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The Information Architecture Institute (IA Institute or IAI) was a non-profit volunteer organization dedicated to advancing and promoting information architecture. The organization, originally known as the Asilomar Institute for Information Architecture, was incorporated in November 2002, and was a 501(c)(6) organization. It grew to become one of the world's largest professional groups for web specialists, with over 1200 members in 60 countries, It was dissolved in September 2019 and is no longer a professional board of trade.
The institute broadly defined "information architecture" as:
The structural design of shared information environments.
The art and science of organizing and labeling web sites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability.
An emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape.
Founding of the Institute
The Information Architecture Institute was founded in 2001 by Peter Morville, Lou Rosenfeld, Erin Malone, Lisa Chan, Christina Wodtke, Andrew Hinton, Michael Angeles, Jesse James Garrett, Karl Fast, Thomas Vander Wal, Jess McMullin and Todd Wilkens, who met in Asilomar to define and create the organization. The founding board, elected in 2002 consisted of Christina Wodtke, President, Lou Rosenfeld, Treasurer, Victor Lombardi, Secretary, Peter Morville and John Zapolski.
During the first week of the creation of the Institute, 163 charter joined. This number became 400 by August 2003. Thes members came from 26 countries. These first member where of crucial importance to make progress to the IAI first projects:
AIfIA Translations
Metrics for IA
Membership Directory
Education Curriculum
F2F, a face-to-face project for IAfIA members meet-up
Job Board
The Institute at its foundation, with its mission of advance in the field of shared information environments, defined goals for the first year:
Bring value to practitioners of IA
Advance in the field of information architecture
Support these goals by creating sustainable infrastructure & operations
Publications
The Journal of Information Architecture is an independent initiative of REG-iA, the Research & Education Group in IA. It published papers from 2009 through 2013 and was sponsored by the Information Architecture Institute and by Copenhagen Business School.
Conferences
The IA Institute had its own IDEA Conference until 2010. In 2018, the IA Institute Board voted to be an executive sponsor for The IA Conference 2019. </ref>
References
External links
Information Architecture Institute
International professional associations
501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20Architecture%20Institute |
Bengali ( Bangla) is one of the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, which evolved from Magadhi Prakrit, native to the eastern Indian subcontinent. The core of Bengali vocabulary is thus etymologically of Magadhi Prakrit origin, with significant ancient borrowings from the older substrate language(s) of the region. However, in medieval times, more borrowings have occurred, from Sanskrit, Arabic, Classical Persian, Turkic and other languages has led to the adoption of a wide range of words with foreign origins; thus making the origins of borrowed words in the Bengali vocabulary numerous and diverse, due to centuries of contact with various languages.
Classifications of origin types
The typical Bengali dictionary lists 75,000 separate words, of which 50,000 (67%) are considered to be তদ্ভব tôdbhôbô (inherited Indo-Aryan vocabulary), 21,100 (28%) are তৎসম tôtśômô (words directly borrowed from Sanskrit), and the rest being borrowings from দেশী deśi "indigenous" and বিদেশী bideśi "foreign" sources. There are more than five lac Bengali vocabulary in this language overall including other languages which is used as Bengali.
However, these figures do not take into account the fact that a huge chunk of these words are archaic or highly technical, minimising their actual usage. The productive vocabulary used in modern literary works, in fact, is made up mostly 67% of native tôdbhôbô words, while tôtśômô borrowings only make up 25% of the total. Deśi and bideśi borrowings together make up the remaining 8% of the vocabulary used in modern Bengali literature.
Differences in vocabulary
This table below compares the differences of spoken and used Bengali vocabularies in Dhaka (Bangladesh) & Shantipur (West Bengal, India).
Examples of borrowed words
Due to centuries of contact with Mughals, Arabs, Persians, Central Asians, and Europeans the Bengali language has absorbed countless words from foreign languages, often totally integrating these borrowings into the core vocabulary. The most common borrowings from foreign languages come from three different kinds of contact. After centuries of contact from Persia and the Middle East, followed by the invasions of the Mughal Empire, numerous Turkic, Arabic, and Persian words were absorbed and fully integrated into the lexicon. Later, European colonialism brought words from Portuguese, French, Dutch, and most significantly English. Some very common borrowings are shown below.
Sanskrit (সংস্কৃত Sôṅskritô)
Substrate languages (দেশী Deśi “Native”)
Foreign (বিদেশী Bideśi)
Classical Persian (ফারসি Farsi)
Arabic (আরবি Arbi)
Turkic (তুর্কি Turki)
Portuguese (পর্তুগিজ Pôrtugij)
Dutch (ওলন্দাজ Olôndaj)
English (ইংরেজি Iṅreji)
French (ফরাসি Phôrasi)
Chinese (চীনা Cīna)
Japanese (জাপানি Japani/নিহোঙ্গো Nihoṅgo)
Burmese (বর্মী Bôrmī)
German (জার্মান Jarman)
Italian (ইতালীয় Italīẏô)
References
Bengali language
Languages of India
Languages of Bangladesh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali%20vocabulary |
Carthage High School is a public high school located in Carthage, Missouri, United States.
History
Carthage's first school likely opened around 1848, on the town square's north side. (Surviving records are unclear at best, but numerous sources make mention of such a school.)
The first high school opened its doors at the present location in 1860, with Samuel Kealand acting as its first Principal. Officially named the Carthage Male and Female Academy, the school was built at a cost of $1,000, on donated land. As was fashionable at the time, the wood-framed building included a cupola, complete with a 125 lb (275 kg) cast iron bell, that was imported from Sheffield, England. The Male and Female Academy was destroyed in an 1861 fire, when the city was razed during the American Civil War. The bell is the only part of that original building that survives. It was restored and placed on permanent display in the current school in 1917, through donations from alumni.
Following the Civil War, the Central School was built in 1872, on the location of the destroyed Male and Female Academy. A stately red brick structure, it stood on the corner of Main and Chestnut Streets for the next 79 years. After construction of the current school building to its north, the old Central School building was converted to an annex and renamed the Manual Arts Building. The building was eventually demolished in 1951, to make way for the current school's gymnasium addition.
Due to the post-war zinc and lead mining boom in southwest Missouri, Carthage saw significant population growth. This led to the need for a larger high school. In 1904, the high school (the current junior high) was completed, at a cost of $100,000.
Location and campus
The new campus was completed in March 2009 and opened that same year in August. The building houses 9th through 12th grades and the former senior high, now the junior high, is home to 7th and 8th graders. Carthage High School is now located on the southeastern edge of town on River Street close to the facilities of the Fair Acres YMCA. In fact, the high school soccer and swim teams use the YMCA's pool and soccer fields to practice. The new Technical Center opened in 2010 on the high school campus.
Notably, the school's football stadium and related practice facilities are still located on the campus of the Carthage Middle School, on Centennial Avenue. There have been attempts in recent years to construct a new stadium on the land adjacent to the high school along with a separate soccer/track and field complex and much more.
Nearing the end of the 2016, there was a new stadium/field house being constructed on the land adjacent to the current school. David Haffner Stadium was completed and released to the public in June 2017.
Academics
Carthage High School has continued to receive high marks from the Missouri State Accreditation Counsel for distinction in academic performance. Additionally, the school's ACT Test average score is higher than the national average. Carthage High school offers students the opportunity to engage in college level coursework through Advanced Placement Classes and Dual Credit Enrollment from the surrounding colleges. CHS has also received high scores on student End-Of-Course Examinations, mandated by the State of Missouri. In 2011, Carthage the "5 Star Leadership School" Distinction, which encourages students to become even more active in regard to sportsmanship, character, education, and citizenship. Carthage was one of few schools to receive this award.
Notable alumni
Marcus B. Bell, U.S. Army brigadier general
Emily Newell Blair, writer, suffragist, national Democratic Party leader, a founder of the League of Women Voters
Janet L. Kavandi, NASA astronaut and veteran of three Space Shuttle missions
Marlin Perkins, naturalist and host of TV's Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom
Cody Smith, member of the Missouri House of Representatives
Charles Wright, CFL and NFL pro football player
Felix Wright, CFL and NFL pro football player
Gallery
References
Sources
Carthaginian, vol. 4 (1914 school yearbook)
Carthaginian, vol. 41 (1951 school yearbook)
Carthaginian, vol. 42 (1952 school yearbook)
Carthaginian, vol. 77 (1987 school yearbook)
External links
Carthage High School website
Carthage R-9 School District website
Public high schools in Missouri
Educational institutions established in 1860
Schools in Jasper County, Missouri
1860 establishments in Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage%20Senior%20High%20School%20%28Carthage%2C%20Missouri%29 |
This is a list of newspapers in Uruguay.
Current Newspapers
Brecha (Montevideo) Digital edition
Búsqueda (Montevideo) Digital edition
El Observador (Montevideo) Digital edition
El País (Montevideo) Digital edition
La Diaria (Montevideo) Digital edition
La República (Montevideo) Digital edition
MercoPress (Montevideo) Digital edition
Últimas Noticias (Montevideo) Digital edition
El Telégrafo (Paysandú) Digital edition
Defunct newspapers
El Día (Montevideo)
El Diario (Montevideo)
La Mañana (Montevideo)
The Montevideo Times (Montevideo)
Germinal (Montevideo)
Acción
El Plata
See also
List of newspapers
External links
Uruguay
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Uruguay |
Below is a list of newspapers published in Bhutan.
Bhutan Observer — English and Dzongkha; formerly bi-weekly, now only online
The Bhutan Times — English; weekly
Bhutan Today — English; bi-weekly
Bhutan Youth — English
The Bhutanese — English and Dzongkha; weekly
Business Bhutan — English and Dzongkha; weekly
Druk Neytshul — Dzongkha
Druk Yoedzer — Dzongkha
Gyalchi Sarshog — Dzongkha
The Journalist — English and Dzongkha; weekly
Kuensel — English and Dzongkha; daily
External sites with news about Bhutan
Bhutan News Service - English and Nepali; located outside Bhutan
See also
Media of Bhutan
External links
Newspapers List of Bhutan
Bhutan InfoCom and Media Authority
References
Bhutan
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Bhutan |
The Tren Suburbano () is an electric suburban rail system in Mexico City. It is operated by Ferrocarriles Suburbanos with concessioned trains from Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF). It was designed to complement the extensive Mexico City metro system, Latin America's largest and busiest urban rail network.
The railway has one operative line with a length of with seven stations, located in Cuauhtémoc and Azcapotzalco in Mexico City, and Tlalnepantla, Tultitlán and Cuautitlán, in the State of Mexico. A second line is under construction to connect with the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) in Zumpango. Additional expansions were proposed in the 2000s with a total length of of rail system.
History and description
Line 1 covers a route measuring from Mexico City's Buenavista Station to the State of Mexico's Cuautitlán. The section, which began commercial service on June 2, 2008 (after three weeks of fare-free trial operation), cost US$706 million to build, with the Mexican Federal Government contributing 55% of this investment. The inaugural demonstration trip of the service from Buenavista to Lechería Station and back again was made by then-President of Mexico, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, and then-Governor of the State of Mexico (and eventual president of the country), Enrique Peña Nieto, with Calderón acting as the train's engineer.
Line 1 was built on an existing at-grade railroad right of way. However, inside Mexico City itself on the approach to Buenavista Station, a considerable amount of grade separation, including below-grade excavation and new bridges, was necessary due to high density and traffic congestion. The construction elicited complaints by Mexico City residents who objected to having their neighborhoods split by the rail line, but the public supported the project overall.
In addition to the track, the construction of Tren Suburbano also benefited from like-new electrification infrastructure already in place along most of the route, part of National Railways of Mexico (NdeM)'s Mexico City-Querétaro 25 kV 60 Hz mainline electrification completed in the 1990s but de-energized a few years later after NdeM was privatized.
On August 24, 2005, Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, S.A. (CAF) obtained a 30-year concession to supply rolling stock, build and operate the Tren Suburbano. The trains used on this service are electric trains built by CAF and are similar to the series 2000 trains of the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos of São Paulo, Brazil.
Service
Ridership
Line 1 was projected to carry 100 million passengers annually. From the period of June 1, 2008 through July 7, 2008, the service carried one million passengers, or an average of approximately 30,000 passengers per day, which is a rate far below the annual projections. As of January 31, 2010 according to the head of Comercialización y Administración de Riesgos del Ferrocarril Suburbano stated that Line 1 of the Suburban Railway of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area served an average of 88,000 passengers per day. As of the end of 2012, ridership reached 132,000 per day, short of the 192,000 per day the private operator needed to stay solvent due to the high initial upfront cost and debt schedule. In 2012, the system ran an operational profit, but the profit was not high enough to cover accumulated debt repayment yet. Ridership had increased to 184,000 per day as of 2015. As of 2018, the Tren Suburbano had an average of 200,000 passengers per day. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, ridership decreased 73% as of May 2020.
Trains are scheduled every 6 minutes during peak hours.
Fare structure
As of 2021, the fares are 9.50 pesos (approximately US$0.45) for a trip of three or fewer stations and 21.50 pesos (approximately US$1) for longer trips of four or more stations. Fares are paid using a rechargeable card that costs 15.00 pesos.
Stations
{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!rowspan="2" | No.
!rowspan="2" | Station
!rowspan="2" | Date opened
!rowspan="2" | Level
!colspan="2" | Distance (km)
!rowspan="2" | Connection
!rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Location
|-
!style="font-size: 65%;"|Betweenstations
!style="font-size: 65%;"|Total
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|01
|Buenavista
| rowspan="5" |2 June 2008
|Grade level, overground access
|style="text-align:right;"|-
|style="text-align:right;"|0.0
|
Buenavista
(at distance)
Line B: Buenavista station
Line 1: Buenavista station
Line 3: Buenavista station
Line 4: Buenavista station
Routes: 10-E, 11-C, 12-B
|Cuauhtémoc
|rowspan=2| Mexico City
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|02
|Fortuna
|Grade level, overground and underground access
|style="text-align:right;"|5.25
|style="text-align:right;"|5.25
|
Line 6: Ferrería/Arena Ciudad de México station
Routes: 19, 19-A, 107-B
|Azcapotzalco
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|03
|Tlalnepantla
| rowspan="5" | Grade level, overground access
|style="text-align:right;"|5.12
|style="text-align:right;"|10.37
|
Tlalnepantla
|rowspan=2| Tlalnepantla
|rowspan=5| State of Mexico
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|04
|San Rafael
|style="text-align:right;"|3.45
|style="text-align:right;"|13.82
|
San Rafael
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|05
|Lechería
|style="text-align:right;"|4.22
|style="text-align:right;"|18.04
|
Lechería
Line II: Lechería station
|rowspan=2| Tultitlán
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|06
|Tultitlán
| rowspan="2" |5 January 2009
|style="text-align:right;"|4.06
|style="text-align:right;"|22.10
|
Tultitlán
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|07
|Cuautitlán
|style="text-align:right;"|3.91
|style="text-align:right;"|26.01
|
Cuautitlán
|Cuautitlán
|}
Expansion
Felipe Ángeles International Airport–Lechería
A proposed branch route toward the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) in Zumpango is expected to be completed by the first third of 2024. It will run from Lechería station through six new stations to the airport terminal. The line follows the route of a previously proposed branch from Lechería to Jaltocan, and it will pass through the municipalities of Tultitlán, Tultepec, Nextlalpan and Zumpango.
{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!rowspan="2" | No.
!rowspan="2" | Station
!rowspan="2" | Level
!rowspan="2" | Connection
!rowspan="2" | Location
|-
!style="font-size: 1%;"|
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|08
|Cueyamil
| rowspan="7" | Grade level, overground access
|
Cueyamil
| rowspan="2" |Tultitlán
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|09
|Los Agaves
|
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|10
|Teyahualco
|
Teyahualco
| Tultepec
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|11
|Prados Sur
|
Prados Sur
|Tultitlán
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|12
|Nextlalpan
|
| rowspan="2" |Nextlalpan
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|13
| Jaltocan
|
Jaltocan
|-
|style="background: #FF1100; color: white;"|14
|AIFA
|
Felipe Ángeles International Airport
Line I: Terminal de Pasajeros station
|Zumpango
|}
Previous proposals
In the 2000s, authorities proposed extending the system to a length of , in order to reduce Mexico City's heavy road traffic congestion and air pollution. In most cases the system would follow existing rail lines, with potential grade separations similar to the ones done on the initial segment.
In December 2006, SCT announced that approval had been given for a route extending from Jardines de Morelos to Martín Carrera; and another route running from Chalco to La Paz. Neither line was ever built.
See also
Buenavista metro station
Buenavista railway station (old)
Commuter rail in North America
Ferrovalle
List of suburban and commuter rail systems
List of Mexican railroads
Rail transport in Mexico
El Insurgente
Notes
References
External links
Ferrocarril Suburbano – Official Site
See definition on Ferropedia
Renderings of railroad cars
Official SCT video and details of the Ferrocarril Suburbano, in Spanish
MEXLIST, the group for Mexican railway information
25 kV AC railway electrification
Electric railways in Mexico
Railway companies of Mexico
Railway lines opened in 2008
Rail transportation in Mexico City
Standard gauge railways in Mexico
Transportation in the State of Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tren%20Suburbano |
This is a list of newspapers in Brunei.
Berita Brunei - first published in March 1957; October 1959 it was renamed as Berita Borneo
Bintang Harian - published in both Malay and English; first appeared in March 1966
Borneo Bulletin - first appeared on November 7, 1953; the only newspaper in Brunei to publish seven days a week
BruDirect - also known as Brunei Direct; an online newspaper and the largest online media information tool; a pioneer in the field of online media in Brunei Darussalam; the website has an audience of 70,000 to 80,000 visits per day
The Brunei Times - introduced in 2006, defunct since 2016
The Daily Star - published in both Malay and English; first appeared in March 1966
Government's Pelita Brunei - first published in 1956
Media Permata - Brunei's only daily newspaper in Malay language
Pelita Brunei
Salam Seria - first published in 1952 by the British Malayan Petroleum Company
Suara Bakti - publication by a former political party; published in October 1961
The Brunei Post - introduced in 2021, an independent online publication start-up.
See also
Newspapers List of Brunei
List of newspapers
Brunei
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Brunei |
Below is a list of newspapers published in Cambodia.
Newspapers
CambodgeMag (French)
The Cambodia Daily (English)
Khmer Times (English)
Koh Santepheap Daily (Khmer), founded in 1967
Moneaksekar Khmer (Khmer)
The Nation Post (Khmer)
The Phnom Penh Post (English)
The Phnom Penh WEEK (English)
Rasmei Kampuchea Daily (Khmer)
Sneha Cheat (Khmer)
The Southeast Asia Weekly (English)
Sralanh Khmer (Khmer)
Thngay Pram Py Makara News
The Voice of Khmer Youth (Khmer)
See also
Mass media in Cambodia
References
Newspapers List of Cambodia
Cambodia
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Cambodia |
Lakewood School District may refer to:
Lakewood School District (New Jersey), Lakewood, New Jersey
Lakewood School District (Washington), North Lakewood, Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood%20School%20District |
The High School of Graphic Communication Arts (H.S.G.C.A.) is a vocational high school located in the Hell's Kitchen section of Manhattan in New York City. Founded in 1925 as the New York School of Printing, the school is divided into five academies that offer basic instruction in several fields including printing, photography, journalism, visual arts, and law enforcement.
History
The building that now houses the school was built in 1959 by the architectural firm of Kelly & Gruzen (now known as Gruzen Samton Architects) and is one of the best known structures designed utilizing a vigorous display of the international architectural style movement in the city. It was also the first high school in the city to have escalators. The school is home to a mural, located at its main entrance, that was designed by Hans Hofmann, one of the leading artists of the Abstract Expressionist movement. The building is located on West 49th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues.
The school was the original home of Metropolitan Playhouse, resident until 1995, and has since leased some of its space to the Manhattan Playhouse to serve as a community theater that showcases many local off-Broadway productions.
In October 2010, it was announced that the school was on the New York City Department of Education's shortlist of schools targeted for closing. It was one of two schools in Manhattan on the list, and the only high school in the borough scheduled to be closed due to poor academic performance. On 26 April 2012, the city's Board of Education voted to close the school after the then-current class graduated in June 2012. On May 11, 2012, the city's education department announced that the school would be reopened in the fall 2012 as the Creative Digital Minds High School. However, on June 29, 2012, a ruling by a legal arbitrator announced that all 24 schools slated to close under the city's "Turn Around" program (which included Graphics) would remain open. The ruling halted a central element of Mayor Michael Bloomberg's plans for closing and reopening the affected schools, saying its method for overhauling the staff at those institutions violated existing labor contracts.
The Success Academy Charter Schools group planned to open an elementary school in the same building as the high school in 2013. The location was suggested by the city's education department. In addition, Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan Middle School was planned to open for school year 2015–2016 to educate the middle school grades of several other Success Academies.
Notable alumni
Carolyn Butts – journalist, literary agent, film producer, and founding publisher of African Voices literary magazine
Dan Dorfman – financial journalist
David Horowitz – consumer advocate
Wilbert Mora – late New York City Police Officer who was shot on January 21, 2022, while responding to a domestic violence call in Harlem.
References
External links
School Improvement Scenario website
Public high schools in Manhattan
Educational institutions established in 1925
School buildings completed in 1959
Modernist architecture in New York City
International style architecture in New York City
Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan
1925 establishments in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20School%20of%20Graphic%20Communication%20Arts |
John Philip Swasey (September 4, 1839 – May 27, 1928) was U.S. Representative from Maine from 1908 to 1911.
Biography
Swasey was born in Canton, Maine on September 4, 1839, and attended the Canton public schools, Dearborn Academy, Hebron Academy, Maine State Seminary (Bates College), and Tufts College. During the American Civil War, he served as a first lieutenant in Company K, Seventeenth Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry in the Union Army. In 1863 Swasey became an attorney in Canton, Maine where he later served as a county attorney, state legislator, and revenue assessor. Swasey was elected on November 3, 1908, as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles E. Littlefield and was elected to the Sixty-first Congress and served from November 3, 1908, to March 3, 1911. Swasey died on May 27, 1928, and was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery.
See also
List of Bates College people
References
Retrieved on 2008-02-15
External links
Bates College alumni
Tufts University alumni
Union Army officers
American prosecutors
People from Canton, Maine
1839 births
1928 deaths
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20P.%20Swasey |
Lindenthal ( , ) is a borough of the City of Cologne in Germany. It includes the quarters Braunsfeld, Junkersdorf, Klettenberg, Lindenthal, Lövenich, Müngersdorf, Sülz, Weiden and Widdersdorf. It has about 153,000 inhabitants (as of December 2019) and covers an area of 41.8 square kilometers.
Many parts of Lindenthal are dominated by academic and research campuses, primarily linked to the University of Cologne and the German Sport University. The latter has a campus at Sportpark Müngersdorf, next to RheinEnergieStadion and the European College of Sport Science.
The Cologne University Hospital has a vast campus around the Kerpener Straße. Other institutions include the Max Planck Institutes for Biology of Ageing and Plant Breeding Research.
Cologne's Melaten-Friedhof is located on Aachener Straße.
History
During the Cold War, the headquarters of the I Belgian Corps was located in Junkersdorf.
Subdivisions
Lindenthal consists of nine Stadtteile (city quarters, in local dialect Veedel):
Transportation
Lindenthal is served by numerous railway stations and highway. Train station include Köln-Lövenich, Köln-Müngersdorf/Technologiepark and Köln-Weiden West, as well as numerous light rail stations of Cologne Stadtbahn lines 1, 7, 9, 13 and 18. Aachener Straße and Luxemburger Straße connect Lindenthal with the Cologne Ring and Cologne Beltway.
Twin towns – sister cities
Lindenthal is "twinned" with the following cities:
Benfleet, United Kingdom
Diepenbeek, Belgium
Igny, France
References
External links
Official webpage of the district
Boroughs and quarters of Cologne
Academic enclaves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindenthal%2C%20Cologne |
This is a list of newspapers in Indonesia.
National newspapers
All newspapers listed below are in Indonesian.
General newspapers
Business newspapers
Sports newspapers
Tabloids
Local newspapers
All newspapers listed below are in Indonesian.
Newspaper chain
Note: Some members of these chain are shown below this sub-section.
Jawa Pos News Network – owned by Jawa Pos Group
Sumatera Ekspres Group
Riau Pos Group
Fajar Indonesia Network
Tribun Network – owned by Kompas Gramedia
List of newspapers
(*) indicates a local insertion of Jawa Pos
Aceh
Rakyat Aceh
Serambi Indonesia
North Sumatra
Analisa
Metro Siantar
Pos Metro Medan
Sinar Indonesia Baru
Sumut Pos
Tribun Medan
Waspada
Metro Tabagsel
Metro Asahan
West Sumatra
Haluan
Padang Ekspres
Pos Metro Padang
Rakyat Sumbar
Singgalang
Riau
Haluan Riau
Riau Pos
Tribun Pekanbaru
Metro Riau
Dumai Pos
Pekanbaru Pos
Riau Island
Haluan Kepri
Pos Metro Batam
Tanjungpinang Pos
Batam Pos
Tribun Batam
Jambi
Bungo Independent
Bute Ekspres
Jambi Ekspres
Jambi Independent
Metro Jambi
Tribun Jambi
South Sumatra
Linggau Pos
Palembang Independent
Palembang Ekspres
Palembang Pos
Pos Metro Palembang
Radar Palembang
Rakyat Palembang
Sriwijaya Post
Sumatera Ekspres
Tribun Sumsel
Prabumulih Pos
Enim Ekspres
Harian Oku Selatan
Bangka Belitung
Babel Pos
Bangka Pos
Pos Belitung
Belitong Ekspres
Bengkulu
Bengkulu Ekspress
Curup Ekspress
Radar Lebong
Radar Kepahiang
Radar Seluma
Radar Utara
Rakyat Bengkulu
Radar Bengkulu
Rakyat Benteng
Lampung
Lampung Ekspress
Lampung Post
Radar Lampung
Radar Lambar
Radar Lamsel
Radar Lamteng
Tribun Lampung
Banten
Banten Pos
Banten Raya
Radar Banten
Tangerang Ekspres
Tangsel Pos
Special Capital Region of Jakarta
Poskota
Warta Kota
West Java
Cianjur Ekspres
Galamedia
Jabar Ekspres
Pasundan Ekspres
Pikiran Rakyat
Radar Bandung
Radar Bekasi
Radar Bogor
Radar Cirebon
Radar Depok
Radar Karawang
Radar Sukabumi
Radar Tasikmalaya
Sumedang Ekspres
Tribun Jabar
Central Java
Semarang Post
Suara Merdeka
Solopos
Tribun Jateng
Wawasan
Radar Tegal
Radar Semarang*
Radar Pekalongan
Radar Banyumas
Radar Kudus*
Radar Solo*
Special Region of Yogyakarta
Harian Jogja
Kedaulatan Rakyat
Koran Merapi
Minggu Pagi (weekly)
Radar Jogja*
Tribun Jogja
East Java
Malang Post
Memorandum
Radar Banyuwangi*
Radar Mojokerto*
Radar Jember*
Radar Madiun*
Radar Bromo*
Radar Kediri*
Radar Bojonegoro*
Radar Malang*
Radar Madura*
Radar Tulungagung*
Radar Semeru*
Radar Surabaya
Surabaya Pagi
Surya
Bali
Bali Post
Tribun Bali
Radar Bali
West Nusa Tenggara
Lombok Post
Suara NTB
Radar Sumbawa
Bimeks
Radar Lombok
East Nusa Tenggara
Pos Kupang
Timor Ekspres
West Kalimantan
Kapuas Pos
Metro Pontianak
Pontianak Post
Tribun Pontianak
Central Kalimantan
Kalteng Pos
Radar Sampit
Tabengan
East Kalimantan
Balikpapan Pos
Bontang Post
Kaltim Post
Koran Kaltim
Samarinda Pos
Tribun Kaltim
Swara Kaltim
South Kalimantan
Banjarmasin Post
Kalselpos
Radar Banjarmasin
North Kalimantan
Radar Tarakan
North Sulawesi
Bolmong Raya
Koran Manado
Manado Post
Radar Manado
Tribun Manado
South Sulawesi
Berita Kota Makassar
Fajar
Palopo Pos
Pare Pos
Rakyat Sulsel
Radar Bone
Radar Selatan
Tribun Timur
Ujungpandang Ekspres
Southeast Sulawesi
Buton Pos
Kendari Ekspres
Kendari Pos
Rakyat Sultra
Sultra Satu
Central Sulawesi
Luwuk Post
Palu Ekspres
Radar Sulteng
Metro Sulawesi
Mercusuar
Sulteng Raya
Gorontalo
Gorontalo Post
Radar Gorontalo
West Sulawesi
Radar Sulbar
Maluku
Ambon Ekspres
Siwalima
North Maluku
Malut Post
West Papua
Radar Papua
Radar Sorong
Papua
Cenderawasih Pos
Koran Jubi (weekly)
Radar Timika
Foreign-language newspapers
Chinese
Harian Indonesia (印度尼西亞日报)
Harian Inhua (印华日报)
Harian Nusantara (千岛日报)
Indonesia Shang Bao (印度尼西亞商报 / 印尼商报)
Yinni Guoji Ribao (International Daily News) (国际日报)
English
International Bali Post
The Bali Times
The Jakarta Post
Independent Observer
Japanese
The Daily Jakarta Shimbun (じゃかるた新聞)
Defunct and historical newspapers
Malay/Indonesian
Contemporary (1945–present)
Bernas (Yogyakarta) – ceased publication in 2018, continued online
Harian Bola – daily version of Bola
Harian Pelita (Jakarta) – ceased publication in 2019, continued online
Indonesia Raya (Jakarta)
Indopos (Jakarta) – ceased publication in 2020, continued online
Republika (Jakarta) – ceased publication in 2022, continued online
Sinar Harapan (Jakarta) – ceased publication in 2015, continued online
Suara Pembaruan (Jakarta)
Sin Po (Jakarta, Indonesian-language edition)
Suara Karya – continued online
Surabaya Post (East Java)
Warta Bhakti (Jakarta)
Historical (defunct before 1945)
Djawa Tengah (Central Java)
Han Po (Palembang)
Medan Prijaji
Neratja
Pemandangan
Perniagaan
Selompret Melajoe (Central Java)
Sikap
Tjahaja Timoer (East Java)
Tjhoen Tjhioe
Warna Warta (Central Java)
Party-owned
Abadi (Masyumi)
Harian Rakjat (Communist Party of Indonesia)
Pedoman (Indonesian Socialist Party)
Suara Katolik (Catholic Party)
Suluh Indonesia (National Party of Indonesia)
Chinese
Hua Chi Pao
Keng Po (競報)
Sin Po (新报, Chinese-language edition)
Dutch
Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad
De Indische Courant
De Locomotief
Het Vrije Woord
Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië
Soerabaijasch Handelsblad
English
Bali Daily
Indonesia Observer
Jakarta Globe – ceased publication in 2015, continued online
Times of Indonesia
See also
List of magazines in Indonesia
Media of Indonesia
Footnotes
Further reading
Hemant Shah, and Gati Gayatri. "Development News in Elite and Non-Elite Newspapers in Indonesia" Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (June 1994) 71#2 pp: 411-420 doi: 10.1177/107769909407100214
Hill, David T. The Press in New Order Indonesia (Equinox Publishing, 2006) online
Hill, David T. Journalism and Politics in Indonesia: A Critical Biography of Mochtar Lubis (1922-2004) as Editor and Author (2010)
Isa, Zubaidah. "Printing and publishing in Indonesia, 1602-1970' (PhD Dissertation, Indiana University, 1972.)
Indonesia
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Indonesia |
The first newspaper in Iraq was Journal Iraq published by Ottoman Wali, Dawud Pasha, in Baghdad in 1816.
This is a list of newspapers in Iraq.
A–G
Al Anbaa (Fallujah)
Al Hawza (defunct)
Al-Mada
Al-Mashriq
Al-Mustaqilla (Baghdad; defunct)
Al-Mutamar
Al-Sabaah
Awena (Iraqi Kurdistan)
Azzaman
Babel
Bahra
Bashira (Fallujah; defunct)
Ath-Thawra (Ba'athist Iraq;Disbanded after 2003)
H–Z
Hawlati (Iraqi Kurdistan)
Iraq Today (English)
Iraq World (Baghdad)
Iraqi News (iraqinews.com)
Karbala News (Karbala)
Ktabat (kitabat.com)
The Kurdish Globe
Renwen (Khanaqin, Iraqi Kurdistan)
Rozhnama (Iraqi Kurdistan)
SOMA Digest (English)
Sot al-Iraq (sotaliraq.com)
Xebat (Kurdistan)
References
External links
Al-Bab Iraqi press after 2003
Newspapers from Iraq
English translations of articles about and from Iraq available through nonprofit WorldMeets.US
Newspapers
Iraq | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Iraq |
Pleonexia, sometimes called pleonexy, originating from the Greek πλεονεξία, is a philosophical concept which roughly corresponds to greed, covetousness, or avarice, and is strictly defined as "the insatiable desire to have what rightfully belongs to others."
Classical Greek concepts of pleonexia
Classical Greek philosophers such as Plato related pleonexia to justice.
Thrasymachus, in Book I of The Republic, presents pleonexia as a natural state, upon which justice is an unnatural restraint.
In discussing the philosophy of Aristotle, who insisted in his Nicomachean Ethics that all specifically unjust actions are motivated by pleonexia, Kraut discusses pleonexia and equates it to epichairekakia, the Greek version of schadenfreude, stating that inherent in pleonexia is the appeal of acting unjustly at the expense of others. Young, however argues that the simple involvement of unfairness in the desire for gaining ever more is what defines pleonexia, rather than that the desire itself be for gaining ever more in a manner that is specifically unfair.
Thomas Hobbes includes it as a concept of natural law in Leviathan:
If in this case, at the making of Peace, men require for themselves, that which they would not have to be granted to others, they do contrary to the precedent law, that commandeth the acknowledgement of naturall equalitie, and therefore also against the law of Nature. The observers of this law, are those we call Modest, and the breakers Arrogant Men. The Greeks call the violation of this law πλεονεξία; that is, a desire of more than their share.
Christian concepts of pleonexia
Pleonexia, being mentioned in the New Testament in Colossians 3 verses 1–11 and Luke 12 verses 13–21, has been the subject of commentary by Christian theologians.
William Barclay describes pleonexia as an "accursed love of having", which "will pursue its own interests with complete disregard for the rights of others, and even for the considerations of common humanity". He labels it an aggressive vice that operates in three spheres of life. In the material sphere involves "grasping at money and goods, regardless of honour and honesty". In the ethical sphere it is "the ambition which tramples on others to gain something which is not properly meant for it". In the moral sphere, it is "the unbridled lust which takes its pleasure where it has no right to take".
Notes and references
Further reading
External links
Strong's Greek Dictionary
Answers.com (pleonexia ref.)
Concepts in ethics
Concepts in political philosophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleonexia |
Global Star can refer to:
Globalstar, a satellite system
Global Star Software, a video game company | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Star |
This is a list of newspapers in Jordan.
Daily newspapers
Al Ra'ai, national
Ad-Dustour, national
Al Ghad, national
Ammon News, online newspaper
Jordan Times, English; national
Jordan News, English; national
Saraya, online newspaper
Suspended dailies
Al Arab Al Yawm
Weekly newspapers
Al Ahali, leftist voice of the Jordanian Democratic People's Party (Hashd), not strictly party political but run on newspaper lines
Al Kalimah
Al Liwaa
Al Majd, pan-Arab nationalist
Al Watan, nationalistic slant
Asrar Newspaper
Assabeel, Islamic
Fact International, English and Arabic published every Wednesday
Hawadeth Al Saaeh
Shihan
The Star, English weekly, independent, political, economic, social, published every Thursday
See also
List of newspapers
References
External links
Jordan
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Jordan |
This is a list of newspapers in Kyrgyzstan.
Russian language
Delo №
Moya Stolitsa Novosti
Obschestvennyi reyting
Slovo Kyrgyzstana
Vecherniy Bishkek
Kyrgyz language
Agym
Alibi
Asaba
Azat.kg
De facto
Erkin Too
Fabula
Kerben
Kerege
Kok Asaba
Kun Darek
Kyrgyz tuusu
Litsa
Mankurt Zholu
Maydan
Respublika
Super-info
Uchur
Zaman Kyrgyzstan
Zhany Agym
Zhany Ordo
English language
Bishkek Observer
Kyrgyzstan Chronicle
The Times of Central Asia
References
Kyrgyzstan
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Kyrgyzstan |
Cousin Larry may refer to:
Larry Appleton of Perfect Strangers
Cousin Lawrence of Kim Possible | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cousin%20Larry |
Tomoka State Park is an Florida State Park located along the Tomoka River, three miles (5 km) north of Ormond Beach on North Beach Street.
Fauna
Among the wildlife of the park are West Indian manatees, alligators, white-tailed deer, gopher tortoises, bobcats, and 160 species of birds. Seasonal birds of prey include the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, and northern harrier. The park's wading birds include egrets, herons, wood stork and American white ibis.
Historic status
Within the park is the site of the Timucuan village of Nocoroco, located on the Tomoka River. Researchers suggest that the land containing the Tomoka Mound Complex just south of the Nocoroco village site was occupied as early as 5000 B.C. It was also the location of a plantation owned by Richard Oswald, a wealthy Scottish merchant, who owned the plantation throughout the British rule of Florida. It became a state park in 1945. On May 7, 1973, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Recreational activities
Activities include canoeing, boating, and fishing, as well as hiking, camping, picnicking, and wildlife viewing.
Other amenities include a one-half mile nature trail, a paved 1 mile multiuse trail, a boat ramp, five picnic areas, ample areas for fishing, and one hundred campsites.
Hours
Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and Midnight every day of the year (including holidays).
Gallery
References
External links
Tomoka State Park at Florida State Parks
Tomoka State Park at Absolutely Florida
Tomoka State Park at Wildernet
Volusia County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Volusia County listings
Volusia County markers
Nocoroco
Tomoka Historical Trail at Historic Hiking Trails
State parks of Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Volusia County, Florida
Museums in Volusia County, Florida
Art museums and galleries in Florida
Protected areas established in 1945
Parks in Volusia County, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Florida
1945 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomoka%20State%20Park |
The Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation is a Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nations band located outside of the village of Burns Lake, British Columbia, Canada. It was formerly known as the Broman Lake Indian Band and is still usually referred to as Broman Lake although this is no longer its official name. Its members speak the Wetʼsuwetʼen dialect of Babine-Witsuwitʼen, a Northern Athabaskan language.
The main community is on Palling Indian Reserve No. 1.
As of March 2017, the Nation had 257 registered members, with 85 members living on the First Nation's own reserve.
The Nation is a member of the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council and of the Broman Lake Development Corporation.
The Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation was formerly part of the Omineca Band. In 1984, the Omineca Band split into the Broman Lake and Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band. The Skin Tyee band later split off from Nee-Tahi-Buhn.
On March 18, 2021, a long-term drinking water advisory was finally lifted, after having been in place since March 13, 2013 after arsenic was found in the Nation's water. The advisory was lifted with the installation of a temporary water treatment plant and discussion of plans for a more permanent structure. The advisory had affected 24 homes and four commercial buildings.
Other Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nations bands include the Burns Lake Indian Band, Hagwilget Village First Nation, Skin Tyee First Nation, Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band and Witset.
See also
Coastal GasLink Pipeline
2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests
References
External links
Official site
Dakelh governments
Wet'suwet'en
Bulkley Valley
hr:Hwotsotenne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%CA%BCsuwet%CA%BCen%20First%20Nation |
Asheville High School is a public high school located in Asheville, North Carolina, United States and is one of two secondary schools in the Asheville City Schools system. Designed by Douglas Ellington, construction of the original building began in 1927 and was completed two years later. The modern addition was built in 1970 and a new cafeteria was finished in 2006. There is a second school located at the same address; the School of Inquiry and Life Sciences at Asheville (SILSA).
History
After the railroad system reached Asheville in 1881, the population of the city grew from 2,000 to 10,000. In response to this population influx, Asheville began a public school system in 1888, which originally consisted of a high school and three elementary schools. The elementary schools were the Orange Street School (currently occupied by NC DOT offices), Queen Carson Elementary School (currently occupied by a bus garage) and Montford Avenue School (replaced by the current William Randolph Elementary in the early 1950s). The high school was located at the corner of Broadway and Woodfin Street, in what had been the private home of Nicholas Woodfin. After use for educational purposes ceased about 1923 this structure was the downtown YMCA until a new structure was built further east on Woodfin about 1970, and the old building torn down. The former high school campus is currently occupied by a bank. The City of Asheville built two structures in the early 1920s, Hall Fletcher in West Asheville and David Millard, on Oak Street, adjacent to First Baptist Church, which, together, were known as Asheville High School. The David Millard Campus occupied a portion of the grounds of a former girls' school, with the balance of the former school grounds covered by the Church. Athletic teams and extracurricular clubs were drawn from both campuses. The former site of David Millard is currently covered by One Oak Plaza and the extension of Charlotte Street, and the West Asheville campus is currently occupied by a new Hall Fletcher Elementary School. The current University of North Carolina at Asheville began in 1927 as a two-year college, known as Asheville-Biltmore College, using classrooms on the ground floor of David Millard.
The population of Asheville continued to grow in the late 1920s. By 1926 the school board agreed that "a large, central high school plant" was needed. A committee formed to locate a suitable location reported that it found "only one site within the City of sufficient size, and of reasonable price … this tract of land lies between Victoria Road and the new McDowell Street." Out of seven architects submitting proposals for the new high school, Douglas D. Ellington was selected by majority vote. In addition Nickolaus Louis Englehardt of Columbia University was hired as an advisor to the architect. Englehardt had worked a great deal in school planning and design on a national level. Ellington and Englehardt's collaboration made the new Asheville High a model facility in terms of architecture and educational offerings. The former Asheville High School was renamed David Millard Junior High School and, together with Hall Fletcher, served as the city's junior high schools for a time.
With a cost of $1.3 million ($18.8 million in 2016 dollars) Asheville High School opened on February 5, 1929, with a dedication ceremony in the auditorium including as speakers the Mayor of Asheville, the superintendent of Asheville City Schools, Douglas Ellington, Lee H. Edwards, the president of the PTA, the Headmaster of the Asheville School and the president of Duke University. When first opened, Asheville High had a wide variety of vocational programs including automotive mechanics, full print shops (all yearbooks, newspapers, and magazines were printed on-campus), mechanical drawing, and photography, including a darkroom.
When the stock market crashed in October 1929, it took Asheville by surprise. This forced the programming for the schools, and indeed the city's economic well-being, to hit rock bottom. For a time, Asheville High was closed, and students were removed to David Millard and Hall Fletcher. All extras were cut for a time, including much of the school's technical curriculum. In 1935 the school was renamed Lee H. Edwards High School in honor of Principal Edwards, who died unexpectedly that year. The name "Asheville High School" returned with integration in 1969.
In 1949, another vocational facility (known today as the ROTC building) was created across from the original shop wing. This facility was built by students in the vocational program, as a real-world example of construction. In 1968, another larger vocational building was built. In the early 1970s, a media center addition was added to the main building. In 1973, a new gym and athletic facility was attached to the old vocational building. In the early 1990s, a $3.5 million cultural arts building was built. Finally, in 2006, a new $3.1 million cafeteria was added to the campus.
On October 5, 2008, then Senator Barack Obama visited Asheville High School in his race for the White House. Over 25,000 people showed up at the Football Stadium to see Obama deliver his rally speech.
In 2016, city school officials identified $25 million in needed repairs. The biggest problem was the roof, with thousands of clay tiles which would all have to be removed (and possibly replaced afterward) for the work. Jack Thomson, executive director of the Preservation Society of Asheville and Buncombe County, called the building "a master work of Ellington."
Notable alumni
Sarah Addison Allen, author
John Avery, former NFL and CFL running back
Crezdon Butler, NFL and CFL cornerback
Chris Chalk, actor in The Newsroom and Homeland
Dave Cheadle, former MLB pitcher
Indigo De Souza, musician, singer, songwriter
Lawson Duncan, former professional tennis player
Joe Felmet, civil rights advocate
Sallie Ford, lead singer and guitarist for Sallie Ford and the Sound Outside
Warren Haynes, musician, singer, and songwriter
Bill Hendon, author, POW/MIA activist, and two-term Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina's 11th district
Charlie "Choo-Choo" Justice, former NFL running back for the Washington Redskins and College Football Hall of Fame inductee
Leonard Little, former NFL defensive end and Super Bowl XXXIV champion with the Saint Louis Rams
Rhonda Mapp, former WNBA player for Charlotte Sting and Los Angeles Sparks
Rashanda McCants, former WNBA player for the Minnesota Lynx and Tulsa Shock
Mary Montgomery, women's swimmer who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics
Jeoffrey Pagan, former NFL defensive end and 2x BCS National Champion with Alabama
Marisha Pessl, author of Special Topics in Calamity Physics
Buzz Peterson, former North Carolina Tar Heel's basketball player and current head coach of the UNC Wilmington Seahawks men's basketball team
Adam Reed, voice actor, writer, director and producer
Ray Roberts, former NFL offensive tackle
Caleb Rudow, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Charles Thomas, former MLB player
Johnny White, former NFL and CFL running back
William Winkenwerder Jr., CEO of Highmark, the eighth largest health insurer in the United States
References
External links
Official School Website
The Cougar Sports Network
Thinkquest AHS History
The Alumni Center
SILSA website
School buildings completed in 1927
Public high schools in North Carolina
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Art Deco architecture in North Carolina
Schools in Buncombe County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Buncombe County, North Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
1888 establishments in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asheville%20High%20School |
Hadiqat al-Akhbar (The News Garden in English) is the first daily newspaper of Lebanon which was launched in 1858. From 1858 to 1958 there were nearly 200 newspapers in the country. Prior to 1963 the number of newspapers was more than 400. However, the number reduced to 53 due to the 1963 press law.
