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or is the ninth largest glacier in mainland Norway. The glacier is located in Troms og Finnmark county. The glacier lies in both Loppa and Kvænangen municipalities.
The highest point was earlier known to have an elevation of . It is now due to glacier shrinkage. The mountain Svartfjellet lies just north of the glacier in Loppa Municipality. That is another of the highest points in Finnmark county. The lowest point on the glacier has an elevation of . The village of Alteidet in Kvænangen is located nearby, along the European route E6.
See also
List of glaciers in Norway
List of highest points of Norwegian counties
References
Glaciers of Troms og Finnmark
Kvænangen
Loppa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98ksfjordj%C3%B8kelen |
Brett Peake (born 5 July 1983) is a former Australian Rules Footballer who played for the Fremantle Football Club and the St Kilda Football Club. He was traded from Fremantle to St Kilda during the 2009 AFL trade week.
An outside midfielder, he began his senior football career at East Fremantle Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).
Career with Fremantle
Peake was the first player to be drafted by Fremantle under the father-son rule, utilising selection 43 in the 2003 AFL draft. His father, Brian Peake, played over 400 senior games with East Fremantle, Geelong, Perth and Western Australia between 1972 and 1990.
Peake spent the entire 2004 season playing with East Fremantle. Good form in the WAFL and an extensive injury list at Fremantle saw him make his debut in Round 13 in 2005 against the Kangaroos. He ended the season having played nine of the last ten games. In 2006 Peake became a regular with the Dockers' side, playing 20 games and finishing the season with 10 Brownlow Medal votes. He missed six games in early 2007 with a broken collarbone.
In 2009, he was suspended in June for a discipline breach and was also dropped for the last two games of the season. With concerns over his disposal and lack of two-way play leaving him on the outer at Fremantle, Peake requested a trade at the end of the year.
As his father did in most of his 300 games for East Fremantle, Peake wore the Number 7 guernsey for Fremantle.
Move to St Kilda
During the 2009 trade week Peake was recruited by St Kilda Football Club in exchange for the number 48 pick in the 2009 AFL Draft.
Peake made his debut for the Saints in Round 1, 2010, against Sydney at ANZ Stadium, and had 14 possessions (and a goal) in an eight-point victory.
Peake played 23 games in 2010, including four finals matches.
As of the end of the 2010 AFL season, Peake had played in seven finals matches including two grand finals.
Under the new coach, Scott Watters in 2012, Peake played the first game of the season before being dropped. He was not given another game and was delisted at the end of the season.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Fremantle Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
East Fremantle Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Sandringham Football Club players
Australia international rules football team players
Australian people of Māori descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett%20Peake |
Huntly railway station is a railway station serving the town of Huntly in Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line, between Insch and Keith, from Aberdeen.
A small goods yard is located adjacent to the station and operated by DB Schenker. A goods shed remains standing within the yard.
History
The station was opened by the Great North of Scotland Railway on 20 September 1854, with the commissioning of the line from the original Waterloo terminus in Aberdeen. A goods service had started a week earlier. The initial passenger service took 2 hours, with 3 trains a day, calling at all stations. Only mail trains ran on Sundays. The route onwards to followed on 11 October 1856, with the through link to the new joint station at completed in November 1867 to connect the GNSR to the Aberdeen Railway. The track was doubled in 1896, when a non-stop train from Aberdeen was speeded up to a 45-minute schedule for the , though it ceased when the overnight London express was slowed later that year.
The station passed into the hands of the LNER at the 1923 Grouping and the Scottish Region of British Railways in January 1948. It has retained its signal box, which has been refurbished and controls the passing loop and level crossing here.
The original station building, which had an overall roof and was described in 1898 as, "a decent structure of the old fashioned 'roofed-over' type", was demolished and replaced in 1999 with a smaller ticket office (staffed part-time) and waiting room.
Facilities
The station's ticket office is staffed six days per week from early morning until early afternoon (06:50 – 13:50, Mon-Sat). A self-service ticket machine is provided for use outside of these times and for collecting advance purchase tickets. A pay phone and post box are available, along with shelters on each platform and toilets in the booking hall (the latter open only when the station is staffed). Train running information is offered via customer help points, CIS displays, automatic announcements and timetable posters. Step-free access is available to both platforms via ramps, though the footbridge linking them has steps.
Services
As of May 2022, there is a basic two-hourly frequency in each directions (with peak extras), to northbound and southbound (12 trains southbound, 11 northbound). The first departure to Aberdeen each weekday and Saturday continues south to Edinburgh Waverley, and another continues to Stonehaven in the evening. On Sundays there are five trains each way.
References
Bibliography
External links
Video footage and narration
RAILSCOT on the Great North of Scotland Railway
Railway stations in Aberdeenshire
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1854
Railway stations served by ScotRail
1854 establishments in Scotland
Huntly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntly%20railway%20station |
Harbardsbreen is the 10th largest glacier in mainland Norway. It is located on the south side of the Tverrådalskyrkja mountain in the Breheimen mountain range in the municipality of Luster in Vestland county, Norway.
The glacier is inside Breheimen National Park, just northeast of the Spørteggbreen glacier. The village of Skjolden lies south of the glacier.
Its highest point lies above sea level and its lowest point above sea level.
See also
List of glaciers in Norway
References
Glaciers of Vestland
Luster, Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbardsbreen |
Algoasaurus (; "Algoa Bay reptile") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Berriasian-early Valanginian-age Early Cretaceous Upper Kirkwood Formation of Cape Province, South Africa, specifically near a town called Despatch.
Discovery and naming
The holotype, a cervical vertebra, femur, an ungual phalanx and a scapula, was recovered in 1903 from a quarry in Despatch, Eastern Cape which exposed part of the Upper Kirkwood Formation by workmen who did not recognize them as dinosaur specimens, so many of the bones, probably including the rest of the once near-complete holotype, were made into bricks and thus destroyed; it is possible that bricks in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality may still contain parts of the Algoasaurus holotype. According to Broom (1904), the Port Elizabeth Museum collected "a few fragments of vertebrae and ribs" during another attempt to collect any remaining bones at the site.
The type species, A. bauri, was named by Robert Broom in 1904 and he likened Algoasaurus to Brontosaurus and Diplodocus. Broom gave much of his fossil collection to the American Museum of Natural History in 1913, including the ungual phalanx from the holotype, listed as specimen AMNH FR 5631.
Canudo & Salgado (2003) and Ibiricu et al. (2012) both considered Algoasaurus to have belonged to Rebbachisauridae based on the shape of the neural arch of the cervical vertebra, but MacPhee et al. (2016) disagreed with the rebbachisaurid affinities of Algoasaurus, stating that, although the shape of the vertebra suggests Algoasaurus belonged to Rebbachisauridae, the shape of the scapula says otherwise, so they could not identify Algoasaurus further than Eusauropoda and they also could not locate the rest of the holotype, although they did find specimen SAM-PK-K1500 in the collections of the Iziko Museum in Cape Town to possibly be the lost caudal vertebra pertaining to the holotype or possibly another specimen of Algoasaurus unrelated to the holotype, but SAM-PK-K1500 is yet to be described in detail, so it can not yet be confidently assigned to any genus.
Description
The animal may have been around 9 m (30 ft) long when it died, although this can not be confirmed as the holotype is very fragmentary. Before it was lost, the femur was estimated to have been up to when complete.
Classification
Algoasaurus was a eusauropod; although it has often been assigned to the Titanosauridae, there is no evidence for this, and recent reviews have considered it to be an indeterminate sauropod. It was then believed to have been a member of Rebbachisauridae until it was reclassified in 2016 as an indeterminate eusauropod.
Paleoenvironment
Sedimentological analysis of the holotype assemblage suggests it came from a horizon transitioning into a drier climate. Other animals from the Kirkwood Formation include the iguanodontian Iyuku, the stegosaur Paranthodon, the ornithomimosaur Nqwebasaurus, and several other unnamed dinosaurs.
References
Neosauropoda
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa
Berriasian life
Valanginian life
Cretaceous South Africa
Fossils of South Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1904
Taxa named by Robert Broom
Controversial dinosaur taxa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoasaurus |
Lærdalsøyri is the administrative centre of Lærdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located along the Lærdalselvi river where it empties into the Lærdalsfjorden, a branch off of the main Sognefjorden. The village is located about north of the village of Tønjum at the east end of the Lærdal Tunnel which is part of the European route E16 highway. It sits about northwest of the village of Borgund and about across the fjord from the village of Kaupanger in Sogndal Municipality. Hauge Church is located in the village, and serves as the main church for the parish. Lærdalsøyri also serves as the home town of military operator Havard "Ace" Haugland.
The village has a population (2019) of 1,135 and a population density of .
Name
The name Lærdalsøyri is derived from the local river which flows through the village. The first element is the genitive case of the old name of the river Lærr (now the river is called Lærdalselvi) and the last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale." The meaning of the old river name is unknown. The last element -øyri is the finite form of øyr which means "sandbank"; it is similar to the word ayre which is used in Scotland and Orkney.
History
The village center is listed as a national "heritage village" and tourists come to see the old city center with its 161 wooden houses that date from 1700 to 1800. Old Lærdalsøyri used to be a trading port between east and west in Norway. It is located near the head of Sognefjord, one of the longest fjords in Norway, which meant sea-going ships could carry goods deep inland before landing them at the village for the over-land journey into eastern Norway.
Historically, several of the County Governors of Nordre Bergenhus lived in Lærdalsøyri while in office including Christian Ulrik Kastrup, Michael Conrad Sophus Emil Aubert, and Johan Collett Falsen.
2014 fire
At 22:56 (10:56 pm) on 18 January 2014, local fire departments were alerted to a fire in a residence on the Kyrkjegata road. Winds fanned the flames towards the town center, and the fire spread to a nearby forest, threatening the Old Lærdalsøyri heritage area. The town was evacuated at 00:30 (12:30 am), with residents evacuated to a hotel in the nearby municipality of Aurland. By 04:00 in the morning, over thirty houses were in flames.
Notable residents
Media gallery
References
External links
Pictures: Lærdalsoyri
Villages in Vestland
Lærdal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6rdals%C3%B8yri |
Aurlandsvangen () is the administrative center of Aurland Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the east side of the Aurlandsfjorden (a branch of the main Sognefjorden) where the Aurlandselvi river flows into the fjord. The village of Undredal and the famous Nærøyfjord are located just a few kilometres to the northwest. Aurlandsvangen is located on the European route E16 highway about northeast of the village of Flåm and southwest of the village of Lærdalsøyri (through the Lærdal Tunnel).
The village has a population (2019) of 824 and a population density of .
The Lærdal Tunnel has its western end on the south side of Aurlandsvangen, and it heads east through the Aurlandsfjellet mountains before reaching the eastern end of the tunnel near Tønjum in Lærdal Municipality. The tunnel replaces the old Norwegian County Road 5627 which goes over the mountains between Aurland and Lærdal.
The Vangen Church (built 1202) is located in Aurlandsvangen. The lake Fretheimsdalsvatnet is located about southeast of the village of Aurlandsvangen. It contains Aurland Stadion.
Media gallery
References
External links
Villages in Vestland
Aurland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurlandsvangen |
Insch railway station is a railway station serving the village of Insch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line, between Inverurie and Huntly, from Aberdeen.
History
The station was opened by the Great North of Scotland Railway in 1854, on the route from Aberdeen to .
In 2019, the platforms were extended to a length of 160m as part of a series of improvements to the Aberdeen to Inverness line.
Facilities
The station building accommodates the Insch Connection Museum, which records the history of the railway in Insch and the local region. The station has two platforms, a signal box and a level crossing at its northern end. Both platforms are equipped with waiting rooms and benches. A help point is located on platform 2, whilst there is a ticket machine on platform 1, the latter of which is adjacent to the car park and some bike racks. Only platform 1 has step-free access - a footbridge connects the two platforms, and is the only way to get to platform 2.
Services
There is a basic two-hourly frequency in each directions (with peak extras), to via northbound and southbound (12 trains southbound, 11 northbound). The first departure to Aberdeen each weekday and Saturday continues south to Edinburgh Waverley, and another continues to Stonehaven in the evening. On Sundays there are five trains each way.
References
Bibliography
External links
Insch Connection Museum
Railway stations in Aberdeenshire
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1854
Railway museums in Scotland
Museums in Aberdeenshire
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
1854 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insch%20railway%20station |
The Sulitjelma Glacier (also: , , or ) is one of the largest glaciers in mainland Norway. The glacier is located in mostly in Norway, but the eastern part crosses over into Sweden. The Norwegian part is in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, about east of the town of Fauske. The Swedish part (where it is referred to as Salajekna) lies on the border of Arjeplog Municipality and Jokkmokk Municipality in Norrbotten County. When the whole glacier is considered, it is the largest glacier in Sweden.
The glacier's highest point is above sea level and its lowest point is at an elevation of . The glacier has retreated in recent years. The lake Låmivatnet lies just south of the glacier.
Stockholm University operates an automatic weather station near the glacier front.
See also
List of glaciers in Norway
References
The largest glaciers in Norway
Notes
Glaciers of Sweden
Glaciers of Nordland
Fauske
Landforms of Norrbotten County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulitjelma%20Glacier |
Inverurie railway station is a railway station serving the town of Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is managed by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line, which is mostly single track north of this point, between Kintore and Insch. It is measured from Aberdeen.
History
The first station, then called Inverury Station, was opened on 20 September 1854 on the Great North of Scotland Railway main line which ran between Aberdeen Waterloo and Keith stations. It was situated south of the present station. In 1856 it became the junction station for the new Inverury and Old Meldrum Junction Railway branch line to Oldmeldrum. Renamed Inverurie Station in 1866, it was replaced in 1902 with a new building with three platforms at the present location close to the Inverurie Locomotive Works which was then being built. The station ceased to be a junction station in 1931 when the branch line was closed to passengers although freight traffic continued until 1966.
The station, Category B listed, is single storied and has a cupola with windvane.
Inverury and Old Meldrum Junction Railway
The branch line to Oldmeldrum was opened by the Inverury and Old Meldrum Junction Railway company in 1856 and ran via to station (as it was then called). was opened in 1866 and the company was absorbed into the Great North of Scotland Railway also in that year. A proposed extension to the Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway was considered but this was never built. The line was closed for passengers in 1931 and for freight in 1966.
Facilities
Both platforms are equipped with shelters, help points and benches. Platform 1 also has a staffed ticket office, a ticket machine, separate waiting room and bike racks, which is also adjacent to the car park. There is a step-free access path at the end of the platforms, although there is also a footbridge in the centre of the station.
Services
As of May 2022, the stations sees approximately 1 train every 2 hours between and , calling at all stations, as well as an hourly shuttle to Montrose. One per day continues to and one to . There are additional shuttle services between here and Aberdeen to fill gaps in the service, giving 2 - 3 trains per hour between here and Aberdeen.
2018 improvements
Service frequencies improved here from 2018 as part of the timetable recast funded by Transport Scotland. A new "Aberdeen Crossrail" commuter service was introduced from here to , which calls at all intermediate stations en route once per hour. There are now at least two departures each hour to Aberdeen, with the existing through services to Inverness, Edinburgh & Glasgow maintained or increased in number. A £170 million project to upgrade the Aberdeen to Inverness route saw the line from Aberdeen redoubled in between June and August 2019.
References
Bibliography
External links
Category B listed buildings in Aberdeenshire
Railway stations in Aberdeenshire
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1854
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
1854 establishments in Scotland
Inverurie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverurie%20railway%20station |
Kjørnes is a small village area in the municipality of Sogndal in Vestland County, Norway. It is located at the inner part of the Sogndalsfjorden, about southeast of the municipal center of Sogndalsfjøra and about northwest of the village of Kaupanger. Kjørnes is a suburb or bedroom community for the village of Sogndalsfjøra. The village area sits along Norwegian National Road 5 on the steep, forested, hill leading down to the shore of the fjord.
The village has a population (2019) of 804 and a population density of .
References
Villages in Vestland
Sogndal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8rnes |
Austreim is a village in the municipality of Høyanger in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the north shore of the Sognefjorden, about southwest of the municipal center of Høyanger, about east of the village of Kyrkjebø, and about southeast of the village of Vadheim where there is access to the European route E39 highway. The village has a population (2019) of 376 and a population density of .
The village of Austreim was the site of a medieval stave church that was first mentioned in historical records in 1308. The church was torn down in the 1600s and a new church was built about to the west in Kyrkjebø where the present Kyrkjebø Church is located. A memorial stone was erected in 1991 to mark the site of the historic church.
References
Villages in Vestland
Høyanger | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austreim |
Byrknes is a fishing village in Gulen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the western shore of the island of Byrknesøyna. It is about southwest of the municipal center of Eivindvik, about west of the village of Dalsøyra, and about northwest of the Mongstad industrial area in neighboring Lindås and Austrheim municipalities to the south. The Sognesjøen strait is located to the northwest of the village.
The village has a population (2019) of 294 and a population density of .
There is a coastal museum, Kystmuseum, located in Byrknes. The nearest church is Mjømna Church, located about to the northeast in the village of Mjømna on the neighboring island of Mjømna. It is connected to the mainland by a series of bridges over the island and neighboring islands to the east.
References
Villages in Vestland
Gulen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrknes |
Eivindvik is the administrative centre of the municipality of Gulen in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the mainland, along the north shore of the Gulafjorden. It is also located about south of the village of Dingja (and the lake Dingevatn), about northwest of the village of Dalsøyra, and about northeast of the village of Byrknes.
Eivindvik is the commercial centre of the municipality as well as the seat of government for the municipality. Gulen Church has been located in Eivindvik for centuries. The village has a population (2019) of 315 and a population density of .
This area has an ancient history, since the Gulating met in this area in the years 900—1300, creating laws which governed most of Western Norway.
Name
The municipality of Gulen was originally named after this village. There have been many spelling variations throughout the past few centuries: Evindvig, Evenvig, or Evenvik. The name of the municipality was officially changed to Gulen on 1 July 1890, but the village name remained as Eivindvik.
Media gallery
References
Villages in Vestland
Gulen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eivindvik |
The following is a list of timekeeping terminology in the isiXhosa language.
Month names
Traditional
The traditional isiXhosa names for months of the year poetically come from names of stars, plants, and flowers that grow or seasonal changes that happen at a given time of year in Southern Africa.
The Xhosa year traditionally begins in June and ends in May when the brightest star visible in the Southern Hemisphere, Canopus, signals the time for harvesting.
In urban areas today, anglicized versions of the months are used, especially by the younger generation, but in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape, the old names still stand.
Month by month they are, in relation with:
Gregorian
Seasons
Autumn - eKwindla
Winter - uBusika
Spring - iNtlako hlaza/iNtwasahlobo
Summer - iHlobo
Days of the week
Sunday - iCawa
Monday - uMvulo
Tuesday - uLwesibini
Wednesday - uLwesithathu
Thursday - uLwesine
Friday - uLwesihlanu
Saturday - uMgqibelo
See also
Xhosa language
Xhosa people
Xhosa clan names
Zulu calendar
Further reading
Kirsch et al., Clicking with Xhosa, David Phillip Publishers, Cape Town, 2001, p. 43f.
Calendar
Calendar
Specific calendars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa%20calendar |
Dyce railway station is a railway station serving the suburb of Dyce, Aberdeen, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line, with some trains operating on the Edinburgh to Aberdeen Line and Glasgow to Aberdeen Line also extended to call at Dyce and Inverurie. It is sited from Aberdeen, being the first stop north of the station.
History
The station here was opened (along with the line) in 1854 by the Great North of Scotland Railway. It later became a junction for the Formartine and Buchan Railway, which diverged here and headed north to Peterhead and Fraserburgh; this opened to traffic in 1861 and had its own platforms alongside the main line ones. Passenger services over both branches ended as a result of the Beeching Axe on 4 October 1965 but the station remained open until 6 May 1968. Freight continued to Peterhead until 1970 and to Fraserburgh until October 1979. There is still evidence on the ground of the old branch platforms which sat on the site of the station car park. The former branch lines are now a long distance cycle path, accessible from the western end of the car park.
The station was reopened by British Rail on 15 September 1984.
Signalling
Dyce signal box, which opened in 1880, was a tall structure located at the south (Aberdeen) end of the station, on the east side of the railway. In 1928, the box was provided with a new frame of 46 levers, subsequently reduced in size to 26 levers.
Dyce lost its semaphore signals in October 2007 when new colour light signals were brought into use. The lever frame was removed from the signal box (renamed from "Dyce Junction" to "Dyce") and a new relay interlocking and 'NX' (entrance-exit) panel was installed, initially housed inside a temporary signal box.
The signal box was demolished in August 2019 as part of upgrades to the Inverness to Aberdeen line that saw the track between Inverurie and Aberdeen be doubled. The box had been offered for sale but due to its close proximity to a working line, no use could be found for it and nobody wanted to remove the box to another location.
Raiths Farm
A new freight terminal, named "Raiths Farm", has been built to the north of Dyce station, in a field on the west side of the railway. Construction of the terminal was completed in November 2007. The Raiths Farm facility replaced the Guild Street yard at , allowing the latter site, which occupied valuable land close to the city centre, to be redeveloped.
The Raiths Farm layout comprises arrival and departure lines to the north and south, a run-round loop and four sidings. The facility began operations in 2009.
Location
Although Dyce station is located next to the runway of Aberdeen Airport, and aircraft can be seen landing and taking off from the station platform, there is no direct link between Dyce station and the airport, as the passenger terminal is the other side of the runway.
Facilities
The station has two platforms connected by a new fully accessible footbridge, implemented in 2014. The station is unstaffed and there is no ticket office, but automatic ticket vending machines are provided. Other facilities include car park, taxi rank, cycle storage, seating and a simple shelter on each platform. Automated announcements, customer help points, timetable posters and train information displays offer running information. Both platforms are fully accessible for disabled passengers, with lifts in the footbridge and level access from the main car park to platform 2.
Services
There is a half hourly service in each direction Mondays to Saturdays to Aberdeen and Inverurie, with eleven of the latter trains continuing to Inverness. Seven Aberdeen trains run through to Edinburgh and one (two on Saturdays) to Glasgow, along with an evening commuter service to . There are nine southbound and eleven northbound departures on Sundays, five of the latter running to Inverness.
2018 Service improvements
Service frequencies were improved here from 2018 as part of a timetable recast funded by Transport Scotland. An "Aberdeen Crossrail" commuter service was introduced between Montrose and , which will call here and the other intermediate stations en-route once per hour in each direction. The Aberdeen to Inverurie frequency was upped to every 30 minutes, with several of the existing Inverness trains combined with Aberdeen to Glasgow & Edinburgh express services to maintain through journey opportunities. A £170 million project to upgrade the Aberdeen to Inverness line also saw the track through here redoubled by 2019.
The first stage of this work began in May 2018, with trains from the north terminating here and a rail-replacement bus service in operation to/from Aberdeen to allow the required track and signalling improvements to be carried out. The line was closed from 12 May until 19 August 2018. The line was duly redoubled between Aberdeen and Inverurie by the end of 2019.
Connections
Until May 2017 Stagecoach Bluebird's operated a 80 Jet Connect bus shuttle service between Dyce station and Aberdeen Airport, but this service was discontinued due to low passenger numbers. In 2019, First Aberdeen launched its X27 service which connects the railway station to the airport, heliports, and the P&J Live.
A more frequent bus connection to Dyce airport, the 727, runs from Aberdeen railway station, the next stop south of Dyce.
References
External links
Railscot - Dyce
Railway stations in Aberdeen
Airport railway stations in the United Kingdom
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1854
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1984
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Beeching closures in Scotland
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
1854 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyce%20railway%20station |
Mogrenda is a village in the municipality of Stad in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located at the western end of the lake Hornindalsvatnet along the river Eidselva. It is about east of the village of Nordfjordeid, about north of the village of Lote, and about west of the village of Heggjabygda.
The European route E39 highway and the Norwegian National Road 15 run concurrently through Mogrenda. These road connections link Mogrenda to Nordfjordeid to the west, Volda to the north, Otta to the east, and Sandane to the south.
The village has a population (2018) of 348 and a population density of .
References
Villages in Vestland
Stad, Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogrenda |
Transtar was the model name given to the line of pickup trucks produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, from 1956-1958 and 1960-1963 (although the last vehicles were sold as 1964 models). The name was used on most trucks in the Studebaker E-series, but not all. The Transtar name was first introduced for the 1956 (2E series) model year in 1/2-ton, 3/4-ton, 1-ton, 2-ton, and 2-ton heavy duty capacities. The three smaller models were available with factory-built pick-up bodies. The basic styling of these trucks dated back to the 1949 models, though they had received some styling and engineering changes in 1954 and 55. The Transtar name continued to be used on most of the 1957-58 3E series trucks, though a stripped-down Studebaker Scotsman model without the Transtar name was introduced in the 1958 model year. The 57-58 Transtars received an aggressive new fiberglass grille that attempted (largely successfully) to make Studebaker's outdated cab design look fresh and new. For unknown reasons, the Transtar name was dropped for the 1959 4E series Studebaker trucks and changed to Deluxe.
For 1960, Studebaker introduced a new line of 1/2-ton and 3/4-ton trucks under the name Studebaker Champ. The Champs used front-end and cab sheetmetal from the 1959-60 Lark passenger cars, mated to their existing light-duty truck chassis and drive trains. The Champs were created in response to the Ford Ranchero (introduced in 1957) and Chevrolet El Camino (introduced in 1959), which used passenger car styling and features in a light-duty pickup truck. The Transtar name reappeared on Studebaker's medium- and heavy-duty trucks (1- and 2-ton) for 1960, and continued to be used on these trucks up through its 1964 models. Studebaker suspended production of all of its truck models when it closed its United States factory in December 1963.
External links
Studebaker Trucks link w/images
Transtar
Pickup trucks
1960s cars
Cars introduced in 1956
Cars discontinued in 1963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studebaker%20Transtar |
Andesaurus ( ; "Andes lizard") is a genus of basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur which existed during the middle of the Cretaceous Period in South America. Like most sauropods, belonging to one of the largest animals ever to walk the Earth, it would have had a small head on the end of a long neck and an equally long tail.
History of discovery
In 1991, paleontologists Jorge Orlando Calvo and José Fernando Bonaparte named Andesaurus, which refers to the Andes and also includes the Greek word sauros ("lizard"), because of the proximity of this animal's remains to the Andes. Andesaurus fossils were found by Alejandro Delgado, after whom the single known species (A. delgadoi) is named.
The only known material of Andesaurus is a partial skeleton consisting of a series of four vertebrae from the lower back, as well as 27 tail vertebrae, divided up into two series from separate parts of the tail. The vertebrae from the middle part of its tail had elongated centra. Elements of the pelvis were also discovered, including two ischia and a pubis bone, along with rib fragments and an incomplete humerus and femur.
Description
Andesaurus was a medium sized sauropod, reaching in length and in body mass.
The dorsal vertebrae of Andesaurus bear the typical features of an centrum and large lateral (pneumatic depression). Unlike related Phuwiangosaurus, there is no ventral keel under any of the vertebrae, and there is a pneumatic feature on the front of the , the latter being found in most neosauropods. Potentially diagnostic for Andesaurus, there is an additional ridge supporting the lower articulation for the ribs (), although poor preservation in other vertebrae means it can only be identified on one bone. The of Andesaurus are smaller than more basal sauropods, but less reduced than in Argentinosaurus or Epachthosaurus, where the surface is only articular ridges, and also less reduced than more derived titanosaurs where the articulation is entirely absent. Pre- and post-spinal are present in the vertebrae of Andesaurus, like in other somphospondylans.
Tail vertebrae (caudals) of Andesaurus are slightly , where the anterior face is concave and the posterior face of convex. This convexity is less prominent than more derived titanosaurs, but is still diagnostic of the clade as a whole. The first caudal has a flat anterior and slightly convex posterior face, different from the subsequent vertebrae similar to in Epachthosaurus. A prominent depression is present on the bottom surface of some anterior caudals, a feature present in diplodocids and multiple titanosaurs. Anterior caudals are shorter proportionally, the bones becoming almost double the proportional length towards the end of the tail. Lateral pleurocoels are present on some vertebrae, as well as small lateral foramina. These foramina are known in some titanosaurs and non-titanosaurs, but their phylogenetic distribution is poorly understood. Like in all titanosauriformes, the neural arch is on the anterior portion of the centrum, and the neural spines are elongate and rectangular. The variation along the caudal series is similar to Epachthosaurus and Malawisaurus.
Classification
Several plesiomorphic (primitive) features characterize Andesaurus as the most basal known member of Titanosauria. In fact, this clade has been defined to contain Andesaurus, Saltasaurus, their most recent common ancestor, and all of its descendants. The most prominent plesiomorphy is the articulations between its tail vertebrae. In most derived titanosaurs, the tail vertebrae articulate with ball-and-socket joints, with the hollowed-out socket end on the front (procoelous caudal vertebrae), while in Andesaurus, both ends of the vertebrae are flat (amphiplatyan caudals), as seen in many non-titanosaurian sauropods. Andesaurus itself is only characterized by a single feature, the tall neural spines on top of its back vertebrae, and needs further study.
Some other basal titanosaurs from Argentina, including Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus, were also sauropods of enormous size. The most derived group of titanosaurs, the Saltasauridae, included some of the smallest known sauropods, including Saltasaurus itself. Thus it is possible that the largest sizes were attained among the more basal members of the clade.
Palaeoecology
These fossils were discovered in the Candeleros Formation, the oldest formation within the Neuquén Group of Neuquén Province, Argentina. This formation dates to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, about 99.6 to 97 million years ago. For the most part, the Candeleros represents an ancient braided river system. Besides Andesaurus, the formation also contains fossils of the theropods Buitreraptor and Giganotosaurus, as well as other sauropods including the rebbachisaurid Limaysaurus.
References
Bibliography
Novas, F.E., Salgado, L., Calvo, J.O., & Agnolin, F. 2005. Giant titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 7(1): 37-41.
Salgado, L., Coria, R.A., & Calvo, J.O. 1997. Evolution of titanosaurid Sauropods. I: Phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana. 34: 3-32.
