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Waldmohr is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Oberes Glantal.
Geography
Location
The municipality lies at the western end of the Landstuhl Marsh (a depression), right at the state boundary with the Saarland roughly 15 km southwest of Kusel, and 10 km north of Homburg. Spreading out along a length of the Glan into the hills on each side, Waldmohr's municipal area reaches elevations of 362 m above sea level at the Waldziegelhütte (an outlying centre whose name means “forest brickworks”) and 234 m above sea level at the Eichelscheid (another outlying centre). The chain of hills, Steines, Fuchsberg, Bolsten, Schachen and Heidenkopf with Oehlbühl, which slope down to the south towards the Glan, and the mountain ridges, Häupel, Mühlfeld, Härtel, and Krämmel, which even out gently towards the north and east, are heavily settled along the greater thoroughfares leading to the heart of the village. Landesstraße 355 bypasses the village to the east and links it to the Autobahn. The river Glan, which rises in neighbouring Höchen, receives considerable contributions at Waldmohr's municipal limit, where the Branschbach and the Mörschbach empty into it at the edge of the Dörrberg. Several big ponds (Dörrbergweiher and Mohrmühlweiher) and many fishing ponds enrich the landscape's appearance. The old tank trench at the Eichelscheiderhof has long been a renaturated stretch of the Glan
Neighbouring municipalities
Waldmohr borders in the north on the municipality of Schönenberg-Kübelberg, in the east on the municipality of Bruchmühlbach-Miesau, in the south on the town of Homburg (not to be confused with the municipality of Homberg), in the west on the town of Bexbach and in the northwest on the municipality of Dunzweiler.
Constituent communities
Waldmohr's Ortsteile are Waldmohr (main centre), Eichelscheiderhof (10) and Waldziegelhütte (112). Also belonging to Waldmohr are the outlying homesteads of Bahnhaus (5), Bolsterhof (14), Erlenhof (6), Mohrmühle (24), Oehlbühlerhof (2), Waldhaus (3) and Autobahnrasthaus (0). Figures in parentheses are population figures as of 2000.
Eichelscheiderhof
Originally a noble estate belonging to the Duchy of Palatine Zweibrücken, the Eichelscheiderhof once stood within Jägersburg's municipal limits. With the formation of the Saar zone of occupation under a League of Nations mandate in 1920, the estate was split from Jägersburg and added to Waldmohr. The name first crops up in Tielemann Stella's writings from 1587 as Eichenschitt, and refers to the wealth of oaktrees in the area (Eiche means “oak” in German). The Eichelscheider Hof itself had its first documentary mention at the time of its founding in 1704. While the Jägersburg Hunting Palace (Jagdschloss Jägersburg) was being built near the district seat of Homburg, the estate was converted into a lordly stud farm, serving the famous Zweibrücken breeding until the end of the Second World War. Napoleon’s parade horse came from the Eichelscheider Hof. The stables are laid out horseshoe-shaped with a great inner yard, and parts have been converted to dwellings. The gateway dominates the estate's appearance. To the right of the stables stands the former manor house. The village of Jägersburg belonged wholly to Waldmohr. Only when the Saar was occupied in 1918 was Jägersburg taken away from Waldmohr. Jägersburg thereby became a self-administering municipality, although it has since been merged into Homburg.
Municipality’s layout
The very old linking roads to neighbouring villages are mostly still preserved and usable. The economically important forest paths used for logging and hiking are maintained and in good condition, whereas others are being reclaimed by the wilderness and are disappearing. Farm lanes, too, are only passable if the fields that they reach are still being used. During the Flurbereinigung undertaken in the late 1950s, which saw various parcels of land consolidated, many fieldpaths were swept away. As of 1990, the municipality of Waldmohr had all together 563.9 ha of wooded land, of which 365 ha was state-owned, 159.3 ha was municipally owned and 39.6 ha was privately owned. As of 1983, Waldmohr had an area of 1 307 ha, of which 363 ha, or 27.2%, was under agricultural use. According to the municipal plan, 18.5 ha is given over to existing bodies of water. Various rural cadastral names point to historical ownership, location, particular soil conditions or former bodies of water. A few examples include: Kirchelborn or Kirckelborn, Spickelberg, Warbach, Bolsten, Häupel, Heiligenwald, etc. In 1901, the forestry office building came into service. The region over which it holds sway is today one of the biggest in the Palatinate. In 1257, the Mohrmühle, one of the oldest mills in the region, had its first documentary mention. The old mill, where from sometime before 1610 until 1645 in the Thirty Years' War direct ancestors of former President of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker lived, is now a destination for outings with a restaurant. In the 1960s, another old mill, the Waldmohrer Mühle, built in 1715, was falling into ever greater disrepair and ended up being torn down. Only a couple of rural cadastral names (in den Mühlwiesen, auf dem Mühlfeld) now recall the actual mill. It was both a gristmill and a sawmill in its time. Three outlying farmsteads (Aussiedlerhöfe) are still worked nowadays. These are Oehlbühlerhof (founded in 1958; area 0.9 ha), Bolsterhof (founded in 1958; area 0.9 ha) and Erlenhof (founded in 1965; area 0.8 ha). The Oehlbühlerhof is tended by the owner of the Erlenhof.
History
In 830, Waldmohr had its first documentary mention in the Lorsch codex as villa Moraha – “village on the boggy brook”. In 1449, the village passed into the lordship of the Dukes of Palatine Zweibrücken and remained under their rule until the duchy itself was swept away by the events of the French Revolution in 1794. Under French rule, Waldmohr became the seat of the like-named canton in the Department of Sarre, thus beginning the village's history as an administrative seat. After the French occupation ended, the Palatinate passed to the Kingdom of Bavaria, with Waldmohr retaining its function as the cantonal seat for 57 villages between Kirkel and Glan-Münchweiler. It lost its place as such only after the separation of the Saar after the First World War. In 1920, Waldmohr was assigned to the Bezirksamt of Kusel and downgraded to a Bezirksamt branch location. In 1946, it was grouped into the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and in 1971, when it became the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Waldmohr, it regained some of its lost glory.
Antiquity
The barrows that go back to middle Late Hallstatt times (about 550 BC) on both sides of the Rhineland-Palatinate-Saarland boundary in the Kuhwald (“Cow Forest”) visibly bear witness even today to early settlement, and after archaeological digs at two of them in 1995 and 1996 they became an attraction for those interested in history. The old highway is still today recognizable along almost its whole length, and much broader than an ordinary country path. In various descriptions from the 14th to the 16th century, it is called the Mohrerweg or Landstraße von Mor nach Erbach (“Highway from Mor to Erbach”), with Mor or Mohr in each case referring to Waldmohr (the prefix Wald— simply means “forest”). Long-settled villagers still speak today of the old Homburger Weg (Erbach lies near Homburg, and is today a constituent community of that town), while in Erbach, it is seen as the Waldmohrer Weg. This east-west road link is of Roman origin, if not even older. After the Romans withdrew in the early 5th century, the region was almost empty of people, and only once the Franks had come to take the land was it slowly settled once more. In this time, the Bliesgau was grouped administratively into Francia.
Middle Ages
The placename Moraha was used for centuries more, even after the name Waltmore had had its first documentary mention in 1418. From 1190 to 1441, a knightly family named “von Moran” was mentioned as being among the vassals of the Counts of Homburg. Several times, the counts pledged the village and court of More, or at least parts thereof, for example, between 1383 and 1410 to the Counts of Veldenz, and once again to the same noble house between 1449 and 1475. In 1312, forty farmers were living in Waldmohr. From 1475 to 1815, the Schultheißerei of Waldmohr belonged to the Duchy of Palatine Zweibrücken. As early as 1404, Waldmohr was mentioned as being the seat of a lower court.
Modern times
In 1535, the Reformation was introduced, after a parish had existed since at least 1219 according to records. The existence of a school in Waldmohr is mentioned for the first time in a 1564 Visitation report. In 1605 came the first mention of an actual schoolhouse. In 1609, the village had 225 Reformed inhabitants at 42 “hearth places” (for which, read “households”). Waldmohr did not fare well in the Thirty Years' War, when troops burnt it down in 1622 and destroyed it utterly in 1635. In 1688 and 1689, the village was once again beset and burnt down in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession). From 1679 to 1697, Waldmohr – along with the whole region – found itself under French rule. In 1701, a new schoolhouse was built. In 1704, the Eichelscheiderhof had its first documentary mention, as did the Waldziegelhütte in 1749. Between 1752 and 1757, Duke Christian IV had the Eichelscheiderhof stud farm built on the site of the estate of that name. It was built in the shape of a small palatial residence with its gateway into the horseshoe-shaped complex.
In 1765, near the old village church auf der Fels (“On the Cliff”), the new Evangelical church was consecrated. In 1775, a directory of Reformed parishioners (for Waldmohr only), not counting shepherds, menservants or maidservants, listed 54 men, 71 women, 91 boys and 89 girls. The parish belonged until the establishment of the Oberamt of Homburg in 1781 to the Inspection of Zweibrücken, to which the village also belonged administratively.
From 1798 to 1815, Waldmohr was seat of the like-named canton in the Department of Sarre, and seat, too, of a mairie (“mayoralty”), belonging to which were Waldmohr, Jägersburg, Kleinottweiler, Höchen, Frohnhofen, Breitenbach, Altenkirchen and Dittweiler. Besides Waldmohr, the canton also included Kübelberg, Schönenberg, Sand, Miesau, Elschbach, Scheidenberg (Schanzer Mühle), Ohmbach and Brücken. The canton belonged to the Arrondissement of Saarbrücken. An 1812 record mentions a cantonal prison in Waldmohr. In 1813, Waldmohr had 683 inhabitants.
Recent times
Beginning in 1816, after Napoleon’s downfall and the Congress of Vienna, Waldmohr belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria, within which it was once again seat of the like-named canton, but now within the Landcommissariat of Homburg in the Rheinkreis (the Palatinate under Bavarian rule). The Canton of Waldmohr now contained 57 villages, estates and mills. That same year, the village was given a magistrates’ court. In 1824, the common schoolhouse was built on Bahnhofstraße (“Railway Station Street”). A new steeple was dedicated in 1831 on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee of King Maximilian I Joseph's coronation. In 1834, the municipality founded Catholic education. Completed in 1850 was the town hall, which also housed the court, which from the very beginning caused a space problem. Only in 1901 could the municipality open its own courthouse – today a community centre – and at the same time a forester's office across the street. In 1855, a post office was set up in Waldmohr, in its own building.
In 1873, the Waldmohr municipal health insurance fund took up its healthcare function, and was only dissolved on 31 December 1913 by the Reichsversicherungsordnung (“Imperial Insurance Order”), whereupon it was taken over by the general health insurance fund. Journalism began in Waldmohr in 1892 with the publication of the first edition of the Waldmohrer Zeitung (meaning simply “Waldmohr Newspaper”), and in 1895, the first master forester for the Waldmohr forester's office region was named.
In 1916, electric light came to Waldmohr, after gaslights had replaced petroleum lamps in 1905. The Waldziegelhütte, on the other hand, had been electrified in 1914, the same year that a motorized bus route began running from Waldmohr to Bexbach, Oberbexbach and the Frankenholz mine. A telephone exchange was built on Bahnhofstraße in 1928.
From 1920 until the Saar's reintegration into Germany in 1935, after Adolf Hitler and the Nazis had swept the Weimar Republic away and instituted the Third Reich, Waldmohr was a border village. One consequence was that Waldmohr was split away from the Bezirksamt (equivalent to Kreis – district) of Homburg to which it had belonged, and a branch location of the Bezirksamt of Kusel was therefore set up in Waldmohr for all municipalities that had likewise belonged to the now occupied Bezirksamt. In 1927, a branch location of the Kusel labour office was also located in the village.
With the approach of the Second World War, the first fortifications began to appear in Waldmohr's municipal area in 1938. This was part of the Westwall, commonly known in English as the Siegfried Line. There were tank trenches, dragon's teeth, bunkers and road barriers, all installed by Organisation Todt. In the autumn of that year, more than two thousand soldiers (horse-drawn artillery) were posted to the Kuhwald. Until 1995, a big horse's drinking trough recalled this event. Organisation Todt built the Siegfried Line's second Main Battle Line (Hauptkampflinie, HKL) in and around Waldmohr, with more than 30 bunkers (although 70 had been planned). On Kristallnacht (9–10 November 1938), SS commandoes from outside the village perpetrated great destruction at Jewish villagers’ homes, particularly at Dr. Salomon's (dentist) and Dr. Levi's (general practitioner), among others. In 1944, more fortifications, trenches, dams and road barriers were laid out, along with so-called Tobruk bunkers. During the war, bombs fell on Höcherstraße and Glanstraße (streets), as well as in the surrounding countryside, causing deaths and damage to houses.
After the war, from 1946 to 1960, Waldmohr once again became a border village as the Saar was once again occupied by the victorious Allies. Shortly after the 1948 currency reform, though, new businesses were coming to the municipality and setting up industrial operations. In 1958, the labour office branch and the municipal revenue agency were housed in a new office building on the street then called Hauptstraße (“Main Street”, but now called Saarpfalzstraße, or “Saar-Palatinate Street”). In 1960, a 70-hectare commercial-industrial park began to open up in the Kuhwald and on the heath. In 1964, a modern school with a gymnasium and a small indoor swimming pool was opened. In 1971, the Verbandsgemeinde of Waldmohr was founded, with Waldmohr itself as the administrative seat. Besides Waldmohr, the new Verbandsgemeinde comprised Dunzweiler and Breitenbach. In 1980, the municipality celebrated its 1,150-year jubilee by dedicating a new marketplace and the new village centre. On 6 October 2020, Waldmohr received town rights from the government of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Population development
Waldmohr was as early as the Middle Ages one of the bigger villages. In 1312, forty farmers were living there. According to Tilemann Stella, it was 43 in 1547. In 1609, the village had 225 Reformed inhabitants in 42 households, according to a church protocol. The population was greatly reduced in the Thirty Years' War, leaving only six subjects (families) in Waldmohr in 1655 (seven years after the war ended). Nonetheless, the number of families rose again quickly, but then the Nine Years' War wrought further decimation. A 1675 record reads “Waldmohr, burnt down, 16 families”.
During the 18th century, growth became continuous, although by now, a few families were emigrating. In 1696, there were 24 “hearth places” (households; 1 clergyman, 1 schoolteacher, 15 farmers, 1 cooper, 1 cabinetmaker, 1 shepherd, 2 maids, 3 menservants and 3 day labourers). In 1718, 42 residences were counted in Waldmohr; by 1760 this had risen to 70. In 1813, in late Napoleonic times, Waldmohr had 683 inhabitants. Old documents convey to the modern reader only a few villagers’ names, and indeed until the early 15th century, usually only first names were recorded. An “immigration patent” issued by the Duke of Zweibrücken after the 1648 Peace of Westphalia was meant to raise the region's population after the wartime devastation. Only a second such patent issued in 1698 by Duke Karl XII met with great success, bringing many families from Switzerland to Waldmohr (Munzinger, Agne, Hollinger, Sandmeyer, Danner, Gerhard, Bächle, Blum, Burckhardt, Klein, Keller, Cloß, Jakoby, Kurtz).
According to the original 1845 cadastral survey, it seems that destitution (division of inheritance, hunger, early death) and the 1848/1849 political upheavals were the main forces driving people to emigrate from the region. Many names are accompanied by notes such as “out of the country – in the land of America”. Nevertheless, in the latter half of the 19th century, ever more people were coming to Waldmohr, even with the fee for becoming a local citizen having been set at 102.85 marks in 1878. During the building of the Nordfeldbahndamm – a railway embankment – between 1902 and 1904, several Italians were employed who settled in the village. The two world wars exacted a heavy toll in blood, particularly the Second World War, which claimed many victims. With the separation of the Saar from the rest of Germany after both world wars, many customs officials and their families came to Waldmohr. Both in Weimar times and after the Second World War, miners’ families moved to the Ruhr area or the Aachen mining region either out of need for work or for better wages. In the 1940s and 1950s, ethnic Germans driven out of Germany's former eastern territories came to settle in Waldmohr. Only the location of industry and opening of valuable building land over the past few decades, however, coupled with good infrastructure development over that time, has led to steady population growth through migration, mainly from the Homburg area, Neunkirchen and the Glan valley. Also, quite a few Turkish families came beginning in 1971. After the Soviet Union's downfall, many ethnically German families from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan – former Volga Germans and Black Sea Germans – came to the village. The commonest names in the village these days are still Bächle, Bauer, Becker, Blum, Braun, Burkart/Burkhardt, Ecker, Emich, Hoffmann, Jung, Kampa, Keller, Kiefer, Klein, Krupp, Leibrock, Lothschütz, Maurer, Metzger, Müller, Rapp, Schäfer, Schmidt/Schmitt, Schneider, Schwarz, Simon, Trumm, Wagner, Weber, Weiß/Weis/Weiss, Wolf, Wunn and Zimmer.
The following table shows population development over the centuries for Waldmohr, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:
Municipality’s name
As early as prehistoric and protohistoric times, the Waldmohr area was settled, as archaeological finds (such as blades, small lacrymatories, remnants of smelting ovens) and barrows bear witness. The first documentary mention dates from AD 830 and is found in a document from Lorsch Abbey, the Lorsch codex (also known as the Reichsurbar, Codex Laureshamensis; kept at the State Archive in Munich), in which the three royal estates of Lutra, Nannenstuol and Mörahha are named (the last one corresponding with the second syllable in “Waldmohr”). The name's meaning comes mainly from the Old High German terms mor for “wetland” (Old English had the same word, and the English “moor” and the German Moor are both still used today) and ahha for either “brook” or “water”. A few researchers, however, derive the mör part of the name from the Latin mora, which can mean either a stay or a rhetorical pause (a royal estate as a rest stop?).
The word ahha crops up a number of times in Old High German poetry from Carolingian times, spelt with only one H, thus aha, and always means “water”. Over the centuries, the village called itself, using various spellings, mora, Mohra, More, Moir, Mohr and mor or Mor. Only in 1418 did the name Waltmore crop up. The name, later Waltmor, Waltmohr, Waldmoor, Waldtmohr and eventually Waldmohr, only became generally customary in the 17th century; the prefix was meant to distinguish “Mohr” from other, nearby, similarly named places such as Kirchmohr, Niedermohr and Obermohr, among others.
Religion
In the time of the Reformation, under the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, all the inhabitants had to convert, at the Duke's behest, to Lutheranism, that is, until 1588, when Duke Johannes I made them all convert once again, this time to Calvinism. Only beginning in 1648 – after the Thirty Years' War – could Lutherans, Reformed believers and Catholics once more live side-by-side in the Duchy of Palatine Zweibrücken.
With the new arrangement of parish areas in 1821, Dunzweiler, along with the Waldziegelhütte, passed to the parish of Breitenbach, and to make for a fair endowment, the parochial estate in Waldmohr was also signed over to the parish of Breitenbach. The parish still holds property in Waldmohr to this day. In 1902, the Catholic community, which belonged to the parish of Kübelberg, had 371 souls. Only in 1929 did Waldmohr welcome its own pastor. The two Catholic parishes of Waldmohr and Breitenbach would thereafter be administered together. The oldest church or chapel likely stood on the stony ridge, upon which the later church was built, upon whose foundations and walls, in turn, the current Protestant church from 1765 stands. It was said to be at that time a village hub of sorts, and the first known graveyard in the village – the churchyard – was there. In 1814, another graveyard was laid out in the Krämmel (a cadastral area), and expanded in 1852. The current graveyard in the Brüchelchen dates from 1898. This has already twice been expanded, and in 1958 it got a new mortuary. In 1924, a forest graveyard was also built at the Waldziegelhütte, right at Saint Mary's Chapel (Marienkapelle), likewise built at that time.
In August 1923, the Catholic parish's long planned so-called “Emergency Church” (Notkirche) was consecrated. It was later torn down, and on its former site arose Saint George’s Church (St. Georgskirche) in 1960. The “White Hall” (Weiße Halle), a Catholic parish community centre, was likewise torn down. It had at one time housed a shoe factory and outlet. Now it was to get a new building and it went into service as a meeting place in 1992. In 1866, the Stumm organ at the Protestant church was dedicated.
At the time when the Palatine Union came into effect in 1818, which united the Reformed and Lutheran churches, the small Lutheran parish had all together 620 parishioners, 130 of whom lived in Waldmohr.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 22 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
“FWG” is a voters’ group.
Mayor
Waldmohr's mayor is Jürgen Schneider (SPD).
Coat of arms
The municipality's arms might be described thus: Per fess gules a lion rampant couped at the line of partition at the knees argent, and Or the letters W and M interlaced in pale sable.
Until 1982, Waldmohr bore different, but nonetheless very similar, arms. The main difference was in the tinctures, whereas the charges were almost the same. The field tinctures were argent and sable (silver and black) while the lion, which was a demilion in the old arms (couped at the waist rather than the knees as in the newer arms), was azure armed and langued gules (blue, but with red claws and tongue) and the two interlaced letters were argent. Those arms had been approved in 1925, and the change was brought about after an expert opinion from Dr. Debus that cited the much longer time that Waldmohr had spent under the Counts of Homburg than under the Counts of Veldenz. Accordingly, the Veldenz lion was changed for the Homburg one. The lower field's tinctures represent the Palatine colours, and the two letters, W and M, may well be a municipal mark, for Waldmohr.
In the 19th century, when a professor from Munich suggested using a Moor's head as a charge in the coat of arms, the municipal council was outraged and bluntly refused the suggestion. This would, of course, have made the arms canting, for the word used for this charge was Mohrenkopf (Kopf means “head”).
Town partnerships
Waldmohr fosters partnerships with the following places:
Is-sur-Tille, Côte-d'Or (Burgundy), France since 3 April 2004
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Waldmohr (main centre)
Protestant parish church, Blücherstraße 3 – aisleless church, marked 1765, architect Philipp Heinrich Hellermann, Zweibrücken, expansion 1903, tower, marked 1831, on Late Gothic ground floor; Stumm organ from 1861
Bahnhofstraße 45 – former post office; building with hipped roof, Swiss chalet style, 1926, architect Heinrich Müller, Speyer
Eichelscheiderstraße – warriors’ memorial 1914-1918 and 1939-1945, base by F. Cullmann and B. Marx, Waldmohr, soldier sculpture by Ludwig Rech, Zweibrücken, 1930, added to after 1945; across street memorial stone for the victims of National Socialism
Rathausstraße 3 – rectory; Classicist plastered building, 1864-1866; characterizes village's appearance; attendant former clergyman's garden and barn
Rathausstraße 12/14 – town hall and until 1901 Royal Bavarian Amt court; stone-block building on pedestal floor with hipped roof, Rundbogenstil, 1849/1850, architect Regional Building Officer Portscheller, Homburg; characterizes village's appearance
At Rathausstraße 37 – fountain well, stone trough, cast-iron post, earlier half of the 19th century
Rathausstraße 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12/14, 16, village core (monumental zone) – village core around intersection of Blücherstraße and Höcher Straße with Hauptstraße, with church and town hall, commercial houses and farmhouses from the 18th and 19th centuries
Saarpfalzstraße 11 – forestry office; sandstone-block building, 1901, architect Christian Jakoby, Waldmohr, shed from time of building
Saarpfalzstraße 12 – former Royal Bavarian Amt court; U-shaped sandstone-block building, risalto with crow-stepped gable, 1900/1901
Former “Consolidiertes Nordfeld” mine (monumental zone) – foundation of the twin headframe and engine house, tailing heaps, former railway right-of-way, about 1900
Former Nordfeld mine loading ramp, on the Weiherstraße extension in the forest – ramp some 8 m high, 1902
Eichelscheiderhof
Eichelscheiderhof 2–5 – former Eichelscheider Hof Ducal Zweibrücken stud farm; one-floor horseshoe-shaped stable building with two-floor gatehouse, dwelling and commercial building, high hipped roofs, 1752-1757
Music
Well known is the Westricher Madrigalchor (the Westrich is an historic region that encompasses areas in both Germany and France), a mixed choir that in 1998 sprang from the singing association (Sängervereinigung), under the direction of Thomas Gräff.
The Musikverein Waldmohr e.V. was founded, in its current form, on 8 October 1922. The first official mention of a “Waldmohr Music Club” was on the occasion of the fourth Palatine Music Festival (Pfälzisches Musikfest), which was held in Speyer in January 1830. Today, the Musikverein Waldmohr is made up of a youth wind orchestra and a saxophone quartet.
Clubs
Cultural life in Waldmohr is characterized by a very active and multifaceted branch location of the district folk high school, the Sängervereinigung 1872, the Catholic church choir, the Protestant singing circle, the Musikverein with its various music groups, the promotional circle for art, and various other sporting, social and community service clubs:
TV Waldmohr (sport club)
VfB Waldmohr (sport club)
HSV Waldmohr (sport club)
ASV Waldmohr (sport club)
Schützenverein Waldmohr (shooting club)
Reit- und Fahrverein Waldmohr (equestrian club)
TC Waldmohr (tennis club)
Behinderten-Sportclub Waldmohr (disabled sports)
DLRG
Karateclub Waldmohr
Verein „Dorf für Kinder“ (“Village for Children”)
Pfälzerwaldverein Waldmohr (hiking)
Obst- und Gartenbauverein Waldmohr (gardening and fruitgrowing)
DRK (German Red Cross)
Pensionärverein Waldmohr (pensioners’ club)
Both churches, with their many bodies and groups
VdK (advocacy group)
Reservisten-Kameradschaft (military)
“Krea-Mief” theatre club
Regular events
Besides the various Shrovetide (Fastnacht) events held by some clubs, the dance in May, the Marketplace Festival, the kermis (church consecration festival), the Christmas Market, the Dörrbergfest and the Weiherfest held by the clubs and parties, there is hardly any upholding of old customs, unless the kindergartens’ yearly Martinmas parades are counted (11 November). Also, on Epiphany, the Sternsinger go door-to-door. The primary school-Hauptschule choir actively participates in many municipal events.
Natural monuments
Within municipal limits lies the “Bruchwiesen Waldmohr” recreation area, within which the river Glan has been renaturated. Regarded as a natural monument is the Heldenhain (“Heroes’ Grove”) with its stand of limetrees. The old oaktree standing on the north slope of the Dörrberg is considered worthy of protection and is to be incorporated into the municipal plan as such.
Economy and infrastructure
Agriculture
In recent decades, the amount of land under agricultural use has been slowly but steadily shrinking with the decline of full-time and even part-time farming. More than half the agricultural land is still cropland. The greenbelt areas make up about 45% of it, and land used for special cultivation hardly 1%; these have no economic importance. Grain farming has been decreasing since 1971. Potato farming claims the lion's share of the cropland. Fodder farming has even grown, leading to growth in livestock rearing, too. Over the last few decades, cattle and swine have been growing in numbers, even though the odd farming operation has been given up.
Woodland
As mentioned above, Waldmohr had 563.9 ha of wooded land in 1990. This represents a gain of 5% over the total wooded land in 1970. Extensive common beech forests dominate, and only in the Eichelscheid area are spruce and pine the main trees. The woods on the Dörrberg and Eichelscheid in particular have a protective function, and a recreational function. The Schachenwald is set out as a recreational forest for seniors and also serves as a noise barrier and valuable stand of trees.
Industry and employment
Before industrialization, almost all the villagers worked as farmers, craftsmen, day labourers, tradesmen, forestry workers or bureaucrats. After the middle of the 19th century, many went to work at the ironworks in Homburg and Neunkirchen, and later to the mines on the Nordfeld, in Frankenholz and in Neunkirchen. With the coalmine shutdowns and the onset of the steel crisis in the 1960s, Waldmohr began with the laying out of a 70-hectare commercial-industrial park, bringing the village many new jobs; thus today, 2,700 workers earn their livelihoods here. Nevertheless, more and more people commute to jobs elsewhere.
Waldmohr earns its living today mainly from industrial operations and craft businesses. It is the district's biggest industrial location. The biggest employer, with roughly 590 employees as of 2000, is the firm CS Schmal Möbel GmbH (furniture). Over the last few years, the firm Minitec, founded in 1986, has grown greatly. As of 2006, it has roughly 190 employees. The firm has at its disposal a patent for aluminium parts whereby drilling is no longer needed.
Of the many small craft businesses of bygone days, little is left. The smith, the wainwright, the locksmith and cabinetmakers of all descriptions are no longer found in the village. There are, however, a shoemaker’s shop, a butcher’s shop, a bakery, a furrier’s shop, two roofing businesses, three barber/hairdresser’s shops, a carpentry business, a plasterer’s shop and two painting businesses, which can be described as ordinary craft businesses. Other businesses in Waldmohr are a wholesale bakery, five sanitary businesses, three electrical speciality shops, five automotive repair shops, three building companies, a sawmill, a sculpture studio, two tiler’s businesses, two craft metalworking shops and a wholesale metalworking business. Among other small and midsize businesses are a marble workshop, a printing shop, a furniture factory, a prefabricated building business and prefabricated cellar manufacturer, a drywall-making business and a window-making business.
Since the introduction of the weekly market in 1993 – market day is Saturday – the market has been well received by the villagers. Moreover, the various flea markets and the Christmas market enjoy great popularity. Unfortunately, the Turnerjahrmarkt (“Gymnasts’ Yearly Market”) has in recent years fallen by the wayside.
In addition to Schmal's employment of 450 or so, a number of other companies are important employers. The firm Kampa, which makes high-quality prefabricated houses, currently employs 320 people at its Waldmohr works. Working at the firms Metronic and WIG von Grünenwald are 120 and 50 employees respectively. Stehma has a workforce of 75 building steel halls. A notary, two lawyers and several architectural offices have a great deal to do.
Despite Waldmohr's emergent industry, 1,069 workers commute daily to the Saarland, 855 of them to Homburg alone. Commuting to Kaiserslautern and other workplaces in the Palatinate are 362 workers. On the other hand, there is also a daily inflow of commuters, 384 of whom come from the Saarland, 528 from other places in the Kusel district and 64 from elsewhere in the Palatinate. There has been an upward trend in inbound commuters in recent years.
Public institutions
Waldmohr is home to the administration of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
Education
It was in 1564, in a Visitation report by the clergyman, that a school in the village was first mentioned, but apparently, it did not have its own building. Such a thing as a schoolhouse in Waldmohr was not mentioned until 1605. A 1613 report said that nobody in the village could read or write. Learning was not very efficient, and hence only met with slight success. The teachers were so poorly paid that they often had to put up with hunger. A teacher's wages were first mentioned in 1589. The teacher at the Reformed school received 4 Malter of grain and 8 Gulden in gold from the church treasury, and from the municipality 2 Malter of grain for ringing the bells. In 1596, the then schoolteacher received a small amount of land for the schoolyard as remuneration. Nevertheless, no teacher ever stayed very long before seeking a better paying job. After the Thirty Years' War, the historical record tells of a school in Waldmohr once again in 1659, eleven years after the war had ended. Employment there was, however, apparently no better after all those years, for the teachers were still changing so often that the post was often left unfilled. Only in 1728 was this pattern broken, when schoolteacher Schwartz from Quirnbach came to Waldmohr and stayed until his death in 1761. In the earlier half of the 18th century, the Lutherans and the Catholics likewise each had their own school. Attending the Reformed school in 1783 were 79 pupils, while in 1809, the Lutheran school had 25. The earliest figures for the Catholic school come from 1825, when it had 25 pupils. All together, there were 256 schoolchildren attending the village's schools that year, leading the government to institute a third teaching post (by this time, there was Lutheran-Reformed unity). It was for the Catholic school. The Catholic teacher's yearly salary was 200 Gulden. The Protestant teachers were paid 450 Gulden; this was not all in cash, however. It was made up of a dwelling, a garden, a hillside plot, 2 Morgen of meadowland, 6 hL of grain, 3 klafters of wood, from each of 120 households 1 barrel of grain, from each of 160 schoolchildren 1 Gulden in cash from the church treasury, the municipal coffer and special ecclesiastical events. The recompense was also split between two teachers. The head teacher got 250 Gulden with the remaining 200 Gulden going to his assistant. In 1862, teachers’ salaries were reformed and payments in kind were dropped. In 1870, a continuation school (Fortbildungsschule) was established whose classes ran from November to early February each year. At this time, the municipality had three schools, two Protestant and one Catholic.
With the establishment of the communal Christian school in 1877, teachers’ salaries were reformed yet again. Under the new terms (1878), each member of the teaching staff received 897.38 marks. In 1901, superannuation payments were specially introduced, and teachers’ pay was in 1905 raised to 1,500 marks. The Fortbildungsschule, which had long been run as a Sunday school (inasmuch as classes were held on Sunday; it was not religious), became a Wednesday afternoon school beginning in 1906. In 1935, the eighth school year was introduced, in 1966/1967 the ninth and in 1991/1992 the tenth.
The Rothenfeldschule is a combined primary school and Regionale Schule with the tenth class. Since the 2007/2008 school year it has been the only school in Rhineland-Palatinate to offer year-round daycare.
Public utilities
On Breitenbacher Straße stands a modern electrical substation owned by Pfalzwerke, which ensures the electrical supply for both home and industry. Waldmohr manages to do without any partnerships to ensure its water supply, having its own deep wells, pumphouses and cisterns. A sewage treatment plant costing 10,000,000 DM (about €5,113,000), built to handle a capacity of 10,000 inhabitants, has been brought into service and uses the most modern wastewater treatment. The whole village is supplied with both electricity and natural gas. At the turn of the 20th century, the village even owned its own gasworks, although this was shut down in the First World War owing to unprofitability.
Transport
Saarpfalzstraße, which was built as a relief and bypass road for the former Hauptstraße (now Rathausstraße), is now the main road within the municipality, and as Bundesstraße 423 also the most important road for through traffic. Also particularly busy within the municipality are Landesstraße 354, leading to the commercial-industrial park and, by way of Landesstraße 355, to interchange 50 on the Autobahn A 6 (Saarbrücken–Mannheim) – sometimes called Via Carolina – and the Waldmohr service centre with its motel, and Kreisstraße (District Road) 3 from the village centre to Höchen and Bexbach. Also heavily frequented are Bahnhofstraße and Rathausstraße. As early as 1985, the daily number of vehicles at the edge of the village going towards Kübelberg reached 4,852, and at the edge of the village going towards Jägersburg, it reached 5,505. The Autobahn links Waldmohr not only to the national road network, but also to France and the Czech Republic.
The Nordfeldbahn (railway) was built in 1903. The railway line from Homburg to Bad Münster, dedicated in 1904, was closed in 1981. The last passenger train was a three-unit railbus that with the end of the 1980-1981 winter timetable did its last run between Glan-Münchweiler and Homburg on 30 May 1981 – complete with a bunch of gorse fastened onto the front. In 1990, the tracks were torn up and in 1993, the bridge across Landesstraße 354 was torn down, leaving only an industrial spur between the Waldmohr commercial-industrial park and Homburg.
Public transport is integrated into the VRN. The Glantalbahn (railway), which once ran through Waldmohr, is no longer used along this stretch of the right-of-way. The nearest line is now the Saarbrücken-Heidelberg line, which runs some 6 km south of Waldmohr. Bus routes run by Regionalbus Saar-Westpfalz link Waldmohr with Homburg Central Station, Bruchmühlbach-Miesau and Landstuhl, all on that railway line. Kusel station at the district seat and Glan-Münchweiler station on the Landstuhl–Kusel railway can also be reached directly by bus.
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Theodor Berkmann (1802–1870), jurist, politician and revolutionary
Ludwig Ritterspacher (1883–1964), politician (CDU)
Fritz Schwitzgebel (1888–1957), politician (NSDAP)
Kurt Eichner (1898–1969), politician (NSDAP)
Eugen Kampa (1913–????), a carpenter by trade, he married a building-element entrepreneur's daughter in Minden, and in 1945 he took over his father-in-law's business, expanding it into an important maker of prefabricated houses with 17 locations; Kampa-Werk II was in Waldmohr.
Georg Fleischer (d. 1973), a furniture manufacturer, he owned a furniture factory in Eilenburg, Saxony that was expropriated in East German times; he settled in Waldmohr in 1951, where he founded a new factory, which at times employed more than 100 employees and made the well known Pfalzmöbel line of furniture; after Fleischer's death, the factory soon failed.
References
External links
Municipality’s official webpage
Kusel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldmohr |
Francavilla di Sicilia (Sicilian: Francavigghia) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Messina on the island of Sicily, southern Italy.
It has a population of about 3,900 people and is situated in the southern part of the province, close to the northern slopes of Mount Etna. The distance to Messina is about , and the town is about from Catania airport, in the valley of the River Alcantara between Taormina and Randazzo. Taormina and the Mediterranean Sea are about to the southeast.
Neighboring towns and villages include: Antillo, Castiglione di Sicilia, Fondachelli-Fantina, Malvagna, Montalbano Elicona, Motta Camastra, Novara di Sicilia and Tripi.
History
In the vicinity of the town artefacts have been found dating back to the 5th century BC.
In 1092 the Abbey of San Salvatore di Placa was built, and the town grew around it.
On June 20, 1719 a major battle was fought between Spanish and Austrians in the War of the Quadruple Alliance, leaving 8000 dead and wounded.
Main sights
Gole dell'Alcantara, a canyon on the river Alcantara, which over the centuries found its way through the lava stones of Mount Etna and which flows close to the town. Between Francavilla and Motta Camastra it reaches its most remarkable point: a canyon, partly cave-like, about deep and including characteristic lava rocks.
Chiesa dell'Annunziata in the centre of the town.
Convent of the Capuchins, near the cemetery.
Ruins of the medieval castle on the hill above the town.
Archaeological excavations, including ancient Greek findings from the 6th-century BC onwards.
Events
Last Sunday of August: Celebration of Saint Euplio.
December 4: Celebration of the town's patron saint, Saint Barbara.
Good Friday procession (every 4 years)
Nativity Play
Carnival
People
Gaetano Cipolla: American linguist, educator and author, principal of Legas Publishing
References
External links
Official website
Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Messina
Castles in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francavilla%20di%20Sicilia |
Isenthal is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.
History
Isenthal is first mentioned in 1280 as Yseltal.
Geography
Isenthal has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of . Of this area, about 28.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 27.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 44.0% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by and the agricultural land has decreased by .
, 21.4% of the total land area was heavily forested, while 1.4% is covered in small trees and shrubbery. Of the agricultural land, 5.7% is used for orchards or vine crops and 22.2% is used for alpine pastures. Of the settled areas, 0.3% is covered with buildings, and 0.2% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.9% is unproductive flowing water (rivers), 35.6% is too rocky for vegetation, and 8.8% is other unproductive land.
The municipality is located at the intersection of the Chlital and the Grosstal. It consists of the village of Isenthal and widely scattered small settlements.
Demographics
Isenthal has a population () of . , 1.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010-2013) the population has changed at a rate of -0.95%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 3.8 while the death rate was 5.7 per thousand residents.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 58.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.0%.
In 2013 there were 168 private households in Isenthal. Of the 172 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 47.7% were single family homes and 16.9% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 44.8% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 14.0% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 1.89. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.61%.
Most of the population () speaks German (99.3%), with Polish being second most common (0.4%) and French being third (0.2%). the gender distribution of the population was 52.4% male and 47.6% female.
The historical population is given in the following table:
Economy
, there were a total of 215 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 129 people worked in 47 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 26 workers in 13 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 60 jobs in 18 businesses. In 2013 a total of 1.9% of the population received social assistance.
Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the CVP with 53.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (28.0%), the GPS (17.0%) and other candidates received 1.5%. In the federal election, a total of 204 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 51.5%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011, due to only certain parties running candidates in each election. In 2011 only the SP and the FDP.The Liberals had candidates on the ballot, while in 2015 only the CVP, SVP and GPS ran.
In the 2007 federal election only the FDP appeared on the ballot and they received 92.3% of the vote.
Education
In Isenthal about 60.5% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
Weather
Isenthal has an average of 150.2 days of rain per year and on average receives of precipitation. The wettest month is July during which time Isenthal receives an average of of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 14.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 15.5, but with only of precipitation. The driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 14.4 days.
References
External links
http://www.isenthal.ch
Municipalities of the canton of Uri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isenthal |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1967.
Teachers (Colleges of Education) (Scotland) Regulations 1967 S.I. 1967/29
Sheffield Order 1967 S.I. 1967/104
Diplomatic Privileges (Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies) (Amendment) Order 1967 S.I. 1967/474
Carriage by Air (Convention) Order 1967 S.I. 1967/479 C.8
Carriage by Air Acts (Application of Provisions) Order 1967 S.I. 1967/480
Transfer of Functions (Miscellaneous) Order 1967 S.I. 1967/486
Commonwealth Countries and Republic of Ireland (Immunities) Orders 1967 (Nos. 815 and 1902)
Carcinogenic Substances Regulations 1967 S.I. 1967/879
Industrial Training (Rubber and Plastics Processing Board) Order 1967 S.I. 1967/1062
Coal and Other Mines (Electricity) (Amendment) Regulations 1967 S.I. 1967/1083
Teachers (Education, Training and Registration) (Scotland) Regulations 1967 S.I. 1967/1162
Industrial and Provident Societies Regulations 1967 S.I. 1967/1310
Aberllefeni Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1967 S.I. 1967/1395
Braich Goch Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1967 S.I. 1967/1396
Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures Exemption Order 1967 S.I. 1967/1485
Carcinogenic Substances (Prohibition of Importation) Order 1967 S.I. 1967/1675
References
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201967 |
David Slingsby Ogle (1921 – 25 May 1962) was a British industrial and car designer. He founded the design consultancy company Ogle Design in 1954.
He was educated at Rugby School and briefly studied law at University of Oxford. In 1940 he joined the Fleet Air Arm. He flew the Supermarine Seafire in operations in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and in the south of France. He rose to the rank of Lt Commander and was awarded the DSC and the MBE.
At the conclusion of the war he attended the Central School of Art and Design in London, studying industrial design. He subsequently joined Murphy Radio. He left Murphy in 1948 to join Bush Radio. It was while at Bush that he was responsible for the iconic design of the TR82 transistor radio.
He went on to design the Ogle SX1000 based on the Mini. Sixty-nine cars were made before David Ogle's death. He also designed the Reliant Scimitar.
Ogle died in an automobile accident on 25 May 1962, while driving an Ogle Mini GT sports car on the way to Brands Hatch race circuit where he was going to demonstrate the vehicle. He was on the A1 highway at Digswell Hill, Welwyn, Hertfordshire and travelling at when he collided with a van and the car burst into flames.