Censorship of the press in the country occurred during the Ottoman era. It was also frequent in 1976 following the intervention of Syrian military in the Lebanese Civil War on behalf of Maronite Christians. As of 2012, the newspapers were being published in three major languages of Arabic, English and French and there were 12 Arabic dailies.
The following is a list of well-known newspapers published in Lebanon.
Daily newspapers
All published in Beirut
In Arabic
An-Nahar
Ad-Diyar
Al Akhbar
Al Binaa
Al Joumhouria
Al Liwaa
Al Amal
Al Anbaa (defunct)
Al Anwar (defunct)
Al Arz (defunct)
Al Balad (defunct)
Al Bayrak (defunct)
Al Ittihad (defunct)
Al Muharrir (defunct)
Al-Mustaqbal (defunct)
Al Nida (defunct)
As-Safa (defunct)
As-Safir (defunct)
El Shark
Telegraph Beirut (defunct)
Akhbar SMB
In Armenian
Ararad
Aztag
Zartonk
Ayk (defunct)
Nida Al-Watan
In English
Al Akhbar (suspended)
Lebanon Daily Star
Ike (defunct)
In French
Al Balad en français (defunct)
L'Orient-Le Jour
Syrie (defunct)
Le Soir (defunct)
Le Reveil (defunct)
Lebanese non-daily newspapers
In Arabic
Al-Intiqad (Beirut)
Al-Kalima (Zahlé)
Al-Tamadon (Tripoli)
Hamzat Wassel (Beirut, Tripoli)
Lisan al Hal
Asharara
Ila-l-Amam (defunct)
In English
Monday Morning (defunct)
Lebanese online news portals (Arabic, French and English )
info3
The961.com
Daily beirut
Alankabout
Iloubnan.info
Lebanon24
Tayyar.org (Disclosure: Owned by the FPM political party)
Lebanon Debate
Lebanon Files
LibanVision
Lebanonwire
Naharnet
NOW Lebanon
Ya Libnan
Akhbar SMB موقع شباب الملعب البلدي الأخباري
Ebaldati
Almodon
jadidouna news*
See also
List of magazines in Lebanon
References
Lebanon
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Lebanon |
West Point on the Eno is a city park and historical center covering in Durham, Durham County, North Carolina.
Several historical structures are conserved on the site:
West Point Mill - a reproduction colonial-era mill that is now a museum.
Hugh Mangum Museum of Photography - located in the restored tobacco packhouse, features historic photographs from the late 19th and early 20th century from negatives found in the packhouse, also historic camera equipment
McCown-Mangum House - home to one of the mill's owners, restored 1850s farmhouse with late 19th-century furnishings, open for tours
Other facilities include:
Amphitheatre - includes a large open field, lawn seating, stage, electricity, water, parking
5 miles of trails
Picnic facilities
Canoe access to the Eno River
Natural Play Space - a play area for children
History
The Eno Indians first used this area to fish, hunt, and grow crops. Arrowheads left behind by the tribe can still be found today.
When white settlers came to the area they noticed the springs that contained freshwater, which motivated them to invest in building mills across the area. The first mill built in the Eno was named Synott's Mill, which started operating in 1752 by Michael Synott, an almost legendary pioneer, who had problems in his personal life and appeared in court often. Shortly after Michael Synott died in 1780 the area was purchased by William Thetford and Charles Abercrombie, who built West Point Mill. While these mills were being produced a community began to build up and became known as West Point. The community was successful for a period of time but eventually all of its inhabitants died out or moved on. West Point Mill served its owners for 160 years until it was shut down by a paratrooper named Jacob Eller returning from the war in 1942, the last mill on the Eno to do so.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
References
External links
West Point on the Eno - City of Durham
West Point on the Eno - Eno River Association
Georgian architecture in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Durham, North Carolina
History of Durham, North Carolina
Parks in Durham, North Carolina
Tourist attractions in Durham, North Carolina
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Durham County, North Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Point%20on%20the%20Eno |
The Padmavyūha () or Chakravyūha () is a military formation used to surround enemies, depicted in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. It resembles a labyrinth of multiple defensive walls.
Background
The Padmavyūha is a multi-tiered defensive formation that looks like a blooming lotus ( ) or disc ( ) when viewed from above. The warriors at each interleaving position would be in an increasingly tough position to fight against. The formation was used in the battle of Kurukshetra by Dronacharya, who became commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army after the fall of Bhishma Pitamaha.
The various vyūhas (military formations) were studied by the Kauravas and Pandavas alike. Most of them can be beaten using a counter-measure targeted specifically against that formation. In the form of battle described in the Mahabharata, it was important to place powerful fighters in positions where they could inflict maximum damage to the opposing force, or defend their own side. As per this military strategy, a specific stationary object or a moving object or person could be captured, surrounded and fully secured during battle.
The formation begins with two soldiers standing back-to-back, with other such set of soldiers standing at a distance of three hands, drawing up seven circles and culminating in the end which is the place where the captured person or object is to be kept. In order to form the Chakravyuha, the commander has to identify soldiers who will form this formation. The number of soldiers to be deployed and the size of the Chakravyuha is calculated as per the resistance estimated. Once drawn, the foremost soldiers come on either side of the opponent to be captured, engage briefly and then advance. Their place is taken up by the next soldiers on either side, who again engage the opponent briefly and then advance. In this fashion, a number of soldiers pass the enemy and proceed in a circular pattern. By the time the rear of the formation arrives, the oblivious enemy is surrounded on all sides by seven tiers of soldiers. The last soldiers of the formation give the signal of having completed the Chakravyuha. On the signal, every soldier who so far has been facing outwards turns inwards to face the opponent. It is only then that the captured enemy realizes his captivity. The army can continue to maintain the circular formation while leading the captive away.
Abhimanyu and the Chakravyūha
The Chakravyūha or Padmavyūha was a very special formation (), and knowledge of how to penetrate it was limited to only a handful of warriors on the Pandavas' side, namely: Abhimanyu, Arjuna, Krishna and Pradyumna, of whom only Abhimanyu was present when the Kauravas used it on the battlefield.
After Abhimanyu had penetrated the sixth tier of the formation, all the Kauravas' commanders attacked him simultaneously, which was against the righteous rules of warfare Dharmayuddha, and gradually exhausted and killed him.
Connection to Indian sports
It has been noted that the skills used by Abhimanyu to penetrate the Chakravyuha likely have a connection to those used in traditional Indian games such as kabaddi and kho-kho.
See also
Abhimanyu
Akshauhini
Historicity of the Mahabharata
References
Kurukshetra War
Tactical formations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakravyuha |
Myolie Wu Hang-yee (born 6 November 1979) is a Hong Kong actress and singer. She is previously managed by Hong Kong TVB television station and Neway Star. In 2011, she won Best Actress for her role in Curse of the Royal Harem, Most Favourite TV Female Character for her role in Ghetto Justice and also "Extraordinary Elegant Actress" at the TVB Anniversary Awards 2011, making her the first ever Triple TV Queen of the year. Wu left TVB in 2015.
Early years
In her schooling days, Myolie Wu received high school education in Boarding School at Methodist College Belfast, Northern Ireland. She later returned to Hong Kong and attended the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, majoring in Biochemistry.
During her first year in university, Wu took part the Miss Hong Kong pageant in 1999 and clinched second runner-up. Shortly afterward, she signed on to TVB as a full-time contracted artiste and withdrew from school.
Career
Acting
In her early years, Myolie Wu started out as supporting characters in television serials. Her acting began to gain recognition through her breakthrough performance in Golden Faith, in which she portrayed the mentally challenged younger sister of Gallen Lo. Her role was well received by the audience and she was awarded the Most Improved Female Artiste Award at the 2002 TVB Anniversary Awards.
Wu was offered her first lead role in Survivor's Law in 2003. In the same year, she also starred in the classic TVB drama Triumph in the Skies alongside veteran actors Francis Ng and Flora Chan. Both series received high viewership ratings and she soon rose to popularity.
In 2005, TVB aired five drama serials in which Wu was lead actress. She received further acknowledgement for her acting in the hit series Wars of In-Laws where she played the shrewd daughter in-law of Liza Wang. The same serial was also what sparked her ongoing rumours with co-star Bosco Wong.
In 2007, Wu was paired with Mainland actor Feng Shao Feng in the TVB-CCTV joint production The Drive Of Life. The couple was well received by fans. She also starred as Chow Lai-Man in the second installment of War of In-Laws, Wars of In-Laws II in the same year.
Wu took another step in her acting career in 2009 by filming her first Mainland drama Beauty's Rival in Palace, in which she guest-starred in for five episodes and was once again paired with Feng Shao Feng. The drama achieved a high viewership rating and her performance was well-praised. She continued to film her second Mainland series Happy Mother-in-Law, Pretty Daughter-in-Law as lead actress the same year and gained widespread popularity in mainland China.
She also filmed her third Mainland drama Racecourse alongside boyfriend Bosco Wong in late 2010. The series was their third collaboration portraying a couple.
In 2011, Wu starred in TVB dramas The Rippling Blossom, Ghetto Justice, and Curse of the Royal Harem and all three series were listed as Top 5 in viewership ratings of the year. She was crowned "TV Queen" at the 2011 TVB Anniversary Awards after being awarded Best Actress in a Leading Role for her role in Curse of the Royal Harem and My Favorite Female Character for her role in Ghetto Justice. She was also voted by the audience as the Most Extraordinary Elegant Actress (Bosco Wong won the male equivalent) during the awards, making her the first ever TVB actress to win 3 awards at the same award ceremony. By the summer of 2015, after 16 years with TVB, Wu decided not to renew her contract with TVB to explore new prospects. Despite former TVB actors heavily critical of TVB's treatment towards their stars, she only offered her gratitude and bid farewell to the station. With the support of her fellow TVB actresses, Wu opened a bridal studio business as part of her venture into business.
Music
Myolie Wu took the first step in her singing career through singing the theme song for her television series War and Destiny in 2007.
She then signed on to the music label Neway Star in 2008 and released her first EP entitled Evolve. In 2009, she released her second EP Loveholic and held her first solo mini-concert. The concert version Liveholic of her EP Loveholic was then released in early 2010.
She continued to sing theme songs for TVB's television series.
Personal life
Myolie Wu is best friends with Nancy Wu, Paisley Wu, Elaine Yiu, Mandy Wong and Selena Lee. They had formed the friendship group “胡說八道會” and filmed a travel show together.
After ending her 8-year relationship with Bosco Wong, Wu began dating British born Philip Lee in 2014. They got married in December 2015. It was announced on 14 May 2017 via Instagram that she was expecting her first child with her husband. On 13 October 2017, Wu gave birth to the couple's first son, Brendan, which she announced via Instagram. On 21 June 2019, she gave birth to their second son, Ryan. In 2020, she announced she is pregnant with their third child. On 4 April 2021, she gave birth to their third son, Liam.
Filmography
Film
Television series
Variety and reality show
2002 – The Weakest Link (一筆OUT消), hosted by Carol Cheng
2002 – Russian Roulette (一觸即發), hosted by Dayo Wong
2002 – Super Trio Series (吾係獎門人) Season 6 A Trio Delights, hosted by Eric Tsang, Jerry Lamb, Chin Ka Lok
2004 – Super Trio Series (繼續無敵獎門人) Season 7 The Super Trio Continues, hosted by Eric Tsang, Jerry Lamb, Chin Ka Lok
2006 – Beautiful Cooking (美女廚房), hosted by Ronald Cheng, Alex Fong, Edmond Leung
2006 – King of Games (遊戲天王), hosted by Jerry Lamb, Sam Lee, Nancy Lan Sai, Rocky Cheng, Lanmui Lee
2007 – Challenge of the Stars (奧運玩得叻), hosted by Natalis Chan
2007 – Is that Right (問題娛樂圈), hosted by Elvina Kong and Jack Wu
2007 – Deal or No Deal (Hong Kong) (一擲千金), hosted by Alfred Cheung (Myolie won most money with deal, Charmaine Sheh won most money with no deal)
2008 – Strictly Come Dancing (舞動奇跡) Season II
2009 – Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (係咪小兒科) hosted by Leo Ku
2009 – Star Awards (红星大奖2009)-Guest/Award Presenter
2009 – Beautiful Cooking II (美女廚房), hosted by Ronald Cheng, Alex Fong, Edmond Leung
2009 – Mini Fama Mega Fun (農夫小儀嬉), hosted by Fama, Kitty Yuen
2015 – Wonderful Friends (奇妙的朋友)
2016 – Star Awards 2016 (红星大奖2016) (Show 2)-Guest/Award Presenter
2016 – Star Awards 2016 (红星大奖2016)(Post Party) – Guest/Award Presenter
2020 – Every Body Stand By (:zh:演員請就位)Season II
Music video appearances
"Romantic Century" (浪漫世紀) by Myolie Wu
"Solo Travel" (單身旅行) by Myolie Wu
"Fortunately" (幸而) by Myolie Wu
"The Most Beautiful Seventh Day" (最美麗的第七天) by Kevin Cheng
"The Most Difficult Day" (最難過今天) by Vincent Wong & Myolie Wu
"Chocolate and Vanilla" (朱古力與雲呢拿) by Myolie Wu & Bernice Liu
"Because of Love"' by the cast of Strictly Come Dancing
"下意識" by Nick Cheung
"樱花" by Hacken Lee
"You" by Edison Chen
"Next Step Special" by Juno Mak
Discography
Singles
"Love Delusion" 戀愛妄想 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Bright Day" 光明日 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Sympathy Points" 同情分 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Soul Mate" 靈魂伴侶 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"A Clean Break" 一刀了斷 by Julian Cheung & Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Loved Once" 愛過 by Julian Cheung & Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Seeking Love" 尋愛 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Romantic Century" 浪漫世紀 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Solo Travel" 單身旅行 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
"Time Doesn't Wait For Me" 時間不等我 by Myolie Wu (Neway Star)
Theme Songs
(戀愛星空4+4) Theme Song – "1 plus 1" (一加一) by Myolie Wu (Metro Radio Drama 新城廣播有限公司) (2005)
Lost in the Chamber of Love (西廂奇緣) Theme Song – "Married Clothes" 嫁衣裳 by Ron Ng & Myolie Wu (2005)
Scavengers' Paradise (同撈同煲) Theme Song Satay brothers by Roger Kwok, Kenneth Ma, Cherie Kong & Myolie Wu (2005)
Wars of In-Laws (我的野蠻奶奶) Theme Song – "House Rules" 家規 by Liza Wang, Bosco Wong & Myolie Wu (2005)
To Grow With Love (肥田囍事) Sub-Theme Song – "Miss Pig" 豬小姐 by Myolie Wu (2006)
To Grow With Love (肥田囍事) Theme Song – "Beautiful Unattractiveness" 醜得漂亮 by Andy Hui & Myolie Wu (album: In the Name of by Andy Hui) (2006)
War and Destiny (亂世佳人) Theme Song – "Fortunately" 幸而 by Myolie Wu (album: Lady in Red Various Artists) (2006)
(魔界女王候補生) Theme Song – "Chocolate and Vanilla" 朱古力與雲呢拿 by Bernice Liu & Myolie Wu (album: EEG TVB Kids Songs Selection) (2007)
When A Dog Loves A Cat (當狗愛上貓) Theme Song – When a Dog Loves a Cat by Gallen Lo & Myolie Wu (2008)
Wars of In-Laws II (野蠻奶奶大戰戈師奶) Sub-Theme Song – "The Most Difficult Day" 最難過今天 by Vincent Wong & Myolie Wu (2008)
Wars of In-Laws II (野蠻奶奶大戰戈師奶) Sub-Theme Song – "Grateful for Meeting You" 感激遇到你 by Bosco Wong & Myolie Wu (2008)
Burning Flame III (烈火雄心III) Sub-Theme Song – "Intention" 有意 by Kevin Cheng & Myolie Wu (2009)
A Chip Off the Old Block (巴不得爸爸) Theme Song – Mike talks about you by Ron Ng & Myolie Wu (2009)
Curse of the Royal Harem (:zh:萬凰之王) Sub-Theme Song – "Made in heaven" 天造地設 by Myolie Wu (2011)
Lady Sour (:zh:醋娘子)Theme Song – "When You Came into My Life?"是你嗎? by Ron Ng & Myolie Wu (2014)
Every Step You Take (:zh:陪著你走) Theme Song – "Angel" 天使 by Myolie Wu (2015)
Albums
Myolie Wu : Evolve (November 2008)
Myolie Wu : Loveholic (November 2009)
Awards
2020
Tencent Video Every Body Stand By(:zh:演員請就位)Season 2 Best Actor
2020 17th Esquire awards ceremony – Annual Quality Artists
2020 Southern People Weekly – Charismatic Person of the Year Top 12
2017 & 2018
2018 TV Drama Quality Ceremony – Annual impact drama stars (Nothing Gold Can Stay)
2017 SINA Weibo Star Awards Ceremony – Weibo Popularity Star II (Brendan Lee) (Held 2018)
2015 & 2016
2016 12th Chinese American Film Festival – Best Actress In A Leading Role of Chinese TV Series (My Step Father Is A Hero)
2016 BJTV Crossover Singer (:zh:跨界歌王 (第一季))Season 1 – Rank no. 13th
2015-2016 onlylady beauty queen award ceremony – The most popular beauty queen of the year (Held 2016)
Oriental Press Group Internet users choose East 2015 – Public Opinion TV Queen Rank no. 10th
2013 & 2014
2014 Jessica Code Magazine Edgy Icon Award
2014"Fashion Chi" "Love is the Most Beautiful Fashion" Star Ceremony – Star Fashion Idol
2014 China Urban Fashion Festival – The Most Valuable Female Film and Television Artist of the Year
2013 Forbes China Celebrity 100 Comprehensive Ranking: 82th,Revenue Ranking: 83th
2013 TVB Star Awards Malaysia – My Favourite TVB Drama Characters Top 15
2013 StarHub TVB Awards – My Favourite TVB Female TV Character
2013 Young Choice Awards – The Most Popular Actress in Hong Kong and Taiwan
2013 Next Magazine TV Artists Awards: 5th
2012
2012 Forbes China Celebrity 100 Comprehensive Ranking: 69th,Revenue Ranking: 78th
Top 10 character with impressive style in the world's greatest catwalk 2012 in Hong Kong
2012 TVB Top 10 On Screen Couple Election – My favorite extreme screen couple with Bosco Wong
2012 Astro On Demand Top 15 Favourite TV Character Award
2012 StarHub TVB Awards – My Favourite TVB Actress
2012 StarHub TVB Awards – My Favourite TVB Female TV Character
2012 Asian Idol Awards Ceremony – Best Drama Actress in Hong Kong and Taiwan
2012 7th Huading Awards – China Best Drama Actress
2012 NEXT Magazine TV Artists Awards :3rd
2012 NEXT Magazine MOISELLE Elegant Fashion Female Artiste Award
2012 2nd LETV Entertainment Awards in HK's Best TV Actress
2012 3rd Prince Jewelry & Watch Elite Award – TV Elite
2011
2011 Yahoo! Asia Buzz Awards – Popular Female Artiste Award
2011 TVB Anniversary Best Actress Award in a Female Leading role – Curse of the Royal Harem
2011 TVB Anniversary My Favourite Female Character Award – Ghetto Justice
2011 TVB Anniversary Extraordinary Elegant Female Artistes Award
2011 Astro On Demand Top 15 Favourite TV Character Award – Curse of the Royal Harem
2011 Astro On Demand My Favourite Leading Actress Award – Curse of the Royal Harem
2011 StarHub TVB Awards My Favourite Character – The Rippling Blossom
2011 StarHub TVB Awards The Partners with Most Sparks Award: Chilam Cheung, Myolie Wu
2009 & 2010
2009 Century Sakura Customer Awards Ceremony – Fashion Glamor Female Artist
2009 Music Pioneer Award – Most Outstanding Movies & Television Singer
2009 Music Pioneer List Award – Most Popular Duet Gold Song with Chilam/ Myolie Wu "Once Loved"
2009 Jade Solid Gold Most Popular Duet (Silver)
2009 Metro Radio – Most Popular Duet with Chilam
2009 9th Chinese Music Media Award – New Most Powerful Singer Award 2009
2009 IFPI Female Newcomer
2009 Neway Music Awards
2009 Next Magazine TV Artists Awards: 10th
2009 Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards: Favourite Bizarre Character – Ho Mei Tin in "To Grow With Love"
2009 Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards: Favourite Character – Ho Mei Tin in "To Grow With Love"
2008
2008 IFPI Awards: Best Selling Local Female Newcomer
2008 RTHK Top 10 Gold Song Awards: Newcomer Merit Award
2008 Sina Music Awards Most Favorite Female Newcomer Award (Silver)
2008 Jade Solid Gold Most Popular Duet (Bronze)
2008 Jade Solid Gold Recommended Newcomer Outstanding Award
2008 Chik Chak 903 Music Award Female Newcomer (Silver)
2008 Metro Hits Award Female Newcomer (新城勁爆新登場女歌手)
2008 9+2音樂先鋒榜2008 Female Newcomer Award
2008 9+2音樂先鋒榜2008 Best Actor-Singer Award
2008 TVB 41st Anniversary: Most Fashionable Artiste Award
2008 China Fashion Carnival – Most Fashionable Artiste (2008)
2008 Outstanding Charitable Artiste Award
2008 Quality Life Award
2008 Jessica Code Magazine Most Stylish Cover Award
2008 3D-Gold Charismatic Actress Award
2008 Next Magazine TV Artists Awards: 4th
2008 Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards: Favourite character award – Ping On from " War And Destiny"
2007
2007 Yahoo Buzz! Award: Most Searched Upcoming Rising Artist
2007 Asian Television Awards: Best Comedy Performance by an Actress
2007 TVB Children's Songs Award: Top 10 (with Bernice Liu)
2007 Next Magazine TV Artists Awards: 3rd
2006
2006 Metro Showbiz Television Awards: Top 12 Popular TV Series Actor/Actress Award
2006 TVB Popularity Awards: Most Popular On-Screen Couple – Bosco Wong and Myolie Wu
2006 TVB Popularity Awards: Top 10 Favourite Characters – Myolie Wu for "Tin Lik" in WOIL
2006 Next Magazine TV Artists Awards: 7th
2006 Annual Artiste Award: Music Newcomer – Silver
2006 Annual Artiste Award: TV Actress Award – Bronze
2005
2005 Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards: Favorite character from "Dream of Colours"
2005 Golden TVS Awards from South China: Most Popular Cantonese Speaking Actress
2005 Yahoo Buzz! Award: Yahoo most searched TV Actress Award
2005 TVB Weekly: Most Popular Female Idol Award
2005 Next TV Magazine: Ferti "Style & Chic" Award
2005 Smiling Together & Lifting our Spirits Function: Brightest Smile Award
Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards: My Favourite Leading Actress Award – Tin Lik in "War of In-Laws"
Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards: Favourite character from "War of In-Laws"
2004 Entertainment Weekly: Future Galore Star
2003
2003 3rd Weekly: Popular Actress Award
2003 Next TV Magazine: Best "Personal Style" Smile
2002
2002 TVB 35th Anniversary: Most Improved Actress Award
1999
1999 Miss Hong Kong: 2nd runner up & "Most Energetic" Award
References
External links
Truth about Myolie's husband
Official TVB Blog of Myolie Wu
Myolie Wu on Sina Twitter
Official Yahoo Blog of Myolie Wu
1979 births
Living people
Alumni of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Cantopop singers
21st-century Hong Kong women singers
Hong Kong film actresses
Hong Kong Mandopop singers
Hong Kong television actresses
People educated at Methodist College Belfast
21st-century Hong Kong actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myolie%20Wu |
The Picture Gallery () in the Sanssouci Park of Potsdam was built in 1755–64 during the reign of Frederick II of Prussia under the supervision of Johann Gottfried Büring. The Picture Gallery is situated east of the palace and is the oldest extant museum built for a ruler in Germany.
History
Frederick II was a passionate collector of paintings. In his youth, he preferred the contemporary French art of the Rococo, and the walls of his rooms in Sanssouci were adorned with paintings of his favorite artist Antoine Watteau. After his accession to the throne in 1740, the king became increasingly interested in history paintings, which were highly regarded at his time. Especially, he collected works of renaissance, mannerism and Baroque art, mostly from Italian and Flemish artists. Due to the opening of the Altes Museum in Berlin in 1829, about fifty paintings were transferred there. Among these were the Leda by Correggio, three paintings by Rembrandt, some by Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, and Antoine Watteau. Also, all the marble statues were moved.
In 1929–30, the Picture Gallery was set up again, and 120 of the 159 works marked in the catalogue as purchased by Frederick returned from Berlin.
During World War II, all the paintings were moved to Rheinsberg Palace in Rheinsberg. Only ten paintings returned from there in 1946, and most of the pictures seemed lost.
However, a large collection of paintings confiscated by the Soviet Union was returned in 1958. However, some of the pictures are still in Russian collections.
Outside architecture
The Picture Gallery was built in the place of a former greenhouse, which Frederick the Great had used to raise tropical fruit. Büring replaced this with a long, single-story building painted in yellow, the middle part of which is emphasized by a dome. On the garden side, marble sculptures stand between the windows reaching down to the floor. Most of the sculptures were made by Johann Gottlieb Heymüller and Johann Peter Benckert, and depict allegorical figures from arts and sciences. The heads on the keystones show portraits of artists.
The gallery
The gallery hall is magnificently designed with richly gilded ornaments on the slightly curved ceiling. The floor is laid out in matching colors with a rhombic pattern of white and yellow Italian marble. On the green walls, the framed paintings are laid out densely above and alongside each other in a Baroque style.
Some of the works exhibited are Caravaggio's Increduility of St Thomas, Anthony van Dycks Pentecost, and Four Evangelists and Saint Hieronymus from the workshop of Peter Paul Rubens.
Adjacent to the long gallery hall is the similarly richly arranged cabinet, where the paintings of smaller format are exhibited.
References
This article is based on a translation of the German Wikipedia article Bildergalerie, which cites the following references:
Gert Streidt, Klaus Frahm. Potsdam. Die Schlösser und Gärten der Hohenzollern. Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, Köln 1996,
NN: Bildergalerie Sanssouci.'' Amtlicher Führer der Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg. 1. Auflage 1997
External links
Official Site
Virtual tour of the Sanssouci Picture Gallery provided by Google Arts & Culture
Buildings and structures in Potsdam
Art museums and galleries in Germany
Museums in Potsdam
Sanssouci Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanssouci%20Picture%20Gallery |
Alando Forest Tucker (born February 11, 1984) is an American former collegiate basketball coach and former professional basketball player who played for the National Basketball Association (NBA). Before joining the NBA, he played college basketball for the University of Wisconsin-Madison men's basketball team, where he became its all-time leading scorer with a total of 2,217 points.
From 2007 to 2017, Tucker had a 10-year career in professional basketball which included playing for the Phoenix Suns and Minnesota Timberwolves for three years in the NBA. His last team was the Hapoel Eilat of the Israeli Premier League in 2017, before going into retirement.
In 2019, he became the interim assistant coach for his alma mater's men's basketball team at UW-Madison, a position he held until April 2021.
High school career
Tucker attended Lockport Township High School in Lockport, Illinois. He averaged 21.6 points and seven rebounds per game as a junior. He was one of only two juniors to be named to the Herald News AA all-area team.
As a senior Tucker earned all-state honors averaging 22.2 points while hauling in 7.7 rebounds and dishing 5.7 assists per game. He scored 35 points against Joliet Township, the number one ranked team in the state.
After seeing drugs and gang violence from up close throughout his childhood, Tucker and his older brother Antonio made a pact to stay clean and away from substances such as drug, tobacco, and alcohol, as well as tattoos.
Collegiate career
Tucker started off his college basketball career in 2002–03 starting 27 of 32 games as a freshman. He averaged 12.0 points and 5.9 rebounds per game, which helped the Badgers achieve 24 wins, a Big Ten title, and a Sweet 16 at the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament during that season.
In 2003–04, Tucker played in just four games because of a right foot injury. He applied for and received a medical redshirt after the season.
During the 2004–05 season, Tucker started 30 out of 31 games. He led the Badgers in scoring with 15.2 points. He also averaged 6.1 rebounds. At the end of the 2006–07 regular season, Tucker averaged 19.9 points, 5.4 rebounds and 2.0 assists.
For the 2006–07 season, Tucker and the Badgers achieved 30 wins and earned their first ever #1 AP ranking in the school's history. On February 10, 2007, Tucker reached the 2,000-point mark in his collegiate career in a game against Iowa. He was the second Wisconsin Badger to ever accomplish this, after Michael Finley.
On March 10, 2007, Tucker broke the all-time Wisconsin scoring record (2,147 points) previously held by Michael Finley. During this time, he also broke Finley's UW vertical jump record.
Tucker's collegiate career ended on March 18, 2007, when the Badgers lost to the UNLV Runnin' Rebels 74–68 in the second round of the NCAA Tournament. Tucker finished with 17 points on 4–11 shooting from the field and 8–13 from the line. He also had seven rebounds.
In his final season, he was named Big Ten Player of the Year, an NCAA 1st Team All-American, and received Lowe's Senior CLASS Award. He also set school marks at the time for games played (134), starts (126), minutes played (4,297), field goals (798), free throws (520), free throw attempts (817), offensive rebounds (769), and overall points scored (2,217).
Tucker graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison on May 19, 2007, with a bachelor's degree in Life Sciences Communication.
In 2018, he was inducted to UW Athletic's Hall of Fame for his accomplishments in basketball.
Pro career
NBA career
Tucker was selected 29th overall in the first round of the 2007 NBA draft by the Phoenix Suns.
First Albuquerque Thunderbirds assignment
After appearing in two games for Phoenix, Tucker was assigned to the Suns' NBA Development League affiliate Albuquerque Thunderbirds on November 27, 2007. His performances include a 25-point, 12-rebound effort in a 92–84 loss to Idaho on December 1, 40 points (on 15-of-25 shooting, including 4-of-4 three-pointers) in a 109–102 win over Bakersfield on December 14, and 32 points in a 100–97 victory over Anaheim on December 15. Tucker was recalled by the Suns on December 18.
Second Albuquerque Thunderbirds assignment
On January 11, 2008, he was reassigned to Albuquerque, and recalled ten days later. His performances include a team-high 33 points and 10 rebounds in a 123–117 win over Austin on January 12, 39 points in a 92–91 win over Rio Grande Valley on January 13, a game-high 26 points (on 11-of-19 field goals) in a 98–81 loss to Colorado on January 15, and a game-high 29 points in a 104–84 loss to Dakota on January 19.
Third Albuquerque Thunderbirds assignment
He was assigned a third time on March 13, 2008. In 21 total games (19 starts), he averaged 27.7 points, 6.0 rebounds and 1.6 assists. Tucker's performances in his third assignment include scoring a Thunderbirds season-high 42 points in a 116–100 victory over Los Angeles on March 16, a 38-point effort in a 119–104 win over Tulsa on March 20, 33 points (including 14 in the final quarter) in a 114–108 win over Tulsa on March 21, 38 points in a 119–115 loss to Rio Grande Valley on March 30, and 34 points in a 118–112 victory over Tulsa on April 5. Tucker was recalled to the Suns on April 7. He received Honorable Mention for D-League Performer of the Week for March 17, 2008.
Iowa Energy
Tucker was assigned to the Suns' new D-League affiliate Iowa Energy on December 26, 2008. He was recalled on January 2, 2009, after playing two games with the Energy. His Iowa season-high was a 13-point effort in a 107–101 win over Utah on December 28.
Minnesota Timberwolves
On December 29, 2009, Tucker was traded along with a second round pick and cash considerations to the Minnesota Timberwolves for Jason Hart. He was waived by the Timberwolves on March 22, 2010.
Texas Legends
In November 2011, Tucker was selected by the Texas Legends with the second pick in the NBA D-League Draft. However, Tucker decided to play in Spain instead.
Milwaukee Bucks
On October 1, 2012, Tucker signed with the Milwaukee Bucks. He was waived by the team on October 27, 2012.
International career
In April 2010 he signed with pro team Gallitos de Isabela in Puerto Rico.
On August 11, 2010, he signed a contract with the Russian club Lokomotiv Kuban from Krasnodar, Russia.
In November 2011, Tucker signed with CB Gran Canaria in Spain.
In February 2013, Tucker signed with BK Inter Bratislava in Slovakia. He won a championship in the same year.
In September 2013, he signed with Lukoil Academic where he averaged 16.6 points and 6.6 rebounds per game.
On November 28, 2014, he signed with French club SOMB Boulogne-sur-Mer.
On July 7, 2015, he has signed with LNB Pro A side SLUC Nancy. He averaged 10.9 points in 7 LNB matches before he moved to Israel.
On November 11, 2015, Tucker signed with Maccabi Kiryat Gat of the Israeli Premier League.
On June 23, 2016, Tucker signed with Hapoel Tel Aviv of the Israeli Premier League. He went on to become Hapoel's first ever American captain in the 80-years of history of the team.
On August 2, 2017, Tucker signed with Hapoel Eilat for the 2017–18 season. However, on November 14, 2017, Tucker was released by Eilat after appearing in six games.
Achievements and awards
Broke Michael Finley's UW school record for UW's All Time Leading Scorer with 2,217 points.
Broke Devin Harris's UW school record for most points in a single season.
Broke Michael Finley's UW school record for vertical leap as a freshman by jumping 38 inches.
2002–03 – Set UW record for offensive rebounds (86) for a freshman
2002–03 – Big Ten Conference All-Freshman Team
2004–05 – Big Ten and Syracuse Regional all-tournament teams
2004–05 – Consensus third-team All-Big Ten selection
2005–06 – First team All-Big Ten selection
2006–07 – Consensus first team All-Big Ten selection
2006–07 – Big Ten Player of the Year
2006–07 – First Team All-American (National Association of Basketball Coaches)
2006–07 – First Team All-American (The Sporting News)
2006–07 – Senior CLASS Award
NBA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 6 || 0 || 8.0 || .364 || .250 || .833 || 1.3 || .0 || .0 || .2 || 3.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 30 || 1 || 9.4 || .430 || .348 || .788 || 1.0 || .4 || .2 || .0 || 4.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Phoenix
| 11 || 0 || 6.5 || .433 || .143 || .762 || .6 || .3 || .0 || .0 || 3.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Minnesota
| 4 || 0 || 6.3 || .444 || .000 || .000 || .8 || .3 || .0 || .0 || 2.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 51 || 1 || 8.4 || .423 || .294 || .783 || 1.0 || .3 || .1 || .0 || 4.1
Coaching career
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Tucker was first invited by UW—Madison to join as Director of Student-Athlete Engagement in February 2017, a position in which he oversaw health and safety policies for athletes and staff. After two years in this role, on July 31, 2019, he was announced as interim assistant coach on for the Badgers for the 2019–20 season.
He was hired by head coach Greg Gard to fill the role of Howard Moore, who left his position as assistant coach after being involved in a car accident that left him with serious injuries. Tucker was known for his ability to develop close relationships with the players, which led him to remain as interim assistant coach throughout the 2020–21 season, enjoying popularity among players and fans alike.
Following the conclusion of the 2020–21 season, Tucker applied to become a full-time assistant coach, but Wisconsin officials decided to part ways with him. Allegations surfaced in local media surrounding Tucker's desire to take over the head coaching job, but he later dismissed these as rumors and denied any accusations of wrongdoing.
He finished his 2-year stint with a Big Ten Conference Championship for the 2019 regular season and a 39–23 record.
Personal life
During his stint at Hapoel Tel Aviv, Tucker partnered with an Israeli “Hoops for Kids International” non-for-profit organization for speaking engagements, basketball clinics, and mentorship to impoverished children throughout the Middle East. He remains passionate about philanthropy and giving back to the community.
He currently resides with his wife, Krystal, and their three sons in Chicago, where he is a member of the board of directors for the Special Olympics' local committee.
Notes
External links
ESPN Player Card
1984 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Albuquerque Thunderbirds players
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Bulgaria
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Slovakia
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Illinois
BK Inter Bratislava players
CB Gran Canaria players
Hapoel Eilat basketball players
Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C. players
Iowa Energy players
Liga ACB players
Maccabi Kiryat Gat B.C. players
Minnesota Timberwolves players
PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban players
PBC Academic players
People from Lockport, Illinois
Sportspeople from Will County, Illinois
Phoenix Suns draft picks
Phoenix Suns players
Shooting guards
SLUC Nancy Basket players
Small forwards
SOMB Boulogne-sur-Mer players
Sportspeople from Joliet, Illinois
Texas Legends players
Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball coaches
Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alando%20Tucker |
The PlayStation 4 is a video game console by Sony Computer Entertainment.
PS4, Ps-4 or Ps 4 may also refer to:
Psalm 4
Phantasy Star IV: The End of the Millennium, sometimes abbreviated to PS4, a role-playing game for the Mega Drive
Squirt PS4, a product by Leatherman
1986 PS4, the main-belt asteroid 5950 Leukippos
Southern Railway Ps-4 class, a 4-6-2 steam locomotive | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS4%20%28disambiguation%29 |
In mathematics, Lebesgue's density theorem states that for any Lebesgue measurable set , the "density" of A is 0 or 1 at almost every point in . Additionally, the "density" of A is 1 at almost every point in A. Intuitively, this means that the "edge" of A, the set of points in A whose "neighborhood" is partially in A and partially outside of A, is negligible.
Let μ be the Lebesgue measure on the Euclidean space Rn and A be a Lebesgue measurable subset of Rn. Define the approximate density of A in a ε-neighborhood of a point x in Rn as
where Bε denotes the closed ball of radius ε centered at x.
Lebesgue's density theorem asserts that for almost every point x of A the density
exists and is equal to 0 or 1.
In other words, for every measurable set A, the density of A is 0 or 1 almost everywhere in Rn. However, if μ(A) > 0 and , then there are always points of Rn where the density is neither 0 nor 1.
For example, given a square in the plane, the density at every point inside the square is 1, on the edges is 1/2, and at the corners is 1/4. The set of points in the plane at which the density is neither 0 nor 1 is non-empty (the square boundary), but it is negligible.
The Lebesgue density theorem is a particular case of the Lebesgue differentiation theorem.
Thus, this theorem is also true for every finite Borel measure on Rn instead of Lebesgue measure, see Discussion.
See also
References
Hallard T. Croft. Three lattice-point problems of Steinhaus. Quart. J. Math. Oxford (2), 33:71-83, 1982.
Theorems in measure theory
Integral calculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue%27s%20density%20theorem |
The IV World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were held in Varna, Bulgaria from the 27 to 29 September 1969.
Competitors
There were participants from 18 countries - Bulgaria, Soviet Union, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, East Germany, West Germany, Cuba, Poland, North Korea, Yugoslavia, Sweden, Denmark, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Japan.
Individuals
Freehand
Hoop
Rope
Ball
All-Around
Groups
References
Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships
World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, 1969
1969 in gymnastics
International gymnastics competitions hosted by Bulgaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%20World%20Rhythmic%20Gymnastics%20Championships |
High Road or The High Road may refer to:
Film and television
High Road (film), a 2012 comedy by Matt Walsh
The Lady of Scandal, a 1930 American pre-Code film, also known as The High Road
The High Road (1915 film), a lost silent film
Take the High Road or High Road, a soap opera
"The High Road" (Person of Interest), an episode of Person of Interest
John Gunther's High Road, a 1959–1960 TV series hosted by John Gunther
Literature
The High Road (play), a 1927 comedy play by Frederick Lonsdale
The High Road (novel), a 1988 novel by Edna O'Brien
High Roads (comics), a comic book series created by Scott Lobdell and Leinil Francis Yu
Music
Kilburn and the High Roads, a band of Ian Dury
Albums
High Road (The Grapes of Wrath album) (2013)
The High Road (JoJo album), 2006
The High Road (Roxy Music album), 1983
High Road (Kesha album) (2020)
High Road (Night Ranger album) (2014) or its title track
The High Road (EP), a 1983 EP by Roxy Music
The High Road, an album by Mudmen
Songs
"The High Road" (Broken Bells song) (2009)
"High Road" (Mastodon song) (2014)
"The High Road" (Three Days Grace song) (2013)
"High Road", a song by Fort Minor from The Rising Tied
"High Road", a song by Kelly Clarkson from Chemistry
"The High Road", a 1966 song by Lil' Bob and the Lollipops
Places
High Road, Perth
Chiswick High Road
Kilburn High Road
Streatham High Road
Tottenham High Road
See also
"The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond"
High Street (disambiguation)
Team High Road and Team High Road Women professional cycling teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Road |
The PlayStation 5 is a video game console by Sony Interactive Entertainment.
PS5 and variations thereof may also refer to:
Constituency PS-5 (Ghotki-I), a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh
Minardi PS05, a Formula One race car used by Minardi Cosworth in the 2005 Formula One season
PS-05/A, a pulse-doppler radar currently used by the JAS 39 Gripen fighter aircraft | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS5%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Humanist Institute is a training program for leaders within the humanist, and secular humanist movement.
Purpose and organization
The Humanist Institute offers several kinds of educational programs to the humanist community. These programs range from a two and a half year graduate certificate program, one day training seminars, and online courses. The Institute operates as a 501c3, educational organization. THI is an affiliate of the American Humanist Association with an independent Board of Directors, Executive Director, Co-Deans, and staff. The mission of THI is to be the leading center for humanist education serving all branches of humanism. The vision of THI is to provide educational opportunities that serve humanist and secular communities in world where humanism is widely accepted and respected life-stance.
History
The Institute was founded to educate and train effective leaders, organizers, and advocates for a variety of organizational settings, including within the humanist movement itself.
The idea for the Humanist Institute originated in Pittsburgh in 1976 and was the brainchild of Paul Beattie, a Unitarian Universalist minister. In August 1982, Rabbi Sherwin Wine organized a gathering of forty-five humanist leaders at the University of Chicago [where] the North American Committee for Humanism [NACH] was formed with Rabbi Wine as president. This new alliance was a response to the urgent need to defend humanism against the assaults of its enemies and to find an effective way to bring the message of humanism to a wider public. It was at this meeting that the Humanist Institute was voted to be established.
It was at this meeting that NACH founded The Humanist Institute. The founding members of the institute were Khoren Arisian, Paul Beattie, Ed Ericson, Paul Kurtz, Howard Radest, Lyle Simpson, and Sherwin Wine. Sherwin Wine served as the founding president with Howard Radest as the founding Dean. They were soon joined by feminist humanists Miriam Jerris and Jean Kotkins. Each of the original founders were themselves either leaders or founders of other humanist or humanistic organizations such as: the Society for Humanistic Judaism, the Council for Secular Humanism, the American Ethical Union, the Unitarian Universalist Association and the American Humanism Association.
In March 1984, The Humanist Institute was launched. The first class with students from the AEU, AHA, UUA, and SHJ gathered in New York at the Ethical Culture center for the first seminar with Howard Radest as mentor. It was the first trans-denominational, trans-humanist organization program for the education of humanist leaders.
Educational Programs
The Institute's foundation is its independent graduate level program that works in cooperation with existing humanist organizations granting a Certificate in Humanist Studies and Leadership. Students enrolled in the certificate program are provided a unique opportunity to collaborate with a diverse faculty and student body for whom take a non-theistic, naturalistic approach to humanism, whether interpreted in secular or religious terms. They are given a well-founded analytical understanding of humanism as a life-stance acquiring a deep theoretical understanding of humanism across the spectrum and practical application on a personal and professional basis. It is a low-residency distance learning program involving 8 sessions over 2 1/2 years. The curriculum includes: The Humanist Life Stance, Humanist Values & Principles, Humanism in Relation to Others, Essential Humanist Tools (Critical Thinking), Foundation Blocks for Humanism (Physical, Life and Social Sciences), Applying Humanism to Life (Leadership) and Aesthetics & Rituals.
In 2012, the Kochhar Online Humanist Education (KOHE) courses were added to the Institute's offerings. KOHE provides an array of self-guided courses introducing individuals to humanism and giving a means to explore at basic level humanist theory and practice. KOHE was the Internet's first website offering interactive courses in humanist thought.
In 2014, the Institute launched onsite training programs in conjunction with the Humanist Society, an endorsing organization for Humanist Celebrants across the United States. These trainings help Celebrants learn how to perform weddings, assist in end of life, conduct memorial services and celebrate other important life milestones. Day long workshops were piloted in 2015 as a part of an Educational Series Weekend. The American Humanist Association's Appignani Legal Center and LGBTQ Counsel worked with the Institute to provide "Secularism Today: Establishment Clause Jurisprudence" and "Humanism, Atheism & LGBTQ Communities".
References
Humanist associations
Skeptic organizations in the United States
Educational charities based in the United States
Educational organizations based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Humanist%20Institute |
Neal Heaton (born March 3, 1960) is a former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher who played for the Cleveland Indians, Minnesota Twins, Montreal Expos, Pittsburgh Pirates, Kansas City Royals, Milwaukee Brewers, and New York Yankees from 1982 to 1993.
Heaton was drafted by the Indians in the 2nd round of the 1981 amateur draft from the University of Miami. He was selected to the National League All-Star team in 1990 with the Pirates. On March 10, 1992, the Pirates traded Heaton to the Kansas City Royals for Kirk Gibson. In his 12-season career, he posted an 80-96 record with 699 strikeouts and a 4.37 ERA in 1507.0 innings pitched.
