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The Union nationale () was a conservative and nationalist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, that identified with Québécois autonomism. It was created during the Great Depression and held power in Quebec from 1936 to 1939, and from 1944 to 1960 and from 1966 to 1970. The party was founded by Maurice Duplessis, who led it until his death in 1959.
The party was often referred to in English as the National Union, especially when it was still an electoral force, by both the media and, at times, the party.
History
Origin
The party started when the Action libérale nationale, a group of dissidents from the Quebec Liberal Party, formed a loose coalition with the Conservative Party of Quebec. In the 1935 Quebec election the two parties agreed to run only one candidate of either party in each riding. The Action libérale nationale (ALN) elected 26 out of 57 candidates and the Conservatives won 16 seats out of 33 districts.
Conservative leader Maurice Duplessis became Leader of the Opposition. He soon rose to prominence as he used the Standing Committee on Public Accounts to expose the corrupt practices of the Liberal government of Alexandre Taschereau and force it to call an early election.
Capitalizing on his success, Duplessis called a caucus meeting at Sherbrooke's Magog Hotel and received the support of 15 Conservatives and 22 ALN members in favour of a merger of the two parties under his leadership under the name Union nationale.
The new party had no formal ties to the federal Conservatives. It ran candidates in every district and won a majority of the seats in the 1936 election.
First term of office
Even though Duplessis had run on ideas inspired from the ALN platform, he soon alienated the more progressive members of his caucus. René Chaloult, Oscar Drouin, Joseph-Ernest Grégoire, Philippe Hamel, François Leduc and Adolphe Marcoux quit the party, while Rouville Beaudry and Grégoire Bélanger left politics.
The government adopted a farm credit policy in 1936, which was popular in rural areas where the party's most loyal base of supporters lived, but for the most part the administration of Maurice Duplessis protected the status quo. For instance, it gave the Catholic clergy government money to provide public education, health care and other social services.
Also, the legislature passed the Act to protect the Province Against Communistic Propaganda, better known as the Padlock Law, in 1937, which provided evidence of Duplessis's interest in appearing tough on communism.
World War II
Duplessis called an election shortly after Canada declared war against Germany. Federal Cabinet Member Ernest Lapointe, the Quebec lieutenant of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, promised that no one would face conscription if voters supported the Liberals. The pledge was devastating to the Union Nationale, which lost the 1939 election.
While serving in His Majesty's Loyal Opposition, the party opposed Women's suffrage which was enacted by the government of Adélard Godbout in 1940.
Second term in office
The Union Nationale enjoyed a surge after a majority of Canadian voters allowed the federal government to pass conscription. Duplessis, who would later create a provincial income tax equal to 15 per cent of the federal income tax, claimed that the Godbout government failed to impose the strict respect for the principles established in the British North America Act of 1867. The Liberals won a plurality of the vote in the 1944 election, finishing one point ahead of the Union Nationale. However, since rural areas were significantly overrepresented, the Union Nationale won 48 seats to the Liberals' 37, allowing Duplessis to return as premier.
World War II prosperity kept unemployment low. Machine politics, fiscal conservatism and a program of rural electrification consolidated the dominance of the Union Nationale over the province. The Duplessis government adopted the current flag of Quebec to replace the Union Jack. It won a landslide victory in the 1948 election. The Liberals were decimated; nearly all of their 14 MNAs were from Montreal's West Island. Godbout himself lost his own seat, leaving the Liberals without a full-time leader in the legislature.
On the debit side, Duplessis' relations with labour in general and trade unions in particular were difficult and led to a number of strikes. The government was also accused of being too strongly aligned with the Catholic clergy. Indeed, many priests openly supported the Duplessis government and attacked the Liberals by using the slogan Le ciel est bleu, l'enfer est rouge (Heaven is blue, hell is red)--a reference to the primary colours of both parties (blue for the UN, red for the Liberals). The government was also accused of discrimination against Jehovah's Witnesses, receiving insufficient royalties for the extraction the province's natural resources and allowing election fraud for its own benefit.
Nonetheless, the Union Nationale was re-elected in the 1952 election with a reduced majority, and in the 1956 election. Moreover, its influence was made obvious when its organization helped defeat Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau in 1957 and helped John Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservative's win a majority of the province's seats in the 1958 federal election—something that the Tories hadn't done in over 60 years.
Modernization and last term of office
Duplessis died in 1959 and was succeeded by his Minister of Social Welfare, Paul Sauvé. Well aware that he faced, at most, two years before the next election, Sauvé saw the need to modernize one of the most conservative governments in Canada, and initiated a program of reform called "100 Days of Change." However, he also died after only three months in office.
Labour Minister Antonio Barrette took over a government that was increasingly seen as tired and unfocused, despite Sauvé's efforts at reform. He called an election in 1960, almost a year before it was due. The Union Nationale went into the contest under its third leader in less than a year, and narrowly lost to Jean Lesage's Liberals. The new government implemented a vast program of social changes, which is now known as the Quiet Revolution.
Daniel Johnson, Sr. became the leader of the Union Nationale in 1961. He was chosen by party delegates rather than by his colleagues only. The party was heavily defeated in the 1962 election, but it held a convention to discuss its platform in 1965 and opened its structures to card-carrying supporters. Johnson published a book called Égalité ou indépendance (Equality or independence), which appealed to a number of nationalist voters. Even though the Liberals won a plurality of the vote in the 1966 election, the Union Nationale eked out a narrow majority in part because rural areas were significantly overrepresented. Among the newly elected MLAs, there were three former federal politicians: Rémi Paul, Jean-Noël Tremblay and Clément Vincent.
Johnson set a slower pace, but sustained many reforms initiated by the Liberals. His administration established CEGEPs (Collèges d'enseignement général et professionnel, or "College of General and Vocational Education") in 1967, abolished the Legislative Council of Quebec and completed the dam and the generating station of Manic-5 in 1968 and laid the groundwork for the public health insurance plan that would later be implemented by the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa.
Electoral decline
The official visit of French President Charles de Gaulle in Canada in 1967 and Daniel Johnson, Sr.'s sudden death in 1968 left the party divided between its nationalist wing and members who clearly positioned themselves as federalists. The latter prevailed when Jean-Jacques Bertrand won the party leadership over Jean-Guy Cardinal, but the controversy over a language legislation known as Bill 63 prompted a number of nationalist supporters, and legislators such as Antonio Flamand and Jérôme Proulx to join the Parti Québécois.
In addition, the Union Nationale lost a portion of its conservative base, including MNA Gaston Tremblay, to the Ralliement créditiste. Bertrand was unable to inspire voters and the party seemed to have lost touch with Quebec society. In the 1970 election, the Union Nationale was resoundingly defeated, winning only 17 seats. While it finished third in the popular vote behind the PQ, it still managed to become the Official Opposition.
Gabriel Loubier took over as leader and the party became known as Unité Québec from October 25, 1971 to January 14, 1973. The name change was not enough to halt the party's decline, and at the 1973 election, it was shut out of the legislature for the first time.
In 1974, former UN Cabinet Member and interim leader Maurice Bellemare won a by-election, and the party again was represented in the National Assembly. On May 31, 1975, the party merged with the tiny Parti présidentiel, a group of Créditiste dissidents led by Yvon Brochu, and kept the Union Nationale name.
In May 1976, business owner Rodrigue Biron, a former card-carrying Liberal supporter who had no experience in provincial politics, was chosen as party leader. Bellemare tried to flush out potential candidates for the leadership of the UN (such as former Liberal cabinet minister Jérôme Choquette) by calling a leadership convention for May 1976, but was unsuccessful. His impulsive policy statements and poor relations with the old guard of the party led to resignations of party officials, including Jacques Tétreault, who had been his most serious opponent for the party leadership. In September 1976, Biron abandoned a plan to unite his party with Choquette's Parti National Populaire, despite prior efforts made by the two groups.
The Union Nationale made a modest recovery in the 1976 election, winning 11 seats and 18.2% of the popular vote. While it came up just short of official party status in the legislature, the party appeared to be back from the brink. However, this did not last. From 1978 to 1980, five MNAs either crossed the floor, moved to federal politics or retired. The party bottomed out in 1980, when Biron resigned as leader and left the party to sit as an independent, and then joined the Parti Québécois a few months later. Michel Le Moignan, the MNA for the district of Gaspé, took over as interim leader. This left the once-mighty party with only five seats.
Collapse and deregistration
On January 9, 1981, federal Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Roch LaSalle was acclaimed leader of the Union Nationale. In the April 1981 provincial election, the party lost all of its seats, and would never elect another MNA. La Salle resigned as leader and returned to federal politics—winning the by-election created by his resignation from parliament a few months earlier.
In 1982, lawyer Jean-Marc Beliveau, who had been appointed interim leader by the party executive following Lasalle's resignation, was elected Union Nationale leader by acclamation at what would be the party's final leadership convention. The party was $150,000 in debt, but appeared poised to return to the National Assembly when one public opinion poll in October 1984 showed it with 18% public support, its best showing since 1976, in the wake of the 1984 federal election in which the Progressive Conservatives won Quebec and the country in a landslide. However, Béliveau contested a June 3, 1985 by-election in Trois-Rivières and was defeated, finishing third with 16% of the vote. He tried to merge the UN with the fledgling Progressive Conservative Party of Quebec, but negotiations came to nothing. In September, after a group of veteran party members demanded his immediate resignation, Beliveau stepped down as leader.
The party appointed André Léveillé, a minister in the Johnson government, as interim party leader on October 28, 1985. Earlier, Léveillé had announced the formation of his own Parti du progrès, which he subsequently abandoned. Léveillé led the party into the December 2, 1985, general election. However, the party ran only 19 candidates, none of whom came close to being elected. It only won 0.23% of the popular vote, its worst showing ever. This would prove to be the final general election in which the Union Nationale fielded candidates.
By the 1980s, the Union Nationale no longer could rely on a significant get-out-the-vote organization or attract any media attention. The electorate was increasingly polarized over the constitutional issue, with conservative-leaning voters split between either the federalist Liberals or the sovereigntist Parti Québécois in provincial elections.
Furthermore, a number of small conservative and créditiste parties were created and were in competition with the Union Nationale for the few thousands of votes that were still up for grabs. Those parties included André Asselin's Progressive Conservative Party of Quebec, Jacques E. Tardif's Unité Québec and Jean-Paul Poulin's Parti crédit social uni. The situation accelerated the demise of the Union Nationale.
On June 19, 1989, Quebec chief electoral officer Pierre F. Côté withdrew the party's registration after the party was found to be nearly $350,000 in debt. As a result of this decision, it was no longer able to receive contributions or make expenditures. The next day, the interim leader of the party, Michel Le Brun, told a reporter that he would contest the decision before the Quebec Superior Court, arguing that the decision was unfair, and a violation of both the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It was the first time in Quebec that a party had lost its official status as a result of its debts.
Le Brun resurrected the Union Nationale under the name Parti Renaissance on June 26, 1992. It ran candidates in two by-elections in 1993, but the party did not field any eligible candidates in the 1994 election and lost its registration on August 27, 1994.
Although another attempt was made to revive the Union Nationale in 1998, it failed when the party failed to nominate enough candidates to be registered. The Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) was established about at the same time and made a significant breakthrough in the districts that were once considered the base of the Union Nationale's support. This has continued with Coalition Avenir Québec, which has sometimes drawn comparisons with Union Nationale.
In 2009, former Union Nationale MNAs Serge Fontaine and Bertrand Goulet (both of whom had been among the last Union Nationale members elected to the legislature) announced the formation of a new Conservative Party of Quebec. Fontaine had asked Éric Caire of the ADQ to join the party and become its leader, with a view to attract disaffected ADQ supporters, but this did not materialize and Caire now sits as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec.
The Parti démocratie chrétienne du Québec, a minor political party which garners less than 1% of the popular vote, was founded in 2000 and emulates the Union Nationale by combining moderate Quebec nationalism with Christian social conservatism. It changed its name in 2012 to the Parti unité nationale.
Vocabulary
The media claimed that the Parti Québécois was going through a phase of Union-Nationalization () when, in the mid-1980s, it chose Pierre-Marc Johnson as its leader and put the issue of Quebec sovereignty on the back burner.
Party leaders
Source:
General election results
1 Compared to the 1935 election in which the Action libérale nationale, led by Paul Gouin, and the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Maurice Duplessis elected, which elected 42 MLAs (27 ALN and 15 Conservatives) running as an electoral alliance under the banner of the Union nationale. The two parties formally merged prior to the 1936 election.
See also
Coalition Avenir Québec
Clerico-nationalism
Parti nationaliste chrétien
Action démocratique du Québec
Political parties in Quebec
List of Quebec general elections
National Assembly of Quebec
Parti conservateur du Québec
Parti National Populaire
Politics of Quebec
Timeline of Quebec history
Union Nationale leadership elections
Notes
External links
National Assembly historical information
La Politique québécoise sur le Web
Provincial political parties in Quebec
Political parties established in 1935
Defunct political parties in Canada
Conservative parties in Canada
1935 establishments in Quebec
1989 disestablishments in Quebec
Political parties disestablished in 1989
Maurice Duplessis
Right-wing populism in Canada
Far-right politics in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20Nationale%20%28Quebec%29 |
February 5: Japan's Ministry of Finance announces plans to cut import tariffs on crude oil and most petroleum products from April 1, 1997, in a phased process that will reduce the country's crude oil import tariff rate to zero in April 2002. (DJ)
February 24: Qatar inaugurates the world's largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporting facility and formally launches Qatar Liquefied Gas Co., which will have total output capacity of 6 million tons per year of LNG. The facilities are part of a new $7.2 billion industrial zone which also includes a sea port with a capacity to handle 25-30 million tons of LNG annually. Qatar plans to build more gas liquefaction plants in the area to exploit its natural gas reserves of around . (DJ)
April 1: A Shell spokesman confirms the company will declare force majeure at its Nigerian Bonny terminal due to local protests which disrupted of the company's oil production. Although the protests have ended and production is returning to normal, the backlog is temporarily delaying loadings by three days. (DJ)
May 16: A final agreement creating the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) is signed by project participants: Russia (24 percent), Kazakhstan (19 percent), Chevron Corporation (15 percent), AO Lukoil/ARCO Corp. (12.5 percent), Mobil Corp. (7.5 percent), AO Rosneft/Shell Corp. (7.5 percent), Oman (7 percent), Agip SpA (2 percent), British Gas plc (2 percent), Oryx Corp. (1.75 percent), and Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures, a joint venture of Kazakhstan's state oil company and Amoco Corp. (1.75 percent). The Russian government plans to transfer its stake to two Russian oil companies, AO Lukoil and AO Rosneft. CPC plans to begin building a pipeline to transport crude oil from the Caspian region to Russia's Black Sea coast in 1998 and begin shipping around of oil in 1999 (planned peak capacity is ). (DJ)
May 20: U.S. President Bill Clinton signs an executive order barring new U.S. investment in Burma (also known as Myanmar), effective May 21 and renewable annually. U.S. companies have invested about $250 million in Burma, primarily in the oil and gas sector. The biggest U.S. investor is Unocal, which is building (with France's Total) a $1.2 billion pipeline from Burma's Yadana natural gas field to an electric power plant in Thailand. (DJ)
June 4: In a unanimous vote, the United Nations Security Council renews for another 180-day period its "oil for food" initiative with Iraq. Under the resolution, Iraq may sell $2 billion worth of oil to buy food, medicine and other necessities to alleviate civilian suffering under the sanctions imposed when it invaded Kuwait in 1990. (WP)
July 22: The first shipments of oil produced from Kazakhstan's Tengiz field arrive at terminals on the Black Sea in Novorossiysk (Russia) and Batumi (Georgia) for subsequent export through the Bosphoros Strait. Volumes total between 100,000 and . (DJ)
July 23: The U.S. State Department rules that Turkey's August 1996 agreement to purchase $23 billion worth of natural gas from Iran over a 20-year period does not violate the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act. In a May 1997 memorandum of understanding with Iran and Turkmenistan, Turkey modified the original arrangement so that the natural gas will be purchased from Turkmenistan rather than Iran. (DJ)
August 4: In Colombia, Occidental Petroleum, a California-based international oil company, and Ecopetrol, Colombia's national oil company, declare force majeure on all oil exports from the Caño Limón field. The declaration comes after a series of attacks dating back to July 30 knocked out a major oil pipeline transporting oil from the field to the Caribbean port of Coveñas. The pipeline had been attacked 45 times this year which is equal to the total number of attacks for 1996. Responsibility for the attacks has not been determined, but leftist guerrillas from the National Liberation Army are usually blamed for such attacks. The force majeure declaration does not apply to the oil contained in the storage facility at Coveñas. (DJ)
August 8: The United Nations approves a sale-price formula for Iraqi crude oil sales under the oil-for-food plan. The approval cleared the way for Iraq to resume limited oil exports immediately through the Turkish port of Ceyhan on the Mediterranean Sea and Iraq's Gulf port of Mina al-Bakr. The United Nations will also begin reviewing contracts for Iraqi crude oil purchases. Iraq has until September 5 to raise the $1.07 billion allowed under the existing 90-day oil-for-food plan window. Iraqi officials state they will boost exports to to meet the sales target. However, industry experts say that Iraq's export capacity is untested beyond . (DJ)
September 12: The United Nations Security Council passes a resolution that allows Iraq to reach the $2.14 billion oil sales limit under its oil-for-food program by December 5. The current six-month oil sales window, running from June 8 to December 5, will be split into a 120-day segment and a 60-day segment instead of two 90-day segments. During each segment Iraq can sell $1.07 billion worth of oil. The resolution should enable Iraq to make up for lost revenues during a delay in the start of oil sales during the first two months of the current six-month sale period. (DJ)
October 29: Iraq's Revolution Command Council, the country's main decision making body, announces that it will no longer allow U.S. citizens and U.S. aircraft to serve with the United Nations (U.N.) arms inspection teams. The council's statement gives U.S. citizens working with the inspection teams one week to leave Iraq. Iraq has also asked the U.N. to stop flights by American reconnaissance aircraft monitoring its compliance with U.N. resolutions requiring the elimination of weapons of mass destruction. In response to this statement, the U.N. Security Council unanimously approves a statement condemning Iraq's threats to expel the Americans. (DJ)
November 20: Iraq's Revolution Command Council formally endorses an agreement, arranged by Russia, that enables United Nation's (U.N.) weapons inspection teams to resume operations in Iraq. The deal ends a three-week standoff between the U.N. and Iraq that began in late October 1997 after Iraq announced it would no longer allow U.S. citizens to serve on U.N. weapons' inspection teams. (DJ)
November 29: For the first time in four years, OPEC agrees to an increase in its production ceiling. OPEC has raised the ceiling to for the first half of 1998, effective January 1, 1998. The new ceiling represents a 10 percent increase over the current ceiling. (NYT)
December 4: Iraq's United Nations (U.N.) Ambassador Nizar Hamdoon warns that Iraq will not allow oil to flow during a third six-month phase of the U.N.'s oil-for-food sale until the U.N. approves an aid distribution plan. Despite the warning, the U.N. Security Council approves a third six-month phase following the end of the second six-month phase. Like the first two phases, the third phase allows Iraq to sell up to $1.07 billion of oil in each of two 90-day periods. However, the sales level may be increased by the Security Council in January 1998 after U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan reports on Iraq's needs. The next day Iraq stops pumping oil into the Iraqi-Turkish pipeline at the end of the second six-month phase of the United Nations (U.N.) oil-for-food program. (WP, NYT)
December 11: Delegates from 150 industrial nations attending a United Nations climate conference in Kyoto, Japan reach agreement on a protocol to control heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The protocol, if ratified, would commit nations to roll back emissions of six greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride) below 1990 levels. Under the protocol, the United States would be required to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 7 percent below 1990 levels, while Europe and Japan would make cuts of 8 percent and 9 percent, respectively. Developing countries, including China and India, are exempt from the emissions ceilings for the time being. (DJ)
Sources
Energy Information Administration: Chronology of World Oil Market Events
Commodity Research Bureau. The CRB Commodity Yearbook 1997, 1997.
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| width="40%" align="center" | This article is part of theChronology of world oil market events (1970-2005)
| width="30%" align="center" | following year:1998 world oil market chronology
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Oil market timelines
World oil market chronology
World Oil Market Chronology, 1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20world%20oil%20market%20chronology |
Donald Clarke Sweeney (born August 17, 1966) is a Canadian former ice hockey defenceman who played over 1,100 games in the National Hockey League (NHL), mostly with the Boston Bruins. He ranks among the top ten in many Bruins team statistics, including fourth overall in total games played. After retiring from hockey following the 2003–04 season, he worked briefly as a broadcaster before rejoining the Bruins as a team executive in 2006. His name was engraved on the Stanley Cup when the Bruins won in 2011.
He is the current general manager of the Bruins, a position he has held since May 2015 after replacing Peter Chiarelli.
Early life
Sweeney grew up in St. Stephen, New Brunswick. In high school, he skated for St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He was drafted to the NHL by the Bruins out of high school, 166th overall in the eighth round, but he postponed his NHL career in order to attend college. He decided to attend Harvard University, where he lived in Grays Hall during his freshman year. He played hockey for four years there for the Crimson ice hockey team, where he was named an NCAA East All-American and an ECAC First Team All-Star in 1988.
Playing career
Sweeney made his NHL debut during the 1988–89 season, having spent half of the year with the American Hockey League (AHL)'s Maine Mariners. In the following season, he helped the Bruins in the NHL to win the Prince of Wales Trophy by scoring six points in 21 games until they finally lost to the Edmonton Oilers in the Stanley Cup Finals.
In 1992–93, Sweeney played in all 84 games and put up 36 points and ended up winning the Adams Trophy that year. In both the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons he was second amongst Boston defenceman with 22 and 28 points, respectively. In 1997–98, Sweeney missed the last 23 games of the season with a fractured shoulder that he suffered on March 1. In the next season, Sweeney achieved 205 hits and 85 blocked shots in 81 games. In the 1999–2000 season, he had 301 hits and 84 blocked shots, and in the following year he had 172 hits in 72 games and in 2000–01 season he contributed 18 points in 81 games. In the 2002–03 season, Sweeney scored only eight points in 67 games as his team nestled into third place in the division. On November 14 that year, he also played in his 1,000th NHL game.
Sweeney played a total of 15 seasons and 1,051 games for Boston, being one of just four players—and two defencemen—in team history to play in over 1,000 games.
Since July 2006, he has ranked third on the Bruins' all-time games played list, while amongst all-time club defencemen, he ranks tenth in career goals (52), eighth in assists (210) and ninth in points (262).
Sweeney ended his playing career in 2003–04 as a member of the Dallas Stars. He retired with NHL totals of 52 goals and 221 assists for 273 points and 681 penalty minutes in 1,115 career regular season games. He added nine goals and ten assists for 19 points with 81 penalty minutes in 108 career playoff games.
Executive career
Following the firing of Peter Chiarelli as Bruins' general manager on April 15, 2015, speculation had surrounded Sweeney's status within the Bruins front office, as Sweeney's early May 2015 meeting with Bruins head coach Claude Julien may have been an indication that as well as Julien remaining as the Bruins' head coach into the 2015–16 season, Sweeney could possibly have been in line to become the Bruins' next general manager. On May 20, the Bruins named Sweeney as the team's general manager.
On June 26, at the 2015 NHL Entry Draft and in his first major move as GM, Sweeney traded restricted free agent defenceman Dougie Hamilton to the Calgary Flames in exchange for the Draft's 15th overall pick (used to select Zachary Senyshyn) and two second-round draft picks. Shortly after, he traded long-time Bruins forward Milan Lucic to the Los Angeles Kings in exchange for the 13th overall pick (used to select Jakub Zbořil), Martin Jones and Colin Miller. Four days later, on June 30, Sweeney then traded Jones to the San Jose Sharks for a first-round pick in 2016 (29th overall, used to select Trent Frederic)
Sweeney guided the Bruins return to prominence in the 2018–19 season, winning the Eastern Conference Finals and securing a berth at the 2019 Stanley Cup Finals against the St. Louis Blues. Despite losing to the Blues, Sweeney was recognized as the NHL General Manager of the Year Award at the NHL Awards Ceremony in Las Vegas, Nevada, on Jun 19, 2019.
Personal life
Sweeney and his wife, former figure skater Christine Hough, have twin sons, Jarrod and Tyler.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
See also
List of NHL players with 1000 games played
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
Boston Bruins draft picks
Boston Bruins executives
Boston Bruins players
Boston Bruins scouts
Boston Bruins announcers
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Dallas Stars players
Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey players
Ice hockey people from New Brunswick
Maine Mariners (AHL) players
People from St. Stephen, New Brunswick
New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame inductees
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Sweeney |
The DeSoto Six was first introduced in 1929 and was badge engineered from the 1929 Chrysler Six Series 62 with the same wheelbase, while it offered a smaller Chrysler I6 with an overall length of . It was offered in four two-door sedan configurations and three four-door sedan body styles. It used the Series K designation for two years then was updated to the Series CK in mid-1930.
1929-1933
The DeSoto Six Series K was introduced August 4, 1928 as a 1929 model. It was a badge engineered version of the 1928 Chrysler Six Series 60 offering the same body style choices of the Chrysler. In honor of Hernando de Soto's Spanish heritage, trim packages used the terms "cupe", "coche" and "de Lujo", or spanish for "coupe", "coach" and "deluxe", while the roadster was called the "Roadster Espanol". By 1931 English terms were used for all models. The engine used was the Silver Dome while the roadster was offered with the high performance Red Head while the displacement was the same at Chrysler I6. Hydraulic, four wheel drum brakes are attached to wood spoked wheels. Four, two-door body styles were offered and three, four-door body styles were offered including a touring car convertible were offered. All two-door choices were available for the same list price of $845 ($ in dollars ), while the DeLujo Sedan was the top model at $955 ($ in dollars ). The affordable price for a Chrysler Straight Six helped the successful introduction, setting a record sales pace and an all-time high for any American car at its introduction. The introduction of DeSoto benefited from Chrysler having entered and finished in the 1929 24 Hours of Le Mans which helped sales.
1935-1936
The Desoto Series SF Airstream is an automobile that was built by DeSoto during model years 1935 and 1936. During both years, the car was sold along with the streamlined DeSoto Series SE Airflow. The DeSoto Airstream Series SF was sold for model year 1935, and was reidentified as the Series S-1 for 1936. The 4-door sedan sold for US$795 ($ in dollars ), or $220 less than a 4-door DeSoto Series SG Airflow which was listed at US$1,015 ($ in dollars ). Chrysler fielded its own Chrysler Airstream model concurrently; visual cues separated the two automobiles.
The Airstream was the modernized DeSoto Six Series SD, and was offered to recapture market share lost during the 1934 season when DeSoto only offered the Airflow. In 1935, there were 20,784 Airstream cars sold, as compared to 6,797 Airflow models. Airstream sales nearly doubled the units of Airflows, 13,940, sold in 1934. While streamlined and aerodynamic, the Airflow was not embraced by the public, and the more mainstream Airstream was introduced until the DeSoto Six nameplate returned in 1937 with the Series S-3.
In reviewing the Airstream, conventionality was its best attribute. Solidly built, and more conservatively styled, the Chrysler Straight-6 Airstream did away with the Airflow's integrated headlights, broad grille work and monocoque construction. While the superstructure of the Airstream was all-steel (as opposed to wooden framing - a practice still followed by some US automakers in the mid-1930s), the car rested on its frame, while Airflow's unibody build qualities placed the passenger compartment within the frame structure. It has a 118" wheelbase.
Body styles for 1935 included 2-door business coupe, convertible coupe, roadster coupe, 5-passenger coupe and trunkback sedan. Four-door offerings included a base sedan and a trunkback sedan. The cars featured Chrysler's vaunted “Floating Power” rubber engine mounts which isolated engine vibration from the chassis. Optional features included carpeting for the front seat area, radio, twin windshield wipers and a heater. Airstreams were priced about $200 less ($ in dollars ) than the DeSoto Airflow. That, plus the more traditional styling, made the car a success.
In 1936 the Airstream was split into two trim levels while being the same Series S-1, Deluxe and Custom. Deluxe models had one piece windshields while Customs (exp. the convertible) had two piece units which were quickly becoming the industry standard. The senior series also gained a Custom Traveler model, built on a stretched 130" wheelbase. Custom Travelers were popular with limousine conversion companies and marked the beginning of DeSoto's long standing, and profitable relationship with the taxicab industry.
For 1936 total sales improved to 38,938 units, of which the Airstream accounted for 33,938 units compared to the reduced Airflow offerings with returned 5,000 units for the Airflow's final year.
See also
DeSoto Airflow
Chrysler Airstream
Fahlin SF-2 Plymocoupe aircraft made from 1935 Plymouth coupe
References
Airstream
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Convertibles
Coupés
Sedans
Cars introduced in 1935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSoto%20Six |
Lawrence "Larry" Mariano Simon (born 1977) is a former director of pediatric otolaryngology and current assistant clinical professor of otolaryngology at Louisiana State University.
Education and career
Simon was born and raised in Lafayette, Louisiana. He graduated from Louisiana State University with a degree in biochemistry. Following his graduation from LSU, he became obtained an MD and became a resident in otolaryngology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. He then pursued fellowship in pediatric otolaryngology at Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego, California. Following training, for four years, Lawrence Simon worked in the field of academic medicine at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU. For two additional years he served as director of pediatric otolaryngology at Children's Hospital of New Orleans until he became a private practitioner in 2013 and became a director of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana by September 2017.
Dr. Simon is known for his service to Otolaryngology and Quality Pillar Advisory Councils and is a member of Annual Meeting Program and Practice Management Education Committees. Besides being a private practitioner, Simon does various civic duties. From 2018 to 2019 he served as president-elect of the Rotary Club of Lafayette-North and was reelected for a second term starting from 2019. He is also an elected chair of the Healthcare Campaign of the Acadiana branch of the United Way and is sitting on an Advisory Council of Ogden Honors College of Ogden College and Lafayette Animal Shelter and Care Center.
Awards and honors
Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics
Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (2014)
Fellow of the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy
Member of the American Medical Association
References
1977 births
Living people
American otolaryngologists
Louisiana State University alumni
Louisiana State University faculty
Fellows of the American College of Surgeons
People from Lafayette, Louisiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Simon |
pfSense is a firewall/router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. The open source pfSense Community Edition (CE) and pfSense Plus is installed on a physical computer or a virtual machine to make a dedicated firewall/router for a network. It can be configured and upgraded through a web-based interface, and requires no knowledge of the underlying FreeBSD system to manage.
Overview
The pfSense project began in 2004 as a fork of the m0n0wall project by Chris Buechler and Scott Ullrich. Its first release was in October 2006. The name derives from the fact that the software uses the packet-filtering tool, PF.
Notable functions of pfSense include traffic shaping, VPNs using IPsec or PPTP, captive portal, stateful firewall, network address translation, 802.1q support for VLANs, and dynamic DNS. pfSense can be installed on hardware with an x86-64 processor architecture. It can also be installed on embedded hardware using Compact Flash or SD cards, or as a virtual machine.
WireGuard protocol support
In February 2021, pfSense CE 2.5.0 and pfSense Plus 21.02 added support for a kernel WireGuard implementation. Support for WireGuard was temporarily removed in March 2021 after implementation issues were discovered by WireGuard founder Jason Donenfeld. The July 2021 release of pfSense CE 2.5.2 version re-included WireGuard.
See also
Comparison of firewalls
List of router and firewall distributions
References
Further reading
Mastering pfSense, Second Edition Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing, 2018. . By David Zientra.
Security: Manage Network Security With pfSense Firewall [Video] Birmingham, UK: Packt, 2018. . By Manuj Aggarwal.
External links
2004 software
BSD software
Firewall software
Free routing software
FreeBSD
Gateway/routing/firewall distribution
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
Products introduced in 2004
Routers (computing)
Wireless access points | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PfSense |
The Scodie Mountains are a sub-mountain range of the Southern Sierra Nevada rising from the Mojave Desert, and located in Kern County, California.
Geography
The range lies in an east–west direction directly west of the desert town of Ridgecrest, and southeast of the Kern River Valley and Lake Isabella. The mountain range reaches an elevation of above sea level at Cathie's Peak.
The range was named by the U.S. Forest Service for William Scodie, who established "Scodie's Store" (ca.1860) at the mouth of what is now named Scodie Canyon.
Kiavah Wilderness
The Scodie Mountains are home to the Kiavah Wilderness Area, managed by the Bureau of Land Management.
Natural history
The Scodie Mountains are an ecotone of Mojave Desert and Sierra Nevada flora, with plant communities differentiated by elevation.
They lie to the north of the Jawbone-Butterbredt Area of Critical Environmental Concern.
See also
Robbers Roost (Kern County, California) — NRHP site in the Scodie Mountains.
References
External links
BLM: official Kiavah Wilderness Area website
Mountain ranges of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Mountain ranges of the Mojave Desert
Mountain ranges of Kern County, California
Kern River Valley
Protected areas of the Mojave Desert
Protected areas of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Bureau of Land Management areas in California
Mountain ranges of Southern California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scodie%20Mountains |
Sources include: Dow Jones (DJ), New York Times (NYT), Wall Street Journal (WSJ), and the Washington Post (WP).
January 7: Due to the continuing Asian economic crisis, South Korea's refiners have reportedly cut operations to around 80 percent of capacity. The refiners have also had difficulty securing crude oil supplies for delivery in late January or February, which could cut operations to as low as 70 percent-75 percent of capacity. (DJ)
January 15: Environmentalists hail the implementation of a 50-year moratorium on mining and oil exploration in the Antarctic. A protocol for the protection of the Antarctic was adopted by twenty-six countries in 1991, but it could not be implemented until Japan's ratification cleared the way last month. Antarctica contains 70 percent of the world's fresh water, and the moratorium attempts to preserve the world's least polluted continent. (WP)
February 5: Following a ruling by a federal judge denying a request from environmentalists and Native Americans seeking to block the sale of the Elk Hills Naval Petroleum Reserve, the U.S. Department of Energy formally transfers ownership of the reserve to Occidental Petroleum Corporation. Occidental purchased a 78 percent interest in the field for $3.65 billion. Chevron Corporation currently holds the remaining 22 percent. Elk Hills contains of proven oil reserves; however, officials from Occidental believe the reserve may contain one billion barrels of recoverable reserves. (DJ)
February 20: The United Nations Security Council votes unanimously to more than double the amount of oil Iraq can export under the U.N. Oil-for-Food Programme. The Security Council's vote increases the amount Iraq can export from $2.14 billion to $5.26 billion over six months. Iraq maintains that it only has the capability to export up to $4 billion over a six-month period. (DJ)
March 31: OPEC releases an official communique from its 104th (extraordinary) meeting convened in Vienna, Austria, on March 30, 1998. The communique states that member countries have agreed to voluntary cuts from each country's current production levels in an attempt to boost oil prices. OPEC has agreed to cuts totaling effective April 1, 1998. Moreover, a third non-OPEC country, Norway, the world's third largest oil exporter, has pledged to reduce its oil production by 3 percent, or approximately . However, Norway's cuts will not take effect until mid-April 1998. (Cuts are from February production based on secondary sources.) (DJ) (WSJ)(NYT)
May 4: The Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) announces that it will acquire Union Texas Petroleum Holdings Incorporated, an independent oil company based in Houston, Texas, for $2.47 billion. The acquisition will add to ARCO's oil and natural gas production and increase ARCO's total oil and gas reserves by 14 percent. The deal also helps ARCO enter the Caspian Sea region, with ARCO gaining a 12.5 percent interest in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium and a 5 percent interest in Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil filed. ARCO also will gain additional interests in projects located in the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Alaska, and Venezuela. (NYT) (WSJ)
May 11: India announces that it has conducted three underground nuclear tests, the country's first since 1974. The tests were conducted simultaneously southwest of New Delhi, near the Pakistani border. The Indian government indicates that the three tests included a thermonuclear device, commonly known as a hydrogen bomb. Two days later, on May 13, 1998, India announces that it has conducted two more underground nuclear tests in the same desert range. (WP) (DJ)
June 19: The United Nations (U.N.) Security Council unanimously approves a resolution allowing Iraq to spend $300 million on spare parts for its oil industry. The funding is intended to help Iraq increase oil exports under the fourth phase of the U.N.'s oil-for-food program. The spare parts are expected to expand Iraq's oil export capacity from to or . (NYT) (DJ)
June 24: OPEC agrees, at its 105th ministerial conference, to another round of oil production cuts. In recent weeks oil prices have fallen to their lowest levels in more than a decade. OPEC members have agreed to cut production by , effective July 1, 1998, bringing the group's total reductions since March 1998 to . Together with promises from non-OPEC nations such as Russia, Oman, and Mexico, world oil producers have pledged to cut worldwide production by approximately . (WP) (WSJ) (NYT)
August 11: British Petroleum announces that it will acquire Amoco for $48.2 billion in stock. If the merger is approved by regulators and shareholders of both companies, it will be the largest oil industry merger and the largest foreign take-over of a U.S. company to date. The company will be known as BP Amoco, and it will be the world's third-largest multinational oil company in terms of net income behind Exxon and Royal Dutch/Shell Group. (NYT) (WSJ) (WP)
October 1: South Korea's oil refining sector fully deregulates, allowing for 100 percent foreign investment. Originally, South Korea had expected to fully deregulate its refining industry by January 1999, but it decided to move up the date in order to help reform its economy. (DJ)
October 7: European Union (EU) nations approve an accord in which European car makers will voluntarily agree to cut carbon dioxide emissions 25 percent by 2008. EU officials say they will seek similar deals with automakers in Asia and North America. (WP)
October 28: Japan's Nippon Oil Company, the country's second largest petroleum distributor and Mitsubishi Oil Company, the sixth-ranking company in the industry, agree to merge as of April 1, 1999. The combined company will be the largest oil distributor in Japan. (WSJ)
December 2: Exxon Corporation agrees to buy Mobil Corporation for approximately $75.4 billion, which will make the company the largest corporation in the U.S. The companies say they expect to cut about 9,000 jobs from their combined worldwide workforce of 122,700 and to close offices, saving $730 million. The merger comes in the context of low oil prices, which have hurt profits at many oil companies. (DJ)
December 23: The Colombian government says it will allow gasoline and diesel prices to float with international oil prices starting January 1, 1999. The move will end a system of artificial price fixing which has cost the government more than $3.2 billion in subsidies over the past five years. (DJ)
Sources
Energy Information Administration: Chronology of World Oil Market Events
Commodity Research Bureau. The CRB Commodity Yearbook 1998, 1998.
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Oil market timelines
World oil market chronology
World Oil Market Chronology, 1998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20world%20oil%20market%20chronology |
Landis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arthur H. Landis, American science fiction and fantasy writer
Bill Landis, American baseball player
Carole Landis, American film actress
Charles B. Landis, U.S. Representative from Indiana
Charles K. Landis, American property developer in southern New Jersey
Cullen Landis, American film actor
David Landis, American politician
Evgenii Landis, Russian mathematician
Floyd Landis, American cyclist
Forrest Landis, American child actor
Frederick Landis, U.S. Representative from Indiana
Geoffrey A. Landis, American scientist and science fiction writer
James M. Landis, American lawyer, academic, and government official
James Nobel Landis, American electrical-power engineer
James P. Landis, soldier in the American Civil War and Medal of Honor recipient
Jean Landis, American aviator
Jessie Royce Landis, American actress
Jill Marie Landis, American romance author
Jim Landis, American baseball player
John Landis, American film actor and director
John D. Landis (urban planner), Professor of City and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania
Joshua Landis, American scholar of the Middle East
Kenesaw Mountain Landis, U.S. Federal judge and Commissioner of Major League Baseball
Mark A. Landis, American art forger
Max Landis, American screenwriter
Merkel Landis, American lawyer and businessman
Michele Landis Dauber, American academic
Nina Landis, Australian actress | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landis |
Agenparl is the press agency in Italy. It focuses on politics and it provides daily news coming from the Italian parliament. Articles published by the press agency are published in most Italian newspapers.
External links
AgenParl
References
Mass media companies of Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenparl |
The white-margin fin smooth-hound (Mustelus albipinnis) is a smooth-hound from the Gulf of California, off the coast of Mexico. The white-margin fin smooth-hound shark is slender, dark grey-brown in color, and grows up to 1.2 m (4 ft) long.
References
Mustelus
Endemic fish of Mexico
Fish of the Gulf of California
Fish described in 2005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-margin%20fin%20smooth-hound |
Sources include: Dow Jones (DJ), New York Times (NYT), Wall Street Journal (WSJ), and the Washington Post (WP).
January 1: British Petroleum Company and Amoco Corporation complete their $53 billion merger. Chicago-based Amoco is the United States' fifth-largest oil company with roughly 9,300 gasoline stations. London-based British Petroleum, the world's third largest oil company, sells its products through a network of about 17,900 stations. (DJ)
February 4: Italy's ENI SpA and Russia's RAO Gazprom, the world's largest natural gas producer, agree to build a natural gas pipeline from Russia to Turkey at a cost of nearly $3 billion. Each project partner will hold a 50 percent stake in the project. The proposed pipeline, called the Blue Stream project, is expensive by industry standards partly because it would run at great depth under the waters of the Black Sea. (Asian WSJ)
February 10: U.S. Energy Secretary Bill Richardson visits Saudi Arabia to discuss potential U.S. investment in the Kingdom's oil and gas sectors. Following his visit, Richardson says the Saudis are primarily interested in foreign investment in the natural gas sector and in the oil refining and marketing sectors, rather than in the upstream crude oil sector. Secretary Richardson's visit comes several months after a September 1998 meeting between several U.S. oil companies, Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah and Saudi Oil Minister Ali Naimi, in which Abdullah requested proposals from the companies on the development of Saudi oil reserves. (DJ, WSJ)
March 23: In an effort to raise oil prices, which fell sharply in late 1997 and stayed low through 1998 and into early 1999, OPEC and non-OPEC countries agree to cut oil output by a combined , effective April 1, 1999, for one year. OPEC members have pledged to cut , while several non-OPEC countries have pledged total reductions of . During 1998, due mainly to low oil prices, OPEC crude oil export revenues fell 30 percent (to $100 billion) from the previous year. (DJ, NYT)
March 31: Arco agrees to be acquired by BP Amoco PLC for $26.6 billion in stock. If approved, the merger will create the largest oil producer in the United States and one of the largest energy companies in the world. The deal marks the fourth largest oil company merger since the onset of low oil prices in late 1997. (DJ), (WSJ)
April 5: Following the arrival in the Netherlands of two Libyan suspects in the 1988 bombing of Pan American Flight 103 that killed 270 people, United Nations sanctions against Libya are suspended. The sanctions, imposed on March 31, 1992, initially included a ban on the sale of equipment for refining and transporting oil, but excluded oil production equipment. Sanctions were then expanded on November 11, 1993, to include a freeze on Libya's overseas assets, excluding revenue from oil, natural gas, or agricultural products. (DJ)
April 15: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announces that it will begin taking oil deliveries within the next few days under its plan to add of oil to the U.S. Government's Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) from federal oil royalty payments. In Phase 1 of the plan, the SPR is expected to acquire about over the next 3 months from oil companies operating in the Gulf of Mexico. Although about 50 percent of the oil supplied in Phase 1 will be imported, domestic producers would still benefit from the entire acquisition since the oil market is international and fungible, according to a DOE official. Under Phase 2 of the program, the DOE expects to acquire about of royalty oil over a 6-month period. (DJ)
April 17: An oil pipeline that transports oil from Baku, Azerbaijan, to Suspa, Georgia, is officially opened. This is the second pipeline dedicated to exporting Caspian Sea oil, but the first built since the Soviet Union disbanded in 1991. The other Caspian Sea oil pipeline, which runs through the Russian breakaway republic of Chechnya to the Russian port of Novorossisk, is often shut down. The new pipeline to Georgia has a capacity of . (DJ)
April 28: The U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC), notifies Mobil that it has turned down Mobil's request for a license to swap crude oil it produces in Turkmenistan in exchange for Iranian oil. Mobil had hoped to be allowed to ship oil produced in Turkmenistan to northern Iranian oil refineries, while Iran, in turn, would provide Iranian oil from Iran's Persian Gulf export terminals to Mobil for shipment to global markets as payment. OFAC is responsible for enforcing U.S. unilateral sanctions against foreign countries. As a result of OFAC's denial of a swap arrangement with Iran, Mobil will have to continue exporting its Turkmenistan oil production across the Caspian Sea by barge to Azerbaijan, where it is then carried by rail or pipeline to Black Sea ports. (DJ, WP)
May 1: U.S. President Bill Clinton unveils a plan to apply the same standard for tailpipe emissions to cars, light-duty trucks, and most sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Based on current nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission levels, the proposed plan would result in a 77 percent reduction for cars and a 95 percent reduction for light-duty trucks and SUVs. The new standards would be phased in from the 2004 to 2007 model years. At the same time, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposes a rule that would require refiners to reduce gasoline sulfur content from a current average of nearly 330 parts per million (ppm) to 30 ppm. The new sulfur standard is being proposed in conjunction with the new tailpipe emission proposal since sulfur impedes catalytic converter efficiency, thus making it more difficult to reduce tailpipe emissions without reducing sulfur content in gasoline. Oil industry representatives have vowed to protest the proposed rule, claiming that it will cost refiners $3 billion to $6 billion. The EPA estimates that the cost of compliance for both the automobile and oil industries will be between $3.4 billion and $4.4 billion. (DJ)
May 10: The Board of Argentine oil company YPF unanimously approved a $13.4 billion offer from Repsol, a Spanish company. Repsol, which already owns 14.99 percent of YPF, made an all-cash offer to purchase the remaining 85.01 percent last month. The Board recommended to all shareholders to accept the Repsol offer. Two Argentine provinces, which own about five percent of YPF's shares, remain concerned about Repsol's intentions for their regions. (WSJ)
May 12: The Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) begins construction of a pipeline that will carry crude oil from the Caspian Sea to the Russian port of Novorossisk for export to foreign markets. The pipeline's planned capacity is about , and the CPC is expecting to load the first tanker in mid-2001. (DJ)
May 17: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that it will not change its "Tier Two Plan" to cut gasoline sulfur content and tailpipe emissions, in response to a recent appellate court ruling that the EPA had overstepped its mandate in implementing some provisions of the Clean Air Act. Beginning in 2004, the Tier Two Plan would require refiners to cut gasoline sulfur content to an average of 30 parts per million, down more than 90 percent from the current national average. (DJ)
May 27: Exxon and Mobil shareholders approve an $81.2 billion merger, in which Exxon will issue 1.32 shares for each share of Mobil's approximately 780.2 million shares outstanding. The merger still must receive regulatory approval from the U.S. government and the European Union. The chairmen of both companies state that they expect regulatory approvals to be obtained by the end of the third quarter of 1999. (DJ)
June 1: Sudan starts pumping oil through its pipeline linking the Heglig oil field in Western Kordofan province to Port Sudan on the Red Sea. The pipeline has a capacity of , and was financed by a consortium of Chinese, Malaysian, Canadian, and Sudanese firms. (DJ)
August 9: The United States Department of Commerce dismisses a petition filed by Save Domestic Oil, Inc. under anti-dumping statutes. The petition alleged that Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Mexico, and Iraq had sold crude oil to the United States at artificially low prices. The decision was based on the Department of Commerce's determination that "opposition to the petitions exceeded support." Majority support is defined as petitioner representation of at least 25 percent of the domestic industry and support from at least 50 percent of the industry expressing an opinion. Support from a majority in the affected industry is necessary under the law for Commerce to commence a formal investigation of an anti-dumping complaint. (DJ, WP, NYT)
September 14: French oil companies Total Fina and Elf Aquitaine agree to merge, after a lengthy takeover battle, in a deal which will form the world's fourth largest oil company. The deal will give Elf Aquitaine shareholders 19 shares of Total Fina for every 13 shares of Elf Aquitaine. According to Total Fina's management, the merger will result in annual cost savings for the combined firm of $1.56 billion. (WP, WSJ)
September 22: OPEC, at a meeting of its member states' oil ministers, decides to maintain current production cuts until March 2000, despite the fact the crude oil prices have doubled since early 1999. In another development, OPEC announces that its current Secretary General, Nigerian Rilwanu Lukman, will stay in office until March 2000. The announcement follows a vigorously contested race to succeed Lukman in the post, in which OPEC's three largest members, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq, had fielded candidates. (DJ)
September 28: Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh announces that the National Iranian Oil Company has discovered a new oilfield, Azadegan, with of crude oil in Khuzestan province. The discovery is the largest new find in Iran in the last three decades. Zanganeh expects the field to produce between 300,000 and of crude oil three to four years after development begins next year. (DJ)
September 30: Japan suffers a serious nuclear accident at a uranium processing plant in Tokaimura, in which radiation is released after an apparent uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction. Three workers at the plant, operated by JCO, Inc., are injured. Japanese authorities issue a warning instructing 310,000 people in neighboring communities to stay indoors. (DJ, WSJ)
October 4: The United Nations Security Council agrees to raise the monetary ceiling on Iraqi oil sales to $8.3 billion from $5.26 billion, guaranteeing the continuation of Iraqi production until the November 20 end date for the current six-month extension of the "oil-for-food" program. The move is a one time adjustment, and does not bind the Security Council to continue a higher ceiling if the program is renewed for another six-month term. The increase reflects the difference between previous monetary ceilings and actual Iraqi sales during previous phases of the program. (DJ)
November 18: The heads of state of Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Georgia sign an agreement to build the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline for the export of crude oil from the Caspian Basin. The pipeline will begin at the Azerbaijani capital, Baku, and run through Georgia and Turkey to the Turkish port of Ceyhan. The project is expected to cost $2.4 billion, and the government of Turkey has offered guarantees that the cost of the Turkish segment of the pipeline will not exceed $1.4 billion. The signing ceremony took place during a visit to Istanbul by U.S. President Clinton for a summit of the Organization for Cooperation and Security in Europe (OSCE). (WP, NYT)
November 30: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) grants approval for the proposed merger between oil giants Exxon and Mobil. The $80 billion merger was approved by the FTC after the firms agreed to the largest divestiture of assets ever involved in a merger. The companies will sell over 2,400 retail outlets, mostly in the Northeast, Texas, and California, and a refinery in California. (DJ)
December 10: The California Air Resources Board approves a regulatory change that will halve the amount of sulfur allowed in gasoline sold in California from 30 parts per million to 15 parts per million, starting in 2003. The California limit would be half the national limit under a new rule proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The current federal sulfur limit for gasoline is 330 parts per million. (WSJ)
December 21: The Export-Import Bank drops a proposed $500 million loan to Russia's Tyumen Oil after Secretary of State Madeleine Albright exercises her statutory authority to block the transaction. The loan had been controversial in part because of Tyumen Oil's dispute with BP Amoco over the bankruptcy of Russian oil firm Sidanko, in which BP Amoco owns a major stake. BP Amoco and Tyumen Oil later settled the dispute on December 23. (DJ)
December 31: The Panama Canal Zone reverts to Panamanian sovereignty at noon, after nearly a century of American control. More than a half-million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products transit the Canal each day. (DJ)
December 31: After nearly two years of construction, ExxonMobil completes the Sable Offshore Energy Project, a $2 billion project to bring natural gas from fields offshore Nova Scotia to the northeastern United States. The fields are estimated to contain of natural gas. (DJ)
December 31: Russian President Boris Yeltsin makes a surprise announcement that he is resigning immediately. Vladimir Putin becomes Acting President, and presidential elections will be held within 90 days, with a date to be set by the State Duma. Russia is the largest exporter of energy in the world. (DJ)
Sources
Energy Information Administration: Chronology of World Oil Market Events
Commodity Research Bureau. The CRB Commodity Yearbook 1999, 1999.
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Oil market timelines
World oil market chronology
World Oil Market Chronology, 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20world%20oil%20market%20chronology |
John Leonard Dawson (30 September 1932 – 16 May 1999) was an English surgeon particularly known for his work in the field of liver disease. He pioneered several surgical techniques, including radical tumour resection, injection sclerotherapy and portosystemic shunt surgery. He served as the Serjeant Surgeon to the Royal Household of the United Kingdom, and was described by a peer as "the best general surgeon in London in the 1970s and 1980s".
Early life and education
Dawson was born in Leicester in 1932, to Leslie Joseph Dawson and his wife Mabel née Jayes. He attended Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys in Leicester, and then studied pathology at King's College London School of Medicine, graduating MB BS in 1955. He served in Libya and Cyprus with the Royal Army Medical Corps for his National Service. He trained at St James's Hospital, Balham, under Norman Tanner, and also under Edward Muir at King's College London. He gained his Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in 1958. In 1963–64 he attended Boston City Hospital and Harvard University on a Nuffield Scholarship.
Career
In 1964 or 1965, Dawson was appointed as a consultant surgeon at King's College Hospital, and he remained a surgeon there until 1994. He also held consultant positions at Bromley Hospital (1967–94) and the King Edward VII Hospital for Officers (1975–94). He was the Sir Arthur Sims Travelling Professor to Australasia (1981 or 1987). He succeeded Leonard Cotton as clinical dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at King's College London School of Medicine (1988–92). He was president of the surgical section of the Royal Society of Medicine, served as vice-chair of the British Journal of Surgery (1981–89), and also worked for the Medical Appeals Tribunal Service. He was appointed surgeon to the Royal Household (1975–83), Surgeon to the Queen (1983–90) and Serjeant Surgeon (1990–91). He was a fellow of King's College London from 1995 until his death.
Described as an "excellent diagnostician" who offered "sympathetic and meticulous" care after surgery, one of his peers called Dawson "the best general surgeon in London in the 1970s and 1980s". His early work was on the causes of postoperative kidney failure; he also researched jaundice in association with kidney failure. He later specialised in liver disease. He pioneered several surgical techniques, including radical tumour resection, injection sclerotherapy and portosystemic shunt surgery for portal hypertension. His hepatic focus was important in developing the Liver Unit at King's College Hospital, which was established in 1966 by Roger Williams and soon built an international reputation.
Personal life
In 1958, he married Rosemary Brundle, a physiotherapist; they had a daughter and two sons. His brother Anthony Dawson was a physician who served as Physician to the Queen. In 1991, Dawson was diagnosed with hepatitis and retired from some of his roles, continuing to work in others until his final year. He required a liver transplant and then developed spinal stenosis, for which he received surgery. He died in London on 16 May 1999, after a second liver transplant.
Awards and honours
He was awarded the CVO in 1992. Dawson Ward at King's College Hospital was named in his honour.
References
1932 births
1999 deaths
Alumni of King's College London
Academics of King's College London
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Harvard Medical School people
People educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys
Health professionals from Leicester
English surgeons
Liver transplant recipients
20th-century surgeons
20th-century British Army personnel
Royal Army Medical Corps soldiers
Military personnel from Leicester | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Leonard%20Dawson |
Barzinjah or Barzinja () is a town in Sulaymaniyah Province in Kurdistan Region, Iraq and has an elevation of 1,275 meters.