Honours and awards
27 March 1945 – For distinguished service and gallantry during the invasion of the South of France, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) to Temporary Lieutenant (A) David Slingsby Ogle, RNVR (Reigate).
13 June 1946 – To be a Member of the Order of the British Empire – Lieutenant (A) Davide Slingsby Ogle, DSC, RNVR.
References
1921 births
1962 deaths
People educated at Rugby School
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British World War II pilots
British automobile designers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
Fleet Air Arm aviators
Road incident deaths in England
British industrial designers
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
Fleet Air Arm personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ogle |
The Vought VE-7 "Bluebird" was an early biplane of the United States. First flying in 1917, it was designed as a two-seat trainer for the United States Army, then adopted by the United States Navy as its first fighter aircraft. In 1922, a VE-7 became the first airplane to take off from an American aircraft carrier.
Design and development
The Lewis & Vought Corporation was formed just months after the U.S. entered World War I, with the intention of servicing war needs. The company's trainer was patterned after successful European designs; for instance, the engine was a Wright Hispano Suiza of the type used by the French Spads. In practice, the VE-7's performance was much better than usual for a trainer, and the Army ordered 1,000 of an improved design called the VE-8. However, the contract was cancelled due to the end of the war.
However, the Navy was very interested in the VE-7, and received the first machine in May 1920. Production orders soon followed, and in accordance to Navy policy at the time, examples were also built by the Naval Aircraft Factory. In all, 128 VE-7s were built.
The fighter version of the VE-7 was designated VE-7S. It was a single-seater, the front cockpit being faired over and a Vickers machine gun mounted over it on the left side and synchronized to fire through the propeller. Some planes, designated VE-7SF, had flotation gear consisting of inflatable bags stowed away, available to help keep the plane afloat when ditching at sea.
The Bluebird won the 1918 Army competition for advanced training machines.
The VE-8 variant completed in July 1919 had a 340hp Wright-Hispano H engine, reduced overall dimensions, increased wing area, a shorter faired cabane, and two Vickers guns. Two were completed. Flight test results were disappointing, the aircraft was overweight, with heavy controls, inadequate stability and sluggish performance.
The VE-9 variant, first delivered to the Navy on 24 June 1922, was essentially an improved VE-7, with most of the improvements in the fuel system area. Four of the 21 ordered by the U.S. Navy were unarmed observation float seaplanes for battleship catapult use.
Operational history
The VE-7s equipped the Navy's first two fighter squadrons VF-1 and VF-2. A VE-7 flown by Lieutenant Virgil C. Griffin made history on October 17, 1922, when it took off from the deck of the newly commissioned carrier . The VE-7s were the Navy's frontline fighters for several years, with three still assigned to the Langley in 1927; all were retired the following year.
Variants
VE-7 (1918) - 14 built for the U.S. Army Air Service; 39 built for the U.S. Navy; (one of two known, built at McCook Field. Reportedly four more were built by Springfield Co)
VE-7F (1921) - 29 built for the U.S. Navy
VE-7G (1921) - One converted from VE-7 for U.S. Marine Corps, 23 converted from VE-7 for U.S. Navy
VE-7GF (1921) - One converted from VE-7
VE-7H (1924) - Nine observation seaplanes built for the U.S. Navy
VE-7S (1925) - One converted from VE-7
VE-7SF (1925) - 11 built for the U.S. Navy
VE-7SH - One VE-7SF converted into a floatplane.
VE-8 (1918) - Four ordered by the U.S. Army on October 11, 1918; two were canceled; 340 hp Wright-Hispano H engine installed, two Vickers guns, wingspan decreased to , wing area increased to , shortened to , speed increased to , loaded weight increased to
VE-9 (1921) - Two converted from VE-7 for U.S. Army; speed increased to , service ceiling increased to
VE-9 (1927) - 22 built for the U.S. Army, 17 built for the U.S. Navy. (U.S. Army used same designation as U.S. Navy)
VE-9H (1927) - Four unarmed observation float seaplanes built for the U.S. Navy battleships, modified vertical tail surfaces for improved catapult and water stability
VE-9W - canceled
Surviving aircraft
No survivors remain, however a replica Bluebird was completed in early 2007 by volunteers of the Vought Aircraft Heritage Foundation. It is now on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida.
Operators
United States Army Air Service
United States Navy
Specifications (VE-7)
References
Notes
Bibliography
K.O. Eckland's Aerofiles; accessed 13 May 2007
External links
Vought Aircraft Industries Inc. Company Heritage
V-007
Military aircraft of World War I
VE-7, Vought
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Carrier-based aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought%20VE-7 |
Surjan Singh Bhandari was a commando of the elite National Security Guards of the Indian armed forces. Bhandari hailed from Gochar, North Indian state of Uttarakhand. Bhandari was critically wounded during the operation to flush out the terrorists from the Akshardham temple complex on September 24, 2002.
The terrorists had stuck the Akshardham complex and killed 29 civilians before the NSG team managed to flush them out. Bhandari was injured by a bullet that hit his head during the operation.
Bhandari was comatose for 600 days till his death on May 19, 2004. He had the "Tiranga" (Tricolor), the Indian national flag, by his side when he died. He was awarded the Kirti Chakra, India's second highest gallantry award by the President of India, Abdul Kalam. The deceased commando's two brothers are also in the armed forces.
References
External links
Akshardham: Injured NSG commando dead
Terrorism victims in India
Indian military personnel killed in action
20th-century births
2004 deaths
Kirti Chakra
Recipients of the Kirti Chakra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjan%20Singh%20Bhandari |
The River Finn () is a river in the west of Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. The river mainly flows through County Donegal, part of the Republic of Ireland, while
a short stretch of the river also partially flows through County Tyrone, part of Northern Ireland. From Lough Finn, the river goes to Ballybofey and Stranorlar before joining the River Mourne at Lifford and Strabane.
The Monellan Burn, also known as the Creamery Burn, flows into the River Finn very near a hamlet called The Cross, not far from the former site of Monellan Castle, just outside Killygordon. From Castlefin downstream, the river is tidal, becoming deeper towards Strabane. The Finn is long and together with its tributary the Reelin River, drains a catchment area of 195 square miles. The River Foyle is formed by the confluence of the River Mourne and the River Finn, west of Lifford Bridge. The area which the River Finn flows through is called the Finn Valley. The village of Clady, near Strabane in County Tyrone, is on the River Finn. The football club in Ballybofey, Finn Harps, is named after the river.
Angling
The upper reaches of the Reelin and the Finn are fast downstream to Ballybofey and can give excellent fishing. From Ballybofey downstream the river becomes deeper and slower. In all there is more than of salmon fishing on the river from Flushtown right up to Bellanmore Bridge and part of the Reelan too. There is good sea trout fishing at Liscooley and Killygordan and from Ballybofey to Bellanamore Bridge. The Finn and its tributary the Reelan are probably the most prolific salmon and grilse rivers in Donegal and indeed throughout the Foyle catchment. Fish species such as roach, perch, eels and brown trout are caught in the Finn system.
Area of special scientific interest
The River Foyle and tributaries Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) include the River Foyle and its tributaries i.e. that part of the River Finn which is within Northern Ireland, the River Mourne and its tributary the River Strule (up to its confluence with the Owenkillew River) and the River Derg, along with two of its sub-tributaries, the Mourne Beg River and the Glendergan River. The area encompasses 120 km of watercourse and is notable for the physical diversity and naturalness of the banks and channels, especially in the upper reaches, and the richness and naturalness of its plant and animal communities. Of particular importance is the population of Atlantic Salmon, which is one of the largest in Europe. Research has indicated that each sub-catchment within the system supports genetically distinct populations.
References
External links
Geograph - The River Finn at Capry Photograph
Salmon fishing on the River Finn, from salmon Ireland
Ballybofey
Finn
Finn
Finn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Finn%20%28Foyle%20tributary%29 |
James Sauvage (born James Savage), (9 May 1849 – 27 November 1922) was a Welsh baritone singer.
Early life
Sauvage grew up in the mining community of Penrhos, Rhosllannerchrugog, Wales, the son of Thomas and Mary Savage of The Square. Before he was nine years old, he began working in one of the local collieries, the Brandie Pit No. 6 at Ruabon, working twelve-hour days. His musical talents appeared at an early age and as a child his voice was highly appreciated in local concerts and eisteddfodau, and he sang alto in the choir at the Calvinistic Methodist Capel Mawr (literally "Big Chapel") in Rhos.
At the age of eighteen, he left to seek work in the coalfields of Ohio in the United States with several other young men from Rhos. A few years later, in the town of Jackson, Ohio, he met Lewis William Lewis (known by his bardic name of 'Llew Llwyfo') of Penysarn, Llanwenllwyfo, Anglesey, Wales. Lewis was touring the Welsh communities of the US with a concert party he had brought over from Wales. Llew Llwyfo managed to persuade James Savage to give up his job in the mines and join the concert party, a decision which changed the course of his life.
Musical career
On returning to Wales, Sauvage began to make a name for himself in the musical world, and was frequently called upon to perform at the National Eisteddfod. He later gained a place at the Royal Academy of Music, London, England and in two years, the shortest time in record there for a student, won the bronze, silver, and gold medals. He was later elected associate of the institution and soon after became a Fellow of the Royal Academy.
Although he started his singing career as a tenor he later developed as a world-famous baritone. He was widely known as an operatic singer, and for a number of years was a member of the Carl Rosa Opera Company, and his repertoire included the standard English, French and Italian works.
Sauvage continued to make regular visits to the United States and eventually the family settled there in Lincoln Park, Newark, New Jersey. James took up the position of Director of Music at the Peddie Memorial Church in Newark and later was appointed Professor of Singing at Vassar College in New York. James Sauvage eventually became a naturalised United States citizen.
Every summer James made an annual 'pilgrimage' back to Rhosllannerchrugog, travelling in some style between New York and Liverpool on the best of the Cunard Line liners. He made his last visit to Rhos in the summer of 1922.
Death and legacy
Professor James Sauvage died in November 1922 at Newark, New Jersey at the age of 73. David Lloyd George, the former British Prime Minister, wrote of James Sauvage:
About thirty five year ago he was the principal vocalist in the Criccieth Eisteddfod. After having charmed the thousands who came to listen to him from the hills and valleys, he came home with me for a cup of tea. When he learned that my mother could not attend the eisteddfod, owing to ill health, he sang to her all of his programme of songs and encores, with the same vigour and enthusiasm that he displayed in singing to the thousands. What pleasure this gave to my dear old mother! Ever since there has been a warm spot in my heart for the famous musician.
Personal life
James Savage married Eleanor Lewis, the daughter of his mentor Llew Llwyfo, on 11 December 1871 at St. Louis, Missouri. They had six children. Their first child Lillian was born in St. Louis in 1872. Their second child Thomas (always to be known as 'Tonzo') was born in Rhyl, Wales in 1874 and in 1898 married Elsie Peddie in Newark, New Jersey, the daughter of Republican politician Thomas Baldwin Peddie. Their third child, Vilda, was born in Aberystwyth, Wales in 1875 while James was studying at Aberystwyth University. James and Eleanor's fourth child, Mary Blodwen, was born in Fulham, London, England in 1877. They had two more children, Louis Idris born in Hammersmith, London, England in 1885 and James Elwyn born in 1890 in Newark, New Jersey.
References
Sources
Obituary of James Sauvage, "Rhos Herald", Rhosllannerchrog, Wales, 1922
Obituary of James Sauvage, "Newark Call", Newark, New Jersey, USA, 1922
Ellis Island Records
UK Census Records
USA Census Records
Missouri Marriage Records, 1805-2002 at Ancestry.com
External links
Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru
Welsh operatic baritones
People from Rhosllanerchrugog
Welsh emigrants to the United States
1849 births
1922 deaths
20th-century American male opera singers
19th-century Welsh male opera singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Sauvage |
The Glyndŵr Award (Welsh: Gwobr Glyndŵr) is made for an outstanding contribution to the arts in Wales. It is given by the Machynlleth Tabernacle Trust to pre-eminent figures in music, art and literature in rotation. The award takes its name after Owain Glyndŵr, crowned Prince of Wales at Machynlleth in 1404.
The award consists of a large medal in silver, bearing a stylised design of Cardigan Bay and the Dyfi river, with the location of Machynlleth marked by an inlaid bead of pure unmixed 18ct Welsh gold from the Gwynfynydd gold mine, near Ganllwyd, Dolgellau. The bilingual Glyndŵr medal was designed in 1995 by designer and goldsmith Kelvin Jenkins, whose studio is in Machynlleth, and has been handmade by him for presentation to every winner since then.
Recipients
The composer Ian Parrott (1994)
The painter Sir Kyffin Williams (1995)
The writer Jan Morris (1996)
The composer Alun Hoddinott (1997)
The painter Iwan Bala (1998)
The poet Gillian Clarke (1999)
The harpist Robin Huw Bowen (2000)
The sculptor John Meirion Morris (2001)
The poet Gerallt Lloyd Owen (2002)
The harpist Elinor Bennett (2003)
The painter Peter Prendergast (2004)
The historian Dr John Davies (2005)
The composer Rhian Samuel (2006)
The painter Shani Rhys James (2007)
The poet bard Tudur Dylan Jones (2008)
The pianist Llŷr Williams (2009)
The sculptor David Nash RA (2010)
The writer Mererid Hopwood (2011)
The conductor and musicologist David Russell Hulme (2012)
The painter David Tress (2013)
The writer Angharad Price (2014)
The conductor and pianist Eirian Owen (2015)
The writer Dylan Iorwerth (2017)
The composer Sir Karl Jenkins (2018)
See also
List of European art awards
References
External links
The Machynlleth Festival
Kelvin Jenkins Jewellery Glyndŵr Award
University of Aberystwyth
Connaught Brown; Rhys James biography
Welsh music awards
British art awards
Welsh literary awards
Awards established in 1994
1994 establishments in Wales
Cultural depictions of Owain Glyndŵr | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r%20Award |
Glow plates are sheets of glass or plastic that "glow" when light is supplied to one of their edges.
The light source for a glow plate can be artificial, such as fluorescent light, or natural, with sunlight being directly exposed to the plate or fed through a fiber-optic system.
A joint effort between Florida State University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory is focused on the design of a "spiral bio-reactor light sheet", which consists of a plexiglas sheet that has been micro-etched on one side and rolled into a spiral shape.
Aside from aesthetic or utilitarian lighting purposes, much interest in using glow plates as a source of light comes from recent developments in algal cultivation.
External links
Algae used to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions The energy blog
Fabrication of spiral bio-reactor light sheets Student abstracts: engineering at ORNL
Lighting
Fiber optics
Algaculture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow%20plate |
Wolfstein () is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Before 1 July 2014 it was the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, since then it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein. Wolfstein is known for its two castle ruins, Neu-Wolfstein standing over the heart of the town, and Alt-Wolfstein standing at the narrowest spot in the Lauter valley at the town's northern entrance. Wolfstein is a state-recognized recreational resort (Erholungsort).
Geography
Location
The town lies in the North Palatine Uplands, in the so-called Königsland (“Kingsland”), between Idar-Oberstein and Kaiserslautern. The municipal area measures 1 377 ha, of which 644 ha is wooded. Also, 154 ha is given over to residential properties and transport facilities, 574 ha to agriculture and 5 ha is taken up by other uses and open water. Geographically, the municipal area belongs to the Glan-Alsenz mountain and hill country, which meets the Kaiserslauterer Senke (a depression) to the north. The town centre lies in the Lauter valley, cut narrowly into the land, between the steep slopes on either side of the Lauter, the Königsberg on the left bank and the Eisenknopf on the right. The Königsberg (not to be confused with the former East Prussian city) is the town's highest point at 568.4 m above sea level. Other selected elevations are as follows:
Lang-Heck (Roßbach) — 404.1 m
Neu-Wolfstein castle ruin — 238 m
Stahlhausen valley floor (southern town limit) — 196 m
Wolfstein railway station — 187.9 m
The town lies roughly 23 km northeast of Kusel, and 20 km northwest of Kaiserslautern.
Neighbouring municipalities
Wolfstein borders in the north on the municipalities of Lohnweiler and Heinzenhausen, in the northeast on the municipalities of Oberweiler-Tiefenbach and Einöllen, in the east on the municipality of Relsberg, in the southeast on the municipality of Niederkirchen, in the south on the municipality of Kreimbach-Kaulbach, in the southwest on the municipality of Rutsweiler an der Lauter and in the west on the municipality of Aschbach. Wolfstein also meets the municipalities of Hohenöllen, Eßweiler and Offenbach-Hundheim at single points in the northeast, southwest and northwest respectively.
Constituent communities
Wolfstein's Stadtteile are the main townsite, also called Wolfstein (1,792), Roßbach (178) and Reckweilerhof (11). The figures are populations as at 2007.
Town’s layout
Until 1905, the town's municipal area was limited to the area on the Lauter's left bank between Rutsweiler to the south, Lohnweiler to the north and Aschbach to the west. According to the original Bavarian cadastral survey (about 1840), Wolfstein's area measured 616 ha. In the 174 houses at that time lived 826 persons.
Spreading out from the old town (known as the Flecken, meaning “market town”) in the hollow, the settled parts of town lay in the 19th century on the slopes between the Tauchental (dale) and Schlossgasse (or Obergasse – a lane), on the narrow strips of land either side of Lauterstraße (or Untergasse) and on Hauptstraße (“Main Street”, but in an outlying neighbourhood). Worth mentioning are several old buildings in Wolfstein: the Evangelical church (1868, beside the town hall), the Catholic rectory (1845, outside town centre), the Evangelical rectory (1899, outside town centre), the court and prison building (1902/1903, outside town centre) and the former Kurhaus Lautertal (spa hotel, 1862, renovated in 1912, outside town centre).
With the expansion of Wolfstein's inhabited area, the old town's girding, mediaeval wall, which still stood in the early 19th century, had gaps knocked through it and eventually, along with both the town gates and the Bürgerturm (tower), it was torn down altogether.
It was not possible to expand Wolfstein onto lands over on the Lauter's right bank, for stretching for roughly 4 km between Kreimbach and Oberweiler was the village of Roßbach with, as it had then, its five Ortsteile: Stahlhausen, Roßbach (main centre), Mühle, Immetshausen and Kuhbrücker Hübel. The gap between Stahlhausen and the upper village, and the one between Immetshausen and Kuhbrücke, were used for farming. Any building work worthy of note within Roßbach's limits was never to be seen even as late as 1969. The number of houses there, beginning in 1900, hovered around 100.
In 1905, the Bavarian State Government – the Palatinate had belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria since the Congress of Vienna – ordered the cession of the Kuhbrücker Hübel, with its railway station, seven houses on the slope side of Bahnhofsstraße (“Station Street”), seven others on Hefersweilerstraße, a few storage sheds next to the railway and the storehouse of the Consumvereine (“coöperatives”), to the town of Wolfstein. The decisive factor in favour of the amalgamation of this strip of land on both sides of the railway line, which had been opened in 1883, was economic considerations. For the goal of expanding the town's residential area, however, it was quite useless, for the slopes east of the ceded area on the valley floor still belonged to Roßbach. Thus, until the village of Roßbach in der Pfalz along with all its Ortsteile was merged into the town of Wolfstein in 1969, the town's foremost new building area remained the steep slope stretching up the Königsberg west of Hauptstraße (Bundesstraße 270), even after the Second World War (Röther Weg, Steinwiesen, Am Hang, Am Gericht, In der Trift, Bergstraße, Am Kirchpfad). Even this was hemmed in somewhat by the galleries at the chalk mine.
Beginning in 1970, work shifted to what had until recently been a self-administering, neighbouring village, and building began in Roßbach on formerly agricultural lands east of the railway line between Sandfeld (Immetshausen) and Eisenknopf (Schlettweg, Barbarossastraße, Habsburgerstraße, Kurpfalzstraße, Stauferstraße, Wingerstbergstraße, Hahnbach and Sandfeld). By 2000, 78 residential buildings had arisen here, mostly one- and two-family houses. The amalgamation increased Wolfstein's area by 616 ha to 1 377 ha.
Climate
Yearly precipitation in Wolfstein amounts to 729 mm, which falls into the middle third of the precipitation chart for all Germany. At 46% of the German Weather Service's weather stations, lower figures are recorded. The driest month is April. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.4 times what it is in April. Precipitation varies only slightly and is spread extremely evenly over the year. Only at 1% of the weather stations are lower seasonal swings recorded.
History
Antiquity
Archaeological finds from both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age on the Königsberg's and the Selberg's west flank, barrows in the Jungenwald (forest) at the town limits with Aschbach and Lohnweiler that have been explored and many finds of Roman coins with effigies of Roman emperors at the old Celtic settlement, which was once surrounded by a ringwall, on the Kreimberg at the town limit with Kreimbach-Kaulbach (known as the Heidenburg, or “Heathen Castle”) bear witness to the presence of people in what is now Wolfstein in prehistoric times and early historic times. Leading over the ridge of the Königsberg was the “Roman road”, one of the Palatinate's oldest settlement roads. Nevertheless, there was never any Roman settlement within what are now Wolfstein's limits.
Middle Ages
Until 1768, the river Lauter was a border, cleaving today's unified town into the town of Wolfstein on the one side, which was held by Electoral Palatinate, and the village of Roßbach on the other, which lay within territory held by the Dukes of Palatine Zweibrücken. The Reckweilerhof belonged as an either Ducal or Electoral fief to the holdings of the Offenbach am Glan Benedictine Monastery. These three centres, therefore, did not share a common history until that date, and accordingly, they are treated separately for the time up to the 18th century.
Wolfstein
Wolfstein was founded in 1275 on Habsburg King Rudolph I's orders, which called for a “fortified and free” town near his castle, “Woluisstein”, now known as the Alt-Wolfstein (“Old Wolfstein”) ruin. Rudolph forthwith granted the new town the same town rights and freedoms as the town of Speyer. As an “everlasting marketplace”, it was to be a sanctuary for commerce, trade and dealing. The first townsmen and -women came from the surrounding, much older villages.
Only for a few decades did the new town enjoy royal immediacy, whereafter it was passed time and again to and from various territorial lordships as a pledged holding. The almost endless chain of pledgings began as early as 1312 with the town's transfer to the Counts of Sponheim, and only ended in 1673 when the town passed to Electoral Palatinate. The Electoral Palatinate Amt (or Unteramt) of Wolfstein in the Oberamt of Kaiserslautern comprised the two court regions of Katzweiler and “Rothe am Seelberg” (Rothselberg).
Roßbach
The landholders in the Middle Ages (beginning in the 12th century) were the Counts of Veldenz. Far away from their small seat on the Moselle (Veldenz Castle), they owned considerable lands between the Alsenz, the Glan and the Nahe, among which was Honhelden daz ampt (1387), within which lay the settlements in question. Sometime about the middle of the 16th century, the Schultheiß’s seat was moved to Einöllen.
In the early 15th century, the Count’s only daughter (and indeed, only child) and sole heir wed Count Palatine Stephan of Zweibrücken from the House of Wittelsbach. After her father’s death in 1444, the now defunct (for a woman could not inherit the comital title, and there was no male heir) County of Veldenz passed by inheritance to her son, Ludwig I, who now bore the title Duke of Veldenz-Zweibrücken, thereby ushering in a long time of political stability for Roßbach. The village was spared the repeated transfers and pledgings that characterized the neighbouring town’s history at this time.
Reckweilerhof
Throughout the Middle Ages up until the beginning of the 19th century, noble feudal lords granted their vassals this estate for hereditary and proprietary use. The landholders at first were the Waldgraves and Raugraves of Grumbach, then the Counts of Veldenz (1387), and lastly, beginning in 1444, the Dukes of Palatine Zweibrücken, who were at the same time the guardians and patrons of all holdings belonging to the Offenbach Monastery, and (beginning in 1733) the Electors of the Palatinate.
The estate holders’ names from 1514 are known without any gaps in the record. They discharged their hereditary pledge to the monastery, receiving as a reward usage and grazing rights in the “lordly monastery woodlands”, “free lumber and firewood”, the “sheep meadow on the estate’s area as well as the municipal area of the market town of Wolfstein with its own herd of maximally 200 head” (1786).
Modern times
Wolfstein
The Amtskellerei, whose mostly noble Amtskeller were charged with executing princely orders, was to be found at Neu-Wolfstein Castle, and after that was destroyed in 1688 by King Louis XIV’s troops in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession), at a small house beside the old town hall at the foot of the Schlossberg; beginning in 1753 it was at the great building before the outer town gate (today the town hall) built on Elector Karl Theodor’s (1742-1799) orders from Amtsgefällen – Amt taxes. By territorial swap between the Elector and the Duke of Zweibrücken in 1768, the places within the Schultheißerei of Einöllen (Einöllen, Hohenöllen, Tiefenbach, Oberweiler, Roßbach and Sulzhof) passed to Electoral Palatinate and were assigned to the Amt of Wolfstein.
The town’s days as an Electoral Palatinate holding came to an end when French Revolutionary troops occupied the lands on the Rhine’s left bank, including the town itself; by 1801, this territory had been annexed under the terms of the Treaty of Lunéville by the soon to be Napoleonic France. As early as 1797, Wolfstein became, in the course of administrative reform carried out by the French, a cantonal seat in the Arrondissement of Kaiserslautern and the Department of Mont-Tonnerre (or Donnersberg in German). Belonging to the canton were 32 municipalities with 8 mayors and roughly 8,000 inhabitants. The Mairie (“Mayoralty”) of Wolfstein comprised four municipalities with roughly 1,300 inhabitants; in the town itself lived 37 families and 311 persons. In 1814, the French withdrew from the Canton of Wolfstein.
Roßbach
From 1444 to 1768, the villagers of Roßbach were Ducal-Zweibrücken subjects. From this epoch, only a few noteworthy events are recorded:
The Roßbacher Weistum (1544 – a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) reported about yearly meetings of the Gemeinsmannen resident in Roßbach, Imzmannßhausen (about 1250: Ziermannshusen; today: Immetshausen), Melhausen (since vanished), Stohlhaussen (today: Stahlhausen) on Saint Dionysius’s Day (9 October) on the “Dionysiusberg (mountain) near the chapel to the saint, Dionysius” (today: Auf dem Mühlacker). The small house of worship was a chapel of ease in the parish of Tiefenbach, which found itself in the hands of the Order of Saint John from the early 15th century until the Reformation as a donation from the Counts of Veldenz. As early as 1528, Tiefenbach became a Reformed parish. The chapel was used into the 18th century for church services by Reformed worshippers, then also by Lutherans and Catholics. It was torn down in the 19th century, although the surrounding graveyard was still used as such until 1902. In the early 1930s, it was levelled during the building of the memorial square.
The Mühlarzt (“mill doctor”) Adam Silberwäscher from Baumholder built a gristmill with a millrace in 1604 on a “little stream up from the village called Roßbach”; it was the first mill recorded in Roßbach. It was, however, destroyed in the Thirty Years' War.
In 1695, Johannes Schwammbacher built a new gristmill downstream from Roßbach on the Lauter, “where none has ever stood before”. A new centre sprang up around the mill, Bei der Roßbacher Mühle (today: “In Mühlhausen” or “In der Hohl”).
Duke Christian IV of Zweibrücken transferred to Elector Palatine Karl Theodor the Schultheißerei of Einöllen. Five little villages were incorporated into the Unteramt of Wolfstein. The municipality of Roßbach comprised at this time 1,125 Morgen of cropland, 57 Morgen of meadows, 33 Morgen of vineyards, 10 Morgen of gardens and 137 Morgen of forest. Living in the village were 222 people. There were 42 houses, 1 church and 2 schools.
Reckweilerhof
From 1644 to 1788, the estate was run as an hereditary tenancy by the Amtsschultheiß at Odenbach am Glan and his heirs. After feudalism was abolished, the Ducal Württemberg Minister of State Emich Johann von Üxküll bought the estate for 22,500 Gulden. He let the estate in 1796 to Christoph Burckhardt, who transferred the running of the estate to his son Ludwig Karl Friedrich (born 1779). In 1817, Ludwig Burckhardt bought the estate, and ever since, it has been in the family Burckhardt’s ownership. Even today, Ludwig Burchhardt’s descendants, through his son Heinrich, still run the Hotel Reckweilerhof.
These statistics about the Reckweilerhof in the time just before the French Revolution are drawn from the 1786 Güterbestandsaufnahme (“Estate Inventory Record”):
Two-floor manor house; on 1st floor dwelling for “estate people”, on upper floor a spacious dwelling for the “lord of the manor”, three cattle stables, sheepcote for 300 head, a special dwelling for the shepherd, all together and under one roof; then barn, winepress house, vaulted cellar, herdsman’s house, bakehouse and 8 great pigsties; a well laid out seedling nursery.—52 Morgen of meadows, 4 Morgen of vineyards, 474 Morgen of cropfields and 19 Morgen of grazing fields. Estimated worth 22,000 Gulden.
Recent times
Kingdom of Bavaria times
After the new post-Napoleonic order imposed by the Congress of Vienna in 1814, Wolfsteiners became Bavarian nationals, which until 1918 meant the Bavarian king’s subjects; after monarchy was overthrown in 1918, they belonged to the Free State of Bavaria in the days of the Weimar Republic. Only in 1947, after the Second World War, did the Palatinate formally cease to be a Bavarian exclave, whereupon it was incorporated into the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The break with Bavaria was confirmed by referendum on 22 April 1956.
In the “Bavarian Rhine District” (Bayerischer Rheinkreis – that is, the Bavarian Palatinate), Wolfstein was grouped into the Landkommissariat of Kusel (from 1862 Bezirksamt and from 1939 Landratsamt).
To the Canton of Wolfstein in 1817 belonged 33 municipalities. The Bürgermeisterei (“mayoralty”) comprised the town with the Reckweilerhof, the municipalities of Einöllen (until 1900) and Roßbach (until 1905). From 1814 to 1832, the town administration was led by the physician Wilhelm Vogt as Oberbürgermeister.
After the 1849 Palatine Uprising, many people from the town emigrated to the United States. In connection with the 1832 Hambach Festival and the later Palatine Uprising, there is a story: On the republican-liberal citizenry’s side was the 23-year-old tanner’s son Jakob Krieger, who fled to the United States, where he founded a trade and banking company in Louisville. His daughter Amy married the Wolfstein banker Karl Otto Braun. On the other side was the State Procurator General at the court of appeal in Zweibrücken, Wolfstein-born Ludwig Schmitt, Heidelberger Romantik painter Georg Philipp Schmitt’s brother, and also Jakob Krieger’s cousin. Schmitt led the prosecution of the trials against the insurrectionists.
In 1852, the cantons were changed into district municipalities (Distriktgemeinden). On the district councils – 30 municipalities belonged to the Wolfstein district (Distrikt Wolfstein) – farmers held the majority, as the voting rather favoured those who were most heavily taxed. Of the 43 councillors in the Wolfstein district, 35 were farmers.
Monarchy came to an end in Bavaria with the last Bavarian king’s abdication in 1918 (he had reigned since 1913), after the First World War, in which 35 soldiers from Wolfstein and 19 from Roßbach fell.
Weimar Republic and Third Reich (1919-1945)
At the elections for the Weimar National Assembly and the Bavarian Landtag, the Social Democrats (SPD) earned roughly 34% of the vote in Wolfstein, about the same as the German Democratic Party (DDP), while the German People's Party (DVP) earned about 23% and the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) about 9% of the votes cast. By the time of the Reichstag elections in 1924, though, the SPD’s share of the vote had sunk to 9%, while the Nationale Rechte earned 34%, the Communists (KPD) 4%, the Völkischer Block 30%, the BVP 12% and the Freiwirtschaftsbund 11%. The 1930 Reichstag elections brought the “Hitler Movement” (NSDAP) 54% in Wolfstein (279 votes), the SPD 13% (68 votes), the Centre Party 4% (25 votes), the KPD 3% (18 votes), the DVP 4% (21 votes), the Wirtschaftspartei 15% (78 votes) and splinter parties 6% (27 votes). At the first town council election after the Nazis seized power in Germany (21 April 1933), the NSDAP won 8 of the 10 seats, and in the same year, town council bestowed honorary citizenship upon President Paul von Hindenburg, Reichskanzler – he did not yet bear the title Führer – Adolf Hitler and Reichsstatthalter Franz Ritter von Epp; the same honour was awarded to the local poet Pauline König.
On the Roßbach municipal council, too, the Nazis won a majority. Public servants such as police officials, municipal officials, field and forest rangers and the chief of waterworks were replaced with men who were true to the National Socialist ideology. The Party and its many organizations more and more came to define the town’s economic and cultural life. Thus, in 1933, the local singing clubs were merged into the “Westmark” singers’ association, the chamber of commerce, which had been founded in 1899, was dissolved in 1934 “under approval of all present” and the local Jugendleite (secular coming-of-age ceremony) was held on Confirmation Day, causing 189 people to leave their religious community. The town, which 100 years earlier had been associated with the struggle for democracy, was now welcoming, with a majority among its population, Nazi dictatorship. Once the Nazis’ goals had become manifest, however, it was too late to turn back. Wolfstein was largely spared any material destruction in the Second World War; however, the human toll was quite heavy: on Wolfstein’s war memorial to the fallen, built in 1930 at Neu-Wolfstein castle, a further 100 names now had to be chiselled; over in Roßbach, the 1931 war memorial bore 44 new names after the war.
Since 1945
Beginning in 1947, Wolfstein was part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. On 7 June 1969, the until then self-administering municipality of Roßbach in der Pfalz was merged into the town of Wolfstein. Since 1971, the town has been the administrative seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Wolfstein.
Population development
Living in Wolfstein about 1600, according to the townsmen’s register in the Stattbuch (“town book”), which was begun in 1599, were some 150 people in 36 households. In 1618, there were 50 families with some 200 persons, but this is estimated to have dropped to only 50 inhabitants by the time the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) ended. The 1618 population level was once again reached in 1684. Thereafter, the population figures kept rising. No records of Roßbach's population from the 17th century are available. In 1885 – only “present” persons were counted, while soldiers and the wandering musicians for which the region was then famous were left out of the total – there were 471 inhabitants (95 houses, no rented dwellings, no multi-family houses with separated living areas; occupancy per dwelling 4.95 persons). In 1900, there were 577 inhabitants (Kuhbrücke 78, Immetshausen 55, Roßbach main centre 381, Stahlhausen 63). In 1905, after the Kuhbrücke had been transferred to Wolfstein, there were 489 inhabitants. In 1918 there were 466 in 100 dwellings. In 1925, there were 504 in 98 houses. In 1933, there were 483 and in 1939, 515 (263 male and 252 female). In 1969, just before amalgamation with Wolfstein, there were 541 inhabitants.
The following table shows population development over the centuries for Wolfstein, with some figures broken down by religious denomination:
The two separate figures for 1969 indicate numbers before and after Roßbach's amalgamation. The figures for Roßbach itself before amalgamation are as follows:
*42 households
Town’s name
The name “Wolfstein” has appeared in many different spellings over the ages: Woluisstein (1275), Wolffestein (1387), Wolffstein (1438), Wolfsstein (1477), Wolfstein (1824). Also, in the local dialectal speech, the town is called Wolschde.
The name “Roßbach” has likewise undergone spelling changes: Ruosbach (1024), Roßbach or Ruspach (1544), Roßbach (1558). In the local dialectal speech, the village is called Roschbach.
The name “Reckweilerhof” has undergone some more pronounced changes: Regewilre (1200), Reckweiler (1509), Rögswiller or Röchswiller (1600), Reckweylerhof (1777/1778), Röckweilerhof (1917) and now Reckweilerhof, or in the local dialectal speech, Reckwillerhof.
Religion
Before the Reformation, Wolfstein belonged to the parish of Zweikirchen, whereas Roßbach belonged to the parish of Tiefenbach. Only about the middle of the 15th century did Wolfstein get its own church in the town centre (on Wassergasse). This church, called St. Georg (“Saint George’s”), was the successor to the like-named chapel at Neu-Wolfstein Castle, where church services had been held until then.
As early as 1528, Tiefenbach became a Reformed parish with chapels of ease in Roßbach and Einöllen. After the rectory in Tiefenbach was destroyed, the parish seat was moved to Einöllen in 1670. In 1704, for the whole parish of Einöllen, a Lutheran parish came into being with its seat at Roßbach. Adding to the mixture after Duke Gustav Samuel Leopold's conversion (reigned 1718-1731) to Catholicism were a small number of Catholics, and thereafter, believers in the Reformed, Lutheran and Catholic faiths all lived in this town, not always without problems, although there was mutual tolerance. In 2012, the Catholics, who had until now been served by their own priest, were merged into the parish of Lauterecken.
Arising in Wolfstein about the middle of the 16th century, under the pledge-lords Schwickard von Sickingen's (1549-1562) and Georg Johannes I's (Palatinate-Veldenz, 1543-1592) influence, were a Reformed community and a Lutheran one alongside each other. The former belonged (along with Kreimbach, Rothselberg and Rutsweiler) to the parish of Zweikirchen with the chapel of ease on Wassergasse while the latter, to avoid disputes with the former, established its own chapel in Wolfstein. The clergyman's seat changed between Wolfstein, Roßbach and Eßweiler. This chapel was, on the occasion of the union of the Reformed and Lutheran faiths, sold in 1818, and the proceeds were used to build a rectory (Haus Adam, 1822).
After the ecclesiastical merger, the Protestant parish seat was moved from Zweikirchen to Wolfstein in 1823. Wolfstein thereby became the mother-church centre while Zweikirchen and Rutsweiler became branches. Roßbach belonged until 1844 to the parish of Einöllen, when it passed to Wolfstein. Between 1866 and 1868, the Evangelical church, which still stands now, was built. Today, the Protestant parish of Wolfstein comprises the mother-church centre of Wolfstein along with the Reckweilerhof and the branches of Rutsweiler an der Lauter with Selbachmühle and Oberweiler-Tiefenbach.
From the late 17th century, the Catholic parish of Wolfstein grew into a broad, scattered community taking in the villages of Rutsweiler, Kreimbach, Kaulbach, Olsbrücken, Neumühle, Katzweiler, Hirschhorn, Obersulzbach, Untersulzbach, Tiefenbach, Oberweiler and Roßbach, with all together 381 souls. For church services, they used the old Saint George's Chapel at the castle, and from time to time, in simultaneum, the Reformed church on Wassergasse. In 1776 they acquired the newly built, stylistically pleasing Baroque church on Obergasse.
Today (2000), the Catholic parish comprises Kaulbach (with a chapel of ease), Kreimbach, Roßbach, Rutsweiler an der Lauter, Rothselberg, Eßweiler, Schneeweiderhof, Oberweiler im Tal, Aschbach, Reckweilerhof and Oberweiler-Tiefenbach, with all together roughly 900 souls, half of whom live in Wolfstein/Roßbach.
The denominational shares of the population in Wolfstein in 1802 were as follows: roughly 66% Reformed, 22% Lutheran, 12% Catholic. In 2000 the figures were as follows: roughly 20.9% Catholic, 65.2% Protestant, 13.9% other.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the Pfälzischer Verein für Innere Mission (“Palatine Association for Inner Mission”) established itself in Roßbach; since 1995 this has been the Evangelischer Gemeinschaftsverband e.V. (“Evangelical Community League”), which is now joined with the Evangelischer Gnadauer Gemeinschaftsverband e.V. (“Evangelical Gnadau Community League”) and is a member of the Diakonisches Werk of the Palatinate. As early as 1898, the members built themselves their own “clubhouse” with a meeting room and a dwelling for the (itinerant) preacher that the club hired and his family. Belonging to the broad missionary region are Bosenbach, Frankelbach, Hefersweiler, Hirschhorn (with its own mission hall), Lauterecken, Morbach, Niederkirchen, Olsbrücken, Reipoltskirchen, Relsberg, Seelen and Wörsbach.
Politics
Town council
The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
“FWG” is a voters’ group.
Mayor
Wolfstein's mayor is Herwart Dilly, and his deputies are Paul Schmelzer, Gerhard Spaugschuss and Christian Nickel.
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: .
The town's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Or a wolf rampant sable armed and langued gules supporting a cramp of the last, between his head and tail three lozenges per chevron reversed of the last.
Town partnerships
Wolfstein fosters partnerships with the following places:
Verdun-sur-le-Doubs, Saône-et-Loire (Burgundy), France since 2000
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Wolfstein (main centre)
Saint Philip’s and Saint James’s Catholic Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Philippus und Jakobus), Schloßgasse 16 – aisleless church with half-hipped roof and onion tower, 1774–1776
Town centre, Am Ring, Enggasse, Im Eck, Mühlgasse, Schlossgasse (monumental zone) – enclosed-construction area within the former town wall, of which bits at the millrace and behind the building at Im Eck 11 are preserved; built-up area mainly from the 19th century with individual timber-frame houses, which go back as far as the 16th century, former Lutheran chapel (Im Eck 3/5), former Protestant rectory (Am Ring 6), former Catholic rectory (Am Ring 10), former town mill (Am Ring 24), former dyer’s house (Am Ring 8)
Protestant parish church, Am Ring 1 – Gothic Revival aisleless church, 1866–1868, architects Ferdinand Beyschlag, August von Voit, (1835), Emil Morgens, Kaiserslautern; Late Gothic Sacrament house
Alt-Wolfstein castle ruin (monumental zone) – hill castle, possibly about 1160/1170 founded by Frederick I Barbarossa, destroyed in 1504; ward and outer castle, neck ditch, keep, partly shrouded, wall remnants of the dwelling building, remnants of a gate complex
Alt-Wolfstein castle ruin (monumental zone) – outer walls of the spur complex, only outer walls preserved; begun between 1313 and 1323, destroyed in 1688 and 1713; warriors’ memorial 1930
Am Horst, graveyard – graveyard hall at the graveyard dating from 1612; wooden construction with hipped roof, renovation 1876; two epitaphs, 1613 and 1735
Am Ring 6a, Mühlgasse 1 – timber-frame house, partly solid, 17th century, in the back timber-frame workshop building; characterizes town's appearance
Am Ring 11 – former town hall; middle building, partly timber-frame, 1581, three-floor front building with two timber-frame upper floors, 1590, walkway arcade closed in 1811; in the back dance hall, 1608 or 1689
Am Ring 24 – Alte Stadtmühle (“Old Town Mill”); four-floor mill building, 1888, former bakehouse, commercial building; wedge-shaped, three-floor house, Swiss chalet style, 1909; characterizes street's appearance
Near Am Ring 52 – hall of mirrors, Baroque Revival, 1903
Bahnhofstraße 3 – bungalow, plastered building on stone-block pedestal, about 1903
Bahnhofstraße 16 – railway station; hewn-stone-framed stone-block building, goods shed, 1882, dispatcher's signal box with original safety technology, 1938
Hauptstraße 2 – former Amtskellerei (see above under Modern times); today the town hall, spacious Late Baroque building with half-hipped roof, 1753, architect Heinrich Heyler; vaulted cellar
Hauptstraße 28/30 – former Amt court; hewn-stone-framed sandstone-block building, Renaissance Revival, 1900; belonging thereto no. 30 prison: three-floor stone-block building, hipped roof, 1901
Hauptstraße 48 – chalk mine; underground chalk mine of the firm Otto Kappel, in operation from 1880 to 1967, since 1980 open to the public as an attraction (see also below)
Rathausplatz 2 – former school; sophisticated plastered building on pedestal, gable risalto, 1890/1891, architect embanking and section engineer Weil, Bamberg
Reckweilerhof
Reckweilerhof 9 and 11 – former Reckweilerhof estate; Quereinhaus (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), marked 1752; dovecote, possibly from the late 18th century; armorial stone, marked 1602; silage shed, about 1930
Roßbach
In Mühlhausen 2/4 – Rossbacher Mühle (mill); three-floor quarrystone building, 1871, on old core (1695); so-called Altes Haus (“Old House”): one-floor complex with single roof ridge, partly timber-frame
Warriors’ memorial (monumental zone) – warriors’ memorial on the site of the earlier Saint Dionysius's Chapel (Dionysiuskapelle) and surrounding graveyard on the Dionysiusberg, stone architecture, 1931 by Karl Koch
Chalk mine
One witness to the town's industrial past is the Historische Besichtigungs-Kalkbergwerk (“Historic Visitable Chalk Mine”) in Wolfstein. A mine railway leads the visitor, with knowledgeable guidance, into the chalk mine at the Königsberg, where until 1967 chalk blocks were quarried underground and processed in town. All apparatus is still on hand in its original form. The chalk mine is held to be an industrial monument of special rank, and is unique in Germany.