Heaton was inducted into the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame on Long Island in the Baseball Category with the Class of 1997.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
All-American college baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Cleveland Indians players
National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Kansas City Royals players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Miami Hurricanes baseball players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Minnesota Twins players
Montreal Expos players
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees players
Baseball players from Queens, New York
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Charleston Charlies players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Denver Zephyrs players
Baseball players from Suffolk County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal%20Heaton |
Crossroads, crossroad, cross road(s) or similar may refer to:
Crossroads (junction), where four roads meet
Film and television
Films
Crossroads (1928 film), a 1928 Japanese film by Teinosuke Kinugasa
Cross Roads (film), a 1930 British film by Reginald Fogwell
Crossroads (1937 film), a Chinese film starring Zhao Dan
Crossroads (1938 film), a French mystery film directed by Curtis Bernhardt
Crossroads (1942 film), an American mystery film starring William Powell and Hedy Lamarr
The Crossroads (1951 film), an Italian crime film by Fernando Cerchio
The Crossroads (1952 film), an Argentine film
The Crossroads (1960 film), a French-Spanish drama film by Alfonso Balcázar
Crossroads (1976 film), a film by Bruce Conner
Crossroad, a 1976 Hong Kong-Taiwanese film by Chin Han
Crossroads (1986 film), a film starring Ralph Macchio
The Crossroad, a 1988 documentary film by Ivars Seleckis
Crossroads (2002 film), a film starring Britney Spears
Crossroads: A Story of Forgiveness, a 2007 film starring Dean Cain
Crossroad (2017 film), an Indian anthology film
Crossroads (2017 film), a Nigerian short thriller film
Television
Series
Crossroads (1955 TV series), a 1955–1957 American anthology series centered on the lives of members of the clergy of various religious denominations
Crossroads (1992 TV series), a 1992–1993 American drama series following a Manhattan attorney and his son touring America by motorbike
Crossroads (British TV series), a British soap opera that aired from 1964 to 1988 and 2001–2003
Crossroads (Kazakhstani TV series), a soap opera
CMT Crossroads, a 2002 American television program pairing country music artists with musicians from other genres
Episodes
"Crossroads" (Band of Brothers), the fifth episode (2001)
"Crossroads" (Battlestar Galactica), the nineteenth and twentieth episodes (2007)
"Crossroads" (Jericho), the ninth episode (2006)
"Crossroads" (Stargate SG-1), the seventieth episode (2000)
"The Crossroads", an AEW Dynamite special episode (2021)
Literature
As God Commands (novel) or The Crossroads, a novel by Niccolò Ammaniti
Crossroads (book series), a high fantasy series of books by Kate Elliott
The Crossroads (novel), a children's novel by Chris Grabenstein
Cross Roads (novel), a novel by William Paul Young
Crossroads (comics), a limited series from First Comics
Crossroad (manga), a 2003 manga series
Crossroads, a series of Dragonlance novels
Crossroads (play), a 2009 play by Bahram Beyzai
Crossroads (novel), a 2021 novel by Jonathan Franzen
Music
Crossroads (quartet), 2009 Barbershop Harmony Society international champions
Crossroads (Sanjay Shrestha), a Nepali pop band founded by Sanjay Shrestha
Cross Road (videos), a 1994 set of videos by Bon Jovi
Crossroads Guitar Festival, a blues and rock concert arranged by Eric Clapton
Albums
Cross Road (album), a 1994 compilation album by Bon Jovi
Crossroads (Tracy Chapman album) (1989) or its title track
Crossroads (Eric Clapton album) (1988)
Crossroads (Jerry González album) (1994)
Crossroads (mind.in.a.box album) (2007)
Crossroad (Masami Okui album) (2002)
Crossroad (Calvin Russell album) (2000)
Crossroads (Sylver album) (2006)
Crossroads (1986 soundtrack)
Crossroads 2: Live in the Seventies (1996)
Crossroads: 2010, an album by Bizzy Bone
Songs
"Cross Road" (song), a 1993 single by Mr. Children
"Crossroad" (song), a 2010 song by Ayumi Hamasaki
"Crossroads" (GFriend song), a song by GFriend from their 2020 extended play 回:Labyrinth
"Crossroads" (Tracy Chapman song), a 1989 single by Tracy Chapman
"Tha Crossroads", a 1996 single by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
"Cross Road Blues", a 1936 blues song by Robert Johnson, later recorded as "Crossroads" by many other musicians
"Crossroad", a 1995 song from the album E. 1999 Eternal by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
"Crossroad", a 2014 single by Au5 featuring Danyka Nadeau
"Crossroads", a 1967 song by Gordon Lightfoot, from The Way I Feel
"Crossroads", a 1971 song by Don McLean, from American Pie
"Crossroads", a 1991 single by Calvin Russell
"Crossroads", a 1993 song by LL Cool J, from 14 Shots to the Dome
"Crossroads", a 2002 single by Blazin' Squad
"Crossroads", a 2008 song by Avenged Sevenfold from their compilation album Live in the LBC & Diamonds in the Rough
"Crossroads", a 2011 song by Dead by April, from Incomparable
"Crossroads", a 2013 song by Dethklok, from The Doomstar Requiem
"Crossroads", a 2020 song by In Hearts Wake, from Kaliyuga
"Cross Roads", a 2020 song by YoungBoy Never Broke Again, from album Top
Organizations
Crossroads (Cincinnati), an interdenominational church in Cincinnati, Ohio
Crossroads Centre, an addiction rehabilitation facility in Antigua and Barbuda
Crossroads Foundation, a non-profit charity based in Hong Kong
Companies
Crossroad Publishing Company, a Christian media organization
Crossroads Christian Communications, a media company and television network in Canada
Places
Cross Roads, West Yorkshire, England
Cross Roads, Jamaica, a neighbourhood of Kingston
Crossroads, Cape Town, South Africa
Australia
Crossroads (medieval village), a medieval project in New South Wales
Cross Road, Adelaide, a road in Adelaide
Cross Roads, South Australia, a locality
United States
Cross Roads, Monroe County, Arkansas
Cross Roads, Delaware County, Indiana
Cross Roads, Ripley County, Indiana
Crossroads, Indiana
Florence, Kentucky, formerly known as Crossroads
Hustonville, Kentucky, formerly known as The Crossroads
Crossroads, George County, Mississippi
Cross Roads, Rankin County, Mississippi
Cross Roads, Douglas County, Missouri
Cross Roads, St. Francois County, Missouri
Cross Roads, Stone County, Missouri
Crossroads, Kansas City, a neighborhood in downtown Kansas City, Missouri
Crossroads, New Jersey
Crossroads, New Mexico
Cross Roads, Pennsylvania, a borough in York County
Crossroads, Tennessee
Crossroads, Wayne County, Tennessee
Cross Roads, Texas
Cross Roads, Henderson County, Texas
Surry, Virginia, formerly Cross Roads
Crossroads, Bellevue, Washington, a neighborhood
Crossroads, Monongalia County, West Virginia
Crossroads, Summers County, West Virginia
Crossroads Village (Michigan), a county park near Flint, Michigan
Other uses
Crossroads (folklore), a symbolic location often used in folklore
Crossroads (mural), a public artwork in Indianapolis, Indiana, US
Crossroads (mythology), a site of supernatural contact or events
Crossroads (Umbanda), a syncretic Afro-Brazilian religion
Crossroads Movement, which gave rise to the International Churches of Christ
Operation Crossroads, the 1946 atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll
Crossroads, a 1987 Commodore 64 game
Crossroads, an intersection management system for self-driving cars
The Crossroads (Portage, Michigan), a shopping mall in Portage, Michigan
See also
Crossroads Church (disambiguation)
Crossroads Mall (disambiguation)
Crossroads School (disambiguation)
Burial at cross-roads, a place where executed criminals and suicides were traditionally buried
Carrefour (English: Crossroads), an international supermarket chain founded in France
Fork in the road (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroads |
The All Belarusian People's Assembly (, ) is a general meeting of the Belarusian Government with industry leaders and other top officials from every sector of the government.
History
The first Assembly was held October 19–20, 1996, a few weeks before the controversial referendum which was used to legitimize the concentration of power in the hands of president Alexander Lukashenko. The second Assembly took place in May 2001, the third in March 2006, the fourth in 2010, the fifth in 2016, and the sixth in 2021.
Criticism
Members of the Belarusian opposition are actively criticizing the Assemblies for allegedly being propaganda events organized to demonstrate unanimous support to the country's authoritarian leader Alexander Lukashenko. Members of the opposition have regularly been denied access to the Assembly or prevented from speaking at it. In 2006, presidential candidate and former rector of the Belarusian State University, Alyaksandr Kazulin, was beaten and detained by police after attempting to enter the All Belarusian People's Assembly. He was charged with disorderly conduct and released after being held in custody for eight hours.
Opposition parties have characterized the Assemblies as an "unconstitutional body" whose aim was to "delegitimize the institute of parliament in Belarus" and to "demonstrate nationwide support [to Alexander Lukashenko] ahead of the presidential elections".
Critics describe the procedure of appointing delegates to the Assembly as non-transparent and undemocratic, similar to the procedure of appointing delegates to the Congresses of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during Soviet times.
The critics point out that the Assembly "cannot be accepted as a legitimate expresser of the will of the Belarusian people. It was formed by orders of the executive bodies and is not a representative democratic body. Given that only and exclusively supporters of the policies of the current government will be present at the so-called Assembly, this body is unable to accomplish the task of national consolidation."
References
External links
The law on All Belarusian and local assemblies
The 2016 Belarusian People's Congress: the Illusion of Democracy
Government of Belarus
Propaganda in Belarus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Belarusian%20People%27s%20Assembly |
The Jade Ribbon Campaign (JRC) also known as JoinJade, was launched by the Asian Liver Center (ALC) at Stanford University in May 2001 during Asian Pacific American Heritage Month to help spread awareness internationally about hepatitis B (HBV) and
liver cancer in Asian and Pacific Islander (API) communities.
The objective of the Jade Ribbon Campaign is twofold: (1) to eradicate HBV worldwide; and (2) to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with liver cancer.
Considered to be the essence of heaven and earth, Jade is believed in many Asian cultures to bring good luck and longevity while deflecting negativity. Folded like the Chinese character "人" (ren) meaning "person" or "people", the Jade Ribbon symbolizes the spirit of the campaign in bringing the Asian and global community together to combat this silent epidemic.
Outreach efforts
Since the campaign's founding, the Asian Liver Center (ALC) has been spearheading the Jade Ribbon Campaign through public service announcements in various media such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboard, and buses targeting communities with large API populations. The ALC also holds numerous seminars for health professionals and the public, cultural fairs, conferences, and HBV screening/vaccination events.
3 For Life
One of the ALC's largest achievements was the founding of 3 for Life in September 2004, a pilot program in collaboration with the San Francisco Department of Public Health that provided low-cost hepatitis A and B vaccinations and free hepatitis B testing to the San Francisco community every first and third Saturday of the month for a year. The program tested and vaccinated over 1,200 people—50% of which were found to be unprotected against HBV and 10% to be positive for HBV. Upon the completion of 3 for Life in September 2005, the ALC currently is working on plans to launch a similar screening/vaccination program to service the large API population in Los Angeles.
LIVERight
The Answer to Cancer (A2C) run was founded by Adrian Elkins, a 20-year-old student at Southern Oregon University who was diagnosed with liver cancer in 2002. Had he known during his childhood that his ethnicity and chronic hepatitis B infection increased his chance of developing liver cancer by 100%, he would have been regularly monitored for liver damage. He had no idea that hepatitis B – a disease he contracted at birth in Calcutta, India – causes 80% of the world's liver cancer cases. Adrian battled his disease for ten months, working tirelessly to organize an event to raise money for liver cancer research. Adrian saw the first-ever A2C run take place on August 8, 2003. Thanks to the generous support of friends, families and numerous companies, the 2003 Answer to Cancer Race was able to raise more than $20,000 for three charities and reach out to more than 240 participants. Adrian died only eight days after this first race.
Adrian Elkins inspired the Asian Liver Center to start LIVERight on the go!, a 5K Run/Walk to raise awareness about hepatitis B and liver cancer in the Asian Pacific Islander community.
On April 30, 2005 in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, the Asian Liver Center and the Answer to Cancer Foundation hosted LIVERight, the first 5K run/walk to raise awareness about hepatitis B and liver cancer.
On November 11, 2006, the 2nd annual LIVERight was held at Stanford's Sand Hill Fields. The community event had 700 registered participants, 100 volunteers, and raised over $135,000.
The 3rd Annual LIVERight 5k Run/Walk took place on May 10, 2008. It had over 600 registered runners and raised over $100,000 to fight hepatitis B and liver cancer.
The 4th Annual LIVERight 5k Run/Walk was held on Saturday, May 2, 2009 at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, California. The over 400 runners raised over $100,000 to fight liver cancer and hepatitis B.
The goal of LIVERight was not only to raise money to support ALC's outreach efforts, but more importantly to educate and increase awareness of this pressing public health issue. Educational displays, informational booths and course signs were unique and significant components to the event. The education allowed participants to learn more about hepatitis B prevention and treatment, as well as hear the real stories about the lives lost and won to liver cancer.
Jade Ribbon Campaign reusable bag
99 Ranch Market and the Asian Liver Center at Stanford University joined together to create the Jade Ribbon reusable shopping bag—an environmentally-friendly way to raise awareness about an urgent health concern for Asians. The eco-friendly reusable shopping bag, along with educational materials on hepatitis B, was made available from July 24 to August 31 in 2009 with every donation of two dollars or more to the Jade Ribbon Campaign to support hepatitis B education and outreach.
Team HBV collegiate chapters
Team HBV is the official chapter of the Asian Liver Center at Stanford University and is currently the only student-run, non-profit, collegiate organization in the United States that addresses the high incidence of hepatitis B and liver cancer in the Asian and Pacific Islander community.
The mission of Team HBV is to advance the goals of the ALC at college campuses across the United States to help fight hepatitis B and liver cancer worldwide.
Adopted by the Asian Liver Center in Fall 2006, the first official Team HBV chapters were founded in Cornell, Duke, and University of California, Berkeley. There are now Team HBV Collegiate Chapters at Duke, Cornell, UC Berkeley, Stanford, Brown, UC Davis, Harvard, Wesleyan, the University of Pennsylvania, Rice, Wesleyan, and UC San Diego, and international chapters at Jiaotong University in China, Central University for Nationalities, Tsinghua University, and Minzu University of China.
The Inaugural Team HBV Collegiate Conference, organized by the Asian Liver Center, brings together individuals representing Team HBV chapters worldwide, Jade Ribbon Campaign advocates, and hepatitis B and liver cancer experts. The conference provides a professional forum for Team HBV chapters to share insights, best practices, and strategies to advance hepatitis B outreach, education, and communication. The first Team HBV Collegiate Conference took place November 2009 at Stanford University.
San Francisco Hep B Free
San Francisco Hep B Free is a citywide campaign to turn San Francisco into the first hepatitis B free city in the nation. This unprecedented 2-year-long campaign beginning April 2007 will screen, vaccinate and treat all San Francisco Asian and Pacific Islander (API) residents of hepatitis B (HBV) by providing convenient, free or low-cost testing opportunities at partnering health facilities and events.
The SF Hep B Free campaign puts San Francisco at the forefront of America in fighting chronic hepatitis. It will be the largest, most intensive healthcare campaign for Asian and Pacific Islanders in the US This initiative has received national attention and is being looked to as a model by the California legislature. Mayor Gavin Newsom, Assemblywoman Fiona Ma and Supervisor Ed Jew are leading the effort with more than 50 healthcare and Asian Pacific Islander organizations. The SF Board of Supervisors and SF Health Commission have passed unanimous resolutions supporting SF Hep B Free.
Cal Hep B Free
Cal Hep B Free is a student-led, not-for-profit health promotion pilot program launched on September 15, 2008 at the University of California, Berkeley. Supported by numerous student organizations on campus and endorsed by Vice Chancellor of Student Affairs Harry Le Grande, City of Berkeley Public Health Division, and California Assemblywoman Fiona Ma, the major student-initiated campaign effort brings together university students, faculty, and administration at UC Berkeley in an effort to screen, vaccinate, and treat high-risk ethnic groups, particularly individuals of Asian and Pacific Islander (API), Middle Eastern, Eastern European, Russian, and African descent for hepatitis B (HBV). The Cal Hep B Free campaign will allow UC Berkeley to join San Francisco Hep B Free, the largest healthcare campaign in the US to target APIs in the US, at the forefront of America in fighting chronic hepatitis B.
The slogan for Cal Hep B Free is: B SMART, B TESTED, B FREE! and outlines the specific objectives of the campaign:
B SMART: Dispel misconceptions and create campus awareness about the health risks of HBV and the importance of screening for HBV.
B TESTED: Promote routine hepatitis B screenings and assist and direct students, faculty, and staff to campus and other local sites where they may obtain free or low-cost screenings.
B FREE: Design and implement a unique, coalition-partnership model that involves campus and local entities to maximize awareness and sustainability. Knowledge is power and can prevent what you don't know from killing you!
Erik's DeliCafe Partnership
JoinJade campaign at Stanford University partnered with three Erik’s DeliCafe locations to promote hepatitis B and liver health awareness in Santa Clara County, where an estimated 31,273 people are living with chronic hepatitis B. The collaboration aimed to promote testing, as diagnosis and regular monitoring significantly reduce a chronic carrier’s chance of developing liver cancer.
Franchise owners Mayank and Ambika Agrawal distributed awareness inserts to 5,000 customers between July 15-July 28, 2019, in recognition of World Hepatitis Day. The owners also helped sponsor scholarships for students to attend the Annual Youth Leadership Conference on Asian and Pacific Islander Health.
International efforts
Qinghai Project
Home to a large population of ethnic minorities of low socioeconomic status, the Qinghai province is a remote, often neglected, rural region of China with a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B. Since many children 5 years of age and older in Qinghai were not vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus at birth, a private-public partnership was formed between the Ping and Amy Chao Foundation, the ZeShan Foundation, the Asian Liver Center at Stanford University, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control, and the Qinghai government. Using the existing provincial China CDC structure, this private-public partnership in Qinghai resulted in a unique two-part school-based immunization program to educate and provide free Hep B vaccination for all children in kindergarten and grade school within the region.
Between 2006 and 2008, this program demonstrated the feasibility and successful implementation of:
A province-wide catch-up vaccination program that reached 600,000 children in 2,200 schools, and
A hepatitis B education program incorporated into the school curriculum.
Impact: The success of this large scale province-wide demonstration program led the Chinese government to announce the adoption of a new policy beginning in 2009 to provide free catch-up hepatitis B vaccination for all children in China under the age of 15 who have not been vaccinated.
Prevalence and risks for Asians and Pacific Islanders
While 0.3% of the United States population has chronic hepatitis B infection, APIs make up more than half of the 1.3-1.5 million known hepatitis B carriers. Depending on the country of origin, 5-15% of foreign born APIs in the US are hepatitis B carriers. In some Pacific Rim countries, as many as 10-20% of the population are hepatitis B carriers.
Despite the availability of the hepatitis B vaccine, vaccination rates outside the US are low and hepatitis B remains a global health problem. Therefore, many children worldwide remain unvaccinated and many adults may be chronic carriers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 350-400 million people with chronic hepatitis B and many are not even aware of their condition. Although most hepatitis B carriers have no symptoms, they can still transmit the infection and develop liver cancer.
Reasons for lack of diagnosis
The danger of hepatitis B lies in its silent transmission and progression. Many chronic hepatitis B carriers are asymptomatic (have no symptoms) and feel perfectly healthy. Chronically infected individuals may exhibit normal blood tests for liver function and be granted a clean bill of health. The diagnosis cannot be made without a specific blood test for the presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), a marker for chronic infection. Since the detection of hepatitis B is so easily missed, even by doctors, it is also up to the patient to specifically request the HBsAg test. Early detection not only benefits the person tested, but prevents infection from being passed silently from one child to another, and from one generation to another.
In addition, misconceptions about the endemic nature of hepatitis B in the API population and the efficacy of US vaccination programs has led many individuals and health-care providers to overlook the need for testing for APIs.
Transmission
Most APIs are infected by HBV at birth by their carrier mothers (perinatal infection). Individuals who are infected at birth can develop liver cancer at age 35 or earlier. Also, individuals infected at birth will carry the virus for life, regardless of future vaccination. Transmission is also common during early childhood through direct contact with blood of infected individuals, occurring from contact between open wounds, sharing contaminated toothbrushes or razors, or through contaminated medical/dental tools. Hepatitis B can also be transmitted by blood transfusions, sharing or reusing needles for injection or tattoos, and unprotected sex.
Common misconceptions
Contrary to common misconceptions
Hepatitis B is not transmitted through food/water.
Hepatitis B is not transmitted through casual contact, such as hugging or shaking hands.
Hepatitis B is not transmitted through kissing, sneezing, or coughing.
Hepatitis B is not transmitted through breastfeeding.
Vaccination does not help individuals who are already infected with hepatitis B.
Mortality risks
Without appropriate management and screening, one in four hepatitis B infected individuals (25%) will die from liver cancer or cirrhosis (liver damage leading to scarring and eventually death from liver failure). Some develop cancer as early as 30 years of age. Every year, approximately one million people worldwide die from the disease because they are not diagnosed before the point where current treatment can be effective. Because so many chronically infected individuals feel perfectly healthy even with early liver cancer, the disease can progress without the carrier even knowing. When symptoms do appear, it is often only at the late stages of the disease. All people with chronic hepatitis B infection, whether they feel healthy or sick, are at risk for developing liver cancer or cirrhosis. Finding the cancer when it is small by regular screening remains the best chance of surviving liver cancer.
Hepatitis B is one of the largest health threats for Asians and Pacific Islanders. All individuals of Asian descent should request the hepatitis B surface antigen test (HBsAg) to identify infection. Also, individuals should request the hepatitis B surface antibody test (HBsAb) to identify immunity. 5%-10% of those vaccinated do not develop the antibodies and are not protected. The only way to prevent deaths from liver cancer is to identify chronic HBV individuals early enough for treatment.
Statistics
Global statistics
350-400 million people worldwide have chronic HBV infection (compare with 40 million living with HIV)
Without appropriate treatment or monitoring, 1 in 4 people with chronic HBV will die of liver cancer, cirrhosis or liver failure.
HBV takes a million lives a year in the world.
HBV is second only to tobacco in causing the most cancer deaths worldwide.
80% of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) is caused by chronic HBV infection.
HBV is preventable with a vaccine available for over 25 years.
United States statistics
HBV is the biggest health disparity between Asian American and White Americans.
10% of Asian Americans are chronically infected versus less than 0.3% of the general population.
1.4 million people are chronically infected in US and more than half are Asian.
Liver cancer incidence is 6 - 13 times higher for Asians.
Liver cancer mortality remains higher than other cancers despite advances in research and medical technology:
There are more HBsAg-positive (chronically infected with HBV) API women than women of other ethnicities:
API population has increased 4x since 1980 (14.4 million in 2002)
Foreign born API: 2.5 million in 1980 and 8.3 million in 2002
75% came from countries with chronic HBV rates of 8-15%
APIs tend to live in large households; 20% live with 5 or more people
Many API seek medical treatments from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners.
No routine blood tests and medical check-ups.
Under-reporting of both acute and chronic HBV infection.
Federal ACIP guidelines recommending that universal infant vaccination against HBV at birth, regardless of the mother's HBV status were implemented in November 1991.
China statistics
1/3 of the world's chronic HBV patients live in China.
130 million Chinese (1 in 10) have chronic HBV.
In one day, 3 times more people die of HBV than the entire SARS outbreak.
In two years, fewer than 10 people have died from avian flu in China.
HBV kills 500,000 mainland Chinese each year (50% of global deaths).
Comparing HBV with HIV/AIDS in mainland China:
Rates of hepatitis B infection
Chronic HBV infection rates in US and Western Europe (lowest): 0.1-0.5%
Chronic HBV infection rates in Asia, Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa: 10% (5-20%)
Chronic HBV infection rates in API Americans: 7% (approximately 840,000)
Foreign born API: 9% (range 5-15%)
US born API: 1.4%
Chronic HBV infection rates in Caucasian, Hispanic, or African American: 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.5%
See also
Hepatitis B
Liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
San Francisco Hep B Free
Hepatitis B in China
References
External links
Asian Liver Center at Stanford University official website
HepBMoms
Know HBV Brochure on Hepatitis B
Physician's Guide to Hepatitis B
Jade Ribbon Campaign Arizona
Team HBV official website
Team HBV at University of California, Berkeley
San Francisco Hep B Free official website
Cal Hep B Free official website
CDC fact sheet on Hepatitis B
ThinkB.org
Personal video message on the dangers of Hepatitis B to the Asian community
Medical and health organizations based in California
Ribbon symbolism
Health campaigns
Green symbols
Hepatitis B | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade%20Ribbon%20Campaign |
Stravomyti Cave is an ancient Minoan cave on Crete.
Geography
Stravomyti Cave is 400 meters above sea level on Mt. Juktas' southwest slope.
Archaeology
Stravomyti Cave first saw use during Neolithic times, as a refuge and burial. During the Early Minoan period, the quality of pottery suggests that people lived in the caves. Thereafter, it was used for storage and worship.
The cave may have once been a shrine to a female deity - Artemis, Diktynna or perhaps Eileithyia.
References
Sakellarakis, J. and E. 1991 Crete Archanes (guidebook)
Neolithic sites in Crete
Minoan sites in Crete
Ancient caves of Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stravomyti |
Sergeantsville is a historic unincorporated community located within Delaware Township, in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Sergeantsville was first settled by a Mr. Thatcher in 1700, and was later named for Charles Sergeant, an American Revolutionary War soldier, in honor of the Sergeant family of which three brothers were local shopkeepers. "Out-of-towners give themselves away when they pronounce the first syllable 'sarge'; it's 'serge.'" Green Sergeant's Covered Bridge, constructed in 1872 across the Wickecheoke Creek, is located just west of Sergeantsville and is the oldest remaining covered bridge in New Jersey.
Sergeantsville was officially created in 1827 when it became desirable to establish a post office. Until that time, this largely rural area was known as "Skunktown", perhaps because the town served as a market center for skunk pelts.
Sergeantsville's annual "Thanksgiving in the Country" house tour, established in 1973, takes four or five different homes each year, that have historical, architectural or cultural qualities.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Sergeantsville include:
William Cotton (1880–1958), portrait painter, caricaturist, and playwright.
Gabby Provenzano (born 1999), professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder or center back for Portland Thorns FC in the National Women's Soccer League
References
External links
Thanksgiving in the Country - an annual tour of Sergeantsville's historic homes
Sergeantsville Volunteer Fire Company
1827 establishments in New Jersey
Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1827
Unincorporated communities in Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergeantsville%2C%20New%20Jersey |
Chelsea Creek, shown on federal maps as the Chelsea River, is a waterway that runs along the shore of Chelsea, Massachusetts, and separates that community from the cities of Boston and Revere, as well as feeding part of the current Belle Isle Marsh Reservation that separates Boston from Revere. It is one of 10 designated port areas in Massachusetts.
The creek starts as Mill Creek at a former pond at the intersection of Revere Beach Parkway (Massachusetts Route 16) and U.S. Route 1, now a shopping center. Mill Creek meanders east for 0.5 mile, then takes a sharp turn south, becoming Chelsea Creek, and widens significantly as it runs between Chelsea and the neighborhood of East Boston. In that area, the waterway is used by oil tankers to transport fuel to adjacent oil tanks. The creek then turns southwest and runs into the Mystic River shortly before it empties into Boston Harbor.
All of the jet fuel used at Logan International Airport is stored along the Chelsea Creek, with 70–80 percent of the heating fuel in New England, and road salt for approximately 350 communities across the region.
In May 1775, the American colonists won the first offensive victory of the American Revolution over the British, in a naval battle known as the Battle of Chelsea Creek.
Crossings
Chelsea Parkway Plaza, between Chelsea and Revere (source)
Broadway, between Chelsea and Revere
former Slade Mill at Mill Street, Revere
MBTA Commuter Rail Newburyport/Rockport Line
Chelsea Street Bridge
Andrew P. McArdle Memorial Bridge
References
Rivers of Suffolk County, Massachusetts
Mystic River
Rivers of Massachusetts
Geography of Suffolk County, Massachusetts
Chelsea, Massachusetts
Revere, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea%20Creek |
A thumb signal, usually described as a thumbs-up or thumbs-down, is a common hand gesture achieved by a closed fist held with the thumb extended upward or downward, respectively. The thumbs-up gesture is associated with positivity, approval, achievement, satisfaction and solidarity, while the thumbs-down gesture is associated with concern, disapproval, dissatisfaction, rejection and failure.
History
Natural human behaviour
While the exact source of the thumb gesture is obscure, several origins have been proposed. Carleton S. Coon, having observed Barbary apes in Gibraltar using the gesture, hypothesised in the anthropological classic The Story of Man that it is a mutual celebration of having opposable thumbs. Critics have suggested, however, that the apes may be simply imitating humans.
Ancient Rome
The Latin phrase pollice verso is used in the context of gladiatorial combat for a hand gesture used by Ancient Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator.
While it is clear that the thumb was involved, the precise type of gesture described by the phrase pollice verso and its meaning are unclear in the historical and literary record. According to Anthony Corbeill, a classical studies professor who has extensively researched the practice, thumbs up signalled killing the gladiator while "a closed fist with a wraparound thumb" meant sparing him. In modern popular culture, necessarily without a historical basis from Ancient Rome, it is wrongly presumed that "thumbs down" was the signal that a defeated gladiator should be condemned to death; "thumbs up", that he should be spared.
Middle Ages
It has been suggested that 'thumbs up' was a signal from English archers preparing for battle that all is well with their bow and they are ready to fight. Before use, the fistmele (or the "brace height") was checked, that being the distance between the string and the bow on an English longbow. This fistmele should be about , which is about the same as a fist with a thumb extended. The term fistmele is a Saxon word that refers to that measurement.
Desmond Morris in Gestures: Their Origins and Distribution traces the practice back to a medieval custom used to seal business transactions. Over time, the mere sight of an upraised thumb came to symbolize harmony and kind feelings. For example in the seventeenth century, see the Diego Velázquez painting The Lunch.
20th century
The Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest written instance of "thumbs-up" (with a positive meaning) as being from Over the Top, a 1917 book written by Arthur Guy Empey. Empey was an American who served in the British armed forces during World War I. He wrote: "Thumbs up, Tommy’s expression which means ‘everything is fine with me'." A visual example of the British use of "thumbs up" having a positive meaning (or, "okay") from the 1920s can be seen 19 minutes into the British-made silent 1927 film The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog, where the younger man examines some paper money for the older man and declares it "good" (not counterfeit) with a "thumbs up" using both hands.
Popularization in the United States is generally attributed to the practices of World War II pilots, who used the thumbs up to communicate with ground crews before take-off. This custom may have originated with the China-based Flying Tigers, who were among the first American flyers involved in World War II. The appreciative Chinese would say ting hao de (挺好的) meaning "very good", and gesture with a thumbs up, which in Chinese means "you're number one". High officials in the Chinese government see it as a sign of respect.
During World War II, pilots on US aircraft carriers adopted the thumbs up gesture to alert the deck crew that they were ready to go and that the wheel chocks could be removed. On modern US carriers, specific deck crew hold a thumb up to signal to the pilot and control tower that their station is OK for take-off. American GIs are reputed to have picked up on the thumb gesture and spread it throughout Europe as they marched toward Berlin. According to Luís da Câmara Cascudo, Brazilians adopted the thumbs up from watching American pilots based in northern Brazil during World War II.
21st century
Senator John McCain of Arizona, when he cast the deciding vote that derailed a Republican repeal of the Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare") on July 28, 2017, used the thumbs down gesture.
In 2023, a farmer in Canada was fined C$82,000 ($USD 61,610) for using a thumbs-up emoji in response to a text message contract, which was ruled as a binding agreement. The farmer failed to fulfill the contract by not delivering the expected amount of flax, leading to the penalty. The judge considered the emoji's meaning of assent or approval, concluding that it can serve as a digital signature. The ruling recognized the use of non-traditional methods, like emojis, in confirming contracts in today's technological landscape.
International usage
The thumbs up signal has a generally positive connotation in English-speaking countries. However, its perceived meaning varies significantly from culture to culture.
The sign is said to have a pejorative meaning in some countries, including Iraq and Iran.
In Germany, France, Hungary and Finland the gesture can simply indicate the number one, in the right context.
The thumbs up gesture is used on the logo of Thums Up, a popular brand of cola from India. Starting in 2007, the thumbs-up also appeared on India's one-rupee coin.
In the United States, American Sign Language users use a single thumb up tilted slightly and rapidly left and right to indicate the number ten (10). When held stationary and thrust toward another person the meaning is "yourself". When lifted up by the other palm, the meaning is "help". The handshape is employed in the production of numerous signs in American Sign Language beyond those mentioned here.
On the Internet, and most particularly on the social media site Facebook, the thumbs up gesture is shown as an icon and is associated with the term "like"—which within that context means to follow or subscribe to the page, posts, or profile of another individual or company; and on YouTube, individual videos may be voted on positively or negatively by clicking the thumbs-up or thumbs-down icons respectively (which in some previous versions of the site, used to be accompanied by "Like" and "Dislike" labels, and are still referred as such nowadays), and in the case of a thumbs-up, the video gets added to the user's "Liked videos" playlist. See like button.
In underwater diving signals, thumb up means "let's go up".
Context-specific usage
More recently, these gestures are associated with film reviews, having been popularized by critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert on their televised review show Siskel & Ebert; the thumb up meaning a positive opinion of a film; the thumb down meaning a negative one. The trademarked phrase "two thumbs up", originally meaning a positive review from both reviewers, has come to be used as an indication of very high quality or unanimity of praise.
By extension from the film review usage, many websites (including Facebook) allow users to approve or disapprove of items, such as comments in a forum, products in a store, or even other people's reviews of movies, books, products, etc., by choosing to click either a thumbs-up or thumbs-down button. In the aggregate, this serves as an evaluation system. Other users may then see the total number of thumbs up and thumbs down given to an item or the number produced by subtracting thumbs down from thumbs up. In the latter case, an item that received exactly ten of each would read as having a rating of zero, rather than one of +10/-10. Often, users may view a list of items in order of popularity, as ranked by this metric.
Hitchhikers in the West traditionally use a thumb gesture to solicit rides from oncoming vehicles. However, in this presentation, the arm is generally outstretched with the palm and closed fingers facing the motorist. The gesture is usually performed with the hand nearest the motorist and points down the road, indicating the hopeful destination. A hitchhiker may wave the hand, emphasizing the directional meaning. This is similar to the "thumb towards the door" gesture, for "get out of here!"
In scuba diving, the thumbs-up gesture is a specific diving signal given underwater, in which the diver indicates that he or she is about to stop his or her dive and ascend. This occasionally confuses new divers, who might automatically gesture thumbs-up when trying to indicate approval—actually indicating a desire to stop diving and to ascend. The diving signal for approval is the A-ok sign.
In basketball, when a held ball occurs, an official will jerk both thumbs in the air, signalling that a jump ball is in order.
In baseball, umpires will sometimes jerk a thumbs-up over their shoulder as an "out" signal
Amusement park rides such as roller coasters are usually cleared for departure using a thumbs-up signal from the workers after inspection that all safety precautions have been taken.
Texas A&M University uses a thumbs-up as their Gig 'em hand signal, as it represents the action of gigging. The gesture and corresponding slogan "Gig 'em, Aggies!" were popularized in the early 20th century, becoming the first hand sign of the Southwest Conference.
Unicode
Unicode code points related to thumb signals include:
Other encodings
Many keyboard emoticons utilize the shapes of lowercase "b" and "d" to represent a thumbs-up sign. Simple versions incorporate a dash for the wrist: -b or =b (right hand) and d- or d= (left hand). Many Japanese kaomoji icons place the thumbs beside a face constructed from punctuation marks, such as d(＾＾)ｂ or b(~_^)d. Various instant messaging services use (y) and (n) as a shortcut for thumbs up and thumbs down emoji.
See also
OK (gesture)
Finger (gesture)
References
Hand gestures
Fingers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumb%20signal |
Four Fires is a novel written by Bryce Courtenay. It was first published in 2001.
Background to the novel
The title is derived from a quote (unspecified, but possibly of Indigenous Australian origin):
The novel focuses on the Maloney family, who live in country Victoria. It also deals with many major events and issues in Australian history, as seen through the eyes of, or experienced by, the Maloneys. These include feminism, bushfires and PTSD. The story covers a time period from the late 1940s to 1999.
Plot
The Maloney family live in a Victorian town, Yankalillee, in the Wangaratta-Wodonga area. The family is in many ways dysfunctional, but they are also fiercely loyal to each other and their friends and supporters. They start the novel far down the social ladder, but strive to rise up it, in spite of those who seek to keep them down.
The Maloney family
Tommy; a descendant of Irish Catholic convicts, he is technically the head of the family, although only two of the children were fathered by him. A born 'bushie' who fights in World War II as a corporal in the Australian army, he is captured after the fall of Singapore. He survives years of hell as a POW and barely survives the Death Marches from Sandakan to Ranau. Back home, physically and psychologically damaged, he alternates between bouts of alcoholism, prison terms for petty theft and 'going bush'. He is a respected bushfire fighter. He tells his horrific wartime story, which he has never told before, to his son Mole.
Nancy is the mother of the family, physically and mentally strong and unafraid to stand up to anyone, even her social 'betters'. In Tommy's (frequent) absences, she runs a garbage business under contract to the shire council. Her children regard her as a 'collapsed catholic' (from Nancy's term: "Lapsed Catholic").
Sarah is the oldest child. A brilliant student, she is accepted into medical school, but becomes pregnant and has to fight to be admitted. She graduates with honours.
Michael aka Mike, has artistic talents and learns the fashion trade in Melbourne. Unable to find a way to promote his unorthodox designs, he moves to London.
Bozonik aka Bozo, has boxing talent and, as a protégé of the town police sergeant, wins a bronze medal at the Rome Olympics. He joins Nancy in the garbage collecting business, expanding it eventually into a major trucking and passenger transport concern.
Peter aka Mole is the narrator of the novel. He is Tommy's favourite child and learns bush lore and bush fire fighting from him. He joins the army and serves in Vietnam as a sergeant/warrant officer. He is decorated for saving an office from certain death under heavy fire. A brilliant student, he obtains a degree and a doctorate and becomes a university lecturer. He is reunited with his childhood sweetheart, Anna Dumbrowski, now a respected psychiatrist.
The fifth child is 'Little' Colleen, Tommy's second biological child.
Supporters and friends of the Maloney family
"Big Jack" Donovan, local police sergeant.
Morrie and Sophie Suckfizzle, aka Moishe and Zofia Zuckfizzleski, a Jewish couple who survived the concentration camps in Poland and Germany. Morrie is a former surgeon who requalifies and becomes a respected gynaecologist.
Father Crosby, the local Catholic minister, who goes head to head with Nancy regarding her family morals, but is ultimately reconciled with the family.
Karpurika Raychaundhuri aka Mrs. Rika Ray, an Indian-born herbalist, ayurvedic healer and midwife who delivers Sarah's daughter, Lucy Tempelton Moloney. She joins Bozo in the family business.
John Crowe, a childhood friend of Tommy and shire mechanic. He becomes a business partner of Bozo. He is killed in a horrific bushfire.
Lucy Barrington-Stone, wife of a wealthy grazier and pillar of the Country Women's Association. She makes it her personal mission to get Sarah admitted to university.
The novel takes place throughout Australia and in Vietnam, Thailand, Fiji, America, Poland and Italy. Real life figures such as Dawn Fraser, Muhammad Ali and Josef Mengele appear in the novel.
External links
Bryce Courtenay
http://www.brycecourtenay.com
ABC Interview with Bryce Courtenay
http://www.abc.net.au/talkingheads/txt/s1630548.htm
2001 Australian novels
Novels by Bryce Courtenay
Sandakan
Japanese prisoner of war and internment camps
Japanese war crimes
Death marches
Viking Press books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Fires |
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT, ; ) or colloquially "Bangmod" (; ) is an engineering and technology university in Thailand, focusing on teaching and research. It is one of nine national research universities (NRU) in Thailand. It is in Bang Mot Sub-district, Thung Khru District, Bangkok. It was founded on 18 April 1960, making it the third oldest engineering school and seventh oldest university in Thailand.
History
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi can trace its origin to the Thonburi Technical College (TTC) which was established on 4 February 1960, by the Department of Vocational Education, Ministry of Education. TTC had the mission of training technicians, technical instructors, and technologists. By virtue of the Technology Act, enacted 21 April 1971, three technical institutes are under the Department of Vocational Education: Thonburi Technical Institute (TTI), North Bangkok Technical Institute, and Nonthaburi Telecommunication Institute. They were combined to form one degree-granting institution under the name King Mongkut's Institute of Technology (KMIT) spread across three campuses. TTC thus became KMIT Thonburi campus. In 1974, KMIT was transferred from the Ministry of Education to the Ministry of University Affairs.
A new technology act was enacted 19 February 1986: the three campuses of KMIT became three autonomous institutes, each having university status. KMIT Thonburi campus became King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi (KMITT).
KMITT purchased of land to expand the campus.
Symbol
The university's formal seal is the personal seal of King Mongkut, also known as Rama IV. In the middle of the seal is the Great Crown of Victory, the most important of the five royal regailia of Thailand: the great crown of victory; the sword of victory; the royal staff; the royal slippers; and the royal fan and royal fly whisk) It has a white tiered umbrella of kingship bracing both sides. All of the symbols are displayed in a two-layered circle with text both in Thai and English showing the name of the university. This seal is used for announcements and official documents and is included in all of the ceremonies of the university.
The flower of King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi is "Thammaruksa", a flower that can easily be found on campus. The university color imitates that of the flower.
Faculties and Schools
KMUTT has the following Faculties and Schools:
Faculty of Engineering (FoE)
Faculty of Science (FSci)
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology (FIET)
School of Liberal Arts (SoLA)
School of Information Technology (SIT)
School of Architecture and Design (SoA+D)
School of Energy Environment and Materials (SEEM)
School of Bioresources and Technology (SBT)
Join Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE)
Institute of Field Robotics (FIBO)
Graduate School of Management and Innovation (GMI)
College of Multidisciplinary Sciences
Student life
The sports complex includes, among other facilities, a gymnasium, a basketball court, a football field, a table tennis facility and a tennis court.
Library of King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi is the management Central Office library, and information technology to support the mission of the university to provide education, promote research, development, technical education and service to the society.
KMUTT residence is an independent, non-profit organization in cooperation with the University administration.
There are student activities and sports services, sports equipment borrowing services such as football, volleyball etc., outdoor sports fields and indoor sports field.
Campuses
Bangmod main campus
Bang Mot is the main campus of KMUTT, in Thonburi on Prachauthit Road. The area of the main campus is . The Faculty of Engineering; Faculty of Science; Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology; School of Energy, Environmental and Materials; the School of Information Technology; the School of Liberal Arts; the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment; Graduate School of Management and Innovation; Institute of Field Robotics; Institute for Scientific and Technological Research and Services; Computer Center; and KMUTT Library are all present on this campus.
Bang Khun Thian Campus
The Bang Khun Thian Campus, in size, contains the School of Architecture and Design, the School of Bioresources and Technology, the Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, and the Industrial Park. It is in Bangkok's Bang Khun Thian District.
Ratchaburi Campus
The Ratchaburi campus is located in Ratchaburi province, approximately 150 kilometers to the west of the main Bangmod campus in Bangkok. A 500 million baht budget was allocated for construction in 2010.
Main campus dormitories
In the fiscal year 1995–1997, the government granted a budget of 190.8 million baht to King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi to construct the dormitory. The male dormitory, completed for 130.7 million baht, was a x eleven-story building, composed of 264 rooms that accommodate 944 students. The female dormitory, completed at the amount of 60.1 million baht, was a x ten-story building, composed of 110 rooms that accommodate 388 students.
Transportation
KMUTT provides a free bus service between the Bangmod campus and the Bang Khun Thian campus for students, staff, and visitors. The first trip from the Bangmod campus to the Bang Khun Thian campus is at 7:30 A.M. and the last trip is at 6:00 P.M. The first trip in the opposite direction from the Bang Khun Thian campus to the Bangmod campus starts at 8:00 A.M. and the last trip is at 7:00 P.M.
KMUTT Library
The "KMUTT Library and Information Center" was founded on 5 May 1988. On 19 October 2000 its name was changed to "KMUTT Library".
References
Universities and colleges in Bangkok
Education in Bangkok
Technical universities and colleges in Thailand
Universities and colleges established in 1960
1960 establishments in Thailand
Engineering universities and colleges in Thailand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Mongkut%27s%20University%20of%20Technology%20Thonburi |
Éric Aubriot (born 15 May 1972, in Paris) is a French-American chef.
Aubriot moved from France to the United States as a child. He began his career training under Michel Guérard at the Michelin Three-Star Les Pres d'Eugenie in Eugenie Les Bains, France, where he learned some of the fine points of French cuisine. Aubriot apprenticed under Chef Alain Ducasse at the Louis XV hotel in Monaco, another Michelin Three-Star restaurant.
After spending two years in France, Aubriot returned to the United States and settled in Chicago. He first worked as a pastry cook at Gypsy. Aubriot then accepted a position as sous-chef and then chef de cuisine under Jacky Pluton at the Mobil Four-Star Carlos in Highland Park, Illinois.
Aubriot opened his first restaurant with his wife at the time, Stephanie, in May 1998 (named after themselves) to commercial and critical acclaim. He went to Tournesol, a french cuisine bistro in Lincoln Square, as a consulting chef in 2002. In 2004 he moved to Hotel 71's Fuse. In mid-2007 he was on the middle-eastern Alhambra The year 2008 saw him in the Italian Il Fiasco in Andersonville.
In March 2011 he is in his Izakaya Lure in Chinatown.
As of 2013, he primarily resides in upstate New York where he continues his culinary career.
He has been nominated twice for the James Beard Rising Star award.
References
American male chefs
Chefs from Chicago
Living people
French emigrants to the United States
1972 births
Chefs of French cuisine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Aubriot |
Professor Henry Walton Jones Sr. is a fictional character in the Indiana Jones franchise. He is the Scottish father of Indiana Jones and is a professor of medieval studies at Princeton University. Alongside his academic teachings, Jones Sr. is an author of many books and a professional speaker on his historical subject at many conferences throughout the world. His relationship to his son in the franchise is noted as indifferent due to conflicts on their approaches to their situations, despite the fondness they share for history and archaeology. Much of his life was dedicated to research into the Holy Grail of Christian legend.