Tidwell, V., Carpenter, K. & Meyer, S. 2001. New Titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. D. H. Tanke & K. Carpenter (eds.). Indiana University Press, Eds. D.H. Tanke & K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press. 139-165.
Upchurch, P., Barrett, P.M, & Dodson, P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., & Osmolska, H. (Eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 259–322.
Further reading
Calvo, J.O. & Bonaparte, J.F. 1991. "Andesaurus delgadoi gen. et sp. nov. (Saurischia-Sauropoda), dinosaurio Titanosauridae de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano-Cenomaniano), Neuquén, Argentina" [Andesaurus delgadoi n. g. n. sp. (Saurischia, Sauropoda) a titanosaurid dinosaur from the Río Limay Formation (Albian-Cenomanian), Neuquén, Argentina.] Ameghiniana. 28: 303-310. [In Spanish]
Wilson, J.A. & Upchurch, P. 2003. A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria – Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology'' 1(3): 125–160.
Titanosaurs
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Cenomanian life
Fossil taxa described in 1991
Taxa named by Jorge O. Calvo
Taxa named by José Bonaparte
Candeleros Formation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andesaurus |
The Diocese of Darjeeling is a Latin Roman Catholic suffragan diocese situated in the north east of India, in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Calcutta, yet depends on the missionary Dicastery for Evangelization.
It includes within its territory the independent (essentially Buddhist) Himalayan state of Bhutan, where Christianity is practiced by a tiny minority and proselytism is forbidden.
The cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Immaculate Conception Cathedral, in Darjeeling, West Bengal state, India.
Statistics
New data from the Annuario Pontifico 2022 reveals as of 2021, it pastorally served 37,320 Catholics (2.4% of 1,535,370 total) on 9,521 km² in 60 parishes and missions with 147 priests (83 diocesan, 64 religious), 384 lay religious (98 brothers, 286 sisters).
History
Established on 15 February 1929 as Mission sui juris of Sikkim, on territories split off from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Calcutta and Apostolic Vicariate of Tatsienlu 打箭爐)
Promoted on 16 June 1931 as Apostolic Prefecture of Sikkim
Promoted on 8 August 1962 and renamed after ist see as Diocese of Darjeeling / 大吉嶺 (正體中文)
Lost territory on 14 June 1997 to establish the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagdogra.
Ordinaries
(all Roman Rite)
Ecclesiastical Superior of Sikkim
Father Jules Elmire Douénel, Paris Foreign Missions Society (M.E.P.) (born France) (19 February 1929 – 16 June 1931 see below)
Apostolic Prefects of Sikkim
Father Jules Elmire Douénel, M.E.P. † (see above 19 February 1929 – retired 16 June 1931)
Father Aurelio Gianora C.R.S.M.A. † (d. 31 Dec 1995) (14 May 1937 – resigned 8 August 1962)
Suffragan Bishops of Darjeeling
Most Rev. Eric Benjamin (born India) (8 August 1962 – died 12 May 1994)
Most Rev. Stephen Lepcha (born India) (14 June 1997).
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in India
References
Sources and external links
GCatholic.org with incumbent bio links - data for all sections
www.catholic-hierarchy.org - Statistics on the Diocese of Darjeeling
Roman Catholic dioceses in India
Christianity in West Bengal
Catholic Church in Bhutan
1920s establishments in Sikkim | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Darjeeling |
Grodås is a village in Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located along the river Horndøla on the eastern end of the lake Hornindalsvatnet, about southwest of the mountain Hornindalsrokken. The village sits at the eastern end of the Kviven Tunnel, part of the new route for the European route E39 highway.
The village has a population (2018) of 484 and a population density of .
The village area is a tourist destination, with the natural environment, mountains and lake acting as a tourist attraction. It is also home to the Anders Svor Museum. Hornindal Church is located in the village. The industries located in the Grodås area include wood and furniture making as well as vacation home construction.
The village was the administrative centre of Hornindal Municipality until 2020.
References
Villages in Møre og Romsdal
Volda | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grod%C3%A5s |
Iturralde Crater (also called Araona Crater) is an diameter circular geophysical feature in Madidi National Park in the Bolivian portion of the Amazon Rainforest, first identified from Landsat satellite imagery in 1985. The structure is located in a remote area in the Abel Iturralde Province of La Paz Department and was visited by researchers in 2002. Based on the presence of millions of glass beads, it has been hypothesised that the structure was created in the Late Pleistocene (between 30,000 and 11,000 years ago) by the air burst of a non-impacting meteorite, similar to the Tunguska event in 1908.
Description
The structure was identified on the basis of Landsat imagery in 1985. It is located between the Manupari and Madidi Rivers. Being so circular, it is argued that it may be a meteorite crater. Because it is in an area of active sediment accumulation by rivers, it must be a geologically young feature, with estimates of its age ranging between 11,000 and 30,000 years. Unlike other young craters, it is very flat, so if it is of impact origin, perhaps the crater sunk into the soft sediments leaving only a circular 'ghost' marking the original rim.
The site is very remote, but has been visited twice by scientific investigators, most recently by a team from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in September 2002.
In both cases, the expeditions failed to find conclusive evidence for the origin of the feature.
Later research of the samples collected in 2002 revealed tiny clusters composed of many glass beads in peak abundances of up to 90 clusters per kilogram at depths of . Some glassy fragments contain hundreds to thousands of bead clusters of almost sub-micron sizes, and the total number of such spheres is estimated as millions per kg. About 90% of the beads are rich in oxides of Al-Si-Ca-Fe, with up to 4.4% TiO2. The rest are mostly iron-rich beads with small amounts of Al and Ca. The presence of the glassy material supports the hypothesis that the Iturralde crater may have formed during an explosion (air burst) as a result of atmospheric impact by a low density extraterrestrial body.
For an air burst to have occurred, the extraterrestrial body must have been small enough and/or possessed low enough density (e.g. porous ice or stone) that made it unable to penetrate the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface to form a classical impact crater. If so, the impactor would have encountered the atmosphere at velocities of approximately , and the released energy of the airburst would have been comparable to or greater than any known nuclear explosion. Extreme heat created by such atmospheric disruption would have formed convection cells that lifted the surface unconsolidated material into the fireball, where it melted and subsequently settled to Earth in the form of glass beads. The hypervelocity plume of such an airburst could have reached the ground and created the bowl-like feature visible today.
See also
List of possible impact structures on Earth
Campo del Cielo
Río Cuarto craters
References
Bibliography
Impact craters of South America
Possible impact craters on Earth
Pleistocene impact craters
Pleistocene Bolivia
Geology of Bolivia
Landforms of La Paz Department (Bolivia) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iturralde%20crater |
Hawar Mulla Mohammed Taher Zebari (; ; born 1 June 1981) is an Iraqi former professional footballer.
He played as a winger or wingback for Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Ansar, Apollon Limassol, Al Khor, Anorthosis, Persepolis, Esteghlal, Zob Ahan, and Erbil before retiring on 11 June 2015.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Iraq's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mohammed goal.
Honours
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya
Iraqi Premier League: 2004–05; runner-up: 2000–01, 2001–02, 2014–15
Ansar
Lebanese Premier League: 2005–06
Lebanese FA Cup: 2005–06
Apollon Limassol
Cypriot Super Cup: 2006
Persepolis
Hazfi Cup: 2009–10
Esteghlal
Persian Gulf Cup runner-up: 2010–11
Erbil
AFC Cup runner-up: 2014
Iraq
West Asian Games Gold Medalist: 2005
AFC Asian Cup: 2007
Individual
Soccer Iraq Team of the Decade: 2010–2019
See also
List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps
References
External links
Hawar Mulla Mohammed on Goal.com
1981 births
Living people
People from Mosul
Iraqi Kurdish people
Iraqi men's footballers
Kurdish men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Al-Mosul SC players
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya players
Al Ansar FC players
Apollon Limassol FC players
Al Ain FC players
Al-Khor SC players
Anorthosis Famagusta FC players
Persepolis F.C. players
Erbil SC players
Esteghlal F.C. players
Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. players
Zakho SC players
Iraq Stars League players
Lebanese Premier League players
Cypriot First Division players
UAE Pro League players
Qatar Stars League players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Iraqi expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Lebanon
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in Lebanon
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in Iran
Iraq men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for Iraq
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
FIFA Men's Century Club | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawar%20Mulla%20Mohammed |
Prisoner is the 16th studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on October 22, 1979 by Casablanca Records. The album was a commercial failure and failed to chart. "Hell on Wheels" was released as the lead single and had a moderate success, peaking at number fifty-nine on the Billboard Hot 100.
Album information
Prisoner (initially planned to be released under the title Mirror Image) was Cher's second album of 1979, and was released nine months after Take Me Home.
This was the last album of Cher's to date to be produced by Bob Esty, with Esty and Michelle Aller contributing several of the songs. Compared to the disco style of Take Me Home, Prisoner featured a relatively new wave sound. Prisoner also marked the first time that Cher released an album which featured songs that were written exclusively for her.
The producer wanted to take advantage of Cher's image and the media obsession with her. On the front cover of the album, she appears to be completely naked, with long hair draped to cover her breasts. She is wrapped in chains and wearing a wide metal collar. Her wrists and ankles are tightly shackled with wide metal bands. The cover spurred controversy among some women's rights groups for her perceived "sex slave" image.
Originally the album was planned to be titled Mirror Image, pointing out Cher's known brave side and her newly found 'wild disco' side. Since Cher wasn't really into the album (she wanted to "rock out") she kept on refusing songs on one hand and adding songs on the other hand. "Boys & Girls", a more rock-based song was added by Cher. Since there was nothing left from the album's original plan, the title was changed into Prisoner before release.
Prisoner has been released on CD together with the first Casablanca Records album Take Me Home, in a CD entitled, The Casablanca Years. This CD unites all the tracks from both albums, merging them onto one single CD.
Promotion
Cher recorded an exclusive TV special called Cher...and Other Fantasies, featuring sketches, the unreleased tracks "Like a Number", a new version of "More than You Know" and the song "Ain't Nobody's Business" which was performed in the Take Me Home Tour.
Singles
"Hell on Wheels", the lead single from the album reached only number fifty-nine on the Billboard Hot 100. To promote the single a video was filmed. In it, Cher was featured wearing roller skates being followed by some truckers. The song was also included in the original soundtrack to the film, Roller Boogie.
"Holdin' Out For Love" was released in Japan as a promotional single, and in the UK as a commercial 7", which failed to chart.
Track listing
Personnel
Cher – main vocals
Michelle Aller, Arnold McCuller, Luther Vandross, Ginger Blake, Laura Creamer, Linda Dillard – background vocals
Richard Tee – Hammond B3 organ
Jeff Porcaro, Alvin Taylor, Rick Shlosser, Mike Baird – drums
Kim Hutchcroft – flute, saxophone
Gary Herbig – saxophone
Bill Reichenbach Jr. – trombone
John Pierce – bass guitar
David Williams, Robby Krieger, Steve Lukather, Ira Newborn, Joey Brasler – guitar
Tom Snow – keyboards
David Paich – piano
John Hobbs – piano, Hammond organ
Dan Wyman – synthesizer, programming
Bob Esty – piano, synthesizer, background vocals, string arrangements
Victor Feldman – timpani, tambourine
Paulinho Da Costa, Larry Emerine, Alan Estes, Oliver C. Brown – percussion
Jerry Hey – horn arrangements
Sid Sharp – concertmaster
Technical
Larry Emerine – co-producer, engineer
Harry Langdon – photography
References
External links
1979 albums
Cher albums
Casablanca Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner%20%28Cher%20album%29 |
Kanjar Ro is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics.
Publication history
He first appeared in Justice League of America #3 (February 1961) in the story "The Slave Ship of Space", and was created by Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky.
Fictional character biography
Kanjar Ro is the dictator of the planet Dhor in the Antares star system. Dhor is constantly at war with three other Antarean worlds: Alstair, ruled by the plant-like Queen Hyathis; Mosteel, ruled by the metal-skinned Kromm; and Llarr, ruled by the lizard-like Emperor Sayyar. In his first appearance, he enslaves the Justice League with his Gamma Gong, and uses them to battle the other three monarchs by threatening to leave all humanity in a paralyzed state, to only be released if all three monarchs spoke Kanjar Ro's name at the same time. The League is able to defeat all three monarchs, and also defeat him, despite him taking away the monarchs' voices with his energi-rod (the League had recorded their voices so humanity was freed). The JLA imprisons all four monarchs on a small planet around which Green Lantern creates a power ring barrier.
Ro escapes after the four villains make a crack in the barrier with their thought waves, but leaves the other three behind. Ro makes several attempts to conquer Rann, prompting the League to team-up with Adam Strange. He first uses radiation from Rann's Triple-Star to become three times as powerful as Superman and nearly defeats the JLA, but Adam defeats him with his own Dhorite Energi-rod (like Superman is weakened by Kryptonite, Kanjar is vulnerable to Dhorite) and imprisons Ro in a prison with bars of Dhorite. For some reason the yellow radiation he released means Adam cannot stay on Rann for more than a year. While the people of the planet Rann are distracted, Kanjar Ro creates a duplicate of himself from his own aura and leaves it in his place. He then uses the auras of the Flash, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, the Atom, and Aquaman to create doubles to draw the other members of the Justice League into various traps which Kanjar Ro has devised. The real members of the JLA are able to spot the duplicates as they do not have the same weaknesses or personalities as the real JLA members. Kanjor Ro's duplicate, upset at being left behind, reveals the real Ro's plan to the JLA, who return the camouflaged Earth back to its proper location and re-imprison the real Ro.
Following the Crisis on Infinite Earths Kanjar Ro is reintroduced in Hawkworld as a plotting bureaucrat in the Thanagarian Ministry of Alien Affairs. This was originally intended to take place prior to JLA #3, but is later revealed to occur in the present. Ro's pre-Crisis background still exists, however, as his Gamma Gong is kept in the Justice League Watchtower's trophy room.
Kanjar Ro subsequently appears in both Superman and JLA (vol. 3) attempting to conquer planets through force or guile. Kanjar Ro's sister, Kanjar Ru, appears in Valor as the warden of the Starlag II prison. Kanjar Ro is mentioned in Justice League of America #4 in passing by Black Lightning. He later appears in Justice League of America #19 on the planet Cygnus 4019, the intended prison planet for Earth's supervillains. After attempting to capture the League (who had come to check on the prisoners) he reveals that he planned to take control of the villains upon their arrival, only for their teleport beams to be redirected elsewhere.
Kanjar Ro appears in Trinity, having disguised himself as Despero to take his place in a ritual that takes the positions of "keystones of the universe" from Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman. Although the ritual is successful, granting Morgaine le Fey and Enigma great power, Kanjar gains nothing, due to his deception. Revealed as a fake, Kanjar flees Morgaine and Enigma, but is confronted by a vengeful Despero. He barters the location of the imprisoned Crime Syndicate of Amerika in exchange for leniency; after this, he is ignored when he demands vengeance against Morgaine, and is taken to Krona's polar base, from where he radios for the heroes to save himself from the destruction Krona prepares for Earth. In the end, as the Green Lanterns take custody of Despero's massive alien armada, he reveals he has copied Krona's files and notes and is ready to sell them to the highest bidder. He is last seen ready to sneak away from the fleet en route to the prison planet Takron-Galtos.
Kanjar Ro is later seen in the Oan prison cells, and is present during a mass breakout. Unwilling to be killed by the rioting prisoners, Kanjar bargains with Kyle Rayner, offering to help quell the riot in exchange for leniency on his sentence. This pact later saves Kanjar's life; Guardians had ordered the Alpha Lanterns to kill all the escaped prisoners, and Kyle is able to convince the Guardians to spare Kanjar by citing his assistance during the riot.
After presumably being released from Oa, Kanjar Ro returns to Dhor and resumes his rule of the planet just as Starro the Conqueror begins his latest conquest. Vril Dox erects a forcefield barrier, stopping the spread of Starro's invasion, but also trapping a number of planets with the Star Conqueror, Dhor and Kanjar Ro included. Kanjar Ro is seen telling Dox he "will consider" Dox's request for his assistance in stopping Starro. After ending their communication, several members of Vril Dox's R.E.B.E.L.S. team speculate that Kanjar Ro is more likely to cut a deal with Starro to save himself rather than throw in with Dox. However, Kanjar Ro seeks the R.E.B.E.L.S.' help when Starro's horde begin their invasion of Dhor, and is denied by the Dominator Xylon. When Kanjar tries to use his gamma gong against the horde, Starro's general Smite shatters it to pieces. As Smite is about to kill Kanjar, Adam Strange, who had just heeded Dox's call for help, zeta-beams himself and Kanjar away to the R.E.B.E.L.S.' temporary base. It is revealed that Dox had originally sent Strange to retrieve the gamma gong, not its inventor, who Dox described as a "dithering idiot". Nevertheless, Kanjar Ro is currently a member of the R.E.B.E.L.S. team.
Powers and abilities
Kanjar Ro is a cunning strategist and relies on advanced alien weaponry. He carries an Energi-Rod that allows him to levitate and communicate through hyper-space.
Other versions
Kanjar Ro appears in Justice League Unlimited #4.
In Green Lantern comics, an alien race called the Laroo have a distinct likeness to Kanjar Ro except they are blue.
The 1980s series Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew presented the parallel Earth of "Earth-C-Minus", a world populated by talking animal superheroes that paralleled the mainstream DC Universe. Kanjar Ro had an Earth-C-Minus counterpart named "Kangar-Roo", an alien kangaroo who battled his universe's heroic Just'a Lotta Animals, paralleling the story seen in Justice League of America (volume 1) #3.
In the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen volume 3 backup feature, Minions of the Moon, the Galley-Wag escaped from slavery aboard a space ship propelled by oar-like devices, similar to Kanjar Ro's in his first appearance. His captors are said to come from Antares, and are described as pink-skinned with compound eyes and wearing short shorts. One is named Kelger Vo.
JLA/Avengers
Kanjar Ro is among the enthralled villains defending Krona's stronghold in #4. He is shown fighting Yellowjacket.
In other media
Television
Kanjar Ro appears in the Justice League episode "In Blackest Night", voiced by René Auberjonois.
Kanjar Ro appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Marc Worden. In his most notable appearance in the episode "The Rise of the Blue Beetle!", he captures Gribbles to use them as fuel. When Batman and Blue Beetle arrive to stop him, he uses a sonic wave-emitting Gamma Gong to separate the latter from his scarab and bond with it until Jaime uses the gong himself to defeat him. In subsequent appearances, Ro fights Batman, among other heroes, alongside space pirates and an army of robots before he is eventually eaten by an alien creature while attempting to destroy the planet Rann.
Kanjar Ro appears in the Justice League Action episode "All Aboard the Space Train", voiced by Khary Payton.
Film
Kanjar Ro appears in Green Lantern: First Flight, voiced by Kurtwood Smith. This version has squid-like facial features and an insectoid body with wings. He joins forces with Sinestro to obtain the "yellow element" and have the Weaponers of Qward convert it into a Power Ring for the latter. After doing so, Sinestro kills Ro and frames Hal Jordan for it before briefly resurrecting Ro to learn where Qward is. Ro's corpse is subsequently incinerated in a battle between Kilowog and Jordan against Sinestro's accomplice Boodikka.
References
7. DC's Legends of Tomorrow season 1 episode 7 Rip Hunter signals his ship to perform pre-planned maneuvers using the phrase 'Kanjar Ro'.
External links
Toon Zone: Kanjar Ro
DCU Guide: Kanjar Ro chronology
Characters created by Gardner Fox
Characters created by Mike Sekowsky
Comics characters introduced in 1961
Fictional dictators
Fictional mass murderers
DC Comics extraterrestrial supervillains
DC Comics male supervillains
Space pirates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanjar%20Ro |
The Scottish football champions are the winners of the highest league in Scottish football, namely the Scottish Football League (SFL) from 1890 until 1998, the Scottish Premier League (SPL) from 1998 until 2013 and the Scottish Premiership thereafter.
The SFL was established in 1890, initially as an amateur league until professionalism in Scottish football was legalised in 1893. At the end of the first season Dumbarton and Rangers finished level on points at the top of the table. The rules in force at the time required that the teams contest a play-off match for the championship, which finished in a 2–2 draw, and the first ever championship was thus shared between two clubs, the only occasion on which this has happened. In 1893 a lower division was formed, with the existing division renamed Division One. The higher tier continued during World War I but the league was suspended altogether during World War II. Although there were several short spells when a third level was created, the two-division structure remained largely in place until 1975, when a major re-organisation of the league led to a new three-tier setup and the creation of a new Premier Division at the highest level. In 1998, the teams then in the Premier Division broke away to form the SPL, which supplanted the Premier Division as the highest level of football in Scotland. The SPL and SFL merged in 2013 to form the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL), which branded its top division as the Scottish Premiership.
Throughout its existence the championship of Scottish football has been dominated by two Glasgow clubs, Celtic and Rangers. The two rivals, who are collectively known as the "Old Firm", have claimed the vast majority of league titles. As of 2023, Rangers have won 55 and Celtic 53, while no other club has won the title on more than four occasions. No club outside the Old Firm has won the title since the 1984–85 season, when the Aberdeen side managed by Alex Ferguson won the Premier Division. The current 38-year period of dominance by the Old Firm is a record; the previous longest streak was 27 years, between 1904 and 1931. Each of the Old Firm clubs has managed a run of nine consecutive championships: Celtic from 1966 to 1974 and again from 2012 to 2020, and Rangers from 1989 to 1997. Each of the two clubs has also claimed the double, by winning the league and the Scottish Cup in the same season, on many occasions. As of the end of the 2022–23 season, Celtic have won 19 doubles and Rangers 18. The only other club to have won a league and Scottish Cup double is Aberdeen, in 1983–84. Both Old Firm clubs have completed a treble (Celtic 8 times; Rangers 7) by also winning the Scottish League Cup. In the 1966–67 season, Celtic took all three domestic trophies, and also won the European Cup to complete the only quadruple to date.
Champions
Key:
Scottish Football League (1890–1893)
Scottish Football League Division One (1893–1946)
Scottish Football League Division 'A' (1946–1955)
Scottish Football League Division One (1955–1975)
Scottish Football League Premier Division (1975–1998)
Scottish Premier League (1998–2013)
Scottish Premiership (2013–present)
Total titles won
Clubs participating in the 2023–24 Scottish Premiership are denoted in bold type.
Clubs no longer active are denoted in italics.
By city/town
Teams in Italics are defunct, and cannot win any more championships
Teams in Bold currently participate in the Scottish Premiership
See also
List of Scottish Cup finals
List of Scottish League Cup finals
Notes
References
Scotland
champions
Champions
Champions
Champions
Champions
Scottish football | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Scottish%20football%20champions |
Tynan () is a village, townland (of 375 acres) and civil parish in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated largely in the historic barony of Tiranny, with some areas in the barony of Armagh, around west of Armagh City.
Tynan had a population of 71 people (35 households) in the 2011 Census. (2001 Census: 71 people)
History
Tynan won the status as the most well-preserved rural Irish village in 1993.
The Troubles
On January 21, 1981, Sir Norman Stronge, 8th Baronet (86), Ulster Unionist Party member, and former Speaker at Stormont, and his son, James Stronge (48), an off-duty member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary reserve, were shot dead by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) at their mansion, Tynan Abbey, Tynan.
Places of interest
Tynan Abbey has an extensive demesne, a country house belonging to the Stronge family was situated here until it was destroyed by the Provisional IRA in 1981. The ruins have since been demolished. The grounds hold an extensive cemetery with grave stones going back centuries and others worn beyond recognition.
Tynan has a High cross in the village's church yard, dating from 700 to 900. It shows a carving of Adam and Eve under an apple tree.
Transport
The Ulster Railway opened the station on 25 May 1858 as Tynan, Caledon & Midleton. In 1876 the Ulster Railway merged with other railways to become the Great Northern Railway (Ireland).
Tynan was formerly served by mainline trains of the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) and was also the eastern terminus of the narrow gauge Clogher Valley Railway. Tynan railway station on the Clogher Valley railway opened on 2 May 1887 and shut 1 January 1942. Tynan and Caledon railway station on the mainline opened on 25 May 1858 and shut on 1 October 1957.
People
Peter McManus, recipient of the Victoria Cross.
The antiquarian William Reeves was the Church of Ireland Rector of Tynan in the 1860s.
Civil parish of Tynan
The civil parish contains the villages of Killylea, Middletown and Tynan.
See also
List of civil parishes of County Armagh
References
Lewis 1842 - Tynan
Armagh villages
External links
Villages in County Armagh
Townlands of County Armagh
Armagh City and District Council | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynan |
The Parc and Dare Hall, now known as the Park and Dare Theatre (), is a former Miners' institute but now serves as a large entertainment venue in the village of Treorchy, in the Rhondda Valley of Wales. Since the demolition of the Abercynon Workingmen's Hall, the Parc and Dare Workingmen's Hall is the largest in the South Wales Coalfield. It is a Grade II* listed building.
History
The Parc and Dare Hall was built in 1892, and began its life as a working men's library and institute. The workers of the Park and the Dare Collieries funded the building by a donating a penny from each pound of their wages. It was a place where the miners could meet and socialise and featured a bar and a library.
In the early twentieth century work began on the Parc and Dare Hall, adding a large theatre, initially to be used as a variety show venue. In 1913 the theatre was completed, the external style of the building being influenced by the contemporary architecture of Welsh Nonconformist chapels. Due to the declining popularity of theatre and the emergence of cinema, by 1920 a cinema screen was installed. In 1930, the first 'talkie' picture to be screened was The Broadway Melody, and people flocked from miles around to hear this innovation.
In 1975, the theatre was in such a state of disrepair that its closure was inevitable. The Parc & Dare Workmen's Institute Committee, faced with this daunting possibility, donated the building to the then Rhondda Borough Council.
Today the Parc and Dare is still used as a functioning theatre and cinema. Most theatre productions tend to be locally produced, for example by The Rhondda Theatre Group, but the venue is also used by touring musicians and comedians. Over the years it has been graced by the biggest stars in show business including the likes of Max Boyce, Ken Dodd and the Kinks' Ray Davies. In 2007 the Parc and Dare was used in filming the theatre stage scenes in "Daleks in Manhattan" and "Evolution of the Daleks", the fourth and fifth episodes of series 3 of the BBC's revived Doctor Who series.
Architecture and design
The former Parc and Dare Institute is now connected at various levels to the Hall and provides the rehearsal rooms, offices and public areas. The façade conceals an unexpectedly ambitious auditorium that, as with most of its kind in Wales, is at first floor level. It is a fine hall with two curved galleries, the slips of each extending to and meeting the proscenium wall. Each gallery front retains its original decorative plasterwork. The proscenium arch is attractively decorated over its entire length with plasterwork representing fruit and flowers. The Parc and Dare is still an Edwardian proscenium-arched theatre that acts as a venue for live performance, cinema and community events. The Parc and Dare is a Grade II* listed building and stands as the tallest building in Treorchy.
The Parc and Dare Workingmen's Hall once had a clock above its entrance. The clock, on Station Road, was added around the same time as the theatre hall, but was removed in the 1970s during renovations and was never replaced.
Notes
Theatres in Wales
Buildings and structures in Rhondda Cynon Taf
Tourist attractions in Rhondda Cynon Taf
Grade II* listed buildings in Rhondda Cynon Taf | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc%20and%20Dare%20Hall |
Pollokshaws West railway station is a railway station in Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is served by trains on the Glasgow South Western Line.
History
The station was opened as Pollokshaws on 27 September 1848 by Glasgow, Barrhead and Neilston Direct Railway, which later became the Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway - a joint railway company between the Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow and South Western Railway. To the south west is Busby Junction where the Busby Railway (latterly part of the Caledonian Railway) diverges. Following grouping, the station became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway.
It was not until British Railways days - 5 May 1952 - that the station was renamed as Pollokshaws West. The station buildings are now protected as a category B listed building.
Services
The station is normally served by a service every half hour to (Mondays Saturdays only), Kilmarnock and to , and four trains per hour to . On Sundays, there are half hourly services to Glasgow Central, with hourly services to East Kilbride and Kilmarnock. There is no Barrhead service on Sundays, as Kilmarnock trains operate all stops. Additionally, one Kilmarnock service extends to Carlisle on Sundays only.
The station is an interchange station for services between the East Kilbride line, and the Barrhead line, with trains extending to Kilmarnock and a few trains a day to Dumfries as well as a weekly service to Carlisle.
Pollokshaws West is the nearest station to the Burrell Collection and Pollok House (approximately 10 minutes' walk).
References
Notes
Sources
External links
RAILSCOT on Glasgow, Barrhead and Neilston Direct Railway
RAILSCOT on Busby Railway
Railway stations in Glasgow
Former Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Category B listed buildings in Glasgow
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Pollokshaws | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollokshaws%20West%20railway%20station |
Peter Henley is BBC South's political editor and has been reporting in the south of England for over 20 years. He currently presents the south's regional segment of the BBC's Sunday Politics programme.
Career
Beginning his media career at BBC Radio Leicester while still at university, Peter went on to Pennine Radio, where he was a reporter and newsreader for the Bradford station. He moved to Radio 210 in Reading, where he won a Sony award for coverage of the Clapham rail crash.
Switching from radio to television, Peter became a reporter for southern ITV franchisee Television South, filing special reports from Saudi Arabia during the Gulf War, and covering the weeks in which Michael Heseltine fought to replace Margaret Thatcher. When TVS lost its ITV franchise, Peter transferred to the new contractor, Meridian Broadcasting as a reporter and played a part in launching Meridian's Thames Valley news service. It was while here that he became one of Meridian's political correspondents, fronting Meridian's political coverage of the 1997 general election, a role he later repeated in the 2001 election.
In the autumn of 2001, Peter transferred to the BBC to become BBC South's health correspondent. He soon after took his current role as political editor. His role includes presenting the regional section of Sunday Politics, broadcast weekly, and reporting on political stories on the regional television news programme South Today and on the region's local radio stations Radio Berkshire, Radio Oxford and Radio Solent. He also occasionally appears on the BBC News Channel reporting on political issues in the south, and has reported from the Portsmouth and Romsey counts at the 2005 and 2010 general elections for the national BBC election programmes.
