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Dieter Mann (20 June 1941 – 3 February 2022) was a German actor, director, university professor, and radio personality. In his career, he acted in several theater productions and in over 140 film and television productions. Between 1984 and 1991, he was director of the Deutsches Theater. In 1986, he became a member of the Berlin Academy of Arts. Internationally, he is best known for having portrayed Wilhelm Keitel in Downfall.
Early life
Mann was born in Berlin as the son of a worker. He had an older brother who later became a foreign correspondent. He went to school in Pankow and learned the trade of lathe operator at VEB Kühlautomat. After his Abitur, he began acting training in the early 1960s at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts.
Career
From 1964 to 2006, during his time at the Deutsches Theater Berlin, Mann portrayed the Templar in Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's Nathan the Wise, the lead role in Clavigo and Edgar Wibeau in Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.. He also portrayed Demetrius in a German production of A Midsummer Night's Dream. From 1984 to 1991, he was Intendant of the house.
Mann was also a radio announcer for Rundfunk der DDR and would often read plays while on the air. His audio books became bestsellers.
After the reunification of Germany, Mann appeared in a number of productions on film and television. He had guest appearances on the television series such as AS – Danger is his business, Peter Strohm, Tresko, Ein starkes Team, Stubbe – Von Fall zu Fall, In aller Freundschaft, Rosa Roth, Bella Block and several times in Tatort. From 1998 to 2007, he played Prof. Dr. Siegmar Bondzio in the series Der letzte Zeuge. Mann played at the Burgtheater in Vienna and at Frank Castorf's Volksbühne.
From 1995, Mann was a lecturer at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts.
Mann played the role of Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel in the Academy Award-nominated 2004 film Downfall. His final roles were in the 2011 drama and in the 2014 television comedy film Die letzten Millionen.
Awards
Source:
1965 Erich Weinert Medal
1975 Art Prize of the German Democratic Republic
1981 Johannes R. Becher Gold Medal
1984 National Prize 2nd class
1986 Member of the Academy of Arts Berlin
1997 Critics' Award from the Berliner Zeitung for his title role in Ithaca
2003 nomination of the Berliner Morgenpost for the Critics' Prize 2003 for Fülle des Wohllauts
2004 honorary member of the Deutsches Theater
Member of the Deutsche Akademie der Darstellenden Künste
Personal life
Mann was married to and had a daughter, actress . His mother-in-law was actress Inge Keller. Mann remarried and lived near Königs Wusterhausen, Germany.
In 2016, Mann announced that he had Parkinson's disease. He died on 3 February 2022 in Berlin, at the age of 80.
Filmography
The following is an incomplete list of the films where he is credited as actor
1965: Berlin um die Ecke – Olaf
1967: Geschichten jener Nacht – Robert Wagner (segment "Die Prüfung")
1968: I Was Nineteen – Willi Lommer
1969: Unterwegs zu Lenin – Erich
1969: Wie heiratet man einen König? – Götz
1970: He, Du! – Bernd
1973: Der kleine Kommandeur – Oberleutnant Schulz
1974: Leben mit Uwe – Dr. Hunger
1974: Der nackte Mann auf dem Sportplatz – Bauarbeiter
1975: Lotte in Weimar – Karl, the butler
1976: Requiem für Hans Grundig
1976: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers – von Steinfeld
1978: Brandstellen – Bruno Kappel
1978: Ich will euch sehen – SD-Offizier
1978: Das Versteck – Lutz Bibow
1980: – Karl Erp
1980: Levins Mühle – Regierunsgrat von Tittlack
1983: Mat Mariya
1983: Moritz in der Litfaßsäule – Vater Zack
1986: Drost
1987: Stielke, Heinz, fünfzehn… – Untersturmführer
1989: Zwei schräge Vögel – Dr. Bauer
1992: Wunderjahre – Chefredakteur
1993: Kaspar Hauser – Baron Wedel
1995: The Promise (Das Versprechen) – Konrad's Father
1996: Life Is a Bluff – Regierungsdirektor Funkel
1997: – Horst Herold
2001: Goebbels und Geduldig
2004: Blindgänger – Mann in Zivil
2004: Die Stunde der Offiziere – General Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
2004: Downfall (Der Untergang) – Feldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel
2009: 13 Semester – Professor Schäfer
2009: – Michael
2011: – Günther
Writings
References
External links
1941 births
2022 deaths
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
German male film actors
German male television actors
Male actors from Berlin
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
Neurological disease deaths in Germany
Recipients of the Art Prize of the German Democratic Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter%20Mann |
Approximately twenty-seven statues of Gudea have been found in southern Mesopotamia.
Gudea was a ruler (ensi) of the state of Lagash between c. 2144 BC and 2124 BC, and the statues demonstrate a very sophisticated level of craftsmanship for that time.
The known statues have been named by archaeologists as "A" to "Z" and "AA".
Many statues are headless, and there are also detached heads.
Gudea is named in the dedicatory inscription carved on most statues, but in some cases the identity of the ruler portrayed is uncertain.
Provenance
Statues A–K were found during Ernest de Sarzec's excavations in the court of the palace of Adad-nadin-ahhe in Telloh (ancient Girsu). Statues M–Q come from clandestine excavations in Telloh in 1924; the rest come from the art trade, with unknown provenances and sometimes of doubtful authenticity. Figures L and R do not represent Gudea with reasonable certainty.
Description and purpose
The statues were to represent the ruler in temples, to offer a constant prayer in his stead; offerings were made to these. Most of the statues bear an inscribed dedication explaining to which god it was dedicated. Gudea is either sitting or standing; in one case (N), he holds a water-jug au vase jaillissant. He normally wears a close fitting kaunakes, maybe made of sheep-skin, and a long tasseled dress. Only in one example (M, Soclet-statue) he wears a different dress, reminiscent of the Akkadian royal costume (torso of Manishtushu). On the lap of one of them (statue B) is the plan of his palace, with the scale of measurement attached. Statue F is similar to statue B; both are missing their heads, and have on their lap a board with a measuring scale and a stylus, only statue F doesn't have a ground plan.
Size and material
It seems that the early statues are small and made of more local stones (limestone, steatite and redstone); later, when wide-ranging trade-connections had been established, the more costly exotic diorite was used. Unlike the local stone, diorite is extremely hard, and so difficult to carve. Diorite had already been used by old Sumerian rulers (Statue of Entemena). According to the inscriptions, the diorite (, 'diorite or gabbro') came from Magan. The remnants of a very large diorite statue in the British Museum may be a representation of Gudea, but this cannot be determined with certainty. What remains of the statue is 1.5 metres high (and weighs over 1250 kg), meaning that if it were fully reconstructed the statue would be well over 3 metres high and the largest yet discovered sculpture of the ruler.
Dedicatory inscription
The dedication of the diorite statues normally tell how ensi Gudea had diorite brought from the mountains of Magan, formed it as a statue of himself, called by name to honour god/goddess (x) and had the statue brought into the temple of (y). Most of the big (almost lifesize, D is even bigger than life) statues are dedicated to the top gods of Lagash: Ningirsu, his wife Ba'u, the goddesses Gatumdu and Inanna and Ninhursanga as the "Mother of the gods". Q is dedicated to Ningiszida, Gudea's personal protective deity more properly connected to rand Abu Salabikh, the smaller M, N and O to his "wife" Gestinanna. The connection between Ningiszida and Gestinanna was probably invented by Archaeologists in order to effect a closer connection to Lagash.
Table of statues
Further reading
Dietz Otto Edzard, "Gudea and His Dynasty" Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods - RIME 3/1 (Toronto University Press 1997).
F. Johansen, "Statues of Gudea, ancient and modern". Mesopotamia 6, 1978.
A. Parrot, Tello, vingt campagnes des fouilles (1877-1933). (Paris 1948).
H. Steible, "Versuch einer Chronologie der Statuen des Gudea von Lagas". Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 126 (1994), 81-104.
References
External links
Photographs of the Gudea statues at Louvre Insecula.com
Statue M The Detroit Institute of Arts
The true face of Gudea. A realistic statue of Gudea shows us how he may have looked in real life.
Sumerian art and architecture
Sculpture of the Ancient Near East
Dhi Qar Governorate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statues%20of%20Gudea |
The northwestern wolf (Canis lupus occidentalis), also known as the Mackenzie Valley wolf, Alaskan timber wolf, or Canadian timber wolf, is a subspecies of gray wolf in western North America. Arguably the largest gray wolf subspecies in the world, it ranges from Alaska, the upper Mackenzie River Valley; southward throughout the western Canadian provinces, aside from prairie landscapes in its southern portions, as well as the Northwestern United States.
Taxonomy
This wolf is recognized as a subspecies of Canis lupus in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World (2005). The subspecies was first written of by Scottish naturalist Sir John Richardson in 1829. He chose to give it the name occidentalis in reference to its geographic location rather than label it by its color, as it was too variable to warrant such.
According to one source, phylogenetic analyses of North American gray wolves show that there are three clades corresponding to C. l. occidentalis, C. l. nubilus and C. l. baileyi, each one representing a separate invasion into North America from distinct Eurasian ancestors. C. l. occidentalis, the most northwestern subspecies, is descended from the last gray wolves to colonize North America. It likely crossed into North America through the Bering land bridge after the last ice age, displacing C. l. nubilus populations as it advanced, a process which has continued until present times. Along with C. l. nubilus, C. l. occidentalis is the most widespread member of the four gray wolf subspecies in North America, with at least six different synonyms.
Description
Northwestern wolves are one of the largest subspecies of wolves. In British Columbia, Canada, five adult females averaged 42.5 kg or 93.6 lbs with a range of 85 lbs to 100 lbs (38.6 - 45.4 kg) and ten adult males averaged 112.2 lbs or 51.7 kg with a range of 105 lbs to 135 lbs (47.6 - 61.2 kg), with a weight range for all adults of 38.6 kg to 61.2 kg (85 - 135 lbs). In Yellowstone National Park, adult females were average about 40 kg (90 lbs) and adult males average about 50 kg (110 lbs), with a mean adult body mass in winter of . More recent studies have reported the average range of height and weight in the north-west of the United States, both sexes were between tall at the shoulder. Here the weight of males was reported at between , while the females were reported at .
The Northwestern wolf is also one of the longest wolf subspecies, as its length usually ranges from 5 to 6 ft (152-183 cm) and can reach as long as 7 ft (213 cm).
In comparison, the mean adult weights of its nearest rivals in size, the Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus) and the Interior Alaskan wolf (C. l. pambasileus), was reported as and , respectively. Sir John Richardson described the northwestern wolf as having a more robust build than the Eurasian wolf, with a larger, rounder head and a thicker, more obtuse muzzle. Its ears are also shorter, and its fur bushier.
Reintroduction
In Yellowstone National Park, artificially relocated northwestern wolves have been well-documented feeding on elk. They usually stampede the herd using pack teamwork to separate the younger elk from the adults. They also will charge young calves separated from their parents. Winter-weakened or sick elk also play an important part of Yellowstone wolf diets, and it is estimated that over 50 percent of winter-weakened or sick elk in Yellowstone are killed by wolves. Of these, about 12 percent of carcasses were scavenged by other predators, including ravens, bald eagles, black bears, grizzly bears, and coyotes. In the same national park, wolves also prey on bison, though such attacks usually involve sick animals or calves because healthy, adult bison can easily kill wolves with their hooves.
Wolves are present in Canadian and British safari parks including Longleat, Woburn, and Parc Omega.
References
External links
Subspecies of Canis lupus
Carnivorans of North America
Mammals of Canada
Mammals of the United States
Wolves in the United States
Fauna of the Northwestern United States
Fauna of Alaska
Mammals described in 1829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern%20wolf |
ARccOS (Advanced Regional Copy Control Operating Solution) is a copy-protection system made by Sony that is used on some DVDs. Designed as an additional layer to be used in conjunction with Content Scramble System (CSS), the system deliberately creates corrupted sectors on the DVD, which cause copying software to produce errors (see bad sector). The corrupted sectors are in areas of the disk that most DVD players do not access, but most copying software does.
Despite being promoted as "fully compatible with available DVD players and drives," some DVDs with ARccOS cannot be played on some DVD players: Sony DVPCX995, Toshiba SD4700, Harman Kardon DVD101, Microsoft Xbox and others. Sony has announced a future firmware update for their players to fix this incompatibility issue. One revision of the ARccOS scheme used by Sony was incompatible with a higher number of players than average. Sony has offered to replace those discs for owners having problems; the replacement discs will have a newer version of ARccOS coding on them, which Sony claims is more compatible. Some DVD rental companies have warned users that the Sony DVDs in question may not play on their machines. Many DVD rippers have been designed to overcome ARccOS protection; it is also naturally overcome by using ddrescue, a Linux utility designed to copy images with errors.
See also
Compact Disc and DVD copy protection
Content Scramble System
References
Compact Disc and DVD copy protection
Sony products | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARccOS%20protection |
Alexander Kozulin or Aleksandr Kozulin or Alyaksandr Kazulin may refer to the following notable people:
Alyaksandr Kazulin (born 1955), Belarusian politician
Alexander Kozulin (pianist) (born 1955), Ukrainian pianist and composer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Kozulin |
Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (; 1 November 1839 – 21 January 1919) was a prominent Ottoman field marshal and Grand Vizier, who served in the Crimean and Russo-Turkish wars. Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was appointed as Grand Vizier in July 1912 at age 72, largely due to his prestige as an old military hero.
Biography
Early life and military career
Ahmed Muhtar was born on 1 November 1839 to a Turkish family in Bursa in the Ottoman Empire and was educated in the Ottoman Military College in Istanbul. His father was merchant Halil Efendi. He eventually became professor and then governor of the school.
In 1856, he served as an adjutant during the Crimean War. In 1862, he was a staff officer in the disastrous Montenegrin campaign. Between 1870 and 1871, he quelled rebellions in Yemen. He gained the titles of Pasha and Marshal and, in 1873, was made commander of the Second Army Corps, holding the position until 1876. During the 1875 uprisings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, he assumed control of the Ottoman forces there. On the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878, he was sent to take charge of operations in Erzurum. Although the Russians ultimately defeated the Ottomans in the war, Muhtar's victories against them in the eastern front won him the title Gazi ("The Victorious").
In 1879, Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was appointed the commander of the Ottoman Empire's frontier with Greece, before being sent in 1885 to serve as the Ottoman High Commissioner in Egypt.
Later life and premiership ("Great Cabinet")
Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was appointed as Grand Vizier in July 1912 at age 72, largely due to his prestige as an old military hero. His premiership was a result of the Savior Officers () forcing the dissolution of the previous Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) government under Grand Vizier Mehmed Said Pasha. The Savior Officers were partisans of the opposition Freedom and Accord Party (also known as the Liberal Union or Entente) who felt cheated after the infamous 1912 elections, known as the "Election of Clubs" (), in which the CUP had employed electoral fraud and violence to gain 269 of the 275 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (, the popularly elected lower house of the national General Assembly) while leaving only 6 to the opposition.
The non-party, independent cabinet formed by Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was known as the "Great Cabinet" () because it included three former Grand Viziers as ministers and sometimes as the "Father-Son Cabinet" () because it included Ahmed Muhtar Pasha's son, Mahmud Muhtar Pasha, as Minister of the Navy. Because the Great Cabinet did not include any members of the CUP, rumors began to spread that the government would dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, which was dominated by CUP after the fraudulent 1912 elections. A few days after Ahmed Muhtar Pasha took office, the Savior Officers sent a letter of threat to the President of the Chamber of Deputies (and CUP member), Halil Bey, demanding that the Chamber be dissolved for new elections within 48 hours. The CUP members in the Chamber condemned and censured this threat. However, thanks to a law he had passed through the Senate, Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was able, with the sultan's support, to dissolve the Chamber with ease on 5 August.
After the dissolution of the Chamber, the First Balkan War erupted early in October 1912, catching Ahmed Muhtar Pasha's administration off-guard. Martial law was declared, and Ahmed Muhtar Pasha resigned as Grand Vizier on 29 October after just four months in the premier's office.
Death
Ahmed Muhtar Pasha died in Istanbul on 21 January 1919 at the age of 79. His son Mahmud Muhtar Pasha was also a high-ranking commander in the Ottoman Army and the Minister of the Navy in Ahmed Muhtar Pasha's own government. After the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, the Turkish government published a postage stamp with his image to honor his legacy.
See also
1912 Ottoman general election
List of Ottoman grand viziers
References
Notes
Sources
External links
(PDF version)
1839 births
1919 deaths
Ottoman Military Academy alumni
Ottoman Military College alumni
Ottoman Army generals
Pashas
Ottoman military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
Ottoman military personnel of the Crimean War
Ottoman governors of Crete
Field marshals of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman people of the Italo-Turkish War
Ottoman people of the Balkan Wars
20th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
Astronomers from the Ottoman Empire
19th-century astronomers
20th-century astronomers
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Muhtar%20Pasha |
Mahmud Muhtar Pasha (; 1867 – 15 March 1935), known as Mahmut Muhtar Katırcıoğlu since 1934, was an Ottoman-born Turkish military officer and diplomat, the son of the Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha.
Biography
He was of Turkish origin. He was born in Constantinople and returned to the city in 1893 after seven years' military education in Germany. He was a participant in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, in spite of the prohibition by the Sultan Abd-ul-Hamid II. In 1910, he became Minister of the Navy in Ibrahim Hakki Pasha's cabinet and arranged the construction of the first Turkish dreadnought. He married Princess Nimetullah Khanum Effendi, a daughter of Isma'il Pasha and they had five children.
At the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, he went to the front, commanded the III Corps in the Battle of Kirk Kilisse , Battle of Lule Burgas and was severely wounded in the First Battle of Çatalca He wrote an account of his experiences in the Balkan War titled Why We Lost Rumelia (), of which German and French versions appeared in 1913. He later fought in the Turkish War of Independence where he joined the forces of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
On 30 May 1929, Mahmud Muhtar Pasha was put on trial before the Supreme Court (formerly , today ) on charges of damnifying the state treasury by remitting 20,000 pounds without security to the British Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company in conjunction with works for the Anatolian Railway Company. On 3 November 1929, he was sentenced to making a payment of 22,000 Turkish gold coins discounted by five percent.
See also
List of Turkish diplomats
Sources
1867 births
1935 deaths
Ottoman Military Academy alumni
Ottoman Military College alumni
Ottoman Army generals
Pashas
Ottoman military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897)
Ottoman military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War
Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Government ministers of the Ottoman Empire
Diplomats of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman governors of Aidin
Turkish politicians convicted of crimes
Turks from the Ottoman Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud%20Muhtar%20Pasha |
Champions
Major League Baseball
World Series: Cincinnati Reds over Detroit Tigers (4-3)
All-Star Game, July 9 at Sportsman's Park: National League, 4-0
Other champions
Amateur World Series: Cuba
Negro League Baseball All-Star Game: East, 11-0
Awards and honors
Most Valuable Player
Hank Greenberg (AL) – OF, Detroit Tigers
Frank McCormick (NL) – 1B, Cincinnati Reds
The Sporting News Player of the Year Award
Bob Feller – P, Cleveland Indians
The Sporting News Most Valuable Player Award
Hank Greenberg (AL) – OF, Detroit Tigers
Frank McCormick (NL) – 1B, Cincinnati Reds
The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award
Bill McKechnie – Cincinnati Reds
Statistical leaders
Major league baseball final standings
American League final standings
National League final standings
Negro league baseball final standings
Negro American League final standings
Negro National League final standings
Events
January
January 1 - Kenesaw Mountain Landis voids a trade that would have sent pitcher George Coffman and second baseman Benny McCoy to the Philadelphia A's in exchange for outfielder Wally Moses. Landis claims the Tigers hid McCoy as his reason for voiding the trade, setting in motion a decision he would make later that month.
January 10- The Brooklyn Dodgers signed pitcher Wes Ferrell as a free agent.
January 14 – Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis declares 87 players from the Detroit Tigers' farm system free agents because they had been "hidden" from other teams. The move allows Benny McCoy to sign with the Philadelphia A's as a free agent.
January 31 - Catcher and future spy for the U.S. Government, catcher Moe Berg, is released by the Boston Red Sox.
February
February 2 - The election of a Negro National League president ends in a deadlock, with three owners voting for incumbent Tom Wilson and three voting for New York City businessman C. B. Powell.
February 23 - A compromise by Alex Pompez ended a three-week stalemate between the Negro National League clubs over the election of a league president and the role of promoter Eddie Gottlieb. League president Tom Wilson, vice president Ed Bolden, and secretary Cumberland Posey were all reelected for the 1940 season. Newark Eagles owner Abe Manley, who opposed Wilson's reelection, became league treasurer. Gottlieb was allowed to continue promoting the majority of games at Yankee Stadium, but the New York Black Yankees were allowed to promote a double-header at their own home field.
February 24 - The Brooklyn Dodgers work out a trade with the Boston Red Sox. The deal sees the Dodgers Send Red Evans and Art Parker, along with $3,500 cash to acquire Pee Wee Reese.
March
March 7 - The National League defeats the AL in a charity exhibition All-Star game. The contest is broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System raises more than $20,000. The funds are used to help citizens of Finland whose homes and businesses were destroyed in an attack by the USSR.
April
April 16 – The Cleveland Indians' Bob Feller pitches a 1-0 opening day no-hitter against the Chicago White Sox.
April 23 – Hall of famer Pee Wee Reese makes his major league debut at shortstop for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
April 30 – Tex Carleton pitches a no-hitter as the Brooklyn Dodgers defeat the Cincinnati Reds, 3–0.
May
May 7 -The St. Louis Cardinals defeat the Brooklyn Dodgers, 18–2. The Cards have 49 bases on twenty hits, including thirteen extra-base hits and seven home runs.
May 8 - The Cincinnati Reds trade outfielder Vince DiMaggio to the Pittsburgh Pirates for outfielder Johnny Rizzo.
May 13 - Pitcher Willis Hudlin is released by the Cleveland Indians. Three days later he signs with the Washington Senators and continues a journey that will see him pitch for four different teams in the 1940 season.
May 20 - Pinky Higgins belts three home runs, hitting them in the fourth, fifth, and seventh innings in the Tigers 10–7 win over Boston.
May 22 - The Brooklyn Dodgers sign Al Campanis as a free agent.
May 24 - The St. Louis Browns play their first home game under artificial lights, but the hometown fans go home unhappy as the team falls to Bob Feller and the Cleveland Indians 3–2. In the National League on the same night, the New York Giants defeat the Boston Braves 8–1 in the first night game played at the polo grounds.
June
June 4 - In the first game under the lights for the St. Louis Cardinals, Joe Medwick goes five for five, hitting three doubles, yet the Cardinals fall to the Brooklyn Dodgers 10–1.
June 5 - After purchasing his contract earlier in the year, the New York Giants return Johnny Broaca, who was playing in the minor leagues, to the Cleveland Indians. The Indians then turn around and place Broaca on waivers, and he never pitches in the major leagues again.
June 6 – The Boston Bees sign 19-year-old left-handed pitcher Warren Spahn.
June 8 - Harry Craft hits a three run home run in the fifth inning of a contest against the Brooklyn Dodgers. The hit completes the cycle for Craft, who finished the game five for five as Cincinnati defeats Brooklyn 23–2.
June 12 - In one of the seasons biggest trades, the Brooklyn Dodgers acquire Joe Medwick and pitcher Curt Davis, along with cash, from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for outfielder Ernie Koy and pitcher Carl Doyle, along with Bert Haas and Sam Nahem. The deal is one of the first made by GM Larry MacPhail to turn the Dodgers into a contending team.
June 15 – In a 12–1 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates, the New York Giants' Harry Danning hits for a cycle against that includes an inside-the-park home run. The ball became lodged behind an Eddie Grant memorial in front of the Giants' clubhouse.
June 18 - Joe Medwick, recently acquired by Brooklyn from the St. Louis Cardinals, is beaned by former teammate Bob Bowman. As Medwick is carried from the field on a stretcher, an enraged Larry MacPhail demands criminal charges be brought against Bowman, as MacPhail insisted the beaning was in response to a beef between the two ball players.
July
July 9 – Boston Bees outfielder Max West hits a three-run home run in the first inning, as the National League defeats the American League, 4–0, in the All-Star Game at Sportsman's Park, home of the St. Louis Cardinals.
July 15 - Willis Hudlin is released by the Washington Senators. One week later, he signs with the New York Giants, making the Giants the third team Hudlin would pitch for that season.
August
August 3 - Upset by what he viewed as a poor performance against the Boston Bees, Cincinnati Reds catcher Willard Hershberger takes his own life hours before a double header against Boston.
Less than a week after being released by the Giants, Willis Hulin signs with the St. Louis Browns, thus making the Browns the fourth team Hudlin pitched for in during the 1940 season.
September
September 24 – Jimmie Foxx hit his career 500th home run.
September 30 – The Cleveland Indians finish one-game behind the Detroit Tigers in the American League pennant race, thus disappointing Ohio baseball fans who had been rooting all season long for what would have been the only All-Ohio World Series in baseball history, between the National League champions Cincinnati Reds and the Cleveland Indians.
October
October 8 – The Cincinnati Reds defeat the Detroit Tigers, 2–1, in Game 7 of the World Series to win their second World Championship, four games to three. This was Cincinnati's first World Series victory since the infamous Black Sox scandal in 1919. Reds' Bill McKechnie became the first manager to win World Series with two different teams. In 1925 he had won the Classic as manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates.
November
November 11 – Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Larry MacPhail acquires starting pitcher Kirby Higbe, from the Philadelphia Phillies, in exchange for catcher Mickey Livingston, pitchers Bill Crouch and Vito Tamulis, and $100,000. Higbe, who won 14 games this past season, will win 22 games in to lead National League pitchers.
December
December 5 - The New York Yankees sell the contract of outfielder Jake Powell to the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League.
December 12 – The Boston Red Sox send Doc Cramer to the Washington Senators for Gee Walker, then package him with Jim Bagby & Gene Desautels, and send them to the Cleveland Indians for Joe Dobson, Odell Hale & Frankie Pytlak. They also purchase Pete Fox's contract from the Detroit Tigers.
Births
January
January 4 – Bart Shirley
January 6 – Elvio Jiménez
January 7 – Jim Hannan
January 8 – Dick Kelley
January 10 – Dave Skaugstad
January 11 – Hank Fischer
January 12 – George Kernek
January 13 – Ron Brand
January 16 – Bob Baird
January 16 – Rod Miller
January 21 – Rich Beck
January 23 – Dick Burwell
February
February 14 – Len Gabrielson
February 19 – Bill Kelso
February 21 – Doug Gallagher
February 25 – Danny Cater
February 25 – Ron Santo
March
March 1 – Larry Brown
March 6 – Willie Stargell
March 10 – Mitsuhiro Adachi
March 13 – Gary Kolb
March 18 – Tony Martínez
March 19 – Pete Smith
March 22 – Dick Ellsworth
April
April 3 – José Vidal
April 5 – Ron Campbell
April 11 – Dick Wantz
April 12 – Woodie Fryman
April 15 – Willie Davis
April 16 – Garry Roggenburk
April 21 – Bill Faul
April 24 – Terry Tata
May
May 6 – Bill Hands
May 10 – John R. Keennan
May 11 – Harry Fanok
May 12 – Tom Timmermann
May 18 – Jim Hicks
May 20 – Sadaharu Oh
June
June 2 – Horace Clarke
June 2 – Jim Maloney
June 12 – Del Bates
June 19 – Isao Harimoto
June 28 – Gary Wagner
July
July 3 – Coco Laboy
July 3 – César Tovar
July 8 – Bucky Brandon
July 10 – Gene Alley
July 10 – Pete Craig
July 12 – Mike Page
July 12 – Jack Warner
July 13 – Jack Aker
July 13 – Frank Bork
July 16 – Tom Metcalf
July 18 – Joe Torre
July 21 – John Bateman
July 21 – Denis Menke
July 23 – Hank Allen
July 24 – Ethan Blackaby
August
August 3 – Roger Repoz
August 5 – Ossie Chavarría
August 13 – Tony Cloninger
August 15 – Arlo Brunsberg
August 15 – José Santiago
August 18 – Paul Popovich
August 25 – Don Wallace
August 28 – Tom Satriano
August 31 – Ramón Hernández
August 31 – Cleo James
September
September 1 – Pat House
September 10 – Bob Chance
September 11 – Jackie Hernández
September 12 – Rich Barry
September 12 – Mickey Lolich
September 15 – Frank Linzy
September 17 – Cisco Carlos
September 21 – Jerry Fosnow
September 24 – Curt Motton
October
October 1 – John Schuerholz
October 7 – Morrie Steevens
October 9 – Joe Pepitone
October 10 – Larry Maxie
October 10 – Grover Powell
October 12 – Glenn Beckert
October 14 – Tommy Harper
October 14 – Billy Sorrell
October 16 – Dave DeBusschere
October 27 – Héctor Valle
November
November 8 – Joe Nossek
November 9 – Don Loun
November 16 – Buster Narum
November 18 – Cal Koonce
November 20 – Jeffrey Loria
November 21 – Tommy McCraw
November 23 – Billy Ott
November 23 – Luis Tiant
November 25 – Dennis Aust
December
December 1 – Cecil Perkins
December 3 – Chico Salmon
December 5 – John Papa
December 8 – Brant Alyea
December 10 – Weldon Bowlin
December 12 – Tom Brown
December 13 – Nate Oliver
December 20 – Thad Tillotson
December 22 – Elrod Hendricks
December 26 – Ray Sadecki
Deaths
January
January 3 – Mike Mahoney, 88, first baseman who played from 1897 to 1898 for the Boston Beaneaters and St. Louis Browns.
January 3 – Parke Swartzel, 74, pitcher for the 1889 Kansas City Cowboys.
January 12 – Ed Keas, 77, pitcher for the 1888 Cleveland Blues of the American Association.
January 20 – Wally Andrews, 60, infield utility man who played with the Louisville Eclipse in 1884 and for the Louisville Colonels in 1888.
January 31 – Red Fisher, 52, left fielder who played in 1910 with the St. Louis Browns of the American League.
February
February 5 – Frank Decker, 83, catcher/infielder who played with the Syracuse Stars in 1879 and for the St. Louis Brown Stockings in 1882.
February 5 – Byrd Lynn, 50, Chicago White Sox catcher who served as a backup for Hall of Famer Ray Schalk and also was a member of the White Sox club that won the World Series in 1917.
February 13 – Walter Barnes, 79, sports editor for several Boston newspapers from 1891 to 1933 who was that city's first regular sports columnist.
February 15 – Chick Fulmer, 89, shortstop who played for eight teams in three different leagues during 11 seasons from 1871 to 1884.
February 15 – Ray Morgan, 50, second baseman who was part of a stellar double play combo along with shortstop George McBride for the Washington Senators from 1911 through 1918.
February 16 – Charlie Berry, 79, second baseman for the Altoona Mountain City, Kansas City Cowboys, and Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies during the 1884 Union Association season.
February 21 – John Taber, 71, pitcher for the 1890 Boston Beaneaters of the National League.
February 26 – Matt Broderick, 62, second baseman for the Brooklyn Superbas of the National League in 1903.
March
March 2 – Matt Kilroy, 73, pitcher for six teams in 10 seasons spanning 1896–1898, who won 46 games in 1887, hurled a no-hitter in 1886 and struck out 513 batters that season, the most ever in a single season and far ahead of second-place Charles Radbourn, who struck out 441 in 1884.
March 6 – Marshall Locke, 82, outfielder for the 1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers.
March 7 – Johnny Johnston, 49, left fielder who played with the St. Louis Browns in 1913.
March 13 – Ira Flagstead, 46, outfielder with a strong arm and a reliable glove who played for the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, Washington Senators and Pittsburgh Pirates in a span of 14 seasons from 1917 to 1930, hitting .290 with 40 home runs and 450 RBI in 1,218 career games, while leading all American League outfielders for the most assists in 1923 (31) and 1925 (24), and for the best fielding average in 1927 (.986).
March 22 – Libe Washburn, 29, outfielder and pitcher who played from 1902 to 1903 with the New York Giants and Philadelphia Phillies.
March 30 – Roy Crabb, 49, pitcher for the Chicago White Sox and Philadelphia Athletics during the 1912 season.
March 30 – George McQuillan, 55, pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, Cincinnati Reds, Pittsburgh Pirates and Cleveland Indians during ten seasons from 1907 to 1918, who in 1907 set one of the longest-lived records in Major League history when he pitched 25 innings before giving up the first earned run of his career, a feat broken by Brad Ziegler in 2008.
April
April 8 – Bill Abstein, 57, first baseman who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Browns in part of three seasons spanning 1906–1910.
April 8 – Dave Murphy, 63, shortstop for the 1905 Boston Beaneaters.
April 10 – Tom Seaton, 52, pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, Brooklyn Tip-Tops, Newark Pepper and Chicago Cubs in six seasons from 1912 to 1917, who posted a record of 93-63 and a 3.14 ERA in 231 career games, while leading the National League in wins and strikeouts during the 1913 season.
April 12 – Fred Klobedanz, 68, pitcher for the Boston Beaneaters in a span of five seasons from 1896 to 1902, who was a member of the Boston team that clinched the National League pennant in 1897 and 1898 and led the league in winning percentage in 1897.
April 22 – Alex Hardy, 62, Canadian-born pitcher who played for the Chicago Cubs/Orphans of the National League in 1902 and 1903.
April 28 – Henry Cote, 76, pitcher for the Louisville Colonels of the National League in the 1894 and 1895 seasons.
April 30 – Patsy Dougherty, 63, outfielder for the Boston Americans and Chicago White Sox clubs that won the World Series in 1903 and 1906 respectively, who became the first player to hit two home runs in a single World Series game with a pair in 1903, while leading the American League with 47 stolen bases in 1908.
May
May 5 – Bill Wise, 79, pitcher/outfielder who played for the Baltimore Orioles of the American Association in 1882, the Washington Nationals of the Union Association in 1884, and the Washington Nationals of the National League in 1886.
May 8 – Chick Fraser, 66, pitcher for seven teams in 14 seasons from 1896 through 1909, most prominently for the 1907 and 1908 Chicago Cubs clubs that won the World Series, who hurled a no-hitter in 1903 and ranks second on the all-time list of most hit batsmen by a Major League Baseball pitcher.
May 14 – Harry Gaspar, 57, pitcher who played from 1909 through 1912 for the Cincinnati Reds.
May 16 – Spike Shannon, 62, outfielder over parts of five seasons from 1904 to 1908 with the St. Louis Cardinals, New York Giants and Pittsburgh Pirates, who led the National League for the most scored runs in the 1907 season.
June
June 1 – Logan Drake, 40, pitcher who made ten total appearances for 1922–1924 Cleveland Indians.
June 3 – Billy Kelly, 54, catcher.
June 4 – Phil Baker, 86, first baseman/catcher.
June 16 – Bill Hawes, 83, outfielder/first baseman.
June 19 – Ed Pabst, 72, outfielder.
June 24 – Bert Adams, 49, catcher.
June 24 – Axel Lindstrom, 44, pitcher.
June 26 – Jimmie Savage, 56, outfielder.
June 26 – Billy Reid, 83, second baseman.
June 27 – Frank Thompson, 44, third baseman.
July
July 3 – John Stafford, 70, pitcher.
July 5 – George Yeager, 66, catcher.
July 13 – Ollie Tucker, 38, outfielder.
July 16 – Bill Leith, 67, pitcher.
July 19 – John Heileman, 67, third baseman.
July 22 – Charlie Swindells, 61, pitcher.
July 27 – Tom Williams, 69, pitcher/outfielder.
July 28 – Red Ehret, 71, pitcher.
July 28 – Stan Yerkes, 65, pitcher.
August
August 3 – Willard Hershberger, 30, Cincinnati Reds' catcher who committed suicide in his hotel room as the Reds were visiting the Boston Bees during a weekend series; he was hitting .309 in 48 games when he died; the Reds dedicated the 1940 season to his memory, then won NL pennant by 12 games and the seven-game 1940 World Series.
August 5 – Ed Bruyette, 65, outfielder.
August 13 – Buck Stanley, 50, pitcher.
August 14 – Charlie Hollocher, 44, shortstop for the 1918–1924 Chicago Cubs, appearing in 760 career games.
August 17 – Bock Baker, 62, pitcher.
August 21 – Ernest Thayer, 77, newspaper editor whose 1888 poem "Casey at the Bat" became a staple of baseball culture.
August 24 – Ed Hallinan, 52, shortstop.
August 28 – Charlie Johnson, 55, outfielder.
September
September 1 – Gus Dundon, 66, second baseman.
September 3 – Johnny Welch, 33, pitcher.
September 10 – Bill Shipke, 57, third baseman.
September 14 – Andy Knox, 76, first baseman.
September 15 – Ed Yewell, 78, outfielder/infielder.
September 21 – Billy Otterson, 78, shortstop.
September 25 – Mike Jordan, 77, outfielder.
October
October 5 – Crazy Schmit, 74, pitcher.
October 9 – Bill Massey, 69, first baseman.
October 17 – George Davis, 70, Hall of Fame shortstop for the Cleveland Spiders, New York Giants and Chicago White Sox in 20 seasons spanning 1890–1909, who hit over .300 in nine consecutive seasons from 1893 to 1901, fashioned a then-record 33-game hitting streak in 1893, and set Major League records for the most career hits (2600+) and RBI (1437) by a switch-hitter, while leading the Hitless Wonder White Sox in their victory over the Chicago Cubs in the 1906 World Series.
October 23 – Harry Krause, 52, pitcher.
November
November 3 – Joe Burke, 72, third baseman.
November 4 – George Bird, 90, outfielder.
November 5 – Bill Mellor, 66, first baseman.
November 12 – Joe Quinn, 75, second baseman.
November 14 – George Clark, 49, pitcher for the 1913 New York Yankees.
November 18 – John Harkins, 81, pitcher.
December
December 7 – Harry Eells, 60, pitcher.
December 16 – Billy Hamilton, 74, Hall of Fame center fielder and a prolific hitter who hit better than .300 in 12 successive seasons en route to a career mark of .344, including two batting crowns, while collecting eleven 100-run seasons with a record 192 in 1894; 914 career stolen bases, a single-season total of 111 steals in 1891 and a single-game of seven in 1894, ending his career as one of only three big leaguers whose runs scored (1,691) exceeded his games played (1,578).
December 18 – John Kiley, 81, left fielder/pitcher.
December 22 – Patsy McGaffigan, 52, infielder.
December 22 – Bill Schwartz, 76, catcher.
References
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%20in%20baseball |
Games People Play: The Psychology of Human Relationships is a 1964 book by psychiatrist Eric Berne. The book was a bestseller at the time of its publication, despite drawing academic criticism for some of the psychoanalytic theories it presented. It popularized Berne's model of transactional analysis among a wide audience, and has been considered one of the first pop psychology books.
Background
The author Eric Berne was a psychiatrist specializing in psychotherapy who began developing alternate theories of interpersonal relationship dynamics in the 1950s. He sought to explain recurring patterns of interpersonal conflicts that he observed, which eventually became the basis of transactional analysis. After being rejected by a local psychoanalytic institute, he focused on writing about his own theories. In 1961, he published Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy. That book was followed by Games People Play, in 1964. Berne did not intend for Games People Play to explore all aspects of transactional analysis, viewing it instead as an introduction to some of the concepts and patterns he identified. He borrowed money from friends and used his own savings to publish the book.
Summary
In the first half of the book, Berne introduces his theory of transactional analysis as a way of interpreting social interactions. He proposes that individuals encompass three roles or ego states, known as the Parent, the Adult, and the Child, which they switch between. He postulates that while Adult to Adult interactions are largely healthy, dysfunctional interactions can arise when people take on mismatched roles such as Parent and Child or Child and Adult.
The second half of the book catalogues a series of "mind games" identified by Berne, in which people interact through a patterned and predictable series of "transactions" based on these mismatched roles. He states that although these interactions may seem plausible, they are actually a way to conceal hidden motivations under scripted interactions with a predefined outcome. The book uses casual, often humorous phrases such as "See What You Made Me Do," "Why Don't You — Yes But," and "Ain't It Awful" as a way of briefly describing each game. Berne describes the "winner" of these mind games as the person that returns to the Adult ego-state first.
Reception and influence
Commercial performance
The book was a commercial success, and reached fifth place on The New York Times Best Seller list in March 1966. It has been described as one of the first "pop psychology" books. As of 1965, there has been eight additional printings after its initial run of 3,000, and a total of 83,000 copies had been published. In a Time magazine article titled "The Names of the Games," speculated that the book's popularity was due to its ts applications for both self help and "cocktail party talk." Carol M. Taylor, in the Florida Communication Journal, noted that many concepts and terms from transactional analysis had made their way into everyday speech.
The book was republished as an audiobook in 2012.
Critical reception
Despite its popularity among lay readership, Berne's model of interpersonal relationships received criticism from academics. A 1974 article by Roger W. Hite in Speech Teacher noted that although its theoretical basis had inspired numerous subsequent publications, there was little research or scientific support for it. Ben L. Glancy in a review for Quarterly Journal of Speech described Berne's work as "parlor psychiatry and party-time psychoanalysis." He wrote that the book oversimplified interpersonal relationships and was "antithetical" to contemporary psychological research. Some scholars, including proponents of transactional analysis, have expressed concern over the popularization of oversimplified psychological concepts as self help methods. Peter Hartley's Interpersonal Communication noted the relative lack of academic review and interest in popular mental healthcare as opposed to physical healthcare in his overview of transactional analysis.