Sport and leisure
Signposted paths open the Königsberg and its environs to the hiker. The Glan-Lautertal-Höhenweg, part of the Großer Westpfalzwanderweg (“Great West Palatinate Hiking Trail”) leads through the town's municipal area. Hiking destinations of particular note are the Laufhauser Weiher (pond), the Neu-Wolfstein and Alt-Wolfstein castle ruins, the Eisenknopf (peak) with its pavilion, the Zweikirche, the Heidenburg (“Heathen Castle”) on the Kreimberg, the Selberg (545 m above sea level) with its lookout tower and the gliderport near Eßweiler. Worth seeing in the town itself are the inn “Zur Alten Schenke”, which from 1590 to 1753 was the town hall, today's town hall, the former Amtskellerei, which was once an administrative centre, the Schlossplatz (“Castle Square”) with its Musikantenbrunnen, a fountain celebrating the local tradition of the Musikanten (see the Hinzweiler article – sections History and Famous people – for more about this), the remodelled Schlossgasse (“Castle Lane”) with its Eulenbrunnen (“Owl Fountain”) and the remodelling area around the Alte Mühle (“Old Mill”, on Mühlgasse).
The 112-kilometre-long Palatine Ridgeway (hiking trail) leads from Winnweiler by way of Rockenhausen to Wolfstein.
The Sport- und Freizeit-Center Königsland has games, sport and swimming with sporting grounds and a heated outdoor swimming pool. Other sporting facilities in Wolfstein are riding halls and other equestrian facilities (CJD), shooting facilities, tennis courts and a fistball court, among yet others.
Regular events
Whitsun:
Open-air theatre performance
Fireworks
Maikur (forest hike on Whit Monday)
Wolfsteiner Stadtfest, town festival before beginning of summer holidays, every other year, alternating with the next
Feuerwehrfest (“Fire Brigade Festival”), every other year, alternating with the foregoing
Herbstmarkt (“Autumn Festival”) in October
Roßbacher Zeltkerwe (“tent fair”) in August
Weihnachtsmarkt (“Christmas Market”), Saturday before the first day of Advent
Reitertage (“Riders’ Days”) held by the CJD of national importance, last weekend in June
Clubs
Of the 26 clubs in town at the turn of the 20th century, those worthy of mention are:
Musiker-Unterstützungsverein (“Musician Support Club”), for musicians who were ill or otherwise unable to work
Johannis-Verein, for people unable to work
Kriegerverein (“Warriors’ Club”), for supporting sick veterans and their families
Liberaler Verein (“Liberal Club”), for the promotion of national and liberal politics
Deutscher Flottenverein (Navy League)
Radfahrerverein (cycling)
Ziegenzuchtverein (goat breeding)
Today there are 25 clubs in town, the oldest of which is the Männergesangsverein 1858 e.V., a men's singing club. Roßbach's oldest club is the gymnastic club (Turnverein), founded in 1924.
Economy and infrastructure
Economic structure
In Electoral Palatinate times, handicrafts and smallhold agriculture defined the town's economic structure. The greater part of Wolfstein's inhabitants lived in poverty. In the late 18th century, improvement came with the mining of cinnabar-bearing stone that yielded quicksilver on the Princely-Electoral side of the Königsberg, a pursuit promoted by Prince-Elector Karl Theodor. Under the leadership brought by experienced professionals who had come to town, this mining reached its highest point between 1770 and 1790. Nevertheless, the mining lasted no longer than 30 years before coming to a complete end in the 19th century, with destitution and hardship as the upshot for the now jobless miners and their families.
While it was true that new ventures arose in the 19th century through Wolfstein citizens’ initiatives, such as chalk mining, coalmining, tanning, brewing, linen and cotton article manufacturing, bricks, and so on, these fell far short of employing everybody who sought a job. Thus, out of the need for a livelihood arose the Musikant business, not only in Wolfstein but also in many of the outlying villages. For a time, more than 750 professional musicians from the Canton of Wolfstein tried their luck “on the world’s roads”, in circus orchestras, on Siberian noblemen's estates, aboard pleasure boats and elsewhere. Within what is now the Verbandsgemeinde of Wolfstein, all together roughly 3,500 people were active as Musikanten.
In the early 20th century, the economic situation generally improved: for one thing, the Lauter Valley Railway (Lautertalbahn), which had been opened in 1883, made it possible for workers to commute to the nearby quarries or to jobs in Kaiserslautern, and for another, new commercial establishments in Wolfstein and across the river in Roßbach offered earning potential. These included the Pfälzische Schwerspatwerke Braun, Krieger u. Cie. (1902-1950; baryte works), the Pfälzische Bandagenfabrik Karl Otto Braun (1903; forerunner of Karl Otto Braun KG; bandages), the Zigarrenfabrik Felsenthal u. Co. (1910-late 1920s; cigars), the Industriewerke Roßbach and the Kort brothers’ brush factory (1896-1923). Likewise of importance, as early as the 19th century, was the family Martin's pottery business.
Currently, the greater part of Wolfstein's inhabitants work in the secondary sector of the economy (all figures are rounded): 1,200 persons, or 67% of the workforce, of whom 1,030 employees and 60 trainees are at KOB KG alone, Europe’s biggest bandage factory, which recently gave up part of its independence to coöperate with the biggest distributor of bandage material, Paul Hartmann AG. Only 240 employees actually live in Wolfstein. Most of the commuters who come to town come from places around the Königsberg, which speaks to the factory’s importance to the “Königsland” region's economic situation.
Working in the tertiary sector of the economy are 600 persons, of whom 330 persons, or 19% of the workforce, are in “not-for-profit organizations” (CJD, Verbandsgemeinde and town administration, ecclesiastical institutions, schools), 80 persons, or 4%, are in trade, credit business or transport and 180 persons, or 10%, are in other fields (senior citizens’ homes, hospitality, healthcare, etc.).
The share of workers in agriculture and forestry in the agrarian community of Roßbach in 1949 was still 46%. There were 84 operations, 28 of them full-time, but with relatively small working areas (all under 20 ha) and widely scattered plots of land.
In the town itself, farming, somewhat limited by the steep slopes and the lean soils, always played a subordinate role. Now, however, even the outlying centre of Roßbach is purely residential, although some 90 ha of its cropland and meadowland is worked by the CJD. The last full-time farming operation within Wolfstein's limits is run by the family Sonn at the Reckweilerhof.
Education
Schools
Information about schools in Wolfstein and Roßbach up until the early 18th century is full of gaps. It is known, however, that given the town's denominational makeup, with Reformed, Lutheran and Catholic believers, there were three denominational schools, one for each denomination. After the unification of the Reformed and Lutheran churches, and as a result of the swelling population, the class at the Protestant school was for a while more than 100-strong, all of whom had to be schooled in the little one-room schoolhouse next to the Reformed church. In response, Wolfstein acquired a building before the town gates in 1823, and converted it into a schoolhouse with two classrooms, and also two dwellings, one for the Protestant teacher and the other for the Catholic teacher. Also attending Catholic classes were Catholic children from Kaulbach, Rutsweiler, Roßbach and Oberweiler-Tiefenbach. About the middle of the 19th century, a Protestant teaching assistant was hired who took over classed for the girls in the then existing six school age groups. For the Catholic children, a third classroom was set up in the loft.
After the introduction of the 7th school year in 1856, the number of pupils grew to more than 200, bringing about the founding of a three-class “simultaneous” municipal school at which pupils were divided into three groups, lower (1st and 2nd year), middle (3rd and 4th year) and upper (5th to 7th year), and thereafter, Wolfstein's Catholic and Protestant schoolchildren learnt their lessons together. In 1892, a new schoolhouse with four classrooms next to the Protestant church was dedicated. In 1928, the eighth school year was introduced. Until the same was introduced over in Roßbach (once the new schoolhouse there had been opened), eighth-year pupils from Roßbach had to attend classes in Wolfstein.
The Roßbachers built a schoolhouse in the village centre in 1825, and until 1871, both Catholic and Protestant schoolchildren attended classes there given by one teacher in one room. Once the school had been expanded that year with the addition of a second classroom and a second teacher's dwelling, the two denominations were separated, although given the unbalanced numbers, first-year Protestant schoolchildren were assigned to the Catholic school. The two denominational schools were converted into a two-class “German Christian Communal School” in 1933, which in 1937 moved to a new schoolhouse “Auf dem Mühlacker” (“At the Mill Field”), which for the time was quite modern and extensively equipped.
Beginning in the 1962/1963 school year, all seventh- and eighth-year pupils from Roßbach, Rutsweiler, Kreimbach, Kaulbach, Frankelbach and Oberweiler-Tiefenbach were taught in grade-level-differentiated classes in Wolfstein, which led to great difficulties in allocating room for everybody. This was solved in 1965 with the move to the Volksschulhaus, said to be the “moment of the birth of the Mittelpunktschule (“midpoint school”, a central school, designed to eliminate smaller outlying schools) on the Königsberg”. Brought together here, beginning in the 1990/1991 school year, were all fifth- to tenth-year classes from 14 villages in the Verbandsgemeinde feeder area.
Currently serving the town's needs are Grundschule Wolfstein (primary school; feeder area: Aschbach, Einöllen, Kreimbach-Kaulbach, Oberweiler-Tiefenbach, Relsberg, Rutsweiler, Wolfstein) and, since 1998, the Regionalschule and (with some classes being phased out) the Hauptschule (feeder area: the Verbandsgemeinde).
Wolfstein's old schoolhouse was for a time used by BASF, the chamber of commerce and the CJD. It is foreseen that it will become the town museum and library, while Roßbach's old schoolhouse has already become a village community centre.
Higher learning
The Christliches Jugenddorf Wolfstein (CJD; founded in 1972) is a member if the Diakonisches Werk der Pfalz (a Christian youth charity) and is one of the institutions of professional training and clinical social work of the Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands (likewise abbreviated CJD). In their vocational preparation year, boys and girls aged 14 to 16 who have no Hauptschulabschluss are taken towards the professional training level. In the CJD's own workshops and external businesses, the CJD leads to a qualification in one of 15 different occupations in the industrial-technical, agricultural, gastronomical and sales fields. While in the Jugenddorf (“Youth Village”), a broad spectrum of tended lodgings is available to the youths. The administrative seat is the former town mill.
The Wolfstein branch location of the Kusel district folk high school offers courses for further training in data processing, applied data processing, foreign languages, fibre craft, cooking and many more.
Transport
Road
Running through Wolfstein is its main traffic artery, Bundesstraße 270, which leads from Pirmasens by way of Kaiserslautern (interchange with the Autobahn A 6 Saarbrücken–Mannheim) and Lauterecken (interchange with Bundesstraße 420) to Fischbach/Kirn (Nahe valley, interchange with Bundesstraße 41). The B 270 bypass road was opened to traffic after just under five years of construction on 17 November 2006.
The quickest road link to the district seat of Kusel goes by way of Rothselberg, Jettenbach and Altenglan (Landesstraße 370, 23.6 km). Running from the Reckweilerhof is Landesstraße 368 by way of Aschbach and other places in the heights and on into the Glan valley (Glanbrücken). From the Kuhbrücker Hübel, Landesstraße 384 (“Hefersweiler Straße”) opens the way to the places in the dales and in the heights around the Donnersberg.
Rail
Wolfstein also lies on the Lauter Valley Railway (Lautertalbahn), a single-tracked, 34-kilometre-long railway that links Wolfstein to Kaiserslautern Central Station and the Mannheim/Ludwigshafen – Saarbrücken long-distance services available there, as well as the local rail travel within the Palatinate. In the local town area, trains stop at Roßbach (Friedhof), Wolfstein (Bahnhof) and Reckweilerhof.
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Friedrich Jakob Sander (1809–1876), musical instrument builder
Franz Schmitt (1816–1891), painter
Ernst Krieger (1867–1943), chess compositor
Pauline König (1868–1938), Palatine “homeland poet”, honorary citizen of Wolfstein.
Fritz Zolnhofer (1896–1965), painter
Friedrich Jossé (1897–1994), painter and graphic artist
References
External links
Town’s official webpage
Region Königsland (VG Wolfstein)
Visitable mine with mine railway and outdoor wine tasting
Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Kusel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfstein%2C%20Rhineland-Palatinate |
Bollschweil Priory was a Cluniac monastery of nuns at Bollschweil (formerly Bolesweiler) in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
It was founded by Saint Ulrich of Zell in or after 1087 to complement the monastery he had founded for monks at Grüningen, later moved to Zell. The priory was moved to nearby Sölden in 1115, probably due to the unsuitability of the site, after which time the monastic community became known as Sölden Priory.
See also
Sölden Priory
Abbey of Cluny
References
Cluniac nunneries
Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg
Cluniac monasteries in Germany
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
Religious organizations established in the 1080s
11th-century establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Buildings and structures in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollschweil%20Priory |
Wigtown is a lieutenancy area in south-west Scotland and a committee area of Dumfries and Galloway Council. From 1975 until 1996 it was also a local government district. It closely resembles the historic county of Wigtownshire, covering the whole area of that county but also including the two parishes of Kirkmabreck and Minnigaff from the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire.
History
Wigtown district was created on 16 May 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which established a two-tier structure of local government across Scotland comprising upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. Wigtown district was one of four districts created within the region of Dumfries and Galloway. The district covered all of the former administrative county of Wigtownshire plus the parishes of Kirkmabreck and Minnigaff from Kirkcudbrightshire. The 1973 Act named the new district as "Merrick" after the mountain which formed the new district's highest point, but the name was changed to Wigtown prior to the new system coming into force in 1975.
For lieutenancy purposes, the last lord-lieutenant of the county of Wigtownshire was made lord-lieutenant for the new Wigtown district when it came into effect in 1975.
Further local government reform in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 saw the four districts of Dumfries and Galloway abolished, with Dumfries and Galloway Council taking over their functions. The council continues to use the former Wigtown district as an area committee, alongside committees for the other three abolished districts of Annandale and Eskdale, Nithsdale, and Stewartry. The area of the former district also continues to be used for lieutenancy purposes as the Wigtown lieutenancy area.
Political control
The first election to the district council was held in 1974, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until it came into its powers on 16 May 1975. Throughout the council's existence a majority of the seats were held by independents:
Premises
Wigtown District Council was based at Ashwood House on Sun Street in Stranraer, which had been the main offices of the former Wigtownshire County Council prior to 1975. After the council's abolition in 1996 the building became an area office of Dumfries and Galloway Council.
See also
Wigtownshire
Lord Lieutenant of Wigtown
References
Committee areas of Dumfries and Galloway
Lieutenancy areas of Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigtown%20Area |
Hisham's Palace ( ), also known as Khirbat al-Mafjar (), is an important early Islamic archaeological site in the Palestinian city of Jericho, in the West Bank. Built by the Umayyad dynasty in the first half of the 8th century, it is one of the so-called Umayyad desert castles. It is located 3 km north of Jericho's city center, in an area governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA).
Spreading over , the site consists of three main parts: a palace, an ornate bath complex, and an agricultural estate. Also associated with the site is a large park or agricultural enclosure (ḥayr) which extends east of the palace. The entire complex - palace, baths, and farm - was connected by an elaborate water system to nearby springs.
Excavation history
The site was discovered in 1873. The northern area of the site was noted, but not excavated, in 1894 by F. J. Bliss, but the major source of archaeological information comes from the excavations of Palestinian archaeologist, Dimitri Baramki between 1934 and 1948. In 1959 Baramki's colleague, colonial administrator for the British Mandate government Robert Hamilton, published the major work on Hisham's Palace, Khirbat al-Mafjar: An Arabian Mansion in the Jordanian Valley. Baramki's archaeological research is unfortunately absent from this volume, and as such, Hamilton's analysis is exclusively art historical. Baramki's research on the archaeological aspects of the site, particularly the ceramics, was published in various preliminary reports and articles in the Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine. Many of the finds from Baramki and Hamilton's excavations are now held in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.
In 2006, new excavations were carried out under the direction of Dr. Hamdan Taha of the Palestinian National Authority's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Current research is being conducted by the Jericho Mafjar Project, a collaboration between the ministry and archaeologists from the University of Chicago.
In 2015, an agreement was signed between the Palestinian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and the Japan International Cooperation Agency to enable the mosaic in the palace, one of the largest in the world, to be uncovered and readied for display.
History
It is difficult to establish a secure historical framework for Hisham's Palace. No textual sources reference the site, and archaeological excavations are the only source of further information. An ostracon bearing the name "Hisham" was found during the course of Baramki's excavations. This was interpreted as evidence for the site's construction during the reign of the caliph Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik. Robert Hamilton subsequently argued that the palace was a residence of al-Walid ibn Yazid, a nephew of Hisham who was famous for his extravagant lifestyle. Archaeologically it is certain that the site is a product of the Umayyad dynasty in the first half of the 8th century, although the specifics of its patronage and use remain unknown.
As an archaeological site, Hisham's Palace belongs to the category of desert castles. These are a collection of monuments dating to the Umayyad dynasty and found throughout Syria, Jordan, Israel, and the West Bank. Although there is great variation in the size, location, and presumed function of these different sites, they can be connected to the patronage of different figures in the Umayyad ruling family. Some of the desert castles, for example Qasr Hallabat or Qasr Burqu, represent Islamic occupations of earlier Roman or Ghassanid structures. Other sites like Qastal, Qasr Azraq, or al-Muwaqqar are associated with trade routes and scarce water resources. With a few exceptions, the desert castles conform to a common template consisting of a square palace similar to Roman forts, a bath house, water reservoir or dam, and often an agricultural enclosure. Various interpretations for the desert castles exist, and it is unlikely that one single theory can explain the variety observed in the archaeological record.
The site is commonly thought to have been destroyed during the earthquake of 749 and then abandoned, but an analysis of Baramki's detailed reporting shows that this is incorrect. Instead the ceramic record indicates that the occupation continued through the Ayyubid-Mamluk period, with a significant phase of occupation between 900 and 1000 during the Abbasid and Fatimid periods. Further excavations will no doubt contribute to a more detailed picture of the site's continued use through different periods. A 2013 geological investigation of the site suggest the palace was destroyed by the later earthquake of 1033. Evidence of faulting and damage corresponded to a more severe earthquake than that of 749.
Architecture
The palace, bath complex, and external mosque are enclosed by a retaining wall. The southern gate was known from Baramki's excavations, but the recent discovery of a northern gate in alignment indicates that the development of Hisham's Palace was conceived of as a complete unit to be constructed at once.
Palace
The largest building at the site is the palace, a roughly square building with round towers at the corners. It originally had two stories. Entrance was through a gate on the center of the east side. The inner rooms were aligned around a central paved portico (riwaq), which featured an underground cellar or sirdab (basement; elsewhere also underground corridor or tunnel), for refuge from the heat. The room to the south of the portico was a mosque with a mihrab built into the outer wall.
Outer pavilion and mosque
In the courtyard east of the palace-and-baths complex was a pavilion containing a monumental fountain. A second, larger mosque was located inside the complex, north of the palace gateway.
Bath complex
The bath complex is located just north of the palace across an open area. This free-standing structure is almost 30 meters square, more precisely , and three of its sides feature round exedrae which project out from the building, three each to the south and west, and two to the east. The east face of the bath had an ornate entrance in its center, flanked by exedrae. Along much of the southern side of the main, square hall is a pool. The interior floor surface of the bath complex was paved with spectacular mosaic decoration. A special reception room, or diwan, was entered from the northwest corner. The floor of this room is paved with the famous "tree of life" mosaic, depicting a lion and gazelles at the foot of a tree.
The actual bathing rooms were attached to the northern wall of the complex, and were heated from below the floor by hypocausts.
Agricultural annex
To the north of the bath complex are the ruins of a large square structure which has clearly gone through many phases of reuse and reconstruction. This part of the site was initially assumed to be a khan or caravanserai, but recent excavations have indicated that the northern area had an agricultural function connected to the hayr or agricultural enclosure during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods.
Photo gallery
Decorative elements
The decorative elements at Hisham's Palace are some of the finest representations of Umayyad period art and are well documented in the publications of Robert Hamilton.
Mosaics
The floor of the main bathing hall is covered with colorful geometric mosaics, at the center of which is a large kaleidoscope design. The enormous mosaic is divided into 25 square bays that are separated by pier clusters. A large variety of geometric designs cover the floor, which are rarely repeated. The colors used are primarily blue, red, green, yellow, and orange. After years of restoration funded by Japan, the mosaic covering , one of the largest floor mosaics in the world, with more than five million distinctive pieces of stone from Palestine, was unveiled in October 2021. This floor mosaic is one of the largest that has survived from the ancient world.
The most famous mosaic at the site is the "Tree of Life" mosaic in the diwan, or the private audience room, located in the northwestern corner of the main bathing hall. The semi-circle pavement mosaic depicts a fruiting tree with two unknowing gazelles on the left side and a lion attacking another gazelle on the right side. It is a popular design throughout Islamic history in places like Northern Syria and Transjordan, and has been a popular topic of conversation as there are numerous theories related to its meaning. One idea is that the mosaic represents the peace that the caliph brought with his military prowess. Another idea stems from the border of the mosaic, which resembles the tassels of a curtain or drape. During the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid periods, court accounts recall that the caliphs sat behind curtains from where they appeared at specified moments in various rituals. The tassels that border the "Tree of Life" mosaic may suggest that the scene of the lion and gazelles should be understood through a lense of intimacy.
All of the mosaics found at Hisham's Palace are of very high quality and feature a wide variety of colors and figural motifs.
Carved stucco
The carved stucco found at the site is also of exceptional quality. Of particular note is the statue depicting a male figure with a sword, often presumed to be the caliph, which stood in a niche above the entrance to the bath hall. Additional male and female figures carved in stucco, some semi-nude, adorn the bath complex. Geometric and vegetal patterns are also quite common.
While Hamilton described the carvings at Hisham's Palace as amateurish and chaotic, many subsequent art historians have noted similarities with Iranian themes. Hana Taragan has argued that the artistic themes seen at the site are Levantine examples of an Islamic visual language of power that coalesced from Sasanian influences in Iraq. Priscilla Soucek has also drawn attention to the site's representation of the Islamic myth of Solomon.
Photo gallery
Conservation
According to Global Heritage Fund (GHF), the rapid urban development of Jericho, as well as expansion of agricultural activity in the area, are limiting archaeologists' access to the site, much of which remain unexplored. Conservation efforts aimed at protecting important structures have been hindered by lack of resources. In a 2010 report titled Saving Our Vanishing Heritage, GHF identified Hisham's Palace as one of 12 worldwide heritage sites most "On the Verge" of irreparable loss and destruction. H. Taha, director of antiquities has published reports concerning the preservation of this and other sites in the Jericho region.
In 2021, the restoration of the bath complex's 835-square-meter mosaic floor was completed, at a cost of 12 million USD and with Japanese funding, with a dome-shaped shelter protecting the mosaics, which was designed and executed by a Japanese architecture office. The mosaics can be admired from walkways suspended over the floor.
Tourism
Hisham's Palace is one of the most important Islamic monuments in Palestine, and is a major attraction for both visitors and Palestinians. In 2010, according to figures collected by the Palestinian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, the site received 43,455 visitors. The site is a common field trip destination for Palestinian schoolchildren. Foreign visitors who enter Palestine through the nearby Allenby Bridge often make Hisham's Palace their first stop. The site has been visited by foreign dignitaries, and was the set for a production of Shakespeare's Richard II in 2012.
Since 2021, the mosaic floor of the bath complex has been opened to the public after the completion of restoration and preservation work and the building of a shelter provided with walkways placed above the floor.
See also
Desert castles
History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
References
Further reading
Baer, Eva. "Khirbat al-Mafjar." Encyclopaedia of Islam 2nd ed.
Bliss, F.J. (1894) "Notes on the Plain of Jericho." Palestinian Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement. 175–183.
Bacharach, Jere. (1996) "Marwanid Umayyad Building Activities: Speculations on Patronage." Muqarnas Vol. 13: 27–44.
Hamilton, Robert W. (1959) Khirbat al-Mafjar: An Arabian Mansion in the Jordan Valley Oxford: Oxford UP.
Hamilton, Robert W. (1988) Walid and his Friends: An Umayyad Tragedy Oxford: Oxford UP.
Soucek, Priscilla. (1993) "Solomon's Throne/Solomon's Bath: Model or Metaphor." Ars Orientalis Vol. 23: 109–134.
Taha, Hamdan. (2005) "Rehabilitation of Hisham's Palace in Jericho." in F. Maniscalco ed. Tutela, Conservazione e Valorizzazione del Patrimonio Culturale della Palestina. Naples. 179–188.
Taragan, Hana. (2003) "Atlas Transformed--Interpreting the 'Supporting Figures' in the Umayyad Palace at Khirbat al-Mafjar." East and West Vol. 53: 9–29.
Whitcomb, Donald. (1988) "Khirbat al-Mafjar Reconsidered: The Ceramic Evidence". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 271: 51–67.
Whitcomb, Donald and Taha, Hamdan. (2013) ""Khirbat al-Mafjar and Its Place in the Archaeological Heritage of Palestine" Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies 1(1): 54–65.
Whitcomb, Donald and Taha, Hamdan. (2014) The Mosaics of Khirbet el-Mafjar Hisham's Palace
External links
The Jericho Mafjar Project
Khirbat al-Mafjar at ArchNet.
Explore Hisham's Palace with Google Earth on Global Heritage Network
Dimitri Baramki: Discovering Qasr Hisham, by Donald Whitcomb, 2014, Jerusalem Quarterly, Institute for Palestine Studies
Photos of Khirbat al Mafjar at the Manar al-Athar photo archive
Umayyad palaces
Umayyad architecture in the State of Palestine
Archaeological sites in the West Bank
Buildings and structures in Jericho | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham%27s%20Palace |
Teresa Mary "Tessie" O'Shea (13 March 1913 – 21 April 1995) was a Welsh entertainer and actress.
Early life
O'Shea was born at 61 Plantagenet Street in Riverside, Cardiff to newspaper wholesaler James Peter O'Shea, who had been a soldier and who was the son of Irish emigrants, and his wife Nellie Theresa Carr. O'Shea was reared in the British music hall tradition and performed on stage as early as age six, billed as "The Wonder of Wales". When staying at Weston-super-Mare as a child, she got lost and was only discovered when her mother heard her singing the Ernie Mayne hit, "An N'Egg and some N'Ham and some N'Onion".
Career
By her teens she was known for her BBC Radio broadcasts and appeared on stages in Britain and South Africa. She frequently finished her act by singing and playing a banjolele in the style of George Formby. While appearing in Blackpool in the 1930s, she capitalised on her size by adopting "Two Ton Tessie from Tennessee" as her theme song. In the 1940s, she was a frequent headliner at the London Palladium, and established herself as a recording artist in the 1950s.
In 1963, Noël Coward created the part of the fish and chips peddler "Ada Cockle" specifically for O'Shea in his Broadway musical, The Girl Who Came to Supper. Her performance of traditional Cockney tunes charmed the critics and helped win her a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical.
In 1963, O'Shea was a guest on The Ed Sullivan Show. She was popular enough that she came back in 1964 and shared the billing with the Beatles. Their joint appearance drew what was then the largest audience in the history of American television, helping bring her to American audiences. She was a member of the repertory company on the short-lived CBS variety show The Entertainers (1964–65). In 1968, O'Shea was cast in the television movie The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which earned her an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama.
In December 1970 and January 1971, she entertained American troops in Vietnam with versions of her musical act. On December 24, 1970 she performed for troops at Long Binh and took time afterwards to greet each soldier and wish them "Happy Christmas".
O'Shea starred in a short-lived British sitcom As Good Cooks Go, which ran from 1969 to 1970. She appeared in films including London Town, The Blue Lamp, The Shiralee, The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming, and Bedknobs and Broomsticks. She regularly appeared on BBC Television's long running variety show, The Good Old Days.
Death and legacy
O'Shea died of congestive heart failure at age 82, at her home in East Lake Weir, Marion County, Florida.
O'Shea's life was celebrated in the BBC Two documentary Two Ton Tessie!, first broadcast in March 2011.
Filmography
References
External links
1913 births
1995 deaths
Actresses from Cardiff
Tony Award winners
Welsh expatriates in the United States
20th-century Welsh women singers
Welsh film actresses
Welsh musical theatre actresses
Welsh people of Irish descent
Welsh television actresses
Welsh women comedians
British ukulele players
20th-century British actresses
20th-century Welsh comedians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessie%20O%27Shea |
Redbrick is the student newspaper of the University of Birmingham. Originally titled Guild News, the newspaper was renamed Redbrick in 1962. As with most student newspapers, Redbrick is not fully independent due to funding arrangements, but is editorially independent as is set out in its charter.
Redbrick is written, photographed, edited and published entirely by University students, and is run not for profit, funded by both advertising revenue and the Guild of Students.
About Redbrick
It consists of News, Comment, Culture, Music, Film, TV, Gaming, Food&Drink, Travel, Life&Style, Sci&Tech and Sport sections. A sport supplement titled The Lion was published biannually until 2014.
The newspaper is produced fortnightly during term time, with the exception of the summer semester as publication halts during exam season. The newspaper celebrated its 75th birthday in February 2011. The paper is distributed free around campus and the local area every Friday of publication week.
Redbrick's website has grown significantly following a redesign in early 2011. Following the redesign, Redbrick won the Guardian Student Media Award for 'Website of the Year' in 2011.
In December 2018, Redbrick published its 1500th print issue.
History
Early years as Guild News
Redbrick is one of the oldest student newspapers in the United Kingdom. First published as Guild News on 5 February 1936, its current name dates to 1962. One of three student publications at the university, the others being SATNAV (Science and Technology News and Views) and The Linguist, the paper was originally published alongside the student magazine The Mermaid; this ceased publication.
The newspaper continued to publish throughout the Second World War. The first issue after its declaration featured on its front page an article on the potential difference between The Great War, and the war with Germany in which the country had just become involved.
Redbrick in the late twentieth century
In summer 1972, following the holding of the Gay Liberation Front's yearly conference in Birmingham by the Guild of Students (the University of Birmingham's students' union), Redbrick published a controversial article titled 'Who's a Wanker?', which described "the practical aspects of homosexuality", then a highly controversial topic. The issue ran out and had to be reprinted. Simultaneously, it was reported to the Press Council because of that article, and it was subsequently withdrawn.
Over the years, Redbrick has covered everything from visits by Prime Ministers, controversial politicians and even Malcolm X. The paper has featured many exposés, reports from behind the Iron Curtain, the 1968 student sit-ins and from behind the scenes at the BBC's first ever Prime Ministerial debate.
Modern-day paper
One of Redbrick's most successful days so far was its coverage of the 2011 England riots in Birmingham. Redbrick ran a live feed covering the events in Birmingham as they happened, including photography, commentary and a selection of tweets, which attracted over 100,000 visitors in the space of a few hours. Redbrick continued to do this into the second and third days of rioting, and received national recognition for its coverage.
The society has won recognition from various student bodies. In 2005, Redbrick won the most improved society award; following this in 2010 the newspaper won the Guild of Students Most Outstanding Society of the year award. In the same year it won the Outstanding Contribution to Sport award from the University. As previously mentioned, in November 2011, Redbrick also won the Guardian Student Media award for 'Website of the Year'. In 2015, the Sport section of the newspaper was commended for its coverage, winning the Student Publication Association's 'Best University Sports Coverage' award. In 2017, the Redbrick News section won the SPA's 'Best News Story' award for an in-depth investigation into the university's sport clubs' initiations.
In 2014, a funding shortfall caused the newspaper to reduce its publishing frequency from weekly to fortnightly, and its circulation from 3000 per week to 1500 per fortnight.
Editorial team
Redbrick appoints its core editorial team for the coming academic year via simple majority at an annual general meeting in the summer semester. Redbrick encompasses a large team, including writers, editors, designers and managers.
Notable former editors
Many former editors have gone on to work for national publications, the most notable including Roland Buerk and former Reviews Editor Lizo Mzimba.
References
Redbrick (Newspaper)
Redbrick (Newspaper)
Newspapers established in 1936
1936 establishments in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redbrick%20%28newspaper%29 |
is a Japanese media franchise originating from the Windows game Gakuen Heaven: Boy's Love Scramble, originally released by the company SPRAY. The franchise gradually expanded to include more games, drama CDs, manga, and anime.
Plot
Keita Itō, an average high school boy, is surprised to find out that he's been accepted into the elite and prestigious boarding school, Bell Liberty Academy Unnerved by the mystery, he's further distracted by the school's social dynamics. In a sea of amazing young men, Keita struggles to find out what makes him unique, and how he can possibly deserve to be treated as an equal by the students of Bell Liberty.
Characters
During the middle of the school year, he received a letter of admission from Bell Liberty Academy. Though he seems to be an average guy without any sort of special skills, he is a very warm and friendly person. The only skill he thought he had was luck. He seems to have forgotten who Kazuki is really. While he was young, he contracted the same virus that Hiroya Yoshizumi is infected with.
He is Keita's classmate and the first friend Keita makes at BL Academy. He leads a double life as a student of BL Academy and as its chairman. The last wishes of the school's late chairman, Endō's grandfather, were for Endō to succeed his position. Endō's innocuous and perpetually friendly demeanor does not betray the fact that he is also an excellent executive. Endō is also a part of the school's handicrafts club. He is actually Keita's childhood friend who promised in the future that they could go to the same school.
He is the head of the school Treasury/Accounting department. Strikingly beautiful, he shares the same amount of influence as Tetsuya Niwa, and is called the "Queen" among students. He is very strong intellectually but performs very poorly in physical education. He is close to Omi since Elementary days, going as far as making him hack into the BL academy server when Omi didn't receive the platinum paper. He also has close contact with the chairman and contacts him if something sprouts up. Even though he is called the "Queen," he hates it when someone treats him like a female.
As the president of the student council, he excels in almost everything, from academics to sports and extracurriculars; he is also known as the "King" at the academy. He regularly neglects his duties leaving them to the very last minute. He also has a tendency to call Kaoru, "Kaoru-chan," which results in the latter hurting him. He has an aversion to cats.
Saionji's friend since childhood, he is a person who always smiles. He is extremely talented with computers and can also be extremely dangerous when he wants to. Currently, he helps Saionji at the Treasury/Accounting Department. Nakajima refers to him as a dog. He likes eating sweet foods such as chocolate.
He is the vice president of the student council. He appears to be brisk and cool with most of the students, and can usually be found trying to hack the school's treasury records, much to the chagrin of Omi Shichijou. Although appearing to be sacastic and cruel to others, he does care for Niwa.
He is the captain of the tennis club at school. He takes an immediate liking to Keita and calls him "Honey". A little oblivious at times, he is extremely passionate about Keita and is always trying to ask Keita out on dates.
He is the captain of the archery club. He is a very responsible, big-brother figure. He also holds the position of Dormitory Head. He has a little brother who has cardiac problems. He is very close with Takuto Iwai.
He is the president of the art club and a genius artist. On the moody, introspective side, he is very soft-spoken and very humble about his skills as an artist. He is very close with Koji Shinomiya.
, Drama voice by: Majima Junji
He is a superb cyclist who ranked the third in the National Tournament. Cuter and shorter than others of his age, he is characterised by his Kansai ben dialect. Taki also does freelance delivery work for most of the student body.
, Drama voice by: Amada Mahito
Although he is the oldest character, he is also the youngest-looking. He is extremely good at research but can barely take care of himself as he is quite absent-minded. He is both a teacher and researcher for the Bell Liberty. He is also very strong as a result of constantly carrying an overweight cat wherever he goes.
and
, respectively
Twins who tease Keita. Kakeru and Wataru are never seen apart. They are always getting into trouble and are very good at doubles tennis. They are also known as the "terrible twosome". Later in the anime, the twins seem to become fonder of Keita, but don't admit this till the last episode when the say that they might become his friends.
The school nurse of Bell Liberty, he is Kazuki's mentor and former tutor, and the two are very close. It is revealed in later episodes that he attended Bell Liberty himself with his friend, Hiroya Yoshizumi, to whom he was very close. He has a dark secret and will go to any means to fulfill his own agenda such as kidnapping to Keita, who contracted the same virus as Hiroya Yoshizumi, his friend.
Childhood friend of Matsuoka, they attended Bell Liberty together. He went into the medical field, like Matsuoka, after graduation, but contracted the "X7 virus". In the last episode while Jin Matsuoka watches the shooting stars Hiroya wakes up and greets him saying that it felt like he was asleep for a while and he woke up and he "heard Jin's voice".
Games
Specs
Boy's Love Scramble
In the original game, the player Keita Itō suddenly received an acceptance letter from the renowned Bell Liberty Academy (also known as BL Gakuen). Attracted by the prestige of the school, he decided to attend. However, on the day of his transfer, the bridge joining the school and the academy, which was located on a remote man-made island, suddenly raised and his bus fell. Luckily, no one was injured but the accident aroused the attention of both the student council's president Niwa Tetsuya as well as the head of the accounting department Saiyonji Kaoru. After explaining briefly the cause of the accident, they guided Keita to his classroom where he met his classmate Endou Kazuki, who kindly befriended Keita and showed him around the campus. On the school grounds, Keita met the rest of the important students in the game: Naruse Yukihiko, captain of the tennis club; Shinomiya Kouji, captain of the archery club; Iwai Takuto, captain of the art club; and Taki Shunsuke, a genius cyclist; the vice president of the student council, Nakajima Hideaki; the genius programmer, Shichijou Omi; as well as the child-looking teacher Umino Satoshi. The objective of the game is to solve the mysteries surrounding Keita's sudden transfer to BL Academy.
Okawari
A fan disc titled was released for PlayStation 2. The story takes place three months after the first game. This time, Keita picked up a cursed ring that would take away his major ability – luck. The characters are the same as in the Windows Game and the objective this time is to find the way to release Keita from the curse of the ring.
Double Scramble
In the sequel , released in April 2015, the player Yuki Asahina is invited to study at the near-legendary Bell Liberty Academy despite possessing no remarkable skill or a talent of any distinction save his uncanny good luck. On his first day Yuki is inexplicably entrusted with a mysterious armband that marks him to all as the Ace; the school's new student council president. There is little for Yuki to celebrate, however, as the position of student council president has been reduced to a powerless servant, responsible for nothing besides the menial chores that Durak, Bell Liberty's disciplinary committee and the school's true authority, consider beneath them. After befriending classmate Tomo Kasahara and student council peers Kuya Sagimori and Masatsugu Takato, Yuki is introduced to the other important students in the game: other friends Arata Minase, a champion diver; and musician Reon Yagami; as well as Durak rivals Kiyotada Jokawa, Durak leader; Hayato Chiba, martial artist; and Eiji Sonoda, chef extraordinaire. Yuki must uncover and overcome a conspiracy; forming a partnership and, potentially, a relationship with a fellow student to save not only his position as council president, but the whole of Bell Liberty Academy.
Anime
Summary
Keita Itō receives a Platinum Paper, the special letter of admission from Bell Liberty Academy, a prestigious all-boys school that only accepts the cream of the crop. Though he doubts his ability to succeed at such a school because he is a transfer student coming in the middle of the year, and he has no special ability that he can speak of, he accepts the admission. Keita is picked up by Niwa, the president of the student council, and from then on, he is warmly welcomed to BL Academy by everyone.
Keita's first actual friend is Endō Kazuki, who immediately takes Keita under his wing and takes care of him to the extent that Keita laughingly dubs him "grandmother." The two of them become a steadfast pair, but in the days that Kazuki is not around, Keita has no trouble finding other company among the other students.
Occasionally Keita has flashbacks to his childhood, where he is playing with an older boy whom he calls "Kazu-nii." He can't remember much except that he and "Kazu-nii" were close at one point, but these memories seem irrelevant to his current life, so Keita dismisses them.
Meanwhile, Kazuki is involved in a power struggle with the Vice Chairman of the board. The Vice Chairman (Kuganuma) is distinctly annoyed that the former chairman chose to leave his position to Kazuki. He views Kazuki as a young and incompetent despot incapable of running BL Academy, much less the Suzubishi Group, the business group that owns BL Academy and many scientific research and development companies. Indeed, Kazuki rejects many of Kuganuma's proposals and seemingly "abuses" his power by admitting a student of no particular skill — in this case, Itō Keita — to BL Academy.
While Kazuki is away on business, Kuganuma summons Keita to his office and informs him that his admission to the school was unauthorized and a mistake, and that he is to be expelled from the school. At the urging of his friends, Keita emails the chairman to protest, and the MVP Battle is created in response. The MVP Battle is a contest for teams of two, and the winners can choose to have any wish granted; unsurprisingly, Keita teams up with Kazuki with the goal of asking for his expulsion to be overturned.
