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was a professional Go player.
Biography
Miyamoto became a professional in 1950 for the Kansai Ki-in. He was promoted to 9 dan in 1969. He is famous for the books he has written. Oyama Kunio, Ushinohama Satsuo and Matsumura Osamu are his disciples.
Titles
References
External links
GoBase Profile
Sensei's Library Profile
1934 births
2012 deaths
Japanese Go players
Go (game) writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoki%20Miyamoto |
See also
Florida
List of municipalities in Florida
List of former municipalities in Florida
List of counties in Florida
List of census-designated places in Florida
References
USGS Fips55 database | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20places%20in%20Florida%3A%20P |
Clan Morrison is a Scottish clan. The Highland Clan Morrison is traditionally associated with the Isle of Lewis and Harris (Leòdhas) around Ness (Nis), Dun Pabbay, and Barvas (Barabhas), lands in Sutherland around Durness, and in North Uist. There are numerous Scottish clans, both Highland and Lowland, which use the surname Morison or Morrison. In 1965, the Lord Lyon King of Arms decided to recognise one man as chief of all Morrisons, whether their clans were related or not.
MacGilleMhoire clan of Lewis
The Morrison clan centred on the Isle of Lewis derived their surname from MacGilleMhoire, a name said to mean "son of a servant of Mary". ("Mhic" meaning son, "Gille" meaning servant and "Mhoire" meaning Mary).
In time this Gaelic surname was Anglicised as Morrison. The chiefs of the clan were the Morrisons of Habost and Barvas, and held the hereditary office of brieve. On consequence of this position the clan was also known as Clann-na Breitheamh. The Morisons held this office until 1613; and by the 19th century it was considered impossible to trace their descendants.
The original spelling of the name is "Morison" with one "r", but in the early 19th century the spelling "Morrison" became popular. There are also alternative spellings, or septs, such as Gilmore.
They were a numerous clan in Lewis, the population in 1861 numbered 1402, or one fifteenth of the population. These numbers indicate a domination of the island for many centuries.
Besides areas around the north of the Isle of Lewis, many Morrisons traditionally live in the north-west Highlands, in the county of Sutherland around Durness (Scottish Gaelic: Diùranais), together with their traditional allies, the Clan Mackay.
"Many sanguinary battles, still recounted by tradition , were fought between the Mcleods and Macaulays on one side and the Morisons on the other. At last the Morisons were forced to leave Lewis and take refuge with that part of their clan which was settled in Duirness and Edderachyllius, Sutherland, where still, in 1793, the natives were all, except a few,of the three names of Mac Leay, Morison or Mcleod."
Ó Muircheasáin clan of Harris
A group of the bardic Ó Muirgheasáin clan settled on the isle of Harris around 1600 under the service of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan. At around this time, the file Ó Muirgheasáin replaced the bard Mac Gille Riabhaich, to the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan. The Ó Muirgheasáins ultimately had roots in the north of Ireland, within "O'Neill's country". The clan is thought to have established itself in the Inner Hebrides, on the isle of Mull, by 1512, likely patronised by the MacLeans of Duart. Despite their long service to the MacLeans and MacLeods, not one Ó Muirgheasáin poem, written for the MacLeans of Duart, exists to this day, and the earliest piece of poetry written for the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan only dates to 1626. In time the Harris Ó Muirgheasáins Anglicised their surname to Morrison. The Irish Gaelic Ó Muirgheasa means "descendant of Muirgheas". The personal name Muirgheas may be derived from the Gaelic elements muir, meaning "sea", and geas, meaning "taboo", "prohibition".
Morrisons of mainland Scotland
The surname Morrison is derived from the patronymic form of the personal name Morris. This personal name is a variant of Maurice, and was quite popular in the Middle Ages. The mainland Morrisons descend from a Norman named Maurice. The senior line of the mainland Morrisons were the Morrisons of Bognie Castle in Aberdeenshire. Many of the mainland and lowland Morrisons derived their name this way. The Morrisons of Perth and Lennox derive their surname in this way.
Within the north-east of Scotland, the Morisons of Bognie, in Aberdeenshire, are the principal 'Morrison' family. They are thought to be unrelated to the west coast (and Hebridean) Morrisons. The first laird of Bognie was Alexander, whose son married Christian Urquhart, Viscountess Frendraught. The current representative of the family is Alexander Gordon Morison of Bogie, 13th Baron of Bognie. Until the last century, this family was the principal armigerous 'Morrison' family. The family first gained the Bognie estate in the first part of the 17th century.
The coats of arms of the Morisons of Dersay (or Darcie), in Fife; and the Morisons of Bognie; and the Morisons of Prestongrange utilise Moor's heads. This is a pun on the surname; an example of canting arms. According to the 19th-century historian William C. Mackenzie, it is uncertain whether or not these Morisons have any connection with the Lewis Morisons. Mackenzie noted that in the beginning of the 17th century, a son of the laird of Darcie went to Lewis to negotiate for the release of the Fife adventurers who had been held hostage.