See also
I'm OK – You're OK
References
External links
Official website
Popular psychology books
Transactional analysis
Self-help books
Popular psychology
1964 non-fiction books
Books about game theory
Books about games
Play (activity)
1964 neologisms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games%20People%20Play%20%28book%29 |
Prokhorovka () is an urban locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Prokhorovsky District of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, along the Psyol River southeast of the city of Kursk. Population:
History
The first mention of the populated area in historical documents dates back to the second half of the 17th century. Polish nobleman Kiril G. Ilyinsky and his son Sava left during the Russian-Polish war of 1654–67 in Poland under the Belgorod, where they founded the suburb Elias. In 1860 Elias Sloboda was renamed in honor of the reigning Emperor Alexander II in the village of Alexandrov. In the 1880s west of the village passed a line of the Kursk-Kharkov-Azov railway. At the same time Prokhorovka station was built, named after the railway engineer V. I. Prokhorov responsible for its construction.
In the summer of 1943, Prokhorovka was the site of the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major armored confrontation during the Battle of Kursk of World War II. In July 2013, Vice Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin offered to establish by 2015 a museum commemorating the battle. The display of armored vehicles will be permanent and the technologies shown there will bring up recollections of the events of World War II.
Transportation
Prokhorovka serves as a railway station on a major railway linking Moscow and the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv.
Gallery
References
Urban-type settlements in Belgorod Oblast
Populated places in Prokhorovsky District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokhorovka%2C%20Belgorod%20Oblast |
Skala (Greek: Σκάλα) is a village located in the municipal unit of Eleios-Pronnoi, some 39 km south from the island's main town of Argostoli and 14 km SW of Poros, in the south of Cephalonia, one of the Ionian Islands of Greece.
During the summer, Skala becomes a popular holiday destination.
Villages
The community of Skala consists of the following villages:
Skala, pop. 760
Aleimmatas, pop. 20
Ratzakli, pop. 117
Fanies, pop. 25
History
The current village was built in 1956 and replaces the old village which was levelled during the 1953 Ionian earthquake, killing 36 and injuring hundreds of villagers. The original village was located on the hill behind the present one, as many of the island's were, in order to avoid invasion from raiders and pirates during the previous centuries. The name 'Skala' originates from the Greek word for stairs. It was given this name because when it was in its original place, the houses seemed to ascend almost as though they were a set of stairs.
On the edge of the present village is the remains of a 3rd-century Roman villa with some remarkably well preserved mosaics. Visitors can visit the site for a small fee to see the mosaic flooring in three rooms, which were excavated in 1957.
Three kilometres along the beach road towards Poros is the site of a 7th-century Temple dedicated to the god Apollo. Here are the foundation stones and parts of three Doric columns.
During the months of April through to October, Skala becomes a popular tourist resort. With beaches, hotels and many restaurants, the town’s population quadruples during the summer months.
Agriculture
Skala was a farming community up until the onset of tourism in the late 20th century. Most families had and still have fields or small holdings on which they grow summer and winter vegetables. They also have excellent wine producing vineyards, and olive trees which provide Greece's elixir of life, olive oil. Orange, lemon, walnut, almond and fig trees have been planted throughout the area.
Herds of goats, sheep and cows freely roam the hillsides around Skala.
Multi coloured beehives can be seen dotted around the fields and hillsides, producing Cephalonia's thyme flavoured honey.
Transport
Buses link Skala with the island's main town Argostoli, twice in the morning during the summer months - this reduces to a single service during the winter. Only one bus returns to Skala in the afternoon once the shops in Argostoli close at 2pm. There is also a bus connecting Skala to Poros.
External links
Skala Beach | Tourist Guide KefaloniaVisit.com
Skala community (Elios-Pronnoi Municipality) website #1]
Skala community (Elios-Pronnoi Municipality) website #2
Street View Virtual Tour of Skala
Official guide to Skala Kefalonia - Island of Dreams
References
Populated places in Cephalonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala%2C%20Cephalonia |
The Aro-Ibibio Wars were a series of conflicts between the Aro people (subgroup of the Igbo) and a Ibibio in present-day Southeastern Nigeria at Ibom Kingdom from 1630 to 1902. These wars led to the foundation of the Arochukwu kingdom.
The Arochukwu conquest
Before Igbo arrival in the Aro territory, a group of proto Ibibio migrated to the area and established the Ibom Kingdom. This proto Ibibio group originally came from Usak Edet (Isanguele) in present-day Southern Cameroon. The Eze Agwu clan from Abiriba, initiated Igbo migration into the region around the mid-17th century. The Ibibio clan welcomed all until some started rebelling against the ruling house. The Eze Awgu group who lead the rebellion against the ruling family aligned with several outside forces like the Priest Nnachi from the Edda group near Afikpo, was called by their king Awgu Inobia (Eze Agwu) for help. When he arrived, Nnachi and Eze Agwu allied with prince Akakpokpo Okon of the Ibibio kingdom of Ibom Kingdom. Akakpokpo Okon was the son of a marriage between an Igbo woman of the Eze Agwu clan and the King Obong Okon Ita in an attempt of a peace treaty for a war that have been fought between the Igbo subgroup and Ibibio. The Eze Agwu/Nnachi faction decided to help Akakpokpo attempt to overthrow his brother king Akpan Okon.
The coup was heavily resisted which called for even more help. Through Nnachi, an Eastern Cross river group answered the call for help. They were known as the Akpa who were living at today Akwa Akpa before the arrival of the Efik people in that region. These warriors and traders, may have had European guns which were new to the territory. Being the Igbo allies, the Akpas were led by the royal Nnubi family. Osim and Akuma Nnubi led Akpa soldiers to help fight against the ruling household. Together with Igbo forces and rebels, they fought against the Ibom Kingdom forces (1690). During the final battles, Osim Nnubi was slain in Oror city state making it the capital of Arochukwu. The forces of the Ibom Kingdom later withdrew when they discovered that the Aro Confederacy had breached the principles of the ancient worriors code by using foreign weapons and hiring mercenaries. The Ibibio worriors had also heard that some of the mercenaries were men with Efik ancestry, and therefore withdrew because the Ibibio would not shed the blood of their Efik kinsmen. But at the end of the war, Osim and Akakpokpo were dead. In order to honor Osim's legacy, his brother Akuma was crowned the first EzeAro (king). After his death, Nnachi's descendants took the throne starting with his first son Oke Nnachi. The Arochukwu kingdom, was founded.
Aftermath
After Arochukwu was formed, it began to expand because of the growing population and territorial protection. Ibibio groups sporadically attacked Arochukwu shortly after its formation. Aro forces formed vigilante camps which eventually grew into communities on the Arochukwu-Ibibio boundaries.
See also
Arochukwu
Aro Confederacy
Akpa
Aro history
External links
http://www.aro-okigbo.com/history_of_the_aros.htm
http://www.aronetwork.org/others/arohistory.htmlhttp://www.aronewsonline.com/origincivilization.html
http://people.bu.edu/manfredi/Contours.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20110209213030/http://anny-nigeria.com/
https://books.google.com/books?id=tjLjoC6ScKYC&dq=aro+slave+trade+ohafia+ibibio&pg=PA26
References
Aros
Ibibio
Wars involving the Aro Confederacy
Wars involving Igboland
History of Nigeria
17th century in Nigeria
18th century in Nigeria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aro-Ibibio%20Wars |
The Atlantic City Diablos were an American soccer team based in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 2007, the team played in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), a national amateur league at the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2008, when the franchise folded and the team left the league.
The team played its home games in the athletic stadium at St. Augustine College Preparatory School in nearby Richland, New Jersey. The team's colors were blue, gold, and white.
The Diablos were owned by Team Dynamics LLC, a highly successful organization dedicated to soccer education and player development at all age levels. Team Dynamics LLC also maintained a team in the Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL), also called the Atlantic City Diablos.
History
Players
2008 roster
Year-by-year
Head coaches
Matt Driver (2007)
Greg Ruttler (2008)
Stadia
Stadium at St. Augustine College Preparatory School; Richland, New Jersey (2008)
Logos
External links
Team Dynamics
National Premier Soccer League teams
Soccer clubs in New Jersey
2007 establishments in New Jersey
2008 disestablishments in New Jersey
Sports in Atlantic City, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20City%20Diablos |
Geralyn Dawson (also known as Emily March) is a USA Today bestselling author of romance novels. She is a graduate of Texas A&M University, and has written thirty-five novels and contributed two novellas to anthologies, one of which was on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 1996 her novel The Wedding Raffle was named as one of the "Best Romances of 1996" by the Detroit Free Press. She has also been awarded the Romantic Times Magazine's career achievement award. She lives in Texas with her husband and three children.
Bibliography
As Geralyn Dawson
The Texan's Bride (1993)
Capture The Night (1993)
Tempting Morality (1995)
The Bad Luck Wedding Dress (1996)
The Wedding Raffle (1996)
The Wedding Ransom (1998)
The Bad Luck Wedding Cake (1998)
The Kissing Stars (1999)
Simmer All Night (1999)
Sizzle All Day (2000)
The Bad Luck Wedding Night (2001)
The Pink Magnolia Club (2002)
My Big Old Texas Heartache (2003)
My Long Tall Texas Heartthrob (2004)
Her Bodyguard (2005)
Her Scoundrel (2005)
Her Outlaw (2007)
Anthologies
Under The Boardwalk, Castaway (1999)
A Season In The Highlands, Cold Feet (2000)
As Emily March
Eternity Springs
Angel's Rest (2011)
Hummingbird Lake (2011)
Heartache Falls (2011)
Lover's Leap (2011)
Nightingale Way (2012)
Reflection Point (2013)
Miracle Road (2013)
Dreamweaver Trail (2014)
Teardrop Lane (2015)
Heartsong Cottage (2015)
Reunion Pass (2016)
Christmas in Eternity Springs (2016)
A Stardance Summer (2017)
The First Kiss of Spring (2018)
The Christmas Wishing Tree (2018)
Jackson: The McBrides of Texas (2019)
Tucker: The McBrides of Texas (2020)
Boone: The McBrides of Texas (2020)
References
Romance Author Geralyn Dawson
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American romantic fiction writers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Texas A&M University alumni
American women novelists
Women romantic fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geralyn%20Dawson |
Al Hilal Sports Club (), known as Al Hilal S.C or simply Al Hilal, is a Sudanese professional football club based in Omdurman that competes in the Sudan Premier League.
Name and history
The name Hilāl is the Arabic word for crescent – a name chosen on a night when the crescent of the moon was visible in Omdurman. Also it is the first club in the world to be named (AL- HILAL). The motto for Al-Hilal is Allah – AlWatan – Al-Hilal. It is translated to English as "God – The Nation – Al-Hilal".
Players
Out on loan
(on loan) Haidoub SC (Until June 2024)
(on loan) Al-Dahra FC (Until June 2024)
Honours
National titles
Sudan Premier League: 29 (Record)
Champion: 1965, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2020–21, 2021–22
Sudan Cup: 8
Champion: 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2009, 2011, 2016, 2021–22
African titles
CAF Champions League
Runner-up: (2) 1987, 1992
Arab titles
Arab Cup Winners' Cup
Runner-up: (1) 2002
References
External links
Official website
Hilal
Association football clubs established in 1930
Omdurman
1930 establishments in Sudan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hilal%20Club%20%28Omdurman%29 |
Tha Blue Herb is a Japanese alternative hip hop trio based in Sapporo, Hokkaido. They formed in 1997 and now consist of three members: Boss the MC a.k.a. Ill-Bosstino (MC), O.N.O. (producer, formerly live DJ until DJ Dye joined Tha Blue Herb in 1999) and DJ Dye (live DJ). They also run a record label called Tha Blue Herb Recordings.
James Hadfield of The Japan Times described Tha Blue Herb as "the Company Flow of Japanese hip-hop."
Beside releasing several albums and singles as the group, O.N.O. also released solo works, while Ill-Bosstino participated in Herbest Moon (with producer Wachall) and Japanese Synchro System (with producer Calm) and also worked with DJ Krush and Audio Active amongst others.
Discography
Albums
Stilling, Still Dreaming (1998)
Sell Our Soul (2002)
Life Story (2007)
Total (2012)
EPs
Underground vs. Amateur (2000)
Front Act (2002)
The Future Is in Our Hands (2003)
The Way Hope Goes (2005)
Phase 3 (2007)
Singles
"The Shock-Shine Revolt" (1998)
"The Ring of Wisdom / The Wind Blows from the North" (1998)
"Underground vs. Amateur" (1999)
"Times Are Changing" (2000)
"Trans-Sapporo Express" (2000)
"Annui Dub: Thank You Very Much My Friend" (2000)
"3 Days Jump" (2001)
"Front Act" (2002)
"The Future Is in Our Hands" (2003)
"Roads of The Underground" (2004)
"Chie no Dub / Pusher on the Street" (2005)
"My Work / My Faith" (2006)
"Phase 3" (2007)
"The Suburbs of Hip Hop / A Special Night" (2007)
"Straight Years" (2009)
Soundtracks
Heat: Original Soundtrack (2004) a soundtrack album for Heat
DVDs
Enbu (2007)
That's the Way Hope Goes (2007)
Straight Days (2009)
References
External links
Japanese hip hop groups
Japanese pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from Hokkaido | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tha%20Blue%20Herb |
This is a list of schools found in the various departments of Honduras.
San Pedro Sula, Cortés
Escuela Internacional Sampedrana
Western International School
Aurora Bilingual School
EuropaSchule
Santa María del Valle
Our Second Home
Holy Family Bilingual School
Seran Bilingual School
Escuela e Instituto Bilingue Valle de Sula.
La Ceiba, Atlántida
La Ceiba Bilingual School
Mazapán School
Saint Theresa Bilingual School
Palmeras Bilingual School
Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazán
Academia Los Pinares
Shadai School
American School of Tegucigalpa
Dowal School
Lycée Franco-Hondurien
La Estancia School
Elvel School
Macris School
Centro Escolar Antares
Centro Escolar Aldebarán
Nashville School Tegucigalpa
Summer Hill School
Skills World School
DelCampo International School
International School of Tegucigalpa
The Mayan School
Instituto Evangelico Francisco G. Penzotti
Instituto Evangélico Virginia Sapp
Columbus American School
Instituto Salesiano San Miguel
England School
Valle de Ángeles
Nashville School Valle de Angeles
Liquidambar School
Olancho
Centro Escolar Bilingue Santa Clara
Instituto Bilingue Santa Clara
See also
References
Honduras
Schools
Schools
Schools
Honduras | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20schools%20in%20Honduras |
As Schools Match Wits is a high school quiz show, hosted by Beth Ward, that airs on PBS member station WGBY in Springfield, Massachusetts, and which is produced in association with Westfield State University. As Schools Match Wits is well known throughout Western Massachusetts and northern Connecticut.
Gameplay
Two teams of four high school students compete in a trivia and academic knowledge competition. At the beginning of the show, there is a coin toss, and the winning team gets to make the first selection of a category and point value from the game board.
There are six categories, Arts & Entertainment, Literature, Math & Science, General Knowledge, Social Studies, and World Events. In each category, there are four questions, worth 30, 25, 20, and 15 points respectively.
After a team chooses a category and point value, it is asked a qualifying question on which the team may confer before offering an answer. If the team answers correctly, it is then asked several more questions, each of which has a point value; the team may again confer on each question before answering. In other words, the qualifying question is worth no points; points are scored by answering the questions that follow it. If a team misses the qualifying question, it is turned over to the opposing team. If the opposing team gives the correct answer, it has "capitalized" on the mistake and is then given a chance to answer the category's questions for the selected points. In general, the parts of the question that earn points are worth 5 or 10 points each, though on occasion, 30-point questions will have parts worth 15 points.
This round continues through several category-and-point-value selections, after which the first Lightning Round is played. The host asks as many questions in a specific category as possible in 90 seconds. Teams buzz in to answer, and may confer briefly. Correct answers are worth 5 points each; wrong answers cost 5 points.
Following the first Lightning Round, more regular game play takes place. Soon the final Lightning Round takes place; this is identical to the first except that each question is worth ±10 points. The final Lightning Round can be worth 200 points or more, depending on the pace of the round, and many games are decided by this final round.
Starting in the 2010-11 season, the game begins with a "Challenge Round," in which teams answer a series of toss-up questions worth 10 points each; this is followed with the first Lightning Round (5 points per question); the second half of the game is called the "Capitalization Round," which is played as above, and is followed by the second Lightning Round, with 5-point questions.
In the event of a tie at the end of the second Lightning Round, an overtime round consisting of another full-length Lightning Round begins immediately with a new category.
The show's participants are also interviewed over the course of game play; each student talks for 15 seconds or so, usually about activities in which he or she participates or interests he or she has.
Playoffs
The way to determine the playoff teams is summed up best in the slogan for the show: "It's all about the points!" Only the top eight highest-scoring teams at the end of the season advance to the playoffs. This is different from the original format, where a winning team would return on the next show and needed to win three times to reach the playoffs. The current method means that a team could win their match, yet still fail to make the playoffs if their score was not one of the highest. On the flip side, a losing team could potentially make the playoffs if their score was high enough, although this is highly unlikely. The playoff format itself works in a single elimination format. The winning team receives the "Collamore Cup," named for Leonard Collamore, creator of the show and writer of the program through the 1960s and 1970s.
History
As Schools Match Wits, which originally aired on WWLP in Springfield, Massachusetts, is a high school quiz competition that bills itself as "America's Longest Running High School Television Quiz Show Since 1961". (However, the DC-area It's Academic actually started 19 days earlier, on October 7 versus October 26 for As Schools Match Wits.) This high school quiz show includes schools from western Massachusetts and northern Connecticut. Its regular timeslot, from at least as far back as the early 1970s until its switch to WGBY, had been Saturdays at 7:30 p.m. However, it has aired at other times as well. This was especially true from the late 1990s until 2002, when the show would sometimes air on Sunday mornings because NBC's NBA basketball telecasts preempted its traditional timeslot.
Phil Shepardson, an English professor at Westfield State College, hosted the show from its start in October 1961 until June 1991. Shepardson died in June 2011 at the age of 76. John Baran (WWLP's station manager) took over that autumn when the show returned from its annual summer hiatus. Baran hosted from 1991 to 2006 and Chris Rohmann took over in January 2007 due to the show's switch to WGBY.
The show's creator, Leonard Collamore, was the head question writer for 22 years, from 1961 to 1983. He was followed by Phil Shepardson from 1983 until his retirement in 1991. Except for the 1997-1998 season, Dr. Todd Rovelli has been the question writer from 1991 to the present.
For many years, the show's theme music was Leroy Anderson's "Bugler's Holiday", performed by the Boston Pops under Arthur Fiedler's direction. (This information would occasionally appear in questions used on the show.) At least two different Boston Pops recordings were used on the air over the years: one dating from 1967, and another from 1969 that featured a guest performance by legendary trumpeter Al Hirt. The 1969 recording was dubbed off of a record owned by one of the station's engineers. In September 2000, "Bugler's Holiday" was replaced in favor of a generic-sounding, far less distinctive piece because of escalating music licensing fees. "Bugler's Holiday" returned as the show's theme in 2007, played against photos of random historical content and past episode clips. Ethan Lillie, an acclaimed concert pianist and jazz composer, composed an alternate version of the "Bugler's Holiday" theme, which was used in a November 2004 episode of ASMW to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of Lillie's induction into the jazz hall of fame.
The show was shot using the same light-blue-and-white set from 1982 until 2000, with trim and background changes added over the years. At one time, this set had also served as the anchor desk used on the air for WWLP's newscasts. The set used immediately prior to the light-blue-and-white set was orange, black and dark green in color.
Through most of the 1970s and 1980s, a localized version of this series also aired in Dayton, Ohio on WKEF, which was owned at the time by WWLP's original owner, William Putnam. The Dayton version featured several different hosts during its run, one of whom was future conservative talk show host Mike Gallagher.
Cancellation and revival
In September 2006, WWLP cancelled the program after 45 seasons, citing the cost of new FCC regulations requiring all U.S. over-the-air television programming to be closed-captioned for the deaf and hard of hearing. Shortly after the cancellation was announced, however, WWLP, WGBY and Westfield State College announced a solution to keep the program on the air. WWLP has licensed the program to Westfield State College, and it returned for a 46th season in January 2007 as a co-production of Westfield State College and WGBY. The program will continue to air on Saturday evenings, now on WGBY, and with "Bugler's Holiday" as the program's returned theme. It returned to the airwaves at 7:00 p.m. on January 20, 2007.
The new series began taping in early January 2007. As Schools Match Wits delivers all of the fun of the classic high school quiz-show and introduces a new generation of high-school students to one of the few public competitions that stresses knowledge over physical ability.
When the new season of As Schools Match Wits premiered, the show welcomed radio personality and writer Chris Rohmann as its new host. Following the 2007–08 season, Rohmann was replaced by Beth Ward as host.
Collaboration with WGBH
In 2010, As Schools Match Wits partnered with the new Boston WGBH-TV production, High School Quiz Show hosted by 1996 MIT graduate Dhaya Lakshminarayanan, to send their own qualifying teams from Western Massachusetts to also compete in WGBH-TV Boston's matches. One of the western Massachusetts schools sent, Longmeadow High School, went on to win the WGBH-TV High School Quiz Show Massachusetts state championship in June 2010, defeating The Bromfield School from Harvard, Massachusetts.
References
External links
As Schools Match Wits Home at WGBY.org
An interview with the original host shortly after the show's cancellation
Facts and history
Past champions
ASMW @ IMDb - Internet Movie Database
Student quiz television series
Education in Springfield, Massachusetts
1961 American television series debuts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%20Schools%20Match%20Wits |
Jessé Gomes da Silva Filho, known professionally as Zeca Pagodinho (, born February 4, 1959), is a Brazilian singer-songwriter working in the genres of samba and pagode.
Biography
Born in the neighborhood of Irajá, Rio de Janeiro, Zeca Pagodinho grew up around the most traditional manifestations of samba and started making his own verses while still a kid at GRES Portela samba School. In the '70s, Zeca started frequenting the Carnival Block of Cacique de Ramos, which took place in Rio de Janeiro every Wednesday and became a true pagode's crib (pagode is a type of samba). Son of Jessé da Silva and Irinéia da Silva, grandson paternal of Jessé Gomes da Silva and Milena da Silva, maternal of the president Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca and the president Mariana Cecília de Sousa Meirelles da Fonseca, his sister is Ircéia Pagodinho, his wife is Mônica Silva and his children are Eduardo, Elisa, Louis, and Maria Eduarda, his grandson is Noah, his granddaughter is Catarina, his daughter in law is Thalita, At one of these jams, samba singer Beth Carvalho was impressed with Zeca's skills and invited him to record the song Camarão Que Dorme a Onda Leva in 1983. From that point on, Zeca began to record his own albums. There are now 15 of them, and three DVDs.
His creative, joyful, malicious songs translate the day-by-day of the typical easy going carioca and are a big success in Brazil. He's one of the biggest-sellers in the country, He lives at neighborhood of Barra da Tijuca with his wife Mônica Silva and his children Eduardo, Elisa, Louis, and Maria Eduarda.
A song of his, "Deixa a Vida Me Levar" was featured in the game FIFA 2004.
In 2015, his album Ser Humano was nominated for the 16th Latin Grammy Awards in the Best Samba/Pagode Album category.
Discography
Mais Feliz (2019)
O Quintal do Pagodinho 3 (2016)
Ser Humano (2015)
Sambabook Zeca Pagodinho (2014)
Multishow Ao Vivo: 30 Anos - Vida Que Segue (2013)
O Quintal do Pagodinho (2012)
Ao Vivo com os Amigos (2011)
Vida da Minha Vida (2010)
Especial MTV – Uma Prova de Amor Ao Vivo (2009)
Uma prova de amor (2008)
Raridades (2007)
Acústico MTV – Zeca Pagodinho 2 – Gafieira (2006)
À Vera (2005)
Acústico MTV – Zeca Pagodinho (2003)
Deixa a vida me levar (2002)
O quintal do Pagodinho (2002)
Água da minha sede (2000)
Zeca Pagodinho ao vivo – DVD (2000)
Zeca Pagodinho ao vivo (1999)
Zeca Pagodinho (1998)
Hoje é dia de festa (1997)
Deixa clarear (1996)
Samba pras moças (1995)
Alô, mundo! (1993)
Um dos poetas do samba (1992)
Pixote (1991)
Mania da gente (1990)
Boêmio feliz (1989)
Jeito moleque (1988)
Patota de Cosme (1987)
Zeca Pagodinho (1986)
Awards
2003 – Troféu Imprensa de melhor cantor (Best singer)
2004 – Troféu Imprensa de melhor cantor (Best singer)
2005 – Troféu Imprensa de melhor cantor (Best singer)
2009: VMB – Video Music Brasil 2009 (Best Samba)
2009 – Prêmio da Música Brasileira (Best singer; Best Disco; Best song)
2008 – Prêmio BRA GA de música (Best singer)
References
External links
Video: Zeca performing songs from his first record
1959 births
Living people
20th-century Brazilian male singers
20th-century Brazilian singers
Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Samba musicians
Brazilian Candomblés
Latin Grammy Award winners
21st-century Brazilian male singers
21st-century Brazilian singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeca%20Pagodinho |
Organosilicon chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds containing carbon–silicon bonds, to which they are called organosilicon compounds. Most organosilicon compounds are similar to the ordinary organic compounds, being colourless, flammable, hydrophobic, and stable to air. Silicon carbide is an inorganic compound.
History
In 1863 Charles Friedel and James Crafts made the first organochlorosilane compound. The same year they also described a «polysilicic acid ether» in the preparation of ethyl- and methyl-o-silicic acid. Extensive research in the field of organosilicon compounds was pioneered in the beginning of 20th century by Frederic S. Kipping. He also had coined the term "silicone" (resembling ketones, this is errorneous though) in relation to these materials in 1904. In recognition of Kipping's achievements the Dow Chemical Company had established an award in 1960s that is given for significant contributions into the silicon chemistry. In his works Kipping was noted for using Grignard reagents to make alkylsilanes and arylsilanes and the preparation of silicone oligomers and polymers for the first time.
In 1945 Eugene G. Rochow also made a significant contribution into the organosilicon chemistry by first describing Müller-Rochow process.
Occurrence and applications
Organosilicon compounds are widely encountered in commercial products. Most common are antifoamers, caulks (sealant), adhesives, and coatings made from silicones. Other important uses include agricultural and plant control adjuvants commonly used in conjunction with herbicides and fungicides.
Biology and medicine
Carbon–silicon bonds are absent in biology, however enzymes have been used to artificially create carbon-silicon bonds in living microbes. Silicates, on the other hand, have known existence in diatoms. Silafluofen is an organosilicon compound that functions as a pyrethroid insecticide. Several organosilicon compounds have been investigated as pharmaceuticals.
Bonding
In the great majority of organosilicon compounds, Si is tetravalent with tetrahedral molecular geometry. Compared to carbon–carbon bonds, carbon–silicon bonds are longer and weaker. The C–Si bond is somewhat polarised towards carbon due to carbon's greater electronegativity (C 2.55 vs Si 1.90). The strength of the Si-O bond is strikingly high, and this feature is exploited in many reactions such as the Sakurai reaction, the Brook rearrangement, the Fleming–Tamao oxidation, and the Peterson olefination. Another manifestation is the β-silicon effect describes the stabilizing effect of a β-silicon atom on a carbocation with many implications for reactivity.
Preparation
The first organosilicon compound, tetraethylsilane, was prepared by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1863 by reaction of tetrachlorosilane with diethylzinc.
The bulk of organosilicon compounds derive from organosilicon chlorides . These chlorides are produced by the "Direct process", which entails the reaction of methyl chloride with a silicon-copper alloy. The main and most sought-after product is dimethyldichlorosilane:
2 + Si →
A variety of other products are obtained, including trimethylsilyl chloride and methyltrichlorosilane. About 1 million tons of organosilicon compounds are prepared annually by this route. The method can also be used for phenyl chlorosilanes.
Hydrosilylation
Another major method for the formation of Si-C bonds is hydrosilylation (also called hydrosilation). In this process, compounds with Si-H bonds (hydrosilanes) add to unsaturated substrates. Commercially, the main substrates are alkenes. Other unsaturated functional groups — alkynes, imines, ketones, and aldehydes — also participate, but these reactions are of little economic value.
Hydrosilylation requires metal catalysts, especially those based on platinum group metals.
In the related silylmetalation, a metal replaces the hydrogen atom.
Cleavage of Si-Si bonds
Hexamethyldisilane reacts with methyl lithium to give trimethylsilyl lithium:
Similarly, tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl lithium is derived from tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane:
Functional groups
Silicon is a component of many functional groups. Most of these are analogous to organic compounds. The overarching exception is the rarity of multiple bonds to silicon, as reflected in the double bond rule.
Silanols, siloxides, and siloxanes
Silanols are analogues of alcohols. They are generally prepared by hydrolysis of silyl chlorides:
+ → + HCl
Less frequently silanols are prepared by oxidation of silyl hydrides, a reaction that uses a metal catalyst:
2 + → 2
Many silanols have been isolated including and . They are about 500x more acidic than the corresponding alcohols. Siloxides are the deprotonated derivatives of silanols:
+ NaOH → +
Silanols tend to dehydrate to give siloxanes:
2 → +
Polymers with repeating siloxane linkages are called silicones. Compounds with an Si=O double bond called silanones are extremely unstable.
Silyl ethers
Silyl ethers have the connectivity Si-O-C. They are typically prepared by the reaction of alcohols with silyl chlorides:
+ ROH → + HCl
Silyl ethers are extensively used as protective groups for alcohols.
Exploiting the strength of the Si-F bond, fluoride sources such as tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) are used in deprotection of silyl ethers:
+ + → + H-O-R +
Silyl chlorides
Organosilyl chlorides are important commodity chemicals. They are mainly used to produce silicone polymers as described above. Especially important silyl chlorides are dimethyldichlorosilane (), methyltrichlorosilane (), and trimethylsilyl chloride () are all produced by direct process. More specialized derivatives that find commercial applications include dichloromethylphenylsilane, trichloro(chloromethyl)silane, trichloro(dichlorophenyl)silane, trichloroethylsilane, and phenyltrichlorosilane.
Although proportionately a minor outlet, organosilicon compounds are widely used in organic synthesis. Notably trimethylsilyl chloride is the main silylating agent. One classic method called the Flood reaction for the synthesis of this compound class is by heating hexaalkyldisiloxanes with concentrated sulfuric acid and a sodium halide.
Silyl hydrides
The silicon to hydrogen bond is longer than the C–H bond (148 compared to 105 pm) and weaker (299 compared to 338 kJ/mol). Hydrogen is more electronegative than silicon hence the naming convention of silyl hydrides. Commonly the presence of the hydride is not mentioned in the name of the compound. Triethylsilane has the formula . Phenylsilane is . The parent compound is called silane.
Silenes
Organosilicon compounds, unlike their carbon counterparts, do not have a rich double bond chemistry. Compounds with silene Si=C bonds (also known as alkylidenesilanes) are laboratory curiosities such as the silicon benzene analogue silabenzene. In 1967, Gusel'nikov and Flowers provided the first evidence for silenes from pyrolysis of dimethylsilacyclobutane. The first stable (kinetically shielded) silene was reported in 1981 by Brook.
Disilenes have Si=Si double bonds and disilynes are silicon analogues of an alkyne. The first Silyne (with a silicon to carbon triple bond) was reported in 2010.
Siloles
Siloles, also called silacyclopentadienes, are members of a larger class of compounds called metalloles. They are the silicon analogs of cyclopentadienes and are of current academic interest due to their electroluminescence and other electronic properties. Siloles are efficient in electron transport. They owe their low lying LUMO to a favorable interaction between the antibonding sigma silicon orbital with an antibonding pi orbital of the butadiene fragment.
Pentacoordinated silicon
Unlike carbon, silicon compounds can be coordinated to five atoms as well in a group of compounds ranging from so-called silatranes, such as phenylsilatrane, to a uniquely stable pentaorganosilicate:
The stability of hypervalent silicon is the basis of the Hiyama coupling, a coupling reaction used in certain specialized organic synthetic applications. The reaction begins with the activation of Si-C bond by fluoride:
+ R"-X + → R-R" + +
Various reactions
Certain allyl silanes can be prepared from allylic esters such as 1 and monosilylcopper compounds, which are formed in situ by the reaction of the disilylzinc compound 2, with Copper Iodide, in:
In this reaction type, silicon polarity is reversed in a chemical bond with zinc and a formal allylic substitution on the benzoyloxy group takes place.
Environmental effects
Organosilicon compounds affect bee (and other insect) immune expression, making them more susceptible to viral infection.
See also
Compounds of carbon with period 3 elements: organoaluminum compounds, organophosphorus compounds, organosulfur compounds
Compounds of carbon with other group 14 elements: organogermanium compounds, organotin compounds, organolead compounds
Silylenes, the carbene counterparts
Silylenoids, the carbenoid counterparts
Decamethylsilicocene
References
External links
Magnus Walter's Selected Aspects of Organosilicon Chemistry
Silicon in organic synthesis
S. Marsden (Editor): Contemporary organosilicon chemistry. Thematic Series in the Open Access Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosilicon%20chemistry |
Kendall Newcomb Houk is a Distinguished Research Professor in Organic Chemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research group studies organic, organometallic, and biological reactions using the tools of computational chemistry. This work involves quantum mechanical calculations, often with density functional theory, and molecular dynamics, either quantum dynamics for small systems or force fields such as AMBER, for solution and protein simulations.
Early life and education
K. N. Houk was born in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1943. He received his A.B. (1964), M.S. (1966), and Ph.D. (1968) degrees at Harvard, working with R. A. Olofson as an undergraduate and R. B. Woodward as a graduate student in the area of experimental tests of orbital symmetry selection rules. In 1968, he joined the faculty at Louisiana State University, becoming Professor in 1976.
In 1980, he moved to the University of Pittsburgh, and in 1986, he moved to UCLA. From 1988 to 1990, he was Director of the Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation. He was Chairman of the UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry from 1991 to 1994.
Awards and achievements
Houk received the Akron American Chemical Society (ACS) Section Award in 1984. He was awarded the Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award of the ACS in 1988, the James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry of the ACS in 1991, the Schrödinger Medal of the World Association of Theoretically Oriented Chemists (WATOC) in 1998, the Tolman Medal of the Southern California Section of the ACS in 1998, the ACS Award for Computers in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2003, the Arthur C. Cope Award of the ACS in 2010, the Robert Robinson Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2012, and UCLA's Glenn T. Seaborg Award in 2013. He received the 2021 Roger Adams Award of the ACS, the highest award in organic chemistry by the ACS, and the 2021 Foresight Institute Feynman Prize for Theory in Nanotechnology. He and his collaborators won the Royal Society of Chemistry 2021 Horizon Prize for the discovery of pericyclases.
His achievements have been recognized by a variety of U.S. and international fellowships. He was a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher Scholar, a Fellow of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the von Humboldt Foundation U.S. Senior Scientist in 1981, an Erskine Fellow in New Zealand in 1993, the Lady Davis Fellow at the Technion in Haifa, Israel in 2000, and a JSPS Fellow in Japan in 2001. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2002 and the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Sciences in 2003. He is a Fellow of the AAAS, the ACS, the WATOC, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. He was the Saul Winstein Chair in Organic Chemistry at UCLA from 2009 to 2021 and is now a Distinguished Research Professor. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2010. He was also elected a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2021.
Houk received the L.S.U. Distinguished Research Master Award in 1968, was named the Faculty Research Lecturer at UCLA for 1998, received the Bruylants Chair from the University of Louvain-la-Neuve in Belgium in 1998, and was awarded an honorary doctorate (Dr. rer. nat. h. c.) from the University of Essen in Germany in 1999. He is an Honorary Professor at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
He is a 2002-2012 ISI Highly Cited Researcher.
Service
Houk has served on the Advisory Boards of the Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation, the ACS Petroleum Research Fund, and a variety of journals, including Accounts of Chemical Research, the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the Journal of Organic Chemistry, Chemical and Engineering News, the Journal of Computational Chemistry, the Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, Chemistry - A European Journal, Topics in Current Chemistry, the Chinese Journal of Chemistry, and the Israel Journal of Chemistry. From 2018 to 2021, he was the North American Co-chair of Chemistry – A European Journal.
He has been a member of the NIH Medicinal Chemistry Study Section and the NRC Board of Chemical Sciences and Technology. He was Chair of the Chemistry Section of the AAAS in 2000-2003 and served as Chair of the NIH Synthesis and Biological Chemistry-A Study Section in 2008.
He co-chaired the NIH-DOE-NSF Workshop on Building Strong Academic Chemistry Departments Through Gender Equity in 2006. He was a Senior Editor of Accounts of Chemical Research from 2005 to 2015.
He was Director of the UCLA Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Program, an NIH-supported training grant from 2002 to 2012 and is a member of the UCLA Molecular Biology Institute and the California NanoSystems Institute.
References
External links
Professor Houk's Website
His International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science page
ISI Author Profile
A Video interview of Professor Houk
1943 births
21st-century American chemists
Living people
Louisiana State University faculty
University of Pittsburgh faculty
Members of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
Harvard University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Theoretical chemists
Schrödinger Medal recipients
Computational chemists
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendall%20Houk |
The Eagle Bluff Light, also known as Eagle Bluff lighthouse, or simply Eagle Bluff, is a lighthouse located near Ephraim in Peninsula State Park in Door County, Wisconsin. Construction was authorized in 1866, but the lighthouse was not actually built until 1868 at a cost of $12,000. It was automated in 1926. Restoration work began on the Eagle Bluff Light in 1960 and was completed in 1963, upon completion the Lighthouse was opened for tours. The lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
Geography
Located in what is modern-day Peninsula State Park. Situated on a 76-foot bluff that overlooks the Strawberry Channel, Eagle Bluff's mission is to illuminate the islands located in the middle of the strawberry channel. This mission is what gives Eagle Bluff its nickname "The Guardian of the Strawberry Channel".
Much of Door County is located on the Niagara Escarpment. The escarpment makes it very hard to dig into the soil of Door County and for this reason it is very unusual to have a basement in Door County. Eagle Bluff has two basements. One under the tower and one under the keeper's residence.
Door County Historical Society
The Door County Historical Society, also known as DCHS, has maintained the Eagle Bluff Light from 1960 to the present day. DCHS was responsible for the restoration of Eagle Bluff. These restorations were led by a woman known as Ida Bay. Currently DCHS is raising money to reconstruct the barn, and the summer kitchen that were originally located on the property. To this day DCHS runs tours through the keeper's residence and the tower of Eagle Bluff.
Keepers
There were three keepers who maintained the Eagle Bluff Light: Henry Stanley, William Duclon, and Peter Coughlin.
Henry Stanley (1868–1883)
William Duclon (1883–1918)
The longest serving keeper in Eagle Bluff's history, William Duclon and his wife Julia Duclon (née Davenport) raised their seven sons in this lighthouse. Eagle Bluff has been restored to the time period of the Duclons, some of their original possessions can be seen on display in the home today.
The youngest son of William and Julia, Walter Duclon, helped with the restorations of Eagle Bluff. He provided personal stories, artifacts, and family documents to help aid in the creation of the museum that is now housed in the keeper's residence.
Peter Coughlin (1918–1926)
Gallery
Further reading
Havighurst, Walter (1943) The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, Macmillan Publishers.
Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) .
Sapulski, Wayne S., (2001) Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present (Paperback) (Fowlerville: Wilderness Adventure Books) ; .
Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) .
References
External links
Eagle Bluff Lighthouse Museum - official website
Door County Lighthouses, Door County Marine Museum.
Eagle Bluff Light entry in Seeing the Light (Archived May 9, 2021)
Lighthouse friends article
NPS Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Wisconsin (Archived June 12, 2012)
Lighthouses completed in 1868
Lighthouses in Door County, Wisconsin
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Museums in Door County, Wisconsin
Lighthouse museums in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Door County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Bluff%20Light |
Neston railway station serves the town of Neston, Cheshire, England. It is the southernmost station on the English part of the Borderlands Line before it reaches Wales. The station is 8¾ miles (14 km) south of Bidston.
History
There was once a substantial station building on the Bidston bound platform. This fell into disrepair in the late 1990s though, and was finally demolished when the station was modernised for Disability Discrimination Act compliancy in 2003.
Future
Long standing plans to electrify the Borderlands Line have been put on hold due to the prohibitive cost of installing third rail electrification. This has led Merseytravel to look at other options for the line, including the possibility of overhead lines.
Facilities
The station is unstaffed and only 'bus shelter' type structures offer passengers any protection from the elements. Bus interchange is available from the stop on Ladies Walk adjacent the Bidston bound platform. This is also from where rail replacement services leave. The station has a small car park next to the Wrexham bound platform and a larger car park on the opposite side of the line, both owned and operated by the local council.