Notable people
Sultan Sahak
References
Populated places in Sulaymaniyah Province
Kurdish settlements in Iraq | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barzinjah |
All Saints Catholic College is a Roman Catholic co-educational secondary school situated in the North Kensington area of London, England.
It was formerly called Sion-Manning Catholic Girls' School until the change of name in September 2018 and subsequently became a co-educational school. It is part of a cluster of Catholic institutions located at St Charles Square which includes St Charles Catholic Primary School, St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College, St Pius X Church, various community centres and the Carmelite Monastery of the Most Holy Trinity.
The school educates boys and girls aged between 11 - 16, and has no sixth form.
History
Cardinal Manning had the vision to expand Catholic education in London but distrusted the Jesuits, who had already successfully established schools in Northern England. He acquired a plot of land North Kensington for St Charles College for Boys, a boarding which had been founded by the Oblates of St Charles Borromeo (see Ambrosians) in 1863, and it relocated there in 1874. The college was intended to prepare young men for the priesthood. The short-lived Kensington University College, also founded by Manning, was merged into the school as its "higher department". It closed in 1905 after 42 years in operation. Inspired by Charles Borromeo, Manning named the local parish St Charles, which covers present-day St Charles Square. The old buildings were taken over by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart who opened St Charles Teacher Training College and St Charles Demonstration School.
The training college was evacuated to Dorchester following the outbreak of World War II. The college buildings had been so badly damaged during the Blitz that the Sisters decided to move on to Roehampton where they were already running Digby Stuart College. The Archdiocese of Westminster took over the buildings in 1946 for redevelopment. St Charles Primary opened in 1954, followed by secondary moderns Cardinal Manning Boys School in 1955 and Cardinal Manning Girls School in 1958.
During the 1960s, Cardinal Manning Girls merged with a convent school founded by the Sisters of Sion at Chepstow Villas, Bayswater to form the present-day Sion-Manning School. Following a reorganisation of the Catholic education system within the archdiocese in 1990, Cardinal Manning Boys became St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College but remained on its site.
In September 2018, the school open as All Saints Catholic College with a new year 7 group of 150 students.
Notable former pupils
Nuala Quinn-Barton (b. 1952) - former fashion model, Film Producer
Hayley Atwell (b. 1982) - actress
Shanika Warren-Markland - actress
Khadija Saye (1992–2017) - photographer
References
Catholic secondary schools in the Archdiocese of Westminster
Secondary schools in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Voluntary aided schools in London
Educational institutions established in 1958
1958 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Saints%20Catholic%20College%2C%20North%20Kensington |
Louis August Gottschalk (August 26, 1916 – November 27, 2008) was an American psychiatrist and neuroscientist.
Gottschalk earned his M.D. at Washington University in St. Louis in 1943 and his Ph.D. from Southern California Psychoanalytic Institute in 1977.
He was the founding chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at University of California Irvine College of Medicine.
He gained national prominence by announcing in 1987 that Ronald Reagan had been suffering from diminished mental ability as early as 1980. He came to this conclusion by using the Gottschalk-Gleser scales, an internationally used diagnostic tool he helped develop for charting impairments in brain function, to measure speech patterns in Reagan's 1980 and 1984 presidential debates.
Gottschalk coinvented software that uncovered a link between childhood attention deficit disorder and adult addiction to alcohol and drugs. In 2004, at age 87, he published his last book, World War II: Neuropsychiatric Casualties, Out of Sight, Out of Mind.
In 2006, his son filed a suit alleging that Gottschalk had lost millions of dollars in an advance-fee scam.
Gottschalk died at his home on November 27, 2008.
Selected publications
Books
Articles
References
External links
Louis A. Gottschalk collected papers via Vanderbilt University
American neuroscientists
Washington University School of Medicine alumni
University of California, Irvine faculty
1916 births
2008 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20A.%20Gottschalk |
Fullbore Target Rifle (TR) is a precision rifle shooting sport discipline governed by the International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations (ICFRA). The sport evolved as a distinct British and Commonwealth of Nations discipline from Service rifle (SR) shooting in the late 1960s. Its development was heavily influenced by the British National Rifle Association (NRA). Due to this history, it is usually contested amongst the shooting events at the Commonwealth Games, although not at the Olympics. World Championships are held on a four-year cycle. The annual NRA Imperial Meeting at Bisley in the UK is globally recognised as a historic annual meeting for the discipline.
Nordic fullbore rifle is a variation of arranged by the Scandinavian rifle associations including the National Rifle Association of Norway, DGI Shooting (formerly De Danske Skytteforeninger) and the Swedish Shooting Sport Federation (formerly Frivilliga Skytterörelsen). Nordic field shooting competitions are shot at varied distances out to 600 m.
Naming conventions
Many rifles can be described as "target rifles" or "match rifles" in the general sense (being accurate rifles suitable for shooting targets). Within the context of fullbore rifle shooting "Target Rifle" and "Match Rifle" refer to specific classes in NRA and ICFRA competition.
NRA Target Rifle - discipline defined by Rule 150 of the British National Rifle Association.
ICFRA Target Rifle - TR defined by ICFRA. Slightly more permissive than NRA Target Rifle, rifles can typically be used for either with minor adjustments such as minimum trigger weight. Sometimes referred to as "Palma Rifle" (esp. in USA) in reference to the World Championship Palma Match.
Match Rifle - discipline defined by Rule 156 of the British National Rifle Association.
F-Class - discipline using TR-type rifles with rests and telescopic sights
History
Originally derived from service rifle, Target Rifle was shot with rifles of military origin, and the rules followed the adoption of cartridges by the military - from the .451 Whitworth rifle to the .303 Lee-Metford, and eventually to 7.62 NATO and .308. Modifications such as custom stocks and barrels became increasingly common but rifles were nonetheless built around actions of military design.
In 1970, George Swenson and Laurie Ingram developed the Swing rifle as an alternative to the dominant designs of the day, which were built around the Lee-Enfield No. 4 and Mauser 1898. Alongside the Australian Omark Model 44, the Swing was one of the first actions designed explicitly for target shooting, with attention paid to a short lock time and clean trigger break. The Swing ultimately evolved into the Paramount and RPA Quadlock rifles. The 1970s also saw the development of the Mauser-influenced Musgrave Target Rifle in South Africa, with the Australian Barnard Model P action entering production in 1982.
Match Rifle developed concurrently with Target Rifle, focussed on longer ranges (1000-1500 yards, where Target Rifle was contested at 300-1000 yards). The rules were less stringent and allowed more experimentation and deviation from the basic military rifles that designs were based on. Telescopic sights were permitted, and shooters had the choice of shooting prone (lying on their front) or supine (lying on their back).
F-Class is a relatively modern development, gaining popularity in the early 2000s. Developed in Canada by George "Farky" Farquharson (from whom "F"-Class is derived), it began by resting a TR-compliant rifle on a bipod and adding a telescopic sight. This permitted continued participation amongst older shooters with deteriorating sight, or who could not adopt a typical prone position. With time, innovation led to the creation of the "F-Open" class, which allowed more experimentation than was allowed in "F-TR".
Equipment
Standardised rifle
NRA Target Rifle is characterised by stringent standardisation of rifle characteristics such as sights and calibre. To level the playing field and to make it possible for riflemen of all budgets to compete seriously, the rifle or all its component parts must be 'readily available in quantity'. Rifles are limited to a weight of 6.5kg and a minimum trigger pull of 1.5kg. Where a magazine is fitted, it may only be used as a loading platform for single rounds.
Under ICFRA rules, the minimum trigger pull is reduced to 0.5kg.
Sights
Aperture sights which are fully adjustable for elevation and windage. A single magnifying lens (known as an "eagle eye") may be used in the front of the foresight to enlarge the image of the target in relation to the foresight element and diopter, without providing a telescopic sight.
Calibers
.303 British (standard military) was used until the late 1950s when NATO adopted the .308 Winchester/7.62×51mm NATO as the new military interoperable choice of ammunition. Under NRA and ICFRA Rules, .223 Remington/5.56x45 NATO is permitted as an alternative. However, many matches such as the NRA Imperial Meeting require competitors to use issued ammunition - which is typically only offered in .308. The .303 British calibre is still in use by Service Rifle shooters and was exclusively used by in the Short, Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) No.1 Mk. III and Lee-Enfield No. 4 rifles.
Clothing
Modern target rifle shooters commonly use specialised stiff leather or canvas shooting jackets to maintain a stable prone position. Riflemen also widely wear shooting gloves on their support hand to stabilise the rifle and to protect the hand from a single point sling.
Competitions
World Championships have been organised by ICFRA since 2003 and are held on a four-year cycle. Championships for TR-Class and F-Class are held separately, offset by two years. The TR Championship includes both an individual and a team event. The Team event is known historically as the Palma Match and the Team World Champions are awarded the Palma Trophy, which dates to 1876.
Fullbore Rifle is contested within the Shooting events at the Commonwealth Games. These are the only major multi-sport Games to include the discipline, with other events such as the Olympic or Asian Games focussing on ISSF-regulated smallbore and air rifle disciplines. The Commonwealth Shooting Federation (CSF) also holds a CSF Championship in the run-up to the Games, serving as a test-event for the Games venues and final selection opportunity for Games squads.
The Imperial Meeting, organised by the British NRA at the National Shooting Centre, Bisley is regarded as one of the leading Target Rifle events globally, and has been hugely influential in the development of the sport. National teams routinely travel to the Meeting, particularly from Commonwealth nations. The Kolapore Match is contested annually by the international teams in attendance. The Dominion of Canada Rifle Association constructed the Macdonald-Stewart Pavilion (a.k.a. "Canada House") on Bisley Camp in 1897 specifically to accommodate the Canadian team. Bisley's influence is further illustrated by the South African terminology, where Target Rifle is called "Bisley Shooting", the governing body is the South African Bisley Union (SABU) with almost any target shooting competition known as a "Bisley".
In Canada, target rifle competitions at the national level are regulated by the Dominion of Canada Rifle Association.
The annual US National Championship is currently held during August at Camp Perry in Port Clinton, Ohio.
Variations
Match rifle
Match Rifle is a long-range target shooting discipline shot at 1,000 to 1,200 yards (approximately 914 to 1,097 meters), peculiar to the UK and several Commonwealth of Nations countries, and run according to rules set out by the British National Rifle Association. The Elcho Shield is an example of an annual Match Rifle competition.
Match Rifle can be thought of as an extreme, experimental version of Target Rifle (TR).
The key technical differences to Target Rifle are:
Telescopic sights are permitted.
Hand-loaded ammunition is permitted. For .308 / 7.62 , Match Rifle would typically use bullets weighing between 190 and 230 grains, as opposed to the 155 grain bullets normally used in TR
A rest may be used to steady the hand supporting the rifle (a sling as used in TR is also an option), but the rifle may not be directly supported by a rest or bipod.
Whilst most people shoot Match Rifle prone, the supine (“back position”) is permissible and used by a sizeable minority
A small number (who would be unable for medical reasons to shoot prone or supine) shoot seated at tables.
Most shoots involve 15 or 20 shots to count (usually with two convertible sighting shots permitted) at each of 1000, 1100 and 1200 yards. With few ranges extending back to Match Rifle distances, most shooting in the UK takes place on Stickledown Range at Bisley. Any NRA-compliant Target Rifle will also be compliant with Match Rifle rules provided the barrel does not exceed 2.5kg.
F-Class rifle
F-Class is a recent variant of Fullbore Target Rifle which permits optical telescopic sights and shooting rests such as a pedestal rest or a bipod at the front of the rifle and a tightly packed sandbag at the rear of the rifle. Competitions are fired at distances from 300 to 1000 yards. The center of the target has an extra scoring ring which is half the size of the smallest one used in traditional Target Rifle shooting and each ring scores one point less than it does for Target Rifle. Competitors can choose to compete in one of the two classes F(Open) or F/TR:
F-Open (Open Class): All rifle calibres up to may be used, along with a scope, and one can choose between using front rest and rear bag, or a bipod/ backpack, also with a rear bag. The weight limit including optics is .
F/TR ("F-Target Rifle"), : A restricted class permitting a scope, bipod/ backpack and rear bag (no front rest), but the rifle has to be of either calibre .223 Remington or .308 Winchester and the bullet may be of any weight. In addition, the weight limit (including optics) for the rifle is . The designation '-Target Rifle' reflects the original intention that it would appeal to elderly or less physically able TR shooters who wished to remain in the sport while using their original equipment.
See also
International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations
High power rifle and Civilian Marksmanship Program, U.S. variants
References
External links
National Rifle Association (UK)
Target Shooter Magazine
Shooting sports events
Rifles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullbore%20target%20rifle |
Sulaimania may refer to:
Sulaimania (plant), a plant genus in the mint family (Lamiaceae)
Sulaimania (spider), a spider genus in the family Tetrablemmidae
Sulaimania governorate, a governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan
Sulaymaniyah, a town in Iraq, capital of the Sulaimania governorate
Sulaimania University, a public university located in the city of Sulaymaniyah | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulaimania |
Edoardo Isella D'Gómez Ventoza (born 9 October 1980), known as Edoardo Isella, is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a defender. He is known as one of the first Afro-Mexicans to debut for CD Guadalajara.
Early life
Isella was born in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas to a Afro-Honduran father and a Mexican mother.
International career
Isella was eligible to play for Mexico or Honduras at international level. He opted to represent the former after joining the youth academy of Mexican nationalist club Guadalajara. He managed to get an early call-up to the Mexico national football team by coach Enrique Meza after having a standout 2000–01 season with the Guadalajara first team.
See also
Afro-Mexicans
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
People from Tuxtla Gutiérrez
Footballers from Chiapas
Mexican men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Men's association football fullbacks
C.D. Guadalajara footballers
Tigres UANL footballers
Cruz Azul footballers
Chiapas F.C. footballers
Club América footballers
Premier League of Belize players
Ascenso MX players
Liga MX players
Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala players
Mexico men's international footballers
Mexican expatriate men's footballers
Mexican expatriates in Belize
Expatriate men's footballers in Belize
Mexican expatriate sportspeople in Guatemala
Expatriate men's footballers in Guatemala
Mexican people of Honduran descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoardo%20Isella |
Surrey Ambulance Service was the ambulance service for the County of Surrey in England until 1 July 2006, when it was succeeded by a South East Coast Ambulance Service also covering Sussex and Kent.
See also
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom
External links
Official website
Defunct NHS trusts
Health in Surrey
History of Surrey
Defunct ambulance services in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrey%20Ambulance%20Service |
The Surrey Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service for the County of Surrey, England, with 25 fire stations. It comes under the administrative and legislative control of Surrey County Council, acting as the Fire Authority who fund the service by collecting a precept via council tax, and from central government funds, known as a grant settlement, and provide the political leadership for the service.
Surrey Fire and Rescue Service delivers prevention and protection to citizens against fires and many other life-threatening incidents as well as responding to all types of emergencies. It was established under the Fire and Rescue act, the Fire Safety Order and the Civil Contingencies act. It is part of Surrey County Council's Community Protection Group which includes other citizen focused services including trading standards, coronary service, emergency planning, military partnership, community resilience and corporate health and safety. The chief fire officer heads up the services that make up the Surrey Community Protection Group and is also the chairman of Surrey Local Resilience Forum.
Organisation
Surrey Fire and Rescue Service employs approximately 800 staff and looks after a population of over 1million people spread across an area of . The region features several large urban areas such as Guildford, Redhill and Woking; of motorway, and is in close proximity to the two largest airports in the United Kingdom: London Heathrow and London Gatwick.
A total of 25 fire stations are strategically located throughout the county. Twelve of which are crewed on a fully whole-time basis, with fire engine crews on duty at the fire station 24 hours a day; one fire station is crewed by whole-time and retained firefighters, and two fire stations operate on a day-crewed/retained basis - during the day fire appliances are crewed by whole-time firefighters operating from the station with retained on-call backup as and when required, whereas during the evening and at night the fire station operates on an entirely on-call retained basis with firefighters responding from home. Three stations are crewed solely on a day crewing basis from 7:00-19:00, however neighbouring stations cover the area at night. Seven fire stations are crewed solely on a retained on-call basis. All retained on-call firefighters must live within a five-minute drive of the fire station.
Historically, fire cover was set to national standards that were defined back in the 1930s but today are based on local risk.
Performance
Every fire and rescue service in England and Wales is periodically subjected to a statutory inspection by His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS). The inspections investigate how well the service performs in each of three areas. On a scale of outstanding, good, requires improvement and inadequate, Surrey Fire and Rescue Service was rated as follows:
See also
Fire services in the United Kingdom
List of British firefighters killed in the line of duty
Surrey Police
South East Coast Ambulance Service
SURSAR
References
External links
Surrey Fire and Rescue Service at HMICFRS
Fire and rescue services of England
Organisations based in Surrey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrey%20Fire%20and%20Rescue%20Service |
Milngavie railway station serves the town of Milngavie, East Dunbartonshire, near Glasgow in Scotland. The station is sited from Glasgow Queen Street, measured via Maryhill. The station is managed by ScotRail, who also operate all services at the station, along the North Clyde and Argyle lines.
Its principal purpose today is as a commuter station for people working in Glasgow city centre. The station itself is a category B listed building.
History
The station was opened in April 1863, and was then part of the Glasgow and Milngavie Junction Railway. Originally built with three platforms, one platform has since been removed. The land where the third platform once stood has been sold. The line was doubled in 1900, but was singled again in 1990.
During December 2020, the 141 metre long platforms were extended to 205 metres by reinstating 39 metres of unused platform and adding a further 25 metres of new platform. The project cost £5 million.
Location
The station is the usual access point for the long West Highland Way, a long-distance trail which officially starts in Milngavie town centre marked by a granite obelisk. The first few hundred yards of the way follow the line of short spur along railway originally built to serve the Ellangowan Paper Mills.
Facilities
Milngavie station has a ticket office and ticket machines, an accessible toilet, help points, a small cafe, a payphone, bike racks and benches. There is no taxi rank, but there is a car park. A pedestrian underpass links the station to the town centre, which is also pedestrianised, and the southern end of the West Highland Way long-distance footpath to Fort William. All of the station has step-free access.
Passenger volume
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.
Services
On weekdays and Saturdays, trains run every 30 minutes to Springburn, via Glasgow Queen Street (low level). In the evenings and on Sundays, trains run to Motherwell, via Hamilton Central, at the same twice-hourly frequency.
References
External links
Video footage of Milngavie railway station
Category B listed buildings in East Dunbartonshire
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Railway stations in East Dunbartonshire
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Milngavie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milngavie%20railway%20station |
Eric Orlando Young Sr. (born May 18, 1967) is an American former professional baseball second baseman and left fielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Colorado Rockies, Chicago Cubs, Milwaukee Brewers, San Francisco Giants, Texas Rangers, and San Diego Padres. He has served as the first base coach for the Braves since 2018. He played college baseball and college football for Rutgers University.
Raised in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Young attended New Brunswick High School, where he played basketball and football, in addition to baseball.
Baseball career
1990s
Young began his MLB career with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1992, but soon became one of the original Colorado Rockies in 1993. He hit a home run in the Rockies' first-ever home at bat on April 9, 1993, as part of an 11-4 home win over the Montreal Expos. He helped Colorado to its first postseason series appearance in 1995, which they lost to the Atlanta Braves, three games to one. His best seasons came with the Rockies, where he was an All-Star and a Silver Slugger Award winner in 1996 at second base. In 1996, he hit .324, with 8 home runs, 74 RBI and 53 stolen bases.
During the 1990s, Young was one of the top base stealers in the major leagues. He is the Rockies career leader in stolen bases and is in the top 10 in many other offensive categories. On June 30, 1996, he managed to steal second base, third base, and home plate in one inning in a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers. In 1997, fan favorite Young was traded back to Los Angeles for pitcher Pedro Astacio. While in Los Angeles during 1998–1999, Young continued his consistency by stealing bases and hitting for solid averages.
2000s
Young was traded by the Dodgers to the Chicago Cubs in 1999. In 2000, while a member of the Cubs, he hit .297, with 6 home runs, 98 runs and 54 steals. In 2001, he enjoyed a similar season. In January 2002, Young signed as a free agent with the Milwaukee Brewers. In 2003, he hit 15 home runs, a career-high that almost doubled his previous best of 8 home runs. Young went on to play with the Texas Rangers and the San Diego Padres, where he was mainly used as a pinch runner. On August 1, 2006, Young was released by the Padres. He was subsequently reacquired by the Rangers and joined the team later that month. In late October, he declared free agency, but did not end up playing in the Majors again. Young officially retired as a member of the Colorado Rockies on September 12, 2008. He was honored during a pregame ceremony that same day at Coors Field before the Rockies took on the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Post-playing career
Young's son, Eric Young Jr., has also played professional baseball. Eric Jr. graduated from Piscataway Township High School in 2003 and on August 25, 2009, made his major league debut with the Colorado Rockies when Dexter Fowler was put on the disabled list. Young Jr. currently serves as first base coach for the Washington Nationals, following his father’s footsteps, who coaches first base for the Atlanta Braves.
Young was also an analyst on the sports program Baseball Tonight. He is often mentioned in the term "Souvenir City Chamber of Commerce, Eric Young President" which is the term used by host Steve Berthiaume when showing a home run. He also calls out "Souvenir City!" when showing footage of a home run.
Young served as a running instructor for the Houston Astros and helped with their outfield and base running. He was named the Arizona Diamondbacks first base coach on October 17, 2010. On October 17, 2012, Young was fired from the position. He joined the Rockies as the first base coach for the 2014 season. He was fired after the 2016 season. He was hired to be the first base coach of the Atlanta Braves for the 2018 season. Young opted out of traveling with the Braves during the 2020 season, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Personal life
As a high school student, Young welcomed his oldest son and namesake, Eric Young Jr., with high-school sweetheart Paula Robinson. Eric Jr. followed him into professional baseball. On December 10, 2005, he married Beyonka Jackson and they welcomed their son Dallas Dupree Young, who is an actor.
See also
List of Colorado Rockies team records
List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
African-American baseball coaches
African-American baseball players
Arizona Diamondbacks coaches
Albuquerque Dukes players
Atlanta Braves coaches
Baseball coaches from New Jersey
Baseball players from New Jersey
Chicago Cubs players
Colorado Rockies (baseball) coaches
Colorado Rockies players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
ESPN people
Gulf Coast Dodgers players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball second basemen
Milwaukee Brewers players
National League stolen base champions
New Brunswick High School alumni
New Haven Ravens players
Oklahoma RedHawks players
Portland Beavers players
Rutgers Scarlet Knights baseball players
Rutgers Scarlet Knights football players
Salem Avalanche players
San Antonio Missions players
San Bernardino Stampede players
San Diego Padres players
San Francisco Giants players
Silver Slugger Award winners
Sportspeople from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Texas Rangers players
Vero Beach Dodgers players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
American expatriate baseball people in Venezuela | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Young%20Sr. |
The was originally a French gazette and literary magazine first published in the 17th century, but after several incarnations has evolved as a publisher, and is now part of the Éditions Gallimard publishing group.
The gazette was published from 1672 to 1724 (with an interruption in 1674–1677) under the title (sometimes spelled ; 1672–1674) and (1677–1724). The title was changed to in 1724. The gazette was briefly suppressed (under Napoleon) from 1811 to 1815 and ceased publication in 1825. The name was revived in 1890 for both a literary review and (in 1894) a publishing house initially linked with the symbolist movement. Since 1995 has been part of the Éditions Gallimard publishing group.
The original Mercure galant and Mercure de France
The Mercure galant was founded by the writer Jean Donneau de Visé in 1672. He directed the publication until his death in 1710. The name refers to the god Mercury, the messenger of the gods; the title also echos the Mercure françoys which was France's first literary gazette, founded in 1611 by the Paris bookseller J. Richer. The magazine's goal was to inform elegant society about life in the court and intellectual/artistic debates; the gazette (which appeared irregularly) featured poems, anecdotes, news (marriages, gossip), theatre and art reviews, songs, and fashion reviews, and it became fashionable (and sometimes scandalous) to be mentioned in its pages. Publication stopped in 1674, but began again as a monthly with the name Nouveau Mercure galant in 1677.
The Mercure galant was a significant development in the history of journalism (it was the first gazette to report on the fashion world and played a pivotal role in the dissemination of news about fashion, luxury goods, etiquette and court life under Louis XIV to the provinces and abroad. The newspaper published propaganda intended to bolster Louis XIV and promote his domestic and foreign policies. In the 1670s, articles on the new season's fashions were also accompanied with engravings. The August 1697 edition contains a detailed description of a popular new puzzle, now known as peg solitaire. This article is the earliest known reference to peg solitaire.
The gazette was frequently denigrated by authors of the period. The name Mercure galant was used by the playwright Edmé Boursault for one of his plays critical of social pretensions; when Donneau de Visé complained, Boursault retitled his play Comédie sans titre (Play without a title).
The gazette played an important role in the "Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns", a debate on whether the arts and literature of the 17th century had achieved more than the illustrious writers and artists of antiquity, which would last until the beginning of the eighteenth century. Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle and the Mercure galant joined the "Moderns". Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux was pushed into the role of champion of the "Anciens", and Jean Racine, Jean de La Fontaine and Jean de La Bruyère (who is famous for a jibe against the gazette: "le Mercure... est immédiatement au dessous de rien" ["the Mercure... is immediately below nothing"]) took his defense.
The periodical eventually became a financial success and it brought Donneau de Visé comfortable revenues. The became the uncontested arbiter of French arts and humanities, and it has been called the most important literary journal in prerevolutionary France.
Thomas Corneille was a frequent contributor to the gazette. The Mercure continued to be published after Donneau de Visé's death in 1710. In 1724 its title was changed to and it developed a semi-official character with a governmentally appointed editor (profits were invested into pensions for writers). Jean-François de la Harpe was the editor in chief for 20 years; he also collaborated with Jacques Mallet du Pan. Other significant editors and contributors include: Marmontel, Raynal, Chamfort and Voltaire.
It is on the pages of the May 1734 issue of the that the term "Baroque" makes its first attested appearance – used (in pejorative way) in an anonymous, satirical review of Jean-Philippe Rameau’s Hippolyte et Aricie.
Right before the revolution, management was handed over to Charles-Joseph Panckoucke. During the revolutionary era, the title was changed briefly to Le Mercure français. Napoleon stopped its publication in 1811, but the review was resurrected in 1815. The review was last published in 1825.
The modern Mercure de France
History
At the end of the 19th century, the name Mercure de France was revived by Alfred Vallette. Vallette was closely linked to a group of writers associated with Symbolism who regularly met at the café la Mère Clarisse in Paris (rue Jacob), and which included: Jean Moréas, Ernest Raynaud, Paul Arène, Remy de Gourmont, Alfred Jarry, Albert Samain and Charles Cros. The first edition of the review appeared on January 1, 1890.
Over the next decade, the review achieved critical success, and poets such as Stéphane Mallarmé and José-Maria de Heredia published original works in it. The review became bimonthly in 1905.
In 1889, Alfred Vallette married the novelist Rachilde whose novel Monsieur Vénus was condemned on moral grounds. Rachilde was a member of the editorial committee of the review until 1924 and her personality and works did much to publicize the review. Rachilde held a salon on Tuesdays, and these "mardis du Mercure" would become famous for the authors who attended.
Like other reviews of the period, the Mercure also began to publish books (beginning in 1894). Along with works by symbolists, the Mercure brought out the first French translations of Friedrich Nietzsche, the first works of André Gide, Paul Claudel, Colette and Guillaume Apollinaire and the poems of Tristan Klingsor. Later publications include works by: Henri Michaux, Pierre Reverdy, Pierre-Jean Jouve, Louis-René des Forêts, Pierre Klossowski, André du Bouchet, Georges Séféris, Eugène Ionesco and Yves Bonnefoy.
With the death of Vallette in 1935, the management was taken over by Georges Duhamel (who had been editing the review since 1912). In 1938, because of Duhamel's anti-war stance, he was replaced by Jacques Antoine Bernard (in 1945, Bernard would be arrested and condemned for collaboration with the Germans). After the war, Duhamel (who was majority stockholder of the publishing house) appointed Paul Hartmann, who had participated in the resistance and clandestine publishing during the war, to run the review.
In 1958, the Éditions Gallimard publishing group bought the Mercure de France and Simone Gallimard was chosen as its director. In 1995, Isabelle Gallimard took over direction of the publishing house.
Literary Prizes
Mercure de France has won awards with the following authors:
Salvat Etchart (Prix Renaudot 1967)
Claude Faraggi (Prix Fémina 1975)
Michel Butel (Prix Médicis 1977)
Jocelyne François (Prix Fémina 1980)
François-Olivier Rousseau (Prix Médicis and Prix Marcel Proust 1981)
Nicolas Bréhal (Prix Valery Larbaud 1992)
Paula Jacques (Prix Fémina 1991)
Dominique Bona (Prix Interallié 1992)
Andreï Makine (Prix Goncourt and Prix Médicis 1995)
Gilles Leroy (Prix Goncourt 2007)
Romain Gary published his novels under the penname Émile Ajar (with the complicity of Simone Gallimard) which allowed him to win an unprecedented two Prix Goncourt.
Book series
Les romantiques allemands (1942)
Collection ivoire (1964)
Domaine anglais (1964)
Collection bleue (1989)
Collection poésie (1990)
Bibliothèque américaine (1993)
Le Petit Mercure (1995) : series in pocket format of short texts which welcomes different literary genres
Bibliothèque étrangère (1999)
Le Temps retrouvé poche (1999) & Le Temps retrouvé (2003) : newspapers, memoirs, travel books, letters, eye witness accounts
Le goût de… (2002): literary anthologies devoted to towns, regions, countries and to numerous themes
Traits et portraits (2002): autobiographical stories
References
The bulk of this article is based on the French Wikipedia article, which is itself taken from the history page of the website of the Mercure de France (see external links). Additional information based on:
DeJean, Joan. The Essence of Style: How the French Invented Fashion, Fine Food, Chic Cafés, Style, Sophistication, and Glamour. New York: Free Press, 2005
Harvey, Paul and J.E. Heseltine, eds. The Oxford Compagnon to French Literature. London: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Patrick Dandrey, ed. Dictionnaire des lettres françaises: Le XVIIe siècle. Collection: La Pochothèque. Paris: Fayard, 1996.
External links
Official website
Le Mercure de France online from 1672 to 1674, from 1678 to 1682, from 1724 to 1791 and from 1890 to 1935 in Gallica, the digital library of the BnF.
17th-century French literature
1672 establishments in France
Book publishing companies of France
Defunct literary magazines published in France
French-language magazines
Magazines established in 1672
Magazines disestablished in 1825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercure%20de%20France |
The General Anaya station () is a station on the Monterrey Metro. The station was opened on 30 November 1994 as the northern terminus of the inaugural section of Line 2, between General Anaya and Zaragoza. On 31 October 2007, the line was extended north to Universidad. General Anaya is an underground station located on Avenida Alfonso Reyes in the city of Monterrey.
The General Anaya station is located nearby the FEMSA headquarters building and just a few steps from the Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma.
See also
List of Monterrey metro stations
References
Metrorrey stations
Railway stations opened in 1994
1994 establishments in Mexico
Railway stations located underground in Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Anaya%20metro%20station%20%28Monterrey%29 |
The Battle of the Treasury Islands was a Second World War battle that took place between 27 October and 12 November 1943 on the Treasury Islands group, part of the Solomon Islands. The battle formed part of the wider Pacific War and involved New Zealand and US forces fighting against Japanese troops. The majority of the ground forces were provided by the New Zealand 3rd Division.
The Allied invasion of the Japanese held island group intended to secure Mono and Stirling Islands so that a radar station could be constructed on the former and the latter be used as a staging area for an assault on Bougainville. The attack on the Treasury Islands would serve the long term Allied strategy of isolating Bougainville and Rabaul and the elimination of the Japanese garrison in the area.
Background
As part of the Allied strategy of isolating Bougainville and Rabaul and eliminating the large Japanese garrison in the area, in late 1943, as the Solomon Islands campaign progressed, the Allies decided to launch an attack on the Treasury Islands. The invasion, to be conducted primarily by the New Zealand Army, supported by American forces, was codenamed Operation Goodtime. For the operation, the New Zealand 8th Infantry Brigade Group, commanded by Brigadier Robert Row and part of the New Zealand 3rd Division, was assigned to the United States' III Amphibious Force, which assigned its Southern Force under Rear Admiral George H. Fort for the operation.
Consisting of two islands, Mono and Stirling, the Treasuries are located northwest of Guadalcanal, west-northwest of Vella Lavella, and south of the Shortland Islands. At the time of the battle, the islands offered the Allies further opportunities to bypass large groups of Japanese forces as they advanced through the Solomons towards the main Japanese base around Rabaul, the reduction of which was a key part of the overarching Allied strategy developed under the guise of Operation Cartwheel. The islands were endowed with a deep natural harbour – Blanche Harbour – which the Allies determined would be useful for supporting landing operations at Cape Torokina on Bougainville. Mono Island, with its high features, offered the prospect of serving as a radar station to provide early warning for aerial and naval surface attacks during the Cape Torokina operation. The Allies also hoped that the landing would convince the Japanese that their next move would be on the Shortlands or at Buin on the southern tip of Bougainville, instead of the Cape Torokina – Empress Augusta Bay area.
Operation
The Allies launched the invasion of the Treasury Islands at 06:06 on 27 October. Three echelons of high speed transports, totalling eight vessels, were assembled for the operation. In addition, there were eight LCIs; two LSTs and three LCTs allocated. Several minor reconnaissance operations were undertaken prior to the landing, firstly on 22–23 August and then 21–22 October. Meanwhile, the assaulting force conducted rehearsals off Florida Island in the lead up.
Commencing on 27 October, following a short naval and aerial bombardment, seven APDs arrived in the transport area west of Cummings Point on Stirling Island and began disgorging their smaller landing craft, which were assigned to land forces on either side of the harbour. Despite heavy rain which reduced visibility, the destroyers and laid down a heavy but ultimately ineffective pre-landing bombardment. Following this, two infantry battalions—the 29th and 36th—landed around Falamai on the southern coast of Mono Island, approximately away from Blanche Harbour's western entrance. Meanwhile, a detachment from the 34th Infantry Battalion landed on Stirling Island, while another detachment of 200 personnel from the 34th, supported by the APD , skirted around the western side of the island and landed to the north around Soanotalu, to provide security for a radar station that would be installed there.
A total 3,795 men landed in the assault wave with the remainder of the Allied force landing in four waves during the following 20 days, to reach 6,574 men. The operation was the first amphibious assault launched by New Zealand troops since the Gallipoli campaign in 1915. It was the second combat operation undertaken by the New Zealanders in the Pacific, following the Land Battle of Vella Lavella, which had taken place the previous month. The New Zealand infantry were supported by US combat support and service support units including a naval construction battalion (the 87th), a signals unit, a naval base unit, and a coastal artillery battalion (the 198th) to provide anti-aircraft fire support.
The Japanese were caught by surprise and were unable to scramble aircraft to attack the assault craft until after the troops had landed. Subsequently, late on 27 October, a force of 25 dive bombers attacked two US destroyers, and . In the ensuing melee, 12 Japanese aircraft were shot down by supporting AirSols fighters and naval gunfire, while Cony was hit aft twice, resulting in the death of eight of her crew and the wounding of 10 others. The destroyer was taken under tow and taken back to Tulagi for repairs.
Meanwhile the fighting continued on shore. Resistance to the initial landing was light and was quickly overcome with only a small number of casualties, which came exclusively in the first wave of the assault. Over the course of several hours, a beachhead around Falamai was secured amidst sporadic resistance from the Japanese, and then over the following days patrols were sent out to clear the island. Meanwhile, the force holding Soanotalu fought off several attacks between 29 October and 2 November, including one attack by a company-sized element that resulted in about 40 Japanese being killed. On Stirling Island, the New Zealanders had been virtually unopposed and after landing had settled down to a routine of patrolling and base development. There were a few minor Japanese raids, but largely Japanese air assets were focused on responding to the landing around Cape Torokina, which commenced on 1 November.
The British flag was raised over the ruins of Falamai, the islands' capital, and civil administration was restored on 1 November. Mopping up operations began, and over the course of 11 days several minor engagements took place as patrols sought to flush out Japanese troops that were hiding out mainly in caves on the northern coast. These engagements resulted in further casualties on both sides, with several groups of Japanese being killed in firefights with New Zealand patrols.
Aftermath
On 12 November, the islands were declared clear of Japanese forces, although Japanese holdouts were sighted in the jungles into January 1944. The operation, in conjunction a raid on Choiseul, served to divert the attention of the Japanese Seventeenth Army from the next major Allied target in the Solomon Islands campaign. The success of the operation also helped to improve the planning of subsequent landings in the Pacific. The New Zealanders' next combat operation would be the Battle of the Green Islands, in early 1944. Casualties during the operation amounted to 226 for the Allies, consisting of 40 New Zealanders killed and 145 wounded, and 12 Americans killed and 29 wounded. The Japanese lost 223 killed and eight captured.
Seabees from Company A of the 87th Naval Construction Battalion, along with a 25-man detachment from its Headquarters Company, landed on 27 October. One Seabee raised the blade on his bulldozer to use it as a shield and attacked a Japanese machine gun nest with it. The Seabees built of roads and established a PT boat base on Stirling Island. They were joined by the rest of the 87th Naval Construction Battalion on 28 November. It then commenced construction of an airstrip long and wide, along with taxiways, hardstands and an aviation gasoline farm with five storage tanks. The job was handed over to the 82nd Naval Construction Battalion in December, and it was joined by the 88th Naval Construction Battalion in January. The airstrip was subsequently extended to .
The 87th Naval Construction Battalion turned to construction of wharf facilities to accommodate large ocean-going vessels. Four pontoon barges were secured to timber crib piers, which were connected to the shore by ramps made of girders covered with wooden planks. The first ship docked on 30 January 1944. A naval base was developed with workshops and stage facilities, and a 100-bed hospital.
PT boats based in the Treasury Islands helped protect Allied forces landing at Torokina, while a radar site was established around Soanotalu, which played an important part in the success of that operation. The airbase was used by the medium bombers of the USAAF's 42d Bombardment Group and the U.S. Marine Corps' VMB-413, while the base facilities were utilised by the U.S. Navy's Acorn 12. Base development was considered complete by July 1944, and responsibility for the base was handed over to Construction Battalion Maintenance Units (CBMU) 569 and 587. Some of the base facilities were shipped to Leyte in December 1944 and January 1945, and the base closed when CBMU 569 departed in June 1945.
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
Further reading
External links
Conflicts in 1943
1943 in the Solomon Islands
Battles of World War II involving Japan
Battles of World War II involving New Zealand
Operation Cartwheel
October 1943 events
November 1943 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Treasury%20Islands |
The Pinguin was a German auxiliary cruiser (Hilfskreuzer) which served as a commerce raider in World War II. The Pinguin was known to the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 33, and designated HSK 5. The most successful commerce raider of the war, she was known to the British Royal Navy as Raider F. The name Pinguin means penguin in German.
Early history
Formerly a freighter named Kandelfels, she was built by AG Weser in 1936, and was owned and operated by the Hansa Line, Bremen. In the winter of 1939/40, she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine (KM) and converted to a war ship by DeSchiMAG, Bremen. Her main armament was taken from the obsolete battleship .
Raider voyage
Pinguin was one of the first wave of raiders sent out by the Kriegsmarine, sailing on 15 June 1940 under the command of Fregattenkapitän (later Kapitän zur See) Ernst-Felix Krüder.
Slipping through the Denmark Straits, Pinguin made for her patrol area in the Southern Ocean.
In 10½ months at sea she accounted for 28 ships, totalling 136,000 tons (GRT).
Her most successful coup was the capture, on 14 January 1941, of most of the Norwegian whaling fleet in Antarctica, totalling three factory ships and 11 whalers.
These were sent back as prizes to Europe, arriving in Bordeaux, occupied France in March 1941. One of the whalers was retained as an auxiliary raider and re-named Adjutant.
Adjutant went on to lay mines around New Zealand waters.
Fate
On 8 May 1941, Pinguin was sunk in a battle with the British heavy cruiser . She was the first auxiliary cruiser of the Kriegsmarine to be sunk in the war. 532 lives, among them 200 prisoners, were lost when Pinguin blew apart when the mines stored on board took a hit and exploded. Cornwall rescued 60 crew members and 22 prisoners who were originally crew of the 28 merchant ships the raider had either sunk or captured.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Ivanov, Lyubomir and Ivanova, Nusha. Whaling period. In: The World of Antarctica. Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 91–94.
External links
The Royal New Zealand Navy Official History describes the operations of Pinguin
External links
www.bismarck-class.dk
DreadnoughtProject.org original plan images of the vessel.
German Commerce Raider HK33 (Battle LIne series) Part 1 of 3
German Commerce Raider HK33 (Battle LIne series) Part 2 of 3
Norwegian Victims of Pinguin
Marauders of the Sea, German Armed Merchant Ships During W.W. 2
Cruise Of The Raider HK 33
Operations of the Pinguin
Cruises Of The Secret Raiders.
1936 ships
Auxiliary cruisers of the Kriegsmarine
Maritime incidents in May 1941
Ships built in Bremen (state)
World War II commerce raiders
World War II cruisers of Germany
World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean
Naval magazine explosions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20auxiliary%20cruiser%20Pinguin |
Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (also known as "Atma Jaya University" or "Atma Jaya"; or abbreviated as Unika Atma Jaya) is an institute of higher learning in Jakarta, Indonesia, which was founded by Atma Jaya Foundation on 1 June 1960. Atma Jaya has three campuses in Jakarta Metropolitan Area, in which the main campus is located in Semanggi, South Jakarta. The second campus, the center for health development, is located in Pluit, North Jakarta, next to its teaching hospital, Atma Jaya Hospital. The new campus is located in Tangerang, Banten (also called BSD Campus), and is planned to be the main campus for undergraduate students.
According to a survey by GlobeAsia Magazine in 2008 Atma Jaya was ranked third among all private universities in Indonesia. The survey of Tempo magazine from 2005 to 2007 put Atma Jaya in the top ten best universities in Indonesia. The General Directorate of Higher Education categorizes Atma Jaya in 50 Promising Indonesian Universities out of 2864 higher education institutions in Indonesia.
Since 2008 Atma Jaya has been increasing the number of undergraduate and graduate programs, and is constructing a new campus in Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang.
The university has been visited once by a reigning pope. Pope John Paul II visited on 12 October 1989. One of its main buildings was named after Pope John Paul II's original name: Karol Wojtyła.
History
In June 1952, the bishops at an all-Java Bishops Meeting first dreamed of founding a Catholic institution of higher learning. The inspiration took form on 1 June 1960 with the establishment of the Atma Jaya Foundation. This institution later founded Atma Jaya Catholic University. Among the first founders were Ir. J.P. Cho, Ir. Lo Siang Hien-Ginting, Drs. Goei Tjong Tik, I.J. Kasimo, J.B. Legiman S.H, Drs. F.X. Frans Seda, Pang Lay Kim, Tan Bian Seng, Anton M. Moeliono, St. Munadjat Danusaputro, J.E. Tan, Ben Mang Reng Say, Dr. Tjiook Tiauw Hie.
During its early years, the Ursuline Sisters helped Atma Jaya by providing classrooms at their school complexes in Lapangan Banteng Utara and at Santa Theresia, Menteng. Since 1967, Atma Jaya gradually moved to the campus at Jalan Jendral Sudirman, now known as the Semanggi Campus, and then to the Pluit Campus in North Jakarta which houses the Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Hospital and the Atma Jaya Mortuary.
The faculties of Economics and Business Administration were founded in 1960, the faculties of Education and Engineering in 1961, the Faculty of Law in 1965, the Faculty of Medicine in 1967, the Faculty of Psychology in 1992, Master’s degree program for Professional Psychologists in 2005, and the Faculty of Biotechnology in 2002.
Today, Atma Jaya Catholic University has eight faculties with 17 programs for the undergraduate/bachelor's degree. The postgraduate programs consist of three programs for master's degrees: Master of Management, Master of Applied English Linguistics in 1992, Master's degree Program for Professional Psychologists in 2005. There is one program for a Doctoral degree in Applied English Linguistics that started in 2002.
Name
Atma Jaya means the reign of the Spirit. The reign of the Spirit motivates the school to always increase education quality.
Faculties
Economics & Business
The Faculty of Economics was founded on July 11, 1960, is the oldest faculty at Unika Atma Jaya. Initially, this faculty had one department, the Management Department, with Corporate Economics as the study program; in 1974, the Accounting Department was opened; and in 1992, the Economics and Development Study (IESP) opened.
The Faculty of Economics changed its name to the Faculty of Economics & Business in 2013.
Administration Studies
The Faculty of Administration Science (FIA) was a division of the Social and Political Sciences Faculty established on July 11, 1960. This faculty opened the General and Personnel Management Department.
The Bachelor of Arts level of this department obtained the “acknowledged” status based on a Decree of the Minister of University and Science of the Republic of Indonesia in 1964. The status was elevated to “equalized” in 1966. The full graduate level of the General and Personnel Management of the Social and Political Sciences Faculty in 1965.{?}
In 1970, the name of the Social and Political Sciences Faculty became the Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty whose full graduate level obtained “equalized” status based on the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia in 1980.
The Faculty of Administration Science with the Commercial Administration Study Program is the new name used since 1985 based on the Decree dated 1985. Along with the legalization of the name, the curriculum of the faculty was developed based on the core curriculum set forth by the Department of Education and Culture. The Administration Science Faculty – FIA Study Program – Commercial Administration Study Program are accredited as “A” based on the Decree of BAN-PT of the Department of Education and Culture in 1998. The accreditation rank has been retained with the obtainment of an “A” rank certificate (very good) based on the Decree of BAN-PT of the Department of Education and Culture in 2003.
In 2009, The Faculty of Administration Science opens a new study program. Programs of Study Communication Science, according to SK DITJEN DIKTI DEPDIKNAS No.887/D/T/2009 dated on June 11, 2009, has been legally administering its students admission. A year after the programs of Study Communication Science opened, The Faculty of Administration Science opened a programs of Hospitality. According to SK DITJEN DIKTI DEPDIKNAS No.78/D/O/2010 dated on June 9, 2010, programs of Hospitality is able to start admission process of admission for the next term.
The Faculty of Administration Science changed its name to the Faculty of Business Administration and Communication. FIABIKOM has three programs of study: Commercial Administration, Communication Science, and Hospitality. According to DIKTI's new regulations on academic degrees, programs of study Commercial Administration when completed will be granted Bachelor of Commercial Administration (Sarjana Administrasi Bisnis, S.AB.), Communication Science will be granted Bachelor of Communications (Sarjana Ilmu Komunikasi, S.I.Kom.), Hospitality will be granted Bachelor of Hospitality (Sarjana Pariwisata, S.Par.).
In late 2014, though not yet published and confirmed publicly, the Faculty of Business Administration and Communication would be merged with the Faculty of Economy. Merging these faculties would give birth to The Faculty of Economics and Business. The planned Faculty of Economics and Business was intended to have finished integrating for the new study term of 2015.
Education and Teaching
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Pedagogical Sciences (FKIP) was founded in 1961 as the continuation of the B1 Bonaventura course with three departments: the Pedagogical Science Department, English Language Department, and History Department. Four years later, on August 12, 1965, the name of this faculty changed to the Faculty of Pedagogical Science Faculty with two departments: the English Language Department and General Science Department. Since 1980, this faculty has been known as the Faculty of Teacher Training and Pedagogical Sciences.
The General Science Department changed into the Pedagogical Science Department with Pedagogical and Counseling Psychology study program while the English Language Department changed into the Language and Art Education Department of the English Language study program in 1985. For academic year 1985/1986, a new study program opened, Catechetic Education, which on November 18, 1996, changed to the Theological Pedagogical Science Study Program. This study program continued from the Catechetic Academy “Karya Wacana”. At the time of establishment, FKIP had 280 registered students. In 1999, 1,350 students were registered in this program.
Engineering Faculty
History
When first founded the university had only the social faculty. The government regulated that a university must have both social and science faculties. Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia opened a Faculty of Technology with the Mechanical Engineering department.
The founders were Ir. J. P. Cho and Ir. Bian Tamin (Tan Bian Seng). Cho got his title from the Technische Hogeschool Delft in Netherlands in 1955. He was a mechanical engineer.
A year after the establishment of Unika Atma Jaya, he and Ir. Bian Tamin founded the Faculty of Technology. At the opening of the Faculty of Technology, besides being a member of the foundation, he sat as the secretary of the faculty and a lecturer. Over 1968-1969, he was posted as the dean. During his office as the dean, with very limited financial resource and facility, he continued to raise the Faculty of Technology. Cho left the faculty membership with the foundation. (Since 1977 he has been a full-time Executive Secretary to the Atma Jaya Foundation. For his contributions to the world of education and Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia in particular, on November 23, 1989, Pope John Paul II granted the Sancto Silvester medal to him.)
Ir. Bian Tamin. He moved to Bandung to attend to the Technische Hogeschool – Scheikundige Afdeling (Chemistry Department). He then left for the Netherlands and entered the Technische Hogeschool Delft Afdeling: Scheikundige Technologie. In the Netherlands, he co-founded IMKI. For his active contributions, he was promoted the president of IMKI. He was also a top member of PPI Management.
The Faculty of Technology was officially founded on July 1, 1961. In the early days, the Faculty of Technology only had the Mechanical Engineering Department. Lectures were given from one place to another.
In the beginning, there were no full-time staff. The staff were all part-timers and mostly members of the Marine Corps. They were there thanks to the close personal relationship with Ir. J. P. Cho. Among those giving lectures at the Faculty of Technology were Officer Dr. A.J. Suryadi, Dr. Parapat, Ir. Legiyono, Ir. Sugiyono Kadarisma, Ir. Ghandawinata, Ir. H.J. Kusumadiantho, Drs. Koeswono, and Dra. Saodhah.
There were 72 students. In 1989, there were 394 registered students in the Mechanical Engineering Department, mostly male.
The name of the Faculty of Technology changed in 1967 into the Faculty of Engineering (henceforth FT) based on the decree of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Since 1980, FT had been holding lectures in the campus complex in Jenderal Sudirman Street. Students participated in the construction of the semi-permanent buildings. As more and more students were admitted the need for classrooms increased. In 1985, some of the old semi-permanent buildings were demolished and replaced by a new three-story building known as Building K1.
The Engineering Faculty had a permanent lecturing facility in Jenderal Sudirman Street. There was no laboratory and students relied on Budi Utomo Technical Vocational High School, Manggarai Railway, and ITB’S shops. Later, given the importance of the laboratory to improve students’ skills, those academic facilities were built. In 1985, the Engineering Faculty had had a Physical Laboratory, Mechanical Technology, Mechanical Drawing Studio, Mechanical Testing Laboratory, and Electronics and Telecommunication Laboratory.
The Graduate and Bachelor of Arts of the Mechanical Department were given a “registered” status in 1962. An approach was made to the Engineering Faculty of Indonesia University to found a Test and Supervision Team. It was only on July 27, 1985, that the Engineering Faculty was granted an “acknowledged” status. In 1971 that the Engineering Faculty graduated its students for the first time. There were four graduates.
On June 1, 1979, the Electronics Engineering Department opened. The opening of the department was in accordance with the Five Year Development Master Plan of Atma Jaya 1976-1981 which, among others contained a plan to open a new department at the Engineering Faculty. This department supports the Mechanical Engineering Department and in the future the establishment of the Industrial Engineering Department.
To manage the Electronics Engineering Department, a team which would work over two academic years was formed. This team consisted of five members: Dipl. Ing. Nakoela Soenarta, Ir. Legijono, Ir. Bambang Wirawan, Ir. Masgunarto Budiman, and Ir. M.J. Djoko Setyardjo. The head of the Electronics Engineering Department was Dipl. Ing. Nakoela Soenarto.
The Electronics Engineering Department got a ”registered” status soon after the establishment. In 1988, the Electronics Engineering Department was granted an “acknowledged” status. Unlike the Mechanical Engineering Department, the Electronics Engineering Department born in the midst of the strong demand from society, did not encounter hurdles like the Mechanical Engineering did. The main issue was to recruit full-time lecturers. This was dealt by hiring part-time lecturers. At the same time, the attempt to hire full-time lecturers continued.
The population of students to the Electronics Engineering Department increased over years. There were 69 students in the first class. In the odd semester of 2004/2005, there were 744 registered students. In 1985, 3 of 289 students graduated; in 1987, 22 students graduated of 341; in 1988, 81 of 380; and in 1989, 35 of 433 students. This is a promising improvement.
The Industrial Engineering Department opened in academic year 1999/2000 based on the Decree of the Directorate General of University Education Number 49/DIKTI/Kep/1999 dated March 3, 1999, under ”registered” status.
Laboratories specific to the Industrial Engineering Department were built one at a time. First, the Statistics and Decision Support Laboratory has been built and the next will be the Working System Designing and Ergonomics and Production System laboratories. The Industrial Engineering Department was founded under Dean Ir. Joseph Sedyono, M.EngSc and the first head of the Department was Ir. Djoko Setyanto, MSc.
In 1999, the first academic year for this department, there were 110 students, an indication that the society confides and places great hopes on this Industrial Engineering Department.
The Mechanical Engineering Department has eight laboratories:
Laboratory for Computer Aided Design & Engineering
Laboratory for Materials Science & Engineering
Laboratory for Automation, Robotics & Mechatronics
Laboratory for Computer Numerical Control (CNC) & Industrial Metrology
Laboratory for Manufacturing Processes
Laboratory for Aerodynamics & Fluid Mechanics
Laboratory for Mechanical Experiments
Laboratory for Energy Conversion & Renewable Energy
Law
The Faculty of Law was founded on July 3, 1965, admitting 141 students. The class started early in September 1965 using the St. Theresa Junior High School building in Central Jakarta. One month later, the G-30-S incident broke out, followed by mass demonstrations by students. It was not until February 1, 1967, that the class resumed.
The class at Semanggi Campus began earlier in March 1971. For the first 10 years, there was no change to the number of the students, with only one study program. Until 1986, by average, each year, no more than 100 students were admitted. However, as of 1987, every year more and more students applied. Over 2003–2004, 325 to 350 prospective students of an average 1,000 applicants have been admitted.
Now the Faculty of Law has four concentration programs: Civil Law, Criminal Law, State Administration/International Law, and Economic and Business Law. When it first opened there were only 141 students but by the second semester of 2004/2005 there were 1,525 registered students.