Part of Peter's popularity is sourced from the way in which he connects with the viewer. His belief that people should care about what happens in Westminster and how is affects local people, often results in their opinions being heard and voiced. His programme is often broadcast from a public location and audiences are occasionally used. Peter's use of technology has always extended this bond with the viewer. Text messages and responses left on social media sites are often posed to the panel on his programme, and he keeps the public informed through his BBC News correspondents blog, and his Henley's Hustings blog before it. Facebook and Twitter are also used, with his following '@BBCPeter H'.
This dedication recently saw him receive the (RTA) Royal Television Award for journalist of the year 2009 in the South of England.
Personal life
Peter was born in 1964, and studied at the University of Leicester, where he read philosophy. Peter is married to Samantha Reed, a counsellor, with three sons, Ben, Harry and Toby, and lives in the New Forest in Hampshire.
Peter enjoys a range of hobbies, including playing golf and cricket - as well as pursuing his love for technology and classic cars.
See also
South Today
BBC South
References
Alumni of the University of Leicester
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Henley |
Kingfisher Country Park is a country park situated in East Birmingham and the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull in England, straddling the historic border of Warwickshire and Worcestershire, mostly within the former. Initially designated as Project Kingfisher by Birmingham City Council, the park was formally declared a country park in July 2004. The country park is located along an 11 km stretch of the River Cole from Small Heath in Birmingham to Chelmsley Wood at the M6 motorway. It is a Local Nature Reserve.
Project Kingfisher
The overall aim of the project was to preserve and care for the River Cole valley. The project was inaugurated in 1985.
Funding
Both the Birmingham City Council and the Solihull MBC sponsored the project in a joint venture. Charities and organisations that funded the project were:
English Nature
The Environment Agency
Warwickshire Wildlife Trust
Wildlife Trust for Birmingham and the Black Country
Geography
The country park has an area of around and crosses the border between Birmingham and the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull. Within the original project, and now surrounding the country park, are several local nature reserves. These include Yorks Wood which was declared a local nature reserve by Solihull MBC in the 1990s after purchasing it in the 1980s. Other nature reserves include Babbs Mill Lake and Alcott Wood. Cole Bank, Smiths Wood, Elmdon Nature Park and Elmdon Coppice are proposed local nature reserves.
Flowing through the country park is the River Cole which forms the River Cole Valley. The valley is home to different wildlife habitats and different types of landscape. The area contains a number of artificial lakes surrounded by plants ranging from grassland, wetland and woodland which dates back hundreds of years. Babbs Mill Lake in Kingshurst was dug to be a balancing feature in times of flooding at the river. Shard End Lake was created as a result of an old quarry being filled with water.
The area is open to cyclists and walkers who can walk along the river towards other nearby country parks such as Shire Country Park and also walk to other places such as the Grand Union Canal, Coleshill, Kingshurst Brook, Meriden Park and Sheldon Country Park.
Nature
Animals seen along the river include herons, kingfishers (note the project name), water voles and mink. In the ponds created in Shard End, many invertebrates have nested as well as many amphibians. Skylarks have been seen around the course grassland and they have bred successfully for a number of years.
See also
Yorks Wood
Shard End Lake
Babbs Mill Lake
References
External links
Birmingham.gov.uk
Country parks in Birmingham, West Midlands
Solihull
Local Nature Reserves in the West Midlands (county) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher%20Country%20Park |
Luján Fernández (born 12 March 1980) is an Argentine model, perhaps best known for her three-year run in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. She also worked for Victoria's Secret.
Early life
Since childhood, Fernández was involved with several local television programs. She was a teenage TV star before becoming a model, when she was discovered at the age of 14 while on a Uruguayan beach. After consulting with her parents, she pursued a modeling career.
Career
Fernández appeared on the covers of ELLE, GQ, Harper's Bazaar, as well as American, German, and French Vogue. The work kept coming and, like many foreign models before her, she decided to move to New York City.
Fernández hit the runway for the likes of Ralph Lauren, BCBG and John Bartlett, and has been featured in print campaigns for Perry Ellis, Chloé, Emanuel Ungaro, and XOXO, and appeared in the Victoria's Secret catalogs. She also appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue from 1999 through 2001.
She ranked #66 in Maxim's 100 Sexiest Women in 2001. That same year, she appeared in Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue Collection of 2001. She is a singer and songwriter. Lujo is her artistic name.she is on Spotify and iTunes with the song Crown.
References
https://open.spotify.com/track/1bNIosg4uViM5LbQTynXH3?si=OSekQYhaSIy2dWJDHG6G7Q
External links
Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Collection of 2001 - Lujan Fernandez
1979 births
Living people
Argentine female models
21st-century Argentine women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luj%C3%A1n%20Fern%C3%A1ndez |
Antetonitrus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur found in the Early Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa. The only species is Antetonitrus ingenipes. As one of the oldest known sauropods, it is crucial for the understanding of the origin and early evolution of this group. It was a quadrupedal herbivore, like all of its later relatives, but shows primitive adaptations to use the forelimbs for grasping, instead of purely for weight support.
Discovery and naming
Adam Yates, an Australian expert on early sauropodomorphs, named Antetonitrus in a 2003 report co-authored by South African James Kitching. The name is derived from the Latin ante- ("before") and tonitrus ("thunder"), which refers to its existence, before other known sauropods, specifically Brontosaurus ("thunder lizard"). The one known species of Antetonitrus is called A. ingenipes, from the Latin ingens ("massive") and pes ("foot"), because it shows the beginning of the development of feet designed solely to support weight.
The fossils now known as Antetonitrus were discovered by Kitching in 1981 in the Free State of South Africa, and were stored in the Bernard Price Institute where they were labeled as Euskelosaurus. Yates recognized them as a separate taxon and published a description several years later. The holotype, or original specimen, consists of several vertebrae and numerous bones from both forelimb and hind limb, all presumed to be from one individual. Five more limb bones from another smaller individual were also referred to the genus.
Description
The holotype specimen may have measured in length, in hip height and in body mass. However, the neural arches of the vertebrae were not fused with the centra, indicating that this individual perhaps was not fully grown.
Antetonitrus shows several features which appear to be similar to those of later sauropods, but still retains some primitive features. Unlike most of its smaller and more lightly built ancestors, Antetonitrus was primarily quadrupedal. Like sauropods, its forelimbs were much longer relative to its hind legs than earlier animals, while the metatarsus was shortened. However, the first digit of the hand, also called the "thumb" or pollex, was still twisted and flexible, capable of grasping against the hand. In more derived sauropods, the wrist bones are large and thick, arranged in such a way as to lock the hand into a permanently pronated position for full-time weight support, and the hand is incapable of grasping.
Antetonitrus already shows adaptations for an increasing body size as seen in all later sauropods: The wrist bones were broader and thicker to support more weight, whereas the femur was elliptical in cross section. The vertebrae bear high neural spines and well developed hyposphene-hypantrum articulations which add rigidity to the trunk. The first toe of the hind foot already bears a large claw longer than the first metatarsal; however, this claw was not sickle shaped as seen in later sauropods. The femur was slightly sigmoidal (S-curved) in lateral view rather than straight as in other sauropods.
Classification
A cladistic analysis by Yates and Kitching recognizes Antetonitrus as a basal sauropod, occupying a position between more derived animals such as Isanosaurus or Vulcanodon, and more basal sauropods like Melanorosaurus. The back vertebrae are extremely similar to Lessemsaurus from South America, while the limb bones are similar to Blikanasaurus, another stocky early sauropod from South Africa. However, these animals were not included in a cladistic analysis with Antetonitrus because they are poorly known. Apaldetti et al. (2018) erected Lessemsauridae, a clade containing Antetonitrus, Lessemsaurus and Ingentia. Their cladogram is reproduced below:
The following cladogram shows the position of Antetonitrus within Massopoda, according to Oliver W. M. Rauhut and colleagues, 2020:
Paleogeography
While Antetonitrus is not the earliest sauropod from a phylogenetic standpoint, it is currently one of the oldest known sauropod chronologically, or rather tied for that distinction with other early sauropods from the same formation, like Melanorosaurus and Blikanasaurus. Fossils of these animals were recovered from the Elliot Formation. Initially it was thought to have been recovered from the Lower Elliot Formation which dates to the Norian stage of the Late Triassic, or approximately 221 to 210 million years ago. Later studies indicate that it was actually recovered from the Early Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation. Before Antetonitrus and the other animals recovered from the Elliot Formation were recognized as sauropods, the oldest known sauropod had been Isanosaurus from the Rhaetian stage of Thailand.
Early sauropods and their sauropodomorph relatives were found around the world as all of the continents were at the time united into the single supercontinent, Pangaea, which made dispersal across the entire terrestrial world possible.
References
External links
Post about Antetonitrus on the Dinosaur Mailing List , written by Adam Yates
Sauropods of Africa
Early Jurassic sauropods
Early Jurassic dinosaurs of Africa
Fossils of South Africa
Fossil taxa described in 2003
Taxa named by James Kitching | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antetonitrus |
The University of N'Djamena (, , UNDT) is the leading institution of higher education in Chad. It was created in 1971 as the University of Chad, and was renamed "University of N'Djamena" in 1994.
See also
List of Islamic educational institutions
Euclid Consortium, the university's international joint extension
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060205105902/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Chad.htm
http://www.euclidconsortium.org/university-of-ndjamena/
Universities and colleges established in 1971
1971 establishments in Chad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20N%27Djamena |
Poplar Baths on the East India Dock Road in Poplar, London is a former public bath house and Grade II listed building that was constructed in 1933 and closed to the public in 1988. The Baths are adjacent to All Saints DLR station. A campaign to restore the baths won the support of Tower Hamlets Council in 2010 and the construction company Guildmore was appointed to complete the works to create a new leisure centre incorporating a swimming pool, gymnasium and affordable housing on adjacent land. The site reopened in July 2016.
History
The original Poplar Baths opened in 1852, costing £10,000. It was built to provide public wash facilities for the East End's poor as a result of the Baths and Washhouses Act 1846. The baths incorporated slipper and vapour baths. The slipper baths section contained 12 baths in the men's first-class division, 24 in the men's second-class and six in both women's divisions. Steam and shower baths were located behind the slipper baths. A comprehensive public laundry was located at the rear of the building, on Arthur Street. It contained 48 wooden washing tubs, drying equipment and ironing rooms. An uncovered water tank supplied the baths and was erected above the boiler house with a capacity of 24,000 gallons.
The Baths were rebuilt in 1933 to a design by Harley Heckford and the larger pool was covered over to convert the building into a theatre. Designated the East India Hall, it had seating capacity for 1,400 people and incorporated a dance hall, cinema, exhibition room and sports hall for boxing and wrestling programmes. This dual purpose sustained interest over the winter months, with the smaller pool remaining in use.
Between 1938 and 1941 an office in the Baths was used by the Borough's electricity office and then later used by the Transport and General Workers' Union and the Poplar Labour Party. The main bath hall sustained bomb damage during the Second World War and was forced to close with the hall left unglazed for several years.
Poplar Baths reopened in 1947 and continued to be used as a swimming facility, attracting on average 225,700 bathers every year between 1954 and 1959, before the facility's eventual closure and conversion to an industrial training centre in 1988.
Restoration
The Baths eventually became derelict and a bid to reopen the baths was put together by The Environment Trust, Swan Housing Group and the 'Poplar Baths Steering Group' receiving strong local support.
It has been a listed building (Grade II) since 2001 and was listed on the English Heritage Register of 'Heritage at Risk'. A statue of the local shipowner and philanthropist, Richard Green stands outside the Baths on the A13 East India Dock Road.
In 2010, the East London Advertiser confirmed that campaigners had won the battle to get it back into use.
Redevelopment of the Baths began in January 2014 and works were expected to complete by the end of 2015. The construction of the leisure centre and 100 new homes cost an estimated £36 million.
The Baths re-opened on 25 July 2016 and were removed from the Buildings at Risk register.
References
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Swimming_venues_in_England
Baths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplar%20Baths |
Imre Bródy (1891, Gyula, Hungary–1944, Mühldorf) was a Hungarian physicist who invented in 1930 the krypton-filled fluorescent lamps (also known as the krypton electric bulb),
with fellow-Hungarian inventors Emil Theisz, Ferenc Kőrösy and Tivadar Millner. He developed the technology of the production of krypton bulbs together with Michael Polanyi (). He was the nephew of writer Sándor Bródy.
Career
Educated in Budapest, he wrote his doctoral thesis on the chemical constant
of monatomic gases. After teaching in a high school, he became an assistant professor in applied physics at the University of Sciences and accomplished valuable theoretical work investigating specific heat and molecular heat. From 1920 he worked with Max Born as assistant to the professor in Göttingen. They jointly worked out the dynamic theory of crystals. He returned home in 1923 and worked at Tungsram as an engineer to his death.
Later in life, Bródy worked on new light source problems. He stayed with his family after the German occupation of Hungary in 1944, and the immunity promised by the factory to him could not save his life. Being Jewish, he was murdered on 20 December 1944, at age 53, in Mühldorf subcamp, a satellite system of the Dachau concentration camp.
The research institute of Tungsram, now part of General Electric, in Budapest is named after him.
The krypton lamp
Bródy in 1930 filled lamps with krypton gas in lieu of argon. Since the new gas was expensive, he developed a process with his colleagues to obtain krypton from air. Production of krypton filled lamps based on his invention started at Ajka in 1937, in a factory co-designed by Polányi and Hungarian-born physicist Egon Orowan. The invention was the most economic bulb in the age, a real sensation at the time, which for decades was one of the most successful export products of Hungary, however the factory was destroyed by the German Wehrmacht in 1942 and Germany became the biggest exporter of krypton bulbs until the 1990s.
References
4. Stefan L. Wolff, Imre Bródy (1891-1944). Nach wenigen Jahren in Deutschland führte ihn sein Weg zurück nach Ungarn und dabei von der akademischen Physik zur Industrieforschung. 1944 wurde er mit seiner Familie ein Opfer der Shoa, Physik-Journal 21 (2022) Nr. 5, 42-43.
External links
HPO - Imre Bródy (1891 - 1944)
1891 births
1944 deaths
20th-century Hungarian engineers
20th-century Hungarian inventors
Hungarian Jews who died in the Holocaust
People from Gyula
Hungarian people who died in Dachau concentration camp
Hungarian civilians killed in World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre%20Br%C3%B3dy |
Operation Vengeance was the American military operation to kill Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto of the Imperial Japanese Navy on 18 April 1943 during the Solomon Islands campaign in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Yamamoto, commander of the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy, was killed near Bougainville Island when his transport aircraft was shot down by United States Army Air Forces fighter aircraft operating from Kukum Field on Guadalcanal.
The mission of the U.S. aircraft was specifically to kill Yamamoto, made possible because of United States Navy intelligence decoding transmissions about Yamamoto's travel itinerary through the Solomon Islands area. The death of Yamamoto reportedly damaged the morale of Japanese naval personnel, raised the morale of the Allied forces, and was intended as revenge by U.S. leaders, who blamed Yamamoto for the attack on Pearl Harbor that initiated the war between Imperial Japan and the United States.
The U.S. pilots claimed to have shot down three twin-engine bombers and two fighters during the mission, but Japanese records show only two bombers were shot down. There is a controversy over which pilot shot down Yamamoto's plane, but most modern historians credit Rex T. Barber.
Background
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy, scheduled an inspection tour of the Solomon Islands and New Guinea. He planned to inspect Japanese air units participating in Operation I-Go that had begun 7 April 1943; in addition, the tour would boost Japanese morale following the disastrous Guadalcanal campaign and its subsequent evacuation during January and February.
Intelligence
On 14 April the U.S. naval intelligence effort code-named "Magic" intercepted and decrypted orders alerting affected Japanese units of the tour. The original message, NTF131755, addressed to the commanders of Base Unit No. 1, the 11th Air Flotilla, and the 26th Air Flotilla, was encoded in the Japanese Naval Cipher JN-25D, and was picked up by three stations of the "Magic" apparatus, including Fleet Radio Unit Pacific Fleet. The message was then deciphered by Navy cryptographers (among them future Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens); it contained time and location details of Yamamoto's itinerary, as well as the number and types of planes that would transport and accompany him on the journey.
The decrypted text revealed that on 18 April Yamamoto would fly from Rabaul to Balalae Airfield, on an island near Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. He and his staff would fly in two medium bombers (Mitsubishi G4M Bettys of the Kōkūtai 705), escorted by six navy fighters (Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters of the Kōkūtai 204), to depart Rabaul at 06:00 and arrive at Balalae at 08:00, Tokyo time.
The U.S. Army Military Intelligence Service (MIS) was made up mostly of Nisei (second-generation Japanese Americans). They were trained in interpretation, interrogation, and translation of Japanese materials ranging from standard textbooks to captured documents. Information leading to Yamamoto's ambush was a significant MIS contribution in the Solomons campaign. MIS Technical Sergeant Harold Fudenna translated an intercepted radio message indicating the itinerary of Yamamoto. Although this message was first met with skepticism that the Japanese would be so careless, other MIS linguists in Alaska and Hawaii had also intercepted the same message, confirming its accuracy.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt may have authorized Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox to "get Yamamoto", but no official record of such an order exists, and sources disagree whether he did so. Knox essentially let Admiral Chester W. Nimitz make the decision. Nimitz first consulted Admiral William F. Halsey Jr., Commander, South Pacific, and then authorized the mission on 17 April. These U.S. commanders judged that the benefits of a successful mission included that Japanese morale would be negatively affected by news of Yamamoto's death and that Yamamoto's replacement would be less capable. When the issue was raised that the mission could reveal that the United States had broken Japanese naval codes, the commanders decided the knowledge could be protected as long as the true source of the intelligence was kept hidden from unauthorized American personnel and the press.
Interception
To avoid detection by radar and Japanese personnel stationed in the Solomon Islands along a straight-line distance of about between U.S. forces and Bougainville, the mission entailed an over-water flight south and west of the Solomons. This roundabout approach was plotted and measured to be about . The fighters would, therefore, travel 600 miles out to the target and 400 miles back. The 1,000-mile flight, with extra fuel allotted for combat, was beyond the range of the F4F Wildcat and F4U Corsair fighters then available to Navy and Marine squadrons based on Guadalcanal. The mission was instead assigned to the 339th Fighter Squadron, 347th Fighter Group, whose P-38G Lightning aircraft, equipped with drop tanks, were the only American fighters in the Pacific with the range to intercept, engage and return.
339th Squadron Commander Major John W. Mitchell, already an ace pilot, was chosen to lead the flight. For better navigation, Mitchell asked for a navy compass, which was provided by Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Luther S. Moore and installed in Mitchell's P-38 the day before the attack. All of the P-38 fighters mounted their standard armament of one 20 mm cannon and four .50-caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns, and were equipped to carry two drop tanks under their wings. A limited supply of tanks was flown up from New Guinea, sufficient to provide each Lightning with one large tank to replace one of the small tanks. The difference in size put approximately greater weight on one side of the aircraft, but the tanks were located close enough to the aircraft's center of gravity to avoid serious performance problems.
Eighteen P-38s were assigned the mission. One flight of four was designated as the "killer" flight, while the remainder, which included two spares, would climb to to act as "top cover" for the expected reaction by Japanese fighters based at Kahili. A flight plan was prepared by the Command Operations Officer, Marine Major John Condon, but this was discarded by Mitchell who thought the airspeeds and time estimates were not best for intercepting Yamamoto. With several of his pilots assisting, Mitchell calculated an intercept time of 09:35, based on the itinerary, to catch the bombers descending over Bougainville, 10 minutes before landing at Balalae. He worked back from that time and drew four precisely calculated legs, with a fifth leg curving in a search pattern in case Yamamoto was not seen at the chosen point. In addition to heading out over the Coral Sea, the 339th would "wave-hop" all the way to Bougainville at altitudes no greater than 50 feet (15 m), maintaining radio silence.
Although the 339th Fighter Squadron officially carried out the mission, 10 of the 18 pilots were drawn from the other two squadrons of the 347th Group. The Commander AirSols, Rear Admiral Marc A. Mitscher, selected four pilots to be designated as the "killer" flight:
Captain Thomas G. Lanphier Jr.
Lieutenant Rex T. Barber
Lieutenant Jim McLanahan (dropped out with flat tire)
Lieutenant Joe Moore (dropped out with faulty fuel feed)
The remaining pilots would act as reserves and provide air cover against any retaliatory attacks by local Japanese fighters:
Major John Mitchell
Lieutenant William Smith
Lieutenant Gordon Whittiker
Lieutenant Roger Ames
Captain Louis Kittel
Lieutenant Lawrence Graebner
Lieutenant Doug Canning
Lieutenant Delton Goerke
Lieutenant Julius Jacobson
Lieutenant Eldon Stratton
Lieutenant Albert Long
Lieutenant Everett Anglin
Lieutenant Besby F. Holmes (replaced McLanahan)
Lieutenant Raymond K. Hine (replaced Moore)
A briefing included the designated cover story for the source of the intelligence stating it had come from Australian coastwatchers, who supposedly had spotted an important high-ranking officer boarding an aircraft at Rabaul. Several historians say that the pilots were not specifically briefed on the identity of their target, but Thomas Alexander Hughes writes that Mitscher told the assembled pilots it was Yamamoto, to "provide additional incentive" to the fliers.
The specially fitted P-38s took off from Kukum Field on Guadalcanal beginning at 07:25 on 18 April. Two of the Lightnings assigned to the killer flight dropped out of the mission at the start, one with a tire flattened during takeoff (McLanahan) and the second when its drop tanks would not feed fuel to the engines (Moore).
In Rabaul, despite urgings by local Japanese commanders to cancel the trip for fear of ambush, Yamamoto's airplanes took off as scheduled for the trip of . They climbed to , with their fighter escort at their 4 o'clock position and higher, split into two V-formations of three planes.
Mitchell's flight of four led the squadron at low altitude, with the killer flight, consisting of Lanphier, Barber, and spares Besby F. Holmes and Raymond K. Hine, immediately behind. Mitchell, fighting off drowsiness, navigated solely by dead reckoning (speed and compass heading). This has been called the longest-distance fighter-intercept mission of the war.
Mitchell and his force arrived at the intercept point one minute early, at 09:34, just as Yamamoto's aircraft descended into view in a light haze. The P-38s jettisoned the auxiliary tanks, turned to the right to parallel the bombers, and began a full power climb to intercept them.
The tanks on Holmes's P-38 did not detach, and his two-man element turned back toward the sea. Mitchell radioed Lanphier and Barber to engage, and they climbed toward the eight aircraft. The nearest escort fighters dropped their own tanks and dived toward the pair of P-38s. Lanphier immediately turned head-on and climbed towards the escorts while Barber chased the diving bomber transports. Barber banked steeply to turn in behind the bombers and momentarily lost sight of them, but when he regained contact, he was immediately behind one and began firing into its right engine, rear fuselage, and empennage. When Barber hit its left engine, the bomber began to trail heavy black smoke. The Betty rolled violently to the left, and Barber narrowly avoided a mid-air collision. Looking back, he saw a column of black smoke and assumed the Betty had crashed into the jungle. Barber headed towards the coast at treetop level, searching for the second bomber, not knowing which one carried the targeted high-ranking officer.
Barber spotted the second bomber—carrying Chief of Staff Vice Admiral Matome Ugaki and part of Yamamoto's staff—low over the water off Moila Point, trying to evade an attack by Holmes, whose wing tanks had finally come off. Holmes damaged the right engine of the Betty, which emitted a white vapor trail, but his closure speed carried him and his wingman Hine past the damaged bomber. Barber attacked the crippled bomber, and his bullet strikes caused it to shed metal debris that damaged his own aircraft. The bomber descended and crash-landed in the water. Ugaki and two others survived the crash and were later rescued. Barber, Holmes and Hine were attacked by Zeros, with Barber's P-38 receiving 104 hits. Holmes and Barber each claimed a Zero shot down during this melee, although Japanese records show that no Zeros were lost. The top cover briefly engaged reacting Zeros without making any kills. Mitchell observed the column of smoke from Yamamoto's crashed bomber. Hine's P-38 had disappeared by this point, presumably crashed into the water. Running close to minimum fuel levels for return to base, the P-38s broke off contact, with Holmes so short of fuel that he was forced to land in the Russell Islands. Hine was the only American pilot who did not return. Lanphier's actions during the battle are unclear as his account was later disputed by other participants, including the Japanese fighter pilots. As he approached Henderson Field, Lanphier radioed the fighter director on Guadalcanal that "That son of a bitch will not be dictating any peace terms in the White House", breaching security and endangering the code-breaking program. Upon landing, one engine quit from fuel starvation. He immediately put in a claim for shooting down Yamamoto.
Aftermath
The crash site and body of Yamamoto were found on 19 April, the day after the attack, by a Japanese search-and-rescue party led by army engineer Lieutenant Tsuyoshi Hamasuna. The crash site was located in the jungle north of the coastal site of the former Australian patrol post and Catholic mission of Buin (which was re-established after the war several kilometers inland).
The retrieval party noted Yamamoto had been thrown clear of the plane's wreckage, his white-gloved hand grasping the hilt of his katana, his body still upright in his seat under a tree. Hamasuna said Yamamoto was instantly recognizable, his head tilted down as if deep in thought. A post-mortem of Yamamoto indicated two bullet wounds, one to the back of his left shoulder, and a separate wound to his left lower jaw that appeared to exit above his right eye. The Japanese navy doctor examining Yamamoto's body determined the head wound killed Yamamoto. These more violent details of Yamamoto's death were hidden from the Japanese public, and the medical report whitewashed, this secrecy "on orders from above" according to biographer Hiroyuki Agawa.
In Japan, Yamamoto's killing became known as the "Navy A (kō) incident". It raised morale in the United States and shocked the Japanese, who were officially told about the incident only on 21 May. The announcement said that the admiral was killed in April while directing strategy on the front lines and had "engaged in combat with the enemy and met gallant death on a war plane."
Norman Lodge, an Associated Press correspondent in the South Pacific, found out what had happened and filed a detailed story about the mission on 11 May which said the United States had been tracking Yamamoto for five days before the shoot-down, but U.S. military censors prevented the story from going out. At this point, U.S. officials had not disclosed anything about the operation, and the American public first learned of Yamamoto's death when the 21 May Japanese statement was covered in the news. The Japanese account was augmented by American writers noting that Yamamoto's purported claim that he would dictate peace terms to the United States from a seat in the White House was now sure not to happen. Roosevelt was quoted as saying "Gosh!" on 21 May upon supposedly learning the news from reporters about the Japanese announcement. Over the next couple of days there were stories in the U.S. press speculating that the Japanese announcement was a cover for Yamamoto having committed hara-kiri because the war was not going well for the Japanese. Then on 31 May Time magazine ran separate stories several pages apart, one which reported the Japanese announcement and one which related how Lanphier and his P-38 pilots on Guadalcanal had shot down three Japanese bombers over Bougainville and then flown home wondering if they had killed "some Jap bigwig" in the bombers. However, the Japanese did not draw any conclusions from this.
Regardless of any cover story, intelligence officials in Great Britain were upset by the operation; not having suffered the Pearl Harbor attack themselves, they did not have the same visceral feelings towards Yamamoto and did not think that killing any one admiral was worth the risk to Allied codebreaking abilities against Japan. Indeed, Prime Minister Winston Churchill protested against the decision to go ahead with the operation to Roosevelt.
The American public did not learn the full story of the operation, including that it was based on broken codes, until 10 September 1945 after the conclusion of the war, when many papers published an Associated Press account. Even then U.S. intelligence was frustrated because they wanted to keep the secret longer as they were still debriefing Japanese intelligence officers and feared knowledge of the code-breaking would rush those officers into shame-driven suicide.
Crash site
The remains of Yamamoto's aircraft, 323 of the 705th Kokutai, lie in the jungle around from the town of Panguna, (). The crash site is around an hour's walk from the nearest road.
Although the aircraft wreckage has been heavily scavenged by souvenir hunters, parts of the fuselage remain where it crashed. The site is on private land. Access was previously difficult as the ownership of the land was disputed. However, , it is possible for visitors to gain access to the site by prior arrangement.
Part of one wing has been removed and is displayed, on permanent loan, at the Isoroku Yamamoto Family Museum in Nagaoka, Japan. One of the aircraft's doors is at the Papua New Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery.
Credit controversy
Although Operation Vengeance was notable for its target, there has been controversy about who shot down the admiral's aircraft. The issue began immediately after the mission when the U.S. military credited Captain Thomas Lanphier with the kill. Lanphier claimed in his report that after turning to engage the escort Zeros and shooting the wings off one, he had flipped upside down as he circled back towards the two bombers. Upon seeing the lead bomber turning in a circle below him, he came out of his turn at a right angle to the circling bomber and fired, blowing off its right wing. The plane then crashed into the jungle. Lanphier also reported that he saw Lieutenant Rex Barber shoot down another bomber which also crashed into the jungle.
From the report, U.S. intelligence assumed that three bombers had been downed because Lieutenant Besby F. Holmes claimed the "Betty" that crashed into the sea. None of the remaining pilots were debriefed after the mission because no formal interrogation procedures existed on Guadalcanal at that time. Likewise, Lanphier's claim of the kill was not officially witnessed. Many of the mission's other pilots were skeptical of the official U.S. Army version. Six months later, unauthorized details about the operation leaked into the press. In October 1943, an issue of Time magazine featured an article about Vengeance and mentioned Lanphier by name. An outraged U.S. Navy considered it a serious breach of security. As a result, Major John Mitchell's nomination for the Medal of Honor was downgraded to the Navy Cross; this was the same award subsequently presented to all the pilots of the killer flight.