Unknown to Keita, Kazuki stakes his position on the outcome of the MVP Battle - that is, if he and Keita do not manage to win the competition, he will resign his position as chairman. Fortunately, they manage to succeed despite the obstacles in their path - both part of the competition and from outside interference - and Keita's place at the school is secured.
A short time after winning the MVP Battle, Keita is invited out by the school nurse, Dr. Jin Matsuoka, who takes him to an abandoned building. The doctor reveals that Keita was once infected with a dangerous virus that the Suzubishi Group had been researching, but recovered thanks to the administration of an experimental vaccine. Yoshizumi Hiroya, one of the researchers on the project, was also infected, but he reacted badly to the vaccine and has been in a coma ever since. The Suzubishi Group hushed up the incident, and it fell to Dr. Matsuoka to provide for Hiroya's medical expenses.
Dr. Matsuoka intends to force Kazuki to take responsibility for his family's neglect of Hiroya, using Keita as a bargaining chip. Kazuki and Dr. Matsuoka struggle, but in the end Keita wins the doctor over, offering himself as a research subject for the development of a new vaccine that can help Hiroya.
The series ends with both couples - Keita and Kazuki, Jin and Hiroya - reunited and realizing their feelings for each other.
Episodes
The series premiered on Toku in the United States in January 2016.
Drama CDs
5 drama CDs have been released. Aside from the first drama CD, the core cast remains the same for all other products in the franchise and is based on the casting in the PlayStation 2 games.
Full-length drama
Gakuen Heaven 1: Mirai wa Kimi no Mono
Gakuen Heaven 2: Muteki no Sannensei
Gakuen Heaven 2: Tsuyoki na Ninensei
Gakuen Heaven 2: Welcome to Heaven
Gakuen Heaven 3: Happy Paradise
Mini drama
Gakuen Heaven: Bitter Chocolate
Gakuen Heaven: Sweet Candy
Manga
The 5-volume manga series by You Higuri began in 2003. Each volume is an alternate-universe story following Keita's relationship with one of the possible romantic interests. The series was licensed in English by Tokyopop's yaoi imprint, BLU. Due to the closure of Tokyopop's North American publishing operations in 2011, only the first three volumes were published in English.
Web radio
Since March 2006, there has been a web radio show on Marine Entertainment's site to promote the anime. It is anchored by the cover voice for Keita Itō, Fukuyama Jun, and every 12 days, there are guests from the regular cast.
Reception
Melissa Harper of Anime News Network describes the manga as derivative, but enjoyable, with a romantic sex scene. IGN reviewer A. E. Sparrow found the manga surprisingly well-paced and enjoyable, despite its roots in a dating sim. Sandra Scholes, writing for Active Anime, found the manga's art to be very good. Nadia Oxford, writing for Mania Entertainment, felt that the manga did not rise above other BL manga, its only distinction being its video game origins.
References
Further reading
External links
Official Site
Anime Official Site
Web Radio Official Site
2002 Japanese novels
2003 video games
2004 manga
2004 video games
2005 video games
2006 Japanese television series debuts
2006 Japanese television series endings
Anime television series based on video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Japanese LGBT-related animated television series
LGBT-related video games
Manga based on video games
Medialink
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
School life in anime and manga
Shōjo manga
Tokyopop titles
Video games developed in Japan
Visual novels
Windows games
Yaoi video games
Yaoi anime and manga
You Higuri
Interchannel games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gakuen%20Heaven |
Sölden Priory was initially a Cluniac monastery of nuns, established in 1115 at Sölden in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in the Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the 16th century it became a community of monks.
History
About A.D. 1087, Saint Ulrich of Zell, a monk of the Abbey of Cluny, founded Bollschweil Priory, a monastery of nuns, which was moved in 1115 to nearby Sölden and became known as Sölden Priory. This foundation was a complement to the monastery he had founded at Grüningen and later moved to Zell, afterwards known as St. Ulrich's Priory in the Black Forest ().
Sölden was a priory directly subject to Cluny, as was the norm in that reform congregation of the Order of St. Benedict. The community consisted of approximately 13 to 20 nuns under a prior appointed by Cluny. The priory declined so severely in the 15th century that by 1500 there were no nuns left here, and the priory eventually became occupied by monks. The men were subject at first to St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest from about 1546 and then transferred in 1560 to St. Peter's Abbey in the Black Forest, into which it was formally incorporated in 1598.
The priory was dissolved in 1807 in the course of secularisation.
Territory and buildings
Sölden's grounds were not extensive and were concentrated in Breisgau. The Vogtei belonged to the Priory of St. Ulrich.
Of the monastic buildings still remaining, the oldest portions date from the 15th century. Much refurbishment took place in the Baroque period.
Priors of Sölden
Rudolf Ecklin (1514-1541)
Johann Maternus Roth (1570, 1580)
Christoph Sutter (1581)
Gallus Vögelin (1596)
Michael Stöcklin (1597)
Johann Jakob Pfeiffer (vor 1601-1610)
Johannes Schwab (1612, 1635?)
Matthäus Welzenmüller (1624?-1637)
Johann Baptist Heinold (1672, -1692)
Placidus Steiger (1692-1705)
Ulrich Bürgi (1705-1712)
Gregor Gerwig (1712, 1716)
Heinrich Füegl (1718)
Aemilian Kaufmann (1723, 1730)
Cajetan Hildtprandt (1744, 1746)
Franz Dreer (1756)
Ulrich van der Lew (1776-1786)
Paul Hendinger (1786-1807)
References
Buhlmann, Michael, 2004. Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon. Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e.V., St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004, Teil 2: N-Z (= Vertex Alemanniae, H.10/2), pp. 96f. St. Georgen.
Müller, Wolfgang (ed.), 1976. Sölden, in: Die Benediktinerklöster in Baden-Württemberg, ed. Franz Quarthal (= Germania Benedictina, vol .5), pp. 599–604. Ottobeuren.
Stülpnagel, Wolfgang, (ed.), 1980, Sölden, in: Handbuch der historischen Stätten Deutschlands, Bd.6: Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner Tb 276), 2nd ed., pp. 747f. Stuttgart: Kröner.
External links
Sölden Town Website
Cluniac nunneries
Cluniac monasteries in Germany
Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg
1110s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1115 establishments in Europe
Religious organizations established in the 1110s
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6lden%20Priory |
Arthur Joseph Gajarsa (born March 1, 1941) is a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Early life and education
Gajarsa was born on March 1, 1941, in Norcia, in the province of Perugia, Italy. He was the top ranked student in the 1958 graduating class at Boston Technical High School in Massachusetts. He matriculated at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity, graduating in 1962 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering. He then received a Master of Arts in economics from the Catholic University of America in 1964, and a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1967.
Career
Prior to law school, Gajarsa served as a patent examiner with the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 1962 to 1963, and was then a patent adviser to the U.S. Air Force from 1963 to 1964, and a patent adviser to the firm of Cushman, Darby and Cushman from 1964 to 1967. He was a law clerk for Judge Joseph Charles McGarraghy of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from 1967 to 1968. He was an Attorney with Aetna Life and Casualty, Inc. from 1968 to 1969. He was a special counsel for the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, United States Department of Interior from 1969 to 1970. He was in private practice of law in Washington, D.C., from 1971 to 1997.
Federal judicial service
Gajarsa was nominated by President Bill Clinton on January 7, 1997, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit vacated by Judge Helen W. Nies. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 31, 1997, and received commission on August 1, 1997. He entered service on September 12, 1997. He assumed senior status on July 31, 2011. His service terminated on June 30, 2012, due to retirement.
Publications
He has authored Recent Developments in Antitrust for the American Bar Association in 1967-69, and The European Common Market Antitrust Laws, Catholic University, 1967. He has also published numerous articles on economics and law.
Post judicial service
On November 3, 2010, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute announced that Gajarsa would replace Samuel F. Heffner as Chairman of the Board at the start of 2011.
In the fall of 2012, Gajarsa joined the University of New Hampshire School of Law as its first Distinguished Jurist-in-Residence at the Franklin Pierce Center for Intellectual Property. In honor of Gajarsa, UNH Law co-founded the Arthur J. Gajarsa American Inn of Court, which is the newest member of the national Linn IP Inn Alliance. The Inn was launched in Concord, New Hampshire, on September 13, 2012.
Awards and honors
Bausch and Lomb Medal, 1958
Benjamin Franklin Award, Boston Technical High School, 1958
JFK Award for Public Service, 1974
Sun and Balance Medal, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1990
Gigi Pieri Award, Camp Hale Association, Boston, MA, 1992
Rensselaer Key Alumni Award, 1992
125th Anniversary Medal, Georgetown University Law Center, 1995
Order of Commendatore, Republic of Italy, 1995
Alumni Fellow Award, Rensselaer Alumni Association, 1996
Albert Fox DeMers Medal, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1999
Paul R. Dean Award, Georgetown University Law Center, 1999
Lifetime Achievement in Jurisprudence & Italian American Leadership, Order Sons of Italy in America, 2009
Personal life
Gajarsa and his wife, Melanie have five children.
References
External links
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Board of Trustees
Institute of Human Virology
Georgetown Law
1941 births
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Italian emigrants to the United States
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Living people
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Catholic University of America alumni
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Bill Clinton
20th-century American judges
John D. O'Bryant School of Mathematics & Science alumni
21st-century American judges
American people of Italian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20J.%20Gajarsa |
Vogtei is a former municipal association (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) in the district Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the association was in Oberdorla. It was disbanded on 31 December 2012.
The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Vogtei consisted of five municipalities:
Oberdorla,
Kammerforst,
Langula,
Niederdorla, and
Oppershausen.
Former Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Thuringia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogtei%20%28Verwaltungsgemeinschaft%29 |
William Robert Timken Jr. (born December 21, 1938) is an American industrialist, businessman and former diplomat. He served as the U.S. Ambassador to Germany from 2005–2008. He has served at The Timken Company (which his great-grandfather Henry Timken founded) as chairman of the board of directors, president and CEO. Timken has been chairman of Securities Investor Protection Corporation, National Association of Manufacturers, The Manufacturing Institute and the Ohio Business Roundtable. He also served on the advisory council of the Stanford University School of Business and the U.S.-Japan Business Council.
Timken is an honorary citizen of Colmar, France. He attended Phillips Academy and received his bachelor's degree from Stanford University, where he was captain of the swim team. He earned his MBA from Harvard Business School. He is married with 6 children. He was recipient of the Gold Medallion Award from the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 2009.
He is of German descent and was honored by the German-American Heritage Foundation of the USA in 2009. His great-grandfather was from Tarmstedt, Germany, near the city of Bremen.
See also
Distinguished German-American of the Year
References
External links
Chiefs of Mission for Germany
Living people
1938 births
American people of German descent
Stanford University alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
Phillips Academy alumni
Stanford University trustees
20th-century American businesspeople
Henry Laurence Gantt Medal recipients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20R.%20Timken |
There are more than 2,400 caves in Slovakia, of which more than 400 have been explored so far. New caves are being discovered constantly.
Caves open to the public
caves included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list:
Dobšiná Ice Cave (Dobšinská ľadová jaskyňa), Slovak Paradise
Domica, Slovak Karst
Gombasek Cave (Gombasecká jaskyňa), Slovak Karst
Jasovská Cave (Jasovská jaskyňa), Slovak Karst
Ochtinská Aragonite Cave (Ochtinská aragonitová jaskyňa), Slovak Karst
other public caves:
Belianska Cave, Tatras
Bojnická hradná jaskyňa (literally Bojnice Castle Cave), Bojnice
Brestovská Cave (Brestovská jaskyňa), Western Tatras
Bystrianska Cave (Bystrianska jaskyňa), Low Tatras
Cave of Dead Bats (Jaskyňa mŕtvych netopierov), Low Tatras
out of the Demänová Caves ( long), Low Tatras:
Demänovská jaskyňa Slobody (literally Demänová Cave of Freedom)
Demänovská Ice Cave (Demänovská ľadová jaskyňa)
Driny, Little Carpathians
Harmanecká Cave (Harmanecká jaskyňa), Staré Hory Mountains (Starohorské vrchy)
Važecká Cave (Važecká jaskyňa), Liptov Basin
Krásnohorská Cave (Krásna Hôrka Cave), Slovak Karst
Stanišovská Cave, Jánska valley
Bad Hole (Jaskyňa zlá diera), Bachureň
Other caves
Note: The list is incomplete
Diviačia priepasť (literally Boar Pit Cave), Slovak Karst
Medvedia jaskyňa (Bear Cave), Slovak Paradise
Demänová Caves (other than those mentioned above), Low Tatras
Čertova diera (Devil's Hole), Slovak Karst
Drienovská jaskyňa (Drienovec Cave), Slovak Karst
Brázda, Slovak Karst
Krásnohorská Cave (Krásna Hôrka Cave), Slovak Karst
Malá železná priepasť (Little Iron Pit Cave), Slovak Karst
Javorová priepasť (Maple Pit Cave), Low Tatras
Mesačný tieň (Moon Shadow Cave), High Tatras
Starý hrad (Old Castle), Low Tatras (the deepest cave in Slovakia)
Silická ľadnica (Silica Ice Cave), Slovak Karst
See also
List of caves
Speleology
External links
Slovak Caves Administration
Slovakia
Caves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20caves%20in%20Slovakia |
Huff Hills Ski Area is a ski resort located sixteen miles south of Mandan, North Dakota. It was established in 1993 on the former site of the defunct Twilight Hills ski area, which operated during the 1960s.
Description
21 runs
425 ft. vertical
3 lifts - 2 double chairlifts, handle tow
Snowmaking
Ski and snowboard ready and
Lifts
Huff Hills began operation with a chairlift acquired from Buffalo, New York's Holimont ski resort and a t-bar lift. Two years later, the resort purchased a Hall 1405 chairlift that had been the first chair used at Brian Head Ski Resort in southwestern Utah.
References
External links
Huff Hills website
Buildings and structures in Morton County, North Dakota
Ski areas and resorts in North Dakota
Tourist attractions in Morton County, North Dakota
Mandan, North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huff%20Hills |
The Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament (CBS), officially the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, is a devotional society in the Anglican Communion dedicated to venerating the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. It has worked to promote the Mass as the main Sunday service in churches, regular confession, and the Eucharistic fast. The society's motto is Adoremus in aeternum sanctissimum sacramentum, or in English, "Let us forever adore the Most Blessed Sacrament".
It is the oldest Anglican devotional society. In its present form it resulted from the amalgamation on 26 February 1867, of two older societies: the Society of the Blessed Sacrament, founded in 1860, and the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament, founded in 1862 by Thomas Thellusson Carter during the Oxford Movement in the Church of England. Members are known as associates.
Duties of associates
Associates and priests-associate (the constitution differentiates between the two, but the requirements are identical) of the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament strive to promote reverence for Jesus in the Holy Eucharist through the witness of their lives, words, prayers and teaching. They pray for one another at Mass and before the Blessed Sacrament and make use of the Sacrament of Reconciliation.
Structure
Autonomous provinces
The confraternity consists of autonomous provinces, of which there are currently two - the English (and original) CBS and the American CBS - each led by a superior-general and administered by a secretary-general and treasurer-general. Additionally there are semi-autonomous branches of CBS in both Canada and Australia, though currently neither has the numerical strength to become a fully autonomous province, and so they remain part of the English CBS. The English CBS is also active in Sweden, Wales and the Channel Islands. Currently lacking structure, there are fledgling CBS movements in parts of Africa.
Districts
Within an autonomous province of CBS there may be a further level of structure known as a "district". The English CBS is divided into 23 districts. A district is led by a "district superior", who may appoint a "district secretary", and is a collection of all the wards within a particular region.
Wards
The local unit of CBS is known as a "ward". Members of the confraternity meet together in local wards for prayer, worship and mutual support under the guidance of a priest as "ward superior", assisted by a "ward secretary". Each ward decides its own annual programme of events and the ward superior has authority to admit new associates (although he must consult the district superior or superior-general before admitting a new priest-associate).
Many wards are attached to a local parish, although this is not necessary according to the constitution, which merely requires a priest-associate (as ward superior) to gather other associates around himself in order to form a ward. In recent times a number of priests-associate have formed wards which are not attached to any parish church. Examples in the English CBS include:
The Ward of the Sacred Heart, attached to the Diocese of Lincoln and holding a meeting once a year;
The Ward of St Cuthman - attached to the Deanery of Storrington and holding meetings throughout that deanery;
The Ward of the Precious Blood - attached to the Deanery of Horsham and holding meetings throughout that deanery;
The Ward of St Mary and St Nicolas - attached to Lancing College and for the benefit of members of that school who belong to CBS;
The Ward of St Brigid - a geographically vast ward, uniting scattered CBS members throughout Sweden.
There remain unattached associates of CBS, who live too far from any ward to be able to participate in its life. These unattached associates receive updates and news directly from the secretary-general.
Finances
The English CBS has benefited from a number of generous bequests and careful financial management and has consequently built up considerable financial reserves. These allow it to provide grants of vessels and vestments to priests celebrating the Eucharist and reserving the Blessed Sacrament in poorer parishes and also to provide financial support to large projects and conferences, including the annual Caister Conference.
In early July 2011, controversy broke when it was first rumoured, then reported in The Times, that the confraternity had made a grant of £1 million to the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham, thus divesting itself of more than half its assets. Christopher Pearson, superior-general of the confraternity, was reported (by Ruth Gledhill) in The Times as stating that the trustees believed, having taken legal advice, that the grant was compatible with the charitable objects of the confraternity, a view which Pearson also stated in a letter to members of the confraternity. This was disputed by others, including Paul Williamson who described the grant as "a disgrace" and made formal complaints to both the Archbishop of Westminster and the Charity Commission. In June 2012 the Charity Commission for England and Wales stated that following a "substantial number of complaints" it had carried out an investigation and judged the grant to be improper in that a majority of the trustees of CBS who authorised the grant were themselves members of the ordinariate, meaning that "the majority of the Trustees [had] a (financial) personal interest in the decision". The commission ruled that the grant was both "invalid" and "unauthorised". The commission also appeared to rule out any similar grants in the future, when it stated: "there is substantial doubt whether the Confraternity could make a grant to the Ordinariate (even with restrictions) which could be applied by the Ordinariate consistently with the objects of the Confraternity". Shortly after the publication of the Charity Commission's findings the superior-general (Christopher Pearson), secretary-general, and treasurer-general of CBS, who were all members of the ordinariate, resigned. The full £1 million grant was repaid to the confraternity, with interest.
Other points of interest
The English CBS publishes a quarterly newsletter and prayer schedule, known as the Quarterly Paper or QP, and sent to all associates. Other publications include The Constitution, The Manual, and The Directory (of districts and wards).
The American CBS publishes twice a year an Intercession Paper, which is sent to all associates.
There are copies of the society's manuals in the Library and Museum of Freemasonry in London, listed under Classmark 1295 CON.
Members of the Confraternity were instrumental in the founding (in 1869) of a religious order of Anglican nuns whose work was to make reparation (by prayer) for what the founders perceived to be dishonour to Jesus through the historic attitude of the Church of England to the Blessed Sacrament. The sisters were known as the Community of Reparation to Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament (CRJBS).
Bishop Roger Jupp is the current superior-general in the United Kingdom. The Superior-General of the American branch is Bishop Dan Martins. The Reverend Canon Brian Freeland leads the Canadian organisation.
Notable members
John Bauerschmidt
C. P. A. Burnett
Thomas Thellusson Carter
Loren N. Gavitt
Charles Chapman Grafton
Reginald Mallett, Superior-General of the American Branch, 1946-1965
Dan Martins
James W. Montgomery
Robert Alfred John Suckling
Grieg Taber
Granville M. Williams SSJE
See also
Anglo-Catholicism
Catholic societies of the Church of England
Guild of All Souls
Guild of Servants of the Sanctuary
Society of King Charles the Martyr
Society of Mary (Anglican)
Society of the Holy Cross
References
External links
Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament UK
Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament US and
Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament - Australian Region
The Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament historical documents from Project Canterbury
Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament Lincoln
The Swedish CBS Blog - Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament in Sweden
Anglican Priests Eucharistic League
Anglo-Catholicism
Anglican Eucharistic theology
Confraternities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confraternity%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Sacrament |
The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (c. 29) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that requires traders to provide services to a proper standard of workmanship ("with reasonable care and skill"). Furthermore, if a definite completion date or a price has not been fixed then the work must be completed within a reasonable time and for a reasonable charge. The Act was partially superseded by the Consumer Rights Act 2015, insofar as that Act applies, i.e. between trader and consumers, for contracts entered into from 1 October 2015. The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 as amended remains in force in England, Wales, Northern Ireland; only Part IA of the Act, which creates provisions analogous to Part I of the Act, and Part III, which deals with the Act's commencement etc., apply in Scotland.
Overview
Parts 1 and 1A (Scotland) relate to goods. The Act applies to "relevant contracts for the transfer of goods", being those where one person agrees to transfer property in goods, i.e. ownership of the goods, to another person; the Act also applies to contracts for the hire of goods (sections 6 to 10A).
The Act does not, however, apply to any "excepted contract", which includes sales of goods (covered by the Sale of Goods Act 1979, for trader to trader contracts, and the Consumer Rights Act 2015, for trader to consumer contracts) and Hire Purchase Agreements.
When applicable, the Act implies terms into "relevant contracts for the transfer of goods" and "relevant contracts for the hire of goods".
In summary, into "relevant contracts for the transfer of goods" the Act implies the following terms:
Title
Section 2 prescribes an implied term regarding title (i.e. a legal right to transfer the property) and various implied warranties.
The transferor must have the right to transfer the property in the goods, i.e. ownership unencumbered by any security, at the relevant time under the contract when transfer must be made.
This applies unless the contract or the circumstances imply only the rights the transferor possess at the relevant time are due to be transferred; however it is also implied that the difference between unencumbered ownership and what is actually being transferred has been disclosed to the receiver.
Descriptions and samples
If the transferor has agreed to transfer the property in the goods by description, it is implied by section 3 that the goods will match the description.
If the transferor has agreed to transfer the property in the goods by sample, it is implied by section 5 that the bulk of the goods will match the sample.
Reasonableness
If the seller knows from the buyer the particular purpose for which the goods are being acquired, sections 4(4) and 4(5) create an implied term that "the goods supplied under the contract are reasonably fit for that purpose".
The Act also states that a reasonable time (section 14(2)) and a reasonable charge (section 15(2)) are "questions of fact", but it does not explain how the "fact of reasonableness" is to be determined. However, the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and its concomitant case law provided a number of guidelines.
Case law
Trebor Bassett Holdings Ltd v ADT Fire and Security, 2012, involved a contract for ADT to "the design, supply, install and commission a fire detection and suppression system for a popcorn factory" in Pontefract owned and operated by Trebor Bassett and Cadbury. There was a fire in June 2005 which the installed system failed to extinguish. The Court held that ADT were asked to design a system to meet Bassett's specific fire safety requirements and therefore they were providing a service, for which there was a requirement to take reasonable care, but the design and supply of such a system did not constitute a "supply of goods" for the purpose of Part 1 of the Act. The section 4 requirement that "the goods supplied under the contract are reasonably fit for that purpose" was therefore not invoked by this contract.
References
External links
Text of the UK Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (as amended)
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply%20of%20Goods%20and%20Services%20Act%201982 |
Formative contexts are the institutional and imaginative arrangements that shape a society's conflicts and resolutions. They are the structures that limit both the practice and the imaginative possibilities in a socio-political order, and in doing so shape the routines of conflict over social, political and economic resources that govern access to labor, loyalty, and social station, e.g. government power, economic capital, technological expertise, etc. In a formative context, the institutions structure conflict over government power and capital allocation, whereas the imaginative framework shapes the preconceptions about possible forms of human interaction. Through this, a formative context further creates and sustains a set of roles and ranks, which mold conflict over the mastery of resources and the shaping of the ideas of social possibilities, identities and interests. The formative context of the Western democracies, for example, include the organization of production through managers and laborers, a set of laws administering capital, a state in relation to the citizen, and a social division of labor.
Background
Also referred to as order, framework, or structure of social life, the concept of formative context was developed by philosopher and social theorist Roberto Unger. Whereas other social and political philosophers have taken the historical context as a given, and seen one existing set of institutional arrangements as necessarily giving birth to another set, Unger rejects this naturalization of the world and moves to explain how such contexts are made and reproduced. The most forceful articulation and development of the concept is in Unger's book False Necessity.
The thesis of formative context is central to Unger's theory of false necessity, which rejects the idea of a closed number of institutional arrangements of human societies, e.g. feudalism and capitalism, and that these arrangements are the product of historical necessity, as theories of liberalism or Marxism claim. Rather, Unger argues that there are myriad institutional arrangements that can coalesce, and that they do so through a contingent process of struggle, reconciliation, and innovation among individuals and groups. For Unger, the concept of formative context serves to explain the basis of a certain set of institutional arrangements and their reliance upon each other. It offers an explanation of the cycles of reform and retrenchment of a socio-economic political system and how it remains undisturbed by rivalries and animosities. The theory of false necessity goes on to explain the connections of a formative context, their making and remaking, and how they maintain stability despite the contingent formation.
Criteria
While a formative context of a society exerts a major influence on the course of social actions and behaviors, it is itself hard to challenge, revise, or even identify in the midst of everyday conflicts and routines. Thus there are two kinds of criteria for determining if an institution or structure belongs in a formative context, subjective and objective ones. The subjective criteria consider the perspective of the social actors themselves and the arrangements that are assumed in their speech and actions. For example, the attempts of big business and labor to protect themselves through deals with each other, and the political efforts of unorganized labor and petty bourgeoisie to undermine and circumvent these deals by pressuring the government, operate on the same institutional assumption of the distinction between economy and polity, and that victory in one can be offset by the other. The objective criteria are simply that if a substitution of the proposed structure affects the hierarchies or cyclical conflicts—if it alters the social divisions—then it can be included in the formative context. For example, a change in any one of the following conditions would completely change the formative context of a Western democratic state: if the state stopped being democratic or was democratic enough to allow collective militancy and subject private centers of power to public accountability; if business could have its way and override all regulatory controls of govt; or if no workers could unionize or all of them could and did.
Western democracies
The formative context of the North Atlantic democracies can be organized into four clusters of institutional arrangements: work, law, government, and occupational structure.
The work-organization complex makes a distinction in work between task definers and task executers, with the material rewards concentrated in the task defining jobs.
The private-rights complex understands the rights of the individual vis-a-vis other individuals and the state. This structure is central to the allocation and control of capital, ensuring all forms of capital distribution and entitlement.
The government-organization complex is the institutional arrangement to protect the individual from the state, and to prevent those in power from changing the formative context. It establishes a link between safeguards of freedom and the dispersion of powers, e.g. partisan rivalries fail to extend to debates over the fundamental institutions that affect social interactions.
The occupational-structure complex is a social division of labor characterized by a lack of caste or religious division. It is based on material reward and task defining jobs receiving the highest pay.
Influences in other fields
The thesis of formative contexts has been heavily drawn on and used within the Social Study of Information Systems. In the field of Information systems Claudio Ciborra and Giovan Lanzara define the term "formative context" as the "set of institutional arrangements and cognitive imageries that inform actors' practical and reasoning routines in organisations". They posit that the common inability to inquire into, challenge or shape formative context can inhibit individuals and organizations from acting competently and learning what they need to know in order to make the most of situations and technological transitions as the enchaining effect of Formative Context can lead to cognitive and social inertia.
See also
Empowered democracy
Negative capability
Structure and agency
References
Further reading
Information systems
Social philosophy
Social theories
Majority–minority relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formative%20context |
August Burns Red is an American metalcore band from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, formed in 2003. The band's current lineup consists of lead guitarist John Benjamin "JB" Brubaker, rhythm guitarist Brent Rambler, drummer Matt Greiner, lead vocalist Jake Luhrs and bassist Dustin Davidson. The band was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2016 for Best Metal Performance for the song "Identity" from its 2015 release Found in Far Away Places, and again in 2018 for "Invisible Enemy" from Phantom Anthem (2017). The band has released ten studio albums to date; their latest, Death Below, was released on March 24, 2023.
History
Formation and Thrill Seeker (2003–2006)
August Burns Red was founded in March 2003 when all the members were attending high school. The original practice sessions of the band began in drummer, Matt Greiner's old egg house and basement on the Greiner family's farmland. After playing many local shows within Lancaster, they recorded their first EP, titled Looks Fragile After All with label CI Records in 2004.
Vocalist Jon Hershey eventually quit the band during the same year, which led to Josh McManness taking on the position as lead singer. After several months of playing with McManness, August Burns Red signed to Solid State Records in 2005. Hershey would later go on to form post-rock band Bells. August Burns Red released Thrill Seeker, their first full-length album, on November 8, 2005. In 2006, drummer Matt Greiner was endorsed by Truth Custom Drums following the release of the album.
Messengers (2006–2009)
McManness departed from the band in 2006, after only one tour. He was replaced by Jake Luhrs, then a resident of Montclair, New Jersey. Bassist Jordan Tuscan also left the band in 2006 for similar reasons as McManness. He was replaced by bassist Dustin Davidson, a friend of the band. The band's second album, Messengers, was released on June 19, 2007. Marking the debut for Luhrs fronting the group, it became the band's breakthrough album, reaching number 81 on the Billboard 200.
Throughout 2008, August Burns Red toured with several acts across North America and Europe to promote Messengers. From April to May they toured with As I Lay Dying and Misery Signals across the United States and Canada. In September and October of that same year, they headlined a tour with A Skylit Drive, Sky Eats Airplane, Greeley Estates, and This or the Apocalypse in the United States. The band also visited Europe for a month-long headlining tour in November, playing in Germany, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Republic Of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Italy, Belgium, The Netherlands, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and France.
After this series of tours, the band recorded two covers of popular songs. They recorded an instrumental version of the classic song, "Carol of the Bells" for the X Christmas compilation album, which was featured in trailers for the film, The Spirit, released Christmas Day 2008. They also recorded a cover of "...Baby One More Time" by pop singer Britney Spears for the Punk Goes Pop 2 compilation album, released in March 2009.
On February 24, 2009, the band released an EP, entitled Lost Messengers: The Outtakes. It contains material that is related or was decided not to be included in the final, mastered version of Messengers. August Burns Reds' first trip to the Middle East took place on March 6, 2009, with the band playing at the Dubai Desert Rock Festival. The band's last tour before their next album release took place in the United States, where they toured with metalcore band All That Remains throughout April and May.
Constellations (2009–2011)
To promote their upcoming album, August Burns Red released several new tracks and a music video during June 2009. The tracks Thirty and Seven, Existence, and Ocean of Apathy were all released on the 15th, 21st, and 29th, respectively. A music video for the song Meddler was also released during this month. On July 7, a week before the album's release, August Burns Red began streaming the full album on their Myspace profile for a limited time.
August Burns Red released their third full-length album, Constellations, on July 14, 2009. During the week of August 1, 2009, the album charted at spot 24 on the Billboard 200. Another United States tour was organized with August Burns Red headlining and support from Blessthefall, Enter Shikari, All Shall Perish, and Iwrestledabearonce. After this tour, the band joined a short tour in Australia with Architects in support of Australian band Parkway Drive. August Burns Red toured alongside Underoath and Emery in November and December 2009 as well.
The band released their first live CD/DVD, Home, on September 28, 2010. The group co-headlined an Alternative Press tour throughout November. On February 23, 2010, Constellations was nominated for the Dove Award for "Best Rock Album".
August Burns Red toured Australia and New Zealand in December 2010 on the No Sleep Til Festival. The band played alongside Parkway Drive, A Day to Remember, NOFX, Dropkick Murphys, Suicide Silence, Megadeth, Descendents, Gwar and many others.
Leveler and Sleddin' Hill (2011–2013)
On July 27, 2010, Brubaker stated that the band would be taking time off tour to write their next record. On February 12, 2011, the band announced via their official Facebook page that they had completely finished writing their new record and that they would be entering the studio on Valentine's Day. In March 2011, the band announced that the record was finished, and that it was (at that point) time for mixing. On April 5, 2011, August Burns Red revealed the name of the record as Leveler. On May 16, 2011, the band released the song "Empire" as a preview before its release. They also later premiered three other songs: "Internal Cannon", "Divisions", and "Poor Millionaire", on May 31, June 6, and June 14, respectively.
Leveler was released on June 21, 2011, in two forms; standard and deluxe. The deluxe version of Leveler contains four extra songs, including an acoustic version of the song "Internal Cannon". The album sold particularly well compared to their other releases, with 29,000 of its opening first week-copies being sold in the United States alone. These sales had the record land at position 11 on The Billboard 200 chart. After the release, August Burns Red took part on the main stage of the 2011 Vans Warped Tour.
August Burns Red headlined their own Leveler tour on the first quarter of 2012 with Silverstein, Texas in July, I the Breather and Letlive as support acts.
In 2012, August Burns Red embarked on a European tour with The Devil Wears Prada and Veil of Maya, and an American tour with Of Mice & Men and The Color Morale.
August Burns Red released their first Holiday album, entitled August Burns Red Presents: Sleddin' Hill on October 9, 2012.
On February 8, 2013, the band was officially announced as part of Warped Tour 2013 alongside Bring Me the Horizon, NeverShoutNever, Black Veil Brides, 3OH!3, Crizzly and Bowling for Soup.
Rescue & Restore (2013–2014)
On February 12, 2013, the band announced that they would be back in the studio the next week to commence recording on their new album. Carson Slovak (Century) and Grant McFarland (former This or the Apocalypse drummer) again oversaw the production of the album.
On May 5, they announced that the album, Rescue & Restore was set to release June 25, 2013.
The album debuted at No. 9 on the Billboard 200. This is the highest that they have reached on the chart. On August 30, they announced that they would release a documentary DVD titled Foreign & Familiar before the end of the year.
Lyrically, the release delved into topics such as depression, grief at the death of a loved one, and social tolerance. It also featured influences from progressive metal and thrash metal as well as more mellow, melodic rock music. Adam Gray of the band Texas in July appears as a guest musician.
Found in Far Away Places (2014–2016)
On August 5, 2014, it was announced the band had signed to Fearless Records and Found in Far Away Places would be available for pre-order on April 13, 2015, along with their new single "The Wake", with the album set to be released on June 29, 2015. The album would debut at No. 9 on the Billboard 200 chart.
The band embarked on the Frozen Flame Tour from January 22 to March 8, 2015, along with Miss May I, Northlane, Fit for a King and Erra, for 39 shows in Canada and the United States, sponsored by Rockstar Energy.
On December 7, 2015, August Burns Red was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best Metal Performance Category for their song "Identity".
On July 1, 2016, just over a year after its release, the band released an instrumental edition of Found in Far Away Places.
Phantom Anthem (2016–2018)
On November 21, 2016, a teaser for the Messengers 10th Anniversary Tour in Europe and the United States was uploaded to the band's Facebook page. The tour started on the January 4, 2017 with supporting artists, Protest the Hero, In Hearts Wake and '68. On July 26, 2017, August Burns Red announced their new album, Phantom Anthem, released on October 6, 2017. The first single from the album, "Invisible Enemy", premiered on the SiriusXM Liquid Metal show the same day as the album announcement. The album debuted at No. 19 on the Billboard 200 chart. On November 28, 2017, it was further announced that band had been nominated for another Grammy Award in "Best Metal Performance" for "Invisible Enemy".
On January 26, 2018, the band released a remixed version of Messengers, for the album's 10th-year anniversary via Solid State Records.
Guardians and Death Below (2019–present)
On June 14, 2019, the band released a remixed version of Constellations for the album's 10-year anniversary, once again via Solid State Records.
In 2019, the band embarked on the Constellations 10th Anniversary World Tour spanning from June 21 to December. The band will tour North America over the summer, go to Australia in October, and finish the tour in Europe in November and December.
On December 13, 2019, the band released an instrumental edition of Phantom Anthem.
On February 6, 2020, August Burns Red released their first single, "Defender", from their upcoming ninth studio album, Guardians, which was scheduled to be released on April 3, 2020, after which they were slated to embark on a full North American tour in support of Killswitch Engage. On February 26, the band released the second single of the album titled "Bones". On March 26, a week before the album release, the band released their third single "Paramount". The album debuted at No. 53 on the Billboard 200 chart. On December 15, the band released their cover of System of a Down's "Chop Suey!" on streaming music services.
For the 10th anniversary of the album Leveler, the band re-recorded it with guest musicians, alternate tunings, and new guitar solos. The anniversary edition was released on May 21, 2021, through the band's own label, ABR Records. On April 21, the same day as the announcement of the 10th anniversary edition, the band released a new version of "Poor Millionaire" featuring guest vocals from Ryan Kirby of Fit for a King. On May 6, they released a new version of "Pangaea", that features a guest guitar solo from Misha Mansoor of Periphery, as the second single from the 10th anniversary edition. On October 14, 2021, the band released a new song entitled "Vengeance". On March 25, 2022, the band announced that they had parted ways with Fearless Records and signed with SharpTone Records while also revealing that they were working on their ninth studio album with a teaser shared online. On November 1, the band announced their tenth studio album, Death Below, which was released on March 24, 2023. At the same time, they revealed the album cover and the track list. On November 3, the band released the first single "Ancestry" featuring Jesse Leach of Killswitch Engage and its corresponding music video. On January 25, 2023, the band unveiled the second single "Backfire" along with a music video. On February 22, one month before the album release, the band published the third single "Reckoning" featuring Spencer Chamberlain of Underoath along with an accompanying music video.
Artistry
Musical style and influences
August Burns Red is generally credited as a metalcore and melodic metalcore band, and has also been said to share progressive metal elements. The band's songs frequently feature highly melodic guitar riffs, technical or odd time signatures and breakdowns, with a variety of influences including Meshuggah, Symphony in Peril, Pelican, Slayer and The Dillinger Escape Plan, as well as Between the Buried and Me, Misery Signals and Hopesfall. Unlike other melodic metalcore vocalists, Jake Luhrs generally does not mix clean vocals with his screams, though he does include spoken word parts on occasion. For example, their track "Spirit Breaker" features Luhrs reading a letter. However, since Phantom Anthem, Luhrs has used clean vocals in some songs, most notably "Coordinates", "Lighthouse" and the band's cover of "Chop Suey!", while "Lighthouse" from their album Guardians featuring a clean-singing chorus. Clean vocals first made an appearance in the band's music in the form of guest appearances by Between the Buried and Me's Tommy Giles Rogers on "Indonesia", the seventh track from their 2009 album Constellations, and by A Day to Remember's Jeremy McKinnon on "Ghosts", the fifth track from their 2015 album Found in Far Away Places.
While the group has stated that they don't mind being classified as metalcore, Brubaker has grown a distaste for many of the genre's bands: "I feel like anyone who can pick up and play a guitar and learn to play a metalcore riff and any drummer who can learn to play a thrash beat over a breakdown is doing it. It's almost become very formulaic, and metal to me was never a formulaic genre." Musically, the group has incorporated instrumentals such as the cello and the violin while also featuring song elements such as classical music inspired interludes, pushing the boundaries of what is considered 'metalcore'. Many of their songs do not contain choruses, unlike other bands in the metalcore scene.
Band name
August Burns Red members have been asked about the origin of their band name on many occasions and have given numerous different stories. The most popular story behind the name is an incident involving Jon Hershey, the band's original vocalist, when he dated a woman named August who burned his dog Redd alive in his dog house.
However, it was later revealed in a radio interview that this meaning (along with others) was simply a comical story created by the members and that there is no actual meaning behind the band name. Drummer Matt Greiner stated in the interview that "we just came up with the name to come up with a name."
Christianity
For a significant part of the band's history, August Burns Red has widely been considered a Christian band. JB Brubaker mentioned in an interview with online magazine Shout!, that "Christianity is a religion, not a style of music" and he would "rather just let the music speak for itself.", and that he would rather let Christianity shine through the band's lyrics. Brent Rambler commented on the fact that "It is important to us that people know that we are indeed Christians... without having us stand up there and ram it down people's throats."
JB Brubaker responded to a 2015 interview question about the band's reaction to being labeled as a Christian metal band by explaining that the presence of Christianity varies in each of the members' lives, but then says, "We decided years ago that we were not going to be an
'evangelical band.' We're not onstage to bring people to God, that's not our purpose up there. Our number one purpose in ABR is to entertain." In a 2014 interview, Jake Luhrs responded to a similar question by saying, "No, we are not a Christian band because, in my eyes, and I'm a believer in Jesus Christ...that doesn't mean because all of us are Christians we are now a Christian band."
Since the members of the band are Christian, their beliefs are sometimes reflected in their writing and lyrics. However, these lyrics aren't meant to be religious but rather, positive and in songs such as "Fault Line", for the band's fans. Brent Rambler said in a 2016 interview, "We don't preach from stage, and we made the active choice that this band is about music, and being a positive influence. Since a lot of people correlate Christianity for positivity, that label has stuck with us."
Recently some of the members have stated in interviews that not all of the band are Christian. They have said that they now just hope to spread positive messages in their music and lyrics, whether they are perceived as spreading a Christian message or not. In a 2019 podcast, Matt Greiner stated that the band decided to drop their Christian label in 2012, after disputes within the band over what kind of message they were trying to spread, and whether their main intention was to make music or to spread a Christian message. Although the decision initially was met with disapproval by Greiner and Luhrs, members of the band continue to state that August Burns Red is not a Christian band.
Members
Current
John Benjamin "JB" Brubaker – lead guitar (2003–present)
Brent Rambler – rhythm guitar (2003–present)
Matt Greiner – drums, piano (2003–present)
Jake Luhrs – lead vocals (2006–present)
Dustin Davidson – bass, backing vocals (2006–present)
Former
Jon Hershey – lead vocals (2003–2004)
Josh McManness – lead vocals (2004–2006)
Jordan Tuscan – bass (2003–2006)
Touring musicians
Adam Gray (Texas in July) – drums (2016)
Michael Felker (Convictions) – vocals (2021)
Timeline
Discography
Thrill Seeker (2005)
Messengers (2007)
Constellations (2009)
Leveler (2011)
August Burns Red Presents: Sleddin' Hill (2012)
Rescue & Restore (2013)
Found in Far Away Places (2015)
Phantom Anthem (2017)
Guardians (2020)
Death Below (2023)
References
External links
Metalcore musical groups from Pennsylvania
American Christian metal musical groups
Heavy metal musical groups from Pennsylvania
Musicians from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
2003 establishments in Pennsylvania
Musical groups established in 2003
Solid State Records artists
Hassle Records artists
Articles which contain graphical timelines
Fearless Records artists
American musical quintets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Burns%20Red |
Susan Silo (born July 27, 1942) is an American actress who is known for her work in voice-over roles.