Services
The station is served by an hourly service on weekdays (two-hourly in the evening and on bank holidays) southbound to Wrexham Central and northbound to Bidston for connections to Liverpool via the Wirral Line. Services are provided by Transport for Wales' fleet of Class 150 diesel multiple units.
On Sundays there are departures approximately every 90 minutes in each direction.
References
Bibliography
External links
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Great Central Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1896
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
Neston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neston%20railway%20station |
Kenneth Earl Davis (born April 16, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the TCU Horned Frogs and was selected in the second round of the 1986 NFL Draft. He played in the NFL for the Green Bay Packers (1986–1988) and the Buffalo Bills (1989–1994).
College career
Before his NFL career, Davis played for Texas Christian University from 1982–1985. As a junior, he rushed for 1,611 yards (#3 in the NCAA) and 16 touchdowns, earning him a first-team selection on the College Football All-America Team. He also had the 5th most votes of all candidates for the Heisman Trophy that year. His 1,611 rushing yards were a school record, and remained so until LaDainian Tomlinson rushed for 1,850 yards in 1999.
He missed all but the first game of his senior season when he was suspended (along with six teammates) after confessing he received cash payments from boosters, but he finished his college career with an impressive 2,904 yards and 24 touchdowns. He left TCU second in school history in rushing yards and rushing touchdowns.
NFL career
Considered a potential first-round draft pick in the 1986 NFL Draft by Mel Kiper and Gil Brandt, Davis decided to join the NFL one year early after his suspension from TCU. However, he was denied as he had already played one game that year; under the "Red Grange Rule", players are not allowed to play college and NFL football in the same year. In an attempt to force the NFL to allow a special supplemental draft, Davis and agent Michael Trope prepared to sue the league for $13 million; Trope pointed to Florida State running back Roosevelt Snipes, who was kicked off the FSU roster before the 1985 season and was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the supplemental draft, as an exception to the rule.
NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle rejected Davis again and the league filed a counter-suit to ensure the Grange Rule was legal. Davis accepted the ruling and tried to drop the case, but attorney Steven Knowles filed the suit anyway, unaware of Davis' decision. After the matter was cleared, Davis waited until 1986 to enter the league, and he was selected by the Packers in the second round of the 1986 NFL Draft.
As a rookie, he was the team's leading rusher with 519 yards, returned 12 kickoffs for 231 yards, and caught 21 passes for 142 yards. In 1987, he was their leading rusher again, although he only rushed for 413 yards. Davis played only 9 games with the Packers in 1988 due to injuries, and signed with the Bills after the season ended.
With the Bills, Davis proved to be a superb complement to star running back Thurman Thomas, and a great asset to the team overall. In 1990, he rushed for 302 yards on just 64 carries (a 4.7 yards per carry average), caught 9 passes for 78 yards, and scored 5 touchdowns, assisting his team to Super Bowl XXV, where they lost to the New York Giants. In the game, Davis rushed for 4 yards and caught 2 passes for 23 yards. The following season, he rushed for 624 yards, caught 20 passes for 118 yards, returned 4 kickoffs for 73 yards, and assisted Buffalo to their second consecutive Super Bowl appearance. They lost Super Bowl XXVI to the Washington Redskins 37–24, but Davis had a good performance, leading the team with 17 rushing yards and catching 4 passes for 38 yards. He would get the start in that game, because star running back Thurman Thomas could not find his helmet.
In 1992, Davis had the best season of his career. He rushed for 613 yards, caught 15 passes for 80 yards, returned 14 kickoffs for 251 yards, and scored a career-high 6 touchdowns. But he is best remembered for his superb performance in the post season. In Buffalo's wild card game against the Houston Oilers, Thomas was knocked out of the game early with a hip injury, and Houston built up a 28–3 first half lead. Then, they increased it to 35–3 early in the third quarter when backup quarterback Frank Reich's pass was intercepted and returned for a touchdown. But in what became known as The Comeback, Buffalo stormed back and won the game 41–38 in overtime; the rally from the 32-point deficit was the largest comeback in NFL history. Davis was instrumental in the Bills victory, rushing for 68 yards, catching 2 passes for 25 yards, and scoring the first touchdown of the game for Buffalo. One week later, the Bills traveled on the road to face the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Divisional Playoffs, with Thomas back but playing hurt, Davis did a superb job carrying the offense, rushing for 104 yards and a touchdown on just 10 carries in the Bills 24–3 win. Then the Bills advanced to their 3rd consecutive Super Bowl by defeating the Miami Dolphins 29–10 in the AFC title game. Thomas had recovered enough to regain his spot on the starting lineup, but Davis was still a major factor in Buffalo's victory. He rushed for 61 yards and a touchdown while also catching 4 passes for 52 yards. The Bills lost Super Bowl XXVII 52–17, but Davis had a great game. He was the Bills leading rusher with 86 yards, while also catching 3 passes for 16 yards and returning a kickoff for 21 yards.
Davis was major contributor for Buffalo for the 1993 season as the team advanced to their 4th consecutive Super Bowl. He rushed for 391 yards, caught 21 passes for 95 yards, and gained 100 yards on kickoff returns. After his team lost Super Bowl XXVIII to the Dallas Cowboys 30–13, he spent one more season with Buffalo and then retired in 1995.
Davis finished his 9 NFL seasons with 823 carries for 3,513 rushing yards (4.3 yards per carry), 135 receptions for 878 yards, 42 kickoff returns for 707 yards, and 32 touchdowns (27 rushing and 5 receiving). He now is the Athletic Director and former head football coach at Bishop Dunne Catholic School in Dallas, Texas.
References
External links
Davis' stats at pro-football-reference.com
Davis's stats at databasefootball.com
1962 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football running backs
Buffalo Bills players
Green Bay Packers players
NCAA sanctions
TCU Horned Frogs football players
Players of American football from Temple, Texas
Temple High School (Texas) alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Davis%20%28American%20football%29 |
Cardinal Manning may refer to
Henry Edward Manning (1808–1892), English cardinal and Archbishop of Westminster
Timothy Manning (1909–1989), American cardinal and Archbishop of Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal%20Manning |
This is an incomplete list of trade magazines (or trade journals) which are notable.
Advertising
Advertising Age
Ad Week
Aerospace industry
Aviation Week & Space Technology
SpaceNews
Amusement industry
Amusement Today
Funworld Magazine
Arts and cultural industries
TradeArt
Computer industry
see: List of computer magazines
Construction industry
Cranes Today
Consumer electronics
Popular Mechanics
Twice
Electronics
EDN
EE Times
Electronic News
Fashion industry
Women's Wear Daily
Film industry
American Cinematographer
BackStage
Boxoffice Magazine
CinemaEditor
Creative COW
Film International
Filmmaker
fps magazine
Film Comment
Film Daily
Film Quarterly
Harrison's Reports
The Hollywood Reporter
indieWire
MovieMaker
Playback
Variety
Financial services industry
Citywire
Financial Adviser
Global Banking And Finance Review
Investment Adviser
Investment Week
Money Management
Money Marketing
Professional Pensions
Floor Covering
FloorDaily
Floor Focus
Food and drink
Australian Dairy Foods
Food Engineering
Restaurant Magazine
Fresh produce
Eurofruit
Gaming industry
Coinslot
Game Industry Report Magazine
Law
Law Practice Magazine
Legal Week
Media
Campaign
MediaWeek
New Media Age
Revolution
Manufacturing trades
Advanced Manufacturing
Pulp and Paper
Surplus Record Machinery & Equipment Directory
Music industry
Billboard
CashBox Magazine
Music Week
Radio & Records
Packaging
Packaging Digest
Packaging Machinery Technology
Packaging World
Publishing and book trade
Booklist
The Bookseller
The Hard Copy Observer
Library Journal
Publishers Weekly
School Library Journal
Retailing
Private Label
Technical trades
BioTechniques
Genetic Engineering News
Imaging Technology News
U.S. Politics
Congressional Quarterly
The Hill (newspaper)
National Journal
Roll Call
See also
List of academic journals
Reed Business Information, containing a partial list of business and trade magazines from this publisher | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20trade%20magazines |
Charles Kassler Jr (September 9, 1897, Denver, Colorado — April 3, 1979, San Diego, California) was a painter, printmaker, and lithographer.
Early life
He lost a hand during a high school chemistry experiment. He studied art and architecture at Princeton University and the Chicago Art Institute.
Career
From 1925 to 1932 Kassler continued his studies while living at various times in New Mexico, Europe, and North Africa. While in France, he apprenticed himself to a well-known fresco painter. After moving to Los Angeles in 1933, he painted the two largest frescoes done under the WPA. The Bison Hunt for the Central Library in Downtown Los Angeles was destroyed by weather damage. Luisa Espinel was a model for the mural Pastoral California at the Plummer Auditorium in Fullerton, in Orange County, California. She became his second wife in 1935. The Pastoral California mural was painted over in 1938 by the school district, just four years after Kassler completed it. It was restored in 1997 after spending almost 60 years hidden from view. Kassler was also commissioned by the WPA to paint eight fresco lunette murals for the Beverly Hills, California post office funded by the Treasury Section of Fine Arts. The murals depict the history of the Pony Express, postal service, and the daily life of the common American family. The post office is now home to the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts. After creating murals for the WPA, Kassler taught at Chouinard Art Institute and later worked as a designer in the aerospace industry.
References
20th-century American painters
American male painters
American art educators
American designers
Princeton University alumni
1897 births
1979 deaths
American lithographers
Artists from Denver
American muralists
Painters from Colorado
Painters from Los Angeles
Section of Painting and Sculpture artists
Treasury Relief Art Project artists
20th-century American printmakers
20th-century American male artists
20th-century lithographers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Kassler |
Drumry railway station serves the Drumry and Linnvale area of Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The railway station is managed by ScotRail and is served by trains on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Line.
Drumry station was opened in 1953 to serve two of the new housing schemes that were built post World War II on the northern edges of the Burgh of Clydebank. To the north of the line is the area known as South Drumry and to the south of the line is the area of Linnvale which is bounded by the Great Western Road to the east, the railway line to the north and the Forth and Clyde Canal to the south.
Facilities
The station has car parking facilities, and has ten cycle stands available. It is staffed from Monday to Saturday.
Work to replace the platform surfaces will start in January 2022, and is expected to continue until June.
Services
There is a basic 15-minute service frequency in each direction throughout the day (Mon-Sat), provided by North Clyde Line and Argyle Line services. The to via Queen Street call, along with Argyle Line trains between and Central Low Level. These originate at or northbound but run to via southbound. On Sundays, there is a half-hourly service each way, provide by the Edinburgh to trains.
References
Sources
Railway stations in West Dunbartonshire
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1953
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Clydebank | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumry%20railway%20station |
Hillfoot railway station is a railway station in Bearsden, East Dunbartonshire near Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is served by their trains on the Argyle and North Clyde Lines. It is sited between Milngavie and Bearsden, from Glasgow Queen Street, measured via Maryhill.
History
It was opened on 1 May 1900, after the Milngavie branch was double tracked.
Facilities
The station has a small car park but no ticket office or ticket machine. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train. Both platforms have shelters, help points and benches, and there are bike racks adjacent to platform 1. Both platforms have step-free entrances, but the footbridge only has steps.
Passenger volume
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.
Services
On weekdays and Saturdays, trains run every 30 minutes northbound to Milngavie, and southbound to Springburn, via Glasgow Queen Street (low level). In the evenings and on Sundays, trains run southbound to Motherwell, via Hamilton Central, at the same twice-hourly frequency.
Cultural references
The station is used in the BBC comedy series Burnistoun.
References
External links
Video footage of Hillfoot Station on YouTube
Railway stations in East Dunbartonshire
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1900
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillfoot%20railway%20station |
Drumchapel railway station serves the Drumchapel, Blairdardie and Old Drumchapel areas of Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is served by trains on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Line.
The station is situated on Garscadden Road. It has a car park facility as well as a bus terminus.
Facilities
The station has a small car park with an assortment of spaces (including a car parking block) and a staffed ticket office with usual operating hours. There is also a bus stop for the number 3 (formerly along with the number 16) operated by First Glasgow with services to Govan.
Services
On Mondays-Saturdays, trains between & stop each way every 30 minutes. In addition to these North Clyde Line services, there are two Argyle Line trains per hour between and (Low Level) – these come from or northbound but run southbound to . Sundays see a half-hourly service to Edinburgh via Airdrie and to .
The station is situated on the suburban Glasgow portion of the West Highland Line. However, none of these services stop here.
References
Sources
Railway stations in Glasgow
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1890
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Drumchapel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumchapel%20railway%20station |
Bearsden railway station serves Bearsden, East Dunbartonshire near Glasgow, Scotland. The railway station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Lines. It is located between Westerton and Hillfoot on the line to Milngavie, and is from Glasgow Queen Street, measured via Maryhill.
History
The station opened along with the line to Milngavie on 20 April 1863.
The naming is unusual in that the current title of the town (which was originally New Kilpatrick) was taken from the station name, rather than the town giving its name to the station.
Facilities
The station is well equipped, with a ticket office and ticket machine on platform 1, and shelters, benches and help points on both platforms. There is a pub and a car park and bike racks adjacent to platform 1. All of the station has step-free access, but the footbridge only has steps, so passengers needing access to platform 2 must use the ramp from Drymen Road.
Passenger volume
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.
Services
On weekdays and Saturdays, trains run every 30 minutes northbound to Milngavie, and southbound to Springburn, via Glasgow Queen Street (low level). In the evenings and on Sundays, trains run southbound to Motherwell, via Hamilton Central, at the same twice-hourly frequency.
References
Bibliography
External links
Video footage of Bearsden Station
Railway stations in East Dunbartonshire
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Bearsden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearsden%20railway%20station |
Wishaw railway station is a railway station in Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Wishaw Deviation Line just south of the single track link line which connects to the West Coast Main Line at .
History
The station opened on 1 June 1880, along with the line from Law Junction to . It was previously known as Wishaw Central until the closure of the town's station nearby on the WCML in 1958, which was known as "Wishaw South".
Services
Historical
Up until the electrification of the West Coast Main Line through to in 1974, Wishaw was served by a Monday to Saturday hourly diesel service from to Glasgow Central High Level, alternating between services via Holytown/Hamilton and Bellshill.
1974 to 1979
An hourly electric service was provided between Glasgow Central High Level, running non-stop to Motherwell, as Shieldmuir station did not open until 1987.
1979 to 2001
From 1979 until 2001 an hourly electric service was provided Monday to Saturday between Lanark and running via Motherwell and Bellshill. The service was initially non-stop to Motherwell, however in 1987 a new intermediate station was opened at Shieldmuir.
An hourly Sunday service was introduced in 1997.
From 2001
The station is currently served by a mixture of units and refurbished units.
Since 2001, the following ScotRail service pattern has been in place -:
Monday to Saturday
Daytime
1tph - Lanark to Dalmuir, via Bellshill, Glasgow Central and Yoker
1tph - Lanark to Milngavie, via Hamilton and Glasgow Central
Evening
1tph - Lanark to Partick, via Bellshill and Glasgow Central
1tph - Lanark to , via Hamilton and Glasgow Central
Saturdays excepted, there are also several peak-hour limited stop services, towards Glasgow in the morning, and towards Lanark in the evening. The Glasgow bound limited stop services are well used, and normally full on departure from Wishaw.
Sunday
1tph - Lanark to Milngavie, via Bellshill and Glasgow Central
Other services
The station has some other sporadic passenger services such as two trains a day to and two to via . Since the December 2013 timetable change, the station has also been served by a regular Glasgow Central - Carstairs - Edinburgh semi-fast service in each direction, giving a through journey time of 48-50 minutes to Edinburgh.
From December 2014
A recast of the Argyle Line timetable in the wake of the Whifflet Line electrification has seen some significant changes to the service pattern. All services to Motherwell & Glasgow Central now run via Shieldmuir & Bellshill (every half-hour) rather than alternating via this route and Holytown & Hamilton and they also now terminate at Central High Level rather than running through to Partick and beyond via Rutherglen & Central Low Level (passengers now must change at for these destinations). The only exception is a single weekday train from to Garscadden in the morning peak, which returns from to Carstairs in the evening & uses the route via Holytown.
The two-hourly semi-fast service between Glasgow Central & Edinburgh still calls all day (except on Sundays) and now is extended through to/from .
The line is heavily used for freight services also, with several Freightliner container trains a day from the nearby Coatbridge terminal to destinations in the south of England such as Felixstowe and Southampton. It is also used by services to the Mossend freight terminal as well as those travelling from the West Coast Main Line to the Highlands.
The line through Wishaw station is heavily used during engineering work on the adjacent West Coast Main Line (less than 1 km to the west of the station) which brings a wide variety of rolling stock to the line.
Facilities
The station has a small (25 spaces) car park and ticket office staffed from Monday to Saturday.
See also
List of places in North Lanarkshire
List of places in Scotland
References
Notes
Sources
RAILSCOT on Wishaw Deviation Line
Wishaw
Railway stations in North Lanarkshire
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1880
Railway stations served by ScotRail
SPT railway stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishaw%20railway%20station |
Carluke railway station is a railway station on the West Coast Main Line (WCML) that serves the town of Carluke, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is predominantly served by Argyle Line commuter trains running between Lanark and Glasgow Central.
The station lies at the western edge of the town, and enjoys panoramic views of the Clyde Valley and beyond to the hills of Lanarkshire and Ayrshire.
History
The first station to be named Carluke was a separate station near Bogside Farm. This station was opened as Carluke and Lanark on 8 May 1843 by the Wishaw and Coltness Railway. It had several sidings and a line that served Coltness Iron Works. The station's name was changed to Stirling Road in 1848. It closed in 1853. The current station opened as part of the Caledonian Railway Main Line extension from Beattock on 15 February 1848. It was rebuilt by the Caledonian Railway around the start of the 20th century,. It passed to the control of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) upon its formation on 1 January 1923 under the terms of the Railways Act 1921 until the nationalisation of the "Big Four" on 1 January 1948 and the resultant creation of British Railways. Thereafter, control of the station, in common with all of those on the WCML north of Gretna, became the responsibility of BR's Scottish Region until the formation of the Greater Glasgow Passenger Transport Executive (GGPTE) on 1 June 1973. Under the terms of the Transport Act 1968, the specification of timetables, fares and quality standards for all rail services within the erstwhile Strathclyde region became the responsibility of the PTE, with trains and stations receiving their distinctive corporate colour scheme from 1985. However, in November 2005, these powers were transferred to the Scottish Executive and were subsequently passed to Transport Scotland upon its creation on 1 January 2006. Consequently, both the station and the rail services which call thereat are today operated by ScotRail.
Facilities
The station currently has two platforms connected by a stairway footbridge. Step-free access is available to both platforms, and a ramp is available for wheelchair users wishing to board or alight at the station. However, prior notice is required to ensure staff are on hand to assist.
The station building is located on Platform 2 and has level access from both the station car park and the platform itself. Inside is found a small heated waiting area and a ticket office which is staffed part-time (Monday-Friday 06:30-13:44, Saturday 06:20-13:44). There is also a self-service ticket machine located on Platform 1. Customer Help Points fitted with an induction loop are located on both platforms, and there are numerous CCTV cameras covering all areas of the station; cameras and Help Points are linked to the Strathclyde Customer Services Centre in Paisley, which is staffed 24-hours a day. Both platforms are also fitted with a public address system and LCD customer information screens.
The station's own car park is limited to 25 spaces. However, with passenger numbers showing sustained growth since privatisation, plans for an extensive Park and Ride facility on a 1.9 hectare greenfield site next to Platform 1 were finalised in September 2009. Opened on 18 May 2010, this £2 million facility provided an additional 229 vehicle spaces (including 6 for Blue Badge holders), a drop-off area and shelter, new lighting, an improved road surface and improved traffic management along Station Road to its intersection with the A73. Additionally, the station's CCTV network was extended with the provision of several new cameras to cover the new facilities, and improved signage was erected on both the A73 and the A721. Funding for the work came from South Lanarkshire Council and SPT, with both parties contributing £1 million towards the cost of the project.
Services
Historically
For many years under BR, Carluke was served by an hourly service from Lanark to Glasgow Central (High Level) (Sundays excepted), operating alternately via Wishaw, Holytown, Motherwell and Hamilton Central or by the more direct route via Wishaw, Motherwell, Bellshill and Uddingston.
In the 1960s, these services were typically provided by Metro Cammell DMUs, but the electrification of the WCML between Weaver Junction and Glasgow Central in the 1970s allowed for their replacement with Pressed Steel Class 303 EMUs in May 1974. An hourly electric train service was then provided between Lanark and Glasgow Central (High Level) on the route via Bellshill until the opening of the Argyle Line between Rutherglen and Partick and the introduction of the brand new BREL Class 314 EMUs in November 1979. This afforded the opportunity to route services through central Glasgow to destinations north of the River Clyde, and thus initially an hourly service operated from Lanark to Milngavie from Monday to Saturday which ran limited stop between Motherwell and Glasgow. However, the intermediate calls via Bellshill were soon reinstated, and with the exception of the introduction of several additional weekday peak expresses, this pattern persisted with few alterations until the introduction of a seven-day service in 1997.
In 2003, Monday to Saturday services were supplemented with a second train per hour. This saw the existing services diverted to Dalmuir, and the new service travelling to Milngavie, via Holytown, Hamilton Central and Glasgow Central.
The arrival of the Alstom Class 334 Juniper EMUs to the SPT fleet in 2002 allowed the last of the elderly Class 303s to be withdrawn and the Class 314s to be cascaded to services on the Cathcart Circle and Inverclyde Lines. For a number of years, Argyle Line services were consequently operated by a combination of Class 334s and BREL Class 318s displaced from services on the Ayrshire Coast Line. However, the Class 334s have mostly been transferred from December 2010 to operate services on the Airdrie–Bathgate rail link, with only occasional services being rostered for these units.
The station had some other sporadic passenger services such as two trains a day to/from and two to/from via .
2013-14
Monday to Saturday
Daytime
1tph - Lanark to Dalmuir, via Bellshill, Glasgow Central and Yoker
1tph - Lanark to Milngavie, via Hamilton and Glasgow Central
Evening
1tph - Lanark to Partick, via Bellshill and Glasgow Central
1tph - Lanark to , via Hamilton and Glasgow Central
All Day
6tpd - North Berwick/Newcraighall/Edinburgh to Motherwell/Glasgow Central/Ayr
Saturdays Excepted, there are also several peak-hour limited stop services, towards Glasgow in the morning, and towards Lanark in the evening. These limited stop services normally only call at Wishaw, and Motherwell before running non-stop to Glasgow
Sunday
1tph - Lanark - Milngavie, via Bellshill and Glasgow Central
As part of the £1billion Edinburgh - Glasgow Improvement Project, the Scottish Government intended to introduce an hourly semi-fast service between Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley via Carstairs from December 2013. These proposals would effectively operate as an extension of the existing service from Edinburgh Waverley to North Berwick, with services making intermediate calls at Motherwell, Wishaw, Carluke, Carstairs and Haymarket en route between Glasgow and Edinburgh, providing a journey time of around 65 minutes between Glasgow and Edinburgh.
The service began operating at the December 2013 timetable change, but only on sporadic approximately two-hourly frequency at present. The paths in the opposite hour are taken up by CrossCountry services to/from the southwest of England via Birmingham, Leeds and Newcastle.
In May 2014, the majority of these new services were extended to serve Ayr on the West Coast.
December 2014
Following a timetable recast in the wake of electrification of the Whifflet Line, the service has been altered once more - Lanark trains now run on their old (pre-1979) route to Central High Level via Shieldmuir and Bellshill every half hour (hourly on Sundays). Passengers wishing to travel to Argyle Line destinations must change at Cambuslang (except for a limited number of weekday peak direct trains) and there is no longer a direct service via Holytown (save for a single weekday morning peak train from Carstairs to ).
Services are currently provided by Class 318, 320, 380, 334 and 156 units.
West Coast Main Line operations
Due to its location on the WCML, the station sees a considerable number of cross-border inter-city passenger services operated by Avanti West Coast, CrossCountry, London North Eastern Railway and First TransPennine Express from Glasgow Central to destinations such as , , London Euston, London King's Cross and . The Glasgow portion of the Lowland Sleeper also passes through the station, but none of these services call at Carluke.
The WCML is also an important route for cross-border railfreight services. As a result, among the many freight workings that pass through the station each day can be seen Freightliner intermodal services from the Coatbridge Freightliner Terminal to Crewe and the English ports of Seaforth, Felixstowe, Tilbury and Southampton, intermodal services operated by Stobart Rail Freight and Direct Rail Services (DRS) from Grangemouth and Mossend to the Daventry International Railfreight Terminal at Crick, Northamptonshire, and a variety of DB Cargo UK freight services from Mossend to destinations such as Hams Hall, Eastleigh, Portbury Docks and Wembley, from where onward connections to mainland Europe are available by way of the Channel Tunnel. Freightliner also run regular coal trains from the nearby Scottish Coal railhead at Ravenstruther to Longannet, and DB Cargo UK operate mail trains to Warrington and Willesden from the Royal Mail Scottish Distribution Centre at Shieldmuir.
The station in 2009 was used in the Virgin Trains 'Success Express' advert.
References
Sources
Carluke
Railway stations in South Lanarkshire
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1842
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
1842 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carluke%20railway%20station |
Lanark railway station is in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, and is managed by ScotRail and is the southern terminus of the Argyle Line.
The station is located on Bannatyne Street, Lanark, which is staffed part-time (open Monday-Saturday 06:20 until 20:25) and has a car park with 31 spaces, including two disabled bays.
History
Lanark station opened in 1855, as the terminus of a short branch line off the Caledonian Railway's West Coast Main Line. The branch had a triangular junction with the main line to allow trains from Lanark to head west towards or east to . The eastern curve closed in the 1960s.
There was another triangular junction closer to Lanark station itself, and this is just north of the golf course and the embankments are still clearly visible. (summer 2017)
These were the two curves leading from the Lanark branch towards Muirkirk and Ayrshire and Lanark racecourse halt of course.
In 1864, a line south from Lanark to Douglas was opened, and in 1874 it was extended to in Ayrshire, where it formed an end-on junction with the Glasgow and South Western Railway, though that line closed in 1964.
In 1974, the Lanark branch was included in the West Coast Main Line "Electric Scots" electrification project by British Rail.
Current services
There is a peak half hourly and an off peak hourly ScotRail to High Level via , and .
Alternate services on this route formerly ran via and all trains continued via the Argyle Line to the north west suburbs of the city, but following a recast of the timetable in the wake of the electrification of the Whifflet Line, these now run to/from High Level instead and run fast beyond Cambuslang.
There are no southbound or eastbound services, as the branch only has a northbound chord connecting it to the West Coast Main Line (WCML) at Lanark Junction.
There have been calls for the southbound chord to be reconnected to allow direct services from Lanark to Edinburgh, although the route has subsequently been re-used for housing.
References
External links
Video and annotation of Lanark Railway Station
Railway stations in South Lanarkshire
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1855
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Lanark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanark%20railway%20station |
The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance (), is a school for the music and the performing arts in Jerusalem. It is located on the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
History
The Jerusalem Conservatory of Music was founded in August 1933 by violinist Emil Hauser, who served as its first director. His wife, Helena Kagan, a pioneer of pediatric medicine in pre-state Israel, was honorary secretary in 1938–1946. The principal of the school was Yocheved Dostorevsky, a pianist who immigrated to Jerusalem from Vienna. Israeli composer Josef Tal headed the academy in 1948–52. Classes were held at a building on the corner of Kikar Zion in the center of Jerusalem. As the number of students rose, the school moved to rented premises, the Schmidt building, on Hillel Street.
In 1958, Samuel Rubin, president of the Norman Foundation (now the America-Israel Cultural Foundation), donated a large sum of money to purchase a building on Smolenskin Street in Jerusalem's Rehavia neighborhood. The inauguration took place in the presence of Golda Meir, Teddy Kollek and other dignitaries. At the ceremony, the school was renamed the Rubin Academy of Music in Jerusalem.
That same year, the Academy library was established under the leadership of Claude Abravanel. During his 35 years as director, the library collected books, journals, scores, first editions and the like. The collection now resides in the Academy's library and in the Israeli music archives, founded in 1988.
Edith Gerson-Kiwi, an ethnomusicologist specializing in the ethnic music of the oriental Jewish communities of Palestine and Israel, taught music history there in 1942. With the encouragement of Emil Hauser, she established the Phonograph Archives of the Palestine Institute of Folklore and Ethnology and the academy's collection of ethnic musical instruments.
In 1965, Hassia Levy-Agron, a pioneer of dance in Israel, established the school's dance department.
Israeli conductor Mendi Rodan headed the school from 1984–93.
Degrees
Today the school has a faculty of 160, and over 600 students. The academy is an independent institution recognized by the Council for Higher Education in Israel, but also collaborates with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The school has a Faculty of the Performing Arts, a Faculty of Composition, Conducting and Music Education, and a Faculty of Dance, Movement and Movement Notation.
Bachelor of Music (B. Mus.).
Bachelor of Education in Music (B. Ed. Mus.).
Bachelor of Dance (B. Dance) in conjunction with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Master of Arts in Music (M. A. Mus.) in conjunction with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
High school
The Academy High School is situated in the Younes and Soraya Nazarian Building in Givat Ram, adjacent to the Academy's main building. Founded in the late 1960s, the curriculum combines general studies with specialization in music and dance.
Summer programs
The academy runs an annual two-week program called the International Summer Institute for Strings.
Conservatory
The Conservatory offers individual and group instruction in music and dance for students from the age of five. Students attend special workshops and master classes taught by the Academy's senior lecturers, and perform as soloists and in ensembles in Israel and overseas. Over 700 students are currently studying at the Conservatory.
Notable alumni
Ofir Ben Shitrit (born 1995), singer
David Bizic (born 1975), operatic baritone
Natan Brand (1944–90), classical pianist
Drora Bruck (born 1966), recorder player
David D'Or (born 1965), singer, composer, and songwriter
Noga Erez (born 1989), singer
Riki Guy (born c. 1975), full-lyric soprano
Gilad Atzmon (born 1963), jazz saxophonist and academic
Nurit Hirsch (born 1942), composer, arranger, and conductor
Walter Hautzig (born 1921), classical pianist
Daniella Kertesz (born 1989), actress
Tamar Lalo (born 1989), recorder player
Naomi Shemer (1930–2004), songwriter
Robert Starer (1924-2001), composer and pianist
Edna Stern (born 1977), pianist
Ilan Volkov (born 1976), orchestral conductor
Yitzhak Yedid (born 1971), Israeli-Australian composer of classical music and jazz pianist
Lior Rosner (born 1969), Israeli-American composer of classical music and film music
See also
List of universities and colleges in Israel
Dance in Israel
Music in Israel
Education in Israel
References
External links
Interview with Michael Melzer, vice president of the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance
Music schools in Israel
Educational institutions established in 1958
Israeli culture
1958 establishments in Israel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem%20Academy%20of%20Music%20and%20Dance |
Merryton railway station is a railway station in Larkhall, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and lies on the Argyle Line.
The station was officially opened on 9 December 2005, as part of the Larkhall branch re-opened at the same time.
The station is located on the CR Mid Lanark Lines just south of the site of the previous Merryton Junction where the Caledonian Railway Coalburn Branch diverged from the CR Mid Lanark Lines.
Facilities
The station has a car park but is not permanently staffed.
Services
From the opening of the Larkhall Branch in December 2005, a service has operated on Monday to Saturdays to via northbound and to southbound every 30 minutes. In the May 2016 timetable, this now runs to in the northbound direction but still originates from Dalmuir going south.
In December 2007 an hourly service (in each direction) commenced on Sundays. This runs to Larkhall and to via .
References
Sources
RAILSCOT on Coalburn Branch
RAILSCOT on Merryton Junction
New Link for Larkhall opens - BBC News Scotland website
Railway stations in South Lanarkshire
Railway stations opened by Network Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2005
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Larkhall | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merryton%20railway%20station |
Scott Sellars (born 27 November 1965) is an ex English football coach and former professional footballer who is ex Technical Director at Wolverhampton Wanderers.
As a player, he was a winger who made more than 500 appearances, notably playing in the Premier League with Leeds United, Newcastle United and Bolton Wanderers. He also played football with Blackburn Rovers, in Denmark with AGF Aarhus and in the Football League with Huddersfield Town and Mansfield Town. He was capped three times at England at under-21 level.
Since retirement he has previously been assistant manager at Chesterfield and academy coach at Manchester City. He has also worked as the head coach of Wolverhampton Wanderers U23's, as well as assistant head coach under caretaker manager Rob Edwards for Wolves' first team. He is the ex Technical Director at Wolverhampton Wanderers.
Playing career
After starting his career at Leeds United, Sellars established himself in the Second Division with Blackburn Rovers where he spent six years. After three play-off heartbreaks, Sellars finally found success in the 1991-92 Play-off Final which earned Rovers promotion to the newly formed Premier League. However, that would prove to be his last match for Rovers as he joined his old club Leeds who had just won the First Division.
On 24 April 1993 he scored the winning goal for the Magpies in their 1–0 win over local rivals Sunderland in Division One at St James's Park, which meant that they only needed a point from their final three games to be sure of promotion.
Coaching career
Sellars joined Manchester City as Academy coach in October 2009 after previously holding the role of assistant manager at Chesterfield in the League Two and U18s coach at Sheffield United in 2004-05. He was sacked on 11 April 2014 after a "difference of footballing opinion with the current regime" and fears over the club's homegrown quota.
In July 2014 he was appointed to the coaching staff at Wolverhampton Wanderers FC.
In March 2019 Sellars applied for, and was appointed to, the post of Head of Academy at Wolverhampton Wanderers FC, succeeding Gareth Prosser in the role.
Personal life
His son is Conor Sellars.
In January 2013, Sellars pleaded guilty to causing death by careless driving. Sellars had been driving home from work after returning from Dubai, where he had been coaching Manchester City's youth team, when he crashed his car and killed a motorcyclist. Sellars received a six-month suspended sentence and was ordered to do 300 hours of community service.
Honours
Blackburn Rovers
Full Members' Cup winner: 1986–87
Bolton Wanderers
First Division: 1996–97
Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 1989–90 Second Division, 1991–92 Second Division
References
External links
Leeds fan profile
Leeds United history, The 100 greatest Leeds players ever - 91
PremierSoccer stats
1965 births
Living people
English men's footballers
England men's under-21 international footballers
Leeds United F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Men's association football wingers
Footballers from Sheffield
Aarhus Gymnastikforening players
Sheffield United F.C. non-playing staff
Manchester City F.C. non-playing staff
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff
Chesterfield F.C. non-playing staff
English expatriate men's footballers
English expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
Danish Superliga players
Association football coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Sellars |
A (, Sephardic: , Ashkenazic: ; plural ) is an organizational element of Talmudic literature that systematically examines a subject, referred to as a tractate in English.
A tractate/ consists of chapters (; singular: or ).
Etymology
The word () appears in the Hebrew Bible denoting web or texture (). The plain Hebrew meaning of the word is describes warp and weft used in weaving. It also refers to a work of in-depth examination of a topic comprising discussions, research and conclusions. It refers in particular to the sections of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Beraita, and Gemara of the Babylonian and [[Yerushalaim
Talmud|Yerushalaim Talmuds]].
Usage
The "major" tractates, those of the Mishnah itself, are organized into six groups, called sedarim, while the minor tractates, which were not canonized in the Mishnah, stand alone.
The Mishnah comprises sixty-three tractates, each of which is divided into chapters and paragraphs. The same applies to the Tosefta. Each tractate is named after its principal subject, e.g., Masekhet Berakhoth, Masekhet Shabbath, or Masekhet Sanhedrin. The Aramaic word masekhta (מסכתא) is used interchangeably with the Hebrew word .
The following are the tractates of the Mishnah, in the six divisions known as (Orders):
The Babylonian Talmud has —rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the —on thirty-seven ; the Jerusalem Talmud has on thirty-nine .
The fifteen Minor Masekhtot are usually printed at the end of Seder Nezikin in the Talmud. They contain diverse subjects such as Aggadah including folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, practical advice in various spheres, laws and customs pertaining to death and mourning, engagement, marriage and co-habitation, deportment, manners and behavior, maxims urging self-examination and modesty, the ways of peace between people, regulations for writing Torah scrolls and the Mezuzah, Tefillin and for making Tzitzit, as well as conversion to Judaism.
Rabbinic literature that expounds upon such Talmudic literature may organize itself similarly (e.g. the Halachot by Alfasi), but many do not (e.g. Mishneh Torah by Maimonides). Non-Mishnaic literature, such as Midrash, even when from the Mishnaic-era, is not organized into tractates.
References
Minor tractates
Mishnah
Oral Torah
Rabbinic literature
Talmud | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masekhet |
WJLK-FM (94.3 FM; "The Point") is a commercial radio station licensed to Asbury Park, New Jersey, and serving Monmouth County, Northern Ocean County and Middlesex County. It broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format and is owned by Townsquare Media, along with sister stations WCHR-FM, WOBM, WOBM-FM, and WJLK.
WJLK-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 1,300 watts. The transmitter is near Exit 100 along the Garden State Parkway in Tinton Falls, New Jersey. WJLK-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its programming is also simulcast on WJLK (1160 AM) and translator station W281CK (104.1 FM) in Lakewood Township.
History
Asbury Park Press
WJLK-FM was created when the Asbury Park Press, a daily newspaper, wanted to expand its newly forming radio business in the 1940s. Originally destined to be WDJT at 104.3, by November 1946 the call letters had changed to WJLK, to honor J. Lyle Kinmonth, the former publisher of the Press, who died the previous year. In addition, shortly before the first broadcast, the station changed from 104.3 to 94.3 MHz.
The station's first broadcast took place on Kinmonth's birthday, November 20, 1947. When WJLK started, it was one of an estimated 75 FM radio stations nationwide. WJLK also made history as the first FM radio station in New Jersey to be licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The station was dedicated to news and community information. It broadcast from 6:30a.m. to midnight Monday through Saturday, and 8a.m. to midnight on Sundays.
Adult contemporary and top 40
Eventually, The Press purchased an AM radio station, WCAP, which was renamed WJLK, located at 1310 kHz. Both stations simulcast their programming. The newscasts for the station were 15 minutes long at the top of every hour, as well as a briefer at every half-hour. In between newscasts, there was a wide variety of shows featuring different types of music, or talk programs on specific subjects, such as gardening. In the mid 1960s, typical staffing included Everett Rudloff as station manager, Dick Lewis as assistant manager, Charles Hill as program director, and Frank Huber as station engineer.
The station occupied the top floor of the Asbury Park Press building, with two studios in addition to the transmitter cabinet and the control room, operated by the announcer / disk-jockey. Remaining floor space was devoted to a small lobby and reception area and desk, the station manager's office, the station engineer's office, a small studio for the assistant engineer's recording of transcriptions and tape cartridge announcements and advertisements, and desks for radio management and announcing staff as well as for radio advertising staff. The local Steinbach's department store (around the corner of Press Plaza) was a major advertiser.
The music standard was "easy listening" as it was then called. Typical special programming included a Broadway music show, an up-tempo "Rolling Home Show" (evening rush hour), Arthur Morris' gospel music program, Phyllis Kessel's ladies talk and commentary, and the Rev. Richard Holbrook's gospel preaching. There were also jazz and country music programs, as well as remote broadcasts of local evening high school basketball games. A news program from Fort Monmouth was also a regular feature. News was relayed in print from the news department one floor below as well as from a teletype machine in the station office.
By the mid 1970s, it was obvious that specialized stations that concentrated on one specific format were doing better than stations such as WJLK where the programs changed by the hour. Robert E. McAllen, an on-air personality in the early 1970s, devised a new format with its emphasis on adult contemporary music with block programming at night, playing top 40, oldies, or talk. For a time, WJLK-AM-FM subscribed to the automated "Hit Parade" music service, where the songs were announced by a prerecorded voice, with live newscasts around the clock from the Asbury Park Press newsroom.
During the 1980s WJLK adopted a top 40 format and was branded as "K-94" "New Jersey's Hit Music Station". Pat Gillen, was the program director and "your Pat in the afternoon". Tim Downs was morning drive, Carl Ross did mid days. Amy Wright handled the evening shifts and Dave Ulmann was the overnight host. Weekends were hosted Ed Healy, Gary Guida and Mike Abrams.
Change in ownership
In 1989, the company sold both WJLK and WJLK-FM to Devlin and Ferrari Broadcasting Company of New York for $12.5 million. The sale had been ordered by the FCC in exchange for allowing The Asbury Park Press to buy two Trenton stations, WBUD (1260 AM) and WKXW-FM (101.5), for $12.1 million.
By August 1989, the K-94 format was discontinued and the station returned to broadcasting adult contemporary. Then, in March 1993, the station began a simulcast with the 98.5 frequency and was billed as "Soft Rock WJLK". Slightly more than four years later, in May 1997, after being sold to Nassau Broadcasting, the simulcast was dropped and the station went towards the format it has today, broadcasting under "94.3 the Point".