The controversy did not subside after the war because of the testimony of the surviving Japanese escort pilot who witnessed the mission. Zero pilot Kenji Yanagiya, who had been in Yamamoto's fighter escort, told Mitchell he might have been responsible for the loss of Hine because he had heavily damaged a P-38 (escorting another Lightning that had not dropped its fuel tanks), although neither he nor any of the other Zero pilots had claimed a P-38 that day. The cause of Hine's disappearance is still officially undetermined. Yanagiya also affirmed that none of the escorting Japanese fighters were shot down, stating that only one was damaged enough that it required a half day of repair at Buin. These details contradicted Lanphier's claim for a Zero. Likewise, Japanese military records confirmed that only two Mitsubishi G4M bombers had been shot down on the day. Eventually, Lanphier and Barber were officially awarded half credits for the destruction of the bomber that crashed into the jungle, and half credits to Barber and Holmes for the bomber that crashed at sea. Several ground inspections of Yamamoto's crash site have determined that the path of the bullet impacts validated Barber's account because "all visible gunfire and shrapnel damage was caused by bullets entering from immediately behind the bomber," not from the right.
Subsequently, Barber petitioned the Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records to have his half credit on the bomber shared with Lanphier changed to a whole credit. In September 1991, the Air Force History Office advised the board that "enough uncertainty" existed in both Lanphier's and Barber's claims for them both to be accepted; the board's decision was split on Barber's petition. Secretary of the Air Force Donald Rice ruled to retain the shared credit. Barber then applied to the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals to have the ruling of the Secretary of the Air Force overturned and the opposing claims re-investigated, but the court did not intervene.
In May 2006, Air Force Magazine published a letter by Doug Canning, a former pilot of the 347th Fighter Group who flew on Operation Vengeance (he escorted Holmes back to the Russell Islands). Canning, who was friends with both Lanphier and Barber, stated that Lanphier had written the official report, medal citations, and several magazine articles about the mission. He also claimed Barber had been willing to share the half credit for shooting down Yamamoto until Lanphier had given him an unpublished manuscript he had written, claiming he alone had shot down Yamamoto's plane. Canning agreed that Barber had a strong case for his claim citing the testimony of Yanagiya who saw Yamamoto's "Betty" crash 20 to 30 seconds after being hit from behind by fire from a P-38. Likewise, the second Betty carrying Ugaki crashed 20 seconds after being struck by aircraft fire. Canning stated categorically that the P-38Gs flown that day did not have aileron boost to assist in turning (as did later models), making it physically impossible for Lanphier's aircraft to have made the 180 degree turn fast enough to intercept Yamamoto's plane in less than 30 seconds. The Air Force later disqualified Lanphier's claim for shooting down a Zero in the battle, meaning that Lanphier lost his "ace" status as his total number of air-to-air kills dropped from five to four.
In spite of criticism from Barber and other surviving pilots from the mission, Lanphier continued to claim credit for downing Yamamoto until his death in 1987. Most newspaper obituaries reporting Lanphier's death credited him with killing Yamamoto. Barber continued to contest Lanphier's claim, mainly in military circles and publications, until his death in 2001.
Lieutenant Julius Jacobson, another pilot on the mission, remarked in 1997, "There were 15 of us who survived, and as far as who did the effective shooting, who cares?" Rice commented in 1993, "Historians, fighter pilots and all of us who have studied the record of this extraordinary mission will forever speculate as to the exact events of that day in 1943. There is glory for the whole team."
Legacy
The Yamamoto killing has been the subject of extensive historical and legal discussion in military, political and academic circles.
Following the 2020 killing of Iranian general Qasem Soleimani, the Yamamoto killing was cited by senior U.S. officials as a precedent. Various major media and noted pundits also singled out the Yamamoto killing as the relevant comparison, including The New York Times, who reported that the Yamamoto killing was "the last time the United States killed a major military leader in a foreign country" prior to the Soleimani killing.
Notes
References
Contains interview with Besby Frank Holmes.
Contains another interview with Besby Frank Holmes.
Further reading
– obituary on the death of Lieutenant Colonel Frank Holmes.
transcript and audio recording: "Rex Barber, Louis Kittel and Throck Chandler Oral History Conversation" (attack pilots in shootdown), National Museum of the Pacific War, undated
External links
Yamamoto's Plane Wreck footage of wreck published in 2015 (YouTube)
Conflicts in 1943
Imperial Japanese Navy
Isoroku Yamamoto
Military history of Japan during World War II
Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II
1943 in the Solomon Islands
Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United States
Battles and operations of World War II involving the Solomon Islands
20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents
April 1943 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Vengeance |
Buffalo Niagara Heritage Village is an open-air museum located in Amherst, New York. The Museum's mission is to preserve, interpret, and exhibit the agricultural history and rural heritage of the Buffalo Niagara region. A site, the Museum includes 10 historic buildings moved from their original sites, a main exhibit building, a collections storage facility, the Niederlander Research Library, and a Museum Store.
An educational institution, BNHV was chartered by the State of New York. Formed as a department of the Town of Amherst, the museum was privatized in January 2011. The name changed in 2012.
Collections
Buffalo Niagara Heritage Village is home to a collection of over 40,000 items reflecting the agricultural, domestic, and industrial past of the Buffalo Niagara region. BNHV's collection is composed of artifacts representing the agricultural and industrial trades, heritage crafts, and material culture of 19th- and 20th-century Western New York. Ten historic buildings from the Town of Amherst have been relocated to the 35-acre campus and are available for self-guided and guided tours, which illustrate rural life in 19th-century Buffalo Niagara.
Living history
The Museum's interpreters, docents, and volunteers provide a living history experience for visitors.
Guilds
Buffalo Niagara Heritage Village offers membership to many robust and active guilds. Membership within our guilds offers opportunities for camaraderie, heritage skill building, and more.
Events
Buffalo Niagara Heritage Village offers community events and workshops throughout the year.
References
External links
Museum Web site
Town of Amherst official site
Victorian Dance Society
Museums in Erie County, New York
Open-air museums in New York (state)
Historic house museums in New York (state)
Living museums in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Niagara%20Heritage%20Village |
Petro Dorofiyovich Doroshenko (; ; ; 1627–1698) was a Cossack political and military leader, Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1665–1672) and a Russian voivode.
Background and early career
Petro Doroshenko was born in Chyhyryn into a noble Cossack family with a strong tradition of leadership. His father, a Registered Cossack, held the rank of colonel, and his grandfather Mykhailo held the bulava ( to 1628) as hetman of the Registered Cossack Army.
Though it is not known where Doroshenko studied, there is no doubt that he received an excellent education. Doroshenko became fluent in Latin and Polish and had a broad knowledge of history.
In 1648 Doroshenko joined the forces of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in the 1648-1657 uprising against the Polish domination of Ukraine. In the earlier stages of the uprising Doroshenko carried out both military and diplomatic roles. He primarily served in the Chyhyryn regiment, where he held the rank of artillery secretary, eventually being appointed colonel of the Pryluky regiment in 1657.
When Khmelnytsky died in 1657 Doroshenko supported the election of General Chancellor () Ivan Vyhovsky as Khmelnytsky's successor. Between 1657 and 1658 he helped Hetman Vyhovsky (in office: 1657-1659) to suppress the pro-Russian uprising of Iakiv Barabash and Martyn Pushkar, a bloody fratricidal conflict which resulted in some 50,000 deaths.
The Zaporizhian Hetman Pavlo Teteria (in office: 1663-1665) promoted Doroshenko to the rank of his chief (general) yesaul in 1663. Doroshenko became the leader of the Cossack starshyna (senior officers) and of the elements within the ecclesiastical authorities who opposed the 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement between the Cossacks and the Tsardom of Russia. Supported by Crimean Tatars and by Ottoman Turkey in 1665, Doroshenko crushed the pro-Russian Cossack bands and eventually became Hetman of Ukraine (Right-bank Ukraine) on 10 October 1665.
Hetman
Hetmancy and Treaty of Andrusovo
Poland withdrew from the right-bank Ukraine due to numerous peasant and cossack uprisings, whose rebels sought to secure their liberties with military support from countries other than Poland and Moscow. They found it in the realm of the Ottoman Empire, the Crimean Khanate. In the beginning the first Hetman recognized by Crimea was Sotnyk (captain) Stepan Opara from the Medvedesky company. However, that same summer of 1665 he was replaced by Doroshenko. In order to strengthen his new position, Doroshenko introduced reforms in hope of winning the respect of the rank and file Cossacks. Doroshenko would often organize general councils where he would listen to the lower classes' opinions. And in order to rid himself of the dependence on the starshyna (senior officers), the hetman created the Serdiuk regiments which consisted of 20,000 mercenary infantry units who took orders only from him. When his hetmancy began, Doroshenko, like all Right-bank hetmans, followed a pro-Polish line, but he quickly changed this policy upon hearing the signing of the 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo. The treaty officially divided Ukraine between Russia and Poland, with Russia gaining sovereignty over Left-bank Ukraine and Poland acquiring Right-bank Ukraine. Once the news reached Doroshenko, he reportedly suffered a seizure upon learning of Ukraine's partitioning. Doroshenko quickly deserted his pro-Polish position and decided to seek aid from the Ottoman Empire.
War with Poland and Turkish alliance
In the fall of 1667 Doroshenko, with support of Crimean Tatars, defeated the Polish forces at the Battle of Brailiv (Brailiv) in Podolia. After the battle, Doroshenko's opposition, led by the Kosh Otaman Ivan Sirko and Tatars stopped his further advance against Poles. With the Right-Bank seemingly secured, Doroshenko and his men crossed into Left-bank Ukraine and supported an uprising of Ivan Briukhovetsky against Russia.
Following Briukhovetsky's execution, Doroshenko was proclaimed the hetman of all Ukraine on . As Doroshenko was reaching his zenith of power after successfully reuniting Ukraine, his numerous enemies united against him. The new Polish offensive forced him to return to the Right-bank Ukraine, appointing Demian Mnohohrishny acting hetman of the Left-bank. Doroshenko managed to secure the release from Polish captivity of the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia — Yosyf Tukalsky-Neliubovych — who moved his seat to Chyhyryn.
In January 1668 the Council of Officers (Seniors) in Chyhyryn expressed its support for Doroshenko's intentions to ally with the Ottoman Empire. In autumn of 1668 the Cossack delegation was sent to Constantinople with a proposal for military alliance between the Cossack state and the Ottoman Empire. The alliance was approved again at the 1669 Korsun Cossack Council (General Military Council) on 10–12 March. The alliance was eventually proclaimed by sultan Mehmed IV on 1 May 1669, Doroshenko receiving a title of Sanjak-bey.
Separatism of Mnohohrishny, Sukhoviy and Khanenko
At the same time in the fall of 1668 Demian Mnohohrishny pledged his allegiance to Russia and on 13 March 1669 his election was confirmed. Also in the fall of 1668 some Zaporizhian Cossacks who opposed Doroshenko elected new hetman the Zaporizhian Sich chancellor Petro Sukhoviy who also secured support of Crimean Tatars. Sukhoviy challenged Doroshenko, but he was defeated at the battle of Olkhivets by the troops of Petro Doroshenko and Ivan Sirko. In summer of 1669 Sukhoviy along with Tatars attacked Doroshenko, but the Ottomans requested for Crimean Tatars to withdraw their support for Sukhoviy. In June 1669 Sukhoviy was deposed and he supported the election of the Uman Regiment Colonel Mykhailo Khanenko. Eventually Sukhoviy escaped to Crimea after Khanenko was defeated by Doroshenko at the battle of Stebliv on 29 October 1669.
In 1670 in Ostrog through the local commission, Doroshenko unsuccessfully tried to revive the principles 1658 Treaty of Hadiach in negotiations with Poland. Meanwhile, Khanenko's envoys managed to conclude a treaty with the Poles in Ostrog on 2 September 1670. Soon after the Poles recognized his hetmancy, Khanenko and Jan Sobieski launched a massive invasion onto the Right-bank.
War campaign against Poland and Russia
In 1672, with a force of 12,000 he aided the 100,000 strong Ottoman Army which invaded Poland, defeating the Polish army at the battle of Chertvenivka and laid siege to Kamenets (it had been captured and sacked) as well as Lviv. The war ended with the capture of Podolia and the signing of the Peace of Buchach. According to the terms of the treaty, the Podolia voivodeship was turned into an Ottoman province. And the Bratslav Voivodeship and the southern portion of the Kiev Voivodship were to be recognized as Cossack territory administered by Doroshenko under a Turkish protectorate. But the war left consequences for Doroshenko, devastating his country. The vast Ukrainian territory was laid waste, cities were burned down, and hundreds of people were taken into captivity by the Crimean Tatars.
Meanwhile, in summer of 1672, Demian Mnohohrishny was replaced by Ivan Samoylovych at the 1672 Cossack general council near Konotop, Cossack Grove. As the Right-bank faced devastation by the Turkish power, Doroshenko began to lose the respect of his previously loyal civilians because of his collaboration with the "hated infidels." Although the alliance did perform an integral part in his successes, the rest of the population suffered at the hands of the Turks. As his forces were weakened from the ongoing wars, Doroshenko was forced to rely increasingly on the Ottomans. This was very unpopular with the majority of deeply Orthodox Christian Cossacks. As the Turks were considered the hated infidels of Europe. On the 1674 Council of Officers in Pereyaslav (17 March) Samoylovych was proclaimed the Hetman of all Ukraine. However the title was not in force until Doroshenko would abdicate. In the summer of 1674 Samoylovych, along with the Russian Grigory Romodanovsky launched an expedition against Doroshenko and besieged Chyhyryn. At that time Mykhailo Khanenko surrendered his title of hetman to Samoylovych in exchange for some land estates. The Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa managed to lift the siege and drive the Russian forces beyond the Dnieper.
However, already in the fall of 1675 at the Cossack council in Chyhyryn Doroshenko abdicated and pledged his allegiance to Russia, with Ivan Sirko witnessing it. However, the Russian government demanded him to abdicate again, on the territory of Left-bank Ukraine, and it should be witnessed by Samoylovych and Romodanovsky, the request of which Doroshenko refused. In the fall of 1676 Samoylovych crossed the Dnieper with an army of 30,000 men and once again besieged Chyhyryn. After several hours of battle Doroshenko asked his 2,000 Serdiuk garrison to lay down their arms as he had decided to abdicate, which he did on 19 September 1676.
Doroshenko was arrested and brought to Moscow where he was kept in honorary exile, never to return to Ukraine.
Service for Russia
Voivode of Vyatka
In 1676 Petro Doroshenko asked new Russian Tsar Feodor III to forgive him and promised his loyalty. In 1679 he was appointed voyevoda (governor-duke) of Vyatka in central Russia, and after a few years was granted an estate of Yaropolcha in Volokolamsk Uyezd. Petro Doroshenko died in 1698 near Volokolamsk. To this day he remains a controversial figure in Ukrainian history. Some consider him a national hero who wanted an independent Ukraine, while to others he was a power-hungry Cossack Hetman who offered Ukraine to a Muslim Sultan in exchange for hereditary overlordship of his native land.
Descendants
Among his descendants are Natalia Pushkina, Maria Nirod, and Dmytro Doroshenko. Natalia would marry the poet Alexander Pushkin, and have a daughter named also Natalia, who was named the Countess of Merenberg following her marriage to her husband, a Nassau prince. Their descendants subsequently married into, amongst others, the Romanov dynasty and the Westminster and Milford-Haven noble families of Great Britain. Dmytro on the other hand was a prominent Ukrainian political figure during the Russian Revolution and a leading Ukrainian emigre historian during the inter-war period.
In 2013, with the support of the museum “myzei Hetmanstva” the "Hetman Petro Doroshenko fund” was created. The Fund carries out research activity about the Hetmans of Ukraine: Myhailo and Petro Doroshenko, shares the information about them, researches genealogy of Doroshenko.
See also
Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks
References
External links
Brockhaus-Efron entry on Rulex
Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine entry
Song about Hetman of Ukraine Petro Doroshenko
Official site of the museum Getmanstva
1627 births
1698 deaths
People from Chyhyryn
People from Kiev Voivodeship
Petro
Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
Colonels of the Cossack Hetmanate
Obozni General of the Cossack Hetmanate
Zaporozhian Cossack military personnel of the Khmelnytsky Uprising | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro%20Doroshenko |
The scorpion kick, also known as a reverse bicycle kick or back hammer kick, is a physical move in association football that is achieved by diving or throwing the body forwards and then placing the hands on the ground to lunge the back heels forward to kick an incoming ball. Sports historian Andreas Campomar praises the maneuver as remarkable, noting that it "demonstrated that the spectacle had not died: that the game, in spite of its many flaws, could provide moments of glory that had little to do with just victory or defeat."
The move gets its name from the player's resemblance to a scorpion's tail while performing the kick.
Colombian goalkeeper René Higuita is attributed with the invention of this skill. One of his best known performances of the maneuver occurred at Wembley Stadium during a 1995 international friendly match between Colombia and England.
On top of the regular diving scorpion kick, there are also other variations such as standing scorpion kick and spinning scorpion kick, neither of which necessarily result in the hands being placed on the ground. Swedish forward Zlatan Ibrahimović is a notable exponent for the standing scorpion kick, while the Italian defender Giuseppe Biava is a notable exponent for the spinning scorpion kick.
References
Kick (association football)
Association football skills
Association football terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpion%20kick%20%28association%20football%29 |
Pollokshaws East railway station is a railway station in Glasgow, Scotland, serving parts of the Pollokshaws, Auldhouse, Newlands and Shawlands neighbourhoods of the city. The station is managed by ScotRail and is located on the Cathcart Circle Line.
History
The Caledonian Railway extended the original Cathcart District Railway route back in a loop configuration towards Glasgow Central in 1894, opening the station here along with it on 2 April that year. The station had a goods yard on the north side of the line to the east of station (on the other side of Kilmarnock Road. This was served by a signal box on the south side of the line, opposite the yard. The signal box was closed on 16 October 1961 as part of the electrification scheme.
British Rail demolished the station building, replacing it with a shelter in the late 1980s. In 2006, housing was built on the site of the goods yard.
Services
Up to November 1979
Two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).
From November 1979
Following the opening of the Argyle Line on 5 November 1979, two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and two trains per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).
From 2006
One train per hour between Glasgow Central and Newton via Kirkhill and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer). On Sundays, there is an hourly service to/from Newton only.
Routes
References
Notes
Sources
Railway stations in Glasgow
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1894
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Pollokshaws | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollokshaws%20East%20railway%20station |
Moyry Castle (from the Irish Maġ Rí or "plain of the king") is situated in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It was built during the latter stages of the Nine Years' War in June 1601 by Lord Mountjoy to help secure Moyry Pass and the Gap of the North. It is set in the corner of a small bawn and is a small rectangular tower three storeys high.
Moyry Castle is a State Care Historic Monument sited in the townland of Carrickbroad, in Newry, Mourne and Down District Council area, at grid ref: J0576 1466.
Moyry Castle, is built on solid rock, It is almost square, 8 metres (26') each way and is three stories high. There are musketry loopholes on each wall except the North facing wall. This wall held the fireplaces which protrude on the outside.
History
From 1601 on this place became known as Ballinemoyree, or Place of the Moyre, and was called "Bother a Mhaighre" in Irish. A captain Anthony Smith, was made constable of the castle and left to guard the pass with twelve men.
In the patent rolls in 1606 King James I set aside the following area for the maintenance and security of the castle, fort and ward of Moyry: the towns, Dromintee, Carrickbroad, Dromad, Faughilotra, Faughart Faughiletra, part of Feede. The man who ordered the castle to be built was called Lord Deputy Mountjoy, who replaced Lord Deputy Essex who was beheaded after signing a truce with the enemy, the O'Neills. Lord Mountjoy's real name was Charles Blout. He was 36 when he was sent to Ireland by Queen Elizabeth. He was a soldier, Courtier, Scholar, Bookman and was also deeply religious. He could also speak French and Italian.
It was Mountjoy's belief that "in every fort some little keepe (or tower) of stone be built, neither need these little castles be works of any great charge for they may be easily made such as this people will hardly force them". After this the Moyry pass was a relatively safe passage from North to South. In 1641 the confederates garrisoned the castle and in August–September 1690 King William's army, under the command of Schomberg marched from Belfast, through this pass to Dundalk on their way to the Boyne.
Lieut. Colonel Laurence Dempsey of Galmoy's commanding 40 dragoons and Lieut. Colonel Fitzgerald of Bellew's regiment with a company of infantry ambushed a Williamite detachment at the stone bridge near Jonesborough on 23 June early in the morning, routing the Williamite infantry and taking prisoners. There were casualties on both sides, and Dempsey, a veteran of almost half a century of European warfare died of his wounds on the eve of the Battle of the Boyne at Oldbridge.
In one account of this journey this area is described as having vast mountains between which there is a great bog. Through the middle of this bog is a long road with a deep ditch and a small stone bridge. The road runs towards a place called the Four-mile house the present Half-way house. The bog is believed to be the Dun-a-ree bog which is now believed to be part of the railway embankment.
The most famous story of this area, is about a cat. Mountjoy left his warder and 12 men to garrison the Castle in 1601. Shortly after this, his warder shot a local man reputed to be a wizard, as a spy. The wizards sole companion was an enormous black cat, who in revenge, destroyed the garrison. He slit the throats of the army's flocks and herds and carried them off. And so, for many a long day, the Cat of Moyry Castle was a terror to the soldiers of the pale.
References
See also
Jonesborough, County Armagh
Castles in Northern Ireland
Moyry Castle and The Gap of the North
Castles in County Armagh
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland
Tower houses in Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyry%20Castle |
Shawlands railway station is a railway station serving Shawlands, a suburb of Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is located on the Cathcart Circle Line. It opened in April 1894, when the original line to Cathcart via Queens Park was extended in a loop back towards Glasgow Central. The Cathcart Circle Line has been electrified since 1962 under British Railways.
Services
Up to November 1979
Two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).
From November 1979
Following the opening of the Argyle Line on 5 November 1979, two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and two trains per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).
From 2006
One train per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill/Newton and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer). On Sundays the Cathcart Circle trains do not operate, so only an hourly service is provided in each direction.
Routes
References
Notes
Sources
Railway stations in Glasgow
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1894
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawlands%20railway%20station |
Team Rensi Motorsports was a NASCAR Nationwide Series team owned by Ronnie Russell, Ed Rensi, Gary Weisbaum, and formerly Sam Rensi. The team has also competed in the Winston Cup Series, Craftsman Truck Series, and ARCA racing series.
Ed Rensi, who was president and CEO of McDonald's USA from 1991 to 1997, has been Team Rensi Racing's Chairman and CEO since October 1998.
Car No. 24 history
Jason Keller (2005)
The No. 24 team debuted in 2005 as the No. 35 being driven by veteran Jason Keller with sponsorship from McDonald's. Despite a ninth-place finish in points, Keller struggled to run up front, and he left for Phoenix Racing at the end of the season.
Regan Smith (2006)
Regan Smith took his place in 2006, and had one top-ten finish. Smith departed from the ride for Ginn Racing. Hamilton returned to Rensi to drive the No. 35 for the 2007 season, finishing sixth in points.
Bobby Hamilton Jr. (2007)
During the 2007–08 offseason, McDonald's ended its sponsorship of the No. 35 and David Gilliland took the FreeCreditReport.com sponsorship of the No. 25 car to the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Team Rensi signed Smithfield Foods as prime sponsor of the No. 25 car, allowing Hamilton to move to that team. The 35 returned late in 2008 with Danny O'Quinn driving, but he failed to finish both races he ran.
Eric McClure (2009-2010)
The car made a return to full-time racing in 2009, with Eric McClure bringing both Hefty sponsorship and the No. 24 over from Front Row Motorsports.
In 2010, McClure and Hefty remained with the team. After surgery on his foot, McClure was relieved by driver Chris Cook at Road America. D. J. Kennington raced the car at Montreal to an 11th-place finish, as McClure sat out of the race due to a concussion the prior week from Bristol. McClure and Hefty will leave the team for 2011, citing performance issues and a lacking budget from Team Rensi.
Kevin Lepage (2011)
For 2011, Kevin Lepage drove the car for the first several races of the season. Lepage ran full races initially, but was forced to withdraw from Bristol after a practice crash and did not arrive at Talladega. They were last seen at Texas.
Car No. 24 results
Car No. 25 history
Early years (1999-2000)
The team, then known as Team Rensi Motorsports first joined the Busch Series in 1999, fielding the No. 25 Dura Lube Chevrolet Monte Carlo for Jeff Finley. They finished 13th at the season opening NAPA Auto Parts 300, but Finley failed to qualify for the next few races, and he and the team drifted apart. Kenny Wallace took over at Nashville, and drove 18 races that season for the team, posting nine finishes of seventh or better. Rick Fuller, David Blankenship and Scott Lagasse drove two races a piece for the team as well, and they finished eighteenth in owner's points that season. Wallace returned again in 2000 with new sponsor Lance Snacks, and posted eight top-ten finishes, his best finish was 4th twice at Bristol races. Blankenship and Andy Santerre drove in the races that Wallace did not run, with Santerre finishing 3rd at Pikes Peak.
Chad Chaffin (2001)
In 2001, the U.S. Marines signed on as sponsor. Since Wallace had moved onto Innovative Motorsports, Chad Chaffin began the year with the team, but after he couldn't finish higher than 16th at Atlanta, he was released. Rookie David Donohue took over at the Pepsi 300 Presented by Mapco/Williams, but he too, struggled in the ride, and was released after 12 starts. Randy Tolsma finished the season for the team, who finished 29th in points that year.
Bobby Hamilton Jr. (2002-2004)
After 2001, Rensi switched to Ford Tauruses and signed Bobby Hamilton Jr. to drive. After a slow start, the two began to gain momentum, and they picked up their first win at the Busch 200, and finished eighth in points. This success carried over into the next season as well, as Hamilton won four races and finished fourth in points. They would not be able to win in 2004, and after the Cabela's 250, Hamilton left to drive for PPI Motorsports at the Nextel Cup level, and Mike McLaughlin took over for the rest of the season, finishing second at the Stacker 200 Presented by YJ Stinger.
Ashton Lewis (2005-2006)
In 2005, Rensi signed Ashton Lewis to drive the 25 car. Lewis had five top-ten finishes and a fourteenth-place finish in points. After many poor performances, however, Lewis was released and the Marines left as a sponsor.
David Gilliland and Richard Johns (2007)
For 2007, credit report site FreeCreditReport.com signed on as sponsor, with Nextel Cup driver David Gilliland and head engineer Richard Johns originally slated to share the ride. During the RoadLoans.com 200 weekend, Gilliland announced his departure from the No. 25, citing that he needed to focus on his Yates Racing No. 38 Cup ride. Johns drove for the remainder of the season.
Bobby Hamilton Jr. (2008)
The team returned Hamilton to the ride for the 2008 season in the newly renamed Nationwide Series, as his No. 35 team had folded. Smithfield Foods served as the sponsor for 30 races, and Hamilton drove to a fifteenth-place points finish with two top-ten finishes. Boris Said drove the 25 for two road course races with No Fear sponsorship.
Part-time (2009-2011)
The No. 25 returned for one race in 2009, at ORP with Hamilton Jr. driving.
In 2010, the No. 25 raced at Richmond and Charlotte with Kelly Bires behind the wheel and Raybestos as the sponsor.
For 2011, the No. 25 team, with driver Kelly Bires, qualified for the Daytona race, but lack of funding caused them to start and park, only completing a few laps.
The last time they were seen at a racetrack was at Michigan which was going to be the Nationwide debut for Chad Finley. Unfortunately, Finley crashed the car in practice and the team did not have a backup, so they were forced to withdraw.
Car No. 25 results
Craftsman Trucks
Team Rensi began fielding a Craftsman Truck team in 2000, after purchasing equipment from Dale Earnhardt, Inc. Driver Jimmy Hensley drove the mostly unsponsored No. 16 Chevrolet Silverado to a 13th-place finish in points. In 2001, Donohue began running the No. 16, but after three races, the team shut down due to sponsorship issues. Randy Tolsma drove the No. 61 that year and was tenth in points when his team closed as well due to financial problems. He ran one final Truck race for Rensi in 2002 (driven by Butch Miller), finishing 18th in a Marine-sponsored truck at Martinsville Speedway, the last race for Rensi's truck program.
References
External links
Team Rensi Motorsports
Ed Rensi Owner Statistics
Sam Rensi Owner Statistics
Gary Weisbaum Owner Statistics
1999 establishments in North Carolina
Auto racing teams in the United States
Companies based in North Carolina
Defunct NASCAR teams
ARCA Menards Series teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team%20Rensi%20Motorsports |
James L. Axtell (December 20, 1941 - August 29, 2023) was an American historian. He was a professor of history at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. Axtell, whose interests lie in American Indian history and the history of higher education, was the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Humanities. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2004. Axtell retired at the end of the spring 2008 semester, although he taught a class at Princeton University in the fall of 2009.
Books
: History Book Club; Gilbert Chinard Prize, Society for French Historical Studies, 1985; Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin Prize, American Society for Ethnohistory, 1986; Albert B. Corey Prize, American Historical Association-Canadian Historical Association, 1986
Wisdom′s Workshop. The Rise of the Modern University. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2016, .
References
External links
Professor Axtell's personal homepage and curriculum vitae
1941 births
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
College of William & Mary faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Living people
Northwestern University faculty
People from Endicott, New York
Princeton University faculty
Yale University alumni
Yale University faculty
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians from New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Axtell |
Maxwell Park railway station is a railway station in Pollokshields area of Glasgow, Scotland, adjacent to the park of the same name. The station is managed by ScotRail and is located on the Cathcart Circle Line, which has been electrified since 1962 by British Railways.
History
Maxwell Park station was built in 1894 by the Caledonian Railway, as an extension of the earlier Cathcart District Railway back towards Glasgow Central. The station is now protected as a category B listed building.
Services
Up to November 1979
Two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).
From November 1979
Following the opening of the Argyle Line on 5 November 1979, two trains per hour between Glasgow Central and Kirkhill and two trains per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer).
From 2006
One train per hour between Glasgow Central and Newton and one train per hour in each direction on the Cathcart Circle (Inner and Outer). On Sundays the Circle services do not run, so only 1tph calls each way to/from Newton.
Routes
References
Notes
Sources
See also
Railway stations in Glasgow
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1894
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Category B listed buildings in Glasgow
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Pollokshields | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%20Park%20railway%20station |
Arthur Guseni Oliver Mutambara (born 25 May 1966) is a Zimbabwean politician. He became the president of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in February 2006. He has worked as a director and CEO of Africa Technology and Business Institute since September 2003. Under a September 2008 power-sharing agreement, Mutambara served in the government as one of two Deputy Prime Ministers from 2009 to 2013.