Early life
Susan Silo was born in New York City. Both her parents were actors.
Career
Her acting career started in television on the episode "The Dick Clark Show" of The Jack Benny Show. Silo co-starred with Larry Blyden, Dawn Nickerson, and Diahn Williams in the NBC sitcom Harry's Girls, about a vaudeville troupe touring Europe.
Her first TV appearance was when she entered and won a contest over 350 people who auditioned across the US, at age 15, to sing (Mr. Wonderful) on The Jerry Lewis Show on November 5, 1957. She also made guest appearances in episodes of numerous TV series from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Hawaiian Eye, McHale's Navy, Route 66, Gunsmoke, Bonanza, Wagon Train, Have Gun Will Travel, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, Sea Hunt, Ripcord, Hazel, Combat!, Batman, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Love Boat, L.A. Law and The Wild Wild West. In 1964, Silo appeared in an episode of Jack Palance's The Greatest Show on Earth. She also played Rita Lane on Gunsmoke in 1969.
Susan Silo is a successful voice actress, and she teaches workshops in this field and lectures all over the country. She is also a successful singer, which she has brought to her work in cartoons. Silo began her voice-acting career as a talking cow in a series of Land O' Lakes Margarine commercials for over ten years. In addition, she has done animated cartoon voices for Hanna-Barbera, Marvel, Disney, Ruby-Spears, DIC, Film Roman, Murakami Wolf Swenson and many others.
Her famous roles are Wuya the Witch in Xiaolin Showdown, Sartana of the Dead in El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera, Dr Karbunkle in Biker Mice from Mars, White Queen on Pryde of the X-Men, multiple voices on What A Cartoon, Sue on Pac-Man and Tess on Zazoo U. She also played the roles of Mama Mousekewitz in Fievel's American Tails and Petaluma in The Smurfs.
She has also done voices for video games, such as Crash Tag Team Racing and X-Men (arcade game), where she reprised the White Queen. She later voiced Auntie Roon on The Life and Times of Juniper Lee and Flamestrike in Dragonlance: Dragons of Autumn Twilight in 2008.
In 2009, she guest-starred as the cat empress Neferkitty on The Garfield Show, episode "The Curse of the Cat People" and reprised the character in 2012, in the episode "Revenge of the Cat People". In 2014, Silo played Yin on Nickelodeon's The Legend of Korra.
Personal life
Silo was married to actor Burr DeBenning, who died in 2003.
Filmography
Anime roles
Digimon Data Squad – Grandma Norstein (ep. 42)
Zatch Bell! – Zofis (Milordo-Z)
Animated roles
2 Stupid Dogs – Additional voices
Avatar: The Last Airbender – Fisherman's Wife (Ep.12)
Attack of the Killer Tomatoes: The Animated Series – Fang
Back at the Barnyard – Old Woman, Old Lady, Aunt Suki
Biker Mice from Mars (2006) – Dr. Karbunkle, Native #2, Alien #1, additional voices
Blaze and the Monster Machines – Granny Car 1, Granny Car 2, Grammy (Episode: "Rocket Ski Rescue" and "Race Car Superstar")
Captain Planet and the Planeteers – Additional voices
CB Bears – Zelda the Ostrich
ChalkZone – Stinky Witch, Ladybug (Episode: "Insect Aside")
Channel Umptee-3 – Polly
Curious George – Nettie Pisghetti, Marie Curie, Veterinarian, Queen, Elicee, Baby
Daisy-Head Mayzie – Ms. Sneetcher
Darkwing Duck – Neptunia
Droopy, Master Detective – Additional voices
El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera – Sartana of the Dead
Fievel's American Tails – Mama Mousekewitz
Foofur – Mrs. Escrow
Garfield and Friends – Additional voices
Inhumanoids – Sandra Shore
James Bond Jr. – Miss Fortune, Phoebe Farragut
Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks – Miss Nanny
Jumanji – Additional voices
Kidd Video – She-Lion
Kissyfur – Ralph Packrat
Niko and the Sword of Light – Dolphin Queen, Shrimp Trooper
Ozzy & Drix – Cryo
Pac-Man – Sue
Pryde of the X-Men – White Queen
Richie Rich – Mrs. Regina Rich
Ring Raiders – Siren
Robot Chicken – Dorothy Zbornak, Louis' Sister, Girl (Ep. "Cracked China")
Robotix – Compucore, Narra
Super Dave: Daredevil for Hire – Additional Voices
TaleSpin – Airplane Jane, Girl with Map, Mary Lamb
Tarantula – Additional Voices (Ep. "Pajattery")
The Addams Family – Mrs. Quaint (in "Dead and Breakfast")
The Garfield Show – Neferkitty, Metalla
The Legend of Korra – Yin
The Legend of Prince Valiant – Barbarian's Mother
The Life and Times of Juniper Lee – Auntie Roon, additional voices
The Mask: The Animated Series – Selina Swint
The Pink Panther – Additional voices
The Rocketeer – Irma Philpot, Doris
The Smurfs – Petaluma
The Tick – Jet Valkyrie, Jungle Janet
The Mask: Animated Series – Additional Voices
The Tom and Jerry Show – Auntie Louella
The Twisted Adventures of Felix the Cat – Sausages, Mermaid on Bow, Additional voices
The Wizard of Oz – Munchkin Mayor
Tom and Jerry Kids – Additional voices
Toxic Crusaders – Mrs. Junko
Turbo FAST – Gypsy Moth
Xiaolin Showdown – Wuya
Where's Waldo – Additional voices
W.I.T.C.H. – Miranda Beast, Slug (Season One)
Zazoo U – Tess
Television roles
The Jerry Lewis Show November 5, 1957 as herself
The Jack Benny Show – Girl (episode "The Dick Clark Show")
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis – JoAnn (episode "Dobie Goes Beatnik")
Ripcord – Suzy Thomas (episode "Airborne")
The Ann Sothern Show – April Fleming (episode "Always April")
Sea Hunt (1961) – Leilani (episode "Cougar")
Alfred Hitchcock Presents – Angela (episode "Coming Home")
Miami Undercover – Vicki (episode "Mystery of Swamp")
Route 66 – Marva (episode "And the Cat Jumped Over the Moon")
The Tall Man – Amy Beckett (episode "Quarantine")
Ensign O'Toole – Girl (episode "Operation: Model 'T'")
Empire – MacCormack (episode "The Fire Dancer")
Hawaiian Eye – Shannon Malloy (episode Shannon Malloy), Lita (episode "Tusitala")
Hazel – Gabrielle (episode "Hazel and the Lovebirds")
Sam Benedict – Barbara Eddy (episode "Read No Evil")
Have Gun – Will Travel – Taymanee (episode "Two Plus One")
Wagon Train – Betty Whitaker (episode "The Joe Muharich Story"), Susan (episode "The David Garner Story")
The Lieutenant – Marie Eckles (episode "A Very Private Affair")
Harry's Girls – Rusty (15 episodes)
McHale's Navy – Babette (episode "Babette Go Home")
The Greatest Show on Earth – Susan Silver (episode "Love the Giver")
Burke's Law – Phoebe McPhee (episode "Who Killed Everybody ?")
Combat! – Annice (episode "The Town That Went Away")
Bonanza – Elena Miguel (episode "Woman of Fire")
The Wild Wild West – Little Willow (episode "The Night of the Double-Edged Knife")
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. – Anna Paola
Dr. Kildare – Angie (3 episodes)
Batman – Mousey – (episode 11 and 12 with The Riddler)
The John Forsythe Show – Michelina (episode "Engagement, Italian Style")
My Three Sons – Janine (episode "Our Boy in Washington")
Occasional Wife – Vera Frick (3 episodes)
Gunsmoke – Rita Lane (episode "The Long Night")
Here Come the Brides – Ada Moon (episode "Next Week, East Lynne")
The Love Boat – Yvonne Boulanger (episode "Parlez-Vous")
Highway to Heaven – Mrs. Barney (episode "Catch a Falling Star")
L.A. Law – Yvette (episode "The Unbearable Lightness of Boring")
Night Stand with Dick Dietrick – Mom (episode "The Secret Crush Show")
Film roles
Babes in Toyland – Scat
Beauty and the Beast (1992) – Clara, Evil Fairy
Bebe's Kids – Ticketlady, Saleswoman, Rodney Rodent, Nuclear Mother, Additional voices
Foodfight! – Additional voices
Jetsons: The Movie – Gertie Furbelow
Kiss Toledo Goodbye – Mrs. Beidekker
Lilo & Stitch – Police Cruiser Computer, Additional voices
Marriage: Year One – Shirley Lemberg
McHale's Navy Joins the Air Force – Corporal "Smitty" Smith
Once Upon a Forest – Russell's Mom
The Ant Bully – Ant #4
Once Upon a Brothers Grimm – Little Red Riding Hood
Starchaser: The Legend of Orin – Incidental & Background Voices
Video game roles
Clive Barker's Jericho – Hanne Lichthammer
Crash Tag Team Racing – Mature Woman, Old Woman
Crash Twinsanity – Nina Cortex, Madame Amberley
Diablo III – Monster Voices
Dead Rising – Lindsay Harris
Final Fantasy Type-0 HD – Cadetamaster (English version)
Final Fantasy VII Remake – Mireille (English version)
Freddy Pharkas: Frontier Pharmacist – Helen Back, Madame Ovaree
Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers – Cazaunoux
Gabriel Knight 3: Blood of the Sacred, Blood of the Damned – Madam Girard
Giants: Citizen Kabuto – Queen Sappho
God of War II – Clotho
Guild Wars – Glint, Justiciar Taran
Jericho – Hanne Lichthammer
The Last of Us – Additional voices
Mad Max – Additional voices
Quest for Glory IV: Shadows of Darkness – Baba Yaga, Fenris, Olga Stovich, Tatiana the Queen of the Faery Folk
The Saboteur – Additional voices
Sacrifice – Seerix
Tales from the Borderlands – Vallory
Tales of Symphonia – Additional voices
Undead Knights – Narrator
X-Men – White Queen
References
External links
Living people
Actresses from New York City
American television actresses
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
1942 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Silo |
The Amazing Meeting (TAM), stylized as The Amaz!ng Meeting, was an annual conference that focused on science, skepticism, and critical thinking; it was held for twelve years. The conference started in 2003 and was sponsored by the James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF). Perennial speakers included Penn & Teller, Phil Plait, Michael Shermer and James "The Amazing" Randi. Speakers at the four-day conference were selected from a variety of disciplines including scientific educators, magicians, and community activists. Outside the plenary sessions the conference included workshops, additional panel discussions, music and magic performances and live taping of podcasts including The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe. The final Amazing Meeting was held in July 2015.
History and organization
TAM was first held in 2003, attracting around 150 attendees. When the CSICOP conferences entered a seven-year hiatus in 2005, TAM quickly filled the gap and, with more than 1,000 attendees, developed to become the largest U.S. skeptical conference.
The Skeptics Society and the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry were co-sponsors of the event, providing both financial and promotional support.
People attended the conference for a variety of reasons. The Daily Beast reported that some saw themselves "as waging a broad, multifront battle to drag American culture, inch by inch, away from the nonscientific and the nonlogical". While the organizer of TAM London, Tracy King, said "People come to TAM because they want to learn and hear from leading speakers on subjects which interest them, but they want to have a good time doing it. Our mix of academics, comedians and writers ensures an incredible event where the public can meet like-minded people without feeling like being into science or geek stuff makes them a minority." Magicians were also given a central role at the conference.
The magazine The Skeptic from the Australian Skeptics gave a detailed account of all lectures from the 2010 OZ event.
Randi retired from active participation in the JREF in early 2015; a final TAM was organized in his honour in July 2015. After this, the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry chose Las Vegas as the location for CSICon 2016 to fill the void.
At The Amazing Meeting in 2011 (TAM 9) the Independent Investigations Group (IIG) organised a tribute to James Randi. The group gathered together with other attendees, put on fake white beards, and posed for a large group photo with Randi. At the CSICon in 2017, in absence of Randi, the IIG organised another group photo with leftover beards from the 2011 photo. After Randi was sent the photo, he replied, "I'm always very touched by any such expression. This is certainly no exception. You have my sincere gratitude. I suspect, however that a couple of those beards were fake. But I'm in a forgiving mood at the moment. I'm frankly very touched. I'll see you at the next CSICon. Thank you all."
Paranormal Challenge
Beginning in 2009, the Amazing Meeting also hosted a public test of The One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge for the performance of any paranormal, occult or supernatural event, under proper observing conditions. At The Amazing Meeting 7, it was announced that the $1 Million Challenge prize would not expire in 2010 as previously announced.
Claimant Connie Sonne in 2009 failed to find target cards in sealed envelopes using a dowsing pendulum. Mentalist Mark Edward was the only person to interview her after her test; he wrote that the room was rapt in close attention, "It was an amazing testament to just how single-minded a conference room full of skeptical non-believers could be. I dare say that even a few of the thousand assembled might have been in some way mentally rooting for Connie to win or score some significant record for her trouble. She didn't." She stated to Edward that it was not time for her "powers to be revealed" and blamed no-one for her failures, only citing that she was involved in future world-changing events.
In 2013 a man from Algeria was the Million Dollar challenger. He claimed to be able to remote view objects that were held in a sealed room. He was unable to see the objects and thus failed the challenge.
Applicant Fei Wang appeared before the skeptic audience July 2014 with the claim that he could send energy through his hand using a type of therapeutic touch. The organizers set up a double blind test involving a volunteer selected by Wang to place their hand in a box while wearing noise canceling headphones and a blindfold. Wang or the control person (Jamy Ian Swiss) depending on the roll of a die would insert their hand also in the box (not touching the volunteer) for several seconds. Swiss was selected to be the control because Wang felt that Swiss does not have the ability that is being tested. After either Wang or the Control (Swiss) had placed their hand in the box, the volunteer would state which energy was felt. Wang had to get 8 out of 9 correct in order to pass to the final Million Dollar challenge. After the volunteer was unable to feel the energy that Wang said he was sending through his hand on the first two tries, the test was concluded as it was no longer possible for Wang to win the challenge even if he was chosen correct on the remaining tries.
Tech journalist Lee Hutchinson approached the JREF after writing an article for Ars Technica about directional Ethernet cables that claim to "keep your audio signal completely free of electromagnetic interference". The MDC set up a controlled double-blind demonstration with volunteers listening to two identical recordings with a randomly selected Ethernet cable, a normal one or the cable claiming to improve the listening experience. After six volunteers, the demonstration was called off, as they were unable to select the "enhanced" cable over the common cable.
The tests included:
Special awards
The James Randi Education Foundation presented special awards at the Amazing Meeting to people who they label champions of skepticism. Robert S. Lancaster received the 2009 Citizen Skeptic award for his work on the website Stop Sylvia which critically examines the claims of self-proclaimed psychic Sylvia Browne.
At that year's TAM London the award for Outstanding Contribution to Skepticism went to Simon Singh in recognition for his successful appeal against a libel charge by the British Chiropractic Association.
In 2010 at TAM London then 15-year-old Rhys Morgan received a special grassroots skepticism award from Randi.
Reed Esau received the James Randi Award for Skepticism in the Public Interest at TAM 2012 for his work inventing SkeptiCamp.
At TAM 2013, the award winner was Susan Gerbic for her work with crowd-sourced activism, specifically her work as the leader of the Guerrilla Skepticism on Wikipedia (GSoW) project.
The award reads:
Locations and dates
In addition to the Las Vegas-based conferences the JREF also sponsored international TAM conferences, with the first TAM London taking place in 2009 and TAM Australia in 2010, co-sponsored by Australian Skeptics, in 2010. A related series of events titled The Amazing Adventure has been held featuring trips to the Bermuda Triangle (2007), an Alaskan cruise (2007), the Galapagos Islands (2008), Mexico (2009), and the Caribbean (2010).
References
External links
Skeptic organizations in the United States
Skeptic conferences
Recurring events established in 2003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Amazing%20Meeting |
Skarnes is the administrative centre of Sør-Odal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village lies along the river Glomma, about half-way between the villages of Disenå and Sander. The new Sør-Odal municipal hall is located in the village. Construction was finished in 2010.
The Kongsvingerbanen railway line runs through the village, stopping at Skarnes Station which opened in 1862. The European route E16 highway runs through the village. The Oppstad Church is located about north of the village.
The village has a population (2021) of 2,557 and a population density of .
Location
The village consists of three parts. The "original" Skarnes is on the south side of the river Glomma, near a bridge. The area called Tronbøl is south of the original village area, on the same side of the river. The third part of the village is Korsmo, across the river to the northwest.
Notable people
Charles Berstad (born 1964), football player
Magnus Gullerud (born 1991), handball player
Kent Håvard Eriksen (born 1991), football player
Kåre Tveter (1922–2012), painter
Øystein Sunde (born 1947), musician
Hanne Tveter (born 1974), jazz vocalist
Elias Akselsen (born 1947), singer
Veronica Akselsen (born 1986), singer
References
Sør-Odal
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skarnes |
Disenå is a village in Sør-Odal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The main part of the village is located south of the river Glomma, about southwest of the village of Skarnes. The Kongsvingerbanen railway line passes through the village. The Disenå Station on the railway was closed in 2012.
The village has a population (2021) of 263 and a population density of .
Every August the Audunbakkenfestivalen is held.
References
Sør-Odal
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disen%C3%A5 |
Sander is a village in the municipality of Sør-Odal in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Glomma, about southeast of the village of Skarnes. The village has a train station, a kindergarten, an elementary school and a grocery store. The area around the village is dominated by agriculture. Strøm Church lies about northwest of Sander. The local sports club is Sander IL.
The village has a population (2021) of 302 and a population density of .
The Kongsvingerbanen railway line runs through the village. There is a bridge over the river Glomma at Sander, which connects the village to the European route E16 highway that runs along the other side of the river.
References
Sør-Odal
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sander%2C%20Norway |
Azambuja () is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, in the historical region of Ribatejo (and the sole municipality of within the district that does not belong to the historical province of Estremadura). The population in 2011 was 21,814, in an area of 262.66 km². Since 2002, it was integrated into the NUTS III statistical subregion of Lezíria do Tejo.
History
The town is so old that there is no longer any surviving record of when it received the privileged status embodied in a municipal charter.
In 1963 Ford opened an auto-assembly plant in Azambuja.
In 2000 the plant was integrated into the nearby auto-assembly business of General Motors (Opel). Opel Combo minivans were assembled until the end of 2006 when the plant was closed and production transferred to the manufacturer's plant near Saragossa (Spain).
Geography
The municipality is limited to the north by Rio Maior, to the northeast Santarém, to the east Cartaxo, to the southeast Salvaterra de Magos, to the south Benavente and Vila Franca de Xira and to the west by Alenquer and Cadaval.
Its seat is the town (vila) with the same name, which has 6,900 inhabitants and occupies the parish (freguesia) also named Azambuja. The total number of parishes is 7.
Demographics
Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes (freguesias):
Alcoentre
Aveiras de Baixo
Aveiras de Cima
Azambuja
Manique do Intendente, Vila Nova de São Pedro e Maçussa
Vale do Paraíso
Vila Nova da Rainha
Notable people
Giovanni Lopez de Andrade (1569 in Azambuja – 1628) a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Otranto 1623 to 1628
Jose de Sousa (born 1974 in Azambuja) professional darts player.
Gia Rodrigues (born in 2003) Supermodel and runner up to Miss Portugal contest in 2021
External links
Municipality official website
Azambujadigital - Web site related to Azambuja
Sources | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azambuja |
General Pedro Alejandrino Florentino (Hincha, 1805/1808– ?) was an Dominican officer in the army of the Dominican Republic. A native of Hincha, be was an active participant in border conflicts during the Dominican War of Independence. He was the hero of the important Battle of Sabana Larga. He later participated in the Dominican Restoration War, along with Gregorio Luperón, against Spain.
Birth
He was born in Hincha, today Haitian territory. His father was José Antonio Florentino, of Italian descent. Pedro Alejandrino was the name of this stubborn character, protagonist in two wars for Independence. His historical figure has been so discussed and controversial to the point that there is more than one version about the date and place of his birth. His biographer and defender, Don Sócrates Nolasco, assures that Florentino must have been born between 1805 and 1806; but other information maintains that he was 52 years old in 1861, so his birth must have occurred in 1809; and the same historian Nolasco cites statements offered in Azua by Florentino himself who declared that he was 55 years old in 1863, that his birthplace had been Santo Domingo and that he had lived inSan Juan de la Maguana , which sets the date of his coming to the world in 1808. It would be worth sticking then to what he himself declared and establishing it as conventional truth.
Military career
He owns stills and agricultural and livestock properties in San Juan de la Maguana . He was a patriot of radical nationalism and questionable methods due to the violent and primitive character that Florentino gave him. He was an officer in the fight against the Haitian incursions that lasted for nearly thirteen years. He fought under the orders of General Antonio Duvergé, as an artillery officer and commander of one of the Dominican columns that victoriously fought the famous Battle of Sabana Larga on January 24, 1856.
On October 11, 1856 under the presidency of the leader of his political devotion, Buenaventura Báez, went on to occupy the Arms Command of San Francisco de Macorís and later to serve as Governor of La Vega, a province that then included Moca, Cotuí, Bonao, Constanza, Jarabacoa and San Francisco de Macorís to the Northeast coast. He was also a Government Delegate in the entire Northern region, from Bonao to Monte Cristi. Among other important positions, Florentino had been Chief of the Southern Borders and commander of Las Matas de Farfán. When the liberal revolution of 1857, he left La Vega and came to the Capital, which was then under an eleven-month siege, to fight in defense of the Baecista government.
Restoration War
From there he returned to the South and already during the annexation regime, suspicions arose that he was involved in conspiracies. In January 1863, he was called for interrogation in Azua and the authorities gave him the choice between El Seibo , Santo Domingo or Azua, as a place of residence as a prisoner. He chose Azua and in September 1863, after the outbreak of the Restoration War in the North, he placed himself at the head of the national movement in the Southern region.
He led the uprisings of San Juan , Las Matas de Farfán and Sabana Mula, between September 16 and 17 and days later that of Neyba and Barahona , whose protagonist and main organizer was General Ángel Félix –Liberata–. Together with him and other officers such as General Aniceto Martínez, Florentino, superior leader of the movement in the entire region, attacked Azua , took Baní , San Cristóbal and on the banks of the Haina he threatened to march on the Capital, just as he had been told. proposed to President Salcedo.
The Spanish counterattack came. On October 15, 1863, the Spanish general José de la Gándara left the Capital heading south, leading a well-armed column of three thousand men, accompanied by the Spanishized general Eusebio Puello. After being detained in San Cristóbal for about a month , De la Gándara unleashed a vast-scale offensive before which the resistance of the patriots was broken. On November 18, in the middle of a fire, Baní fell. The Spanish attack became unstoppable, the Dominicans could not find a way to stop that overwhelming march and the Southern region once again fell into the hands of the annexationists.
The Florentino superior leader did not find a way to offer effective resistance to that attack, he himself withdrew towards the vicinity of the border; demoralization Gabino Simonó, Rudecindo de León, Francisco Martínez, Domingo Piñeiro, Julián Morris, Pedro Zorilla, Manuel Baldemora, Juan Gregorio Rincón, José Corporán, Luciano Solís, Romualdo Montero, Juan de la Cruz, Epifanio Jiménez Sierra and José Luis Paredes.
See also
History of the Dominican Republic
List of people from the Dominican Republic
1800s births
1860s deaths
Dominican Republic revolutionaries
Dominican Republic military personnel
Dominican Republic people of Italian descent
Dominican Republic independence activists
People of the Dominican War of Independence
People of the Dominican Restoration War
People from Hinche | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Florentino |
Kirkenær is the administrative centre of Grue Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern shore of the river Glomma. The village of Namnå lies about to the north and the village of Grinder lies about to the south.
Grue Church is located on the south side of the village. The Norwegian National Road 2 and the Solørbanen railway line both run through the village.
The village has a population (2021) of 1,231 and a population density of .
History
The place is named after the Kirkenær farm and is located in the middle of Solør.
In 1822, the Grue Church fire occurred at Grue Church which was located a little to the northwest of Kirkenær. It was a major fire catastrophe where at least 113 people perished in addition to destroying the church. Afterwards, the church was rebuilt about to the south, closer to the village.
When the Solørbanen railway was completed to Kirkenær in 1893, the village rapidly grew up around the railway station.
Media gallery
References
Grue, Norway
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirken%C3%A6r |
The Wishing Game is a psychological suspense novel by British author Patrick Redmond. It was his debut novel and was published in 1999. The novel is set in a boarding school for boys in 1950s Norfolk, England. It deals with bullying, secrets, supernatural phenomena, and homosexuality. It was published in the US as Something Dangerous.
Synopsis
Jonathan Palmer is a shy teenager at a traditional British boys' boarding school in the 1950s. He has three friends: bookworm Nicholas and twins, Stephen and Michael. Unfortunately, his friends live in a separate dormitory, leaving Jonathan exposed to regular bullying at the hands of sadistic James Wheatley and his cronies Stuart and George. There is only one boy who is not bullied with James Wheatley – Richard Rokeby. Richard is a loner but has confidence and scathing wit. Jonathan gradually befriends dark and dangerous Richard, who in turn encourages Jonathan to be brave and stand up to the bullies (both students and faculty members). Richard begins to turn Jonathan against his three friends.
One night, Richard suggests that the boys play a game with a ouija board that he has brought to the school from his aunt's house. The twins refuse and leave. Nicholas refuses to let Richard scare him, so he remains. Following that evening, bad things begin to happen that Jonathan believes he has caused. Both James Wheatley's cronies leave the school – Stuart's family leaves for the United States and George spends a considerable time in hospital after a brutal injury on the rugby field. This leaves James Wheatley vulnerable. James Wheatley becomes paranoid and becomes too afraid to go to sleep. Driven mad, he ends up running out of the school in his pyjamas and is killed in a hit and run. Jonathan believes that it was his fault and begins to fear Richard Rokeby.
It is on the last night of the school year that police are called to the school grounds. The headmaster has a heart attack. The cruel Latin professor has gone insane and has beaten his wife to death. The closeted history teacher has hanged himself. Michael has fallen to his death trying to stand up to Richard. The police break into a locked room where Richard and Jonathan are. Both boys are dead and one police officer has to break a window for air, as he is suffocated by an indescribable smell in the room. Nicholas ends up taking the blame for all of it, despite being innocent.
Many decades later, an adult Nicholas tells his story to a journalist. However, he tells the journalist that if he publishes the story, Nicholas will ensure that his life is ruined. Nicholas claims that, like Richard and Jonathan, he also acquired dark powers during their "wishing game" with the ouija board. The journalist deliberates for a few moments before throwing the tape recordings of Nicholas's story into the fire.
References
1999 British novels
Novels set in Norfolk
Fiction set in the 1950s
Novels set in boarding schools
1999 debut novels
Hodder & Stoughton books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wishing%20Game |
Bergesida is a village in Grue Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about east of the village of Kirkenær. The lake Gardsjøen (Grue) lies just south of the village.
The village had a population (2009) of 205 and a population density of . Since 2010, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
References
Grue, Norway
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergesida |
Grinder is a village in Grue Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern shore of the river Glomma, about to the south of the village of Kirkenær. The Norwegian National Road 2 and the Solørbanen railway line both run through Grinder. The village is named after the large Grinder farm which covers about of cultivated land and forests.
The village had a population (in 2012) of 256 and a population density of . Since 2013, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
References
Grue, Norway
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinder%2C%20Norway |
Windsor Thomas White (August 28, 1866 – April 9, 1958) was an American automobile developer. A native of Orange, Massachusetts, he produced the White steamer cars in 1900, and later expanded to trucks. These vehicles were used militarily during World War I. White, along with two of his brothers Rollin White and Walter, were inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1997.
He was the father of polo player Windsor Holden White.
References
External links
1866 births
1958 deaths
American businesspeople
People in the automobile industry
People from Orange, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor%20T.%20White |
Namnå is a village in Grue Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the east shore of the river Glomma, about north of the village of Kirkenær. The Norwegian National Road 2 and the Solørbanen railway line both run through the village.
The village has a population (2017) of 357 and a population density of . Since 2018, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
References
Grue, Norway
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namn%C3%A5 |
Master of the Rings is the sixth studio album by German power metal band Helloween, released in 1994. It is the first to feature new members Andi Deris and Uli Kusch.
This album contains four singles, which are "Where the Rain Grows", "Mr. Ego (Take Me Down)", "Perfect Gentleman", and "Sole Survivor", with corresponding videos for the first three. "Mr. Ego" was dedicated to the band's former singer, Michael Kiske, and was released as an EP in Europe.
Context and recording
Helloween and vocalist Michael Kiske had reached the end of the road during the touring of 1993's "Chameleon". Michael Kiske's replacement was Andi Deris, formerly with Pink Cream 69.
After an alcohol and drug-related incident in Japan, drummer and co-founder of the band Ingo Schwichtenberg was replaced first by the session-drummer Richie Abdel-Nabi, then on a more permanent basis by former Gamma Ray drummer Uli Kusch, who only arrived when most of the album was already written.
After two highly controversial studios projects and a live album, Helloween parted company with EMI records, aligning themselves with the more modestly sized Raw Power (an imprint of Castle Communications). Nevertheless, the effect of Deris and Kusch was to re-energize their collective fortunes. In Japan, "Master of The Rings" sold more than 120,000 copies.
Commenting on the recording sections for the album, bassist Markus Grosskopf said:
According to Roland Grapow's comments in the liner notes, the lyrics for "Take Me Home" were written by his wife Silvia (the song is simply credited to "Grapow" in the album).
Track listing
Expanded edition (disc 2) track listing
M – 1 and 2 also appear on the "Mr. Ego" and "Where The Rain Grows" singles.
M – 3, 4 and 5 also appear on the "Perfect Gentleman" single.
M – 6 and 7 also appear on the "Sole Survivor" single.
Personnel
Helloween
Andi Deris – vocals
Michael Weikath – guitar
Roland Grapow – guitar, lead vocals on "Closer to Home"
Markus Grosskopf – bass
Uli Kusch – drums
Others
George Chin – photography
Ian Cooper – mastering
Jorn Ellerbrock – programming
Tommy Hansen – production, mixing, programming
Michael Tibes – sound engineering
Charts
Certifications
References
Helloween albums
1994 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20of%20the%20Rings |
John of Jandun or John of Jaudun (French Jean de Jandun, Johannes von Jandun, or Johannes de Janduno, circa 1285–1328) was a French philosopher, theologian, and political writer. Jandun is best known for his outspoken defense of Aristotelianism and his influence in the early Latin Averroist movement.
Life
Jandun was born in Reims, in the Champagne region of France, between 1280 and 1289, though the exact date is unknown. It is likely that he grew up in the small town of Jandun (modern day Signy-l'Abbaye).
Jandun is known to have become a member of the arts faculty in Paris by 1310, likely by as early as 1307. While a professor in Paris, Jandun was well informed and involved with theological debates. In 1315 Jandun became an original member of the faculty at the College of Navarre and was in charge of 29 students. In 1316 Pope John XXII awarded Jandun a canonry of Senlis, and it is likely that he spent time there, though he continued to teach in Paris for the next ten years.
Jandun identified closely with Marsilius of Padua, another Latin Averroist who was rector at the university in Paris from 1312-1313. Marsilius presented Jandun with a copy of Pietro d'Abano's commentary on the problems of Aristotle.
On 19 June 1324 Jandun was involved in a business transaction to rent a house for life. Four days later Marsilius finished the Defensor Pacis. When it became known in 1326 that Marsilius had authored the Defensor Pacis, he and Jandun fled together to the court of Louis IV of Bavaria. Pope John XXII began issuing condemnations against Jandun from 6 September 1326 and finally excommunicated Jandun on 23 October 1327 as a heretic.
Jandun accompanied Louis IV to Italy, and was present in Rome on 1 May 1328 when Louis IV was crowned Holy Roman Emperor. Louis appointed Jandun as Bishop of Ferrara. Ten weeks later Jandun was formally accepted as a member of Louis IV's court, and was given indefinite rations for three servants and three horses. Later that summer, around 31 August 1328, Jandun died in Todi, most likely en route to his new bishopric.
Works
Jandun is best known for his work on the agens sensus, the principle of individuation, and the priority of universal knowledge to particular knowledge. He also wrote on the theory of the vacuum, plurality of forms, form and matter, the soul, the intellect, as well as other topics relating to Aristotle. Because of his closeness to Marsilius of Padua, Jandun is often incorrectly credited with authoring or coauthoring the Defensor pacis. It is now generally accepted that he did not write it, but it is possible that Jandun advised Marsilius on the work.().
Jandun's works first appeared in manuscript beginning with a short quaestioin 1314, though he may have begun writing as early as 1310 or 1307. He is also the author of an encomnium to Paris (Tractatus de laudibus parisius), written in 1323, which gives a description of that city in the fourteenth century. Printed editions of his works include:
Quaestiones super tres libros Aristotelis de Anima. Venetiis: F. de Hailbrun & N. de Franckfordia socios, 1483.
Questiones magistri Joannis Dullaert a gandavo in librum predicabilium Prphirii secumdum duplicem viam nominalium et realium inter se bipartitarum annesiis aliquos questionibus et difficultatibus Joannis Drabbe Bonicollii Gandensis. Parisiis: apud Prigentium Calvarin, in clauso Brunello, 1528.
Questiones magistri Ioannis Dullaert a gandavo in librum predicamemtorum Aristotelis ; Secundum viam nominalium nunc. Parisiis: apud Prigentium Calvarin, 1528.
In libros Aristotelis De coelo et mundo quae extant quaestiones subtilissimae, quibus nuper consulto adjecimus Averrois : sermonem de substantia orbis, cum ejusdem Joannis commentario ac quaestionibus. Venetiis: Juntas, 1552.
Quaestiones in duodecim libros Metaphysicae. Venetiis, 1553. New edition, Frankfurt: Minerva, 1966.
Super libros Aristotelis de anima. Venetiis, 1480, 1587 . New edition: Frankfurt: Minerva, 1966.
Quaestiones super 8 libros Physicorum Aristotelis. New edition: Frankfurt: Minerva, 1969.
Legacy
Jandun's work carried the Latin Averroist tradition from Paris to Bologna, Padua, and Erfurt in the 14zth century, and Kraków in the 15th century. Jandun tended toward the views of Aristotle, but was not afraid to follow an idea to its logical conclusion. Many of his views were uncommon and controversial, and were not received well by the Catholic Church. Manuscripts and printed editions influenced the Latin Averroist movement until the time of Galileo.
References
Gewirth, A. (1948). John of jandun and the defensor pacis. Speculum, 23(2), 267-272.
Grant, E. (1981). Much ado about nothing, theories of space and vacuum from the Middle Ages to the scientific revolution. (pp. 10–32). Cambridge Univ Pr.
Inglis, E. "Gothic Architecture and a Scholastic: Jean de Jandun's ‘Tractatus de laudibus Parisius’ (1323)," Gesta Vol. 42, No. 1 (2003), pp. 63-85.
MacClintock, S. (1956). Perversity and error: Studies on the "averroist" john of jandun. (pp. 4–101). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Mahoney, E. P. (1998). John of jandun. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy volume 5 (pp. 106–108). New York, NY: Routledge.
Marenbon, J. (2003). Bonaventure, the German Dominicans and the new translations. In J. Marenbon (Ed.), *Medieval Philosophy: Routledge history of philosophy volume 3 (pp. 225–240). New York, NY: Routledge.
South, J. B. (2002). John of jandun. In J. J. E. Gracia & T. B. Noone (Eds.), A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages (pp. 372–373). Retrieved from http://www.elcaminosantiago.com/PDF/Book/A_Companion_To_Philosophy_In_The_Middle_Ages.pdf
14th-century French philosophers
1323 deaths
Writers from Reims
Year of birth uncertain
French male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20of%20Jandun |
The Maritime Junior Hockey League (MHL) is a Junior A ice hockey league under Hockey Canada, a part of the Canadian Junior Hockey League. It consists of six teams from New Brunswick, which make up the EastLink North Division (formerly Roger Meek), five teams from Nova Scotia, and one team from Prince Edward Island which make up the Eastlink South Division. The winner of the MHL playoffs competes for the Fred Page Cup against the winners of the Quebec Junior AAA Hockey League and the Central Junior A Hockey League. The winner of the Fred Page Cup then moves on to compete for the Canadian National Junior A Championship, formerly known as the Royal Bank Cup.
History
Originally known as the Metro Valley Junior Hockey League, the league was founded in 1967 by Fred McGillivray and Louie Lewis of Halifax, Nova Scotia and Don Stewart of Berwick, Nova Scotia as a Junior "B" level hockey league. Originally an exclusively Nova Scotia hockey league, it included six teams: East Hants Junior Penguins, Halifax Colonels, Dartmouth Hoyts, Windsor Royals, Kentville Riteways, and Berwick Shell Juniors. 1968 saw the Truro Bearcats and Amherst Ramblers replace the teams from Kentville and Berwick. In 1971–72 the New Glasgow Bombers and the Pictou Maripacs entered the league. Stellarton and a new Kentville franchise entered the league in 1973 and 1974 respectively.
In 1977, still known as the "Metro Valley", the league entered into the Tier II Junior "A" level. The jump to Junior "A" was, in theory, to be a catalyst for the development of the league. However The budgets necessary to play at the Jr. 'A' level resulted in the immediate withdrawal of the Chester Ravens and the East Hants Penguins. The Cole Harbour Colts (Scotia Colts), who entered the league in 1976, became the first team in league history to host the national championship, then known as the Centennial Cup, in 1980.
The 1983 season saw the addition of the expansion Moncton Midland Hawks of Moncton, New Brunswick, the league's first non-Nova Scotia team. The Hawks came from the New Brunswick Junior Hockey League and are now known as the Edmundston Blizzard. In 1986, the league expanded to Antigonish and the Scotia Colts, again, hosted the Centennial Cup. The Summerside Western Capitals of the Island Junior Hockey League, Prince Edward Island's junior hockey league, hosted the 1989 Centennial Cup.
In 1991, Summerside and Charlottetown of Prince Edward Island left the IJHL and joined the newly dubbed "Maritime Junior A Hockey League". The IJHL is still PEI's premier Junior league, but now is only a Junior "B" league. The winner of the IJHL's playoffs compete for the Don Johnson Cup, the Maritime Junior "B" Championship.
For the 1996–97 season, the league added the Cape Breton Islanders and Restigouche River Rats. In 1996–97 the league consisted of the Amherst Ramblers, Antigonish Bulldogs, Charlottetown Abbies, East Hants Penguins, Dartmouth Oland Exports, Moncton Gagnon Beavers, Saint John Alpines, and Summerside Western Capitals. The Saint John Alpines folded in January. With financial losses totalling $40,000 and an additional $50,000 shortfall projected should the team finish the season, they simply ran out of money. The Summerside Western Capitals won the league's first ever national title. The Capitals hosted the Royal Bank Cup at Cahill Stadium and won the championship game 4–3 over the South Surrey Eagles.
Truro and Bathurst received approval for new teams to start in 1997–98 but due to the relocation of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League's Laval Titan to Bathurst, the Truro Bearcats would be the sole new team. The Cape Breton Islanders moved to Glace Bay and became the Glace Bay Miners, but with the arrival of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League's Cape Breton Screaming Eagles, they folded in December of that season, leaving the league with nine teams again.
During the 1998–99 season two teams changed their names. The first was the Dartmouth Oland Exports when they moved to the Halifax Forum to become the Halifax Oland Exports. The second was the 1998–99 MJAHL champions, the Restigouche River Rats, as they changed their name to the Campbellton Tigers.
A tenth team was added for the 2000–01 season, the Miramichi Timberwolves. At the same time, the East Hants Penguins moved to Dartmouth and became the Scotia Dairy Queen Blizzard. At the end of the 2001–02 season, the league approved the transfer of the Blizzard to Yarmouth. The Yarmouth Motormart Mariners began play in September 2002. In early 2003 the league governors approved expansion into Woodstock, N.B., with the Slammers beginning play in the 2003–04 season.
The league hired its first professional full-time league president in 2003, Vernon Doyle.
The league got their second national Championship when the Halifax Oland Exports won the 2002 Royal Bank Cup on home ice. One year later, after financial trouble with Oland Brewery, the franchise's name was changed to Halifax Team Pepsi. In the spring of 2004, the Weeks Hockey Organization bought the club, moved it to New Glasgow and renamed it the Pictou County Weeks Crushers. On that same day Halifax was granted an expansion franchise, the Halifax Wolverines.
In the spring of 2008, the MJAHL had some big changes.
On April 15, the Antigonish Bulldogs announced that they were applying for a leave of absence for one year. On April 26, the Bulldogs had to choose between two groups trying to buy the team and relocate it. The first group would move the franchise to New Richmond, Quebec. The other group would relocate the team to the Halifax area. At the Board of Governors meeting that day, the proposal to relocate the Antigonish franchise to New Richmond, Quebec was not considered to be in the best interests of the league and its members. The Governors did leave the door open to the sale to a Halifax group and a move to Metro Halifax. The sale and relocation of the franchise to Halifax was later approved.
At the same Governors meeting, in response to the decision to leave the door open on the sale of the Bulldogs, the owners of the Halifax Wolverines announced their plans to move to Bridgewater. The Governors voted on the decision and it was approved. Following a name the team contest, the franchise was dubbed the Bridgewater Lumberjacks.
Later that week on April 29, the Moncton Beavers announced that they had failed to come to terms on a new lease for the Tim Hortons 4-Ice centre and had subsequently moved themselves to the neighboring city of Dieppe. The team was renamed the Dieppe Commandos.
Rounding out this very busy month in the history of the MJAHL was the Charlottetown Abbies' decision on May 1 to apply for a leave of absence for one year, which was accepted.
The Halifax franchise (former Antigonish Bulldogs) announced on August 22 that the club would be known as the Halifax Lions. This was the name of the successful Halifax team in the 1980s.
In 2010, the MJAHL changed its name to the Maritime Junior Hockey League and unveiled a new logo.
In 2011, the Halifax Lions moved to Dartmouth and were renamed the Metro Marauders. Two years later the Marauders were renamed the Metro Shipbuilders for the 2012–13 season. That season was a disaster for the Shipbuilders, as they only recorded four wins in their 52-game schedule and averaged just 232 fans per game. The relocation rumours had them moving back to Halifax after three years in Dartmouth but they finally moved to Kentville and were renamed the Valley Wildcats. After one season in Kentville they moved to Berwick.