Traditional origins
According to the 'Indweller' of Lewis
In the late 17th century, the origin of the clan was documented within an historical account of Lewis written by John Morrison of Bragar, 'Indweller' of Lewis. The Indweller wrote this account sometime between about 1678 and 1688 and stated that the early inhabitants of Lewis were three men from three separate races.
The 19th-century historian F. W. L. Thomas noted that the Indweller's traditional account was partly at odds with the traditions current in the 19th century. The 19th century tradition was that the heiress of the Morrisons would only marry a Morrison, and that Cain, who was a Macdonald from Ardnamurchan, passed himself off as a Morrison and consequently became her husband and thus brieve.
Thomas noted that it was claimed that Iain Sprangach, founder of the MacDonalds of Ardnamurchan, came to Uist and married a daughter of Macleod of Harris, and had a son named Murdo. Thomas considered that it was from this son that the Indweller's Makurich was derived. Thomas also noted that it was claimed that Aonghus Óg of Islay married a daughter of Guy O'Kaine. He also showed that this marriage is confirmed by the 17th-century Irish genealogist Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, who wrote that the mother of John Mac Angus of Islay was Aine, daughter of Cumhaighe O'Cathain. Thomas maintained that it was through this marriage that the name Cain passed to the Macdonalds, and through them to the Lewis Morrisons, who still used it in the 19th century. Thomas concluded that the Indweller's Kenannus whom the Irish historiance call Makurich equated to Cathan Mac Mhurich. He considered that this man was the son of the Murdo who was the son, or grandson, of Iain Sprangach, founder of the MacDonalds of Ardnamurchan. It was from Cathan Mac Mhurich, Thomas stated, that the chiefly line of the Lewis Morrisons descended. Thomas also noted that the Harris Morrisons claimed to descend from the original stock of Morrisons.
According to the Bannatyne Manuscript
The Bannatyne Manuscript dates from about 1830 and is thought to have probably been written by Dr. William MacLeod Bannatyne. Within the manuscript is an account of the origins of the Lewis Morrisons:
History
The first Morrison on record is Hutcheon (Scottish Gaelic: Ùisdean), a contemporary of Rory MacLeod, the last chief of Clan MacLeod of Lewis. Hutcheon held the hereditary office of brieve, on Lewis.
The Morrisons were also dominant in Durness (within "Clan Mackay Country"). According to tradition, Ay Mac Hormaid (Aodh Mac Thormoid) married a daughter (or sister) of the Bishop of Caithness, who bestowed on the couple the whole of Durness, with Ashir. Aodh then brought over a colony of about 60 families, mostly of his clan.
In the 16th century, Hutcheon Morrison confessed on his deathbed to being the biological father of Torquil MacLeod who had been assumed to be the son of the MacLeod chief. As a result, Torquil was disinherited and the office of chief of the MacLeods passed to another. Torquil, having been raised a MacLeod his whole life, viewed himself as the legitimate chief and made an alliance with the previously peaceful Morrisons and the more aggressive Clan Mackenzie. However, after defeating the MacLeods, Torquil declared himself a MacLeod and turned on the Morrisons and Mackenzies, forcing them from their lands and possessions. The Morrisons later returned to settle in Ness but, remaining enemies of the MacLeods, never achieved any status or power.
The Morrisons tried to live at peace with their more aggressive neighbours. The Macaulays of Lewis, who were centred in Uig, killed Donald Ban, the brother of John Morrison the Brehon, at Habost. When the Morrisons retaliated by raiding Uig, the MacAulays appealed to their allies, the Clan MacLeod of Lewis. The Morrisons were soundly defeated at the Caws of Tarbert, whereupon a strong force of MacAulays and MacLeods invaded the Morrison lands. The chief was captured and imprisoned at Rodil. He managed to escape, but the MacLeods used their influence with the king to have him declared an outlaw. As every man's hand was now turned against him, Morrison resorted to desperate measures and kidnapped one of the Macleod heiresses. He agreed to surrender her in exchange for a royal pardon.
The girl was released, none the worse for her ordeal. The feud was carried on by the next chief Uisdean, or Hucheon, who invaded north Harris. Once again, the Clan MacLeod of Lewis intervened, and Iain Mor MacLeod engaged the Morrisons at Clachan on Taransay. It is said that Hucheon was the only Morrison to survive the battle, swimming over two miles to the mainland despite serious wounds.