Early activism
Mutambara was president of the Student Representative Council of the University of Zimbabwe in 1988 and 1989. He led anti-government protests at the University of Zimbabwe which led to his arrest and imprisonment. He was later educated on a Rhodes Scholarship in 1991, at Merton College, Oxford in the United Kingdom where he obtained a DPhil in Robotics and Mechatronics, and in the United States where he spent time as a visiting Fellow in the same field, including both California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Florida State University College of Engineering. He also worked as a lecturer on Business Strategy and as a consultant for McKinsey & Company.
Mutambara criticised government ministers for abusing Zimbabwe's land reform program, engaging in: "monopolistic politics of domination, corruption, and petty bourgeois accumulation."
Mutambara, a self-professed admirer of Che Guevara, has also expressed his intention to visit Cuba to learn more about its "successful resistance" to American sanctions. Mutambara added: "We have a lot to learn from Cuba which started its revolution in 1959, we will continue with our solidarity, continue with the struggle and strengthen our co-operation."
Scholarly output
From March 2002 to September 2003, Mutambara was a professor of Operations Management at the University of South Africa's School of Business Leadership. Mutambara has authored at least two books. His most cited paper, of his at least thirteen papers, is entitled Estimation and control for a modular wheeled mobile robot co-authored with Professor Hugh F. Durrant-Whyte. According to Scopus as of 2013 his h-index was a modest 4.
Movement for Democratic Change
In 2005 the MDC split into two factions following a dispute over whether or not to participate in the March 2005 senatorial election. While MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai, Mutambara, and others opposed participation, Welshman Ncube and Gibson Sibanda led a faction that favoured participation. Those supporting the senate elections won narrowly against the leader Morgan Tsvangirai's vote. Tsvangirai later overruled and overturned the decision of the plebiscite citing two absent members had sent in postal votes that canceled the slender margin.
In February 2006 at a Congress of the breakaway faction Movement for Democratic Change, Mutambara was elected as president of the party. Commenting on the election, Mutambara said, "My position was that the MDC should have boycotted those Senate elections. I guess then that makes me the anti-Senate leader of the pro-Senate MDC faction. How ridiculous can we get? That debate is now in the past, let us move on and unite our people."
The choice of Mutambara as leader was said to have been inspired by the fact that he is a Shona whereas Sibanda and Ncube are both Ndebele, but realised that only a Shona candidate could win an election across the whole of Zimbabwe. Mutambara is not a member of the House of Assembly.
The faction led by Tsvangirai described Mutambara's election as a nullity. In his MDC faction presidential acceptance speech, Mutambara stated, "We believe that our views on land reform in Zimbabwe are different from those of Western governments. Our approach is not driven by the interests of white farmers, but by those of all Zimbabweans, white and black. While we put the failure of the land reform program squarely on the ZANU–PF government, we also acknowledge the complicity of some Western governments which reneged on agreements, and the inertia of white farmers in seeking pre-emptive solutions." However, David Karimanzira, a leading member of the ZANU–PF, alleged that Mutambara was promoted by the West after Western governments decided not to continue backing Morgan Tsvangirai because the Zimbabwean people had allegedly rejected his party manifesto. He once called the African Union a "club of dictators".
Mutambara was arrested by the Zimbabwe police on 19 May 2006 while leading a march in support of his faction's candidate on the eve of the Budiriro by-election. He was also arrested on 11 March together with other MDC leaders from the other faction. He was released without charge two days later, only to be re-arrested on 18 March at Harare Airport en route to South Africa, where his family is still based, and where he is also a leading consultant. He was also released without charge after three days in custody.
2008 presidential election
After Mutambara and Tsvangirai failed to unite on a single MDC candidate for the March 2008 presidential election, Mutambara said on 15 February that he would not run for president and that his faction would instead back Simba Makoni. Mutambara instead ran in the concurrent parliamentary election for a seat from the Zengeza East constituency, but he was placed third, with 1,322 votes, according to official results, behind the candidate of the Tsvangirai faction, who won 7,570 votes, and the ZANU–PF candidate, who won 3,042 votes.
The Tsvangirai faction won 99 seats in the parliamentary election and the Mutambara faction won 10, compared with 97 for ZANU–PF. On 28 April 2008, Mutambara and Tsvangirai announced that their factions were reuniting, thus enabling the MDC to have a clear parliamentary majority.
On 1 June 2008, Mutambara was arrested at his home in Harare. According to his lawyer, the arrest was due to an article he wrote in The Standard in April, which allegedly included "falsehoods" and "contempt of court". In this article, he blamed Mugabe for the state of the economy and accused the security forces of committing abuses. On 3 June, Mutambara was released on a bail of 20 million Zimbabwean dollars but he did not go to jail, with the next court date being set for 17 June. After the hearing on 3 June, he described his own suffering as minor compared to that of the people, saying that Mugabe's "human rights violations" would fail and vowing, "We will triumph over evil."
SADC facilitated power-sharing agreement
On 15 September 2008, the leaders of the 14-member Southern African Development Community witnessed the signing of a power-sharing agreement between the two MDC factions and ZANU-PF. Under the deal, Mugabe remained president, Tsvangirai became prime minister, the MDC controlled the police, ZANU-PF controlled the Army, and Mutambara became deputy prime minister.
References
External links
Interview with Arthur Mutambara
1966 births
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Living people
Management consultants
McKinsey & Company people
Deputy Prime Ministers of Zimbabwe
Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara politicians
University of Zimbabwe alumni
Zimbabwean Rhodes Scholars
Zimbabwean engineers
Roboticists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mutambara |
Constantinople Records was an upstart record label created by Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins. Little is known about the label and no official website or company exists. The US Patent Office's website listed the label as being trademarked by Corgan. When word of the label was made public, a domain name was registered but no website ever appeared. After one year the URL had expired.
The label was ultimately created to only release The Smashing Pumpkins' sixth studio album: Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music and the EPs that were associated with it, because Corgan's relationship with Virgin Records had deteriorated. Virgin had refused to release Machina and Machina II as a double album, and when Machina sold poorly, refused entirely to release the sequel. Since the band was breaking up at the time, Corgan decided to release Machina II for free download on the internet. Only twenty-five vinyl copies were pressed, and were shipped via FedEx to several prominent fans in the online community, with instructions to immediately redistribute it on the Internet free of charge.
Releases
Five releases have come out on Constantinople Records:
CR-01: The first EP in Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music
CR-02: The second EP in Machina II
CR-03: The third EP in Machina II
CR-04: The double LP in Machina II
CR-05: Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88
It was rumored that this label would support all future releases for work done by Billy Corgan. However, starting in 2003 he began publishing work under the label "Martha's Music," with distribution by Reprise Records.
References
E! Online News- Smashing Pumpkins' Swan Songs, September 12, 2000
See also
List of record labels
American record labels
Record labels established in 2000
Alternative rock record labels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople%20Records |
Fahd Faraj al-Juwair () (1969 – 28 February 2006) was a high-ranking member of al-Qaeda who was the highest member of that organization in Saudi Arabia at the point of his death.
Juwair was born in the town of al-Zulfi in 1969. He joined al-Qaeda after becoming an adult and began to rise up the ranks of importance. After his predecessor Younis al-Hayari was killed in a shootout in Riyadh Juwair took over as al-Qaeda's leader on the Arabian peninsula.
Juwair was killed 28 February 2006, when he led a failed assault on an oil processing plant in Abqaiq.
References
Saudi Arabian al-Qaeda members
1969 births
2006 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahd%20Faraj%20al-Juwair |
The British Power Boat Company was a British manufacturer of motor boats, particularly racing boats and later military patrol boats.
History
The company was formed on 30 September 1927 when Hubert Scott-Paine bought and renamed the Hythe Shipyard with the intention of transforming it into one of the most modern mass production boat building yards in the country. Together with his chief designer, Fred Cooper, the company produced the 26-foot single step hydroplane racing boat Miss England I. Later after Fred Cooper had left, Hubert Scott-Paine designed Miss Britain III.
From 1930 the British Power Boat Company supplied seaplane tenders to the Air Ministry, commencing with RAF200, a 37-footer. The trials of this and other boats was carried out by T. E. Shaw (T. E. Lawrence) on behalf of the Royal Air Force, and he and Scott-Paine worked together over the next few years. These tenders were powered by twin 100bhp Meadows petrol engines giving a maximum speed of 29 knots (some of the later ones were fitted with Perkins S6M diesels).
The company marketed its own modified Napier Sea Lion engines under the name "Power" Marine Engines.
On 3 August 1931 the factory burnt to the ground, but was rapidly rebuilt as the most modern and efficient boatyard in Britain. Motor Torpedo Boats with a hard chine were designed, built, and increasingly sold to the British Admiralty. Armoured target boats were also built for the RAF, proving very successful and cost-effective, together with tenders for Imperial Airways flying boats, and admiral's barges.
In 1939, due to the difficulties in obtaining British engines, Scott-Paine took PT-9 to the US to enable Elco to mass-produce PT boats using Packard motors.
Craft for the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during WW2
During World War II the British Power Boat Company built large numbers of Motor Torpedo Boats, High Speed Motor Launches, and Motor Gun Boats (previously known as Motor Anti-Submarine Boats), being credited with saving the lives of over 13,000 service personnel.
One of their welders during WW2 was artist Sybil Andrews and she used her time to also do some paintings of the boats under construction.
All unfinished contracts were cancelled at the cessation of hostilities and the British Power Boat Company closed in 1946.
See also
Fairmile Marine
Vospers
Electric Launch Company
British Coastal Forces of World War II
References
Rance, Adrian (1989) Fast Boats and Flying Boats. Ensign Publications.
Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United Kingdom
Hythe, Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Power%20Boat%20Company |
Campbell Armstrong (25 February 1944 – 1 March 2013) was born Thomas Campbell Black and was a Scottish author who graduated with a degree in philosophy from the University of Sussex, England. He taught creative writing from 1971 to 1974 at the State University of New York at Oswego; from 1975 to 1978 he taught at Arizona State University. He worked for some years as a fiction editor with various London publishing houses. After living for many years in England and the United States, he moved to Shannon Harbour, Ireland. He died on 1 March 2013, four days after his 69th birthday.
His novels Assassins & Victims and The Punctual Rape won Scottish Arts Council Awards. The Last Darkness and White Rage were nominated for the Prix du Polar. His quartet of Glasgow novels consists of The Bad Fire, The Last Darkness, White Rage, and Butcher. He also wrote a memoir titled All That Really Matters, retitled in the United States as I Hope You Have a Good Life.
Under his real name, "Campbell Black"—and under the pseudonym "Thomas Altman"—he wrote novelizations of movies including Raiders of the Lost Ark and Dressed to Kill, as well as thrillers and horror novels. He co-wrote the 1980 novel The Homing with Jeffrey Caine, under the pseudonym "Jeffrey Campbell."
His work was originally influenced by Robert Louis Stevenson, and he ascribed a certain "dark aspect" of his writing to the opening scenes of Treasure Island. Among other influences he included Franz Kafka, Fred Vargas, Kobo Abe, and Albert Camus.
His books have been translated into French, German, Greek, Japanese, Italian, Hebrew and Polish.
Bibliography
The Wanting (1966)*
Assassins & Victims (1969)*
The Punctual Rape (1970)*
Death's Head (1971)*
Black Christmas (1976)**
Brainfire (1977)
Letters from the Dead (1980)*
Dressed to Kill (Novelization) (1980)*
Raiders of the Lost Ark (Novelization) (1981)
Mr. Apology (1984)*
The Piper (1986)*
Jig (1987)
Mazurka (1988)
Mambo (1989)
Agents of Darkness (1991)
Asterisk (1992)
Concert of Ghosts (1992)
Jigsaw (1994)
Heat (1996)
Blackout (1996)
Silencer (1997)
Deadline (2000)
[*]= as "Campbell Black"
[**]= as "Thomas Altman"
The Glasgow Novels
Bad Fire (2002)
The Last Darkness (2003)
White Rage (2004)
Butcher (2006)
Memoir
I Hope You Have a Good Life (UK title: All That Really Matters) (2000)
Plays
Death’s Head (BBC-TV) (1968)
And They Used to Star in Movies (Peacock, Dublin: Travers, Edinburgh; Body Politic, Chicago. Soho Poly, London) (1970)
The Trial of Mr. Punch on Charges of Cruelty (2008)
Whispering (radio play broadcast by the BBC in 2008)
References
External links
"An Interview with Campbell Armstrong"
Official website
Interview
Biography
1944 births
2013 deaths
Writers from Glasgow
Academics from Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Sussex
Arizona State University faculty
State University of New York at Oswego faculty
Scottish male novelists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%20Armstrong |
The Environment Trust was a registered charity and development trust which, from 1979 until its closure in 2008, was based in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It aimed to achieve sustainable development by improving the social, economic and physical environment for community benefit.
The Environment Trust helped to establish Fair Finance, a community development financial institution, which offered a range of financial packages to disadvantaged community members in the East End of London.
The Trust researched and developed renewable energy schemes, including solar, wind, biofuels, and tidal energy, and offered educational workshops in schools around themes of biodiversity, nature and gardening. Through organised events, it assisted people in becoming more involved in improving and using their local green spaces. It also worked with partners and communities to try to effect change in local and national government policy on public spaces and biodiversity.
The organisation provided affordable, environmentally sustainable housing through its green homes schemes. It developed a practical approach to building energy efficient homes with low running costs, which were then sold at 70% of their market value.
The organisation also worked to increase the number of quality, affordable workspaces available to local social enterprises, by acquiring land and properties at discounted cost and transforming them into suitable workspace, which were then developed in line with the Green Homes Specification.
See also
Environment Trust for Richmond upon Thames, now Habitats & Heritage
References
1979 establishments in England
2008 disestablishments in England
Charities based in London
Community development organizations
Environmental charities based in the United Kingdom
Environmental organisations based in London
Former organisations based in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Housing organisations based in London
Renewable energy organizations
Sustainable development | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Environment%20Trust%20%28Tower%20Hamlets%29 |
Greenfaulds railway station serves the Greenfaulds area of Cumbernauld, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is also within walking distance of the Lenziemill industrial estate, the Luggie Water and the Blairlinn industrial estate. The station is managed by ScotRail and is located north east of Glasgow Queen Street (High Level) on the Cumbernauld Line and is north of Motherwell railway station on the Motherwell to Cumbernauld Line.
History
The station was opened on 15 May 1989 by British Rail with financial backing from what was then the Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive. It was on a new site (though the line that serves it is considerably older) and was built as part of the plan to upgrade the Queen Street to Cumbernauld line. The Motherwell service began calling here when it was inaugurated in May 1996.
Open access operator Grand Union Trains plans to use the station on a Stirling to London Euston service to begin in 2025.
Services
2017
The typical service Monday-Saturday is:
2tph to Dalmuir via Glasgow Queen Street Low Level and Yoker
1tph to Dalmuir via Motherwell, , Glasgow Central Low Level and Yoker
1tph to Glasgow Queen Street High Level
4tph to Cumbernauld, one of which operates to Camelon and Falkirk Grahamston
On Sundays, there is an hourly service in each direction to Cumbernauld and only.
There are also two large park and ride car parks at the station with both being behind the station.
2018/19
From December 2018, a new half hourly Glasgow - Edinburgh via Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston service will start, replacing the hourly DMU service and take over the existing EMU service between Springburn and Cumbernauld. The new service will use new Class 385 EMUs. The service between Cumbernauld and Dalmuir via Motherwell and Glasgow Central will continue to operate with existing stock.
The typical Monday - Saturday service will be:
2tph to Edinburgh via Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston
2tph to Glasgow Queen Street High Level
1tph to Cumbernauld only
1tph to Dalmuir via Motherwell and Glasgow Central Low Level
References
Railway stations in North Lanarkshire
SPT railway stations
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1989
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Cumbernauld
1989 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfaulds%20railway%20station |
Finn Helgesen (25 April 1919 – 3 September 2011) was a speed skater from Norway.
Career
Competing in the 500 m he won the national title in 1947 and 1949 and an Olympic gold medal in 1948. In 1948 he set a new Olympic record at 43.1 seconds, a mere 0.1 seconds ahead of three skaters who placed second. At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Helgesen and two other skaters had a time of 44.0 seconds on the 500 m, a time good enough for bronze, but because Helgesen had lost in the heats against one of those two skaters, he was ranked fifth. Note that times were measured to a precision of only one-tenth of a second in those days – at the speeds on the 500 m, it was possible for two skaters to finish in the same time, while one of them finished more than one meter ahead of the other. Meanwhile, the speed was such that in one tenth of second skaters covered more than one meter.
Helgesen skated for Oslo Skøiteklub ("Oslo Skating Club"), together with many other famous Norwegian skaters: Roald Aas, Ivar Ballangrud, Bernt Evensen, Rudolf Gundersen, Oscar Mathisen, and Laila Schou Nilsen, amongst others.
Personal life
He was born in Drammen as seventh out of ten siblings, but when he was seven years old his family moved to Strømmen, an industrial site next to Oslo. He was a promising young skater, placing third over 500 m at the national junior championships in 1940, but his career was interrupted by World War II. In 1942 he married and had a daughter. His wife died from tuberculosis three years later, and he moved to his parents' house. He remarried in 1953, and had two more daughters and one son. Helgesen retired from competition in 1956 and became a speed skating coach at his club Oslo Skøiteklub. He also worked as a mechanic, first at Strømmen Værksted until 1960 and then at the Institute for Energy Technology.
Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the WR column lists the official world records on the dates that Helgesen skated his personal records.
Helgesen has an Adelskalender score of 202.046 points.
References
1919 births
2011 deaths
Norwegian male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Speed skaters at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Drammen
20th-century Norwegian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finn%20Helgesen |
Western Technical College (Western or WTC) is a public technical college in La Crosse, Wisconsin. A member of the Wisconsin Technical College System, the Western Technical College District serves 11 counties and enrolls over 5,000 students. The college has six campus locations in western Wisconsin and its main campus is in downtown La Crosse. Western is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
History
Founded in 1912, the school was previously known as Western Wisconsin Technical College (WWTC), but "Wisconsin" was dropped on March 29, 2006. Western received voter approval for facilities improvement via referendums in 1992 ($8.9 million), 1996 ($3.65 million), and 2012 ($79.8 million).
Former names
1912-17: La Crosse Continuation and Adult Schools
1917-63: La Crosse Vocational School
1963-65: Coleman Vocational and Adult Schools
1965-68: Coleman Technical Institute
1968-87: Western Wisconsin Technical Institute
1987-2006: Western Wisconsin Technical College
2006–present: Western Technical College
Locations
Other locations where classes are offered include:
Black River Falls
Independence
Mauston
Sparta
Tomah
Viroqua
Academics
Western Technical College offers more than 100 programs, providing associate degrees, technical diplomas, and certificates. The college also offers English Language Learners courses, GED/HSED classes, and apprenticeship training.
Western has agreements with several colleges and universities that allow students earn credits towards a bachelor's degree through their programs.
Athletics
Western Technical College's sports teams are called the Cavaliers, who play in red and white colors. The school began athletics in 1967. The Cavaliers are members of the National Junior College Athletic Association and the Minnesota College Athletic Conference. In 2020, the Western Cavaliers Women's Basketball team finished the season 25-6 and won the NJCAA Division III National Championship, the first national title in school history.
Transportation
The main campus of WTC is located northeast of downtown La Crosse and is served by the La Crosse MTU transit system, which offers fare-free service to students . Route 4 provides bus service through campus on 7th Street, connecting to downtown La Crosse and UWL. SMRT buses stop on 7th Street providing regional bus service to Prairie du Chien, Viroqua, Tomah and other destinations.
The bikeshare system DriftCycle has a bikeshare station at the center of campus, one of fifteen across the city.
Gallery
See also
University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
Viterbo University
References
External links
Official website
The History of Western Technical College, Bert Hoch
Wisconsin technical colleges
Buildings and structures in La Crosse, Wisconsin
Universities and colleges established in 1912
Education in Juneau County, Wisconsin
Education in La Crosse County, Wisconsin
Education in Jackson County, Wisconsin
Education in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin
Education in Monroe County, Wisconsin
Education in Vernon County, Wisconsin
1912 establishments in Wisconsin
NJCAA athletics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Technical%20College |
Creevekeeran Castle is a castle in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It stands on a rocky outcrop but only the west wall, three stories high, remains. The castle is a Scheduled Historic Monument sited in the townland of Creevekeeran, in the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council area, at grid ref: H7847 3710.
References
See also
List of castles in Northern Ireland
Castles in County Armagh
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland
Scheduled monuments in Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creevekeeran%20Castle |
Cumbernauld railway station serves the town of Cumbernauld, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is located on the Cumbernauld Line, north east of Glasgow Queen Street (High Level) station and the Motherwell to Cumbernauld Line, north of . Trains serving the station are operated by ScotRail.
The patronage at Cumbernauld station does not compare well with that of stations in similar towns such as , possibly due to the awkward position on the southeastern periphery of the town, around a 20-minute walk from the town centre.
Other residential areas (including Westfield and Balloch) are closer to , while Condorrat and Greenfaulds are served by Greenfaulds railway station. Some areas like the Village or Abronhill are not within reasonable walking distance of a station, although Abronhill is close to the line, which has recently been electrified.
History
The station was built by the Caledonian Railway and opened on 7 August 1848 on their line from Gartsherrie (on the former Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway) to Greenhill on the Scottish Central Railway. The line gave the Caledonian access to central & north eastern Scotland from Glasgow and its main line from , but the station at Cumbernauld wasn't a commercial success as the village it served wasn't particularly large; and so it closed after just one year of operation. It was eventually reopened in 1870 to be served by local passenger services from Glasgow Buchanan Street on the lines toward Falkirk & Stirling.
When planning the new town in the 1950s, there was some consideration made to siting the town centre near the current railway station rather than on the hill top. The railway station in this scheme would then have been moved to the Luggie and Shank valley near the A73, beyond Lenziemill and Blairlinn.
However, it wasn't until the after the building of the new town started that the area's population began to expand significantly, and usage of the station increased. This also ensured that the station avoided the Beeching Axe in the early 1960s, even though (as noted) it wasn't particularly well sited for many of the newly built residential developments.
The line did though lose its direct link with the city after the closure to passengers of the Buchanan Street terminus in November 1966. The diversion of all main line expresses and the remaining local routes into Queen Street left the station without any trains serving it, and so a replacement service had to be introduced. This consisted of a DMU shuttle along the old main line into Glasgow, which was still operational as far as the works at St Rollox; however, just east of there they were re-routed onto the former Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway's Sighthill Branch to Cowlairs, which they used as far as . Trains terminated there, with passengers having to change onto North Clyde Line electric services over the former City of Glasgow Union Railway branch to and Queen Street Low Level.
Regular local services southwards towards and had also ceased by this time, although a limited number of longer distance trains continued to call there - notably the London Euston to Clansman & Royal Highlander expresses from the early 1970s onwards.
Through running to Queen Street High Level was eventually introduced in 1989, and since then several intermediate local stations along the line have reopened with backing from the Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive. Services both northwards to (September 1999) and southwards to Motherwell (May 1996) have also been reintroduced, whilst the opening of the Cowlairs Chord in 1993 meant that services could now proceed directly to Queen Street without having to reverse alongside the depot at Eastfield as before. The lines to Glasgow & Coatbridge have been electrified (as part of the Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme), with electric operation beginning in the spring of 2014. This has seen service frequencies on the Glasgow line increased to three per hour, and through running on electric services to the west end of Glasgow via the North Clyde Line through Queen Street Low Level. The station building is also undergoing major refurbishment as part of this work, with a new modular structure opened in July that year.
Further electrification northwards to Greenhill Junction is due for completion in 2018 (as part of the next phase of the EGIP), which will coincide with a further planned timetable recast that will see the existing service to Falkirk doubled to two trains per hour and extended through to Edinburgh Waverley via . This will see the town given direct links to the Scottish capital for the first time, as well as upping the Glasgow Queen Street service frequency to four trains per hour. The timetable upgrade & infrastructure work is being funded by Transport Scotland.
Services
2017
Off-Peak Monday to Saturday:
2tph to Dumbarton Central via Springburn and Glasgow Queen Street low level.
1tph to Glasgow Queen Street high level.
1tph to Falkirk Grahamston.
1tph to Dalmuir via Motherwell and Glasgow Central Low Level
On Sundays there is an hourly service to Partick via Springburn and Glasgow Queen Street low level.
2018/19
From December 2018, a new half hourly Glasgow - Edinburgh via Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston service will start, replacing the hourly DMU service and take over the existing EMU service between Springburn and Cumbernauld. The new service will use new Class 385 EMUs. The service between Cumbernauld and Dalmuir via Motherwell and Glasgow Central will continue to operate with existing stock.
The typical Monday - Saturday service will be:
2tph to Edinburgh via Falkirk Grahamston
2tph to Glasgow Queen Street High Level
1tph to Dalmuir via Motherwell and Glasgow Central Low Level
Signalling
Cumbernauld signal box, which had 35 levers, was located to the north of the station, on the east side of the line. Latterly it worked by Absolute Block to Greenfoot S.B. and by Track Circuit Block to Greenhill Junction S.B. Its primary function was to operate the crossover and reversing siding used by services that terminated & started back from here. This is still in use today.
Cumbernauld signal box closed on 3 May 1999, when the line was resignalled with colour light signals controlled from Cowlairs Signalling Centre.
Gallery
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Railscot - Cumbernauld
Railway stations in North Lanarkshire
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1849
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1870
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Cumbernauld
1848 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbernauld%20railway%20station |
ART.Welten is an Austrian association for independent artists. It was founded in 2005 by Monja Art, an Austrian film-maker and author, with the stated goal of being a place for artists to meet connected only by the "love of art".
ART.Welten focuses on the spreading of non-mainstream art, especially that which is of queer-interest or opposes to discrimination due to race, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.
History and current status
History
While working on her first feature Anemonis, Monja Art founded the association ART.Welten with the two filmmakers and journalists Caroline Bobek and Patrick Dorner. Other founding members were Miha Veingerl and Bernhard Art.
Current status
ART.Welten has elected a new directorate. Monja Art is president, Caroline Bobek is deputy president. Both were accepted at the Filmacademy Vienna.
Antonia Barboric, Miha Veingerl, Patrick Dorner and Bernhard Art remain as members of the directorate.
Completed ART.Welten projects
Feature film
Anemonis (Monja Art, 2005)
Documentaries
Mohnkugeln (Monja Art, 2009)
... was bleibt (Caroline Bobek, 2009)
Experimental short films
Welcome to my prison (Monja Art, 2006)
Mise en ordre (Caroline Bobek, 2007)
Télé-vision (Caroline Bobek, 2007)
Freude/Joy (Monja Art, 2007)
Show me a rose garden (Monja Art, 2007)
Lebenslagen (Caroline Bobek, 2007)
Judas (Monja Art, 2007)
Left, Untitled (Patrick Dorner, 2009)
Narrative short films
The Cinematographer (Patrick Dorner, 2006)
Ein Achterl und ein bisschen Liebe (Sebastian Leitner, 2006)
Vorstellungen (Louis-Jeremy Spieß, 2006)
Thinking (Louis-Jeremy Spieß, 2006)
Schere, Stein, Papier (Louis-Jeremy Spieß, 2006)
Nachtstück (Caroline Bobek, 2006)
Behind the colours of the night (Monja Art, 2006)
Mein Zimmer (Monja Art, 2007)
Spaziergang (Monja Art, 2008)
ROT (Monja Art, 2009)
Die Tasche (Caroline Bobek, 2009)
Animated short films
Gegen den Strom (Monja Art, 2007)
Found-footage experiments
It's a digital world! (Patrick Dorner, 2005)
Notes to anarchism (Patrick Dorner, 2006)
Return to Laredo – Requiem for a Cowboy (Patrick Dorner, 2007)
Filming Violence, 1891 – 1903 (Patrick Dorner, 2007)
Zombie Evolution (Patrick Dorner, 2007)
Photography
trop vite (Caroline Bobek, 2005)
insonne (Andreas Schöttl, 2006)
Invisible (Antonia Barboric, 2006)
GONE (Monja Art, 2007)
The new man (Antonia Barboric, 2007)
People – Closeness – View (Antonia Barboric, 2007)
At the busy crossing (Monja Art, 2007)
Operation: Victoria (Caroline Bobek, 2007)
Auschwitz (Antonia Barboric, 2008)
waiting (Monja Art, 2008)
silent (Monja Art, 2008)
schlafend (Caroline Bobek, 2004–2008)
Literature
Lesung und Vernissage (Antonia Barboric, 2007)
Literaturwettbewerb "schauen", 2008
Liebt einander! Die Vereinbarkeit von Homosexualität und christlichem Glauben (Monja Art, 2008)
Painting
ART on AIR, 2006
Panel Discussion
AWARE – ART.Weltens akademische Reihe, 2008
Remittance Works and Co-Productions
Interview with Adi Halfin (Monja Art, 2007)
This was an interview for the website CHiLLi.cc
AUS (punkt) (Louis-Jeremy Spieß, 2007)
Le Retour du Fils (Rares Ienasoaie, 2007)
Damenwahl (Ivan Koytschev, 2007)
Participations and awards
Anemonis: participated at the Alternative Film Festival Tromanale 2006 in Berlin, Germany
Anemonis: Bronze Standard Award at the British International Amateur Film Festival 2006
It's a digital world!: participated at the Cyprus International Film Festival 2006
Welcome to my Prison: was awarded at the Festival der Nationen 2006
Nachtstück: participated at the Judgement Night Festival 2007
Nachtstück: participated at the Stolac Short Film Festival 2007
Nachtstück: won a laudatory mention at shorts on screen 2007
References
External links
Official homepage of the association
Culture of Austria
Austrian artist groups and collectives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ART.Welten |
Powis may refer to:
People
Alfred Powis, Canadian businessperson
Carl Powis (1928–1999), American baseball player
Geoff Powis (1945–2001), Canadian ice hockey player
Lynn Powis (born 1949), Canadian former ice hockey player
Stephen Powis, National Medical Director for NHS England and professor of medicine
William Henry Powis (1808–1836), British wood engraver
Powis Pinder (1872–1941), British operatic baritone
Titles
Marquess of Powis, a title in the Peerage of England
Marchioness of Powis (disambiguation), a list of wives of marquesses of Powis
Earl of Powis, a title in the Peerage of England
Countess of Powis (disambiguation), a list of wives of earls of Powis
Other uses
Powis Street, Greenwich, London, England
Powis Street, one of the Welsh Streets, Liverpool, England
Powis Academy, a school merged into St Machar Academy, a secondary school in Aberdeen, Scotland
See also
Powis Castle, British medieval castle, fortress and grand country house near Welshpool, Powys, Wales
Powis House, a former 18th-century mansion in London, England
Powis Square, London
Powys (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powis |
Stepps railway station serves the town of Stepps, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The railway station is located on the Cumbernauld Line, 5¼ miles (8 km) north east of Glasgow Queen Street (High Level) and is managed by ScotRail.