In 2014 the league approved an expansion team in St. Stephen named the County Aces. As a result of the expansion, the league was back up to 12 teams for the first time since the folding of the Charlottetown Abbies in April 2008.
In November 2014, the league took over the ownership of the Bridgewater Lumberjacks after owner Ken Petrie left the team because of financial trouble. The team was sold two weeks later to a local businessman and the team was renamed the South Shore Lumberjacks.
In November 2016, the Dieppe Commandos announced they would be moving to Edmundston, New Brunswick after the 2016–17 season, and be renamed the Edmundston Blizzard.
In May 2018, the Woodstock Slammers applied for a leave of absence for the 2018–19 season; the team is later sold and relocated to Grand Falls, New Brunswick and renamed the Grand Falls Rapids.
In April 2019, the St. Stephen Aces were sold to a group from Fredericton, New Brunswick and became the third team in three years to relocate. The Aces relocated to Fredericton, New Brunswick for the 2019–20 season and were renamed the Fredericton Red Wings.
The current MHL has twelve teams, six in each division. The league has hosted the Royal Bank Cup and Centennial Cup seven times, winning twice. MHL teams have also won seven Fred Page Cups as the Junior "A" Eastern Canadian champions to earn the right to compete for the Royal Bank Cup.
Teams
*relocated franchise
League champions
From the 1970s until 1991, the Callaghan Cup was the Atlantic Junior A Championship of Canada. The winners of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland would playdown for this trophy during the Dudley Hewitt Cup and Manitoba Centennial Cup playdowns.
In 1991, the Callaghan Cup became exclusive to the MJAHL. The Callaghan Cup was their championship trophy until after the 2006 playoffs, when it was replaced by the Kent Cup,
In the Kent Cup era the bold team indicates the Kent Cup winner.
Fred Page Cup Eastern Canadian Champions
All champions in this table are from the Maritime Junior Hockey League
Callaghan Cup MVJHL Champions
All champions in this table are from the Metro Valley Junior Hockey League against interleague opponents.
Defunct teams
Cape Breton Islanders/Glace Bay Miners
Charlottetown Abbies
Dartmouth Arrows/Eagles/Fuel Kids/Pepsis
Kentville Colonels
Saint John Alpines
Truro Bearcats (1977–1983) (Joined MJAHL again in 1997 with new franchise)
Valley Wildcats (1980–1984) (Awarded new team after the relocation of the Metro Shipbuilders)
Windsor Royals
Timeline of teams in the MHL
1967 – Metro Valley Junior Hockey League is founded at Junior B level
1967 – East Hants Junior Penguins, Halifax Colonels, Dartmouth Hoyts Arrows, Windsor Royals, Kentville Riteway Rangers, and Berwick Shell Junior Bruins are founding members of the league.
1968 – Kentville Riteway Rangers move to Truro and are renamed the Truro Bearcats
1968 – Berwick Shell Junior Bruins move to Amherst and are renamed the Amherst Ramblers
1969 – The Halifax Colonels become the Halifax Blazers sometime between the inaugural season and the 1972–73 season.
1972 – Chester Ravens enter league?
1972 – New Glasgow Bombers enter league
1972 – Pictou Maripacs enter league
1973 – Stellarton Spitfires join league
1974 – Kentville Colonels join league
1975 – Stellarton Spitfires leave league
1975 – Pictou Maripacs leave league
1975 – Halifax Blazers are renamed Halifax Centennials
1976 – Cole Harbour Colts join league
1976 – New Glasgow Bombers leave league
1977 – League is promoted to Junior A
1977 – East Hantz Penguins leave league
1977 – Chester Ravens leave league but franchise is demoted to Jr. B in 1980
1977 – Halifax Centennials are renamed Halifax Lions
1978 – Windsor Royals expelled from league mid-season for short roster
1980 – Kentville Colonels leave league
1980 – Valley Wildcats join league
1983 – Truro Bearcats fold mid-season (November)
1983 – Moncton Hawks join league from New Brunswick Junior Hockey League
1984 – Valley Wildcats leave league
1986 – Antigonish Bulldogs join league
1987 – Dartmouth Arrows renamed Dartmouth Fuel Kids
1988 – Dartmouth Fuel Kids renamed Dartmouth Eagles
1989 – Dartmouth Eagles renamed Dartmouth Pepsis
1989 – Halifax Lions renamed Halifax DQ Blizzards
1990 – Moncton Hawks renamed Moncton Classics
1990 – Halifax DQ Blizzards renamed Halifax Canadians
1991 – Metro Valley Junior Hockey League is renamed Maritime Junior A Hockey League
1991 – Charlottetown Abbies join league from Island Junior Hockey League
1991 - Summerside Western Capitals join league from Island Junior Hockey League
1991 – Halifax Canadians renamed Halifax Mooseheads
1991 – Moncton Classics renamed Moncton-Dieppe Classics
1992 – Dartmouth Pepsis leave league
1993 – Moncton-Dieppe Classics become Moncton-Dieppe Beavers
1993 – Halifax Mooseheads renamed Halifax Oland Exports
1994 – Moncton-Dieppe Beavers renamed Moncton Beavers
1994 – Amherst Ramblers renamed Amherst Mooseheads
1994 – Charlottetown Abbies take one-year leave
1995 – Charlottetown Abbies return to league
1995 – Saint John Alpines join league
1995 – Halifax Oland Exports move to Dartmouth and are renamed Dartmouth Oland Exports
1995 – Cole Harbour Colts move to East Hants and are renamed East Hants Penguins
1996 – Restigouche River Rats join league
1996 – Cape Breton Islanders join league
1997 – Saint John Alpines fold mid-season (January)
1997 – Truro Bearcats join league
1997 – Cape Breton Islanders renamed Glace Bay Miners
1997 – Glace Bay Miners fold mid-season (December)
1998 – Dartmouth Oland Exports move to Halifax and are renamed Halifax Oland Exports
1998 – Amherst Mooseheads renamed Amherst Ramblers
1999 – Restigouche River Rats renamed Campbellton Tigers
2000 – Miramichi Timberwolves join league
2000 – East Hants Penguins move to Dartmouth and are renamed Dartmouth DQ Blizzard
2002 – Dartmouth DQ Blizzard move from Dartmouth and renamed Yarmouth Mariners
2003 – Halifax Oland Exports renamed Halifax Team Pepsi
2003 – Woodstock Slammers join league
2004 – Halifax Team Pepsi move from Halifax to New Glasgow and renamed Pictou County Weeks Crushers
2004 – Halifax Wolverines join league
2005 – Campbellton Tigers change their name to Restigouche Tigers
2008 – Charlottetown Abbies take one-year leave
2008 – Halifax Wolverines move from Halifax to Bridgewater and are renamed Bridgewater Lumberjacks
2008 – Antigonish Bulldogs move from Antigonish to Halifax and are renamed Halifax Lions
2008 – Moncton Beavers move from Moncton to Dieppe and are renamed Dieppe Commandos
2009 – Restigouche Tigers renamed Campbellton Tigers
2009 – Charlottetown Abbies fail to return to league
2010 – Halifax Lions move from Halifax to Darmouth and are renamed Metro Marauders (Dartmouth)
2010 – Maritime Junior A Hockey League changes their name to Maritime Junior Hockey League
2012 – Metro Marauders renamed the Metro Shipbuilders
2013 – Metro Shipbuilders move from Dartmouth to Kentville and renamed the Valley Wildcats.
2014 – Valley Wildcats move from Kentville to Berwick
2014 – County Aces joined league
2014 – Bridgewater Lumberjacks renamed South Shore Lumberjacks
2017 – Dieppe Commandos move from Dieppe to Edmundston and are renamed Edmundston Blizzard
2018 – Woodstock Slammers request "leave of absence". Franchise instead re-located to Grand Falls, NB and were renamed the Rapids
2019 – St. Stephen Aces move from St. Stephen to Fredericton and are renamed the Fredericton Red Wings
2023 – South Shore Lumberjacks move from Bridgewater to Bouctouche and are renamed the West Kent Steamers
Bolded teams indicate the original names of active franchises.
External links
MHL Website
CJHL Website
References
Ice hockey leagues in Prince Edward Island
Ice hockey leagues in Nova Scotia
Ice hockey leagues in New Brunswick
A
Canadian Junior Hockey League members
Organizations based in Nova Scotia
Truro, Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime%20Junior%20Hockey%20League |
Flisa is the administrative centre of Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village lies at the confluence of the rivers Flisa and Glomma. The Norwegian National Road 2 and the Solørbanen railway line both pass through the village. The village of Kjellmyra is located about to the north of this village. Åsnes Church is located on the west side of Flisa.
The village has a population (2021) of 1,712 and a population density of . Despite its low population, Flisa is a commercial centre and it has a variety of diverse shops that are located along the town's main street, Kaffegata ().
For some time the log driver statue was the town's only landmark. In recent years however, other attractions have opened such as the world's tallest toothpick since Norway's largest producer of toothpicks is located nearby. In 2003, the Flisa Bridge opened, crossing the Glomma just south of the village. It is the world's longest wooden bridge with a length of .
In the summer, Flisa is plagued with mosquitoes. They are quite famous in Åsnes and are usually referred to as Flisa Mygg which translates to "Flisa Mosquitoes".
The tropical house DJ and producer Matoma is from Flisa.
Climate
References
Åsnes
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flisa |
King Hedley II is a play by American playwright August Wilson, the ninth in his ten-part series, The Pittsburgh Cycle. The play ran on Broadway in 2001 and was revived Off-Broadway in 2007.
Productions
King Hedley II premiered at the Pittsburgh Public Theater in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 11, 1999, and played a number of other regional theaters, including Seattle, Boston, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Washington before its Broadway engagement.
The play opened on Broadway at the Virginia Theatre on May 1, 2001 and closed on July 1, 2001, after 72 performances and 24 previews. Directed by Marion McClinton, the cast featured Brian Stokes Mitchell (King), Leslie Uggams (Ruby), Charles Brown (Elmore), Viola Davis (Tonya), Stephen McKinley Henderson (Stool Pigeon), and Monté Russell (Mister).
The play ran off-Broadway at the Peter Norton Space, New York City, in a Signature Theatre Company production, from March 11, 2007, through April 22, 2007, in a season that featured Wilson's work.
Plot synopsis
King Hedley II is the ninth play in August Wilson’s ten-play cycle that, decade by decade, examines African American life in the United States during the twentieth century. Set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1985, it tells the story of an ex-con in Pittsburgh trying to rebuild his life. The play has been described as one of Wilson's darkest, telling the tale of a man trying to save $10,000 by selling stolen refrigerators so that he can buy a video store, as well as revisiting stories of other characters initially presented in Seven Guitars.
Hedley’s wish, now that he has returned to Pittsburgh from prison, is to support himself by selling refrigerators and to start a family. Set during the Reagan Administration, the play comments critically on the supply-side economics theories of the day, examining whether their stated aim of providing trickle-down benefits to all Americans truly improved the lot of urban African Americans.
Characters
King Hedley II
Tonya, King Hedley II's wife
Ruby, King Hedley II's mother
Elmore, a southern hustler (and former boyfriend of Ruby)
Mister, friend
Stool Pigeon, a wise man and a prophet
Notes on characters
King Hedley II draws "on characters established in Seven Guitars, King Hedley II shows the shadows of the past reaching into the present." Some of the characters presented earlier include King Hedley II, "the spiritual son of King Hedley from Seven Guitars and Stool Pigeon, a "sixty-five year old harmonica player...now a newspaper-collecting history carrier". The character of Ruby was a "vivacious young newcomer to Pittsburgh" in Seven Guitars but in King Hedley II is "...overcome with worry and regret...". Mister is Red Carter's son.
Awards and nominations
2001 Broadway
Pulitzer Prize for Drama (2000 finalist)
Tony Award for Best Play (nomination)
Tony Award, Best Actor in a Play (Brian Stokes Mitchell) (nomination)
Tony Award, Best Actress in a Play (Leslie Uggams) (nomination)
Tony Award, Best Featured Actor in a Play (Charles Brown)(nomination)
Tony Award, Best Featured Actress in a Play, (Viola Davis) (WINNER)
Tony Award, Best Direction of a Play (Marion McClinton) (nomination)
Drama Desk Award for Best Play (nomination)
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Actor in a Play (Mitchell) (nomination)
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play (Brown) (nomination)
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play (Davis) (WINNER)
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Set Design of a Play (David Gallo) (nomination)
2007 Off-Broadway
Audelco Award Dramatic Production of the Year (nomination)
Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Revival (nomination)
Notes
References
External links
Review, 2001
1999 plays
African-American plays
All-Black cast Broadway shows
Laurence Olivier Award-winning plays
Off-Broadway plays
Plays set in Pittsburgh
Plays set in the 1980s
The Pittsburgh Cycle
West End plays | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Hedley%20II |
Kjellmyra is a village in Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Flisa, about north of the village of Flisa and about south of the village of Gjesåsen.
The village has a population (2021) of 418 and a population density of .
References
Åsnes
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellmyra |
Braskereidfoss is a village in Våler Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Glomma, about north of the village of Våler. The Norwegian National Road 2 and the Solørbanen railway line both run through the village.
The village has a population (2021) of 229 and a population density of .
Braskereidfoss Station lies along the Solørbanen railway line which is currently a freight-only railway line since 1994. This is the only operating station between Elverum Station in Elverum at the north end of the line and Kongsvinger Station in Kongsvinger at south end. This station is primarily used for the on-loading of lumber, used by the local forestry industry.
The village is also close to an electricity generation dam on the river.
References
Våler, Innlandet
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braskereidfoss |
Suolijärvi is a small lake in Tampere, Finland. It is situated west of the suburb Hervanta. It has a small beach where people can sunbathe or swim during the summer. There are also two trails which bound the lake.
The name derives from Finnish suoli (intestine) and järvi (lake). This is probably due to the curved shape of the lake.
Suolijärvi is also a village near Puolanka in the Northern Finland east of Oulu.
References
Kokemäenjoki basin
Landforms of Pirkanmaa
Hervanta
Lakes of Tampere | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suolij%C3%A4rvi |
Heradsbygd is a village in Elverum municipality, Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Glomma, about south of the town of Elverum. The Norwegian National Road 2 and Solørbanen railway line both pass through the village. Heradsbygd Church is located in the village.
The village has a population (2021) of 421 and a population density of .
References
Elverum
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heradsbygd |
Madhav Das Nalapat (born 1950) is India's first Professor of Geopolitics and the UNESCO Peace Chair at Manipal University, where he is vice-chair of Manipal Advanced Research Group and Director of the Department of Geopolitics & International Relations. A journalist and a former Editor of The Times of India and of Mathrubhumi, he is currently the editorial director of ITV Network & The Sunday Guardian-India. Since 2020, he is a member of the executive committee of the Editors Guild of India.
Nalapat writes extensively on security, policy and international affairs. Apart from his Sunday Guardian column, his writings have been published in a very wide range of publications, including the Pakistan Observer.,
Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations,
United Press International,
China Daily,
The Diplomat,
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,
Economic and Political Weekly,
Rediff,
and CNN Global Public Square.
Background and family
Nalapat was born into a Malayalam-speaking Nair family with rich literary associations, the eldest of the three sons of writer Kamala Surayya and Kalipurayath madhav ]. His father, K. Madhav Das, was a banker who played a part in India's agriculture reforms in 1960. His mother is poet and writer Kamala Das, also known as Madhavikutty, and as "Kamala Surayya" after her late-in-life conversion to Islam.
Nalapat's paternal grandfather, Subramania Iyer, a Tamil Brahmin gentleman, edited the Malabar Quarterly Review. Nalapat's maternal grandfather V. M. Nair was Managing Editor and also Managing Director of Mathrubhumi, the widest circulating Malayalam daily, and he served as Chairman of the Press Trust of India for a peropd. Nalapat's maternal grandmother, Balamani Amma, was a distinguished writer and translator. Nalapat's larger family includes the rationalist and politician Nalapat Narayana Menon (Balamani Amma's maternal iuncle), and the half-Malayali, half-Irish, satirist, critic and novelist Aubrey Menen.
Nalapat is married to Lakshmi Bayi, Princess of Travancore. The erstwhile princely state of Travancore was a large and very ancient kingdom, which encompassed most of Kerala and parts of Tamil Nadu until it was merged into the Union of India in 1948. Princess Lakshmi Bayi is the maternal niece of Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma, the present Maharaja of Travancore. As per the Marumakkathayam system of Matrilineal succession prevailing in the state, the succession should have passed through Lakshmi Bayi, and her sons should have become Maharajas of Travancore. However, Nalapat and Lakshmi Bayi have no children.
Nalapat was educated at The Frank Anthony Public School, New Delhi and graduated a Gold-Medallist in economics from the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai).
Career
He began his academic career as fellow of the Centre for Political Research in 1974. Four years later he moved to business management, taking over as executive director of the Mathrubhumi Printing and Publishing Company Limited, where he implemented the Thiruvananthapuram edition project in the record time of twenty-seven months. The Malayalam word "Mathrubhumi" translates to "mother land" in English.
In 1984, he switched to the editorial side, taking over as Editor of the Mathrubhumi Daily and the Mathrubhumi Illustrated Weekly. Between 1984 and 1988 ABC figures showed an exponential growth of circulation; when he left circulation was 500,000. As Editor, he gave prominence to the war against corruption and against social injustices such as discrimination against women and the socially disadvantaged. Both these themes have been consistent ever since in his writings.
In 1989, Nalapat switched from Malayalam to English language when he joined as resident Editor of The Times of India in Bangalore. In 1994, he was transferred to Delhi to become the Resident Editor, and during his tenure circulation again increased exponentially.
In 1998, Nalapat switched from media to academia at Manipal University, where Ramdas Pai was Chancellor, later establishing the department of Geopolitics and International Relations, where he still teaches. He is also a distinguished fellow of the University of Georgia USA.
In 1999, Nalapat published Indutva, sometimes called the workbook of a secular Nationalist. The book advocates his theory that Indians are a composite of all the cultures in the history of India and share a common cultural DNA, and that if differences are accepted and faiths are different but equal, a pragmatic way out of poverty into social harmony can be achieved. Promoting pathways to religious tolerance and societal progress are still key themes in his work.
He has written 7 books, the latest in 2014 being The Practice of Geopolitics which contains his writings over the years on various important themes of International Relations.
Prof. Nalapat has worked exhaustively for the betterment of India–United States relations, recognizing the importance of a robust partnership between the United States and India in matters of global strategy and security. Nalapat was the first to define the Indo-Pacific as stretching from the Horn of Africa, to Vladivostok, Alaska and Chile. In 2003 he pitched a concept in Washington for an Asian NATO that has since evolved into the Quadrilateral Alliance. In 2020 he introduced his concept of The Indo-Pacific Charter to protect democracy and preserve peace in the Indo-Pacific region.
Since 1980s, Nalapat worked to improve Sino-Indian relations, visiting the country lecturing and writing in Chinese publications and talking on CGTN, and repeatedly pointing to the complementarities between India and China. Since 2017 when it became clear the global context had changed, he has been alerting the world to China's ambitions of global supremacy and hegemony.
He has fostered India-Taiwan ties in 1992 Nalapat persuaded PV Narasimha Rao to set up representative offices in Delhi and Taipei. Also in 1992 Nalapat argued for full recognition of Israel and in 2003 with JINSA he organised the first ever India-Israel-US trilateral in New Delhi.
Nalapat had advisory roles with former PM Rajiv Gandhi and PM P. V. Narasimha Rao. He never claims a current advisory role but his influence is manifest.
In 1999, Nalapat was appointed UNESCO Peace Chair at Manipal University for higher education to promote an integrated system of research, training, information and documentation activities in the field of peace, human rights, democracy, tolerance, non-violence and international understanding.
Nalapat's writings are published in four continents; his intellectual and academic analysis stretches from Europe, to the Indian Ocean, to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; he is known for his advocacy of free speech and freedom of press, transparency of governance and bureaucracy, defence of democracy and creating C21st education policy and systems in India that include India's civilisational history.
Nalapat has been the President of the International Interfaith Dialogue India. His vision for a stable world is reflected in his peacebuilding efforts; some examples are his associations with ASEAN, BRICS, RIC, the Quadrilateral Alliance, the Anglosphere, The Global Peace Foundation and Sravasti.
Apart from his work, he has played a key role in the literacy movement in Kerala, as the first honorary coordinator of the Kerala Association for Non-formal Education and Development. He was also the honorary secretary of the Kerala Children's Film Society, which screens educational films for children. He has also been active in environmental issues as honorary secretary of the Kerala Forestry Board. Recently Nalapat has been actively associated with "Swachh Bharat" (Clean India). He has been active in helping set up Water ATMs, where for a rupee a litre of drinking water can be accessed by the citizen.
Recently Nalapat has also given talks at literary festivals and at India Narrative, Sangam, M.A.S.T., Foreign Correspondents Club Hong Kong, National Maritime Foundation, Virat Hindustan Sangam, Rotary Club Bombay and the Indian Institute of Mass Communication.
Current affiliations
UNESCO Chair for the Promotion of the Culture of Peace and Non-Violence
Honorary Director, Department of Geopolitics & International Relations, Manipal Academy of Higher Education(An Institution of Eminence by the MHRD, Government of India)
Vice-chair, Manipal Advanced Research Group (MARG)
Editorial Director, The Sunday Guardian and Itv network (India)
Executive Committee Member, Editors Guild of India
Editor-in-Chief, Science, Technology and Security forum
Foreign Policy expert, Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations
Member of advisory board, India, China & America Institute, Georgia
Member of Resource Board, Center for International Relations, Washington D.C.
Member, Global Peace Foundation
Member of the Advisory Council, Naveen Hindustan Foundation, New Delhi
Advisor, Asianet Communications Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram
Life Member, Institute of Social & Economic Change, Bengaluru
Senior Associate, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru
Associate Member, United Services Institution, New Delhi
Advisory Board Member, Institute of Management, Meerut
References
External links
Online collection of MD Nalapat publications
UNESCO officials
Geopoliticians
Academic staff of Manipal Academy of Higher Education
University of Mumbai alumni
Malayali people
People from Kerala
Living people
Manipal Academy of Higher Education alumni
Indian officials of the United Nations
1950 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhav%20Das%20Nalapat |
Polly is a 1998 chick lit novel by Freya North about a young Englishwoman—the eponymous Polly.
Synopsis
As a teacher, Polly takes part in an exchange scheme that brings her to Vermont for a year. There, she fits in quite nicely and starts an affair with one of her male colleagues although she has left a boyfriend behind in London. In the end they are able to sort out their differences and make up.
Reception
Wales on Sunday called Polly "a fresh and witty follow-up to...Sally and Chloe", and the Stirling Observer described the novel as "lighthearted" and a good way to "pass the time on a long journey". Canada's National Post, on the other hand, called it "foul", summarizing the storytelling as "Enid Blyton, but with sex".
In November 1998 Polly reached #3 on The Guardians original paperback fiction bestseller list. In 1999, the Scottish Daily Record reported that film rights for the novel had been sold for an undisclosed amount.
Editions
Polly was first published by W. Heinemann in 1998. In 2001, translations were published in German, Czech, Dutch and Hungarian. In 2005, the Royal National Institute of Blind People published an audio version narrated by Juliet Prague. In 2012, the novel was reissued by HarperCollins in print and e-book formats.
References
1998 British novels
Chick lit novels
Novels set in Vermont
Arrow Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly%20%28North%20novel%29 |
Innbygda is the administrative centre of Trysil municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Trysilelva, about north of the village of Nybergsund. The village has a population (2021) of 2,433 and a population density of .
Trysil Church is located in the centre of the village. The village also has several hotels and tourist businesses due to its location near the Trysilfjellet skiing area.
Climate
Innbygda has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with cold winters and warm summers. Mean temperature in January is and in July it is . Precipitation is moderate at annually.
References
Trysil
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innbygda |
The Social Study of Information Systems (SSIS) is interested in people developing and using technology and the "culture" of those people.
SSIS studies these phenomena by drawing on and using "lenses" provided by social sciences, including philosophy, sociology, social psychology, organisational theory, political science.
Key universities
Key Universities involved in SSIS are: the London School of Economics (LSE), Lancaster University, University of Manchester, University of Warwick, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Salford, Case Western Reserve University, the University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, Harvard University, and Peking University.
Key people
High profile people in the field are Claudio Ciborra, Jannis Kallinikos, Chrisanthi Avgerou & Susan Scott, Tony Cornford (LSE), Wanda Orlikowski (MIT), Shoshana Zuboff (Harvard), Lucas Introna & Lucy Suchman (Lancaster), Joe Nandhakumar (Warwick), Wendy Currie (Greenwich), Geoff Walsham, Mathew Jones & Michael Barrett (Cambridge), Richard Boland & Kalle Lyytinen (Case Western), Rob Kling (Indiana).
Key publications
Quast, M., Handel, M. J., Favre, J.-M., Estublier, J. (2013) Social Information Systems : Agility Without Chaos, Enterprise Information Systems, Springer.
Walsham, G. (1993) Interpreting information systems in organizations, John Wiley, Chichester.
Zuboff, S. (1988) In the age of the smart machine: The future of work and power, Heinemann Professional, Oxford.
See also
Formative context
References
WJ Orlikowski, JJ Baroudi (1991) 'Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions', Information Systems Research, 1991
Avgerou C, (2000) ‘Information systems: what sort of science is it?’ Omega, vol 28, pp 567–579
External links
http://ccs.mit.edu/Wanda.html
http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/informationSystems/research/researchFoci/Default.htm
Information systems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Study%20of%20Information%20Systems |
Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of . It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol is named for 17th-century German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer.
Natural occurrence
Kaempferol is a secondary metabolite found in many plants, plant-derived foods, and traditional medicines. Its flavor is considered bitter.
In plants and food
Kaempferol is common in Pteridophyta, Pinophyta, and Angiospermae. Within Pteridophyta and Pinophyta, kaempferol has been found in diverse families. Kaempferol has also been identified in Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons of Angiosperms. The total average intake of flavonols and flavones in a normal diet is estimated as 23 mg/day, to which kaempferol contributes approximately 17%. Common foods that contain kaempferol include: apples, grapes, tomatoes, green tea, potatoes, onions, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, squash, cucumbers, lettuce, green beans, peaches, blackberries, raspberries, and spinach. Plants that are known to contain kaempferol include Aloe vera, Coccinia grandis, Cuscuta chinensis, Euphorbia pekinensis, Glycine max, Hypericum perforatum, Pinus sylvestris, Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sambucus nigra, and Toona sinensis, and Ilex. It also is present in endive.
Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of kaempferol occurs in four major steps:
Phenylalanine is converted into 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4-coumaroyl-CoA combines with three molecules of malonyl-coA to form naringenin chalcone (tetrahydroxychalcone) through the action of the enzyme chalcone synthase
Naringenin chalcone is converted to naringenin and then a hydroxyl group is added to form dihydrokaempferol
Dihydrokaempferol has a double bond introduced into it to form kaempferol
The amino acid phenylalanine is formed from the Shikimate pathway, which is the pathway that plants use in order to make aromatic amino acids. This pathway is located in the plant plastid, and is the entry to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids.
The phenylpropanoid pathway is the pathway that converts phenylalanine into tetrahydroxychalcone. Flavonols, including kaempferol, are products of this pathway.
Notes
External links
Flavonoid composition of tea: Comparison of black and green teas
Antidepressants
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Flavonoid antioxidants
Phytoestrogens
Progestogens | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaempferol |
The Time of the Oath is the seventh studio album by German power metal band Helloween, released in 1996. This is the first album following the death of their original drummer, Ingo Schwichtenberg, who was fired from the band after Chameleon and later committed suicide. This album was dedicated in his memory.
Album description
The Time of the Oath is a concept album. According to Andi Deris, it is based on the prophecies of Nostradamus, referring to the prophecies made for the years 1994 to 2000. Nostradamus' interpreters believe that he predicted a third World War followed by a millennium of peace if humans made the right choices. The album is meant to reflect the choices of humanity. The Keeper that appears on this album, having returned from the first two Keeper of the Seven Keys albums and later to return on the third, could represent God, or the stupidity of humanity in the form of the seventh trooper in the song "Before the War." Instead of a space scene as on the cover of Keeper of the Seven Keys Part 1, the area under the Keeper's hood is filled with stars and a line of golden rings, in the fashion of Master of the Rings' artwork. The track "The Time of the Oath" reflects on Act V of Faust Part Two, written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Andi Deris plays the part of Mephistopheles, reclaiming the soul of doctor Faust, whereas the Choir of the Orchestra "Johann Sebastian Bach", Hamburg, (conducted by Axel Bergstedt) sings the Dies irae from the traditional requiem, representing the angels rescuing Faust's lost soul.
The album contains three singles: "Power", "The Time of the Oath", and "Forever And One (Neverland)". The latter has a different track listing for the German release, which is titled "Forever And One Live".
Track listing
M - 3,4 also appears on "The Time of the Oath" single.
M - 5,6 also appears on the "Power" single.
M - 7,8 also appears on the "Forever and One" single.
Personnel
Andi Deris - vocals
Michael Weikath - lead guitar
Roland Grapow - rhythm guitar
Markus Grosskopf - bass
Uli Kusch - drums
Charts
Certifications
References
Helloween albums
1996 albums
Cultural depictions of Nostradamus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Time%20of%20the%20Oath |
Moby Dick (sometimes referred to as Moby Dick—Rehearsed) is a two-act drama by Orson Welles. The play was staged June 16–July 9, 1955, at the Duke of York's Theatre in London, in a production directed by Welles. The original cast included Welles, Christopher Lee, Kenneth Williams, Joan Plowright, Patrick McGoohan, Gordon Jackson, Peter Sallis, and Wensley Pithey. The play was published by Samuel French in 1965.
Welles used minimal stage design. The stage was bare, the actors appeared in contemporary street clothes, and the props were minimal. For example, brooms were used for oars, and a stick was used for a telescope. The actors provided the action, and the audience's imagination provided the ocean, costumes, and the whale.
Welles filmed approximately 75 minutes of the production, with the original cast, at the Hackney Empire and Scala Theatres in London. He hoped to sell the film to Omnibus, the United States television series which had presented his live performance of King Lear in 1953; but Welles stopped shooting when he was disappointed in the results. The film is lost.
Plot
The setting is a mid-19th-century American repertory theater. The play begins subtly as the audience arrives with the cast milling around an empty stage. The cast members generally fool around and complain about their boss and their forthcoming production of King Lear. Then, making a big dramatic entrance and smoking a cigar, the actor manager of the time comes on stage and tells them they are going to rehearse a version of Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby Dick that he has been adapting for the stage.
The cast grudgingly performs the play, improvising scenery from items lying around, and gradually get more into character as the play develops.
Productions
London
Directed by Orson Welles, the original production of Moby Dick—Rehearsed ran June 16–July 9, 1955, at the Duke of York's Theatre, London. Programmes for the London run, including the opening night performance, give the title as simply Moby Dick.
New York
Directed by Douglas Campbell, Moby Dick was presented on Broadway November 28–December 8, 1962, at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre. Orson Welles was not involved in the production, which ran 13 performances.
The play has since been performed numerous times on both sides of the Atlantic.
Film
Orson Welles filmed approximately 75 minutes of the original 1955 production, with the original cast, at the Hackney Empire and Scala Theatres in London. He hoped to sell the film to Omnibus, the United States television series which had presented his live performance of King Lear in 1953; but Welles stopped shooting when he was disappointed in the results. The film is lost, with the only copy believed to have been destroyed when a fire broke out at Welles's Madrid home in 1970, while he rented it to the actor Robert Shaw, who was drunkenly smoking in bed.
Because the film is lost, many people have speculated it was never created. However, evidence supporting the film having been made can be found in the book, The Films of Christopher Lee, by Pohle Jr. and HartPatrick McGoohan said in a 1986 interview that the excerpt of the film he saw while Welles was reviewing the rushes one day was fantastic.
In The Fabulous Orson Welles, by Peter Noble, cameraman Hilton Craig reveals: "it was by no means merely a photographed stage-play. On the contrary, it was shot largely in close-ups and looked very impressive on near-completion."
Kenneth Williams' autobiography Just Williams records Williams' apprehension at the project, as it was filmed by the play's cast in just one weekend at the then-abandoned Hackney Empire theatre. He describes how Welles' dim, atmospheric stage lighting made some of the footage so dark as to be unwatchable. At least 40 minutes of the play was filmed, but is now presumed lost.
Of the film project, Welles's official biographer Barbara Leaming wrote in 1985:
Persistent rumours over the years have hinted that there is a finished film of Welles's Moby Dick—Rehearsed stashed away somewhere, but Orson had barely started the film when he gave it up. "We shot for three days", he recalls, "and it was obvious it wasn't going to be any good, so we stopped. There was no film made at all. We only did one and a half scenes. I said, let's not go on and waste our money, because it's not going to be any good."
In support of this, Leaming quotes Welles's friend at the time, the playwright Wolf Mankowitz, who said: "Orson's attitude is a very pragmatic one. He thinks until you get on the set with the actors and lights and the rest of it, you don't know whether it's going to work or not. And he simply reserves the right as an artist to sort of drop it if it doesn't work."
It is believed that the Munich Film Museum, which holds many of Welles's unfinished films, is in possession of the reels of the unfinished film; but by the time they had been donated in the 1990s, the reels had deteriorated beyond recovery; nonetheless, the museum is preserving these reels in case future technologies may be able to recover them.
The Moby Dick—Rehearsed film is not to be confused with a later unfinished film project in 1971, wherein Welles filmed 22 minutes of various scenes from the play, playing all the parts himself. The footage of that film was acquired by the Munich Film Museum in 1995 and restored in 1999.
Other film versions
The play was adapted for Australian television in 1965.
References
External links
wellesnet: The orson welles web resource
Kenneth Williams recalls Moby Dick Rehearsed and Orson Welles (1978)
1955 films
Lost American films
Plays by Orson Welles
Plays based on novels
American films based on plays
Works based on Moby-Dick | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moby%20Dick%E2%80%94Rehearsed |
Donald Rhys Hubert Peers (10 July 1908 – 9 August 1973) was a Welsh singer of traditional pop. His best remembered rendition and signature song was "In a Shady Nook by a Babbling Brook".
Biography
Early life
Peers was born in the Welsh mining town of Ammanford, Carmarthenshire on 10 July 1908. His father was a colliery worker and a prominent member of the Plymouth Brethren who disapproved of the variety theatre, and never heard or saw his son work. Peers' family were hoping he would become a schoolteacher, but he had other ambitions and left home at the age of sixteen.
Peers travelled around the country working as a house painter and, for a time in January to March 1927, went to sea as a mess steward on ships. In September 1927, he decided to enter show business and he made his debut in a concert party called "Tons of Fun" at the New Theatre in Lowestoft. He continued with the touring company in a show called "Comedy Concoctions - on Tour" for a few weeks until it disbanded. He auditioned for the BBC and his first BBC Radio broadcast on 2LO took place on 17 December 1927, with the London Radio Dance Band. One of the songs he sang was, "In a Shady Nook by a Babbling Brook", which became his most requested song and, later, his signature tune.
Career
He made several more radio broadcasts and these led to him touring the variety stages in a concert party called "Pleasure" where he accompanied himself on the ukulele and also gave ukulele solos. He was engaged to appear in the "Babes in the Wood" pantomime at the Grand, Plymouth in December 1928. Following that he went into a touring revue called "Spare Time" and received very good notices. His London debut took place in a revue at the Bedford Theatre in 1929. December 1929 found him back at the Grand, Plymouth where he starred in the pantomime "Cinderella" playing Dandini and then he toured in a revue called "Laugh, Hang It, Laugh". The latter half of 1930 was spent touring with another revue called " A Vaudeville Voyage" when he was described as a light comedian.
In May 1926 he met Gertrude Mary Thomson in Richmond, North Riding of Yorkshire and they eventually married on 7 June 1930 in Harrogate. Their daughter, Sheila, was born on 25 April 1931. He continued to tour with revues and with appearances on the variety stage and from February 1932 he was being billed as "The Laughing Cavalier of Song". In November and December 1932, he took part in two experimental television broadcasts playing banjo solos. In 1933, after an appearance on the BBC Music Hall programme booked as The Laughing Cavalier of Song, he got a recording contract with HMV Records. He soon moved to Eclipse Records who sold through Woolworths on 8" records and he made a number of records for them during 1934 and 1935.
In 1940 Peers enlisted in the Royal Army Service Corps as a clerk, where he served until D-Day in 1944, when he was invalided out. When in service, he entertained his fellow troops in shows. He continued to make records for Decca during the war and in 1944 he recorded "In a Shady Nook by a Babbling Brook", written by E.G. Nelson and Harry Pease in 1927.
Peers began a new radio series for the BBC's Light Programme on 5 August 1947 and this was very successful over the next two years. It resulted in a string of hit records in the late 1940s with recordings such "I Can't Begin To Tell You", "Bow Bells", "Far Away Places", "On The 5.45" (a vocal version of "Twelfth Street Rag", with lyrics by Andy Razaf), "Powder Your Face With Sunshine" (one of his biggest successes), "Lavender Blue (Dilly Dilly)", "A Strawberry Moon (In A Blueberry Sky)", "Everywhere You Go", "Clancy Lowered the Boom", "It Happened in Adano", "A Rose in a Garden of Weeds", "I'll String Along with You" and "Down in the Glen". His popularity was such that on 9 May 1949 he performed his two-hour one-man show at the Royal Albert Hall in front of an enthusiastic crowd of 8692. Henry Hall booked him with Billy Russell and Norman Wisdom for a new show called Buttons & Bows which opened for a summer season at the Grand in Blackpool on 20 June 1949. Unfortunately Peers had to withdraw from the show at the end of August because of throat trouble. This led to a throat operation and he was unable to sing for six months. He recovered to headline the London Palladium in August 1950 and he appeared in the Royal Variety Performance. on 13 November that year. Peers continued recording with songs such as, "The Last Mile Home", "Dear Hearts and Gentle People", "Out of a Clear Blue Sky", "Music! Music! Music!", "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake", "Enjoy Yourself (It's Later Than You Think)", "Dearie", "I Remember the Cornfields", "Beloved, Be Faithful", "Me and My Imagination", "Mistakes", "In a Golden Coach" (a celebratory number for the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II), "Is It Any Wonder" and "Changing Partners".
Peers found a favourable audience in Australia. In 1950 alone he placed the following 12 songs into Australia's Top 20: "Music! Music! Music! (Put Another Nickel In)", "I Told Them All About You", "(If I Knew You Were Comin') I'd've Baked a Cake", "Harry Lime Theme", "Twenty Four Hours of Sunshine", "Dearie", "Tennessee Waltz", "Enjoy Yourself (It's Later Than You Think)", "Oh, You Sweet One", "Rolling 'Round the World", "My Golden Baby", and "Daddy's Little Girl". On 31 May 1954 he went to Australia to tour and remained there for 2½ years. His wife and daughter did not accompany him and on his return in 1956 he announced that he was seeking a divorce. There was a maintenance dispute which was the subject of a legal battle but his wife would not agree to a divorce as she was a Roman Catholic. His long term partner became Kay O'Dwyer who managed his affairs and had accompanied him to Australia.
During his absence in Australia, his fans had forgotten him and the pop music scene had changed dramatically with the arrival of rock 'n' roll. He returned to TV and radio work but eventually Peers found work via the club circuit, which had taken over from the variety theatres. In May 1962, Peers was given his own BBC Wales television programme, Donald Peers Presents, and during the series he introduced Tom Jones and also scientist and writer Brian J. Ford, this time playing boogie piano.
Peers kept busy with many guest appearances on TV shows and in February 1964 he became the compere of BBC TV's new "Club Night" programme, a 40-minute show televised from provincial social clubs with new and well-known entertainers. The show was very successful and he made 18 appearances over the next year or so. Shows for the BBC Light Programme and for BBC2 followed.
He made a comeback to the record charts with "Please Don't Go" (a ballad set to the tune of Offenbach's "Barcarolle" from The Tales of Hoffmann), which reached No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart in 1969. He made several appearances on BBC-TV's Top of the Pops in February 1969 to promote his record. Eddy Arnold had pop and country success with his cover version. This was followed by a string of singles and albums by Peers, but it was not until 1972 that he had another minor hit with "Give Me One More Chance", which reached the UK Top 40.
He suffered a serious accident in Australia in 1971 when he fell and broke his back. The recovery took a long time and for a while he was confined to a wheelchair.
Films
He appeared in a couple of films.
The Balloon Goes Up (1942). Balloon unit WAAFs catch German spies. Peers played "Sergeant Jim" and sang "You've Gotta Smile". "I'll Soon Be Coming Home" and "Keep Looking for the Rainbow".
Sing Along with Me (1952). He played David Parry, a humble grocer who wins a radio song-writing contest. Peers sang "Take My Heart", "If You Smile at the Sun", "Hoop Diddle-i-do-ra-li-ay", "Down at the Old Village Hall" and "I Left My Heart in a Valley in Wales". The review in Kinematograph Weekly stated "The picture presents Donald Peers with a simple yet effective vehicle for his screen debut, and he returns the compliment by easily adapting his flawless stage, radio and TV technique to the even more exacting demands of the "flicks." His friendly approach offsets his years, close-ups hold no terror for him, and, like the experienced trouper he is, he sees that all the ditties have rousing choruses."
Later life
Peers died from bronchial pneumonia in a Hove nursing home on 9 August 1973 at the age of 65, with The Brighton & Hove Gazette and Herald announcing his demise. He was cremated in the Downs Crematorium, Brighton. His memorial tablet in the Garden of Remembrance, now weather-beaten, reads, 'Donald Peers, August 1973, Loved by Kates, "In a Shady Nook by a Babbling Brook"'.
Miscellaneous
In 1950 Peers knocked down and killed an elderly man in a road accident in Marylebone, London. He was cleared of any blame.
A keen golfer, Peers played in the British Amateur Championship at St. Andrews on 22 May 1950 but lost in the first round.
Peers' autobiography titled "Pathway" was published in 1951.
In 1954, Peers was sued by his former pianist Ernest John Ponticelli for arrears of salary of £490 and ultimately was required to pay just £200 to Mr. Ponticelli.