A survey by Tempo magazine in October 2003 and 2004 ranked the Faculty of Law number three among the favorite places to study Law. The survey was conducted in seven major cities (Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Malang, and Medan) to 1,100 respondents: parents of senior high school students and the students themselves
Medicine
In 1964, Dr. K.S. Gani, DPH, Dr. J. Soegondho Roewidodarmo, and Dr. A.H. Tjahjadi moved to realize the idea of founding a medicine faculty in a Catholic educational institution.
On December 27, 1967, the Decree of Atma Jaya Foundation regarding the establishment of a Medical Faculty was issued. The class began in March 1968 at St. Carolus Hospital’s Complex and laboratory practice was held at the laboratory of the Medical Faculty of Universitas Indonesia. On September 12, 1969, the faculty was granted a “registered” status from the Department of Education and Culture. The year 1969 witnessed the construction of the first decently permanent building at Semanggi Campus with the help from DITH (Directoraat International Technische Hulp), an agency of the Dutch government.
Atma Jaya Hospital, the place where doctors experience their clinical education, was used for the first time in 1976. Before Atma Jaya Hospital was completed, most clinical educations were done at St. Carolus Hospital, Gatot Subroto Hospital, Community Health Center Melani, and many others.
Since 1991 all the learning process has been held at Pluit Campus, about 12 km away from the main campus of Atma Jaya, in the same location with Atma Jaya Hospital. Since its establishment until 1996, the Medical Faculty of Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic University had used the Indonesia Doctor Education Core Curriculum I (KIPDI I) and KIPDI II until 2005. As of 2006, FKUAJ uses KIPDI III, a Competence Based National Curriculum for Doctors’ Education for primary health service doctors with family doctor approaches.
Psychology
The learning and teaching process began in 1992 based on the Decree of the Director General of University, regarding the ”registered” status of the psychology study program/department for S1 program at the Psychology Faculty.
On March 1, 1995, the status was improved into "acknowledged" based on the Decree of the Director General of University Education.
On December 22, 1998, based on the Decree of the University National Accreditation Board of the Department of Education and Culture, regarding the Result and Accreditation Rank of the Study Program for the Degree Program, the Psychology Faculty was accredited B with 553.7 points.
On July 22, 2004, based on the Decree of the University National Accreditation Board of the Department of Education and Culture, regarding the Result and Accreditation Rank of the Study Program for the Degree Program, the Psychology Faculty was accredited A with 364 points
Biotechnology
To develop biotechnology in Indonesia, the Biotechnology Faculty at the university was established in 2002.
The faculty includes programmes of study in Environmental and Industrial Biology, Medical Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Bio-ethics. With the opening of this faculty, Atma Jaya became the first university in Indonesia to have a faculty of Biotechnology.
Postgraduate studies
On 16 October 1992, Atma Jaya University began offering a master's degree in Linguistics, with a focus on the English language. On 4 October 1993, this was followed by the introduction of a master's degree in Management.
Cooperation with foreign universities, institutes, and associations
Atma Jaya cooperates with foreign universities for student exchange programs, lecturer exchanges, scholarships, joint research, and other activities:
University of Illinois (USA)
Loyola University Chicago (USA)
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Malaysia)
Kanda University of International Studies (Japan)
Southern Taiwan University of Technology (Taiwan)
Chung Yuan Christian University (Taiwan)
Woosong University Solbridge International (South Korea)
Kyungsung University (South Korea)
Catholic University of Korea (South Korea)
Sogang University (South Korea)
Daegu Mirae College (South Korea)
University of Santo Tomas (the Philippines)
The University of New South Wales (Australia)
Flinders University (Australia)
University of Queensland (Australia)
Maastricht University (the Netherlands)
Radboud University (the Netherlands)
Universitat Regensburg (Germany)
Gelsenkirchen University of Applied Sciences-Bolcholt Campus (Germany)
University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt (Germany)
The Webropol University (Germany)
With institutes and associations abroad, among others:
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)|National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Thailand)
National Science and Technology Development Agency (Thailand)
BIOTECH (Thailand)
The Australian Consortium for In Country Indonesian Studies (Australia)
Coca-Cola Foundation (USA)
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Germany)
German Caritas Association (Germany)
The Katholiescher Akademischer Auslander Dienst (KAAD)
See also
Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta
List of universities in Indonesia
Christianity in Indonesia
References
External links
Catholic universities and colleges in Indonesia
Universities and colleges established in 1960
1960 establishments in Indonesia
Universities in Jakarta
Association of Christian Universities and Colleges in Asia
Private universities and colleges in Indonesia
South Jakarta
North Jakarta
Tangerang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atma%20Jaya%20Catholic%20University%20of%20Indonesia |
Divisional detective inspector (DDI), also known as first class detective inspector, was a rank in the Criminal Investigation Department of London's Metropolitan Police, equivalent to sub-divisional inspector in the uniformed branch. It was senior to the rank of detective inspector (officially called second class detective inspector) and junior to the rank of detective chief inspector.
The DDI was in charge of the CID in each police division. He was usually assisted by one or two detective inspectors, a first class detective sergeant, and a number of detective sergeants and detective constables. He was largely autonomous on his "patch", answering only to the divisional superintendent and only calling in support from Scotland Yard for very serious crimes such as murder. DDI was an important stepping stone in a detective's career, with many top detectives getting their best experience when they were DDIs.
The rank was discontinued in 1949, when it was regraded to detective chief inspector. In 1953, it was regraded again to detective superintendent grade I, and is thus equivalent to a modern detective superintendent.
Ranks in the Metropolitan Police | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisional%20detective%20inspector |
Caldazinha is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 3,848 (2020) in a total area of 312 km2.
Located 27 kilometers from the state capital, Goiânia, Caldazinha belongs to the Goiânia Microregion. Connections are made by GO-403 / passing through Senador Canedo.
Municipal boundaries are:
north: Bonfinópolis and Leopoldo de Bulhões
west: Senador Canedo
south: Bela Vista de Goiás.
Demographic and political facts
(All data are from 2007 unless otherwise mentioned)
Caldazinha's population distribution is characterized by an almost equal distribution between urban and rural inhabitants.
Population density: 10.13 inhabitants/km2
Population growth rate 2000/2007: 2,06.%
Urban population: 1,739
Rural population: 1,418
Eligible voters: 2,532
City government: mayor (Jucelino Braz de Castro), vice-mayor (Paulo Roberto de Oliveira), and 09 councilmembers
Economy
The main economic activity of Caldazinha is cattle raising (25,300 head—5,330 milking cows). Some residents have been investing in the commercialization of paca meat, which although considered expensive, has been finding its niche in the market. There is also a small factory producing leather goods for farm use.
Other agricultural products are honey, bananas, oranges, rice, sugarcane, manioc, and corn (700 hectares). Source: IBGE
financial institutions: none
retail establishments: 16
industrial units: 06
Health
Infant mortality rate in 2000: 24.80
Hospitals: 0
Public health clinics: 01 (IBGE 2007
Education
Literacy rate in 2000: 87.8
schools: 04
classrooms: 30
teachers: 45
students: 1,017
higher education: none (IBGE 2006)
Human Development Index: 0.742
State ranking: 98 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 2,090 (out of 5,507 municipalities)
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldazinha |
Iain Borden (born in Oxford in 1962) is an English architectural historian and urban commentator.
Career
Educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford (MCS), Iain Borden graduated from University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1985, and went on to complete master's degrees at UCL and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and a PhD at UCL. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and a Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy.
His historical and theoretical interests have led to publications on, among other subjects: critical theory and architectural historical methodology (InterSections: Architectural Histories and Critical Theories, (Routledge, 2000)), the history of skateboarding as an urban practice (Skateboarding and the City: a Complete History, (Bloomsbury, 2019)), boundaries and surveillance, theorists Henri Lefebvre and Georg Simmel, film and architecture, gender and architecture, body spaces and the experience of city spaces (The Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space, (MIT Press, 2001)).
Borden has also undertaken a history of automobile driving as a spatial experience of cities, landscapes and architecture, and particularly as represented on film: Drive: Journeys through Film, Cities and Landscapes, (Reaktion, 2012). Borden's own appearances on film include the 2015 interview by the character, Philomena Cunk.
For many years Borden has been involved in skateboarding history, preservation and facility provision, including providing advice to Milton Keynes council in the early 2000s, which helped lead to the creation of the 'Buszy', often considered to be the world's first skate plaza. In London, 2013, he was involved in events around the controversial Southbank Centre plans to relocate skateboarding on its site. He supported the retention of skateboarding at the original Undercroft location and elsewhere on the Southbank, appearing in the "Save Our Southbank" and Long Live Southbank videos to this end, and playing a significant part in the proposed new skateable space underneath the nearby Hungerford Bridge.
In 2014, Borden helped English Heritage list the Rom skatepark in Hornchurch (constructed 1978), the first such skatepark in Europe to gain heritage protection, and was technical consultant for the Rom Boys: 40 Years of Rad documentary directed by Matt Harris.
Borden has written several articles in national newspapers extolling the history, virtues and benefits of skateboarding to society, and has given advice on skateboard preservation, facility design and provision to numerous city authorities, architects and skatepark manufacturers in the UK and USA. He acted as an adviser for the multi-million pound F51 facility in Folkestone, UK, the world's first multi-level skatepark (opening 2022), designed by Guy Hollaway Architects with Maverick and Cambian Action Sports for the Roger De Haan Charitable Trust. In 2018, Borden helped initiate and design a new skatepark in Crystal Palace, south London, and two years later he co-authored the Skateboard England, Skateboard GB and Sport England official Design and Development Guidance for Skateboarding, a document giving advice on design, construction and build of skateparks and skateable spaces.
Iain Borden is Vice-Dean Education (since 2015) at The Bartlett, University College London (UCL), and Professor of Architecture and Urban Culture (since 2002). From 2001 to 2009 he was Director/Head of the Bartlett School of Architecture, and from 2010 to 2015 Vice-Dean Communication.
In his own research, Borden is particularly well known for his academic studies of everyday occurrences such as car driving, skateboarding, walking and movies in relation to contemporary architecture and public spaces. His books Skateboarding and the City: a Complete History (Bloomsbury, 2019) and predecessor Skateboarding, Space and the City: Architecture and the Body, (Berg, 2001) offered an analytical and historical account of skateboarding, in part using the philosophy of Henri Lefebvre to interpret this global practice as a creative, political and urban act. His book Drive: Journeys through Film, Cities and Landscapes (Reaktion, 2012), similarly explored automobile driving as experiences of cities and urban spaces, using cinematic representations to explore different speeds, landscape and social conditions. Other research explores bridges, tunnels, observation wheels, tower cranes and other large scale everyday architectures as symbols of urban and political conditions.
Bibliography
Architecture and the Sites of History: Interpretations of Buildings and Cities, (Butterworth, 1995). Iain Borden and David Dunster (eds.).
Strangely Familiar: Narratives of Architecture in the City, (Routledge, 1996). Iain Borden, Jane Rendell, Joe Kerr and Alicia Pivaro (eds.).
Gender Space Architecture: an Interdisciplinary Introduction, (Routledge, 1999). Jane Rendell, Barbara Penner and Iain Borden (eds.).
InterSections: Architectural Histories and Critical Theories, (Routledge, 2000). Iain Borden and Jane Rendell (eds.).
The Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space, (MIT Press, 2001). Iain Borden, Jane Rendell, Joe Kerr with Alicia Pivaro (eds.).
Skateboarding, Space and the City: Architecture and the Body, (Berg, 2001).
Manual: the Architecture and Office of Allford Hall Monaghan Morris, (Birkhäuser, 2003).
The City Cultures Reader, (Routledge, revised and expanded second edition, 2003). Malcolm Miles and Tim Hall with Iain Borden (eds.).
Bartlett Works, (August Projects, 2003). Laura Allen, Iain Borden, Peter Cook and Rachel Stevenson (eds.).
Transculturation: Cities, Spaces and Architectures in Latin America, (Rodopi, 2005). Felipe Hernandez, Mark Millington and Iain Borden (eds.).
Skateboarding, Space and the City: Architecture and the Body, (Shin-yo-sha, 2006). Japanese edition, translation by Miho Nakagawa, Masako Saito and Tsunehiko Yabe.
Bartlett Designs: Speculating With Architecture, (Wiley, 2009). Laura Allen, Iain Borden, Nadia O’Hare and Neil Spiller (eds).
Drive: Journeys through Film, Cities and Landscapes, (Reaktion, 2012).
Forty Ways To Think About Architecture: Architectural History and Theory Today, (Wiley, 2014). Iain Borden, Murray Fraser and Barbara Penner (eds).
The Dissertation: a Guide for Architecture Students, (Architectural Press, 2000 and 2005; Routledge, new edition 2014). Iain Borden and Katerina Rüedi.
Skateboarding and the City: a Complete History, (Bloomsbury, 2019).
“Design and Development Guidance for Skateboarding”, (Skateboard England, 2020).
References
External links
Borden's profile at the UCL Bartlett School of Architecture
1962 births
Living people
People from Oxford
People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of Newcastle University
University of California alumni
Academics of University College London
English architectural historians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iain%20Borden |
We Will Be Dead Tomorrow is the second album by UK sludgecore band Raging Speedhorn.
Track listing
"The Hate Song"
"Scrapin' The Resin"
"Me and You Man"
"Scaramanga"
"Chronic Youth"
"Iron Cobra"
"Heartbreaker"
"Fuck the Voodooman"
"Spitting Blood"
"Welcome to Shitsville"
"Ride With the Devil"
Bonus track (Japanese edition)
"My War" (Black Flag cover)
References
2002 albums
Raging Speedhorn albums
ZTT Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Will%20Be%20Dead%20Tomorrow |
The National Association for the Protection of Labour was one of the first attempts at creating a national trade union centre in the United Kingdom. The organization was established in July, 1830 by John Doherty, after an apparently unsuccessful attempt to create a similar national presence with the National Union of Cotton-spinners.
Doherty was the first secretary, and the Association quickly enrolled approximately 150 unions. These consisted mostly of textile related unions, but also included mechanics, blacksmiths, and various others. Within the first nine months, Webb estimates that membership was between 10,000 and 20,000 individuals spread across the five counties of Lancashire, Cheshire, Derby, Nottingham, and Leicester.
As a part of establishing awareness and legitimacy, union officials started an unsuccessful weekly paper, the United Trades Co-operative Journal. This was soon followed in 1831 by a larger publication, the Voice of the People, having the declared intention "to unite the productive classes of the community in one common bond of union."
With notable exceptions, the association continued to grow and expand, reaching 100,000 members and a circulation of 30,000 for the Voice of the People. However, by mid 1832, the National Association for the Protection of Labour appears to have rapidly faded. Disagreements between Doherty and the executive committee; the disappearance of the weekly paper; and fractured relations with its constituent unions, particularly from Manchester, ultimately inflicted "a fatality" upon the association.
The place of the association was soon filled by numerous other general trade societies - most directly by the Operative Builders' Union.
References
Further reading
Address of the National Association for the Protection of Labour to the Workmen of the United Kingdom (4 pp. 1830), in Home Office Papers, 40-27.
Trade unions established in the 1830s
National trade union centres of the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1830
1832 disestablishments
1830 establishments in the United Kingdom
Trade unions disestablished in the 1830s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20for%20the%20Protection%20of%20Labour |
Poros is a Greek island-pair in the southern part of the Saronic Gulf.
Poros may also refer to:
Poros stone is named after the islands
Poros (Attica), a deme of ancient Attica
Any of several villages in Greece:
Poros, Aetolia-Acarnania, a village of the Nafpaktia municipality
Poros, Kefalonia, a village of the Cephalonia municipality
Poros, Elis, a village of the Andritsaina-Krestena municipality
Poros, Evros, a village of the Alexandroupoli municipality
Poros, Grevena, a village of the Grevena municipality
Poros, Imathia, a village of the Veria municipality
Poros, Lefkada, a village of the Lefkada municipality
See also
Porus (disambiguation)
City of Poros (ship), a Greek ferry involved in a terrorist attack in 1988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poros%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Los Enchiladas! is a 1999 film written, directed by and starring stand-up comedian Mitch Hedberg. The film was shot and set in Minnesota.
Content
The film is loosely based on Hedberg's life growing up in Minnesota and his experience working in restaurants. It parodies a chain Mexican restaurant in a suburb of St. Paul, Minnesota, on the day before Cinco de Mayo, the busiest day of the year for Mexican restaurants. The storyline follows an ensemble cast of absurd characters that work in and visit the restaurant throughout the course of one day.
Cast and locations
The cast is composed of many of Hedberg's comedian friends and rounded out by local Minnesota actors.
Three different local restaurants were used to portray the film's restaurant: Boca Chica for the dining room scenes, Gabe's By The Park for the kitchen scenes, and Chi-Chi's at Maplewood Mall for the outside of the restaurant, the last of which Hedberg actually worked at many years before and was the main inspiration for the ridiculously inauthentic Los Enchiladas.
Availability
Los Enchiladas! premiered at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival, and has only been shown publicly a handful of times since, at comedy festivals and tributes to the deceased director, such as the one at the Paramount Theatre in Anderson, Indiana on August 12, 2010. It has never been publicly released for purchase or download.
In April 2011, an unofficial workprint copy was released on various torrent and peer-to-peer sites. This release was opposed by Hedberg's widow, Lynn Shawcroft, who is working towards a wider release of the film.
References
External links
1999 comedy films
1999 films
American comedy films
Films set in Minnesota
Films shot in Minnesota
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Enchiladas%21 |
Ilpendam is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and lies about 4 km south of Purmerend. It covers an area of 2.46 km2 (0.95 sq mi) and had 1,780 inhabitants in 2008. Ilpendam was part of the Free and high Lordship of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1408 as Ypeldamme, and means "dam in the Ilp river". Ilpendam developed in the 12th century at the mouth of the Ilp as a linear settlement.
The Dutch Reformed church is a single aisled church built in 1656 to replace the medieval church burnt down in 1640. The tower was built in 1855.
The man standing highlighted at centre on Rembrandts Night Watch painting is Frans Banning Cocq. He was Mayor of Amsterdam, Lord of Purmerland and Ilpendam and Lord of Ilpenstein castle.
Ilpendam was a separate municipality until 1991.
Until 1872 there was a castle, called Ilpenstein, of the Lordship of Purmerland and Ilpendam.
Notable persons of Ilpendam
Gerrit de Graeff (IV) van Zuid-Polsbroek (1797-1870), vrijheer van Zuid-Polsbroek, Purmerland and Ilpendam, patrician of Amsterdam
Mona Keijzer (born 1968), politician
Gallery
See also
Free and high Lordship of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam
References
External links
Populated places in North Holland
Former municipalities of North Holland
Lords of Purmerland and Ilpendam
Waterland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilpendam |
January 7: Energy companies and countries around the world report that they have passed into the year 2000 without significant problems from the "Y2K Bug". There was concern that the inability of some computers and embedded control systems to recognize the year 2000 could create serious problems. (DJ, WP)
January 26: The United Nations Security Council reaches agreement on the appointment of Hans Blix of Sweden, the former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), to lead the new United Nations weapons inspection organization for Iraq. Iraq has indicated that it does not intend to accept the new Security Council resolution. (DJ)
February 2: The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) acts to block the proposed merger between BP Amoco and Atlantic Richfield, saying the merger would unduly restrict competition along the West coast of the United States. (WSJ, WP)
February 9: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issues a group of policy changes which extend the deregulation of the interstate natural gas pipeline system begun under Order 636 in 1992. Among the changes is a lifting, for a trial period of 30 months, of the price ceiling on secondary market exchanges of short-term gas pipeline capacity. FERC's lifting of the ceiling is meant in part to encourage gas shippers to use longer-term contracts which would promote market stability. (DJ)
March 6: The United States Supreme Court overturns the State of Washington's law establishing state regulation of oil tankers, ruling unanimously that federal laws take precedence. The attempt to impose tougher regulatory standards came in the wake of the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster in Alaska. (WP, NYT)
March 7: New York Mercantile Exchange front-month West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures contract closes at $34.13 per barrel, the highest level in nine years. (WSJ)
March 15: Phillips Petroleum announces that it has agreed to purchase Atlantic Richfield's assets in Alaska for $6.5 billion. The sale is being made in an effort to secure approval from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for the merger of Atlantic Richfield with BP Amoco. Earlier the same day, the FTC announced that it had suspended its antitrust lawsuit seeking to block the merger, citing progress in talks with the companies involved. (DJ, NYT, WSJ)
March 20: EPA Administrator Carol Browner announces that the Clinton Administration intends to push for a phase out of the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive. The administration wants the United States Congress to pass legislation which would end the requirement for the use of MTBE in gasoline sold in some smog-prone urban areas, and instead require nationwide use of ethanol. (DJ)
March 26: Vladimir Putin is elected president of Russia on the first ballot, winning 53 percent of the popular vote. Putin took office as acting president in December 1999 after the resignation of Boris Yeltsin. (DJ)
March 28: After two days of meetings, OPEC oil ministers agree on an increase in oil production of by its members, excluding Iran and Iraq. Iraq has not been subject to OPEC production agreements while under U.N. Security Council sanctions. Iran, though not formally signing on to the agreement, stated its intention to raise its production in order to avoid loss of its market share. This would represent about a increase in OPEC production targets, if Iran was included. Several major non-OPEC producers, including Mexico and Norway, also have indicated an intention to raise production. (DJ)
April 12: Several Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of major United States oil companies meet with senior Saudi Arabian officials to discuss possible investments in natural gas and petrochemical projects. The firms represented at the meetings include Chevron, Conoco, ExxonMobil, Marathon Oil, Phillips Petroleum, and Texaco. The Saudi government announces, in conjunction with the meetings, a package of legal changes that will make Saudi Arabia more open to foreign investors. Complete foreign ownership will be allowed for some types of projects, and the maximum corporate tax rate for foreign enterprises will be reduced to 15 percent. (WP)
April 14: BP Amoco receives approval from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for its $28 billion takeover of Atlantic Richfield Corporation (ARCO). As part of the approval, ARCO has agreed to sell its crude oil production operations in Alaska to Phillips Petroleum in a deal valued at $6.5 billion. (WP, WSJ) *May 16: Several sources, including the Washington Post, report a major oil find at the Kashagan field offshore from Kazakhstan, with reserves reportedly greater than . If these early reserve estimates prove correct, the additional production volumes could boost chances for construction of the proposed Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. (WP, DJ)
May 17: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formally proposes a rule which, if finalized, would reduce allowable sulfur levels in diesel fuel by 97 percent over the next five years. The move is opposed by major refiners. (DJ)
May 17: The Energy Information Administration releases a study of oil reserves in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), which currently is off-limits to oil exploration. The study estimates that there are between 5.7 and of recoverable oil in the ANWR. (WSJ) *June 6: The World Bank executive board votes to approve a loan of $193 million to support a project to build a crude oil pipeline from Chad to the coast of Cameroon. The countries will collect an estimated $2 billion in revenues from the project over a period of 25 years. (DJ)
June 8: The Brazilian government conducts an auction of oil exploration and production concessions covering a total of 21 blocks, both onshore and offshore. The auction represents an important step in the opening of Brazil's oil industry to international competition and investment. (NYT)
June 9: The United States and Mexico sign a treaty resolving the issue of economic rights over the deepwater "doughnut hole" area in the Gulf of Mexico between the two countries. The agreement is based on measuring distances from each country's coast, and gives the United States rights to 38 percent of the area. (DJ)
June 15: The German government announces an agreement with utilities for the complete phaseout of nuclear power. Nuclear power plants will be closed after a lifespan of 32 years. Nuclear power supplies about one-third of Germany's electricity, and the phaseout plan may complicate Germany's plans to reduce fossil fuel consumption to curb greenhouse gas emissions. (DJ)
June 19: The Energy Information Administration reports a one-week rise of five cents in the average price of regular gasoline, to $1.681. This is the seventh straight week of increasing prices. Gasoline prices in the Midwest are the nation's highest, at $1.874. (DJ)
June 21: OPEC oil ministers, meeting in Vienna, agree to raise crude oil production quotas by a total of . OPEC's total production quota (excluding Iraq) will rise to as of July 1, 2000. The next day, crude oil futures rise, with the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) August West Texas Intermediate contract closing June 22 at $32.19. (DJ)
July 12: The Kuwaiti parliament ratifies a treaty with Saudi Arabia resolving competing claims to offshore mineral rights. The two countries will share revenues from the Khafji, Dorra, and Hout oil and gas fields. The treaty will allow the two governments to begin negotiations with Iran to settle conflicting claims, which have again surfaced as Iran has begun drilling in the Dorra offshore gas field. (DJ)
July 27: Italy's ENI signs a deal with Iran worth $3.8 billion for the development of the country's South Pars gas field in the Persian Gulf. The project will take five years to become operational, and will eventually produce of gas per day. (DJ)
July 30: Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez wins reelection with 60% of the popular vote. His Patriotic Pole party also wins a controlling majority in the country's new unicameral legislature. (DJ)
August 10: Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez meets with Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in Baghdad as part of a tour of OPEC member states. Chavez is the first head of state to visit Saddam Hussein since the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. (NYT, WP)
August 23: The Energy Information Administration reports that crude oil stock levels in the United States have fallen to their lowest level since 1976. Crude oil for October delivery closes at $32.02 on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), up 80 cents. (DJ)
August 30: The Department of Energy awards contracts to create a two-million-barrel reserve of heating oil. The oil will be stored in privately owned facilities in Woodbridge, New Jersey, and New Haven, Connecticut. (DJ)
September 8: Truck drivers in Britain begin a blockade of oil refineries to protest high fuel prices. The blockade follows a similar protest in France. (DJ)
September 10: At a meeting in Vienna, OPEC agrees to raise production quotas by (to , not counting Iraq) in an attempt to push crude oil prices back under $28 per barrel. The quota increases become effective October 1. (DJ)
September 20: Oil prices close at $37.20 on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), after trading as high as $37.80 during the day's trading session. The price spike comes amid an increase in tensions between Iraq and Kuwait. This level sets a new ten-year high for NYMEX crude oil. (DJ)
September 22: U.S. President Bill Clinton authorizes the release of of oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) over 30 days to bolster oil supplies, particularly heating oil in the Northeast. The release will take the form of a "swap," in which crude oil volumes drawn from the SPR will be replaced by the recipients at a later date. Crude oil for November delivery falls four percent, to $32.68, on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). (DJ)
September 26: A summit of OPEC heads of government opens in Caracas, Venezuela. The summit is only the second OPEC meeting held at that level. The summit ends on a conciliatory note, with the communique calling for increased dialogue between OPEC and consuming nations. (DJ)
September 28: The United Nations Compensation Commission, which handles claims for reparations arising from Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait, approves by consensus a $15.9 billion claim by Kuwait for compensation for lost oil production and damage to oil reserves and equipment. The proportion of revenues from Iraqi oil sales under the "oil for food" program which are used for payment of claims is reduced from 30 percent to 25 percent. Iraq condemns the decision, but states that it will not call a halt to oil exports, as had earlier been feared. (DJ)
October 12: Oil prices rise sharply on news of a terrorist attack on an American warship, the USS Cole, in the Yemeni port of Aden, as well as escalating violence between Palestinians and Israeli security forces. November crude oil on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) rises $2.81 to close at $36.06 per barrel. Prices for Henry Hub natural gas hit a record high of $5.78 per million British thermal units (BTU) before falling back slightly to close at $5.63 per million BTU. (WSJ)
October 15: Chevron agrees to purchase Texaco for $35.1 billion in stock. The deal would create the fourth largest oil and gas company in the world, and follows a general trend toward consolidation among the major oil companies over the last two years. Analysts expect the merger, like other recent mergers, to face intensive antitrust scrutiny, especially as a combined ChevronTexaco would have a heavy share of both refining capacity and retail outlets on the west coast of the United States. (WSJ)
October 30: The president OPEC, Venezuelan oil minister Ali Rodriguez, announces that the cartel will raise production quotas by , beginning November 1. OPEC's action comes as a result of its "price band" mechanism, which triggers an increase in production quotas when the price of the OPEC Basket of crude oils closes over $28 per barrel for twenty consecutive trading days. Many analysts voice doubt as to whether the OPEC quota increase will lead to an actual increase in production of that magnitude, given the lack of spare production capacity of most OPEC members. (DJ, WP, WSJ)
October 31: The United Nations Sanctions Committee approves an Iraqi request to be paid in Euros, rather than United States dollars, for oil exported under the "oil for food" program, which is part of the sanctions regime stemming from Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait. (DJ)
November 3: Russia's Lukoil announces that it will purchase Getty Petroleum Marketing of the United States for $71 million. Lukoil eventually intends to switch Getty's 1,300 retail outlets in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic states to the Lukoil brand name. The purchase represents the first takeover of a publicly traded American company by a Russian firm. (DJ)
November 12: OPEC oil ministers, meeting in Vienna, announce a decision to put any further production increases on hold until their next meeting scheduled for January 17, 2001. The move effectively ends OPEC's "price band" mechanism, which called for automatic increases in production quotas of when the price of the OPEC Basket of crude oils remained over $28 per barrel for 20 consecutive trading days. OPEC also selects the Venezuelan oil minister, Ali Rodriguez, as its new Secretary General. He will formally take over from Nigeria's Rilwanu Lukman on January 1, 2001. (NYT, WSJ)
November 16: Iraq's State Oil Marketing Organization (SOMO) demands that companies lifting cargoes of Iraqi crude oil begin paying a fifty cent per barrel surcharge starting on December 1, 2000. The surcharge would be paid directly to the Iraqi government rather than being channeled into the account administered by the United Nations under the "oil for food" program, and would constitute clear violation of sanctions. The Iraqi move leads to concerns over a possible Iraqi cutoff of oil supplies beginning December 1. (DJ)
November 26: The sixth Conference of Parties (COP-6) of the Kyoto Protocol in The Hague ends without an agreement between member states on implementing cuts in emissions of greenhouse gases. One of the main issues under negotiation at the conference was the possibility that member states could claim credit for "carbon sinks," forests, and farmland which absorb carbon dioxide, as part of their overall commitment to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Another main issue was "emissions trading," which would allow member states to purchase "emissions credits" from other member states whose carbon dioxide emissions were below their targets. (WP, WSJ, NYT)
December 1: Vicente Fox is inaugurated as Mexico's president. Ernesto Martens takes office as the new Minister of Petroleum. (DJ)
December 4: California utilities are forced to cut off electricity supplies to some "interruptible" customers due to a supply shortage. California has suffered shortages and high wholesale electricity prices since May 2000. The immediate shortage stems, in part, from a reduction in electricity imports from the Pacific Northwest as a result of cold weather in the area. Other problems include: gas supply problems, low availability of hydroelectric and nuclear generating capacity, and high power demand. (DJ)
December 5: The United Nations Security Council approves a six-month extension to the Iraq "oil for food" program. (DJ)
December 16: Ukraine permanently shuts down the last reactor at its Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which gained notoriety for a major accident and radioactivity release in 1986. The facility will still be the location of a major cleanup effort, as Ukraine tries to contain continuing leakage from the containment structures around the reactors damaged in the accident. (DJ)
December 21: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announces new regulations which will drastically reduce the allowable sulfur content in diesel fuel in the United States. The new diesel sulfur standard will be 15 parts per million (PPM). Oil industry trade groups have opposed the new standard. (DJ)
December 27: Natural gas prices in the United States surge above $10 per million British Thermal Units (BTUs) for the first time ever in response to cold weather and stock draws reported by the American Gas Association (AGA). Henry Hub natural gas closes at $9.978, after falling slightly from its intraday peak price. (DJ)
December 27: Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez appoints Alvaro Silva Calderon to replace Ali Rodriguez as Minister of Petroleum. Calderon had previously served as a deputy minister. Rodriguez had recently been chosen as the new OPEC Secretary General. Both will assume their new posts effective January 5, 2001. (DJ)
December 31: Saudi oil minister Ali Naimi says that OPEC will cut production when ministers meet in Vienna on January 17, 2001. Oil prices have fallen sharply in recent weeks, with the OPEC basket reaching $21.50 per barrel on December 25, down one-third from highs reached in October 2000. Despite the recent decline, average oil prices for 2000 were the highest (not adjusted for inflation) in seventeen years. (DJ)
Sources
Energy Information Administration: Chronology of World Oil Market Events
Commodity Research Bureau. The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2000, 2000.
Other sources include: Dow Jones (DJ), New York Times (NYT), Wall Street Journal (WSJ), and the Washington Post (WP).
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Fat Day was a Boston-based noisecore band. Formed in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1992, they released a handful of LPs and several EPs on their own 100% Breakfast! label as well as many others.
History
The four members of Fat Day met in the early 1990s when they were DJs on the Record Hospital, a nightly program of rock and indie rock aired on WHRB in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Doug Demay and Zak Sitter both played guitar in the short-lived band Mopar before dedicating their time to Fat Day. The band rented a small house in Somerville, Massachusetts (dubbed "Fat Day House") where they lived, practiced, recorded, ran a record label, and hosted shows for local and touring bands.
Fat Day toured the U.S. several times, as well as the UK and Ireland in 1997, and Japan in 1998. During the band's existence, they self-released three LPs and several EPs as well as an EP co-released with Donut Friends. Other labels that put out Fat Day records include Japan's HG Fact, Wabana, Ratfish, and the Japanese-American label Devour Records, which compiled a CD of Fat Day's first two albums. In 2002 'Fat Day 'IV' came out on Douglas Wolk's Dark Beloved Cloud label, and 2004's Unf! Unf! was issued by Providence noise label Load Records. Fat Day also released split EPs with the Ohio bands Thomas Jefferson Slave Apartments and Harriet The Spy and the Japanese band Melt-Banana.
Creative projects
Fat Day's original inception as a standard guitar/bass/drums/vocals punk band has always been infused with a performance art aesthetic. They have been known to play dressed only in clear cellophane wrap or have vocalist Matt Pakulski locked inside a speaker cabinet for the entire duration of a live show. Their 1997 tour of the UK and Ireland featured a fifth "member" wearing only a pair of jockey shorts, with a toy saxophone and covered in a substance of the band's choice at every gig. This, apparently, was due to him wanting to accompany the band on the tour, and, not being able to play, the other members of the band agreed on the condition they covered him head-to-toe in a different substance for each show. The saxophone was unmiked and unplayable. Their sound on that tour was a mixture of noise, avant-punk and hardcore, frequently giving the impression of a more impenetrable The Fall attempting some of Captain Beefheart's most difficult pieces, arranged by a "The Black Saint And The Sinner Lady"-era Charles Mingus. On their 1998 tour of the U.S and Japan the band built a set of oscillators that were activated by choreographed dances on four small trampolines. These homemade electronic instruments were later condensed into a more manageable helmet form that the band would wear and play songs on in the midst of their more guitar-based set.
Fat Day recorded a soundtrack for guitarist Doug DeMay's film Sexy Doings. They have also collaborated with the comic strip illustrator PShaw! on a comic strip poster and a purple vinyl 45 RPM record set called Oskarrensaga, based on their elaborate 2002 rock opera of the same name that involved inflatable pool toys (such as swans and a curly sea serpent), and featured narration by PShaw. The album Fat Day IV is a collection of twenty-one pieces of music composed and mailed in by fans, and Iguanadonaland enlists a community orchestra that performs throughout the album.
Break up
By 2005 half of Fat Day had moved away from Boston and they eventually disbanded. Guitarist Doug Demay continues to run a home recording studio and record label. Arik Grier took up sousaphone in the Stick and Rag Village Orchestra and Debo Band. Matt Pakulshi runs the Chicago-based label FPE Records.
Members
Arik Grier, bass guitar and electronics, now plays tuba in the Ethio-groove outfit Debo Band.
Doug Demay, guitar and electronics, sang for a Devo cover band, now plays in Exusamwa.
Matt Pakulski, vocals and electronics, majored in new music composition in college and originally played bagpipes in Fat Day.
Zak Sitter, drums and electronics, was a founding member of DQE.
Discography
Albums
My Name Is I Hate You (1995)
Burrega! (1997)
Cats of the Wild (2000)
IV (2002)
Unf! Unf! (2004)
Iguanadonaland (2008)
EPs and singles
1st 7" (1993)
Live Poultry Fresh Killed (1994)
Bound for Glory (1995)
Smell Me Silly! (1996)
Split 7" with Thomas Jefferson Slave Apartments (1997)
Split 7" with Harriet the Spy (1998)
Gun Court (1999)
Poop E.P. (2002)
Oskarrensaga (2006)
Split CD with Melt-Banana (2007)
Compilation albums
Burrega!/My Name Is I Hate You (1998 CD release of first two albums)
Snarl of Pulchritude: Singles 1993-2003 (2004)
Compilation appearances
One song on a flexidisc that came as an insert in Wingnut magazine (Sealed Hotel Publications, 1993)
One song on The Guide To Your Demise 7" compilation (1994)
One song on the Stealing the Pocket compilation LP (Positively Punk, 1994)
"All Your Winning Colours" and "Dub" appear on the Methodist Leisure Inc. freebie spazzcore compilation Short Attention Span (2009, Methodist Leisure Inc.)
Other appearances
Fat Day's song "Little Rachcles" is sampled on the 1999 album Planetary Natural Love Gas Webbin' 199999 by DJ Pica Pica Pica, a continuous mix of music compiled by Yamatsuka Eye. The song is incorrectly listed in the liner notes of that CD as "Burrega Theme".
See also
Record Hospital
WHRB
References
External links
Official site
Myspace
Mr. Fat Day comics by PShaw!
Article by Douglas Wolk
Review by Charlie Wilmoth
Review by Marc Gilman
[ Review by Rick Anderson]
Noisecore musical groups
American noise rock music groups
Load Records artists
Musical groups established in 1992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat%20Day |
Interail was an Australian rail freight operator owned by QR National. In June 2011 it ceased trading as a separate brand, and became part of QR National (now known as Aurizon).
Northern Rivers Railroad
Northern Rivers Railroad was established in 1990 with the intention of running tourist trains on the Casino to Murwillumbah line in northern New South Wales. Four 421 class locomotives were purchased in 1990 and along with some former South Australian Railways steel and State Rail Authority carriages were restored to operational condition at Junee Locomotive Depot before moving to Casino in October 1996.
On 22 September 1997, Northern Rivers Railroad commenced operating cement and flyash trains from Grafton to Casino and Murwillumbah under sub-contract to FreightCorp. A 49 class locomotive was hired from FreightCorp for a few months in 1998.
In May 1999, a tourist service started operating the Ritz Rail tourist train between Murwillumbah and Lismore. It also ran to other destinations including Brisbane. In 1999, two 422 class locomotives were purchased from FreightCorp. In 2000 Northern Rivers Railroad operated some infrastructure trains in the Hunter Valley.
Sale to QR National
In March 2002, Northern Rivers Railroad was purchased by Queensland Rail and rebranded Interail, fulfilling a long held ambition of to expand beyond its state borders. The tourist train was not included.
The first contract won by Interail was hauling infrastructure trains on the North Coast line of New South Wales for Rail Infrastructure Corporation. It was followed by a coal haulage contract from Duralie Colliery to Stratford Mine from March 2003, then haulage of containers between Casino and Brisbane from May 2003. Another coal contract in the Hunter Valley was won in late 2003 for the haulage of coal from Newstan Colliery, Fassifern to Vales Point Power Station.
In 2004. Interail began running Brisbane to Melbourne and Sydney to Melbourne intermodal services, in part due to the linehaul needs of CRT Group.
To operate these extra services two Queensland Railways 1502 class were rebuilt in 2002 as 423s using standard gauge bogies recovered from 49 class locomotives. A further four followed in 2004/05. Two former Westrail L class locomotives were acquired from Rail Technical Support Group in 2004. To operate the intermodal services two X class and two G class locomotives were transferred from Freight Australia as part of a deal requiring CRT Group to receive of locomotive power should Freight Australia be sold to a competitor of CRT, which it was when sold to Pacific National. Locomotives were also often hired from Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia.
Following the formation of QR National in 2004/05, all new business was done under this brand. The ex Freight Australia locomotives carried QR National branding from 2005 as did the last two 423s. In June 2011 it ceased trading as a separate brand, and became part of QR National.
References
External links
Company website
Interail fleet listing
Defunct railway companies of Australia
1990 establishments in Australia
2011 disestablishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interail |
Richard Leigh may refer to:
Richard Leigh (martyr) (c. 1561–1588), Catholic martyr
Richard Leigh (officer of arms), Clarenceux King of Arms, died 1597
Richard Leigh (poet) (1649/50–1728), English poet
Richard Leigh (footballer) (born 1974), Australian rules footballer
Richard Leigh (author) (1943–2007), co-author of The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail
Richard Leigh (songwriter) (born 1951), American country music songwriter
Richard Leigh (musician), free-improvising musician, member of the Musics collective
Richard H. Leigh, U.S. Navy admiral
Richard Leigh (cricketer) (1784–1841), English cricketer
Richard Leigh (cricket patron), 18th-century English businessman and cricket patron
Richard "Beaver Dick" Leigh, English-American trapper, scout, and guide
See also
Richard Lee (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Leigh |
Arpeggi may refer to:
the original name of the song "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi", by Radiohead
Arpeggi, Inc., a bioinformatics startup company acquired by Gene by Gene in 2013
the plural of arpeggio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpeggi |
The superposition theorem is a derived result of the superposition principle suited to the network analysis of electrical circuits. The superposition theorem states that for a linear system (notably including the subcategory of time-invariant linear systems) the response (voltage or current) in any branch of a bilateral linear circuit having more than one independent source equals the algebraic sum of the responses caused by each independent source acting alone, where all the other independent sources are replaced by their internal impedances.
To ascertain the contribution of each individual source, all of the other sources first must be "turned off" (set to zero) by:
Replacing all other independent voltage sources with a short circuit (thereby eliminating difference of potential i.e. V=0; internal impedance of ideal voltage source is zero (short circuit)).
Replacing all other independent current sources with an open circuit (thereby eliminating current i.e. I=0; internal impedance of ideal current source is infinite (open circuit)).
This procedure is followed for each source in turn, then the resultant responses are added to determine the true operation of the circuit. The resultant circuit operation is the superposition of the various voltage and current sources.
The superposition theorem is very important in circuit analysis. It is used in converting any circuit into its Norton equivalent or Thevenin equivalent.
The theorem is applicable to linear networks (time varying or time invariant) consisting of independent sources, linear dependent sources, linear passive elements (resistors, inductors, capacitors) and linear transformers.
Superposition works for voltage and current but not power. In other words, the sum of the powers of each source with the other sources turned off is not the real consumed power. To calculate power we first use superposition to find both current and voltage of each linear element and then calculate the sum of the multiplied voltages and currents.
However, if the linear network is operating in steady-state and each external independent source has a different frequency, then superposition can be applied to compute the average power or active power. If at least two independent sources have the same frequency (for example in power systems, where many generators operate at 50 Hz or 60 Hz), then superposition can't be used to determine average power.
Gas pressure analogy
The electric circuit superposition theorem is analogous to Dalton's law of partial pressure which can be stated as the total pressure exerted by an ideal gas mixture in a given volume is the algebraic sum of all the pressures exerted by each gas if it were alone in that volume.
References
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory (9th ed.) by Boylestad and Nashelsky
Basic Circuit Theory by C. A. Desoer and E. H. Kuh
''Edward Hughes revised by John.K, Keith.B etal (2008) Electrical and Electronic Technology (10th ed.) Pearson page 75-77
External links
On the Application of Superposition to Dependent Sources in Circuit Analysis – proves superposition of dependent sources is valid.
Circuit theorems
de:Superposition (Physik)#Elektrotechnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition%20theorem |
Come was a British noise music project, which was founded in 1979 by William Bennett. In the short time of its existence it had such prominent members as Daniel Miller and J. G. Thirlwell. Bennett would later end the project in 1980 in favor for his then newly formed power electronics project Whitehouse, however a second studio album under the Come moniker was released in 1981 titled I'm Jack. The independent record label Come Organisation was created as a result of the lack of interest other labels showed in the group's recordings. They never performed live.
While all of their material is largely out-of-print, most of their Rampton LP can be found on the Susan Lawly double disc compilation Anthology 1 Come Organisation Archives 1979-1980, and the entirety of I'm Jack is included on Anthology 2 Come Organisation Archives 2 1981-1982.