History
The station is sited on the former Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway, which originally opened back to 1831 and later formed part of the Caledonian Railway main line from Glasgow Buchanan Street. A station at Stepps (originally known as Stepps Road) was opened on this line sometime around 1831/2 (when the line was extended to Coatbridge), which was then closed by the British Railways on 5 November 1962.
Electrification was established in 2014 with services from Springburn being extended to Cumbernauld.
Services
2017
Monday to Saturday, there is a half-hourly EMU service to Glasgow Queen Street Low Level and westbound and eastbound along with an hourly diesel service between Queen Street High Level and . Electric services reverse at Springburn to access the North Clyde Line following the inauguration of electrification between Springburn & Cumbernauld on 18 May 2014, but the service to/from Falkirk remains diesel operated at present.
On Sundays there is an hourly service to via Glasgow Queen St LL and to Cumbernauld.
2018/19
From December 2018, a new half hourly Glasgow - Edinburgh via Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston service started, replacing the hourly DMU service and taking over the existing EMU service between Springburn and Cumbernauld. The service uses new Class 385 EMUs.
Facilities
The station has a car park as well as cycle storage, but is not staffed. There is a ticket machine on the westbound platform, but not on the eastbound platform. A new 48 space car park was opened on the former site of St Joseph's Hall.
References
External links
Railway stations in North Lanarkshire
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1831
1831 establishments in Scotland
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1989
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepps%20railway%20station |
Schritt für Schritt () is the debut solo album by German recording artist Nadja Benaissa. It was released by Universal Music Urban on February 24, 2006 in German-speaking Europe. Her first solo effort following the disbandment of her former band, No Angels, it signaled a breakaway from the group's Europop sound in favor of a more soul-influenced pop album with German lyrics. Benaissa co-wrote the whole album, which features production by Tino Oac and Giuseppe Porrello, with additional credits from DJ Release, Audiotreats and Fairtone. Upon its release, Schritt für Schritt underperformed, debuting and peaking at number 71 on the German Albums Chart.
Track listing
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Schritt für Schritt.
Susanne Bader – brass
Loomis Green – bass guitar
Jens Klingelhöfer – guitar
Luniz – guitar
Alex Nies – drums / percussion
Andreas Neubauer – drums
Annabell Owusu-Ansah – viola
Giuseppe Porrello – guitar
Christoph Riebling – piano
Wolf Schönecker – guitar
Florian Sitzmann – organ / cello
Production
Executive producers: Nadja Benaissa, Mengstu Zeleke
Producer: Audiotreats, Fairtone, Tino Oac, Giuseppe Porrello, DJ Release
Engineers: Nadja Benaissa, Loomis Green, Baba Omar
Mixing: Ulf Hattwig, Wolfgang Manns, Toni Oac, Florian Sitzmann
Mastering: Ulf Hattwig
Art Direction: Oliver Daxenbichler
Photography & Design: Oliver Daxenbichler
Charts
Release history
References
External links
2006 debut albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schritt%20f%C3%BCr%20Schritt |
Dziennik Polski is a Polish newspaper established in 1945.
Dziennik Polski may also refer to:
Dziennik Polski (London), now Tydzień Polski, a Polish-language newspaper for Polish immigrants, established in 1940
Dziennik Polski, a Detroit, Michigan, newspaper published for many years by Franciszek Januszewski | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziennik%20Polski%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Gartcosh railway station serves the village of Gartcosh, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The railway station is managed by ScotRail and is located on the Cumbernauld Line, northeast of Glasgow Queen Street (High Level) station.
The station was opened on 9 May 2005 by The Princess Royal. The station was built at a cost of over £3 million, provided by Strathclyde Passenger Transport and North Lanarkshire council, on the site of the previous Gartcosh station that closed in 1962.
Services
2017
Monday to Saturday there are three trains per hour from Gartcosh to Glasgow Queen Street westbound and eastbound with an hourly service continuing to . Two of the westbound services run via Queen St Low Level to and over the North Clyde Line whilst the other (the service to/from Falkirk) terminates at Queen St High Level.
On Sundays there is an hourly service to Partick via Queen St LL and to Cumbernauld.
2018/19
From December 2018, a new half hourly Glasgow - Edinburgh via Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston service started, replacing the hourly DMU service and taking over the existing EMU service between Springburn and Cumbernauld. The service uses new Class 385 EMUs.
Facilities
The station has a car park, but is not permanently staffed.
References
External links
Pictures of Gartcosh pre and post railway station - Garnkirk and Glasgow railway
"HRH The Princess Royal visits Gartcosh" - North Lanarkshire Council website
Railway stations in North Lanarkshire
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1831
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2005
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Railway stations served by ScotRail | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartcosh%20railway%20station |
Bix is a village in the civil parish of Bix and Assendon in South Oxfordshire, about northwest of Henley-on-Thames. The village is about above sea level in the Chiltern Hills.
History
The remains of a Roman farmhouse were found during an excavation of the Common in 1955, as well as later Saxon remains. These were not considered to be worth retaining in an exposed condition and so the area was re-covered. There were originally two villages: Bix Brand and Bix Gibwyn. The toponym has at various times been Byxe and Bixa. The Domesday Book of 1086 records Bixa as part of the Hundred of Binfield.
Bix Brand's original parish church of Saint James is a small Norman building in Bix Bottom, about north of the village. It has a nave, chancel and several Norman lancet windows. Later additions include the Perpendicular Gothic east window and another Perpendicular window in the south wall. In 1874 the architect John Gibson completed the village's new Church of England parish church, closer to the centre of the village, also dedicated to Saint James. The new church has a north aisle and transept as well as a nave and chancel. Two of the north aisle windows contain sections of late 15th century Flemish stained glass. The old church was abandoned in 1875 and became ruined and overgrown.
Scenes from the 1971 Tigon British Film Productions film The Blood on Satan's Claw were filmed there. Funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund in 2015 has stabilised and preserved the ruin. Bix Manor has a 17th-century barn. The main road between Henley and Wallingford passes through the parish. It was made into a turnpike in 1736 and ceased to be a turnpike in 1873. The hill between Fair Mile, on the edge of Henley, and Bix was made a dual carriageway in 1937, one of the earliest dual carriageways in the country. It is now the A4130 road.
Amenities
The Warburg Nature Reserve in Bix Bottom is one of the largest that the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust owns and manages in Oxfordshire. It has an important population of Chiltern flora and fauna. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
References
Sources
External links
Assendon e-Museum
Villages in Oxfordshire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Oxfordshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bix%2C%20Oxfordshire |
The Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1597, when it appointed seven professors; this has since increased to ten and in addition the college now has visiting professors.
The Professor of Astronomy is always appointed by the City of London Corporation.
List of Gresham Professors of Astronomy
Note, years given as, say, 1596/97 refer to Old Style and New Style dates.
See also
Astronomer Royal
Astronomer Royal for Ireland
Notes
References
Gresham College old website, Internet Archive List of professors
Some Historical Astronomical Posts In Britain and Ireland
Further reading
Astronomy
1596 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham%20Professor%20of%20Astronomy |
Constitution Beach is a man-made crescent-shaped, sandy beach located in the Orient Heights neighborhood of East Boston, Massachusetts. Opened in 1952 and known to locals as "Shays Beach," its most distinctive feature is that looks directly onto the runways of Logan International Airport and Gang Eapar, so that airplanes taking off and landing on Runways 22L and 22R are about away, making them prominent both visibly and audibly.
The easternmost portion of the beach continues to be known to locals as "Shay's Beach."
The beach underwent renovations in the late 1990s as a new public bathhouse and refreshment stand was added, as well as a new pedestrian walkway over the tracks of the Blue Line onto Bennington Street.
The beach is located on of land, which was artificially constructed between December 1949 and May 1951. At that time, of land was filled in with hydraulically dredged material and gravel to create the beach, which soon after opened to the public in 1952.
The beach is located in a protected inlet so the water, though part of the Atlantic Ocean, is always relatively placid. There are bathhouse facilities on the beach, as well as a snack bar, a children's playground, handball, basketball, and tennis courts, in addition to baseball fields and an indoor ice rink.
The overpass that was built at the time allowed pedestrians to cross over subway tracks to reach the beach from the busy Bennington Street. It had begun to deteriorate in the 1990s and was replaced by a new structure.
In April 2021, a woman became stuck in the mud at low tide and had to be rescued by firefighters.
References
External links
Profile at Boston Central
Profile at Boston Harborwalk
Beaches of Massachusetts
East Boston
Landforms of Boston
Tourist attractions in Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution%20Beach |
Tydzień Polski is the successor title to the Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Żołnierza (English: "The Polish Daily and Soldier's Daily"), commonly known as Dziennik Polski, The Polish Daily, which was the first Polish language Daily newspaper continuously published in the United Kingdom from 12 July 1940 to July 2015.
On 17 July 2015 it became a weekly publication, Tydzień Polski, The Polish Week.
Publication began within three weeks of the arrival in London of the Polish government-in-exile and the paper was considered the official organ of the legal Polish authorities, recognised by HM Government and the Allies of World War II. From 1959, in addition to the Monday to Friday issues, a weekend edition came out on Saturdays, under the title, Tydzień Polski, The Polish Week. The editorial offices were for many years in Charleville Road in London's West Kensington.
History
Between 1940 and December 1943 the paper appeared as "Dziennik Polski", (the Polish Daily). On 1 January 1944 it merged with "Dziennik Żołnierza" (the Soldier's Daily) which had been the house journal of the I Polish Corps published in Glasgow between 1940 and 1943. Until 1945 the combined title became the mouthpiece of the Polish government in exile. It published news of events as the war unfolded, ministerial communiqués and publicised tragic discoveries such as the Katyn massacre, the death of General Sikorski or the Tehran Conference preparatory to the Yalta Conference. There were reports from Occupied Poland and other theatres of war. It also carried information aimed at assisting the daily life of a population that had not yet sufficiently mastered English.
Although the now shadow Polish government remained in London until a Polish government was freely elected in Poland in 1990, it had ensured the paper's future by a one-off financial settlement under a board of independent trustees which continued until 1968. From then the exiled Polska Fundacja Kulturalna (Polish Cultural Foundation) in London became its publisher.
Post-war
In the immediate aftermath of World War II, two seismic events affected the paper. The first was the transfer of British government recognition to the Communist authorities in Warsaw which had immediate financial repercussions. The second was the arrival in Great Britain of over 150,000 Polish allied troops and thousands of displaced persons emerging from camps in Western Europe. The Polish Resettlement Act 1947 did however grant permanent settlement rights to the Polish population which came mainly from the Kresy region of Poland and whose right of return to their homeland was permanently barred under the Yalta provisions. Accordingly, one third of Poland's territory had been ceded to the Soviet Union, including the two most important Polish centres of culture outside Warsaw and Kraków, that were the cities of Lwow and Wilno. It was as a consequence of this, that historically many original contributors to the paper were Kresovians, as were their readers.
As Poles in the United Kingdom became increasingly assimilated and the older generation passed on, Polish cultural structures came under severe financial pressure. The Polish Daily was no exception as it struggled with a dwindling circulation and falling advertising revenue so that combined with poor management in 2005 it came close to ceasing publication altogether. It was temporarily rescued by the appointment of new trustees and a generous donation from the Polish Combatants' Association. It was also somewhat aided by the influx of a new wave of Polish migrants. However, its format and competition from newer media meant a radical reorientation became inevitable.
Current weekly publication
With profound demographic changes in the readership over seven decades, and the appearance of free Polish language print publications after 2004 and offers online, the paper's strategy has had to adapt. The content includes British and Polish and world news, comments, readers' letters, features and obituaries as well as advertising of services pertinent to Polish migrants and older residents in a tabloid newspaper. The forty page edition comes out on Fridays. The paper has subscribers and is also sold through 2,500 outlets across the British Isles. It has an estimated readership of 30,000.
See also
Poles in the United Kingdom
References
Further reading
In Polish:
External links
Official website
London newspapers
Polish-British culture
Polish diaspora organizations
Polish-language newspapers
Daily newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Newspapers established in 1940
Publications disestablished in 2015
Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom
1940 establishments in the United Kingdom
2015 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Weekly newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Newspapers established in 2015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tydzie%C5%84%20Polski |
The Studebaker Light Six was a car built by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana from 1918 to 1927. It shared its wheelbase and standard equipment items with the Studebaker Light Four and was upgraded to the Studebaker Dictator in 1928.
Light Six
The Light Six originally came out in 1918.
Studebaker Standard Six
In August, 1924, the car was renamed the Studebaker Standard Six.
While in production, the Light Six / Standard Six represented Studebaker's least expensive model with a six cylinder engine, listing a retail price of USD$1,045 ($ in today's dollars). The car was available in a full array of body styles throughout its production.
Model EM (Light Six)
Engine Cylinders: L-head 6-cyl.
Displacement: 207.1 cu in.
Horsepower: 40 hp @ 2,000 rpm
• Bore & Stroke: 3.125 x 4.5 in.
• C. R.: 4.38:1
• Carburetor: Stromberg 1V One-barrel
• Wheelbase: 112 in. Wood Wheels.
• Tire: 4 x 31 in.
• Transmission: Selective sliding 3-speed floor gearshift manual.
Studebaker Standard Six Dictator
In 1927, the car was renamed the Studebaker Standard Six Dictator in preparation for the 1928 model year when the car would be henceforth known as the Studebaker Dictator.
Standard Six Coach specifications (1926 data)
Color - Belgian blue with black upper structure
Seating Capacity – Five
Wheelbase -
Wheels - Wood
Tires - 31” x 5.25” balloon
Service Brakes - contracting on rear
Emergency Brakes - contracting on drum at rear of transmission
Engine - Six-cylinder, vertical, cast in block, 3-3/8 x 4-1/2 inches; head removable; valves in side; H.P. 27.3 N.A.C.C.
Lubrication - Force-feed
Crankshaft - Four bearing
Radiator – Tubular
Cooling – Water Pump
Ignition – Storage Battery
Starting System – Two Unit
Voltage – Six to eight
Wiring System – Single
Gasoline System – Vacuum
Clutch – Dry plate, single disc
Transmission – Selective sliding
Gear Changes – 3 forward, 1 reverse
Drive – Spiral bevel
Rear Springs – Semi-elliptic
Rear Axle – Semi-floating
Steering Gear – Worm-and-wheel
Standard equipment
The new car price included the following items:
tools
jack
speedometer
ammeter
electric horn
thief-proof lock
automatic windshield cleaner
demountable rims
stop light
spare tire carrier
rear-view mirror
sun visor
cowl ventilator
headlight dimmer
clock
dome light
Optional equipment
The following equipment on new cars was available at extra charge:
Hydraulic four-wheel brakes with disc wheels
Source:
References
Light Six | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studebaker%20Light%20Six |
Michał Jan Żebrowski (born 17 June 1972) is a Polish actor and singer. He was the first actor to portray Geralt of Rivia, in the movie The Hexer.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Discography
Studio albums
Other
Music videos
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Male actors from Warsaw
Polish male film actors
Polish male television actors
Polish pop singers
Polish male voice actors
Polish male video game actors
20th-century Polish male singers
21st-century Polish male singers
21st-century Polish singers
Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82%20%C5%BBebrowski |
Nikolay Pavlovich Pukhov (; –March 28, 1958) was a Soviet Army colonel general and a Hero of the Soviet Union who commanded troops during World War II.
Pukhov fought in World War I as a junior officer, afterwards joining the Red Army and fighting in the Russian Civil War, rising to become chief of staff of a division. During the interwar period he served as an instructor at several military academies, and following the Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he was given command of the 304th Rifle Division. In January 1942 Pukhov was promoted to command the 13th Army, which he led for the rest of the war. He was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his leadership of the army during the Battle of the Dnieper in September and October 1943. Postwar, Pukhov commanded the 8th Tank Army and several military districts before becoming the head Soviet advisor to the Romanian People's Army, the last position he held before his death.
Early life and World War I
Pukhov was born on January 25, 1895, in the village of Grishovo in Kaluga Governorate. The son of an official, he graduated from the Kaluga Theological Seminary in 1915. He enrolled in the Moscow University but did not attend it, working as a history and literature teacher at the higher primary school in the village of Plokhino in Zhizdrinsky Uyezd of Kaluga Governorate from October, before being mobilized for service in the Imperial Russian Army in April 1916. He was sent to the 2nd Peterhof School of Praporshchiks, receiving the rank of Praporshchik upon graduation in October. Pukhov became a junior officer in the 163rd Reserve Infantry Regiment, stationed in Chelyabinsk. He was sent into combat on the Northern Front in June 1917 as a junior officer in the 186th Infantry Division's 744th Keidan Infantry Regiment. He served as chief of horse reconnaissance and intelligence for about two months but was gassed in the Battle of Riga near Ikšķile in August. In January 1918, Pukhov was demobilized with the rank of Praporshchik.
Russian Civil War
Pukhov joined the Red Guards in February 1918 at Liski as an adjutant in the headquarters for formation of Red Guard detachments, who conducted forced requisitioning in Voronezh Governorate and fought anti-Soviet forces. After the Red Guards were incorporated into the Red Army in May, he became the adjutant of the 2nd Voronezh Regiment (formed from the Red Guard detachments), fighting against the White Army led by Pyotr Krasnov in Voronezh Governorate in the areas of Pavlovsk and Bobrov. In early March 1919, Pukhov transferred to the 8th Army as chief of staff of its Kalach Group of Forces after the regiment was disbanded. In April, he became chief of staff of the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Special Division, formed from the group, and was appointed chief of staff of the Ryazan Infantry Division's 1st Brigade in October. The brigade was part of the screening force against White cavalry commander Konstantin Mamontov's raid into the rear of the Southern Front. In November, the brigade was sent to the 7th Army, where it became part of the 1st Consolidated Division of the Karelian Combat Sector (redesignated the 55th Rifle Division on 21 November), fighting the Finnish Whites on the Karelian Isthmus.
Between January and February 1920 the brigade was renamed the 164th Brigade and was a separate unit, part of the Pytalovo group of the 15th Army; it fought against Latvian troops in the Latvian War of Independence in the Pytalovo area. In March the brigade served with the 55th and 11th Rifle Divisions in battles against Polish troops around Polotsk. During the Polish–Soviet War, the brigade continued to fight in the Polotsk area with the Northern Group of the 4th and 15th Armies. During July and August, with the Cavalry Corps of the 4th and 3rd Armies, and subsequently the Grodno Group of Forces, the brigade launched attacks towards Vilno, Grodno, Łomża, Białystok, and Brest. After the defeat of the Red Army in September, the brigade was disbanded and Pukhov transferred to become chief of staff of the 61st and then the 63rd Brigades in the 3rd Army's 21st Rifle Division, which retreated from Grodno to Lida in heavy fighting. In January 1921, he was promoted to chief of staff of the division, covering the White Sea coast near Arkhangelsk. In April, the 21st was transferred to Siberia, where it eliminated Andrey Bakich and Alexander Kaygorodov's remnant White forces in the Altai Mountains.
Interwar period
Prior to World War II, Pukhov had little command experience. After the end of the Russian Civil War, he became chief of staff of the West Siberian Military District's 35th Rifle Division in April 1923. Between January 1924 and 1929 Pukhov commanded the 12th Rifle Division's 34th Rifle Regiment in the Siberian Military District. In September 1925, he entered the Vystrel Officers Improvement Course, graduating in October 1926, and in March 1930 was transferred to become a Vystrel tactics instructor himself. Pukhov then transferred to the Red Army's new and growing mechanized forces, and became assistant chief of the 1st Department of the Red Army Auto-Armored Division in July 1932. He was sent to Officers Technical Improvement Academic Courses at the Military Academy of Motorization and Mechanization in March 1934 and graduated in January 1935, becoming senior head of the tactics department there following graduation. Pukhov was made a Colonel in December after the Red Army re-introduced regular military ranks.
In July 1936, Pukhov became assistant chief in charge of training at the Gorky Armored School, which moved to Kharkov in March 1938. At Kharkov, he became the head of the school. In April 1939, Pukhov transferred to become an instructor at the Red Army Military-Economic Academy, and was promoted to Kombrig in April 1940. He became a Major General on 4 June when the Red Army reintroduced generals' ranks. That year he received the academic title of assistant in the tactics department. In January 1941 Pukhov became chief of the Training Department of the Military Quartermaster Academy after it was renamed from the Military-Economic Academy.
World War II
On August 28, 1941, more than two months after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union began, Pukhov was ordered to replace the commander of the 38th Army's 304th Rifle Division; this was his first field command since the rifle regiment about 15 years earlier. At the beginning of September it was transferred to the Kozelshchyna area, where until September 17 it suffered heavy losses in heavy defensive fighting, retreating east to the area of Sanzhery, Reshetylivka, and Poltava. The 304th then fought in the Donbass Defensive Operation during October, then was withdrawn to the reserve in the Snezhny Kut area. Pukhov held this position until January 20, 1942, when he was given command of the 13th Army, which he held until mid-1946. Until the middle of 1942 the army, part of the Bryansk Front, held defensive positions on the line of Skorodnoye and Kolpny. The army fought in the Battle of Voronezh in mid-1942 and the Voronezh-Kastornensk offensive operation in early 1943. On 14 February, following the latter, Pukhov was promoted to Lieutenant General. During the Battle of Kursk in July, the army, holding positions on the northern face of the Kursk bulge, repulsed six days of German attacks in fierce fighting, preventing a German breakthrough and limiting the German advance to 10–12 kilometers. When the Soviet troops switched over to the attack after decisively defeating the German army, the 13th Army fought in Operation Kutuzov.
The army advanced into Ukraine in the Chernigov-Pripyat Offensive. By 26 August, the army had advanced over 300 kilometers in less than a month. On 9 September, the army crossed the Desna River in the area of Obolonnaya and Spasskoye, repulsing German counterattacks for six days before resuming the advance. Between 15 and 16 September, the army crossed the bend of the Desna in the Chernigov and Morovsk area. Expanding the bridgehead, the army captured Chernigov on 21 September. On 23 September, two corps from the army crossed the Dnieper and on 30 September the Pripyat River. On 16 October, Pukhov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin for his leadership in the offensive. Joining the Voronezh Front, which became the 1st Ukrainian Front on October 20, the army fought to recapture Right-bank Ukraine and southeastern Poland. During the Battle of Kiev, Zhitomir–Berdichev Offensive, Rovno–Lutsk Offensive, Proskurov–Chernovtsy Offensive, and the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive from the end of 1943 to mid-1944, the army advanced more than 750 kilometers. On 26 August 1944, Pukhov was promoted to Colonel General. During the final stage of the war in 1945, the army fought in the Vistula–Oder Offensive, the Sandomierz–Silesian Offensive, the Lower Silesian Offensive, the Upper Silesian Offensive, the Berlin Offensive, and the Prague Offensive.
Postwar
Postwar, Pukhov continued to command the 13th Army, and in June 1946 became the first commander of the 8th Mechanized Army in the Carpathian Military District. In February 1948, he was transferred to command the Odessa Military District. After graduating from Higher Academic Courses at the Military Academy of the General Staff in 1952, Voroshilov became commander of the North Caucasus Military District in April 1953 before being transferred to command the West Siberian Military District in November of that year. He continued to command the Siberian Military District when it was recreated after the merger of the East and West Siberian Military Districts on January 4, 1956. In June 1957, Pukhov became the chief Soviet advisor to the Romanian People's Army. He died in Moscow on March 28, 1958, and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery. His unfinished memoirs were posthumously published in 1959 by Voenizdat as "Годы испытаний" or Years of Trials in English.
Legacy
Streets in Donetsk, Chernigov, and Kaluga were named for Pukhov. A memorial plaque dedicated to him was located in Kaluga. In June 2006, a monument to Pukhov was unveiled in Zhitomir, the former headquarters of the 8th Mechanized Army.
Awards and honors
Pukhov was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union at its 3rd and 4th convocations. He was awarded the following awards and decorations:
Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star No. 1799)
Order of Lenin (4)
Order of the Red Banner (3)
Order of Suvorov, 1st class (2)
Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 1st class
Virtuti Militari (Poland)
Order of the Cross of Grunwald (Poland)
Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945
Order of the Republic (Tuvan People's Republic)
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov
1895 births
1958 deaths
People from Kaluga Oblast
People from Peremyshlsky Uyezd
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Third convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Fourth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Second convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Third convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Soviet colonel generals
Imperial Russian Army officers
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union alumni
Russian military personnel of World War I
Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Soviet Union), 1st class
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st class
Knights of the Virtuti Militari
Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai%20Pukhov |
See also
Florida
List of municipalities in Florida
List of former municipalities in Florida
List of counties in Florida
List of census-designated places in Florida
References
USGS Fips55 database | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20places%20in%20Florida%3A%20L |
Lemonescent were a Scottish girl group formed in 2002. The band achieved success in their native Scotland, scoring five top twenty hits on the Scottish Singles Chart (two of which reached the top five) and also scored three top forty singles on the UK Singles Chart between 2002 and 2005.
Despite some commercial success the group was subject to controversy in 2003, when one of their singles became ineligible to chart due to apparent bulk buying in an attempt to manipulate the charts. Their debut album also failed to chart in either the Scottish or UK Album charts and the group lineup changed several times before the band eventually disbanded in 2005.
The band members consisted of Lisa Rose (2002–2003), Nikki MacLachlan (2002–2004), Sarah Cassidy (2002–2004), Shonagh Strachan (2002–2004), Leona Skimming (2003–2004) and Emma Cassidy (2003–2004).
History
Lemonescent came together through auditions for singers held by former Johnny Hates Jazz songwriter/member Iain MacDonald; He had chosen eight girls and then cut down to four with singer and dance champion Lisa Rose Harrison, former waitress Nikki Maclachlan, singer and dancer Sarah Cassidy, and Shonagh Strachan. They were signed to Supertone Records, distributed by Universal Music and came up with the name Lemonescent.
They released their first single "Beautiful" on 17 June 2002 (originally recorded and released by Iain's band Purely Physical in 1991, and originally featured TV presenter Jenny Powell on vocals). The video was filmed at Culzean Castle by Brighter Pictures, Directed by Gavin Hay. It reached No.70 in the UK Singles Chart. They performed at the Irn Bru Live + Loud festival in 2002.
They released their second single "Swing My Hips (Sex Dance)" on 29 October 2002 accompanied by a raunchy video showing them in tight denim shorts washing a car (inspired by cult film Cool Hand Luke). This performed slightly better peaking at No.48 in the UK charts, and topped DJ magazines Beat charts. In March 2003, they released 3rd single "Help Me Mama", which charted at No.36, landing them their first UK top 40 hit, but shortly after it hit the chart, Harrison left the group. Harrison left the band due to disagreements with their manager over their sound. Their manager made several negative remarks about Lisa after she had left the band. After Harrison's departure, the remaining members auditioned for a replacement, eventually taking on two new members, Emma Cassidy (Sarah's cousin) and Leona Skimming.
Their fourth single (and their first to include new members Emma and Leona), "Cinderella" was released in June 2003, and entered the UK charts at No.31, their highest charting hit of their career. In between releases the band would perform at roadshows up and down the UK, toured with boy band Triple 8, and performed at the Scotland v. Lithuania football match at Hampden Park in October 2003.
Their fifth single "Unconditional Love", released September 2003, was on course to give them their biggest hit, appearing at No.20 in the midweeks, but was removed from the chart due to suspicions of chart-rigging by bulksale-buying. It was confirmed by the Official Charts Company that hundreds of copies of the single were being bought in bulk in and around Glasgow.
The band released their debut album, Unconditional Love in October 2003. The album sold poorly and failed to chart. They supported Atomic Kitten on their UK tour in 2004, and in the same year performed at the D-Code 2004 event, aimed at warning teenagers of the dangers of drink, drugs and smoking. Other charity work included involvement in the "Go Yellow" walk in Glasgow, for which they performed a fundraising concert. Their final single was a cover version of Free's "All Right Now", with a promotional video filmed in Egypt. It sparked interest from television networks, with appearances on BBC's Top of the Pops Saturday, Top of the Pops 2, and The Saturday Show, ITV's The Chart Show, and others, but only peaked at number 37 in the UK Singles Chart.
Skimming left in 2004, citing 'musical differences', leaving the group back as a four-piece. The group continued to perform at roadshows, showcasing two new songs ("Model Life" and "Make My Fantasy Come True") but were never released, and the planned 2nd album was scrapped. Strachan left shortly after, leaving the group down to a trio.
Lemonescent split up in early 2005, with Sarah Cassidy explaining "it couldn't really go any further, so we decided to call it a day".