Sean Connery portrays Dr. Jones in his debut in the 1989 film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, while Lloyd Owen portrays him in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. Alongside appearances in live-action media, the character has featured in Indiana Jones novels and comic books.
Characterization
The father of renowned archaeologist Indiana Jones, Henry was born in Scotland on December 12, 1872. Having received his degree from the University of Oxford in 1893, he is a professor of medieval literature at Princeton University – according to his son, "the one the students hope they don't get".
A driven man, Henry is fascinated by the search for the Holy Grail, keeping all the clues he found regarding its whereabouts in his Grail diary. He is presumably a Christian (although his denomination is unclear), made evident by his intolerance of his son using Jesus' name in vain, slapping the younger Henry across the face when he does so and telling him, "That's for blasphemy!"
Seemingly finding parenting difficult, Henry Sr. mostly bonded with his son through their mutual fascination with history. After the death of his wife Anna from influenza in 1912, the gulf between father and son grew to the point where they rarely spoke. Henry claims this was a way of teaching his son "self-reliance", while Indiana felt that his father simply cared more about his intellectual pursuits than about his own son, saying: "What you taught me was that I was less important to you than some people who'd been dead for five hundred years in another country." When Henry explains that the search for the Grail is "a race against evil", Indy lashes out at him: "This is an obsession, Dad! I never understood it! Never!" To Indiana's constant exasperation, Henry refers to his son only as "Junior" until the end of The Last Crusade, when he finally relents and calls him "Indiana" when he convinces him to let the Grail go. (Indiana later calls his own son "Junior".)
Another factor which deteriorated Indiana and Henry's relationship was Indiana going off to enlist in the Belgian Army for World War I in 1916 without his father's consent, and the two went three years without seeing each other. Because of his father's aloofness, Indy embraced his father's friend Marcus Brody as a father figure and role model. His father's distant nature may have influenced Indiana's own reluctance to settle down and start a family.
For much of Indiana's life, Henry disapproves of his son's frequent resort to violence, considering it unworthy of a scholar. When Indy guns down a pair of Nazis, Henry exclaims "Look what you did! I can't believe what you did!" However, during their motorcycle escape, he is impressed when his son defeats their Nazi pursuers using a flagpole like a jousting lance. Rather than physical confrontation, Henry prefers more elegant expedients, such as when he flaps his umbrella at a flock of seagulls, sending them into the engines of a pursuing Nazi fighter plane. When Indy punches a Nazi during the final tank battle, Henry shouts, "You call this archaeology?!" But at last, Henry blows up a truck full of Nazis to Brody's horror, explaining "It's war!"
Henry suffers from a fear of rats, similar to his son's fear of snakes, and apparently also from acrophobia. He has a habit of saying "This is intolerable!" in particularly trying circumstances.
Appearances
In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, set in 1938, Walter Donovan finds a tablet that provides new clues to the Grail's location, he hires Henry to lead an expedition to locate the artifact. While on the expedition, he discovers that his colleague Elsa Schneider (Henry's and later Indy's paramour) is working for the Nazis. Henry mails his Grail diary, with its many vital clues, to his son for safekeeping. Shortly afterwards, while carrying out research in a library in Venice, he is captured by Nazi officials and interned in Brunwald Castle on the Austrian border.
He is rescued from the castle by his son, and they learn that Donovan is also working with the Nazis. Henry convinces Indiana that the Grail must not be taken by the Nazis and that they need to go to Berlin to reclaim his Grail diary to complete the quest. During the course of the adventure, Marcus is captured and when Indiana goes to battle the Nazis, Henry tries to rescue Marcus himself. During the course of the battle, Henry blows up a truck full of Nazis, saving Indiana's life. Working together, Marcus and Henry manage to escape the tank they're trapped in. When Indy nearly falls to his death off a cliff after fighting Nazis on a tank, Henry is horrified when he thinks his son has died, and is greatly relieved when Indy reveals himself to be alive and well. Henry is shot by Donovan in the film's climax, but Indiana finds the Grail in time and uses it to heal his wounds. Henry returns the favor by rescuing Indiana from a rift (created when Elsa crosses a seal with the Grail), imploring his son to let the Grail go, even calling him by his nickname "Indiana" for the first time and implying that he cares more about Indiana than the Grail. Henry also reveals the true meaning behind Indy's nickname, it was the name of his dog.
In The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, following the publication of a successful book on chivalry in 1909, Jones is invited to speak at a number of schools and universities around the world. He took his wife and son along with him, hiring his former tutor, Helen Seymour (portrayed by Margaret Tyzack) to tutor his son.
In Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Henry is hinted to have died prior to the events of the film. A framed photograph of him is seen on Indy's desk at one point in the film. Indy at one point mutters "This is intolerable" while escaping from the Soviets and, near the end of the movie, addresses Mutt as "Junior". In the James Rollins novelization of the movie, it is said that Henry Jones Sr. had died roughly two years before, making his year of death between 1955 and 1956. However, in the James Luceno DK book, Indiana Jones the Ultimate Guide, it lists his death as 1951.
In the video game, Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings, Henry is a playable character in a storyline specially created for co-op mode, which follows Henry Sr. and Henry Jr. as they travel to South America to prevent priceless artefacts from falling into the hands of the Germans.
Henry Sr. and Henry Jr. make very brief unplayable cameos in the video game Lego Star Wars III: The Clone Wars. Their appearance pays tribute to a scene from Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.
Henry Sr. appears as a playable character in the world-building video game Disney Magic Kingdoms.
Conception
Steven Spielberg chose to introduce Indiana's father in the third film, as he found the Holy Grail to be an unspectacular plot device. Spielberg felt that Sean Connery was the obvious choice to play the role because James Bond was an inspiration for Indiana. George Lucas and Harrison Ford were surprised by this choice because, as Ford explained in an interview, Connery (born in 1930), was only twelve years older than he was. Jones Sr., was first conceived as more bookish, but Connery enhanced the character to be more adventurous. In the scene where father and son were held captive by the Nazis, Indiana wanted to know how Jones Sr., knew Elsa Schneider was a Nazi. Connery "ad libbed" (ad libitum) the line, "She talks in her sleep," while filming. The first take could not be used because the crew could not contain their laughter or reactions as they found the remark to be extremely funny. Spielberg also included a reference to Bond when the bad guys were shooting at Jones Sr. with a Walther PPK, Bond's gun of choice.
To prepare for the role in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, Lloyd Owen prepared by watching numerous Connery films and studied his accent. Owen shared the character's love of medieval history, having studied Geoffrey Chaucer's The Knight's Tale. Owen considered the character "a good father. I think that's obvious by the way Indy has turned out. He even said in the film that he's not the kind of father that says, 'Eat your food, go to bed, brush your teeth!' He's not that kind of guy at all. He's a very liberal parent for the 1900s."
Connery turned down a cameo appearance in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), as he was enjoying retirement too much, and because "it was not that generous a part, worth getting back into the harness and go for". In a statement, he provided one last piece of advice for "Junior" – keep the cliffs low, the monsters CGI and the whip close at hand to fend off the stunt coordinator. George Lucas said in hindsight that it was good Connery did not appear, as it would disappoint the audience when his character did not join the film's adventure. Ford joked, "I'm old enough to play my own father."
Reception
Sean Connery received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for his performance.
Horizon released a vinyl model kit of Henry in 1993, which the buyer could assemble. The Japanese company Kotobukiya released a vinyl kit in 2008. That same year, Hasbro released a 3 ¾-inch action figure that comes with his suitcase, umbrella and the Holy Grail; a die-cast model of him and Indiana in the motorcycle; and a Mighty Mugg (caricature) toy. Lego also made a Henry figure for its playset based on the motorcycle chase and the airplane fight.
Time magazine included Jones Sr. on their "Top 10 Movie Dads We’d Use To Build the Perfect Father", citing how he comes back into Indiana's life to help him search for the legendary Holy Grail, and his "detachment" as the "parenting trait they admire".
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Henry Jones Sr. on IMDb
The Grail Diary at Internet Archive
Fictional archaeologists
Fictional historians
Fictional Scottish American people
Fictional immigrants to the United States
Fictional professors
Scottish male characters in film
Scottish male characters in television
Fictional University of Oxford people
Film characters introduced in 1989
Indiana Jones characters
Characters created by George Lucas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Jones%20Sr. |
Compasso d'Oro (; Golden Compass) is the name of an industrial design award originated in Italy in 1954. The award was first sponsored by the La Rinascente, a Milanese department store. It has been organised and managed by the Associazione per il Disegno Industriale (ADI) since 1958. It is the first, and among the most recognized and respected awards in its field. The Compasso d'Oro aims to acknowledge and promote quality in the field of industrial design in Italy and internationally.
History
The Compasso d′Oro was established in 1954, and now it is the highest honour in the field of industrial design in Italy, comparable to other prestigious international awards such as the Good Design award, iF Design Award, Red Dot Award, the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Awards, and the Good Design Award (Japan). It was the first award of its kind in Europe and soon took on an international dimension and relevance, multiplying the occasions on which the exhibitions of award-winning objects were held in Europe, the United States, Canada and Japan.
The original idea for the award is credited to Gio Ponti and . Many other leading architects and designers of the era including the Castiglioni brothers (Livio, Pier Giacomo, and Achille), (whose logo design was inspired by Adalbert Goeringer's golden section compass), Enzo Mari and Marco Zanuso were involved in its inception.
At present the management department of the Compasso d'Oro is Italy Industrial Designing Association, and it is also the members of the International Industrial Designing Committee and the European Designing Bureau.
Since its inception, approximately 350 designers have been honoured the Award, covering a wide range of products such as racing bikes, portable sewing machines, desks, sofas, vases, clothes hangers, drawers, clocks, desk lamps, telephones, electric fans and coffee machines.
The ADI Design Museum in Milan houses the historical collection of the ADI Compasso d’Oro Foundation, as well as temporary exhibitions, public talks and initiatives. On 22 April 2004, the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism – through its Superintendency for Lombardy – declared the collection of "exceptional artistic and historical interest", thus making it part of the national cultural heritage.
List of Compasso d'Oro Awards
Trivia
The award is given as a Compass, the one invented by Adalbert Goeringer in 1893 to measure the Golden Section.
See also
Industrial design
List of industrial designers
List of Compasso d'Oro recipients by year (in Italian)
References
External links
The official web page of the Associazione per il Disegno Industriale
Further reading
Science and technology in Italy
Italian design
Awards established in 1954
1954 establishments in Italy
Italian awards
Design awards
Industrial design awards
Compasso d'Oro Award recipients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compasso%20d%27Oro |
Alexander "Sandy" Messent Cairncross OBE (born 8 March 1948) is an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). He has an interest in environmental interventions for disease control, including both technical issues and policy.
Family
He is a member of the notable Cairncross family which originates in Lanarkshire. He was born to Mary Frances (née Glynn) and the economist, Sir Alexander Kirkland Cairncross. His sister is academic and journalist Frances Cairncross.
His uncle, John Cairncross was an intelligence officer, spy and double agent.
Academic career
Cairncross was educated at King's College School, Wimbledon, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he graduated with honours in mechanical sciences (engineering) in 1969. He subsequently received a PhD in soil mechanics from the University of Cambridge.
He is a public health engineer by profession and an epidemiologist by vocation. Most of his career has been spent in research and teaching, and about a third in developing countries implementing water, sanitation and public health programmes. His experience includes building water supplies in Lesotho, and seven years as a water and sanitation engineer for the Government of Mozambique, shortly after that country's independence.
Sandy is Research Director of the DFID-funded SHARE Research Consortium, whose aim is applied research on sanitation & hygiene, with partners WaterAid, Shack Dwellers International, the International Institute for Environment and Development, and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
He is also Deputy Director of the African SNOWS Consortium to build research capacity of six African universities in water, sanitation & environmental health.
Cairncross was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to environmental health overseas.
In January 2014, Cairncross was awarded the Edwin Chadwick Medal in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the advancement of public health.
Charity work
Until 2015, he served as chair of trustees to Teaching-aids at Low Cost (TALC), an international non government organization with charitable status based in Hertfordshire. He is also Chair of Africa AHEAD.
Writing and research
He has worked on or contributed to a number of books, including a textbook on environmental health engineering in the tropics.
References
External links
Profile at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine website
1948 births
Living people
British epidemiologists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Academics of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
People educated at King's College School, London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy%20Cairncross |
Eric Carmen is the fifth album by rock and roll musician Eric Carmen. It was also his second self-titled LP after the 1975 album of the same name.
The album spent ten weeks on the U.S. Billboard album charts and reached its peak position of #128 in early March 1985. It contained one Top 40 hit single, "I Wanna Hear It from Your Lips," which peaked at #35 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the same month. The song was also a medium adult contemporary hit in both the United States (#10) and Canada (#17). "Spotlight" was featured as the B side of the 45 RPM.
"I'm Through With Love" was a minor follow-up hit in the U.S., reaching #87 on Billboard.
In 2016, the album was reissued on Varese Vintage, and featured as bonus tracks the 7" Single remix and the 12" version of "I Wanna Hear It From Your Lips".
In 1985, country singer Louise Mandrell covered "Maybe My Baby." Her version reached #8 on the U.S. Country singles chart.
Track listing
All songs written and arranged by Eric Carmen except where indicated.
"I Wanna Hear It from Your Lips" (Carmen, Dean Pitchford) – 3:17
"I'm Through with Love" – 4:04
"American as Apple Pie" (Carmen, Dean Pitchford) – 3:46
"Living Without Your Love" (Michael Bolton, Doug James) – 4:07
"Come Back to My Love" (Bob Gaudio, Jerry Corbetta, John Bettis) – 3:38
"She Remembered" - 4:31
"You Took Me All the Way" – 3:36
"Maybe My Baby" – 3:39
"Spotlight" – 4:13
"The Way We Used to Be" – 3:16
Personnel
Eric Carmen – lead and backing vocals, acoustic piano, keyboards, synthesizers, harpsichord, guitars, drums, arrangements
Richard Reising – synthesizers, harpsichord, guitars, backing vocals
George Sipl – keyboards, synthesizers, organ, backing vocals
Dan Hrdlicka – guitars, backing vocals
Steve Knill – bass, backing vocals
Dwight Krueger – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Michael McBride – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Production
Bob Gaudio – producer (1, 2, 5-10)
Don Gehman – remixing (1, 2, 7), producer (3, 4), engineer
Jim Bell – engineer
Tony D'Amico – engineer
Dale Peters – engineer
Arnie Rosenberg – engineer
Michael Wagener – mixing (6)
Greg Fulginiti – mastering
Elaine Black – production coordinator
Roz Schrank – production coordinator
Tommy Steele – art direction, design
Victoria Pearson – photography
Mastered at Artisan Sound Recorders
2016 reissue
Bob Gaudio – producer
Cary E. Mansfeld – producer
Bill Pitzonka – producer, art direction
Larry R. Watts – producer, liner notes
Don Gehman – remixing (11)
John "Jellybean" Benitez – remixing (12)
Michael Hutchinson – mixing (12)
Melanie West – assistant engineer (12)
Chas Ferry – CD mastering
Jimmy Bralower – additional drum programming (12)
Bashiri Johnson – percussion (12)
Notes
Eric Carmen albums
1984 albums
Albums produced by Don Gehman
Geffen Records albums
Albums produced by Bob Gaudio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Carmen%20%281984%20album%29 |
The West Bank is a landlocked territory east of Israel and west of Jordan, forming the bulk of the State of Palestine.
West Bank or Westbank may also refer to:
Administrative areas
Judea and Samaria Area, the Israeli administrative district covering most of Area C of the West Bank
, the site of many ancient Egyptian monuments, temples and tombs
Iraq
West Bank of Mosul
Canada
West Kelowna, a district municipality in British Columbia, nicknamed Westbank
Westbank, British Columbia, a municipality in British Columbia, Canada
Westbank First Nation, a First Nations government in Canada
United States
Westbank, an area of the New Orleans metropolitan area; refers to the west side of the Mississippi River
Westbank Expressway, a portion of U.S. Route 90 Business in this area
West Bank, an area of the University of Minnesota
West Bank station, a light rail station serving the West Bank campus
Cedar-Riverside, referred to as West Bank, an area of Minneapolis
Europe
West Bank (Rhine), the western side of the river Rhine, a region claimed either by France or Germany in the modern era
West Bank, an area of Widnes, Cheshire, England
West Bank House, a boarding house in Uppingham School in Rutland, England
Other uses
West Bank, a clone of the arcade game Bank Panic
See also
Bank West (disambiguation)
Bank of the West, a defunct American financial institution (1874–2023)
Vereins- und Westbank, a Bavarian bank
Westbank hospital, India
Westbank Orphanage, a former orphanage in Ireland
Western bank (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Bank%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Dawson River is a river in Central Queensland, Australia.
Course and features
The Dawson River rises in the Carnarvon Range, draining through the Carnarvon National Park, northwest of the settlement of Upper Dawson. The flows generally south by east, crossed by the Carnarvon Highway and then flows generally east through the settlement of where the river is crossed by the Leichhardt Highway. The river then flows in a northerly direction through the settlement of where the river is again crossed by the Leichhardt Highway. The river flows north through the settlement of and towards , crossed by the Capricorn Highway. A little further north, the Dawson River forms confluence with the Mackenzie River to form the Fitzroy River. From source to mouth, the river is joined by sixty-four tributaries, including the Don River, and descends over its course. Several weirs have been constructed along the river to provide water for cotton and dairy farming in the region. The river catchment covers an area of .
Expedition National Park and the Precipice National Park are protected areas along the Dawson River.
The Dawson River was one of a number of Queensland rivers affected by the 2010–11 Queensland floods. As the river inundated the town of Theodore it was completely evacuated, a first in Queensland's history.
History
Gungabula (also known as Kongabula and Khungabula) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the headwaters of the Dawson River in Central Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of Maranoa Region, particularly the towns of Charleville, Augathella and Blackall and as well as the Carnarvon Range.
Ludwig Leichhardt explored the area in 1844 and named the river in honour of Robert Dawson, one of Leichhardt's financial backers.
In the 1920s, shortly after the First World War, Australian Labor Party politician Ted Theodore (1884-1950) launched an irrigation program on the Dawson River for returning soldiers. His intentions was to provide them with arable land along the river for them to take up farming, thus eschewing a post-war recession. After the 1922 Irrigation Act was passed, he started irrigation schemes on the Dawson River, for an initial 8,000 new farmers. However, the scheme was abandoned after he realized the soil was unsuitable for farming and the returning soldiers had no agrarian skills.
See also
Boggomoss
References
Rivers of Queensland
Floods in Queensland
Central Queensland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawson%20River%20%28Queensland%29 |
In mathematics, a locally integrable function (sometimes also called locally summable function) is a function which is integrable (so its integral is finite) on every compact subset of its domain of definition. The importance of such functions lies in the fact that their function space is similar to spaces, but its members are not required to satisfy any growth restriction on their behavior at the boundary of their domain (at infinity if the domain is unbounded): in other words, locally integrable functions can grow arbitrarily fast at the domain boundary, but are still manageable in a way similar to ordinary integrable functions.
Definition
Standard definition
. Let be an open set in the Euclidean space and be a Lebesgue measurable function. If on is such that
i.e. its Lebesgue integral is finite on all compact subsets of , then is called locally integrable. The set of all such functions is denoted by :
where denotes the restriction of to the set .
The classical definition of a locally integrable function involves only measure theoretic and topological concepts and can be carried over abstract to complex-valued functions on a topological measure space : however, since the most common application of such functions is to distribution theory on Euclidean spaces, all the definitions in this and the following sections deal explicitly only with this important case.
An alternative definition
. Let be an open set in the Euclidean space . Then a function such that
for each test function is called locally integrable, and the set of such functions is denoted by . Here denotes the set of all infinitely differentiable functions with compact support contained in .
This definition has its roots in the approach to measure and integration theory based on the concept of continuous linear functional on a topological vector space, developed by the Nicolas Bourbaki school: it is also the one adopted by and by . This "distribution theoretic" definition is equivalent to the standard one, as the following lemma proves:
. A given function is locally integrable according to if and only if it is locally integrable according to , i.e.
Proof of
If part: Let be a test function. It is bounded by its supremum norm , measurable, and has a compact support, let's call it . Hence
by .
Only if part: Let be a compact subset of the open set . We will first construct a test function which majorises the indicator function of .
The usual set distance between and the boundary is strictly greater than zero, i.e.
hence it is possible to choose a real number such that (if is the empty set, take ). Let and denote the closed -neighborhood and -neighborhood of , respectively. They are likewise compact and satisfy
Now use convolution to define the function by
where is a mollifier constructed by using the standard positive symmetric one. Obviously is non-negative in the sense that , infinitely differentiable, and its support is contained in , in particular it is a test function. Since for all , we have that .
Let be a locally integrable function according to . Then
Since this holds for every compact subset of , the function is locally integrable according to . □
Generalization: locally p-integrable functions
. Let be an open set in the Euclidean space and be a Lebesgue measurable function. If, for a given with , satisfies
i.e., it belongs to for all compact subsets of , then is called locally -integrable or also -locally integrable. The set of all such functions is denoted by :
An alternative definition, completely analogous to the one given for locally integrable functions, can also be given for locally -integrable functions: it can also be and proven equivalent to the one in this section. Despite their apparent higher generality, locally -integrable functions form a subset of locally integrable functions for every such that .
Notation
Apart from the different glyphs which may be used for the uppercase "L", there are few variants for the notation of the set of locally integrable functions
adopted by , and .
adopted by and .
adopted by and .
Properties
Lp,loc is a complete metric space for all p ≥ 1
. is a complete metrizable space: its topology can be generated by the following metric:
where is a family of non empty open sets such that
, meaning that is compactly included in i.e. it is a set having compact closure strictly included in the set of higher index.
.
, k ∈ is an indexed family of seminorms, defined as
In references , , and , this theorem is stated but not proved on a formal basis: a complete proof of a more general result, which includes it, is found in .
Lp is a subspace of L1,loc for all p ≥ 1
. Every function belonging to , , where is an open subset of , is locally integrable.
Proof. The case is trivial, therefore in the sequel of the proof it is assumed that . Consider the characteristic function of a compact subset of : then, for ,
where
is a positive number such that = for a given
is the Lebesgue measure of the compact set
Then for any belonging to , by Hölder's inequality, the product is integrable i.e. belongs to and
therefore
Note that since the following inequality is true
the theorem is true also for functions belonging only to the space of locally -integrable functions, therefore the theorem implies also the following result.
. Every function in , , is locally integrable, i. e. belongs to .
Note: If is an open subset of that is also bounded, then one has the standard inclusion which makes sense given the above inclusion . But the first of these statements is not true if is not bounded; then it is still true that for any , but not that . To see this, one typically considers the function , which is in but not in for any finite .
L1,loc is the space of densities of absolutely continuous measures
. A function is the density of an absolutely continuous measure if and only if .
The proof of this result is sketched by . Rephrasing its statement, this theorem asserts that every locally integrable function defines an absolutely continuous measure and conversely that every absolutely continuous measures defines a locally integrable function: this is also, in the abstract measure theory framework, the form of the important Radon–Nikodym theorem given by Stanisław Saks in his treatise.
Examples
The constant function defined on the real line is locally integrable but not globally integrable since the real line has infinite measure. More generally, constants, continuous functions and integrable functions are locally integrable.
The function for x ∈ (0, 1) is locally but not globally integrable on (0, 1). It is locally integrable since any compact set K ⊆ (0, 1) has positive distance from 0 and f is hence bounded on K. This example underpins the initial claim that locally integrable functions do not require the satisfaction of growth conditions near the boundary in bounded domains.
The function
is not locally integrable in : it is indeed locally integrable near this point since its integral over every compact set not including it is finite. Formally speaking, ( \ 0): however, this function can be extended to a distribution on the whole as a Cauchy principal value.
The preceding example raises a question: does every function which is locally integrable in ⊊ admit an extension to the whole as a distribution? The answer is negative, and a counterexample is provided by the following function:
does not define any distribution on .
The following example, similar to the preceding one, is a function belonging to ( \ 0) which serves as an elementary counterexample in the application of the theory of distributions to differential operators with irregular singular coefficients:
where and are complex constants, is a general solution of the following elementary non-Fuchsian differential equation of first order
Again it does not define any distribution on the whole , if or are not zero: the only distributional global solution of such equation is therefore the zero distribution, and this shows how, in this branch of the theory of differential equations, the methods of the theory of distributions cannot be expected to have the same success achieved in other branches of the same theory, notably in the theory of linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
Applications
Locally integrable functions play a prominent role in distribution theory and they occur in the definition of various classes of functions and function spaces, like functions of bounded variation. Moreover, they appear in the Radon–Nikodym theorem by characterizing the absolutely continuous part of every measure.
See also
Compact set
Distribution (mathematics)
Lebesgue's density theorem
Lebesgue differentiation theorem
Lebesgue integral
Lp space
Notes
References
. Measure and integration (as the English translation of the title reads) is a definitive monograph on integration and measure theory: the treatment of the limiting behavior of the integral of various kind of sequences of measure-related structures (measurable functions, measurable sets, measures and their combinations) is somewhat conclusive.
. Translated from the original 1958 Russian edition by Eugene Saletan, this is an important monograph on the theory of generalized functions, dealing both with distributions and analytic functionals.
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(available also as ).
(available also as ).
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. English translation by Laurence Chisholm Young, with two additional notes by Stefan Banach: the Mathematical Reviews number refers to the Dover Publications 1964 edition, which is basically a reprint.
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. A monograph on the theory of generalized functions written with an eye towards their applications to several complex variables and mathematical physics, as is customary for the Author.
External links
Measure theory
Integral calculus
Types of functions
Lp spaces | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20integrable%20function |
Jakob Lines was a ferry operator based in Jakobstad (Pietarsaari), Finland. The company was established in 1969 by the city of Jakobstad. It operated routes between Jakobstad and Kokkola (Karleby) in Finland, and Skellefteå, Umeå, and Örnsköldsvik in Sweden.
Jakob Lines' first ship M/S Nordek made its first voyage for the company on September 16, 1969, on the route between Jakobstad and Umeå. The company usually operated one or two ferries at a time and in total the company operated twelve different ferries, ten of which the company owned while two were chartered.
After the company was sold in 1991, the traffic was operated by the buyer Vasabåtarna. Shortly after Vasabåtarna acquired Jakob Lines, Vasabåtarna was merged with Silja Line. Silja Line gradually reduced the traffic from Jakobstad and Kokkola. Due to a part of the deal when Vasabåtarna bought Jakob Lines, Silja was obliged to maintain summer traffic from Jakobstad until tax-free sales were abolished on intra-EU travel in 1999.
Fleet
M/S Nordek (1969–1973)
S/S Bore II (1971–1972, chartered)
S/S Bore III (1972, Scrapped in 1982.)
S/S Bore Nord (1973–1976, Originally named SS Birger Jarl. Renamed MS Baltic Star in 2020 and is serving as a floating hostel.)
M/S Wasa Express (1974, marketing name: Nord Express)
M/S Achilleus (1976, chartered)
S/S Borea (1977–1983, serves as a Museum and hotel ship as of 2010.)
M/S Polar Express (1982–1984)
M/S Fennia (1983–1985, Broken up in 2010.)
M/S Fenno Express (1985–1989)
M/S Botnia Express (1989–1991, marketing name: Polar Princess. Beached for scrap in Alang, India in 2021.)
M/S Fenno Star (1990–1991).
External links
Simplon Postcards: Jakob Line Postcards
Jakob Lines on Fakta om Fartyg (Swedish)
Ferry companies of Finland
Defunct transport companies of Finland
Defunct shipping companies
Jakobstad
Transport companies established in 1969
Transport companies disestablished in 1991
1991 disestablishments in Finland
Finnish companies established in 1969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Lines |
The Playboy is a graphic novel by the Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown, serialized in 1990 in Brown's comic book Yummy Fur and collected in different revised book editions in 1992 and 2013. It deals with Brown's guilt and anxiety over his obsessive masturbation to Playboy Playmate models.
The story begins with Brown's first purchase of an issue of Playboy as a teenager. His obsessive masturbation gives him great guilt and anxiety, and out of fear of being caught he repeatedly rids himself of copies of the magazine, only to retrieve them later. His conflicting emotions follow him into adulthood until he purges them by revealing himself through his comics. The free, organic arrangement of odd-shaped panels of simple, expressive artwork contrasts with Brown's more detailed grid-like pages in his 1980s work, such as Ed the Happy Clown.
The Playboy forms part of Brown's early-1990s autobiographical period, and was the first book-length work he planned as a complete story. Brown conceived it as a longer work with what became his next graphic novel, I Never Liked You (1994), but found the larger story too complex to handle at once. The story has attracted praise for its revealing honesty, and criticism from those who saw it as glorifying pornography. The Playboy publisher Hugh Hefner wrote to Brown to express concern over Brown's sexual anxieties in a post-sexual revolution world.
Background
Chester Brown grew up in Châteauguay, a Montreal suburb with a large English-speaking minority; he does not speak French. He described himself as a "nerdy teenager" attracted to comic books from a young age. He sought a career drawing superhero comics, but was unsuccessful in finding work with Marvel or DC after graduating from high school. He moved to Toronto and discovered and the small-press community. He began to self-publish a minicomic in 1983 titled Yummy Fur.
Toronto-based Vortex Comics began publishing Yummy Fur in 1986. After making a name for himself in alternative comics with the surreal serial Ed the Happy Clown, Brown turned to autobiography after reading such work by Julie Doucet and Joe Matt. The work of his friend and fellow Toronto cartoonist Seth inspired Brown to pare down his drawing style during the early 1990s. He tentatively began his autobiographical period with a pair of short tales, and gradually became freer with his panel layouts and simpler in his artwork.
Content
The autobiographical story takes place in Chester "Chet" Brown's hometown of Châteauguay in 1975, when Brown was 15. It details his obsession with the Playmates in Playboy magazine. Brown's character obsessively masturbates in secret, terrified of being found out, but unable to resist the urge. Afterwards he feels guilty and sometimes rids himself of the magazines, only to retrieve them. As an adult, he sometimes repurchases copies of issues he had discarded.
The story takes place primarily during Brown's adolescence and finishes at the time of the book's creation. Brown uses a bat-winged figure with his own face to narrate the story and goad Chet in a way similar to the trope of the angel and devil on the shoulders. Chet never acknowledges the narrator, who appears to be visible only to the reader. The narrator talks about Brown in the third person in the adolescent parts of the story, but in the first person in Brown's adult years.
Synopsis
The story opens in church, where the winged narrator cajoles the adolescent Chet to buy a Playboy magazine he had seen for sale. Chet works up the courage to buy it at a convenience store a considerable distance from his house, in the hope that no one will see him there.
After bringing it home and masturbating to it, he disposes of the magazine by hiding it under a plank of wood in the woods near his house. His building obsession battles his guilt, and eventually he returns for it, a situation which repeats itself throughout the story. His obsession so overcomes him that, even when his mother dies while he is at camp, his first thought at returning home is to retrieve the Playboy he has hidden in the woods. As an adult, he hunts down back issues and memorizes dates and names of Playmate models, and disposes of them over the guilt he feels or his fear of being found out by a girlfriend. His obsession interferes with his relations with women: he relates that, while seeing one girlfriend, he could only maintain an erection for her by fantasizing about his favourite Playmates, and that he preferred masturbation to having sex with her.
The Playboy finishes with Brown drawing the story in progress. Though he knows his friends shortly will read it, he still feels uncomfortable discussing it with them.
Style and analysis
By the end of the 1980s Brown had grown dissatisfied with his drawing style. He began simplifying it after bringing Ed the Happy Clown to an end, as he had been reading work by cartoonists with simpler styles such as John Stanley and Brown's friend Seth. He abandoned the grid layout that he had used and arranged panels on the page in a varied, organic manner. He made the drawings first and only afterwards laid down panel borders, which conform to the shapes of the pictures they enclose and are in a wobbly free-hand—much like those of the Hernandez brothers or Robert Crumb. Brown distorted his images to convey emotion, but not in traditional cartoonish ways. For example, when the adolescent Brown encounters friends of his parents, he does not physically shrink with embarrassment, but does so through distortion of perspective.
Chet is introverted and self-isolating, preferring pornography to communicating with others, such as his brother. Chet takes centre stage in the narrative, and supporting characters make but brief appearances.
Brown depicts Chet's obsessive masturbation, and his uncommon masturbation style has drawn notice: he faces down and rubs his penis between the palms of both hands, a style MarcyR. Isabella likens to a pair of praying hands. The style has come to be called "the Chester" after a cartoon of it by Peter Bagge. He feels terrified of being caught masturbating and his regret afterwards drives him continually to rid himself of the magazines, such as by hiding them in the woods near his house, but always returns for them. Brown's mother dies while he is at camp, which is mentioned only briefly, as when he returns from camp he immediately heads to the woods to dig up the Playboy he had buried there. Comics critic Darcy Sullivan sees Brown in this scene having "shunted aside his painful feelings for her, and for other women, in favor of this tatty fetish". Chet feels surprised at and repelled by a centrefold of a black Playmate he comes across, bringing about the realization of racist feelings he has.
When finishing The Playboy, Brown felt guilt over still looking at Playmates and credits having come out in print with helping him overcome his shame. While many have interpreted the book as a condemnation of pornography, to Brown it is about the guilt he was made to feel for using the media. Some interpretations, such as those of Sullivan and Darrel Epp, see The Playboy demonstrating how the idealized images in pornography distort societal norms and expectations of beauty; one example cited is a scene in which Brown says he could only maintain an erection with one girlfriend if he fantasized about his favourite Playmates. Brown has objected to this interpretation—rather, he sees it as a flaw in the work, in that it does not provide enough context for what he intended to communicate: that he had gotten into a relationship with a woman whom he did not find sexually attractive, and that if Playboy did not exist he would have fantasized about other images of women.
Critic Darcy Sullivan saw the book as presenting how Brown's Playboy obsession affects his ability to relate to women. Sullivan called The Playboy stories "[t]he most honest sex in comics" of the early 1990s, "and the most damning exposé of pornography" as it deals "with nothing more than Brown's relationship with Playboy". He praises how quickly Brown matured as a storyteller over the course of The Playboy, and for the believability of scenes which may or may not have happened as Brown depicted them. While seeming to acknowledge feminist concerns, Brown depicts himself as "a victim of his urges", and that "Playboy has kept him mentally separate". Sullivan asserts the book shows that pornography does not merely satisfy a need, but fosters an addiction. Brown's comics raise questions, rather than trying to answer them, an approach Sullivan compared favourably to that of Joe Matt's less subtle body of work, which also details a pornography obsession: he wrote that Matt's comics analyze and rationalize his obsession, while Brown's reveal.
Publication
Brown had run into problems doing autobiographical stories of his contemporary life, as his story interconnected with the stories of those around him—the friends he portrayed did not always agree with the way he pictured them. He portrays his friend Kris's negative reaction in "Showing Helder" to his depiction of her in "Helder". Brown turned to tales of his teenage years, as he had lost contact with most of those he knew from that time. Brown stated that he intended a longer story encompassing what ended up in The Playboy and the following graphic novel, I Never Liked You (1994), but when planning it he found it was too complex. He said he had a clear idea of the stories from his life that he would use, and the general shape of the narrative, but he had a "sense of improvising" as he did not script it out beforehand.
The serialization appeared under the title Disgust in issues 21–23 of Yummy Fur, at the time published by Vortex Comics. With the twenty-fifth issue of Yummy Fur in 1991, Brown switched publishers to the Montreal-based Drawn & Quarterly, who published a collected and revised edition of The Playboy in 1992; this was the first graphic novel from the publisher. Brown rescripted, relettered, and reformatted the book for an annotated edition in 2013, also from Drawn & Quarterly.
Reception and legacy
The story gained praise from fans, critics, and other cartoonists, and earned a Harvey Award nomination in 1991 for Best Single Issue or Story. The Playboy, I Never Liked You, and several shorter pieces placed No.38 on The Comics Journals list of the best 100 English-language comics of the 20th century as "The autobiographical comics from Yummy Fur". Cartoonist Gilbert Hernandez asserted, "The Playboy and I Never Liked You are probably the best graphic novels next to Maus". Critic Frank Young called it a "pivotal work" in the autobiographical comics trend of the early 1990s. Critic Darcy Sullivan considered it required reading for those who are serious about comics and a "landmark look at an artist's growth", referring to the pace with which Brown's work matured over the course of the three issues of its serialization.
Brown stated that several women took offense at the book, saying it glorified pornography. Hugh Hefner sent Brown a letter after The Playboys publication, showing concern that someone who grew up during the sexual revolution could still suffer such confusion and anxiety. Darcy Sullivan compared the pornography-obsessed autobiographical work of Joe Matt in Peepshow unfavourably to The Playboy in an issue of The Comics Journal, to which Brown responded with a defence of Matt's work in a later issue.
Brown's attitudes towards pornography have since changed greatly. When he made The Playboy he was struggling with his embarrassment over buying pornography; two decades later he vocally advocated for the decriminalization of prostitution in Paying for It (2011).
See also
Autobiographical comics
Confessional writing
References
Works cited
External links
PDF preview at Drawn & Quarterly's website
1992 graphic novels
Fiction set in 1975
Comics set in the 1970s
Autobiographical comics
Autobiographical graphic novels
Canadian graphic novels
Drawn & Quarterly titles
Books by Chester Brown
Comics by Chester Brown
Playboy
Comics set in Canada
Comics set in Quebec
Non-fiction books about pornography
Novels about pornography | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Playboy |
The Aleut Restitution Act of 1988 (also known as the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands Restitution Act) was a reparation settlement passed by the United States Congress in 1988, in response to the internment of Aleut people living in the Aleutian Islands during World War II.
Before the Japanese invasion of Attu and Kiska in 1942, the United States forcibly relocated some 800 Aleuts to camps in Southeast Alaska, where it is estimated that more than 1 in 10 evacuees perished.
Proposal of the Aleutian and Pribilof Restitution Act (1987)
The bill was introduced on January 6, 1987, by Representative Thomas S. Foley (D-WA), along with 166 co-sponsors. It declared the following:
The Aleut civilian residents of certain islands who were relocated during World War II remained relocated long after any potential danger had passed.
The United States failed to provide reasonable care for the Aleuts, resulting in illness, disease, and death, and failed to protect Aleut personal and community property.
The United States has not compensated the Aleuts adequately.
There is no remedy for injustices suffered by the Aleuts except an Act of Congress.
Under the new bill, a trust fund was established to be used "for the benefit of the following people and purposes":
The elderly, disabled, or seriously ill
Students in need of scholarship assistance
Preservation of Aleut cultural heritage and historical records
The improvement of community centers in affected Aleut villages, and
Other purposes to improve Aleut life.
For each eligible Aleut, $12,000 was paid to compensate for any personal property losses sustained during the war.
Amendment to the Aleutian and Pribilof Restitution Act (1993)
On September 14, 1993, an amendment was proposed to the original 1988 Restitution Act, increasing authorization for payments from $1,400,000 to $4,700,000, in order to include church property damaged or lost during the war. The bill was passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate, and the Act was amended on October 5, 1994.
See also
Aleut
Aleutian Islands
Outline of United States federal Indian law and policy
References
100th United States Congress
103rd United States Congress
1988 in Alaska
1994 in Alaska
Alaska Natives and United States law
Aleut
Native American history of Alaska
Reparations
United States federal Native American legislation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut%20Restitution%20Act%20of%201988 |
The Music Branch is a personnel branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It is primarily composed of band musicians, and also deals with the selection and musical training of its recruits. The branch encompasses all the military bands in service in the Canadian Armed Forces. It is roughly the equivalent to the British Army's Royal Corps of Army Music (CAMUS).
The musicians play in brass/reed and pipes & drums bands. Canadian military bands consist of:
6 full-time regular force bands
53 part-time reserve force bands
15 voluntary bands
The members of these bands come from all over the CF, coming from units in the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, and Royal Canadian Navy. The branch controls all RCN and RCAF bands through the Naval Operations Branch and the Air Operations Branch respectively. The music branch as a whole is responsible for fostering morale in the CF and providing musical support for all aspects of military life and for official military ceremonies, including guards of honour for dignitaries.
Directorate of History and Heritage
The Directorate of History and Heritage is a sub-department of the Department of National Defence that is responsible to the Chief of Military Personnel (CMP) for providing personnel and technical advice regarding the Music Branch. It was founded on 1 September 1996 by merging the Canadian Forces Music Centre and the Directorate of Military Traditions and Heritage. On 1 April of the following year, the Music Centre was made part of the Directorate. The directorate has 7 sections, with the musical section making up DHH 7.
Its specific roles include:
Developing and managing Music Branch policy
Evaluating musician qualification level
Provide advice and guidance on human resources including recommending the relocation of personnel and the recruitment for the Music Branch
Recommending the authorization of official music, marches and calls
The DHH Music Staff is the official leadership of the DHH and the Music Branch that formulates Music Branch policy and carries out its roles. The order of precedence is as follows:
Supervisor of Music
Music Branch Chief Warrant Officer
Music Branch Chief of Staff
CF Music Branch Standards Advisor
Pipes and Drums Advisor and Standards Master Warrant Officer
Brass and Reed Standards Master Warrant Officer
Music Branch Auditions Coordinator
Military Tattoos
The Music Branch handles all CF Military Tattoos around the country, including the Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo, the Fortissimo Sunset Ceremony and the Canadian International Military Tattoo. The first tattoo to be managed by the branch was the Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo in 1967, which was the world's largest travelling show.
Traditions
March
The Music Branch has no authorized marches as it is responsible for providing music to the Canadian Forces.
Music Division
The Canadian Forces Logistics Training Centre Music Division is the training institution of the Music Branch that offers a curriculum of instruction to potential musicians in the CF. Part of the Royal Canadian Logistics Service, it is the de facto successor to the Canadian Forces School of Music. It is located in Building E-51 at CFB Borden. It consists of a concert hall, 47 practice studios, 10 teaching studios, a library, and four classrooms.
Supervisors of Music
Clifford Hunt (1964-1968)
Charles Villeneuve (1980-1984)
Commander George Morrison (1984-1990)
Lieutenant Colonel Gaétan Bouchard
Lieutenant Colonel W. Scott Attridge
Lieutenant Colonel Charles Gaudreau (2019–?)
Commander Patrice Arsenault (?–Present)
See also
Canadian military bands
Personnel branch
Authorized marches of the Canadian Armed Forces
Navy bands in Canada
List of Royal Canadian Air Force Bands
Order of precedence
External links
Canadian Forces music
Canadian Forces recruitment for musicians
Join the Forces Music Branch
Canadian Armed Forces
The Department of National Defence
References
Canadian Armed Forces
Military history of Canada
Canadian Armed Forces personnel branches
Military bands of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20Branch%20%28Canadian%20Forces%29 |
The Carrier Sekani Tribal Council (familiarly known as CSTC) is a tribal council representing six First Nations in the Central Interior of British Columbia. It was originally known as the Lakes District Tribal Council. The CSTC was incorporated in 1981 and is a registered non-profit society.
Member governments
Its current members are:
Nadleh Whut'en First Nation
Saik'uz First Nation
Stellat'en First Nation
Takla Lake First Nation
Ts'il Kaz Koh First Nation (formerly known as Burns Lake Indian Band)
Wet'suwet'en First Nation (formerly known as Broman Lake Band or Broman Lake Indian Band)
Not all Carrier or Sekani bands belong to CSTC. Three Blackwater Carrier bands, Ulkatcho Indian Band, Lhoosk'us Dene, and Red Bluff Indian Band, belong to Carrier-Chilcotin Tribal Council. Other bands, such as the Cheslatta Carrier Nation and the Lheidli T'enneh in the Prince George area, are independent.
Chief and councillors
CSTC is governed by a General Manager, appointed by the Board of Directors (Chiefs of member Nations). Social services are provided by Carrier Sekani Family Services, a now separate organization spun off by CSTC. The Yinka Dene Language Institute, charged with linguistic and cultural matters, is indirectly controlled by CSTC, which appoints the majority of its board of directors. Government to government negoations/relations are provided by the Carrier Sekani First Nations Society which consists of seven member Nations (Nadleh Whut'en, Nak'azdli, Saik'uz First Nation, Stellat'en First Nation, Takla Nation, Tl'azt'en Nation and Ts'il Kaz Koh.
Treaty process
In January 1994, the CSTC entered the treaty process. By April 1997, they had reached Stage 4 of the six-stage process - negotiation of an agreement in principle. The CSTC borrowed $14 million (CAN) from the government to resolve grievances regarding unceded territories. By 2007, negotiations reached a deadlock. In her report to Parliament in December 2006, Auditor General Sheila Fraser, noted that the financial burden placed on First Nations when negotiations are drawn out, are among the factors that have led some First Nations to use litigation or other options for settling land claims. DINA's process was complex, inflexible and slow. In March 2007 during a Treaty Forum hosted by the CSTC that provided an opportunity for the Membership to listen to the Governments and the British Columbia Treaty Commission officials, the CSTC made the historic decision to vote to abandon treaty negotiations because the British Columbia Treaty Process had failed to produce expected results in Carrier territory.
Mandate
The CSTC focuses on issues related to Carrier & Sekani heritage and identity, self-government, land claims, standard of living, social and economic independence and public relations on behalf of member nations.
History
CSTC has at times included other bands. Lake Babine Nation band left CSTC in 1991. Lheidli T'enneh left in 1992. Burns Lake Band withdrew in 1993 but subsequently returned.
In 2006 the CSTC commissioned and oversaw the Aboriginal Interest and Use Study (AIUS) to investigate impacts of the Enbridge oil pipeline proposal.
In October 2010 the Supreme Court ruled against the tribal council in CSTC vs. Rio Tinto Alcan. The court ruled that nobody was obligated to come to First Nations to consult on the issue of the Electricity Purchase Agreement (EPA) structured between BC Hydro and Alcan. However, the high court noted that, "The Kenny Dam was built without consultation and at the time, CSTC or its member nations were not permitted to hire a lawyer under the Indian Act. That said, the project itself was built without consultation and the Supreme Court now says First Nations can receive compensation on the lack of consultation."