Charities
From 1997 through May 2002, 94.3 The Point was one of the five stations referred to as Nassau Broadcasting Partner's "Shore Group" under the leadership of Vice President and General Manager Don Dalesio. The format of WJLK-FM was rebranded and improved, and the station became a true leader in the market. After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the station became active in helping the community heal. A significant amount of money was raised for the families of World Trade Center victims. The Old Mill School in Wall, New Jersey (K-5), had a walk-a-thon and donated the money to the Nassau charity. As a result, the Point rewarded the kids by having Michelle Branch perform in the auditorium of their school in late 2001.
The Point and Jersey Shore Medical Center also organized "Kites Against Cancer" to benefit the breast care center at JSMC originally and eventually all of "The Breast Care Centers of The Meridian Healthcare." This successful event got the Point into the Guinness Book of World Records for flying the most kites at one time in a single location.
Millennium Radio
In June 2002, the sale of the "shore group" was completed and Millennium Radio Group took over WJLK-FM and its sister stations, WBBO, WOBM and WOBM-FM, WADB and eventually WCHR-FM.
In February 2009, WJLK started using new station IDs and branding, referring to itself as "The Jersey Shore's Hit Music Channel", despite still mostly playing adult contemporary music, in response to WHTG rebranding itself as "The Jersey Shore's Hit Music Connection" and adopting a top 40 format the previous month. The sound of WJLK has an emphasis on hits from today.
Also in 2009, WJLK lost part of its Ocean County coverage area due to the power increase of co-channel radio station WIBG-FM in Avalon. Since this time, WJLK's signal has become mostly un-listenable south of Forked River while WIBG-FM serves the Manahawkin, Long Beach Island and Tuckerton areas.
WJLK began simulcasting on WOBM (1160 AM) and its FM translator on 104.1 on July 10, 2023, expanding the station's coverage of northern Ocean County. WJLK readded the "-FM" suffix to its call sign on July 21, allowing WOBM to change its call sign to WJLK.
HD Radio
In July 2007, WJLK began broadcasting in HD Radio. In October 2007, WJLK launched an HD2 channel, which is a simulcast of the classic rock format from sister station 105.7 The Hawk (WCHR-FM). In 2009, WJLK-HD2 launched S*ALT ("ShoreAlternative.com") in response to WHTG's departure of the alternative format, attempting to fill the void left in the Monmouth/Ocean market. That ended in 2011, ahead of Townsquare Media acquiring Millennium Radio New Jersey.
References
External links
Official website of WJLK
JLK
Radio stations established in 1947
Hot adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Tinton Falls, New Jersey
1947 establishments in New Jersey
Townsquare Media radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJLK-FM |
Jeremy Stein Cushman (born December 19, 1990) is an American violinist and violist.
Music career
Cushman made his solo orchestral debut at the age of eight with the Great Neck Philharmonic and, at the age of nine, was featured on the CBS Early Show with Bryant Gumbel after winning the FAO/CBS international talent search. In 2002, he was selected to perform as Microsoft's Symbol of Potential for its annual convention in the New Orleans Superdome. At the age of twelve, Cushman won the 2003 New York City talent competition at Manhattan’s Heckscher Theatre. He also gave two performances at Madison Square Garden for in the Knicks Kids Talent Search semi-finals and finals, where he earned the title of "Most Talented Boy of 2002-2003". Cushman was also performed in Zürich, Switzerland in a benefit performance for UNICEF, performed as a soloist at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall, and gave a solo recital at New York's Steinway Hall to raise funds for the concert’s sponsor: Variety, the Children's Charity.
Cushman has appeared with a variety of orchestras, including as a guest soloist with the New York Riverside Orchestra, the Queens Symphony Orchestra, the Queensborough Orchestra, the Great Neck Philharmonic, and as a repeat guest soloist with the Nassau Pops Symphony Orchestra. He also toured London and Scotland as concertmaster and soloist of the Children's Orchestra Society's Young Symphonic Ensemble. In April 2006, Cushman won the American Fine Arts Festival young performers competition. In June 2006, he performed the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto with the Scottsdale Symphony in Scottsdale, Arizona, and in October 2007, he was invited to give a solo recital as part of the Artists Ascending concert series in Memphis, Tennessee. In June 2008, he performed Bruch's Violin Concerto No. 1 in Carnegie Hall with the Young Symphonic Ensemble.
Cushman performed in a special 9/11 memorial ceremony hosted by Secretary General Kofi Annan at the United Nations. In addition, Cushman spent many years as the featured soloist for the Tarumi Violinists, performing in Carnegie Hall, and the White House, at the official New York City and New York State celebrations of Israel's 50th anniversary, and on concert tours of Japan, Taiwan, Argentina and Hong Kong. Cushman began his studies with teacher Yukako Tarumi at the age of five and studied with Juilliard professor Shirley Givens throughout high school.
Physics
Cushman graduated as valedictorian of Benjamin N. Cardozo High School in 2008 and received a B.A. in physics from Harvard College in 2012. He received a M.S. in physics from Yale University in 2012 and is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the same, working on the CUORE Experiment.
References
American classical violinists
Male classical violinists
American male violinists
1990 births
Living people
Harvard College alumni
Musicians from Queens, New York
People from Douglaston–Little Neck, Queens
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Classical musicians from New York (state)
21st-century classical violinists
21st-century American male musicians
Benjamin N. Cardozo High School alumni
21st-century American violinists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Cushman |
CJMB-FM (90.5 MHz) is a Canadian radio station branded as Freq 90.5, which is licensed to Peterborough, Ontario. The station is owned by My Broadcasting Corporation and it airs an alternative rock format. The station is a network affiliate of Sportsnet Radio and CBS Sports Radio. Weekdays it carries the Jim Rome Show from CBS Sports Radio, which also supplies late night programming.
The studios and offices are on George Street in Peterborough. The transmitter is off Greencrest Drive.
History
The station received CRTC approval on June 9, 2004 and was launched at 99.5 FM on November 25, 2004, at 80 Hunter St. East by King's Kids Promotions Outreach Ministries with a christian format including talk and music. The studios later moved to the Kingswood Life Center at 993 Talwood Drive.
Formerly known as "KAOS" radio, the station's first call letters were CKKK-FM.
In March 2007, CKKK-FM applied to move to 90.5 FM. CKPT, then on 1420 AM, was approved in 2007 to move to 99.3 which is the adjacent frequency of 99.5. On July 9, 2007, CKKK received CRTC approval to move to 90.5 FM.
On August 20, 2007, CKKK-FM moved from 99.5 MHz to its current frequency at 90.5 MHz just over a month after the approval from the CRTC.
On March 31, 2008, CKKK went dark after being blocked from its new tower site at 1001 Talwood Drive. This, despite the fact that the project was approved by the CRTC and Industry Canada in August 2007.
The station, plus previous and current ownership of the tower site at 1001 Talwood Drive were not able to resolve differences.
Sale to McNabb & new format
The CRTC approved the sale of the station on June 26, 2009, to Andy McNabb, on behalf of a company to be incorporated. Soon after, a corporate structure was formed, 100% owned by Andy McNabb, and 4352416 Canada Inc. was incorporated. The station then adopted its current call letters CJMB-FM.
On December 3, 2009, the CRTC approved the station's application for a new tower site and a power increase from 50 to 206 watts.
CJMB-FM began testing their new signal broadcasting at 90.5 MHz on October 14, 2010, at 4:05 PM, featuring the song "Stronger" by Hillsong Church.
In December 2010, the station finished its technical testing and became the only station in the city broadcasting "Local News Every Hour", as well as the only station in the city broadcasting "All Christmas Music, All The Time" during the holiday season. In addition, the station presented play-by-play coverage of the Peterborough Petes, Toronto Maple Leafs and the Toronto Blue Jays.
The licence was awarded personally to Andy McNabb, who is the 100% owner of the assets of CJMB-FM and 100% owner of the shares of the corporate structure.
With no change in effective control, the matter of transfer of assets from the corporate holdings that are 100% owned by one person, directly to a portfolio of personal holdings that are 100% owned by the same person, would be published by the CRTC when said filings are deemed as processed by CRTC staff.
Sale to My Broadcasting Corporation
On May 17, 2013, My Broadcasting Corporation took over the management of CJMB-FM from McNabb Broadcasting. My Broadcasting Corporation applied to the CRTC to purchase the assets of CJMB-FM. In the interim, the CRTC provided My Broadcasting approval to operate CJMB-FM under a temporary management agreement.
Under its ownership, CJMB flipped to talk radio as Extra 90.5, carrying a mix of local news and information programming, as well as sports talk programs (including CBS Sports Radio's The Jim Rome Show and John Feinstein), and coverage of the Peterborough Lakers alongside existing play-by-play for the Petes, Maple Leafs and Blue Jays. The station planned to air a block of Christian programming on Sundays in order to meet the station's license conditions for the airplay of religious music; My Broadcasting president Jon Pole noted that the license called for 95% of music played by the station to be religious music, but that this would merely be a technicality since the majority of its new lineup was spoken word programming.
In February 2016, the station picked up Bubba the Love Sponge, becoming the program's first-ever Canadian affiliate.
On June 26, 2020, the station rebranded as Freq 90.5, flipping to a gold-based alternative rock format with focus on hits from the 1990s and 2000s. The station will retain its sports play-by-play.
Notable announcers
John Badham hosted the show The Regulars from 2013 to 2016.
References
External links
Modern rock radio stations in Canada
Radio stations in Peterborough, Ontario
Radio stations established in 2004
2004 establishments in Ontario
My Broadcasting radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJMB-FM |
Joi Internet was a dial-up Internet service provider based in Atlanta, Georgia. Joi Internet was a subsidiary of Hawk Communications (as were Access4Less and Access-4-Free). Joi Internet provided low-cost basic and accelerated dial-up Internet access, up to five POP3 e-mail addresses, free 24-hour technical support by telephone or e-mail, and newsgroup access.
Its accelerated dial-up made use of caching and compression, which allowed a user on a dial-up connection to surf quicker. It required installation of Joi's rebranded Propel Internet Accelerator. Joi Internet's parent company was sued by BellSouth Corporation in February 2004 on the basis of false advertising due to the claim that their accelerated dial-up was as fast as DSL. (CA No. 1:04-CV-0280-MHS, N.D. Ga.) BellSouth was awarded a preliminary injunction and an award of damages.
Hawk Communications sold its dial-up services to EarthLink (also of Atlanta, Georgia) in April 2005.
Sources
BellSouth sues Joi Internet for false advertising, Atlanta Business Chronicle, 13 February 2004, Justin Rubner
BellSouth wins injuction against Joi Internet, Atlanta Business Chronicle, 14 April 2004
EarthLink to get Joi Internet, Access4Free subscribers, Atlanta Business Chronicle, 20 April 2005
Internet service providers of the United States
Companies based in Atlanta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joi%20Internet |
Hartford railway station is in the village of Hartford, in Cheshire, England. It is situated on the A559 road approximately two miles (3.2 km) west of the town of Northwich.
History
Hartford station was built by the Grand Junction Railway (GJR) and opened in September 1837. The GJR became a constituent of the newly formed London and North Western Railway on 16 July 1846, which in turn was absorbed by the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSR) in 1923. The LMSR was nationalised within British Railways on 1 January 1948 and the station and its train services were thereafter operated by the London Midland Region of BR. The station buildings were greatly rationalised at the time of the West Coast electrification in the 1960s.
Facilities
The station is in a cutting with steps down from the car park. There is a ramp for wheelchairs but it is very steep. The station is staffed; the ticket office is open from start of services until late afternoon during the week and on Saturdays, but limited on a Sunday. There are bus stops and a public phone box on the road. The centre of the village of Hartford is about 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the east, about 10–15 minutes walk.
Greenbank railway station is about 1 mile (1.6 km) away, though nearer to Northwich, on the Mid-Cheshire Line from Chester to Manchester Piccadilly.
The station underwent an upgrade in spring 2011; it included new voice announcements, live arrivals and departure boards, and new electronic systems.
Network Rail delivered more improvements to the station in summer 2014. These improvements ranged from replacing the station roof, resurfaced platforms and a new station footbridge. Step-free access is possible to both platforms via ramps from the nearby road.
Services
Hartford is currently served by one train per hour in each direction, operated by West Midlands Trains, northbound to Liverpool Lime Street via and southbound to Birmingham New Street via , and .
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category D stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1837
Railway stations served by West Midlands Trains
Stations on the West Coast Main Line | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartford%20railway%20station |
Dipterocarpus acutangulus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name acutangulus is derived from Latin (angulus = angle, acutus = sharp) and refers to the ribs of the fruit calyx tube. It is native to peninsular Thailand and Malaysia and also Borneo, where it is locally known as keruing merkah or keruing beludu. It is an emergent tree up to 60 m tall. The tree occurs in mixed dipterocarp forests found on sandy and sandy clay soils on coastal hills and inland ridges, up to 1000 m elevation. It occurs in at least one protected area (Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve).
References
acutangulus
Trees of Peninsular Malaysia
Dipterocarps of Borneo
Trees of Thailand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpus%20acutangulus |
Emerson Hart (born July 21, 1969) is a songwriter, vocalist, guitarist and producer. He is the lead singer and songwriter of the alternative rock band Tonic.
Biography
Hart was born in Washington, Pennsylvania. He grew up in Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey and attended Red Bank Catholic High School.
Hart's father Jennings sang for the USO and his mother Sandra is a former television hostess. His father was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and was prescribed medicine to regulate his mental disorder, but he often resisted treatment, and he and Sandra divorced in 1977. Jennings may have been off his medication at the time of his disappearance on January 21, 1980. The elder Hart has not been seen since, and in an interview Emerson addresses his father and his belief that his father was murdered, which is the subject of the title track written and recorded by Emerson on 2007's Cigarettes and Gasoline.
Hart has been married twice. He was first married to Nicole Taylor Hart in 2000. They had a child, daughter Lucienne Elizabeth, in 2007, but divorced in 2008. After the divorce, Hart began dating Heather McMurray, whom he married in 2012.
Music career
Tonic's first release, Lemon Parade, was a multi-platinum success, featuring the hit songs, "Open Up Your Eyes" and "If You Could Only See" (the former written by Hart and co-writer Jeff Russo and the latter written by Hart), the latter of which was one of the most played rock tracks of 1997. In 1999, Tonic returned with their second album and the mainstream rock hit, "You Wanted More". In 2002, Tonic released their third LP, Head on Straight. In 2003, Tonic received two Grammy nominations - one for best Rock Performance by Duo or Group with Vocal for "Take Me As I Am", and the second for Best Rock Album. Hart also co-wrote the 2005 Ingram Hill hit, "Almost Perfect", which reached the top 25 on the Hot AC chart.
Hart co-wrote the theme song, "Generation", for the NBC drama American Dreams, which premiered in 2002. He earned an ASCAP award for "Best Theme Song of Television" in 2003.
In February 2007, Hart signed a solo record deal with EMI/Manhattan Records to release his debut solo effort Cigarettes and Gasoline. It was released on July 17, 2007. Hart's first single, "If You're Gonna Leave", received airplay on American radio stations beginning in June 2007, while his second single, "I Wish the Best for You", received airplay beginning in December 2007.
Hart's second solo album, Beauty in Disrepair, (BMG) was released on April 15, 2014. The first single, titled "The Best That I Can Give", premiered on the USA Today website on January 7, 2014. Whereas his 2007 release dealt more with rocky relationships and personal struggles, Beauty takes on a more optimistic tone, with a theme of picking up the pieces and moving on.
Regarding the single "The Best That I Can Give", Hart stated: "My wife and I dated for about four years. That's a rocky road, because you have to address all the luggage that comes with the past relationships. That was the song I wrote when I almost blew it — but I didn't."
Hart's third studio album, 32 Thousand Days, was released on December 13, 2019. He released the first single from the album, "Lucky One", on November 13, 2019.
Discography
Solo albums
References
External links
Emerson Hart on MySpace
1969 births
Living people
People from Washington, Pennsylvania
American male singers
American rock singers
American alternative rock musicians
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
People from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey
Red Bank Catholic High School alumni
Singers from Pennsylvania
Songwriters from New Jersey
Tonic (band) members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson%20Hart |
Human liquor means waste content from bowels isolated to investigate specific enzymes and peptidases involved in enteric contraction and digestion of compounds.
P-endopeptidase isolated from human liquor inactivates tachykinins. Hydrolysis of Substance P by P-endopeptidase yields the active fragment of substance P. A neuroactive peptide, Substance P is found throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. It has mostly been studied for its contractive effect on enteric musculature.
References
Nyberg et al. 1984
Physiology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20liquor |
Tony Johnson (born March 12, 1982) is a former American football wide receiver. He played collegiately at Penn State from 2000 to 2003. Entering the 2008 season, he was ranked 10th all time in receptions for the Nittany Lions with 107, and 9th in receiving yards with 1,702. Johnson was listed at 5'11, 209 lbs. and wore number 11. His older brother is former NFL running back Larry Johnson. Tony was also Larry's manager.
Tony is the second of three children, born to Christine and Larry Johnson Sr. His father, Larry Johnson, Sr., is a former high school coach, and the current defensive line coach at The Ohio State University. Johnson attended State College Area High School in State College, Pennsylvania, and was recruited by several college teams. Originally a quarterback and running back in high school, he converted to wide receiver upon committing to the Nittany Lions.
From 2001 to 2002, Johnson served as the Nittany Lions' second-choice receiver, playing alongside Bryant Johnson. In 2002, he had three receiving touchdowns, caught 34 passes, and gained 549 receiving yards. In 2003, when he was a senior at Penn State, Johnson was charged with DUI. He was suspended for two games by the team after this incident. Following his return, Johnson had three touchdowns in a game against Indiana.
Tony married his wife, Karin Grapp-Johnson, in the summer of 2009. They have three children, two boys and a girl. He now resides in Ohio, where he remotely is able to fulfill his managing duties for older brother Larry Johnson. Tony travels often to attend and accompany Larry to Bengals home and away games.
References
1982 births
Living people
People from Charles County, Maryland
African-American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
State College Area High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Johnson%20%28wide%20receiver%29 |
County Route 548 (CR 548) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Delsea Drive (Route 47 in Maurice River Township to Route 49 in Upper Township.
Route description
CR 548 begins at an intersection with Route 47 in the community of Port Elizabeth in Maurice River Township, Cumberland County, heading east on two-lane undivided Broadway Avenue. The road passes homes before crossing CR 648 and becoming Weatherby Road. The route crosses an abandoned railroad line as it leaves Port Elizabeth and passes a patch of farmland before entering dense forests. CR 548 continues through the forests for several more miles as it enters Cape May County, briefly running through Dennis Township before crossing into Upper Township and passing through the Belleplain State Forest. CR 548 passes some farms and reaches an intersection with CR 605 before it comes to its eastern terminus at Route 49.
History
The entire route was initially part of the Cape May Way, an auto trail running from Camden to Cape May. County Route 548 used to continue farther west, following New Jersey Route 47 and Cumberland County Routes 670 and 649 to County Route 553 in Port Norris.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
County Route 548
500-series county routes in New Jersey
Roads in Cape May County, New Jersey
Roads in Cumberland County, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20548%20%28New%20Jersey%29 |
The Iberian ribbed newt, gallipato or Spanish ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl) is a newt endemic to the central and southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. It is the largest European newt species and it is also known for its sharp ribs which can puncture through its sides, and as such is also called the sharp-ribbed newt.
This species should not be confused with the different species with similar common name, the Iberian newt (Lissotriton boscai).
Description
The Iberian ribbed newt has tubercles running down each side. Through these, its sharp ribs can puncture. The ribs act as a defense mechanism, causing little harm to the newt. This mechanism could be considered as a primitive and rudimentary system of envenomation, but is completely harmless to humans. At the same time as pushing its ribs out the newt begins to secrete poison from special glands on its body. The poison coated ribs create a highly effective stinging mechanism, injecting toxins through the thin skin in predator's mouths. The newt's effective immune system and collagen coated ribs mean the pierced skin quickly regrows without infection.
In the wild, this amphibian grows up to , but rarely more than in captivity. Its color is dark gray dorsally, and lighter gray on its ventral side, with rust-colored small spots where its ribs can protrude. This newt has a flat, spade-shaped head and a long tail, which is about half its body length. Males are more slender and usually smaller than females. The larvae have bushy external gills and usually paler color patterns than the adults.
Pleurodeles waltl is more aquatic-dwelling than many other European tailed amphibians. Though they are quite able to walk on land, most rarely leave the water, living usually in ponds, cisterns, and ancient village wells that were common in Portugal and Spain in the past. They prefer cool, quiet, and deep waters, where they feed on insects, aquatic molluscs, worms, and tadpoles.
Sex determination
Sex determination is regulated by sex chromosomes, but can be overridden by temperature. Females have both sex chromosomes (Z and W), while males have two copies of the Z chromosome (ZZ). However, when ZW larvae are reared at 32 °C (90 °F) during particular stages of development (stage 42 to stage 54), they differentiate into functional neomales. Hormones play an important role during the sex determination process, and the newts can be manipulated to change sex by adding hormones or hormone-inhibitors to the water in which they are reared.
Aromatase, an estrogen-synthesizing enzyme which acts as a steroid hormone, plays a key role in sex determination in many non-mammalian vertebrates, including the Iberian ribbed newt. It is found in higher levels in the gonad–mesonephros complexes in ZW larvae than in their ZZ counterparts, although not in heat-treated ZW larvae. The increase occurs near the final stages of which their sex can be determined by temperature (stage 52).
Conservation
The IUCN has listed the Iberian ribbed newt as Near Threatened since its 2006 Red List. It received this listing because its wild populations appear to be in significant decline due to widespread habitat loss and the effects of invasive species, thus making the species close to qualifying for Vulnerable. Previously, in 2004, the species had been listed as Least Concern, the lowest ranking. This species is generally threatened through loss of aquatic habitats through drainage, agrochemical pollution, the impacts of livestock (in North African dayas), eutrophication, domestic and industrial contamination, golf courses, and infrastructure development. It has largely disappeared from coastal areas in Iberia and Morocco close to concentrations of tourism and highly populated areas such as Madrid's outskirts. Introduced fish such as the largemouth bass and crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are known to prey on the eggs and larvae of this species, and are implicated in its decline. Mortality on roads has been reported to be a serious threat to some populations.
Space experiments
Pleurodeles waltl has been studied in space on at least six missions. The first Iberian ribbed newts were sent to space in 1985 on board Bion 7. The ten newts shared their journey with two rhesus macaques and ten rats, in an otherwise crewless Soviet Kosmos satellite. In 1992, Bion 10 also carried the newts on board, as did Bion 11 in 1996.
Pleurodeles waltl research was continued later in 1996 by French-led experiments on the Mir space station (Mir Cassiopée expedition), with follow-up studies in 1998 (Mir Pégase expedition) and 1999 (Mir Perseus expedition). Foton-M2 also carried the Iberian ribbed newt in 2005.
The newts were chosen because they are a good model organism for the study of microgravity. They are a good model organism because of the female's ability to retain live sperm in her cloaca for up to five months, allowing her to be inseminated on Earth, and later (in space) have fertilisation induced through hormonal stimulation. Another advantage to this species is their development is slow, so all the key stages of ontogenesis can be observed, from the oocyte to swimming tailbud embryos or larvae.
Studies looked at the newts' ability to regenerate (which was faster in space overall, and up to two times as fast in early stages) as well as the stages of development and reproduction in space.
On the ground, studies of hypergravity (up to 3g) on P. waltl fertilisation have also been conducted, as well as on the fertility of the space-born newts once they arrived back on Earth (they were fertile, and without problems).
Similar microgravity experiments have also been conducted for other species, namely the frog species Hyla japonica, and no effects on long term health are similarly observed.
Regeneration
Pleurodeles waltl is a model system for the study of adult regeneration. Similar to other salamanders, P. waltl are animals that can regenerate lost limbs, injured heart tissue, lesioned brain cells in addition to other body parts such as the eye lens and the spinal cord. The 20 Gb genome of P. waltl has been sequenced to facilitate research into the genetic basis of this extraordinary regenerative ability.
See also
List of Mir Expeditions
Animals in space
References
External links
Spanish ribbed newt - Pleurodeles waltl, BioFresh Cabinet of Freshwater Curiosities.
Caudata Culture: Pleurodeles waltl
Livingworld.org: Pleurodeles waltl
Bizarre newt uses ribs as weapons, BBC Earth News.
Animal models
Newts
Amphibians of North Africa
Amphibians of Europe
Amphibians described in 1830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian%20ribbed%20newt |
Carter Caves State Resort Park is located in Carter County, Kentucky, United States, along Tygarts Creek. It is formed by Carter Caves, and nearby Cascade Caves, which were added to the park in 1959. On December 16, 1981, of the park were designated as nature preserves. Bat Cave and Cascade Caverns State Nature Preserves were dedicated for the protection of the Indiana bat, mountain maple, and Canada yew, all endangered species.
History
The park was in various private hands for almost 200 years until the last private family owners, the J.F. Lewis family and various other private investors, including local Rotary Clubs, donated the large tract of property () to the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1946. The purchase of the caves and surrounding land was driven by Governor William Jason Fields, a native of Carter County.
Attractions
Resort park
Carter Caves is a state resort park that features a lodge, cottages, 18-hole putt-putt course, full-service campground (18 sites with sewer hook-ups), and of hiking trails, cave tours available year-round, and seasonal horse riding stables.
Caves
There are several cave tours offered. Guided tours of Cascade Cave and X-Cave are available year-round. Bat Cave and Saltpetre Cave are only open in the summer, and close during the winter hibernation season due to the threat of white nose syndrome, a disease which threatens several endangered species of bats.
Cascade Cave is the name for three different caves in the same area and is together the largest cave in the park. It features an underground lake room and an underground waterfall.
X Cave, named for the crossing pattern of its passages, features some of the largest rock formations in the park.
Saltpetre Cave was mined during the War of 1812 because saltpetre, or potassium nitrate, is a major component in gunpowder. Historic activities are a major part of the Saltpetre Cave tour. Bat Cave is also toured in the summer months, between Memorial Day and Labor Day, and is considered a "wild" cave tour since the cave has not been improved for walking tours. The cave is unique in that it is a hibernaculum for the endangered Indiana bat in the winter months.
Laurel Cave is the most visited of the non-commercial caves in the park, and contains some of the most interesting passages.
Laurel Cave is open to the public during regular business hours in the summer months only (Memorial Day - Labor Day). All that is required is a permit available at the Welcome Center/Gift Shop. The permit gives you legal access to Laurel Cave (summer months only), Horn Hollow Caves and the connected Rimstone Cave.
Trails
Over thirty miles of hiking trails encounter seven natural bridges throughout the park. The Cascade Trail is a three-quarter mile trail passing through Box Canyon. The Three Bridges Trail winds three and a quarter miles and includes the park's largest natural bridge, the Smokey Bridge, which stands an impressive high and wide. This trail also passes by Fern Bridge and Raven Bridge as it meanders through the park. The half-mile Natural Bridge Trail passes beneath a third natural bridge, the only one in Kentucky that is paved and supports traffic. Longer trails include the Carter Caves Cross Country Trail (The 4Cs Trail) and the Kiser Hollow multi-access trail, which parallels the 4Cs trail for a couple of miles before encircling the outer boundaries of the park's property.
Smokey Valley Lake and Tygarts Creek
Smokey Valley Lake is a lake within the park. Anglers will find populations of largemouth bass, bluegill, catfish, and crappie in the lake. The boat is accessible by ramp, but no gasoline motors are permitted.
Ecology
The cave system houses a variety of organisms including:
Gallery
See also
List of caves in the United States
References
External links
Carter Caves State Resort Park Kentucky Department of Parks
Protected areas of Carter County, Kentucky
Caves of Kentucky
State parks of Kentucky
Protected areas established in 1946
Show caves in the United States
Landforms of Carter County, Kentucky
1946 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter%20Caves%20State%20Resort%20Park |
The Western Sahara conflict is an ongoing conflict between the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic/Polisario Front and the Kingdom of Morocco. The conflict originated from an insurgency by the Polisario Front against Spanish colonial forces from 1973 to 1975 and the subsequent Western Sahara War against Morocco between 1975 and 1991. Today the conflict is dominated by unarmed civil campaigns of the Polisario Front and their self-proclaimed SADR state to gain fully recognized independence for Western Sahara.
The conflict escalated after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords. Beginning in 1975, the Polisario Front, backed and supported by Algeria, waged a 16-year-long war for independence against Mauritania and Morocco. In February 1976, the Polisario Front declared the establishment of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which was not admitted into the United Nations, but won limited recognition by a number of other states. Following the annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco and Mauritania in 1976, and the Polisario Front's declaration of independence, the UN addressed the conflict via a resolution reaffirming the right to self-determination of the Sahrawi people. In 1977, France intervened as the conflict reached its peak intensity. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew from the conflict and territories, leading to a stalemate through most of the 1980s. After several more engagements between 1989 and 1991, a cease-fire agreement was reached between the Polisario Front and the Moroccan government. At the time, most of the Western Sahara territory remained under Moroccan control, while the Polisario controlled some 20% of the territory in its capacity as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, with additional pockets of control in the Sahrawi refugee camps along the Algerian border. At present, these borders are largely unchanged.
Despite multiple peace initiatives through the 1990s and early 2000s, the conflict reemerged as the "Independence Intifada" in 2005; a series of disturbances, demonstrations and riots, which broke out in May 2005 in the Moroccan-held portions of Western Sahara, and lasted until November of that same year. In late 2010, the protests re-erupted in the Gdeim Izik refugee camp in Western Sahara. While the protests were initially peaceful, they were later marked by clashes between civilians and security forces, resulting in dozens of casualties on both sides. Another series of protests began on 26 February 2011, as a reaction to the failure of police to prevent anti-Sahrawi looting in the city of Dakhla, Western Sahara; protests soon spread throughout the territory. Though sporadic demonstrations continue, the movement had largely subsided by May 2011.
To date, large parts of Western Sahara are controlled by the Moroccan Government and known as the Southern Provinces, whereas some 20% of the Western Sahara territory remains controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), the Polisario state with limited international recognition. The questions of mutual recognition, establishment of a possible Sahrawi state and the large numbers of Sahrawi refugees displaced by the conflict are among the key issues of the ongoing Western Sahara peace process.
Background
Spanish Sahara
In 1884, Spain claimed a protectorate over the coast from Cape Bojador to Cap Blanc. Later, the Spanish extended their area of control. In 1958, Spain merged the previously separate districts of Saguia el-Hamra (in the north) and Río de Oro (in the south) to form the province of Spanish Sahara.
Raids and rebellions by the indigenous Sahrawi population kept the Spanish forces out of much of the Spanish-claimed territory for a long time. Ma al-Aynayn the Saharan pro-Moroccan caïd of Tindouf and Smara named by the Moroccan sultan started an uprising against the French in 1910 in response to French attempts to expand their influence and control in North-West Africa. Ma al-Aynayn died in October 1910, and his son El Hiba succeeded him. El Hiba's forces were defeated during a failed campaign to conquer Marrakesh, and in retaliation French colonial forces destroyed the holy city of Smara in 1913. The city was promptly rebuilt, and Sahrawi resistance continued for the following twenty years. The rebellious territory was finally subdued in 1934, after joint Spanish and French forces destroyed Smara for a second time. In 1956, the Ifni War, initiated by the Moroccan Army of Liberation, marked renewed conflict in the region; after two years of war, the Spanish forces regained control, again with French aid. However, unrest lingered among the region's population, and in 1967 the Harakat Tahrir arose to challenge Spanish rule peacefully. After the events of the Zemla Intifada in 1970, when Spanish police forcibly disbanded the organization and "disappeared" its founder, Muhammad Bassiri, Sahrawi nationalism again swung towards militarism.
Polisario Front
In 1971, a group of young Sahrawi students in the universities of Morocco began organizing what came to be known as The Embryonic Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro. After attempting in vain to gain backing from several Arab governments, including both Algeria and Morocco itself, the movement only succeeded in obtaining support from Libya and Mauritania. As a result of this ambivalence, the movement eventually relocated to Spanish-controlled Western Sahara to start an armed rebellion. Women in Western Sahara are prominent members of the Polisario Front as soldiers and activists.
Conflict
Beginnings of armed struggle
The Polisario Front was formally constituted on 10 May 1973 in the Mauritanian city of Zouirate, with the express intention of militarily forcing an end to Spanish colonization. Its first Secretary General was El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed. On 20 May he led the Khanga raid, the Polisario's first armed action, in which a Spanish post manned by a team of Tropas Nomadas (Sahrawi-staffed auxiliary forces) was overrun and a cache of rifles seized. The Polisario gradually gained control over large swaths of the Western Saharan desert, and its power grew steadily after early 1975 when the Tropas Nomadas began deserting en masse to the Polisario Front, bringing their weapons and training with them. At this point, the maximum extent of the Polisario Front's manpower included perhaps 800 men, but they were backed by a larger network of supporters. The 1975 United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara, headed by Simeon Aké, concluded that Sahrawi support for independence (as opposed to Spanish rule or integration with a neighboring country) amounted to an "overwhelming consensus" and that the Polisario Front was by far the most powerful political force in the country.
Western Sahara War
The Western Sahara War was an armed conflict, lasting from 1975 to 1991, fought primarily between the Polisario Front and Morocco. The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it agreed to give administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania. The Polisario Front, backed by Algeria and Libya, desiring instead the establishment an independent Sahrawi state in the territory, fought both Mauritania and Morocco in quick succession, in an attempt to drive their forces out of the region. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew its forces from the disputed territory, and the Polisario Front and Morocco reached a ceasefire agreement in 1991. The war resulted in somewhere between 14,000 and 21,000 casualties between both sides.. Some 40,000–80,000 Sahrawi refugees were displaced as a result of the conflict; at present, most still reside in various Sahrawi refugee camps throughout the Tindouf province of Algeria.
First Sahrawi Intifada
The First Sahrawi Intifada began in 1999 and lasted until 2004, transforming into the Independence Intifada in 2005. The First Sahrawi Intifada formed a part of the wider and still ongoing Western Sahara conflict.
Independence Intifada
The Independence Intifada or the Second Sahrawi Intifada (intifada is Arabic for "uprising") and also May Intifada is a Sahrawi activist term for a series of disturbances, demonstrations and riots which broke out in May 2005 in the Moroccan-controlled parts of Western Sahara. During the events one civilian was killed and hundreds wounded.
Gdeim Izik and Arab Spring protests
The Gdeim Izik protest camp was established in Western Sahara on 9 October 2010 and lasted into November, with related incidents occurring in the aftermath of its dismantlement on 8 November 2010. According to Human Rights Watch, the Moroccan security forces moved to dismantle the Gdeim Izik tent camp. Approximately 6,500 tents Sahrawis had erected in early October to protest their social and economic conditions in Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara. While protests were initially peaceful, they were later marked by clashes between civilians and security forces. Eleven security officers and at least two civilians were killed, by official count. Many public and private buildings and vehicles were burned in the city.
In 2011, new protests erupted again on 26 February, as a reaction to the failure of police to prevent anti-Sahrawi looting and rioting in the city of Dakhla, Western Sahara, and blossomed into protests across the territory. These protests are considered the Western Saharan branch of the Arab Spring series of popular demonstrations and uprisings. Despite an initial outburst of support, the 2011 protests largely subsided on their own by May 2011.
End of ceasefire
On 14 November 2020, SADR president Brahim Ghali announced that he had signed a decree bringing the 29 year old ceasefire to an end, citing an incident two days prior in which the Moroccan army forcibly entered a crossing within the buffer zone that was being blocked by protesters—acts which the SADR considered a declaration of war. The SADR claims the Moroccan-built road is illegal, as it was built after the 1991 United Nations-brokered truce. Morocco, however, claims that it will still abide by the ceasefire and alleges that the army was simply trying to re-open the road to traffic. The Sahara Press Service later said that Polisario fighters had attacked Moroccan positions along different parts of the frontline, which stretches hundreds of miles across the desert. The Moroccan government has not yet commented on these claims.
Foreign actors
Algeria
Algeria sees itself as an "important actor" in the conflict, and officially supports the right of the Sahrawi people to self-determination. The efforts invested by Algeria in the Western Sahara conflict, especially at the level of its international relations, are comparable to the ones of an involved party such as Morocco.
Morocco's position is that Algeria is part of the conflict and uses the Sahara issue for geopolitical interests that date from the Cold War, claiming that this country in its official communication to the United Nations "presents itself sometimes as 'a concerned party,' other times as an 'important actor,' or as a 'party' in the settlement of the dispute". The United Nations has only ever officially considered Morocco and the Polisario Front parties to the conflict, however acknowledges that other interests may also be involved.
Although the United Nations officially considers Morocco and the Polisario Front as the main parties to the conflict, former UN Secretary-General Mr. Kofi Annan viewed Algeria as a stakeholder in the Western Sahara conflict and has invited Algeria, "to engage as a party in these discussions and to negotiate, under the auspices of my Kofi Annan's Personal Envoy". In an interview with the Public Broadcasting Service, in August 2004, James Baker, former personal envoy of the United Nations Secretary to Western Sahara, identified Morocco and Algeria as being both the "two chief protagonists" of the conflict. Some third parties have called for both Morocco and Algeria to negotiate directly to find a solution for the conflict. Since the end of 2016, the UN has gathered stakeholders around roundtables organized in Geneva. The main novelty is that Algeria has been invited to these round tables. Algeria has refused to qualify itself as a "stakeholder" and has defined itself as an "observer". The first roundtable was held on 5 and 6 December, while a new roundtable was scheduled for 21 and 22 March.
The refugee camps are located in Algeria and the country has armed, trained, and financed the Polisario for more than thirty years. More than two thousand Moroccan prisoners of war were previously detained on Algerian soil in Polisario camps, but all POWs have since been released.
In response to the Green March and the ongoing disputed status of Western Sahara, Algeria has expropriated the property of and forcibly expelled tens of thousands of Moroccan civilians since 1975. This remains a source of much tension between the two countries.
Even though Algeria has no official claim to Western Sahara, some experts see that the Sahara conflict represents a domestic political issue for the country. Stressing the role played by Algerian officers in allegedly interrogating and torturing the Moroccan POWs, France Libertés states in its report on The Conditions of Detentions of the Moroccan POWs Detained in Tindouf (Algeria) that "the involvement of Algeria in the conflict is well known". In March 2003 Khaled Nezzar, an Algerian retired general, referred to the conflict as being an issue only between Morocco and Algeria.
In January and February 1976, there were direct battles in Amgala between the armies of these two countries.
Morocco claims to have captured "dozens of Algerian officers and non-commissioned officers and soldiers" during these confrontations, but has released them to Algerian authorities.
Spain
In 2011, Spanish Foreign Minister Trinidad Jiménez called for a U.N. committee to evaluate the security situation in the Polisario-controlled refugee camps in Tindouf (Algeria) and probe possible corruption in the distribution of international aid there. The statement by Jiménez came two days after two Spanish aid workers and one Italian were kidnapped by suspected al-Qaeda members in Tindouf, which is under the control of Polisario Front, which seeks the independence of Western Sahara from Morocco.
Arab League
Efforts to gain support in the Arab World for the idea of a Greater Morocco did not receive much support despite efforts in the early 1960s to enlist the Arab League for its cause. Morocco's expansionist ambitions caused strains, including a temporary rupture of relations with Tunisia. The Moroccans have been more successful regarding the Western Sahara. Unlike the Organization of African Unity which has strongly backed Western Sahara's right to self-determination, the Arab League has shown little interest in the area.
Moroccan claims
Morocco has argued that the Polisario Front receives support from Hezbollah, Iran, and al-Qaida. There is no third-party substantiation of these claims.
State of Palestine
In 1979, PFLP Secretary-General George Habash visited Sahrawi refugee camps and also met with Brahim Ghali assuring PFLP's support to Western Sahara's cause.
Other Palestinian Factions though have taken different stance; for example Hamas has maintained close ties with Moroccan Justice and Development Party(JDP) and has also banned activities of Palestinian Committee of solidarity with Sahrawi people in Gaza, since year 2016.
African consulates
In March 2020 Liberia opened a consulate for Morocco in the city of Dakhla, becoming the 10th African country to establish a diplomatic mission to Morocco in Western Sahara effectively recognizing the Moroccan mission in the region. The opening of the consulate was condemned by international representatives of both the Polisario Front and Algeria.
European Union
Members of European Parliament passed the Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement (SFPA) in February 2019 which established an agreement for European Fishing vessels to fish in Moroccan territory and laid out plans for a transition towards a sustainable fishing model. Although the Polisario Front was not involved in the negotiations, the SFPA explicitly allows for European Vessels to fish in the disputed coast of the Western Sahara territory. The NGO Human Rights Watch penned a letter to European Members of Parliament seeking a vote against the proposition, arguing that Morocco has no legal basis to make agreements regarding a disputed territory and is thus illegal under international law. While the text of the agreement claimed that the fisheries will have no impact on the ongoing conflict, the agreement was denounced by various Saharawi groups. After the passing of the agreement a petition signed by leading Saharawi activist organizations in the region was penned to the EU condemning the decision, and the Polisario Front announced it will challenge the vote in the European Court of Justice stating it was in clear violation of international law. This move galvanized Morocco who then passed a law in January 2020 extending its recognized borders across Western Saharan waters.