Band membersSarah Cassidy – From Glasgow, she was a former tanning salon attendant, and represented Scotland at disco dancing. Pursued a career in theatre after the group split up, auditioning for the part of Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz in 2008. She was a contestant on the 2nd season of the UK version of The Voice. Sarah made it to the Live Shows but was knocked out in the quarter finals.Lisa Harrison – From Balloch, she previously worked as a bank clerk for Bank of Scotland. She reached the final sixty contestants on the television talent show Popstars. Left the band in March 2003 due to 'artistic differences', going on to pursue a solo career.Dingwall, John (2003) "WANTED ; Another slice of lemon to join top Scots girl band", Daily Record, 15 April 2003, p. 18-19 Nikki MacLachlan – From Ardrossan, she was previously a waitress. She also reached the final sixty contestants on the television talent show Popstars, and worked in her local fish and chip shop for seven years before joining the group, despite having an allergy to fish.Ventura, Steve (2002) "192: TOP OF THE SHOPS ; We take Scots girl band Lemonescent out on a day's spending spree", Daily Record, 20 September 2002, p. 62Shonagh Strachan – From Prestwick, she is the daughter of Scottish rugby union international Gordon Strachan. Joined the group after leaving school.Emma Cassidy – From Fife, joined the group in 2003. She is the cousin of Sarah Cassidy, and was previously a sales assistant in a clothes shop.Leona Skimming''' – Born in Cumbernauld, and raised in Edinburgh, a former Miss Scotland finalist in 2000.Ellis, Maureen (2004) "A POSTCARD FROM... LEONA SKIMMING", Glasgow Evening Times, 23 October 2004, p. 16 Performed in the stage musical Mamma Mia! before joining the group in 2003, and returned to the show in 2004 after leaving the group due to 'musical differences'. Performed the lead role in the stage musical Dick Whittington and His Wonderful Cat in 2008. She was also half of the duo Scarlet Pearl, along with her cousin Nicky Moore, and has acted and performed under the name Leona Marie. Appeared as an extra in episodes of River City and briefly appeared in the Still Game episode "A Fresh Lick". She also appeared on an episode of Come Dine with Me, in 2016, and came 2nd place. Currently a judge on BBC talent judge show All Together Now.
Discography
Albums
Unconditional Love'' (2003)
Singles
"Beautiful" (2002) – UK No. 70, Scottish Chart No.18
"Swing My Hips (Sex Dance)" (2002) – UK No. 48, Scottish Chart No.12
"Help Me Mama" (2003) – UK No. 36, Scottish Chart No.5
"Cinderella" (2003) – UK No. 31, Scottish Chart No.3
"Unconditional Love" (2003) (disqualified from charts)
"All Right Now" (2004) – UK No. 37, Scottish Chart No.7
References
External links
Sarah Cassidy MySpace
Lisa Rose Harrison MySpace
Leona Skimming
YouTube.com
Scottish pop music groups
Scottish girl groups
British pop girl groups
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
2001 establishments in Scotland
2005 disestablishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemonescent |
Scott Johnson may refer to:
Music
Scott Johnson (composer) (1952−2023), American composer
Scott Johnson, guitarist for Gin Blossoms
Scott Johnson, drum technician killed in the 2012 Radiohead stage collapse
Sports
Scott Johnson (rugby union) (born 1962), Australian rugby union coach
Scott Johnson (American football), college football coach at Southern Oregon University 1972–1979
Scott Johnson (gymnast), American artistic gymnast
Other uses
Scott Johnson (actor), Australian actor
Scott Johnson (architect) (born 1951), American architect
Scott Johnson (cartoonist) (born 1969), cartoonist, illustrator, and creator of the Extralife comics, radio show and blog
Scott C. Johnson, American journalist and author
Scott Johnson (murder victim) (19611988), American PhD student in mathematics and victim of a 1988 suspected homophobic murder in Australia
Scott Johnson (Wisconsin politician) (born 1954), Wisconsin politician
Scott W. Johnson (born 1951), American lawyer and founder of the Power Line political blog
L. Scott Johnson, guest of honor at Ropecon 2009
M. Scott Johnson, sculptor of contemporary African American art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Johnson |
Hope & Faith is an American sitcom that originally aired on ABC. It originally premiered on September 26, 2003 and ended on May 2, 2006, with a total of 73 episodes over the course of 3 seasons.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2003–04)
Season 2 (2004–05)
Season 3 (2005–06)
References
Lists of American sitcom episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Hope%20%26%20Faith%20episodes |
Alexandra Davies (born 8 March 1977) is an English-born Australian actress.
Biography
She attended Castle Hill High school from 1989 to 1994
Davies graduated from the University of Western Sydney with a Bachelor of Arts in Performance
In her breakthrough role, Davies played Donna Parry in the Australian police drama Young Lions in 2002. She was a Most Popular New Female Talent nominee at the 2003 Logie Awards.
Davies also starred in the sitcom Flat Chat and has made guest appearances on Water Rats, McLeod's Daughters and The Secret Life of Us.
In 2005 she also had a very brief role in the film Stealth.
Since 2004 Davies has portrayed character Cate McMasters in the medical drama All Saints. She previously appeared in two early episodes of the show as a woman with whom previous character Ben Markham had a fling.
Personal life
Davies married to Justin "Jay" Hanrahan, a cameraman she met while on All Saints, in January 2008. The couple give a birth to a son. In 2016 they separated and filed divorce on 20 March 2017 by the Los Angeles County Superior Court.
External links
Official Website: https://web.archive.org/web/20080402082247/http://www.alexdavies.com.au/
1977 births
Australian television actresses
Living people
Western Sydney University alumni
English emigrants to Australia
Actresses from Newcastle upon Tyne
Australian expatriates in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra%20Davies |
KELO (1320 kHz, "Newstalk 1320 KELO") is an AM radio station licensed to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, airing a news/talk format. It is owned by Midwest Communications, Inc.
History
Originally issued a construction permit under the call sign KGSS in 1936, KELO signed on September 5, 1937, on 1200 kHz, under the ownership of the Sioux Falls Broadcasting Association, also the owner of KSOO. Both stations were affiliates of the NBC radio networks. It moved to 1230 kHz in 1941 as a result of the NARBA agreement. KELO was sold to the Midcontinent Broadcasting Company on September 19, 1946. It moved to its current frequency May 2, 1948, and concurrently increased its power from 250 watts to 5 kW. The broadcaster, which later became Midcontinent Media, sold off its radio properties, including KELO, to Backyard Broadcasting in 2004. The Backyard Broadcasting group would be sold to its current owner, Midwest Communications, in 2012.
KELO was a Top 40 station from approximately the 1960s through the 1980s, and then became an oldies/classic hits hybrid by the 1990s. The station flipped to its current talk format in July 2000.
KELO-TV was co-owned with KELO radio from 1953 until 1995, when Midcontinent sold the TV station to Young Broadcasting. (Nexstar Media Group is the current owner of KELO-TV today.)
References
External links
FCC History Cards for KELO
ELO
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1937
1937 establishments in South Dakota
Midwest Communications radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KELO%20%28AM%29 |
Charis F. Johnson was the founder and administrator of the investment autosurf 12DailyPro. Johnson founded LifeClicks, LLC, the company which owns 12DailyPro, in her apartment home in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States.
Ponzi scheme
12DailyPro was a version of what is commonly known as a “paid autosurf” program where “investors” deposited money, ranging from US$6.00 to US$6000.00 per account, and received an extremely high profit (144%) within a short period (12 days). Under the umbrella of her company, LifeClicks, and through the use of her experience in marketing and web development, Johnson created one of the largest modern day versions of the Ponzi scheme. Through the use of her website, she manipulated thousands of people to join and deposit money.
In the later stages of the fraudulent scheme, she managed to retain investors' trust by repeatedly bouncing blame and failures on other companies, groups, and individuals, including Brigham Young University students and professors, StormPay, ABC4 News of Salt Lake City, Utah and even the government of the United States. “Ms. Johnson was extremely successful in attracting investors and raised approximately $50 million in less than nine months.”
It was later discovered that Johnson had been siphoning money from the funds she generated using 12DailyPro (an excess of US$1.9 million) into her personal bank account since mid-2005. When the company was shut down many of these people lost large sums of money, although the earliest “investors” remained in profit.
SEC involvement
On 24 February 2006, the SEC entered into a stipulation with 12DailyPro and its parent company LifeClicks LLC for a permanent injunction. On 28 February, a Los Angeles judge ordered all company assets and records to be turned over to Thomas F. Lennon, an appointed receiver, for investigation, who published his first interim report on 1 September 2006 (see below). Charis F. Johnson now faces criminal and civil suits from both state and federal agencies. She no longer resides in the Charlotte, NC area. Her current whereabouts are unknown.
References
External links
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Litigation Release No. 19579, 27 February 2006
Living people
1973 births
Pyramid and Ponzi schemes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charis%20Johnson |
Rajdhani may refer to:
Rajdhani (film), 1956 Indian film
Rajadhani (1994 film), Indian Malayalam-language film
Rajadhani (2011 film), Indian Kannada-language film
Rajdhani, Kotli, a village in Pakistan
Rajdhani, Gorakhpur, a village in India
Rajdhani Express, premium passenger train service in India
Rajadhani Express, a railway service provider in Sri Lanka
See also
Rajadhani (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajdhani |
Narrows Pond is actually two small twin lakes in Winthrop, Maine. They are Upper and Lower Narrows Pond, and are divided by a very narrow isthmus, hence the name. The isthmus is traversed by Narrows Pond Road, and a culvert connects the two lakes. People in canoes or kayaks can travel between the two lakes, though only by ducking first.
Upper Narrows Pond covers with a mean depth of and a maximum depth of . The volume of Upper Narrows is .
Both lakes' shores are lined with cottages, most of them summer residences. Seaplanes are allowed to land and take off from the Upper Pond. A Methodist summer camp is located on the Lower Pond.
External links
Lakes of Kennebec County, Maine
Lakes of Maine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrows%20Pond |
Sea Mills is a suburb of the English port city of Bristol. It is situated north-west of the city centre, towards the seaward end of the Avon Gorge, lying between the former villages of Shirehampton to the west and Westbury-on-Trym and Stoke Bishop to the east, at the mouth of the River Trym where it joins the River Avon. Sea Mills previously was part of the city ward of Kingsweston. Following a Local Government Boundary Commission review in 2015 ward boundaries were redrawn and Sea Mills is now split between the Stoke Bishop ward and the Avonmouth and Lawrence Weston ward.
History
Pre 20th century
Sea Mills was the site of a Roman settlement, known as Portus Abonae. Its origin may have been as a military settlement but by the early second century, a civilian town had been established. It was important enough to feature in the 3rd-century Antonine Itinerary which documents towns and distances in the Roman empire, and was connected to Bath by a road. Archaeological excavations have found evidence of the street pattern, shops within the town and cemeteries outside it. The Roman settlement seems to have been abandoned by the 4th century, and there is no evidence of Saxon settlement.
By the Middle Ages Bristol had become a major port, with all traffic between the port and the sea having to pass through the Avon Gorge and past Sea Mills. In 1712, Joshua Franklyn, a Bristol merchant, built a wet dock at Sea Mills, to eliminate the need for large sailing ships to navigate the dangerous River Avon any further upstream. This was located where the River Trym enters the River Avon. However, poor transport links doomed the enterprise and the harbour facilities fell into disrepair by the end of the 18th century. Some remains of the dock still exist and are used as a harbour by pleasure craft.
Other industries included agriculture (Sea Mills Farmhouse still exists) and water mills at Clack Mill (a corn mill just below Dingle Road Bridge) and Coombe Mill (for flour production) just beyond the Blaise Estate car park in The Dingle. Both mills were old and appear on the 1746-1803 mapping on the Know Your Place web site.
Sea Mills Garden Suburb
After WW1 Sea Mills was one of several areas in Bristol to be developed as municipal housing by the Bristol Corporation under the 1919 housing legislation known as the Addison Act. The Act was designed to address the shortage of quality housing for working people and provide homes for the thousands of troops returning from WW1. Houses built under the Addison Act are often referred to as "homes for heroes".
On 4 July 1919 Dr Christopher Addison visited the building sites at Hillfields and Sea Mills. At Sea Mills he gave a short speech and the Lady Mayoress, Emily Twiggs planted an Oak sapling. The tree, known as Addison's Oak still stands today and in 2019 was a runner up in the Woodland Trust tree of the year competition.
The land on which Sea Mills is built was purchased by Bristol Corporation from Philip Napier Miles of Kingsweston House and developed on garden city principles, including building at no more than 12 houses per acre. Building began in 1919 and by October 1920 sixteen houses were already occupied. The early houses were built to the standards specified by the Tudor Walters report, including a parlour downstairs, and three bedrooms upstairs.
The suburb includes two small shopping areas, one at Westbury Lane and another on Shirehampton Road featuring a symmetrical arrangement of shops around a green bisected by roads. This is known as Sea Mills Square and is now home to the Cafe on the Square and the Sea Mills mini-museum. The Square was also once the site of one of the 13 Trench style police boxes which were erected in Bristol in 1932 to serve the suburbs in lieu of new police stations.
During WW2 a large air raid shelter was provided on Sea Mills Square. For this and other information about the residents see the wartime stories on the Sea Mills 100 web site.
After WW2 a small estate of prefabricated bungalows were built adjacent to the Portway and also in nearby Coombe Dingle. These have since been demolished.
Centenary celebrations
In 2019 the Sea Mills 100 project, funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund and Bristol City Council celebrated the centenary of the 'homes for heroes' municipal housing. Events included a 100 birthday celebration for Addison's Oak and a weekend long heritage trail around the estate. Its lasting legacy is a mini-museum situated in a K6 phone box which was renovated by local volunteers as part of the project. The project also published a book called 'How Lucky I Was' written by people who grew up in the area between the 1930s - 1950s, including novelist Derek Robinson.
Sport and recreation
Sea Mills has a football team Sea Mills Park FC, formed in 1925. The 1st team play in the Bristol Premier Combination. They historically played their games at the Rec, opposite Sea Mills Square, but play all home games at Kingsweston Sports & Social, Napier Miles. They were Bristol & District Senior League Champions 2012/13.
October 2006 saw the opening of The Portway Rugby Development Centre. The facilities there are two outdoor 3G Crumb pitches, suitable for rugby and football, outdoor grass rugby pitches, and grass training grids. There are two meeting rooms. Local football clubs use this facility including Wanderers FC. Bristol's rugby clubs use the facilities also, from St Brendans RFC to Clifton RFC.
Transport
In 1865, the Bristol Port and Pier Railway opened from Hotwells to a deep water pier on the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth. Sea Mills railway station was one of the original stations on the line. The station still exists, although the line is now part of the National Rail network, and the line has been extended to run from Bristol Temple Meads to Severn Beach. In 2021 a mural created by Graft which features the flora and fauna of the area and was created at the station in consultation with local people.
The A4 Portway trunk road passes along the south-west edge of Sea Mills and links central Bristol with its port at Avonmouth. Running parallel to the River Avon, the Portway was the most expensive road in Britain when it was opened in 1926. Both the Portway and the railway line have bridges over the harbour outfall into the Avon.
Ocean-going ships used to sail past Sea Mills, going to and from Bristol Docks. Nowadays most of the shipping is in the form of pleasure craft, Bristol's main docks now being at Avonmouth and Portbury.
There are frequent bus services to the city centre, Westbury and Cribbs Causeway.
Notable people
Robin Cousins, former Olympic champion figure skater
Roger Hallett, artist
The Cougars, band
Derek Robinson, novelist
Simon King, broadcaster
References
External links
Sea Mills history
Sea Mills 100 heritage project
Higgins, David "The History of the Bristol Region in the Roman Period" (PDF) Bristol Branch of the Historical Association. Retrieved 30 Dec 2021
Areas of Bristol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Mills%2C%20Bristol |
Fedoskino miniature () is a traditional Russian lacquer miniature painting on papier-mache, named after its original center Fedoskino (Федоскино), an old village near Moscow widely known from the late 18th century. The contemporary Fedoskino painting preserves the typical features of Russian folk art.
The use of oil paint, typically applied in many layers, is a distinctive feature of a Fedoskino miniature, as well as the use of mother-of-pearl, pure gold or silver leaf under segments of the background to create the effect of a shimmering glow or silvery sparkle. Many boxes are painted inside and outside in imitation tortoiseshell, birch bark, mahogany or tartan.
The heyday of Fedoskino miniature fell in the second half of the 19th century, and the works of that time are known as 'lukutins', named after the merchants Lukutins, who owned the Fedoskino factory at that time. Petr Lutukin inherited the factory in 1824 and it remained in the families ownership until 1904. After a brief interlude in the hands of former Lutukin workers ('The Fedoskino Artel of Former Lutukin Factory Workers') the factory effectively ceased trading until after the revolution, when in 1923, Fedoskino wares were awarded a diploma for 'superb artistic skill' at the All Union Exhibition of Agricultural, Industrial and Cultural Products; which was held in Moscow in that year. Some of the factory craftsmen had artistic education, and many of them had come from icon-painting studios.
In 1931 the opening of a vocational school of miniature painting at Fedoskino ensured the perpetuation of the art form, which allowed the continued development through the following years. Stylistically the Fedoskino factory is distinct from the other schools of miniature lacquer painting: notably those of Palekh, Mstera and Kholui.
The popular motifs used in Fedoskino miniature are all sorts of tea-drinking with samovar, troikas (carriage-and-three), and scenes from Russian peasant life.
References
External links
Fedoskino Miniature
Russian handicrafts
Russian art
Miniature painting
Russian inventions
Mytishchinsky District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedoskino%20miniature |
Benjamin Jason Horton (September 18, 1873 – 1963) was an American politician and one-time acting governor of Puerto Rico.
Career
Horton was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention from Puerto Rico from 1912 through 1932 and then as a member of the Democratic National Committee from 1932 to 1940.
He was the attorney general of Puerto Rico from 1933 to 1935. During that time, he also served as governor of Puerto Rico from January 1934 to February 5, 1934.
Personal life
Horton was born in Lawrence, Kansas, in 1873. He died at a nursing home in Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1963.
References
External links
WorldStatesmen.org: Puerto Rico
Political Graveyard: Horton
1873 births
1963 deaths
Politicians from Lawrence, Kansas
Governors of Puerto Rico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Jason%20Horton |
See also
Florida
List of municipalities in Florida
List of former municipalities in Florida
List of counties in Florida
List of census-designated places in Florida
References
USGS Fips55 database | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20places%20in%20Florida%3A%20M |
Kabel is a geometric sans-serif typeface that was designed by the German designer Rudolf Koch and released by the Klingspor foundry from 1927 onwards.
Kabel belongs to the "geometric" style of sans-serifs, which was becoming popular in Germany during its creation. Based loosely on the structure of the circle and straight lines, it nonetheless applies a number of unusual design decisions, such as a delicately-low x-height (although larger in the bold weight), a tilted 'e' and irregularly-angled terminals, to add delicacy and an irregularity that suggests stylish calligraphy of which Koch was an expert. A variety of rereleases and digitisations have been created.
Design
Kabel shows influence from Expressionism as much as from Modernism, and may be considered as a monoline sans-serif companion of Koch's Koch-Antiqua, sharing many of its character shapes and proportions. This is visible in its low x-height and its two-storey 'g' with a large, partly open lower loop, similar to William Morris's Troy Type, and its 'e' with a tilted centre-stroke, similar to early Renaissance typefaces and also seen in Morris's type designs. The termini of vertical and horizontal strokes are cut an angle, often at right angles to stroke direction, suggesting writing with a pen. This gives Kabel the effect of not quite sitting on the baseline and makes for a more animated, less static feeling than Futura. The capitals vary considerably in width and show influence of Roman square capitals, for instance in the wide 'M' and narrow 'E'. The capital 'W' has a four-terminal form. In the book/regular version, the uppercase 'U' has a stem to the right, which is especially noticeable in the light weight. The capital 'Y' forms a continuous stroke with its tail.
Koch marketed Kabel with a specimen showing the capitals supposedly derived from a construction grid of perfect rectangles and circles, but Walter Tracy and others have noted that this graphic does not really resemble the letters of the printed type, which were clearly drawn freely rather than by uncorrected geometry: "Koch probably drew [his] letters without constraint, and then 'rationalised' them afterwards…Koch was evidently not a man to be bound by arbitrary rules. In Kabel Light the arms of E are actually three different lengths, the bowl of R is deeper than that of B, and in P it is deeper still…and Y does not have the vertical stem shown in the diagram. In short, Koch's sense of style is in command, rather than any geometric formula. The result is an alphabet of capitals that relate perfectly without need [of] 'mathematical harmony'…they are, for my taste, the most attractive of all sans-serif capitals."
Of the name, Adobe's release notes for their version of Kabel comment: "Kabel was not named after any specific cable, although the Zugspitze cable car been completed in 1926, and a Berlin-Vienna facsimile telegraphy line opened in 1927. The name had techie cachet in its day (Piet Zwart's NKF kabel catalogue of 1927 is well-known) and is primarily metaphorical and allusive, a pun referring to both the monolinear construction of the face, and the role of type as a means of communication."
Release
The original release of Kabel was in four weights: Light (released first), Medium/Book, Heavy, and Black. The latter has a redesigned structure to fit the thicker strokes, with an enlarged x-height and more regularity, without the angled terminals of the lighter weights. Also released was an inline design, “Prisma”, a headline weight “Zeppelin”, and condensed weights.
Some metal type releases offered stylistic alternates, alternate characters with a different design. Many reduced the eccentricities of Kabel and in particular made it more resemble Futura, which was very dominant in printing of the period. (This offering of Futura-like alternates such as a single-storey ‘a’, which historian Paul Shaw has called a "Futura-ectomy", was common among other sans-serifs of the time, including Monotype's Gill Sans, Linotype's Metro and Erbar.)
Originally released by the Gebr. Klingspor Foundry, the design continued to be made available by the Stempel Foundry (which bought Klingspor in 1956, having already owned some shares) and briefly for phototypesetting systems. Linotype continues to sell Kabel in digital format. Owing to Kabel's popularity, many adaptations and simple knock-offs were sold by other companies, such as Phil Martin's Alphabet Innovations. This particularly occurred in the phototypesetting and digital type periods, taking advantage of the lack of international copyright protection for typefaces.
ITC Kabel
Victor Caruso's 1975 adaptation for phototypesetting was created for the International Typeface Corporation, licensing the design rights from Stempel. It follows the standard ITC approach of a dramatically increased x-height accompanied by a unified set of weights from Book to Ultra, for instance retaining the angled-terminal motif into the bold weights.
ITC also sold ITC Grizzly, an adaptation of the bold weight.
Neue Kabel
A 2016 release by Marc Schütz with an x-height between the original and the ITC digitisation in 9 weights with italic styles to complement them. Another distinction that Neue Kabel has are stylistic alternates such as lower-case letters "a", "g", "e" and "l", circular and 45° square tittles.
Other
Bhikkhu Pesala created the open-source revival Kabala, named after a Pāli word meaning 'a morsel of food' due to its intended use in Buddhist religious publications. This release is inspired by the ITC weight set and structure, but adds a number of features including italics, small caps and combined characters.
Ray Larabie's Canada 1500 was based loosely on the original Kabel, with its low x-heights. Commissioned with a full set of characters to support the languages of Canada, he donated the original version, "Canada 150," to the government of Canada upon its 2015 completion for use in Canadian sesquicentennial celebrations, then released it into the public domain shortly before Canada Day 2017 (the day of the sesquicentennial) as what he described as a "birthday gift" to his native country.
Finnish typeface designer, Tomi Haaparanta designed the Kaapeli typeface which inspired from the Kabel typeface.
Prominent usage
Kabel is used in the popular board game Monopoly.
ITC Kabel Demi is used in the game Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric.
The typeface was used in the opening credits for Yellow Submarine and Weird Science.
The 1981-1987 opening sequence for the NBC Daytime soap opera Another World used Kabel black for its title cards. Kabel Black in lower-case is used as the typeface in the logo for supermarket chain Piggly Wiggly.
Kabel was famously used as a typeface for music video credit tags on MTV from 1981 to 2006.
Kabel is famously used as the typeface in the Chuck E. Cheese logo since 1989
The Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League used Kabel for its wordmark from 1970-71 through 2015-16, for the nameplates on their sweaters from 1997-98 through 2009-10, and for the numbers from 1997-98 through 1999-2000.
Google's corporate typeface, Product Sans, has some similarities to Kabel, in particular the angled 'e', but other features such as the 'M' and 'g' are very different, resembling Helvetica or Futura.
Notes
References
Blackwell, Lewis. 20th Century Type. Yale University Press: 2004. .
Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. .
Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopædia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983. .
Macmillan, Neil. An A–Z of Type Designers.'' Yale University Press: 2006. .
External links
Elsner + Flake web page on Kabel
Typowiki: Kabel
Kabel MT font information (Monotype)
Geometric sans-serif typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1927
Typefaces designed by Rudolf Koch | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel%20%28typeface%29 |
KELO-FM (101.9 MHz) is a radio station in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, airing an adult contemporary music format. At 92.5 FM, KELO-FM was one of the first FM radio stations in South Dakota. It broadcasts from KELO-TV's 2000 foot tower. The station is owned by Duey E. Wright, through licensee Midwest Communications, Inc.
Its studios are located on South Phillips Avenue in Sioux Falls, while its transmitter is located near Colton.
History
Backyard Broadcasting
After a 52-year history in Sioux Falls radio, Midcontinent sold all of its stations, including KRRO, to Backyard Broadcasting of Baltimore in 2004. It marked the company's exit from broadcasting, after selling KELO-TV in 1996.
Midwest Communications
Backyard sold its seven Sioux Falls stations in 2012 to their present owner, Midwest Communications, in a $13.35 million transaction.
On October 28, 2013, KELO-FM and its adult contemporary format moved to 101.9 FM, swapping frequencies with country-formatted KTWB.
References
External links
ELO-FM
Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1992
Midwest Communications radio stations
1992 establishments in South Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KELO-FM |
Adrian Goldberg (born in Harborne, Birmingham) is an English journalist, radio and television presenter. He currently hosts the Byline Times Podcast and The Liquidator Podcast, a West Bromwich Albion fan podcast.
Family background
Adrian is the son of Rudolph Goldberg, a German immigrant who fled from the Nazi regime as a 13-year-old child with his 11-year-old brother Werner, thanks to one of the last Kindertransport arranged by Sir Nicholas Winton. Rudolph Goldberg's parents and other relatives were killed at Auschwitz concentration camp during the Holocaust, to whom he later erected a memorial in the Jewish section at Witton Cemetery. After serving in the British Army in the latter part of World War II, in 1950 Rudolph Goldberg married Kitty and had four children: John, Marion, Judith and Adrian. The family latterly settled in Northfield, Birmingham, where Rudolph died in 2012 aged 87.
Career
Goldberg was a presenter of the Breakfast Show on BBC WM. He also presented The Politics Show on BBC TV for the Midlands region, and was a reporter on the BBC TV consumer programme Watchdog. Goldberg continues to write a regular column for the Birmingham Mail.
In 2006, Goldberg resigned from BBC WM, in order to launch The Stirrer, a news and campaigning website for Birmingham and the Black Country, declaring himself to be "on a mission". He also formed production company Kick in the Grass, which produced a documentary about disquiet in the world of football – Manchester DisUnited. In July 2007, Goldberg was listed at number 41 in the Birmingham Post'''s annual Power 50 of the people they consider the most powerful and influential in the West Midlands.
In August 2008, Goldberg joined talkSPORT and presented the overnight 1am6am slot from Monday to Thursday. After closing down The Stirrer,Goldberg confirms he has stopped editing The Stirrer, The Stirrer 7 September 2010 he left talkSPORT in September 2010 to present 5 Live Investigates, a current affairs programme for Radio 5 Live. The programme ran until May 2019, with the final episode covering fire risks in tower blocks.
He returned to BBC WM to present a Saturday morning phone-in programme, before taking over Ed Doolan's BBC WM Monday to Thursday lunch-time shows from September 2011. From February 2012, Goldberg's show moved to the 9ammidday slot.
He left BBC WM again in September 2014, ostensibly to concentrate on making and contributing to network radio and television programming, having suggested he enjoyed his Radio 5 Live Investigates programmes and making a BBC Radio 4 documentary. He also occasionally reported on BBC News.
In December 2014, it was announced he was returning to BBC WM to present the breakfast show again, from the end of February 2015. He left BBC WM for the final time to date in February 2017, citing other broadcasting commitments.
As of 2022, Goldberg hosts a show on alternative radio station 'Brum Radio' titled Adventures in Music'', and a weekly podcast for the Byline Times.
Personal life
Goldberg has a degree in English from Birmingham University. He has three daughters, and is a supporter of West Bromwich Albion Football Club.
References
Living people
English Jews
English people of German-Jewish descent
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
English radio presenters
BBC Radio 5 Live presenters
1961 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%20Goldberg |
The Studebaker Special Six was an American automobile built by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana from 1918 to 1927.
While in production, the Special Six represented Studebaker's mid-range model. The car was available in a full array of body styles throughout its production.
Studebaker Special Six Commander
In 1927 the car was renamed the Studebaker Special Six Commander in preparation for the 1928 model year when the car would be henceforth known as the Studebaker Commander.
Standard Special Six Brougham specifications (1926 data)
Color - Studebaker blue with black upper structure
Seating Capacity – Five
Wheelbase -
Wheels - Wood
Tires - 32” x 6.20” balloon
Service Brakes - contracting on rear
Emergency Brakes - contract on drum on rear of transmission
Engine - Six-cylinder, vertical, cast en bloc, 3-1/2 x 5 inches; head removable; valves in side; H.P. 29.4 N.A.C.C. rating
Lubrication - Force-feed
Crankshaft - Four bearing
Radiator – Tubular
Cooling – Water Pump
Ignition – Storage Battery
Starting System – Two Unit
Voltage – Six to eight
Wiring System – Single
Gasoline System – Vacuum
Clutch – Dry plate, single disc
Transmission – Selective sliding
Gear Changes – 3 forward, 1 reverse
Drive – Spiral bevel
Rear Springs – Semi-elliptic
Rear Axle – Semi-floating
Steering Gear – Worm-and-wheel
Standard equipment
New car price included the following items:
tools
jack
speedometer
ammeter
electric horn
thief-proof lock
automatic windshield cleaner
demountable rims
stop light
inspection lamp and cord
spare tire carrier
rear-view mirror
sun visor
cowl ventilator
opalescent rear-quarter reading lamps
motometer
headlight dimmer
clock
Optional equipment
The following was available in new models at an extra cost:
Hydraulic four-wheel brakes with disc wheels
Spare wheel
Source:
References
External links
Special Six
Cars introduced in 1918
1920s cars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studebaker%20Special%20Six |
Pseudolaelia is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae), the entire genus endemic to Brazil. The abbreviation used in the horticultural trade is Pdla.