Discography
Studio albums
Rampton (1979)
I'm Jack (1981)
Singles
"Come" (1979)
Compilation appearances
See also
Nurse with Wound list
References
External links
Come profile on last.fm
Come profile on discogs.org
Come Discogs page
British noise rock groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come%20%28British%20band%29 |
Noriko Ogawa may refer to:
Noriko Ogawa (pianist) , born 1962, classical musician
Noriko Ogawa (singer) , born 1973, singer and actress
Noriko Ishigaki (born Noriko Ogawa , 1974), a politician | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noriko%20Ogawa |
January 1: The OPEC crude oil production quota cuts of per day, announced on December 28, officially go into effect for six months. Crude oil production or export cuts of by five non-OPEC oil exporters also go into effect. (Reuters)
January 9: U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham announces that the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles program, started in 1993 in an effort to develop mass-produced vehicles that would get 80 miles per US gallon of gasoline by 2004, will be replaced by a new program called Freedom Car. The Freedom Car program will emphasize developing fuel-cell vehicles, powered by oxygen and hydrogen, by an unspecified later date.(WP, NYT)
January 22: The U.S. Department of Energy opens the bidding process for oil companies to deliver of crude oil to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve instead of making cash royalty payments. The royalty-in-kind oil is the first phase of the Bush administration's plan, announced last November, to fill the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to its capacity of . (Reuters)
January 29: U.S. President George W. Bush delivers his State of the Union address. In his speech he identifies Iraq, Iran, and North Korea as part of an “axis of evil” that supports terrorism. President Bush also states, “The United States of America will not permit the world’s most dangerous regimes to threaten us with the world’s most destructive weapons.” (NYT)
February 13: Iraq says that it will not allow United Nations (U.N.) arms inspectors to return to Iraq. Iraqi Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan states, "There is no need for the spies of the [U.N.] inspection teams to return to Iraq since Iraq is free of weapons of mass destruction." The United States has hinted that actions may be taken against the Iraqi government if U.N. arms inspectors are not allowed to return. (Reuters)
March 6: At a joint news conference, oil ministers of major non-OPEC oil exporters Mexico and Norway announce that they plan to maintain their respective export and production cuts through the end of the second quarter of 2002. This same day, non-OPEC Persian Gulf exporter Oman announces that it is willing to maintain its relatively small production cut through the end of the year. (Reuters)
March 7: Light, sweet crude oil for April delivery on the NYMEX closes at $23.71, the highest price since September 21, 2001, when oil prices had temporarily spiked because of the September 11 terrorist attacks. Oil prices have been on the rise because of OPEC and non-OPEC production cuts, an improving U.S. economy, and concern over U.S. intentions toward Iraq. (OD)
March 12: Shareholders of Conoco and Phillips Petroleum approve a proposed $15.6-billion merger of the two major oil companies. The new company would be the third-largest oil company in the United States and the sixth-largest investor-owned oil company in the world. The company would also be the largest oil refiner in the United States. Joint reserves of the two companies are about of oil equivalent. (AP)
March 15: OPEC oil ministers meeting in Vienna decide to maintain their quota restrictions, established January 1, 2002, through the end of the second quarter of the year. On January 1, 2002, OPEC cut its crude oil production quotas by an aggregate . (NYT)
March 20: Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov announces that Russia will extend its voluntary crude oil export cuts of through the end of the second quarter of 2002. Russia, the biggest non-OPEC oil exporter, had agreed to implement the cuts beginning on January 1, 2002 as a cooperative move with OPEC. Many analysts question whether Russia has complied at all with its pledged cuts, and some data actually points to Russian exports rising since the beginning of January. (NYT)
April 1: India liberalizes its oil and natural gas sector by putting in place a series of market reforms, including: the end of government-fixed prices for gasoline and diesel; the end of subsidized cooking gas and kerosene prices; market competition for state-run downstream companies; and assigning the Oil Ministry the role of energy watchdog. (Reuters)
April 2: Royal Dutch Shell agrees to buy Enterprise Oil for $5 billion in cash. This will increase Royal Dutch/Shell's production in the North Sea by 30% and overall production by 6%, according to the company. The acquisition will also add of oil to Royal Dutch/Shell's reserves. The company is also assuming $1.15 billion in Enterprise's debt. (NYT)
April 3: Venezuela sends out its first commercial shipment of of synthetic crude to a U.S. Gulf Coast refinery. Venezuela's Sincor heavy crude upgrade plant, which was inaugurated last month, refines ultra-heavy crude oil into 32 degree API syncrude. (Reuters)
April 4: The Angolan army signs a ceasefire accord with rebels of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (Unita). The agreement includes amnesty for former Unita soldiers and their demobilization and reintegration into society. The civil war, which began in 1975, has killed thousands of Angolans and taken much of the government's revenues from Angola's substantial oil production and exports. (NYT)
April 5: Thousands of workers at Venezuelan state oil company PdVSA stay home, close gates of facilities, and engage in protests. This is the largest disruption of PdVSA's operations in 2002, though it is not a full-blown strike by all PdVSA workers. Oil production and refining slows, and two of Venezuela's five main oil export terminals are unable to operate. The government of President Hugo Chávez threatens to militarize PdVSA's operations. (AP)
April 8: Iraq announces that it will halt its "oil-for-food" exports for 30 days as a "gesture of support" for the Palestinians' struggle with Israel. Iraq also requests that other OPEC countries do not raise production to make up for lost Iraqi exports. Iraqi "oil-for-food" exports had averaged about to date in 2002. Major Arab OPEC exporters Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar have expressed unwillingness to join in any embargo. (WSJ)
April 9: A general strike begins in Venezuela, shutting down many stores and factories and nearly halting oil production, refining, and export terminals. On April 12, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez is ousted by the country's military after three consecutive days of general strikes during which oil production, refining, and exports — the mainstays of the Venezuelan economy — were seriously affected. Pedro Carmona is named interim President of Venezuela by the military high command. PdVSA operations that had been halted start up again, but rioting begins again the following day. On April 14, Interim President Carmona announces that he has resigned following large, and sometimes violent, pro-Chávez protests and a lack of support among many military officers. Several hours later, Hugo Chávez returns to power in Caracas and states that he never resigned the presidency. (WP, WSJ, Reuters, AP)
April 24: A summit of the leaders of the five littoral states of the Caspian Sea ends without an agreement on how to divide the Caspian's resources among the five countries. (Reuters)
May 8: Iraq starts pumping crude oil to its export terminals, following the country's announcement on May 5 that it would end its oil export embargo after one month, i.e., May 8. Iraq also submits price proposals for May crude oil loadings to the United Nations for approval. (Reuters)
May 14: The United Nations Security Council approves an overhaul of the “oil-for-food” program for Iraq that makes use of an extensive list of “dual-use” goods (goods that could have a military as well as civilian use). Iraq will be able to use its oil revenues, which go into a U.N. escrow account out of which suppliers exporting products to Baghdad are paid, in order to purchase items not on the list. The resolution renews the U.N. program until November 25, 2002. On May 16, official Iraqi news agency INA announces that it will comply with the new six-month tranche of the “oil-for-food” program voted by the U.N. Security Council on May 14, despite condemning the Security Council resolution in the same statement. Iraq officially accepts the U.N. proposal on May 29. (Reuters)
May 17: Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov announces that Russia will not extend its crude oil export cut, agreed to with OPEC, into the third quarter of 2002 and furthermore, that Russia will gradually phase out the export cut in the remainder of the second quarter of 2002. Russia is the world's second-largest oil exporter. (WMRC)
May 24: U.S. President George Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin agree to a major new energy partnership that will entail more investment from the United States in Russia's oil and natural gas sector. The leaders also agree to joint efforts to improve ports, pipelines, and refineries in order to expedite export flow. This could mean more Russian hydrocarbon exports to North America. (NYT)
May 28: The U.S. government decides to buy back leases for oil and natural gas drilling on the Florida coast and in the Everglades for $235 million because of environmental concerns. Secretary of the Interior Gale Norton has asserted that there are only of oil equivalent in the area to be protected, about two days' worth of U.S. consumption. (OD)
June 20: Norway's Oil and Energy Ministry states that, "The Norwegian government has decided not to extend the restriction on oil production into the second half of 2002." Norway had agreed with OPEC to reduce its crude oil production by for the first two quarters of 2002. (Reuters)
June 25: Russia formally announces that it will raise its crude oil exports by in the third quarter of 2002 and thereby, end its agreement with OPEC to limit crude oil exports by for the first and second quarter of 2002. Many analysts believe that Russia has already been exporting near capacity for some months. (Reuters)
June 26: OPEC ministers meeting in Vienna decide to leave their combined output quota, excluding Iraq, unchanged at for the third quarter of 2002. It is estimated that OPEC-10 countries (i.e. excluding Iraq) are producing between 1 million and above the quota agreement. OPEC members also agree to appoint Venezuelan Oil Minister Alvaro Silva as the cartel's new secretary general, replacing Ali Rodriguez, who will now head Venezuelan state oil company PdVSA. At the meeting, Algeria requests a larger share of OPEC's total quota, but the issue will not be taken up until the OPEC Board of Governors meeting in August. (NYT, DJ)
June 27: Mexico announces that it will continue its agreement with OPEC to limit crude oil exports to into the third quarter of 2002. A statement from the Energy Ministry said that the decision was "based on national interests and conditioned upon the future conduct of the world oil market." Mexico is among the five largest oil exporters to the United States. (Reuters)
June 29: An official at Oman's Oil and Gas Ministry announces that the non-OPEC country will continue its production cut into the third quarter of 2002. Oman had agreed with OPEC to cut production in the first and second quarters of 2002. (Reuters)
July 1: The California State Legislature passes a bill that limits vehicle emissions of carbon dioxide, the first such bill to pass a state legislature. The specific regulations, to be developed by 2005, would take effect on 2009 model-year vehicles. The limits, enacted because of carbon dioxide's putative effect on global climate change, are likely to have significant repercussions beyond California because the State represents some 10% of the U.S. automobile market. Governor Gray Davis signs the bill into law on July 22. (LAT)
July 3: The supertanker Astro Lupus arrives offshore of the Port of Houston, carrying the first direct shipment of Russian crude oil to the United States. The oil, about of Urals Blend, was exported by Yukos, Russia's second-largest producer and destined for two ExxonMobil refineries in Texas. Yukos hopes to make six such shipments this year. (NYT, WMRC, OD)
July 26: The U.S. Department of Energy announces that it intends to increase the rate at which the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is filled by increasing the “royalty-in-kind” exchange program by . Under the “royalty-in-kind” program, oil companies deposit oil that is produced on federal leases in the SPR as a form of payment for those leases. (OD)
July 31: ChevronTexaco announces the resumption of crude oil exports from Nigeria after protests and a fire caused the company to declare force majeure on its exports for a ten-day period. Between 300,000 and were temporarily halted. ChevronTexaco has not fully resolved the issues between the company and protestors who disrupt operations. Before the fire, about were interrupted at times by protestors. Nigeria's army moved in to prevent protestors from damaging equipment, but declined to remove the protestors from the facilities. (DJ)
August 2: The U.S. Office of Management and Budget approves U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations that authorize new penalties for manufacturers of diesel engines that exceed various pollutant levels, to take effect October 1, 2002. The new rules are part of long-term plan, begun in the previous administration, to require diesel trucks and buses to reduce emissions by 90% by 2007. (NYT)
August 7: Mexican Energy Minister Ernesto Martens announces that Mexico will continue to limit its crude oil exports to , in coordination with OPEC, although Mexico is not a member of the cartel. Mexico is the only major non-OPEC exporter cooperating with the cartel, after Norway and Russia ended their cooperation earlier in the year. (Reuters)
August 20: The NYMEX near-month crude oil futures price closes above $30 per barrel for the first time since February 2001. Concern over possible conflict in Iraq, OPEC quotas, and declining crude oil and product stocks are among the factors leading to a nine-straight-session rise in NYMEX prices. (Reuters)
August 29: U.S. Vice President Cheney states that a new round of U.N. weapons inspections in Iraq is likely to be insufficient to guarantee that Iraq has ended its biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons programs. That same day, Iraqi Vice President Ramadan declares that future inspections by the United Nations are a "waste of time," as the U.S. administration has already decided upon "changing the regime by force." (WP)
September 11: The International Energy Agency's (IEA) monthly oil market report notes that global oil stock levels have fallen to "uncomfortably low" levels that could lead to higher prices and more price volatility in the coming months. According to the IEA, OECD crude oil inventories fell by in August compared with July. (DJ)
September 11: The European Union (EU) releases a plan for coordination of member countries' crude oil reserves, including raising the minimum level of national oil stocks to 120 days of consumption from 90 days and putting one third of reserves into a stockpile which could be drawn on in times of crisis. The European Commission would have the power to release oil from the stockpile onto the market if prices rose to a level that, if sustained for a year, would raise the EU's external oil bill by an amount equal to 0.5% of its gross domestic product. Energy Commissioner Loyola de Palacio predicts that the new system will be in place in 2007. (Reuters)
September 12: U.S. President Bush addresses the United Nations. President Bush declares in regard to Iraq that "The Security Council resolutions will be enforced — the just demands of peace and security will be met — or action will be unavoidable…and a regime that has lost its legitimacy will also lose its power." (Reuters)
September 13: The World Bank approves lending for a controversial oil pipeline between Chad and Cameroon. The bank is funding $140 million of the $4 billion project to develop the oil fields of Doba in southern Chad and construct a pipeline to an offshore oil-loading facility on Cameroon's Atlantic coast. (Reuters)
September 18: Work begins on the $2.9 billion Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, which will transport oil from the landlocked Caspian Sea to Turkey's Mediterranean coast. The BP-led pipeline will be long when completed in 2005. Work begins on the Turkish section on September 26. (Reuters)
September 18: According to United Nations officials and representatives of the oil industry, Iraq has stopped attempting to impose illegal surcharges on oil it sells through the United Nations’ “Oil-for-Food” program. Though the surcharges have provided funds to the regime, Iraq may be attempting to cooperate more closely with U.N. resolutions in the face of increased scrutiny by the United States and Britain. (DJ)
September 19: OPEC, meeting in Osaka, Japan, decides that its ten members subject to quotas (i.e. excluding Iraq) will not raise their current production ceiling. However, OPEC's communiqué states that OPEC is committed "to taking any further measures, including convening extraordinary meetings when deemed necessary…to maintain prices [OPEC basket price] within the range of $22–$28 [per barrel]." Also at the meeting, Qatari Oil Minister Abdullah bin Hamad al-Attiyah is appointed as the new OPEC President, replacing Rilwanu Lukman of Nigeria. (DJ)
October 3: Hurricane Lili makes landfall on the U.S. Gulf coast after passing through offshore hydrocarbon production areas and the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP). Nearly all offshore production (about of oil production), as well as some onshore refineries, the LOOP and the Capline crude oil pipeline are shut down. Refineries and offshore operations begin to come back on line on October 4, with most operations fully online by the second half of the month. There is little permanent damage. Hurricane Lili struck the U.S. Gulf coast only one week after Tropical Storm Isidore temporarily shut down the LOOP on September 24. (Reuters)
October 6: A French oil tanker chartered by Malaysian state oil company Petronas is attacked off the coast of Yemen, seriously damaging the ship and killing one crew member. The VLCC, with about of oil aboard, catches fire. The tanker does not sink, and is towed to port. Later, investigators determine that a terrorist suicide attack by a small boat is the cause of the explosion. The tanker was on its way to load additional oil in Yemen when attacked. (Reuters, DJ)
October 9: The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) releases data showing that crude oil stocks in the previous week fell to their lowest levels () since the agency began keeping weekly records over 20 years ago. Crude oil stocks have fallen by over since February of this year and are now below the year ago level and only 0.5 million above the EIA's "Lower Operational Inventory." While not implying shortages, operational problems, or price increases, the Lower Operational Inventory means that supply flexibility could be constrained. (Reuters)
October 11: The U.S. Senate votes to give President George Bush the authority to use force, if necessary, to persuade Iraqi President Saddam Hussein to abandon programs for the development of biological, chemical or nuclear weapons. The U.S. House of Representatives passed a similar measure the previous day. This moves the focus of debate to the U.N. Security Council. (Reuters)
November 1: Greece, Bulgaria, and Russia agree to equal stakes in the $699 million Burgas-Alexandroupoli pipeline. The pipeline will bypass the Bosphorus Strait in order to bring Russian oil from the Bulgarian Black Sea port of Burgas to the Greek Mediterranean port of Alexandroupolis. The pipeline will be able to carry about . (Reuters)
November 8: The United Nations (UN) Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 1441, that Iraq must accept or reject within seven days, giving United Nations inspectors the unconditional right to search anywhere in Iraq for banned weapons. Furthermore, Iraq will have to make an "accurate full and complete" declaration of its nuclear, chemical, biological and ballistic weapons and related materials used in civilian industries within 30 days. The resolution requires violations to be reported back to the Security Council by inspectors before any actions could be taken against Iraq for violating weapons bans. (Reuters)
November 13: In a letter to United Nations (UN) Secretary General Kofi Annan, Iraq accepts UN Security Council resolution 1441 of November 8, granting UN inspectors the right to conduct unfettered inspections in Iraq, "despite its bad contents." In the letter, Iraq also denies that it possesses any weapons of mass destruction. (AP)
November 14: The TengizChevroil consortium, a consortium of companies led by operator ChevronTexaco that is developing the estimated Tengiz oil field in Kazakhstan, announces that the consortium has decided to indefinitely suspend investment in the second phase of the project. Production from the first phase was about 12.5 million metric tons in 2001 (about ). The second phase would require about $3 billion of investment in order to boost the project's output by about 3 million metric tons per year (about ). (WMRC)
November 15: The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve, an emergency crude oil stockpile administered by the U.S. Department of Energy, reaches , the largest amount in the reserve since it was initiated in 1977. (Reuters)
November 18: The tanker Prestige, loaded with of Russian fuel oil, splits in two and sinks off the coast of northwest Spain. The tanker, flying a Bahamian flag and owned by a Liberian company based in Athens, Greece, spills about of the fuel oil from a crack before sinking, polluting beaches in the region and harming marine life. Fuel oil may continue leaking from the sunken ship. (WSJ, WP)
November 26: Murphy Oil of the United States announces the discovery of to of oil in the Kikeh field off the coast of Malaysia's Sabah region on the island of Borneo. This is one of the largest discoveries in Southeast Asia in recent years. (WMRC)
November 27: Officials of four of Russia's largest oil companies, Lukoil, Yukos, Sibneft, and Tyumen, announce a preliminary agreement for a joint project to build a $1.5 billion Arctic oil port near the town of Murmansk. This would enable Russia to expand ocean-going tanker exports. (WSJ)
December 2: Business and labor groups in Venezuela, including employees of state oil company PdVSA, begin a strike in order to obtain an early referendum on the rule of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez. The strike has little effect on its first day, but as the strike continues through the end of the month, oil production, refinery runs, and crude oil and refined petroleum product exports fall dramatically. Several refineries in the Caribbean dependent on Venezuelan crude are also adversely affected. This has a serious impact on the Venezuelan economy, but no agreement between President Chávez and the opposition forces leading the strike is reached by the end of the month. (Reuters)
December 4: The United Nations (U.N.) Oil-for-Food program is unanimously renewed by the Security Council for another six months, and shortly thereafter accepted by the Iraqi government. The Oil-for-Food program allows Iraq to sell unlimited quantities of oil, with revenues going into a U.N. account that pays vendors for approved goods that Iraq orders. (Reuters)
December 12: The government of Iraq cancels a $3.8 billion contract with three Russian companies — Lukoil, Zarubezhnest, and Machinoimport — to develop the very large West Qurna oilfield. Although the reasoning for the decision is not made clear by Iraq, it is thought that it is in response to Russian political decisions regarding United Nations inspections and the Oil-for-Food program. (NYT)
December 12: OPEC oil ministers, meeting in Vienna, decide to raise OPEC-10's (i.e. excluding Iraq) total production quota from to . OPEC ministers also urge strict compliance with the new quotas in an effort to cut back production, as OPEC-10 production is widely regarded to be exceeding even the new production quota of . (LAT)
December 16: The near-month crude oil futures price on the NYMEX tops $30 per barrel for the first time since October 2, as the general strike in Venezuela impacts the world oil market. Later in the month, on December 27, the near-month crude oil futures price rises to $32.72 per barrel, the highest price since November 2000. (WSJ, AP)
December 17: The U.S. Department of Energy allows several oil companies to postpone delivery of an additional of crude oil to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in an attempt to keep more oil in the market during the strike in Venezuela. The oil companies will have to deliver the oil at a later date. (Reuters)
December 19: U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell declares that Iraq is in "material breach" of United Nations resolutions after reviewing Iraq's weapons of mass destruction declaration released December 7 to the United Nations. States Powell: "Our [U.S.] experts have found it to be anything but currently accurate, full or complete. The Iraqi declaration ... totally fails to meet the resolution's requirements." (Reuters)
December 28: A tanker with of gasoline arrives in Venezuela from Brazil, providing crucial supplies to the country, as the strike by employees of state oil company PdVSA has meant severe reductions in refinery runs in that country. Crude oil production, that was in excess of before the strike, is less than for many days in December. (WSJ)
Sources
Energy Information Administration: Chronology of World Oil Market Events
Commodity Research Bureau. The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2002, 2002.
Other sources include: Associated Press (AP), Dow Jones (DJ), Los Angeles Times (LAT), The New York Times (NYT), Oil Daily (OD), USA Today (USAT), The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), The Washington Post (WP), World Markets Research Center (WMRC).
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Oil market timelines
World oil market chronology
World Oil Market Chronology, 2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20world%20oil%20market%20chronology |
The Porky Pig Show is an American television anthology series hosted by Porky Pig, that was composed of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons made between 1948 and 1964. The series aired on ABC Saturday mornings from 1964 to 1967, with 26 half-hour episodes created. In rare times in the early 2000s, the show aired as part of Cartoon Network's Boomerang 1964 block (on both channels), as well rerunning on Canal 5 in Mexico in the 2010s.
Format
Each show began with a newly animated title sequence featuring a theme song by Barbara Cameron, in which Porky welcomes his friends into a barn to dance and watch his show. Following the three cartoons featured on the program (the first one always featuring Porky, and few of which would be featured on any incarnation of The Bugs Bunny Show until the 1990s), a closing sequence played in which Porky's friends say goodbye and promise to return the following week. The opening and closing were produced by Hal Seeger Productions. Warner Bros. had shut down their own cartoon studio in the previous year.
Episodes
Home media
Episode #1 of The Porky Pig Show was released on DVD, as part of Warner Home Video's Saturday Morning Cartoons: 1960s, Volume 1 two-disc set, on May 26, 2009. Episode #3 was included in Saturday Morning Cartoons: 1960s, Volume 2, released on October 27, 2009.
External links
Looney Tunes television series
1960s American animated television series
1964 American television series debuts
1967 American television series endings
1960s American anthology television series
American children's animated anthology television series
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Animated television series about pigs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Porky%20Pig%20Show |
Watergang (, literally "watercourse") is a village in the northwest Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Waterland, North Holland, about seven kilometres (four miles) north of Amsterdam, on the east bank of the Noordhollandsch Kanaal.
The village was first mentioned in 1343 as "van waterganghe", and means canal. It refers to the waterway between Monnickendam and Amsterdam. The canal developed during the peat excavation of the 12th century, and Watergang developed as a linear settlement along the canal. The Dutch Reformed church dates from 1642 and was restored in 1832.
People from Watergang
Alexander Johan Berman, Dutch Reformed Minister of Watergang
Simon Berman, Watergang-born mayor of Schagen, Bedum, and Alblasserdam
Gallery
References
Populated places in North Holland
Waterland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergang |
In projective geometry an oval is a point set in a plane that is defined by incidence properties. The standard examples are the nondegenerate conics. However, a conic is only defined in a pappian plane, whereas an oval may exist in any type of projective plane. In the literature, there are many criteria which imply that an oval is a conic, but there are many examples, both infinite and finite, of ovals in pappian planes which are not conics.
As mentioned, in projective geometry an oval is defined by incidence properties, but in other areas, ovals may be defined to satisfy other criteria, for instance, in differential geometry by differentiability conditions in the real plane.
The higher dimensional analog of an oval is an ovoid in a projective space.
A generalization of the oval concept is an abstract oval, which is a structure that is not necessarily embedded in a projective plane. Indeed, there exist abstract ovals which can not lie in any projective plane.
Definition of an oval
In a projective plane a set of points is called an oval, if:
Any line meets in at most two points, and
For any point there exists exactly one tangent line through , i.e., }.
When the line is an exterior line (or passant), if a tangent line and if the line is a secant line.
For finite planes (i.e. the set of points is finite) we have a more convenient characterization:
For a finite projective plane of order (i.e. any line contains points) a set of points is an oval if and only if and no three points are collinear (on a common line).
A set of points in an affine plane satisfying the above definition is called an affine oval.
An affine oval is always a projective oval in the projective closure (adding a line at infinity) of the underlying affine plane.
An oval can also be considered as a special quadratic set.
Examples
Conic sections
In any pappian projective plane there exist nondegenerate projective conic sections
and any nondegenerate projective conic section is an oval. This statement can be verified by a straightforward calculation for any of the conics (such as the parabola or hyperbola).
Non-degenerate conics are ovals with special properties:
Pascal's Theorem and its various degenerations are valid.
There are many projectivities which leave a conic invariant.
Ovals, which are not conics
in the real plane
If one glues one half of a circle and a half of an ellipse smoothly together, one gets a non-conic oval.
If one takes the inhomogeneous representation of a conic oval as a parabola plus a point at infinity and replaces the expression by , one gets an oval which is not a conic.
If one takes the inhomogeneous representation of a conic oval as a hyperbola plus two points at infinity and replaces the expression by , one gets an oval which is not a conic.
The implicit curve is a non conic oval.
in a finite plane of even order
In a finite pappian plane of even order a nondegenerate conic has a nucleus (a single point through which every tangent passes), which can be exchanged with any point of the conic to obtain an oval which is not a conic.
For the field with elements let
For and and coprime, the set is an oval, which is not a conic.
Further finite examples can be found here:
Criteria for an oval to be a conic
For an oval to be a conic the oval and/or the plane has to fulfill additional conditions. Here are some results:
An oval in an arbitrary projective plane, which fulfills the incidence condition of Pascal's theorem or the 5-point degeneration of it, is a nondegenerate conic.
If is an oval in a pappian projective plane and the group of projectivities which leave invariant is 3-transitive, i.e. for 2 triples of points there exists a projectivity with . In the finite case 2-transitive is sufficient.
An oval in a pappian projective plane of characteristic is a conic if and only if for any point of a tangent there is an involutory perspectivity (symmetry) with center which leaves invariant.
If is an oval in a finite Desarguesian (pappian) projective plane of odd order, , then is a conic (Segre's theorem, ). This implies that, after a possible change of coordinates, every oval of with odd has the parametrization :
For topological ovals the following simple criteria holds:
5. Any closed oval of the complex projective plane is a conic.
Further results on ovals in finite planes
An oval in a finite projective plane of order is a ()-arc, in other words, a set of points, no three collinear. Ovals in the Desarguesian (pappian) projective plane for odd are just the nonsingular conics. However, ovals in for even have not yet been classified.
In an arbitrary finite projective plane of odd order , no sets with more points than , no three of which are collinear, exist, as first pointed out by Bose in a 1947 paper on applications of this sort of mathematics to the statistical design of experiments. Furthermore, by
Qvist's theorem, through any point not on an oval there pass either zero or two tangent lines of that oval.
When q is even, the situation is completely different.
In this case, sets of points, no three of which collinear, may exist in a finite projective plane of order and they are called hyperovals; these are maximal arcs of degree 2.
Given an oval there is a unique tangent through each point, and if is even Qvist's theorem, () shows that all these tangents are concurrent in a point outside the oval. Adding this point (called the nucleus of the oval or sometimes the knot) to the oval gives a hyperoval. Conversely, removing any one point from a hyperoval immediately gives an oval.
As all ovals in the even order case are contained in hyperovals, a description of the (known) hyperovals implicitly gives all (known) ovals. The ovals obtained by removing a point from a hyperoval are projectively equivalent if and only if the removed points are in the same orbit of the automorphism group of the hyperoval. There are only three small examples (in the Desarguesian planes) where the automorphism group of the hyperoval is transitive on its points (see ) so, in general, there are different types of ovals contained in a single hyperoval.
Desarguesian Case: PG(2,2h)
This is the most studied case and so the most is known about these hyperovals.
Every nonsingular conic in the projective plane, together with its nucleus, forms a hyperoval. These may be called hyperconics, but the more traditional term is regular hyperovals. For each of these sets, there is a system of coordinates such that the set is:
However, many other types of hyperovals of PG(2, q) can be found if q > 8. Hyperovals of PG(2, q) for q even have only been classified for q < 64 to date.
In PG(2,2h), h > 0, a hyperoval contains at least four points no three of which are collinear.
Thus, by the Fundamental Theorem of Projective Geometry we can always assume that the points with projective coordinates (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1) and (1,1,1) are contained in any hyperoval. The remaining points of the hyperoval (when h > 1) will have the form (t, f(t),1) where t ranges through the values of the finite field GF(2h) and f is a function on that field which represents a permutation and can be uniquely expressed as a polynomial of degree at most 2h - 2, i.e. it is a permutation polynomial. Notice that f(0) = 0 and f(1) = 1 are forced by the assumption concerning the inclusion of the specified points. Other restrictions on f are forced by the no three points collinear condition. An f which produces a hyperoval in this way is called an o-polynomial. The following table lists all the known hyperovals (as of 2011) of
PG(2,2h) by giving the o-polynomial and any restrictions on the value of h that are necessary for the displayed function to be an o-polynomial. Note that all exponents are to be taken
mod(2h - 1).
Known Hyperovals in PG(2,2h)
a) The Subiaco o-polynomial is given by:
whenever ,
where tr is the absolute trace function of GF(2h). This
o-polynomial gives rise to a unique hyperoval if and to two
inequivalent hyperovals if .
b) To describe the Adelaide hyperovals, we will start in a slightly more general setting. Let F = GF(q) and K = GF(q2). Let be an element of norm 1, different from 1, i.e. bq+1 = 1, . Consider the polynomial, for ,
f(t) = (tr(b))−1tr(bm)(t + 1) + (tr(b))−1tr((bt + bq)m)(t + tr(b)t½+ 1)1−m + t½,
where tr(x) = trK/F(x) = x + xq.
When q = 2h, with h even and m = ±(q - 1)/3, the above f(t) is an o-polynomial for the Adelaide hyperoval.
c) The Penttila-O'Keefe o-polynomial is given by:
f(t) = t4 + t16 + t28 + η11(t6 + t10 + t14 + t18 + t22 + t26) + η20(t8 + t20) + η6(t12 + t24),
where η is a primitive root of GF(32) satisfying η5 = η2 + 1.
Hyperovals in PG(2, q), q even, q ≤ 64
As the hyperovals in the Desarguesian planes of orders 2, 4 and 8 are all hyperconics we shall only examine the planes of orders 16, 32 and 64.
PG(2,16)
In the details of a computer search for
complete arcs in small order planes carried out at the suggestion of B. Segre are given. In PG(2,16) they found a number of hyperovals which were not hyperconics. In 1975, M. Hall Jr. showed, also with considerable aid from a computer, that there were only two classes of projectively inequivalent hyperovals in this plane, the hyperconics and the hyperovals found by Lunelli and Sce. Out of the 2040 o-polynomials which give the Lunelli-Sce hyperoval, we display only one:
f(x) = x12 + x10 + η11x8 + x6 + η2x4 + η9x2,
where η is a primitive element of GF(16) satisfying η4 = η + 1.
In his 1975 paper Hall described a number of collineations of the plane which stabilized the Lunelli-Sce hyperoval, but did not show that they generated the full automorphism group of this hyperoval. using properties of a related generalized quadrangle, showed that the automorphism group could be no larger than the group given by Hall. independently gave a constructive proof of this result and also showed that in Desarguesian planes, the Lunelli-Sce hyperoval is the unique irregular hyperoval (non-hyperconic) admitting a transitive automorphism group (and that the only hyperconics admitting such a group are those of orders 2 and 4).
reproved Hall's classification result without the use of a computer. Their argument consists of finding an upper bound on the number of o-polynomials defined over GF(16) and then, by examining the possible automorphism groups of hyperovals in this plane, showing that if a hyperoval other than the known ones existed in this plane then the upper bound would be exceeded.
provides a group-theoretic construction of the Lunelli-Sce hyperoval as the union of orbits of the group generated by the elations of PGU(3,4) considered as a subgroup of PGL(3,16). Also included in this paper is a discussion of some remarkable
properties concerning the intersections of Lunelli-Sce hyperovals and hyperconics. In it is shown that the Lunelli-Sce hyperoval is the first non-trivial member of theSubiaco family (see also ). In it is shown to be the first non-trivial member of the Adelaide family.
PG(2,32)
Since h = 5 is odd, a number of the known families have a representative here, but due to the small
size of the plane there are some spurious equivalences, in fact, each of the Glynn type hyperovals is
projectively equivalent to a translation hyperoval, and the Payne hyperoval is projectively equivalent to the Subiaco hyperoval (this does not occur in larger planes). Specifically, there are three classes of (monomial type) hyperovals, the hyperconics (f(t) = t2), proper translation hyperovals (f(t) = t4) and the Segre hyperovals (f(t) = t6). There are also classes corresponding to the Payne hyperovals and the Cherowitzo hyperovals (for
more details see . In the collineation
groups stabilizing each of these hyperovals have been determined. Note that in the original determination of the collineation group for the Payne hyperovals the case of q = 32 had to be treated separately and relied heavily on computer results. In an alternative version of the proof is given which does not
depend on computer computations.
In 1991, O'Keefe and Penttila discovered a new hyperoval in this plane by means of a detailed
investigation of the divisibility properties of the orders of automorphism groups of hypothetical
hyperovals . One of its o-polynomials is given by:
f(x) = x4 + x16 + x28 + η11(x6 + x10 + x14 + x18 + x22 + x26) + η20(x8 + x20) + η6(x12 + x24),
where η is a primitive root of GF(32) satisfying η5 = η2 + 1. The full automorphism group of this hyperoval has order 3.
cleverly structured an exhaustive computer search for all hyperovals in this plane. The result was that the above listing is complete, there are just six classes of hyperovals in PG(2,32).
PG(2,64)
By extending the ideas in to PG(2,64), were able to search for hyperovals whose automorphism group admitted a collineation of order 5. They found two and showed that no other
hyperoval exists in this plane that has such an automorphism. This settled affirmatively a long open question of B. Segre who wanted to know if there were any hyperovals in this plane besides the hyperconics. The hyperovals are:
f(x) = x8 + x12 + x20 + x22 + x42
+ x52 + η21(x4+x10+x14+x16+x30+x38+x44+x48+x54+x56+x58+x60+x62) + η42(x2 + x6 + x26 + x28 + x32 + x36 + x40),
which has an automorphism group of order 15, and
f(x) = x24 + x30 + x62 + η21(x4 +x8+x10+x14+x16+x34+x38 +x40 +x44+x46+x52+x54+x58+x60) + η42(x6+ x12+ x18+ x20+ x26+ x32 + x36+ x42+ x48+x50),
which has an automorphism group of order 60, where η is a primitive element of GF(64) satisfying η6 = η + 1. In it is shown that these are Subiaco hyperovals. By refining the computer search program, extended the search to hyperovals admitting an automorphism of order 3, and found the hyperoval:
f(x) = x4 + x8 + x14 + x34 + x42 + x48 + x62 + η21(x6+x16 +x26+x28+x30+x32+x40+x58) + η42(x10 + x18 + x24 + x36 + x44 + x50 + x52+ x60),
which has an automorphism group of order 12 (η is a primitive element of GF(64) as above). This hyperoval is the first distinct Adelaide hyperoval.
Penttila and Royle have shown that any other hyperoval in this plane would have to have a trivial automorphism group. This would mean that there would be many projectively equivalent copies of such a hyperoval, but general searches to date have found none, giving credence to the conjecture that there are no others in this plane.
Abstract ovals
Following (Bue1966), an abstract oval, also called a B-oval, of order is a pair where is a set of elements, called points, and is a set of involutions acting on in a sharply quasi 2-transitive way, that is, for any two with for , there exists exactly one with and .
Any oval embedded in a projective plane of order might be endowed with a structure of an abstract oval of the same order. The converse is, in general, not true for ; indeed, for there are two abstract ovals which may not be embedded in a projective plane, see (Fa1984).
When is even, a similar construction yields abstract hyperovals, see (Po1997): an abstract hyperoval of order is a pair where is a set of elements and is a set of fixed-point free involutions acting on such that for any set of four distinct elements
there is exactly one with .
See also
Ovoid (projective geometry)
Notes
References
External links
Bill Cherowitzo's Hyperoval Page
Projective geometry
Incidence geometry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval%20%28projective%20plane%29 |
Christian Richardson (born 22 March 1972), known professionally as Robin Banks, is a TV presenter, narrator and radio DJ originally from Kilkenny, Ireland.
Career
He was the narrator of the British/European version of the popular Discovery Channel show MythBusters, from season 2 to the present day. He has worked as a reporter for the Bravo television show Bravado. He has also presented shows for the BBC, Channel 4, Sky1, Living, on London's Kiss 100 and has reportedly presented several guest shows on Galaxy FM. He has previously had radio shows on Radio Nova, Atlantic 252, Virgin Radio, Beat 106 and Xfm.
On 16 June 2008, Robin Banks joined Leicester radio station Leicester Sound to host the weekday 6am10am breakfast show, but was let go due to financial constraints.
On 1 September 2008, Banks appeared on Dragons' Den, under his real name, Christian Richardson, to pitch for investment in the eco-friendly packaging suppliers Tiny Box Company that he helped set up. He and his business partner Rachel Watkyn secured an investment of £60,000 (more than they asked for) from Dragons Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones.
On 7 March 2009, Robin Banks made a post on Discovery Channel UK forums revealing that he will shortly return as the series narrator for MythBusters. He mentioned that it would not be possible without fans supporting him, thus wanting him back. He has narrated MythBusters for 6 series in the UK, Europe and Asia.
From March 2010 he also narrates Dirty Jobs for Discovery Channel. Banks presented the weekday evening show for Orion Media's network of West Midlands stations (BRMB, Beacon, Mercia and Wyvern). He left the company in July 2011.
Banks offers Radio Coaching (coaches worldwide), runs Radio Workshops and has consulted for a number of businesses.
Between November 2012 and October 2013 he was the Programme Director at Star Radio North East. He has moved onto new projects after fulfilling his brief to revamp the station and improve its audience figures.
At the beginning of March 2014 he joined Jack FM Berkshire, the relaunched Reading 107, to front the breakfast show.
From September 2016, Banks is working as content director with Hi FM in Oman, including presenting the weekday breakfast show. He is also responsible for all output.
In the early 2020s, he was one of the presenting team for UMG's range of Now and Clubland branded music television channels alongside Pat Sharp, Simon Bates and Mark Goodier. Programmes he narrated for the channels included Antiques Rockshow with Robin Banks for Now 90s and Robin's 50 Dead Catchy Choruses! for Clubland.
References
External links
RobinBanks.com
1972 births
Living people
Irish DJs
Irish radio presenters
Irish television presenters
Broadcasters from County Kilkenny
Radio personalities from the Republic of Ireland
Irish expatriates
Expatriates in Oman | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Banks |
Steven Bernard Buechele (born September 26, 1961) is an American former Major League Baseball third baseman, coach, and current front office executive for the Texas Rangers. Buechele played from to for the Texas Rangers, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Chicago Cubs. He joined the Rangers in after he was named the Tom Grieve Minor League Player of the Year. He was traded from the Rangers to the Pirates in following the emergence of Dean Palmer. He returned to the Rangers for an eighth season in .
Playing career
Buechele was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in 1979 but did not sign. He was drafted again in 1982 by the Texas Rangers and spent several years in the minor leagues before breaking into the majors in 1985 with the Rangers. He had a career year in when he had a batting average of .267 along with 18 home runs and 66 RBI while only committing three errors for an MLB-record .991 fielding percentage at third base. Although he did not fare as well in 31 games with the Pirates, hitting just .246, he still finished the year with career highs in hits, home runs, slugging percentage, RBI, and runs scored. He also made his only postseason appearances, hitting .304 for Pittsburgh in the 1991 National League Championship Series against the Atlanta Braves.
Buechele's career stats include 137 home runs, 547 RBI, and a .971 fielding percentage. Throughout his career, Buechele was known for hitting solo home runs.
Buechele ranks 12th in Rangers' club history for total games with 889 games played and 16th for at-bats (2723). Additionally, the 25 times he was hit by a pitch is the 13th highest in Rangers' franchise history and his 73 grounded into double plays is the 14th highest. In Rangers' fielding stats, he is 21st (2476) in total chances, 7th (1675) in assists, 15th (66) in errors, and 33rd (165) in double plays. He was a candidate for the Texas Rangers Baseball Hall of Fame in 2005 and 2006.
Post-playing career
Buechele continues to be a part of the professional baseball world, including serving as one of the hosts and coaches for the Texas Rangers 2006 Media Spring Training. In August 2008, Buechele began to serve as a studio commentator for the Ranger's pre and post-game shows on Fox Sports Southwest. He was the first base coach for the Texas Rangers from 2015 to 2018.
On November 14, 2018, it was announced that Buechele would be moving from his role as the first base coach, to be a special assistant in the baseball operations department of the Texas Rangers front office.
Personal life
Steve graduated from Servite High School (Anaheim, CA) in 1979. Steve and his wife Nancy currently reside in Arlington, Texas. They have five children. His eldest son Garrett played baseball for the University of Oklahoma and was drafted by the San Francisco Giants 14th round of the 2011 Major League Baseball Draft, and his middle son Tanner played baseball for Fullerton College. Steve has two daughters, Jordan and Amber, both of whom attend the University of Oklahoma. His youngest son, Shane, attended Texas and SMU where he played quarterback for the Mustangs. In 2021 he was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Kansas City Chiefs.
At Stanford University, his roommate was Hall of Fame quarterback John Elway. He is a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Baseball players from Lancaster, California
Major League Baseball third basemen
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Texas Rangers executives
Texas Rangers coaches
Texas Rangers players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Chicago Cubs players
Minor league baseball managers
Tulsa Drillers players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
American Association (1902–1997) MVP Award winners
Servite High School alumni
Stanford Cardinal baseball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Buechele |
This is a complete list of Scottish Statutory Instruments in 2000.
1-100
Seeds (Fees) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/1)
Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Control Measures) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/7)
Potatoes Originating in Egypt (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/8)
Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000 (Commencement) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/10)
Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000 (Transitional, Transitory and Saving Provisions) (No. 1) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/11)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) Partial Revocation (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/13)
Food (Animal Products from Belgium) (Emergency Control) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/15)
Animal Feedingstuffs from Belgium (Control) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/16)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) Partial Revocation (No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/17)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) Revocation (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/18)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (East Coast) (No. 3) Revocation (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/19)
Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Satellite Monitoring Measures) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/20)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) Partial Revocation (No. 3) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/21)
Pesticides (Maximum Residue Levels in Crops, Food and Feeding Stuffs) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/22)
National Health Service (Vocational Training for General Medical Practice) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/23)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) Partial Revocation (No. 4) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/24)
Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Measures for the Recovery of the Stock of Irish Sea Cod) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/26)
National Health Service (General Medical Services) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/28)
Act of Sederunt (Messengers-at-Arms and Sheriff Officers Rules) (Amendment) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/30)
Scrabster (Inner Harbour Development) Harbour Revision Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/32)
Housing Revenue Account General Fund Contribution Limits (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/33)
Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Quota and Third Country Fishing Measures) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/34)
Food (Peanuts from Egypt) (Emergency Control) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/35)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) Partial Revocation (No. 5) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/36)
Health Act 1999 (Commencement No. 7) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/38)
Non-Domestic Rate (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/39)
Local Government Finance (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/40)
National Health Service (Dental Charges) (Scotland) AmendmentRegulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/44)
National Health Service (Optical Charges and Payments) (Scotland)Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/45)
Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000 (Transitional, Transitory and Saving Provisions) (No. 2) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/46)
Health Technology Board for Scotland Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/47)
Commissioner for Local Administration in Scotland (Expenses) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/48)
Charities (Exemption from Accounting Requirements) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/49)
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/50)
Commissioner for Local Administration in Scotland (Designation) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/51)
Dairy Produce Quotas Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/52)
Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Conservation Measures) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/53)
National Health Service (Clinical Negligence and Other Risks Indemnity Scheme) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/54)
Non-Domestic Rating (Unoccupied Property) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/55)
Valuation for Rating (Decapitalisation Rate) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/56)
Non-Domestic Rating (Rural Areas and Rateable Value Limits) (Scotland) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/57)
Valuation for Rating (Plant and Machinery) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/58)
Disabled Persons (Badges for Motor Vehicles) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/59)
Local Authorities' Traffic Orders (Exemptions for Disabled Persons) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/60)
Meat (Hygiene and Inspection) (Charges) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/61)
Food Standards Act 1999 (Transitional and Consequential Provisions and Savings) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/62)
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Procedure Rules Amendment) (Miscellaneous) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/65)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment) (Miscellaneous) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/66)
Registered Establishments (Fees) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/67)
Census (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/68)
Scotland Act 1998 (Transitory and Transitional Provisions) (Appropriations) Amendment (Scotland) Order 2000 69)
Police Grant (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/73)
Local Government Pension Scheme (Management and Investment of Funds) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/74)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) Partial Revocation (No. 6) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/75)
Valuation Timetable (Scotland) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/76)
Local Government (Discretionary Payments and Injury Benefits) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/77)
National Lottery etc. Act 1993 (Amendment of Section 23) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/78)
National Health Service (Travelling Expenses and Remission of Charges) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/79)
National Assistance (Sums for Personal Requirements) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/80)
Crab Claws (Prohibition of Landing) Revocation (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/81)
Undersized Whiting (Revocation) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/82)
Genetically Modified and Novel Foods (Labelling) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/83)
BG Transco plc (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/85)
Electricity Generators (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/86)
Electricity Generators (Aluminium) (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/87)
Electricity Lands (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/88)
Train Operating Companies (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/89)
Water Undertakings (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/90)
Railtrack plc (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/91)
Non-Domestic Rates (Levying) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/92)
Food Safety (General Food Hygiene) (Butchers' Shops) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/93)
Environmental Protection (Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and other Dangerous Substances) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/95)
Designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/96)
Air Quality (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/97)
Housing Support Grant (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/98)
Radioactive Substances (Basic Safety Standards) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/100)
101-200
Road Traffic Reduction Act 1997 (Commencement) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/101)
Census (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/102)
Civil Legal Aid (Financial Conditions) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/107)
Advice and Assistance (Financial Conditions) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/108)
Advice and Assistance (Assistance by Way of Representation) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/109)
Repayment of Student Loans (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/110)
Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (Scotland) (Commencement No.6) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/111)
Divorce etc. (Pensions) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/112)
National Health Service Trusts (Originating Capital) (Scotland)Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/113)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 2) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/118)
Right to Purchase (Application Form) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/120)
European Communities (Lawyer's Practice) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/121)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 7) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/125)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 8) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/127)
Smoke Control Areas (Authorised Fuels) (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/129)
Foods for Special Medical Purposes (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/130)
Colours in Food (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/131)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Oil and Chemical Pollution of Fish) (No. 2) Order 1993 Revocation (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/132)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 9) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/137)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No. 2) (Fees of Shorthand Writers) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/143)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No. 3) (Appeals from the Competition Commission) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/144)
Act of Sederunt (Fees of Shorthand Writers in the Sheriff Court) (Amendment) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/145)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 10) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/146)
Act of Sederunt (Summary Applications, Statutory Applications and Appeals etc. Rules) Amendment 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/148)
Children (Protection at Work) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/149)
Town and Country Planning (Fees for Applications and Deemed Applications) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/150)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (North Coast) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/156)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/157)
Animal Feedingstuffs from Belgium (Control) (Scotland) Revocation Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/158)
Food (Animal Products from Belgium) (Emergency Control) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/159)
Council Tax (Administration and Enforcement) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/166)
Transport of Animals (Cleansing and Disinfection) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/167)
National Health Service (Clinical Negligence and Other Risks Indemnity Scheme) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/168)
Sulphur Content of Liquid Fuels (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/169)
Disabled Persons (Badges for Motor Vehicles) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/170)
Meat (Enhanced Enforcement Powers) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/171)
Census (Scotland) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/172)
Loch Moidart, North Channel, Scallop Several Fishery (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/173)
Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (Licensing of Houses in Multiple Occupation) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/177)
Contaminated Land (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/178)
Planning (Control of Major-Accident Hazards) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/179)
Environment Act 1995 (Commencement No. 17 and Savings Provision) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/180)
Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/181)
Civil Legal Aid (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/182)
Community Care (Direct Payments) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/183)
Bovines and Bovine Products (Trade) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/184)
Environmental Protection (Waste Recycling Payments) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/185)
Discontinuance of Prisons (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/186)
Prisons and Young Offenders Institutions (Scotland) Amendment Rules 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/187)
National Health Service (General Dental Services) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/188)
Debtors (Scotland) Act 1987 (Amendment) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/189)
National Health Service (General Medical Services) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/190)
National Health Service (Choice of Medical Practitioner) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/191)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/192)
Police Pensions (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/193)
Census (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/194)
Education (Assisted Places) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/195)
St Mary's Music School (Aided Places) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/196)
Undersized Lobsters (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/197)
Undersized Spider Crabs (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/198)
Local Government Pension Scheme (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/199)
Education (Student Loans) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/200)
201-300
Seed Potatoes (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/201)
National Health Service (Professions Supplementary to Medicine) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/202)
Local Government (Exemption from Competition) (Scotland) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/206)
Local Authorities (Goods and Services) (Public Bodies) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/207)
Local Government Act 1988 (Competition) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/208)
Processed Cereal-based Foods and Baby Foods for Infants and Young Children Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/214)
Suckler Cow Premium Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/215)
Animals and Animal Products (Import and Export) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/216)
Infant Formula and Follow-on Formula Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/217)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/222)
Adoption (Intercountry Aspects) Act 1999 (Commencement No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/223)
National Health Service (Functions of the Common Services Agency) (Scotland) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/224)
Prohibition of Fishing with Multiple Trawls (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/226)
Sea Fish (Specified Sea Areas) (Regulation of Nets and Other Fishing Gear) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/227)
Undersized Edible Crabs (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/228)
Tetrachloroethylene in Olive Oil (Scotland) Revocation Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/229)
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Ardveenish) Harbour Revision Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/233)
West of Scotland Water Authority (Dalmally, River Strae) Water Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/236)
West of Scotland Water Authority (Eredine, Allt Garbh) Water Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/237)
Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (Scotland) (Commencement No. 8) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/238)
Act of Sederunt (Sheriff Court Ordinary Cause Rules Amendment) (Miscellaneous) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/239)
Education (Student Loans) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/240)
Beet Seeds (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/246)
Fodder Plant Seeds (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/247)
Cereal Seeds (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/248)
Oil and Fibre Plant Seeds (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/249)
Vegetable Seeds (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/250)
Standards in Scotland's Schools etc. Act 2000 (Commencement No. 1) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/258)
Council Tax (Administration and Enforcement) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/261)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 3) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/266)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/267)
Electricity Lands and Water Undertakings (Rateable Values)(Scotland) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/284)
Docks and Harbours (Rateable Values) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/285)
Protection of Wrecks (Designation) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/287)
Meat (Disease Control) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/288)
Associated British Ports (Troon) Harbour Revision Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/289)
Farm Woodland Premium Scheme Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/290)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning) (West Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/291)
Education and Training (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/292)
Education (Listed Bodies) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/293)
West of Scotland Water Authority (Craighouse, Abhainn a'Mhinisteir) Water Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/294)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 4) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/295)
Standards in Scotland's Schools etc. Act 2000 (Commencement No. 2 and Transitional Provisions) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/298)
Export of Pigs, Porcine Material and Bovine Animals (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/300)
301-400
Human Rights Act 1998 (Jurisdiction) (Scotland) Rules 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/301)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 3) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/303)
Budget (Scotland) Act 2000 (Amendment) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/307)
General Medical Council (Legal Assessors) Amendment (Scotland) Rules 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/308)
Food Irradiation Provisions (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/309)
West of Scotland Water Authority (Lochnaw) Ordinary Drought Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/310)
National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000 (Commencement) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/312)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/313)
Act of Sederunt (Evidence of Judgments etc.) (Human Rights Act 1998) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/314)
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Procedure Rules Amendment No. 2) (Human Rights Act 1998) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/315)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No. 6) (Human Rights Act 1998) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/316)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No. 5) (Public Interest Intervention in Judicial Review) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/317)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 3) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/318)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No. 4) (Applications under s. 1 of the Administration of Justice (Scotland) Act 1972) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/319)
Electricity Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/320)
Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 (Commencement No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/322)
Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/323)
Diseases of Fish (Control) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/330)
National Health Service Trusts (Originating Capital) (Scotland) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/337)
Land Registration (Scotland) Act 1979 (Commencement No. 14) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/338)
Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Notification of Authorisations etc.) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/340)
Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 (Commencement) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/341)
Education and Training (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/342)
Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Prescription of Offices, Ranks and Positions) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/343)
Specified Risk Material Order Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/344)
Specified Risk Material Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/345)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 2) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/346)
Agricultural Subsidies (Appeals) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/347)
National Health Service (General Dental Services) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/352)
Borders General Hospital National Health Service Trust (Establishment) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/353)
Dumfries and Galloway Acute and Maternity Hospitals National Health Service Trust (Establishment) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/354)
Yorkhill National Health Service Trust (Establishment) Amendment Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/355)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 4) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/359)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (East Coast) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/360)
Standards in Scotland's Schools etc. Act 2000 (Commencement No. 3 and Transitional Provisions) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/361)
Brucellosis (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/364)
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/365)
Teachers' Superannuation (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/366)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 3) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/369)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (East Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/370)
Gaming Clubs (Hours) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/371)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 3) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/372)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 3) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/378)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (East Coast) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/381)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 3) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/382)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 4) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/383)
Act of Sederunt (Summary Applications, Statutory Applications and Appeals etc. Rules) Amendment (No. 2) (Administration of Justice (Scotland) Act 1972) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/387)
Act of Sederunt (Child Care and Maintenance Rules) Amendment 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/388)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 4) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/389)
Adoption (Intercountry Aspects) Act 1999 (Commencement No. 4) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/390)
Dairy Produce Quotas Amendment (No. 2) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/391)
Divorce etc. (Pensions) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/392)
Potatoes Originating in Egypt (Amendment) (No. 2) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/393)
National Health Service (General Dental Services) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 3) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/394)
National Health Service (Optical Charges and Payments) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/395)
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/396)
Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/399)
401-453
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (East Coast) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/402)
Local Authorities (Goods and Services) (Public Bodies) (No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/403)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 4) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/404)
Prohibition of Fishing with Multiple Trawls (No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/405)
Education (Provision of Information as to Schools) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/406)
Education (School and Placing Information) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/407)
Act of Sederunt (Ordinary Cause Rules) Amendment (No. 2) (Pension Sharing on Divorce etc.) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/408)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 5) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/409)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No. 7) (Pension Sharing on Divorce etc.) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/412)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/413)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) (Orkney) (No. 4) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/414)
Sheep and Goats Identification (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/418)
Act of Sederunt (Fees of Sheriff Officers) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/419)
Act of Sederunt (Fees of Solicitors in the Sheriff Court) (Amendment) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/420)
Act of Sederunt (Fees of Messengers-At-Arms) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/421)
Train Operating Companies (Rateable Values) (Scotland) (No. 2) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/424)
Local Statutory Provisions (Postponement from Repeal) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/425)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 6) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/428)
Common Agricultural Policy Support Schemes (Modulation) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/429)
Financial Assistance for Environmental Purposes (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/430)
Plastic Materials and Articles in Contact with Food (Amendment) (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/431)
Control of Pollution (Registers) and (Consent for Discharges) (Secretary of State Functions) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/432)
Environment Act 1995 (Commencement No. 19) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/433)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/434)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning) (West Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 5) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/435)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic ShellfishPoisoning) (East Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Partial Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/436)
Divorce etc. (Pensions) (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/438)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (East Coast) (No. 2) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/440)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (Scotland) Partial Revocation (No. 2) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/441)
Welfare of Farmed Animals (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/442)
Education (National Priorities) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/443)
Teachers' Superannuation (Additional Voluntary Contributions) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/444)
Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Commencement No. 6) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/445)
Food Protection (Emergency Prohibitions) (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) (West Coast) (No. 5) (Scotland) Revocation Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/446)
Births, Deaths, Marriages and Divorces (Fees) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/447)
Agricultural Business Development Scheme (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/448)
Fresh Meat (Beef Controls) (No. 2) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/449)
Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session Amendment No. 8) (Fees of Solicitors) 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/450)
Producer Responsibility Obligations (packaging waste) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/451)
Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000 (Commencement No. 2) (Scotland) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/452)
Feeding Stuffs (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/453)
External links
Scottish Statutory Instrument List
Scottish Draft Statutory Instrument List
2000
Statutory Instruments
Scotland Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20Scotland%2C%202000 |
This is a list of notable IFK Göteborg footballers. Generally, this means players that have played more than 300 matches in total for the club, although some exceptional players who have played fewer matches are also included. For a list of all IFK Göteborg players with a Wikipedia article, see the IFK Göteborg players' category. Players are listed according to total number of games played. Substitute appearances included.
Key
GK — Goalkeeper
DF — Defender
MF — Midfielder
FW — Forward
References
Notes
Goteborg, IFK
Association football player non-biographical articles
IFK Göteborg players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20IFK%20G%C3%B6teborg%20players |
Katwoude is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and lies on the coast of the IJsselmeer, about 2 km north of Monnickendam.
The village was first mentioned in 1310 as "lant van Kattwoude". Even though there is a cat in the shield dating from 1566, it is not related to the animal. The name of the village refers to a swamp forest (-woude) that grew on kattige soil. This refers to the poor, lumpy peat soil around Katwoude.
Katwoude was home to 182 people in 1840. It used to be a separate municipality between 1817 and 1991, when it became part of Waterland. Katwoude used to share a mayor with Monnickendam.
The hamlet Zedde is part of Katwoude.
Gallery
References
Populated places in North Holland
Former municipalities of North Holland
Waterland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katwoude |
(born 1962) is a Japanese classical pianist, based in London.
Biography
Born in Kawasaki, Ogawa studied at the Tokyo College of Music (1977–80) and the Juilliard School in New York (1981–5), and later with Benjamin Kaplan.
Career
After coming in second in a Japanese music competition in 1984, Ogawa attained third prize in the 1987 Leeds International Piano Competition, which launched her international performing career. Her New York début came in 1982, and her London début in 1988.
Since 1997 Ogawa has been an exclusive recording artist for BIS Records. She has collaborated in a piano duo with British pianist Kathryn Stott since 2001, and the two women have recorded works by Delius for BIS Records. In 2003, they gave the first performance of Graham Fitkin's Circuit. She also has a longstanding collaboration with clarinetist Michael Collins.
Ogawa is noted for recording the piano concertos of Alexander Tcherepnin with conductor Lan Shui and the Singapore Symphony Orchestra.
Ogawa worked closely with Japanese composer Tōru Takemitsu, and appeared as an advocate for his music on the BBC World News classical music programme, Visionaries, in September 2008.
In 2011 she concluded a complete series of Debussy recordings and a new Mozart disc for BIS Records. Her Debussy discs have won the Editor's Choice of Gramophone Magazine, as well as Takemitsu recording.
Ogawa regularly commissions new works and has performed premieres of works by composers of contemporary classical music, such as Yoshihiro Kanno or Dai Fujikura.
Ogawa teaches at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama (Professor of Piano) in London, and at the Tokyo College of Music (visiting Professor) in Tokyo.
Humanitarian work
Ogawa has been involved in fundraising for relief and rebuilding efforts following the March 2011 Japanese earthquake.
She serves as a Cultural Ambassador for the National Autistic Society, performing concerts for the parents of autistic children. She calls this concert series "Jamie's concerts", after the severely autistic son of two musician friends with whom she lived in London and whom she supported as they learned to diagnose and then cope with the disorder, saying: "I am not a doctor, I’m not a nurse, I’m not a teacher for someone with special needs, but I am a musician. What I realised is that I can do something – I can play concerts that give people like Jamie’s parents a break and an opportunity to meet other people who care for autistic children".
References
External links
Official home page
Japanese classical pianists
Japanese women pianists
Academics of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Prize-winners of the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition
Juilliard School alumni
Musicians from London
Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom
Musicians from Kawasaki, Kanagawa
1962 births
Living people
Women classical pianists
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century English women musicians
21st-century women pianists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noriko%20Ogawa%20%28pianist%29 |
The 1994 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 46th season of NASCAR professional stock car racing in the United States and the 23rd modern-era Cup series. The season began on Sunday, February 20, and ended on Sunday, November 13. Dale Earnhardt of Richard Childress Racing was crowned champion at season's end, winning consecutive Winston Cups for the third time in his career and tying Richard Petty for the record of most top-level NASCAR championships with seven. It was also the 7th and final NASCAR Winston Cup Series Championship for Dale Earnhardt before his death 7 years later in 2001; this was also the final season for 18-time Winston Cup winner Harry Gant.
One of the highlights of the season occurred on August 6, when the NASCAR Winston Cup Series made a highly publicized first visit to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for the inaugural Brickyard 400. This season also marked the end of the second of two tire wars, as Hoosier left NASCAR after the season-ending Atlanta race, leaving Goodyear as the series' exclusive tire distributor.
The season was marred with tragedy, as Neil Bonnett and Rodney Orr were killed in separate practice crashes prior to the Daytona 500 and in August at Michigan International Speedway when Ernie Irvan suffered near fatal injuries due to a practice crash.
Teams and drivers
Complete schedule
Limited schedule
Schedule
Races
Busch Clash
The Busch Clash was held February 13 at Daytona International Speedway. Ken Schrader drew for the pole.
24-Jeff Gordon
26-Brett Bodine
3-Dale Earnhardt
28-Ernie Irvan
6-Mark Martin
42-Kyle Petty
11-Bill Elliott
25-Ken Schrader
2-Rusty Wallace
33-Harry Gant
Two days earlier, during practice, Neil Bonnett died of massive head injuries after his car had a tire failure in turn 3 and hit the wall head-on.
The day after this race, Rodney Orr died of massive head and chest injuries after his car lifted at over 175 mph and slammed into the outside retaining wall and catch fence, with the caution light piercing through the roof.
Gatorade 125s
The Gatorade 125s, the qualifying races for the Daytona 500, were held February 19 at Daytona International Speedway.
Race one: top ten results
28-Ernie Irvan
2-Rusty Wallace
6-Mark Martin
5-Terry Labonte
75-Todd Bodine
25-Ken Schrader
14-John Andretti
97-Chad Little
54-Robert Pressley
27-Jimmy Spencer
Race two: top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt
4-Sterling Marlin
24-Jeff Gordon
11-Bill Elliott
26-Brett Bodine
21-Morgan Shepherd
30-Michael Waltrip
98-Derrike Cope
43-Wally Dallenbach Jr.
10-Ricky Rudd
Daytona 500
The Daytona 500 was held in Daytona International Speedway. Loy Allen Jr. won the pole.
Top ten results
4-Sterling Marlin
28-Ernie Irvan
5-Terry Labonte
24-Jeff Gordon
21-Morgan Shepherd
77-Greg Sacks
3-Dale Earnhardt
10-Ricky Rudd
11-Bill Elliott
25-Ken Schrader
Sterling Marlin becomes the 5th driver to score his first career win in the Daytona 500.
First career win in 279 starts for Sterling Marlin after finishing 2nd 8 times, tying Bill Elliott for most 2nd-place finishes before 1st career win.
This was the first points Cup race when cars were mandated to have roof flaps after Rusty Wallace had violently flipped at both Daytona & Talladega in 1993.
Goodwrench 500
The Goodwrench 500 was held February 27 at North Carolina Speedway. The No. 7 of Geoff Bodine was on the pole.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
4-Sterling Marlin
1-Rick Mast
6-Mark Martin, 1 lap down
28-Ernie Irvan, 1 lap down
26-Brett Bodine, 1 lap down
3-Dale Earnhardt, 1 lap down
42-Kyle Petty, 2 laps down
25-Ken Schrader, 3 laps down
30-Michael Waltrip, 3 laps down
Failed to qualify: 31-Ward Burton, 48-James Hylton, 99-Danny Sullivan, 61-Rick Carelli, 95-Jeremy Mayfield, 48-Jerry Hill, 02-T. W. Taylor
Jerry Hill may have made a second attempt for James Hylton's entry.
Pontiac Excitement 400
The Pontiac Excitement 400 was held March 6 at Richmond International Raceway. The No. 16 of Ted Musgrave won the pole.
Top ten results
28-Ernie Irvan
2-Rusty Wallace
24-Jeff Gordon
3-Dale Earnhardt
42-Kyle Petty
6-Mark Martin
1-Rick Mast
26-Brett Bodine
5-Terry Labonte*
18-Dale Jarrett, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 19-Loy Allen Jr., 45-Rich Bickle, 71-Dave Marcis, 43-Wally Dallenbach Jr., 23-Hut Stricklin, 47-Billy Standridge, 61-Rick Carelli, 02-T. W. Taylor, ??-Mike Wallace
Dave Marcis served as a broadcaster for TBS Sports after failing to qualify.