Discography
Singles
References
Bibliography
Peers, Donald (1951) Pathway, the autobiography, London Werner Laurie, 1951: ASIN B0017D2D0O
Nobbs, George (1971) The Wireless Stars Wensum Books, ASIN: B01MCYF173
Busby, Roy (1976) British Music Hall – An Illustrated Who's Who from 1850 to the Present Day Hofer Collins,
External links
Donald Peers – The 1950s Pop Idol
1908 births
1973 deaths
Welsh crooners
20th-century Welsh male singers
Traditional pop music singers
People from Ammanford
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Army Service Corps soldiers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Peers |
S (에스) is a South Korean project group consisting of three members: Kangta, Lee Ji-hoon and Shin Hye-sung. The group debuted in 2003, under the SM Entertainment label. After 11 years, they released and promoted another mini-album in 2014.
History
In 2003, S released their first album Fr.In.Cl, which stands for Friends in Classic. In 2014, after more than a decade in hiatus, the group released their second mini-album Autumn Breeze on October 27. As member Kangta wrote and produced the songs, it was said that his "unique music style and the trio’s harmonious voices will create beautiful ballads". On October 18, the group performed their title track "Without You (하고 싶은 거 다)" for the first time at SM Entertainment's agency-wide concert SM Town in Shanghai. The music video for the song was released on October 24, starring Kwon Yuri of Girls' Generation. The group continued to promote the song on various South Korean music programs, such as on Immortal Songs 2 on November 3.
Band members
Kangta
Shin Hye-sung
Lee Ji-hoon
Discography
Studio albums
EP
Concert tours
SMTown
2014: SM Town Live World Tour IV
Awards and nominations
References
South Korean boy bands
South Korean contemporary R&B musical groups
South Korean musical trios
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups disestablished in 2014
Kangta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%20%28South%20Korean%20band%29 |
Nybergsund is a village in the municipality of Trysil in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located about south of the village of Innbygda which is the municipal centre of Trysil. The village is best known for serving as a hiding place for the Norwegian royal family and Cabinet and sustaining German bombing during the German conquest of Norway. The village is also the birthplace of award-winning Norwegian writer and translator Tormod Haugen.
The village has a population (2021) of 370 and a population density of .
General information
Location
Nybergsund is located about south of the administrative center Innbygda. The village is built on the eastern banks of the Trysilelva (Trysil River), which is a segment of the larger river known in Sweden as Klarälven. Nybergsund is located roughly away from Norway's border with Sweden.
Name
Nybergsund was named after a local farm, Nyberg, and the element -sund, meaning strait. In the village's early days, the site of Nyberg farm was used as a harbor for ferries that went along Trysilelva.
History
World War II
Two nights after the invasion of Norway, on 11 April 1940, King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav, and the fleeing Norwegian government sought refuge in Nybergsund. Previously, they had been staying in the nearby town of Elverum to the southwest, where the Elverum Authorization was made that gave absolute power to the executive branch after the Parliament of Norway could no longer safely convene in Oslo. It was in Nybergsund that King Haakon met with his Cabinet, telling them of the ultimatum he received when he had met with German Minister to Norway, Curt Bräuer. The minister had urged him to follow the example of his brother Christian X of Denmark and capitulate, appointing the fascist leader Vidkun Quisling as the new Norwegian Prime Minister. King Haakon had already refused the minister's demands, despite threats of harsh conditions for Norway if he did not comply, but he also said that he could not give a decision until he consulted with the government ministers, who had the final word. In an emotional meeting with the Cabinet, King Haakon said that he felt it was against his duty as king and the will of the Norwegian people to give in to the demands, but he would abdicate so as not to stand in the way if the Government decided otherwise.
Within hours, the Cabinet had made their decision to not capitulate. They reached Minister Bräuer by telephone that night to inform him of their decision. They also broadcast a message to the Norwegian people on NRK, reiterating their decision and promising that Norway would resist the invasion for as long as possible.
Nybergsund was bombed by Luftwaffe aircraft at about 17:00 the next day, on 11 April 1940. No one was killed in the attack, but a number of buildings were destroyed, among them a local co-op, school, and telephone exchange office. When the bombing began, the royal family and cabinet ministers fled from their hotel out into the snow-covered forest nearby. The government then continued farther north towards Molde, where they were picked up by ship to Tromsø, which would later become the provisional capital until the country was completely under Germany's control in June 1940.
After the war, the area of forest that the royal family and cabinet sought refuge in became a park known as Kongeparken (The King Park). In 1946, King Haakon presented the park with a stone monument commemorating the bombing, and the event drew over 8,000 people. In 1990, on the 50th anniversary of the bombing, King Olav V unveiled a bust of his father, Haakon, to sit alongside the monument. Prime Minister Jan P. Syse and President of Parliament Jo Benkow were also in attendance. And in 1996, almost exactly fifty years after the first monument was erected, King Harald V and Queen Sonja gave the park a bust of his father, Olav, thus commemorating all the royal family members who had sought shelter in the forest during the attack.
In a 2005 interview from Aftenposten with King Harald V, he said of the Nybergsund meeting: "Of all the decisions made by the Cabinet, it is the one in Nybergsund on 10 April 1940 that is most important and significant for the Norwegian people in all 100 years of the monarchy."
Industry
Due to its location along the river Trysilelva, Nybergsund has attracted quite a few industries in the area. In 1957, Trysil Interiørtre, a wood processing business, began operations at a plant just across the Nybergsund Bridge on the west bank of Trysilelva. The location was chosen because of the ease of transporting logs downriver. The plant initially produced particle board, but has since changed its production slightly and now produces laminated and veneered components for furniture as well as fire-resistant wall linings for construction.
Another industry that takes advantage of Trysilelva is Sagnfossen Power Plant, located about south of Nybergsund. The Kaplan turbine-based hydroelectric power plant was built in 1945 and now generates of power per year for its owner, Eidsiva vannkraft. The plant is one of three on the Norwegian side of the river.
In 1997, a small dairy opened up in Nybergsund called TINE Meieriet Trysil. The dairy, which specializes in pultost and skjørost, has 13 employees and processes of milk into cheese yearly.
Nybergsund was also home to a bakery that was in operation until the 1980s. The bakery building, located in the village center, has since been turned into part of the Trysil/Engerdal museum, and occasionally holds bakery days where local residents get together and bake traditional recipes.
The village also features some local retail businesses, such as a convenience store, a tailor, an auto repair shop, and a gas station with a post office inside it (post i butikk).
Transportation
Riksvei 26 is the central road in Nybergsund, extending north towards Innbygda and south towards the Swedish border, where it becomes Riksväg 62. Riksvei 25 lies just north of the village, and it runs east towards Østby and southwest towards Tørberget.
Both roads cross Trysilelva at the newly built Nybergsund Bridge. The original bridge was built of wood in 1929 and then was rebuilt out of steel in 1949. The old bridge was very narrow and traffic could only pass one way at a time, regulated by traffic lights, so in 2004, the Norwegian Public Roads Administration commissioned a new one to be built just north of the old site. The bridge, which was completed on 24 August 2005, cost 19.5 million kroner and uses a wooden arch design. The old bridge is still in operation but has been downgraded to a municipal road.
The village is also served by a local bus route, Trysilekspressen (The Trysil Express). The service, managed by Boreal Transport, runs busses between Trysil and Oslo several times per day.
Recreation
The village has a local football team, Nybergsund I.L., that was founded in 1918. It currently plays in the Norwegian Second Division, having been relegated from Adeccoligaen in 2011. They play at Nybergsund Stadion on Idrettsvegen. The stadium features artificial turf and seating for up to 1,500 spectators. Aside from the stadium, there are also sports facilities at the local Nybergsund School, including a small football field, basketball court, and skateboard ramp.
There are many marked hiking trails in the area that lead up to local mountains such as Klank, which rises to above sea level at its peak. During the summer, the bathing area at the lake Tjønna is very popular, with public facilities such as picnic tables, changing rooms, bathrooms, and a beach volleyball court. On the west side of Trysilelva there is Trysil Skytterlag, a shooting range with a covered firing point. The village also has a community center that regularly hosts events such as bingo and concerts.
Trysilfjellet mountain and the associated ski resort owned by Skistar is also very close to Nybergsund, lying just to the northwest. The ski resort is the largest in Norway, featuring 31 lifts and 66 different slopes. The resort is popular mainly because of its relatively close proximity to Oslo, with about two and a half hours of travel time by car each way.
References
Trysil
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nybergsund |
Dr. John Van Nostrand Dorr (1872–1962) was an industrial chemist active in early to middle twentieth century. He was born in 1872 in Newark, New Jersey. He worked with Thomas Edison before attending Rutgers University, from which he obtained a B.S. in chemistry in 1894.
His major contribution in the field of chemical engineering was the development of the Dorr classifier which became a practical method for the separation and chemical treatment of fine solids suspended in liquid. This technology was used in sewage treatment, water purification, de-silting projects, minerals milling, and sugar production. He founded the Dorr Company in 1916.
In the early 1950s, Dorr postulated that at night and when rain, snow or fog impaired vision, drivers hugged the white lines painted in the middle of highways. Dorr believed this led to numerous accidents and that painting a white line along the outside shoulders of the highways would save lives. Dorr convinced highway engineers in Westchester County, New York, to test his theory along a stretch of highway with curves and gradients. The decrease in accidents was dramatic and a follow-up test in Connecticut had similar results. Dorr then used his own foundation to publicize the demonstration's results.
Dorr was awarded the Franklin Institute's John Scott Medal in 1916, the Chemical Industry Medal in 1938, and the Perkin Medal by the Society of Chemical Industry in 1941. He was the benefactor of several major philanthropies, as well as founding his own charity, the Dorr Foundation.
References
1872 births
1962 deaths
Rutgers University alumni
American chemical engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20V.%20N.%20Dorr |
Gdynia Chylonia railway station is a railway station serving the city of Gdynia, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1870 and is located in the Chylonia district on the Gdańsk–Stargard railway and the parallel Gdańsk Śródmieście–Rumia railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne and SKM Tricity.
There is a memorial plaque to Polish General Antoni Heda at the station.
Modernisation
The platforms used by PR services were modernised in 2014.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Regional services (R) Tczew — Gdynia Chylonia
Regional services (R) Tczew — Słupsk
Regional services (R) Malbork — Słupsk
Regional services (R) Malbork — Gdynia Chylonia
Regional services (R) Elbląg — Gdynia Chylonia
Regional services (R) Elbląg — Słupsk
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Olsztyn Główny
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Smętowo
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Laskowice Pomorskie
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Bydgoszcz Główna
Regional services (R) Słupsk — Bydgoszcz Główna
Regional services (R) Gdynia Chylonia — Pruszcz Gdański
Regional services (R) Władysławowo - Reda - Gdynia Główna
Regional services (R) Hel - Władysławowo - Reda - Gdynia Główna
Regional services (R) Luzino — Gdynia Główna
Regional services (R) Słupsk — Gdynia Główna
Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Gdynia Główna — Gdańsk Osowa — Gdańsk Port Lotniczy (Airport) — Gdańsk Wrzeszcz
Szybka Kolej Miejska services (SKM) (Lębork -) Wejherowo - Reda - Rumia - Gdynia - Sopot - Gdansk
References
External links
Railway stations in Poland opened in 1870
Railway stations served by Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)
Railway stations served by Przewozy Regionalne InterRegio
Chylonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gdynia%20Chylonia%20railway%20station |
Rena is the administrative centre of Åmot Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at the confluence of the rivers Glomma (Norway's longest river) and Rena (a tributary to Glomma). It is located about north of the village of Åsta and about south of the village of Koppang. The village has a population (2021) of 2,216 and a population density of .
The Rena Campus of the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences is located in Rena. It has a modern school building plus student dormitories at this site. There are also two Chinese restaurants, a public cinema, and several hotels in the village. Åmot Church is also located in the village as well. Rena is the starting point of both the Birkebeinerrennet ski race and the Birkebeinerrittet Mountain bike race.
The village lies within the Østerdalen valley which is a mountainous and forested area. The surrounding area has several lakes, forests and rivers. Just northeast of Rena is the Rena Military Camp, Norway's largest military camp. This area is used by the military for special forces training.
Climate
Rena has a subarctic climate (Dfc) although it has some of the warmest summer days in Norway. Winters are very cold and snowy.
Notable people
References
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River
Åmot | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rena%2C%20Norway |
Whitley Bay Ice Rink is an ice rink located in Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear, England and is the home of the Whitley Warriors ice hockey team. An additional team played out of the ice rink, the Newcastle Vipers, who are now disbanded. It is one of two permanent public ice rinks in the north east of England. A ten-pin bowling centre in the area upstairs which was added in the 1960s was closed in 2007. This area (as of 2019) is now home to a newly refurbished entertainment suite and conference facility.
About
It was also the region's premier concert venue, until the Newcastle Arena opened in 1995. Artists that have performed at the venue include Status Quo, AC/DC, The Cure, Wham!, Iron Maiden, KISS, Metal Church, Metallica, Kylie Minogue, New Kids on the Block, Oasis, Pet Shop Boys, Sting, The Stone Roses and Take That, among others.
Surprisingly, Whitley Bay Ice Rink has only ever held one professional boxing event - Chris Eubank KO’d Jose Ignacio Barruetebana in just 55 farcical seconds in a main event of that 1995 show. However, the WWE then WWF held three wrestling house shows at the rink in 1993 with wrestlers such as The Undertaker, Shawn Michaels, Bret Hart, Randy Savage, Razor Ramon, Diesel, Ted Dibiase and Yokozuna appearing. As with concerts the WWE now does all of its Newcastle shows in the larger Utilita Arena.
In 2005, the ice rink was used to film BBC sitcom Thin Ice. Even though the series was set in Derby, Whitley Bay Ice Rink was chosen because the production company had used the venue on numerous occasions in the past. Although reference is made to Whitley Bay as the host of the British Championships in the programme, no mention is made in the credits.
In 2006, the ice rink was criticized by local authorities after demonstrating exceedingly poor fire regulations when a blaze was discovered. Skaters continued on the ice whilst the fire escalated.
2008 saw the rink undertake several improvements, such as new barriers and plexi glass, bench doors for hockey players and a new Zamboni (an ice resurfacer).
The Newcastle Vipers played their remaining home games at Whitley Bay ice rink due to the Utilita Arena not participating in holding sports events anymore. This stopped when the Vipers ceased operation at the end of the 2010/11 season.
Whitley Bay Beacons, the rinks all femal team play out of the rink, hosting 3 teams across various levels. Their First team plays in the WNIHL Elite division, Second team Plays in WNIHL Div 2 and their third team in the organisation is their Under 16s Development Squad.
Whitley Bay Ice Rink is also host to Grass roots ice hockey teams, ranging from Whitley Bay Junior Development teams to Recreational teams and University squads also;
Junior System -
Under 8s
Under 10s
Under 12s
Under 16s
Under 18s
Recreational Teams- [Training Nights]
Whitley Bay Islanders [Monday]
Tyneside Jesters [Thursday]
Durham Dragons [Thursday]
Newcastle Coyotes [Friday]
Whitley Bay Sharks [Friday]
Whitley Wildcats [Saturday]
North East Nomads [Saturday]
Newcastle Predators [Sunday]
References
External links
Official site
Indoor ice hockey venues in England
Whitley Bay | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitley%20Bay%20Ice%20Rink |
"Winter Dreams" is a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald that was first published in Metropolitan magazine in December 1922 and later collected in All the Sad Young Men in 1926. The plot concerns the attempts by a young man to win the affections of an upper-class woman. The story, frequently anthologized, is regarded as one of Fitzgerald's finest works "for poignantly portraying the loss of youthful illusions."
In the Fitzgerald canon, the story is considered to be in the "Gatsby-cluster" as many of its themes were later expanded upon in his famous novel The Great Gatsby in 1925. Writing his editor Max Perkins in June 1925, Fitzgerald described "Winter Dreams" as "a sort of first draft of the Gatsby idea."
Background
The short story was based upon Fitzgerald's unsuccessful romantic pursuit of socialite Ginevra King. A wealthy heiress from a Chicago banking family, Ginevra enjoyed a privileged upbringing and was feted in the Chicago social scene as a member of the elite "Big Four" debutantes during World War I. While teenagers, Ginevra and Fitzgerald met at a sledding party and shared an unconsummated romance from 1915 to 1917, but their budding relationship soon ended when Ginevra's imperious father, Charles G. King, publicly humiliated the impressionable young writer and bluntly told him that "poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls." Heeding her father's advice, Ginevra spurned Fitzgerald due to his lack of financial prospects. Fitzgerald later claimed that Ginevra had rejected him "with the most supreme boredom and indifference." Purportedly, "Fitzgerald was so smitten by King that for years he could not think of her without tears coming to his eyes."
Plot summary
Dexter Green is a middle-class young man born in rural Minnesota who aspires to be part of the "old money" elite of the American Midwest. His father owns the second most profitable grocery store in the town. To earn money, Dexter works part-time as a teenage caddie at a golf club in Black Bear Lake, Minnesota, where he meets the eleven-year-old Judy Jones. He quits his job rather than be Judy's caddie as he cannot abide acting as one of her obsequious servants.
After college, Dexter becomes involved in a partnership in a laundry business. He returns to the Sherry Island Golf Club and is invited to play golf with the affluent men for whom he once caddied. He encounters Judy Jones again on the golf course, only now she is older and more beautiful. Later in the evening on Black Bear Lake, Dexter swims to a raft where he encounters Judy who is piloting a motor boat. She asks him to drive the boat while she rides behind, aquaplaning. After this encounter, Judy invites Dexter to dinner, and a romance blossoms. However, he soon discovers that he is merely one of a dozen beaus whom she is clandestinely romancing.
After eighteen months, while Judy is vacationing in Florida, Dexter becomes engaged to Irene Scheerer, a kind-hearted but ordinary-looking girl. When Judy returns, however, she again ensnares Dexter's affections and asks him to marry her. Dexter breaks off his engagement with Irene, only to be unceremoniously dropped again by Judy a month later. Unable to cope with this recurrent heartbreak, Dexter joins the American Expeditionary Forces to fight in the Great War.
Seven years later, Dexter has become a successful businessman in New York. He has become wealthy but hasn't visited his home in years. One particular day, a Detroit man named Devlin visits Dexter on a business pretext. During the meeting, Devlin reveals that Judy Simms—formerly Judy Jones—is the wife of one of his friends. Devlin recounts how Judy's beauty has faded, and her husband treats her callously. This news demoralizes Dexter as he still loves Judy. Later Dexter realizes that his dream is gone and that he can never return home.
Critical response
Fitzgerald biographer Matthew J. Bruccoli described "Winter Dreams" as "the strongest of the Gatsby-cluster stories." He continues:
Scholar Tim Randell has asserted that "Winter Dreams" should be regarded as a crowning literary achievement as Fitzgerald "achieves a dialectical metafiction" in which he deftly criticizes "class relations and print culture." Fitzgerald's short story "identifies ruling class interests as the collective origin of meaning and 'reality' for the entire social body" and "conveys the possibility of counter, collective meanings" driven by class antagonism. Randell argues that the story chronicles a young man's alienation with modernity due to a "lack of communal meaning" and his self-conscious descent into despair and melancholy.
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Complete Text of "Winter Dreams" – University of South Carolina
The New York Times Book Review in March 1926, on All the Sad Young Men
"Metafiction and the Ideology of Modernism in Fitzgerald's 'Winter Dreams'" by Tim Randell, from The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review on JSTOR
Short stories by F. Scott Fitzgerald
1922 short stories
1920s short stories
American short stories
Works originally published in Metropolitan Magazine (New York City) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter%20Dreams |
Mesnali is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about southeast of the town of Lillehammer and about southwest of Sjusjøen. Sjusjøen is an area in Norway that is very famous for its wintersports such as cross-country and downhill skiing. The area just north of Mesnali has one of the largest concentrations of holiday cottages in all of Norway.
The town has a population (2021) of 372 and a population density of .
Mesnali is also known as the site of the grave of Sigrid Undset, a Norwegian author who was awarded the Nobel prize for literature. Her portrait was on the Norwegian 500-kroner note from 1994 until 2020.
References
Ringsaker
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesnali |
Kylstad or Kylstadfeltet is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about east of the town of Brumunddal and about north of the village of Nydal.
The town has a population (2021) of 400 and a population density of .
References
Ringsaker
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylstad |
Kvål or Kvalfeltet is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about northwest of the village of Nydal and about the same distance north of the village of Furnes. The village lies just north of the European route E6 highway.
The town has a population (2021) of 264 and a population density of .
References
Ringsaker
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A5l%2C%20Innlandet |
Nydal is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the European route E6 highway about northwest of the town of Hamar and about southeast of the town of Brumunddal. The village of Furnes lies about to the southwest and the village of Kvalfeltet lies about to the northwest.
The village had a population (2012) of 849 and a population density of . Since 2012, it has been included as a part of the urban area of the town of Hamar so the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
References
Ringsaker
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nydal |
Ådalsbruk is a village in Løten municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Svartelva, just east of the Norwegian National Road 3. The village of Løten lies about north of Ådalsbruk and the village of Romedal lies about to the south.
The village has a population (2021) of 759 and a population density of .
Ådalsbruk is an old industrial site. The village name was taken from the iron works Aadals Brug Jernstøberi og Mek. Værksted which existed from 1842 to 1928. The paper mill Klevfos Cellulose- og Papirfabrik existed from 1888 to 1976, and now that is a museum.
The village formerly had its own railway station, Ådalsbruk Station, which was a stop along the Røros Line.
Notable people
Edvard Munch, the painter, was born in Ådalsbruk in 1863.
References
Løten
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85dalsbruk |
The Vought XF2U was a prototype biplane fighter aircraft evaluated by the United States Navy at the end of the 1920s, but was already outclassed by competing designs and never put into production.
Development and design
Vought's O2U Corsair, first delivered in 1927, was a successful design that set several speed and altitude record in that year. To compete for the Bureau of Aeronautics requirement for a two-seat carrier-based fighter, Vought adapted this design, but progress was slow. Ordered on 30 June 1927, the aircraft was not completed until June 1929. It was no longer state-of-the-art; in particular Curtiss' F8C Falcon was further along.
The aircraft was constructed of welded steel tubing, covered in fabric. The wings were made of wood and fabric covered. The prototype first flew on 21 June 1929, and was tested on a simulated carrier deck in Norfolk, Virginia. It was found satisfactory, allaying concerns about problems due to the rather long cowling over the engine. The aircraft then went to the Naval Aircraft Factory, who operated it until 6 March 1931, when it was lost in a crash landing.
Specifications
References
Further reading
External links
Vought page on the XF2U
F02U
Vought F02U
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought%20XF2U |
Heimdal or Jønsrud is a village in Løten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway its distance from Oslo is 130.5 km. The village is located about northeast of the village of Løten and the village of Brenneriroa.
The village had a population (2012) of 287 and a population density of . Since 2012, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
References
Løten
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimdal%2C%20Innlandet |
Tangen is a village in Stange Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located near the shores of the large lake Mjøsa, about south of the village of Stangebyen. The small village of Espa lies about to the south of Tangen.
The village has a population (2021) of 535 and a population density of .
The Dovrebanen railway line runs through the village, stopping at Tangen Station. The European route E6 highway runs along the east side of Tangen.
Notable people
Odvar Nordli, former Prime Minister of Norway, was born and raised in Tangen.
References
Stange
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangen |
Ingeberg is a village in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about north of the village of Ridabu and about northeast of the town of Hamar. The first document mentioning the village is dated 1339 and is in the state archives at Hamar.
The village has a population (2021) of 891 and a population density of .
References
Hamar
Villages in Innlandet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeberg |
Aerodrom (; meaning Airport) was one of five city municipalities which constituted the City of Kragujevac. According to the 2002 census results, the municipality had a population of 36,217 inhabitants. The municipality was formed in May 2002, only to be dissolved in March 2008.
Municipality
The Municipality of Aerodrom covered the area of about 232 square kilometres, and comprised a part of urban Kragujevac and 17 villages:
Aerodrom
Uglješnica
Vinogradi
Šumarice
Jovanovac
Cvetojevac
Resnik
Novi Milanovac
Petrovac
Opornica
Desimirovac
Cerovac
Lužnice
Gornje Jarušice
Čumić
Mali Šenj
Pajazitovo
Mironić
Gornje Grbice
Šljivovac
Poskurice
Erdec
Gallery
References
External links
Šumadija
Defunct urban municipalities of Kragujevac
Šumadija District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodrom%2C%20Kragujevac |
The 15th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2004 Producers Guild Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2003, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on January 17, 2004. The ceremony was hosted by John Larroquette. The nominees were announced on January 5, 2004.
Winners and nominees
Film
{| class=wikitable style="width="100%"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#abcdef;"| Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"|
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King – Barrie M. Osborne, Peter Jackson, and Fran Walsh Cold Mountain
The Last Samurai
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
Mystic River
Seabiscuit
|}
Television
David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion PicturesDino De LaurentiisDavid Susskind Achievement Award in TelevisionLorne MichaelsMilestone AwardWarren BeattyStanley Kramer AwardJim Sheridan and Arthur Lappin for In America
Vanguard Award
James Cameron
Visionary Award
Mike Nichols and Cary Brokaw for Angels in America
References
2003
2003 film awards
2003 television awards
Producers Guild Awards
2003 guild awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th%20Producers%20Guild%20of%20America%20Awards |
Endiang is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within the County of Stettler No. 6. It is located approximately southeast of Stettler.
Although Endiang enjoyed fair prosperity in the early years of the 20th century, the Great Depression, World War II, and better transportation have led to the depopulation of the local farming community, and with it, of the hamlet. In former years, Endiang was home to a post office, two general stores, two hardware stores, a bank, a train station, grain elevators, a hotel and pool hall, a gas station, a tractor dealership, a lumber yard, and all the other establishment expected in most communities. Today, Endiang is still home to a community hall and a restaurant.
The hamlet is located in Census Division No. 7 and in the federal riding of Crowfoot.
History
A little known fact about Endiang is that during the cold war it was considered the place most likely for conflict between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. to begin. If the Soviet Union were to have fired a missile first, and the American military were to respond, it was considered likely that the two missiles would collide over Endiang. This fact was immortalised in the poem "Armageddon at Endiang, Alberta".
An interesting bit of history is that the original settlement of Endiang was located about 5 kilometers northeast of the present hamlet and was established by William Foreman on his homestead in 1910. It was named for a summer resort hotel the Foreman family owned in the Muskoka Lakes region of Ontario, named "Endiang", from the Anishinaabe language Endaayaang, meaning "our home". The tiny settlement included a post office, a store, and a hall. When the CNR built a railroad through the area in 1925, it missed the original settlement, so with the aid of horse power, the buildings were moved to the new site of Endiang.
Endiang is also notable for being the home to the Shaben family, some of whom were involved in the establishment of the first mosque in Alberta.
NHL hockey player Darcy Tucker, who played for Montreal, Tampa Bay, Toronto, and Colorado, was raised in Endiang, and his family still resides there.
The history of the Endiang area was first recorded in local author Jean James' book This Was Endiang. In 2002 the history of the area was updated with family histories included in the book "Endiang - Our Home". The latest 650 page history book was the project of the Endiang History Book Committee.
The Endiang community celebrated their Centennial on July 23–25, 2010.
Geography
Endiang is located on a plain bounded by ranges of hills to the west and south, and by Sullivan Lake, a large alkali lake to the east. The Chain Lakes lie to the southwest. Its geography and climate is similar to that of most other prairie areas of East-Central and Southern Alberta, experiencing cold winters broken up by Chinook winds, and warm, dry summers. In recent years, Endiang has experienced both extreme droughts and extreme wet conditions, having a great impact on the local farming community, although this sort of weather pattern is typical of other such areas found in Palliser's Triangle.
Endiang's closest neighbor is the small hamlet of Byemoor, located about to the west. Together the two communities are commonly referred to as "Endmoor".
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Endiang had a population of 15 living in 11 of its 15 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 15. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Endiang had a population of 15 living in 8 of its 16 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 35. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of designated places in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
Hamlets in Alberta
Designated places in Alberta
County of Stettler No. 6 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endiang |
Migdalim () is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Located 45 kilometres east of Tel Aviv on road 505 and adjacent to the Palestinian hamlet of Qusra, it is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. In it had a population of .
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
History
According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from two Palestinian villages nearby in order to construct Migdalim:
177 dunums of land was confiscated from Qusra
17 dunums were confiscated from Jurish.
Migdalim was first established in 1984 as a pioneer Nahal military outpost, and demilitarized when turned over to residential purposes in 1986 to non-Orthodox Jewish Israelis. One of the reasons for choosing this location was to provide a continuity of settlements along the Trans-Samaria Highway between Kfar Tapuah on the "mountain spine" and Ma'ale Efrayim in the Jordan Valley.
On March 1, 2006, Eldad Abir, a resident of Migdalim, married with two children, was shot at point blank range and killed by Palestinians while working in the local gas station. The Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility for the murder.
An influx of new residents between 2012 and 2017 dramatically changed the demographics of Migdalim which shifted from being a dominantly secular Israeli community to becoming mix of religious and nonreligious, with majority leaning to the first. Events around hostilities with neighboring Palestinian town Qusra in December 2017 brought to light internal disputes between the two groups in Migdalim. A Facebook group called “Saving Migdalim” was formed by residents who claim that their town was taken over and its non religious atmosphere has changed as result.
References
External links
Migdalim Shomron Regional Council
Pictures of Migdalim
Non-religious Israeli settlements
Nahal settlements
Populated places established in 1984
1984 establishments in the Palestinian territories
Israeli settlements in the West Bank | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migdalim |
The Teatro della Pergola (), sometimes known as just La Pergola, is a historic opera house in Florence, Italy. It is located in the centre of the city on the Via della Pergola, from which the theatre takes its name. It was built in 1656 under the patronage of Cardinal Gian Carlo de' Medici to designs by the architect Ferdinando Tacca, son of the sculptor Pietro Tacca; its inaugural production was the opera buffa, by Jacopo Melani. The opera house, the first to be built with superposed tiers of boxes rather than raked semi-circular seating in the Roman fashion, is considered to be the oldest in Italy, having occupied the same site for more than 350 years.
It has two auditoria, the , with 1,500 seats, and the , a former ballroom located upstairs which has been used as a recital hall since 1804 and which seats 400.
Work on completing the interior was finished in 1661, in time for the celebration of the wedding of the future grand duke Cosimo III de' Medici, with the court spectacle by Giovanni Antonio Boretti. Primarily a court theatre used by the Grand Dukes of Tuscany, it was only after 1718 that it was opened to the public. In this theatre the great operas of Mozart were heard for the first time in Italy, and Donizetti's and , Verdi's Macbeth (1847) and Mascagni's were given their premiere productions.
By the nineteenth century, La Pergola was performing operas of the best-known composers of the day including Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti and Giuseppe Verdi. Verdi's Macbeth was given its premiere performance at La Pergola in 1847.
La Pergola's present appearance dates from an 1855–57 remodelling; it has the traditional horseshoe-shaped auditorium with three rings of boxes and topped with a gallery. It seats 1,000. It was declared a national monument in 1925 and has been restored at least twice since.
Today the theatre presents a broad range of about 250 drama performances each year, ranging from Molière to Neil Simon. Opera is only presented there during the annual Maggio Musicale Fiorentino.
Tommaso Sacchi is the Chairman of Fondazione Teatro della Toscana - Teatro della Pergola.
References
Notes
Sources
Lynn, Karyl Charna, Italian Opera Houses and Festivals, Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2005.
Plantamura, Carol, The Opera Lover's Guide to Europe, New York: Citadel Press, 1996.
External links
Teatro della Pergola's official website
Includes interior photograph
"Amici della Musica" regularly organize classical concerts, usually on Saturday and Sunday in the afternoon, at Teatro della Pergola
Opera houses in Italy
Theatres in Florence
Theatres completed in 1656
Music venues completed in 1656
Opera in Florence | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro%20della%20Pergola |
Haigh Foundry was an ironworks and foundry in Haigh, Lancashire, which was notable for the manufacture of early steam locomotives.
Origins
Haigh Foundry was established in the Douglas Valley in Haigh around 1790 by Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres and his brother Robert, as an ironworks and foundry. The ironworks was not a success but the foundry was, particularly after Robert Daglish became chief engineer in 1804, and the works acquired a reputation for manufacturing winding engines and pumping equipment for the coal mining industry. The foundry was leased by E.Evans and T.C.Ryley in 1835 for 21 years. The partners intended to produce railway locomotives and were later joined by a Mr Burrows.
In 1855 Haigh Foundry and Brock Mill Forge were offered for lease. They had manufactured some of "the largest pumping engines and the most powerful factory engines in the kingdom" in the previous decade. The iron works, on the bank of the River Douglas, consisted of a foundry, five cupola furnaces, three air furnaces for making the largest castings and another foundry for smaller pieces. Also on site were blacksmiths' and pattern-makers' shops, office, drawing shop, the foreman's house, boiler yard and iron warehouse. A water wheel driven by the river powered the machinery, line shafts and furnace blasts. The forge was powered by water and steam. Part of the works where spade making was carried out had Naysmyth steam hammers and a rolling mill. Also for lease was the firebrick and tile works which used fire clay from a nearby pit and had a kiln, drying sheds and a steam powered grinding wheels. The manager's house and cottages for workers were part of the lease. A railway line connecting it to the Lancashire and Yorkshire and London and North Western Railways was being built.
Locomotives and other products
Lancashire's first three steam locomotives were built here in 1812, 1815 and 1816 for John Clarke's Winstanley Colliery Railway at Orrell. In 1819, the firm built an 84" cylinder Cornish beam engine and beam engines were also exported to the colonies before 1820. After 1835 the foundry produced and type locomotives, many subcontracted from Edward Bury and Company. In 1837 Ajax was supplied to the Leicester and Swannington Railway, followed by Hector, an , a design so powerful that orders were received from a number of other railways.
The company built two broad gauge locomotives for the Great Western Railway with upward gearing in 1838 but these were not successful and the gearing was removed around 1840. Four more s for the South Devon Railway were built to a design by Daniel Gooch in the 1850s (Damon, Falcon, Orion and Priam). The works continued to build locomotives on their own account, and under sub-contract. Among these were long boiler types for Jones and Potts and three for T.R.Crampton.
In 1855 two locomotives for use in the Crimean War, capable of hauling guns up inclines as steep as 1 in 10, were reputed to have been built with horizontal cylindrical furnaces, rather than rectangular fireboxes, and boilers fed by force pumps. They were described as having outside cylinders driving the third set of wheels, while two pairs of wheels were flangeless. The description given here is from the only reference to them from an unreliable list produced in the 1890s. No such engines were recorded in the Crimea, and it is probable they were never built.
Its best-known product may be the Laxey Wheel of 1854 on the Isle of Man, described as the "largest working waterwheel in the world", hence it has often been called the Laxey Wheel Foundry.
When the lease expired in 1856, Haigh Foundry had built over 100 locomotives, produced swing bridges for Hull Docks, ironwork for the Albert Dock in Liverpool and some massive pumping engines. The pumping engine for Mostyn Colliery, Flintshire weighing 30 tons was 17 feet long and had a 100" bore cylinder and it is believed that when built in 1848, it was the largest cylinder in the world.
In 1849 the company delivered about 1000 yards of 40 inch cast-iron water pipes for the Manchester Corporation Waterworks Scheme in the Longdendale Chain.
Birley & Thompson
The new leasees, Birley & Thompson, concentrated on heavy engineering but made at least two locomotives and quoted unsuccessfully for the Festiniog Railway's 'Prince' class. The company produced stationary engines including a 100" x 14 ft stroke beam engine for the Talargoch Lead Mine (the engine house survives) and a 1000 h.p. McNaught compound beam engine for a cotton spinning mill. Other examples were supplied to many Lancashire collieries.
Until 1860, everything that Haigh Foundry made had to be hauled up the steep and twisting Leyland Mill Lane. Teams of up to 48 horses were needed, many hired from local farmers. However a railway line was built from the Earl of Crawford & Balcarres' colliery network at Aspull in 1860 and was replaced in 1869 by a link from the Lancashire Union Railway's 'Whelley' loop.
The foundry designed and built large winding, pumping and mill engines, heavy engineering and architectural castings until early 1885. The firm's assets were sold in September of that year. Many of the foundry buildings survive along with two cast iron bridges used by the works railway line. Part of the premises is still an iron foundry, though on a somewhat smaller scale.
References
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Companies based in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haigh%20Foundry |
The gamma function is an important special function in mathematics. Its particular values can be expressed in closed form for integer and half-integer arguments, but no simple expressions are known for the values at rational points in general. Other fractional arguments can be approximated through efficient infinite products, infinite series, and recurrence relations.
Integers and half-integers
For positive integer arguments, the gamma function coincides with the factorial. That is,
and hence
and so on. For non-positive integers, the gamma function is not defined.
For positive half-integers, the function values are given exactly by
or equivalently, for non-negative integer values of :
where denotes the double factorial. In particular,
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and by means of the reflection formula,
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General rational argument
In analogy with the half-integer formula,
where denotes the th multifactorial of . Numerically,
.
As tends to infinity,
where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant and denotes asymptotic equivalence.
It is unknown whether these constants are transcendental in general, but and were shown to be transcendental by G. V. Chudnovsky. has also long been known to be transcendental, and Yuri Nesterenko proved in 1996 that , , and are algebraically independent.
The number is related to the lemniscate constant by
and it has been conjectured by Gramain that
where is the Masser–Gramain constant , although numerical work by Melquiond et al. indicates that this conjecture is false.
Borwein and Zucker have found that can be expressed algebraically in terms of , , , , and where is a complete elliptic integral of the first kind. This permits efficiently approximating the gamma function of rational arguments to high precision using quadratically convergent arithmetic–geometric mean iterations. For example:
No similar relations are known for or other denominators.
In particular, where AGM() is the arithmetic–geometric mean, we have
Other formulas include the infinite products
and
where is the Glaisher–Kinkelin constant and is Catalan's constant.
The following two representations for were given by I. Mező
and
where and are two of the Jacobi theta functions.
Certain values of the gamma function can also be written in terms of the hypergeometric function. For instance,
and
however it is an open question whether this is possible for all rational inputs to the gamma function.
Products
Some product identities include:
In general:
From those products can be deduced other values, for example, from the former equations for , and , can be deduced:
Other rational relations include
and many more relations for where the denominator d divides 24 or 60.
Gamma quotients with algebraic values must be "poised" in the sense that the sum of arguments is the same (modulo 1) for the denominator and the numerator.
A more sophisticated example:
Imaginary and complex arguments
The gamma function at the imaginary unit gives , :
It may also be given in terms of the Barnes -function:
Curiously enough, appears in the below integral evaluation:
Here denotes the fractional part.
Because of the Euler Reflection Formula, and the fact that , we have an expression for the modulus squared of the gamma function evaluated on the imaginary axis:
The above integral therefore relates to the phase of .
The gamma function with other complex arguments returns
Other constants
The gamma function has a local minimum on the positive real axis
with the value
.
Integrating the reciprocal gamma function along the positive real axis also gives the Fransén–Robinson constant.
On the negative real axis, the first local maxima and minima (zeros of the digamma function) are:
See also
Chowla–Selberg formula
References
X. Gourdon & P. Sebah. Introduction to the Gamma Function
S. Finch. Euler Gamma Function Constants
Gamma and related functions
Mathematical constants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particular%20values%20of%20the%20gamma%20function |
SM Town (stylized in all caps as SMTOWN) is a musical collective for the recording artists under South Korean entertainment company SM Entertainment.
SM Town artists have performed at the annual SM Town Live world tours since the SM Town Live '08 Asia tour in 2008. As of 2014, the SM Town Live concert series had cumulatively attracted over 1 million audience members.
Artists
Discography
Projects
2015–19: The Agit - Concert Series
2016–present: SM Station
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Single albums
Single
Concerts
Concert tours
SM Town Live '08 (2008–09)
SM Town Live '09 (2009; canceled)
SM Town Live '10 World Tour (2010–11)
SM Town Live World Tour III (2012–13)
SM Town Live World Tour IV (2014–15)
SM Town Live Tour V in Japan (2016)
SM Town Live World Tour VI (2017–18)
SM Town Live 2022: SMCU Express (2022)
Music festivals
SM Smile Concert China (2002)
SM Smile Concert (2003)
SM Summer Town Festival (July 15–17, 2006)
SM Town Summer Concert (June 30 and July 1, 2007 – Olympic Gymnastics Arena)
SM Town Week (2013)
SMile Music Festival (2015)
Others
SM Town Special Stage in Hong Kong (2017)
SM Town Live 2018 In Osaka
SM Town Live Special Stage in Santiago (2019)
SM Town Live 2019 In Tokyo (2019)
SM Town Live Culture Humanity (2021)
SM Town Live 2022: SMCU Express at Kwangya (2022)
SM Town Live 2023: SMCU Palace at Kwangya (2023)
SM Town Live 2023: SMCU Palace in Jakarta (2023)
Filmography
I AM.: SM Town Live World Tour in Madison Square Garden (May 10, 2012) - theme song: "Dear My Family"
SM Town Live in Tokyo Special Edition in 3D (October 11, 2012)
SM Town Official Application
It is a mobile application launched by SM Entertainment for Android and iOS. It is the mobile version of SM Town's official website.
SuperStar SM Town
In August 2014, SM Entertainment launched a rhythm game available for Android and iOS called SuperStar SM Town, featuring SM Town artists' songs.
Notes
References
External links
SM Entertainment official homepage
SM Entertainment official Japanese homepage
K-pop music groups
South Korean idol groups
Musical groups established in 1999
South Korean pop music groups
Musical collectives
Musical groups from Seoul
Supergroups (music)
1999 establishments in South Korea
South Korean co-ed groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM%20Town |
Oscar Joseph Comery (July 1886 – February 18, 1916) was a Canadian-American chauffeur hanged in Concord, New Hampshire for murdering his wife.
Comery was born in Canada, the son of French Canadians Joseph Comery (also spelled Comire) and Celine Boisvert.
According to the Concord Evening Monitor, Comery killed his wife on November 29, 1914. He was arrested on January 1, 1915, brought to trial on February 8, 1915, where he "pleaded guilty to murder in the first degree with the expectation that the court would sentence him to life imprisonment."
On February 18, 1916, Comery was convicted of murdering his wife. He confessed to killing his wife by poisoning her with strychnine by replacing the quinine his wife normally took with the poison. An autopsy was performed and strychnine was determined to be the cause of death.
He was hanged at 12:31 a.m. at the New Hampshire State Prison on February 18, 1916 at the age of 34. Comery was the first of only three people executed by the state of New Hampshire in the 20th century. The other two were Frederick Small in 1918 and Howard Long in 1939.