United States
The Obama administration disassociated itself from the Moroccan autonomy plan in 2009, however, reversing the Bush-backed support of the Moroccan plan, and returning to a pre-Bush position, wherein the option of an independent Western Sahara is on the table again.
In April 2013, the United States proposed that MINURSO monitored human rights (as all the other UN mission since 1991) in Western Sahara, a move that Morocco strongly opposed, cancelling the annual African Lion military exercises with U.S. Army troops. Also in mid-April, United States Ambassador to Morocco Samuel L. Kaplan declared during a conference in Casablanca that the Moroccan autonomy plan "can't be the only basis in these negotiations", referring to the UN sponsored talks between the Polisario Front and Morocco.
On 10 December 2020, President Donald Trump announced that the United States would officially recognize Morocco's claims over Western Sahara, in exchange for Morocco agreeing to normalize relations with Israel.
On 4 December 2020, the United States has recognized Moroccan sovereignty over the entire Western Sahara territory and has reaffirmed its support for Morocco's serious, credible, and realistic autonomy proposal as the only basis for a just and lasting solution to the dispute over the Western Sahara territory. The United States has stated that it believes that an independent Sahrawi State is not a realistic option for resolving the conflict and that genuine autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty is the only feasible solution.
Peace process
Cease fire
The cease fire ending hostilities was officially signed in 1991. Further attempts have since been made to resolve the conflict, but no lasting resolution has been achieved to date. The ceasefire was upheld until 13 November 2020 when the Moroccan army entered into the demilitarized town of Guerguerat, and the Saharawi authorities responded by declaring that the ceasefire was broken and the SPLA armed forces attacked Moroccan army positions along the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall.
Referendum and Houston agreement
The referendum, originally scheduled for 1992, was intended to give the local population of Western Sahara the option between independence or affirming integration with Morocco, but it quickly stalled. In 1997, the Houston Agreement attempted to revive the proposal for a referendum, but likewise has not met with had success. , negotiations over the terms of any potential referendum have not resulted in any substantive action. At the heart of the dispute lies the question of who qualifies as a potential voter; the Polisario has insisted on only allowing those found on the 1974 Spanish Census lists (see below) to vote, while Morocco has insisted that the census was flawed by evasion and sought the inclusion of members of Sahrawi tribes which escape from Spanish invasion to the north of Morocco by the 19th century. Consequently, both sides blame each other for the stalling of the referendum, and little progress is likely to be made in the near future.
Efforts by the UN special envoys to find common ground between both parties did not succeed. By 1999 the UN had identified about 85,000 voters, with nearly half of them in the Moroccan-controlled parts of Western Sahara or Southern Morocco, and the others scattered between the Tindouf refugee camps, Mauritania and other locations throughout the world. The Polisario Front accepted this voter list, as it had done with the previous list presented by the UN (both of them originally based on the Spanish census of 1974), but Morocco refused. As rejected voter candidates began a mass-appeals procedure, the Moroccan government insisted that each application be scrutinized individually. Continuing disputes between the two factions once more brought the process to a halt.
According to a NATO delegation MINURSO election observers stated in 1999 that "if the number of voters does not rise significantly the odds were slightly on the SADR side". By 2001, the process had reached a stalemate, and the UN Secretary-General asked the parties for the first time to explore other solutions. Indeed, shortly after the Houston Agreement (1997), Morocco officially declared that it was "no longer necessary" to include an option of independence on the ballot, offering instead autonomy. Erik Jensen, who played an administrative role in MINURSO, wrote that neither side would agree to a voter registration in which they believed they were destined to lose.
Baker plan
The Baker Plan (formally, Peace Plan for Self-Determination of the People of Western Sahara) was a United Nations initiative led by James Baker to grant self-determination to Western Sahara, and was formulated in the year 2000. It was intended to replace the Settlement Plan of 1991 and the Houston Agreement of 1997, which had effectively failed to make any lasting improvement. Since early 2005, the UN Secretary-General has not referred to the plan in his reports, and by now it seems largely dead. No replacement plan exists, however, and worries persist that the political vacuum will result in renewed fighting. Morocco continues to propose autonomy for the territory as the solution to the conflict, while the Polisario Front insists on nothing other than complete independence.
Moroccan initiative and Manhasset negotiations
In 2006 the Moroccan Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS) proposed a plan for the autonomy of Western Sahara and made visits to a number of countries to explain and gather support for their proposal. Citing the Spanish approach to regional autonomy, the Moroccan government plans to model any future agreement after the cases of the Canary Islands, Basque Country, Andalusia or Catalonia. The plan was presented to the UN Security Council in April 2007, and has received the backing of both the United States of America and France.
On 30 April 2007, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1754, which both urged the involved parties to "enter into direct negotiations without preconditions and in good faith." and extended the MINURSO mission until 31 October 2007. As a result of the passage of this resolution, the parties involved met in Manhasset, New York to once again try and settle the dispute. The talks between the Moroccan government and the Polisario Front were considered the first direct negotiations in seven years between the two parties, and hailed as a landmark in the peace process. Also present at the negotiations were the neighboring countries of Algeria and Mauritania, a nod to the role they play in the ongoing conflict. The first round of talks took place on 18–19 June 2007, during which both parties agreed to resume talks on 10–11 August. After another inconclusive round of talks, the parties finally, on 8–9 January 2008, agreed on "the need to move into a more intensive and substantive phase of negotiations". An additional round of talks was held from 18 to 19 March 2008, but once again no major agreement was reached. The negotiations were supervised by Peter van Walsum, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon's personal envoy for Western Sahara. To date, all negotiations have failed to resolve the dispute.
Peace talks resume
In 2018 the United Nations Security Counsel announced that peace talks regarding the Western Sahara territory would resume and delegates of the Polisario Front, Morocco, Algeria, and Mauritania would all be present.
In April 2020, the Polisario Front publicly condemned the state of the on-going peace talks stating that its inaction legitimized the encroachment of Morocco into the territory. The statement reiterated the Polisario Front's request that the UN organize a free referendum within Western Sahara on their self-governing status. Currently the position of United Nations envoy to Western Sahara is empty and the Security Counsel is actively seeking a replacement.
On 6 October 2021, United Nations Secretary‑General, António Guterres, announced the appointment of Staffan de Mistura as his Personal Envoy for Western Sahara. On 13 January 2022, De Mistura commenced a round of discussions starting with Morocco's Foreign Minister, Nasser Bourita. On 15 January 2022, de Mistura, met with Polisario's head of political organization, Khatri Addouh, in Shahid Al Hafed.
Current situation
Polisario-controlled areas
The Polisario controls about 20–25% of the Western Sahara territory, as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), and claim sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on 27 February 1976, in Bir Lehlu, Western Sahara. Polisario calls the territories under its control the Liberated Territories or the Free Zone, while Morocco controls and administers the rest of the disputed territory and calls these lands its Southern Provinces. The SADR government considers the Moroccan-held territory occupied territory, while Morocco considers the much smaller SADR held territory to be a buffer zone.
In addition, the Polisario Front has a full autonomous control of the Sahrawi refugee camps. The refugee camps were set up in the Tindouf Province, Algeria in 1975–76 for the benefit of Sahrawi refugees fleeing from Moroccan forces during the Western Sahara War. With most refugees still living in the camps, the refugee situation is among the most protracted worldwide. Most affairs and camp life organization is run by the refugees themselves, with little outside interference. Women have been "responsible for much of the administration of the camps."
Moroccan Wall
The Western Sahara Berm, also known as the Moroccan Wall, is an approximately 2,700 km-long defensive structure consisting primarily of sand running through Western Sahara and the southeastern portion of Morocco. It acts as a separation barrier between the Moroccan-controlled areas and the Polisario-controlled section of the territory (the SADR). According to maps from MINURSO or the UNHCR, part of the wall extends several kilometers into internationally recognized Mauritanian territory. According to Pascal Bongard, program director at Geneva Call, between five and ten million land mines have been laid in the areas around the wall.
As early as 1979, the idea of a defensive wall has been an obvious one for the Moroccan authorities. Constructed in six stages, from 1980 to 1987, five 'breaches' along the wall allow Moroccan troops the right of pursuit. The Polisario call the Berm the "wall of shame" while Morocco calls it a "defensive wall", "wall of sand" or "security wall".
Human rights
The Western Sahara conflict has resulted in severe human rights abuses, most notably the aerial bombardments with napalm and white phosphorus of the Sahrawi refugee camps, the exodus of tens of thousands of Sahrawi civilians from the country, and the forced expropriation and expulsion of tens of thousands of Moroccan expatriate civilians by the Algerian government in reaction to the Green March. The conflict has witnessed numerous violations of human rights and serious breaches of the Geneva convention on the part of all involved parties; the Polisario Front, the Moroccan government and the Algerian government among them.
Media censorship
Several international human rights organizations have accused the Moroccan government of imposing a media blackout in the region by targeting protestors and journalists. A report by French non-profit Reporters Without Borders (RSF) which tracks the suppression of journalism around the world reported on a systematic targeting of journalists within Western Sahara and argued that the blocking of foreign media access to the region has made it difficult to receive accurate and consistent reporting from inside the disputed territory.
In 2019 Amnesty International called for an investigation into a violent crackdown on protestors that took place on 19 July, in the city of Laayoune. The protests began as celebrations for Algeria's win in the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, and eventually escalated into demonstrations for Sahrawi self-determination and clashes with Moroccan security forces. Footage from the clashes shows security forces using rocks, tear gas and live ammunition to disperse protestors. The clashes led to the arrest of dozens of protestors and one death.
Human Rights Watch has also been critical of the treatment of journalists during this conflict. In 2019 they accused the government of using Article 381 of Morocco's penal code to restrict freedom of the press. Article 381 restricts citizens from claiming a profession without meeting the necessary qualifications. Human Rights Watch called on the Moroccan government to amend the article to ensure it did not apply to journalists. On 4 December 2018 Moroccan forces arrested Nezha El Khalidi under Article 381 for live-streaming a Sahrawi protest and subsequently failing to meet the qualifications of a journalist. Spanish news agency Europa Press later criticized Moroccan authorities for expelling international observers from the public trail.
in June 2019, a video of Moroccan authorities violently dragging and beating prominent Sahrawi journalist Walid Al-Batal circulated across the internet. The video inspired condemnation from international rights groups who called for an investigation to be made and for Al-Batal to be released. Moroccan authorities rebutted the condemnation saying Al-Batal had crashed into a police car and resisted arrest, however these claims were disputed in an investigation on the incident published by The Washington Post. Al-Batal was sentenced to six years in prison.
The Polisario Front has also been accused of suppressing media freedoms within its territories. In July 2019 the Polisario Front arrested three Saharawi activists within the refugee camps for criticizing the Polisario Front's governance in Facebook Posts. Human Rights Watch called for the release of the political prisoners reporting that they had been held in harsh conditions and tortured to sign confessions, a direct violation of international law.
In the 2020 World Press Freedom Rankings reported on the treatment of journalists and independent media outlets in Morocco and Western Sahara rating it 133rd out of 180 countries. The country received a low score of 42.88 out of 100 citing the continued "judicial harassment" of the media.
See also
List of modern conflicts in North Africa
Mohammed VI of Morocco
References
Works cited
Further reading
The mission's final report is archived in the General Assembly Official Records.
United Nations Visiting Mission to Spanish Sahara, 1975, General Assembly, 30th Session, Supplement 23, UN DocumentA/10023/Rev.
Tony Hodges (1983), Western Sahara: The Roots of a Desert War, Lawrence Hill Books ()
Anthony G. Pazzanita and Tony Hodges (1994), Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara, Scarecrow Press ()
External links
In Western Sahara, a forgotten struggle The Washington Post video, 12 July 2013
Chronology of the Saharawi struggle (BBC)
20th-century conflicts
21st-century conflicts
Wars involving Morocco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Sahara%20conflict |
Balki Bartokomous is a fictional character played by Bronson Pinchot in the television sitcom Perfect Strangers. He is from the fictional island of Mypos, which is near Greece and is based on Greek culture.
Character history
Pinchot was first approached by producers Tom Miller and Robert Boyett to play the role of an immigrant to the United States in a show tentatively titled "The Greenhorn." He initially refused, not wanting to play another character similar to "Serge"—his role in Beverly Hills Cop, who also has an unusual accent. He reconsidered after returning from a trip to Greece and decided to base the character and the fictional island of Mypos on the people he encountered in the villages of Greece. Pinchot came up with the name Balki, after his sister's dog that she named "Balcony" and ended up calling him "Balcy" for short.
Personality
Balki was born and raised on the fictional Greek-like island of Mypos, where he eked out a living as a shepherd and dreamed of a better life in the United States. Balki is a naive, optimistic, well-meaning person. Pinchot once said of his character, "...he looks at the world like a four-year-old [and] sees the world as benevolent". The traits, along with his ignorance of American culture, sometimes get Balki into difficult or dangerous situations, with his cousin Larry Appleton invariably coming to his rescue. However, Larry soon realizes that for all of Balki's naivety and cultural malapropisms, he otherwise is a very intelligent and courageous man of many talents who often saves the day himself.
Mypos, as described by Balki, was a somewhat strange land, with many bizarre customs and traditions. One episode had Larry going duck hunting and the normally gentle Balki surprisingly asks to come along, out of intense hatred for ducks, which are regarded as vicious predators on Mypos. The description he gives of the ducks on Mypos later in the episode, however, implies that in fact Archaeopteryx still exists on the island. It is also described as being something of a primitive, backward place, with Larry once mentioning that the whole country had just one telephone (with call-waiting) and only the royal family had indoor plumbing.
Balki's keen sheep-keeping skills and his fondness for a stuffed sheep named Dimitri are referenced throughout the series. For example, in the seventh season episode "Dimitri's World", Larry and Balki begin writing a cartoon strip for the Chicago Chronicle based on his stuffed sheep. Balki reveals that the stuffed sheep is made from the wool of a sheep also named Dimitri, who died saving him from being run over by a carriage. In the episode, "Falling in Love Is...," Dimitri is dressed and posed in a way to reflect what is going on. Balki puts out a bowl of wax lips for his date with Carol, throughout the episode, Dimitri also wears a pair of wax lips. Also in season 7, Dimitri's picture is seen on their mantel.
Relationship to other characters
When the series began, Balki arrived in America to live with his distant cousin Larry Appleton, carrying his meager possessions in a trunk quaintly labeled "America or Burst". A scene depicting this trunk is shown during the opening credits throughout the run of the show, although it was somewhat shortened from season 3 on. In the first scene of the pilot, he appears on his Cousin Larry's doorstep in Chicago, explaining that he had gone to Madison, Wisconsin to find Larry, only to find that Larry had just moved to Chicago. The pilot to Perfect Strangers was originally filmed with comedian Louie Anderson as the Cousin Larry character; however the role was recast with Mark Linn-Baker playing the part, and the original pilot never aired.
Balki is very close to his mother, whom he calls "Mamma", and talks about her regularly throughout the series. She was an unseen character until she appeared in the season 7 episode (Citizenship), but Balki spoke of her often in the series. In "Citizenship", Balki's mother (also played by Pinchot) came to the United States to see Balki become an American citizen (though due to a mistranslation on Larry's part, Balki's mother originally thought she was coming to see Balki get his driver's license). When Balki's mother learned that he was becoming an American citizen, she was hurt because she had hoped that Balki would return to Mypos. Balki's mother gave Balki a "chicken foot" with a missing toe, which meant that unless he did what his mother wished, she would disown him. Balki returned to Mypos, but Larry followed him to convince Balki's mother to let Balki return to the United States. Balki did so and became an American citizen. Balki has also mentioned Uncle Stavros many times in the series.
In a season 2 episode (Hunks Like Us), Balki met his girlfriend Mary Anne Spencer at a health club. They eventually get married in the season 7 finale. In the first part of the series finale (Up, Up, and Away), Mary Anne gave birth to their son, Robespierre-Boinki Bartokomous.
Sam Gorpley (Balki's employer for seasons 3-7) was often abusive toward Balki. Gorpley initially planned to hire his nephew to work in the mail room; but the nephew was not available, so the editor Harry Burns gave Balki the job. This made Gorpley try to find an excuse to fire Balki so that he could give the job to his nephew.
Occupation
Many scenes of Perfect Strangers took place in Larry and Balki's workplace. In the pilot (Knock Knock... Who's There), Larry got Balki a job at the Ritz Discount store, where he was already employed. They worked for teh criminal manager Donald Twinkacetti for the first two seasons. In season 3, after Larry got a job at the Chicago Chronicle, Balki began working for the mailroom for the chronicle. Larry and Balki both worked in the same room in the basement of the chronicle. Balki worked for Sam Gorpley who regularly insulted Balki. In the season 7 episode (Dimitri's World), Balki and Larry are promoted at the Chicago Chronicle. The two of them worked together writing Dimitri's World, a comic strip about Balki's beloved sheep. They worked on another floor after their promotion so this meant a new setting for scenes set in their workplace, but the room in the basement was still occasionally used in later episodes.
A few episodes of the series focused on Balki's education. In the first two seasons, Balki mentioned attending night school to earn his high school diploma. His graduation was the plot of the season 3 episode "The Graduate", where he was valedictorian. The season 4 episode College Bound was a flashback episode based on the characters discussing whether Larry's guidance for Balki has been good or bad while waiting to hear if Balki has been accepted into a Chicago City College. At the end of the episode, Balki said he had been accepted. In the episode "Teacher's Pest" toward the end of season 4, Balki took a journalism class taught by Larry. The plot of the season 6 episode "See How They Run" was his unsuccessful campaign for student body president.
The Dance of Joy
In the show, whenever Balki is immensely pleased by something, he does the "Dance of Joy" with Larry. It is always preceded by Balki exclaiming, "Now, that we are so happy, we do the dance of joy!" The dance consists of leg kicks, jumping and alternating chants of "Hey," ending with Larry jumping into Balki's arms.
Catchphrases
Balki's favorite sayings include "Well, of course not; don't be ridiculous!" and "Get out of the city!". Frequently he uses the Myposian epithet "Babashtiki!" which can either mean lying or a gross substance, depending on the case. He also has a habit of creating "Balki-isms" in which he slightly mangles common American idioms and slang(Ex: "You are starting to flea and tick me off!" from 'Games People Play', Season 4).
References
Television characters introduced in 1986
Fictional immigrants to the United States
Fictional characters from Chicago
Television sidekicks
Fictional Greek people in television
Fictional shepherds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balki%20Bartokomous |
Balki may refer to:
Bałki, a village in Poland
R. Balki, Indian film director and advertising executive
Balki Bartokomous, a fictional character on the television show Perfect Strangers
Balki 'the Young' Pálsson, a character in the Old Norse saga Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar
See also
Balkhi (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balki |
Thomas B. Wilner (born 1944) is the managing partner of Shearman & Sterling's International Trade and Global Relations Practice. Wilner has also represented the high-profile human rights cases of a dozen Kuwaiti citizens detained in the United States naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
Wilner earned his law degree in 1969 from the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
Wilner has been admitted to the bar in a number of jurisdictions, including the US Supreme Court in 1975.
Career
The Washington Post published an op-ed by Wilner on January 1, 2008. He noted:
Wilner has been critical of the conditions under which the US holds Guantanamo detainees.
Wilner also reported that interrogators have warned Guantanamo captives that the Guantanamo attorneys were all Jewish, and they couldn't trust them.
On September 19, 2008 the Washington Post published a letter to the editor from Wilner in reply to a recent editorial on whether the Congress should pass legislation on how the Justice system should conduct captives' habeas corpus appeals. The United States Supreme Court's ruling in Boumediene v. Bush had overturned Congress's proscription on allowing captives access to the US justice system.
Senators Lindsey Graham and Joe Lieberman had introduced a bill "..to mandate the procedures the courts must follow in the habeas hearings for Guantanamo Bay detainees." The Washington Posts editorial had applauded the Senator's proposed bill. Wilner's letter expressed concern that the bill was unnecessary, and could:
References
1944 births
Living people
Guantanamo Bay attorneys
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Wilner |
Wazirzada (meaning son of Wazir) are descendants of the Grand Wazirs of the Sadduzai Dynasty in Afghanistan. Wazirzadas are Sadozai Durranis; also a sub tribe of Popalzais and therefore belong to the Abdali or Durrani group of Pashtun tribes.
References
Further reading
Brig.(R) Rashid, Haroon (2002). History of Phatans.Vol1; The Sarabani Phatans: Printo Graphics, Islamabad, Pakistan. (arguably the most authentic account of the History of Pathans in general and of Wazirzadas in particular.)
Saddozai, Wazirzada Abdul Qaiyum Khan (2000). A History of the Saddozai Kings of Afghanistan. Faqir Jan Printing Press Peshawar
Wg.Cdr.(R) Saddozai, Sardar Ahmed Shah Jan. Saddozai Kings & Viziers of Afghanistan 1747 - 1842 and Vazier Usman Khan Kamran Khel's Progeny: The Sardar Khel's of Peshawar.
Noble titles
Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Durrani Pashtun tribes
Social groups of Afghanistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazirzada |
Reinfried Herbst (born 11 October 1978 in Salzburg) is a retired slalom skier from Austria. Herbst won the silver medal for the men's slalom event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
On 11 March 2006 he won his first World Cup race in Shigakogen Slalom. He was 8th in the slalom World Cup standings after the 2006 season. In July, 2006 he injured his knee in a charity soccer game.
After two victories in the 2008 season he finished 3rd in the slalom world cup.
World Cup results
Season titles
Season standings
Race podiums
9 wins (9 Slalom)
16 podiums (16 Slalom)
Olympic results
World Championships results
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Salzburg
Skiers from Salzburg (state)
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Austria
Austrian male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for Austria
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup champions
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinfried%20Herbst |
In computer science, query throughput (QthD) is a measurement used to determine the performance of a database system. The throughput metric is a classical throughput measure characterizing the ability of the system to support a multi-user workload in a balanced way.
Background
In the background there is an update stream that runs a series of insert/delete operations (one pair for each query user). The choice of the number of users is at the discretion of the test sponsor.
The throughput metric is computed as the total amount of work (S×17), converted to hours from seconds (3600 seconds per hour), scaled by the database volume (SF) and divided by the total elapsed time (Ts) required between the first query starting and the last query or update function completing.
Therefore, the complete formulation is:
References
Computer performance
Temporal rates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query%20throughput |
Dipterocarpus applanatus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo.
References
applanatus
Endemic dipterocarps of Borneo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpus%20applanatus |
Henry John Aguirre (January 31, 1931 – September 5, 1994), commonly known as Hank Aguirre, was an American professional baseball player and business entrepreneur. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a left-handed pitcher from 1955 to 1970, most prominently for the Detroit Tigers where he was a two-time All-Star player and, was the American League ERA leader in 1962. Aguirre also played for the Cleveland Indians, Los Angeles Dodgers and the Chicago Cubs. After his athletic career, he went on to become a successful businessman in Detroit, Michigan. His last name was typically pronounced "ah-GEAR-ee."
Youth in California
Nicknamed "Mex" because he was of Mexican descent, Aguirre was born on January 31, 1931, in Azusa, California, to Jenny Alva, who was born in Los Angeles Ca, and Jose Aguirre. Jose was born in Jalisco, Mexico in 1902 and emigrated with his family during the time of the Mexican Revolution. Jose and Jenny had seven children.
In his youth, Hank Aguirre worked for his father's business, the Aguirre Tortillas Factory in San Gabriel. He made, packaged and delivered tortillas. At 4 a.m., the young Aguirre would make deliveries — mostly running — before school. He graduated from Mark Keppel High School in Alhambra, California, in 1949, but his "goofy feet" (his words) prevented him from being selected to be part of the baseball team. He graduated from East Los Angeles College in 1951.
Pitching career
As a rookie for the Cleveland Indians in 1956, Aguirre struck out Boston Red Sox legend Ted Williams the first time he faced him. After the game, Aguirre asked Williams to autograph the ball. Reluctantly, Williams complied. A couple of weeks later Aguirre faced Williams again. This time the "Splendid Splinter" smashed Aguirre's first offering for a home run. While circling the bases, Williams yelled to Aguirre, "Get that ball, and I'll sign it, too."
He pitched in the big leagues for 16 years for four different teams. Before the 1958 season began, Aguirre was traded to the Detroit Tigers, where he remained for 10 years from 1958 to 1967. Aguirre was principally a relief pitcher until 1962. During a 1962 game at Yankee Stadium, Tigers manager Bob Scheffing used him as a starter when Don Mossi had arm trouble. Scheffing wanted a left-hander to pitch against the Yankees, and he chose Aguirre. Aguirre joined the Tigers starting rotation and finished the 1962 season with a 2.21 earned run average (ERA) in 42 games (22 as a starter), the best in Detroit since Hal Newhouser in 1946. Having pitched over 100 innings (216 in total) for the first time in his career, Aguirre led the Major Leagues in ERA (0.33 points lower than Sandy Koufax who was second best), won 16 games, and was selected to the American League All-Star team. He also led the American League in WHIP (walks plus hits per innings pitched) with a 1.051 average. Aguirre also finished 17th in the 1962 American League Most Valuable Player voting.
Aguirre lost his spot in the Tigers starting rotation in 1966, and returned to the bullpen. Before the start of the 1968 season, Aguirre was traded by the Tigers to the Los Angeles Dodgers for a player to be named later. In one season with the Dodgers, Aguirre allowed only three runs in 39 innings for a 0.69 ERA. Despite the good season, Aguirre was released by the Dodgers and spent the final two seasons of his big league career pitching for Leo Durocher's Chicago Cubs, where he was a combined 4–0 in 1969 and 1970.
In 16 MLB seasons, Aguirre finished with a record of 75–72 in 1,375 innings pitched, with 856 strikeouts and an ERA of 3.24.
Aguirre spent three years (1972–74) as a coach for the Cubs. He was initially hired as the team's bench coach, tasked with serving as an intermediary between irascible manager Leo Durocher, his players and the Chicago media. The post was created in the aftermath of a player revolt against Durocher in 1971. After Durocher's firing in July 1972, Aguirre continued on the Cubs' staff as bullpen coach (1973) and pitching coach (1974). He managed in the Oakland Athletics' organization in 1975–76.
Batting
Aguirre had a reputation as one of baseball's worst-hitting pitchers. He had an .085 lifetime average, going 33-for-388 at the plate, with no home runs, striking out 236 times while drawing 14 walks.
Post-baseball career
In 1979, with the encouragement and support of Jack Masterson, an executive with Volkswagen of America, and attorney John Noonan, Aguirre founded Mexican Industries, Inc. The company, based in Detroit, operated as a labor-intensive, minority-oriented enterprise that supplied specialized parts to American automobile manufacturers. After a difficult start, Mexican Industries thrived during the 1980s, becoming a multimillion-dollar business and creating hundreds of jobs (primarily for the Hispanics of southwestern Detroit's "Mexicantown"). In 1987 Aguirre was named "Businessman of the Year" by the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.
Aguirre died on September 5, 1994, following a two-year battle with prostate cancer. He is buried in San Gabriel in the churchyard of the (Roman Catholic) Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, "where he worshiped as a boy."
Upon his death, control of the privately owned company Aguirre had founded passed to his adult children. In 1999, Mexican Industries, Inc., was unionized (following several unsuccessful attempts over the previous two decades) by the United Auto Workers labor union under Bob King. In 2001, the firm filed for bankruptcy, laid off its workers, and subsequently closed its doors. According to union activists, "Workers blame[d] the owners, not only for hostility toward their union but for mismanaging the company."
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
References
Further reading
Copley, Robert E. The Tall Mexican: The Life of Hank Aguirre — All-Star Pitcher, Businessman, Humanitarian. Houston: Piñata Books/Arte Público Press (1998).
External links
1931 births
1994 deaths
People from Azusa, California
American baseball players of Mexican descent
American League All-Stars
American League ERA champions
Bakersfield Indians players
Baseball players from Los Angeles County, California
Deaths from cancer in Michigan
Charleston Senators players
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Cleveland Indians players
Deaths from prostate cancer
Detroit Tigers announcers
Detroit Tigers players
Duluth Dukes players
Indianapolis Indians players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Minor league baseball managers
Peoria Chiefs players
Reading Indians players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Screwball pitchers
Mark Keppel High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank%20Aguirre |
Kirsten Cooke (born 4 October 1952) is an English stage actress who trained at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, London. Almost all of her acting work has been in comedy, notably in the BBC television series 'Allo 'Allo!.
Early life
Cooke attended Horsham High School for Girls (now Tanbridge House School), a girls grammar school.
Career
She is best known for her role as resistance fighter Michelle Dubois in the British television series 'Allo 'Allo!, produced by the BBC. Her character is associated with what is probably the show’s most durable catchphrase, “Listen very carefully - I shall say this only once”. Before then, Cooke was an occasional member of the ensemble of comedy actors who appeared in Dave Allen's sketches across several of his BBC series. She also starred in several episodes of the BBC children's comedy series ChuckleVision.
Her other television credits include Woolcott, Rings on Their Fingers, The Dawson Watch, The Upper Hand and Down to Earth. She also appeared as a panellist on Blankety Blank in 1984.
External links
English television actresses
Living people
1952 births
People from Cuckfield
Actresses from Sussex
Alumni of the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art
English stage actresses
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
British comedy actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirsten%20Cooke |
Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine. The word Etchemin is thought to be either French alteration of an Algonquian word for 'canoe' or a translation of Skidijn, the native word for people in use by the inhabitants of the St. John, Passamaquoddy and St. Croix Rivers.
The only known record of the Etchemin language is a list of the numbers from one to ten recorded by Marc Lescarbot in the early 17th century and published in his book The History of New France (1609). The numerals in the list match those of Malecite-Passamaquoddy, Eastern Abenaki, as well as languages of southern New England such as Wampanoag, but as a set they do not match any other Algonquian language. The Etchemin language disappeared not long after Lescarbot's visit, and it is unknown what became of the tribe. All other language records called 'Etchemin', under more detailed analysis, appear to be the neighboring Malecite-Passamaquoddy language.
References
External links
Linguist List entry for Etchemin
Native-languages.org
OLAC resources in and about the Etchemin language
Eastern Algonquian languages
Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands
Languages of the United States
Extinct languages of North America
Languages attested from the 17th century
17th-century establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Languages extinct in the 17th century
17th-century disestablishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Indigenous languages of North America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etchemin%20language |
Application virtualization software refers to both application virtual machines and software responsible for implementing them. Application virtual machines are typically used to allow application bytecode to run portably on many different computer architectures and operating systems. The application is usually run on the computer using an interpreter or just-in-time compilation (JIT). There are often several implementations of a given virtual machine, each covering a different set of functions.
Comparison of virtual machines
JavaScript machines not included. See List of ECMAScript engines to find them.
The table here summarizes elements for which the virtual machine designs are intended to be efficient, not the list of abilities present in any implementation.
Virtual machine instructions process data in local variables using a main model of computation, typically that of a stack machine, register machine, or random access machine often called the memory machine. Use of these three methods is motivated by different tradeoffs in virtual machines vs physical machines, such as ease of interpreting, compiling, and verifying for security.
Memory management in these portable virtual machines is addressed at a higher level of abstraction than in physical machines. Some virtual machines, such as the popular Java virtual machines (JVM), are involved with addresses in such a way as to require safe automatic memory management by allowing the virtual machine to trace pointer references, and disallow machine instructions from manually constructing pointers to memory. Other virtual machines, such as LLVM, are more like traditional physical machines, allowing direct use and manipulation of pointers. Common Intermediate Language (CIL) offers a hybrid in between, allowing both controlled use of memory (like the JVM, which allows safe automatic memory management), while also allowing an 'unsafe' mode that allows direct pointer manipulation in ways that can violate type boundaries and permission.
Code security generally refers to the ability of the portable virtual machine to run code while offering it only a prescribed set of abilities. For example, the virtual machine might only allow the code access to a certain set of functions or data. The same controls over pointers which make automatic memory management possible and allow the virtual machine to ensure typesafe data access are used to assure that a code fragment is only allowed to certain elements of memory and cannot bypass the virtual machine itself. Other security mechanisms are then layered on top as code verifiers, stack verifiers, and other methods.
An interpreter allows programs made of virtual instructions to be loaded and run immediately without a potentially costly compile into native machine instructions. Any virtual machine which can be run can be interpreted, so the column designation here refers to whether the design includes provisions for efficient interpreting (for common usage).
Just-in-time compilation (JIT), refers to a method of compiling to native instructions at the latest possible time, usually immediately before or during the running of the program. The challenge of JIT is more one of implementation than of virtual machine design, however, modern designs have begun to make considerations to help efficiency. The simplest JIT methods simply compile to a code fragment similar to an offline compiler. However, more complex methods are often employed, which specialize compiled code fragments to parameters known only at runtime (see Adaptive optimization).
Ahead-of-time compilation (AOT) refers to the more classic method of using a precompiler to generate a set of native instructions which do not change during the runtime of the program. Because aggressive compiling and optimizing can take time, a precompiled program may launch faster than one which relies on JIT alone for execution. JVM implementations have mitigated this startup cost by initial interpreting to speed launch times, until native code fragments can be generated by JIT.
Shared libraries are a facility to reuse segments of native code across multiple running programs. In modern operating systems, this generally means using virtual memory to share the memory pages containing a shared library across different processes which are protected from each other via memory protection. It is interesting that aggressive JIT methods such as adaptive optimization often produce code fragments unsuitable for sharing across processes or successive runs of the program, requiring a tradeoff be made between the efficiencies of precompiled and shared code and the advantages of adaptively specialized code. For example, several design provisions of CIL are present to allow for efficient shared libraries, possibly at the cost of more specialized JIT code. The JVM implementation on OS X uses a Java Shared Archive to provide some of the benefits of shared libraries.
Comparison of application virtual machine implementations
In addition to the portable virtual machines described above, virtual machines are often used as an execution model for individual scripting languages, usually by an interpreter. This table lists specific virtual machine implementations, both of the above portable virtual machines, and of scripting language virtual machines.
See also
Application virtualization
Language binding
Foreign function interface
Calling convention
Name mangling
Application programming interface (API)
Application binary interface (ABI)
Comparison of platform virtualization software
List of ECMAScript engines
WebAssembly
References
application virtualization software
pt:Comparação entre aplicações de virtualização de máquinas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20application%20virtualization%20software |
An ammunition technician (AT) is a British Army soldier, formerly of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps but since 1993 of the Royal Logistic Corps, trained to inspect, repair, test, store, and modify all ammunition, guided missiles, and explosives used by the British Army. These technicians are also trained to use demolition to safely dispose of individual items of ammunition and explosives (EODs) or to conduct logistics disposal of bulk stocks of multi items. After gaining sufficient experience, those who show the appropriate qualities are given extra training to render safe improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by a process called improvised explosive device disposal. Experienced ATs may be called to give evidence as expert witnesses in criminal or coroner's courts in relation to ammunition or explosives or to EOD and IEDD duties.
History
Within the Royal Army Ordnance Corps, the receipt into service, storage, examination and issue of ammunition was possibly the oldest and most important function of the Corps. War could not be waged without ammunition, and to be waged successfully the ammunition had to be in every respect serviceable and dependable. The trade were previously called Ammunition Examiners (AE) and it was in the safeguarding of ammunition stockpiles during the wars that the Ammunition Examiner proved his worth. Promotion however was limited up to Warrant Officer Class 2 and at this stage the AE had to re-muster in the trade of RAOC Clerk in order to obtain higher rank. In 1948, the increased responsibility of the ammunition organization in Ordnance Services and in order to use the experience of these highly skilled tradesmen both as Warrant Officers and as Officers, the RAOC decided that promotion to WO1 would be introduced. RAOC Instruction No 466 introduced a new type of Quartermaster commission into the Royal Army Ordnance Corps to permit the Warrant Officer Ammunition Examiner being commissioned within the sphere of his normal employment on ammunition duties. These commissioned WOs would be called Assistant Inspecting Ordnance Officers (AIOOs).
Training
Training was initially undertaken at Bramley in Hampshire at the School of Ammunition. However the school moved to Kineton in 1974. To qualify to attend the Ammunition Technician Class 2 course, a soldier must first pass a pre-select course, during which time they will be assessed for suitability for role. The pre-selection includes psychometric testing, leadership skills, problem solving, resource planning and numeracy tests.
The basic AT course is 9 months in duration, the first part of which is spent at The Royal Military College of Science. The instruction within the Defence College of Management and Technology forms the first phase of the 9-month course. The aim of the first part is to provide the scientific and technical basis for further training in ammunition and explosives. The syllabus is an integrated study of mathematics, ballistics, explosives and general chemistry, physics, metallurgy, electronics and the design of armoured vehicles, artillery and infantry weapons. Time is also spent on nuclear, biological and chemical weapons design and the related protection systems. The remainder of the course covers conventional land munitions, explosive demolitions, conventional munitions disposal, guided weapons and explosive theory and safety. The majority of the course takes place at the Defence EOD Munitions Search Training Regiment (DEMS Trg Regt). Training previously took place at the Defence EOD Munitions Search School Kineton, DEMSS Kineton, and before that the Army School of Ammunition.
After 3 years gaining experience in trade, these technicians will be selected to return to Kineton to attend their Class 2 to Class 1 Upgrading Course, a 3-month course to broaden their technical knowledge and ability in munitions incident investigations, large scale demolitions and the disposal of chemical and biological munitions.
The Royal Logistic Corps Ammunition Technicians trained at Kineton are regarded throughout the world as the subject matter experts in the management of munitions and in Improvised Explosive Device (IED) disposal as a result of their combined experience in Palestine, Cyprus, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, Iraq, Afghanistan, Aden, Malaya and other conflicts.
Commissioned officers are known as Ammunition Technical Officers and for the Sandhurst entrant, they complete a 17-month technical course in the rank of captain. ATs that become commissioned later in their service are also referred to as ATOs and will be granted the ato qualification by a testing board based on their experience, knowledge and competence.
Scope of Work
ATs are employed within the Royal Logistic Corps of the British Army and are the technical experts in storing and processing ammunition in base depots or field storage sites at home or on operations where safety in storage is paramount to overall force protection. Being an Ammunition Technician calls for intelligence, clear thinking and analytical skills, a calm outlook coupled with excellent attention to detail, discipline and courage. ATs develop specialist skills to look after the MoDs global stockpiles of ammunition by carrying out surveillance tasks, testing, inspecting, maintaining and disposing of all sorts of ammunition, from bullet clips, anti-aircraft guided weapon systems, mines, mortars, tank rounds and aircraft bombs. The Ammunition Technician profession is not exclusive to the UK MoD but similar technical personnel also exist in the Canadian, Australian RAAOC, and New Zealand RNZALR. Ammunition Technicians trained at the Defence EOD Munitions Search School, Kineton also work on loan service engagements in a number of African, Far Eastern and Middle Eastern armed forces.
In the United Kingdom, bomb disposal is carried out by two of three services (Royal Navy, and the Royal Logistic Corps and Royal Engineers of the British Army). The majority of counter terrorist bomb disposal and conventional munitions disposal activity in the UK is carried out by the Ammunition Technicians of the Royal Logistic Corps, the Royal Navy Clearance Divers deal with items below the high water mark and underwater tasks. The Royal Engineers deal with minefields, conventional, and German WWII aircraft bombs that occasionally turn up.
Operational Honours
The trade of Ammunition Technician is one of the most highly decorated professions in the British Army. The trade has been awarded 231 British gallantry awards as follows:
George Cross - 9
George Medal - 80
Conspicuous Gallantry Cross - 1
Military Cross - 3
Queen's Gallantry Medal - 100
MBE for Gallantry - 14
BEM for Gallantry - 23
In addition, Ammunition Technicians and Ammunition Technical Officers have also received almost 200 Mention in Dispatches, King's or Queen's Commendations for Bravery.
A further 100 awards of the MBE and BEM have been made to Ammunition Technicians for distinguished service within their trade.
These decorations have been awarded since 1940 and in places such as Aden, Afghanistan, Albania, Burma, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Great Britain, Greece, Hong Kong, Iraq, Italy, Kuwait, Malaya, Malta, Northern Ireland, Pacific, Sicily and Yugoslavia.
George Cross
Staff Sergeant Sydney Rogerson GC. Royal Army Ordnance Corps. 11 October 1946.
Warrant Officer Class 1 Barry Johnson GC Royal Army Ordnance Corps. 6 November 1990
Staff Sergeant Olaf Sean Schmid GC Royal Logistic Corps 19 March 2010
Staff Sergeant Kim Spencer Hughes GC Royal Logistic Corps 19 March 2010
George Medal
Sergeant FW Pearce GM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 1944.
Sergeant AT Taylor GM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 8 March 1957.
Warrant Officer Class 2 BJC Reid GM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 1966.
Sergeant AE Dedman GM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 1972.
Warrant Officer Class 1 PES Gurney GM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 1973. Peter Gurney was later awarded a bar to his GM as a civilian.
Sergeant JA Anderson GM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 1980.
Warrant Officer Class 1 JRT Balding GM Royal Logistic Corps 1993, first GM awarded to member of the newly formed Royal Logistic Corps.