Terry Labonte started 37th (last) as he withdrew his time & took a champions provisional to allow Ricky Rudd to qualify on his time as Rudd's time would not have been fast enough and his new team had no owners points from the previous season and he would not have been eligible for a provisional. Rudd would finish 2 laps down in 18th.
For the first time since 1989 when the team failed to qualify for four races, Petty Enterprises would fail to qualify for a race. This would be the first of six times with driver Wally Dallenbach Jr. the team would fail to qualify in 1994.
Purolator 500
The Purolator 500 was held March 13 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. The No. 19 of Loy Allen Jr. won the pole after failing to qualify at the previous race.
Top ten results
28-Ernie Irvan
21-Morgan Shepherd
17-Darrell Waltrip
8-Jeff Burton
6-Mark Martin, 1 lap down
15-Lake Speed, 1 lap down
77-Greg Sacks, 1 lap down
24-Jeff Gordon, 2 laps down
10-Ricky Rudd, 2 laps down
27-Jimmy Spencer, 2 laps down
Failed to qualify: 43-Wally Dallenbach Jr., 20-Buddy Baker, 61-Rick Carelli, 47-Billy Standridge, 89-Jim Sauter, 80-Jimmy Horton, 99-Danny Sullivan, 95-Jeremy Mayfield
First career top 5 for Jeff Burton.
Final time in his career that Ernie Irvan would win back-to-back races.
For the second consecutive race, Petty Enterprises would fail to qualify.
TranSouth Financial 400
The TranSouth Financial 400 was held March 27 at Darlington Raceway. Bill Elliott won the pole.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt
6-Mark Martin
11-Bill Elliott
18-Dale Jarrett
15-Lake Speed
28-Ernie Irvan
25-Ken Schrader
33-Harry Gant, 1 lap down
10-Ricky Rudd, 1 lap down
16-Ted Musgrave, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 19-Loy Allen Jr., 61-Rick Carelli, 47-Billy Standridge, 02-Curtis Markham, 57-Bob Schacht, 84-Norm Benning, 36-H. B. Bailey, 59-Andy Belmont
Food City 500
The Food City 500 was held April 10 at Bristol International Raceway. The No. 12 of Chuck Bown won the pole.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt
25-Ken Schrader
15-Lake Speed
7-Geoff Bodine, 1 lap down
30-Michael Waltrip, 3 laps down
22-Bobby Labonte, 4 laps down
2-Rusty Wallace, 6 laps down
4-Sterling Marlin, 9 laps down
40-Bobby Hamilton, 12 laps down
71-Dave Marcis*, 14 laps down
Failed to qualify (or "Watching on TV" as said on ESPN): 14-John Andretti, 55-Jimmy Hensley, 19-Loy Allen Jr., 95-Jeremy Mayfield, 52-Brad Teague
Several accidents (including one during green flag pit stops) caused the big gaps among the top ten cars.
Dave Marcis' final Top 10 finish.
Final time in his career that Dale Earnhardt would win back-to-back races.
First Union 400
The First Union 400 was held April 17 at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Ernie Irvan won the pole.
Top ten results
5-Terry Labonte
2-Rusty Wallace
28-Ernie Irvan
42-Kyle Petty
3-Dale Earnhardt
10-Ricky Rudd
7-Geoff Bodine, 1 lap down
33-Harry Gant, 1 lap down
25-Ken Schrader, 2 laps down
1-Rick Mast, 3 laps down
Failed to qualify (or "Seeing Granny" as said on ESPN): 29-Steve Grissom, 31-Ward Burton, 9-Rich Bickle, 41-Joe Nemechek, 19-Loy Allen Jr., 55-Jimmy Hensley, 90-Mike Wallace, 02-Curtis Markham, 52-Mike Skinner, 62-Freddie Query
This was Terry Labonte's first win since the 1989 Talladega DieHard 500 and his 1st victory for Hendrick Motorsports.
Hanes 500
The Hanes 500 was held April 24 at Martinsville Speedway. Rusty Wallace won the pole.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
28-Ernie Irvan
6-Mark Martin
17-Darrell Waltrip
21-Morgan Shepherd
75-Todd Bodine
12-Chuck Bown
1-Rick Mast, 1 lap down
11-Bill Elliott, 1 lap down
16-Ted Musgrave, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify (or "Gone hunting" on ESPN): 43-Wally Dallenbach Jr., 90-Mike Wallace, 71-Dave Marcis, 19-Loy Allen Jr., 02-Curtis Markham, 89-Jim Bown, 52-Mike Skinner, 33-Harry Gant
This would be the last race Harry Gant would ever fail to qualify for.
For the third time of 1994, Petty Enterprises would fail to qualify.
Winston Select 500
The Winston Select 500 was held May 1 at Talladega Superspeedway. Ernie Irvan won the pole.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt
28-Ernie Irvan
30-Michael Waltrip
27-Jimmy Spencer
25-Ken Schrader
77-Greg Sacks
15-Lake Speed
4-Sterling Marlin
21-Morgan Shepherd
29-Steve Grissom
Failed to qualify (or "Flipping burgers" on ESPN): 31-Ward Burton, 9-Rich Bickle, 80-Jimmy Horton, 89-Jim Sauter, 0-Delma Cowart, 53-Ritchie Petty, 02-Ronnie Sanders
During the race, a scary crash occurred just after halfway when Mark Martin's #6 car, without brakes, hit the inside retaining wall and crashed through two guardrails, through a catchfence and into a third guardrail. He was only slightly injured.
After the race, Earnhardt dedicated his win to fallen Formula One driver Ayrton Senna, who died earlier in the day at the San Marino Grand Prix.
Save Mart Supermarkets 300
The Save Mart Supermarkets 300 was held May 15 at Sears Point Raceway. Ernie Irvan won the pole.
Top ten results
28-Ernie Irvan
7-Geoff Bodine
3-Dale Earnhardt
43-Wally Dallenbach Jr.
2-Rusty Wallace
16-Ted Musgrave
21-Morgan Shepherd
6-Mark Martin
25-Ken Schrader
33-Harry Gant
Failed to qualify (or "Crushin' grapes", as referred to on ESPN): 52-Scott Gaylord, 55-Jimmy Hensley, 32-Dick Trickle, 48w-Jack Sellers, 19-Loy Allen Jr., 86w-Rich Woodland Jr.
The race was marred by a violent crash between Derrike Cope and John Krebs in which Krebs' #9 car went up and over an embankment and flipped over several times.
Coca-Cola 600
The Coca-Cola 600 was held May 29 at Charlotte Motor Speedway. Jeff Gordon won the pole.
Top ten results
24-Jeff Gordon
2-Rusty Wallace
7-Geoff Bodine
18-Dale Jarrett
28-Ernie Irvan
10-Ricky Rudd
33-Harry Gant, 1 lap down
75-Todd Bodine, 2 laps down
3-Dale Earnhardt, 3 laps down
30-Michael Waltrip, 3 laps down
Failed to qualify: 55-Jimmy Hensley, 71-Dave Marcis, 44-Bobby Hillin Jr., 89-Jim Sauter
This was Jeff Gordon's first Winston Cup victory. The 22-year-old driver benefited from all the wrecks that day along with only taking 2 tires on his final pit stop to score his first win. The rising young star cried in Victory Lane.
John Andretti, who finished 10th in the Indianapolis 500 earlier that day, finished the 600 in 36th. He became the first driver to run both races in the same day.
Budweiser 500
The Budweiser 500 was held June 5 at Dover Downs International Speedway. Ernie Irvan won the pole.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
28-Ernie Irvan
25-Ken Schrader
6-Mark Martin
24-Jeff Gordon
17-Darrell Waltrip, 1 lap down
30-Michael Waltrip, 1 lap down
4-Sterling Marlin, 2 laps down
23-Hut Stricklin, 2 laps down
43-Wally Dallenbach Jr., 3 laps down
Failed to qualify: 84-Norm Benning, 59-Andy Belmont
UAW-GM Teamwork 500
The UAW-GM Teamwork 500 was held June 12 at Pocono Raceway. Rusty Wallace won the pole.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
3-Dale Earnhardt
25-Ken Schrader
21-Morgan Shepherd
6-Mark Martin
24-Jeff Gordon
28-Ernie Irvan
26-Brett Bodine
1-Rick Mast
11-Bill Elliott
Failed to qualify: 47-Billy Standridge, 59-Andy Belmont
On lap 58 Chuck Bown was injured in a crash with Sterling Marlin and was out for the season.
This race would be the only Cup Series start for Bob Keselowski, driving the #52 Ford Thunderbird. Keselowski, father of 2012 champion Brad, would finish 41st after blowing an engine just 17 laps in.
Miller Genuine Draft 400
The Miller Genuine Draft 400 was held June 19 at Michigan International Speedway. The No. 19 of Loy Allen Jr. was on the pole.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
3-Dale Earnhardt
6-Mark Martin
10-Ricky Rudd
21-Morgan Shepherd
25-Ken Schrader
41-Joe Nemechek
30-Michael Waltrip
16-Ted Musgrave
17-Darrell Waltrip
Failed to qualify: 71-Dave Marcis, 90-Mike Wallace, 80-Jimmy Horton, 52-Brad Teague,
34-Bob Brevak, 47-Billy Standridge, 32-Dick Trickle, 36-H. B. Bailey, 61-Rick Carelli, 43-Wally Dallenbach Jr.
3rd consecutive victory for Rusty Wallace.
As of 2021, Rusty Wallace is the last driver to score 3 consecutive victories in back-to-back seasons. His 3 straight wins in 1993 were at Bristol, North Wilkesboro, and Martinsville. His 3 straight wins in 1994 were at Dover, Pocono, Michigan. Rusty Wallace is also the only driver to score 3 consecutive victories in back-to-back seasons driving for different manufacturers. Wallace drove a Pontiac to his 3 straight wins in 1993, and he drove a Ford Thunderbird to his 3 straight wins in 1994.
Tim Steele replaced the injured Chuck Bown in the No. 12 for Bobby Allison Motorsports. However he would fall out of the race after completing 61 of 200 laps due to a crash and finished 39th.
For the fourth time in 1994, Petty Enterprises would fail to qualify with driver Wally Dallenbach Jr.
Pepsi 400
The Pepsi 400 was held July 2 at Daytona International Speedway. Dale Earnhardt won the pole.
Top ten results
27-Jimmy Spencer
28-Ernie Irvan
3-Dale Earnhardt
6-Mark Martin
25-Ken Schrader
7-Geoff Bodine
75-Todd Bodine
24-Jeff Gordon
21-Morgan Shepherd
15-Lake Speed
Failed to qualify ("Flippin' burgers" as on ESPN): 52-Brad Teague, 20-Bobby Hillin Jr., 80-Joe Ruttman, 43-Wally Dallenbach Jr., 47-Billy Standridge, 0-Delma Cowart
Jimmy Spencer passed Ernie Irvan on the last lap (the only lap he led) to score his first Winston Cup win.
For the second race in a row, Petty Enterprises with driver Wally Dallenbach Jr. failed to qualify. It was the fifth race overall the team failed to qualify for in 1994. By now the rumors that were circulating wondered when Wally would be replaced, not if.
Slick 50 300
The Slick 50 300 was held July 10 at New Hampshire International Speedway. The No. 28 of Ernie Irvan was on the pole.
Top ten results
10-Ricky Rudd
3-Dale Earnhardt
2-Rusty Wallace
6-Mark Martin
75-Todd Bodine
21-Morgan Shepherd
16-Ted Musgrave
42-Kyle Petty
1-Rick Mast
4-Sterling Marlin
Failed to qualify: 19-Loy Allen Jr., 43-Wally Dallenbach Jr., 54-Robert Pressley, 62-Joe Bessey, 38-Jamie Aube
Ricky Rudd scored the first win for his own team, Rudd Performance Motorsports.
For the sixth and final time in 1994, Petty Enterprises with driver Wally Dallenbach Jr. failed to qualify. It was the third consecutive race the team failed to qualify for.
Miller Genuine Draft 500
The Miller Genuine Draft 500 was held July 17 at Pocono Raceway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.
Top ten results
7-Geoff Bodine
31-Ward Burton
41-Joe Nemechek
8-Jeff Burton
21-Morgan Shepherd
10-Ricky Rudd
3-Dale Earnhardt
24-Jeff Gordon, 1 lap down
2-Rusty Wallace, 1 lap down
18-Dale Jarrett, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 55-Jimmy Hensley, 32-Dick Trickle, 99-Phil Parsons, 65-Jerry O'Neil
This was Geoff Bodine's 1st points race victory as an owner/driver. He had won The Winston Select non-points race back in May.
DieHard 500
The DieHard 500 was held July 24 at Talladega Superspeedway. The No. 3 of Dale Earnhardt won the pole.
Top ten results
27-Jimmy Spencer
11-Bill Elliott
28-Ernie Irvan
25-Ken Schrader
4-Sterling Marlin
6-Mark Martin
10-Ricky Rudd
43-Wally Dallenbach Jr.
44-Kenny Wallace
5-Terry Labonte
Failed to qualify: 45-Rich Bickle, 32-Dick Trickle, 53-Ritchie Petty, 02-Derrike Cope, 31-Ward Burton, 95-Ben Hess, 47-Billy Standridge, 80-Joe Ruttman, 0-Delma Cowart, 89-Ronnie Sanders
Buzz Aldrin, one of the first humans to walk on the Moon, served as the grand marshal for this race; held four days after the 25th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission. Instead of the traditional command to start engines, he said "Drivers, energize your groundcraft."
Final Career Win for Jimmy Spencer.
Spencer's victory would also be the last for a car with primary sponsorship from McDonald's until the 2021 YellaWood 500 race, also at Talladega, when Bubba Wallace drove the McDonald's-sponsored #23 Toyota Camry to his first career victory.
Brickyard 400
The Inaugural Brickyard 400 was held August 6 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Rick Mast won the pole.
Top ten results
24-Jeff Gordon
26-Brett Bodine*
11-Bill Elliott
2-Rusty Wallace
3-Dale Earnhardt
17-Darrell Waltrip
25-Ken Schrader
30-Michael Waltrip
75-Todd Bodine
21-Morgan Shepherd
Failed to qualify (in order of speed): 39-Joe Ruttman, 32-Dick Trickle, 20-Randy LaJoie, 59-Jim Sauter, 29-Steve Grissom, 88-Davy Jones, 61w-Rick Carelli, 92w-John Krebs, 34-Bob Brevak, 60-Gary Bettenhausen, 52-Brad Teague, 90-Mike Wallace, 54-Robert Pressley, 81w-Jeff Davis, 57-Bob Schacht, 76w-Ron Hornaday Jr., 65-Jerry O'Neil, 00w-Scott Gaylord, 67-Ken Bouchard, 47-Billy Standridge, 12-Tim Steele, 36w-Rich Woodland Jr., 04w-Hershel McGriff, 56-Jerry Hill, 59-Andy Belmont, 36-H. B. Bailey, 84-Norm Benning, 58w-Wayne Jacks, 79-Doug French, 41w-Steve Sellers, 48 -James Hylton, 91w-Robert Sprague (crash), 95w-Lance Wade (spin), 09-Stan Fox (crash), 19-Loy Allen Jr. (crash), 48w-Jack Sellers (no speed)
Did not attempt: 0-Delma Cowart, 13-Kerry Teague, 38-P. J. Jones, 82-Charlie Glotzbach, 86w-Butch Gilliland, 95-Ben Hess, 90w-Joe Heath
Ernie Irvan was holding off Jeff Gordon up until 5 to go when his right front tire cut down and Gordon took the lead; Irvan would finish 1 lap down in 17th as a result.
Brett Bodine caused controversy on lap 101 when he spun out his older brother Geoff, who seemingly made the winning pass on Brett. After being released from the infield hospital, Geoff responded to the accident by publicly announcing that he and Brett were feuding behind-the-scenes. This was a feud that lasted for several years, ending with both brothers reconciling in the late-1990's (with Geoff joining Brett's team).
"Years from today, when 79 stock car races have been run here, we'll remember the name Jeff Gordon, winner of the inaugural Brickyard 400!" - Bob Jenkins as Jeff Gordon crossed the start/finish line to win the race
Jimmy Spencer was injured in a crash that relegated him to last place (forty third) and was forced to miss the next race.
The Bud at The Glen
The Bud at The Glen was held August 14 at Watkins Glen International. Mark Martin won the pole.
Top ten results
6-Mark Martin
28-Ernie Irvan
3-Dale Earnhardt
25-Ken Schrader
10-Ricky Rudd
5-Terry Labonte
17-Darrell Waltrip
41-Joe Nemechek
24-Jeff Gordon
33-Harry Gant
Failed to qualify: 00-Scott Gaylord, 19-Loy Allen Jr., 98-Jeremy Mayfield, 90-Mike Wallace, 50-Brian Bonner
Derrike Cope made his debut in the No. 12 Ford after Tim Steele was fired after failing to qualify (by quite a lot of time) for the previous Saturday's Brickyard 400.
Unbeknownst to all, this would be Ernie Irvan's last race until late 1995.
This was Harry Gant's final top ten on a road course.
Tommy Kendall substituted for an injured Jimmy Spencer for this race. He finished in 22nd, 2 laps down to the winner
GM Goodwrench Dealer 400
The GM Goodwrench Dealer 400 was held August 21 at Michigan International Speedway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.
Top ten results
7-Geoff Bodine
6-Mark Martin
1-Rick Mast
2-Rusty Wallace
22-Bobby Labonte
42-Kyle Petty
11-Bill Elliott, 1 lap down
5-Terry Labonte, 1 lap down
17-Darrell Waltrip, 1 lap down
10-Ricky Rudd, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 40-Bobby Hamilton, 23-Hut Stricklin, 55-Jimmy Hensley, 54-Robert Pressley, 59-Andy Belmont, 82-Laura Lane, 52-Brad Teague, 34-Bob Brevak
During the weekend for this race, Ernie Irvan wrecked his No. 28 in Turn 2 for a practice run, and suffered near-fatal head, chest, and lung injuries. The team withdrew from the race.
Jimmy Spencer returned from injury and finished in 20th, 3 laps down to the winner .
Other changes included John Andretti replacing Wally Dallenbach Jr. in the No. 43 Pontiac at Petty Enterprises and starting on the front row for the first time since Richard Petty did in 1992 at Daytona. John would finish seventeenth, two laps down to the winner.
Goody's 500
The Goody's 500 was held August 27 at Bristol International Raceway. Harry Gant won the final pole of his career.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
6-Mark Martin
3-Dale Earnhardt
17-Darrell Waltrip
11-Bill Elliott
4-Sterling Marlin
30-Michael Waltrip
75-Todd Bodine
33-Harry Gant, 1 lap down
1-Rick Mast, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 95-Jeff Green, 27-Jimmy Spencer, 71-Dave Marcis, 19-Loy Allen Jr., 55-Jimmy Hensley, 14-Phil Parsons
Kenny Wallace began his duties driving in substitution for the injured Ernie Irvan, a role that lasted the rest of the season. He would finish the race in 13th, 1 lap down to the winner.
Mountain Dew Southern 500
The Mountain Dew Southern 500 was held on September 4 at Darlington Raceway. The No. 7 of Geoff Bodine won the pole.
Top ten results
11-Bill Elliott
3-Dale Earnhardt
21-Morgan Shepherd
10-Ricky Rudd
4-Sterling Marlin
24-Jeff Gordon, 1 lap down
2-Rusty Wallace, 1 lap down
8-Jeff Burton, 1 lap down
18-Dale Jarrett, 2 laps down
5-Terry Labonte, 2 laps down
Failed to qualify: 61-Rick Carelli, 57-Bob Schacht
Final win for Junior Johnson's legendary race team.
40th career Winston Cup Series win for Bill Elliott. This would be Bill's first win since the season finale at Atlanta in November 1992, breaking a 53 race winless streak. This would also be Bill's last win until November 2001 at Homestead, 7 years, and 226 races later. As of 2020, the 226 race winless streak is the longest drought in NASCAR history.
Miller Genuine Draft 400
The Miller Genuine Draft 400 was held September 10 at Richmond International Raceway. The No. 16 of Ted Musgrave won the pole.
Top ten results
5-Terry Labonte
24-Jeff Gordon
3-Dale Earnhardt
2-Rusty Wallace
10-Ricky Rudd
6-Mark Martin
29-Steve Grissom
26-Brett Bodine, 1 lap down
25-Ken Schrader, 1 lap down
17-Darrell Waltrip, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 47-Billy Standridge, 51-Dirk Stephens, 80-Joe Ruttman, 9-Phil Parsons, 52-Brad Teague, 01-Billy Ogle, Jr., 8-Jeff Burton
Jeff Burton's time was disallowed after his car failed post-qualifying inspection.
SplitFire Spark Plug 500
The SplitFire Spark Plug 500 was held September 18 at Dover Downs International Speedway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
3-Dale Earnhardt
17-Darrell Waltrip
25-Ken Schrader
7-Geoff Bodine
42-Kyle Petty
5-Terry Labonte
29-Steve Grissom, 1 lap down
15-Lake Speed, 1 lap down
21-Morgan Shepherd, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 84-Norm Benning, 79-Doug French, 47-Billy Standridge
Mark Martin was leading with 6 laps to go when he tangled with the lapped car of Ricky Rudd. Rusty Wallace assumed the lead and soon had a blown tire (possibly by running over debris). The race finished under caution and Wallace kept the lead.
This was the final race at Dover on pavement. Beginning with the spring race in 1995 the surface would be concrete.
Goody's 500
The Goody's 500 was held September 25 at Martinsville Speedway. Ted Musgrave won the pole.
Top ten results
2-Rusty Wallace
3-Dale Earnhardt
11-Bill Elliott
28-Kenny Wallace
18-Dale Jarrett
25-Ken Schrader
4-Sterling Marlin, 1 lap down
33-Harry Gant, 1 lap down
16-Ted Musgrave, 1 lap down
17-Darrell Waltrip, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 71-Dave Marcis, 20-Bobby Hillin Jr., 19-Loy Allen Jr., 55-Tim Fedewa, 98-Jeremy Mayfield
8th and final win of 1994 for Rusty Wallace. This marked back-to-back seasons for Rusty Wallace winning the most races in a season (winning 10 races in 1993), but unfortunately, even though he scored most wins in back-to-back seasons, a major lack of consistency in both years kept him from winning back-to-back Winston Cup Championships.
This would be the 2nd time in his career that Rusty Wallace scored the most victories in back-to-back seasons. He scored 10 wins in 1993, and 8 wins in 1994. The 1st time he did this, he won the most races in 1988 and 1989, scoring 6 wins each. However, Rusty shared that feat in 1988 with that season's champion Bill Elliott, and he also shared that feat in 1989 with Darrell Waltrip, and as a bonus for 1989, Rusty won the championship that year.
This would be the final time that Rusty Wallace scored the most victories in a single season.
Last career Top 10 for Harry Gant.
Tyson Holly Farms 400
The Tyson Holly Farms 400 was held October 2 at North Wilkesboro Speedway. The No. 27 of Jimmy Spencer won his first career Winston Cup pole.
Top ten results
7-Geoff Bodine
5-Terry Labonte, 1 lap down
1-Rick Mast, 1 lap down
2-Rusty Wallace, 1 lap down
6-Mark Martin, 2 laps down
11-Bill Elliott, 2 laps down
3-Dale Earnhardt, 2 laps down
24-Jeff Gordon, 2 laps down
16-Ted Musgrave, 3 laps down
28-Kenny Wallace, 3 laps down
Failed to qualify: 90-Mike Wallace, 19-Loy Allen Jr., 55-Tim Fedewa, 52-Brad Teague, 18-Dale Jarrett, 75-Todd Bodine
This is the last time that a driver won a Winston Cup race by a lap or more.
Mello Yello 500
The Mello Yello 500 was held October 9 at Charlotte Motor Speedway. The No. 31 of Ward Burton won the pole.
Top ten results
18-Dale Jarrett
21-Morgan Shepherd
3-Dale Earnhardt
25-Ken Schrader
15-Lake Speed
26-Brett Bodine
5-Terry Labonte
12-Derrike Cope
17-Darrell Waltrip
30-Michael Waltrip, 1 lap down, accident*
Failed to qualify: 71-Dave Marcis, 9-Phil Parsons, 67-Ken Bouchard, 55-Butch Miller, 02-Brad Noffsinger, 52-Brad Teague, 78-Pancho Carter, 53-Kirk Shelmerdine, 84-Norm Benning, 95-Ben Hess, 45-Rich Bickle, 0-Delma Cowart
Dale Jarrett won after failing to qualify for the previous race at North Wilkesboro. This would be the first time that a driver failed to qualify for a race and then go on to win the next race.
Former NASCAR Winston Cup champion Cale Yarborough served as a commentator for TBS.
On the final lap of the race, Michael Waltrip, Darrell Waltrip, and Bobby Hillin Jr. crashed, Darrell was the only driver of the 3 to finish the last lap. Hillin finished 15th, 3 laps down to the winner
AC Delco 500
The AC Delco 500 was held October 23 at North Carolina Speedway. Ricky Rudd won the pole.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt
1-Rick Mast
21-Morgan Shepherd
10-Ricky Rudd
5-Terry Labonte
11-Bill Elliott
6-Mark Martin
32-Dick Trickle
31-Ward Burton, 1 lap down
15-Lake Speed, 1 lap down
Failed to qualify: 02-Brad Noffsinger, 52-Brad Teague, 84-Norm Benning
Dale Earnhardt clinched his 7th and final NASCAR Winston Cup Championship with 2 races to go, tying him with Richard Petty for most championships of all time. In the Bob Latford Winston Cup points system, a driver can clinch the championship with 2 races to go if he has a 370+ point lead over 2nd, and Dale Earnhardt did just that by having a 448-point lead over Rusty Wallace at the end of the race. This would become the 4th and final time in Bob Latford's Winston Cup points system that a driver would clinch the Winston Cup Championship with 2 or more races to go. Earnhardt had already joined Richard Petty and Cale Yarborough when he won the title with 2 races to go in 1987, but as of 2018, the 1994 and 7th championship would make Dale Earnhardt the only driver in NASCAR history to clinch the title twice with 2 races to go. In 1987, his 1st accomplishment, Dale clinched his 3rd championship with 2 races to go by 515 points over Bill Elliott. In 1978, Cale Yarborough clinched his 3rd consecutive Winston Cup Championship with 2 races to go by 396 points over Bobby Allison, but in 1975 however, Richard Petty clinched his 6th championship with 4 races to go because his point lead was 740+ over 2nd. His margin was 827 points over James Hylton. Petty's championship win with 4 races to go is the earliest for a driver to clinch a championship in NASCAR history. Also as of 2021, this feat can never happen again due to several changes in the points system after 2003.
With this 7th championship, Dale Earnhardt ties Richard Petty for most Championships in NASCAR Cup Series history. In 2016, future driver Jimmie Johnson would become the 3rd driver to win 7 championships.
As of 2021, Dale Earnhardt is the only driver in NASCAR history to win 7 championships under one points system (Richard Petty won 7 titles under 5 points systems, and future 7-time champion Jimmie Johnson won 7 titles under 4 points systems).
The race itself came down to a photo finish with Earnhardt prevailing over Rick Mast.
Slick 50 500
The Slick 50 500 was held October 30 at Phoenix International Raceway. Sterling Marlin won the pole.
Top ten results
5-Terry Labonte
6-Mark Martin
4-Sterling Marlin
24-Jeff Gordon, 1 lap down
16-Ted Musgrave, 1 lap down
42-Kyle Petty, 1 lap down
10-Ricky Rudd, 1 lap down
7-Geoff Bodine, 1 lap down
18-Dale Jarrett, 2 laps down
17-Darrell Waltrip, 2 laps down
Failed to qualify: 51-Jeff Purvis, 02-Brad Noffsinger, 00-Scott Gaylord, 07-Doug George, 81-Jeff Davis, 90-Joe Heath, 86-Rich Woodland Jr., 92-John Krebs, 22-St. James Davis, 95-Lance Wade, 58-Wayne Jacks
The final 189 laps of the race were all under green flag conditions, causing the unusual gaps among the lead cars.
First time in his career that Terry Labonte won 3 races in a season.
Even though he clinched the championship the week before at Rockingham, Dale Earnhardt would blow an engine at lap 91, causing him to finish 40th.
Hooters 500
The Hooters 500 was held November 13 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. The No. 77 of Greg Sacks won the pole.
Top ten results
6-Mark Martin
3-Dale Earnhardt
75-Todd Bodine
15-Lake Speed
90-Mike Wallace
21-Morgan Shepherd
12-Derrike Cope, 1 lap down
5-Terry Labonte, 2 laps down
18-Dale Jarrett, 2 laps down
30-Michael Waltrip, 2 laps down
Failed to qualify: 55-Tim Fedewa, 98-Jeremy Mayfield, 64-Gary Wright, 47-Billy Standridge,
32-Dick Trickle, 45-Rich Bickle, 71-Dave Marcis, 80-Joe Ruttman, 35-Bill Venturini, 53-Brad Teague, 61-Rick Carelli, 34-Bob Brevak, 50-Brian Bonner
Dale Earnhardt would officially win his 7th and final NASCAR Winston Cup championship by 444 points over Mark Martin, the 4th largest point margin in Bob Latford's Winston Cup points system history. The largest point margin in the Winston Cup points system was back in 1975, when Richard Petty won his 6th championship by 722 points over Dave Marcis, the 2nd largest point margin was in 1987, when Earnhardt himself won his 3rd title by 489 points over Bill Elliott, and the 3rd largest point margin was in 1978, when Cale Yarborough won his 3rd consecutive Winston Cup Championship by 474 points over Bobby Allison.
Todd Bodine's best career Winston Cup finish.
Mike Wallace's first top 5 finish in the Cup Series.
Jimmy Means' last start in the Cup Series as an owner, with Gary Bradberry driving. Bradberry would finish 52 laps down in 30th.
Harry Gant's last race in the Cup Series. He would sadly complete only 257 out of 328 laps finishing 33rd due to an oil pan failure.
Final points standings
(key) Bold - Pole position awarded by time. Italics - Pole position set by owner's points standings. *- Most laps led.
Rookie of the Year
A record eight drivers declared intentions to run for Maxx Racing Card Rookie of the Year before the 1994 season: brothers, Ward and Jeff Burton, John Andretti, T. W. Taylor, Joe Nemechek, Steve Grissom, Rick Carelli, and Loy Allen Jr. Taylor and Carelli dropped out early after a series of DNQs, while Billy Standridge joined the rookie of the year race with Johnson-Standridge Racing in March. Mike Wallace and Jeremy Mayfield took part once they secured full-time rides in March as well.
Jeff Burton, driving the No. 8 Ford for Stavola Brothers Racing, was named Rookie of the Year for 1994, posting two top-five finishes. He was followed by fellow Busch Series graduates Grissom and Nemechek, each of whom had three top-ten finishes. Allen, despite three poles, struggled to find consistency and finished far back in the standings, while Mayfield and Andretti showed promise with different rides throughout the season. Mike Wallace (who started the year at Atlanta in March) and Ward Burton were plagued by qualifying troubles all season long. Standridge ran a partial schedule and was not a factor. Rich Bickle declared to run for the award in 1993, but failed to make enough races so he was technically still eligible for the award in 1994. Although, he did not officially declare to run as a rookie for the 1994 season and was deemed ineligible for the award despite making the required number of races.
See also
1994 NASCAR Busch Series
1994–95 NASCAR SuperTruck Series exhibition races
References
External links
Winston Cup Standings and Statistics for 1994
NASCAR Cup Series seasons
1994 in American sports
NASCAR Winston Cup Series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20NASCAR%20Winston%20Cup%20Series |
John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), British economist, founder of modern macroeconomics.
Keynes may refer to the following:
People with the surname Keynes
John Neville Keynes (1852–1949), British economist and father of John Maynard Keynes
Milo Keynes (1924–2009), English doctor and author
Quentin Keynes (1921–2003), British traveller and bibliophile
Randal Keynes (born 1948), English author
Richard Darwin Keynes (1919–2010), English physiologist
Simon Keynes, (born 1952), British author
Skandar Keynes (born 1991), British actor and political adviser, son of Randal
Soumaya Keynes (born 1989), British radio actor, daughter of Randal
Placenames in England containing the name Keynes
Ashton Keynes, a village in Wiltshire
Coombe Keynes, a hamlet in Dorset
Horsted Keynes, a village in West Sussex
Milton Keynes, a city in Buckinghamshire
Somerford Keynes, a village in Gloucestershire
Poole Keynes, a thriving village in the heart of the Cotswolds.
Other
Keynesian economics, a school of economic thought based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes
Keynes College, Kent, a college of the University of Kent, named after John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, a boat owned by fictional economist Meyer, friend of the John D. MacDonald character Travis McGee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynes%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Vox is a children's fantasy novel by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell, first published in 2003. It is the sixth volume of The Edge Chronicles and the second of the Rook Saga trilogy; within the stories' own chronology it is the eighth novel, following the Quint Saga and Twig Saga trilogies.
Plot summary
The novel begins by showing the state of play in Undertown. The usurper Vox Verlix is now trapped in the Palace of Statues having lost control over all his grand projects. The Guardians of Night took over the Tower of Night when they drove him out, the Shrykes seized the Great Mire Road, and the goblins Vox hired to enslave Undertowners and build the Sanctaphrax Forest cut the Most High Academe out of the loop. Vox was left as nothing more than a puppet used by General Tytugg of Undertown to keep the Shrykes at bay. The situation also appears to be coming to a head. The Shrykes are massing for war. The goblins in Undertown seem much more aggressive, with numerous assassins sent to kill Vox, who is now too obese to leave his Palace of Statues. To cap all this, strange sightings are being reported by Librarian Knights on patrol; demonic creatures are seen emerging from a former Undertown district named Screetown, a rubble wasteland. This is revealed to be down to the work of the Most High Guardian of Night, Orbix Xaxis, who is having his executioner Mollus Leddix feed captured librarians to rock demons.
Rook Barkwater is on patrol duty, noting the sweltering weather, when he is struck by a fireball and sent hurtling to earth. He awakens, battered and bruised, to find his skycraft the Stormhornet broken beyond repair. Rook hopelessly traverses Screetown, pursued by predators, one of which, a Rubble-ghoul, almost kills him, until he is rescued by his old friend Felix Lodd, Varis' brother, whom Rook and all the other librarians believed to be dead in Screetown, as rumour had it nobody could survive there. Felix takes Rook back to his hideout for the night, having formed a gang called "the Ghosts of Screetown", who trap and hunt whilst attempting to free as many as Sanctaphrax Forest slaves as they can.
Rook journeys through Undertown after bidding farewell to Felix, seeking a way back to the sewers, only to be caught by goblins. Rook is put up for auction in the slavesale, but escapes being sold into the Sanctaphrax Forest and is taken to the Palace of Statues instead. There, he meets Hesteria Spikesap, an old potioneer, along with Speegspeel, an ancient goblin butler, paranoid that the statues in the palace are trying to kill him. Rook is almost brainwashed by Vox's advisor, an amoral ghost-waif named Amberfuce, but he resists and keeps his identity. Rook the bizarre task of "feeding the baby," a gigantic cog-wheel system filled with volatile phraxdust.
After Rook foils a goblin assassination on Vox, Cowlquape, former Most High Academe of New Sanctaphrax before Vox's coup, arrives at the Palace as an envoy for the Librarians. After trading blows over how Cowlquape's vision for unity amongst all never came to pass, Vox explains his reason for summoning the librarians: a dark maelstrom is mere days away, and its strike will wipe out Undertown and any who remain. Vox advises that all evacuate the sewers and flee down the Great Mire Road for the Free Glades, and asks for help in escaping the Palace. Vox also offers a plan to dispose of their enemies: by luring the Shrykes and goblins into the sewers with the promise of helpless librarians, the Great Mire Road will be left unguarded. Rook and a brainwashed goblin assassins are sent to the Shryke and goblin armies, offering the means to infiltrate the sewers, so both armies are set to meet there in two days time at the eleventh hour.
The Librarians work fervently to build ships and rafts and evacuate just in time. Alquix Venvax, an ancient professor, unwilling to leave the library that has been his home for most of his life, remains behind. The librarians also send Rook's four banderbear friends to the Palace of Statues, to help Vox escape the Palace.
Meanwhile, Magda Burlix, looking for Rook in Screetown since he crashed, is captured by Guardians of Night. Xanth Filatine, who acted as a spy in the Free Glades at the time Magda learnt her craft, finds himself as her interrogator. He soon repents all his evil and saves her from his masters, also stealing an essential component for Midnight's Spike – an electrical conductor atop the Tower of Night for the curing of stone sickness (It is the Guardians of Nights belief unfounded by science that lightning will end stone sickness). Their first escape ends with their capture. As they are lowered to their supposed execution, Xaxis reveals his plan: he has had a tunnel dug into the sewers, where Magda and Xanth will be pursued by the Rock Demons, who will devour the Librarians. Xanth and Magda manage to stay ahead of the beasts and meet Venvax in the library, bidding him farewell when they realise he will not leave. As the goblin and shryke armies enter the sewers to kill the librarians, Venvax sacrifices his life to let Xanth and Magda escape the goblins. The Shrykes soon engage Tytugg's forces in battle, causing huge carnage. However, the Rock Demons then arrive and proceed to slaughter both sides – any who survive are wiped out in the flood.
On board the barges, Rook and Cowlquape realise the purpose of Vox's baby; Vox did not predict the maelstrom, for the sphere of phraxdust will be volatile enough to trigger such an event if it is fired into the sky (a previous attempt caused Rook to crash the Stormhornet). They also realise that, with his escape now assured, there is nothing to stop Vox triggering the storm at any hour he pleases. Rook desperately swims back to shore and climbs up the Palace of Statues to stop the maelstrom. He arrives in time to see the butler Speegspeel move to set off the storm an hour before Vox's 'prediction'. Rook fights and kills Speegspeel, but then releases the storm himself by unintentionally mixing his sweat with the phraxdust. The storm destroys Undertown and the Ghosts of Screetown evacuate all the inhabitants. As the storm reaches its peak, the Guardians of Night attempt to harness the lightning to cure the Sanctaphrax rock of Stone Sickness. However, Mollus Leddix discovers Xanth's theft of the deadbolt too late, and is unable to keep Midnight's Spike aloft. Orbix Xaxis throws Leddix to his death, and insanely attempts to act as a human conductor in the place of the spike. The lightning does indeed strike, but only obliterates the Tower of Night. Rook rejoins with the Librarians, and admits he set off the Storm, which could have been prevented. However, the Librarians forgive him, eager as they are to leave the sewers, and knowing that if Rook had not intervened, the storm would certainly have been triggered anyway.
Finally Vox's bower appears. Sensing his thoughts being probed, Rook attacks it to find that the waif Amberfuce has betrayed Vox as well, leaving him to die in the Palace of Statues. The book ends with Vox trapped in the Palace of Statues with Hesteria Spikesap, realising the extent of Amberfuce's betrayal just as Spikesap kills him by force-feeding him Oblivion. Hesteria reveals she has an unhealthy love for her master, and cradles his dead body as the Palace begins to collapse.
Reception
The Booksellers Wendy Cooling stated that the novel was just as thrilling as the first novel in The Edge Chronicles series. She added that "[p]owerful imaginations and creative minds have invented this world and filled it with extraordinary characters". Marya Jansen-Gruber from Through The Looking Glass Children's Book Reviews felt that it was an engrossing story, commenting that she could not "help marveling at the way in which Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell together have created a world so full of both darkness and light." Several reviewers liked the novels' illustrations, with Maggie Elliott writing in Library Media Collection that the "detailed illustrations of the creatures add to the enjoyment of the book."
References
External links
Library holdings of Vox
2003 British novels
2003 children's books
2003 fantasy novels
Children's fantasy novels
British children's novels
The Edge Chronicles
Doubleday (publisher) books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox%20%28Stewart%20and%20Riddell%20novel%29 |
Thomas More University is a private Roman Catholic university in Crestview Hills, Kentucky. It serves about 2,000 full and part-time students. The university was founded in 1921 by the local Benedictine Sisters as Villa Madonna College.
History
The Benedictine Sisters of Covington, Kentucky, founded Villa Madonna College in 1921 to train Catholic school teachers and to provide college education for young women. The college was chartered by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1923. Villa Madonna graduated its first students in 1929 and became the official college of the Diocese of Covington that same year. Three religious orders operated Villa Madonna in its early years: the Sisters of Notre Dame, the Congregation of Divine Providence, and the local Benedictine Sisters. Through the 1930s and early 1940s, the college grew slowly. The school year 1942–1943 closed with commencement exercises on June 4 with ten graduates. The number of graduates of the college including the 1943 class was 152.
Although Villa Madonna was founded as an institution for women, men attended many of the same classes through the affiliated St. Thomas More College, a college-level program of Covington Latin School. In 1945, Villa Madonna was designated a co-educational college, and St. Thomas More College was abolished. In that year the Diocese of Covington purchased the college. At the opening of classes in September 1945, Villa Madonna College enrolled 28 Sisters, 56 laywomen, and 28 men for a total of 112 students. As the college began to grow, facilities and classrooms were stretched to their limits. Several buildings owned by the Diocese of Covington were quickly secured for additional classrooms and offices. Over the next two decades, as enrollment and curriculum steadily grew, any available space was acquired and adapted for the college's use. Eventually, all available space was exhausted, and it was clear that a more spacious campus was needed.
Campus buildings of Villa Madonna College include St. Joseph's Hall, St. Thomas More Hall, Cabrini Hall, St. Pius Hall, Talbott Hall, Cafeteria Annex, Columbus Hall (library), St. Jude Hall, Aquinas Hall, Bernard Hall, and St. Luke Hall (art department).
In 1964, the school's chancellor, Bishop Richard Henry Ackerman, announced a building program. A growing co-educational institution, an expanding campus and the opportunity to serve a wider area made the move the natural choice. In 1968, the college was moved from downtown Covington to what is now Crestview Hills. In this same year, Ackerman announced that Villa Madonna College would be renamed "Thomas More College". The same year another Thomas More College opened – a woman's college of Jesuit Fordham University in New York which later merged with Fordham College as a co-educational college and dropped the Thomas More name. Although the college was opened in January 1968, dedication ceremonies were held on September 28 with President Lyndon B. Johnson in attendance. The college serves 2,000 full- and part-time students. Although primarily from Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky, students from roughly 20 states and several countries attend Thomas More.
Kentucky's Council on Postsecondary Education formally granted Thomas More university status in July 2018. On October 1, 2018, Thomas More College was officially renamed to Thomas More University and assumed university status, with full implementation of the name change taking place during the 2018–19 academic year. Thomas More also began transitioning to a new organizational structure of three colleges:
College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences
College of Business
College of Natural and Health Sciences
Presidents
Mary Domitilla Thuener (1921–1928)
Michael Leick (1928–1943)
Edmund Corby (1943–1944)
Thomas A. McCarty (1945–1949)
Joseph Z. Aud (1949–1951)
John F. Murphy (1951–1971)
Richard A. DeGraff (1971–1978)
Robert J. Giroux (1978–1982)
Thomas A. Coffey (1982–1985)
Charles J. Bensman (1986–1992)
William F. Cleves (1992–2001)
E. Joseph Lee II (2001–2004)
Margaret Stallmeyer (2005–2013)
David A. Armstrong (2013–2018)
Joseph L. Chillo (2019–present)
Academics
The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Buildings
Administrative Building
Houses the majority of administrative offices (except for athletics, campus ministry, and institutional advancement), faculty offices, some classrooms, the cafeteria, and the computer center.
Academic Building
Science Building
Four-story building that holds offices and classrooms for the Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Psychology, and Education departments.
Connor Convocation Center
The gym, training rooms, and athletics offices are housed in the Connor Convocation Center.
Saints Center
Transitioning back to a student headquarters.
Benedictine Library
Beyond the library, this building houses the theatre and the Eva G. Farris Art Gallery.
Performing Arts Lab
Mary, Seat of Wisdom Chapel
Academic Center
Currently under construction. It will house classrooms, a 375-seat auditorium, a technology and prototype lab, the Dr. Anthony ’65 & Geraldine ’66 Zembrodt Center for Leadership, Entrepreneurship & Innovation, the Center for Faith, Mission, and Catholic Education, and the College of Business.
Covington Hall
Houses a number of offices including Athletics, Finance, IT Administration, Institutional Research, and conference rooms.
Centennial Hall
Houses the office of Institutional Advancement.
St. Margaret Stallmeyer Hall
The newest addition to the residence hall system. Opened in Fall 2018, this traditional-style residence hall can house up to 96 students on three floors.
Marian Hall / Howard Hall
Two connected residence halls that are co-ed.
Ackerman Hall
Male-only residence hall.
Murphy Hall
Co-ed suite-style residence hall.
Thomas More University Observatory
Features computer-controlled telescopes, CCD digital imaging camera systems, and telescope-dedicated computer systems. The building incorporates a sliding roof and a climate-controlled computer room, for celestial observation projects.
Monte Casino Chapel
CAPE Building
Houses Digital, Graduate and Professional programs.
Biology Field Station
Located in California, Ky., this one-of-a-kind facility sits on the Ohio River and is home to crucial biological and water quality research, monitoring potential threats to the local watershed including but not limited to pollution, algal blooms, and habitat destruction.
Thomas More University Success Center
Dr. Anthony R. and Geraldine Zembrodt Institute for Academic Excellence (IAE)
Institute for Learning Differences (ILD)
Republic Bank Foundation Institute for Career Development and Graduate School Planning (ICG)
Dr. Judith A. Marlow '69 Office of Student Accessibility
Professional Advisors of Studies (PAS)
Graduate and Accelerated Programs
Graduate offerings include:
Master of Business Administration
Master of Arts in Ethical Leadership
Master of Arts in Teaching
Accelerated offerings include:
Associate of Arts in Management
Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
Bachelor of Arts in Ethical Leadership
Bachelor of Arts, Individualized Program
Bachelor of Arts in Psychology
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN to BSN)
Student government
The student government of Thomas More University serves as the official representative of the student body. It is governed by its constitution and consists of an executive board, delegates at-large, and associates.
Athletics
Thomas More athletic programs are known as the Saints. Thomas More University announced in July 2022 that they have been granted provisional membership to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II. Thomas More currently competes in the Mid-South Conference of the NAIA. The Saints have been in the NAIA for the past two academic years and will retain NAIA membership until completion of the 2022–23 academic year. In preparation for applying to return to the NCAA, the university approached and was unanimously approved in summer 2021 for provisional membership to the Great Midwest Athletic Conference (GMAC). With the successful bid in 2022 to rejoin the NCAA as a Division II competitor, the university will compete in the Great Midwest and be eligible for conference championships and tournaments beginning in the 2023–24 academic year. Following the mandatory transition period, the university would then become eligible for NCAA Championships during the 2025-26 year.
The Saints previously competed as a member of the Division III ranks of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the short-lived American Collegiate Athletic Association (ACAA) during only the 2018–19 school year; as well as a member of the Presidents' Athletic Conference (PAC) from 2005–06 to 2017–18. Thomas More had previously been members of the NAIA from 1947–48 to 1989–90.
Thomas More has more than 700 student athletes and competes in 29 varsity sports programs including: Men's sports include archery, band, baseball, basketball, bowling, cheerleading, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, tennis, track & field, volleyball and wrestling; while women's sports include archery, band, basketball, bowling, cheerleading, cross country, dance, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball. In June 2022, Thomas More University announced the launch of esports, which joins the Saints intercollegiate athletics programs during the 2022–2023 academic year. The program will be part of the National Association of Collegiate Esports (NACE). Esports encompasses competitive, organized video gaming.
Thomas More University and the Florence Y’alls Baseball Club partnered in March 2022 to rename the home of the Florence Y’alls “Thomas More Stadium.” As part of the agreement, the stadium will also become the home of the Thomas More Saints’ baseball team starting in spring 2023. Thomas More announced a major comprehensive fundraising campaign in Fall 2021 in support of a five-year strategic plan that includes enhanced athletic facilities for many of the Saints 29 sports teams. Additional plans are in place for other facility upgrades at the university that will affect additional Saints sports teams positively; renovations at Republic Bank Field and its track were completed in 2021.
Accomplishments
Championship History
National Championships
Individual National Qualifiers
Notable people
Paul G. Bens Jr., former Hollywood casting director/producer and author of the Black Quill Award-winning novel Kelland
Darrell Brothers, art professor and listed artist
Rick Hughes, NBA basketball player
David Justice, MLB player (attended, did not graduate)
Roxanne Qualls, Cincinnati politician (attended Thomas More, but did not finish there)
Daniel K. Richter, award-winning historian of early America and professor at the University of Pennsylvania.
Larry Staverman, NBA basketball player and coach
Dan Tieman, NBA basketball player
References
Universities and colleges established in 1921
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington
Greater Cincinnati Consortium of Colleges and Universities
Benedictine colleges and universities
Education in Kenton County, Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Kenton County, Kentucky
1921 establishments in Kentucky
Catholic universities and colleges in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20More%20University |
Athanassios Spyridon Fokas (; born June 30, 1952) is a Greek mathematician, with degrees in Aeronautical Engineering and Medicine. Since 2002, he is Professor of Nonlinear Mathematical Science in the
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP) at the University of Cambridge.
Education
Fokas earned a BS in Aeronautics from Imperial College in 1975 and a PhD in Applied mathematics from Caltech in 1979. His dissertation, Invariants, Lie-Backlund Operators and Backlund Transformations, was written under the direction of Paco Axel Lagerstrom. He subsequently attended the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, earning his medical degree in 1986.
Career
After medical school, Fokas was appointed Professor and Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at Clarkson University in 1986. From there, he moved to Imperial College in 1996 to a Chair of Applied Mathematics. Since 2002, he holds the Professorship of Nonlinear Mathematical Science (2000) in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge, a professorship established in the year 2000 for a single tenure. He was elected a Member of the Academy of Athens in 2004 and a professorial fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge in 2005.
Research contributions
Fokas has written about symmetries, integrable nonlinear PDEs, Painleve equations and random matrices, models for leukemia and protein folding, electro-magneto-enchephalography, nuclear imaging, and relativistic gravity. Also, he has introduced a new method for solving boundary value problems known as the Fokas method.
I. M. Gelfand, a mathematician, who has also written about biology, in the citation for the Aristeion prize, wrote ''Fokas is now a very rare example of a scientist in the style of the Renaissance".
Awards
Fokas received the Naylor Prize from the London Mathematical Society in 2000. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship (2009). He was awarded a Blaise Pascal Medal and elected to the Mathematics section of Academia Europaea in 2023.
Personal
Fokas is married to Regina Karousou-Fokas with whom he has two children, Anastasia and Ioanna. He also has a son, Alexander, from his first marriage to Allison Pearce.
Books
M J Ablowitz and A S Fokas, Complex Variables: Introduction and Applications, Cambridge University Press, second edition (2003)
A S Fokas, A R Its, A A Kapaev and V Yu Novokshenov, Painlevé Transcendents: A Riemann-Hilbert Approach, AMS (2006)
A S Fokas, A Unified Approach to Boundary Value Problems , CBMS-SIAM (2008)
A S Fokas and B. Pelloni, eds, Unified Transform for Boundary Value Problems: Applications and advances, SIAM (2015).
See also
Calogero–Degasperis–Fokas equation
Fokas method
References
External links
Home Page at Cambridge University
ISI Highly Cited Researchers - AS Fokas
1952 births
Living people
Academics of Imperial College London
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Greek mathematicians
Alumni of Imperial College London
California Institute of Technology alumni
Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine alumni
Clarkson University faculty
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Fellows of Clare Hall, Cambridge
Commanders of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
People from Argostoli | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanassios%20S.%20Fokas |
Campinorte is a municipality in north-central Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 12,764 (2020) in a total area of 1,068 km2.
Location
Campinorte is located on the important Belém-Brasília, BR-153, and is 315 kilometers from the state capital, Goiânia. It is 22 kilometers north of Uruaçu and just west of the great artificial lake of Serra da Mesa. Anápolis, the second most important city in the state, is 276 kilometers to the south. Campinorte belongs to the Porangatu Microregion.
Municipal boundaries are with:
North: Mara Rosa
South: Uruaçu
East: Uruaçu and Campinaçu
West: Nova Iguaçu de Goiás and Mara Rosa
Demographics
The population density in 2007 was 9.08 inhabitants/km2 while the population growth rate for 2000-2007 was 0.08.%. The urban population was 7,448 and the rural population was 2,249.
History
The origins of Campinorte go back to 1918. It was called Campinas. In 1935 the first school was built in the region. Next a settler donated land to build the first chapel to pay homage to Saint Sebastian, patron saint of the town. When the government began to build the new highway nearby, in 1948, the settlers moved their primitive houses to the edge of the route. Campinas died and a new town, Campinorte, came to life. At first it was a district of Uruaçu, but in 1953 it became a separate municipality.
The economy
Main economic activities are cattle raising (43,000 head) and agriculture, with plantations of corn, rice, and beans. There are 479 rural properties in the region with 7,131 hectares of planted area. There were approximately 1,500 persons connected to the farming sector. Pasture land made up 171,000 hectares in 2006. The industrial sector is represented by some small producers of bricks, lumber, and dairy products. The main agricultural products were rice, corn, and soybeans (9,000 hectares).
Industrial units: 14
Retail units: 128
Financial institutions: Banco do Brasil, S.A.
Dairy: Cooperativa Agropecuária Regional de Campinorte
Automobiles in 2007: 803
Health and education
The infant mortality rate was 14.08 (2000) while the literacy rate was 83.8. There was one hospital with 17 beds and 13 schools with 2,891 students. The score on the Municipal Human Development Index was 0.750.
State ranking: 76 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 1,872 (out of 5,507 municipalities) See Frigoletto
Tourism is centered on the Serra da Mesa lake, which is beginning to offer boating, water skiing, and windsurf.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Frigoletto
External links
Municipal Government
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campinorte |
Joshua Green (born November 16, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center who played most notably in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Playing career
Green was originally drafted by the Los Angeles Kings in the second round as the 30th overall pick in 1996. Green was selected from the Western Hockey League, where he was a stand out for the Medicine Hat Tigers, Swift Current Broncos and the Portland Winter Hawks.
Green left the WHL during the 1997–98 season, and made his professional debut with the Fredericton Canadiens of the American Hockey League. Josh then made his NHL debut the following 1998–99 season with the Kings before finishing the year with affiliate, the Springfield Falcons.