The CSTC had claimed that, "[i]n the 1950s, the government of British Columbia authorized the building of a dam and reservoir which altered the amount and timing of water flows in the Nechako River. The First Nations claim the Nechako Valley as their ancestral homeland, and the right to fish in the Nechako River, but, pursuant to the practice at the time, they were not consulted about the dam project."
Demographics
The estimated total number of CSTC members was 25,682 in 2004 according to DINA.
Social, educational and cultural programs and facilities
In addition to representing its members in treaty negotiations with British Columbia and Canada and in various other dealings, CSTC provides technical and professional services to its members in such areas as fisheries, education, economic development, community and infrastructure planning, forestry, and financial management. Carrier Sekani Family Services provides health, child welfare and other services to member nations.
See also
Dakelh
Carrier language
Carrier-Chilcotin Tribal Council
Lheidli T'enneh
List of tribal councils in British Columbia
Citations
References
External links
Carrier Sekani Family Services
Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
Yinka Dene Language Institute
BC Treaty Commission - Carrier Sekani Tribal Council
First Nations tribal councils in British Columbia
Dakelh governments
Central Interior of British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier%20Sekani%20Tribal%20Council |
I Never Liked You is a graphic novel by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. The story first ran between 1991 and 1993 under the title Fuck, in issues of Brown's comic book Yummy Fur; published in book form by Drawn & Quarterly in 1994. It deals with the teenage Brown's introversion and difficulty talking to others, especially members of the opposite sex—including his mother. The story has minimal dialogue and is sparsely narrated. The artwork is amongst the simplest in Brown's body of work—some pages consist only of a single small panel.
Brown established his reputation in the early alternative comics scene of the 1980s with the surreal, taboo-breaking Ed the Happy Clown. He brought that story to an abrupt end in 1989 when, excited by the autobiographical comics of Joe Matt and Julie Doucet, he turned towards personal stories. The uncomplicated artwork of his friend and fellow Toronto cartoonist Seth inspired him to simplify his own. Brown intended I Never Liked You as part of a longer work with what became his previous book, The Playboy (1992), but found the larger story too complex to handle at once. I Never Liked You was the last work of Brown's early autobiographical period.
I Never Liked You was well received, and its influence can be found in the work of cartoonists such as Jeffrey Brown, Ariel Schrag and Anders Nilsen. The book appeared amid the early 1990s trend in autobiographical alternative comics, and Brown was one of a prominent trio of Toronto-based autobiographical cartoonists, with Seth and Joe Matt. Brown originally set the panels against black page backgrounds, which he replaced with white for an annotated "New Definitive Edition" in 2002.
Background
Brown grew up in Châteauguay, a Montreal suburb with a large English-speaking minority; he does not speak French. He described himself as a "nerdy teenager" attracted to comic books from a young age, and sought a career in superhero comics, but was unsuccessful in finding work with Marvel or DC after graduating from high school. He moved to Toronto and discovered and the small-press community. From 1983 he self-published a minicomic titled Yummy Fur.
From 1986 Toronto-based Vortex Comics began publishing Yummy Fur. After making a name for himself in alternative comics with the surreal serial Ed the Happy Clown, Brown turned to autobiography under the influence of the work of Julie Doucet and Joe Matt. During his autobiographical period, Brown gradually simplified his style, inspired by the example of his friend and fellow Toronto cartoonist Seth. He began tentatively with a pair of short tales, and gradually became freer with his panel layouts and simpler in his artwork.
Brown had switched publishers to the Montreal-based Drawn & Quarterly by the time he completed his first autobiographical graphic novel, The Playboy, in 1992. At first, he intended The Playboy and I Never Liked You to form one story, but found it too complex to handle when he started to plan it out. The Playboy deals with Brown's guilt over his teenage obsession with masturbating over pornography. The book gained praise from fans, critics, and other cartoonists, and won a Harvey Award. It received criticism from those who saw it as objectifying women and glorifying pornography; Playboy publisher Hugh Hefner wrote to Brown voicing concern that Brown would feel such guilt in a post-sexual revolution world.
Synopsis
The story is set during Brown's 1970s adolescence in Châteauguay, a suburb of Montreal. Chester—"Chet" for short—is a thin, long-haired teenager who is awkward, introverted, and better able to express himself through drawing than speaking. He constantly and inexplicably turns away girls, even though he is interested in them and they in him. Except in his imagination, Chet has difficulty expressing affection even for his mother. She talks to Chet and his younger brother Gord about issues that embarrass them, and the religious teaching she has instilled in them has rendered Chet unable to bring himself to swear, for which he is teased and goaded at school.
Chet plays games such as hide-and-seek with the neighbourhood children. One girl, Carrie, has a crush on Chet and invites him to her house each day to wash the dishes. He and Carrie's older sister Connie, a bossy blonde a year his senior, often hide during hide-and-seek games in tall grass where they spend the time talking with each other, though they have little in common. Connie asks him to the movies, but he sits away from her when he spots boys from his school; he fears he will be teased for being on a date. When the film ends, they walk home in silence.
Chet is interested in Sky, a large-breasted dark-haired girl two years younger who lives next door, about whom he has masturbatory fantasies. He confesses his love but immediately regrets it, unable to express his feelings. She connects with Chet and tries to develop a relationship, but he is unable to deal with his emotions and avoids spending time with her. He draws her a picture of a skeleton symbolizing himself reaching for a bird signifying Sky herself. When Carrie deciphers it correctly he denies that he uses symbolism in his drawings, and the confrontation escalates to minor violence when Carrie proclaims to him, "I never liked you!"
Chet and his brother rarely visit their mother after she checks into hospital, and when they do Chet cannot bring himself to tell her he loves her. She falls down a flight of stairs there when confusedly wandering around and dies after being bedridden and incoherent for a short time. Chet makes excuse after excuse to turn Sky away when she tries to spend time with him. The story ends with Chet refusing to accompany Sky to the fair because he says he would rather listen to his new Kiss album.
Publication
I Never Liked You was originally serialized under the title Fuck, in issues #26–30 of Yummy Fur, between October 1991 and April 1993. Unlike his earlier works, according to Brown there was "very little improvisation in I Never Liked You. It was quite planned out, even if I didn't write a full script."
Drawn & Quarterly issued a collected edition in 1994, changing the title from Fuck to I Never Liked You. Brown rearranged the page layouts, removing panels, most significantly those in the prologue where Chet explains his motivations.
A "New Definitive Edition" appeared in 2002, with two added pages of contextual endnotes, something he had been increasingly doing from 1995 with his cartoon essay "My Mom Was a Schizophrenic". In the 1994 collection the backgrounds were black; he changed them to white and rearranged the panels for the "New Definitive Edition". He explained: "I like austerity. The white background looks more austere to me." The edition included a short appendix for readers "wondering when and where things happened".
Brown announced in Louis Riel 7 a recall of the first 600 copies of the edition, citing that the paper it was printed on was too transparent. The recalled copies also had a panel captioned "I decide to say nothing"; the caption did not appear in copies that were not recalled.
Style and analysis
Academic Charles Hatfield finds "an abiding interest in the ways people are shaped by their environment" in Brown's autobiographical work, and believes the stories demonstrate "the urgency of Justin Green and the mundane particularity of Harvey Pekar", two influential creators known for their revealing autobiographical comics. Brown is unsparing in his depictions of social awkwardness of his teenage years. Despite the 1970s adolescent backdrop, sex and drugs are absent; his life is shaped by his strictly religious parents and introversion.
Brown's mother (1923–76) had schizophrenia. This is not made explicit, but hinted at in scenes where she approaches awkward subjects with Chet and his brother Gord; the boys' unsupportive responses feed the discomfort. Brown addresses his mother's mental health in his 1995 cartoon essay "My Mom Was a Schizophrenic", in which he takes an anti-psychiatric stance.
Chet's face is near expressionless throughout. The characters are distanced from the reader, inviting neither empathy nor identification. To cartoonist and critic Pepo Pérez, this is a challenge to readers to understand the characters. In the appendix to the "New Definitive Edition", Brown declares the dialogue is filtered through his memory and likely did not occur as recorded, and that locations and other details are also subject to lapses of memory. To academic Elisabeth El Refaie this transparency on Brown's part is "a deeper and more sincere form of authenticity". Reviewer C. Max Magee found the tone of awkwardness and emotional emptiness comparable to works by contemporaries such as Daniel Clowes and Chris Ware.
The story unfolds in vignettes, with little setup or context given to any scene. To Hatfield, they "[pop] out of nowhere as a dreamlike series of pulses ... The effect is sometimes eerie ... despite the grounding of the story in mundane everyday stuff." Unlike in his previous graphic novel, The Playboy, Brown makes limited use of a narrator in I Never Liked You. The story is told almost entirely through its pictures and sparse dialogue. The page layouts are also sparse, sometimes limited to a single, small panel on a page, sometimes up to seven or eight. The layout and repetition of panels affects pacing, slowing or quickening scene.
Brown abandoned the grid layout he had used in earlier works for more varied, organic layouts. Backgrounds establish the mood of a scene, harmonizing or contrasting with the action—as when Chet and Connie return from the movies amongst a romantic snow-covered, starry landscape, against an awkward silence accentuated by panel that grow, making the figures appear ever more insignificant.
The cartooning is far looser than in Brown's earlier work, and concerned more with gesture and expression than literal detail. They are rendered with a brush, and amongst the simplest and sparsest in his body of work. There is nonetheless a significant amount of hatching, and the backgrounds are naturalistic, in contrast to the thin, distorted figures. Brown had been paring his artwork since the Playboy stories, as he was not happy with his style and sought "to rebuild style in a way that would like". He continued this with I Never Liked You, where he has said he was "trying to get even more pared down than The Playboy". Certain inanimate objects receive a focus imbuing them with special significance, such as Chet's habitual after-school package of soda crackers or the Brown family home—a house that, to reviewer Darcy Sullivan, "is as much a character as in The Playboy".
Brown drew the pictures before laying down the panel borders, which conform to the shapes of the pictures they enclosed and are drawn in a wobbly free-hand much like in the artwork of the Los Bros Hernandez or Robert Crumb. He drew each panel individually, assembling them into pages afterwards. In the original serialization and first collected edition, they were placed on black backgrounds. He changed to white backgrounds for the 2002 edition.
Reception and legacy
Brown's autobiographical work developed from a scene that had been developing since the 1970s and which had reached a peak in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Brown's open and self-deprecating example left an impact on cartoonists such as Jeffrey Brown and Ariel Schrag, and his sparse layouts on the likes of Anders Nilsen. Upon the serial's conclusion, reviewer Darcy Sullivan called it "a major step forward for the artist, a leading light in adult comics". American cartoonist Gilbert Hernandez hailed The Playboy and I Never Liked You as "probably the best graphic novels next to Maus"; British cartoonist Eddie Campbell called them "the most sensitive comics ever made"; and American comics writer Heidi MacDonald called I Never Liked You "a masterpiece" that is "the equal of any 'coming of age' movie".
Charles Hatfield praised Brown's honesty, keen observation, and narrative strength, and called the "hide with me" page as one of his favourites. Critic described the work as "an example of sobriety and restraint, and one of the harshest, most hopeless teenage portraits ... in any medium". Scripter and critic wrote the book demonstrates Brown a master of his medium. Norwegian cartoonist Jason calls I Never Liked You a favourite autobiographical work.
Alongside Seth's It's a Good Life, If You Don't Weaken and Joe Matt's The Poor Bastard—works by Brown's Toronto-based friends and Drawn & Quarterly stablemates—I Never Liked You is seen as a prominent example of the 1990s autobiographical comics trend. As one of "The Autobiographical Stories from Yummy Fur", it ranked 38th on The Comics Journals list of the top 100 English-language comics of the 20th century. In 2001 Stephen Weiner included I Never Liked You in his book The 101 Best Graphic Novels, recommending it to those who enjoy J. D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye.
I Never Liked You was the last work from his autobiographical period that started in 1990 with Helder in Yummy Fur #19. Yummy Fur continued for two more issues before Drawn & Quarterly publisher Chris Oliveros convinced Brown to publish his next serial, Underwater, under its own title in 1994. In 2011 Brown returned to autobiography and his relations with women with the graphic novel Paying for It, a polemic arguing for the decriminalization of prostitution.
References
Works cited
Books
Journals and magazines
Web
External links
1994 graphic novels
Autobiographical graphic novels
Books about mental health
Canadian graphic novels
Comics set in Quebec
Drawn & Quarterly titles
Books by Chester Brown
Comics by Chester Brown
Books about introversion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Never%20Liked%20You |
Lamberton was the name of a port community on the Delaware River in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It was annexed by the city of Trenton as part of South Trenton in 1856. It is now known simply as Waterfront.
Lamberton is often incorrectly attributed as the birthplace of Zebulon Pike, for whom Pikes Peak (in Colorado) was named, though the explorer was born in another Lamberton, now known as Lamington, in Bedminster Township in Somerset County.
References
Trenton, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Mercer County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamberton%2C%20New%20Jersey |
I Was Born to Love You is an album released by Eric Carmen in 2000. It was originally released in Japan as Winter Dreams in 1997. Then-former and now-reunited Raspberries bandmate Wally Bryson sat in on guitar for two of the songs: "Every Time I Make Love to You" and "I Could Really Love You". It stands as his most recent album to date.
The track "Someone That You Loved Before" was covered by Diana Ross on her 1999 LP Every Day Is a New Day.
Track listing
"I Was Born to Love You" (Eric Carmen, Andy Goldmark)
"Someone That You Loved Before" (Eric Carmen, Diane Warren)
"Every Time I Make Love to You" (Eric Carmen, Andy Goldmark, Steve Kipner)
"Cartoon World" (Eric Carmen, John Wesley Harding)
"Almost Paradise" (Eric Carmen, Dean Pitchford)
"Top Down Summer" (Eric Carmen, Dean Pitchford)
"Isn't It Romantic" (Eric Carmen, Andy Goldmark)
"I Could Really Love You" (Eric Carmen, Dean Pitchford)
"Caroline, No" (Japan release only) (Brian Wilson, Tony Asher)
"I Wanna Take Forever Tonight" (Eric Carmen, Dean Pitchford)
"Walk Away Renée" (Michael Brown, Bob Calilli, Tony Sansone)
Eric Carmen albums
2000 compilation albums
Rhino Records compilation albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Was%20Born%20to%20Love%20You%20%28album%29 |
JRun is a J2EE application server, originally developed in 1997 as a Java Servlet engine by Live Software and subsequently purchased by Allaire, who brought out the first J2EE compliant version. It was acquired by Macromedia prior to its 2001 takeover of Allaire, and subsequently by Adobe Systems when it bought Macromedia in 2005. Its latest patch Updater 7 was released by Adobe in 2007. Updater 7 added Sun JDK 1.6 support, Apache 2.2 support, Windows Vista/IIS7 support and Mac OS X 10.4 on Intel support.
Adobe announced in August 2007 that it would discontinue new feature development for JRun. The ColdFusion team will continue to make changes to its underlying Java engine as required for ColdFusion 9 but have replaced JRun in favor of Apache Tomcat in ColdFusion 10.
External links
Adobe JRun 4
Adobe announce end of new feature development
JRun definition (Whatis.com)
JRun
Web server software
jRun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe%20JRun |
John Braddock Clontz (born April 25, 1971) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher who played for the Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Mets, and Pittsburgh Pirates between and .
Amateur career
Clontz was born in Stuart, Virginia. He played college baseball at Virginia Tech and his contributions there earned him a spot in the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame. In 1991, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League, and received the league's Outstanding Relief Pitcher award.
Professional career
Clontz made his major league debut on April 26, 1995. During his career, he pitched for the Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Mets, and Pittsburgh Pirates.
Clontz was a member of the 1995 Atlanta Braves World Series Championship team. He was known for his distinctive sidearm/submarine windup and delivery. He last played for the Triple-A affiliate of the Florida Marlins, the Albuquerque Isotopes, in 2006.
Personal
. Every year he visits his former high school, Patrick County High School, in Stuart, Virginia, to donate cleats, baseballs, and jerseys for their baseball team.
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
People from Stuart, Virginia
Atlanta Braves players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
New York Mets players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Atlanta
Baseball players from Virginia
Virginia Tech Hokies baseball players
Wareham Gatemen players
Macon Braves players
Durham Bulls players
Greenville Braves players
Richmond Braves players
Norfolk Tides players
Albuquerque Dukes players
Nashville Sounds players
Altoona Curve players
Myrtle Beach Pelicans players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Oklahoma RedHawks players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Somerset Patriots players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%20Clontz |
Peter Aloysius Müller (born 25 September 1955 in Illingen, Saar Protectorate) is a German politician belonging to the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). From 1999 to 2011, he has held the position of Premier (Ministerpräsident) of the state of Saarland, serving as President of the Bundesrat in 2008/09. In December 2011, Müller was elected as judge of German Bundesverfassungsgericht.
Education and early career
After sitting the Abitur (German final exams) in 1974 at the Realgymnasium in Lebach, Müller studied jurisprudence and politics in the Bonn and Saarbrücken. He sat for the two required State Examinations in Law, the first in 1983, and the second in 1986. From then until 1994, he served as a judge at the district court of Saarbrücken, as well as a research fellow for Saarland University.
Political career
Müller is a member of the CDU. In 1995, he was elected chairman of the CDU in Saarland. He was also part of the CDU's informal internal grouping, the "Jungen Wilden" (Young Turks), as well as of the "Andenpakt" (Andes Pact).
Saarland Legislative Assembly, 1990–2011
From 1990, Müller was a Member of the Landtag of the Saarland. From 1994 through 1999, he was the chairman of the CDU parliamentary group in the assembly, making him the leader of the opposition against the governments of Ministers-President Oskar Lafontaine (1990-1998) and Reinhard Klimmt (1998-1999). In this capacity, he publicly spoke out against Angela Merkel and instead endorsed Edmund Stoiber as the party's candidate to challenge incumbent Chancellor Gerhard Schröder in the 2002 federal elections.
On 17 August 2005 the then Chancellor-candidate Angela Merkel chose Müller to be a member of her shadow cabinet as a prospective minister of economics and trade. In the federal election of 2005, he obtained a federal party ticket in Saarland. He was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the SPD on a coalition agreement, which paved the way to the formation of Chancellor Angela Merkel’s first government. However, on 26 November 2005 he decided not to take up his post as a Member of Parliament (Bundestag). He was succeeded by Hermann Scharf.
Minister-President of Saarland, 1998–2011
After the CDU received 45.5% of the votes, a narrow majority government, he became Minister-President of Saarland. On 3 September 2004 the CDU was able to expand upon its advantage in the parliament elections. In 2009, he formed a so-called Jamaica coalition with the liberal FDP and the Greens before leaving office in 2011 to accept an appointment to the Federal Constitutional Court.
Between 2003 and 2007, Müller also served as Commissioner of the Federal Republic of Germany for Cultural Affairs under the Treaty on Franco-German Cooperation. During his time in office, the first joint French-German history textbook, by French and German authors, was unveiled in May 2006.
Judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, 2011–present
Ahead of the 2014 European elections, Müller issued a dissenting opinion on the Second Senate's judgement that a three-percent electoral threshold in the law governing European elections is unconstitutional. He argued that “the impairment of the European Parliament's ability to function is sufficiently important to justify an interference with the principles of electoral equality and equal opportunities of political parties.“
In 2018, the Second Senate of the Federal Constitutional Court decided that it must render its decision on a constitutional complaint directed against the prohibition of assisted suicide services (§ 217 StGB) without participation of Müller on the grounds of possible bias. During his time as Minister-President, his government (unsuccessfully) submitted a draft law prohibiting assisted suicide services in 2006.
Other activities
European Foundation for the Speyer Cathedral, Member of the Board of Trustees
donum vitae, Member of the Board of Trustees
Gesellschaft für Rechtspolitik (GfR), Member of the Presidium
Gewerkschaft der Polizei, Member
ZDF, Member of the Board of Directors (2007-2011)
RAG-Stiftung, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (2007-2011)
Awards and Distinctions
In 2003 Peter Müller was given the Premier of the Year (Ministerpräsident des Jahres) Award in Berlin for the years 2000 to 2002 for his article "Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft" (New Social Free Market Initiative), which was published in the economic magazine WirtschaftsWoche.
Personal life
Müller and his wife Astrid have three children.
References
Based on the German article from March 1, 2006
External links
Peter Müller, CDU Saar
1955 births
Living people
People from Neunkirchen (German district)
Presidents of the German Bundesrat
University of Bonn alumni
Members of the Landtag of Saarland
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Ministers-President of Saarland
21st-century German politicians
Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20M%C3%BCller%20%28politician%29 |
Kikis may refer to:
Kikis Kazamias (born 1951), Cypriot economist and politician; former Minister of Finance
Thoma Kikis, American film producer and designer
Sang Mokteng Kikis, 14th century ruler of the Sunda Kingdom in western Java
See also
Kiki (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikis |
Grand Haven Golf Club is a public golf course located just south of Grand Haven, Michigan. Very close to the Lake Michigan shore, the golf course takes advantage of the thick hardwood forest and natural sand dunes of the southwest Michigan shoreline. Golf Digest magazine ranked the club as "one of the nation's Top 50 public courses" for over ten years. The club has hosted several significant events, including the LPGA Shoreline Classic.
History
Originally established in 1965, the course was built and operated by the Matthews family of Grand Haven. According to its own web site, the club "had admittedly seen better days" when new ownership—the Rooney Golf Group, LLC. of Stillwater, Oklahoma—purchased the property in 1998.
A new clubhouse has been built and the course itself is undergoing renovation and improvement, with rolling fairways and fast, sharp-breaking greens. Currently, the course is 6789 yards from the black championship tees with a course/slope rating of 73.4/134. The white tees are 6194 yards with a rating of 70/128. The red tees (ladies/seniors/juniors) are 5284 yards with a rating of 70.6/122.
As announced on 5/27/2019, the course will be overhauled and re-designed as a Jack Nicklaus Signature Course through Nicklaus's design firm. The redesigned course will be named American Dunes Golf Club, and is scheduled to open on Memorial Day in 2020.
References
External links
Grand Haven Golf Club official web site
Golf clubs and courses in Michigan
Sports venues in Ottawa County, Michigan
Sports venues completed in 1965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Haven%20Golf%20Club |
ASCOM (an abbreviation for AStronomy Common Object Model) is an open initiative to provide a standard interface to a range of astronomy equipment including mounts, focusers and imaging devices in a Microsoft Windows environment.
History
ASCOM was invented in late 1997 and early 1998 by Bob Denny, when he released two commercial programs and several freeware utilities that showcased the technology. He also induced Doug George to include ASCOM capabilities in commercial CCD camera control software.
The first observatory to adopt ASCOM was Junk Bond Observatory, in early 1998. It was used at this facility to implement a robotic telescope dedicated to observing asteroids. The successful use of ASCOM there was covered in an article in Sky & Telescope magazine. This helped ASCOM to become more widely adopted.
The ASCOM standards were placed under the control of the ASCOM Initiative, a group of astronomy software developers who volunteered to develop the standards further. Under the influence of Denny, George, Tim Long, and others, ASCOM developed into a set of device driver standards. In 2004, over 150 astronomy-related devices were supported by ASCOM device drivers, which were released as freeware. Most of the drivers are also open source.
As ASCOM developed, the term became less associated with the Component Object Model, and has been used more broadly to describe not only the standards and software based on them, but also to describe an observing system architecture and a robotic telescope design philosophy. In 2004, ASCOM remained formally a reference to the Component Object Model, but the term is expected to stand on its own as new technologies such as Microsoft .NET take over functions provided by the Component Object Model, and additional ASCOM projects are adopted that dilute its concentration on device drivers.
Jonathan Fay contributed to the ASCOM standard. During his work on the WorldWide Telescope ASCOM client he created the reference .NET Framework prototype classes that led to the ASCOM Version 5 redesign.
The release of version 6 of the ASCOM Platform in June 2011 marked a transition to an open source development paradigm, with several developers contributing to the effort and all of the platform source code being made available under a Creative Commons license. Initially, the Platform developer team used servers hosted by TiGra Networks (Long's IT consulting company) for source code control, issue tracking and project management, with server licenses contributed by Atlassian and JetBrains. In 2012, due in part to differences in development style, TiGra Networks' involvement with the software development effort ceased and the source code was relocated to SourceForge.
What is it?
The Ascom Platform is a collection of computer drivers for different astronomy-related devices. It uses agreed standards that allow different computer programs ('apps') and devices to communicate with each other simultaneously. This means that you can have things like mounts, focusers, cameras and filter wheels all controlled by a single computer, even with several computers sharing access to those resources. For example, you can use one program to find targets and another to guide your telescope, with both of them sharing control of your mount at the same time.
An ASCOM driver acts as an abstraction layer between the client and hardware thus removing any hardware dependency in the client, and making the client automatically compatible with all devices that supports the minimum required properties and methods. For example, this abstraction allows an ASCOM client to use an imaging device without needing to know whether the device is attached via a serial or network connection.
ASCOM defines a collection of required Properties and Methods that ASCOM compliant software can use to communicate with an ASCOM compliant device. ASCOM also defines a range of optional Properties and Methods to take advantage of common features that may not be available for every manufacturer's device. By testing various properties an ASCOM client application can determine what features are available for use.
Properties and Methods are accessible via scripting interfaces, allowing control of devices by standard scripting applications such as VBScript and JavaScript. In fact any language that supports access to Microsoft COM objects can interface with ASCOM.
An ASCOM Platform software package is available for download which installs some common libraries and documentation as well as a collection of ASCOM drivers for a broad range of equipment. Additional ASCOM drivers for devices not included in the ASCOM Platform package can be downloaded and installed separately.
Although ASCOM is predominantly used by the amateur community, because the standard is freely available it is also used in some professional installations.
Licensing
There are no particular licensing requirements other than that the ASCOM logo may only be used if the client application is ASCOM compatible, and an ASCOM driver must implement all the required properties and methods (but need not implement any of the optional properties and methods).
End user
From an astronomer's point of view, it is a simple matter of installing the ASCOM platform and suitable client software; no programming is required.
ASCOM drivers allow computer-based control of devices such as planetarium software to direct a telescope to point at a selected object. Using a combination of mount, focuser and imaging device ASCOM drivers, it is possible to build a fully automated environment for deep sky imaging.
Developer
Developers can enhance the power of ASCOM by writing their own clients using the scripting or object interface.
ASCOM Alpaca
Recent initiative called ASCOM Alpaca is currently under development. The Alpaca API uses RESTful techniques and TCP/IP to enable ASCOM applications and devices to communicate across modern network environments. This will enable ASCOM compatible devices to work across all the different operating systems including Linux and Mac OSX in near future.
See also
INDI
References
External links
Cedric Thomas, ASCOM Developer web site
Application programming interfaces
Astronomy software
Open standards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCOM%20%28standard%29 |
Balance was an early 1980s American hard rock band. based out of New York City, United States, and fronted by Peppy Castro, formerly of Blues Magoos. They are best known for their top 40 1981 hit, "Breaking Away".
Biography
In addition to Castro, original members included guitarist Bob Kulick and arranger/keyboardist Doug Katsaros. The trio recorded their self-titled debut album with session musicians, one of whom, drummer Andy Newmark also co-wrote one of the songs on the album and was apparently an official member of the band at one point. Newmark was later replaced by Gregg Gerson, who departed soon thereafter to play with Billy Idol. Prior to recording their follow-up album, Balance added the rhythm section of drummer Chuck Burgi (ex-Brand X) and bassist Dennis Feldman (ex-Speedway Blvd.) to the lineup.
The group's most noteworthy release was 1981's "Breaking Away" from their eponymous debut album which reached No. 133 on the Billboard 200. The song peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The album's follow-up single, "Falling in Love", peaked at No. 58. The band failed to ever reach the Hot 100 charts again.
In early 1982, Balance entered The Power Station in New York, now Avatar Studios, to produce their sophomore album, In For The Count, with Tony Bongiovi, a cousin of Jon Bon Jovi, engineering and co-producing. After a massive house cleaning on so-called 'Black Friday', when 200 staffers at CBS, Epic and Portrait were let go, Balance would lose their supporters at the label and In For The Count became a direct casualty of the turnover.
Although things looked bleak at home, the band experienced one last hurrah when they were asked to write a song for a major Japanese commercial to launch the new Daihatsu Charade. The resulting song was "Ride the Wave" which was also commercially released through Polydor, with album leftover "She's Alone Tonight" on the B-side. Balance played a short tour of Japan before calling it quits due to lack of interest from their label and management company.
Castro, Katsaros, Burgi, and Feldman (along with Bob Kulick's younger brother, Bruce) reunited briefly when they appeared on Michael Bolton's 1985 album, Everybody's Crazy. Kulick and Feldman, the latter adopting the name Dennis St. James and handling lead vocals, would re-team again in the band Skull whose sole album, No Bones About It, was released in 1991; Bruce Kulick and Chuck Burgi guested on various tracks.
In the wake of the 2006 re-issue of In For the Count, Italian label Frontiers Records inquired about a possible new Balance album. Equilibrium was released in 2009 and features original core members Kulick, Castro and Katsaros, along with drummer Brett Chassen, who also co-produced with Kulick, as well as guest spots from Bruce Kulick on bass and Jesse Castro on drums.
In 2014, the band reunited for its first live shows in 31 years for a short three-date tour in Sweden. Peppy Castro, Bob Kulick and Doug Katsaros were joined by Dan Larsson on bass and Jonas Wikström on drums. Sweden Rock Magazine gave the band a rave review of their gig at the Rockland Club in Sala, Sweden, on August 26, 2014.
On October 6, 2015, Peppy Castro was interviewed by Swedish Radio about the continued and renewed interest in the band, such as fans of the band recently setting up a Facebook page wanting the band to play at Sweden Rock Festival in 2016.
Bob Kulick died on May 28, 2020, at age 70.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
1981 Breaking Away b/w It's So Strange (Portrait, 24-02177) #22 US
1981 Falling in Love b/w Fly Through the Night (Portrait, 02608) #58 US
1981 American Dream b/w I'm Through Loving You (Portrait, 24-02826)
1982 Slow Motion b/w Undercover Man (Portrait AE7 1501)
1982 Slow Motion b/w Is It Over (Portrait, 24-03083)
1982 In for the Count b/w Slow Motion (Portrait/Epic Holland, PRTA 3185)
1983 Ride the Wave b/w She's Alone Tonight (Polydor Japan, 7DX 2027)
Re-issues
1992 Balance (Portrait/Sony Music Austria, 4694422)
1992 In for the Count (Portrait/Sony Music Austria, 85787)
1996 Balance / In for the Count (Renaissance, RMED00104)
2006 In for the Count (Rock Candy, CANDY024)* includes the Japan only Ride the Wave 7" as bonus tracks
2010 Balance (Rock Candy, CANDY066)
References
Hard rock musical groups from New York (state)
Musical groups from New York City
Frontiers Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance%20%28band%29 |
Newbury Park High School, opened in 1967, is a co-educational public high school located in Newbury Park, California.
Academics
The school is one of two International Baccalaureate schools in Ventura County, the other being Rio Mesa High School.
In 2006, NPHS underwent a technological overhaul including the addition of new computers and the introduction of Zangle. Implemented at the beginning of the 2006-2007 academic year, Zangle is an online system by Aequitas Solutions for teachers to input and submit grading online, as well as allowing parents to access their child's attendance and grade information. In 2013, Zangle changed its name to "Q", but still performed the same tasks as before.
A second technological overhaul began in the 2015-2016 school year. This included boosted funding for the Panther TV student broadcast program, new Lenovo desktop computers with faster Intel cores and smaller frames, and purchase of charging station carts with Chromebooks or traditional laptops for every department. The school internet system was also revised to be faster, more bring-your-own-device friendly (in terms of ease of Wi-Fi connection), and better security blocks.
NPHS has a technology academy on campus known as the Digital Arts and Technology Academy, or "DATA." This program is for sophomores, juniors and seniors who are selected by faculty to join. The students are enrolled in English, Social Science, Science, and a Technology class together.
Athletics
Newbury Park's athletic teams are known as the Panthers, and the school colors are black and gold. The following sports are offered:
Baseball (boys)
Basketball (girls & boys)
Cross country (girls & boys)
Fencing Club (one of the longest surviving clubs on campus).
Football (boys and girls)
Golf (girls & boys)
Lacrosse (girls & boys)
Softball (girls)
Soccer (girls & boys)
Stunt (girls & boys)
Swimming (girls & boys)
Tennis (girls & boys)
Track & field (girls & boys)
Volleyball (girls & boys)
Water polo (girls & boys)
Wrestling (girls & boys)
Major Championships
Baseball CIF Champion 1968
Swimming CIF Champion 1979
Football CIF Champions 1993
Women's Basketball CIF Champion and Southern California State Champions 1995
Baseball CIF Champion 2012
Dance Team National Grand Champions 2012, USA National Sweepstakes Champions 2015
Boys Cross Country Division II CIF 2018 State Champion
Girls Cross Country Division II CIF 2019 State Champion
Boys Cross Country Division II CIF 2019 State Champion
Boys NXN Nike Cross Nationals 2019 Champion
Boys Cross Country Division I CIF 2021 State Champions
Boys Cross Country 2021 Garmin RunningLane National Champions
Boys Cross Country Division II CIF 2022 State Champion
Boys NXN Nike Cross Nationals 2022 Champion
At the 2021 Garmin RunningLane National Championships, Newbury Park runners Colin Sahlman, Leo Young, and Lex Young finished 1-2-3, all breaking Dathan Ritzenhein's previous national high school cross country 5k record of 14:10.
Newbury Park also holds the national high school record for the 4 x Mile relay.
Notable alumni
Jordan Cameron, football player in the NFL
Colby Cameron, football player in the NFL
Belinda Carlisle, singer
Hailey Clauson, Sports Illustrated swimsuit model
Lorna Doom, born Teresa Ryan, bass guitarist in The Germs
Heather Locklear, actress
M. Ward, musician, producer
Katie Meyer, college soccer player
Jason Narvy, actor
Jesse James Rutherford, singer
Jimmie Sherfy, pitcher for Arizona Diamondbacks
Will Svitek, football player in the NFL
Kim Woo-sung, singer in The Rose
Shirley Wu, award-winning data scientist
Leo Young, long-distance runner who competed in the 2023 World Athletics Cross Country Championships
Nico Young, long-distance runner who competed in the 2020 Olympic Trials
References
External links
Newbury Park High School Website
Conejo Valley Unified School District
High schools in Ventura County, California
Newbury Park, California
Public high schools in California
International Baccalaureate schools in California
1967 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1967
School buildings completed in 1967
Buildings and structures in Thousand Oaks, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbury%20Park%20High%20School |
The Diocese of Macau (; ) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church, in contrast with the Diocese of Hong Kong, which is, de jure, part of the Ecclesiastical Province of Guangdong.
The territory of the Diocese of Macau encompasses Macau, a special administrative region of China. In theory, a part of Guangdong province also belongs to the diocese, but in practice, the diocese is limited to Macau.
Its cathedral is the Cathedral of the Nativity of Our Lady.
Its patron saints are Francis Xavier and Catherine of Siena, and its motto is Scientia et Virtus (Knowledge and Virtue).
Stephen Lee Bun-sang is the current bishop and the third Chinese bishop of the diocese.
History
It was established on January 23, 1576, by the edict of Pope Gregory XIII, on vast territory split off from Roman Catholic Diocese of Malacca. It originally covered China, Japan, Vietnam and the Malay archipelago, with the exception of the Philippines. From its founding, the diocese was a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese (soon Patriarchate) of Goa, in Portuguese India.
It gradually lost most of its territory, in and around continental China:
on February 19, 1588, to establish the Diocese of Funai (Japan)
on September 9, 1659, Pope Alexander VII issued the papal bull Super cathedram principis apostolorum to establish and define the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Vicariate of Tonkin (Northern Vietnam, Laos and five adjacent provinces of southern China: Yunnan, Guizhou, Huguang, Sichuan, Guangxi), the Apostolic Vicariate of Cochinchina (Central Vietnam and five provinces of southeastern China: Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hainan), and Apostolic Vicariate of Nanjing (including five adjacent provinces: Beijing, Shanxi, Shandong, Korea and Tartary).
In 1696, Pope Innocent XII returned the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi, and the island of Hainan to its authority.
on April 22, 1841, to establish the then-Apostolic Prefecture of Hong Kong
on May 10, 1848, to establish the then-Apostolic Vicariate of Guangdong-Guangxi including Hainan
on April 9, 1940, to establish the Diocese of Díli (on Timor)
It was made exempt in 1975, following Portugal's loss of sovereignty over Goa, its former metropolitan.
It now only administers Macau alone, the last regions outside Macau under its administration were the parishes of Saint Joseph in Singapore (re-united with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Singapore c. 1972) and St. Peter's Church in Malacca (now as part of Roman Catholic Diocese of Malacca-Johor), which separated from the Diocese of Macau in 1981.
Bishops
Bishops of Macau
Diego Núñez de Figueroa (1576–1578); rejected appointment, never consecrated
Melchior Carneiro (1576–1581), administrator
Leonardo Fernandes de Sá, O.Cist. (1578–1597), arrived at Macau in 1581
Father Manuel de Aguiar (1597–1599), administrator
Father Miguel dos Santos, O.S.A. (1599–1607), administrator
João de Abrantes a Pietate, O.P. (1604–1623), resigned and returned to Europe in 1615, resignation accepted in 1623
Father Antonio de Rosario (1615–1623), de facto administrator
Diogo Correia Valente (1623–1633), administrator
from 1641 to 1668, no bishops were named due to the Portuguese Restoration War between Spain and Portugal
Father Bento de Christo (1640–1642), administrator
Father Francisco de S. Thomaz, named by Peter II of Portugal in 1669 but not confirmed by the Pope
Father Giovanni Filippo de Marini (also Filippe de Marino) (1671–1677), administrator
João de Casal (1690–1735)
Eugénio de Trigueiros, O.E.S.A. (1735–1740), appointed Archbishop of Goa
Hilário de Santa Rosa, O.F.M. (1740–1752)
Bartolomeu Manoel Mendes dos Reis (1753–1773), appointed Bishop of Mariana
Alexandre da Silva Pedrosa Guimarães (1773–1789)
Marcelino José da Silva (1789–1802)
Manuel de Santo Galdino, O.F.M. (1802–1804), appointed Coadjutor Archbishop and later Archbishop of Goa
Francisco Chachim, O.F.M. Disc. (1804–1828)
Nicolaus Rodrigues Pereira de Borja, C.M. (1843–1845)
Jerónimo José de Mata, C.M. (1845–1862)
Pereira Botelho do Amaral e Pimentel (1866–1871), appointed Bishop of Angra
Manuel Bernardo de Sousa Enes (1874–1883), appointed Bishop of Bragança e Miranda and later Bishop of Portalegre
António Joaquim de Medeiros (1884–1897)
José Manuel de Carvalho (1897–1902), appointed Bishop of Angra
(鮑理諾) (1902–1918)
José da Costa Nunes (1920–1940), appointed Archbishop of Goa and Daman (elevated to Cardinal in 1962)
João de Deus Ramalho, S.J. (1942–1953)
Policarpo da Costa Vaz (1954–1960), appointed Bishop of Guarda
Paulo José Tavares (1961–1973)
Arquimínio Rodrigues da Costa (1976–1988)
Domingos Lam Ka-tseung (1988–2003)
José Lai Hung-seng (2003–2016)
Stephen Lee Bun-sang (2016–present)
Coadjutor bishops
José Lai Hung-seng (2001–2003)
Domingos Lam Ka Tseung (1987–1988)
Jerónimo José de Mata, C.M. (1844–1845)
Eugénio Trigueiros, O.S.A. (1725–1735)
Parishes
The diocese is divided in:
six parishes (five in Macau Peninsula and one on Taipa island):
Cathedral Parish
St. Lazarus
St. Anthony
St. Lawrence
Our Lady of Fátima
Church of Our Lady of Carmel, Taipa
two quasi-parishes, both on Macau Peninsula:
St. Francis Xavier, Mong Há
St. Joseph, Iao Hon
one mission (on Coloane island):
St. Francis Xavier, Coloane
Schools
The following schools are directly operated by the diocese:
Preschool through secondary school
Colégio Diocesano de São José - Sé (not in Macau's tuition-free school network)
Colégio Diocesano de São José 5 - Nossa Senhora de Fátima (not in Macau's tuition-free school network)
Escola de São Paulo - Nossa Senhora de Fátima
Preschool through junior high school
Escola do Santíssimo Rosário - Santo António (Closed)
Preschool and primary school
Escola Dom João Paulino - Taipa
Escola Madalena de Canossa - Nossa Senhora de Fátima
Escola de Santa Teresa do Menino Jesus - Nossa Senhora de Fátima
There are other Catholic schools in Macau which are operated by Catholic orders.
See also
List of bishops of Macau
list of Macao-related topics
Catholic religious institutions, associations, and communities in Macau
References
External links
Diocese de Macau
GCatholic.org with incumbent biography links
UCAN Diocese profile
Macau
1576 establishments in China
1576 establishments in the Portuguese Empire
16th-century establishments in Macau
Religious organizations established in the 1570s
Macau | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Macau |
A pastizz (plural pastizzi) is a traditional savoury pastry from Malta. Pastizzi usually have a filling either of ricotta (tal-ħaxu, pastizzi tal-irkotta, cheese cake) or curried peas (, pea cake). Pastizzi are a popular and well-known traditional Maltese food. It should not be confused with the Italian pastizz, better known as U' pastizz 'rtunnar.
Preparation
Pastizzi are usually diamond-shaped or round (known as pastizzi tax-xema''' in Maltese) and made with a pastry very much like the Greek filo pastry (although there is also a puff pastry version). The pastry is folded in different ways according to the filling, as a means of identification. Traditionally, cheese cakes (stuffed with ricotta) are folded down the middle, whereas pea cakes are folded down the side. In recent years, alternative pastizzi fillings have emerged, most notably chicken pastizzi which can now be found in virtually all Maltese pastizzeriji alongside the two traditional flavours. Other short-lived or limited edition pastizzi fillings have included ricotta and truffle, maltese sausage and nutella.
Pastizzi are typically baked on metal trays in electric or gas ovens in a pastizzerija'', usually a small or family concern. They are also sold in bars, cafes and by street vendors. They are a popular breakfast in outer villages.
Culinary export
Pastizzi are also produced by Maltese immigrant communities in Australia, Canada, the UK and the US. The first pastizzeria in Scotland opened in 2007.
In the Maltese language
Such is its popularity, the word "pastizzi" has multiple meanings in Maltese. It is used as a euphemism for the vagina, due to its shape, and for describing someone as a "pushover". The Maltese idiom (selling like pastizzi) is equivalent to the English "selling like hot cakes", to describe a product which seems to have inexhaustible demand. Things which are (coming out like pastizzi) can be said to be emerging at a fast rate, sometimes too quickly.
See also
Maltese cuisine
List of Maltese dishes
References
External links
Malta`s official tourism portal - Food and Drink
Maltese cuisine
Pastries
Cheese dishes
Legume dishes
National dishes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastizz |
Championship Off-Road Racing (usually abbreviated CORR) was a sanctioning body for short course off-road racing in the United States. It formed in 1998 and went bankrupt in 2008. Its Midwest races were supplanted in 2007 by the Traxxas TORC Series and by the Lucas Oil Off Road Racing Series on the West Coast in 2009. Both received most of the drivers and adopted the same racing format.
History
CORR was formed in 1998 by ESPN announcer Marty Reid. It displaced the SODA series at the premiere short course off-road racing series when most of the drivers in SODA moved to CORR. The series was purchased by Jim Baldwin in 2005.
Baldwin canceled two of the rounds at Las Vegas in October 2008. In a press release, he stated: "Championship Off Road Racing has made the difficult decision to cancel the Primm, Nevada race on October 25th and 26th. The current credit crisis has made it very difficult to cover CORR’s costs." He filed for bankruptcy and abandoned the sanctioning body's facilities in Chula Vista, California.
Classes
There were ten classes in the series.
The eight truck classes were: Pro 4, Pro 2, Pro Spec, Pro Lite, and Trophy Kart (Junior I, Junior II, Modified).
The three buggy classes were: Pro Buggy, Single Buggy, and Light Buggy
Pro 4
The trucks were built or manufactured as a full-size, four-wheel-drive type utility vehicle, capable of being driven through the front wheels. Vehicle must be a standard manufacturer production model available to the general public in the U.S. Vehicle style must have the manufacturer production of 5,000.
Past Champions
2008 Carl Renezeder
2007 Carl Renezeder
2006 Johnny Greaves
2005 Johnny Greaves
2004 Jason Baldwin
2003 Carl Renezeder
2002 Johnny Greaves
2001 Rob MacCachren
2000 Rob MacCachren
1999 Walker Evans
1998 Jack Flannery
Pro 2
Specs: The trucks were built or manufactured as a full-size, two-wheel-drive type utility vehicle, weighing at least 3400 pounds. Vehicle must be a standard manufacturer production model available to the general public in the U.S. Vehicle style must have the manufacturer production of 5,000. Manufacturer body styles and engines must be from the same manufacturer.
Horsepower: 8 cylinders, 750-900 HP.
Suspension: Front wheel travel limit 18"; rear wheel travel limit 20".
Chassis: Maximum wheelbase 120"; minimum wheelbase 113"; maximum track width 93".
Body: Maximum body width 80".
Weight: Minimum weight with driver ; minimum front axle weight 48% of total truck weight.
Tire Size: 35 x 12.50 maximum.
Numbering: 1-99.
Past Champions
2008 Rob MacCachren
2007 Jerry Whelchel
2006 Carl Renezeder
2005 Carl Renezeder
2004 Scott Taylor
2003 Scott Taylor
2002 Scott Taylor
2001 Scott Taylor
2000 Scott Taylor
1999 Scott Taylor
1998 Ricky Johnson
Pro-Lite
The trucks were compact trucks which have , must weight 2800 pounds, and can not have more than of front and of rear suspension travel. Vehicle style must have had a manufacturer production of 5,000.