Warrant Officer Class 1 NB Thomsen GM Royal Logistic Corps 1995.
Warrant Officer Class 2 A Islam GM QGM Royal Logistic Corps 1997.
Warrant Officer Class 2 G O'Donnell Royal Logistic Corps 2006 and 2009. Posthumously awarded a second GM in March 2009 for "repeated and sustained acts of immense bravery" in Afghanistan.
Warrant Officer Class 2 K Ley GM Royal Logistic Corps 24 September 2010
Conspicuous Gallantry Cross
Staff Sergeant James Anthony Wadsworth CGC Royal Logistic Corps. 7 March 2008
Military Cross
Staff Sergeant Gareth Wood MC Royal Logistic Corps 24 September 2010
Queen's Gallantry Medal
Warrant Officer Class 1 Richard Gill QGM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 7 October 1974
Staff Sergeant Arthur Burns QGM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 6 January 1975
Warrant Officer Class 1 Thomas Edward Robinson QGM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 16 July 1975
Warrant Officer Class 2 Kevin Callaghan GM QGM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 20 October 1980
Warrant Officer Class 1 Ernest Lenard Bienkowski QGM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 14 April 1987
Warrant Officer Class 1 Robert John McLelland QGM, Royal Logistic Corps. 21 November 1994
WO1 Eamon Conrad Heakin QGM and Bar, BSM, Royal Logistic Corps. 7 September 2004. Eamon Heakin was later awarded a bar to his QGM in 2008 along with the Bronze Star Medal.
Warrant Officer Class 2 Colin Robert George Grant QGM, Royal Logistic Corps 11 September 2009
Warrant Officer Class 2 Ian Trevor Grey QGM Royal Army Ordnance Corps 14 April 1980
MBE for Gallantry
WO2 Henry Albert Vaughan MBE RAOC 16 February 1968.
WO1 Stanley Gordon Woods MBE RAOC 10 May 1968.
WO1 Frederick William Wood MBE RAOC 12 November 1968.
BEM for Gallantry
Sergeant Gordon Epps BEM RAOC 31 December 1946
WO2 Donald Frederick Tildesley BEM RAOC 4 November 1949.
Sergeant Donald Lawrence Birch BEM RAOC 10 May 1968.
Staff Sergeant David Greenaway BEM RAOC 18 Mar 1974.
RAOC/RLC EOD Memorial
Although a highly decorated trade, the price of recognition for Ammunition Technicians and Ammunition Technical Officers has been high. The Ammunition Technician trade has lost a number of their colleagues killed in action whilst undertaking operational Explosive Ordnance Disposal tasks worldwide. Ammunition Technicians proudly have their own memorial at Marlborough Barracks, Temple Herdewyke in Warwickshire, the home of the trade.
The idea of a memorial was initiated by the senior Warrant Officers of the trade and supported by the Director of Land Service Ammunition and his staff. A RAOC EOD Memorial Working Party was set up and reported progress to the Director General of Ordnance Services. The memorial was funded by RAOC central funds, donations from industry and from private donations from individual technicians within the trade. There were also some significant donations in kind, all the bricks for the enclosure and surrounding wall were gifted by a local brickworks and the shrubbery was donated and planted by a local nursery. The memorial was designed by the Fine Arts Department of Coventry Polytechnic and sculpted from local sandstone. The memorial represents a single bomb disposal operator, dressed in the bomb suit and holding his protective helmet. This scene is one that every EOD operator will recognise as being the last few moments before donning the helmet and becoming totally shut off from the team and ready to make the longest walk into danger towards an explosive device. The memorial is enclosed behind double wrought iron gates bearing the trade badges of the ATO and AT. The gates lead into a walled garden with 2 stone benches. The walls bear grey slate tablets, each engraved with the name of those killed, the date and location of the incident. A small brass plaque records the award of posthumous gallantry medals or decorations.
The memorial was formally opened during a dedication service on 23 June 1991. The service of dedication was led by the Chaplain General to the Forces, The Reverend James Harkness OBE QHC MA with readings by WO1 (Staff Sergeant Major) B Johnson GC and Major General PWE Istead CB OBE GM, Representative Colonel Commandant, RAOC. Amongst the guests at the service where the widows and families of many of those whose names appear on the memorial. A parade and the annual service of remembrance by members of the units based at Kineton is held at the EOD Memorial on Remembrance Sunday in November each year.
The EOD memorial is dedicated to the fallen ATO's and AT's of The Royal Army Ordnance Corps and The Royal Logistic Corps who through their selfless commitment, have singularly taken the "Longest Walk" in the service of their country but sadly, have not returned. Members of the ammunition trade have been killed in Cyprus, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, England, Iraq and Afghanistan, "Sua Tela Tonanti / We Sustain"
In Memoriam
SSgt JA Culkin
SSgt R Kirby
Sgt CC Workman
Capt DA Stewardson
WO2 CJL Davies
SSgt CR Cracknell
Sgt AS Butcher
Maj BC Calladene
Capt JH Young
WO 2 WJ Clark
Sgt RE Hills
Capt BS Gritten
SSgt RF Beckett
Capt R Wilkinson
SSgt AN (Allan) Brammagh. 18 February, 1974. N.Ireland.
SSgt VI Rose
WO2 JA Maddocks
SSgt JC Crawshaw
WO2 E Garside
Cpl CW Brown
Sgt ME Walsh
WO2 M O'Neill
WO2 JR Howard
SSgt CD Muir
WO2 GJ O'Donnell GM+
Capt DM Shepherd GM
SSgt OSG Schmid GC
Capt D Read
SSgt BG Linley GM
Capt LJ Head
References
See also
Ammunition Technical Officer (ATO)
William DG Hunt
Bomb disposal
RAAOC - Royal Australian Ordnance Corps
British Army specialisms
Bomb disposal
Technicians
Royal Logistic Corps | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammunition%20technician |
The Municipality of Argos was a municipality of Argolis prefecture which was established by the Kapodistrias Plan from the merging of older communities of the area, which later formed the municipal districts of the municipality. The municipality operated in the period 1999-2010 when it was abolished with the implementation of Kallikratis Plan and joined the new municipality Argos-Mykines as municipal unit. It was located in the northwest of the prefecture and covered a large part of the Argolic plain, up to the mountain Artemisio. It bordered with the municipalities of Koutsopodi, Lyrkeia, Midea, Lerna, Mycenae, Nea Kios and the community of Achladokampos. The municipality had a population of 29,228 inhabitants according to the 2001 census and was the largest municipality in population of Argolida. The seat of the municipality was Argos.
The former municipality and current municipal unit, is subdivided into the following communities and their respective settlements.
Community of Argos
Argos
Akova
Kokla
Timenio
Community of Dalamanara
Dalamanara
Community of Elliniko
Kryoneri
Elliniko
Zogka
Krya Vrysi
Tourniki
Community of Ira
Ira
Community of Inachos
Inachos
Tristrato
Community of Kefalari
Kefalari
Magoula
Community of Kourtaki
Kourtaki
Community of Lalouka
Lalouka
Community of Pyrgella
Pyrgela
Ancient sites
Kechries or Cenchreae
Larissa
Timenio
Mayors of Argos
The municipality was established in 1834 and operated till 1914 and again since 1925 till 2010 when it was abolished. During 1914-1925, it was downgraded into community, due to having less than 10,000 population. Before the Kapodistrias reform in 1997, municipality of Argos contained only the community of Argos. First mayor was Hristos Vlassis.
1834-1838 Hristos Vlassis
1838-1841, 1852-1855 Konstantinos Vokos
1841-1848 Georgios Tsokris
1848-1852 Konstantinos Rodopoulos
1855-1858 Ioannis Vlassis (and congressman)
1858-1861 Petros Divanis (doctor)
1861-1866 Lambros Lambrinidis
1866-1870 Mihail Pashalinopoulos
1870-1874, 1879-1883 Mihail Papalexopoulos (doctor, congressman, governor)
1874-1875, 1883-1891, 1893-1899 Spilios Kalmouhos
1891-1893 Haralambos Mistakopoulos (1830-1894, died in office)
1899-1903 Emmanouil Roussos (doctor)
1903-1907 Dimitrios P. Kouzis (1870-1958) (senator and congressman)
1907-1914 Andreas Karatzas (lawyer)
1917-1918 Hristos Karagiannis (president of Argos Community)
1925-22 January 1928 Aggelis Bobos (1878-1928) merchant, (died in office)
1928-1941 Konstantinos Bobos (merchant). He succeeded his brother Angelis.
1941-1943 Efthimios Smirniotatkis (lawyer)
1943-1944 Georgios Papagiannopoulos (lawyer)
1944-1945 Konstantinos Dorovinis (dentist)
...
1951-1964 Efstathios Marinos (1902-1990)
1964-1967 Georgios Thomopoulos (1906-1995)
1967-1973 Theodoros Polihronopoulos
1973-1974 Marios Presvelos
1974-1975 (appointment by the government of national unity)
1975-1978 Dimitrios Bonis
1979-1986 Georgios Peirounis (1926-1999)
1987-1998 Dimitrios Papanikolaou (1937-2017)
1999-2002 Nikolaos Koligliatis
2003-2006 Dimitrios Platis
2007-2010 Vasileios Bouris
Links
Official website (archived)
References
Argos
Argos-Mykines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality%20of%20Argos |
Queued Telecommunications Access Method (QTAM) is an IBM System/360 communications access method incorporating built-in queuing. QTAM was an alternative to the lower level Basic Telecommunications Access Method (BTAM).
History
QTAM was announced by IBM in 1965 as part of OS/360 and DOS/360 aimed at inquiry and data collection. As announced it also supported remote job entry (RJE) applications, called job processing, which was dropped by 1968. Originally QTAM supported the IBM 1030 Data Collection System, IBM 1050 Data Communications System, the IBM 1060 Data Communications System, the IBM 2671 Paper Tape Reader, AT&T 83B2 Selective Calling Stations, Western Union Plan 115A Outstations, and AT&T Teletype Model 33 or 35 Teletypewriters. By 1968 terminal support had expanded to include the IBM 2260 display complex, and the IBM 2740 communications terminal.
QTAM devices were attached to a System/360 multiplexor channel through an IBM 2701 Data Adapter or IBM 2702 Transmission Control. By 1968 support for the IBM 2703 Transmission Control Unit had been added.
QTAM was succeeded by TCAM which provided roughly similar facilities, but was not supported under DOS.
Structure
QTAM consists of a Message Control Program (MCP) and zero or more Message Processing Programs (MPP). The MCP handles communications with the terminals, identifies input messages and starts MPPs to process them as required. This is similar in concept to the much later internet service daemon (inetd) in unix and other systems.
The MCP is assembled by the user installation from a set of macros supplied by IBM. These macros define the lines and terminals comprising the system, the datasets required, and the procedures used to process received and transmitted messages.
The MPPs, incorporating logic to process the various messages, are supplied by the installation, and use standard OS/360 or DOS/360 data management macros OPEN, CLOSE, GET, and PUT. PL/I includes the TRANSIENT file declaration attribute to allow MPPs to be written in a high-level language.
References
Other sources
IBM mainframe operating systems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queued%20Telecommunications%20Access%20Method |
The Oligo-Nunk Cave System is a group of six caves in Kentucky, United States.
History
Until the early 1900s, the C & O railway operated the cave system as a profitable tourist venture. The company had in service multiple trains weekly and special trains that were running to the community of Carter, Kentucky for the sole purpose of visiting the caves on Honeycomb Mountain. When J.F. Lewis purchased the property in the early 1900s, he had no immediate intentions of continuing the cave tours at both the Carter Caves and the Honeycomb Mountain Caves; so it was decided that the Honeycomb Mountain Cave tour operation would be suspended and that no visitors would be permitted.
After oversupply torpedoed much of his tobacco-farming business, Lewis turned the property back into a public caving destination during the 1920s. He improved passages, installed drainage tile and reopened the pavilion. This enabled Lewis to maintain a strong hold on the tourism business in the area. However, this venture lasted for only a short period before it again closed to the public. The family divested itself and focused time and resources towards more profitable ventures.
The caves remain private property held by the Lewis family. Originally, four caves were open for visitors. Eventually surveyors discovered those caves to be connected together in one large system. Engineers and artisans originally entered the caves and every obstruction that marred the beauty of the scene or broke the perfection of a series was removed. In some places, stairways were erected to facilitate access.
The caves are the home of multiple bat species that occupy the Oligo-Nunk Cave system during the hibernation months. This is a collection of several different species including the Indiana and Gray Bat, both on the Federal Endangered Species list.
See also
List of caves in the United States
References
External links
Carter Caves State Resort Park - A Living History, Jonathon F. Lewis, 2004
External links
NSS - National Speleological Society
ESSO Grotto
Caves of Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligo-Nunk%20Cave%20System |
Francis James Grimké (November 4, 1850 – October 11, 1937) was an American Presbyterian minister in Washington, DC. He was regarded for more than half a century as one of the leading African-American clergy of his era and was prominent in working for equal rights. He was active in the Niagara Movement and helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Early life and education
Francis Grimké was the second of three sons born to Henry Grimké, a white slaveholder of Charleston, South Carolina, and Nancy Weston, an enslaved woman of European and African descent. After becoming a widower, the senior Grimké began a relationship with Weston. He moved with her out of the city to his plantation where they and their family would have more privacy. She was his official domestic partner in the house and she and her children were his slaves. Both Henry and Nancy gave Francis and his brothers -- Archibald and John—their first lessons in reading and writing.
Henry Grimké had come from a large family. Among them were two aunts, Sarah and Angelina Grimké, who had become abolitionists and moved to the North to join activists there. His other siblings continued to represent and carry out the expected roles, as he mostly did, of their prominent slaveholding family of Charleston.
Death of his father, the Civil War, and education
Henry Grimké died in 1852. As he was dying, Henry willed Nancy, who was pregnant with their third child, and their two sons Archibald and Francis to his son and heir Montague Grimké, by his first wife. He directed that they "be treated as members of the family."
Henry's sister Eliza, executor of his will, brought the family to Charleston and allowed them to live as if they were free, but she did not aid them financially. Nancy Weston took in laundry and did other work; when the boys were old enough, they attended a public school with free African Americans. In 1860 Montague "claimed them as slaves," bringing the boys into his home as servants. Later he hired out both Archibald and Francis. During the American Civil War, Francis ran off and became a valet for a Confederate Army officer stationed at Castle Pinckney, a jail for Union soldiers. Francis was found and jailed for a time before being returned to Montague Grimké, who sold him to another Confederate officer. Archibald ran away and hid for two years with relatives until after the end of the Civil War. Montague never provided well for his half-brothers or for their mother.
After the American Civil War ended, the three Grimké boys attended freedmen's schools, where their talents were recognized by the teachers. They gained support to send Archibald and Francis to the North. They studied at Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania, established for the education of African Americans.
Francis and his brother went through many hardships afterward, as their father had kept them in slavery and not provided for them financially. After the Civil War, which disrupted family fortunes further, Francis and Archibald were enrolled at Morris Street School, part of the Charleston public schools, a segregated system set up for the first time during the Reconstruction Era by a Republican-dominated, biracial legislature. Frank then went North to Stoneham, Massachusetts, where he first stayed with a Dr. John Brown, and then with a Mr. and Mrs. Lyman Dyke. The brothers were then sponsored by Mrs. Pillsbury, sister-in-law of Parker Pillsbury, for higher education at Lincoln University. It was a historically black college founded in Pennsylvania for the education of African Americans. They received tuition from a church committee but had no money for books and clothing.
In 1868, Angelina Grimké noted Archibald Grimké's surname in The Anti-Slavery Standard, after a speech of his was reported. Because of the unusual name, she wrote to learn whether he was related to her family. After learning that he was their nephew and about his brothers, Angelina and Sarah officially acknowledged the three mixed-race boys as family. The sisters supported the three boys while they were in college and opened their home to them. The youngest brother, John Grimké, did not take to education and chose to stay in Charleston with their mother Nancy Weston.
Francis and Archibald both graduated from Lincoln University in 1870. Francis went on to graduate studies at Princeton Theological Seminary, from which he graduated in 1878. Francis became ordained as a Presbyterian minister.
Marriage and family
In December 1878, Francis married Charlotte Forten, an abolitionist, teacher, and diarist. Charlotte was the granddaughter of James Forten, a prominent member of the free black elite of Philadelphia. Among her acquaintances were many members of the national abolitionist movement, including William Lloyd Garrison, Sarah Parker Remond, John Whittier, and Wendell Phillips. Charlotte was 41 and Francis was about 13 years her junior when they married. In 1880, they had one daughter, Theodora Cornelia, who died as an infant.
Career
Francis began his ministry at the prominent 15th Street Presbyterian Church in Logan Circle, Washington, D.C., a major African-American congregation that was about 15 blocks due north of the White House. He led that congregation until 1885, and was active throughout the community in Washington. He then moved to Woodlawn Presbyterian Church in Jacksonville, Florida, in November 1886, but in January 1889, returned to his former charge.
His elder brother Archibald was appointed as consul to the Dominican Republic from 1894 to 1898. During that time, Archibald's daughter Angelina Weld Grimké stayed with Francis and his wife. Angelina later became a teacher, and a prominent writer and activist in her own right.
Francis was a participant in the March 5, 1897, meeting to celebrate the memory of Frederick Douglass which founded the American Negro Academy led by Alexander Crummell. He became the organization's founding Treasurer, serving in this capacity until 1919. He played an active role among the scholars, editors, and activists of this first major African-American learned society, which refuted racist scholarship, promoted black claims to individual, social, and political equality, and studied the history and sociology of African-American life.
Except for a few years' sojourn at Laura St. Presbyterian Church (now known as Woodlawn Presbyterian Church) in Jacksonville, Florida, Grimké continued to lead the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church in Washington, D.C. until 1928. He died in 1937, more than twenty years after Charlotte.
Francis Grimké said: "Race prejudice can't be talked down; it must be lived down."
References
Bibliography
Thomas, Rhondda R. & Ashton, Susanna, eds. (2014). The South Carolina Roots of African American Thought, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. "Francis Grimke (1850-1937)," p. 117-121.
Woodson, Carter, ed. (1942). The Works of Francis J. Grimké. Three volumes. Washington, D.C.: The Associated Publishers, Inc.
External links
Francis J. Grimke at the African American Registry
Quotes
Francis James Grimké (1850–1937) at Log College Press, a nearly complete repository of his available works.
1850 births
1937 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni
African-American Christian clergy
American Christian clergy
Francis
19th-century American slaves
Literate American slaves
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20James%20Grimk%C3%A9 |
Sue Hodge (born 4 June 1957) is an English actress, best known for her role as the waitress Mimi Labonq in the BBC sitcom 'Allo 'Allo!. Trained as a dancer and theatre performer at Bird College, she has performed extensively in theatre and on television in the UK and internationally, and appeared as a Force of Darkness in Terry Gilliam's 1985 film Brazil.
She returned to the role of Mimi in The Return of 'Allo 'Allo! in 2007.
In June/July 2007, she once again appeared as Mimi in the stage show 'Allo 'Allo!, alongside Gorden Kaye as René Artois and Guy Siner as Lieutenant Hubert Gruber, at Twelfth Night Theatre, in Brisbane, Australia. The other characters were portrayed by various famous Australian actors including Steven Tandy, Chloe Dallimore, Jason Gann and Tony Alcock, and Katy Manning.
Hodge returned to British television screens in 2009, portraying Connie in BBC3 sitcom The Lads Club.
In 2016 Sue starred as Nurse Mimi in the Haverhill Arts Centre production of the pantomime "Robin Hood".
Sue tours in her one woman show Mimi and Me ('Allo Again) and has written her first book Mimi's Memoirs, both of which take you through Sue's time in front of the camera and behind the scenes of 'Allo 'Allo.
References
External links
Sue Hodge - Mimi and Me
1957 births
Living people
English television actresses
People from Orsett
Alumni of Bird College
Actresses from Essex
British comedy actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue%20Hodge |
Winsford railway station serves the town of Winsford in Cheshire, England on the West Coast Main Line), north of .
History
The station was opened in 1837 on the Grand Junction Railway.
There have been two serious rail collisions near Winsford; the first in 1948 killed 24, the second in 1962 killed 18.
Facilities
Winsford station was upgraded in winter 2010. The upgrade included the installation of help points and electronic arrival/departure boards on the platforms as well as a departure monitor in the main building. The ticket office is staffed from 07:00 to 12:00 on Mondays through Thursdays and 07:00 to 15:00 on Fridays and Saturdays (closed Sundays); outside these hours there is a ticket machine available, which can also be used to collect tickets purchased in advance. Though the footbridge linking the platforms has stairs, step-free access is available to both via local roads.
Services
The station is managed by West Midlands Trains, branded as London Northwestern Railway, who provides services between Birmingham New Street and Liverpool Lime Street. Trains call hourly in each direction throughout the week (except Sunday mornings), with a few extra calls at weekday peak times.
Notes
External links
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F1 stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1837
Railway stations served by West Midlands Trains
Stations on the West Coast Main Line
Winsford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winsford%20railway%20station |
Dipterocarpus borneensis is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to Borneo, Sumatra and Java.
Dipterocarpus borneensis grows as a large tree reaching up to in height. It primarily occurs in lowland heath forests but also in mixed swamp forests and on raised beaches and plateaus. It occurs at elevations up to .
References
borneensis
Dipterocarps of Borneo
Flora of Java
Flora of Sumatra
Flora of the Sundaland heath forests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpus%20borneensis |
The DeSoto Series S-10 is an automobile produced by DeSoto from 1942 through to the 1952 model year. While in production, the Series S-10, which was sold with the trim package DeLuxe, was DeSoto's entry-level car, and was offered primarily as two-door and four-door sedans while the Custom offered upscale interiors and appearance including a 7-passenger sedan and the extended-wheelbase Suburban sedans. The body was claimed to be "rust proofed".
The DeLuxe differed from the more upmarket Custom line by having less trim, fewer standard features, and plainer interiors in fewer color combinations. A six-tube and an eight-tube radio were optional.
The Deluxe shared its engine with the Custom, and was powered by Chrysler's L-head six-cylinder engine, delivering at 3600 rpm. The DeSoto had full instrumentation.
Deluxes produced during the 1946, 1947, 1948 and first half of the 1949 model years used DeSoto's prewar bodies, slightly updated following the end of World War II. In 1948, low-pressure tires became standard equipment. Custom models, along with Deluxe models, produced during the 1946, 1947, 1948 and first half of the 1949 model years used DeSoto's prewar bodies. A fully redesigned Custom was launched in the second half of 1949, along with a redesigned Deluxe, and these cars are referred to as “1949 Second Series” models.
In 1950, the Custom gained DeSoto's first station wagon body style, which was not offered as a Deluxe and gave the choice of optional wooden panels bonded to the exterior steel body. The Custom also received DeSoto's first hardtop coupe, which featured pillarless door design and offered interior equipment and refinement from the convertible, and again, the Deluxe was excluded from the premium body style. Standard equipment included two-speed electric windshield wipers, a trunk light and full carpeting. In 1951, the brakes grew to 12 inches in diameter.
The Deluxe remained DeSoto's base model until it was replaced by the DeSoto Powermaster in 1953, while Customs were unseated as DeSoto's premium model range with the introduction of the V8-powered 1952 Firedome model range of cars.
References
Series S-10
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Coupés
Sedans
Cars introduced in 1942
1940s cars
1950s cars
Cars discontinued in 1952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSoto%20Series%20S-10 |
Etchemin may refer to:
Etchemin language, a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine
Etchemin River, a river in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of eastern Quebec
See also
Beauce-Etchemin School Board, headquartered in Saint-Georges, Quebec
Bellechasse—Etchemins—Montmagny—L'Islet, a former federal electoral district in Quebec (1997-2004)
Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis, a federal electoral district in Quebec (from 2004)
École secondaire les Etchemins, a school in Charny, Quebec
Lac-Etchemin, Quebec, a municipality in and the seat of Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality
Lac Etchemin Airport
Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality, Quebec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etchemin |
Richard Harris Leigh (16 August 1943 – 21 November 2007) was a novelist and short story writer born in New Jersey, United States to a British father and an American mother, who spent most of his life in the UK. Leigh earned a BA from Tufts University, a master's degree from the University of Chicago, and a PhD from the State University of New York at Stony Brook.
The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail
Leigh met his frequent co-author Michael Baigent while living in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. They subsequently struck a friendship with the writer and British television scriptwriter Henry Lincoln in 1975 and between them developed a conspiracy theory involving the Knights Templar and the alleged mystery of Rennes-le-Château, proposing the existence of a secret that Jesus had not died on the Cross, but had married Mary Magdalene and fathered descendants who continued to exert an influence on European history. This hypothesis was later put forward in their 1982 book, The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail.
The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail achieved enormous commercial success and has been described as "one of the most controversial books of the 1980s". It popularised the idea that the true object of the quest for the Holy Grail was to find secret descendants of Jesus and Mary Magdalene. This bloodline is stated to have later married into a Frankish royal dynasty, the Merovingians, and to be championed and protected by a secret society known as the Priory of Sion. These notions were later used as a basis for Dan Brown's international best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code.
The day after publication, the authors had a public clash on BBC television with the Bishop of Birmingham and Marina Warner. The book rapidly climbed the best-seller charts, and the authors published a sequel, The Messianic Legacy, in 1986.
The book has been described as "a work thoroughly debunked by scholars and critics alike". Arthurian scholar Richard Barber has commented, "It would take a book as long as the original to refute and dissect The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail point by point: it is essentially a text which proceeds by innuendo, not by refutable scholarly debate".
Other works
In 1991 Leigh published The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception, co-authored with Baigent. The book follows the controversial theories of Robert Eisenman regarding the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Two books of Leigh's fictional works have been published: Erceldoune & Other Stories (2006), and Grey Magic (2007).
Leigh's short story, "Madonna," was included in "The Random Review, 1982: The Year's Best Fiction, Poetry and Essays" (1982), the first in an anthology series edited by Gary Fisketjon and Jonathan Galassi gathering "the best stories, poems, and essays published in American magazines in the preceding year."
Dan Brown suit
Some of the ideas presented in Baigent's earlier book The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, were incorporated in the best-selling American novel The Da Vinci Code, by Dan Brown.
In March 2006, Baigent and Leigh filed suit in a British court against Brown's publisher, Random House, claiming copyright infringement. On 7 April 2006 High Court judge Peter Smith rejected the claim. On 28 March 2007, Baigent and Leigh lost their appeal, and were faced with legal bills of about £3m.
Death
Leigh died on 21 November 2007 in London from causes related to a heart condition.
Works
Co-written with Michael Baigent and Henry Lincoln
The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, 1982, UK
U.S. paperback: Holy Blood, Holy Grail, 1983, Dell.
The Messianic Legacy, 1986
Co-written with Michael Baigent
The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception, 1991
The Temple and the Lodge, 1991,
Secret Germany: Claus Von Stauffenberg and the Mystical Crusade Against Hitler, 1994
The Elixir and the Stone: The Tradition of Magic and Alchemy, 1997
The Inquisition. 1999
Self published
Erceldoune & Other Stories (2006, )
Grey Magic (2007, ).
Notes
References
Obituary in The Times, 30 November 2007
1943 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
20th-century British novelists
21st-century British novelists
British short story writers
American conspiracy theorists
Pseudohistorians
Priory of Sion hoax
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Leigh%20%28author%29 |
Metre per hour (American spelling: meter per hour) is a metric unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (Vector (geometry)). Its symbol is m/h or m·h−1 (not to be confused with the imperial unit symbol mph). By definition, an object travelling at a speed of 1 m/h for an hour would move 1 metre.
The term is rarely used however as the units of metres per second and kilometres per hour are considered sufficient for the majority of circumstances. Metres per hour can however be convenient for documenting extremely slow moving objects. A Garden Snail for instance, typically moves at a speed of up to 47 metres per hour.
Conversions
3,600 m/h ≡ 1 m·s−1, the SI derived unit of speed, metre per second
1 m/h ≈ 0.00027778 m/s
1 m/h ≈ 0.00062137 mph ≈ 0.00091134 feet per second
How to convert
To convert from kilometers per hour to meters per hour, multiply the figure by 1,000 (hence the prefix kilo- from the ancient Greek language word for thousand).
To convert from meters per second to meters per hour, divide the figure by 3,600 (that is 60 * 60, i.e. 60 seconds for each of the 60 minutes).
See also
Orders of magnitude (speed)
References
Units of velocity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre%20per%20hour |
Halvard Hanevold (3 December 1969 – 3 September 2019) was a Norwegian biathlete.
Career
Hanevold won medals in biathlon events at the 1998 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Winter Olympics by winning his first Olympic gold followed by another gold four years later. He won the bronze medal in the men's 20 km individual and the silver medal in the men's 10 km sprint at the 2006 Winter Olympics. He won the last medal of his Olympic career in the 4 × 7.5 km relay at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics.
Hanevold participated in 16 World Championships from 1994 to 2009. He was a part of the team in 1993 in Borovets as a reserve, but did not participate in any races.
In his career, he recorded 40 podiums at World Cup level, with the last podium being in the final race of his final season.
Hanevold retired after the 2009–10 season.
He was a close friend to Swedish biathlete Björn Ferry.
Death
Hanevold died on 3 September 2019 at the age of 49 in his home in Asker, Akershus.
Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.
Olympic Winter Games
6 medals (3 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze)
*Pursuit was added as an event in 2002, with mass start being added in 2006.
World Championships
16 medals (5 gold, 7 silver, 4 bronze)
*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**Team was removed as an event in 1998, and pursuit was added in 1997 with mass start being added in 1999 and the mixed relay in 2005.
Individual victories
9 victories (4 In, 2 Sp, 1 Pu, 2 MS)
*Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.
References
External links
1969 births
2019 deaths
People from Asker
Norwegian male biathletes
Biathletes at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes for Norway
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in biathlon
Olympic bronze medalists for Norway
Olympic silver medalists for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Biathlon World Championships medalists
Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners
Sportspeople from Viken (county) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvard%20Hanevold |
The Battle of North Borneo took place during the Second World War between Allied and Japanese forces. Part of the wider Borneo campaign of the Pacific War, it was fought between 10 June and 15 August 1945 in North Borneo (later known as Sabah). The battle involved a series of amphibious landings by Australian forces on various points on the mainland around Brunei Bay and upon islands situated around the bay. Japanese opposition to the landings was sporadic initially, although as the campaign progressed a number of considerable clashes occurred and both sides suffered significant casualties, although major combat was largely restricted to Labuan and around Beaufort. On the mainland, while Allied conventional operations focused largely on the coastal areas around Brunei Bay, guerrilla forces consisting of Dayak tribesmen and small numbers of Allied personnel from the Services Reconnaissance Department fought an unconventional campaign in the interior. The Allies were successful in seizing control of the region. Nevertheless, many of the strategic gains that possession of North Borneo provided were ultimately negated by the sudden conclusion of the war in August 1945.
Background
Strategic situation and planning
Codenamed Operation Oboe Six, the battle was part of the second phase of the Allied operations to capture the island of Borneo. North Borneo had been occupied by troops from the Imperial Japanese Army since early 1942 following the Japanese invasion of Borneo; prior to this the area had been a British territorial possession. Following its occupation, the area's oil resources had been exploited for the Japanese war effort. The island's population had also been subjected to harsh occupation policies. This had led to a revolt at Jesselton in late 1943, which was suppressed by the Japanese with heavy civilian casualties.
The first stage of the Allied campaign in Borneo had begun in May 1945 when a brigade-sized force had been put ashore on Tarakan, on the north-eastern side of Borneo. The operation in North Borneo was planned by General Douglas MacArthur's South West Pacific Area command. Designed with three phases—preparatory bombardment, forced landings, and an advance—the objective of the Allied operation was to establish "an advanced fleet base" for the British Pacific Fleet in Brunei Bay, which offered the Allies a deep-water port, to enable subsequent naval operations. Further objectives included capturing the vast oil and rubber supplies available in the area and re-establishing British civil administration. It was also intended that Labuan would be secured to control the entrance to Brunei Bay, and would be developed as an airbase. In the planning phase of the operation, the Allied high commands differed in their opinions about the necessity of securing Brunei, with the British Chiefs of Staff Committee believing it would take too long to develop the area for it to be developed for it to be used in operations. They were also concerned that it would divert the British Pacific Fleet from the main theatre of operations off Japan and instead favoured establishing a fleet base in the Philippines. The United States Joint Chiefs of Staff, however, approved the operation believing that it could support future operations in south-east Asia.
In preparation for the landings, commencing in March, the Allied Services Reconnaissance Department (also known as Special Operations Australia) began Operation Agas in North Borneo, and Operation Semut in Sarawak; these were clandestine operations to gather information and organise local Dayak tribesmen to carry out guerrilla operations following the main landings. Ultimately, five Allied parties would be inserted into Borneo as part of Operation Agas, while four were deployed under Semut. Preliminary aerial bombardment of northern Borneo by Australian and US aircraft began on 3 May, before being concentrated on the main landing areas on 5 June. Meanwhile, minesweepers began to clear sea lines of communication for the large Allied naval task force that was assigned to support the operation. This force was designated as Task Force 78.1 and consisted of Australian and US warships, under the command of Rear Admiral Forrest B. Royal. Initially, the Allies planned to launch operations in North Borneo in late May, but shipping shortages delayed moving the assault troops to their staging base on Morotai Island and resulted in the operation being delayed until early June.
Opposing forces
A total of 29,000–30,000 men were committed by the Allies to secure North Borneo, with the majority of the ground forces being provided by the Australian 9th Division, under the command of Major General George Wootten. The 9th Division consisted of three brigades—the 20th, 24th and 26th Brigades—however, at the time of the North Borneo operations, the 26th was engaged at Tarakan having been detached from the division in May 1945, so only two brigades were allocated to operations in North Borneo. Part of the all-volunteer Second Australian Imperial Force, the 9th Division was a veteran formation, having previously served in North Africa, the Middle East and New Guinea. Prior to the Borneo campaign, the division had been resting and reorganising on the Atherton Tablelands in Queensland. The division had experienced a high turn over in personnel following its service in the Huon Peninsula campaign as soldiers were medically discharged or transferred to other units. In addition to the Australian ground troops, naval support was provided by the United States Navy and Royal Australian Navy and aerial support from the United States Army Air Force's Thirteenth Air Force, the United States Marine Corps, and elements of the Royal Australian Air Force's 1st Tactical Air Force. Two United States Army units, the 727th Amphibian Tractor Battalion who manned the LVTs and the 593rd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment's Boat Battalion, were also attached to the Australians.
Meanwhile, Allied intelligence estimated that there were approximately 31,000 Japanese troops on Borneo, with about 8,800 of these in North Borneo. The Japanese Thirty-Seventh Army, led by Lieutenant-General Masao Baba, was tasked with defending the area, and was headquartered in Jesselton. The main Japanese units in the vicinity included elements of the 56th Independent Mixed Brigade, consisting of six battalions (the 366th to the 371st), along with another independent battalion. This brigade was commanded by Major General Taijiro Akashi. It had been raised in Japan during the second half of 1944 and arrived in Borneo late that year as the area's garrison troops were reorganised for defence against future Allied landings. By mid-1945, the brigade had been heavily depleted by its overland movement from the north-eastern part of Borneo prior to the Allied landings and was at around half strength; its troops were largely inexperienced, lightly equipped and were suffering from poor morale. Japanese air power in the region had been heavily depleted and, except in Java and Sumatra, was ineffective, although there were small numbers of aircraft at Keningau and Kuching.
Battle
Labuan
Two main landings were undertaken by the Australians in North Borneo on 10 June. After concentrating at Morotai Island in May, where complex landing rehearsals were undertaken, the assault force, consisting of 85 ships—mainly from the US Navy—departed in early June, preceded by minesweepers and survey vessels, as well as the naval attack group. The first landing was made when troops from two battalions of Brigadier Selwyn Porter's 24th Brigade—the 2/28th and 2/43rd Battalions—landed on Labuan Island with a squadron of Matilda tanks from the 2/9th Armoured Regiment. The 24th Brigade's third battalion, 2/32nd Battalion, was placed in divisional reserve for the initial landing. The attack was preceded by a heavy naval bombardment from cruisers, mortar and rocket ships, and attacks by eight Liberator heavy bomber squadrons which used anti-personnel bombs to target Japanese troops around the intended beachheads. With this support, the main Allied landings were largely unopposed as the Japanese defenders had withdrawn from the beaches on the peninsula and Muara Island had been abandoned completely. At Labuan, the Australian troops came ashore near Victoria and, supported by a heavy artillery and naval gunfire support, the two battalions drove towards the airfield. Light opposition was overcome and the town and airfield were secured late on the first day, after minor clashes with Japanese outposts and troops fighting amongst the aircraft dispersal bays. Meanwhile, the 2/11th Commando Squadron provided flank support to the west.
Despite the initial progress the fighting on Labuan intensified during this time as the Japanese defenders retreated inland to a heavily fortified position known as "the Pocket" and attempted to hold the Australians along the dense jungle ridges and thick swamps. The 2/12th Commando Squadron was brought ashore from divisional reserve on 12 June and was given the task of clearing the outlying areas of resistance that had been bypassed during the initial advance on the island, By 14 June, the Australians had secured the island, apart from those Japanese contained within the Pocket. Despite considerable artillery and armoured support, a company-level attack by the 2/28th Battalion was turned back on 14 June, and as a result further preparatory fires were called upon to soften up the Japanese defences.
At this stage of the war, Australian commanders were under strict orders to limit their casualties, and "avoid unnecessary risks", utilising fire support where possible to reduce Japanese defences prior to attacking. Commencing on 17 June, an intense three day naval and aerial bombardment was laid down in an effort to reduce the Japanese defences. Meanwhile, 100 Japanese attacked the Australian brigade's maintenance area and the airfield before the Australians launch a renewed attack on 21 June. At this time, two companies of infantry from the 2/28th Battalion assaulted the Japanese position. Supported by indirect fire support from sea and air, and direct fire support from tanks and flamethrowers, the Australians overwhelmed the Japanese defenders and cleared the remaining resistance from Labuan. After the battle 180 Japanese dead were counted, bringing the total killed during the fighting on Labuan to 389. Against this the Australians suffered 34 killed and 93 wounded.
Brunei and Muara Island
The second Allied landing that took place on 10 June, consisted of two battalions of Brigadier Victor Windeyer's 20th Brigade—2/15th and 2/17th Battalions—landing at Muara Island and on the mainland peninsula north of Brooketon, supported by a second squadron of Matildas from the 2/9th Armoured Regiment. The 20th Brigade's third battalion, the 2/13th, was held back in brigade reserve. Meanwhile, in the interior, Dayak tribesmen supported by Allied operatives commenced their guerrilla campaign on 9 June. Lightly armed, and with only limited training, these guerrillas sought to harass the withdrawing Japanese, while avoiding decisive engagement. In this role, they met with some success, but were in some cases forced to withdraw in the face of heavy opposition. The troops that had landed near Brooketon on the mainland advanced on Brunei, which was captured on 13 June by the 2/17th Battalion after several minor section and platoon level actions over several days. The 2/15th, which had earlier secured Muara Island, secured Limbang on 18 June, advancing by landing craft up the river in the south-west of Brunei Bay. The two 20th Brigade battalions were now joined by the 2/13th Battalion, which had conducted an unopposed landing at Lutong on 20 June, supported by Spitfire and Kittyhawk fighters operating from Labuan, before continuing their advance down the south-western coast and then overland, passing through Miri and Seria on their way towards Kuching.
At Seria the Australians found the 37 oil wells ablaze, having been deliberately lit by the Japanese defenders as they withdrew, and engineers from the 2/3rd Field Company were called up to put out the fires, a task which took over three months to complete. Kuala Belait was reached on 24 June. Having secured its objectives, the 20th Brigade then began patrolling operations, using landing craft to move quickly along the various rivers and streams that punctuated the coastline. The initial priority of Japanese troops on the mainland was to withdraw inland. As a result, only minor clashes occurred, against Japanese rearguards, which were generally poorly equipped and inexperienced. Resistance and aggressiveness amongst these rearguard elements stiffened as the Australians moved beyond Miri. Generally, the guerrilla forces in the interior carried out their operations separately from the conventional forces that focused mainly upon the coastal areas. However, some co-ordinated action was achieved during the campaign. During July, guerrillas assigned to Operation Semut captured Marudi, on the Barem River, as part of efforts to disrupt the Japanese withdrawal from Miri. A strong Japanese counter-attack retook the village from the lightly armed Semut operatives, after which the guerrillas linked up with conventional Australian infantry from the 2/17th Battalion to capture it once again on 15 July. During the course of their involvement in the campaign, the 20th Brigade's casualties were relatively light, suffering only 40 casualties. Throughout late June and into August, RAAF aircraft including Mosquitos and Beafighters attacked Japanese targets throughout North Borneo, including barges, shipping, barracks and airfields, sinking an 800-ton vessel near the Tabuan River and destroying several Japanese aircraft on the ground. Wirraways were also used to provide tactical reconnaissance, and other fighters flew close air support sorties.