At the 1999 NHL Entry Draft, the Kings traded Green to the New York Islanders along with Olli Jokinen, Mathieu Biron, and a first round selection in 1999 for Žigmund Pálffy, Bryan Smolinski, Marcel Cousineau and a fourth round selection in 1999.
Green started the 1999–2000 season with the Lowell Lock Monsters before he was called up to the Islanders, scoring 12 goals in 49 games. Josh was then traded by the Islanders, for the second consecutive year at the Draft, along with Eric Brewer and a second-round selection in the 2000 entry draft to the Edmonton Oilers for Roman Hamrlík.
The 2000–01 season was almost entirely wiped out for Green when he suffered a dislocated shoulder in his second game with Oilers affiliate, the Hamilton Bulldogs. Green recovered to play in 3 playoff games with the Oilers. In the 2001–02 season, Green played his first full season in the NHL appearing in a career-high 61 games.
In his third season with the Oilers in 2002-03, Green was traded by the Oilers to the New York Rangers for a conditional pick in 2004 on December 12, 2002. After playing in just 4 games with the Rangers, Green was claimed off waivers by the Washington Capitals on January 15, 2003.
On July 17, 2003, Green signed a one-year contract with the Calgary Flames. Green played in 36 games the 2003-04 season with the Flames before he was claimed off of waivers by the New York Rangers on March 6, 2004.
During the NHL lock-out, Green was signed to an AHL contract with the Vancouver Canucks affiliate, the Manitoba Moose. Helping guide the Moose to a successful season, Green was signed by the Canucks to a one-year contract on August 23, 2005. Josh was primarily used as an injury reserve forward for the Canucks in the 2005–06 season. Proving he was a solid role player the Canucks, Green was re-signed to a one-year extension where he appeared in 57 games in the 2006–07 season.
After spending the 2007–08 season in Austria with EC Red Bull Salzburg, Green returned to the NHL, signing a one-year deal with the Anaheim Ducks on July 22, 2008. In the 2008–09 season, Green was assigned to Ducks affiliate the Iowa Chops to provide a veteran and scoring presence. Injury limited Green to only 39 games with the Chops. In posting 24 points with the Chops, Green was called up for the Ducks playoff run and appeared in 5 post season games.
On July 9, 2009, Green signed a one-year contract with MODO Hockey of the Swedish Elitserien. After scoring 12 goals in 47 games in a checking role with Modo for the 2009–10 season, Green returned to the Anaheim Ducks organization signing a one-year contract on July 12, 2010.
On July 3, 2011, Green signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Edmonton Oilers. He was placed on waivers on October 2, 2011, with the purpose of being assigned with the Oklahoma City Barons. Green signed a one-year minor league deal with the Oklahoma City Barons of the American Hockey League.
Green played his last four seasons in the Finnish Liiga, with Tappara and KooKoo before announcing his retirement from professional hockey on May 15, 2017.
Career statistics
References
External links
1977 births
Anaheim Ducks players
Calgary Flames players
Camrose Kodiaks players
Canadian ice hockey centres
EC Red Bull Salzburg players
Edmonton Oilers players
Fredericton Canadiens players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Iowa Stars players
KooKoo players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Los Angeles Kings players
Lowell Lock Monsters players
Manitoba Moose players
Medicine Hat Tigers players
Modo Hockey players
New York Islanders players
New York Rangers players
Oklahoma City Barons players
People from Camrose, Alberta
Portland Winterhawks players
Springfield Falcons players
Swift Current Broncos players
Syracuse Crunch players
Tappara players
Vancouver Canucks players
Washington Capitals players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Green%20%28ice%20hockey%29 |
C.H.U.D. II: Bud the C.H.U.D. is a 1989 zombie comedy film, directed by David Irving, written by M. Kane Jeeves and stars Brian Robbins, Tricia Leigh Fisher, Bianca Jagger, and Gerrit Graham in the title role.
Plot
At the start of the film, the US Government has ordered a branch of the US Military to discontinue tests concerning "the C.H.U.D. project," which is built around the idea that enzymes taken from the sewer dwelling creatures from C.H.U.D. can make hyper-effective killing machines in the army. Bud Oliver, the last specimen of the experiment, who has come to be known as "Bud the C.H.U.D.," is hidden away in a Centers for Disease Control office in a small American town, from which a trio of bungling teenagers steal him, and accidentally reawaken him in doing so. Bud escapes and begins to forge an army of C.H.U.D.s.
Cast
Brian Robbins as Steve Williams
Bill Calvert as Kevin
Tricia Leigh Fisher as Katie Norton
Gerrit Graham as Bud Oliver, a.k.a. Bud the C.H.U.D.
Robert Vaughn as Colonel Masters
Larry Cedar as Graves
Bianca Jagger as Velma
Larry Linville as Dr. Jewell
Jack Riley as Wade Williams
Sandra Kerns as Melissa Williams
June Lockhart as Gracie
Norman Fell as Tyler
Rich Hall as Stan
Robert Symonds as Proctor
Priscilla Pointer as Dr. Berlin
Marvin J. McIntyre as a farmer
Ritch Shydner as the mailman
Clive Revill as Dr. Kellaway
Michael Bell as Mr. Williams
Robert Englund as Man in Trenchcoat Walking with Trick-or-Treaters (uncredited cameo)
Production
It is a loose sequel to C.H.U.D., mostly in name though the ties do carry on into dialogue and plot. As in the first film, C.H.U.D. stands for "Cannibalistic Humanoid Underground Dweller", but the alternative acronym (Contamination Hazard Urban Disposal) is not carried over.
The film was written by Ed Naha, who had previously written Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, under the pseudonym M Kane Jeeves, similar to the pseudonym Mahatma Kane Jeeves used by W. C. Fields.
Director David Irving shot three versions: one highlighting the comedy, one emphasizing the horror, and a less gory version for TV, and would decide on the balance of horror to comedy during editing.
Release
Originally intended for a theatrical release, the movie was released on VHS and laserdisc by Vestron Video on September 27, 1989.
In 2003, a DVD was released in the United Kingdom. In the U.S., the film is currently available on DVD from Lionsgate as part of an 8 horror movie DVD set. The film screened in June 2009 as Video on Demand at FEARnet. A Blu-ray release was released on November 22, 2016 by Lionsgate as part of their Vestron Video Collector's Series line.
References in popular culture
Rap group Sticks Downey published a special Halloween track in 2010, based on the plot of C.H.U.D. II: Bud the C.H.U.D., using the movie's theme song as backing track and including dialog excerpts from the movie.
References
External links
1989 films
1989 horror films
1980s monster movies
American comedy horror films
American monster movies
American natural horror films
American zombie comedy films
American sequel films
Direct-to-video comedy films
Direct-to-video horror films
Vestron Pictures films
Films scored by Nicholas Pike
1980s English-language films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.H.U.D.%20II%3A%20Bud%20the%20C.H.U.D. |
The Ethel M Chocolate Factory is a chocolate factory in Henderson, Nevada, founded by Forrest Mars Sr. It produces gourmet chocolate for all of the Ethel M and Ethel's brand chocolates. The factory was named after the mother of Forrest Mars Sr. and is owned by Mars, Incorporated.
History
Forrest Mars Sr. joined the family business Mars in 1929 and retired in 1969. After a short time of retirement, he created Ethel M Chocolates in 1978, which opened in 1980. The reasons for the foundation are assumed to be wanting to cure the boredom he experienced after retiring and to honor his mother, using chocolate recipes she had created. According to researcher J.G. Brenner, "Forrest established the venture in Nevada because it is one of the few states that allowed the sale of liqueur-filled cordials."
He started Ethel M with two of his past associates, Alan Thomas, as general manager, and Dean Musser, as CFO. Mars commissioned engineer Stephen H. Edelblute to design and build the factory, former candy factory owner Fred Dent to assist in developing his chocolates and Karen Grover, a recent research assistant.
Within a few years of its opening "the company had reached annual sales of $150 million, from seventy Ethel M stores throughout the West."
In 2007, Ethel M's introduced a new line of 48 different handmade-gourmet chocolates designed by master chocolatier Jin Caldwell.
In late 2007 the company responded to public demand for the classic line of chocolates by re-releasing six varieties of chocolates in their retail stores in the Las Vegas area.
Company
The main production plant of Ethel is located in Henderson, Nevada. A part of the factory is open to the public and visitors can take self-guided tours. Other than at the factory (at 2 Cactus Garden Drive), Ethel's stores can be found in Nevada at the California Hotel, Town Square Las Vegas Outlets, and Gates A-E of Harry Reid International Airport. The company also has stores in Southern California.
At the same location of the plant is the Ethel M Botanical Cactus Garden, which features over 300 species of desert plants.
Products
The company distributes their products mainly via phone and internet on their website, although they also operate several retail outlets in and around Las Vegas, Nevada.
Sponsorship
Ethel M sponsored NASCAR Driver Kyle Busch and his No. 18 Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota Camry race car at Las Vegas Motor Speedway in the 2021 and 2022 Pennzoil 400. Parent company Mars, Inc. were a primary sponsor of Kyle Busch from 2008 until 2022 and it was replaced by Monster Energy.
References
External links
Ethel M Chocolates Official Website
Mars, Incorporated
Chocolate factories
Buildings and structures in Henderson, Nevada
Tourist attractions in the Las Vegas Valley
Manufacturing plants in the United States
1978 establishments in Nevada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel%20M%20Chocolate%20Factory |
January 6: Venezuelan Minister of Energy and Mines Rafael Ramírez announces that the Venezuelan government plans to split state oil company Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PdVSA) into two separate entities as part of a large-scale restructuring of the company, most of whose 40,000 workers are currently on strike. Such a decentralization could limit the power of Caracas-based executives who have joined in the strike, which began on December 2, 2002. (NYT)
January 12: The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), meeting in Vienna, agrees to raise the aggregate production quota of its members (excluding Iraq) to , up from the current , effective February 1. Each member will receive a proportionately higher share of the quota, about a 6.5% increase. (NYT)
January 16: Fourteen U.S. corporations or subsidiaries launch the Chicago Climate Exchange, a trading program wherein companies would be able to earn redeemable credits for exceeding emissions reductions goals of 4% of 1998-2001 average emissions over the next four years. Companies unable to meet the goals would buy the credits. The Exchange intends to create means to verify that actual reductions in emissions have taken place. (WP)
January 21: The near-month crude oil futures price on the NYMEX settles at $34.61 per barrel, the highest price since November 29, 2000. The market is experiencing a variety of higher price pressures, including the strike in Venezuela, fears of a conflict in Iraq, a cold winter in the United States, and low commercial oil stock levels in the United States. (USAT)
January 28: The U.S. Department of Energy approves oil company requests to delay delivery of March shipments to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The announcement will allow of crude oil designated for storage in the SPR, to be marketed to domestic refineries instead. (Reuters)
January 29: Striking managers at Venezuelan state oil company PdVSA confirm that oil production has surpassed once again, after falling to as low as during the strike that began on December 2. On January 31, PdVSA President Ali Rodriguez announces that production is at and that 5,300 striking workers have been fired. Opposition estimates of production are much lower at around . (NYT, Reuters)
January 29: During his State of the Union Address, President Bush proposes $1.2 billion in funding to support the research and development of hydrogen-powered vehicles. (Reuters)
February 3: Indian Petroleum Minister Ram Naik announces that the government of India plans to boost the country's strategic crude oil reserves to 45 days from 15 days at an estimated cost of 43.50 billion rupees ($910 million). (Reuters)
February 6: Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh announces that phases two and three of the South Pars natural gas field are now on-line. These phases represent additional production of about 55 million cubic meters (1.9 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas per year, of condensate, and 1 million metric tons (11.6 million barrels) of liquefied petroleum gas per year. The two phases are officially inaugurated on February 15. (DJ)
February 11: BP invests $6.75 billion in Russia by creating a new joint venture company with TNK-BP (Russia's fourth largest oil company) and Sidanco, of which BP already held a 25% stake. BP will have a 50% stake in the new company. TNK's shareholders, investment groups Alfa Group and Access-Renova, will hold the other 50% stake of the new firm, and board control will be balanced equally. The investment by BP is equivalent to almost 10% of Russian foreign exchange reserves and around 1.5% of Russian gross domestic product (GDP). (Reuters)
February 12: Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) show that U.S. commercial crude oil stocks have fallen to for the week ending February 7, 2003. This is the lowest commercial crude oil stock level since 1975, and just slightly below the lower operational inventory level of . The lower operational inventory level, while not implying shortages, operational problems, or price increases, is indicative of a situation where inventory-related supply flexibility could be constrained or nonexistent. (Reuters)
February 18: Exxon Mobil begins construction of the $3 billion Kizomba B offshore development project in Angolan waters. The project, when completed, is expected to produce of crude oil per day, beginning in 2006, with total production over the life of the field estimated to be about . Besides Exxon Mobil, which has a 40% stake, the other stakeholders are BP (26.67%), Eni (20%), and Statoil (13.33%). The concessionaire is Angolan state oil company Sonangol. (Reuters)
February 28: The NYMEX near-month heating oil futures price settles at an all-time high of 125.59 cents per gallon, as many of the same market forces affecting the crude oil market also have driven up the price of heating oil, especially increased demand from the cold winter. High sulfur distillate fuel inventories (also referred to as heating oil) plunged more than 15% over the most recent four-week period to end the week of February 28, at , 32% below the level for the same period last year. (Reuters)
March 5: Some of Venezuelan production in the eastern region begins to come back on-line. It was shut off at the wellhead for a week because of bottlenecks at export terminals as Venezuelan state oil company PdVSA encountered problems in returning loading at terminals to pre-strike levels. The Venezuelan government claims that oil production is over , while fired PdVSA workers claim production is at . (Reuters)
March 6: Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announces that force majeure is henceforth lifted on Venezuelan oil exports. Venezuela had declared force majeure on its oil exports shortly after the national strike began on December 2, 2002. It is later revealed that this lifting does not apply to certain petroleum products. President Chavez also refuses to consider rehiring any of the over 15,000 fired PdVSA workers. (Reuters)
March 7: The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) puts into effect expanded price limits on its energy contracts and reduces to five minutes the time trading is halted when those limits are reached. Under the revised rules, the initial price limits for light, sweet crude oil futures will be expanded to $10 per barrel in all months from the current $7.50 in the first two months and $3.00 in all other months. The initial Henry Hub natural gas futures limits will expand to $3.00 per million British thermal units in all months from $1 in all months. The initial limits on heating oil, gasoline and propane futures will increase to 25 cents per gallon in all months from 20 cents in the first two months and 6 cents in all other months. (Reuters)
March 7: Officials in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announce that new clean water regulations for smaller sites, to take effect March 10, will not apply to the petroleum and natural gas industries. Rather, these two industries will have a two-year exemption, because, according to the EPA, further study of the effects of these regulations upon these two industries is needed. (NYT)
March 11: The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) meets in Vienna and decides to maintain crude oil production quotas for its member countries (excluding Iraq) at . Saudi Arabia's Oil Minister, Ali al-Naimi says, "There will be no shortage of oil. The test is, when the need is there, whether we will use the capacity or not and I can assure you we will. Most analysts, including EIA, believe that OPEC-10's (excluding Iraq) actual production is higher than the quota amount. (NYT, Reuters)
March 12: The near-month (April) crude oil futures price at the NYMEX settles at $37.83 per barrel, the highest near-month settlement price (in nominal terms) since October 1990. This comes as EIA reports today that commercial crude oil inventories for the previous week declined by to . This is below the lower operational inventory level, which, while not implying shortages, operational problems, or price increases, is indicative of a situation where inventory-related supply flexibility could be constrained or nonexistent. This heightens supply concerns before an impending war in Iraq. (WSJ)
March 19: Military action in Iraq commences with a bombing raid and missile attack on targets in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad (March 20 Baghdad time) by Coalition forces, given Saddam Hussein and his regime's rejection of U.S. President George Bush's March 17 ultimatum. Iraq launches several conventional missiles at Kuwait, but this has no effect on Kuwaiti oil production. However, the Kuwait Petroleum Company does implement an emergency plan to protect its workers and facilities. (Reuters)
March 23: Outbreaks of violence between soldiers and militants of various ethnic groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria prompt three major oil companies operating in the region - ChevronTexaco, Royal Dutch/Shell, and TotalFinaElf - to shut in operations in the area, totaling about . This represents about 40% of Nigeria's total production, including about in the West Niger Delta (all operations there for the three companies) and of Shell production in the East Niger Delta. Employees of ChevronTexaco, which had declared force majeure on its Escravos crude oil terminal three days earlier, return to Nigeria on April 4 to begin a gradual resumption of production. Force majeure is lifted on April 24, 2003. (NYT, Reuters)
March 24: After Coalition forces have pushed further into Iraq securing most of the southern oilfields over the weekend, Kuwaiti fire fighters are able to enter Iraq and are able to extinguish one of the wellhead fires. Iraq's southern fields represent about 40% of the country's output. Damage is assessed to be relatively minimal. Some pockets or Iraqi resistance in the southern oilfields remain, however. Furthermore, heavy Iraqi resistance in some parts of Iraq gives rise to market speculation that the war could last longer than initially thought. The NYMEX near-month crude oil price rises 6.5%, to settle at $28.66 per barrel, as the war in Iraq as well as the situation in Nigeria have traders concerned. (Reuters, DJ)
April 4: Coalition forces continue to make progress against the regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq, with the U.S. military capturing Baghdad's main international airport. Also, according to the U.S. military, 80–90% of Iraq's southern oilfield production is under coalition control, as well as all related export facilities, as of this date. (Reuters)
April 4: Royal Dutch/Shell restarts production and development work at the Soroosh and Nowrooz fields offshore southwestern Iran, after shutting down work at the two fields on March 19 because of fears that staff could be vulnerable to intentional or accidental attack, given the fields' proximity to the border with Iraq. Soroosh produces about , and the shut down has delayed the coming on line of the Nowrooz field, scheduled for later this year. (DJ, Reuters) )
April 8: Syrian state oil company Sytrol informs customers that it will cut crude oil term export volumes by around 40% (about ) as a result of the halt in Iraqi imports through the Iraq-Syria-Lebanon pipeline that is reported to have been shut down. Sytrol suggests that the reduction will continue for the rest of the year. (WMRC)
April 14: Pumping on the oil pipeline from Iraq's Kirkuk oilfields to the Turkish port of Ceyhan is halted as the storage facilities have reached their maximum capacity of about . There has not been a loading of Iraqi crude oil at the port since March 20. (Reuters)
April 14: Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) shuts down for inspection the last of its 17 nuclear reactors still in operation. The shut downs result from the discovery last year that TEPCO had falsified data regarding reactor inspections, leading to the decision to shut down by Japan's nuclear authorities. Japan's largest power firm said that unless its reactors were started back up, there would be an electricity shortage of up to 9.55 million kilowatts during the summer, when electricity demand hits its peak. (Japan Times)
April 15: U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld announces that the U.S. military has shut off an oil pipeline from Iraq to Syria that is alleged to have been carrying 100,000- per day. "We have been told that they have shut off a pipeline," Secretary Rumsfeld told a Pentagon briefing. "Whether it's the only one and whether that has completely stopped the flow of oil between Iraq and Syria, I cannot tell you. ... I cannot assure you that all illegal oil flowing from Iraq into Syria is shut off. I just hope it is." (Reuters)
April 22: Yukos Oil Company and Sibneft, Russia's first and fifth largest oil companies, respectively, in terms of production, announce that they will merge in a deal in which Yukos will pay $13 billion in cash and stock for Sibneft. The new company will be the world's fifth-largest publicly traded oil and gas company, with a production of . The new company plans to become a major player outside of Russia as well. (NYT, WSJ)
April 23: According to the American military officer in charge of restarting Iraq's oil production infrastructure, Iraq's southern fields have begun to produce again. Four southern wells have begun producing a modest amount of crude oil, but according to Brig. Gen. Robert Crear of the Army Corps of Engineers, southern wells should soon be producing about . Initial production would go toward meeting domestic demand, especially as more refineries come back on line. The country's northern oilfields are still offline. (WSJ)
April 24: OPEC oil ministers, meeting for emergency talks in Vienna, decide to simultaneously reduce crude oil production by , as of June 1, and increase their overall production quota by to a total quota of . This is a tacit admission that OPEC production is well in excess of the previous quota of . Iraq does not participate in the meetings and is not subject to the quota regime. (LAT)
April 29: Brazilian state oil company Petrobras announces the largest-ever natural gas discovery in Brazil. The discovery, located about off the coast of the state of São Paulo, is a field containing an estimated of natural gas. This field raises Brazil's natural gas reserves by about 30%, according to some estimates. (Reuters)
May 22: The United Nations Security Council approves the immediate end of 13 years of economic sanctions on Iraq, dating from the time of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. Resolution 1483 effectively grants the United States-led coalition forces control of Iraq until a new Iraqi government can be put in place. The end of the sanctions also makes it easier for Iraqi oil exports to resume without the auspices of the United Nations. Later, on May 27, the U.S. Department of the Treasury lifts most remaining sanctions on Iraq, thereby implementing U.N. Security Council Resolution 1483. Secretary of the Treasury John W. Snow states, "It is no longer a crime for U.S. companies and individuals to do business with Iraq." (WP)
May 28: Yukos of Russia signs a $150 billion agreement with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), wherein CNPC agrees to purchase of oil between 2005 and 2030 via a $2.5 billion pipeline from Russia's Western Siberia fields to China's Daqing field. (Reuters)
June 2: Royal Dutch/Shell signs a $2 billion contract with an alliance of Japanese and Russian companies for the construction of Russia's first natural gas liquefaction plant in Sakhalin. This comes after Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) and Tokyo Gas agreed two weeks earlier to purchase about one-quarter of the liquefaction plant's planned capacity of 9.6 million metric tons per year. Shell owns 55% of the production rights for the natural gas supplying the planned plant. (NYT)
June 10: Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan notes that rising natural gas prices in the United States could have a negative impact on the economy in the months ahead if prices remain at high levels. States Greenspan, "I have no doubt that...if we stay at these very elevated prices we're going to see some erosion in a number of macroeconomic variables which are not evident at this stage. A very significant amount of natural gas using infrastructure in the American economy was based on $2 gas. That means a lot of noncompetitive structures are sitting out there." (Reuters)
June 11: Oil Ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) meeting in Qatar decide to keep OPEC crude oil production quotas unchanged for the ten members (i.e. not including Iraq) participating in the quota regime. The combined output quota for the ten members is of crude oil per day. OPEC President Abdullah bin Hamad Al Attiyah, also Qatar's Minister of Energy and Industry, says, "We don't want to cut for the sake of it. We should justify it." (Reuters, DJ)
June 12: Two explosions damage the Kirkuk-Ceyhan oil pipeline, in what is later determined to be an act of sabotage. Several other Iraqi pipelines are damaged in acts of sabotage throughout the month, including a natural gas pipeline in the western desert on June 21, an oil pipeline west of Baghdad on June 22, and the now-stalled Iraq-Syria pipeline on June 23. (Reuters, AP)
June 14: ConocoPhillips announces that the company will proceed with its $1.5 billion liquefied natural gas (LNG) development project at the Bayu-Undan fields after government officials of Australia and East Timor approved the project in the Timor Sea Joint Petroleum Development Area. Natural gas from the field will be piped to an LNG liquefaction plant in Australia's Northern Territory. (WSJ, NYT)
June 17: The head of Iraq's North Oil Company, Adil al-Qazzaz, states that Iraq's main north-south crude oil pipeline, the so-called Strategic Pipeline, will not be operable for some time, especially because the K-3 pumping station was badly damaged during the recent war. Al-Qazzaz goes on to state that because the pipeline is not working, "[W]e don't have export flexibility, and that will have an impact." (WSJ)
June 22: Iraq exports oil for the first time since March 20, the first day of the war that eventually toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein. The crude oil, , was part of the June 12 tender and will be sold to Turkish refiners from oil in storage at the Turkish port of Ceyhan. Loading of the oil onto a tanker begins today. (WP)
July 2: The European Parliament votes to cap European industry's carbon dioxide output and let firms trade the right to pollute. As of January 2005, many plants in the oil refining, smelting, steel, cement, ceramics, glass and paper sectors will need special permits to emit carbon dioxide (CO2). "It means that the largest emissions trading scheme in the world to date will be a reality from 2005, and that the architecture foreseen under the Kyoto Protocol is coming to life," according to European Union Environment Commissioner Margot Wallstrom. (Reuters)
July 9: The government of Chad announces that it has begun its first-ever crude oil production, as wells began pumping on July 1. It will still take weeks before crude is shipped from the $3.5 billion project through a pipeline to the Atlantic coast in neighboring Cameroon. The government does not announce the initial flow rate, but eventual production is expected to reach . Oil begins flowing through the pipeline on July 15. (Reuters)
July 12: Sakhalin Oil Development Corporation, the Japanese partner in an international consortium in the Sakhalin-1 project, announces that oil drilling offshore has begun. The project, which may eventually see $12 billion invested in oil and natural gas development, is potentially the largest direct foreign investment in Russia. Total recoverable reserves at the Sakhalin-1 area are estimated to be of oil and of natural gas. (DJ)
July 15: The operator of Israel's Eilat-Ashkelon pipeline, a bi-directional pipeline linking the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, announces that the pipeline is operational. The pipeline, with a current capacity of , but a design capacity of , provides an alternative to the Suez Canal, as both Israeli ports can handle VLCCs, whereas Suez cannot. Perhaps even more importantly, with the new southerly flow, Russian crude on small tankers from the Bosporus will be able to eventually load onto VLCCs bound for East Asia. (Reuters)
July 15: Hurricane Claudette hits the Texas coast about southwest of Houston. According to the U.S. Minerals Management Service, an estimated per day of natural gas had been shut in by Claudette, or about 18% of the Gulf's total gas output. Also, about of oil, or some 21% of the Gulf of Mexico's daily oil production, has been shut down. Production is quickly restored in the next few days. (Reuters)
July 16: Italian oil and gas major Eni announces that it has begun exporting oil production from the giant Karachaganak field in Kazakhstan to the Novorossiysk terminal on the Black Sea. In addition, Eni said that it and its partners had completed pipelines and treatment facilities so that output from the oil field could grow by the end of the year to of oil equivalent per day from the current of oil equivalent per day. (DJ)
July 16: Royal Dutch/Shell and Total successfully conclude the first deal with Saudi Arabia giving Western companies access to the Kingdom's hydrocarbon reserves since the nationalization of its petroleum industry. The agreement entails natural gas exploration and development across in Saudi Arabia's Empty Quarter. Previous efforts to open up Saudi Arabia's upstream natural gas sector, known as "Saudi Arabia's natural gas initiative" and the three "Core Ventures" were larger, with each estimated to be worth $10–$15 billion. The Core Ventures fell apart in June due to conflicts with foreign investors over financial terms. (Reuters)
July 25: The first delivery of liquefied natural gas (LNG) since 1980 is made to the reactivated Cove Point LNG regasification plant in Maryland, as a tanker from Trinidad arrives carrying of LNG. According to Dominion, owner of the facility, the plant will be able to supply of natural gas per day, and will be the largest LNG regasification facility in the United States. (WP)
July 31: Oil Ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), meeting in Vienna, decide to keep their crude oil production quotas unchanged until their next meeting, on September 24. The combined quota for the ten members participating in the quota regime (i.e. excluding Iraq) is . (WSJ)
August 7: The United States estimates that restoring Iraq's oil sector to its pre-war status will cost at least $1.1 billion and take nine months to complete. Prior to the war, Iraq was producing around per day and exporting around per day. Current production is closer to , with exports of about per day. (LAT))
August 14: Libya reportedly agrees to compensate families of the 1988 Lockerbie airplane bombing with $2.7 billion total. The money is to be released in three tranches, the first following a lifting of United Nations sanctions, the second after possible lifting of U.S. sanctions, and the third after Libya is removed from the U.S. State Department's state sponsors of terrorism list. (WMRC)
August 14: A huge electric power blackout hits large parts of the northeastern United States, the Midwest, and southern Canada late in the afternoon. Power is out for at least several hours in major cities like New York, Detroit, Cleveland, and Toronto. Three months later, on November 19, the U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force, led by U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham and Canadian Natural Resource Minister Herbert Dhaliwal, releases a 124-page investigative report which concludes that the blackout was "largely preventable" and cites several failures by regional utility companies and regulators. Analyses are also published by The Michigan Public Service Commission and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). (NYT, WSJ, AP)
August 14: Russia approves a $13 billion merger between Yukos and Sibneft, creating "YukosSibneft," Russia's first "supermajor" and one of the world's largest publicly traded oil companies. (WMRC)
August 15: Iraq's crucial northern oil pipeline from Kirkuk to the Turkish port of Ceyhan is attacked, stopping flows on the line just two days after it reopened for the first time since the war. The pipeline had a pre-war capacity of , but sustained significant damage during hostilities and had started pumping at only around . Repairs to the line from the latest attack may take weeks, while full restoration of the pipeline's pre-war capacity could take months. (WMRC)
September 1: Ibrahim Bahr al-Uloum, a former Iraqi exile, is appointed Iraq's first post-war oil minister by the country's Governing Council. Uloum replaces Thamir Ghadhban, who had been the acting oil minister since early May. (Reuters)
September 10: The Inter-American Development Bank approves financing for Peru's Camisea natural gas project. The Camisea fields were discovered by Shell in 1986 and are estimated to hold of natural gas and of condensate, possibly transforming Peru into a net energy exporter. (DJ, WP, WMRC, EIA)
September 11: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approves a plan for the new Cameron liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal in Hackberry, Louisiana. Cameron represents the first such project in the United States in over 20 years. (NYT)
September 12: The United Nations (U.N.) Security Council lifts 11-year-old sanctions against Libya. Development of Libya's sizeable oil resources has been hindered by the sanctions, which were imposed in 1992 in an effort to extradite two Libyans indicted for the 1998 bombing of an American plane over Scotland.
September 19: Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh announces that the deal which granted a Japanese consortium preferential rights to develop Iran's Azadegan oil field has expired. The consortium was granted the rights in late 2000, but had yet to negotiate and sign a contract. The Azadegan field is estimated to hold some of oil. (Platts)
September 24: OPEC members agree to cut the output ceiling for the ten member countries, excluding Iraq, by to , effective November 1. Iraq attends the OPEC meeting for the first time since 1990. OPEC cited concerns that the world oil market will be oversupplied in 2004 leading to lower prices. (Reuters)
September 30: The Chicago Climate Exchange announces its first auction of emission allowances. Although emissions cuts are still voluntary, the exchange is considered an important prototype. (WMRC)
October 3: Chad's President Idriss Deby announced that the new Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline is officially "onstream." Chad began pumping oil into the pipeline in July 2003 from the Doba field. The $3.7 billion Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline represents the World Bank's single largest investment ever in sub-Saharan Africa. (NYT)
October 4: The Russian oil companies Yukos and Sibneft complete their merger, creating YukosSibneft, the world's fourth-largest private oil producer. The news is accompanied by rumors that major American firms are interested in making a deal with YukosSibneft to gain access to the Russian energy market. (WP)
October 14: Bowing to protests, Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada announces he will not pursue a plan to export more than one billion cubic feet per day of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to the United States through Chile. The proposal had led to massive popular protests in Bolivia, resulting in the deaths of at least 16 people. (WSJ, WP, NYT)
November 4: The International Finance Corporation, the private lending division of the World Bank, approves a $250 million loan for the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. Later, on November 11, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development approves its $250 million loan for the project. The pipeline will enable crude oil exports from the land-locked Caspian Sea region to reach world markets through the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan. (WSJ, EIA, WMRC)
November 18: ChevronTexaco reports that it has received final approval form the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to build the world's first-ever deepwater liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal at Port Pelican in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The plant will have a capacity of per day, with construction to begin in 2004 and to be completed in 2007. (WMRC)
November 21: The United Nations hands over the "oil-for-food" program in Iraq to the U.S.-led administration in Baghdad. The "oil-for-food" program was established by the United Nations in 1995, and used proceeds from the sale of Iraqi oil to buy food and medicine for Iraqis as well as to finance infrastructure and humanitarian projects. Iraqi oil exports reportedly have reached around . (USAT, WMRC)
November 24: The U.S. Congress abandons plans to pass an energy bill before the end of the legislative session. The bill was approved in the United States House of Representatives on November 18, but then blocked in the Senate as its proponents were unable to close debate on the issue and call for a vote. The legislation has been under construction for three years and represents Congress's first attempt at a comprehensive energy bill since 1992. The bill's proponents intend to revisit the issue in 2004. (NYT, WP, WSJ)
November 28: Russian oil company Sibneft makes a surprise announcement suspending its merger with Russian oil major Yukos citing technical difficulties. The $13 billion merger was announced in April 2003, and would create the world's fifth-largest publicly traded oil company. (WP, WSJ)
December 2: President George W. Bush signs a $27.3 billion energy and water bill that includes funding for a nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The repository remains a source of controversy between state and federal officials. (AP)
December 4: OPEC holds its 128th meeting to review oil markets in Vienna, Austria, leaving OPEC 10 output quotas unchanged. (DJ)
December 15: Oil prices fall 4% on the news that U.S. military forces capture Saddam Hussein near his hometown of Tikrit, Iraq. (CBS, WMRC)
December 18: BP signs a 20-year deal to sell per day of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from its Tangguh facility in Indonesia to the U.S. energy company Sempra Energy. The LNG will be shipped to Sempra's proposed import and regasification terminal in Baja California, Mexico before being distributed to buyers in the United States. (DJ)
December 22: Libya announces that it will abandon its weapons of mass destruction programs and comply with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The United States welcomes the move, but says that it will maintain economic sanctions until it sees evidence of compliance. (WMRC, NYT)
Sources
Energy Information Administration: Chronology of World Oil Market Events
Commodity Research Bureau. The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2003, 2003.
OtherSources include: Associated Press (AP), Dow Jones (DJ), Japan Times, Los Angeles Times (LAT), New York Times (NYT), Oil Daily (OD), Reuters, USA Today (USAT), Wall Street Journal (WSJ), Washington Post (WP), World Markets Research Center (WMRC).
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Oil market timelines
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Oil market | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20world%20oil%20market%20chronology |
James Anthony "Ripper" Collins (March 30, 1904 – April 15, 1970) was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a first baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, and the Pittsburgh Pirates. A switch hitter who threw left-handed, Collins was listed as tall and weighed , during his playing days. Despite his stature, he was a power hitter who in co-led the National League (NL) with 35 home runs (HR).
The nickname "Ripper" developed during an on-field incident that occurred when Jimmy was a young player. A ball rocketed off his bat and struck a nail protruding from the outfield fence; it caused the cover to partially tear. When asked who hit the ball, the retrieving outfielder saw the ball hanging and said, "It was the ripper."
Baseball career
Born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, Collins grew up in nearby Nanty Glo, where he was a standout in sandlot baseball, in his youth. He started his Minor League Baseball (MiLB) career in 1923, playing in various leagues for eight seasons. Then, in 1930, Collins hit .376 with 40 HR for the Rochester Red Wings of the International League (IL). His 180 runs batted in (RBI) set an IL record.
For that performance, Collins was called up to the big league St. Louis Cardinals, in 1931. As a member of the Gashouse Gang Cardinals teams, Collins had a breakout season in 1934 with 35 homers (sharing the league's long-ball championship with future Baseball Hall of Famer Mel Ott), 128 RBI, and a .333 batting average (BA). That year, he also hit .367 in the World Series, which the Cardinals won in seven games.
Collins is the only first baseman to have twice recorded no putouts in a nine-inning game – once for the 1935 Cardinals and again for the 1937 Chicago Cubs. Between his time with the Cubs and the Pirates, Collins spent two years with the Los Angeles Angels, playing in 346 games, during that time.
In 1,084 games played, Collins compiled a .296 BA (1,121 for 3,784), with 615 runs scored, 135 HR, and 659 RBI with 205 doubles, 65 triples and 356 bases on balls. His on-base percentage (OBP) was .360, with a .492 slugging percentage (SLG). Collins hit better than .300 four times in a nine-year major league career. In 13 World Series games, he batted .277 (13 for 47). Defensively, Collins recorded a .991 regular season fielding percentage.
Collins played in the Pacific Coast League and Eastern League, after his big league career was over. In 1944, he was named Minor League Player of the Year as the player-manager of the Albany Senators of the Eastern League. That season — at the age of 40 — Collins hit .396 with a league-leading 40 doubles.
Collins returned to the major leagues as a member of the Cubs' College of Coaches from 1961–63, and was a scout for the Cardinals at the time of his death (in 1970, at age 66).
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
References
External links
Ripper Collins at The Deadball Era
1904 births
1970 deaths
Albany Senators players
Baseball players from Altoona, Pennsylvania
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago Cubs scouts
Danville Veterans players
Jacksonville Tars players
Johnstown Johnnies players
Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball first basemen
National League All-Stars
National League home run champions
People from Nanty Glo, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Rochester Red Wings players
St. Louis Cardinals players
St. Louis Cardinals scouts
San Antonio Missions managers
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Savannah Indians players
Wilson Tobacconists players
York White Roses players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripper%20Collins%20%28baseball%29 |
"Make a Secret" is BoA's sixteenth Japanese single, and fifth lowest selling. The title track was used for a Kose Fasio commercial, and although the A-side track, "Make a Secret", was promoted, the B-side, "Long Time No See", won more acclaim and praise from fans. After the eyebrow-raising performance of her Do the Motion single, this single came as a huge disappointment to fans and staff alike.
Overview
Released on August 31, 2005, this was BoA's fourth lowest selling single until Dakishimeru was released in November. This single got little to no promotion, and the commercial for KOSE Fasio was rarely shown on television. Also, coinciding with the release of Mika Nakashima's Nana single (a single featuring songs from the huge movie hit, Nana, and which would go on to sell over 420,000 copies) this single was doomed to failure and would go on to barely sell 48,000 copies in three weeks, and 54,000 copies overall.
Commercial endorsements
The title track, make a secret, was used as the theme song for a Kose Fasio cosmetics commercial. The commercial was shot in a dance studio and features BoA and several other girls in white "school-girl" outfits dancing together. After several seconds of BoA and one girl dancing a "salsa" like dance (with the other girls chanting "ichi, ni, han! [one, two, three!]), BoA is shown applying the makeup from the multi-use applicator in three steps. The commercial was shown in both Korea and Japan (dubbed over in Korean for the Korean version) and featured two alternative versions: in the first the double applicator is an orange hue and BoA says, "eye tsumo two way" at the end, and in the second version the double applicator is a grey hue and she says, "lip tsumo two way".
Music video
The promotional video for "make a secret" contained six scenes: BoA sitting/standing in a studio with large photo lights, first reading a newspaper, and then getting pictures taken. In another scene BoA is in a black room dancing with four male backup dancers, in the third scene BoA is dancing in a black room full of ropes, and in another scene BoA is singing in both a dark and light room (as shown in the screen cap). In another scene BoA is taking photographs/having photos of herself taken in another black room, and in the last scene BoA is in a red room having photographs of herself taken.
Track listing
Make a Secret
Long Time No See
Make a Secret (Instrumental)
Long Time No See (Instrumental)
TV performances
August 24, 2005 - NTV「ミンナのテレビ (NTV Minna no Terebi Guest)
August 30, 2005 - ANB「あしたまにあ～な」（PVオンエア） (PV on Air)
September 2, 2005 - ANB「Music Station」
September 3, 2005 - CX「Music Fair 21」
September 4, 2005 - Music On! TV KISS×KISS
September 9, 2005 - NHK POPJAM
Charts
2005 singles
2005 songs
BoA songs
Torch songs
South Korean synth-pop songs
Avex Trax singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make%20a%20Secret |
Zuiderwoude is a village in the municipality of Waterland, province of North Holland, Netherlands. It lies about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the municipal administrative centre Monnickendam. In 2021, the statistical area of Zuiderwoude had a population of 320, up from 260 in 2004.
History
The village has been known under various names throughout history: Zuderwout (1340), Zuderwoude (1342), Zuiderwoude (1352), Suyderwoude (1358), Zuyrwoude (1494), Zuider woude (1573), Suyderwoudt (1745). In 1628, Zuiderwoude formed a heerlijkheid with neighbouring Uitdam, until both villages became part of the municipality of Broek in Waterland in 1811.
The current village church (Kerk Zuiderwoude) from 1877 stands where a church has stood since the 11th century. Its address is Dorpstraat 1.
References
Populated places in North Holland
Waterland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderwoude |
An auscultare, q.d. to hear, listen, was a person appointed, in monasteries, to hear the monks read prayers, who instructed them how to perform it, before they were admitted to read publicly in the church, or before the people. The purpose was to insure the reading of prayers with a graceful tone or accent, so to make an impression on the hearers.
"Quicunque Lecturus vel Cantaturus est aliquid in Monasterio; si necesse babeat ab eo, viz. Cantore, priusquam incipiat debet Auscultare." — Lanfranc in Decreta pro ordinis S. Benedicti.
References
See also
Auscultation
Christian religious occupations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auscultare |
Uitdam is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and lies on the coast of the IJsselmeer, about 12 km northeast of Amsterdam.
The village was first mentioned in 1345 as Udam, and means "damn outside the dike". Uitdam and neighbouring Zuiderwoude formed a heerlijkheid in 1628 which existed until 1811. Uitdam was home to 88 people in 1840. The first church was built in the 17th century. The current church dates from 1937.
Gallery
References
Populated places in North Holland
Waterland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uitdam |
A Weidling is a flat-bottomed boat, with similarities to a punt. The weidling is traditionally constructed from solid wood, although today some boats are also made from plywood, plastic or aluminium. It is usually around 9 or 10 metres (30 or 33 ft) in length. A larger version is known as the Langschiff, and is up to in length.
In the Middle Ages, the weidling was used for river transportation and fishing, and is depicted in contemporary works of art, including a set of altar panels by Hans Leu the Elder.
Today, the boat is primarily used in Switzerland, on the Rhine and its tributaries, including the Aar and Limmat. It is used as a leisure and pleasure craft, and as a passenger ferry. The sport of Wasserfahren in Switzerland is conducted almost exclusively with weidlings.
In deep water, the weidling is traditionally propelled by one or two oars. In shallow areas, the boat can be poled along by one or two standing crew members. On waterways with suitable banks, the weidling can also be towed from shore. If the boat has a corresponding recess in the rear floor, it can also be equipped with an outboard motor.
References
External links
Boat types | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weidling%20%28boat%29 |
Joseph Buford (born June 19, 1967) is an American former professional stock car racing driver.
Racing career
Buford began his career at Duck River Speedway in 1989. He took his father's advice (two-time Nashville Speedway USA champ James "Flookie" Buford) and started racing at Nashville in 1991. He was an instant success, winning three races and the "Rookie of the Year" honors. He moved to the premier late model division in 1992. Buford was a four-time track champion at the historic track (1998, 1999, 2000, 2002), tying Coo Coo Marlin for the most titles in track history. His 66 victories passed the long-standing Darrell Waltrip record of 55 career victories at the track. He was the 1998 Heartland Region Champion (missing the national title by only a 1/2 point). He finished second in the Heartland Region in 1999 and 2000.
Buford won two NASCAR Southern Division races. He finished third in his first NASCAR Goody's Dash Series race. He also raced in the All-Pro Series. Buford started three Craftsman Truck Series and 18 Busch Series races with little success.
The total amount of races that he entered were 39. During his career he had a race win percentage of 17.9%. He won 7 races in total. His strongest
year (career wise) was 2000. He entered 18 races and won 7 in 2000.
Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Busch Series
Craftsman Truck Series
ARCA Bondo/Mar-Hyde Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
References
External links
1967 births
NASCAR drivers
Living people
Sportspeople from Franklin, Tennessee
Racing drivers from Tennessee
ARCA Menards Series drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Buford |
The United States has maintained a consular presence in New Zealand since 1838. The first consul was James Reddy Clendon. Born in England, Clendon was a ship owner and merchant who bought land and settled in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. In 1838 he was appointed by the federal government of the United States as consul for New Zealand. He was based at his property at Okiato, which in 1840 became the capital and was renamed Russell (not to be confused with present-day Russell). He held this position until 1841.
On July 16, 2021 President Joe Biden nominated former Senator Tom Udall to serve as United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. He was confirmed by the Senate on October 26, 2021 and the start of his tenure began on December 2, 2021.
The Ambassador to New Zealand is also accredited to Samoa though resident in Wellington.
List of United States ambassadors to New Zealand
See also
Embassy of the United States, Wellington
New Zealand - United States relations
Samoa - United States relations
Foreign relations of New Zealand
Foreign relations of Samoa
Ambassadors of the United States
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (New Zealand)
References
United States Department of State: Background notes on New Zealand
United States Department of State: Background notes on Samoa
External links
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for New Zealand
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Samoa
United States Department of State: New Zealand
United States Department of State: Samoa
United States Embassy in Wellington
United States
New Zealand
Main
United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ambassadors%20of%20the%20United%20States%20to%20New%20Zealand |
Stier (HSK 6) was an auxiliary cruiser of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her Kriegsmarine designation was Schiff 23, to the Royal Navy she was Raider J.
The name Stier means "bull" and also represents the Taurus constellation in the German language. She was the last German raider to break out into the Atlantic in World War II.
Early history
Built by Germaniawerft in 1936 as the freighter Cairo, she was operated by the Atlas Levant Line (ALL) until being requisitioned for Kriegsmarine services in November 1939. After merchant warfare operations in the Baltic Sea, she was converted into a mine layer and was planned to be used during Operation Sea Lion. After this operation was canceled, the now renamed Stier was modified into an auxiliary cruiser in April 1941, first at the Wilton shipyard Rotterdam and later at Oderwerke, Stettin, and Kriegsmarinewerft, in Gotenhafen (Gdynia).
Raiding voyage
On 10 May 1942 she left Germany for operations in the Atlantic. Moving by stages down the English Channel, and after an engagement with British coastal forces on the 13th which saw the loss of two torpedo boats (German) and one MTB (British), Stier reached Royan in occupied France on the 19th. From there she departed under the command of Fregattenkapitän (later Kapitän zur See) Horst Gerlach for operations in the South Atlantic. On a cruise of 4½ months she sank three ships. On 27 September 1942, she engaged and sank American cargo ship , whose resistance inflicted so substantial damage that Stier had to be scuttled by her crew.
So during her operation the Stier sank four ships, totalling 29,409 tons (GRT).
Final engagement
On 27 September 1942 Stier encountered the Liberty ship Stephen Hopkins en route from Cape Town to Paramaribo.
Closing in foggy conditions, the two ships sighted each other around 08:52 AM at a distance of 4,000 yards. Gerlach sent his men to action stations; the master of the Stephen Hopkins was suspicious of the unidentified vessel and did the same. The Stephen Hopkins had a small defensive armament (1 × 4 inch gun astern, 2 x 37mm guns of an unknown model forward, and 6 x machine guns), but when firing commenced, around 08:55, she put up a spirited defense. She scored several hits on Stier, damaging her engines and steering gear. However, overwhelmed by fire from Stier, the Hopkins drifted away; by 10 a.m. she had sunk. Forty-two of her crew were killed in the action, and three more died later; the fifteen survivors finally reached Brazil 31 days later. Stephen Hopkins'''s commander, Captain Paul Buck, was posthumously awarded the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for his actions. So was United States Merchant Marine Academy cadet Edwin Joseph O'Hara, who single-handedly fired the last shots from the ship's 4-inch gun.
Meanwhile, Stier had been heavily damaged: unable to make headway, and not responding to the helm. Gerlach made the decision to scuttle the ship and prevent her from falling into Allied hands. After the scuttling charges were exploded, Stier sank at 11:40 AM. All but two of her crew survived the fight, and returned to France on the German supply ship , which was accompanying Stier'' at the time of the action.
Raiding career
Citations
References
World War II commerce raiders
World War II cruisers of Germany
Ships built in Kiel
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
1936 ships
Maritime incidents in September 1942
Auxiliary cruisers of the Kriegsmarine
Naval magazine explosions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20auxiliary%20cruiser%20Stier |
January 18: Saudi Aramco formally inaugurates its new Haradh oil and natural gas facility. The Haradh plant is expected to boost Saudi natural gas production capacity by roughly 25%, most of which is slated for the domestic market. The Haradh facility also includes a gas-oil separation plant capable of processing , as well as infrastructure for delivering up to of condensates to the Kingdom's Abqaiq processing facility. Developing the country's relatively untapped natural gas potential could allow more oil to be allocated for export in the future. (Reuters, LAT, Platts)
January 22: U.S. Secretary of the Interior Gale Norton approves a plan to open parts of Alaska’s North Slope to oil exploration and drilling. Nine million acres (36,000 km2) of Alaska's National Petroleum Reserve will be opened to long-term production. The site lies adjacent to the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which remains closed to oil and gas drilling. (WP)
February 11: OPEC delegates meeting in Algiers agree to lower the cartel's output ceiling by per day, to , effective April 1. OPEC members also urge immediate compliance with the existing OPEC ceiling, as overproduction has been estimated at . Assuming full quota compliance, the decision could remove a total of from the world market in April. (NYT, WSJ)
February 19: The Royal Dutch Shell group announces that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has begun a formal investigation into the company's restatement of its oil and gas reserves. On January 9, 2004, Royal Dutch/Shell announced that it had overstated its proven oil and gas reserves by , or 20% due to overly optimistic assumptions about plans for developing its fields around the world. (NYT)
February 25: Total (France) and Petronas (Malaysia) sign an estimated $2 billion agreement with the National Iranian Oil Company to build Iran's first liquefied natural gas (LNG) export facility. The two-train facility will have a capacity of per year, with natural gas to come from Iran’s South Pars field. Production of LNG is expected to begin in 2009. Iran holds the world’s second largest natural gas reserves—after Russia—and development of LNG facilities would allow the country to export gas around the world. (WMRC)
February 26: The United States rescinds a ban on travel to Libya and authorizes U.S. oil companies with pre-sanctions holdings in Libya to negotiate on their return to the country if and when the United States lifts economic sanctions. The United States first imposed sanctions on Libya in 1986 following terrorist attacks in Rome and Vienna. Several U.S. oil companies were forced to abandon their assets in Libya when sanctions were imposed in 1986, including the “Oasis Group” (Marathon Oil, ConocoPhillips, Amerada Hess) and Occidental Petroleum. (WSJ)
March 31: OPEC members unanimously agree to implement the cartel’s oil production cuts effective April 1, as agreed to in February. Relatively high prices for oil and petroleum products had prompted several consuming countries, including the United States, to suggest that OPEC members vote to postpone the cuts and put downward pressure on oil prices. According to the cartel’s official communiqué following the meeting, “Notwithstanding prevailing high prices, the Conference observed that the crude oil market remains more than well supplied as the world moves into the traditionally lower seasonal demand period.” (Reuters)
April 21: A car bomb explodes outside a police building in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, marking the first major attack by militants on governmental targets in the Kingdom. Four people are killed and 148 are wounded. The country's major export facilities are not harmed, but port authorities maintain a “heightened sense of security.” Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil producer and America's second largest foreign supplier of crude oil and petroleum products after Canada. (Reuters, Platts, EIA)
May 22: OPEC oil ministers meet in Amsterdam at a forum of energy producing and consuming nations to discuss a response to high oil prices (near-month West Texas Intermediate was above $40 per barrel the previous week). Saudi Arabia calls on OPEC to raise production quotas by as much as 11%, but the ministers do not come to an agreement other than to meet again in Beirut on June 3. Saudi Arabia decides to unilaterally increase its crude oil production beyond its quota to in June. (Reuters)
May 30: Saudi militants attack a complex in Khobar, Saudi Arabia, housing foreign workers. After killing various Saudis and foreigners upon entering the compound on May 29, the militants take hostages, and later kill nine of them. Three of the militants are able to escape despite the efforts of the Saudi security forces. This attack, as well as earlier ones in the kingdom, has foreigners and foreign firms reconsidering their presence in Saudi Arabia. (Reuters)
June 1: Near-month crude oil futures on the NYMEX reach a record nominal settlement high of $42.33 per barrel, with traders thought to be reacting to the weekend terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia on top of an already tight market. This is the highest nominal settlement price since the founding of the NYMEX crude oil futures market in 1983. (WSJ)
June 3: OPEC Ministers meeting in Beirut agree to raise OPEC production quotas by a combined effective July 1 and a further effective August 1. This will bring the combined quota in August for the 10 OPEC countries participating in the quota system (Iraq does not participate) to . Crude oil prices fall somewhat in response to this news. OPEC is scheduled to meet again on July 21 to review this decision. (AP)
June 4: U.S. Assistant Secretary of Commerce William H. Lash announces that Libya has sent its first shipment of crude oil to the United States since the resumption of ties between the two countries in recent months. (AP)
June 15: Workers at French state energy companies Electricité de France and Gaz de France go on strike in protest over plans to privatize the two companies. Workers reduce electricity output by about 15% on June 15 and by 10% on June 16. A 225-kilovolt line between France and Spain is also cut, and reductions are targeted at areas where prominent politicians live and at national landmarks as the strike continues throughout the month. The striking workers also cause delivery reductions at two LNG terminals. (Reuters)
July 15: OPEC agrees to raise its crude oil production target by (2% of current OPEC production) by August 1—in an effort to moderate high crude oil prices. (WSJ)
July 22: Yukos, one of Russia’s largest crude oil producers, warns that it could go bankrupt within three weeks because of the government's decision to freeze its assets and bank accounts, jeopardizing the operations of Russia's largest oil producer and potentially disrupting the company's exports to world markets. (WP)
August 9: The Russian government disregards the August 6 ruling of a Moscow court and seizes the main production unit of Yukos, Yuganskneftegaz. On August 6, the court had declared that the Russian government's seizure of Yuganskneftegaz was illegal, a decision which had marked the first major court victory for Yukos since Russian authorities began proceedings against the company more than a year ago. Furthermore, on August 5, the government had unexpectedly withdrawn permission for Yukos to use its financial assets to continue operations, reversing a decision made 24 hours earlier. (WP, WSJ)
September 14: In the biggest disruption of the region's output in at least two years, Hurricane Ivan forces Royal Dutch Shell, ChevronTexaco, ExxonMobil, and Total to shut some hundreds of thousands of barrels per day of Gulf of Mexico oil production as the companies evacuate more than 3,000 workers from the offshore oil platforms. Oil tankers from Venezuela also face a three-day delay on deliveries to the United States because of the hurricane. The U.S. Minerals Management Service reports that Ivan has reduced Gulf Coast oil production by 61%. (Bloomberg, DJ, Reuters)
September 20: President Bush lifts a variety of U.S. sanctions on Libya, paving the way for American oil companies to try to secure contracts or revive previous contracts for tapping Libya's oil reserves, estimated at . (NYT)
September 24: In the aftermath of Hurricane Ivan, U.S. Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham agrees to release of oil in the form of a loan from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Refineries are reporting supply shortages due to cuts in production and delayed imports. Prices of NYMEX WTI prompt month crude oil rise $0.42 to $48.88 per barrel despite the release. A bout of crude oil production is shut-in, along with per day of natural gas production. By February 2005, lasting damage from the Hurricane continues to cause shut-ins of over of crude oil production (over 7% of the yearly production in the Gulf of Mexico) and over of natural gas (almost 4% of the Gulf's yearly production). (NYT, MMS)
October 22: The NYMEX WTI prompt month crude oil contract price closes at an all-time high of $55.17 per barrel after the Energy Information Administration reports a fifth straight weekly decrease in U.S. heating oil stocks. Lasting effects from Hurricane Ivan have also forced the shut-in of natural gas and crude oil production from the Gulf Coast. (NYT, CNN)
October 28: After its approval by the Russian cabinet and the lower half of the Russian legislature earlier in October, the upper house of the legislature ratifies the Kyoto Protocol global climate treaty and returns it to the executive branch for its approval. Russian ratification is necessary for the Protocol to take effect because participating countries must have been responsible for 55% of global emission in 1990, and Russia is the only remaining country that can trigger the 55% threshold. One of the Protocol's main tasks is to implement a reduction in emissions of the six greenhouse gases to 1990 levels by 2012. The Bush administration announced three years ago that it would not join the accord. (WP, USA Today)
November 2: Saboteurs mount a large attack on Iraq’s oil infrastructure by blowing up three pipelines in the north, thereby cutting exports at the Turkish port of Ceyhan. The first pipeline attack destroys a portion of the export route to Turkey, and other explosions occur in an area about southwest of the oil producing center of Kirkuk. The explosions affect oil supplies to Iraq’s biggest refinery at Baiji and imports of refined products. Crude oil exports resumed three days later. (Reuters)
November 16: A U.S. Senate probe finds that Iraq illegally earned approximately $21.3 billion by circumventing UN sanctions between 1991 and 2003. The figure is double the amount reported by the Duelfer Report that was released in October 2004. The Senate’s Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations also releases details on the way in which Saddam Hussein manipulated the UN’s Oil for Food Program. (WP)
November 22: Ukraine holds a run-off presidential election between Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych and opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko. Although exit polls show large-scale support for Yushchenko, initial official results show Yanukovych with a 2% lead. Massive opposition-led protests ensue in Kyiv in what is commonly referred to as the “Orange Revolution”. Ukraine is a pivotal transit state for Russian oil and natural gas exports to continental Europe, as well as a major regional producer of coal. Yushschenko later wins a third runoff election at the end of December 2004. (NYT, AP)
December 5: Around 300 unarmed Nigerian villagers - including women and children - from the Kula community in Rivers State in the southern Niger Delta, seize three oil flow stations operated by multinational oil companies Shell and ChevronTexaco, shutting in (bbl/d) of production for one week. A community spokesman claims that his people are protesting because they feel they have been overlooked for jobs. The incident is the second attack on oil flow stations in the Niger Delta in two weeks. (WMRC)
December 10: In its quarterly meeting, OPEC agrees to cut production of crude oil to official quota levels. The OPEC Ministers say the cartel will lower crude oil production by effective January 1. Currently, ten of OPEC's members are exceeding their official quota by (Iraq does not have a quota). OPEC members pledge to meet again on January 30 to discuss whether further cuts are necessary. Saudi Arabia plans to decrease crude oil output by starting on January 1, 2005. (NYT, AP, WP)
December 18: Yuganskneftegaz, the largest subsidiary of Yukos, is auctioned off to a previously unknown company called Baikal Finans Group (BFG) for a well-below-market value of $9.4 billion. The unit is being sold to help cover more than $27 billion in tax claims the Russian government says it is owed by Yukos over the last year—part of a broader campaign against the company and its founder, Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky. Under threat of having the government auction its largest oil asset, Yukos filed for bankruptcy in a U.S. court in Houston, Texas, earlier in the week. In response, many banks that were preparing to back Gazprom in its bid for the oil unit dropped their support. Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft buys all of BFG five days later. (WSJ, NYT)
December 20: Exelon, the United States’ largest nuclear power producer agrees to buy New Jersey-based Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG) for a reported $13.2 billion in stock, thus creating the largest utility in the United States. Pending some anticipated regulatory hurdles, the combined company will increase Exelon's generating capacity about 50% to around 52,000 megawatts (MW). (Reuters)
December 26: The world's largest earthquake in 40 years triggers a devastating tsunami centered in the Indian Ocean affecting largely populated coastal areas of India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Almost 300,000 local residents and tourists are killed in the tsunami waves, yet damage to energy infrastructure is limited. Relief aid flows into the area from all over the world, increasing the value of local currencies. (NYT, WP, AP, Reuters)
December 31: The Russian government gives its long-awaited final approval for the Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline to the Pacific port of Nakhodka that would allow for exports to Japan and the western United States. The decision to move ahead with the Nakhodka pipeline rules out a proposed line to Daqing, China; however some concessions to China are expected. State oil pipeline monopoly Transneft will build a capacity pipeline from Taishet in East Siberia to the Perevoznaya Bay in the Pacific Primorsk region. The government gives no firm timeframe for the project, but says final proposals should be made before May 2005. (Reuters)
Sources
Energy Information Administration: Chronology of World Oil Market Events
Commodity Research Bureau. The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2004, 2004.