Past Champions
2008 Marty Hart
2007 Rob Naughton
2006 Chad Hord
2005 Jeff Kincaid
2004 Kyle LeDuc
2003 Jeff Kincaid
2002 Jeff Kincaid
2001 Jeff Kincaid
2000 Jeff Kincaid
1999 Johnny Greaves
1998 Johnny Greaves
Other notable drivers
Jason Baldwin – late son of Jim Baldwin, was killed in a plane crash on November 19, 2005.
Jim Baldwin
Josh Baldwin – son of Jim Baldwin
Scott Douglas
Evan Evans
Brendan Gaughan – the future NASCAR driver competed in the Pro-2 division in the 1997 Winter Series and 1998 season.
Robby Gordon
Rick Huseman
Jimmie Johnson – the future seven-time Sprint Cup Series champion won the 1997 Winter Series Pro-2 championship at Glen Helen Raceway, CORR's first event after taking over from SODA.
Jeremy McGrath
Rod Millen
Rodrigo Ampudia – Made history as being the first international driver to win a CORR race.
Evie Baldwin aka Prettymuddy
Cissy Baldwin
Kelley Renezeder
Rhonda Konitzer
Travis Pastrana
Carl Renezeder
Art Schmitt
Keith Steele – 23 seasons, 2008 WSORR Driver of the Year, 2009 TORC Driver of the Year, 44 career wins, BorgWarner World Champion 2000, 2004,2006, 2008
Tracks
Bark River International Raceway
Chula Vista, California, in the "Otay Ranch" neighborhood (Baldwin's construction company built a temporary circuit)
Crandon International Off-Road Raceway
Heartland Park Topeka
I-96 Speedway
Langlade County Speedway
Pomona Fairplex
Las Vegas Motor Speedway
Stafford Motor Speedway
Route 66 Raceway
Indiana State Fairgrounds
Unadilla MX
Texas Motor Speedway
Antelope Valley Fairgrounds
Trollhaugen
Milan, Michigan
Midwest Off-Road Raceway
Luxemburg Speedway
References
External links
Official website
Off-road racing series
Auto racing organizations in the United States
Organizations disestablished in 2008
Defunct auto racing series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championship%20Off-Road%20Racing |
The light welterweight boxing competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held from 15 to 28 August at Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall. This is limited to those boxers weighing between 60 and 64 kilograms.
Competition format
Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 27 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various tournaments held in 2003 and 2004. The competition began with a preliminary round on 15 August, where the number of competitors was reduced to 16, and concluded with the final on 28 August. As there were fewer than 32 boxers in the competition, a number of boxers received a bye through the preliminary round. Both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals.
All bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout.
Schedule
All times are Greece Standard Time (UTC+2)
Qualifying Athletes
Results
Notes
Davis Mwale (Zambia) replaced All-Africa Games champion Davidson Emenogu (Nigeria), who later tested positive for a diuretic.
References
External links
Official Olympic Report
Light welterweight | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Light%20welterweight |
This is a list of artists who have recorded for Geffen Records, later under Interscope Records.
0–9
10,000 Maniacs
3
The 7A3
A
A3 (US)
Adam Bomb
Aerosmith
Agnes
Alberta Cross (Black Lodge/Fiction/Polydor/Geffen)
Alien Ant Farm
AlunaGeorge
Angels & Airwaves (Suretone/Geffen)
Aqua (US)
Asia
Australian Crawl
Ava Denera (American King Music/Geffen)
Avant
B
Alex Band
Jimmy Barnes (US)
Beck (DGC/Geffen)
Lauren Bennett
Berlin (US/Canada)
Bivouac (DGC/Geffen)
Black Heff (American King Music/Geffen)
Black 'N Blue
Blaque
Mary J. Blige
Blink-182
Bloodhound Gang
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
Børns
Boss Hog (DGC/Geffen)
BoyNextDoor (Hybe–KOZ Entertainment/Geffen)
Braden Bales
Brick & Lace
Toni Braxton
BTS (Hybe–Big Hit Music/Geffen)
Buckcherry
Busta Rhymes
Edie Brickell & New Bohemians
C
The Candyskins
Calvin Jeremy (Geffen/Universal Malaysia)
Irene Cara
Belinda Carlisle
Carly Rae Jepsen (Geffen Malaysia)
Eric Carmen
Peter Case
Catfish
Greyson Chance (Geffen/Maverick/eleveneleven)
Cher
The Chameleons
Charlotte Sometimes
Chauncey Black (Flipmode/Aftermath/Geffen)
Chevy Woods (Taylor Gang/Geffen)
Bryn Christopher
Cinder
Class The King (American King Music/Geffen)
Clubland
Coconut Records
Keyshia Cole
Pat Metheny/Ornette Coleman
Cold
Lloyd Cole and the Commotions (US)
Judy Collins
Common (G.O.O.D. Music/Geffen)
Bill Cosby
Counting Crows (DGC/Geffen)
Cowboy Junkies
Nadine Coyle
The Creatures (US)
The Crystal Method
The Cure
D
Days of the New (Outposext/Geffen)
Death Angel
Alon De Loco
Depswa
Jason Derulo (American King Music/Geffen)
Deuce
Diamond Head
DJ Shadow
DJ Snake
Christine Dolce
Geoffrey Downes
Driveblind
Drop Dead, Gorgeous (Suretone/Geffen)
E
Eagles
Eastern Conference Champions
Elastica (DGC/Geffen)
Eleanor McEvoy
Enhypen (Hybe–Belift Lab/Geffen)
Enya (US)
Esquire
Everything Everything
Ezo
F
Fan 3
Field Mob (Disturbing tha Peace/Geffen)
Finch
Floetry
Steve Forbert
Nelly Furtado (Mosley Music/Geffen)
FOS (Fortress of Solitude)
G
Peter Gabriel (US and Canada)
Galactic Cowboys
Game (BWS/Geffen)
Garbage (Almo Sounds/Geffen)
Gene Loves Jezebel (US)
Girlicious
God Street Wine
Whoopi Goldberg
Selena Gomez (Geffen/Hollywood Malaysia)
Macy Gray (will.i.am Music Group/Geffen)
Grim Reaper
Gryffin
Guns N' Roses
Genius/GZA
Adrian Gurvitz
H
Sammy Hagar
Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve
Half Way Home
Kimberly Hall (American King Music/Geffen)
James Hall (DGC/Geffen)
Trevor Hall
Happy Tree Friends/Nirvana (Geffen)
Deborah Harry
Imogen Heap (Almo Sounds/Geffen)
Hedley (Universal/Geffen)
Don Henley
John Hiatt
Hoku
Hole (DGC/Geffen)
Jennifer Holliday
Hotboii (Rebel)
Debra Hurd
Hush
I
Maarja-Liis Ilus
Il Volo
Ish Ledesma
It Bites (US)
iayze
I'LL-IT (Hybe–Belift Lab/Geffen)
J
J.I (G*Starr Ent./Geffen/Interscope)
Jackyl
Jade Ewen
Jibbs
Joanna
Daron Jones
Elton John (US and Canada)
Malese Jow
Jimmy Page
Junkyard
K
Kamaiyah
Kardinal Offishall
Ken Laszlo
Tommy Keene
Kelis
Tori Kelly
Killah Priest
B.B. King
Kitarō
Solange Knowles (Music World Entertainment/Geffen)
Fela Kuti
L
Large Professor
Lawson (Geffen Malaysia)
Lee Ryan
John Lennon
Le Sserafim (Hybe–Source Music/Geffen)
Lifehouse
The Like
Limp Bizkit
Little Caesar (DGC/Geffen)
Lisa Loeb
Lone Justice
Lo-Pro
Inger Lorre
Loud Lucy (DGC/Geffen)
M
Machine Gun Kelly
Madness (US)
Aimee Mann (DGC/Geffen)
Lyle Mays
Mac McAnally
Maria McKee
Manowar
Pat Metheny Group
Midwxst
Mini Viva
Mims (American King Music/Geffen)
Kylie Minogue (North America)
Joni Mitchell
Missez
The Misfits
Mixi
Models
Mommyheads
Thurston Moore (DGC/Geffen)
Mos Def
Mummy Calls
Walter Murphy and His Orchestra
My Little Funhouse
Gary Myrick
N
Leona Naess
Kate Nash (US)
Nelson (DGC/Geffen)
New Edition
New Found Glory
New Jeans (Hybe-ADOR/Geffen)
New Radicals
Olivia Newton-John (US/Canada)
Nitzer Ebb (US)
NLT
Noa
Non Phixion
Nonpoint
Terri Nunn
The Nymphs
O
Ric Ocasek
Yoko Ono
Orianthi
Emily Osment
Ours
Oxo
Olivia Rodrigo
P
Nerina Pallot
Papa Roach
Pariah
Ray Parker Jr.
Janel Parrish
Pell Mell (DGC/Geffen)
Phantom Blue
Phantom Planet
The Pink Spiders (Suretone/Geffen)
Pitchshifter
Planet P Project
The Plimsouls
Poppy (Island/Geffen)
The Posies (DGC/Geffen)
Prima J
Prince Ty (American King Music/Geffen)
Project Pat (Taylor Gang/Geffen)
Puddle of Mudd (Flawless/Geffen)
Q
Quarterflash
R
The Raincoats (DGC/Geffen)
Raw Stylus
Remy Zero
Ringside
Rise Against
Joan Rivers
Tom Robinson
Rock City Angels
Olivia Rodrigo
The Rolling Stones (Polydor/Geffen) (US/Canada)
Rooney (Cherrytree/Geffen)
Emmy Rossum
Mike Ruekberg
Lee Ryan
S
Saigon Kick (Uzi Suicide/Geffen)
Seventeen (Hybe–Pledis Entertainment/Geffen)
St. Johnny (DGC/Geffen)
STAYC (HighUp Entertainment/Geffen/Interscope)
Saliva
Salty Dog (Geffen)
Jessica Sanchez (Polydor/Geffen UK)
The Saturdays
Scorcher
Semi Precious Weapons (Cherry Tree/Razor & Tie)
Shawnna (Nappy Boy/Geffen)
She Wants Revenge
Shooting Star
Shwayze (Suretone/Geffen)
Sigur Rós (US)
Simon and Garfunkel (Outside of USA & Canada)
Ashlee Simpson
Siouxsie and the Banshees (US/Canada)
Slash
Slumber Party Girls
Snoop Dogg
Snot
Snow Patrol (US)
Something Corporate
Sonic Youth (DGC/Geffen)
Sound the Alarm
Southern Culture on the Skids (DGC/Geffen)
Spensha Baker
Spotem Gottem (Rebel)
The Starting Line
The Stone Roses (US)
The Style Council (US)
Sublime (Gasoline Alley/Geffen)
The Sugarplastic (DGC/Geffen)
Donna Summer
The Sundays (DGC/Geffen)
Sweet 75 (DGC/Geffen)
S.T.U.N.
The Sylvers
T
Teenage Fanclub (DGC/Geffen)
Tesla
that dog. (DGC/Geffen)
The Sound of Arrows
Ashley Tisdale
Tokyo's Revenge
Trust Company
The Band (American/Republic/The Body Of Woman/Geffen)
Twenty Twenty
Tyketto
U
Kali Uchis
V
Vagabond
Vanity
Van Zant (eponymous album, 1985)
Veruca Salt (DGC/Geffen)
Vitamin Z
Il Volo
W
Rufus Wainwright
Wang Chung
The Wanted
Warrant
Warrior Soul
Was (Not Was)
The Waterboys
We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It
Weezer (DGC/Geffen)
Gillian Welch (Almo Sounds/Geffen)
John Wetton
Whiskeytown
Matt White
White Lies
Whitesnake (US & Canada)
White Zombie
Wild Colonials (DGC/Geffen)
Wishbone Ash
Nicole Wray
Zakk Wylde
X
X Ambassadors
XTC (US)
Y
YUNGBLUD
Neil Young
Y&T
Yeat
Z
Van Zant
Remy Zero (DGC/Geffen)
Rob Zombie
See also
Geffen Records
References
Geffen Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Geffen%20Records%20artists |
Marc Becker is a professor of Latin American Studies at Truman State University.
He is a co-founder of NativeWeb, an internet resource that compiles information about Indigenous peoples around the world. He has published two books and several articles on José Carlos Mariátegui. Currently most of his academic work is on Indigenous movements in Ecuador.
Becker was mentioned in the rightwing tome The Professors: The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America because he worked as an organizer for Historians Against the War, a group which opposed the United States' war in Iraq.
Notes
External links
Marc Becker Home Page
NativeWeb
Latin Americanists
Historians of Latin America
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Truman State University faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Becker |
Transport Scotland () is the national transport agency of Scotland. It was established by the Transport (Scotland) Act 2005, and began operating on 1 January 2006 as an Executive Agency of the Scottish Government.
Transport Scotland, an executive agency of the Scottish government, manages transport projects, ScotRail, and all motorways and major A-class roads in Scotland. The agency is organised into eight directorates, including Aviation, Maritime, Freight and Canals; Bus, Accessibility & Active Travel; and Rail. It focuses on sustainable and accessible transport, promoting walking, cycling, and wheeling. Transport Scotland also contributes to the Scottish Government's Climate Change plan.
The second National Transport Strategy, published in 2020, outlines a 20-year vision focused on reducing inequalities, climate action, inclusive economic growth, and health and well-being. Traffic Scotland, a public service managed by Transport Scotland, works to ensure safe and reliable trunk roads by monitoring, controlling, and informing travellers.
Regional Transport Partnerships (RTPs) help plan and deliver regional transport developments, with each RTP preparing a regional transport strategy and delivery plan. Some RTPs also provide transport services, like the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport which operates the Glasgow Subway and major bus stations.
Organisation
Transport Scotland is an executive agency of the Scottish government that conducts transport projects, manages ScotRail, and also maintains all motorways and major A-class roads in Scotland.
Directorates
The agency is made up of eight directorates:
Aviation, Maritime, Freight and Canals
Bus, Accessibility & Active Travel
Finance and Corporate Services
Low Carbon Economy
Major Projects
Rail
Roads
Strategy & Analysis
Transport Scotland has a responsibility to improve the sustainability and accessibility of local transport options including getting people back using bus transport. It has a role promoting walking, cycling and public transport.
Through Scottish Rail Holdings, its operator of last resort, Transport Scotland has taken ScotRail and the Caledonian Sleeper back into public ownership.
Transport makes a contribution to the Scottish Government Climate Change plan (updated in December 2020).
Current strategic documents
A second National Transport Strategy for Scotland was published in February 2020. The vision for the next 20 years is underpinned by four priorities: reducing inequalities, taking climate action, helping deliver inclusive economic growth and improving health and well-being. There are three associated outcomes for each priority.
Traffic Scotland
Through the Traffic Scotland service, Transport Scotland provides a public service that aims to deliver safe and reliable trunk roads. The focus of Traffic Scotland is to minimise the effects of congestion, breakdowns and unforeseen events on the trunk road network. The Traffic Scotland service delivers traveller information for the Scottish Trunk Road network through a process called 'monitor, control and inform'.
Monitor: The Traffic Scotland service monitors the network using CCTV, roadside hardware, communication with the police, weather forecasts and major event management services.
Control: All information collected through the monitoring process is processed within the Traffic Scotland Control Centre. The Traffic Scotland Control Centre operates 24 hours a day to ensure that traffic and travel information disseminated as part of the Traffic Scotland service is accurate.
Inform: Traffic and travel information processed by the Traffic Scotland Control Centre is then disseminated via the Traffic Scotland service, including the Traffic Scotland website, the Traffic Customer Care Line, road side Variable Message Signs (VMS) and via the multiple Traffic Scotland data services available to public, corporate and media users.
In November 2016 Traffic Scotland introduced a real-time service to allow drivers to track which roads had been gritted through the 'Trunk Road Gritter Tracker'.
Regional Transport Partnerships
The role of Regional Transport Partnerships (RTPs) is to strengthen the planning and delivery of regional transport developments.
The first task of each RTP was to prepare a regional transport strategy. This is supported by a delivery plan where RTPs set out when and how projects and proposals would be delivered.
Some RTPs are also responsible for the delivery of transport services. For example, the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport owns and operates the Glasgow subway and major bus stations across the west of Scotland.
The seven RTPs are:
Shetland Transport Partnership (ZetTrans)
Highlands and Islands Transport Partnership (HITRANS)
North-East of Scotland Transport Partnership (NESTRANS)
Tayside and Central Scotland Transport Partnership (Tactran)
South-East of Scotland Transport Partnership (SESTRAN)
Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT)
South-West of Scotland Transport Partnership (SWESTRANS)
See also
Transport in Scotland
References
External links
Traffic Scotland website
2006 establishments in Scotland
Executive agencies of the Scottish Government
Organisations based in Glasgow
Road transport in Scotland
Transport in Scotland
Interested parties in planning in Scotland
Road authorities
Transport organisations based in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Scotland |
Floyd Burton Jones (November 22, 1910, Cisco, Texas – April 15, 1999, Santa Barbara, California) was an American mathematician, active mainly in topology.
Jones's father was a pharmacist and local politician in Shackelford County, Texas. As the valedictorian of his high school class, Jones earned a Regents' Scholarship to The University of Texas, intending to study law eventually. Jones soon discovered that he had a poor memory for dates and history, and thus changed his major to chemistry.
Jones had the extraordinary good fortune to be taught freshman calculus by Robert Lee Moore, a founder of topology in the US, a legendary mathematics teacher, and the inventor of the Moore method. Jones went on to take more mathematics courses than required to be a chemist. He displayed sufficient ability in those courses that when he graduated in 1932, Moore invited him to do a Ph.D. in mathematics and offered him a part-time job as a math instructor. Moore later supervised Jones's Ph.D. dissertation, completed in 1935.
Jones then taught at the University of Texas for the next 15 years except during 1942–44, when he was a research associate at the Harvard Underwater Sound Laboratory, helping develop scanning sonar for the Navy. In 1950, Jones moved to the University of North Carolina, where he eventually headed the Department of Mathematics. From 1962 until his 1978 retirement, he was at the University of California at Riverside, where he helped launch the doctoral program in mathematics. Over the course of his career, Jones published 67 articles and supervised 15 Ph.D. dissertations. In 1987, he endowed a Chair in Topology at the University of California at Riverside.
Jones taught using a modified version of the Moore method. He believed in "learning by doing" but unlike Moore, he incorporated textbooks into his courses. In 1969, Louis McAuley wrote of "the magical powers of Jones in the classroom—a master who breathes the very life of mathematics into his students."
References
External links
Rogers, James T. Jr, 2000, "F. Burton Jones (1910 - 1999) - An Appreciation." Includes a complete list of Jones's publications, and a brief summary of four of Jones's papers.
1910 births
1999 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
People from Cisco, Texas
Topologists
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
University of California, Riverside faculty
Harvard University staff
Mathematicians from Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.%20Burton%20Jones |
Christina Strain is an American comic book colorist, writer and screenwriter. Strain formerly worked for Marvel Comics as a colorist before pursuing a career as a writer. Strain's notable works include; the award-winning Marvel series Runaways, Marvel's Generation-X, the Syfy TV show, The Magicians, and the Netflix series Shadow and Bone.
Life
Strain was born in Seoul, South Korea on April 27, 1981. She lived in South Korea for the majority of her youth, as her mother was from Gunsan, South Korea and her father was an Air Force officer stationed in South Korea. Except for a brief three years living in Illinois, from 1983 to 1986, Strain lived in South Korea for about fifteen years, during which she lived near a military base and attended Seoul American Elementary School and High School Upon graduating high school, Strain moved back to the United States in 1999 to attend Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge where she majored in graphic design.
Strain resides in Los Angeles, California with her husband Jon Shiring, a lead engineer at Respawn Entertainment, and their adopted son.
Career
Strain got her start in comics working as a colorist for CrossGen in 2003. She was let go after two months working at CrossGen when the company began having financial problems and eventually went bankrupt in 2004. Weeks after losing her job at CrossGen, Strain began working for UDON and Aspen. Strain worked for UDON from 2003 to 2005, during which she contacted and impressed the Editor-in-Chief of UDON, Erik Ko, who helped her get a job at Marvel Comics. One of the first comics Strain worked on for Marvel was Runaways, which she worked on as an official colorist for about 6 years. Other prominent comics Strain worked on for Marvel include; Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane, S.H.I.E.L.D., and World War Hulk. Additionally, Strain colored several Jay Company exclusive comic covers such as the Grimm Fairy Tales. Strain worked as a colorist for Marvel for 8 years, before she retired at 32 and decided to go to grad school at the American Film Institute. Initially, Strain was interested in 3-D graphics, but after taking a comic-writing class she realized she really wanted to write stories, so she switched her focus to screenwriting.
While she was transitioning to a writing career, Strain collaborated with various artists to produce original works. Strain and Adrian Alphona, who previously worked together on the Marvel series Runaways, collaborated on an art book. Together they published Sweetness in 2011, consisting of random art illustrated by Aphona and colored and finished by Strain. In 2011, Strain met Jayd Aït-Kaci, an artist she long admired according to a Newsarama interview, through a mutual friend. Strain proposed that they collaborate on a webcomic and pitched various story ideas, of which Aït-Kaci liked The Fox Sister the best. Strain wrote the script for The Fox Sister and Aït-Kaci illustrated it, and they published the first few pages of The Fox Sister in July 2017 on their official website. Strain and Aït-Kaci always planned to officially publish The Fox Sister as a 9x12 hardbound comic book, and in 2012 they compiled and published the first chapter of their webcomic.
The Fox Sister takes inspiration from the Korean folklore also called the Fox Sister, and is about a kumiho, a nine-tailed fox demon. On the webcomics official website, Stain describes The Fox Sister as a "Korean Supernatural thriller/dram-edy story" set in South Korea in the 1960s. As of October 2017 Strain has completed writing the fourth and final chapter of The Fox Sister. However, The Fox Sister is officially on hiatus according to the webcomic's website, and as of December 2018, only 17 pages of chapter four have been released. The Fox Sister continues to be available to freely read online.
After her career switch from colorist to writer, Strain began working as a staff writer for the Syfy TV series, The Magicians, during its second season. As of December 2018, Strain continues to be employed as a staff writer for The Magicians. While writing for The Magicians, Strain returned to the comic book industry when Chris Robinson, the Editor of Marvel, asked her to write a short story for a Civil War anthology, Civil War II: Choosing Sides. After writing for the anthology, Strain was officially reintroduced to the comic world as a writer when she was asked to write for the rebooted X-Men series, Generation X. Strain was allowed to create her own concept and list of mutant characters for the rebooted Generation X, thus Strain came up with the concept of "lovable losers". Strain chose to feature a mix of original and already established but lesser known mutants, such as Nathaniel Carver created by Strain, and Nature Girl (Lin Li) created by Jason Latour. The relaunched Generation X series ran for a year, from 2017 to 2018 and published 11 issues, ending at No. 87 under the Marvel Legacy relaunch's numbering system .
Bibliography
Colorist
Marvel
(2003–2011)
Amazing Fantasy vol. 2, No. 15 Cover
Araña| The Heart of the Spider No. 12 Cover
Astonishing X-Men vol. 5, and No. 29
Avengers Fairy Tales No. 1, #3
Captain Britain and MI13 Annual 01
Civil War: Front Line No. 1
Daredevil: Shadowland Omnibus
Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Exodus #1
Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia
Dark Reign: Young Avengers No. 1
Daughters of the Dragon #1–6
Deadpool Classic vol. 2
Giant-Size Avengers No. 1
The Hulk 100 Project
Hulk Chronicles: WWH #2–6
I ♥ Marvel: Marvel Ai
Incredible Hercules vol. 4, vol. 5, No. 126
The Incredible Hulk vol. 14
Loners #1–5
Marvel Fairy Tales
Marvel Heroes Extra No. 7
Marvel Holiday Special 2004, 2005
Marvel Icons No. 26, #36
Marvel Mega No. 24
Marvel Monster Edition No. 35
Marvel Now!: X-Men No. 1
Marvel Tales Flip Magazine No. 15
Marvel Romance Redux: But I Thought He Loved Me! Cover
Marvel Adventures Spider-Man #16,19,20 Covers
Marvel Adventures Fantastic Four No. 13 Cover
Mary Jane #1–4
Mary Jane: Homecoming #1–4
Mighty Marvel: Women of Marvel
The Mighty World of Marvel #1–3, No. 5
Ms. Marvel No. 41
Ms. Marvel: War of the Marvels Must Have #1
New Avengers No. 13
Original of Marvel Comics: X-Men #1
Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane #1-present
Runaways (2003) vol. 2, vol. 3, #8–10,13–18
Runaways (2005) vol. 4, vol. 5, vol. 6, vol. 7, vol. 8 #1–30
Runaways Saga (2007)
Runaways (2008) vol. 9, vol. 10, vol. 11, #1–14
S.H.I.E.L.D. (2010) #1–6
S.H.I.E.L.D. (2011) Collected edition 01, and No. 4
Secret Invasion (2008)
Secret Invasion by Brian Michael Bendis Omnibus
Secret Invasion: Runaways/Young Avengers #1–3
Shadowland #1–3
Shane the She Devil: Survival of the Fittest #1
Siege: Thor
Spider-Man Fairy Tales No. 3
Spider-Man Family No. 4
Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane #1–20
Spider-Man Unlimited No. 7
Strange #1–2
Target Marvel Age Mary Jane: Circle of Friends (2004)
Thor (1996) No. 600, #604–605, #607–609
Thor (2007) vol. 2, vol. 3
Thor (2008) No. 8
Thor by J. Michael Straczynski Omnibus (2010)
Thor Giant-Size Finale No. 1
Thor: the Trial of Thor (2009) No. 1
Thor: the Trial of Thor (2017)
Uncanny X-Force vol. 1, #3–5
Uncanny X-Men
What If? Civil War vol. 4
What If? X-Men-Rise And Fall of the Shi'ar Empire No. 1
Wolverine (1989) No. 232
Wolverine (1997) No. 184
Wolverine (2003) No. 67
Wolverine By Mark Millar Omnibus (2013)
Women of Marvel Poster Book (2006)
World War Hulk (2007) #1–5
World War Hulk (2008) #1–5
World War Hulk Prologue: World Breaker (2007) #1
X-Men (1991) No. 191
X-Men (2013) vol. 1, No. 2
X-Men [FRA] (1997) No. 127, #140, No. 143, #147, No. 159, #161
X-Men [GER] (2001) No. 81, #95–96, No. 99, #105, No. 108, #113
X-Men [NL] No. 298
X-Men Extra No. 61, #100
X-Men Legacy vol. 1, # 208
X-Men Universe #2–5
X-Men: Divided We Stand No. 2
X-Men: Manifest Destiny #4–5
X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back #1–4
X-Men: Kitty Pryde-Shadow & Flame No. 1, Covers #2–5
Uncanny X-Men Annual No. 1
X-Men No. 191
Young Avengers Presents No. 4
Aspen
(2003–2005)
Aspen Seasons 2005: Spring
Fathom vol. 2, #0–4
Fathom Beginnings No. 1
Fathom: Dawn of War #0–3
Fathom Omnibus vol. 1, vol. 2
Fathom Sonderheft #3
DC
(2003–2005)
Action Comics #812–813 (separations)
Adventures of Superman #625–626 (separations)
DC Comics Presents: Supergirl/Superman #1
Love is Love
Supergirl vol. 5, No. 0
Superman vol. 2, #202–203 (separations)
Superman: Godfall (2004)
Superman/Batman vol. 2, No. 19, #3
Misc
Archard's Agents: The Case of the Puzzled Pugilist
Atomika #1–7
G.I. Joe #31–33 (Fantome Back-up Story)
Meridian #19, No. 42
Phonogram: The Singles Club #4
Shi: Illustrated Warrior No. 2, 4
Street Fighter II vol. 4
Street Fighter Tribute (2008) Artbook
Sweetness, coauthored with Adrian Alphona (line artist)
The Ultimate Graphic Novel Collection vol. 55 (#51), vol. 59 (#53)
Violent Messiahs No. 7
Jay Company exclusive covers
(Note: Many Jay Company Exclusives have multiple covers done by the same or different artists)
Grimm Fairy Tales: Return to Wonderland No. 0
Purgatori No. 1, 3
Writer
Civil War II: Choosing Sides No. 6
Generation X vol. 1, vol. 2, #1–9, #85–87
Self-published
The Fox Sister, webcomic illustrated by Jayd Aït-Kaci
Screenwriter
Wake Up (Short) (2014)
Zelos (Short) (2015)
In Pursuit (Short) (2016)
The Magicians (2017–2019)
2.07 - Plan B (2017)
2.12 - Ramifications (co-writer with David Reed, 2017)
3.10 - The Art of the Deal (2018)
4.06 - A Timeline and Place (2019)
4.11 - The 4-1-1 (co-writer with Henry Alonso Myers, 2019)
Shadow and Bone (2021)
Finding 'Ohana (2021)
References
External links
Christina Strain on IMDb
Christina Strain at the Comic Book DB
Christina Strain at the Grand Comics Database
Christina Strain: Comics at Marvel
The Fox Sister
Living people
American female comics artists
American people of Korean descent
American people of South Korean descent
Comics colorists
Artists from Seoul
1981 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina%20Strain |
Alephonsion Deng (c. 1982 - ) is a South Sudanese author and speaker. He is best known as the co-author of the book They Poured Fire on Us From the Sky: The True Story of Three Lost Boys of Sudan, along with his brother Benson, cousin Benjamin and American author Judy A. Bernstein.
In 1999 the Federal government of the United States welcomed Alephonsion as one of the Lost Boys of Sudan. His first job was at Ralph's Grocery Store where he worked for nine months. An opportunity came up to be in a Russell Crowe movie hence he spent six months on the Fox Studios set in Rosarito, Mexico where he learned to sail a tall ship, fire a cannon and sword fight. He has spoken to over 100 schools such as Queens College in Nassau, Bahamas, universities, clubs and organizations about his extraordinary story of survival in Africa, adapting to his life in the United States and his hope for peace in the world.
In 2006, Alephonsion made his stage debut in the lead role of Ater in a Mo'olelo production of Mia McCullough's drama Since Africa at San Diego's Diversionary Theatre and now appears in Across Worlds www.WayOfAdventure.org and speaks at schools around the country.
Awards
The two titles Deng has co-written have been the recipient of numerous awards.
They Poured Fire on Us From the Sky: The True Story of Three Lost Boys of Sudan:
Christopher Award Winner for Adult Books
The Washington Post Top 100 Books of 2005
American Library Association "Many Voices" Honoree
Los Angeles Times Bestseller July 2005.
American Booksellers Association Book Sense Selection May 2005.
National Conflict Resolution Center Peacemakers Award
Book Sense Summer 2006 Paperback Selection
American Library Association List - Becoming an American
San Diego Union Tribune Warwick's Top Seller September 2015 (10th Anniversary Edition)
Disturbed in Their Nests
2018 Nautilus Gold Award winner, in the category of Multicultural and Indigenous Books
External links
Author autobiography
References
1982 births
Living people
South Sudanese writers
Lost Boys of Sudan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alephonsion%20Deng |
Helsinki Seagulls is a professional basketball team, based in Helsinki, Finland. The club is playing in the Korisliiga, the highest tier of basketball in Finland.
The Seagulls were founded in 2013 and made its debut in the Korisliiga in 2014, after promoting in its first season. The team has won the Finnish Cup three times. Seagulls won their first and only Korisliiga championship to date during the 2022-23 season.
History
The team was established in 2013 and it acquired its place on the second level of Finnish basketball in Division I A after the dissolution of the Torpan Pojat men's team. The license of Torpan Pojat was then transferred to the Gulls, along with the remaining players.
The Seagulls opened their 2013-2014 season in the Division I A with winning 10 matches in a row. The team won a total of 25 of their 28 regular season games placing first in their division with Josh Gonner leading their offense with an impressive 20.5 points per game. Seagulls earned the promotion to Korisliiga after dismissing first Tampereen Pyrintö II and then BC Nokia in the division playoffs.
Seagulls started the 2022-23 season with the strongest team to date, with Americans Rene Rougeau and Jeffrey Carroll Jr. adding to an already strong team. Seagulls finished the 2022-23 regular season with a record of 25-7, and in second place behind Kauhajoki. After dominant quarter and semifinal performances against BC Nokia and Kataja Basket respectively, they advanced to the final against the defending champions Kauhajoki Karhubasket, where the Seagulls claimed their first title; defeating Karhubasket 4-2.
Honours
Korisliiga
Winners (1): 2023
Third place (4): 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022
Finnish Cup
Winners (3): 2020, 2021, 2022
Runners-up (1): 2023
Season by season
Arena
The Seagulls play their home games in the Töölö Sports Hall.
Players
Current roster
Depth chart
Notable players
Tuukka Kotti
Carl Lindbom
Antti Kanervo
Gerald Lee Jr.
Jason Conley
Raymond Cowels III
References
External links
Official website
2018-19 Korisliiga team page
Basketball teams established in 2013
Basketball teams in Finland
Sports clubs and teams in Helsinki
2013 establishments in Finland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki%20Seagulls |
The Ware Shoals Railroad was a shortline connecting the town of Ware Shoals, South Carolina, to the Southern Railway and Piedmont and Northern Railway (later Seaboard Coast Line) at Shoals Junction, South Carolina, a distance of .
History
The train carried goods to and from the textile mill located in Ware Shoals, South Carolina, but its main use was the transportation of coal. The railroad was built in 1905 by the Southern Railway, which supplied locomotives to operate the line with during the steam era. By the late 1950s, the railroad dieselized with a single ex-Southern General Electric 44-ton locomotive, numbered 1955.
The railroad ceased operations in 1985 when the textile mill begin to curtail operations. Trackage was pulled up in 1987.
References
Transportation in Abbeville County, South Carolina
Defunct South Carolina railroads
1905 establishments in South Carolina
1985 disestablishments in South Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ware%20Shoals%20Railroad |
Norm Sebastian (June 19, 1956 – December 22, 2000) was a television meteorologist whose credentials included stops at Universal Weather (White Plains, New York); The Weather Channel; and WNYT in Albany, New York.
Born in Norwich, Connecticut, Sebastian attended Lyndon State College in Lyndonville, Vermont, where he obtained his degree in meteorology. After working as a meteorologist at Westchester County Airport in White Plains, New York, Sebastian became one of the initial meteorologists at The Weather Channel when that network launched in 1982. Three years later, Sebastian followed Herb Stevens to WNYT and became the environmental reporter and weekend meteorologist at that station. In 1990, Sebastian was promoted to the weekday morning and noon newscasts which he held until his death.
A scholarship, the Norman Sebastian Scholarship in Meteorology, was named for him at his old college, Lyndon State College in Vermont.
References
http://meteorology.lyndonstate.edu/content/prospective/scholarships-normsebastain.php
American television meteorologists
Lyndon State College alumni
People from Norwich, Connecticut
1956 births
2000 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20Sebastian |
St. Dominic Savio Preparatory High School, formerly St. Dominic Savio High School, was a Roman Catholic high school located in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The school was founded in 1958 and closed in 2007.
History
The school was founded as an all-boys school in 1958 by the Salesians of Don Bosco, a Catholic religious order. Alumnus Paul Abbott recalled a day when the student body voted on whether the school should add football or hockey as a new sport:
It was 1970, the Bobby Orr era in Boston, so we chose hockey.
In 1993, the Salesians of Don Bosco closed Savio, but an alumni group led by Peter J. Bagley redesigned an education strategy, convert to a coeducational preparatory school and leased a portion of the property.
New direction
From 1995 to 2005, Savio Prep's enrollment grew to over 400 co-ed students. In 2003, a former athletic director pleaded guilty to molesting three female athletes, and in 2006 a former wrestling coach pleaded guilty to raping two students and hazing three others. Enrollment declined and finances became tight.
School closed
At the end of the 2006–2007 school year, the Salesian owners of the building did not renew the lease, citing the deteriorating condition of the building and lack of funds to repair it. Concerned parents and alumni began meeting to discuss ways to keep the school open. The group called themselves "Save Our Savio," but could never muster enough funding or support to find the school a new location. It was clear that 2006–2007 had been the last St. Dominic Savio school year.
The building now houses the Edward W. Brooke Charter School. An addition has been built on the site of the former Salesian residence.
Demographics
Heads of school
Notable alumni
Carlo Basile, member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Eddie Palladino, Boston Celtics public address announcer
Robert Travaglini, President of the Massachusetts Senate 2003–2007
Ian Bremmer, political scientist
References
High schools in Boston
Defunct Catholic secondary schools in Massachusetts
Educational institutions established in 1958
Educational institutions disestablished in 2007
East Boston
Salesian secondary schools
1958 establishments in Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savio%20Preparatory%20High%20School |
The Fordham University Press is a publishing house, a division of Fordham University, that publishes primarily in the humanities and the social sciences. Fordham University Press was established in 1907 and is headquartered at the university's Lincoln Center campus. It is the oldest Catholic university press in the United States, and the seventh-oldest in the nation.
It has been a member of the Association of University Presses since 1938, and it was a founding charter member of the Association of Jesuit University Presses (AJUP). The press was established "not only to represent and uphold the values and traditions of the University itself, but also to further those values and traditions through the dissemination of scholarly research and ideas".
History
Fordham University Press was established in 1907. After the close of the university's medical school in 1922, the press operated under the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and began publishing textbooks in education, English, law, philosophy, and psychology.
The press was headquartered in the Canisius Hall building in the Rose Hill campus for over 100 years. In March 2017, the press relocated from its original headquarters at the university's Rose Hill campus in the Bronx to the Lincoln Center campus in Manhattan.
Series
Initiatives
The American Literatures Initiative
The Modern Language Initiative
Bestselling publications
Greek: An Intensive Course by Hardy Hansen and Gerald Quinn
Autobiography of St. Ignatius Loyola by John C. Olin
Deconstruction in a Nutshell by John D. Caputo
Giving an Account of Oneself by Judith Butler
Love of Learning and Desire for God by Jean Leclercq, O.S.B.
Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free by Alexander Jefferson
Under the Sidewalks of New York by Brian Cudahy
Byzantine Theology by John Meyendorff
Irish Brigade and Its Campaign by David P. Conyngham
An Aquinas Reader Edited by Mary T. Clark
The Street Book by Henry Moscow
The Search for Major Plagge by Michael Good
See also
List of English-language book publishing companies
List of university presses
References
External links
Official site
University Press
Association of Jesuit University Presses
University presses of the United States
1907 establishments in New York City
Publishing companies established in 1907
Book publishing companies based in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordham%20University%20Press |
The following is a list of ice hockey players from Slovakia who played or are playing in the National Hockey League (NHL). It is sorted by all-time points scored.
Since the 1958–59 season, 88 Slovak forwards and defencemen have played at least one game in the NHL. Also, five goalies native to Slovakia have appeared in games.
At the top of this list, there is additionally the unranked Stan Mikita. Stan Mikita was born in Slovakia, but left at the age of eight. He learned to play hockey in Canada and represented Canada internationally, so his first place may be disputed by some sources. All other players started their pro-careers in Europe.
Active players currently playing in the NHL are in bold.
– Player has won a Stanley Cup.
All-time scoring leaders
Statistics are correct to the end of 2022-23.
Goalies
See also
List of NHL players
List of NHL statistical leaders by country
Slovakia national ice hockey team
External links
Slovak NHL Player Leaderboard
Slovaks
NHL | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Slovaks%20in%20the%20NHL |
Camp Grafton is the main Army National Guard installation in North Dakota. The base, located near Devils Lake, North Dakota, was founded in 1904 as the Rock Island Military Reservation, but later renamed after Gilbert C. Grafton.
History
Camp Grafton of the North Dakota Army National Guard in Devils Lake, North Dakota is an ARNG Major Training Center. In 1904 some near Devils Lake was ceded to the State of North Dakota by the federal government for use as a permanent military reservation for the North Dakota National Guard. The camp was known as the Rock Island Military Reservation, (later renamed Camp Gilbert C. Grafton in 1921).
Geography
Devils Lake, the largest natural body of water in North Dakota, has been getting larger every year since 1993, much to the frustration of area residents. Rising water threatens to flood the city of Devils Lake, Camp Grafton, roads, fields, sewage treatment plants, and other human facilities. Devils Lake has a long history of fluctuating water levels. Water levels have risen over , flooding pasture, farmland, homes, businesses, and roads. The fluctuating water level of Devils Lake has been a concern to area residents for a number of years. In 1983, then Governor Olson issued a Disaster Emergency Proclamation for the area due to the damage to roads and property caused by flooding (Bluemle, 1983). A drought that began in 1988 caused the lake level to decline again.
Camp Grafton (South)
In 1983 the North Dakota National Guard received funding from the state legislature to purchase land in Eddy County. Today the "new" training area is known as Camp Grafton South. In 1997 the training facility located at Camp Grafton (South) was designated as the Major General C. Emerson Murry regional live fire and maneuver training center, though it remained a part of the overall Camp Grafton training complex. Major General C. Emerson Murry served in the North Dakota national guard from 1955 to 1984, and served as adjutant general from 1975 to 1984.
Camp Grafton (South Unit) (CGS) consists of of a transitional grassland ecosystem. Transitional grasslands contain both tall grass prairies of the east and mixed grass prairies of the west. CGS is one of the largest contiguous areas of transitional grasslands North Dakota. Grazing has been the predominant use of the training area since 1920. Cattle grazing mimics the prehistoric grazing by herbivores (elk and bison). The rolling hills of transitional grasslands are a tremendous training area for open-area combat arms maneuvers necessary for our mechanized engineer and air defense artillery units. To maintain the transitional grassland ecosystem, grazing licenses are auctioned to local ranchers; providing income, which is, reinvested back into the training site. The transitional grassland ecosystem is seriously threatened by leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), an introduced weed. The primary control in the past has been concentrated use of 2,4-D and picloram herbicides. In the past five years, the North Dakota Army National Guard, in partnership with the Range Science Department of North Dakota State University has implemented an integrated pest management plan to control leafy spurge using cultural and chemical controls. The cultural controls consist of grazing spurge tolerant sheep on heavily infested sites, and treating small concentrations through chemical application. The NDARNG is expected to reduce herbicide costs by 79% over the next six years, with a realization of increased grass production of 50%. The USDA in other trials throughout the United States is implementing this integrated plan of combined cultural and chemical treatment.
External links
GlobalSecurity.org page on Camp Grafton
Installations of the United States Army National Guard
Buildings and structures in Ramsey County, North Dakota
Military installations in North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Grafton |
Cañada College is a public community college in Redwood City, California. It is located on in the western part of Redwood City. It is one of the smallest community colleges in the San Francisco Bay Area.
History
In 1957, the San Mateo Junior College District Board of Trustees developed a 25-year district master plan based on the recommendations of a citizens' advisory committee, and the same year submitted a $5.9 million bond issue to voters that was approved by a three-to-one margin.
The bond issue victory cleared the way for prompt acquisition of the present College of San Mateo campus and also provided funds for purchase of a site west of Skyline Boulevard and south of Sharp Park Road in San Bruno. A third site of west of the Farm Hill subdivision on the Redwood City-Woodside line, was purchased in 1962.
The current College of San Mateo campus was opened in 1963, followed by Cañada College in 1968, and Skyline College, San Bruno, in 1969. Construction of Cañada and Skyline was made possible in large part from proceeds from a second bond issue of $12.8 million approved by district voters in March, 1964.
Educational and architectural planning for Cañada was accomplished in 1964-66 and proceeded on the theory that a first phase for at least 2,000 students should be designed to permit expansion ultimately to 8,000 day students. Grading of the site began in 1966, and the building construction contract was awarded in April, 1967. The first classes – for 2,000 students – were held in September, 1968.
Cañada College is named after Cañada road that connects the college to Crystal Springs Reservoir to the North and Woodside, California to the South. The name Cañada is Spanish for a small canyon, glen, or ravine. The ravine is now filled with drinking water.
The total cost to build the campus was $12.2 million. The of buildings cost to build.
Academics
The college offers more than 40 instructional programs under three instructional divisions: Business, Design & Workforce; Humanities & Social Sciences; and Science & Technology.
Cañada is a regional center for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. Through its STEM focus, it has developed partnerships with the NASA and San Francisco State University.
The college has a number of programs to support underrepresented and economically disadvantaged students.
Sports
Cañada won state championships in men's tennis in 1977, 1978, 1982, 1983, and 1993. The school won a men's golf state championship in 1988.
The Women's golf team won the Central Conference Championship in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013. The also won the NorCal Championship in 2012 and 2013 and finished third at the state championship in 2012 and 2013.
Sports offered at the college include baseball, men's basketball, women's golf, men's soccer, women's soccer, women's tennis, and women's volleyball.
Notable alumni
Moisés Alou (born 1966), Major League Baseball outfielder
Cara Black, author
Anna Eshoo, U.S. Representative, earned an associate degree from Cañada College in 1975
Bob Melvin (born 1961), Major League Baseball catcher and manager of the San Francisco Giants
Stevie Nicks (born 1948), singer-songwriter and part of the music group Fleetwood Mac, attended Cañada College in 1966-67
Harold Reynolds (born 1960), Major League Baseball player and MLB Network sports analyst
Ken Rinaldo, installation artist working with technology and professor at Ohio State University, graduated from Cañada College in Computer Science
Notable faculty
Lev Kirshner, soccer player and soccer coach
See also
California Community Colleges system
References
External links
California Community Colleges
Universities and colleges established in 1968
Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
Universities and colleges in San Mateo County, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ada%20College |
The Ó h-Anluain (anglicised as O'Hanlon) family was an agnatic extended family comprising one of a string of dynasts along the Ulster-Leinster border. Depending on the advantage to the clan, the Chief of the Name—The O'Hanlon—supported either the Earl of Tyrone or authorities within the English Pale. During the 15th century, ties were close with the famed Earls of Kildare. Frequently, members of the clan would fight on both sides during a rebellion. Some would be outlawed; others pardoned; some ending up on the winning side.