Weston
Another landing was made by Allied forces on 16 June on the mainland at Weston, in the north-eastern part of Brunei Bay. The 2/32nd Battalion, which had previously been held back as the divisional reserve, forced its way ashore near Padas Bay. After taking Weston, patrols were sent out to Beaufort, which was inland. Due to the lack of roads and the indefensible nature of the railway track that led to the town, it was decided to advance along the Klias River, while a secondary force moved along the Padas River. As a part of this phase of the operation, minor landings were made at Mempakul on 19 June and at Sabang on 23 June by elements of the 2/43rd Battalion and the 2/11th Commando Squadron. Kibidang was captured the same day by the 2/43rd, while the 2/32nd advanced further along the Padas River and the two battalions married up. Following this, reinforcements in the form of two companies from the 2/28th Battalion were transferred from Labuan to take over rear area security while plans were made for the main attack on Beaufort.
The Allies assessed that Beaufort, which lay on the main Japanese avenue of withdrawal, was held by between 800 and 1,000 Japanese troops seeking to keep key egress routes open. On 27 June, the Australians attacked the town. The 2/43rd Battalion was assigned the task of the main assault, while the 2/32nd Battalion was tasked with flank protection. Despite being hamstrung by torrential downpours and unforgiving terrain, the 2/32nd Battalion secured the south bank of the Padas River, while one company from the 2/43rd was sent to take the town and another marched to the flanks, to take up ambush positions along the route that the Japanese were expected to withdraw along. The 2/28th Battalion secured the lines of communication north of the river. The resistance from the Japanese defenders was not co-ordinated and as a result the Australians had secured their objectives by nightfall. Throughout the night, however, the Japanese launched six counterattacks which eventually broke down into hand-to-hand combat. During the course of these actions, one company became isolated and the next morning, 28 June, another was sent to aid it by attacking the Japanese force from the rear. Fighting its way through numerous Japanese positions throughout the afternoon, the company reached its objective in the early evening and launched its assault, killing at least 100 Japanese defenders. It was during the course of this action that Private Tom Starcevich, of the 2/43rd Battalion, performed the deeds for which he was later awarded the Victoria Cross.
By 29 June, the Japanese began to withdraw from Beaufort in small groups. Elsewhere, on 1 July, the Australian 7th Division carried out the final stage of the Allied operation to secure Borneo, landing at Balikpapan, on the south-east coast. In North Borneo, Allied forces observed a brief pause while reinforcements arrived. The 2/3rd Anti-tank Regiment, being used as infantry rather than the anti-tank role for which it was intended, arrived at Weston on 3 July, where it relieved the 2/28th Battalion, which then moved on to Beaufort. On 6 July the Australian advance was resumed. Due to the strategic situation, it was decided to undertake a slow and cautious advance using indirect fire to limit casualties. By 12 July the 2/32nd Battalion occupied Papar, and from there patrols were dispatched to the north and along the banks of the river as offensive operations came to an end.
Aftermath
Following the capture of Papar, the Australians ceased offensive actions on Borneo and the situation remained largely static until a ceasefire came into effect in mid-August. In early August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and on 15 August the Japanese Emperor, Hirohito, effectively announced an end to hostilities, with the formal surrender being signed on 2 September 1945. As a result of the ceasefire, the planned Allied invasion of Japan was no longer required and the strategic gains provided by the capture of North Borneo were arguably negated; this included development of Brunei Bay into a naval base, which ultimately never occurred. To some extent, this has led to claims in Australia that the Oboe operations—as well as the campaigns in the Aitape–Wewak region of New Guinea and on Bougainville and New Britain—had been "unnecessary" and had therefore resulted in needless casualties. Throughout the course of the fighting on North Borneo, the Australians lost 114 men killed or died of wounds while another 221 men were wounded. Against this, the Japanese lost at least 1,234 men, while 130 had been captured. On top of this, a further 1,800 Japanese were estimated to have been killed by the guerrilla forces operating in the interior; many of these were Japanese troops who were withdrawing inland following the conventional landings on the coast who were ambushed by guerrillas or attacked by Allied airstrikes directed by these forces. These forces also occupied large areas in Sarawak and the southern parts of North Borneo by the end of hostilities.
After the fighting was over, the Australians began the task for establishing British civil administration, rebuilding the infrastructure that had been damaged and providing for the civilians that had been displaced in the fighting. This proved to be a significant undertaking, with the 9th Division working to establish hospitals, dispensaries, and schools. Sanitation and drainage had not been provided by the Japanese, and the local population was suffering from disease and was malnourished. Infrastructure was re-built by Australian engineers, while 9th Division medical personnel provided medical aid directly to locals. The North Borneo railway was also re-established. Houses that were destroyed in pre-invasion bombardment and later fighting were also rebuilt. Following the ceasefire, there were still a large number of Japanese troops in North Borneo—by October 1945 it was estimated that there were over 21,000 Japanese soldiers and civilians still in North Borneo—and the 9th Division was made responsible for organising the surrender, provisioning and protection of these personnel. They were also tasked with liberating the Allied civilian internees and prisoners of war that were being held at Batu Lintang camp in Kuching, Sarawak, and with disarming the guerrillas that had been assigned to Operations Agas and Semut.
As civil administration was slowly restored, in October 1945, the Australian demobilisation process began. Initially this process was slow as there were few troops able to relieve the Australian forces in Borneo and as such only long service personnel were released for return to Australia. The 9th Division remained in North Borneo performing garrison duties until January 1946, when it was relieved by the 32nd Indian Brigade, and subsequently disbanded. For the majority of the 9th Division's personnel a return to civilian life followed, however, as part of Australia's contribution to the occupation of Japan, a number of men from the 9th Division were transferred to the 67th Battalion which was being formed as part of the 34th Brigade. According to the Australian War Memorial, such was the relationship formed between the 9th Division and the civilian population of North Borneo, that the division's Unit Colour Patch was incorporated into the coat of arms of the Colony of British Borneo following the war, remaining as such until 1963, when the region was subsumed by the Malaysian state of Sabah.
See also
Japanese occupation of Malaya
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
External links
Borneo campaign
Battle of North Borneo
Conflicts in 1945
Military history of Malaya during World War II
South West Pacific theatre of World War II
Battle of North Borneo
Battles of World War II involving Australia
Battles of World War II involving Japan
Battles of World War II involving the United States
History of Sabah
Military history of Brunei
June 1945 events in Asia
July 1945 events in Asia
August 1945 events in Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20North%20Borneo |
Dipterocarpus caudiferus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Borneo. It grows as a large tree, up to in height. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests up to elevation. Dipterocarpus caudiferus is threatened mainly by conversion of land for palm oil plantations.
References
caudiferus
Endemic dipterocarps of Borneo
Taxa named by Elmer Drew Merrill
Plants described in 1926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpus%20caudiferus |
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved evolutionarily ancient enzyme with remarkably diverse functions in eukaryotic organisms. V-ATPases acidify a wide array of intracellular organelles and pumps protons across the plasma membranes of numerous cell types. V-ATPases couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across intracellular and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. It is generally seen as the polar opposite of ATP synthase because ATP synthase is a proton channel that uses the energy from a proton gradient to produce ATP. V-ATPase however, is a proton pump that uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to produce a proton gradient.
The Archaea-type ATPase (A-ATPase) is a related group of ATPases found in archaea that often work as an ATP synthase. It forms a clade V/A-ATPase with V-ATPase. Most members of either group shuttle protons (), but a few members have evolved to use sodium ions () instead.
Roles played by V-ATPases
V-ATPases are found within the membranes of many organelles, such as endosomes, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles, where they play a variety of roles crucial for the function of these organelles. For example, the proton gradient across the yeast vacuolar membrane generated by V-ATPases drives calcium uptake into the vacuole through an antiporter system. In synaptic transmission in neuronal cells, V-ATPase acidifies synaptic vesicles. Norepinephrine enters vesicles by V-ATPase .
V-ATPases are also found in the plasma membranes of a wide variety of cells such as intercalated cells of the kidney, osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells), macrophages, neutrophils, sperm, midgut cells of insects, and certain tumor cells. Plasma membrane V-ATPases are involved in processes such as pH homeostasis, coupled transport, and tumor metastasis. V-ATPases in the acrosomal membrane of sperm acidify the acrosome. This acidification activates proteases required to drill through the plasma membrane of the egg. V-ATPases in the osteoclast plasma membrane pump protons onto the bone surface, which is necessary for bone resorption. In the intercalated cells of the kidney, V-ATPases pump protons into the urine, allowing for bicarbonate reabsorption into the blood. In addition, other variety of biological processes, such as toxin delivery, viral entry, membrane targeting, apoptosis, regulation of cytoplasmic pH, proteolytic process, and acidification of intracellular systems, are important roles of V-ATPases.
V-ATPases also play a significant role in cell morphogenesis development. Disruption of the gene vma-1 gene which encodes for the catalytic subunit (A) of the enzyme severely impairs the rate of growth, differentiation, and the capacity to produce viable spores in fungus Neurospora crassa.
Structure
The yeast V-ATPase is the best characterized. There are at least thirteen subunits identified to form a functional V-ATPase complex, which consists of two domains. The subunits belong to either the Vo domain (membrane associated subunits, lowercase letters on the figure) or the V1 domain (peripherally associated subunits, uppercase letters on the figure).
The V1 includes eight subunits, A-H, with three copies of the catalytic A and B subunits, three copies of the stator subunits E and G, and one copy of the regulatory C and H subunits. In addition, the V1 domain also contains the subunits D and F, which form a central rotor axle. The V1 domain contains tissue-specific subunit isoforms including B, C, E, and G. Mutations to the B1 isoform result in the human disease distal renal tubular acidosis and sensorineural deafness.
The Vo domain contains six different subunits, a, d, c, c', c", and e, with the stoichiometry of the c ring still a matter of debate with a decamer being postulated for the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) V-ATPase. The mammalian Vo domain contains tissue-specific isoforms for subunits a and d, while yeast V-ATPase contains two organelle-specific subunit isoforms of a, Vph1p, and Stv1p. Mutations to the a3 isoform result in the human disease infantile malignant osteopetrosis, and mutations to the a4 isoform result in distal renal tubular acidosis, in some cases with sensorineural deafness.
The V1 domain is responsible for ATP hydrolysis, whereas the Vo domain is responsible for proton translocation. ATP hydrolysis at the catalytic nucleotide binding sites on subunit A drives rotation of a central stalk composed of subunits D and F, which in turn drives rotation of a barrel of c subunits relative to the a subunit. The complex structure of the V-ATPase has been revealed through the structure of the M. Sexta and Yeast complexes that were solved by single-particle cryo-EM and negative staining, respectively. These structures have revealed that the V-ATPase has a 3-stator network, linked by a collar of density formed by the C, H, and a subunits, which, while dividing the V1 and Vo domains, make no interactions with the central rotor axle formed by the F, D, and d subunits. Rotation of this central rotor axle caused by the hydrolysis of ATP within the catalytic AB domains results in the movement of the barrel of c subunits past the a subunit, which drives proton transport across the membrane. A stoichiometry of two protons translocated for each ATP hydrolyzed has been proposed by Johnson.
In addition to the structural subunits of yeast V-ATPase, associated proteins that are necessary for assembly have been identified. These associated proteins are essential for Vo domain assembly and are termed Vma12p, Vma21p, and Vma22p. Two of the three proteins, Vma12p and Vma22p, form a complex that binds transiently to Vph1p (subunit a) to aid its assembly and maturation. Vma21p coordinates assembly of the Vo subunits as well as escorting the Vo domain into vesicles for transport to the Golgi.
V1
The V1 domain of the V-ATPase is the site of ATP hydrolysis. Unlike Vo, the V1 domain is hydrophilic. This soluble domain consists of a hexamer of alternating A and B subunits, a central rotor D, peripheral stators G and E, and regulatory subunits C and H. Hydrolysis of ATP drives a conformational change in the six A|B interfaces and with it rotation of the central rotor D. Unlike with the ATP synthase, the V1 domain is not an active ATPase when dissociated.
Subunit C
V-ATPase (Vacuolar-ATPase) C represents the C terminal subunit that is part of the V1 complex, and is localised to the interface between the V1 and Vo complexes.
Subunit C function
The C subunit plays an essential role in controlling the assembly of V-ATPase, acting as a flexible stator that holds together the catalytic (V1) and membrane (VO) sectors of the enzyme . The release of subunit C from the ATPase complex results in the dissociation of the V1 and Vo subcomplexes, which is an important mechanism in controlling V-ATPase activity in cells. Essentially, by creating a high electrochemical gradient and low pH, this powers the enzyme to create more ATP.
Subunits E, G
These related subunits make up the stalk(s) of A/V-ATPase. They are important in assembly, and may function as pushrods in activity. E has a cap to connect to A/B, while G does not. They likely evolved from a single protein by gene duplication.
Subunit H
Subunit H, is only involved in activity and not in assembly. This subunit also acts as an inhibitor of free V1 subunits; it stops ATP hydrolysis when V1 and Vo are dissociated.
Vo
The Vo domain is responsible for proton translocation. Unlike the F-type ATP synthase, the Vo domain generally transports protons against their own concentration gradient. Rotation of the Vo domain transports the protons in movement coordinated with the V1 domain, which is responsible for ATP hydrolysis. The Vo domain is hydrophobic and composed of several dissociable subunits. These subunits are present in the Vo domain to make this a functional proton translocase; they are described below.
Subunit a/I
The 116kDa subunit (or subunit a) and subunit I are found in the Vo or Ao complex of V- or A-ATPases, respectively. The 116kDa subunit is a transmembrane glycoprotein required for the assembly and proton transport activity of the ATPase complex. Several isoforms of the 116kDa subunit exist, providing a potential role in the differential targeting and regulation of the V-ATPase for specific organelles.
The function of the 116-kDa subunit is not defined, but its predicted structure consists of 6–8 transmembranous sectors, suggesting that it may function similar to subunit a of FO.
Subunit d/C
Subunit d in V-ATPases, called subunit C in A-ATPases, is a part of the Vo complex. They fit onto the middle of the c ring, so are thought to function as a rotor. There are two versions of this subunit in eukaryotes, d/d1 and d2.
In mammals, d1 (ATP6V0D1) is the ubiquitously expressed version and d2 (ATP6V0D2) is expressed in specific cell types only.
Subunit c
Similar to the F-type ATP synthase, the transmembrane region of the V-ATPase includes a ring of membrane-spanning subunits that are primarily responsible for proton translocation. Dissimilar from the F-type ATP synthase, however, the V-ATPase has multiple related subunits in the c-ring; in fungi such as yeast there are three related subunits (of varied stoichiometry) and in most other eukaryotes there are two.
V-ATPase assembly
Yeast V-ATPases fail to assemble when any of the genes that encode subunits are deleted except for subunits H and c". Without subunit H, the assembled V-ATPase is not active, and the loss of the c" subunit results in uncoupling of enzymatic activity.
The precise mechanisms by which V-ATPases assembly are still controversial, with evidence suggesting two different possibilities. Mutational analysis and in vitro assays have shown that preassembled Vo and V1 domains can combine to form one complex in a process called independent assembly. Support for independent assembly includes the findings that the assembled Vo domain can be found at the vacuole in the absence of the V1 domain, whereas free V1 domains can be found in the cytoplasm and not at the vacuole. In contrast, in vivo pulse-chase experiments have revealed early interactions between Vo and V1 subunits, to be specific, the a and B subunits, suggesting that subunits are added in a step-wise fashion to form a single complex in a concerted assembly process.
V-ATPase evolution
A relatively new technique called ancestral gene resurrection has shed new light on the evolutionary history of the V-ATPase. It has been shown how the V-ATPase structure of the ancestral form consisting of two different proteins evolves into the fungi version with three different proteins. The V-Type ATPase is similar to the archaeal (so called) A-Type ATP synthase, a fact that supports an archaeal origin of eukaryotes (like Eocyte Hypothesis, see also Lokiarchaeota). The exceptional occurrence of some lineages of archaea with F-type and of some lineages of bacteria with A-type ATPase respectively is regarded as a result of horizontal gene transfer.
Regulation of V-ATPase activity
V-ATPases are known to be specifically inhibited by macrolide antibiotics, such as concanamycin (CCA) and balifomycin A1. In vivo regulation of V-ATPase activity is accomplished by reversible dissociation of the V1 domain from the Vo domain. After initial assembly, both the insect Manduca sexta and yeast V-ATPases can reversibly disassemble into free Vo and V1 domains after a 2- to 5-minute deprivation of glucose. Reversible disassembly may be a general mechanism of regulating V-ATPase activity, since it exists in yeast and insects. Reassembly is proposed to be aided by a complex termed RAVE (regulator of -ATPase of vacuolar and endosomal membranes). Disassembly and reassembly of V-ATPases does not require new protein synthesis but does need an intact microtubular network.
Human diseases
Osteopetrosis
Osteopetrosis is generic name that represents a group of heritable conditions in which there is a defect in osteoclastic bone resorption. Both dominant and recessive osteopetrosis occur in humans. Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis shows mild symptoms in adults experiencing frequent bone fractures due to brittle bones. A more severe form of osteopetrosis is termed autosomal recessive infantile malignant osteopetrosis. Three genes that are responsible for recessive osteopetrosis in humans have been identified. They are all directly involved in the proton generation and secretion pathways that are essential for bone resorption. One gene is carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), which, when mutated, causes osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis(type 3). Mutations to the chloride channel ClC7 gene also lead to both dominant and recessive osteopetrosis. Approximately 50% of patients with recessive infantile malignant osteopetrosis have mutations to the a3 subunit isoform of V-ATPase. In humans, 26 mutations have been identified in V-ATPase subunit isoform a3, found in osteoclasts, that result in the bone disease autosomal recessive osteopetrosis.
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA)
The importance of V-ATPase activity in renal proton secretion is highlighted by the inherited disease distal renal tubular acidosis. In all cases, renal tubular acidosis results from a failure of the normal renal mechanisms that regulate systemic pH. There are four types of renal tubular acidosis. Type 1 is distal renal tubular acidosis and results from a failure of the cortical collecting duct to acidify the urine below pH 5. Some patients with autosomal recessive dRTA also have sensorineural hearing loss. Inheritance of this type of RTA results from either mutations to V-ATPase subunit isoform B1 or isoform a4 or mutations of band 3 (also called AE1), a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger. Twelve different mutations to V-ATPase isoform B1 and twenty-four different mutations in a4 lead to dRTA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies have shown expression of the a4 subunit in the intercalated cell of the kidney and in the cochlea. dRTA caused by mutations in the a4 subunit gene in some cases can be associated with deafness due to a failure to normally acidify the endolymph of the inner ear.
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA)
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy is a rare genetic disease resulting from mutations in the VMA21 gene. The disease has a childhood onset and results in a slowly progressive muscle weakness, typically beginning in the legs, and some patients can eventually require wheelchair assistance with advanced age. The Vma21 protein assists in assembly of the V-ATPase, and XMEA associated mutations result in decreased activity of the V-ATPase and increased lysosomal pH.
Nomenclature
The term Vo has a lowercase letter "o" (not the number "zero") in subscript. The "o" stands for oligomycin, which binds to the homologous region in F-ATPase. It is worth noting that the human gene notations at NCBI designate it as "zero" rather than the letter "o". For example, the gene for the human c subunit of Vo is listed in NCBI gene database as "ATP6V0C" (with a zero), rather than "ATP6VOC" (with an "o"). Many pieces of literature make this mistake as well.
See also
ATP synthase
F-ATPase
Na+/K+-ATPase
References
External links
Enzymes
Transport proteins
Transmembrane proteins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-ATPase |
The Freedom Brigade were a team of super-heroes active in the 1940s. They are best known as the parents of the incompetent Inferior Five. Unlike their children, the Brigade were quite a formidable force against evil. Most of the Brigade members - namely Captain Swift, The Bowman, Princess Power, Mr. Might, and The Mermaid - were parodies of other DC characters, respectively: The Flash, Green Arrow, Wonder Woman, Superman, and Aquaman. The Freedom Brigade appeared only twice: in issues #62 and #65 of DC's "tryout" magazine Showcase.
History
In their first appearance, the retired Freedom Brigade members coaxed their offspring to band together as the "Inferior Five".
In their second appearance, they became instructors at Dean Egghead's Academy for Super-Heroes (a parody of Marvel Comics' Professor X and the X-Men).
Members
The Patriot (Mr. Victor, first name unrevealed) - The Patriot comes from a family of heroes who, by the 1960s, had been fighting crime for 130 years. In fact, the Patriot is the son of Reed Victor, a.k.a. Yellowjacket who, with his partner Plato, had fought crime in the 1920s (this was a parody of the 1930s radio heroes named Green Hornet and Kato). When the Freedom Brigade retired, the Patriot married his teammate, Lady Liberty, and they gave birth to a son named Myron Victor, who later became Merryman, the bumbling leader of the Inferior Five.
Lady Liberty (Miss Berkeley, first name unrevealed, later Mrs. Victor) - Lady Liberty also comes from a long line of heroes. For instance, her ancestor, Sir Chauncey Berkeley, fought tyranny in late 18th century France as the hero called the Crimson Chrysanthemum (this was a parody of The Scarlet Pimpernel). When the Freedom Brigade retired, Lady Liberty married her teammate, the Patriot, and soon gave birth to their son Myron.
Captain Swift (Mr. Cramer, first name unrevealed) - not much is known about Captain Swift, except that he is the father of Herman Cramer, a.k.a. the Blimp. Captain Swift's costume is almost identical to that of the Flash.
The Bowman (Mr. King, first name unrevealed) - nothing at all is known about the archer called the Bowman, except that he is the father of William King a.k.a. White Feather. The Bowman's costume is almost identical to the original costume worn by Green Arrow.
Princess Power (birth name unrevealed, later Mrs. Tremor) - not much was revealed about Princess Power, except than she was the mother of Dumb Bunny and wore a costume virtually identical to Wonder Woman's.
Mr. Might (Barb-Ell of the planet Neon, alias Mr. Brent, first name unrevealed) - when the Freedom Brigade retired, Mr. Might married his teammate, the Mermaid. The Mermaid soon gave birth to Leander Brent, later called Awkwardman. Mr. Might claimed that he was born Barb-Ell of the planet Neon, son of Dumb-Ell. After the citizens of Neon ignored his warnings of their planet's pending destruction, Dumb-Ell sent his son Barb-Ell in a rocket to Earth. Neon never exploded.
The Mermaid (birth name unrevealed, later Mrs. Brent) - although nothing is really known about the Mermaid, it is clear she was intended to be of Atlantean origins. When the Freedom Brigade retired, the Mermaid married her teammate, Mr. Might. The Mermaid soon gave birth to their son, Leander Brent.
Enemies
Dr. Evil - the Megalopolis police disbanded their mad scientist division after the Brigade ended his career.
The Masked Swastika - enemy of the Patriot and Hitler's top agent. The Inferior Five would later unmask the Masked Swastika, revealing that he resembles none other than Napoleon Bonaparte.
Sparrow - enemy of the Bowman.
The Speed Demon - enemy of Captain Swift.
The Silver Sorceress - enemy of Princess Power.
Retcons
Following the Crisis on Infinite Earths, much of the adventures of the Freedom Brigade needed to be retconned to fit in with the new continuity. Only the revised history of Princess Power was ever revealed: in this version she was from a lost subterranean Amazon tribe discovered by Prof. O'Day. After she retired, Princess Power married O'Day, her true love. He believed he could handle living with a woman with super-powers, but discovered that he couldn't and left her after their daughter, Athena Tremor, was born. Prof. O'Day supported his daughter, but needed a more normal relationship. He married another woman, but she died soon after giving birth to his second daughter, Angel O'Day. Princess Power returned and took the two of them in. The couple soon remarried. Princess Power is now deceased.
References
Characters created by Joe Orlando
Comics characters introduced in 1966
DC Comics superhero teams
Parody superheroes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom%20Brigade |
Scratches is a mystery adventure computer game by game developer Nucleosys. Scratches is the first commercial adventure game ever to be made in Argentina.
Plot
The game tells the story of the Blackwood estate on the outskirts of Rothbury, a small rural town in Northumberland, England in 1976.
Originally owned by James T. Blackwood in 1963, the house is passed to Christopher Milton after Mr. Blackwood is accused of murdering his wife. A couple of days later, Mr. Blackwood dies of a sudden heart attack though some in the town start rumors that he might have committed suicide. The police decide to close the case seeing there is no further evidence left. Shortly after acquiring the house, Milton inexplicably disappears in 1970 leaving no visible trace.
The player assumes the role of the house's next inhabitant, Michael Arthate, an author seeking seclusion to work on his next book. He moves in only to find that the house still echoes its horrible past quite literally as scratches are heard all around, particularly in the basement and fireplaces, and soon becomes more interested in researching the house's history than his writing.
In the end, it is revealed the scratches were being caused by Robin, the deformed son of James and Catherine, who was locked in the basement. Michael flees the house after this discovery, finishes his novel, and becomes a prolific novelist as a result from his encounter.
Original Ending
Originally, the player was supposed to use an amulet to kill Robin, turning him back into a human. They would themselves die if they were not able to figure the puzzle out. Lead developer Agustin Cordes said the ending was "completely unfair in terms of design," and it was subsequently abandoned.
Last Visit
In the Director's Cut edition of the game, a sidequest called "The Last Visit" continues the narration from where Michael had fled. A reporter is sent to uncover the mysteries of Blackwood Manor before it will be destroyed. The place has become a scene of ruin; full of looting, vandalism, and graffiti. The reporter ultimately discovers Robin, who chases him until Milton appears at the manor to speak with Robin. Robin leaps onto Milton and presumably kills him as the reporter escapes. Blackwood Manor is then demolished and the reporter notes that the mystery of a mask found inside the home remains unsolved.
Cast
James Thomas Blackwood: An eccentric gentleman, Mr. Blackwood had always been a prominent figure in Rothbury, his hometown since his childhood, being one of the most successful construction engineers in the region.
Catherine Lydia Blackwood: James Blackwood's enigmatic wife, an English teacher at a local school in Rothbury.
Christopher Edward Milton: An intimate friend and longtime doctor to the Blackwood family.
Eva Mariani: Miss Mariani, an Italian immigrant and aspiring professional photographer, was the Blackwood family's maid for several years.
William Bailey: Mr Bailey, a now-retired police chief, was in charge of the investigation of the death of Catherine Blackwood in the early 1960s. He was convinced of Mr Blackwood's guilt, but was never able to convict him.
Michael Arthate: Michael is an up-and-coming writer. Sales of his acclaimed first novel, Vanishing Town (a reference to Dark Fall), left him with enough wealth to acquire an imposing Victorian mansion, a longtime dream of his.
Jerry P. Carter: An old friend of Michael, and a successful real estate agent.
Barbara Stiles: Michael hired Barbara as his assistant to aid him with fan mail and to contact magazines around the world, offering them his short stories.
Robin Blackwood: The son of James and Catherine Blackwood who was kept hidden from the public due to his deformities.
Gameplay
Scratches uses a first-person perspective to navigate around the house. Using only a mouse, the player can access various rooms and other places in order to solve the mystery of both Blackwood and Milton's disappearances. It features music and special sound effects by the now-defunct Cellar of Rats, which contribute to the fearsome ambience experienced at the mansion, crypt, greenhouse and church.
The game is heavily influenced by the H.P. Lovecraft mythos and several direct references to Lovecraft works make their appearances in Scratches. There are in-game references to the Necronomicon, De Vermis Mysteriis, Lovecraft's story "The Mountains of Madness," as well as one critic of Michael's book being called R'yleh. Michael states in the game he had just moved to Rothbury from Providence, Rhode Island-the hometown of Lovecraft.
Development
Scratches was developed by a two-man team in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Agustin Cordes did the programming and design, while Alejandro Graziana did the art direction. They brought in ambient composer Cellar of Rats to handle the audio. The developers never intended to have a soundtrack, but after hearing Cellar of Rats work, they decided that it would add to the unsettling and cinematic atmosphere.
The developers opted to create their own engine called Scream (Simple Creation Engine for Adventure Makers), rather than licensing a pre-existing engine. The Scream engine utilised a combination of pre-rendered graphics and 3D, creating what the team referred to as “pseudo 3D”, an effect which was hard to create using existing adventure game engines.
The game was designed to be non-linear.
The games "horror" atmosphere has been compared to that of Resident Evil.
Artwork from the game started being released in 2004.
Scratches: Director's Cut saw changes analogous to those between MYST and Realmyst.
Scratches went Gold on February 21, 2006.
Release
Scratches was first released in North America on March 8, 2006 through game publisher Got Game Entertainment. However, Nucleosys had plans to release several international versions of the game worldwide.
A German version of the game has been available since March 2006 (published by Rondomedia), as has the Italian version Graffi Mortali (published by Power Up). A Greek version of the game is also available.
A Russian version of the game has been available since May 2006 (published by Russobit-M).
The Spanish version of the game (Rasguños) was announced but was never completed.
Nucleosys in 2007 released a "Director's Cut" version of Scratches, which includes an alternate ending and two more hours of gameplay. In addition to remastered sound, graphics and more. This version was announced on March 16, 2007. The title was part of Got Game Entertainment's mixed genre of games in 2007. On October 21, 2010, Meridian4 announced that they had signed a digital publishing agreement with Nucleosys for this game.
There were plans to create a Director's Commentary with a few additional features but as a result of Nucleosys' shutdown, it will not be released.
In 2012, Meridian4 released Scratches on Steam.
Versions for Linux and Mac OS X were planned, but were never released before the demise of the developer.
Critical reception
Globally, Scratches sold more than 150,000 units by March 2007. By 2012, sales had reached roughly 250,000 units. Upon release of the director's cut, Wired asserted "You probably didn't play PC game Scratches".
In March 2006, Scratches ranked in the top 10 of Amazon.com's Top Sellers in Computer and Video Games, as well as in popular game indexes such as GameRankings.com.
Scratches received mixed reviews but overall achieved an average to high score from most review sites. According to Gameguru the game " received decent reviews". Most notably GameSpot gave the game a 3.9 and IGN gave it a 7.7, emphasising the game's mixed reviews.
GamesRadar noted that the games uses a "brooding, silent atmosphere" to "slowly build up the tension and terror". Game Chrinocle offered a positive review on the horror aspects of the game. IGN seerted that it was "average" and "decent-to-good".
Legacy
After Nucleosys went out of business, Agustín Cordes would go on to found Senscape, who are currently developing the horror game Asylum after a successful Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign.
Scratches is the first commercially released adventure game ever developed in Argentina.
See also
Asylum (upcoming video game)
List of horror video games
References
External links
Scratches at Metacritic
Main page
Video interview with developer (Spanish)
2006 video games
Windows games
Windows-only games
Cancelled Linux games
Cancelled macOS games
Adventure games
First-person adventure games
2000s horror video games
Point-and-click adventure games
Video games developed in Argentina
Video games set in Northumberland
Russobit-M games
Single-player video games
Got Game Entertainment games
Meridian4 games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratches%20%28video%20game%29 |
Florence Baverel (born 24 May 1974 in Pontarlier, Doubs), is a retired French biathlete who competed in the biathlon at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Baverel-Robert won the gold medal in the women's 7.5 km sprint. She placed 26th in the women's 15 km individual event, 5th in the 12.5 km mass start and 13th in the 10 km pursuit final.
She married fellow French biathlete Julien Robert. They have one daughter Rose. Now they are divorced.
At the end of the 2006-07 World Cup season, which she finished in 5th place in the overall standings (her best career result), she announced the end of her career.
Achievements
Biathlon World Cup
1 × 5th place in overall (2006/07)
2 × 7th place in overall (1994/95, 1995/96)
1 victory in the trials for the World Cup
References
IBU Profile
1974 births
Living people
People from Pontarlier
French female biathletes
Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for France
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Olympic biathletes for France
Olympic medalists in biathlon
Biathlon World Championships medalists
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Doubs
20th-century French women
21st-century French women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20Baverel-Robert |
Edna Lillian Doré (née Gorring; 31 May 1921 – 11 April 2014) was a British actress. She was known for her bit-part roles in sitcoms and for playing the character of Mo Butcher in EastEnders from 1988 to 1990.
Career
Doré began her career as a chorus girl in ENSA, then joined the wartime company of Phyllis Dixey at the Whitehall Theatre as a dancer. She later spent 17 years in repertory theatre before becoming a member of the National Theatre for 10 years, especially remembered for her roles in productions directed by Bill Bryden, such as The Mysteries. She turned to television acting in 1960 and had parts in many successful series, including Dixon of Dock Green, Doctor in the House, The Liver Birds, Terry and June, Tenko, Z-Cars, and Open All Hours.
In 1988, she starred in Mike Leigh's film High Hopes, for which she received the award for Best Supporting Player at the 1989 European Film Awards. Here, she played Mrs. Bender, who suffers from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. That year, she was cast in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, where she played Mo Butcher, the battleaxe mother of Mike Reid's character, Frank Butcher. During her time in the show, she received wide acclaim for her portrayal of an elderly lady's descent into Alzheimer's disease. The story—about the effect that Alzheimer's has on the sufferer's family—had to be curtailed when Doré decided to leave the programme in 1990. The character was killed off at the end of 1992. In 1997, she played Kath in Nil by Mouth. Other film credits include Tube Tales (1999), Weak at Denise (2001) and All or Nothing (2002).
In later years, she had parts in many television shows, including: Love Hurts (1992), A Year in Provence (1993), Casualty (1987; 1993;1997), Men Behaving Badly (1997), Peak Practice (2000), Holby City (2001), Time Gentlemen Please (2000–2002), The Bill (2002; 2003 & 2006), Eyes Down (2003–2004), Murder in Mind (2003), My Family (2004), Lilly Kinsey in All About George (2005), Hotel Babylon (2006) and Doctors (2006). She played the role of Maeve in the Doctor Who episode "Fear Her" in June 2006.
In September 2006, she appeared in the comedy show That Mitchell and Webb Look, and in April 2007, she appeared as a guest star in ITV's Diamond Geezer, playing the role of Violet. On 24 December 2008, she appeared in the Christmas special of Gavin & Stacey as Edna, Pete Sutcliffe's (Adrian Scarborough) mother, again playing a character affected by dementia. In February 2009, she held a small role in an episode of Minder. She also played Grace in Skellig. In January 2010, she appeared as Nin Gallagher, the grandmother of Frank Gallagher, in the series Shameless. The same year, she appeared in Mike Leigh's film Another Year. In March 2011, she appeared in an episode of Midsomer Murders.
Radio
Doré was also a radio actor. She was heard in Bringing Eddie Home by John Peacock, based on a true story of the fight by Eastend couple Edna and Jack Wallace to have their son's body brought home from Aden, and the ensuing fight for the rights of British servicepeople. In February and March 1998, Doré appeared in the BBC Radio 4 series Paradise Lost in Cyberspace. In her final radio role, she played Alice in A Telegram from the Queen, broadcast in 2011.
Personal life
Doré lived in Barnes. She married actor, stage director and writer Alexander Doré in 1946 in St Pancras, London and was with him until his death in 2002. Her son, Michael Doré, owns a pub in Hampshire. Doré studied acting with Anna Wing, known for playing Lou Beale in EastEnders. Doré died on 11 April 2014 at the age of 92, from emphysema.
Filmography
References
External links
Interview promoting Eyes Down
1921 births
2014 deaths
English soap opera actresses
English television actresses
European Film Awards winners (people)
Actors from Bromley
Actresses from Kent
Deaths from emphysema | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Dor%C3%A9 |
County Route 547 (CR 547) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Route 70 in Lakehurst to the intersection of Broadway and Myrtle Avenue in Long Branch. Near its southern terminus, it passes the East Gate of the Lakehurst Maxwell Field portion of Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst, known as Lakehurst Naval Air Station in the past, and the site of the crash of the Hindenburg in 1937.
Route description
Ocean County
CR 547 begins at an intersection with Route 70 in Lakehurst, Ocean County, heading northeast on two-lane undivided Lakehurst-Lakewood Road. Immediately after beginning, the route crosses the Manasquan Brook into Manchester Township and turns north, running through forested areas of the Pine Barrens to the east of the Lakehurst Maxfield Field naval station. CR 547 is briefly a four-lane divided highway as it passes an entrance to the naval station before narrowing back to a two-lane undivided road and entering more dense forests as it comes to the CR 571 junction. From this point, the route becomes Lakehurst-Whitesville Road before continuing into Jackson Township as South Hope Chapel Road, running northeast through more woods with occasional development, crossing an abandoned railroad right-of-way before turning north and intersecting CR 527 near homes and businesses. Past this intersection, CR 547 continues north through wooded areas of residences before coming to an intersection with CR 528 near businesses.
At this point, CR 547 turns east to form a concurrency with CR 528 on East Veterans Highway, with CR 639 continuing north on South Hope Chapel Road. The two routes continues through residential and commercial development, intersecting CR 626 before crossing into Lakewood Township. At this point, CR 528/CR 547 becomes Lakewood-New Egypt Road and turns northeast into wooded residential neighborhoods. In this area, the routes turn east onto Central Avenue and passes more homes before crossing Lake Carasaljo and coming to an intersection with US 9. At this point, CR 528 continues northeast on Hurley Avenue and CR 547 turns north to follow US 9 on Madison Avenue, crossing the Metedeconk River, which Lake Carasaljo is formed from. After intersecting the western terminus of Route 88, Madison Avenue continues north through the commercial and residential center of Lakewood as a four-lane undivided road, with CR 547 splitting from US 9 by turning east onto two-lane 8th Street. The route passes through residential areas before splitting from 8th Street by turning northeast onto Squankum Road. Signage along US 9 shows CR 547 leaving the concurrency at 9th Street. Along this stretch, CR 547 runs through wooded areas of homes, crossing CR 526.
Monmouth County
Crossing the Metedeconk River again, CR 547 enters Howell Township in Monmouth County and continues through a mix of homes, businesses, and woods as it crosses the Southern Secondary railroad line operated by the Delaware and Raritan River Railroad. Farther northeast, the road continues into a mix of farmland, woodland, and residences as it reaches an intersection with CR 549 and CR 21. After this, CR 547 turns north and the lanes split as it comes to a cloverleaf interchange with I-195. The lanes rejoin as the route comes to an intersection with CR 524 and CR 524A, at which point CR 524 turns north to join CR 547. The two routes continues north through wooded areas of homes and businesses on Lakewood-Farmingdale Road, intersecting CR 18 before entering Farmingdale and turning northwest. The road becomes Main Street and passes residences before crossing the Southern Secondary into business areas. CR 547 splits from CR 524 by heading northeast on Asbury Avenue, passing some homes before crossing back into Howell Township. The route passes a mix of woodland and residential neighborhoods before making a turn to the east and crossing the Southern Secondary again. CR 547 enters Wall Township and runs through wooded areas of industry before intersecting Route 33 and Route 34 at the Collingwood Circle.
CR 547 heads east for a brief concurrency with four-lane Route 33 after the circle before turning northeast onto four-lane undivided Shafto Road. South of this intersection, Monmouth County maintains Wyckoff Road as a section of CR 547 for to Route 34. The road continues into Tinton Falls and passes through a mix of farms and woods before continuing into forested areas with some commercial development. Upon crossing CR 16, the road runs between Naval Weapons Station Earle to the west and wooded residential and commercial development to the east. CR 547 passes through dense forests before intersecting CR 38 and passing under the Garden State Parkway. The road intersects CR 38 again after and enters Eatontown at the CR 51 junction, where the name becomes Wyckoff Road. A short distance later, the route comes to a partial interchange providing access to and from the southbound direction of the Route 18 freeway before heading into wooded residential neighborhoods. CR 547 widens to a divided highway as it passes the Monmouth Mall and comes to an intersection with Route 36. The road passes more businesses as it becomes undivided and comes to the Route 35 junction a short distance later. CR 547 continues past more homes before it reaches an intersection with Route 71.
CR 547 forms a concurrency along Route 71 (Broad Street) heading east before the road (whose name changes to Eatontown Boulevard) becomes the border between Oceanport to the north and Eatontown to the south at Main Street. CR 547 splits from Route 71 at Monmouth Road by continuing east along Eatontown Boulevard past more homes. The road turns southeast and enters West Long Branch, becoming Broadway and crossing Route 36 in commercial areas. CR 547 continues past a mix of homes and businesses, intersecting CR 15 (Locust Avenue) and CR 11 (Oceanport Avenue) before continuing into Long Branch and reaching its eastern terminus at Myrtle Avenue. Past the eastern terminus, Broadway continues through Long Branch toward the Atlantic Ocean.
History
Prior to 2017, CR 547 ended at Route 71 and CR 537 (Broad Street) in Eatontown. On February 23, 2017, the Monmouth County Board of Chosen Freeholders extended CR 547 along Route 71 and the former routing of CR 537 to Long Branch due to CR 537's realignment through Fort Monmouth. However , signage for CR 537 still appears along the recently extended section of CR 547 from Route 71 to Long Branch.
Major intersections
CR 547 Spur
County Route 547 Spur (CR 547 Spur) is a county-maintained section of Wyckoff Road in Wall Township, Monmouth County. The four-lane road runs between Route 34 and Route 33 and CR 547 and is flanked by retail and office buildings on both sides for most of its length. Only two numbered signs appear along the road: A "To CR 547" near its southern end and a sign blade on a traffic signal noting the road as just "CR 547," consistent with the Monmouth County Road Plan which calls this a part of CR 547.