Other sources include: Associated Press (AP), Dow Jones (DJ), Los Angeles Times (LAT), The New York Times (NYT), Oil Daily (OD), USA Today (USAT), The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), The Washington Post (WP), World Markets Research Center (WMRC).
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World Oil Market Chronology, 2004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20world%20oil%20market%20chronology |
Invergowrie railway station is a railway station which serves the village of Invergowrie, west of the city of Dundee, Scotland on the north bank of the Firth of Tay. It is the only intermediate station between Dundee and Perth, on the Glasgow to Dundee line, approximately from Dundee station – and only around from the city's western boundary – and just over from Perth. ScotRail, who manage the station, provide all the services.
History
It was built by the Dundee and Perth Railway, a constituent company of the Scottish Central Railway and later the Caledonian Railway and opened in 1848. It has been threatened with closure on several occasions since the 1950s, narrowly avoiding the Beeching Axe and being reprieved again by British Rail in 1985 (unlike neighbouring , which closed in September that year).
Transport Scotland announced in March 2016 that Invergowrie would be one of several stations to benefit from a timetable upgrade that will see 200 additional services introduced across the Scotrail network from 2018.
The 1900 footbridge is category C listed.
An accident in October 1979, due to a signal passed at danger, killed five people and injured 59 others.
Facilities
The station only has very basic facilities. Platform 2 has a small shelter, a bench and a payphone, whilst platform 1 only has a single bench. The only step-free access at the station is between Station Road and platform 2, although the ramp has a moderate gradient. The platforms are linked by a footbridge. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train.
Services
As of May 2023, there is a roughly hourly service which calls here to both Glasgow Queen Street and Dundee. A small number of extra trains run at peak times to/from Perth, and there are also a few trains to/from Aberdeen or Arbroath to the east as extensions of the service to Dundee. There is no Sunday service.
References
External links
Video footage of the station on YouTube
Railway stations in Perth and Kinross
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Railway stations served by ScotRail
1847 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invergowrie%20railway%20station |
Île aux Noix () is an island on the Richelieu River in Quebec, close to Lake Champlain. The island is the site of Fort Lennox National Historic Site of Canada. Politically, it is part of Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix.
Background
Île aux Noix is a island in the Richelieu River. The French and Indian War caused the French to build a fort in 1759, named fort de l'Isle aux Noix, to slow the British advance on Montreal, but were forced to surrender it in 1760. In 1775, the island was taken by American forces, and used as a base by the American generals Philip Schuyler and Richard Montgomery for attacks on Montreal and Quebec. The Americans used the island again in 1776 during their retreat from Canada. Their army spent 10 days on the island: more than 900 American soldiers died from small pox and were buried in two mass graves on Isle aux Noix. The British then built a new fort in 1778 and named it the fort of Isle aux Noix. During the War of 1812, the British used the island to supply their operations against the American fleet on Lake Champlain. The present Fort Lennox was built from 1819 to 1829, when the old fortifications were completely demolished. It remained a military post until 1870 and is now a popular tourist location .
The Île aux Noix Naval Shipyard was a Royal Navy yard from 1812 to 1834 in Quebec and served the RN's Lake Champlain fleet during the War of 1812. HMS Confiance was one of several warships built here.
French fortifications
The population of New France during the last years of the Seven Years' War lived through difficult times. It faced an appreciable reduction in support from the home country, at a time when France's resources were being stripped by the situation on the European continent. In the colony from year to year, civilians and soldiers saw their hopes crushed as they worked out strategies, which were constantly deprived of the necessary royal support. The campaigns of 1759 and 1760 provide strong evidence of this situation and it is in this context that the strategists decided to build a fort on Île aux Noix.
From August 16 to 28, 1760, French soldiers commanded by Colonel Bougainville, were besieged by William Haviland during the British advance on Montreal. Bougainville realised that the fort of Île aux Noix could not resist a longer siege. On August 27, Bougainville had his troops silently leave the island in the middle of the night and headed to Montreal where he hoped his soldiers could help. The siege of Isle aux Noix ended on August 28, when a group of about forty French soldiers surrendered to the British forces.
The last French governor-general of New France, Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, surrendered to British Major General Jeffrey Amherst on September 8, 1760. France finally ceded Canada to the British in the Treaty of Paris, signed on February 10, 1763.
The strategic importance of Île aux Noix decreased as soon as the conquest of Canada was complete in 1760. Amherst had not thought it wise to preserve the French fortifications on Île aux Noix and therefore he ordered the razing of the entrenchments to salvage the construction materials, which might be reused at Crown Point.
First British fortifications
After New France became a British colony, there was not much use for Île aux Noix as a military post. The French fort was destroyed.
Yet after the American invasion of the province of Quebec in 1775-1776 by means of the Richelieu River, the British authorities decided to build a new fort on the island in 1778. It was used during the War of 1812. That fort was demolished to make place for Fort Lennox.
American occupation
In 1775, the island was taken by American forces and used as a base by the American generals Philip Schuyler and Richard Montgomery for attacks on Montreal and Quebec. After being defeated at Quebec and abandoning Montreal, the Continental Army regrouped at the island in 1776 in its retreat from the province of Quebec. The site returned to British hands as an important frontier fort, now its southernmost on the Richelieu. Blockhouses were constructed in 1779 to resist further attack. A much more impressive fortification was built from 1779 to 1782.
Images
Second British fortifications
During the War of 1812, the race for naval superiority in the area re-established the military importance of the island, which became the main support point for the British navy on this border. The flagship of the British squadron on Lake Champlain, , a 36 gun 5th rate frigate, became the largest vessel ever constructed at Île aux Noix.
See Battle of Lake Champlain
Postwar
The postwar period provided another opportunity to rethink the defensive system on the Upper Richelieu in the light of the experience acquired in the War of 1812. This time the endless debate between Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and Île aux Noix brought the engineer officers into direct opposition to the naval officers. The engineers favoured Saint-Jean because of the many possibilities of bypassing Île aux Noix, while the naval officers, convinced by the experiences of the recent war, preferred Île aux Noix because of its advantages against an operation over water. The latter were further favoured by the activities of the Americans a short distance from the border, since the construction of Fort Montgomery provided the competent British authorities with an argument for supporting Île aux Noix.
Troops
French regulars
British 1st Regiment of Foot (Royal Scots)
Internment camp
From 1940 the island was the home of an internment camp which held European Jewish refugees who had been forcibly removed from Britain. The camp was initially called Camp I, later Camp No. 41. Internees were treated as enemy aliens, and only after a year did the Canadian authorities begin to treat them as refugees. They were still not free to leave the camp, however, in some cases until 1944.
References
Further reading
Charbonneau, A. (1994). The Fortifications of Île Aux Noix. Supply and Services Canada.
External links
Île aux Noix
Fort Lennox National Historic Site
Landforms of Montérégie
River islands of Quebec
War of 1812 forts
Seven Years' War
American Revolutionary War sites
Military forts in Quebec
Royal Navy bases in Canada
Jewish Canadian history
World War II internment camps in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele%20aux%20Noix |
KZMJ (94.5 FM) is a radio station serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Texas. The station airs an urban adult contemporary format. The station is licensed to Gainesville and is owned by Urban One. Co-owned with KBFB and Reach Media, its studios are located in the Stone Tower Building in North Dallas, and its transmitter is located in Collinsville. KZMJ broadcasts in HD.
History
94.5 FM signed on in 1958 as KGAF-FM, the sister station to KGAF/1580. The station was owned by the Leonard Brothers, and the transmitter was east of Gainesville. KGAF would last until the 1980s, when the 94.5 frequency would be sold off.
KDNT-FM
94.5 was then sold to Mel Wheeler, who owned 106.1 (now KHKS). KDNT-FM broadcast a country format, which was previously on 106.1. The country format would be moved to the newly acquired 94.5 frequency. 94.5 would never claim good ratings in the Dallas–Fort Worth market due to the location of the tower east of Gainesville which would have a rimshot signal into the Metroplex.
KZRK
In July 1987, with KSCS and KPLX competing for the country audience with city-grade signals, KDNT-FM and its country format were dropped and became KZRK "Z-Rock 94-5". Wheeler, owner of KDNT, had died, and the station was sold once again.
KDGE
On June 30, 1989, after Ed Wodka bought the station, KZRK changed call letters to KDGE, adjusted the format to alternative rock, and rebranded the station as "94.5 The Edge". The first song on "The Edge" was "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?" by The Ramones. Bonneville International bought the station in late 1994, while Evergreen Media would purchase it in 1996; Evergreen would merge with Chancellor Media in 1998. Chancellor would look to improve 94.5's ERP at 78,000 watts. Part of the station's signal woes were solved when KDGE relocated its transmitter to its current location and increased the power to 98,000 watts.
KTXQ-FM
In October 2000, Clear Channel Communications would purchase AMFM (KDGE's owners at the time), which put them over ownership limits at that time. To resolve this, 94.5 FM and the intellectual property of rhythmic oldies-formatted sister station KTXQ, "Magic 102", were sold to Radio One. On November 9, 2000, at 6 a.m., KTXQ swapped formats and frequencies with KDGE, and the station's name was changed to "Magic 94.5". The last song on "94.5 The Edge" was "How Soon Is Now?" by The Smiths, while the first song on "Magic 94.5" was "I Would Die 4 U" by Prince.
K-Soul
On April 22, 2002, after stunting for a few days using the branding "Joyner 94.5", KTXQ-FM shifted to urban AC as KSOC "94.5 K-Soul", playing current R&B and classic soul. It was home to two syndicated shows: The Tom Joyner Morning Show (which previously aired on KKDA/K-104 and then-urban AC rival KRNB-FM) and Love, Lust and Lies with Michael Baisden in the afternoons.
Old School 94.5
On July 18, 2011, KSOC dropped the "K-Soul" branding after nine years. However, the format continued to run, although without disc jockeys with Michael Baisden dropped from the station's schedule. The staff of KSOC had indicated that changes were coming to the station, and they have accepted feedback from their listeners. At 5 p.m. on July 29, 2011, KSOC rebranded as Old School 94.5, although the station's format remained urban adult contemporary per Mediabase and Nielsen BDS. The last song of "K-Soul" was A Change Is Gonna Come by Sam Cooke, followed by the first song of the new format being Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now by McFadden & Whitehead. The launch was helped by former radio personalities Skip Murphy & Company (previously on KKDA-FM).
KSOC's playlist had a diverse mix of classic R&B and soul music from the 1960s to early 1990s, similar to its "Magic 102/94.5" predecessors, with less modern music. As of October 2011, Tom Joyner had returned to the morning drive, Janet G handled the 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. shift, and Kenny J handled the 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. slot.
Return to K-Soul
On January 22, 2014, at 9 a.m., following The Tom Joyner Morning Show, KSOC returned to the "K-Soul" branding, this time as K-Soul 94.5, launching with 94 hours of commercial-free music. While keeping a gold based presentation, KSOC updated its library to bring back tracks from the 1990s and 2000s. As of late March 2014, KSOC simulcasted on sister station KBFB's secondary HD broadcast on 97.9-HD2 for those in the immediate DFW area and southern neighbors who are not in KZMJ's pre-determined coverage area.
Boom 94.5
On November 14, 2014, at 6 p.m., KSOC changed their format to classic hip hop, branded as "Boom 94.5". As before, they provided 94 hours of commercial-free music. With the recent format change, the syndicated The Tom Joyner Morning Show, for which K-Soul was the local affiliate, was dropped, a change Joyner noted the following Monday morning on his show, where he told DFW listeners to download the free app for the iPhone or Android or listen on a different affiliate. A month after the format switch, ratings jumped from a 2.8 share to a 3.4 according to Nielsen and Mediabase (who oddly enough kept KSOC in the urban AC panel), cracking the Top 10 station list above its urban counterpart KBFB. However, this success would be short lived, as ratings for the station returned to the mid-1 shares in the market.
On October 10, 2016, KSOC tweaked their format by adding some R&B songs from the 1990s and early 2000s, and modified their slogan to "Classic Hip-Hop and Throwback R&B". Despite the format adjustment, ratings did not improve.
Majic 94.5
On September 11, 2017, at 6 a.m., KSOC flipped back to urban AC for the second time, now branded as "Majic 94.5". With the change, The Tom Joyner Morning Show returned to the market for the first time in nearly three years. On September 18, 2017, KSOC changed their call letters to KZMJ to match the new branding. KZMJ is the flagship station for the nationally syndicated quiet storm evening slow-jams program Love and R&B, hosted by singer/actor Al B. Sure!. Among other specialty programs is DJ Mo Dave's weekly mix show on Friday nights consisting of classic hip-hop tracks previously heard on the station when it was known as "Boom 94.5".
Signal
Unlike most of the area's FM stations like sister KBFB, which transmit their signals from Cedar Hill, KZMJ transmits its signal from an area East of Collinsville. Therefore, KZMJ's signal is much stronger in the Northern parts of the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex including Dallas, Denton, and McKinney as well as the cities of Decatur, Gainesville, Sherman, and Bonham, to as far North as Ardmore and Durant, Oklahoma, but is considerably weaker in Fort Worth and areas south of Dallas.
References
External links
KZMJ official website
DFW Radio/TV History
DFW Radio Archives
ZMJ
Urban One stations
Radio stations established in 1958
1958 establishments in Texas
Urban adult contemporary radio stations in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KZMJ |
The 2006 World Baseball Classic championship was the inaugural final of the World Baseball Classic played on March 20, 2006 at Petco Park in San Diego, United States. The best-of-one final was the match to determine the first world champion in baseball. Although this was the first iteration of the World Baseball Classic, both Cuba and Japan were favorites to win the championship, as they were the only countries to have appeared in the top four at every iteration in the Summer Olympics up to this final. Japan won by 4 runs to claim the first championship of the World Baseball Classic.
Both countries had to go through two rounds of group stages and the semi-finals in knockout format to reach the final. Cuba lost only two games, once to Puerto Rico in the first round and once to the Dominican Republic in the second round. However, Japan lost three times, twice to South Korea in each round and the United States in the second round. This sparked a format controversy since South Korea would have a better overall and head-to-head record than Japan by the end of the tournament. As such, Cuba was the favorite to win the final as the team with the higher winning percentage of games in the tournament were to be the home team.
The match began progressing when Japan's starting pitcher–Daisuke Matsuzaka–gave up four hits, five strikeouts and one run by the end of the 4th inning through a gyroball pitching style. Offensively, Japan was able to record 6 runs with the help of Ichiro Suzuki's batting style of contact hitting. Once the Japanese bullpen took the mound in the 6th inning, Cuba aggressively responded for the rest of the baseball game through power hitting. By the end of the eighth, the disparity would come down to one run in favor of Japan from Frederich Cepeda's home run, who would record three runs batted in by the end of the game. In the ninth, Japan would counter by pushing their offensive limit over Cuba's, which would result in a final score of ten to six. The aftermath of the final most notably included notice from Major League Baseball, from Cuba's increase in defection to Matsuzaka's impact for the World Series champion Boston Red Sox in the next year.
Background
Format
The 2006 World Baseball Classic was the first World Baseball Classic, organized jointly by the International Baseball Federation and Major League Baseball. The competition took place from March 3, 2006 to March 20, 2006, which marks a duration of 18 days. A unique approach to hosting in comparison to global governing bodies of sports such as FIFA, FIBA, and ICC, is that multiple countries can host at each stage in the competition. For this year, Japan, Puerto Rico, and the United States were granted hosting rights, although at different levels. There was no qualification required, and all teams were invited based on merit.
The structure of the tournament required two rounds of round-robin groups and a knockout stage beginning in the semi-finals. The round-robin groups would have the top two teams from each pool to advance to the next round. Outside of determining the home and away team, the next round would not be dependent of the previous one. A total of 39 matches were played in front of over 737,000 people combined. No adjustments were made from the original baseball rules, although teams have to face each other less in comparison to regional competitions like the World Series in North America.
Rosters
Japan would announce their roster, consisting of twenty-eight competitors from the Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan and two competitors from Major League Baseball in North America. The two representatives from MLB would consist of pitcher Akinori Otsuka from the Texas Rangers and outfielder Ichiro Suzuki from the Seattle Mariners. As for Cuba, all thirty Cubans in their roster came from the Cuban National Series, the professional league only played in Cuba. This is primarily due to the Cuban government having restricted rules for outside work not related to Cuba. If violated, the Cuban government would ban the individuals who broke the rules of working outside the country. Due to these reasons, only 2 MLB representatives were competing in the final, even though tens of MLB players were in different rosters.
Road to the championship
Round one
Japan was drawn into Group A of the first round, and was granted the right to host for this stage. The group featured the strongest teams in East Asia: China, Chinese Taipei, and South Korea. Japan was able to defeat China and Chinese Taipei with ease, outscoring 32 to 5 runs combined. However, Japan would suffer their first loss of the tournament to South Korea, with a slow slump from a 2–0 lead to lose the match 3 runs to 2. As a result, South Korea and Japan advanced to the second round as first and second place finishers in Group A respectively.
Cuba was drawn into Group C of the first round, with fellow Caribbean rival Puerto Rico as host. The group consisted of Panama from Central America along with the Netherlands from Europe–both widely regarded as the best in their respective regions–and the aforementioned Caribbean nations. Cuba had a slightly tougher time in their group, with a 2 run win against Panama and a 9 run rout in favor of Puerto Rico. However, the group did no resort to tiebreakers. As such, Puerto Rico and Cuba advanced to the second round as first and second place finishers in Group C respectively.
Other countries who advanced from the first round were the Dominican Republic, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela.
Round two
Japan and South Korea met with the top two finishers of Group B: Mexico and the United States (the host of this pool). Although Japan comfortably defeated Mexico by five runs, the Japanese would struggle against the United States and South Korea at this stage. The match against the United States sparked a controversy regarding a sacrifice fly appeal. The game was highly competitive with consistent back-and-forth leads up to the eighth where the controversy occurred. When Tsuyoshi Nishioka was on third base, he ran to the home plate once the sacrifice fly was hit from Akinori Iwamura. Initially, Japan scored another run to make the score four to three. However, the call was overturned because Nishioka ran earlier than allowed. This led to the United States defeating Japan from Alex Rodriguez's run batted in at the bottom of the ninth. In addition, Japan would lose to South Korea–who would sweep the group–by one run again. Japan, Mexico, and the United States would finish at 1–2 in Pool 1. However, Japan would be declared as the second place finishers due to their amount of runs scored by their opponents and innings pitched.
Group 2 was much less complex, although a tiebreaker was still used. Cuba and Puerto Rico met with the first and second place finishers of Group D: the Dominican Republic and Venezuela. The Cubans would edge host Puerto Rico by 1 run and comfortably defeat Venezuela by 5 runs. However, Cuba would lose to the Dominican Republic by four runs, which would cost them in the tiebreaker. Due to the Dominican Republic losing to Puerto Rico, who would lose to Venezuela, these results would lead to a head-to-head tiebreaker. Since the Dominican Republic and Cuba both finished with two wins and one loss while the other countries did not, they would both advance to the semi-finals. However, since Cuba lost to the Dominican Republic, the Cubans would finish in second place as well in Pool 2.
Semifinals
The United States was granted the right to host the 2006 World Baseball Classic semifinals and finals, although the Americans did not advance to this level. The stadium that would hold the semifinals and finals is Petco Park in San Diego, home to the San Diego Padres. As a rule in the World Baseball Classic, the team with the higher winning percentage of games in the tournament were to be the home team. If both teams hold a similar winning percentage, a coin flip would occur to determine the home and away team. By this rule, this favored South Korea the most as they had an undefeated record up to this point.
The first semifinal was played on March 18, 2006 at 12:00 p.m. PT that featured the 2nd-seed Dominican Republic and 3rd-seed Cuba. The match was met with frequent hitting from both teams that relied on a power hitting playstyle. Both countries scored a combined total of 20 hits. However, in terms of runs the match was scored in specific innings from both sides, due to the pitching battle and clutch defenses. The Dominican Republic would score one run in the sixth inning, and Cuba would respond with three runs in the seventh inning immediately. This would become the final score, and Cuba would advance to the championship.
The second semifinal was played on March 18, 2006 at 7:00 p.m. PT that consisted of undefeated 1st-seed South Korea and 4th-seed Japan. The match would be instrumental in their sports rivalry, as the winner of this match would reach the final and outplace the loser. Japan would avenge South Korea by overwhelming Korean batting in seven scoreless innings led by pitcher Koji Uehara. However, Japan would offensively struggle up to the 7th inning until Kosuke Fukudome rapidly paced the offense to score five runs in the seventh through his home run. Japan would end up scoring another run in the eighth, and securing a win against South Korea six runs to none. Once the game concluded, a format controversy would be brought up to light as South Korea would finish with the better overall and head-to-head record by the end of the tournament. The impact of this controversy was changing the format in the next edition, as double-elimination would replace round-robin in the first and second round.
Wind-up
News organizations had mixed predictions on who would win the final. On one hand, Japan had more experience in professional baseball, particularly from Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball whereas Cuba would consider themselves amateurs. On the other, Japan came into the knockouts as a fourth-seed and Cuba has more experience in international baseball, winning 25 of the 39 Baseball World Cups (the former premier global competition in baseball). In addition, first baseman Albert Pujols argued that most of the Cubans could compete in the MLB if they were rightfully given the opportunity to. On top of this, both were the only countries to make top four at all editions in the Summer Olympics, although Cuba would have three gold medals and one silver medal whereas Japan would have two bronze medals and one silver medal up to this point. However, Japan holds a 4–3 record to the final, while Cuba has a 5–2 record. Therefore, by the rules of the World Baseball Classic, Inc., WBCI would declare Cuba as the favorites to win the match due to their overall record in the tournament up to the final.
Championship
Summary
The final was played on March 20, 2006 at Petco Park in San Diego. This was the third game played at the park in the tournament, after the semi-finals where Japan beat South Korea and Cuba beat the Dominican Republic. The championship was played in front of nearly 43,000 people and began at 3:40 p.m. Pacific Time. Petco Park is widely known for being a pitcher's park, due to the high number of strikeouts and intentional walks likely coming from the marine layer and wind speed. On this day, the temperature recorded as with 10 mph in a windy setting. Umpires consisted of Americans Tom Hallion (HP), Bob Davidson (1B), Ed Hickox (2B), Chris Guiccione (RF), Australian Neil Poulton (LF), and Puerto Rican Carlos Rey (3B).
Japan changed their starting pitcher to Daisuke Matsuzaka–one of the pioneers of the Gyroball and owns a diverse arsenal–from Koji Uehara, who earned the win against South Korea. The park effects of Petco Park would prove to be favorable for Matsuzaka and would in turn make Cuba have a hard time batting due to their power batting style. Within the first four innings, Matsuzaka recorded five strikeouts to give the opportunity for the Japanese offense to largen their lead. In the fifth, Ichiro Suzuki hit a double to add two more runs, finishing the first half of the game with a six to one lead. Matsuzaka would exit the game right after this moment, and Cuba would respond aggressively offensively.
A single-base hit made by Yuli Gurriel initiated Cuba's comeback, although Gurriel made the first base through an error by the Japanese defense. Soon after in the sixth inning, Ariel Borrero made first base through an earned hit and Osmani Urrutia would bat in both Gurriel and Borreo to make Japan's lead cut from five to three runs. The seventh inning served as a quiet pitching battle between both teams. However, in the bottom of the eighth inning, Frederich Cepeda would make a home run with a batter on base to cut the disparity to one run in favor of Japan.
Japan would plan a hitting sequence in order to outplay Cuba offensively, as Japan specialized on contact hitting. The Japanese's performance of their fundamentals would show the most from Ichiro Suzuki, who would hit to the very right field and bat in Munenori Kawasaki to make the game seven to five runs. Japan would get on-base frequently throughout the inning, to the extent that the top of the ninth inning would end in ten to five runs. The offense would overwhelm the Cuban offense, as they were only able to score one more run in the bottom, finalizing Japan as the champion with ten to six runs as the score. Matsuzaka would be declared as the most valuable player of the tournament for setting the tone in the beginning of the game, particularly from intimidating the Cuban offense for four innings.
Statistics
Boxscore
Top
Bottom
References
External links
Championship
World Baseball Classic championship
2000s in San Diego
Baseball competitions in San Diego
Cuba–Japan relations
International baseball competitions hosted by the United States
International sports competitions in California
World Baseball Classic championship
ko:2006년 월드 베이스볼 클래식 경기 결과
zh:2006年世界棒球經典賽 (逐場比賽結果) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20World%20Baseball%20Classic%20championship |
Nakorotubu is one of nineteen districts in Fiji's Ra Province. It consists of seven sub-districts or sub-regions: the five villages of Namarai, Nacobau, Nadavacia, Saioko and Verevere.
Nakorotubu also refers to one of the four main traditional regions (with Saivou, Nalawa, Rakiraki) of Ra with the referral traditional title of Gonesau and covers the geographical area of seven of the nineteen districts or sub regions (tikina makawa) of Ra: Nakorotubu, Bureiwai, Kavula, Bureivanua, Nakoilava, Mataso and Navitilevu.
History
Nakorotubu recorded significant tribal war victories around the country that include the Puakaloa or Vuakaloa campaign, the conquer of the chiefly Kedekede fort of the Vuanirewa clan in Lakeba, Lau and the conquer of the whole of Vanua Levu (Cakaudrove, Bua and Macuata) in the' Torotorosila campaign'.
In the centre of Nabukadra village in Kavula, Nakorotubu is the grave of Ratu Mara Kapaiwai, a high chief of Bau Island, the grandfather of Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna who was killed as a result of intra-family rivalries involving his cousin, the then ruler of the kingdom of Bau, Ratu Seru Cakobau in the early 19th century. Before his death, he came to Nabukadra to request his cousin, Ratu Josua Mara Kapaiwai(1) to ensure that his heart is not eaten when he was hanged by Ratu Cakobau. Their great grandmothers Ofia and Moqei were half sisters, i.e. from same mother and were war tokens from the Puakaloa campaign to Bau and Nakorotubu respectively. The Nakorotubu warriors snatched Kapaiwai's body from Bau and had a proper burial at the center of Nabukadra village before Kapaiwai's heart could be eaten by Cakobau. The grave remains a prominent landmark at the center of Nabukadra village.
References
Districts of Ra Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakorotubu%20District |
Downtown Winnipeg is an area of Winnipeg located near the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers. It is the oldest urban area in Winnipeg, and is home to the city's commercial core, city hall, the seat of Manitoba's provincial government, and a number of major attractions and institutions.
The City of Winnipeg's official downtown boundaries are: the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline on the north, Gomez Street and the Red River on the east, and the Assiniboine River on the south; the western boundaries of downtown are irregular, following along a number of different streets, back lanes, and across properties. Generally speaking, the western boundaries are rarely further west of Balmoral and Isabel Streets. In 2016, Canadian Geographic produced a map that generalize Winnipeg's downtown boundaries.
Neighbourhoods in the downtown area include the Exchange District, Central Park, The Forks, and Chinatown. The downtown area is roughly . Winnipeg Square, Canada Life Centre, Portage Place, and the flagship store of The Bay (closed 30 November 2020) are all located on the downtown section of Portage Avenue. On Main Street are Winnipeg's City Hall, Union Station, and the Manitoba Centennial Centre, which includes the Manitoba Museum, the Planetarium, the Centennial Concert Hall, and the Winnipeg Railway Museum. Although over 60,000 people work downtown, only 13,470 people actually live in the Downtown area.
There are several residential projects under construction on Waterfront Drive and in the Exchange District, and the residential population of the area is projected to increase substantially in the next few years.
Neighbourhoods
The Downtown Winnipeg Zoning By-Law defines the boundaries of the Downtown planning area, and several sectors within it. The downtown census area is slightly smaller, omitting a three-block extension at the north edge. There is also a significantly larger Downtown community area, used for Community Social Data Strategy for Winnipeg.
Waterfront District
The Waterfront District is a newly emerging mixed-use development located in the northeast corner of downtown Winnipeg. The district runs along the west bank of the Red River along Waterfront Drive and features Stephen Juba Park.The Waterfront District has seen a number of residential construction projects since 2005. Moreover, there have been plans to extend Waterfront Drive further north, to connect it with the Disraeli Fwy. Developer Leon A. Brown has offered up to 12 properties for redevelopment in the area. Sunstone Boutique Hotels had an $11-million plan to build a three-storey, 67-room boutique hotel on what is now a gravel parking lot, along with a new casual-dining restaurant in the one-storey brick former Harbourmaster's building. The plans also involve construction of a public plaza area at the south end of the property.
The design of the Waterfront District also led to a new road system that included Winnipeg’s first roundabout, at the corner of Bannatyne Avenue and Waterfront Drive.
Central Park
Central Park is one of Winnipeg's most densely-populated neighbourhoods with 13,755 people per square km according to the 2001 Census. Seventy per cent of all refugees coming to Winnipeg live downtown, in and around the Central Park area. Central Park includes many different ethnicities including Arabs, Vietnamese, Chinese, Ojibway, Filipinos, and African (more than half being African).
With the increase in the African population, Central Park has been transforming in recent years. It is now the home to the 'Central Market', with more markets planned to come. Many of the markets will sell handmade fashion and imported African crafts.
During warm Saturday nights, live entertainment fills the air, residents enjoy free Sunday movie screenings to enjoy an evening outdoors. The Knox Centre at Knox United Church presents international films in various languages - with English subtitles - every Thursday evening.
Exchange District
The Exchange District is a National Historic Site of Canada. Just one block north is one of Canada's most famous intersections, Portage and Main, the Exchange District comprises 20 city blocks and approximately 150 heritage buildings, and it is known for its intact turn-of-the-century collection of warehouses, financial institutions, and early terracotta-clad skyscrapers.
Winnipeg's theatre district is located on the east side of the Exchange District, home to the Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre, and Centennial Concert Hall which houses the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, and the Manitoba Opera. The west side of the Exchange is home to Cinematheque, a small movie theatre located in the Artspace building on Albert Street.
The Exchange District's Old Market Square annually hosts the Jazz Winnipeg Festival, the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival, and the Manitoba Electronic Music Exhibition. Renovations to Old Market Square completed in 2012 added "The Cube", a $1.5 million stage, with a skin made up of 20,000 aluminum links. The stage contains a built-in lighting system, green room and two performance levels.
The district is home to Red River College's Roblin Centre and the Paterson GlobalFoods Institute.
Broadway-Assiniboine
Broadway-Assiniboine lies in the southern part of downtown on the north bank of the Assiniboine River. The neighbourhood is one of the more densely-populated in Winnipeg, with 15,452.2 people per square kilometre. It features many notable landmarks such as the historic Upper Fort Garry, Hotel Fort Garry, and the Manitoba Legislative Building. Broadway-Assiniboine features the "Assiniboine Riverwalk" and is home to many notable restaurants.
The population of Broadway-Assiniboine was 5,270 as of the 2016 Census. The most common transportation method of the people in South Portage is walking, with 31.8%, more than 6.5 times higher than the overall 4.9% for Winnipeg. The average employment income for the area is just $47,268, which is lower than Winnipeg's average employment income of $61,164.
Current plans are for a new bicycle-pedestrian bridge to connect McFadyen Park with Fort Rouge Park over the Assiniboine River. The bridge would be partly financed by a grant from the Winnipeg Foundation. There are three designs vying for final approval.
The Forks
The Forks is a national historic, recreational, cultural, and entertainment area site in downtown Winnipeg, deriving its name from being located where the Assiniboine and Red Rivers meet. The Forks was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1974 due to its status as a cultural landscape that had borne witness to six thousand years of human activity.
South Portage
South Portage is the group of city blocks located between Portage Avenue, Main Street, Broadway, and Memorial Boulevard.
The population of South Portage was 1,865 as of the 2016 Census. The most common transportation method of the people in South Portage is walking, with 42.4%, more than five times higher than the overall 4.9% for Winnipeg. The average employment income for the area is just $52,267, which is lower than Winnipeg's average employment income of $61,164.
South Portage is the location of the main branch of the Winnipeg Public Library system, the Millennium Library.
The area also has the Winnipeg Convention Centre with of meeting, exhibition and banquet space. Lakeview Square, the largest mixed-use development downtown in the 1970s, was constructed at the same time as the Convention Centre and completed in 1974.
Opened in 2004, the Bell MTS Place is located just south of Portage Avenue and is home to the Winnipeg Jets.
The area also has the Norquay Building, the Law Courts, Cityplace mall, and VJ's Drive Inn. There are numerous office buildings and hotels in this area, including some of Winnipeg's tallest buildings.
A 42-storey apartment building, 300 Main, is currently being built by Artis REIT, owners of 360 Main St. and Winnipeg Square. When completed, it will be the tallest apartment block in the city.
Winnipeg's public transit hub is located on the Graham Avenue Transit Mall, as many bus routes converge there.
Chinatown
Formed in 1909, the area is home to many shops and restaurants including Asian grocery stores and an herbal products store.
Winnipeg's Chinatown covers northwest of City Hall and is home to about 600 people, of whom 90% are in the Chinese visible minority group. 40.5% of the area's residents speak neither English nor French (as compared to 1% of Winnipeg as a whole), while 71.1% of residents speak some variant of Chinese (including Cantonese, Mandarin and Chinese not otherwise specified).
River crossings
Downtown Winnipeg has four bridges that directly connect to other Winnipeg neighbourhoods or suburbs across the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. They are the Main Street Bridge, Midtown Bridge, Osborne Street Bridge, and the Provencher Bridge.
One of the first bridges in Winnipeg was the Main-Norwood Bridge. It carries traffic between St. Boniface, St. Vital, and points east from Marion Street. Originally a toll bridge, it carried Winnipeg's first horse-drawn streetcars between downtown and River Avenue in the early 1880s.
Osborne Street Bridge connects Osborne Village to the downtown core. The first iteration was built in the late 1880s. In the 2010s the bridge was upgraded with a lit wall using LED technology.
The Midtown Bridge carries traffic to and from south Winnipeg. It was first opened in September 1955. The Bridge sees upwards of 59,300 vehicles average weekdays.
The Provencher Bridge is the third one built. The first version, called the Broadway Bridge, was not engineered correctly and fell into the Red River four days after opening due to ice jams colliding with it. The second version outlived its usefulness and was replaced in the 2000s. The new Provencher Bridge opened to vehicular traffic in December 2003. Located adjacent to the Provencher Bridge is the cable-stayed pedestrian and cycling bridge, Esplanade Riel, opened in 2004. It features space for an indoor restaurant.
Other features
Sports venues
There are two major sports venues located downtown, Canada Life Centre where the NHL's Winnipeg Jets and Manitoba Moose have played since 2004; and Shaw Park, where the American Association's Winnipeg Goldeyes baseball team have played since 1999.
Winnipeg Walkway System
The Winnipeg Walkway system, popularly known as the Winnipeg Skywalk, is a network of pedestrian skyways and tunnels connecting a significant portion of the city centre.
Media
Several media organizations have broadcasting studio located in the downtown area, including television stations CTV, Global, Citytv, and Canadian specialty channel APTN; and radio stations QX-104, and 93.7 Nostalgia FM.
The television broadcast antennas for CBC Manitoba and ICI Radio-Canada Manitoba are located on the Richardson Building, while Global TV Winnipeg is located on top of 201 Portage Avenue.
Border Crossings, an internationally known arts magazine featuring Canadian art, publishes from offices in the Exchange District. Where Winnipeg magazine features listings of things to do in Winnipeg and is also published from the Exchange District.
Education
Isbister School is an Adult Education Centre operated by the Winnipeg School Division in the north Portage Avenue area. Other private schools serve business needs, such as CDI and Booth University College.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg
Notes
External links
City of Winnipeg Site
Downtown Winnipeg Zoning By-law No. 100/2004
CentreVenture Site
Downtown Winnipeg Plan (1969)
Downtown Winnipeg BIZ Site
Neighbourhoods in Winnipeg
Winnipeg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown%20Winnipeg |
Luca Bucci (; born 13 March 1969) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Bucci played for several Italian clubs throughout his career; he is mostly remembered for his choice of unusual shirt numbers and successful spell with Parma, where he won various domestic and European titles. At international level, he represented the Italy national team and was an unused member of the team that reached the 1994 FIFA World Cup final, as well as a reserve at UEFA Euro 1996.
Club career
Born in Bologna, Bucci spent a few years in the third and second levels (winning the 1992–93 Serie B title with Reggiana). He made his Serie A debut playing for Parma, in a league match against Udinese on 29 August 1993. He soon achieved prominence during a particularly successful stint with the club, winning an UEFA Supercup in 1993, and an UEFA Cup in 1995; he also received runners-up medals in the Coppa Italia, in the Cup Winners' Cup, in the Supercoppa Italiana, and in Serie A with the club. Bucci was the starting keeper for Parma when they won the UEFA cup in 1995. At Parma, however, Bucci was soon overtaken by the emergence of 18-year-old Primavera keeper Gianluigi Buffon during the 1996–97 season. Bucci started the season as the starting keeper for the first seven games. After a dispute with coach Carlo Ancelotti and emergence of Buffon, Bucci left the team in order to play more regularly.
After playing six months for Perugia, Bucci joined second-tier Torino in 1997, later gaining promotion to Serie A throughout his time with the Turin club after winning the 2000–01 Serie B title with the club, and remaining with the granata for six seasons, until his contract expired. He then decided to join Empoli. However, he only managed to play in half of the games, while the club was eventually relegated, with Bucci leaving at the end of season.
After six months without a club, Bucci moved back to Parma in January 2005 to replace Gianluca Berti who left for Torino, initially as a reserve goalkeeper. He was the first choice after Sébastien Frey’s departure, ahead of Cristiano Lupatelli and Matteo Guardalben in the 2005–06 season, Alfonso De Lucia and Fabio Virgili in the 2006–07 season, Nicola Pavarini and Radek Petr in the 2007–08 season. After Parma's relegated he was released in June 2008.
After another seven months as a free agent, he joined Napoli, following an injury crisis that hit the club. He made his debut with Napoli on 19 April, in a 2–0 away loss to Cagliari, becoming the fifth goalkeeper to be used by the azzurri in the 2008–09 season (the other four being Gennaro Iezzo, Nicolás Navarro, Matteo Gianello and Luigi Sepe).
International career
Uncapped, Bucci was called by Italy manager Arrigo Sacchi as Italy's third goalkeeper for the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States, behind Gianluca Pagliuca and Luca Marchegiani, making no appearances. Italy finished the tournament in second place, after losing on penalties in the final against Brazil. He would make his full debut on 21 December of that year, appearing in a 3–1 friendly win over Turkey. He was also a back-up goalkeeper for Italy at UEFA Euro 1996. In total, Bucci made three senior appearances for Italy between 1994 and 1996.
Style of play
In spite of his relatively short stature for a goalkeeper, Bucci was a reliable and physically strong keeper, who was known for his consistency, athleticism, explosiveness, agility, and acrobatic style of play; although he had a reserved character, he was a confident and resolute goalkeeper, with a strong temper, who often stood out for his instinctive and aggressive playing style. Considered to be one of the best Italian goalkeepers of his generation, throughout his career, he was highly regarded for his speed when rushing off his line to anticipate strikers outside the area who had beaten the offside trap, and for his ability to get to ground quickly to collect or parry the ball, and was also effective at stopping penalties. Furthermore, Bucci was highly competent with the ball at his feet, and often functioned as a sweeper-keeper in teams which relied on a zonal marking system and high defensive lines. Due to his distribution, he was also capable of starting plays and launching attacks from the back. Bucci also stood out for his longevity.
Post-playing career
After the 2008–09 season, Bucci decided to retire from professional football and became a youth team goalkeeper coach at Parma. In 2015, he joined Bologna as the club's goalkeeping coach, under his former Parma manager Roberto Donadoni.
Honours
Reggiana
Serie B: 1992–93
Parma
UEFA Cup: 1994–95
UEFA Super Cup: 1993
Torino
Serie B: 2000–01
References
External links
Gazzetta profile
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Bologna
Men's association football goalkeepers
Italian men's footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Casertana FC players
Aurora Pro Patria 1919 players
AC Reggiana 1919 players
AC Perugia Calcio players
Torino FC players
Empoli FC players
SSC Napoli players
Italy men's international footballers
1994 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1996 players
UEFA Cup winning players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luca%20Bucci |
Nathalie Brigitte Lambert, OC (born December 1, 1963 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian Olympic medalist in short-track speed skating. She won one Gold medal and two Silver medals at the Winter Olympics, and was Canada's flag bearer at the 1992 Albertville Olympics closing ceremony. She is also a three-time Overall World Champion for 1991, 1993 and 1994.
Lambert won the 11 international competitions in which she participated, between 1992 and 1994. She won the all-around world championship three times: in 1991, 1993 and 1994. In 1991 she dethroned her legendary teammate, the 5 time overall World Champion- Sylvie Daigle, who she had been chasing for years, and often finished 2nd to.
Despite it not typically being her best event she was one of the gold medal favorites for the 500 metre gold at the 1992 Olympics and then became the favorite after fellow leading contenders- her teammate Sylvie Daigle and Zhang Yanmei of China both were eliminated in the heats. Unfortunately she had a fall in the semis when she got caught up with Yan Li of China, and as a result did not make the final. She rebounded from the disappointment to lead the Canadian team to gold in the relay. In 1994 she went in as the favorite in both the 500 and 1000 metres but again fell in the semis of the 500, and was just nipped for the 1000 metre gold in the last lap by Chun Lee Kyung of Korea (the winner of the next 3 world overall titles, and a 4 time Olympic Gold medalist), settling for silver. She added another silver in the relay, after the Chinese team which finished 2nd was disqualified.
After retiring, she made a comeback to the sport in 1997, and performed respectably at the 1997 World Short Track Championships. She seemed to be on pace for a place on the 1998 Canadian Olympic team, but an injury took her out of the running.
Despite her surprising failure to win an individual Olympic gold medal, Natalie is regarded by many as one of the best short track speed skaters in history. She was most well known for her burst of speeds and power, as well as her technical brilliance, and her longevity as a top competitor reached rare heights in the sport.
On June 30, 2016, Lambert was made an Officer of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston. Her citation read: "For her achievements in Olympic Sport and for her tremendous contributions to athletics in Canada as a renowned mentor and spokesperson."
Records
1985 - World championship, Amsterdam (Netherland) - 1000 m : 1m43s.58
1987 - World championship, Montréal (Quebec) - 3000 m : 5m31s.65
1993 - International Competition, Hamar (Norway) - 1000 m : 1m34s.07
1993 - World championship, Beijing (China) - relay 3000 m : 4m26s.56
Awards
1992 - Inducted into the Canadian Olympic Committee Hall of Fame
1994 - Named Athlete of the Year by the 'Mérite Sportif Québécois'
From 1985 to 1987 and 1990 to 1994. Named Athlete of the Year by the Canadian Speed Skating Association
2001 - Inducted into Quebec's Sports Hall of Fame
2002 - Inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
Personal life
Lambert is currently married to Daniel Gaudette, a physical education teacher, and adopted two daughters from China.
References
External links
Article about Nathalie Lambert
Biography on Nathalie Lambert at the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame
World Short Track Championships Overall Standings
1963 births
Living people
Canadian female speed skaters
Canadian female short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in short track speed skating
Short track speed skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Officers of the Order of Canada
Speed skaters from Montreal
20th-century Canadian women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathalie%20Lambert |
Fort Lennox is a National Historic Sites of Canada occupying most of Île aux Noix, an island in the middle of the Richelieu River in the parish of Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix, Quebec, near the Canada-U.S. border. The fort features restored defence works and stonework buildings, and is surrounded by a star-shaped moat. It is owned by the Government of Canada and managed by Parks Canada
The site of Fort Lennox was a strategic location in defending Canada against invasion from the south during colonial times. It was first fortified by the French in 1759 to defend against British invasion during the French and Indian War and the current buildings were built by the British between 1819 and 1829 to deter a U.S. invasion after the War of 1812. In 1920, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. and is administered by Parks Canada.
As of December 2022, the Fort was undergoing renovation work and closed to the public and slated to be reopened to the public in spring 2023.
History
Built by the British between 1819 and 1829, the fort was designed to protect the colony from possible American invasion. The fort was named after Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, who died in 1819 and was Governor General of British North America. An earlier 1760s fort on the same site was originally built by the French during the Seven Years' War.
On 28 June 1985 Canada Post issued 'Fort Lennox, Que.' one of the 20 stamps in the "Forts Across Canada Series" (1983 & 1985). The stamps are perforated x 13 mm and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited based on the designs by Rolf P. Harder.
Museum
Visitors can tour the 1820s period officers' quarters. The north magazine features an exhibit about military engineering and restoration work carried out at the fort.
Guided tours are given of the grounds and buildings, which include an ordnance magazine and artillery magazine, a guardhouse, officers' quarters, barracks and casemates. During summer weekends, living history demonstrations focus on fort life in the mid 19th century.
Entry
Admission to the site includes the ferry ride to the island. The parking lot and visitor reception area are located on the west shore of the river. Boaters can visit the island directly and pay a separate fee to enter the fort.
References
Parks Canada, Fort Lennox National Historic Site brochure, 2005.
External links
Fort Lennox National Historic Site
National Historic Sites in Quebec
Museums in Montérégie
Military and war museums in Canada
Military forts in Quebec
Buildings and structures in Montérégie
History of Montérégie
History museums in Quebec
Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Lennox |
Pachaug State Forest is the largest forest in the Connecticut state forest system, encompassing over 27,000 acres (110 km²) of land. It is located on the Rhode Island border in New London County, and parcels of the forest lie in the towns of Voluntown, Griswold, Plainfield, Sterling, North Stonington, and Preston. The forest was founded in 1928, but most of the land came from purchases made later during the Great Depression. It is named after the Pachaug River, which runs through the center of the forest. The forest is part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion.
Features
Great Meadow
The Pachaug-Great Meadow Swamp portion of the park was declared a National Natural Landmark in May 1973 due to its Atlantic white cedar swamp. This type of forest is at risk of being succeeded by hemlock.
Hiking trails
There are four popular hiking trails, maintained by the Connecticut Forest and Park Association, that run through Pachaug State Forest.
The Pachaug Trail runs about in an east-west route that follows a horse-shoe curve north. It begins at the northern end of Pachaug Pond and ends at Green Fall Pond.
The Nehantic Trail is a route just under that begins at Green Fall Pond near the Pachaug Trail trailhead and runs northwest to RT 201 near the Pachaug River.
The Quinebaug Trail runs North-South for about from the junction of Breakneck Hill Road and the Nehantic-Quinebaug Trail Crossover to its northern terminus at Spaulding Road.
The Narragansett Trail runs from the southwest to the northeast, starting from Lantern Hill in North Stonington. The Narragansett Trail leaves the State Forest at the Connecticut/Rhode Island boundary; it enters Yawgoog Scout Reservation in Rhode Island and later ends at Ashville Pond in the village of Canonchet in Hopkinton, Rhode Island.
The handicap (wheelchair) accessible Rhododendron Sanctuary Trail (which includes a planked wooden boardwalk section) in the Pachaug State Forest's Herman Haupt Chapman Management Area is spectacularly scenic when the Rhododendron are in bloom (June and July).
There are several dirt and gravel road trails that cross Pachaug State Forest; Trail 1, Trail 2, the Main Drive, and Stonehill Road. In combination with dozens of unmarked side trails, this makes for easy mountain biking terrain that has become popular among locals.
Some trails and roads are marked as multi-use. One such is the Enduro off-road motorcycle trail which winds through Pachaug State Forest. On non–multi-use hiking trails in the forest, however, there is clearly both unauthorized vehicular and unauthorized equestrian use.
Motorcycling
The 58-mile Enduro trail in Pachaug State Forest is marked (on turns and intersections on trees) with white labels containing a red arrow pointing in the trail's direction. The route follows a mix of forest trails and public roads (therefore requiring both a valid current motorcycle registration and motorcycle driver's license rather than ATV registration).
References
External links
Pachaug State Forest Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Pachaug State Forest Chapman Area Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Pachaug State Forest Chapman Area Map Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Pachaug State Forest Green Falls Area Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Pachaug State Forest Green Falls Area Map Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Pachaug Enduro Motorcycle Route Map Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Pachaug State Forest Map Connecticut Explorer's Guide
Connecticut state forests
Parks in New London County, Connecticut
Hiking trails in Connecticut
National Natural Landmarks in Connecticut
Protected areas established in 1928
Voluntown, Connecticut
Griswold
Plainfield
Sterling
North Stonington
Preston
Campgrounds in Connecticut
1928 establishments in Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachaug%20State%20Forest |
DMZ is an American comic book series written by Brian Wood, with artwork by Wood and Riccardo Burchielli. The series is set in the near future, where a Second American Civil War has turned the island of Manhattan into a demilitarized zone (DMZ), caught between forces of the United States of America and secessionist Free States of America.
DMZ is published by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint. It ran from November 2005 to February 2012, covering 72 issues that have also been collected in 12 trade paperback volumes. The series was adapted into a streaming television miniseries of the same name for HBO Max.
Development history
After garnering increasing recognition for a string of creator-owned comics and runs on major commercial series, writer/illustrator Brian Wood enjoyed a breakout success with his acclaimed yearlong series Demo (2003–2004), opening up the possibility of achieving a career goal of working with DC Comics' independent imprint Vertigo. Wood pitched more than a half a dozen scripts to no avail to admiring editor Will Dennis – who had worked on long-running heavyweight Vertigo titles such as 100 Bullets and Y: The Last Man – before finally his last idea, a tale of war-torn Manhattan, won the editor's instant approval.