The heart of "O'Hanlon's Countrie" was centered on south central Ulster, much of it being in what is now the Republic of Ireland. The first O'Hanlon on record is Flaithbheartach Ua h-Anluain, lord of Ui Niallain, whose murder in the year 983 AD is recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters.
The anglicised version of the name is usually given as Hanlon or O'Hanlon, but there are many variants: Handlon, Handlan, Hanlan, Hanlen, Hanlin, Hanlyn etc. Occasionally some variants of the names Hanly, Hanley and Handly are also derived from Ó h-Anluain, although Hanly is usually the anglicised form of Ó h-Ainle, an ancient Roscommon sept (the oldest on record is Donal O'Hanly, Bishop of Dublin from 1085 to 1096).
O'Hanlon's Country
The ancestors of the Ó h-Anluain sept originated in the kingdom of Airgialla. By the 5th century A.D. the sept held territory in and around the modern barony of Oneilland, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, on the southwest shore of Lough Neagh. As the O'Neills rose in prominence from Dungannon to the west, the O'Hanlons moved to territory west of Armagh City. For half a millennium, they served as kings of Orior. The chieftain's name was synonymous with the territory which was better known as "O'Hanlon's Country". It comprised about one-third of modern County Armagh, predominantly the eastern third, and also included a large tract of County Louth, from Faughart to Ravensdale, and then over the Cooley mountains to Omeath near Carlingford. The peak of land acquisition was in 1504; in 1505 the territory beyond the Gap of the North was granted to the Earl of Kildare. Two of the earliest maps of Ulster, Jobson's Ulster maps (c. 1590) and Norden's map of Ireland (1610), both show O'Hanlon's Country. In 1586, when Sir John Perrot created the County of Armagh, O'Hanlon's country accounted for one of the five baronies: Armaghe, Toaghriny, Orier, Fuighes (Fews) and Onylane (O'Neilland). In later times "Orier" became the Baronies of Orior Upper and Orior Lower, the southernmost two of Armagh's eight Baronies. It is often overlooked that the Gaelic territory of Orior predates and extended beyond the Barony of that name in County Armagh. O'Hanlon's Country extended southwards into northern County Louth and to the East it encroached slightly into County Down. Before the county lines were finalised, some old maps show the old O'Hanlon seat of Loughgilly in County Down.
O'Hanlon strongholds
Anciently, the O'Hanlons – when sitting as kings of Aithir – kept their residence, and the sept's assembly, at Loughgall (Loch gCál), north of Armagh city. Even after the sept moved east toward Loughgilly, Loughgall was retained as a summer residence. When Edmond Mortimer arrived in Ireland in 1380 as Lord Justice, the chief O'Hanlon was recorded as amongst the righdamhna (those eligible to become a tanist, or heir-apparent, of an Irish kingdom) that were required to pay their court to him. The rock of Tanderagee rose to support the family's castle. Having secured the northern lowlands of County Armagh and the highlands approaching and surrounding the Ring of Gullion, the O'Hanlons located the chieftain's gateway strongholds on the approaches from Armagh and eastern Ulster in the north, and Dublin and the English Pale in the south." The northern roads converged on the modern-day village of Tandragee; the approaches from Dublin and the English Pale had to force the Gap of the North, and the chieftain's stronghold adjacent to Forkill at Mullagh. The third stronghold, Mullaghglass, guarded the road north from the English frontier town of Newry. Closer to the center of the O'Hanlon lands than Tanderagee and Forkill, Mullaghglass is also the easternmost edge of a tract of land stretching from the Newry vale to the Fews, passing Camlough lake and the northern slope of Sliab Gullion, to which the sept retreated after the fall of the Gaelic order.
Despite surrender and regrant under her father, Queen Elizabeth I confiscated O’Hanlon territory in 1571, granting all of Orior to a Captain Thomas Chatterton. He was unable to found a settlement as required, and had his grant revoked, with Sir Eochaidh "Oghy" O’Hanlon of Tanderagee able to reassert control over south Armagh.
After the Plantation of Ulster, Oliver St John (the Lord Deputy of Ireland) took over and rebuilt O'Hanlon Castle. During the Ulster Rebellion of 1641 the clan attempted to take back their former lands, however failed with the castle burnt down. Having passed out of the family it became known as Tandragee Castle and remained a ruin for 200 years, until it was completely rebuilt by the Comtes de Salis, and later the Dukes of Manchester.
Various branches of the O'Hanlon sept
After the Battle of the Boyne, those holding the O'Hanlon and Hanlon names diverged socially, some assimilating into colonial Irish society and others staying rooted to their Gaelic past. The years 1590 to 1690 mark a century dividing past and present. Prior to those years, there was only one "Gaelic" sept. After those years, each branch of the family chose—or was forced to choose—to remain tied to their aboriginal identity or to be identified with the Irish colonial elite. The O'Hanlons had always been marchland brokers between the English Pale and the Gaelic north. Now they were forced to divide themselves along those lines. Two members of the sept best personify these widening challenges: Sir Eochaidh "Oghy" O'Hanlon and the Tory outlaw, Count Aodh Ruadh ("Redmond") O'Hanlon.
Sir Eochaidh "Oghy" Ó Hanlon
The origins of the colonial O’Hanlons lay in two sons of Sean, The O’Hanlon (c. 1510–1575). In addition to Sir Eochaidh O’Hanlon, last of the Name, there was also his brother, Feidliminh, and his four sons. All supported the Tudor monarchy, more or less, during the Nine Years' War and were granted lands in south Armagh for their loyalty to the Crown.
Eochaidh "Oghy" O'Hanlon, son of Shane Oge O'Hanlon, maintained his seat at Tandragee, near modern Poyntzpass, County Armagh. Oghy was lord of the baronies of Orior Lower and Orior Upper, and by Irish tradition (Brehon law) Chief of his name. In 1595, he married the sister of the Earl of Tyrone. This made his son and heir, Eochaidh Óg O'Hanlon, great-grandson to the Earl of Kildare. Young Oghy was also a great-grandson of Conn O'Neill, Prince of Ulster, and all the ties to the Gaelic aristocracy that entailed. When he was exiled to service under the King of Sweden, he took the blood of Irish and English kings with him.
Queen Elizabeth operated a policy of surrender and regrant to Irish nobles, where the Gaelic chiefs surrendered their lands, but were re-granted them with an English title after swearing allegiance to the Crown and promising to abide by English laws and customs. Amongst those who did was Hugh O'Neill in 1587 who was given the English title Earl of Tyrone. Eochaidh followed his example and had his lands re-granted by letters of the patent in the same year. He became a Knight under English law, "Sir" Eochaidh Oghy O'Hanlon, hereditary royal standard-bearer north of the River Boyne. Though an English peer, Eochaidh never made the cultural transition. He kept his Gaelic ways. As John O'Donovan edited into O'Daly's Tribes of Ireland,
Spenser was referring to the Gaelic proverb, applied when someone was heavily native in their appearance and actions. Such people
were "as Irish as O'Hanlon's breech." Spenser was not denigrating The O'Hanlon, as much as he was noting that erstwhile English families such as the Fitzsimons of counties Cavan and Down, had 'gone native' over the years.
Redmond O'Hanlon
Born around 1640 in Poyntzpass, O'Hanlon's Country, Count Redmond O'Hanlon was the son of Loughlin O'Hanlon. As a young man he worked as a footboy to Sir George Acheson of Markethill, but became fiercely anti-English. He spent several years in exile with the French army and tried to organise a French invasion of Ireland to depose the British. He was popular in France where he was reportedly awarded the courtesy title of Count O'Hanlon (the English title was extinguished in the family with the death of Sir Eochaidh O'Hanlon; the family lost Tandragee castle during the Plantation of Ulster in 1609). When the French negotiations failed, Redmond returned to Armagh in 1671 and became a notorious highwayman or rapparee. A real-life Robin Hood, Redmond robbed the English settlers, extorted protection money from the Scots, and was adored by the largely Catholic peasantry. A letter from the era states that his criminal activities were bringing in more money than the King's revenue collectors, and therefore the outlaw Count was easily able to bribe military officers and public officials. In 1674 the government of King Charles II put a price on his head with posters advertising for his capture, dead or alive. He was eventually murdered in his sleep by his foster brother and close associate Art MacCall O'Hanlon at Eight Mile Bridge near Hilltown on 25 April 1681. Art received a full pardon and two hundred pounds for murdering his leader. As had become the custom in English-ruled Ireland, there were gruesome displays of his body parts including his head which was placed on a spike over Downpatrick jail. His remains are said to lie in a family plot in the Church of Ireland cemetery in Letterkenny, County Donegal.
Aboriginal
Following the Plantation of Ulster, Ó Hanlon control over land in County Armagh dwindled. At the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1641, two members of the sept still held land under English law. Aodh Buide O'Hanlon held the largest tract, 2,045 acres stretching from the northern slope of Sliab Gullion northwest toward Belleeks at the edge of the Fews. And Padraig MacRory Ó Hanlon held another 133 acres. The acreage held by Aodh Buide and Padraig Ó h-Anluain lay at the center of those lands associated with the family over the next two centuries.
Passing as ascendancy
Following the Act for the Settlement of Ireland (1652) and the Penal Laws following the defeat of James II, the descendants of Sir Eochaidh and his people of the Ó Hanlon nation could only hold land, or even leases, if they conformed to the rites of the Church of Ireland. Adherents to the Roman rite could not practice law, could not bear arms, and could not serve in public office. Following the Battle of the Boyne, Tandragee became the heart of the Order of the Orange. The Ó Hanlons remaining in County Armagh retreated to Armagh City or their former heartland in the south, in and around the parish of Killevy.
The O'Hanlons of Newry. Among those who conformed to the Church of Ireland's rites were the Ó Hanlons of Newry, direct descendants of Padraig Mór Ó h-Anluain, a son of Eochaidh Óg Ó h-Anluain, the last lord of Orior and heir to Sir Eochaidh. Padraig's son, Edmond, served under James II. His son, Felix, remained in Killevy parish as the Jacobite officers followed the King into exile, as did Felix's son, Edmond. By the second half of the 18th century, this branch relocated to the town of Newry. Hugh of Newry's (1721–1807) sons conformed, and one, Padraig, was admitted to the Irish bar. He served first as a Magistrate for Cos. Tyrone and Armagh. In 1808, Orangemen circulated information in Dublin Castle against his loyalty. He was cleared on inquest by the Duke of Richmond.
Following his move to Mill Street in the 18th century, Hugh O’Hanlon headed the most notable Roman Catholic family in Newry. Hugh was a direct descendant of Sir Eochaidh, and through him the lords of Orior. The family moved down east from south Armagh's hill communities to the west. Hugh's father was Hugh Ruadh O’Hanlon of Killeavy and his uncle was the "Bard of Armagh", Patrick Donnelly, Bishop of Dromore (1679–1716). This branch of the family took part in the Volunteer Movement. Hugh of Newry served on Dublin's Catholic Committee. He is also thought to have founded, in part, the Bank of Newry, dying in 1808. The O’Hanlon vault in Newry's Saint Mary's Cemetery bears the O’Hanlon coat-of-arms.
Hugh Padraig O’Hanlon, Jr., eldest son of Hugh of Newry, was admitted to the bar after the ban against Roman Catholics was lifted, and was known locally as "Counselor O’Hanlon". The Counselor was a member of the Volunteer Movement, but was radicalized and moved briefly out of the colonial circle of his father, becoming an Irish nationalist of United Ireland. Moving the Newry branch into the nationalist, republican camp, Hugh, Jr. was friend and acquaintance to Theobald Wolfe Tone, mentioned in the Tone's diaries. O’Hanlon became publican of the Crown Inn at 106–108 Hill Street, Newry, where the local chapter of the United Irishmen was formed and met. Though many United men were reprised against following the defeats at the Battle of Ballynahinch and the Battle of Vinegar Hill, Hugh and his brother escaped censure. In 1812, Hugh, Jr. supported the failed campaign of John Philpot Curran, Master of the Rolls, as Member of Parliament (Westminster) for Newry. At a dinner in Curran's honour, held at the Whitecross Hotel in Margaret Street, Hugh was lauded for efforts made on behalf of the Patriot-lawyer's election.
During Daniel O’Connell's agitation for Catholic Emancipation through repeal of the remaining apartheid laws, Hugh, Jr. campaign furiously for religious tolerance and equal protection of the laws. In 1826, however, he departed for colonial India. He became a leading barrister. In 1846, he raised funds in Calcutta for Famine relief. Hugh O’Hanlon III, Counselor O’Hanlon's eldest son, returned from colonial service in India to become a London barrister in the Irish Colonial Office at Westminster. There, Hugh III founded Ireland's system of local government through a pilot program for Newry in the form of a Westminster bill, for "Better Lighting, Watching, Cleansing and Paving". The legislative system proved so successful that it was applied nationally. Hugh III was then applied Law Advisor to Dublin Castle, a peak appointment in the colonial order. Other sons of Hugh, Jr. included Pringle, who served in the First Bengal Cavalry; another, Edward, died in colonial service at Rangoon, in the British East Indies.
The O'Hanlons of Dublin. Included among those who also passed into Irish colonial society was the Colonel Ó Hanlon of 1821, who petitioned to resume Sir Eochaidh O'Hanlon's honorary position as Royal Standard Bearor to the King (or Queen) "north of the river Boyne". During the visit of George IVth to Ireland in 1821, the Colonel was permitted to resume the position. George the IVth was the first English monarch to visit the Irish colony since Richard II.
The O'Hanlons of Louth. Eoghan H. Hanlon of Roodstown, County Louth Ireland emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts. He became a saddle maker and a principal of Hanlon & Bradstreet, saddler and harnessmakers. Eoghan was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, as served in the company with H.R.H. Albert Edward, Prince of Wales.
The O'Hanlon title
The lands between the strongholds enclosed the "creaght" of the sept, the unit of land under Gaelic law used for the pasturing and seasonal droving of the nation's herds. Governing the creaghts and strongholds for the sept was the Chief of the Name, "The Ó Hanlon." Under Gaelic law, all male relations sharing the same great grandmother with the dying Chieftain were eligible for "acclaimation" as the next Chief of the Name at the sept's coronation stone, Cairn Magha at Clontygora, or "the Slaughter Stone".
The O'Hanlon ruled the eastern portion of the medieval kingdom of Oirghialla, capitaled at Clones in modern County Monaghan. To him fell the duty of protecting Oirghialla's eastern march against Ulstermen pushed to the seaboard in the 5th century, Common Era. The region stretched from Lough Neagh's shore adjacent to the Tyrone/Armagh border all the way to Carlingford Lough. It was called Croich na n'Airthear, i.e. regio Orientalium, later preserved in the names attached to the baronies of Orior.
The title "The O'Hanlon" was extinguished at English law, and the last Chief of the Name took the English title, "Baron of Orior". The Ó Hanlon title (Barony) is believed to have died with that first holder, Sir Oghy (Eocha) Ó Hanlon in 1600. At the time Sir Eochaidh's death, his heir, Eochaidh "Ochy" Og, was leading the Ó Hanlons fighting with the Earl of Tyrone the Nine Years' War (1596–1603) against the English Crown and its colonial elite in the Pale. As such, the title could not pass to the Baron's heir. Oghie Oge's omission from the plantation would appear to confirm this. As would the inclusion of Oghie Oge's two sons Felim and Brian as a single entry; if either of them had inherited a title, they would surely have been listed separately. Oghie Oge was still alive at the time of the Plantation. Ee only died in 1611, fighting for the King of Sweden against the Poles.
The Public Record Office of Northern Ireland has an early patent of 1609 (Document ref. D/1854) in which King James I grants to Patrick O'Hanlon in perpetuity various towns and lands near Mountnorris, County Armagh. It is unknown if this is one of the two Patrick Hanlons named above in the plantation, and/or if this might refer to the seven townlands granted to the descendants of Sir Oghy Ó Hanlon. Whatever their history, the lands did not remain in Ó Hanlon hands for long: the Mountnorris estate shortly afterwards became the property of Francis Annesley, 1st Viscount Valentia (an Englishman).
As for the title "The O'Hanlon", it existed at Gaelic law, not English, or even the Irish law developed after the declaration of the Republic. Presumably, a gathering of the O'Hanlons could still declare one of their own "The O'Hanlon", Gaelic An t-Anluain, in the same manner of other septs and clans.
Heraldry
Though regarded as Irish sept arms now, the arms historically associated with the Gaelic O'Hanlon sept are thought to have been adopted by Sir Eochaidh O'Hanlon at the time of Surrender and Regrant under Henry Tudor. The arms may incorporate older sept icons, such as the boar, the lizard, and the earthen mound.
1: The O'Hanlon Blazon and Coat of Arms
According to Burke's General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, the O'Hanlon/Hanlon name has four blazons registered (pages 453 & 752). The four blazons are:
Argent on a mount vert, a boar passant proper, armed or.
Vert on a mount in base proper a boar passant ermine.
Gules, three crescents argent.
Gules, three plates argent.
The first two are for the descendants of the O'Hanlons of Armagh. These are those most often seen and are shown below. The third is used by the Hanlons of Kent, England, and the fourth by another Hanlon branch in England; these last two are very rarely seen.
Ó Hanlon Coat of Arms (1) The Boar is the symbol of Bravery and ermine signifies nobility or royalty. Ó Hanlon Coat of Arms (2)
The boar was an ancient Celtic motif used well before medieval heraldry came into being to symbolise courage, aggression and savagery. This choice for the Ó Hanlons of Armagh would have been a none-too-subtle message implying Gaelic defiance and hinting at the Ó Hanlons' military strength and courage.
2: The Ó Hanlon crest
"A lizard displayed vert" is the crest described in Burke's General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. This crest appears on the Hanlon tomb of 1708 in Letterkenny, County Donegal.
A hand grasping a dagger appears on the Ó Hanlon tomb of 1759 in Newtown Cemetery, Lordship, County Louth.
3: The Ó Hanlon motto
This varies from family to family, but the following are known to have been used:
Sine Macula: translates to "without stain" or "untainted".
Le dsais: translates to "By all means". (Source: website quoting Irish Family Mottoes by Tomas O'Baoill).
Re Et Merito: translates to "By Reality and Merit". (Source: 1759 Ó Hanlon tomb in County Louth.)
4: The Ó Hanlon war cry
"Ard Cullaigne Abaugh!” or "Defend the Wooded Heights," thought to refer to the Gap of the North. The Gap was a gateway to Ulster from the English Pale, and the duty to hold it for the Gaels was historically assigned to the men of Orior.
History
Origins of the Ua h-Anluain Sept
Niall of the Nine Hostages, the Three Collas & The Milesian Genealogies
The Ua hAnluain sept according to Irish tradition and legend descend from Eochaidh Dubhlen, who had three sons in the 4th century AD known as The Three Collas:
Muireadach, or Colla da Chrioch (Colla Fo Críth) : "Colla of the two territories".
Carioll, or Colla Uais : "Colla the Noble", 121st Monarch of Ireland.
Meann, or, Colla Meann : "Colla the Famous".
Colla da Crioch appears in the Milesian genealogies as the 91st in his line and died in 357 AD. His descendant Anluain appears nine generations later as the 100th, probably born around the end of the 7th century AD The name Anluain comes from the Gaelic words 'an' = the (emphatic) and 'luain' = of the Moon, the brilliance of, the glittering of a flashing sword, thus 'great champion.' It appears that the 104th in this line, Anluain's great great grandson Flaitheartach Ua'h-Anluain (Laverty O'Hanlon), was the first to use the Ua'h-Anluain surname. (See Milesian genealogy below.) Clann Ua'h-Anluain (in English: Clan O'Hanlon) are therefore the descendants of Anluain.
332 C.E. The Ultonians of Ulster are defeated on the fields of Farney, by the three Collas, brothers who subsequently divided their conquered swordlands between them, which would become the over-kingdom of Airgialla.
470 C.E. Colla dna Crioch, had a descendant, Daire. son of Finnchad. Daire lived on a hill amidst the drumlins of north County Armagh, south of Lough Neagh on the approaches to the Blackwater river. Saint Patrick asked for the hill, a place to site his cathedral.
500 C.E. According to some accounts the O’Hanlons held the territory around Saint Patrick's future settlement at Armagh and was descended through Niallan. Daire, common ancestor to the septs O’Hanlon, MacMahon, Maguire and McCann offered Saint Patrick a church site lower down on the hill on which the chieftain's rath was located. This was the site of Patrick's first Church. Once Daire was converted, the Saint was given the hill-top site, including the rath. Daire, ancestor to the O’Hanlons, endowed the bishop with lands surrounding the town to support its inhabitants. A group of twenty townlands were given to the church at a very early date, including the historic capital of Ulster, Navan Fort.
This line was committed to memory by bards and was eventually transcribed when the first missionaries brought writing to Ireland in the 5th century AD. The ancient writings from the 5th century onwards were compiled in 1632–1636 by a Franciscan friar, Michael O'Clery, into a volume which became known as the Milesian genealogies and survived to modern times.
Ua'h-Ainlighe sept
The Ua'h-Ainlighe sept has its roots in the ancient recesses of the Roscommon Area and is associated with the tribe of Cinel Dobtha, or O'Hanley of Doohey Hanley, to which also belong the MacCoilidh family
The MacCoilidh family, whose name was anglicized to Cox in the early years of the seventeenth century, were hereditary custodians of Saint Berach crosier, and were considered as 'lay abbots' of Kilbarry. The crosier is now in the Dublin Museum.
The Ó Hanlons in the Milesian genealogies
Generation numbers as given in the Milesian genealogies.
The Surname O'Hanlon
The O'Hanlons are cited throughout Ireland's ancient texts under the clan's ancient name of Ua'h-Anluain. The name means descendants of Anluain. Anluain was the head of one of the septs of Ui'Niallan, the descendants of Niallan. He was probably born around the end of the 7th century. The first mention of the name O’Hanlon (Ui Anluain) was in the first millennium, in the year 938 in the Annals of the Four Masters, which states: M983.6 Flaithbheartach Ua hAnluain, lord of Ui-Niallain, was treacherously slain by the Ui-Breasail.
The Kingdom of Airgialla
By 1004 The O’Hanlons are the de jure rulers of territory beginning at the townlands supporting the bishop at Armagh and stretching in an arc south and east to the mountains overlooking Viking settlements on Carlingford Lough. The last High King of Ireland, Brian Boru, makes a royal visit to Orior and Armagh in 1004, assessing the Viking presence. A decade later, Brian Boru defeated the combined forces of the Norsemen at Clontarf, assisted by The O’Hanlon. The king died at Clontarf. His body was carried through Orior on its way to interment at Armagh.
In 1150, the O’Hanlon chief had established himself as Lord of Oneillland (north County Armagh). Oneilland was the kingdom of Airgialla's northeastern outpost, adjacent to the kingdom of Tyrone and the Earldom of Ulster.
The Kingdom of Airthir
In the south east of Airghialla lay the Kingdom of Airthir, meaning Eastern (i.e. Eastern Airghialla). This was the stronghold of the Ua'h-Anluain. Airthir covered a large tract of what is now southern County Armagh, spilling over slightly into Counties Down, Louth and Monaghan. The Kingdom of Airthir was also known as Ind-tÁirthir, Oirthir and later Orior. The following were chiefs;
Donnchad Ó hAnluain
Ardghal Ó hAnluain
Gilla Patraig Ó hAnluain (also Kings of Airgíalla)
Murchadh Ó hAnluain
Cu Uladh Ó hAnluain
Eachmarcach Ó hAnluain
Cu Ulad Ó hAnluain
Niall Ó hAnluain
Magnus Ó hAnluain
Niall Ó hAnluain
The Middle Ages
By the Middle Ages Clann Ua'h-Anluain was one of Ireland's dynastic families and the clann's deeds are thoroughly documented in The Annals of The Four Masters, The Annals of Ulster, The Annals of Connacht and Mac Carthaigh's Book. They are cited as medieval chiefs of Ui Meith Tiri, Lords of Airthir, and occasionally Kings of Uí Nialláin, and Lords of Airghialla. (See Hanlons in ancient Irish texts for citations).
End of The Kingdom of Airghialla
The over-kingdom of Airgialla, which had gradually come under the domination of the Cenel Eoghain and pushed southwards, shrunk further in the advance of the Normans in the late 12th and early 13th century. Almost all of the Airgiallan sub-kingdom of Airthir was retained by the Ó Hanlons who lost only the southern tip of their territory to the Normans. The O'Hanlons continued to rule Orior without interruption for the next four centuries and were known henceforth as the lords of Orior.
The O'Hanlons lost the town of Dundalk in the south of Airthir (modern day County Louth), but were allowed to stay as paying tenants. The town's coat of arms still has an ermine boar representing the O'Hanlons supporting a shield with the De Verdon coat of arms.
1246. The O’Hanlons move south from Oneilland. Murrough O’Hanlon is described as "Lord of Orier". Orier included most of modern-day eastern County Armagh, stretching well into Louth, and over the Cooley mountains to the shore of Carlingford Lough.
1254. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, "The O’Hanlon" is listed among the Ulster chieftains to whom the English King Henry III appealed for aid in his war against the Scots.
1273. Eochaidh "Eochy" O’Hanlon is listed as 'king of Orghialla'. It is the first known use of the name "Eochaidh" by the O'Hanlons, which means "horseman" or "jockey" in Gaelic. The name persists in the sept through the 17th century.
1285. Edward I sends The O’Hanlon a robe as a gift.
1312. Edward II styles The O’Hanlon, Nigellus, as "Duke of Orior".
1310. The O’Hanlon imposed 'black rents' upon English colonists living in and around Dundalk. Black Rent was insurance against incursions and other plundering; a colonist paid the rent, The O’Hanlon did not raid them in response to their trespass. It is thought that he levied the rent over areas south of Dundalk, too.
1314–1315. The O’Hanlon sept changes allegiances when Edward Bruce, in support of his brother Robert Bruce, in his war against the English, invaded Ireland and swept southwards. Bruce had seized O’Hanlon's son and heir, sent him to Scotland and demanded The O’Hanlon's good faith.
1321. Manus O’Hanlon, lord of Orior, is blinded by sept members under the leadership of his kinsman, Niall, son of Cu-Uladh O’Hanlon, on Spy Wednesday. Niall becomes lord of Orior, submitting to Edward III. The men of Dundalk march north and kill Niall.
1341. The men of Dundalk entered into a treaty with The O’Hanlon, formalizing the payment of Black Rent, and the document is approved by Edward III.
23 April 1346. Edward III grants protection to the O’Hanlon sept, security in their territorial lands, and in their possessions. But they must 'behave'.
c. 1350. Recorded in the Register of Archbishop Sweteman, "Malachy O’Hanloyn, King of Erthyr" was admonished to restore certain goods and clothing taken by a member of the O’Hanlon sept from the Archbishop's retinue.
1366. The Archbishop of Armagh several times excommunicated Malachy O’Hanlon, with all the members of the sept, as thieves of Church goods. A 7 December 1366 entry in the Archbishop's ledger notes that the O’Hanlons promised amendment and restitution, upon absolution, and they behaved worse and were again sentenced.
18 September 1367. Recorded in the Register of Archbishop Sweteman, "O’Handeloyn had prevented the clergy of the Cathedral from performing divine service in the church and had hindered and despoiled them". O’Hanlon deceived the Archbishop, even after receiving absolution for past crimes.
1380. The O’Hanlon, lord of Orior, was slain along with many English allies in a battle against the Magennis of Iveagh.
1391. The O’Hanlon, lord of Orior, is killed in an inter-sept civil war.
15th century: Henry VII & VIII
1407. Archbishop Fleming's Register records on 1 May that the Archbishop excommunicated "Argallus O’Hanlan, Captain of his Nation, Malachy O’Hanlan and Odo McLoy, together with their familiar aiders and abettors, for various injuries inflicted upon himself and his tenants, especially for the slaying of Maurice Ddowgenan, his tenant and falconer". Fleming instructed the clergy to post "the excommunication and interdict on Sunday and festivals in all their churches and market places, while clad in albs and stoles, with cross erect, bells and candles, until further order". At the same time he warned "all, English and Irish, within his diocese to refrain from conversation, eating or drinking with the above-named persons, and desired that they should not be sold bread, beer, salt or any of the necessities of life".
1422. The O’Hanlon and the sept joined a predominantly Ulster-manned force, accompanying the Lord Deputy and English colonial allies on an expedition into Connachta.
1423. The O’Hanlon, with the Ulster Gaels attacked the English colonists of Louth and Meath, exacting black rents and taking plunder.
1424. The Lord Deputy and an army from Dublin ride against The O’Hanlon and other Ulster chieftains, forcing their renewed submission. This bonanza ended when the English sent a determined Viceroy to Ireland in 1424.
In the early 1490s, Henry VII appointed his son Henry, Duke of York, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The future Henry the VIIIth did not actually go to Ireland. The Duke of York sent Sir Edward Poynings to Ireland as to serve as Lord Deputy. Poynings arrived on 13 October 1495, with a large army. He arrived on an island deeply divided in its collective identity. The emerging division was between the new Tudor royal administration (and its followers) and some of the Old English colonial elite, and their new allies among a resurgent Gaelic aristocracy. This was the result of English policy, administered between 1478 and 1492, when Gerald Fitzgerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, served as Lord Deputy. During these years, inter-marriage between the O'Neills of Tyrone and the Fitzgeralds brought the lead Gaelic sept into alliance with the leading Old English family.
The closer working relationship between Kildare and O'Neill gave Kildare access to the services of O'Neill's circle of leaders among the Roydama. Kildare worked closely with Malachi Ó Hanlon and The Magennis. Lord Deputy Poynings pursued a strategy of driving wedges between O'Neill and his allieds (including The Ó Hanlon and his neighbor, The Magennis), especially when those wedges would also prevent further bonding between the Gaelic lords and the Geraldine power base at Kildare. He demanded hostages (the sons, and heirs, of Ó Hanlon and Magennis) in order to secure their good behavior. When Ulster's march, or border, lords would not give up their sons, the Lord Deputy took the largest army assembled by the English colonists north to burn out both Orior and Iveagh, homelands to the Ó Hanlons and the Magennis. Being first through the Gap of the North, the Ó Hanlons were especially hard hit. Kildare advise Malachi Ó Hanlon to provide his son to Dublin Castle, to end the violence. So the Ó Hanlons suffered several defeats at the hands of Poynings. But they were supported quietly by their ally in the deposed Lord Deputy, Earl Kildare, who was widely rumoured to have supported the Ó Hanlons in their ongoing rebellion against the Tudor Crown. Following the Lord Deputy's raid, the Earl was charged with treason and the Act of Attainder (Nov. 1495) charged him with "encouraging Ó Hanlon," among other acts against the King. Ó Hanlon and Magennis testified on behalf of Kildare, in a deposition taken by the Archbishop of Armagh, Octavian de Palatio.
16th century: Submission & Nine Years War
1537. Dublin Castle implements the Reformation in Ireland, dissolving monasteries and other religious institutions. This includes the ancient convent of St. Moninna at Killeavy, refuge for the women of the O’Hanlon sept. A smaller chapel and sanctuary survives until 1612, when the last Abbess, Alicia O’Hanlon, is removed from the precincts.
1564. Shane O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone, rebels against Elizabeth I. The O’Hanlon chooses to ride with the O’Neill. The Crown responds by seizing, in 1569, most of Orior. It is granted to Thomas Chatterton. He was required to 'subdue the natives' in County Armagh. He failed.
1569. By the Act of Confiscation, Elizabeth I transfers the O'Hanlon territory to the adventurer, Thomas Chatterton.
1573. Elizabeth I gives authority to Chatterton for "seven years to invade, subdue or expel, or bring to mercy the people of Ohrere".
1585 O'Daly writes "The Tribes of Ireland".
1587. The O’Hanlon resubmits to the Tudors, and is knighted Sir Eochaidh O’Hanlon, Baron of Orior. He is re-granted his lands on the condition of 'loyalty'. Oghy O’Hanlon, 'chief and captain of his nation' surrendered his territories in "Upper and Nether Orrye" on 20 September 1587. A new patent was issued on 1 December 1587, whereby O’Hanlon was confirmed in his lands for life, then to his heirs male, failing those, to his brothers. At the same time, Sir Oghie agreed to maintain twelve footmen called kerne and eight horsemen, all well armed, to attend upon the Lord Deputy, or other Governor of Ulster, in all hostings and risings and to maintain them in food and all necessities. Significantly the document also provided for the extinction of the title, The O’Hanlon of Orior. Sir Oghie agreed to pay the Queen £60 per year.
1593–1603, C.E. During the Nine Years' War, Sir Eochaidh moves his allegiance to accommodate the moving siege lines between Ulster and the English Pale. At times he was allied with Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone; at times he was allied with Henry Bagenal of Newry, the Queen's Marshal. A Turlough O’Hanlon fought for the Gaelic army under O’Neill at the Battle of the Yellow Ford (1598), in which Bagenal was killed.
The Nine Year War (1594–1603). After ascending to the throne in 1558, Queen Elizabeth I proclaimed herself head of the Irish Church (the Act of Supremacy), and went about replacing the "Old English" clergy and administrators with newly appointed Englishmen. The deposed "Old English" had fallen out of favour for their acquired local habits of dress, speaking Gaelic, and moderate sympathies with the native Irish. (After all, by the late 16th century it had been four hundred years since their arrival in Ireland with the Anglo-Norman advance.) The new administration was vehemently anti-Gael, but also anti-Catholic. To their horror, this meant the Galls (Gallic descendants of the Normans) suddenly found themselves out of favour too. Discontent led to an uprising of the Northern clans in 1594. It was led by the O'Neills – including some of the Ó Hanlons under Oghy Og, Sir Eocha's son – and the O'Donnells, supported by their new allies the Galls. The rebellion started in Ulster and spread all over Ireland to become the Nine Years' War.
The Galls and the Gaels hoped for help from Catholic Spain but it was slow in coming. In September 1601, after seven years war in Ireland, the Spanish Armada sent 4,000 men to help Hugh O'Neill and Hugh O'Donnell. But the Armada landed at Kinsale in the South, while O'Neill and O'Donnell's strongholds were way up in the North. Against the odds, the Gaels marched South through enemy territory to meet the Spanish, and arrived in a matter of weeks with 12,000 men to lay siege to the English at Kinsale. By December 1601, the combined Spanish and Gael forces had the upper hand, but had been reduced to 10,000 men. Impatient to leave, the Spanish demanded an attack which took place on Christmas Eve 1601. It was disastrous and losing the Battle of Kinsale effectively marked the end of the Nine Years' War. Although the war ended formally only in March 1603 when O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone submitted to the English.
1599 Dymmock's 'Treatise on Ireland' notes that Sir Oghie O'Hanlon, on 28 April 1599, could muster two hundred foot and forty horse for the Earl of Tyrone. His territory reached from Newry to Armagh and was mostly 'without woods'.
17th century: End of the Gaelic Lords
1600, 17 November Sir Eochaidh is, by some accounts, slain at the pass of Carlingford, fighting on the English side, bearing the Royal Standard for the Lord Deputy, Lord Mountjoy. For his loyalty and his services in this war against the Earl of Tyrone, King James I bestowed upon his family seven townlands.
1602, First Census of the Fews. This census was taken in 1602 to record the clanspeople of Turlagh MacHenry O'Neill, chief of the Fews (a Barony in southern Armagh neighbouring Orior). It survives today as the first census taken in Ireland and records five Ó Hanlon clansmen living as tenants:
Many O Hanlon, Shane O Hanlon, Brain O Hanlon, Hugh O Hanlon, Glessny O Hanlon
Turlagh MacHenry O'Neill was a half brother to the mighty Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and had initially cooperated with the English before joining his brother's forces in the Nine Years' War. After his brother's defeat at Kinsale, Turlagh received a pardon in 1602 for himself and all his clanspeople. Since the pardon did not extend to his brother's people, The Census of The Fews was compiled to list who the pardon applied to.
Murder Committed before their rebellion, intrusion on Crown lands, and debts to the Crown excepted from their pardon. [Date destroyed] Lord Deputy's warrant dated 24 June 1602.
1604. Wasted during the Nine Years' War, Orior falls into successive crop failures and famines. Burden with relief of his people, Sir Eochaidh sells seven townlands adjacent to Newry.
1605. For his participation in the Nine Years' War on the side of O'Neill and the Gaelic lords young Oghie Og Ó Hanlon, son of the late Sir Oghy, could reasonably have expected to be charged with treason and hung – or worse. But he surrendered and in return Oghie Og was attainted, then pardoned on 12 February 1605. His family (i.e. his brothers, wife and sons) were able to stay on the family estates. But the pardon included a provision that Oghie Og himself must leave Ireland for exile in Europe. He is said to have done so and to have joined the Catholic armies of France and Spain in their wars against The Netherlands.
1607, Flight of the Earls. On 14 September 1607, the Earls of Tyrone and Donegal (The O'Neill and O'Donnell) fled Ireland with some 90 family and friends. The Flight of The Earls was construed by the English as an admission of guilt, and all those who left were charged with treason in their absence and their lands and livestock "reverted to the Crown".
The Ó Hanlons could count themselves lucky, for in the absence of Oghie Og they knew the British did not consider them a threat, so felt safe enough to stay. They lost Hanlon castle but otherwise kept their lands while all around them their allies lost everything.
1608. Four years later his son and heir, Eochaidh Og, sided with Sir Cahir O’Dochertaigh in the ill-fated 1608 Rebellion. Eochaidh Og was denied succession and exiled to service for the King of Sweden, then fighting the Catholic army of the King of Poland.
1609, Plantation of Ulster. In the Plantation of Ulster most of the remaining Gaelic chieftains had their lands escheated (confiscated) and reassigned to Scottish or English foreigners. Only a few lucky "natives" were awarded land grants. In the "Precinct of Orier" the Ó Hanlons figured prominently: they accounted for 10 of the 39 grants made to "natives".
PLANTATION OF ULSTER – PRECINCT OF ORIER
LAND GRANTS TO NATIVES
1611. The O’Hanlons are ousted from control of Orior, and from their castle at Tanderagee, which is taken over by Oliver St. John.
1641. The O’Hanlons join the 1641 rebellion, under the leadership of Sir Phelim O’Neill. Ardall O’Hanlon was injured fighting with Eoghan Ruadh O’Neill at the Battle of Clones. In County Armagh, the sept regains Tandragee Castle for a few years, until the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell, arrives to put all Ireland down. The remaining O’Hanlon landowners were dispossessed through the Act of Settlement in Ireland (1652).
1662. Hugh O’Hanlon petitions Charles II for a restoration of the O’Hanlon lands in County Armagh, but is denied as much in the Act of Settlement passed in 1662.
1669. Dispossessed but remaining in the southern highlands of their former homeland, the O’Hanlons take to a life of crime against the English colonial administration, its colonists, and their collaborators among the former Gaels, now Irish. These "Tories" or "Raparees" become skilled highwaymen. Loughlin O’Hanlon of Killeavy is sentenced to death for horse theft; sentence later commuted.
1674. Aodh Ruadh "Redmond" O’Hanlon is first recorded as active on the highways of County Armagh. He was proclaimed as an outlaw and a reward of £200 was offered for his capture.
Depiction of Clan Ó Hanlon sept, or Clan members, in popular media
Depiction of the Clan O’Hanlon and its members in popular culture dates to the emergence of early mass media in Great Britain after the Restoration. The Irish people's preservation – and perhaps well-intended enhancement—of Comte Redmond O’Hanlon's life and exploits established an image which mass media vehicles would exploit in future years. This was a trend even as the descendants and relatives of the Comte remained the victims of circumstances established by the system of apartheid created through the Penal Laws after 1690. In 1862, William Carleton's Redmond, Count O’Hanlon, The Irish Raparee, An Historical Tale was published in Dublin and London. The non-fiction work was one a series of novels published by Carleton in the wake of the Celtic revival of the 18th century and its echoes through the 19th century. Not unlike Blaxploitation of the 1970s, it is heavily laden with stereotypes appealing to the mass culture of its day, an industrialized proletarian and emerging bourgeoisie suffering from cultural dislocation and the identity crisis it produced. Works like Carleton's sold because they allegedly offered 'authenticity' in a world remaking itself and increasing cut off from the Irish clan system. In Redmond, Count O’Hanlon, Carleton presents little or no information regarding the Count or his family, except that they were early Jacobites dispossessed for their loyalty to the House of Stuart. Redmond himself is depicted as crafty, yet well-mannered. An Irish Robin Hood or Rob Roy MacGregor coming to the rescue of a fair maiden and her distressed fiancée, as her chastity (and his property) were threatened by a debauched son of the Anglo-Irish colonial elite ruling south Armagh.
Lists of prominent Hanlons and Ó Hanlons, those with an Irish derivation
These may be found at Hanlon and O'Hanlon
The Border Chieftains of Ulster
References
Gaelic-Irish nations and dynasties
Irish clans
Irish royal families
Surnames of Irish origin
Irish-language masculine surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93%20hAnluain |
Espoon Honka, also known as Honka Playboys, was a basketball club based in Espoo, Finland and it played in Korisliiga. The club was dissolved in 2011 due to financial difficulties.
History
Espoon Honka was founded in 1975 as a professional team apart from Tapiolan Honka, which worked as a feeder team and took responsibility for organizing youth teams and other activities. Espoon Honka played 16 seasons in the Korisliiga and won seven championship titles.
Espoon Honka didn't play in the 2011–12 season of Korisliiga due to financial problems and the whole team was then dissolved later that year. A new team was then founded under the name Tapiolan Honka.
Honours
Korisliiga
Winners (7): 1974, 1976, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2008
Finnish Cup
Winners (5): 1973, 1974, 1975, 2001, 2009
Notable players
Head coaches
Gordon Herbert
Mihailo Pavićević
References
External links
Espoon Honka in Korisliiga
Espoon Honka in EuroBasket
Basketball teams in Finland
Basketball teams established in 1975
Sport in Espoo
1975 establishments in Finland
2011 disestablishments in Finland
Basketball teams disestablished in 2011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espoon%20Honka |
Benson Deng is a South Sudanese-born American writer and one of the Lost Boys of Sudan. He is best known as the co-author of the book They Poured Fire on Us From the Sky (2005), written with his brother Alephonsion Deng, cousin Benjamin Ajak, and Judy A. Bernstein.
When Benson was a seven-years-old member of the Dinka tribe, Sudanese National Islamic militants attacked his village of Juol, Sudan, and he fled with his brother and cousin at the age of five. Wearing only his underwear he, along with thousands of other boys, traveled a thousand miles across Sudan to Ethiopia on foot, without parents, facing crocodiles, yellow fever, chronic hunger and thirst, and militants along the way. Refugee camps which he arrived at like Panyido were already crowded, and contained 50,000 people or more.
In Ethiopia, he learned the English alphabet by writing with his finger in the sand, using limited materials from the UN. He was forced out of Ethiopia when militants attacked the camp that he was staying at very near the border, at the River Gilo. Benson next arrived in Natinga, a rebel army camp. Promised that he would be arriving in a safe camp with education, he was disappointed to see that he was instead led to do manual labor, and fight for the rebel cause. He escaped after his relatives left the camp, in a group of 12 boys. Seeing that people had died while resting in shade after a long trek, he left his resting group and marched alone to safety. He reached Kenya, met his family, and began his education again, but he was soon struck with a serious skin illness. This disease, called River Blindness, made it impossible for him to sit and attend class. So for five years he taught himself English. Lying on his stomach in his hut, he would copy essentials of grammar and vocabulary into his hand-written composition book.
Deng arrived to America on August 9, 2001 and began work at a grocery store. Today he runs the computer digital photography system at Waste Management Corporation in El Cajon, California.
Once in America, his brother and cousin began writing about their experiences. Joni Evans, VP of William Morris, sold their book to Public Affairs. Released on June 13, 2005, it was entitled: They Poured Fire on Us from the Sky: The True Story of Three Lost Boys from Sudan.
Awards
The two titles Deng has co-written have been the recipient of numerous awards.
They Poured Fire on Us From the Sky: The True Story of Three Lost Boys of Sudan:
Christopher Award Winner for Adult Books
The Washington Post Top 100 Books of 2005
American Library Association "Many Voices" Honoree
Los Angeles Times Bestseller July 2005.
American Booksellers Association Book Sense Selection May 2005.
National Conflict Resolution Center Peacemakers Award
Book Sense Summer 2006 Paperback Selection
American Library Association List - Becoming an American
San Diego Union Tribune Warwick's Top Seller September 2015 (10th Anniversary Edition)
Disturbed in Their Nests
2018 Nautilus Gold Award winner, in the category of Multicultural and Indigenous Books
References
External links
Book Website
South Sudanese writers
Lost Boys of Sudan
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson%20Deng |
The Liquid Elastomer Molding (LEM) gasket consists of a metallic core, coated in selected areas on both sides with a thin layer of silicone with molded-in sealing beads. These beads have differing heights and widths dependent on the clamping load distribution and application requirements. The base elastomer coating provides a good overall micro-seal with the silicone beads ensuring optimum sealing in the critical areas. LEM can also include molding on its edge either for sealing of high pressure fluids or for T joints between mating flanges.
References
Seals (mechanical) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20Elastomer%20Molding |
KRFC (88.9 MHz) is a community-based FM radio station in Fort Collins, Colorado. The station is owned and operated by Public Radio for the Front Range. The station's programming includes music of numerous genres, played by volunteer DJs. Some news, information and syndicated shows are on the schedule as well. Although similar in funding strategies to a traditional public radio station, KRFC is not a member of any of the major networks such as NPR or Pacifica.
KRFC has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts, with a signal extending from the Wyoming border to the suburbs of Denver. The transmitter is on Weld County Route 80 near Route 17 in Severance, Colorado.
History
Public Radio for the Front Range (PRFR) was started by a group of former DJs from KCSU-FM. DJs who were not current students were forced to leave after KCSU-FM's underwriter, Colorado State University, decided to make KCSU-FM solely student-run. In September 1995, PRFR was given IRS 501(C)(3) non-profit status.
By the summer of 1996, PRFR had applied for a construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The group wanted to build a station on 88.9 MHz, but were challenged by other broadcasting groups. PRFR then went into negotiations during 1997 with Colorado Christian University to share 88.9 MHz; these negotiations failed.