Description
The flowers of these orchids resemble those of Laelia, but the main difference between these two genera lies in the vegetative part.
These orchids occur exclusively in Eastern Brazil, often as epiphytes. Some are lithophytes, forming a thicket on the rocks. Others, as Pseudolaelia vellozicola, are semi-epiphytes and can be found on mat-like communities of Vellozia bushes on inselbergs (dome-shaped granitic or gneissic rock outcrops) in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, requiring an adaptation to the extreme environmental conditions (dryness, isolation)
The rhizomes are extended. The pseudobulbs are fusiform, cylindrical to conical, carrying three to eight leaves. These are apical, deciduous, upright, leathery and pointy. The base of the leaves clasps the pseudobulb from the upper third till the apex.
The inflorescence is a long raceme, growing from the apex of the pseudobulb, with an undefined number of small white to pink flowers, opening in a consecutive manner clustered at the apex.
Pollination is performed by hummingbirds, butterflies, dipterids and hymenopterids. The flowers of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis, being self-compatible, are also pollinated by deceit by the bee Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus by mimicking a generalized bee-attracting food-flower. However, these visits are rather rare
Species of Pseudolaelia
Species accepted as of June 2014:
Natural hybrids
Pseudolaelia × perimii M.Frey - Espírito Santo (P. brejetubensis × P. freyi)
References
Books
(in French)
External links
Laeliinae genera
Epiphytic orchids
Endemic orchids of Brazil
Laeliinae | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudolaelia |
P46 or P-46 may refer to:
Vessels
, a corvette of the Argentine Navy
, a submarine of the Royal Navy
, a corvette of the Indian Navy
Other uses
Curtiss XP-46, an American prototype fighter aircraft
Heckler & Koch UCP, a prototype pistol
P46 road (Ukraine)
Papyrus 46, a biblical manuscripts in Greek
Phosphorus-46, an isotope of phosphorus
P46, a Latvian state regional road | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P46 |
Jon Foster is an American freelance illustrator, penciler, and sculptor.
Biography
Foster is best known for his comic book covers (DC Comics, Dark Horse Comics) and other works featured in role-playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons and Alternity.
Jon Foster studied illustration at the Rhode Island School of Design and graduated in 1989. His paintings are oils on canvas and are known to have a dark or muted color palette. Typically, they incorporate subject matter like good vs. evil, anger, and adventure. Before a project is complete, Foster scans his paintings into a computer to add digital effects.
Earlier in his career, Jon collaborated with artists such as Rick Berry and Dave Dorman (well known Star Wars artist).
Foster has illustrated cards for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.
Some of his achievements include multiple awards from the prestigious Spectrum sci-fi and fantasy art publications.
Jon lives in Providence, Rhode Island.
Works
Books
Progressions (February 2003)
Revolution: The Art of Jon Foster (November 2006)
Book covers
Star Wars: The New Jedi Order: Force Heretic Trilogy by Sean Williams and Shane Dix (Del Rey Books, 2003)
The Uninvited (May 2004)
Snake Agent by Liz Williams (Night Shade Books, September 2005)
The Dragonback series by Timothy Zahn (Starscape Books, 2005)
The Demon and the City by Liz Williams (Night Shade Books, August 2006)
Dark Harvest by Norman Partridge (Cemetery Dance, 2006)
Mistborn: The Final Empire, Mistborn: The Well of Ascension, and Mistborn: Hero of Ages by Brandon Sanderson
The Chronicles of Master Li and Number Ten Ox by Barry Hughart (Subterranean Press, 2008)
Fender Lizards by Joe R. Lansdale (Subterranean Press, 2015)
Comics
Aliens vs. Predator vs. Terminator
Batman: the Ring, the Arrow and the Bat
Hunter
The Nightmare Factory - Volume 2
Species
Star Wars
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Other references
Spectrum 6 (December 1999)
Spectrum 8 (November 2001)
Spectrum 9 (December 2002)
Spectrum 10 (October 2003)
Spectrum 11 (November 2004)
References
External links
20th-century American male artists
20th-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
21st-century American painters
American illustrators
American male painters
American speculative fiction artists
Fantasy artists
Game artists
Living people
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
Role-playing game artists
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Foster%20%28artist%29 |
Dave Cliff (born 25 June 1944) is a British jazz guitarist.
Career
Cliff was born in Hexham, Northumberland. In 1967, he moved to Leeds and gained a diploma in jazz studies from Leeds College of Music while studying with bassist Peter Ind and Bernie Cash. Ind became a mentor to him. At Leeds Cliff was influenced by listening to the music of Lennie Tristano. In 1971, after moving to London, Cliff became established on the local scene. During 1976–1977 he toured the UK with Lee Konitz and Warne Marsh, both students of Tristano and familiar to Ind. During the next year Cliff toured the UK with Soprano Summit (Kenny Davern and Bob Wilber). Beginning in the 1980s, he worked increasingly as a freelance musician.
He recorded his first solo album, The Right Time, in 1987 with Geoff Simkins on alto saxophone. With Simkins he also recorded West Coast Blues (1991) (cassette only), Sippin' at Bell's (1994) and The Music of Tadd Dameron (1996).
Cliff has appeared frequently at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in varied settings. He has worked with Harry Allen, Mike Carr, Buddy Childers, Richie Cole, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Phil DeGreg, Georgie Fame, Allan Ganley, Herb Geller, Scott Hamilton, Ken Peplowski, Bucky Pizzarelli, Irene Reid, Spike Robinson, Nina Simone, Lew Tabackin, and Warren Vaché.
In 1998 Cliff won the BT Jazz Awards in the guitar category.
Around 2015 Cliff retired from professional playing on the grounds of Parkinson's disease.
Influences
Cliff's influences on guitar include Charlie Christian, Wes Montgomery, and Lennie Tristano, whose influence he encountered when working and studying with Peter Ind.
Teaching
Cliff has taught at Royal Birmingham Conservatoire, Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in Cardiff, Trinity College of Music in London, Original UK Jazz Summer School, Jamey Aebersold Summer School in London, and Kristiansand in Norway.
Discography
As leader
1987 The Right Time with Geoff Simkins (Miles Music)
1991 West Coast Blues with Geoff Simkins
1995 Sipping at Bells with Geoff Simkins (Spotlite)
1997 The Dave Cliff Geoff Simkins 5 Play the Music of Tadd Dameron with Geoff Simkins (Spotlite)
1998 Tribute to Paul Desmond with Mark Ramsden (33 Records)
1998 When Lights Are Low (Zephyr)
2004 Tranzatlantic Interplay with Phil DeGreg (Strugglebaby)
As sideman
With Warne Marsh
1977 Live at the Montmartre Club: Jazz Exchange Vol. 2 with Lee Konitz (Storyville, 1977)
1994 the warren vache quintet: Jazz at the Amerika Haus Hamburg, Volume 2 Nagel-Heyer Records
1995 The Hamburg Concert 1995 Tribute to Coleman Hawkins 1995 A Man and His MusicWith others
1985 The Dirty Bopper, Bruce Turner
1989 Porcelain, Julia Fordham
1997 Christmas Love Song, Scott Hamilton
1998 Days of Wine and Roses, Tony Coe
2004 The Anglo/American/Scottish Connection, Jimmy Deuchar
2008 Conversation, Geoff Simkins
References
Sources
John Chilton, Who's Who of British Jazz'', London: Cassell, 1997.
External links
Dave Cliff's website
More information about Dave Cliff
1944 births
Living people
People from Hexham
Alumni of the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire
Alumni of Leeds College of Music
English jazz guitarists
English male guitarists
British male jazz musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Cliff |
The National Football League All-Decade Teams are honorary teams named by members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame selection committee. Members consist of players who have been part of the National Football League (NFL) since its inception in 1920. The committee selects members for each team based on their most active decade. The teams are then named according to the decade. The teams years start in the 1920s and have continued in 2010 with the 2000s.
NFL All-Decade Teams include:
National Football League 1920s All-Decade Team
National Football League 1930s All-Decade Team
National Football League 1940s All-Decade Team
National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team
National Football League 1960s All-Decade Team
National Football League 1970s All-Decade Team
National Football League 1980s All-Decade Team
National Football League 1990s All-Decade Team
National Football League 2000s All-Decade Team
National Football League 2010s All-Decade Team
See also
American Football League All-Time Team
Sports Illustrated NFL All-Decade Team (2009)
NFL 50th Anniversary All-Time Team
NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%20All-Decade%20Teams |
was a professional Go player.
Sato was a 9 dan who played in the Kansai Ki-in. He had many pupils, including Yuki Satoshi, Izumo Tetsuya, Maeda Ryo, and Furuya Yutaka. Sato became a 9 dan in 1963
Titles
1924 births
2004 deaths
Japanese Go players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunao%20Sato |
Robert II (died 1156) was the count of Aversa and the prince of Capua from 1127 until his death .
He was the only son and successor of Jordan II of Capua. According to the Lombard chronicler Falco of Benevento, he was "of delicate constitution, he could endure neither labour nor hardship."
Early reign and coronation
In the final month of 1127, Pope Honorius II came to Benevento to preach a crusade against Count Roger II of Sicily in order to prevent the union of his county with the duchy of Apulia (Duke William II being recently deceased). At the start of 1128, Honorius II granted investiture to Robert which made the principalities of Capua independent from Apulia. The pope endeavoured to gain Robert's loyalty to help defeat Roger II of Sicily in return for remissions of his sins. He was quickly recruited for the endeavour by the pope, who went to Capua for the ceremony. The pope probably hoped to use Capua as a counterpoise against Apulia, as in the days of Robert's grandfather and great grandfather. Likewise, Robert may have intended to be the chief papal protector, as his ancestors had been. However, he was weak-willed and he soon fell ill and wanted out. Eventually, the coalition commenced negotiations on Roger's arrival with an army. Honorius even successfully negotiated the independence of Capua. In 1129, however, Robert submissively surrendered suzerainty to the duke of Apulia and, the next year (on 25 December 1130) it was believed by Falco of Benevento that, as Roger's vassal-in-chief, laid the crown on his head at his royal coronation. This is difficult to believe as it was such a crucial role and Roger II would not have wanted Robert, as one of his vassals, to perform such an important task, even if he was one of the highest rank.
Rebellion against Roger II of Sicily
In 1132, Robert rebelled with many other south Italian vassals of the king of Sicily and with the support of Pope Innocent II and his coalition of King Louis VI of France, King Henry I of England, and Emperor Lothair II. Robert defeated Roger at the Battle of Nocera on 24 July, but Roger burnt Aversa and, by 1134, forced Count Ranulf of Alife and the nominally Byzantine Duke Sergius VII of Naples to submit. Robert was given an ultimatum; if he wanted to keep his title, he must submit to Roger. After the death of Roger's wife, Elvira, and the false news of Roger's death, Robert went to Naples from Pisa with 8000 men. He was met by Rainulf and Duke Sergius when Roger arrived in June 1135, he again offered Robert a choice to keep his title. Roger made his third son Alfonso prince in his stead (1135).
Robert fled to Pisa, where he gathered a navy and made war against Roger in Sicily, but it was a stalemate. The Pisan fleet ravaged Amalfi and took much loot. Laden with this plunder and accompanied by a papal legation, Robert went to Germany to plead for the aid of the emperor. In Spring 1137, the emperor came down with Pope Innocent II; Henry the Proud, duke of Bavaria; and a large force. They took Benevento, Bari, and Capua itself, installing Ranulf as duke of Apulia and Robert in Capua, vindicating these actions in battle. But when the emperor left Italy, Roger sacked Capua yet again. On 25 July 1139, Robert and the pope were defeated in battle on the Garigliano, at Galluccio, ambushed by Roger. The pope was captured, though Robert escaped. They thereafter acknowledged him as principatus Capuae.
Exile, return, and capture
He spent most of the next fifteen years in exile in Germany. When Alfonso died in 1144, Roger made his fourth son William prince. However, following Roger's death in 1154, there was a revolt on the mainland, led by Robert II of Basunvilla, cousin of the new king William I.
When William was excommunicated by Pope Adrian IV, and with (unjustified) rumours that the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa was set to invade southern Italy, Prince Robert was tempted to make a comeback. He swore homage to Adrian retook Capua (1155), taking advantage of William's serious illness. However, in the spring of 1156 William recovered and took a fleet to the mainland. He dealt, first, with the more serious threat from Robert of Basunvilla and the other Apulian and Campanian rebels, but then he turned to Capua. Robert was captured. He might have been executed as a traitor, but instead William sent him as a prisoner to Palermo, where he was possibly blinded.
Family
Robert left a son named Jordan who lived in Constantinople, where he served the Emperor Manuel I Comnenus as sebastos and diplomat. He journeyed to Rome in 1166–1167 to try and aid the reunion of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
Notes
References
Alexander of Telese, The Deeds of Roger.
Houben, Hubert (translated by Graham A. Loud and Diane Milburn). Roger II of Sicily: Ruler between East and West. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Matthew, Donald. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily (Cambridge Medieval Textbooks), 1992.
|-
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1156 deaths
Italo-Normans
Norman warriors
Robert 2
Robert 2
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20II%20of%20Capua |
Prince Lev Sergeyevich Golitsyn (; 24 August 1845 – 26 December 1915) was a Russian winemaker of the 1890s. He established the production of sparkling wines in Russia.
Biography
Lev Sergeyevich was born into the aristocratic House of Golitsyn. After graduating from the University of Paris in 1862, between 1864 and 1867 he served as a clerical officer at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1872 he received a second degree, in law, from the Moscow State University, and from 1872 to 1874 studied in Germany. Later in the 1870s he participated in an archaeological expedition in Vladimir Directorate that discovered several Stone Age sites. In recognition for this work, in 1877 Golitsyn was elected as a corresponding member of the .
In 1878 Golitsyn bought a manor house near Sudak in Crimea. There he started cultivating grapes, eventually growing up to 600 varieties. His vineyards gradually spread across Crimea into the Caucasus. In the 1880s he established the production of sparkling wines using the classical French technology of direct fermentation in bottles. He also set up the mass production of table, liqueur, and dessert wines, such as white and pink nutmeg and port wines. In Crimea, Golitsyn became an avid collector of 17th–20th century wines, eventually accumulating around 50,000 bottles.
Golitsyn's winemaking career peaked in the 1890s, when he was a leading Russian winemaker. By 1912 his fortune declined, and he donated a large part of his lands and vineyards to Nicholas II of Russia aiming to preserve them as part of the Imperial estates.
References
1845 births
1915 deaths
Russian winemakers
Archaeologists from the Russian Empire
Lev
Nobility from the Russian Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Golitsyn |
Dunseverick Castle is situated in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, near the small village of Dunseverick and the Giant's Causeway. Dunseverick Castle and earthworks are Scheduled Historic Monuments in the townland of Feigh, in Causeway coast and Glens district council, at grid ref: C9871 4467.
Dunseverick Castle and the peninsula on which it stands were given to the National Trust in 1962 by local farmer Jack McCurdy. The Causeway Cliff Path also runs past on its way to Dunseverick Harbour to the east and to the Giant's Causeway to the west.
History
Saint Patrick is recorded as having visited Dunseverick castle in the 5th century AD, where he baptized Olcán, a local man who later became a bishop of Ireland. The original stone fort that occupied the position was attacked by Viking raiders in 870 AD.
In the later part of the 6th century AD, this was the seat of Fergus Mor MacEirc (Fergus the Great). Fergus was King of Dalriada and great-uncle of the High King of Ireland, Muirceartaigh (Murtagh) MacEirc. It is the 500 AD departure point from Ireland of the Lia Fail or coronation stone. Murtagh loaned it to Fergus for the latter's coronation in western Scotland part of which Fergus had settled as his sea-kingdom expanded.
It became a manorial centre of the Earls of Ulster from around 1250 to 1350 AD and then a stronghold of the O’Cahans and later the McDonnells from 1560 AD.
The castle was captured and destroyed by General Robert Munro in 1642 and his Cromwellian troops in the 1650s, and today only the ruins of the gatelodge remain. A small residential tower survived until 1978 when it eventually surrendered to the sea below.
It was a 'key' ancient site in Ireland. One of the five great royal highways, or slighe of ancient Ireland, Slige Midluachra, had its terminal point at Dunseverick castle, running from here to Emain Macha and further to Tara and the fording point on the Liffey at what is now Dublin.
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
References
Dunseverick website
Ballycastle Free - Dunseverick
Dunseverick Castle
Scheduled monuments in Northern Ireland
Castles in County Antrim
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunseverick%20Castle |
"Pilot" is the pilot episode and series premiere of the American television series Prison Break, which premiered on August 29, 2005 in the United States. That night, it was aired as the first of a two-part pilot special, along with "Allen", which was broadcast straight after this episode. The episode was directed by series producer Brett Ratner, noted director of such works as Rush Hour and Red Dragon, and written by series creator and producer Paul Scheuring. The episode was given numerous positive reviews in not just the US, but from the majority of the rest of world, reaching record ratings in various countries.
The episode introduces the two main protagonists of the series: Michael Scofield (played by Wentworth Miller) and Lincoln Burrows (played by Dominic Purcell). Lincoln Burrows has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit: the murder of Terrence Steadman, the brother of the Vice President of the United States. Every motion to delay or appeal to Burrows' execution has been exhausted due to the high profile of the case. Burrows' brother Michael Scofield, a structural engineer, plans to get himself incarcerated so he can save his brother from his death sentence, by using his new body tattoo.
Plot
Michael Scofield receives a mysterious body tattoo, and then strips his apartment of articles of various people from Fox River, along with a hard disk which he throws into a river. The next day, he robs a bank, but surrenders without incident when the police arrive. Michael is sent to court, refusing to put up a fight, even after his lawyer, Veronica Donovan (Robin Tunney) attempts to defend him, so he is sentenced to 5 years at Fox River, the prison he requested to be sent to. Upon entering Fox River, Michael meets Capt. Brad Bellick (Wade Williams), whom he quickly discovers to be somewhat arrogant. He then meets his cell mate, Fernando Sucre (Amaury Nolasco), who tells him the only thing he can do is serve time. Sucre shows Michael around the outside, noting the territories throughout. He then shows Michael to the isolated Lincoln Burrows (or "Link the Sink" as they call him) who killed Terrence Steadman, the Vice President's brother.
Michael realizes the only way to get to his brother is to join PI (Prison Industries) of which John Abruzzi (Peter Stormare) is in charge. Michael approaches Abruzzi, but is rejected, where he calmly tells Abruzzi that he has something he needs - and leaves an origami crane, giving him a sign that he knows of Fibonacci, the informant who put Abruzzi in prison. Abruzzi allows him to join PI. In the infirmary, Michael introduces himself to Dr. Sara Tancredi (Sarah Wayne Callies), whom he tries to charm. She gives him his insulin shot, since Michael claims to have Type 1 diabetes. On Michael's second visit, Sara notices his abnormally low glucose level and tells him that he is reacting to the insulin as if he is not diabetic. She then says that on his next visit, she would like to run a test. To keep up his bluff, Michael approaches C-Note (Rockmond Dunbar), the prison "pharmacist" and pays him in advance for PUGNAc, an insulin blocker.
Elsewhere, Sucre proposes to his girlfriend, Maricruz Delgado (Camille Guaty), who visits him in conjugal, and accepts. Burrows' son, L.J. (Marshall Allman) starts dealing cannabis, but is arrested by the police. Veronica sees Michael, who tells her to find out who is setting Lincoln up. Bishop McMorrow (Chelcie Ross) attempts to delay Lincoln's death sentence, where he is visited by Secret Service agents Paul Kellerman (Paul Adelstein) and Daniel Hale (Danny McCarthy). After he ignores their warning, McMorrow is shot and killed, at which point, Veronica starts to suspect Burrows may be framed. Fox River's warden, Henry Pope (Stacy Keach) asks Michael if he can finish making a model of the Taj Mahal for his anniversary with his wife, where he eventually starts working. Later, Michael meets Lincoln, and tells him he is going to get him out. After PI, a skeptical Lincoln asks Michael if he's seen the blueprints to the prison. Michael says, "Better than that -- I've got them on me." He reveals his mysterious body tattoo, which is a series of geometric patterns that disguise the blueprints to Fox River, upon which Michael will base his escape plans throughout the series.
Production
The original concept of Prison Break—a man deliberately getting himself sent to prison in order to help someone else (his brother, in this case) escape—was suggested to Paul Scheuring by producer Dawn Parouse, who wanted to produce an action-oriented series. Although Scheuring thought it was a good idea, he was initially stumped as to why someone would embark on such a mission or how he could develop it into a viable television show. He came up with the story of the wrongfully accused brother, and began working on the plot outline and devising the characters. In 2003, he pitched the idea to the Fox Broadcasting Company but was turned down as Fox felt nervous about the long-term possibilities of such a series. He subsequently showed the concept to other channels but was also turned down as it was thought to be more suited for a film project than a television series. Prison Break was later considered as a possible 14-part miniseries, which drew the interest of Steven Spielberg before his departure due to his involvement with War of the Worlds. Thus, the miniseries never materialized. Following the huge popularity of serialized prime time television series such as Lost and 24, the Fox Network had a change of heart and backed the production in 2004.
The pilot episode was filmed a year after Scheuring wrote the script. The majority of the pilot was filmed on location in and around Chicago. After it was closed down in 2002, Joliet Prison became the set of Prison Break in 2005, standing in as Fox River State Penitentiary on screen. Scenes set in Lincoln's cell, the infirmary and the prison yard were all shot on location at the prison. Lincoln's cell was the same one in which serial killer John Wayne Gacy was incarcerated, which at least one member of the production crew refused to enter, believing that it was haunted.
Broadcast and reception
The Pilot, along with the following episode was released on Fox with an estimated audience of 10.5 million viewers, placing the series as the seventh most watched show in America that week, ranking first in both the 18–49 and 18–34 demographics. The critical and ratings success was also evident in various other areas around the world. In the UK, the Pilot episode aired 24 January 2006, and received viewing figures of 0.91 million, which was the 28th most viewed programme in the week on Five. Though not at first successful, the ratings increased as the season progressed.
In France, the episode aired on August 31, 2006 with around 5.5 million viewers (25.8% share). It was not as publicised in Germany since the airing on 21 June 2007, as it received an audience share of only 13.5%. In Poland, the episode aired on January 28, 2007 with an estimated 7 million viewers, the highest rated episode of any foreign series in Poland. The Pilot aired in Greece on 2 January, with a rating of 769,000 viewers, an unusually high figure for an American series to air on Greek television.
Charlie Brooker of The Guardian calls the pilot "possibly the dumbest story ever told" and opines that it is very unrealistic. Brooker jokes that the writing is "like they took a two-year-old to see The Shawshank Redemption, asked him to recount the plot three weeks later, wrote down everything he said, and filmed it."
Awards and nominations
For the episode, Mark Helfrich was nominated for an Eddie Award in the category "Best Edited One-Hour Series for Commercial Television". However, his competitor, Stephen Semel, won the award for the American television series Lost. The pilot episode did, however win an Artios Casting Society of America award for "Best Dramatic Pilot Casting" in 2006. The award was handed to John Papsidera, Wendy O'Brien and Claire Simon.
References
External links
Prison Break
Prison Break episodes
2005 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot%20%28Prison%20Break%29 |
Lockhart Road () is a street spanning the whole length of Wan Chai from east to west on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It begins at Arsenal Street in the west and ends in East Point Road in East Point.
History
The road is named after Sir James Stewart Lockhart, Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1895 to 1902, who signed the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory.
On 17 December 2005, during the WTO Conference, protestors from South Korea broke the police defensive line on Lockhart Road and attempted to break into the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre in Wan Chai North. This action developed into a major clash with the Hong Kong Police Force.
Bar district
Part of Lockhart Road near its western end is the backbone of one of Hong Kong Island's two main bar districts, the other being the slightly more upmarket Lan Kwai Fong and SoHo area. Once considered primarily a red light district, the area is now much more mixed, with bars, pubs, restaurants and discos. A number of the raunchier bars still remain, their doorways festooned with lightly clothed girls from Thailand and the Philippines. This is the area in which the novel and film The World of Suzie Wong were set.
See also
Bottoms Up Club
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
References
External links
Causeway Bay
Red-light districts in Hong Kong
Wan Chai
Roads on Hong Kong Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockhart%20Road |
María Isabel González-Meneses García-Valdecasas (; born 4 January 1978), known mononymously as Mai Meneses (), is a Spanish singer and songwriter. She also leads the Spanish pop band Nena Daconte.
Life and career
Early life and career beginnings
Born in Madrid, Mai is the youngest of six siblings. Due to her parents' itinerant work, she grew up in Zaragoza and Jaen. Mai later settled in Madrid to attend college, where she received a JD degree (law) from Universidad San Pablo CEU (Madrid) in 2000.
She first rose to fame as a contestant of the second season of Operación Triunfo (Spanish TV singing contest). After her participation, she released her first single, titled "Vuelve".
In 2005, Mai Meneses formed the band Nena Daconte in Barcelona along with musician Kim Fanlo. In 2010, Fanlo left the formation and Mai Meneses continues as the lead singer and songwriter of Nena Daconte.
He perdido los zapatos (2006)
In 2006, Mai, acting as the lead singer and songwriter of Nena Daconte, released its debut album titled He Perdido Los Zapatos (I Have Lost My Shoes) under their own label, Daconte Music. The following year, she signed a record deal with Universal Music Spain and the album was re-released with a new bonus track (a remix of the song Idiota).
Idiota (Idiot) was the first single of the record. Later editions of the album included a new version of Idiota produced by Carlos Jean and mastered in New York City. Idiota reached number 25 of the Spanish billboard charts.
The second single was En que estrella estará (In What Star Will It Be). The song was selected to be the official theme for the Vuelta Ciclista a España (Spanish Cycling Tour) of 2006. En que estrella estará reached the number 1 position on the Spanish billboard charts for 5 weeks.
Nena Daconte´s debut album went Gold in Spain. Later in that same year, Nena Daconte was nominated for an MTV Europe Music Awards.
He Perdido Los Zapatos became the 3rd best selling album in Spain in 2006 and En que estrella estará also became, that same year, the most downloaded song in Spain.
Retales de carnaval (2008)
Their second album, titled "Retales De Carnaval" (Carnival Leftovers), was released two years later, on 30 September 2008. The first single, Tenia Tanto que Darte (I Had a Lot To Give You), premiered on 23 August 2008. As with the first record, this second album was entirely composed by Mai.
In November 2008, Tenia tanto que darte reached the No.1 position on the Spanish billboard chart (40 Principales), clinching it for two consecutive weeks. The song´s music video has over 5 million views on YouTube
Tenia tanto que darte became Spain's Best Selling song of 2008 on iTunes. Likewise, record sales made the album become Platinum in September 2009.
Una mosca en el cristal (2010)
In 2010, Nena Daconte released its third album titled Una mosca en el cristal (A Fly in the Window), produced by Alejo Stivel. The single No te invite a dormir (I Didn´t Invite You Over) reached number 17 on the Spanish billboard charts (40 Principales).
In February 2011, Perdida (Lost) was released as the second single. On that same year, Nena Daconte started an acoustic tour throughout Spain under the name Nena Daconte Club.
Likewise, in late 2011, Mai Meneses participated on a tribute album for Antonio Vega, giving voice to the song Tesoros along with composer LA (native singer from Mallorca).
In 2012, Mai took a role in the single Pero si tu no estás, which was the main theme and soundtrack of "La Fuga", a Spanish TV series.
Solo muerdo por ti (2013)
On 30 April 2013, Nena Daconte released their fourth studio álbum titled "Solo muerdo por ti" in Spain. It was recorded in Madrid at estudios Sonobox and produced by Manuel Colmenero and Jabibu Carretero (also produced of Spanish groups Vetusta Morla, Eladio y los seres queridos).
The album contains 13 new tracks (plus two more tracks in their digital edition), all composed by Mai Meneses. The album takes its title from the nursery rhyme that Mai composed for her son (track number 13). On the same day of its debut, Solo muerdo por ti became number 1 in sales in iTunes Spain.
According to Mai Meneses, “I feel that this album is more mature and I have meditated each phrase for almost two years… there is nothing left to chance, everything is measured: every lyric, step, there is lots of work.”
As per the critics, the album is "clear and direct". As for its sound, it is as genuine as the origins of Nena Daconte.
The first single is titled "Dispare" and its on-air debut was on 5 March 2013. The music video was recorded at the abandoned factory of Pegaso, at the outskirts of Madrid and produced by Zoo and SevenSenses.
Suerte ... (2019)
After living for some years in Dallas, Texas with her family, seeking rest and inspiration, she resumed her musical production.
In March 2019, the band´s fifth studio album, titled “Suerte”, was released, produced by well-known Spanish pop producer, Paco Salazar, in Madrid, Spain. The album has 7 songs.
Singles
Notes
References
External links
WEB Oficial de Nena Daconte
1978 births
Living people
Singers from Madrid
21st-century Spanish singers
21st-century Spanish women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai%20Meneses |
Bennington Street is one of the main thoroughfares in the neighborhood of East Boston in Boston, Massachusetts. The street runs almost the length of the residential section of the community, as distinguished from Logan International Airport, which makes up almost half of the community's landmass.
Bennington Street is one of several local streets named after battles of the American Revolution, namely the Battle of Bennington. The street begins at the neighborhood's Central Square as a narrow two-way road crowded with shops and houses. After about half a mile, the street crosses Chelsea Street, another of the community's busiest street, at the intersection of Day Square, one of East Boston's main retail centers.
From there, Bennington Street widens into a tree-lined road with two lanes of traffic in each direction separated by an island. The road then goes through the center of the Orient Heights section of the neighborhood and curves left past the Belle Isle Marsh Reservation on the right and Suffolk Downs on the left, entering the city of Revere and ending in Beachmont at Station Square at the intersection of Winthrop Street and State Road.
External links
Streets in Boston
East Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennington%20Street |
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