See also
Capital punishment in New Hampshire
Capital punishment in the United States
List of people executed in New Hampshire
References
Executions in the U.S. 1608-1987: The Espy File (by state) (PDF)
1886 births
1916 deaths
Canadian people convicted of murder
American people executed for murder
20th-century executions by New Hampshire
People executed by New Hampshire by hanging
20th-century executions of American people
People convicted of murder by New Hampshire
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian people executed abroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar%20Comery |
The was a Japanese samurai clan which was one of the most powerful of the Muromachi period (1336-1467); at its peak, members of the family held the position of Constable (shugo) over eleven provinces. Originally from Kōzuke Province, and later centered in Inaba Province, the clan claimed descendance from the Seiwa Genji line, and from Minamoto no Yoshishige in particular. The clan took its name from the village of Yamana in present-day Gunma Prefecture. They were valued retainers under Minamoto no Yoritomo, and counted among his gokenin.
The Yamana were among the chief clans in fighting for the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate, and thus remained valued and powerful under the new government. They were Constables of five provinces in 1363, and eleven a short time later. However, members of the Yamana clan rebelled against the shogunate in the Meitoku Rebellion of 1391 and lost most of their land. Yamana Sōzen (1404 – 1473), likely the most famous member of the clan, would regain these lands in 1441. Through all of this the clan managed to somehow retain a great degree of reputation and power within the shogunate government; along with the Hosokawa and Hatakeyama clans, they served as agents of the shogunate in resolving various disputes.
Sōzen would then become embroiled in a conflict with Hosokawa Katsumoto over naming the shōgun's successor; this conflict grew into the Ōnin War, which destroyed much of Kyoto, and led to the fall of the shogunate and beginning of the Sengoku period. In the end this cost the Yamana much of their former influence and land. By the end of the 16th century, the Yamana had been reduced to holding the better part of Inaba Province. That area would be retained by the Yamana even until the end of the Edo period.
Notable clan members
Yamana Yoshinori – founder of the Yamana clan.
Yamana Tokiuji (late 14th century) – fought in the Nanboku-chō Wars, first for the shogunate, and then against it.
Yamana Tsunehisa (early 15th century) – shugo of Bingo province
Yamana Sōzen (1404–1473) – played a crucial role in sparking the outbreak of the Ōnin War.
Yamana Koretoyo – Sōzen's son, fought against his father in the Ōnin War
Yamana Suketoyo
Yamana Toyokuni (1548–1626) – defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1580.
Popular culture
Yamana is a playable nation in Europa Universalis IV.
In Akira Kurosawa's 1958 film The Hidden Fortress, the Yamana clan serve as the antagonists to the Akizuki clan. The Hidden Fortress anachronistically placed the Yamana clan adjacent to the Akizuki clan. However, Akizuki was based in Kyushu, while Yamana was in central Honshu, north of Edo.
See also
Tōrin-in, family temple
Notes
References
Frederic, Louis (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan: 1334–1615. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co.
Japanese clans
Nitta clan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamana%20clan |
Grüningen Priory was a short-lived Cluniac foundation, predecessor to St. Ulrich's Priory in the Black Forest, at Grüningen(de) near Oberrimsingen in Breisach in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
History
A small monastery, Tuniberg Priory (Kloster Tuniberg), apparently Benedictine, was founded sometime before 1072 on the mountain known as the Tuniberg near the Kaiserstuhl by Hesso of Eichstetten and Rimsingen. This was moved between 1077 and 1080 to Grüningen.
With the founder's consent, Ulrich of Zell (d. 1093), in his advancement of the Cluniac reforms in German territory, turned it into a priory directly dependent on Cluny Abbey.
At his instigation the community moved yet again in about 1087, this time to Zell in the Möhlin valley, where it developed into St. Ulrich's Priory in the Black Forest.
References
Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg
Benedictine monasteries in Germany
Cluniac monasteries in Germany
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCningen%20Priory |
Bottineau Winter Park is a modest alpine ski area in the midwestern United States, nestled in the Turtle Mountains of north-central North Dakota. Located north of Bottineau and three miles (5 km) south of the international border with Canada (Manitoba) in Bottineau County, BWP covers and was started in 1969 by local businessmen.
The ski area operates four days a week:
Thursday: 4 pm – 9 pm
Friday: 12 pm – 9 pm
Saturday: 9 am – 5 pm
Sunday: 9 am – 5 pm
Annie's House
Tentatively, the new lodge will open in the summer of 2013, which will be a year-round facility. This chalet is in commemoration of Stanley native Ann Nicole Nelson (1971–2001), who worked for Cantor Fitzgerald on the 104th floor of Tower One of the World Trade Center.
Annie's House is a one-level, ski lodge designed to accommodate the needs of skiers with both physical and cognitive disabilities from across North Dakota and neighboring Manitoba. Approximately 50% the public space in the new facility will support the adaptive ski program and needs of disabled skiers and their families. This will be the first facility in North Dakota focused on empowering disabled skiers and their families to enjoy outdoor sports during winter while also providing a year-round facility to accommodate other adaptive sports. It replaces the original lodge of 1969.
Annie's House will provide an integrated, adaptive ski facility and program to accommodate the special needs of disabled children and young adults with both cognitive disabilities such as autism, intellectual disability, and Down syndrome, and physical disabilities such as blindness, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries. In addition, Annie's House will be designed to provide adaptive ski equipment and programs for wounded warriors who returned from Iraq and Afghanistan challenged with physical disabilities resulting from amputation and traumatic brain injury.
Attractions
8 trails
5 lifts – (1 triple chair, 4 surface, 2 Magic Carpet)
night skiing - 100%
snowmaking - 100%
snow tube park
rentals
References
External links
New York Says Thank You Foundation – projects
YouTube: Annie's House - 2014
Buildings and structures in Bottineau County, North Dakota
Ski areas and resorts in North Dakota
Tourist attractions in Bottineau County, North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottineau%20Winter%20Park |
Gerard Maguire (born 25 September 1945) also credited as Gerard McGuire, is an Australian actor, producer and screenwriter best known for his role in Prisoner as Deputy Governor, Jim Fletcher. Often appearing on Australian television police dramas and soap operas throughout the 1970s and 80s, he is also one of Australia's top voice actors, voicing numerous commercials and narrations during the 1990s and early 2000s.
Early life
Maguire was born in 1945 and began acting during the late 1960s, shortly after graduating from the National Institute of Dramatic Art with a Diploma of Dramatic Art. Out of 3,000 applicants, he was one of 15 students to complete the program.
Career
Early career
After minor one-time roles on the television series Riptide and The Link Men, Maguire made his feature film debut in The Demonstrator with Joe James and Irene Inescort. In the film, he portrayed university student Steve Slater whose political differences with his father Joe Slater, a Federal cabinet minister, result in his leading a series of protests disrupting his father's activities in organising an international conference. The film was considered a commercial failure. Following this he starred in the film Country Town (1971) Country Town was a feature film spin-off from Australian Broadcasting Corporation soap opera Bellbird.
In the late 1960s and the 1970s, he was a guest actor on drama series Dynasty, Ryan, and on police procedural series Matlock Police, Homicide, Division 4 and Cop Shop. Joining the Melbourne Theatre Company, he also performed in Going Home at St. Martin's Theatre on 11 March 1976. That same year, he starred with Tom Oliver and Kate Sheil in David Williamson's A Handful of Friends at the Russell Street Theatre in Melbourne. Maguire went on to supporting roles in the television miniseries Luke's Kingdom and the film Mad Dog Morgan. In 1978 he was part of the cast in the first public performance of Kenneth G. Ross's important Australian play Breaker Morant: A Play in Two Acts, presented by the Melbourne Theatre Company at the Athenaeum Theatre, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on 2 February 1978. A late arrival during the first season of Prisoner, Maguire joined the cast in mid 1979 as Deputy Governor Jim Fletcher and eventually became the only main male character during his three years on the series. Maguire eventually left "Prisoner" during the show's 4th season in early 1982. During his last year with the series, he appeared with Prisoner co-stars Colette Mann and Val Lehman in Kitty and the Bagman (1982).
During 1983, Maguire starred as Dr. John Rivers in the television series Starting Out. As one of the school's tutors and the father of the disfigured Michelle (Rowena Mohr), his time on the series dealt with his guilt over his daughter's accident while dealing with his unhappily married wife Yvonne (Suzy Gashler).
After the series cancellation, Maguire made a guest appearance on Special Squad and had supporting roles in The Surfer and Alice to Nowhere before returning to the stage in 1986 to perform in David Williamson's Sons of Cain which ran for five-months in London's West End. In 1987, was a television presenter for Ground Zero and appeared in one episode of The Flying Doctors during the next two years. Maguire also appeared during the final season of the soap opera The Power, The Passion as a police investigator and ex-boyfriend of one of the central characters, Ellen Byrne Edmonds (Olivia Hamnett).
Producing and writing
While producing a film adaptation of a novel during the mid-1980s, he replaced the screenwriter originally working on the screenplay. Contacted by Columbia Pictures, he flew to California to discuss the project, he met producer and then Senior Vice-President Jane Alsobrook. He soon began a romantic relationship and Maguire ended up staying in Los Angeles for the next several years. In 1993, he and Lance Peters co-wrote Gross Misconduct, later directed by George T. Miller and, the following year, wrote Seduce Me: Pamela Principle 2 and was the script supervisor for Tunnel Vision. He was also involved in acting workshops with actors such as Jon Voight among others.
Return to Australia
In 1995, he moved back to Australia with Alsobrook when she accepted a position as president of Australia's largest independent film production and distribution company, REP. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Maguire appeared in the television movies Heart of Fire, The Fury Within and The Finder as well as the guest appearances on the television series Water Rats, Murder Call and All Saints. He became a voice actor, eventually narrating hundreds of commercials and, in 1995, was the voice of Titanium Man in the cartoon Iron Man. During the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, he was the announcer during the diving events.
Return to USA
Following the September 11 attacks, he moved to the United States allowing his wife to be closer to her family in Sedona, Arizona. Although continuing to be involved in a number of film projects with his wife, he also became involved in local theatre agreeing to appear in theatrical performances with the Canyon Moon Theatre Company and, in April 2002, appeared as the narrator in Side By Side By Sondheim at the Old Marketplace in West Sedona.
Maguire continued working as a voice actor during the next several years via the internet. After a five-year absence, Maguire made an appearance in the 2007 independent film Brothel.
As of 2013 Gerard lives in Arizona.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1945 births
Living people
Australian male film actors
Australian male soap opera actors
Australian male stage actors
Australian male voice actors
Australian people of Irish descent
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard%20Maguire |
Jason Norrish (born 26 January 1972) is an Australian rules footballer. Norrish played as a defensive midfielder and began his football career at the Claremont Tigers.
Early career
Norrish grew up in Bunbury where he attended Bunbury Cathedral Grammar School. He represented WA in the State Schoolboys national championships before moving to Perth to attend Hale School. In 1990 he made his debut for Claremont and the following year played in the Tiger's premiership side. At the 1991 national draft he was taken by Melbourne with the 5th selection, with three other Claremont teammates selected before him. Norrish stayed at Claremont for the 1992 season, before moving to Melbourne in 1993.
Melbourne Demons
Norrish made his debut towards the end of the 1993 season and played in five of their last nine games. The following year he missed the first seven games, before playing in most of the remaining games, including all three finals.
Fremantle Dockers
With the introduction of the Fremantle Dockers to the AFL, coached by Norrish's Claremont premiership coach Gerard Neesham, he was targeted as a priority signing. He returned as an uncontracted player and Melbourne were able to select Don Cockatoo-Collins as compensation. Hampered by injury in his first three seasons at the new club, including a groin injury in 1997, he played all 22 games in 1998 and won named the club champion by one vote from Adrian Fletcher. He claimed it was an award that recognised that he was 'just doing his job properly'. His reputation and standing amongst the team was recognised in 1999 when he was named as a vice-captain, a position he held through to the 2001 season. In 2001 he became the third player to play 100 games for Fremantle.
Following his retirement from AFL in 2002, he returned to Claremont and played for a further season before work commitments resulted in his retirement from all league football. In total he played 66 games for Claremont, 20 for Melbourne, 128 for Fremantle and one state game for Western Australia. He was inducted into the WA Two Hundred Club in 2003.
References
External links
Fremantle Football Club profile
1972 births
Claremont Football Club players
Fremantle Football Club players
Doig Medal winners
Living people
Melbourne Football Club players
Sportspeople from Bunbury, Western Australia
People educated at Hale School
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Norrish |
John Buckman Walthour (August 24, 1904 – October 29, 1952) was the 4th bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta in the United States.
Background
He was born 24 August 1904 in Cape May, New Jersey, the son of Harry Clayton and Helen Millward Walthour. Frederick F. Reese, the Bishop of Georgia ordained Walthour as deacon and priest in 1931. On 21 October 1931 he married Margaret Simkins Baker.
He was called to Grace Church in Waycross, Georgia, remaining there only briefly before being called to St. Andrew's Church in Tampa, Florida. From 1941 to 1947, he served as chaplain at United States Military Academy, West Point. In 1947, Walthour was called to be Dean of the Cathedral of St. Philip in Atlanta, Georgia.
He was consecrated Bishop in 1952 and died within his first year.
Consecrators
Henry Knox Sherrill, 20th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church USA
Edwin A. Penick
Oliver J. Hart
John Walthour was the 511th bishop consecrated in the Episcopal Church.
See also
Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta
List of Bishop Succession in the Episcopal Church
References
Diocesan Centennial Website Bishop Walthour page. Accessed: 1 March 2006
The Episcopal Church Annual. Morehouse Publishing: New York, NY (2005).
1904 births
1952 deaths
People from Cape May, New Jersey
Episcopal bishops of Atlanta
American military chaplains
United States Military Academy faculty
World War II chaplains
20th-century American Episcopalians
20th-century American clergy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Walthour |
Orson may refer to:
Places
United States
Orson, Iowa, an unincorporated community
Orson, Pennsylvania, a village in Preston Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania
Fictional places
Orson, Indiana, a small fictional town in the TV series The Middle
People
Orson Bean (1928–2020), American film, television, and stage actor
Orson Flagg Bullard (1834-1906), Pennsylvania state representative
Orson Scott Card (1951–), author of speculative fiction
Orson Squire Fowler (1809–1887), phrenologist who popularized the octagon house
Orson Welles (1915–1985), American director, writer, actor and producer for film, stage, radio and television
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Orson Pratt (1811–1881) and Orson Hyde (1805–1878), leaders in the Latter-day Saint movement and original members of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles
Orson F. Whitney (1855–1931), politician, journalist, poet, historian and academic, and member of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles
Orson Spencer (1802–1855), prolific writer and prominent member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Orson Pratt Huish (1851–1932), Latter-day Saint hymn writer
Fictional characters
Orson, the hero of Valentine and Orson, a medieval romance, from which the name originates
Orson Hodge, a fictional character on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives
The unseen supervisor of the alien Mork from planet Ork on the ABC situation comedy Mork & Mindy
Orson Pig, a fictional character on the comic strip U.S. Acres
Orson Pink, a character from Doctor Who
Orson Krennic, a character in the Star Wars franchise film Rogue One
Orson, the original name for Tweety Bird
Orson, the main antagonist of the 2022 American 3D-animated film The Ice Age Adventures of Buck Wild.
Other
Orson (band), a former American rock band
See also
Orso (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson |
Betty Helen Lucas (31 May 1924 – 7 April 2015), also known as Betty Lucas Peterson, was an Australian character actress and theatre director, known for her numerous roles on stage and television, starting from the post-WWII years in 1945.
Early life
Lucas was born in the Sydney suburb of Coogee, New South Wales to Walter Lucas and Marion Gibson. She trained with May Hollinworth at her Metropolitan Theatre.
Career
She moved to London in the early 1950s and appeared in stage roles, returning to Australia in 1965, she featured in TV serials, including played prominent roles in Prisoner as Clara Goddard in 1979, Taurus Rising as Faith Drysdale in 1982, and Richmond Hill as Mavis Roberts in 1988, Her numerous credits in TV roles in guest appearances in serials included Homicide, Division 4, Matlock Police, Certain Women, A Country Practice, The Flying Doctors, Blue Heelers, All Saints, Always Greener. and Packed to the Rafters
Personal life
Lucas married in 1946 the actor, producer and writer Ralph Peterson, he died in 1996 and their son, Joel Peterson (1954–2017), became a cinematographer.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
.
1924 births
2015 deaths
Australian film actresses
Australian stage actresses
Australian television actresses
Australian theatre directors
Australian women theatre directors
Actresses from New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Lucas |
Shripad Yesso Naik (born 4 October 1952) is an Indian politician serving as the current Minister of State for Tourism and Ports, Shipping and Waterways of India in office 7 July 2021 (in Second Modi ministry). He was the former Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare. He is the Member of Parliament from North Goa constituency, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Early life
Shripaad Naik was born on 4 October 1952 at Adpai village, North Goa District, Goa.
Political career
In 1999, Naik was elected to the 13th Lok Sabha from North Goa constituency in Goa. As of 2019, he has held his seat in this constituency winning in 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019 elections. As of 2019, he is a member of the 17th Lok Sabha. In 2014 Lok Sabha Election, he won with a margin of 105,000 votes which is very high for a small state of Goa.
Further, as advised by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the President has appointed Naik as Minister for Culture and Tourism (Independent Charge) in the 16th Lok Sabha.
Naik was appointed Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, on 9 November 2014. On 25 March 2016, Naik publicly stated he had access to research which proved that diseases such as cancer could be cured by yoga. He further stated that his Ministry was a year away from granting an endorsement to such techniques and research. The statement was challenged by medical researchers, scholars and doctors, who advocated caution in claiming a cure to cancer on the basis of unproven and unpublished research with no scientific evidence.
Naik continued as Minister of State (Independent Charge) for AYUSH and was appointed Minister of State for Defence on 31 May 2019.
Awards
He received the Samaraj Ratna Award on 18 August 2016.
Accident
He met with an accident on the evening of 11 January 2021 in Ankola, Karwar district, Karnataka, after the driver of the car en route from Yellapur to Gokarna in the state is said to have lost control at the wheel on the ghat section, causing the car to go turtle into a ditch. Also due to the accident, his wife and personal secretary suffered grievous injuries. Police later confirmed they succumbed to their injuries whilst undergoing treatment to recover them in the hospital.
His wife died in this accident.
References
|-
|-
|-
|-
External links
Detailed Profile: Shripad Yesso Naik in india.gov.in website
Living people
1952 births
People from North Goa district
Goa MLAs 1994–1999
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa
India MPs 2004–2009
India MPs 1999–2004
India MPs 2009–2014
Lok Sabha members from Goa
India MPs 2014–2019
Tourism ministers of India
Union ministers of state of India with independent charge
Narendra Modi ministry
India MPs 2019–present
Culture Ministers of India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shripad%20Naik |
This page is a list of the rulers of the Principality of Salerno.
When Prince Sicard of Benevento was assassinated by Radelchis in 839, the people of Salerno promptly proclaimed his brother, Siconulf, prince. War raged between Radelchis and Siconulf until Emperor Louis II came down and forced a peace in 851, confirming Siconulf as prince of Salerno. The chronology is very confusing from then on until the assassination of Adhemar, when a new dynasty took the throne.
Salerno was besieged by the Normans of Robert Guiscard and Prince Richard I of Capua until it fell on 13 December 1076. Prince Gisulf II surrendered the next year and the principality, the final Lombard state in Italy, fell. Salerno became the capital of Guiscard's duchy of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily.
"Prince of Salerno" was also a title created by Charles I of Naples (reigned 1266-1285) for his son, later Charles II of Naples. It was regularly used for the heirs of the Kings of Naples and later the Two Sicilies. In the fourteenth century, most of the province of Salerno became the territory of the Princes of Sanseverino.
List
Siconulf (840–851)
Sico (II) (851–853)
Peter (853)
Adhemar (853–861)
Guaifer (861–880)
Guaimar I (880–900)
Guaimar II (900–946)
Gisulf I (946–978)
Landulf of Conza (973), usurper
Pandulf I (978–981)
Pandulf II (981)
Manso (981–983) co-ruling with. . .
John I (981–983)
John II (983–994/9)
Guaimar III [or IV] (994/9–1027)
Guaimar IV [or V] (1027–1052)
Pandulf (III) (1052), usurper
Gisulf II (1052–1077)
Notes
References
Salerno Princes
Salerno
ca:Principat de Salern | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20princes%20of%20Salerno |
Churchill Braz Alemao (born 16 May 1949) is a former Chief Minister and former MP of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He was the MLA of Benaulim constituency in the state of Goa.
Political career
Alemao was chief minister of Goa for a brief period in the early 1990s, and later became an MP representing the South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency) from 1996 to 1998.
Founding United Goans Democratic Party
Alemao founded the United Goans Democratic Party as a spinoff of the United Goans Party.
Congress days
In the late 1980s, Alemao quit the United Goans Democratic Party and joined the Indian National Congress. He became Chief Minister for a 18 days as part of the Progressive Democratic Front led by Congress. He had to resign due to an internal split in the party. After that Luis Proto Barbosa became chief minister. Later, Alemao became an MP as Congress leader.
Save Goa Front
In March 2007, Alemao quit Congress and formed a regional party, the Save Goa Front. The party contested 17 seats and won 2, including his seat and Aleixo Lourenco's. After the election, no party won a majority and the Save Goa Front joined the Congress-led alliance to form a government.
Return to Congress
In January 2008, Alemao merged the Save Goa Front with Congress. He continued as an MLA and Minister in Goa during this period.
March 2012 elections
In the March 2012 elections to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Alemao lost to independent candidate Avertano Furtado by a margin of over 2000 votes. His brother Joaqium Alemao, who was then Minister in the Government of Goa, also lost as he could not retain his Cuncolim constituency. Churchill Alemao's daughter Valanka and Joaquim's son Yuri also lost the 2012 elections. All four candidates from the Alemao family suffered defeat. Churchill Alemao later blamed the then Chief Minister of Goa, Digambar Kamat and the Electronic Voting Machines for his defeat.
Entry into the All India Trinamool Congress
In 2014, after his daughter Valanka Alemao was denied candidature by the Indian National Congress party in the elections to the 16th Lok Sabha from the South Goa, Alemao resigned from the Indian National Congress and announced that he would contest the polls as an independent candidate.
Two days later, Alemao joined the All India Trinamool Congress and was formally inducted in the party by Madan Mitra, a Minister of State in the Government of West Bengal. He contested the elections to the 16th Lok Sabha from the South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency) as a candidate of the All India Trinamool Congress and was defeated by Narendra Keshav Sawaikar of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Alemao polled 11,941 votes in these elections.
Joining Nationalist Congress Party
On 17 October 2016 Alemao joined the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and declared his intent to contest the election on the NCP ticket. He won the Benaulim seat in 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election.
Return to AITC
Alemao again joined AITC on 13 December 2021.
Football
The football team Churchill Brothers, which is currently competing in I-League, is owned by Alemao's family. His daughter Valanka Alemao is current CEO of the club.
References
India MPs 2004–2009
Indian National Congress politicians from Goa
Living people
India MPs 1996–1997
Lok Sabha members from Goa
Trinamool Congress politicians from Goa
Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Goa
Corruption in Goa
Indian prisoners and detainees
1949 births
Goa MLAs 2017–2022
People from Benaulim
Indian politicians convicted of crimes
United Goans Democratic Party politicians
Chief Ministers of Goa
Indian football executives
Indian sports executives and administrators
Indian football chairmen and investors
Goa MLAs 1989–1994
Goa MLAs 1994–1999
Goa MLAs 1999–2002
Goa MLAs 2007–2012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill%20Alemao |
Christian Dominique Borle (born October 1, 1973) is an American actor and singer. He is a two-time Tony Award winner for his roles as Black Stache in Peter and the Starcatcher and as William Shakespeare in Something Rotten!. Borle also originated the roles of Prince Herbert, et. al. in Spamalot, Emmett in Legally Blonde, and Joe in Some Like It Hot on Broadway. He starred as Marvin in the 2016 Broadway revival of Falsettos. He also starred as Tom Levitt on the NBC musical-drama television series Smash.
He has been nominated for five Tony awards, including Legally Blonde, Peter and the Starcatcher, Something Rotten!, Falsettos, and Some Like It Hot.
Early life
Borle was born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Andre Bernard Borle (1930–2011), a professor of physiology at the University of Pittsburgh. His love for Star Wars and drawing made him dream of becoming a comic book artist when he grew up, but it was only when a friend convinced him to audition for a school play in his second year at Shady Side Academy that he began to develop an interest in acting.
Borle attended the School of Drama at Carnegie Mellon University, graduating in 1995. After he graduated, he moved to New York City and landed his first acting job. He worked as an elf at Macy's Santaland.
Career
1995–2004: Early career and Broadway debut
Soon after moving to New York City, Borle was cast in the German production The Who's Tommy. Returning to the states, he joined the national tour of West Side Story in 1996, as a replacement for the role of Riff. Borle was next cast as Willard Hewitt in the first national tour of Footloose, which opened on December 15, 1998, at the Allen Theatre in Cleveland, Ohio.
After his tenure as Willard, Borle made his Broadway debut in the ensemble of the 2000 revival of Jesus Christ Superstar. He left the production after two months to reprise his role of Willard Hewitt (succeeding Tom Plotkin) in the Broadway production of Footloose in June 2000. Soon after joining the company, the show received its closing notice, and Borle remained with the show for a few weeks through its final performance on July 2, 2000.
He was the dance captain and understudy for several characters for the short-lived 2002 musical Amour.
Borle appeared in a 2003 advertisement for the California-based online auction company eBay. In the 30-second TV spot, Borle plays a store clerk who breaks into song and dance when asked about a product. The song, "That's on eBay", was a parody of the Dean Martin standard "That's Amore". Also in 2003, he replaced Gavin Creel in the role of Jimmy in Thoroughly Modern Millie. He married his co-star, actress Sutton Foster, who had played Millie, in September 2006. Borle and Foster divorced in 2009.
2005–2010: Spamalot and Legally Blonde
Borle performed in Monty Python's Spamalot, in which he originated a number of roles, including Prince Herbert, the Historian, Not Dead Fred, A French Guard, and Sir Robin's Minstrel. His performance earned him a 2005 Drama Desk Award nomination as Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical and a Broadway.com Audience Award for Favorite Featured Actor in a Musical. He is known for originating the role of Emmett Forrest in Legally Blonde on Broadway, for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. The musical is based on MGM's 2001 film of the same name.
He was featured in the Encores! staged concert version of On the Town as Ozzie in November 2008. He appeared in a workshop production of a new play titled Peter and the Starcatcher in 2009. He played Bert in the Broadway production of Mary Poppins, replacing Adam Fiorentino in the role on October 12, 2009, and then left the cast on July 15, 2010.
In 2010, he played a golf caddy in the film The Bounty Hunter. In Fall 2010/Winter 2011, Borle played the role of Prior Walter in Signature Theatre Company's 20th anniversary production of Tony Kushner's Angels in America.
2011–2014: Smash and Peter and the Starcatcher
On February 25, 2011, it was announced that Borle had joined Steven Spielberg's new NBC pilot Smash with Debra Messing, Anjelica Huston, Katharine McPhee, Brian d'Arcy James, and Megan Hilty. The series follows a cross-section of characters who come together to mount a Marilyn Monroe-themed musical (which is called Bombshell) on Broadway. In May 2011, it was reported that NBC had picked up the show as a series for the 2011–2012 season. In March 2012, NBC announced it would renew the series for a second season with 15 episodes. The show was officially cancelled by NBC in May 2013.
Borle was a member of the original cast in the Regional and Off-Broadway productions of Peter and the Starcatcher that ran until April 24, 2011. He reprised the role of "Black Stache" on Broadway in April 2012, where his performance earned him his second Tony Award nomination and first win as Best Featured Actor in a Play. He ended his run in the Broadway production of Peter and the Starcatcher on June 30, 2012, to take a break before taping for Smash began in August 2012.
Borle played Max Dettweiler in the live television production of The Sound of Music Live!, which aired on NBC on December 5, 2013. He played Mr. Darling and Mr. Smee in the live TV production of Peter Pan Live!, which aired on NBC on December 4, 2014.
2015–2018: Something Rotten! and Falsettos
He won the 2015 Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical for Something Rotten!, playing the role of William Shakespeare, which opened on Broadway at the St. James Theatre on March 23, 2015, in previews and officially on April 22, 2015. Borle provided the voice of Mr. Bungee on the cast recording of Encores! A New Brain. Dan Fogler, who played the part onstage, was unable to record the album as he was busy filming Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.
Borle played Marvin in the limited Broadway revival of Falsettos, directed by James Lapine, alongside Andrew Rannells and Stephanie J. Block who played Whizzer and Trina, respectively. Borle left the cast of Something Rotten! on July 16, 2016, to prepare for Falsettos, which opened in previews on September 29, 2016, and officially on October 27, 2016. Borle was nominated for a Tony Award for his performance. The show closed on January 8, 2017, after 30 previews and 84 performances.
Borle also made an appearance with his former wife, Sutton Foster, in Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life. His musical talents were used in Episode 3 for the Star's Hollow musical, which walked through the history of the quirky small town. The two had "found Gilmore Girls together and became fans of the show long before there were talks of a revival. For both actors, being a part of the Stars Hollow world was a special experience because they already loved the show before they became involved with it."
On May 9, 2016, it was announced that Borle would play Willy Wonka in the Broadway production of Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, which opened on March 23, 2017. A cast album was announced March 21, 2017. The show played its final performance on January 14, 2018.
Borle made his directorial debut with Popcorn Falls, which premiered at the Riverbank Theatre in Marine City, Michigan. The show ran from August 18–27, 2017. It was such an unexpected success that the theatre had to add extra performances to keep up with demand.
In March 2018, it was announced that Borle would again reunite with Sutton Foster, this time for two episodes of her TV show Younger as a journalist named Don Ridley. He was also announced as the lead in the Encores! production of Me and My Girl, alongside former Mary Poppins co-star Laura Michelle Kelly.
2019–present: Little Shop of Horrors and Some Like It Hot
In July 2019, it was announced that Borle would star as Orin Scrivello in the Off-Broadway revival of Little Shop of Horrors, which began previews at the Westside Theatre on September 17, 2019, with an official opening of October 17. Borle won a Lucille Lortel Award and has been nominated for an Outer Critics Circle Award for his performance.
In August 2021, it was announced that Borle would star in the 2022 Encores! season. Borle was cast as the Baker in Into the Woods, running from May 4–15, 2022. This would have been his third show in the 2022 Encores! season. Borle was ultimately replaced by Neil Patrick Harris.
In March 2022, it was announced that Borle was cast in a workshop for the new musical Some Like It Hot, an adaptation of the 1959 film of the same name, as Joe/Josephine. He originated this role on Broadway and is currently performing the show at the Shubert Theatre.
Personal life
Borle met actress Sutton Foster in college and they married on September 18, 2006. They divorced in 2009. In 2012, Foster said that she and Borle remain friends and continue to support and appear in each other's work.
Theatre credits
Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
Cast albums
Prodigal (Original York Theatre Cast)
Elegies (Original Off-Broadway Cast)
Spamalot (Original Broadway Cast)
Legally Blonde: The Musical (Original Broadway Cast)
Bombshell (Smash TV Cast)
The Sound of Music Live! (2013 TV Cast)
Peter Pan Live! (2014 TV Cast)
Something Rotten! (Original Broadway Cast)
James and the Giant Peach (World Premiere Cast)
A New Brain (2015 New York Cast)
Falsettos (Original Broadway Revival Cast)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (Original Broadway Cast)
Little Shop of Horrors (The New Off-Broadway Cast)
Some Like It Hot (Original Broadway Cast)
Singles
"Don't Say Yes Until I've Finished Talking" (featured in Smash Season 1)
"A Love Letter From the Times" (duet with Liza Minnelli, featured in Smash Season 2)
"Vienna" (featured in Smash Season 2)
"The Right Regrets" (duet with Debra Messing, featured in Smash Season 2)
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
American male stage actors
Male actors from Pittsburgh
American male musical theatre actors
Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singers
American male dancers
American male television actors
American male film actors
American male voice actors
Tony Award winners
American people of Swiss descent
Drama Desk Award winners
Shady Side Academy alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Borle |
The Rebel may refer to:
Entertainment
Literature
The Rebel (book), a 1951 book-length essay by Albert Camus
"The Rebel" (poem), poem by Padraic Pearse
The Rebel, novel by H. C. Bailey
The Rebel (art magazine), British art magazine established in 1985
Music
The Rebel, the moniker under which Ben Wallers of Country Teasers records and performs solo
"The Rebel", a song recorded by Johnny Cash in the late 1950s, theme music for the TV Western of the same name
Playacting
The Rebel (1915 film), directed by J.E. Mathews and starring Allen Doone, from the play The Rebels by James B. Fagan
The Rebel (1931 film), a French film directed by Adelqui Migliar
The Rebel (1932 film), a German film directed by Edwin H. Knopf, Curtis Bernhardt and Luis Trenker
The Rebel (1933 film), an English-language version of the 1932 film directed by Edwin H. Knopf and Luis Trenker and starring Luis Trenker, Vilma Bánky and Victor Varconi
The Rebel (1961 film), a 1961 film starring British comedian Tony Hancock
The Rebel (1980 French film), a French film directed by Gérard Blain
The Rebel (1980 Italian film), an Italian film starring Maurizio Merli
The Rebel (1993 film), an Italian film starring Penélope Cruz, known in Italian as La ribelle
The Rebel (2007 film), a Vietnamese film starring Johnny Nguyen
The Rebel (1964 play), directed by Patrick Garland
The Rebel (American TV series), an American western television series
The Rebel (British TV series), a 2016 British sitcom
The Rebel (South Korean TV series), a 2017 series
Journalism
The Rebel (anarchist magazine), American anarchist magazine published 1895 to 1896
Rebel News, a Canadian Internet and YouTube television channel founded by Ezra Levant
See also
Rebel (disambiguation)
The Rebels (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rebel |
There are two north–south arteries in Washington, D.C. named 7th Street that are differentiated by the quadrants of the city in which they are located.
History
Historically, 7th Street was a main north–south road in Washington, D.C., and the main route for travelers and farmers coming into the city from the north. This is evident in its intersection with Mount Vernon Square, a historically important public space, and the original Central Market, located at the intersection of Seventh, Pennsylvania, and Indiana Avenues. The space occupied by this Central Market is now the Navy Memorial. The corridor from here west along F Street and north along Seventh is the city's historic retail shopping district with its large department stores and specialty stores. Seventh Street forms major intersections at Pennsylvania Avenue, E Street NW, H Street NW, K Street NW, and Massachusetts Avenue.
7th Street SW and NW
7th Street SW begins at Water Street, near the banks of the Washington Channel. It crosses above Interstate 395 approximately two blocks before it intersects with Maryland and Virginia avenues near the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development buildings, which are located across the street from each other on 7th Street SW.
Continuing north, 7th Street crosses the National Mall, where it becomes 7th Street NW. In this southernmost segment of 7th Street NW, it is the main north–south thoroughfare in Penn Quarter and Chinatown.
Farther north, it crosses New York Avenue at Mount Vernon Square and then crosses Rhode Island Avenue where it also becomes U.S. Route 29. North of Florida Avenue, 7th Street remains U.S. 29 but becomes a diagonal and continues as Georgia Avenue.
Between Pennsylvania Avenue and Mount Vernon Square, 7th Street has a northbound bus/bicycle lane. The corresponding southbound lane is on 9th Street.
7th Street begins again at Quincy Street NW extending north about to near the Maryland border, passing through Sherman Circle.
North of Independence Avenue, 7th Street/Georgia Avenue is part of the National Highway System.
7th Street SE and NE
A second set of 7th Streets lie in the eastern quadrants of the city, parallel to the western ones, in several discontinuous segments. The longest section begins at M Street SE, just north of the Washington Navy Yard. It continues north through the neighborhood of Capitol Hill. When 7th Street SE crosses East Capitol Street it becomes 7th Street NE and continues due north, ending at Florida Avenue, just south of Gallaudet University. Shorter segments of the 7th Street SE exist south of the Anacostia River, while parts of 7th Street NE are further north in the Brookland neighborhood.
References
07
U.S. Route 29 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th%20Street%20%28Washington%2C%20D.C.%29 |
Billy Joe Daugherty (April 23, 1952 – November 22, 2009) was founder and pastor of Victory Christian Center (now Victory Church) in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was also the founder of Victory Christian School, Victory Bible Institute and Victory World Missions Training Center (now Victory College). Nine hundred and eighty Victory Bible Institutes have been started in eighty-five countries around the world. He was also briefly the interim president of Oral Roberts University. He graduated from Magnolia High School in Magnolia, Arkansas in 1970.
Victory Christian Center built the Tulsa Dream Center, which houses a food and clothing distribution, dental/medical clinic, legal counseling, recreation facilities and other programs to help needy people of Tulsa. Victory's bus ministry brings 1,000 - 1,200 children and teens from this area each Saturday for Kidz Ministry and S.O.U.L. Youth ministry.
Daugherty's daily radio and television broadcast, Victory in Jesus, reaches more than 100 million households in North America as well as via satellite and the internet internationally. He was the author of Knocked Down But Not Out, This New Life, Building Stronger Marriages, Families, and Led By the Spirit. He and his wife Sharon authored over a dozen books.
On November 20, 2005, a 50-year-old man named Steven Wayne Rogers came forward for an altar call at Victory Christian Center and punched Daugherty twice in the face, opening a cut over his left eye that required two stitches. Daugherty stumbled back onto the stage away from Rogers and prayed that God would forgive Rogers and bless him. Later that evening Daugherty visited Rogers in the Tulsa county jail to discuss the reasons for the attack. Rogers showed no remorse for what he had done. "He said he'd do whatever he wants, to whomever he wants, whenever he wants," Daugherty said. Daugherty did not press charges against Steven Rogers for the assault.
On March 4, 2007, Daugherty dedicated the church's new 4500 seat sanctuary on the church's property. Within weeks all services were moved from the Mabee Center on the grounds of Oral Roberts University across the street to the new sanctuary.
On October 17, 2007, Daugherty was named "Executive Regent" of Oral Roberts University in the wake of numerous allegations of impropriety involving ORU President Richard Roberts and his wife, Lindsay Roberts.
Daugherty's role as Executive Regent included serving as acting president of ORU for a short time until ORU Provost Ralph Fagin assumed the position.
In 2009, the church launched a 13-episode television show on TBN called "360 Degree Life" which featured street interviews, animations, testimonies and preaching.
As of January 2010, Victory Christian Center reported an average Sunday attendance of 9,612, and was reported to be the second largest church in Tulsa.
Personal life
He and his wife, Sharon, had four children.
In October 2009, Daugherty was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, of which he died at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, aged 57 on November 22, 2009. Pastor Daugherty's last appearance at Victory Christian Center was on October 17, 2009, as he officiated youngest son Paul's wedding to his wife Ashley McAuliff. A memorial service for Daugherty was held at the Mabee Center in Tulsa on November 30.
References
External links
Info about the television show
Victory Christian Center
Victory Christian School
Victory Bible Institute
Victory World Missions Training Center
Tulsa Dream Center
1952 births
2009 deaths
American Christian clergy
Christians from Oklahoma
Deaths from cancer in Texas
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Magnolia High School (Arkansas) alumni
Oral Roberts University alumni
Oral Roberts University people
People from Magnolia, Arkansas
People from Tulsa, Oklahoma
20th-century American clergy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Joe%20Daugherty |
Frost Fire Park is a modest alpine ski area and chairlift access Mountain Bike Park in the midwestern United States, in the Pembina River Gorge of northeastern North Dakota. Located in eastern Cavalier County, it is west of Walhalla and south of the international border with Canada (Manitoba).
Started in 1976, Frost Fire Park has one quad-seat chairlift and a magic carpet, with 7 runs, ski and snowboard rentals, certified ski and snowboard instructors, day lodge, and Howatt Hangar Bar and Grill. It does not offer tubing. It has an outdoor amphitheater, which hosts several plays and musicals during the summer. An "upside-down" area, the parking lot and lodge are near the top of the ski runs.
After 40 years, Frost Fire Ski and Snowboard Area was purchased by the Pembina Gorge Foundation. The Foundation changed the name to "Frost Fire Park" since it will no longer be a single season venue. Summer offers downhill mountain biking with 8 full downhill trails with varying degrees of difficulty, with chair lift service back to the top.
Frost Fire Park purchased a new quad-seat chair lift with 57 seats total, to replace the very old ski lift that has been out of order since 2015.
References
External links
Previous official website
Frost Fire Theatre
Buildings and structures in Cavalier County, North Dakota
Ski areas and resorts in North Dakota
Tourist attractions in Cavalier County, North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost%20Fire%20Park |
Joy Westmore (; 13 March 1932 – 5 November 2020) was an Australian actress on radio, stage and television, and in voice-over. She was best known to local and international television viewers for her long-running role in Prisoner as the friendly but highly ineffectual bespectacled officer Joyce Barry, appearing from the first season in 1979 until the final episode in 1986 and smaller roles in Neighbours in 1991 and 2003.
Career
Westmore had been an actress since 1950. She read commercials on radio and was particularly known for her performances opposite Barry Humphries's alter ego Dame Edna Everage. She also appeared in early television comedy sketches with Graham Kennedy and Ernie Sigley. She made her small-screen debut in the TV movie The Sentimental Bloke, and subsequently had roles in the soap The Sullivans and in Bellbird, before taking on the longer-lasting role of Officer Joyce Barry in Prisoner. She was a recurring cast member throughout the first five years of the show, but became a regular in 1984 and continued until the series' finale in 1986. Entertainment reporter Peter Ford stated that "Joyce Barry was probably the world's worst prison officer, because she was too overly nice and trustworthy, although she provided a lot of comic relief in the series".
After Prisoner she played Mrs Blanche White in an Australian version of the TV game show Cluedo, and had two brief roles in Neighbours, as Mrs Forster in 1991 and as Dee Bliss's grandmother, Nancy Bliss, in 2003. She also played various small roles in one-off and long-running dramas, including Waiting at the Royal, Fergus McPhail and Blue Heelers.
Personal life and death
Westmore was married to dentist Brian Westmore on 13 March 1960, the same day as her 28th birthday. They had four children together.
Joy Westmore died from dementia in an aged care facility in Melbourne, Victoria, on 5 November 2020, aged 88.
Filmography
Awards
Penguin Award – Joyce Barry in Prisoner
References
External links
Australian film actresses
1932 births
2020 deaths
Australian soap opera actresses
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy%20Westmore |
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