By 2000, the group applied for the 89.7 MHz frequency in a low-power jurisdiction; another Christian group applied for the same frequency. After successful negotiations, PRFR came into agreement with the other applicants that the PRFR would receive 88.9 MHz. The agreement was submitted to the FCC on July 7, 2002, who then granted PRFR a construction permit for a 3,000–watt non-commercial radio station. KRFC 88.9 FM Radio Fort Collins began broadcasting on March 1, 2003.
In 2004, KFRC completed the construction and expansion of its studios. Its facilities include three separate studios, all of which have the ability to broadcast live. Volunteers continue to make up the majority of KRFC 88.9 FM Radio Fort Collins' workforce. In 2022, the station increased its power to 50,000 watts and constructed its own antenna tower. This gives it a larger area of Colorado able to receive its signal.
See also
List of community radio stations in the United States
References
External links
KRFC 88.9 FM Radio Fort Collins Homepage
RFC
Community radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRFC |
Spec RX-7 is one of many production-based spec classes, originating in the mid-1990s with the Sports Car Club of America. The class was created by Dave Turner and Mark Holland. The main fault of the class is a lack of nationwide compatibility, with each division having slightly different rulesets from one another. Some allow for vast modification, some allow very little, but they all are based on the premise of equality, with the skill being placed solely on the driver and reducing the need for costly development and "part of the week". Specs range from relatively stock including exhaust and intake, to mildly modified, to Improved Touring specs. All are based on the 79-85 year model RX-7, with some excluding the 79-80 year models.
Class rules
Since each division has a different set of specs, it is important to locate rules for your area. Below is a small listing of websites to help you locate these rules.
Most divisions (excluding the Improved Touring-based IT7 class) spec suspension, tires, engine modification, and in some cases rollcages and wheels.
References
External links
SpecRX7.com - Washington DC / Mid Atlantic SRX7 website
Texas SRX7 website
Rocky Mountain SRX7 website
Sports Car Club of America web site
National Auto Sport Association
Racing cars
Sports Car Club of America
Mazda
One-make series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spec%20RX-7 |
John Carter Brown II (1797 – June 11, 1874) was a book collector whose library formed the basis of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.
Early life
John Carter Brown II was born in 1797, the youngest of three surviving children born to Nicholas Brown Jr. (1769–1841), the namesake patron of Brown University, and Ann Carter, daughter of John Carter, a prominent printer in Providence. His grandfather was Nicholas Brown Sr. (1729–1791), brother of John Brown, Moses Brown, and Joseph Brown, merchants, active in Rhode Island politics, who brought the College of Rhode Island to Providence in 1771.
During his upbringing, he was taught philanthropy and public leadership by his father and his uncles who were involved with such work. He attended Brown University (renamed in honor of a gift made by his father in 1804) and graduated in 1816. His graduation oration was on "The Revolution of Empires."
Career
In 1822, John Carter Brown was sent to Europe as a super-cargo for Brown & Ives. After being shipwrecked in France, he turned the business trip into a two-year grand tour. Dr. Benjamin Carter, his uncle, was an important influence in introducing John Carter Brown to "the great subject," the interaction between the old and new worlds.
After his father's death in 1841, John Carter Brown had the freedom to withdraw from Brown & Ives affairs and to develop his passion for books. In fact, he was continuing a family tradition as his ancestors had been buying books since 1749, helping to found the Providence Library in 1758 and 83 years later, the Providence Athenaeum. In 1846, he bought his elder brother's collection of books on the Americas and began purchasing books in Europe, using Henry Stevens as his agent. The same year, he bought the collection of Frenchman Henri Ternaux. When his collection became too large, he expanded his house, the Nightingale-Brown House, by adding a modern fireproof library; he also hired a full-time librarian, John Russell Bartlett, to manage the collection and produce its first catalogue.
In 1846, he became the first American to join the Hakluyt Society as a charter member, and in 1855, he was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society. In 1852, he received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Brown University.
Personal life
In 1859, at the age of 62, he married Sophia Augusta Brown (1825–1909), a descendant of Roger Williams (1603–1683). Together, they had:
John Nicholas Brown I (1861–1900), who married Natalie Bayard Dresser (1869–1950)
Harold Brown (1863–1900), who married Georgette Wetmore Sherman (1872–1960), daughter of William Watts Sherman (1842–1912) by his first wife, in 1892, and niece of Sen. George Peabody Wetmore.
Sophia Augusta Brown (1867–1947), who married William Watts Sherman (1842–1912) in 1885, after the death of his first wife in 1884.
He died on June 11, 1874, at 77 years of age. The bulk of his estate, besides a $50,000 (equivalent to $ in dollars) donation to Brown, was left to his children. The trustees were his wife, Robert H. Ives, Thomas P. I. Goddard, and George W. R. Matteson. In 1876, his wife had a cottage in Newport on Bellevue Avenue.
Philanthropy
In addition to gladly sharing his books, he still continued to make contributions to Brown University, Butler Hospital, and the Rhode Island Hospital. He played major roles in Anti-Slavery campaigns, he became President of the Emigrant Aid Society. Before his death, he was able to amass a collection of 7,500 books. When his oldest son died in 1900, his well-collected books were granted to Brown University with an endowment and a building.
Descendants
He was the grandfather of John Nicholas Brown II (1900-1979), Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and great-grandfather of J. Carter Brown III (1934-2002), director of the National Gallery of Art.
References
External links
History of the John Carter Brown library, retrieved March 15, 2008
1797 births
1874 deaths
John Carter Brown
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
19th-century American philanthropists
Brown University alumni
People from Providence, Rhode Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Carter%20Brown |
Green Lantern: Rebirth is a six-issue monthly American comic book limited series written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Ethan Van Sciver. Published by DC Comics between October 2004 and May 2005, the series featured characters from throughout the sixty-year history of Green Lantern comics.
The storyline follows the "rebirth" of the Silver Age Green Lantern Hal Jordan as he overcomes fear itself in the form of the cosmic entity Parallax. The series starred various members of the intergalactic police force known as the Green Lantern Corps, Kyle Rayner, John Stewart and Guy Gardner. It revived elements of the Green Lantern mythos including the Guardians of the Universe, Kilowog and the villain Sinestro, while introducing new concepts such as the emotional spectrum. In addition, the GLC power ring's flaw of being unable to directly affect the color yellow is significantly weakened, allowing experienced Corps members to overcome it if they can conquer their fear.
Background
In 1994, DC Comics decided to do away with Hal Jordan, who had been the primary Green Lantern of Earth since his first DC Comics appearance in 1959, and replace him with a new character to carry on the Green Lantern legacy, Kyle Rayner. The storyline, Emerald Twilight, which began in Green Lantern (vol. 3) #48 (January 1994), involved Hal Jordan descending into madness following the complete destruction of his home town, Coast City, by the villain the Cyborg Superman. This caused Jordan to become the villain Parallax. Jordan went on a rampage on the planet Oa, the planetary citadel of the Guardians of the Universe, who oversee and administer the Green Lantern Corps. He killed some fellow Green Lanterns who opposed him and all the Guardians save for one, Ganthet. He also destroyed the Central Power Battery, with which all Green Lanterns recharge their power rings, and even killed the renegade former GL, Sinestro, whom Jordan himself had exposed as a criminal who used his power ring to enslave his planet and whom the Guardians apparently freed from his imprisonment in their Central Power Battery in a failed attempt to stop Jordan. Jordan then attempted to destroy all of existence so that he could recreate it to his liking in the 1994 miniseries and crossover storyline, Zero Hour.
"Emerald Twilight", as scripted by Ron Marz, provoked severe outrage amongst many Green Lantern fans. While retaining Kyle Rayner as the sole remaining Green Lantern, DC responded with more than one attempt to redeem Jordan's image and hopefully placate the irate fans, first in the 1996 Final Night miniseries/crossover storyline, in which Jordan sacrificed his life in order to re-ignite Earth's Sun, and then in the 1999 Day of Judgment miniseries, in which his soul, languishing in Purgatory, was chosen as the newest host for God's "Spirit of Vengeance", known as the Spectre. These attempts, however, failed to placate the fans.
In 2004, following the cancellation of The Spectre (vol. 4) featuring Hal Jordan, and a dropoff in sales of the Green Lantern comic, as well as the character's prominent appearance in the popular DC: The New Frontier, DC decided to return Hal Jordan as a Green Lantern. First, the Green Lantern monthly series was canceled with issue #181 and Geoff Johns was assigned to write Green Lantern: Rebirth, which would pave the way for Jordan's return as a Green Lantern. The series would also answer lingering questions about Jordan's character, as well as reveal the decades-long mystery of why the Green Lantern power rings, the powerful weapons assigned to each Lantern that allow them to conjure virtually any form of matter or energy, were unable to affect anything yellow in color.
Geoff Johns first announced his plans to resurrect Hal Jordan in an April 2004 issue of Wizard, noting that he had been working on the five-issue miniseries for a year and that it was due for an October release. As research for the story, Johns spent time with the test pilot department at Edwards Air Force Base and cleared his facts with a major.
Plot
The Green Lantern of Earth, Kyle Rayner, crashes at Highway Hill on Earth in a spacecraft, mumbling to the two hikers who find him, "It has a name". His power ring begins speaking, "Parallax is coming…"
A series of strange and disturbing incidents then begins to occur. Jordan, pronouncing judgment on the villain Black Hand, becomes unable to focus clearly, and senses that something is wrong, telling his friend Oliver Queen (a.k.a. Green Arrow), "None of this should have happened. This isn't me. This isn't who I am". The shape-shifting Vuldarian physiology of former Green Lantern Guy Gardner begins going haywire. Coast City, long destroyed, suddenly reappears to two pilots flying over it, though the only building that is restored is Hal Jordan's old home.
When confronted, Jordan tells the Justice League that he is not responsible for the restored Coast City. Suddenly, Stewart goes berserk, attacking the other heroes, his ring now intoning, "Parallax is coming". Meanwhile, at the Justice League Watchtower on the Moon, the emergency power ring that Jordan once gave Green Arrow duplicates itself, and flies to Gardner's finger, restoring him as a Green Lantern.
Back at Highway Hill, the extraterrestrial Green Lantern Kilowog appears, and inexplicably attacks Kyle Rayner. However, Ganthet, one of the Guardians of the Universe, appears to stop Kilowog, attempting to protect the coffin, which it is revealed holds the corpse of Hal Jordan. He and Kilowog engage in a fierce battle, and Rayner himself feels something within his ring attempting to take over his will, much as with Stewart and Kilowog. Ganthet teleports Rayner and Jordan's corpse to the Watchtower. Meanwhile, Jordan investigates the appearance of his old apartment building, where he is confronted by the Parallax version of himself, who engages in a battle of wills with the Spirit of Vengeance bonded to Jordan's soul.
It is then that the Spectre explains to Jordan the truth about Parallax, while simultaneously on the Moon, Rayner does so to Queen. Rayner explains that he journeyed to the edge of the universe within Sector 3599, and on the 10th planet from the star Pagallus, the inhabitants told him that Parallax was actually a yellow demonic parasitic entity that was born at the beginning of sentience, feeding on fear, creating terror in anything it came into contact with, and causing entire civilizations to destroy themselves out of paranoia. It was this creature that the Guardians of the Universe imprisoned within the Central Power Battery on Oa, using fear's opposite energy, willpower. Rayner explains that there is an emotional electromagnetic spectrum into which the collective willpower of the universe is collected by the Central Power Battery, and that green willpower is the most pure. Parallax had lain dormant for billions of years, his true nature covered up by the Guardians to prevent anyone from trying to free it, and thus, it had eventually come to be referred to as simply "the yellow impurity". This was the reason why the rings were useless against the color yellow: Parallax weakened its power over the corresponding spectrum, and hence only someone capable of overcoming great fear could master the power ring. The Guardians, therefore, selected only such persons to become Green Lanterns.
At some point in recent history, Parallax was awakened, weak and hungry. It reached out to Jordan through his own ring when Jordan was at his weakest, spending years influencing him, causing him increasing self-doubt and fear. Parallax's control over Jordan exploded with his grief over the destruction of Coast City. It was Parallax's influence that was responsible for Jordan's subsequent murderous activity. When Jordan destroyed the Central Power Battery, he unknowingly freed Parallax, which grafted itself onto his soul, and suppressed Ganthet's memories of the parasite. It was because Parallax was now free that Kyle Rayner's own ring did not have any weakness against yellow. Following Jordan's sacrifice of his own life during the Final Night storyline (a momentary glimpse of his true heroic soul shining through Parallax's influence), the Spirit of Vengeance drew in Hal's soul in order to eradicate the parasitic Parallax from it.
Green Arrow and Rayner are then attacked by Sinestro, apparently very much alive, who explains that it was he who used his Qwardian yellow power ring to tap into Parallax's power and awakened it, and that the Sinestro whom Jordan killed was an illusory construct of Parallax's, created so that his murder would serve as the final stage of Jordan's susceptibility to the impurity in order to break his will.
The Justice League of America, Justice Society, and the Teen Titans arrive in Coast City to attack Parallax, but the entity inhibits their efforts by causing them to feel fear. The Spirit of Vengeance, however, manages to overpower Parallax, and finally removes the parasite from Jordan's soul. Needing a soul to inhabit, Parallax attacks Ganthet, while Jordan's soul is pulled toward the light of the afterlife. Ganthet manages to guide Jordan's soul back to his corporeal body on the Moon. His soul and thoughts clear for the first time in a long time, Jordan emerges from the coffin resurrected as a mortal human again, once again taking his place as a Green Lantern, the white portions of his hair even restored to their original brown. He and Sinestro engage in a fierce battle on the Moon, and across entire star systems. Eventually, Jordan forces the renegade back into the antimatter universe to which he was first banished. Jordan and Rayner then journey to Coast City, where they, along with John Stewart, Guy Gardner and Kilowog, free Ganthet from Parallax's possession, and imprison the parasite back in the Central Power Battery on Oa. The Guardians then announce that "it is time", referring to rebuild the Green Lantern Corps.
After the battle, Batman remains unconvinced that Jordan was not responsible for his actions as Parallax, but nevertheless decides that the universe "needs a little more light anyway", thus acknowledging that Jordan is back. Hal reestablishes his relationships with his former paramour Carol Ferris, who decides to reopen the Ferris Airfield, and Oliver Queen, who offers to let him stay in his home while Jordan rebuilds his life. Elsewhere, at Belle Reve Prison, Hector Hammond senses Jordan's resurrection, and is delighted and awaiting the opportunity to engage with his foe once more.
Aftermath
Green Lantern: Rebirth fully resurrected Hal Jordan by separating him from both Parallax and the Spectre, to whom he had been bonded since Emerald Twilight. The Spectre, now without a host, was later depicted as unleashing havoc on the world of magic in the Infinite Crisis tie-in miniseries Day of Vengeance. The Green Lantern Corps and the Guardians of the Universe, absent from the Green Lantern comics since Emerald Twilight, were also reintroduced by the writers. Additionally, the source of the Yellow Impurity was caused by Parallax's connection to the Central Battery. The Corps, for the first time in history, could overcome the Yellow Impurity by feeling fear and overcoming it.
Geoff Johns and Dave Gibbons subsequently co-wrote a 2005 five-issue miniseries, Green Lantern Corps: Recharge, which depicted Rayner, Gardner, and Kilowog as they helped the Guardians begin the task of recruiting 7,200 new recruits to repopulate the ranks of the Green Lantern Corps while dealing with a mysterious series of black hole formations that threaten the planet Oa itself.
DC Comics subsequently began a new Green Lantern (vol. 4) monthly series starting with issue #1 (July 2005), starring Hal Jordan as he attempts to rebuild his life, moving to the almost-deserted Coast City, which is slowly being rebuilt. Following through intergalactic space travel, retold origin, redemption, and new discoveries, Hal Jordan's character arc and mythos began to revive over the following issues.
Green Lantern: Rebirth set the stage for both Sinestro Corps War and Blackest Night.
Reaction
The miniseries was a sales success, with the first issue going through four printings, and selling a total of 156,975 copies. The second issue went through two printings, and sold 122,221 copies. The subsequent issues sold 106,523, 108,077, 115,006, and 114,354 copies, respectively. The final issue was ranked #8 in sales, and the #4 selling DC book for that month.
Tony Isabella, reviewing the series in Comics Buyer's Guide #1616 (May 2006), gave it five out of five "Tonys", praising the story's characterization, the book's art, and opining that the explanation of the Parallax Fear Anomaly was "one of the single most brilliant concepts" he had ever seen in a Green Lantern comic book. ShakingThrough.net complimented the story's "many rewarding moments", also naming the Parallax Fear Anomaly. Long time Green Lantern fan and author Jim Smith reviewed several issues in the Shiny Shelf web magazine and opined that the series "demonstrates, in every panel, the futility of endless Silver Age retro [and] is, in a quite meaningful sense, the very epicenter of all that is wrong with contemporary comic books". Sean Ferrell of numbmonkey.com called the story "strong", though opining that it had some flaws, including Van Sciver's art.
The success of Green Lantern: Rebirth led to popular acclaim for the team of Geoff Johns and Ethan Van Sciver, and allowed them to revisit the concept for another classic DC character in 2009's The Flash: Rebirth.
Collected editions
The miniseries was collected into a single volume in November 2005 as a hardcover () and as a trade paperback in April 2006 (). A new printing of the trade paperback was published in April 2010 with different cover art and previously uncollected material ().
DC also released it as part of their DC Comics Absolute Edition series in early 2010.
Notes
References
Comics Buyer's Guide #1616 (May 2006) (Page 49)
External links
Green Lantern storylines
2004 comics debuts
2005 comics endings
Comics by Geoff Johns
Comics set on fictional planets
Fiction about resurrection | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Lantern%3A%20Rebirth |
Santarpio's Pizza is a restaurant in the neighborhood of East Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was originally established in 1903 as a bakery. Frank Santarpio began selling pizza there three decades later. A landmark to locals and a destination for visitors, the eatery is primarily known for its Boston-style pizza, which it has served at its Chelsea Street location since 1933. One Boston Globe reporter said of the establishment that "the average New Englander's only knowledge of East Boston is the sign for Santarpio's Pizza that can be seen from the highway on the way to the airport."
History
Still owned and operated by the Santarpio family, the restaurant was one of the original pizzerias that opened to cater to Italian Americans who had emigrated to East Boston and the surrounding neighborhoods. Besides several varieties of pizza, Santarpio's menu offers only four other items: barbecued lamb, steak tips, chicken, and sausage.
The eatery refused to fill an order from the film My Best Friend's Girl when the production crew insisted that the 75-pie order be ready in an hour. Glenn Carlton has baked bread and prepared dough for the pizzas at Santarpio's for 30 years. Lennie Timpone, whose mother was a Santarpio, was born in 1945 and has worked at the Chelsea Street location his entire life.
Honors and awards
Food & Wine named it in their list of best pizza places in the US.
In 2012, Santarpio's was featured on Bizarre Foods America.
References
External links
Official website
1903 establishments in Massachusetts
Barbecue restaurants in the United States
East Boston
Food and drink companies established in 1903
Italian restaurants in Massachusetts
Italian-American culture in Boston
Pizzerias in the United States
Restaurants established in 1933
Restaurants in Boston
Culture of Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santarpio%27s%20Pizza |
Doremi Fasol Latido is a 1972 album by English space rock band Hawkwind. Recorded at Rockfield Studios and released on United Artists Records, it was their third album since their debut, Hawkwind, in 1970. It reached No. 14 on the UK album charts.
New members
The rhythm section of Dave Anderson and Terry Ollis was replaced by Lemmy and Simon King, both of whose style differed notably from their predecessors. This changed the band's overall musical direction. Lemmy was a self-confessed inept guitarist who used volume and stagecraft to cover his lack of ability. He became a bassist by accident after joining the band, thinking he was replacing Huw Lloyd-Langton. Lemmy said However, Dave Brock decided to play lead and continue without a second guitarist. Hawkwind's bass guitarist failed to turn up and Lemmy was available. He said: This led to Lemmy's very unorthodox technique. Lemmy stated:King's drumming was more square-beat and "rock" than the jazzier free-flowing Ollis.
Sound and production
Rockfield Studios was in its infancy and the environment at the time was spartan, Lemmy explaining that they "recorded it at the barn, before they modernised it, with mattresses on the walls and things." Some band members have expressed concerns with the quality of the production, Simon King feeling that "It sounded as if all the bass was turned off, your amp wasn't working properly and your stereo was bunged up all at the same time." and Lemmy adding "It was just not very well recorded. It was all thin and tinny."
Dave Brock explained their method of working as "we recorded bass, guitar, drums and vocals together, so it's as live as it can be, and then we put on the other things afterwards... We just let the tapes run and play like we do when we're playing live; do a three-hour track and then cut it up into pieces, use one piece as a complete section, and join it up to another piece with a synthesiser link or something... It's improvised, but it's together in the first place."
Songs
"Brainstorm" is Turner's first solo composition for the band, and features an extended middle section that would be reworked throughout the years (including Ginger Baker's drum solo in 1980). Before its appearance on this album, it was recorded on 2 August 1972 at the BBC's Maida Vale studio for broadcast on the Johnnie Walker show along with "Silver Machine", followed by an appearance on the In Concert hour-long BBC broadcast from the Paris Cinema on 28 September 1972. It has almost remained an ever-present in the live set with numerous live versions being released, and was covered by Monster Magnet on their 1993 album Superjudge.
"Space Is Deep" lyrics are derived from Michael Moorcock's "The Black Corridor" poem. The first vocal part is an acoustic piece played by both Brock (on 12-string) and Lemmy with layered electronic effects, the second instrumental part being the full band in an electric workout, finally returning to an acoustic coda. It was dropped from the live set during 1973 as the band moved away from the Space Ritual show, only briefly being resurrected for some reunion shows during 2000, a version of which can be heard on the Yule Ritual album.
"One Change" is a brief sedate instrumental featuring a heavily echoed keyboard contribution from Del Dettmar.
An edited version of "Lord of Light" (see Roger Zelazny's Lord of Light) was released as a single in Germany (UA35492, June 1973) backed by an edited version of "Born to Go" from the Greasy Truckers Party album. It was dropped from the live set in the mid-1970s, but reinstated for the 1995 "Alien 4" tour, a version being released as the B-side to the 1997 single "Love in Space".
"Down Through the Night" is another Brock acoustic number with layered electronics, flute and reverse echoed vocals. For the Space Ritual set it featured the full electric band.
"Time We Left (This World Today)" is a song in four movements, the first being a chanted Call and response bemoaning the direction society was heading in the same vein Brock was exploring with "We Took the Wrong Step Years Ago" and "Psychedelic Warlords". The second movement is an instrumental dissonance passage leading into the third movement featuring a powerful bass guitar and lead guitar interchange, eventually returning to the first movement. It appeared in the Space Ritual set with "Paranoia" replacing the middle section, and also made an appearance during 1989–91 with "Heads" as the middle section, as can be heard on Palace Springs.
"The Watcher" is Lemmy's first composition for Hawkwind, this being a spacious acoustic number with fuzz-bass. The lyrics were written from the perspective of someone from afar (perhaps God or an alien master race) watching the inhabitants of Earth destroy themselves through their own greed. This is the only song from the album that wasn't featured in the Space Ritual set, but it did briefly make an appearance during 1973 and 1974 as can be heard on The 1999 Party, slightly re-arranged as a more uptempo band performance. Lemmy re-recorded the song with Motörhead on their eponymous 1977 debut album.
New acoustic versions of "Down Through The Night" and "The Watcher" were included on The Road to Utopia (2018), produced and arranged by Mike Batt with additional orchestrations, and a guest appearance by Eric Clapton on "The Watcher".
Title, sleeve and philosophy
The package was put together and titled by graphic artist Barney Bubbles and is a continuation on themes he introduced with In Search of Space carried through and culminating in the Space Ritual. The title refers to the assignment of syllables to steps of the diatonic scale (Do-Re-Mi, etc.). It alludes to the music of the spheres which Bubbles expounds upon:
The basic principle for the starship and the space ritual is based on the Pythagorean concept of sound. Briefly, this conceived the Universe to be an immense monochord, with its single string stretched between absolute spirit and at its lowest end – absolute matter. Along this string were positioned the planets of our solar system. Each of these spheres as it rushed through space was believed to sound a certain tone caused by its continuous displacement of the ether. These intervals and harmonies are called 'The Sound Of The Spheres.' The interval between Earth and the fixed stars being the most perfect harmonic interval.
Do – Mars – red
Re – Sun – orange
Mi – Mercury – yellow
Fa – Saturn – green
Sol – Jupiter – blue
La – Venus – Indigo
Ti – Moon – violet
The original cover came in a silver foil sleeve with black print, the front depicting a shield which became an ident for the band, being used on many other album and single covers. The rear cover, inner sleeve and poster depict barbarian-type warriors in futuristic settings. The back cover includes in the legend:
The Saga of Doremi Fasol Latido is a collection of ritualistic space chants, battle hymns and stellar songs of praise as used by the family clan of Hawkwind on their epic journey to the fabled land of Thorasin.
The legend tells of the Hawklords last and defeated stand against the "tyranny of the corrupt forces for law and evil", but the inner sleeve has redemption in the legend:
And in the fullness of time, the prophecy must be fulfilled and the Hawklords shall return to smite the land. And the dark forces shall be scourged, the cities razed and made into parks. Peace shall come to everyone. For is it not written that the sword is key to Heaven and Hell?
Critical reaction
The UK music press warmly received the album, Nick Kent in NME confessing "I'd be ashamed to say I didn't love it" describing the music as one chord short of "the strongest high energy cosmic hubcap this side of the Metal Zone". Andrew Means of Melody Maker commented that "It's not melody and it's not harmony, and it's not really rhythm... it is ambiguity. It is the spaced out slipstream, the rushing, gurgling torrent of weightless sound that first turns the circle of mental pictures, associations and impressions picked out from space, time and earth... The listener is as much a traveller as the musician." Sounds Martin Hayman meanwhile described the music as "the bass and drums batter on with unflagging pace, synthesisers swirl and whistle around the thunderous block riffs whose endless repetition generates that numbed hypnosis, tuneless and menacing voices incant largely incomprehensible lyrics. This is not to knock Hawkwind: the sound they are getting is thicker, fuller, more convincing than ever before. Its total effect is pretty devastating, but the means by which the effect is achieved is no revolution in sound."
Track listing
Personnel
Hawkwind
Dave Brock – 6- and 12-string acoustic guitar, electric guitar, vocals, production
Nik Turner – saxophone, flute, vocals
Lemmy (Ian Kilmister) – bass guitar, acoustic guitar, vocals
Dik Mik (Michael Davies) – audio generator, electronics
Del Dettmar – synthesizer, production
Simon King – drumsAdditional musicians'''
Robert Calvert – vocals on "Urban Guerrilla" and "Ejection"
Paul Rudolph – guitars on "Ejection"
Production
Recorded at Rockfield, Wales, September and October. Produced by Brock and Dettmar
Sleeve designed by Barney Bubbles
"Urban Guerrilla" and "Brainbox Pollution" recorded at Olympic Studios, 1973
Charts
Release history
November 1972: United Artists Records, UAG29364, UK vinyl – original issues came in black on silver foil single sleeve, with inner sleeve and foldout Star Rats poster. Subsequent issues were a simple single sleeve.
January 1981: Liberty Records, UAG29364, UK vinyl
August 1986: Liberty Records, ATAK92, UK vinyl
July 1991: One Way Records, CDLL 57475, USA CD
March 1996: EMI Remaster, HAWKS3, UK CD – initial copies came in digipak
March 2003: EMI Records, 3823682, UK 2CD – with In Search of Space''
11 October 2010: Rock Classics, UK, 2x12" grey vinyl, 1000 copies
References
External links
Collectable Records – original cover, inner sleeve and poster
Hawkwind albums
1972 albums
United Artists Records albums
Liberty Records albums
One Way Records albums
Albums recorded at Rockfield Studios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doremi%20Fasol%20Latido |
Saint Louis University School of Medicine is a private, Jesuit medical school. Part of Saint Louis University, the institution was established in 1836.
The school has an enrollment of around 700, with about 550 faculty members and 550 residents in 48 graduate medical education programs including residencies, subspecialty residencies and fellowships. The institution centers its research in five specific areas: cancer, infectious disease, liver disease, aging/neurological disorders, and heart/lung disease. Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital and Saint Louis University Hospital are the two main affiliated teaching hospitals of the school.
History
Early years
Saint Louis University School of Medicine was established in 1836 as the Saint Louis University Medical Department, but no active teaching occurred until 1841.
The Know-Nothing movement, an anti-immigrant and subsequently anti Catholic movement that surged through the United States in the 1840s and 1850s eventually led to the separation of the university's Medical Department from the university in 1854. As a result, the university was without a medical school for 59 years until the presidency of Father William Banks Rogers (1900 to 1908), during which plans were initiated for the integration of a new medical school into the university.
In 1903, the Marion Sims-Beaumont College of Medicine was incorporated into the university. At this time, Marion Sims-Beaumont College was a medical school owned and operated by a group of St. Louis physicians. The college's decision to merge with the university was greatly influenced and reinforced by the recommendations of the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association, which insisted that all schools of medicine be affiliated with a university. Assured of financial support from the St. Louis civic leader Festus J. Wade, President Rogers successfully secured the needed funds for the purchase of the Marion Sims-Beaumont College.
Recent history
Since 1994, the students and physicians of the School of Medicine have provided free primary healthcare services in an academic environment through their Health Resource Center. They currently operate several free clinics throughout the Saint Louis area including an asthma and allergy clinic, a heart health clinic, a diabetes clinic, a foot health clinic, a geriatric assessment clinic, a physical therapy clinic, a mental health clinic, an optometry clinic, an OB-GYN clinic, and a dermatology clinic.
In 2007, a new research center was added to the university. Constructed in 522 working days, the 10-story tower now stands at the northern gateway to the university's Medical Center. The $82 million, 206,000-square-foot building is named after the late Dr. Edward Adelbert Doisy, a Nobel Laureate and professor at the medical school for five decades. The Edward A. Doisy research center has eighty research labs spanning eight stories to supplement the efforts of medical researchers.
The medical school continues to conduct research in several different fields, especially emerging diseases, neuroscience, organ transplantation, vaccine development, cardiac health, and liver disorders. The Saint Louis School of Medicine is one of nine NIH-funded vaccine research institutions, and made contributions to the research and development of the COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, the Saint Louis University Liver Center is one of the largest hepatitis C practices in the world.
Admissions and rankings
August 2021 matriculates to Saint Louis University School of Medicine had an overall average GPA of 3.86 and a mean MCAT2015 score of 512.22. Apart from these academic characteristics, the admissions committee considers applicants on an individual level, particularly in the evaluation of the breadth of their educational experience, their personality traits, maturity level, and appropriate motivation and commitment to a career in medicine. The faculty-student ratio is 0.9:1.
As of 2022, Saint Louis University School of Medicine is ranked 73rd for medical research and 56th for its primary care program by U.S. News & World Report.
Facilities
Notable faculty and alumni
References
Saint Louis University
Educational institutions established in 1836
Catholic health care
Medical schools in Missouri
1836 establishments in Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Louis%20University%20School%20of%20Medicine |
San Jose Frogs was an American soccer team based in San Jose, California, United States. Founded in 2005, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2008, when the franchise folded and the team left the league.
The team played its home games in PAL Stadium in San Jose in 2006 and 2007, and at James Lick Memorial Stadium on the campus of James Lick High School in 2008. The team's colors were red and black.
The club's nickname, the Frogs, came from the club's owner, German industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger, whose company Frog Design Inc. was responsible for the first Apple Macintosh computer in 1981, amongst other things.
History
National Premier Soccer League
The Frogs began life in 2005 as an announced expansion franchise in the National Premier Soccer League, but they failed to take to the field in their original season. They finally made their debut in 2006 and impressed immediately, finishing their freshman season with a 12–4–4 record and second in the table behind eventual national champions Sacramento Knights. The Frogs played in PAL Stadium in San Jose in 2006 and 2007, with good support from local soccer fans who were left without a team when the San Jose Earthquakes, a Major League Soccer team, relocated to Houston and became the Houston Dynamo.
USL Premier Development League
In the 2006–07 offseason, seeking a greater challenge, the team made the previously unprecedented jump from the NPSL to the PDL. Right out of the gate, the Frogs were as impressive in the PDL as they were in the NPSL, winning five of their first six games, including a pair of 2–1 victories against traditional divisional powerhouses Orange County Blue Star and Southern California Seahorses. The consistent run of form continued throughout the season, and despite a couple of defeats to Bakersfield Brigade and Ventura County Fusion, remained one of the four teams in contention for a playoff spot as the season wound down. A 3–2 loss to Fresno Fuego at the beginning of July put a spoke in the wheel, and despite ending their campaign with 2 wins – 4–1 over Orange County Blue Star and 2–0 over the San Francisco Seals – other teams results went against them, and they finished the season a close third, just one point adrift of Fresno Fuego and the San Fernando Valley Quakes. Jacob Wilson was the top scorer of the very impressive opening campaign; testament to this was the fact that, in the 2008 MLS SuperDraft, seven Frogs were drafted by Major League Soccer, including Brandon McDonald and Luke Sassano.
For the 2008 season, the Frogs moved to a new home ground, James Lick Memorial Stadium on the campus of James Lick High School, an artificial turf field with permanent American football lines. Also in 2008, the San Jose Earthquakes returned as an expansion franchise, bringing top-flight soccer back to the area. These factors reduced the size of Frogs' crowds considerably, but did not seem to affect the on-field product, which was at times very impressive. They started the season strongly, with three wins in their first four games, including a 3–1 win away at San Fernando Valley Quakes that featured a brace by Andrew Wiedeman and handed the Quakes their first home loss in almost 2 years. However, after this promising start, the rest of the year was one of frustrating inconsistency, in which a dominant win (2–0 over Southern California Seahorses), would be followed by a disappointing loss or a tie. The Frogs did make a finale late push for the playoffs, winning three of their last five games, including a 4–1 over Lancaster Rattlers and a dominant 3–0 away victory over San Francisco Seals on the final day of the season, but in the end it was not enough; they finished the season comfortably mid-table in 5th position. Andrew Wiedeman was the Frogs' top goal scorer with 6 for the season, and also contributed a team-best 3 assists.
In August 2008, the Frogs organization announced that the franchise was closing down, citing a "lack of community interest in top amateur soccer" for the team's demise. The team's attendance dropped significantly in their final season to a mere 20 paid tickets a game.
Year-by-year
Head coaches
Franco Benevento (2006)
Peter Weiss (2007)
Jorge Espinoza (2008)
Aaron Castro (2008)
Stadia
PAL Stadium; San Jose, California (2006–2007)
James Lick Memorial Stadium; San Jose, California (2008)
Average attendances
2008: 194
2007: 194
References
External links
San Jose Frogs
San Jose Frogs Blog
Defunct soccer clubs in California
National Premier Soccer League teams
F
Defunct Premier Development League teams
Association football clubs established in 2005
Association football clubs disestablished in 2008
2005 establishments in California
2008 disestablishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Jose%20Frogs |
Barry Paris (born February 6, 1948) is an author and journalist based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Paris' best-known works include biographies of film stars Louise Brooks, Greta Garbo and Audrey Hepburn. He is a movie reviewer for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, and co-host of a weekly radio show on WQED-FM. Paris has won awards for cultural and investigative reporting. He is currently engaged in writing a biography of Franklin Pierce (tentatively titled Pierce in Oblivion), the 14th President of the United States.
Biographic works
Louise Brooks (Knopf, 1989) is Paris's biography of the silent film star. Louise Brooks was named Film Book of the Year by Leonard Maltin. In reviewing the book, the Daily Express stated "Barry Paris has written the model of a movie biography". Similarly, the Irish Times added, "In a short review it is impossible to give even a taste of the splendor of Mr Paris's work. It is one of the best biographies I have ever read, erudite, literate and always in search of its subject." The book was published in Europe and South America and remains in print in the United States. Along with this biography, Paris has written articles on the actress and scripted the Emmy-nominated documentary Louise Brooks: Looking for Lulu (1998).
Paris authored Tony Curtis: The Autobiography (William Heinemann, 1993); Garbo (Knopf, 1995); Audrey Hepburn (Putnam, 1996), a biography of the iconic actress which was published in eight countries and Song of Haiti (Public Affairs, 2000), the story of Dr Larry and Gwen Mellon and their hospital at Deschapelles, Haiti.
Paris contributed 15 Minutes, But Who's Counting? Andy Warhol and His Icons to The Warhol Look: Glamour, Style, Fashion (Bulfinch Press, 1997); and edited and wrote the preface to Stella Adler on Ibsen, Strindberg, and Chekhov (Knopf, 1999), a collection of talks by the legendary drama teacher. A second, Paris-edited, collection of Stella Adler's talks is in preparation.
As well as the above-mentioned books, Paris published profiles of the novelist and Mozart biographer Marcia Davenport and the early film star Lina Basquette in The New Yorker. Other publications to which he has contributed articles, reviews and interviews include Vanity Fair, Opera News, American Film, Art and Antiques and (The Washington Post).
Paris is a 1969 graduate of Columbia University (where he studied film and Slavic languages) and of the Institute for the Study of the USSR in Munich, where he wrote Russian Cinema and the Soviet Film Industry, an early survey of the subject. Paris is fluent in Russian, Czech, Ukrainian, and Spanish, and has translated plays by Anton Chekhov.
Paris was the editor-publisher of the Prairie Journal of Wichita, Kansas from 1972–1974; feature editor of The Miami Herald from 1979–1980 and critic/reporter of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from 1980–1986. Since 1981, he has co-hosted Sunday Arts Magazine on radio station WQED-FM. The weekly program covers the Pittsburgh/Western Pennsylvania cultural and classical music scene. Among his journalistic awards are the National Sunday Magazine Editors' Best Feature (1993), Pennsylvania Press Association's Best Cultural Story (1982) and three Matrix Awards (1980, 1981, 1993).
References
External links
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette bio
Louise Brooks Studies page
American biographers
Writers from Pittsburgh
Classical music radio presenters
1948 births
Living people
Columbia University alumni
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette people
American film critics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Paris |
Faiz Muhammad Kāteb () also known as Kāteb () was a writer and historian. He was Afghan court chronicler, a skilled calligrapher and secretary to Habibullah Khan from 1901 to 1919.
Early life
Faiz Muhammad Kateb son of Saeed Muhammad () was born in 1860, in Zard Sang village of Nawur District of Ghazni Province, Afghanistan, he spent a part of his life in Nawur District another district of Ghazni, and died in Kabul on March 3, 1931. He was an ethnic Hazara and was of Muhammad Khwaja Hazara clan. Kateb spent his youth in Qarabagh District, tutored in Arabic and the Quran by local mullahs, in 1880 he and his family moved first to Nawur and then, because of sectarian strife, to Qandahar in the same year. In 1887 he left Qandahar for a year's travel that took him to Lahore and Peshawar where he spent some time studying English and Urdu. He eventually landed in Jalalabad and was invited in 1888 to join the administration of the Afghan amir Abdur Rahman Khan.
History
He was soon attached to the entourage of the amir's eldest son, Habib Ullah Khan, at the recommendation of one of his teachers, Mullah Sarwar Ishaq'zai. Kateb accompanied the prince from Kabul to Jalalabad in 1311/1893-94. There is a manuscript attributed to him, dated 29 Rajab 1311/5 February 1894, which places him in Jalalabad at this time. In 1314/1896, when Habib Ullah's younger brother Nasr Ullah Khan toured England on a state visit, Habib Ullah assigned Kateb to copy and post in the Charsuq, Kabul's main marketplace, the detailed letters sent back by Nasr Ullah recounting his activities, so that “noble and commoner alike would be apprised of the honor and respect that the English were according him”.
During Habib Ullah's reign, Kateb was involved, if only peripherally, with the Young Afghan movement led by Mahmud Tarzi. He is said to have been associated with the publication of Tarzi's reformist journal, Siraj al-Akbar, and three other journals, Anis, Ḥayy alal-falah, and Aina-ye Irfan. After the assassination of his patron in 1337/1919, Kateb worked for a time at the Ministry of Education on textbook revision. Sometime later, he was appointed to a teaching position at the Habibiya Laycee (Habibiya High School) in Kabul.
During the reign of Aman Ullah Khan (1919–29), the Iranian minister in Kabul Sayyed Mahdi Farrokh compiled a “who’s who” of contemporary Afghan leaders. His sketch of Kateb characterizes him as a devout Shia Muslim, highly regarded by the Qizilbash community of Kabul, as well as a leader among his people, the Hazaras, and an important source of information for the Persian mission about what was going on in the capital.
In 1929, the Tajik outlaw Habib Ullah Kalakani, ousted Aman Ullah Khan and took control of Kabul for nine months (January to October 1929). During this uprising Kateb, who spent almost the entire period inside the city, kept a journal which was the basis for an unfinished monograph entitled Kitab-e Tadakoor-e Enqilab which he began shortly after the fall of Habib Ullah Kalakani.
During the occupation, Kateb was forced to take part in a delegation sent by Kalakani to negotiate with Hazara groups opposing the Tajik leader. According to his account, he managed to subvert Kalakani's plans and caused the mission to fail. However, he and the mission's leader, Noor al-Din Agha, a Qizilbash Shiʿite from Kabul, paid a heavy price for this: both were sentenced to death by beating. Kateb alone survived the ordeal and was saved by a colleague. The Persian mission in Kabul, under a directive from Reza Shah to do what it could to aid the Shiʿites of Kabul, sent medicines to his house. He eventually recovered enough to travel the following year to Tehran for more medical care. After less than a year there, he returned to Kabul, where he died on 6 Shawal 1349/3 March 1931, at the age of sixty-eight or sixty-nine.
Publications
Kateb is best known for his books on Afghan history. During Habib Ullah's reign, he accepted two commissions to write a comprehensive history of Afghanistan covering events from the time of Ahmad Shah down through the reign of Habib Ullah Khan. The first was a history of Afghanistan entitled Tohfat ul-Habib (Ḥabib's Gift) in honor of the amir, but Habib Ullah Khan deemed the finished work unacceptable and ordered Kateb to start over. The revised version is the three-volume history of Afghanistan entitled Siraj al-Tawarikh (Lamp of Histories), an allusion to the amir's honorific “Lamp of the Nation and Religion” (Siraj al-mella waʾl-din). There were also problems in publishing it, the third volume never being completely printed. It is thought that the process of publishing the third volume lasted several years and only ended after Habib Ullah Khan's death. Some say the publication on the third volume was halted at page 1,240 for unspecified reasons. Habib Ullah Khan's successor, Aman Ullah Khan, was initially interested in the work and typesetting resumed in the mid-1920s, but when the amir reviewed the material in it on Anglo-Afghan relations, he reportedly changed his mind, and ordered all published but still incomplete copies of the third volume taken from the press and burned. Despite this reaction, Kateb continued work on his chronicle. The manuscript of the remainder of the third volume is widely believed to have been finished, and the autograph was reportedly turned over to the Afghan archives by Kateb's son. Volumes devoted to Habib Ullah Khan and Aman Ullah Khan may also have been written. A farman issued by the latter announced that Kateb had been ordered to complete the Siraj and then begin work on a chronicle of the reign of Aman Ullah Khan to be entitled Tarikh-e Asr-e Amaniya. There is some evidence to suggest he did indeed carry out these commissions, although nothing more was ever published.
Besides Siraj al-Tawrikh, Kateb wrote the following works:
Tuhfatul Habib' Afghan History (1747–1880), in two volumes. (The original script, hand-written by Kateb, exists in the National Archive in Kabul)
Tazkeratul Enqilaab accounts of the days of Habibullah, Bacha-e Saqaw
History of Ancient Prophets/Rulers, from Adam to Jesus
Hidāyat-i kisht-i gul-hā va qalamah-hā va ḥubūbāt va ghayrah (1921–1922)
Jughrāfiyā-yi ṭabʻī va Afrīqā
Tarikh-e Hokama-ye Motaqaddem, compiled while he was working at the Ministry of Education;
Fayz al-Foyuzat, a fragment of which, called Afghan Treaties and Agreements (ʿahd wa misaq-e afghan) was published in Sayyed Mahdi Farrokh's Tarikh-e Siasi-ye Afghanistan (Tehran, 1314 Š./1935) and which, in tune with the times, was a sharp critique of the Abdul Rahman's relations with the British;
Faqarat-e Sharʿiya, which is not known to have survived; and
Nasab-nama-ye Tawaʾef-e afghena wa taʿaddod-e nofus-e ishan, also known as Nijhad-nama-ye Afghan, a description of Afghan tribes and non-Afghans residing in Afghanistan. The Nijhad-nama was published in Persia in 1933 from a manuscript thought to be the autograph and held in the Kitab Khana-ye Milli-ye Malik in Tehran.
Among the works he is known to have copied is a 230 folio collection of farmans issued by the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb (1068–1118/1658–1707) which he completed in Jalalabad in 1312/1894; the divan of Šehab-e Torshizi, a late 18th-century poet from Herat; and Risala-ye fiuz, a treatise on explosives.
In the late 20th century, an American scholar Robert D. McChesney extensively researched Kateb's life and written works, in particular the Siraj al Tawarikh. In 1999, he published a translation of Tazkeratul Enqilaab's under the title Kabul under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising, and in 2012 McChesney and Mehdi Khorrami completed the first English translation of Siraj al-Tawrikh.
See also
Siraj al-Tawarikh
The second volume of Siraj Al Tawarikh
The third volume of Siraj Al Tawarikh
References
External links
Biography of Fayż Mohammad Kāteb at Encyclopædia Iranica.
Faiz Mohammad Katib Hazara's Kitāb-i musṭatāb-i sirāj al-tavārīkh - Afghanistan Digital Library
1862 births
1929 deaths
20th-century Afghan historians
Hazara historians
People from Ghazni Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faiz%20Muhammad%20Kateb |
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