The inspiration for the comic had initially come to Wood in early 2003, at a time when the 9-11 incident in New York City and the invasion of Iraq dominated the U.S. national psyche. Wood had just moved to San Francisco from New York City, and the experience of recalling in that political atmosphere the memories and story ideas he had accumulated over a decade living in the city instigated the creation of the artwork that would become the foundation of DMZ. Initially developed as Wartime, a five issue black-and-white miniseries, the comic was consciously a project of importance to Wood, representing a return to the perspective of his breakthrough work Channel Zero (1997), a bleak portrayal of youth culture and anti-authoritarian expression in the repressive environment of Giuliani-era New York City. After "Wartime" had been disqualified as too close a title to that of a contemporary Vertigo release, Wood and Dennis considered a host of alternatives including "Embedded", "No Man's Land" and "The War for New York" before settling on "DMZ".
Wood first discovered the work of artist Riccardo Burchielli in a stack of portfolios on Dennis' desk, the editor having collected a sample of the Italian's illustrations after encountering him at a comics fair in Naples in March 2003. Burchielli had never drawn for an American comic book before but his detailed approach to storytelling, intensity in conveying action, and conviction for the work impressed Wood enough to pursue a collaboration. Narrative direction was the sole purview of the writer, with character design left to the artist. The co-creators' trial met with the approval of Vertigo executive editor Karen Berger, and so DMZ was set in motion; the first issue, featuring concept artwork from Wartime, hit the shelves on November 9, 2005.
When asked about the length of the series in March 2008, Wood stated: "I haven't locked it in 100%, but I'd be happy to see DMZ run 60 issues". The series ended with the publication of issue #72 on December 28, 2011 and was collected in 12 trade paperback volumes.
Synopsis
The series is set in New York City, sometime in the near future and in the midst of a civil war that has turned the island of Manhattan into a demilitarized zone.
The conflict concerns two primary forces: the federal government of the United States of America and the Free States armies. In issue #2, its explained that the Free States are less a geographical entity than "an idea", and that the movement began with an uprising of secessionist groups that formed a separate government in Montana before spreading across the country. The Free Armies and the U.S. military first met in combat at Allentown, Pennsylvania where the Free Armies won, after which the Free Armies descended on New York. The planned evacuation of Manhattan went disastrously wrong, but despite that the U.S. Army was finally able to halt the advance of the Free States forces.
There was even a sense among troops that the U.S. forces were ready to start reclaiming territory from and pushing back the Free States army, until the calamity of Day 204, when a squad of U.S. soldiers mistakenly gunned down nearly 200 peace protesters. With the U.S. robbed of all momentum and public support for an advance, the two sides settled into an uneasy stalemate, where Manhattan is the location of the DMZ between the two warring parties, with the FSA occupying territory including New Jersey and inland, and the United States holding Brooklyn, Long Island, and other parts unknown. The U.S. government still holds at least part of New York State, and presumably other territories further northeast. In an interview, Brian Wood described the back-history as the citizens of Middle America having risen up against the pre-emptive war policies of the U.S. government, causing a Second American Civil War. He expanded on this in a later interview:
Manhattan is mainly empty, with only 400,000 people still on the island (compared with 1.5 million in the 2000 census), populated only by the poor who were not evacuated, snipers and holdouts. Wood has described the setting as: "Think equal parts Escape from New York, Fallujah, and New Orleans right after Katrina".
The comic series begins when reporter Matty Roth arrives in Manhattan, five years after the outbreak of the war. Through the series' first 22 issues, DMZ followed Matty Roth through various crises in his first year and a half around the DMZ and the surrounding areas, such as military bases of the Free Armies and of the United States. In issue #23, however, Brian Wood started several tangents from the main storyline and devoted single issues to the stories of several other characters from the DMZ; a street artist, a young girl living rough, the triad leader Wilson, Matty's love interest Kelly, a local DJ, and the commander of the Central Park "Ghosts" – Soames, respectively. The story returned to primarily following Matty Roth in issue #29.
Impact and reception
The series had an immediate impact, attracting critical recognition from the American national media with the release of the first trade paperback, DMZ Vol. 1: On The Ground. Paul Katz of Entertainment Weekly accorded the volume an "A−" rating in a July 2006 assessment, while Jessa Crispin soon followed with a confident prediction in the Chicago Sun-Times that the series would fill the void being left by Vertigo blockbuster Y: The Last Man, writing "DMZ is incredible. It is addictive and brutal, and a perfect antidote to the flag-waving Fox News broadcasts of the War on Terror. Wood and Burchielli have created something special, something that gets beyond the body counts and the headlines of setbacks and failures". The San Francisco Chronicles Peter Hartlaub hailed the comic as an "excellent series ... equal parts compelling drama and cautionary tale, filled with inspired little touches", and commended in particular the evoking of both Iraq War-era Baghdad and Katrina-era New Orleans in the city's portrayal as "Wood's most brilliant move". In a review for The New York Times in December of that year, Douglas Wolk characterised the volume as a "love letter to the city", describing Wood's writing as "full of acidic metaphors for American flag-waving and embedded reportage", Burchielli's "messy, deliberately ugly artwork" as effective in illustrating the apocalyptic subject matter, and the characters as "gloriously resilient". Wolk's colleague at the newspaper George Gene Gustines declared following the release later that month of issue #14 that DMZ had reached the ranks of top tier Vertigo titles, and that the imprint's decision to press ahead with collected editions of the comic in spite of its comparably low sales figures (15,000 copies per issue) was a notable sign of confidence. Gustines added: "[T]he series is at its best, in the smaller moments showing how life is different in the war-torn city".
Television
In 2014, Syfy was planning on making a TV series adaptation of the comic with former Mad Men writers and executive producers Andre and Maria Jacquemetton. Executive producer for the pilot was David Heyman, who previously worked on Harry Potter, Gravity, Paddington, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, Marriage Story and was working on the movie adaptation of the Vertigo comic series Fables.
The series was adapted for HBO Max and was released in March 2022.
Collected editions
The series has been collected in standard trade paperbacks.
Starting in 2020, the series was collected as two Compendium trade paperbacks.
Starting in 2014, the series was re-released as deluxe hardcover editions.
Footnotes
I. The series concluded with issue #72, "Epilogue", which was published on December 28, 2011 but whose cover date was February 2012.
II. A lot of information about the New York City of DMZ can be found in issue #12, which was a Time Out-style guide to the DMZ.
References
External links
Live From the DMZ – canonical companion site curated by Justin Giampaoli
DMZ at IGN
DMZ cover art at ComicArtCommunity.com
2005 comics debuts
2012 comics endings
Action-adventure comics
Alternate history comics
Dystopian comics
Comics by Brian Wood (comics)
Comics set in New York City
Comics about politics
Post-apocalyptic comics
Satirical comics
Triad (organized crime)
Vertigo Comics titles
War comics
Second American Civil War speculative fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ%20%28comics%29 |
Rufus Brevett (born 24 September 1969) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.
As a player, he was a defender who notably played in the Premier League for Queens Park Rangers, Fulham and West Ham United. He was part of the Fulham team that won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 2002. He also played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers, Plymouth Argyle, Leicester City and Oxford United.
Since retiring, Brevett was manager of non-league side Arlesey Town between 2013 and 2014. He was most recently the manager of Hanworth Villa, having been appointed in May 2016.
Playing career
Born in Derby, Brevett started at Doncaster Rovers before moving to Queens Park Rangers in February 1991 for a fee of £150,000 This stood as the highest transfer fee received for any player at Doncaster Rovers until the 2009–10 season.
He made his QPR debut in March 1991 against Tottenham Hotspur and in all played 153 league games for QPR, scoring his only goal for them against Southampton in the Premier League. After QPR's relegation from the Premier League Brevett stayed with the club, later moving to Fulham, a team with which he was able to re-enter England's top league, as a regular starter, after two campaigns as champions (from Tier 3 in 1999 and Tier 2 in 2001). During his spell at Fulham he scored twice: the winner in a league match against Stoke City in September 1998 and an equaliser against Rochdale in the Football League Cup in September 2001.
Brevett signed for West Ham United in early 2003 for an undisclosed fee, joining their unsuccessful relegation battle. He stayed with the team for the duration of his two-and-a-half-year contract, although his tenure was severely hampered by a foot injury which required multiple surgeries. At West Ham he scored once against Crewe Alexandra in August 2004. He then moved on to Plymouth Argyle.
On 8 September 2006, Brevett signed for Oxford United on a month-by-month contract which was extended for the full season. He featured regularly in Oxford's promotion run, but his contract was not renewed after the season's end. In May 2007 Brevett announced his retirement from playing football. In July 2007 he briefly became sporting director of Swindon Town.
Managerial career
In October 2008, Brevett joined Combined Counties League Premier Division team Bedfont as assistant manager.
In November 2013, Brevett was appointed as the new Arlesey Town manager, replacing Zema Abbey.
He parted company with Arlesey Town in December 2014, stepping down as manager and director of football.
In January 2015, Brevett was a finalist for the Harrow Borough job alongside former teammate Kevin Gallen, but the job went to Steve Baker. In the following month, Brevett agreed to take up a position as a coach with Banbury United, assisting manager Paul Davis.
Between May 2016 and December 2018, Brevett returned to football management at Combined Counties League side Hanworth Villa.
Personal life
He currently teaches physical education at North Oxfordshire Academy in Banbury, head of football academy.
Honours
Fulham
First Division: 2000–01
Second Division: 1998–99
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2002
Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 1990–91 Fourth Division, 1998–99 Second Division
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Derby
Men's association football defenders
English men's footballers
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
English football managers
Arlesey Town F.C. managers
Hanworth Villa F.C. managers
Black British schoolteachers
Black British sportsmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%20Brevett |
Anyue () is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Ziyang in southeastern Sichuan province, China, located in between the Fu and Tuo Rivers. Its area is about with a population of 1,538,400. Anyue is famous for its lemon plant and Buddhist stone carvings.
The Grove of the Reclining Buddha (Wofo Yuan 臥佛院) contains the largest single collection of Buddhist texts carved in stone as well as artwork from the Tang dynasty. Texts are located in a series of caves
Climate
References
External links
Official website of Anyue
County-level divisions of Sichuan
Ziyang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyue%20County |
Uiscedwr (pronounced "ish-ka-dooer") is a former musical group whose members came from various parts of the British Isles and played British folk music influenced by world music. The group started off as a trio and was originally based in Manchester.
Uiscedwr won the BBC Radio 2 Young Folk Award in 2002.
As well as touring and recording, Uiscedwr ran its own label Yukka Records and the members also offered tuition in fiddle, guitar and bodhrán.
History
Esslemont and Byrne met in Manchester in 2002, and soon afterwards formed the group. Byrne invited a friend from Ireland to play the guitar, and with the line-up fleshed out by Esslemont's younger sister they entered the BBC Young Folk Awards 2002, which they won. Despite the win, the guitarist left the group, and Esslemont called upon an old acquaintance, Ben Hellings.
As the trio of Esslemont, Byrne and Hellings, the group recorded Everywhere in 2003, which gained them a nomination for the Horizon Award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in 2005. By this time, Uiscedwr was mixing British folk music with a strong Celtic bias with other influences including jazz, European folk music and world music.
Shortly before the 2005 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards, Hellings left the group and was replaced by guitarist Kevin Dempsey who also contributed vocals.
During 2005, Anna Esslemont was diagnosed with aplastic anaemia. Her illness meant the group had to reduce its touring commitments and delay work on the second album. Esslemont had a successful bone marrow transplant in December 2006 and Uiscedwr resumed touring in June 2007. Subsequently, Uiscedwr (and Esslemont in particular) has been active in fundraising for the Aplastic Anaemia Trust charity.
Dempsey left Uiscedwr in December 2007 to concentrate on other projects and was replaced by Shropshire guitarist James Hickman in January 2008. At the beginning of 2008, Uiscedwr joined the roster of folk-and-acoustic music agency Iconic Music. Accordionist Karen Tweed guested with Uiscedwr during 2008 and early 2009.
The band's third album, Fish Cat Door, was released in May 2009. The title of the 11-track CD is a tongue-in-cheek aide-mémoire to the pronunciation of the band's name.
In early 2010, Nick Waldock joined the trio alternating as guitarist with James Hickman.
Uiscedwr broke up after its final tour in late 2011.
Members
Co-founder Anna Esslemont, from Wales, plays fiddle and sings. She dropped out of the Royal Northern College of Music to pursue a freer musical style than was offered by the classical world. She grew up in Wales, and has played the violin since she was six, playing in both the North Powys Youth Orchestra and the National Youth Orchestra of Wales.
Co-founder Cormac Byrne, from County Waterford, Ireland, plays bodhrán, percussion and drums. He has been a member of Tommy Hayes' percussion orchestra Spraoi Drummers. As well as touring and recording with Uiscedwr, Byrne has toured extensively with Seth Lakeman's band and gained a BBC Fame Academy Bursary, which was used to partially fund Uiscedwr's second album, Circle.
Anna and Cormac perform as a trio with a supporting guitarist. From January 2010, guitar is played by either Nick Waldock or James Hickman (and Nick also plays bass guitar). Nick first worked with Uiscedwr during its 'big band' project in 2008; James joined Uiscedwr at the end of 2007 to replace Kevin Dempsey.
Uiscedwr Big Band
During 2008, Uiscedwr experimented with a 'big band' project as an offshoot of its trio line-up. The six-piece band debuted at Glasgow's Celtic Connections festival. Like its parent trio, Uiscedwr Big Band played Celtic-influenced folk with elements of jazz, klezmer, gypsy, Latin, and American folk fiddle.
Uiscedwr Big Band released a live album titled Naked and Dangerous and played a showcase concert at the annual Association of Festival Organisers Conference.
Discography
Everywhere (released 7 June 2004)
"Feathers"
"A-part before the Swing"
"Mr and Mrs"
"The Drunken Mouse"
"Waterman's"
"No Going Back"
"Everywhere"
"Set in the Woods"
"All About Flying"
"Mind the Gap"
"La Peri"
Circle (released 24 July 2006)
"Everyday Cynic"
"Esta Levista"
"America"
"Escobar"
"Ceol Aine"
"The Beast"
"The Music Bringer"
"Not The Hurricane"
"Tut-Tut"
"Yorkshire Tea"
"Tree"
"Flea Circus"
Naked and Dangerous (Uiscedwr Big Band, limited release 23 November 2008)
"Esta Levista"
"Forever my Beloved"
"Naked & Dangerous Part I"
"Naked & Dangerous Part II"
"Waterwater"
"Storm"
"Deise"
"Yorkshire Tea"
Fish Cat Door (released May 2009)
"The Dirty Nine Steps"
"Prescription Junkie"
"Sunshine"
"Seven Letters"
"Tip Tap Baby"
"Germs"
"Girlyjig"
"End of the Day"
"Crucked Reels"
"ESP"
"Neptune"
References
External links
"Anna Esslemont: Aren't Us Folkies Lucky?" BBC Radio 2, Folk & Acoustic; 23 September 2009
2002 establishments in England
2011 disestablishments in England
English folk musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups from Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiscedwr |
This is an incomplete list of some Breton people of note and of some notable individuals born in Brittany, alphabetically within categories. Brittany (Breizh in Breton) is a Celtic nation of northwestern France and has contributed famous names to all walks of life.
Actors and actresses
Mylène Jampanoï, half Breton from her mother.
Solenn Heussaff, host, model, internet celebrity, actress, singer, half-Filipina, half-Breton
Malik Zidi, actor, half Breton from his mother.
Musicians
Alain Barrière, singer
Dan Ar Braz, guitarist
Brigitte Fontaine, singer, actress and writer
Nolwenn Leroy, singer
Denez Prigent, singer
Gilles Servat, singer
Alain Stivell, musician
Yann Tiersen, composer notable for the score to the Jean-Pierre Jeunet movie Amélie.
Tri Yann, folk rock group
The Red Lady of Brittany, composer of the Lay of the Beach, an instrumental and vocal celebration of William the Conqueror’s vacation at Barfleur circa 1078 which was popular in the Norwegian royal court around the year 1200
Rulers, politicians, soldiers
Anne of Brittany, Duchess of Brittany and twice Queen of France
Claude of France, elder daughter of Anne of Brittany; also a Queen of France
Jacques Cartier, explorer
Robert Surcouf, famous corsair
Jeanne de Clisson, ‘Lioness of Brittany’, who conducted naval action against French ships and ports in revenge for her husband's execution
Riothamus, ‘King of the Britons’, an ally of the Roman emperor Anthemius and a correspondent with Sidonius Apollinaris; a possible inspiration for some of the stories about ‘King Arthur’
Alan I, King of Brittany, ‘Alan the Great’, Count of Vannes and ruler of Brittany at the peak of its extent, documented ancestor of Conan I, Duke of Brittany
Conan I, Duke of Brittany, ancestor of Odo, Count of Penthièvre and William the Conqueror; brother-in-law of Fulk Nerra, Count of Anjou; died defending Brittany from Fulk Nerra; buried at Mont St-Michel
Judith of Brittany, daughter of Conan I and Duchess of Normandy, grandmother of Judith of Flanders (died 1095) and William the Conqueror
Odo, Count of Penthièvre, older maternal first cousin of Edward the Confessor and sometime Duke Regent of Brittany, younger double-cousin to Robert I, Duke of Normandy and usually an ally of William the Conqueror
Alan Rufus, commander of William the Conqueror’s household knights; second of seven legitimate sons of Odo, Count of Penthièvre; founder of Richmond Castle and St Mary's Abbey, York
Brian of Brittany, first Earl of Cornwall, brother of Alan Rufus
Stephen, Count of Tréguier, opened England’s first Parliament, a brother of Alan Rufus and ancestor of the dukes of Brittany from Conan IV onward
Ribald of Middleham, ancestor of the House of Neville, a half-brother of Alan Rufus
Bardolph of Ravensworth, ancestor of Baron FitzHugh, a half-brother of Alan Rufus
William of Bowes, ancestor of the Bowes-Lyon family, a cousin of Alan Rufus
Alan III, Duke of Brittany, childhood guardian of William the Conqueror and eldest brother of Odo of Penthièvre
Conan II, Duke of Brittany, son of Alan III, powerful rival to both Odo of Penthièvre and William the Conqueror, overran northern Anjou immediately before his death (allegedly by poisoning)
Hoël II, Duke of Brittany, technically Duke Consort and then Regent for his son Alan IV; also known as Hoël V, Count of Cornouaille
Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, son-in-law of William the Conqueror, a crusader, an important ally of Henry I of England, and a grandson of Alan III; frequently mistaken by writers for his close relative Alan Rufus
Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, his suspected murder by his uncle King John of England accelerated the destruction of the Angevin Empire
Arthur II, Duke of Brittany, gave peasants seats in the Breton parliament
Arthur III, Duke of Brittany, Constable of France and architect of French victory in the Hundred Years' War, younger step-brother of Henry V of England, and brother-in-law of Jacquetta of Luxembourg; a possible inspiration for Thomas Malory’s ‘Le Morte d'Arthur’
Ralph the Staller, Anglo-Breton from Norfolk who served English kings from Cnut the Great to William the Conqueror, while also being lord of Gaël and Montfort in Brittany
Robert fitz Wymarc, a Staller for Edward the Confessor and present at Edward's death bed; related to King Edward, William the Conqueror and Odo of Penthièvre; advised William the Conqueror to return to Normandy as his force was no match for Harold Godwinson’s army
Alfred of Lincoln, a Domesday tenant-in-chief; probably married a daughter of William Malet
Cardinal de Rohan, accidentally precipitated the French Revolution
Scientists
René Laennec, physician inventor of the stethoscope
Writers
René Cardaliaguet, priest and writer
J. M. G. Le Clézio, winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature
François-René de Chateaubriand, romantic writer and politician
Tristan Corbière, symbolist poet
Ernest Renan, philosopher and writer
Muriel the Poetess, nun at Wilton Abbey who composed verse and corresponded with notable contemporary poets
Peter Abelard, scholastic philosopher and professor at Paris
Jules Verne
Sailors
Jacques Cartier, explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France
Olivier de Kersauson, notable yachtsman
Eric Tabarly, notable yachtsman
Sportspeople
Thibault Tricole (born 1989), darts player
Athletics
Pierre-Ambroise Bosse (born 1992), 800m runner, 2017 world champion
Maryvonne Dupureur (1937-2008), 800m runner, 1964 Olympic silver medallist
Cycling
Warren Barguil (born 1991)
Aude Biannic (born 1991)
Louison Bobet (1925-1983), 3-time winner of the Tour de France
Anthony Charteau (born 1979)
Bryan Coquard (born 1992)
Audrey Cordon (born 1989)
Jean Dotto (1928-2000), winner of the 1955 Vuelta a España
René Le Grevès (1910-1946)
Bernard Hinault (born 1954), 5-time winner of the Tour de France, 3-time winner of the Giro d'Italia, 2-time winner of the Vuelta a España
Pascal Lino (born 1966)
Jean Malléjac (1929-2000)
Lucien Petit-Breton (1882-1917), 2-time winner of the Tour de France
Jean Robic (1921-1980), winner of the 1947 Tour de France
Football
Yoann Gourcuff (born 1986), French international
Stéphane Guivarc'h (born 1970), former French international, 1998 World Cup winner
Paul Le Guen (born 1964), former French international
Yvon Le Roux (born 1960), former French international, 1984 European Championship winner
Alex Thépot (1906-1989), former French international
Jérémy Toulalan (born 1983), former French international
Miscellaneous
Armella Nicolas, serving-maid venerated by some lay Catholics
Robert of Arbrissel, founder of Fontevraud Abbey
Albinus of Angers, late antique Abbot of Angers, born in Vannes, commemorated in numerous placenames across northern Europe
Breton
Breton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Breton%20people |
William (Bill) P. McCormick (born August 18, 1939, in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American businessman and diplomat. He served as the United States ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa from October 21, 2005, until January 10, 2009. He is married and has six children.
McCormick attended Roger Williams University and Boston University while serving in the United States Army Reserve Military Police until he was honorably discharged in 1963. He then moved to northern California and worked in the brokerage office of Connecticut General Life Insurance Companyin San Francisco until 1965. It was at this time that he became a partner in the Refectory Steak House Restaurant chain. By the early 1970s McCormick had moved further north to Portland, Oregon, and sold his interest in the Refectory Restaurants.
In 1971, he purchased the restaurant Jake's Famous Crawfish and within the year had partnered with Doug Schmick. While growing the restaurant company, he attended the Harvard Business School, Executive Management Program, in 1979. At that time, there were 60 McCormick & Schmick's Seafood Restaurants in 22 states employing over 8,000 people. McCormick and Schmick's is owned by Landry's, Inc.
Throughout his business career McCormick's civic and charitable involvement was far-reaching. For example, he has provided thousands of pounds of food for the Pasadena, California, food bank and 11,000 books for disadvantaged children in Los Angeles County. He began the Shamrock Run twenty-seven years ago for the benefit of many service organizations in Portland, Oregon. McCormick was awarded the Secretary's Award by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs for his contributions to, and recognition of, the nation's veterans. Each year McCormick & Schmick Seafood Restaurants provides over 17,000 complimentary meals to veterans visiting any McCormick & Schmick Restaurant on Veterans Day.
As co-chair of the Portland Opera Foundation, he was successful in raising $24 million to help sustain that organization in the future. Under President George W. Bush, McCormick served on the President's Committee of the Arts & Humanities, whose Honorary chairman is First Lady of the United States, then Laura Bush.
References
1939 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to New Zealand
American restaurateurs
Boston University alumni
Businesspeople from Oregon
Harvard Business School alumni
Businesspeople from Providence, Rhode Island
Roger Williams University alumni
United States Army soldiers
Ambassadors of the United States to Samoa
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American diplomats | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20McCormick%20%28diplomat%29 |
Jean-Luc Brassard (born August 24, 1972) is a Canadian freestyle skier, winning the gold medal at the 1994 Winter Olympics. Brassard has been credited with popularizing the wearing of bright knee pads to show off absorption and leg position for mogul skiers to best show judges how smoothly the athlete is taking the turns. He was born in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec. In his other Olympic appearances, Brassard placed 7th in 1992, 4th in 1998 and 21st in 2002.
In 2005 he became the spokesman of Le Massif.
In 2012, Brassard was inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame.
Brassard served as an assistant chef de mission for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
In late 2014, the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) appointed Brassard as chef de mission for Canada at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In October 2015, following the resignation of COC President Marcel Aubut over multiple allegations of sexual harassment of staff, Brassard became vocal about the COC's failure to properly examine the issue when allegations were made in 2008. In April 2016, Brassard resigned as chef de mission, later replaced by Curt Harnett.
Brassard is currently a radio commentator and also the narrator of the French version of the television documentary program How It's Made.
References
External links
1972 births
Canadian male freestyle skiers
Living people
Sportspeople from Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
Olympic medalists in freestyle skiing
Sportspeople from Quebec
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Freestyle skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Luc%20Brassard |
Distributed constraint optimization (DCOP or DisCOP) is the distributed analogue to constraint optimization. A DCOP is a problem in which a group of agents must distributedly choose values for a set of variables such that the cost of a set of constraints over the variables is minimized.
Distributed Constraint Satisfaction is a framework for describing a problem in terms of constraints that are known and enforced by distinct participants (agents). The constraints are described on some variables with predefined domains, and have to be assigned to the same values by the different agents.
Problems defined with this framework can be solved by any of the algorithms that are designed for it.
The framework was used under different names in the 1980s. The first known usage with the current name is in 1990.
Definitions
DCOP
The main ingredients of a DCOP problem are agents and variables. Importantly, each variable is owned by an agent; this is what makes the problem distributed. Formally, a DCOP is a tuple , where:
is the set of agents, .
is the set of variables, .
is the set of variable-domains, where each is a finite set containing the possible values of variable .
If contains only two values (e.g. 0 or 1), then is called a binary variable.
is the cost function. It is a function that maps every possible partial assignment to a cost. Usually, only few values of are non-zero, and it is represented as a list of the tuples that are assigned a non-zero value. Each such tuple is called a constraint. Each constraint in this set is a function assigning a real value to each possible assignment of the variables. Some special kinds of constraints are:
Unary constraints - constraints on a single variable, i.e., for some .
Binary constraints - constraints on two variables, i.e, for some
is the ownership function. It is a function mapping each variable to its associated agent. means that variable "belongs" to agent . This implies that it is agent 's responsibility to assign the value of variable . Note that is not necessarily an injection, i.e., one agent may own more than one variables. It is also not necessarily a surjection, i.e., some agents may own no variables.
is the objective function. It is an operator that aggregates all of the individual costs for all possible variable assignments. This is usually accomplished through summation:
The objective of a DCOP is to have each agent assign values to its associated variables in order to either minimize or maximize for a given assignment of the variables.
Assignments
A value assignment is a pair where is an element of the domain .
A partial assignment is a set of value-assignments where each appears at most once. It is also called a context. This can be thought of as a function mapping variables in the DCOP to their current values:
Note that a context is essentially a partial solution and need not contain values for every variable in the problem; therefore, implies that the agent has not yet assigned a value to variable . Given this representation, the "domain" (that is, the set of input values) of the function f can be thought of as the set of all possible contexts for the DCOP. Therefore, in the remainder of this article we may use the notion of a context (i.e., the function) as an input to the function.
A full assignment is an assignment in which each appears exactly once, that is, all variables are assigned. It is also called a solution to the DCOP.
An optimal solution is a full assignment in which the objective function is optimized (i.e., maximized or minimized, depending on the type of problem).
Example problems
Various problems from different domains can be presented as DCOPs.
Distributed graph coloring
The graph coloring problem is as follows: given a graph and a set of colors , assign each vertex, , a color, , such that the number of adjacent vertices with the same color is minimized.
As a DCOP, there is one agent per vertex that is assigned to decide the associated color. Each agent has a single variable whose associated domain is of cardinality (there is one domain value for each possible color). For each vertex , there is a variable with domain . For each pair of adjacent vertices , there is a constraint of cost 1 if both of the associated variables are assigned the same color: The objective, then, is to minimize .
Distributed multiple knapsack problem
The distributed multiple- variant of the knapsack problem is as follows: given a set of items of varying volume and a set of knapsacks of varying capacity, assign each item to a knapsack such that the amount of overflow is minimized. Let be the set of items, be the set of knapsacks, be a function mapping items to their volume, and be a function mapping knapsacks to their capacities.
To encode this problem as a DCOP, for each create one variable with associated domain . Then for all possible contexts :where represents the total weight assigned by context to knapsack :
Distributed item allocation problem
The item allocation problem is as follows. There are several items that have to be divided among several agents. Each agent has a different valuation for the items. The goal is to optimize some global goal, such as maximizing the sum of utilities or minimizing the envy. The item allocation problem can be formulated as a DCOP as follows.
Add a binary variable vij for each agent i and item j. The variable value is "1" if the agent gets the item, and "0" otherwise. The variable is owned by agent i.
To express the constraint that each item is given to at most one agent, add binary constraints for each two different variables related to the same item, with an infinite cost if the two variables are simultaneously "1", and a zero cost otherwise.
To express the constraint that all items must be allocated, add an n-ary constraint for each item (where n is the number of agents), with an infinite cost if no variable related to this item is "1".
Other applications
DCOP was applied to other problems, such as:
coordinating mobile sensors;
meeting and task scheduling.
Algorithms
DCOP algorithms can be classified in several ways:
Completeness - complete search algorithms finding the optimal solution, vs. local search algorithms finding a local optimum.
Search strategy - best-first search or depth-first branch-and-bound search;
Synchronization among agents - synchronous or asynchronous;
Communication among agents - point-to-point with neighbors in the constraint graph, or broadcast;
Communication topology - chain or tree.
ADOPT, for example, uses best-first search, asynchronous synchronization, point-to-point communication between neighboring agents in the constraint graph and a constraint tree as main communication topology.
Hybrids of these DCOP algorithms also exist. BnB-Adopt, for example, changes the search strategy of Adopt from best-first search to depth-first branch-and-bound search.
Asymmetric DCOP
An asymmetric DCOP is an extension of DCOP in which the cost of each constraint may be different for different agents. Some example applications are:
Event scheduling: agents who attend the same event might derive different values from it.
Smart grid: the increase in price of electricity in loaded hours may be different agents.
One way to represent an ADCOP is to represent the constraints as functions:
Here, for each constraint there is not a single cost but a vector of costs - one for each agent involved in the constraint. The vector of costs is of length k if each variable belongs to a different agent; if two or more variables belong to the same agent, then the vector of costs is shorter - there is a single cost for each involved agent, not for each variable.
Approaches to solving an ADCOP
A simple way for solving an ADCOP is to replace each constraint with a constraint , which equals the sum of the functions . However, this solution requires the agents to reveal their cost functions. Often, this is not desired due to privacy considerations.
Another approach is called Private Events as Variables (PEAV). In this approach, each variable owns, in addition to his own variables, also "mirror variables" of all the variables owned by his neighbors in the constraint network. There are additional constraints (with a cost of infinity) that guarantee that the mirror variables equal the original variables. The disadvantage of this method is that the number of variables and constraints is much larger than the original, which leads to a higher run-time.
A third approach is to adapt existing algorithms, developed for DCOPs, to the ADCOP framework. This has been done for both complete-search algorithms and local-search algorithms.
Comparison with strategic games
The structure of an ADCOP problem is similar to the game-theoretic concept of a simultaneous game. In both cases, there are agents who control variables (in game theory, the variables are the agents' possible actions or strategies). In both cases, each choice of variables by the different agents result in a different payoff to each agent. However, there is a fundamental difference:
In a simultaneous game, the agents are selfish - each of them wants to maximize his/her own utility (or minimize his/her own cost). Therefore, the best outcome that can be sought for in such setting is an equilibrium - a situation in which no agent can unilaterally increase his/her own gain.
In an ADCOP, the agents are considered cooperative: they act according to the protocol even if it decreases their own utility. Therefore, the goal is more challenging: we would like to maximize the sum of utilities (or minimize the sum of costs). A Nash equilibrium roughly corresponds to a local optimum of this problem, while we are looking for a global optimum.
Partial cooperation
There are some intermediate models in which the agents are partially-cooperative: they are willing to decrease their utility to help the global goal, but only if their own cost is not too high. An example of partially-cooperative agents are employees in a firm. On one hand, each employee wants to maximize their own utility; on the other hand, they also want to contribute to the success of the firm. Therefore, they are willing to help others or do some other time-consuming tasks that help the firm, as long as it is not too burdensome on them. Some models for partially-cooperative agents are:
Guaranteed personal benefit: the agents agree to act for the global good if their own utility is at least as high as in the non-cooperative setting (i.e., the final outcome must be a Pareto improvement of the original state).
Lambda-cooperation: there is a parameter . The agents agree to act for the global good if their own utility is at least as high as times their non-cooperative utility.
Solving such partial-coopreation ADCOPs requires adaptations of ADCOP algorithms.
See also
Constraint satisfaction problem
Distributed algorithm
Distributed algorithmic mechanism design
Notes and references
Books and surveys
A chapter in an edited book.
See Chapters 1 and 2; downloadable free online.
Mathematical optimization
Constraint programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20constraint%20optimization |
The New Symphony Orchestra is one of the best-known orchestras in Bulgaria.
History
The New Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1991 in Sofia, Bulgaria by the music critic Julia Hristova as an alternative to the existing Bulgarian musical institutions (which had been financially supported and controlled by the state until the fall of Communism in 1989). Since its inception, the New Symphony Orchestra has produced a cultural model of its own and has created a Society of Friends, dedicated to the welfare of this cultural institution, which is unique in Bulgaria. The Julia Hristova Concert House, which opened in 1990, serves as a home for the Orchestra. This House had its own unique system of organizing and financing the orchestra and working with its young musicians. According to the words of its founder, Julia Hristova, "We worked not to survive but to create."
From the very beginning, the idea of the New Symphony Orchestra was to be both a school and an institution taking care of young, talented musicians who had no experience on the stages of concert halls, but who had the strong desire to work and perfect themselves. Over eight hundred musicians have played for the Orchestra. (The average age of these musicians is 26.) Graduates of the School of the New Symphony Orchestra are now members of the biggest Bulgarian orchestras and opera houses, and of orchestras in the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Western and Central Europe.
The leading principles in the work with the young musicians, most of whom are still students, is respect for one's personal opinions, equal opportunities and flexibility in the system of work.
Since 1992 the New Symphony Orchestra had been conducted by Maestro Rossen Milanov, associate conductor of The Philadelphia Orchestra, who became its Music Director in 1997. Petko Dimitrov has served as the orchestra's Music Director since 2013.
Music Directors
Alexey Izmirliev (1991–1992)
Eraldo Salmieri (Italy) (1992–1995)
Rossen Milanov (1997–2013)
Petko Dimitrov (2013–present)
See also
List of symphony orchestras in Europe
External links
New Symphony Orchestra website
Musical groups established in 1991
Bulgarian orchestras
1991 establishments in Bulgaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Symphony%20Orchestra |
Ulrich Matthes (born 9 May 1959) is a German actor. He is best known for having played Joseph Goebbels in the 2004 film Downfall.
Life and work
Matthes was born in West Berlin and educated at the Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster. He studied acting in the early 1980s in Berlin under Else Bongers. In the 2004 movie Downfall he plays Joseph Goebbels. In the 2004 movie The Ninth Day, he plays Fr. Henri Kremer, a Catholic priest imprisoned at Dachau. He is also the standard German voice for Kenneth Branagh along with Martin Umbach.
In 2019, Matthes served on the jury that chose Pauline Curnier Jardin as winner of the Preis der Nationalgalerie.
Awards
1985: Förderpreis für Literatur der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf in Northrhine-Westphalia
1999: Bavarian Film Award – Best Actor for performance in Rider of the Flames
2003: Deutscher Hörbuchpreis
2007: Theaterpreis Berlin
2008: Deutscher Theaterpreis Der Faust
2015: Goldene Kamera – Best German Actor for performances in the Tatort episode Im Schmerz geboren (“Born in pain”) and in Bornholmer Straße (“Bornholm street”)
2015: Grimme-Preis – Best Actor for performance in Tatort: Im Schmerz geboren
2015: German Television Academy Award – Best Actor for performance in Bornholmer Straße
2016: Lielais Kristaps – Best Actor for performance in Pelnu Sanitorija (Exiled)
2022 Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Film
1969: An einem Tag im September (Short) – Max
1970: Die Wesenacks (TV film) – Fränzchen
1973: Artur, Peter und der Eskimo (TV film) – Peter
1989: Henry V – Henry V (German version)
1992: Herr Ober! – TV game show host
1994: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein – Victor Frankenstein (German version)
1995: Ein falscher Schritt (TV film) – Georg Klein
1995: Der Mörder und sein Kind (TV film) – Rainer Dreyer
1995: Nikolaikirche (TV film) – Alexander ‘Sascha’ Bacher
1995: Othello – Iago (German version)
1996: Hamlet – Prince Hamlet (German version)
1997: (TV film) – Jan-Carl Raspe
1997: Winter Sleepers – Rene
1998: Abgehauen (TV film) – Eberhard E.
1998: Rider of the Flames – Baron Isaac von Sinclair
1999: Aimée & Jaguar – Eckert (SS)
1999: Framed (Short) – Beck
2000: The Coq Is Dead (TV film) – Kommissar Steiner
2002: Mörderherz (TV film) – Dr. Graf
2004: – Peter
2004: The Ninth Day – Abbé Henri Kremer
2004: Downfall – Joseph Goebbels
2006: Wer war Kafka? (Documentary) (voice)
2006: – Dr. Leonhard
2008: – Robert von der Mühlen
2010: (TV film) – Hauptmann
2011: Cracks in the Shell – Ben Kästner
2011: Calm at Sea (TV film) – Ernst Jünger
2012: A Little Suicide (Short) – The Cockroach (voice)
2012: Kunduz: The Incident at Hadji Ghafur – Grewe
2013: The Notebook – Apa
2014: (TV film) – Hartmut Kummer
2016: Pelnu Sanitorija (Exiled) (Latvian film) – Ulrihs
2016: Geschichte einer Liebe – Freya – Helmuth James von Moltke
2016: Die Vierte Gewalt (TV film) – Publisher
2017: Gift (TV film) – Matteo Kälin
2017: Krieg (TV film) – Arnold
2017: Die Puppenspieler (TV film) – Rodrigo Borgia
2019: A Hidden Life – Lorenz Schwaninger
2021: The Story of My Wife – the psychiatrist
2022: Munich - The Edge of War – Adolf Hitler
Television
1995: Wolffs Revier: Sommersprossen – Danzer
1987–1997: Derrick (4 episodes) – Harald Breuer / Robert Lohmann / Holger Küster / Ulrich Huberti
1997: The Old Fox: Der Tod der Eltern – Andreas Gobel
1997–1999: Polizeiruf 110 (2 episodes) – Psychologe / Tanjas Partner
2000: Ein Fall für zwei: Blutiges Pfand – Michael Strobel
2008: The Bill: Proof of Life – Victor Hauptmann (crossover story with Leipzig Homicide)
2011: Tatort: – Günther Kremer
2014: Tatort: – Richard Harloff
2019: Sarah Kohr: Das verschwundene Mädchen – Artem Lasarew
2020: Das Boot
Personal life
In February 2021, Matthes came out as gay.
In April 2023, Matthes was one of the 22 guests at the ceremony in which former Chancellor Angela Merkel was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit for special achievement by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at Schloss Bellevue in Berlin..
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors
Crystal Simorgh recipients
German gay actors
German male film actors
German male television actors
Lielais Kristaps Award winners
Male actors from Berlin
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich%20Matthes |
Barrington Edward "Barry" Hayles (born 17 May 1972) is a football player and coach who plays as a striker. He began his career in the Spartan League with Willesden Hawkeye before playing for Stevenage Borough, Bristol Rovers, Fulham, Sheffield United, Millwall, Plymouth Argyle, Leicester City, Cheltenham Town, St Albans City, Arlesey Town, three separate spells at Truro City, Chesham United, and Windsor. Born in England, he was capped ten times by Jamaica at international level.
Club career
Willesden Hawkeye, Stevenage Borough
Hayles was born in Lambeth, South London. After beginning his career with Willesden Hawkeye in the early 1990s, he joined Isthmian League Premier Division side Stevenage Borough in February 1994, and impressed with the club in his first two seasons there. He was part of the team which won the Football Conference in the 1995–96 season, however when the club were denied promotion to the Football League he became interested in a move away from Broadhall Way. In 1997, after continuing to impress with Stevenage Borough, he earned a move to Football League club Bristol Rovers.
Bristol Rovers
Hayles impressed immediately, scoring on his debut against Plymouth Argyle with a first half header, and went on to top the Division Two scoring chart in his first season with 23 league goals as Rovers narrowly lost 4–3 on aggregate to Northampton Town in the playoffs. After beginning the 1998–99 season brightly, Hayles earned a £2 million pound move to Fulham.
Fulham
Hayles made over 200 appearances during his spell at Fulham, scoring 44 league goals and helping them to two promotions. He was integral to the team that got promoted to the Premier League for the first time in their history in 2001. Highlights during his time in the Premier League included scoring an equaliser against rivals Chelsea, a brace in a 2–0 win over Everton and another brace as Fulham memorably beat Tottenham Hotspur 3–0 at White Hart Lane. During his time at Fulham he was also called up for international duty for Jamaica.
Sheffield United
Hayles was released on a free transfer joining Sheffield United. His spell with the Blades was not a success and he moved to Millwall for a nominal fee two months later.
Millwall
Hayles signed for Millwall aged 32, making over 50 league appearances and scoring 16 goals during his two-year spell at the club.
In the 2004–05 season he notably scored in the local derby against West Ham and a hat trick away at Derby County helping Millwall to finish 10th
Plymouth Argyle
Hayles was signed by Plymouth Argyle by new manager Ian Holloway for a fee of £100,000 prior to the 2006/2007 season, where he quickly established himself as a supporters' favourite after a hugely impressive start which earned him the nickname "The Ox in the box". He made his Plymouth Argyle debut against Wolverhampton Wanderers, where he also scored his first goal for his new club. He has a record of never being on a losing side when scoring for Argyle (14 goals, 7 wins and 7 draws) up to Saturday 28 April 2007. In the 2007–08 season, Hayles planned to leave Plymouth at the end of the season.
Leicester City
On 31 December 2007, Hayles joined Leicester City on an emergency loan, which became permanent for a fee of £150,000 on 2 January, signing an 18-month contract. He made his debut in a 3–1 away defeat to Queens Park Rangers on 1 January, and scored his first goal in a 2–0 win over Coventry City on 12 January, Hayles scored his second and last goal for the club in a 1–0 win over Crystal Palace on 28 January. Leicester was relegated from the Championship at the end of the season.
On 12 August 2008, Hayles joined Cheltenham Town on loan for a month, which was extended for a further month on 11 September. He re-joined Cheltenham on loan for another month 27 November. Hayles had a brief run in the Leicester first team upon his return, but failed to score a single goal. He nonetheless earned a medal on 24 April after the club finished the season as League One champions. Hayles was released at the end of his contract on 29 May.
Cheltenham Town
On 13 July 2009, Hayles joined Cheltenham Town full-time. After making more than 50 league appearances for the Robins, he was released along with seven other players in May 2010.
Truro City
Hayles signed with Southern League Premier Division club Truro City on 18 September 2010. He made his debut three days later against Bideford in the Southern League Cup. He scored his first goal for the club on 9 October 2010 in a 6–0 win against Halesowen Town as City went joint top of the Premier Division table. Having scored two goals in his first month at Treyew Road, Hayles extended his stay for another month. "Barry has settled in fantastically well and has been a great boost for the squad and the club," said Lee Hodges, the manager of Truro City and a teammate of the striker during his time at Plymouth Argyle. "I am absolutely delighted that he is staying" Hodges added. Hayles scored a hat-trick in the top of the table clash between Salisbury City and Truro City on 22 February 2011 in a result that Truro City won 6–0, Salisbury's first home defeat of the 2010–11 Southern League Premier Division season.
St Albans City
Hayles agreed to join Southern League Premier Division side St Albans City at the start of the 2012–13 season after leaving Truro City due to the club's financial problems. However, he returned to Truro on a non-contract basis on 14 December 2012, the same day that the club was sold to new owners.
Arlesey Town
On 24 July 2013, Hayles signed for Arlesey Town after he had scored twice in the first half of their 6–0 friendly win over Langford the previous evening.
Truro City
In August 2014, Hayles re-signed for Truro City and opened his scoring in his second game of the season, scoring both goals in the 2–1 win at Paulton Rovers. That season he helped them reach the Conference South via the play-offs and was again released at the age of 43.
Chesham United
On 26 June 2015, Chesham United announced they had signed Hayles as a player-coach. Chesham United manager Andy Lees stated, "He has a lot to offer on the pitch still and now off it as well as he looks to start a coaching career.". In Chesham United's 1–0 win at Bristol Rovers in the FA Cup on 8 November 2015, Hayles came on as a substitute, receiving an ovation from both sets of supporters.
Windsor
Hayles joined Hellenic League Premier Division side Windsor for a similar role in July 2017.
Merstham
After two years with Windsor, Hayles joined Merstham as assistant manager ahead of the 2019–20 season. He was also registered as a player, and made his début for the club as a second-half substitute in a 4–0 win at Wingate & Finchley.
Following Merstham's relegation from the Isthmian League Premier Division in 2022, Hayles, along with manager Frank Wilson, departed the club.
Windsor
In July 2022, Hayles returned to Windsor as a member of new manager Mick Woodham's backroom staff, the club refusing to rule out the possibility of him playing for the club again. He made his second début for the club on 16 August, playing 81 minutes in a 3–2 defeat at Harefield United.
International career
Hayles was called up to the Cayman Islands squad in 2000 for a pair of FIFA World Cup qualifying matches against Cuba. He took part in an unofficial 5–0 friendly defeat to American club side D.C. United, but he never played for them in a full international after FIFA ruled that he did not meet eligibility requirements.
Hayles has played at least ten times for Jamaica, making his debut against Cuba on 10 June 2001. Although he never announced his retirement from international football, the national team has not called him up since 2005.
Whilst at Stevenage Borough, Hayles played twice for the England Non League Team at that time (now England C Team). The first game was in May 1995 at St Albans FC against the Scottish Highland Football League who beat the England Non League Team 3–2. The second game was again against the Scottish Highland Football League at Cove Rangers FC (three mile south of Aberdeen) in May 1997. This time the England Non League Side won 5–0 with Hayles scoring two goals, and Lee Hughes of Kidderminster Harriers at that time, scoring another two goals.
Career statistics
Honours
Stevenage Borough
Isthmian League Premier Division: 1993–94
Football Conference: 1995–96
Fulham
Second Division: 1998–99
First Division: 2000–01
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2002
Leicester City
League One: 2008–09
Truro City
Southern League Premier Division: 2010–11
Southern League Premier Division Play-off: 2014–15
References
External links
Barry Hayles Official Website at Icons.com
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Lambeth
Men's association football forwards
Jamaican men's footballers
England men's semi-pro international footballers
Jamaica men's international footballers
Stevenage F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
St Albans City F.C. players
Arlesey Town F.C. players
Chesham United F.C. players
Windsor F.C. (2011) players
Merstham F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
National League (English football) players
Southern Football League players
People educated at Archbishop Tenison's Church of England School, Lambeth
Player-coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Hayles |
Benjys was the first low priced chain of sandwich shops in the United Kingdom.
The first branch of Benjys was opened in 1989 in Islington by Paul Benjamin. The Benjamin family expanded the company offering low priced takeaway food, until it was sold for around £40 million in Aug 2000.
The range of products included salads, yoghurts, hot food (such as hot sandwiches, jacket potatoes, pies and paninis), fresh fruit, Weight Watchers products, wraps, pastries, tea and coffee, an Atkins followers low-carb range, soft drinks, snack foods, and a range of bread products, including sandwiches, rolls, torpedoes and paninis.
All Benjys products were produced at a central production unit based in 90 Monier Road, Bow, East London which was opened in 1999. They employed approximately 200 staff at the unit.
Benjys was awarded Sandwich Retailer of the Year, Sandwich Manufacturer of the Year and Marketeer of the Year by the British Sandwich Association in 2003 and Workplace Sandwich Supplier of the Year in 2005.
Benjys Van Franchise ("Vanchise") business, Benjys Delivered, was launched in Sept 2003. The launch went public in September 2003 at the National Franchise Exhibition, held at the NEC. By 2007 there were 100 vans in operation.
In a backed venture capital buyout, the company expanded through franchising. Most of the sixty company branches were located in London and the South East of England, with franchises in major cities outside the South East, such as Leeds, Manchester and Birmingham. The new management expanded turnover further by selling via van-operators in business parks.
By 2006 the chain had 60 stores in London and the South East employing over 650 people.
In 2006, the company went into a pre-packaged administration at the request of Barclays Bank and backers ECI Ventures, and was sold by Deloitte to James Caan-backed Hamilton Bradshaw. Administrators were appointed in February 2007, when the company finally collapsed. At the time, Benjys employed over 650 people.
External links
References
Fast-food chains of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1989
Restaurants established in 1989
Fast-food franchises | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjys |
Electric company may refer to:
Electrical power industry
Electric Company (band), an electronic music project of Brad Laner
Electric Company (football)
The Electric Company, a 1971 TV series
The Electric Company (2009 TV series), the 2009 reboot | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20company |
Ira Lonnie Loudermilk (April 21, 1924 – June 20, 1965), known professionally as Ira Louvin, was an American country music singer, mandolinist and songwriter. He was a cousin of songwriter John D. Loudermilk.
Biography
Ira Louvin was born in Section, Alabama, and played together with his brother, Charlie, in the close harmony tradition as the Louvin Brothers. They were heavily influenced by the Delmore Brothers and Monroe Brothers. Ira played mandolin with Charlie Monroe, guitar player of the Monroe Brothers in the early 1940s. The Louvin Brothers' songs were heavily influenced by their Baptist faith and warned against sin.
Ira was notorious for his drinking and short temper. He married four times, his third wife having shot him multiple times in the chest and hand after he allegedly beat her. He died on June 20, 1965, when a drunken driver struck his car in Williamsburg, Missouri. At the time, a warrant for Louvin's arrest had been issued on a DUI charge.
References
External links
Artist Bio by Kim Summers @ AllMusic
Alabama Hall of Fame inductees – Louvin Brothers
Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee – Ira Louvin
The Louvin Brother's lives from 1927 to 1963, and Ira's brother Charlie's life to the present on Raised Country!
1924 births
1965 deaths
Grand Ole Opry members
Road incident deaths in Missouri
American country singer-songwriters
American mandolinists
20th-century American singer-songwriters
American country mandolinists
Country musicians from Alabama
Singer-songwriters from Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira%20Louvin |
Archibald Paton Thornton (1921 – 19 February 2004) was an academic and historian. He was the author of the seminal history of the British Empire, The Imperial Idea and its Enemies: A Study in British Power (St. Martin's Press, 1959). He was professor of history at University College, University of Toronto.
Born in Glasgow, Scotland, he attended Kelvinside Academy from 1929 to 1939. During the Second World War, he served in the British Army, attaining the rank of captain in the East Riding Imperial Yorkshire Yeomanry. He attended the University of Glasgow, where he received a Master of Arts degree in 1947. He received a D.Phil. from Trinity College, Oxford in 1952. After the war, he was a lecturer in modern history at Trinity College, Oxford from 1948 to 1950. From 1950 to 1957, he was a lecturer in Imperial history at the University of Aberdeen. From 1957 to 1960, he was a professor and chairman of history and dean of arts at the University College of West Indies. In 1960, he was made a professor of history at the University of Toronto and was chairman of the department from 1967 to 1972. He was attached to University College at the University of Toronto and retired in 1987.
He was the author of West-India Policy under the Restoration (1956), The Imperial Idea and its Enemies (1959), Doctrines of Imperialism (1965), The Habit of Authority (1966), For the File on Empire (1968), and Imperialism in the 20th Century (1978).
He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
References
Canadian Who's Who 1997 entry
Oxford University Gazette, 23 June 2006: Colleges, Halls, and Societies
External links
A. P. Thornton archival papers held at the University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services
1921 births
2004 deaths
People educated at Kelvinside Academy
Academics of the University of Aberdeen
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
British Army personnel of World War II
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Canadian Presbyterians
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford
Writers from Glasgow
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Academic staff of the University of the West Indies
20th-century Canadian historians
British expatriates in Jamaica
British emigrants to Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald%20Paton%20Thornton |
The Poldertoren is a water tower at the town center of Emmeloord, Netherlands. The Dutch name Poldertoren could be translated as Polder Tower. The 65-meter tower was built in 1959 and has a large carillon. The tower is no longer in use as a water tower. The owner of the tower was the water company, Vitens, but since 2005 the municipality of Noordoostpolder has owned the tower.
A replica of this watertower exists in Japan.
Details
The tower measures 65.3 meters in height with a weather vane on top bringing the total height to 70.5 meters. Visitors can climb the 243 steps up to a height of 43.4 meters. The Poldertoren has a 13.4 meter diameter. The water storage capacity is 1.850 m3. Building materials for the tower included 1,220 m3 of concrete, 185 metric tons of steel, 600,000 bricks, 624 metric tons of cement and 7,200 drainpipes.
Architects
J.W.H.C. Pot (Architectenbureau Pot en Pot-Keegstra) (1955–1959)
H. van Gent (1950–1959)
History
In an early design of Emmeloord it was decided to build a tower at the central square of the town. The tower in the heart of the Noordoostpolder symbolizes unity of the Noordoostpolder and can be seen from all locations in the Noordoostpolder. The tower is not related to any church, because churches could dominate the others with this tower.
The idea to build a tower originates in the need of a water tower in the Noordoostpolder. The water company of Overijssel decided to offer a prize for the best design of a new water tower in December 1950. The tower had to include a carillon and a visitor platform. The tower had to symbolize unity of the new Noordoostpolder and it had to emphasize Emmeloord as the central town. The design Utillis of the Amsterdam architect H. van Gent was chosen. J.W.H.C. Pot helped him to develop the detailed design.
The carillon
A.D. van Eck had dedicated himself to placing a carillon in the new tower. The result of a fundraising campaign among the Noordoostpolder population was a ring of 48 bells. Every village offered its own bell. The heaviest bell is 2382 kilograms, the lightest weighs 9.9 kilograms.
All bells have inscriptions:
Juliana Regina (Juliana of the Netherlands) (the heaviest bell)
Lely; Fait ce que dois, advienne que pourra
A.D. van Eck, bouwmeester NOP; Facta non Verba
De Arbeid; Ora et Labora
De Vrede; Post Secundum Anno Tertio Decimo
Concordia Res Parvae Crescunt
Ratio Omnia Vincit
References
External links
Emmeloord.info
The Poldertoren on Twitter
Bell towers in the Netherlands
Towers in Flevoland
Carillons
Noordoostpolder
Towers completed in 1959
Water towers in the Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poldertoren |
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