See also
References
External links
547
547
547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20547%20%28New%20Jersey%29 |
Yurlov may refer to
Yurlov (surname)
Yurlov Crower, a Russian breed of chicken
7558 Yurlov, a minor planet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurlov |
André Lange (; born 28 June 1973) is a retired German bobsledder and one of the most successful bob pilots of all time. Competing at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics, he has won four gold and one silver medals. Lange originally started his sledding career as a luger, taking up bobsleigh in 1993.
At the 2002 Winter Olympics, Lange won the four-man event with teammates Carsten Embach, Enrico Kühn and Kevin Kuske. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Lange also won gold in the four-man event with teammates Kevin Kuske, René Hoppe and Martin Putze, in addition to winning the two-man event with Kuske. He competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics, winning gold in the two-man and silver in the four-man events.
Lange also won fourteen medals at the FIBT World Championships with eight golds (Two-man: 2003, 2007, 2008; Four-man: 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008), four silvers (Two-man: 2000, 2005; Four-man: 2001, 2009), and two bronzes (Two-man: 2004, Four-man: 2007).
At the Bobsleigh World Cup level, he has won three combined men's championships (2000-1, 2002–3, 2003–4), one two-man championship (2007–08), and four four-man championships (2000-1, 2002–3, 2003–4, 2007–8).
In April 2014 it was announced that Lange would become the head of the Thuringian Winter Sports Centre in Oberhof, which includes the DKB Ski Arena, the Oberhof sledding track, the Kanzlersgrund ski jumps and the town's indoor ski area, following the retirement of the previous head Wolfgang Filbrich that July. In May 2017 he announced that he was leaving this role. In August 2017 the Korea Luge Federation announced that Lange would join the South Korean luge team as a coach in October on a five-month contract to assist head coach Steffen Sartor to help prepare them for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyongchang, South Korea.
References
External links
Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932–56, and since 1964
Bobsleigh two-man world championship medalists since 1931
Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930
List of combined men's bobsleigh World Cup champions: 1985–2007
List of four-man bobsleigh World Cup champions since 1985
List of two-man bobsleigh World Cup champions since 1985
1973 births
Living people
People from Ilmenau
People from Bezirk Suhl
German male bobsledders
Sportspeople from Thuringia
German sports coaches
Olympic bobsledders for Germany
Bobsledders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Recipients of the Silver Laurel Leaf
East German male lugers
German sports executives and administrators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Lange |
František Matouš Klácel (April 8, 1808, Česká Třebová, Bohemia – March 17, 1882, Belle Plaine, Iowa, US) was a Czech author, philosopher, pedagogue, and journalist. Since 1827 he was an Augustinian friar in Brno, co-brother of Gregor Mendel.
A Varied Man
During his rich and varied life Klácel used several pseudonyms (František Třebovský, J. P. Jordan, and while he was abroad he used the name Ladimír K.) He also called himself Matouš František K.- Matouš had been his monastic name. He was born into a poor family, and his father was a cobbler. After basic school in Třebová and junior school he went to grammar school in Litomyšl and after graduating spent the next two years studying philosophy. In 1827 he went to the Augustinian monastery in Brno where he became a member of the order and spent the years 1829–32 studying at the Brno theological institute. In 1833 he was ordained priest and after sitting three examinations at Olomouc university he was named professor of philosophy at the Brno theological institute in 1835. He enjoyed great authority amongst his students, and this was strengthened by his part in Czech cultural history and his poetic work.
The Philosopher
As a philosopher Klácel was a follower of G. W. F. Hegel and he attempted to develop his ideas both in aesthetics and also towards the creation of a general theory of science and also on the problem of the patriotic movement, which he understood to be a precursor to humanitarianism and humanity (for example his essay Cosmopolitanism and patriotism with particular reference to Moravia). As well as his philosophical debuts he published in book form The beginnings of Czech scientific grammar – the first systematic Czech attempt to create a philosophical language. Because of his free thinking opinions and suspicion of panslavism Klácel was relieved of his professorship after nine years. After a short stay in Prague, where he worked as a librarian and became acquainted with patriotic groups, and following a short visit to Leipzig and Dresden he repaired to Liběchov on the invitation of his patron A. Veith. Here he managed the castle library, met with the Liběchov intellectual society, wrote poetry and together with the sculptor Václav Levý he took part in producing relief sculptures at the caves nearby (the so-called Klácelka). He returned to Brno in 1845 on the intervention of the church authorities, and together with J. Ohéral made efforts to establish the first Czech newspapers in the Moravian Weekly, which was first issued in January 1848, but Klácel was sent away from the German surroundings of Brno to Prague. There in the revolutionary year he took part in the activities of the National Committee, and was a member of the Slavonic Congress.
Back to the Moravian
After the overthrow of the Prague uprising he once more returned to Brno, after a short stay in Česká Třebová, to work on the Moravian Weekly once more. From November 1848 he was delegated by the Moravian Estates to publish the Moravian News, in which he included his Political Notes. Through these notes he addressed Ludmila (also Luděnka, which were pseudonyms of Božena Němcová) as a friend to a friend on the origins of socialism and communism, and enlightened information on the French utopian socialism. In 1850 he added a further cycle – Světozor (Morning Star), this time dedicated to general questions on nature. Klácel became involved with (and gave information in the Moravian News) club activities (National Union of St. Cyril and Methodius), and the Bohemian-Moravian Brotherhood (Jan Ivan Helcelet, Hynek Hanuš, Božena Němcová and her husband) was supposed to become a basis for the materialisation of his ideas of humanitarianism, but his aims foundered, and this affected Klácel’s friendship with Němcová.
Natural Sciences and American Equality
Klácel gradually moved away from patriotic societies, and began to publish less often. He became interested in natural sciences (he had been in charge of an experimental garden in the monastery) and undertook private teaching. His relationship with the new head of the monastery J. G. Mendel was not a harmonic one, and came to a head with allusions to compromising intimate relations, and this all supported his long-held dream to go the United States, whose social arrangement was regarded by him to be the realisation of his ideas on free life in equality. In summer 1869 he departed. In Iowa city he published the journal Slovan amerikánský (American Slav), became involved with the free-thinker movement, and for the new Union of Free Thinkers he published the newssheet Hlas (Voice, 1872). He moved to Chicago with this journal, where he established another title – Svojan (Own Man).
Although Klácel industriously translated, published and wrote a number of popular scientific handbooks, American reality did not meet with his imaginations and he fell into serious financial difficulties. Charitable events were organised in his support both in the USA and in the Czech lands, but these did not have a long-term effect. Before his death Klácel wrote a testament which summed up his teachings. He was buried in Belle Plaine, and at the Czech cemetery a monument was unveiled in his honour by his countrymen.
The Poet
Klácel's poetic beginnings (Lyrical Poems, 1836 and Poems, 1837) were inspired by the ancient world. The patriot and free thinker Klácel expressed himself in full in the collection Berries from Slavonic Forests (1845). In his version of Goethe's epos Reynard the Fox (1845) and the anthology Bájky Bidpájovy (1846 and 1850) he used animal allegories in order to critically portray contemporary society. Klácel was also the author of the first Czech dictionary of foreign words (Dictionary for readers of journals, 1849) and numerous terminological dictionaries and encyclopaedias, of which the majority were published in journals published by him or remained in hand-written form.
Legacy
This Augustinian friar in Brno, an excellent teacher, author of a number of poetic and philosophical works, natural science researcher, journalist, unselfish and loving man František Matouš Klácel was one of the leading revivalists in Moravia and active members of political life during the revolutionary period of 1848–49. A road is named after him in Brno – Masarykova Quarter, and from 1978 a memorial stone with his portrait by Milada Orthová has been on the side of number 1 Mendlovo Square.
Works
Ferina lišák – a fable about a fox
Bajky Bidpajovy – two volumes, the first published under the pen name František Třebovský
Jahůdky ze slovanských lesů – published under the pen name J. P. Jordan
Erklärungen der wichtigeren philosophischen Ausdrücke
Počátky vědecké mluvnictví českého
Dobrověda
Slovník pro čtenáře novin, v němž se vysvětlují slova cizího původu
Listy přítele k přítelkyni o původu socialismu a komunismu – letters to Božena Němcová in which he explains his opinions about the ideal society.
See also
Klácelka, manmade cave named in his honor
External links
Biography
Czech philosophers
Czech poets
Czech male poets
1808 births
1882 deaths
19th-century poets
19th-century male writers
People from Česká Třebová
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Czech translators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek%20Kl%C3%A1cel |
This is a list of characters that appear in the Shrek franchise.
Main characters
Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers and Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is a large green ogre and the lead character in all of the Shrek films. Chris Farley was originally cast to be the voice of Shrek, but he died before he could complete his voice work. He had finished 85-95% of his lines.
Donkey (voiced by Eddie Murphy in the films, Mark Moseley in the video games, and Dean Edwards in Scared Shrekless) is a talking donkey, and Shrek's best friend.
Princess Fiona (speaking voice by Cameron Diaz, singing voice provided by Sally Dworsky in the first film, Renee Sands on all other occasions, and Holly Fields in the video games) is the princess of the kingdom of Far Far Away and Shrek's wife from the end of the first film on.
Puss in Boots (voiced by Antonio Banderas in the English, Spanish, and Italian versions of the films, Eric Bauza in The Adventures of Puss in Boots and The Trident, vocal sounds and purrs provided by Frank Welker, and voiced by André Sogliuzzo in the video games and commercials) is Shrek's best friend along with Donkey. He is also the lead character of the Puss in Boots films and the TV series based on it.
Secondary characters
Dragon is depicted as a ruby-colored dragon, initially known as the guard of the tower in which Princess Fiona awaits her rescuer in the first film, later becoming Donkey's mate.
Kitty Softpaws (voiced by Salma Hayek Pinault in the films, Margo Rey in The Trident) is a de-clawed, thieving bicolor cat introduced as Puss' love interest in the prequel spin-off Puss in Boots and later reunited with him and rekindling said relationship after Santa Coloma in Puss in Boots: The Last Wish.
Pinocchio is drawn ultimately from the novel by Carlo Collodi, with animation reminiscent of the 1940 Disney version. Starting with Shrek 2, he becomes one of Shrek's best friends and he fulfills his dream of being turned into a real boy, but in a few moments he is made of wood again.
The Gingerbread Man, known as Gingy, is voiced by Conrad Vernon, and references the fairy tale of the runaway cookie. In the first film, Shrek. Lord Farquaad kidnaps him and tortures him for information, but Gingy refuses to reveal Shrek's location. There is an echo in Shrek 2, where a gigantic gingerbread man baked by The Muffin Man helps storm Prince Charming's castle.
The Three Little Pigs are the same three little pigs from the classic story. They are distinguished by their hats and are some of Shrek's best friends. They speak with a German accent.
Big Bad Wolf is the same wolf from the story of Little Red Riding Hood, dressed as a grandmother. Starting with Shrek 2, he becomes one of Shrek's best friends, helping him along with his other companions, and he sent the Fairy Godmother flying. He is usually quiet, dry and monotonous.
The Three Blind Mice are based on the English nursery rhyme.
Main villains
Lord Farquaad (voiced by John Lithgow in the films, Andre Sogliuzzo in Shrek Smash n' Crash Racing) is the narcissistic, ruthless and diminutive ruler of the huge castle of Duloc, and the main antagonist of the first film.
Fairy Godmother (voiced by Jennifer Saunders in the films, Claudia Christian in the video games, and Pinky Turzo in Thriller Night), is a scheming, conniving opportunist, loosely based on the fairy-tale Cinderella's "Fairy Godmother", and the main antagonist of Shrek 2.
Prince Charming (voiced by Rupert Everett in the second and third film, Sean Bishop in Scared Shrekless, James Arnold Taylor in video games) is the son of the Fairy Godmother, who acts as the secondary antagonist of Shrek 2 and the main antagonist of Shrek the Third.
Rumpelstiltskin (voiced by Conrad Vernon in Shrek the Third, Walt Dohrn in subsequent media) is an evil short con man who makes magical deals (complete with contracts), based on the fairy tale character of same name, and the main antagonist of Shrek Forever After.
Humpty Dumpty (voiced by Zach Galifianakis) is a childhood friend of Puss and the main antagonist of Puss in Boots.
Big Jack Horner (voiced by John Mulaney in Puss in Boots: The Last Wish) is an adult version of the character from the nursery rhyme Little Jack Horner, and the main antagonist of Puss in Boots: The Last Wish. In addition to owning a pastry business, he's also a crime lord who plans to obtain the wishing star to obtain control of all Magic.
References
Lists of animated film characters
Animated characters by series
Universal Pictures cartoons and characters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Shrek%20%28franchise%29%20characters |
Kevin Kuske (born 4 January 1979) is a former German bobsledder who competed from 1999 to 2018. Competing in five Winter Olympics, he is the most successful Olympic athlete in bobsledding, winning four gold medals and two silver medals.
Career
Prior to his bobsleigh career, Kuske was a sprinter athlete, and won a bronze medal in 4 x 100 m at the 1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics.
At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Kuske, along with teammates André Lange, Carsten Embach, Enrico Kühn, won the gold medal in the four-man event. Four years later in Turin, Kuske paired with Lange to win the gold medal in the two-man event, while those two, along with teammates René Hoppe and Martin Putze, won gold in the four-man event. Kuske won gold in the two-man and silver in the four-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Kuske also has fifteen medals at the IBSF World Championships, including seven golds (two-man: 2003, 2007, 2008; four-man: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008), four silvers (two-man: 2005, 2011; four-man: 2009, 2012), and four bronzes (two-man: 2004, 2012; four-man: 2007, 2017).
After pilot André Lange's retirement in 2010, Kevin Kuske started with pilots Thomas Florschütz and Maximilian Arndt. With Florschütz, he competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi in both the two-man and four-man event, but failed to win any medals. After Florschütz and Arndt retired, Kuske joined the team of Nico Walther. In Walther's bobsleigh, Kuske won a silver medal in the four-man event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, therefore becoming the most successful bobsledder in Olympic history. Immediately after the Games, he announced his retirement.
References
External links
Bundswehr profile of Kuske
Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932–56, and since 1964 at sports123.com
1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Potsdam
German male sprinters
German male bobsledders
Bobsledders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Germany
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Kuske |
Kaikadi may refer to:
Kaikadi people, a formerly nomadic Indian tribe
Kaikadi language, their language
Kaikadi (dog), a breed of sighthound
Language and nationality disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaikadi |
Boys & Girls Aid (or Boys & Girls Aid Society of Oregon) is a non-profit organization that provides services to children in crisis in the state of Oregon, United States.
History
Boys & Girls Aid (formally The Boys & Girls Aid Society of Oregon) was founded in Portland, Oregon, in 1885 by a group of community and business leaders concerned with child welfare. This non-profit organization started as an orphanage and is considered by some as a pioneer in applying the foster care model instead of the typical orphanage model. Later on, the services provided by the organization included a wider range of care for children in different age groups. The organization grew into several branches in different parts of the state of Oregon. It is Oregon's oldest child welfare society.
Mission and goals
The organization's mission is to impact the well-being of children in need. This has been its primary goal since 1885. It has also evolved from an agency that takes care of adoption to a wider range of services for children in need that include residential facilities for at-risk populations and foster care. The organization's prospective is to be able to provide help to all children in their service area that require such care.
Accomplishments
Boys & Girls Aid has helped in more than 100,000 children since it was founded. The organization serves infants, children, teens and young adults, 0–23 years old, through infant adopt, foster care adoption, foster care or residential care.
Services and programs
Boys & Girls Aid offers services including adoption, foster care, foster care adoption, and housing and shelter services.
Adoption
The agency offers adoption services for infants and children, including children in foster care who have mental and physical challenges, or are older, and spent a significant amount of time in the foster care system.
Foster care
Boys & Girls Aid offers foster care services for older youth under the care of the Oregon Department of Human Services. The program serves both short and long-term foster care needs by placing children under the care of state certified foster homes. Boys & Girls Aid also has requirements for foster parents in addition to state requirements.
Shelter and housing
The agency offers shelter and housing services for youth 10 to 23 years old. The agency's programs include Safe Place for Homeless and Runaway Youth, located in Washington County, STEP (Stabilization, Transition & Evaluation Program), located in Multnomah County, and the Transitional Living Program, located in Washington County. Each program works with children and young adults who have experienced some form of abuse or neglect in their lifetime.
The Permanency Initiative
In 2011, Boys & Girls Aid began the Permanency Initiative. The organization committed to a 20-year plan that would shift services toward identifying lifelong connections for all children exiting their services. The plan was implemented in response to a large number of young adults aging out of foster care without the necessary support as they enter adulthood. Boys & Girls Aid designed the Permanency Initiative to offset the high rates of unemployment, incarceration and unplanned pregnancy many foster youth experience compared to their peers. The initiative also focuses on the mental, emotional, social and physical health of youth without a primary caregiver.
Support and accreditations
About 50% of the funding comes from contracts with the cities, counties and the state or federal government. The other half comes from donations and fundraising campaigns. Another source of support is the auxiliaries ran primarily by adoptive parents or any one who wants to support the organization. The organization is part of many health care and social services associations like:
The Council on Accreditation for Children and Family Services, Inc.
Foster Family Care Network.
Child Welfare League of America.
Association of Fundraising Professionals.
United Way of the Columbia-Willamette.
National Association of Social Workers.
References
External links
The Boys & Girls Aid Society of Oregon.
Non-profit organizations based in Oregon
Organizations based in Portland, Oregon
Adoption-related organizations
1885 establishments in Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys%20%26%20Girls%20Aid |
René Hoppe (born 9 December 1976 in Oelsnitz, Saxony) is a German bobsledder who has competed since 1998. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, he won a gold medal in the four-man event with teammates Kevin Kuske, André Lange, and Martin Putze.
Hoppe also won eight medals at the FIBT World Championships with five golds (Four-man: 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008), two silvers (Two-man: 2000, Four-man: 2001), and one bronze (Four-man: 2007).
References
Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932-56, and since 1964
Bobsleigh two-man world championship medalists since 1931
Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930
FIBT profile
1976 births
Living people
German male bobsledders
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Germany
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Saxony | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9%20Hoppe |
Martin Putze (born 14 January 1985 in Apolda, Thuringia) is a German bobsledder who has competed since the early 2000s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he won two medals in the four-man event with a gold in 2006 and a silver in 2010.
Putze also won four medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with two golds (2005, 2008), one silver (2009) and one bronze (2007).
References
External links
Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932–56, and since 1964
Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930
1985 births
Living people
People from Apolda
German male bobsledders
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Germany
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Thuringia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Putze |
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 28A, commonly referred to as Highway 28A, is an highway in Alberta, Canada that connects Highway 15 in northeast Edmonton to Highway 28 near Gibbons. It is numbered 17 Street NE within Edmonton and forms an alternate route to Highway 28 into the city from the north. As the southernmost component of the Edmonton–Fort McMurray corridor, the highway is designated as a core route of Canada's National Highway System for its entire length.
Highway 28A began as a gravel road in the 1930s, formerly designated as Highway 37 which it now intersects at the north Edmonton city limit. Alberta Transportation has plans to upgrade Highways 28 and 28A to a divided highway, with long term plans for a freeway between Edmonton and Fort McMurray.
Route description
Like most rural two-lane highways in Alberta, Highway 28A is not a controlled-access highway, as numerous driveways and local roads intersect it at-grade. Nevertheless, it forms part of the Edmonton-Fort McMurray corridor and is designated as a core route of the National Highway System. The highway begins at an intersection in northeast Edmonton where it splits to the north from Manning Drive (Highway 15) near 227 Avenue. As 17 Street NE, the two-lane highway proceeds through rural residential and agricultural lands north of Edmonton for approximately to Highway 37, crossing into Sturgeon County. It continues north to the town of Gibbons in which it intersects 50 Avenue and Highway 643 (53 Avenue), approximately north of downtown Edmonton. A bridge carries a branch of the Canadian National Railway over the highway before the road crosses the Sturgeon River on a culvert. While crossing the river, the road briefly widens to a divided highway then immediately terminates at a trumpet interchange with Highway 28.
History
Highway 28A had been in place as a gravel road since at least 1940, then signed as Highway 37 running from Highway 15 to north of Gibbons. At this time, Highway 28 terminated near Bon Accord and did not connect to present day Highway 28A. A route from Mundare to Cold Lake via Brosseau and St. Paul had already been built by 1930, which later comprised portions of Highway 28 by the mid-1950s. The culvert over the Sturgeon River was built in 1970. The railway overpass in Gibbons was constructed in 1973, followed by the Highway 28 interchange in 1974.
Another section formerly existed between Ashmont and Hoselaw as a bypass of St. Paul, forming a shorter route to Cold Lake than Highway 28. As part of an effort to simplify highway route numbering, this section was re-signed as Highway 28 in 2006, when Highway 28 through St. Paul was re-signed as Highway 29.
Future
Alberta Transportation ultimately intends to upgrade the entire Edmonton-Fort McMurray corridor to a divided highway. A functional study which included public consultation was completed in 2011 to develop plans for interchanges and access management along Highway 28A. It calls for potential modifications to the existing interchange at Highway 28, and new interchanges at Highway 643 in Gibbons and Township Road 554 to the south. The highway would be realigned slightly east of Gibbons to allow for widening, necessitating new bridges over the Sturgeon River and a relocation of the Canadian National Railway overpass in Gibbons.
Major intersections
Starting from the south end of Highway 28A:
References
028A | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta%20Highway%2028A |
Kifisias Avenue () is one of the longest and busiest avenues in the Greater Athens area, Greece, containing the headquarters of many Greek and foreign companies and organizations.
Description
The total length of the Kifisias Avenue is about 20 km, beginning 4 km northeast of downtown Athens and ending by the municipal boundary of Nea Erythraia north of Kifisia. The number of lanes is three, up to Kifisia, then two through Kifissia, before it turns to a one lane (per direction) road for the rest of its length. The avenue begins at the intersection of Alexandras and Mesogeion Avenues, and then intersects with Katechaki Avenue, three roads to Neo Psychiko and Filothei as well as to the Athens Olympic Stadium. It also has a circular interchange with the Attiki Odos and other interchanges with roads to Vrilissia, Marousi and Tatoiou Avenue. The avenue passes near a forest park in Marousi, called Anavryta. The avenue has a bus lane for a significant section of its length, close to its start.
Together with Kallirois Avenue, Andrea Syngrou Avenue, Vasileos Konstantinou Avenue and Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, it forms a north to south corridor for the Greater Athens area. It is a significant commercial street and office space is in considerable demand with many key Greek companies based there. Along Kifisias Avenue, and more specifically in Psychico area many embassies and consulates are located including that of Albania, Israel, Cameroon, Kuwait, New Zealand, South Africa, South Korean, Ukraine, Palestine, North Macedonia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Thailand and Tunisia.
Places
Downtown Athens
Psychiko
Neo Psychiko
Filothei
Marousi
Kifisia
References
Streets in Athens
Transport in Athens | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifisias%20Avenue |
Sandra Kiriasis ( Prokoff; born 4 January 1975 in Dresden) is a German former bobsledder who has competed from 2000 to 2014.
At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City she won silver in the two-woman event together with teammate Ulrike Holzner. She also competed in the bobsleigh events at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, where Kiriasis (married in late 2004) won gold in the two-woman event with teammate Anja Schneiderheinze. She finished fourth in the two-woman event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Kiriasis also won eight medals at the FIBT World Championships with five golds (Two-woman: 2005, 2007, 2008; Mixed team: 2007, 2008, 2009) and two silvers (Two-woman: 2003, 2004). She won the overall two-woman Bobsleigh World Cup in 2003-4, 2004–5, 2005–6, 2006-7, 2007-8, 2008-9, 2009–10, 2010–11 and won a record 43 World Cup races in total.
Kiriasis retired from the sport after the 2014 Winter Olympics. In July 2014 Kiriasis joined basketball team Nürnberger BC as a fitness coach. In 2017 she was appointed as driving coach for the Jamaican women's bobsleigh team ahead of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, helping them to qualify for the Olympics for the first time. However, she parted company with the Jamaica Bobsleigh Federation days ahead of the start of bobsleigh training at the Games after she was told she would be demoted from her position as driver coach to the role of track and performance analyst.
Career highlights
Olympic Winter Games
2002 – Salt Lake City, 2nd with Ulrike Holzner
2006 – Turin, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2018 – PyeongChang, Former coach of the women's Jamaican bobsled team.
World Championships
2003 – Winterberg, 2nd with Ulrike Holzner
2004 – Königssee, 2nd with Anja Schneiderheinze
2005 – Calgary, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2007 – St. Moritz, 1st with Romy Logsch
2008 – Altenberg, 1st with Romy Logsch
European Championships
2005 – Altenberg, 2nd with Anja Schneiderheinze
2006 – St. Moritz, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2007 – Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1st with Romy Logsch
2008 – Cesana, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2009 – St. Moritz, 1st with Berit Wiacker
World Cup Single Events
2000/2001 – Winterberg, 2nd with Daniela Clobes
2000/2001 – Winterberg, 3rd with Daniela Clobes
2000/2001 – Igls, 2nd with Kerstin Szymkowiak
2000/2001 – Igls, 2nd with Kerstin Szymkowiak
2000/2001 – Park City, 1st with Ulrike Holzner
2001/2002 – Winterberg, 1st with Ulrike Holzner
2001/2002 – Winterberg, 1st with Ulrike Holzner
2001/2002 – Königssee, 1st with Nicole Herschmann
2001/2002 – Igls, 1st with Ulrike Holzner
2001/2002 – Igls, 1st with Nicole Herschmann
2001/2002 – Calgary, 3rd with Ulrike Holzner
2001/2002 – Calgary, 3rd with Ulrike Holzner
2002/2003 – Calgary, 2nd with Ulrike Holzner
2002/2003 – Calgary, 1st with Ulrike Holzner
2002/2003 – Park City, 1st with Nicole Herschmann
2002/2003 – Park City, 1st with Ulrike Holzner
2002/2003 – Lake Placid, 1st with Ulrike Holzner
2002/2003 – Lake Placid, 1st with Nicole Herschmann
2002/2003 – Igls, 2nd with Nicole Herschmann
2002/2003 – Igls, 2nd with Ulrike Holzner
2003/2004 – Calgary, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2003/2004 – Calgary, 1st with Janine Tischer
2003/2004 – Lake Placid, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2003/2004 – Lake Placid, 2nd with Janine Tischer
2003/2004 – Lillehammer, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2003/2004 – Lillehammer, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2004/2005 – Winterberg, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2004/2005 – Altenberg, 2nd with Anja Schneiderheinze
2004/2005 – Igls, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2004/2005 – Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2004/2005 – Cesana, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2004/2005 – Lake Placid, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2005/2006 – Calgary, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2005/2006 – Lake Placid, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2005/2006 – Igls, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2005/2006 – Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2005/2006 – Königssee, 3rd with Anja Schneiderheinze
2005/2006 – St. Moritz, 2nd with Berit Wiacker
2006/2007 – Calgary, 3rd with Romy Logsch
2006/2007 – Lake Placid, 3rd with Anja Schneiderheinze
2006/2007 – Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1st with Romy Logsch
2006/2007 – Igls, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2006/2007 – Cesana, 1st with Anja Schneiderheinze
2006/2007 – Winterberg, 1st with Romy Logsch
2006/2007 – Königssee, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2007/2008 – Calgary, 3rd with Berit Wiacker
2007/2008 – Park City, 1st with Romy Logsch
2007/2008 – Lake Placid, 1st with Romy Logsch
2007/2008 – Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1st with Romy Logsch
2007/2008 – Cesana, 3rd with Berit Wiacker
2007/2008 – St. Moritz, 1st with Romy Logsch
2007/2008 – Königssee, 2nd with Berit Wiacker
2007/2008 – Winterberg, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2008/2009 – Winterberg, 2nd with Romy Logsch
2008/2009 – Altenberg, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2008/2009 – Igls, 3rd with Romy Logsch
2008/2009 – Königssee, 2nd with Romy Logsch
2008/2009 – St. Moritz, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2008/2009 – St. Moritz, 1st with Berit Wiacker
2008/2009 – Park City, 3rd with Patricia Polifka
References
Bobsleigh two-woman Olympic medalists since 2002
Bobsleigh two-woman world championship medalists since 2000
Mixed bobsleigh-skeleton world championship medalists since 2007
List of two-woman bobsleigh World Cup champions since 1995
NBCOlympics.com profile
1975 births
Living people
German female bobsledders
Sportspeople from Dresden
Bobsledders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Germany
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
German sports coaches
People from Bezirk Dresden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra%20Kiriasis |
Gwendolen Mary Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk, 12th Lady Herries of Terregles (née Constable-Maxwell; 11 January 1877 – 28 August 1945) was the eldest child of Marmaduke Constable-Maxwell, 11th Lord Herries of Terregles and his wife, Angela (née Fitzalan-Howard). On 15 February 1904, she married her first cousin once removed, Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk. The couple later had four children:
Lady (Mary) Rachel Fitzalan-Howard (1905–1992)
Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk (1908–1975)
Lady Katherine Mary Fitzalan-Howard (1912–2000)
Lady Winifred Alice Fitzalan-Howard (1914–2006)
Upon the death of her father in 1908, she, as the eldest child and daughter, inherited the Lordship Herries of Terregles. She died at her home Kinharvie House near New Abbey. A Requiem Mass was said at St Mary's in New Abbey before interment in the Norfolk burial vault at Arundel Castle in Sussex.
References
Sources
1877 births
1945 deaths
Gwendolen
Hereditary women peers
Lords Herries of Terregles
Gwendolen
Gwendolen
Wives of knights | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwendolen%20Fitzalan-Howard%2C%20Duchess%20of%20Norfolk |
Anja Schneiderheinze-Stöckel (; born 8 April 1978 in Erfurt) is a German bobsledder who has competed since 2001. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, she won gold in the two-woman event with teammate Sandra Kiriasis.
The pair also won two medals at the FIBT World Championships with a gold in 2005 and a silver in 2004.
References
Bobsleigh two-woman Olympic medalists since 2002
FIBT profile
Official website
External links
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Erfurt
German female bobsledders
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Germany
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
21st-century German women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anja%20Schneiderheinze-St%C3%B6ckel |
Public Square is the central plaza of Downtown Cleveland, Ohio. Based on an 18th-century New England model, it was part of the original 1796 town plat overseen by city founder General Moses Cleaveland of the Connecticut Land Company. The historical center of the city's downtown, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
The square is centered on the former intersection of Superior Avenue and Ontario Street. Cleveland's three tallest buildings, Key Tower, 200 Public Square and the Terminal Tower, face the square. Other landmarks adjacent to Public Square include the 1855 Old Stone Church and the former Higbee's department store made famous in the 1983 film A Christmas Story, which has been occupied by the Jack Cleveland Casino since 2012.
Originally designed as four separate squares bisected by Superior Avenue and Ontario Street, the square was redeveloped in 2016 by the city into a more pedestrian-friendly environment by routing most traffic around the square. The section of Ontario Street through the square was removed, while the section of Superior Avenue was rebuilt to only allow buses with stops for multiple bus lines of the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority. The northern half of the square is mostly green space and includes a statue to reformist mayor Tom L. Johnson. The southern half is mostly a paved plaza area with a cafe and water feature adjacent to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument and a statue of Moses Cleaveland.
History
Public Square was part of the Connecticut Land Company's original plan for the city, which were overseen by Moses Cleaveland in the 1790s. The square is signature of the layout for early New England towns, which Cleveland was modeled after. While it initially served as a common pasture for settlers' animals, less than a century later Public Square was the height of modernity, when in 1879 it became the first street in the world to be lit with electric street lights, arc lamps designed by Cleveland native Charles F. Brush. The square was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1975.
A parking lot now faces the northwest quadrant of the square. A 12-story building, which was built on the spot in 1913, was demolished in 1990 to make way for the new Ameritrust Center, an skyscraper designed by New York's Kohn Pedersen Fox. Before construction began, Ameritrust was acquired by Society Bank, which was also planning to construct and subsequently relocate to a new building on Public Square—Key Tower (formerly known as Society Center). Because Society did not need two skyscrapers, plans for the Ameritrust building across the square were scrapped.
Other buildings that face the square include 55 Public Square (1958), 75 Public Square (1915), the Society for Savings Building (1890), Metzenbaum Courthouse (1910), the former May Company department store (1914), the Park Building (1903), and the Renaissance Cleveland Hotel (1918). The demolished Cuyahoga Building (1893) and Williamson Building (1900) formerly stood on the site of 200 Public Square.
Public Square is often the site of political rallies and civic functions, including a free annual Independence Day concert by the Cleveland Orchestra. At the Balloonfest '86, close to 1.5 million balloons rose up from Public Square, engulfing the Terminal Tower and setting a world record.
2010s renovation
In collaboration with landscape architect James Corner, the city in 2009 began to explore concepts for a redesign of the square. In October 2011, Cleveland mayor Frank Jackson proposed his plan to redevelop the square, which included closing Superior Avenue and Ontario Street to create a large green space in the center. On October 23, 2014, the Cleveland Landmarks Commission approved a plan which closed Ontario Street but kept Superior Avenue open to bus traffic, and kept the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument prominent.
The project began construction on March 9, 2015, and was officially opened on June 30, 2016. Public Square's development was showcased during the Cleveland Cavaliers championship parade as a welcome sight with much of the construction materials removed to display the renovation. At first, buses did not run along Superior Avenue as planned, but in order to avoid a $12 million repayment of grants to the Federal Transit Administration, the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority agreed to run buses along it by March 2017. The City of Cleveland installed Jersey Barriers along Superior Avenue due to fears of terrorism contrary to the original design.
An episode of NBC's American Ninja Warrior was held in Public Square and aired in July 2017 A privately operated cafe, Rebol, located in the southwestern area of Public Square, opened in July 2016.
Transportation
Road
Public Square is bounded by East Roadway and West Roadway at the western and eastern ends and by Rockwell Avenue and South Roadway at the northern and southern ends.
In total, ten U.S. and state routes meet at Public Square. It is the northern terminus of SR 3, SR 8, and SR 43; the western terminus of US 322, US 422, SR 14, and SR 87; and the northeastern terminus of US 42. US 6 passes through the square on Superior, and US 20 enters from the west on Superior and leaves via Euclid Avenue. US 21 also terminated at Public Square until that route was truncated to Marietta in 1967.
Public transit
Public Square is adjacent to the Tower City transit station, served by three RTA rail lines. The HealthLine, a bus rapid transit line that travels along Euclid Avenue, terminates at Public Square.
Historical events and popular culture
On April 28, 1865, the casket of President Abraham Lincoln was on public view in Public Square during his body's trip back to Illinois.
On the evening of April 29, 1879, Charles F. Brush's new streetlights lit up Public Square for the first time utilizing a generator situated near the Square itself.
In 1881, President James A. Garfield lies in state in Public Square following his death
In 2011, Public Square was transformed into a beer garden and street scene in Stuttgart, Germany, for the filming of The Avengers.
Gallery
See also
Tower City Center
The Mall
References
Further reading
External links
Squares in Cleveland
Urban public parks
Historic districts in Cleveland
National Register of Historic Places in Cleveland, Ohio
Tourist attractions in Cleveland
U.S. Route 6
U.S. Route 20
U.S. Route 42
U.S. Route 322
Downtown Cleveland
U.S. Route 21 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Square%2C%20Cleveland |
Antonín Slavíček (16 May 1870 – 1 February 1910) was a Czech Impressionist painter who worked mostly in the area surrounding Kameničky.
Life
In 1887, he entered the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague, where he studied landscape painting with Julius Mařák. His studies were interrupted on several occasions, apparently due to disagreements with Mařák. In October 1899, Professor Mařák died and Slavíček applied to replace him, but was not accepted. The landscape painting speciality was discontinued.
An important friend of his was the art collector August Švagrovský. A large number of his paintings passed from Švagrovský's collection to the museum in Roudnice.
His wife fell seriously ill in 1908, making it necessary to travel to Dubrovnik for treatment, and he broke his arm during their stay there. After it had healed, in August 1909, they took a vacation to the Orlické Mountains and, while he was swimming in the , he had a stroke that paralyzed his right side. A long period of recovery followed. He made several attempts to paint with his left hand, but the results were disappointing. Soon after, he shot himself while "in a state of insanity", according to the death certificate. His widow, Bohumila, married a family friend, the painter Herbert Masaryk; son of Tomáš Masaryk.
His son Jan also became a painter, and his son Jiří was a well-known screenwriter and director.
Selected paintings
References
Further reading
Vítězslav Nezval: Antonín Slavíček, A Great Czech Painter. Artia, Prague (1955)
External links
Works relating to Antonín Slavíček @ Národní Knihovny ČR (Czech National Library)
Česká Televize, "Garden Wall" by Slavíček, at the National Gallery: An appreciation by Monika Sybolová
1870 births
1910 deaths
19th-century Czech painters
Deaths in Austria-Hungary
Czech Impressionist painters
Painters from Prague
Burials at Olšany Cemetery
1910 suicides
19th-century Czech male artists
Painters from Austria-Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn%20Slav%C3%AD%C4%8Dek |
Shauna Linn Rohbock (born April 4, 1977) is a retired Olympic medal-winning bobsledder, former professional soccer player, and is a staff sergeant in the Utah Army National Guard. After retiring from competitions she worked as a bobsled coach at the Utah Olympic Park.
Early life
Rohbock was raised in Orem, Utah, and is a graduate of Orem's Mountain View High School and Brigham Young University, where she studied recreation management. She graduated from BYU with a Bachelor of Science in 1999. She is the middle child among seven siblings, and has five sisters and one brother. Rohbock is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
While attending college, she set several BYU Cougars women's soccer records, scoring 95 goals in 368 shots during her 90-game career there. Her 95 goals places her sixth (as of 2006) on the NCAA career scoring list.
In 2000 she joined the Utah Army National Guard and became a member of the National Guard Outstanding Athlete Program.
Soccer career
At the professional level, she played for the San Diego Spirit of the Women's United Soccer Association in 2003.
Bobsleigh career
Rohbock competed in the bobsled at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, winning silver in the two-woman event with teammate Valerie Fleming. Rohbock's best overall finish in the Bobsleigh World Cup was second in 2006–2007 with Fleming. She won her first career World Cup win at the Calgary race, followed by a second win at the World Cup held at Park City, Utah on December 8, 2006. She delivered a 48.73 second run that shattered the Park City track record previously set by Jill Bakken in 2002. Rohbock and Fleming has also won bronze medals at the World Championships in 2005 and 2007. Rohbock has competed in bobsled since 1999. At the 2009 world championships in Lake Placid, New York, she won a silver medal in the two-woman event with Elana Meyers, then won a bronze in the mixed team event.
Rohbock was named to the US Olympic team for the 2010 Winter Olympics on January 16, 2010, where she finished sixth in the two-woman event.
She coached the Brazilian men's bobsled team at the 2018 Winter Olympics, a role she combined with a position as part of the coaching team for the United States squad.
In May 2018, President Donald Trump appointed Rohbock to be a member of his Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition.
Career highlights
Olympic Winter Games
2006 – Torino, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
World Championships
2005 – Calgary, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2007 – St. Moritz, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2009 – Lake Placid, 2nd with Elana Meyers
World Cup
2004/2005 – Altenberg, 3rd with Erin Pac
2004/2005 – Igls, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2004/2005 – Cesana, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2005/2006 – Calgary, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2005/2006 – Lake Placid, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2006/2006 – Igls, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2006/2006 – Cortina d'Ampezzo, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2006/2007 – Calgary, 1st with Valerie Fleming
2006/2007 – Park City, 1st with Valerie Fleming
2006/2007 – Lake Placid, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2006/2007 – Igls, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2006/2007 – Cesana, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2006/2007 – Winterberg, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2006/2007 – Königssee, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2007/2008 – Park City, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2007/2008 – Cesana, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2007/2008 – Winterberg, 3rd with Valerie Fleming
2008/2009 – Altenberg, 3rd with Elana Meyers
2008/2009 – Igls, 2nd with Valerie Fleming
2008/2009 – Königssee, 1st with Valerie Fleming
2008/2009 – Whistler, 1st with Elana Meyers
Personal life
Rohbock is married to her former bobsleigh teammate Valerie Fleming, and has two children.
References
External links
16 January 2010 US Bobsled and Skeleton Federation announcement of the US Olympic women's bobsled team. – accessed January 18, 2010.
Bobsleigh two-woman Olympic medalists since 2002
WUSA player profile
BYU soccer profile
BYU track and field profile
WCAP profile
Health.gov profile
1977 births
Living people
American female bobsledders
BYU Cougars women's soccer players
American Latter Day Saints
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Female United States Army personnel
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in bobsleigh
Sportspeople from Orem, Utah
San Diego Spirit players
Women's United Soccer Association players
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
American women's soccer players
Women's association football forwards
Sports coaches from Utah
United States Army non-commissioned officers
United States women's international soccer players
Utah National Guard personnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shauna%20Rohbock |
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