17th century: last Macaulay-Morrison clan battle
According to local lore, on Lewis, the last great clan battle between the Macaulays and Morrisons took place in 1654. Local tradition gives several possible locations for the battle: two at Shader, one at Barvas, and one at Brue. One location, said to have been the battle-site is Druim nan Carnan ("the ridge of the cairns"), near Barvas. The conflict is said to have arisen after a group of Uig Macaulays raided cattle from Ness Morrisons. The Macaulays were only able to escape with their plunder as far as Barvas, where the two sides took to battle. It is not known how many died in the conflict, though tradition states that the fallen were buried in the area, and that their graves were marked by cairns which have now since disappeared. In June 2009, it was reported that one of the traditional sites of the battle, and possibly the graves of the fallen, may be damaged by a proposed plan to erect three wind turbines in the area.
According to Moncreiffe of that Ilk, it is unlikely that the brieves had any judicial authority after about 1595. The last Lewis brieve to be mentioned is 'Donald MacIndowie Brieff'; when the Tutor of Kintail issued a 'Letter of Fire and Sword' against him.
Modern Clan Morrison
In 1965, the Lord Lyon King of Arms declared that there was then no traceable descendant of the chiefs of the Morrisons of Lewis. Lyon recognised Dr. John Morrison of Ruchdi as the 'principal chief of the whole name and clan of Morrison'. The Lord Lyon acknowledged that Morrison of Ruchdi could neither trace his descent from the Morrison brieves of Lewis, nor the Morrisons of Habost, nor the chiefs of the Morrisons of Lewis. The Lord Lyon acknowledged that Morrison of Ruchdi was chief of the Morrisons of Ruchdi; and that he could trace his lineage back about twelve generations, in a Gaelic pedigree, back to the Morrisons in the Dun of Pabbay on Tarbert of Harris. Lyon also recognised one 'area chief' or 'regional chief' under Morrison of Ruchdi, elder brother of William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil. Morrison was recognised as the chief of the Morrisons of Islay, the Sundrays and South West Scotland (areas also described by Lyon as the "Strathclyde area"). Lyon declared that further area chiefs could be recognized in time. For example, chiefs representing the line of the Morrisons of Habost and the brieves, the Morrisons of Lothian, and of Merse. However, these chiefs would also be under Morrison of Ruchdi. Dr. Ian Martin Morrison of Ruchdi assumed the Chief's mantle from his father on 12 June 1974. Dr. Ian was succeeded at his death by his son Dr. John Ruaraidh (Ru) Morrison on 11 December 2010. The current clan chief, R. Alasdair Morrison assumed the Chief's mantle on November 7, 2020, upon the death of his father
The Clan Morrison Society, which was established in 1909, bought Dùn Èistean and transferred ownership to John Morrison (great-grandfather of the current chief).
Symbols
The crest badge worn by members of Clan Morrison consists of the chief's heraldic crest and motto. By wearing this badge, clan members show their allegiance to their clan chief. The chief's motto is TEAGHLACH PHABBAY, which translates from Scottish Gaelic as "Pabbay family". This motto refers to the chief's descent from the Morrisons of Ruchdi, who claim to descend from the Morrisons of Dun Pabbay, on Harris. The chief's crest is issuant from waves of the sea Azure crested Argent a Mount Vert, thereon an embattled wall Azure, maisoned Argent, and issuing therefrom a cubit arm naked proper, the hand grasping a dagger hilted Or. The plant badge of Clan Morrison is driftweed.
There are several tartans attributed to the surname Morrison and Clan Morrison has an official clan tartan. This tartan was recorded by the Lord Lyon King of Arms on 3 January 1968. The tartan is based on a sett which was first found in 1935, when an old Morrison family bible was uncovered in a blackhouse which was to be demolished on Lewis. The piece of tartan was wrapped around the bible, and inside a note referencing the sett was dated 1745. The Clan Morrison Society (of Scotland) tartan is a variant of the Mackay tartan. This Morrison tartan dates from about 1908–1909. The society chose to base their tartan on the Mackay because of a historical link between Morrisons and Mackays. This link stems from the marriage of Ay Mac Hormaid and the daughter of the Bishop of Caithness. The bride's dowry consisted of the lands of Durness and subsequently sixty Morrison families emigrated there in the 17th century.
Tartans
See also
Dùn Èistean, once the stronghold of the Morrisons of Lewis
Gilhemoire, progenitor of the Scottish Clan Morrison, and half-brother to Leod
Isle of Lewis, traditional island homeland of the Clan Morrison
Ness, a traditional home of the Clan Morrison.
Durness, associated Highland home of some of the Clan Morrison
Clan Mackay, traditional allies of the Clan Morrison
Clan Macleod of the Lewes, the dominant clan on Lewis (pre 17th century)
Clan Mackenzie, traditional allies of the Clan Morrison
MacAulays of Lewis, a rival clan on Lewis
Pabbay, Harris, a traditional home of the Clan Morrison
Morrison (surname), people with the surname Morrison
Dùn Èistean, a traditional stronghold of the Clan Morrison of Ness
Sources
Footnotes
References
Originally pub. by: W. & A. K. Johnston Ltd., Edinburgh and London, 1944
Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994) Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs).
External links
Clan Morrison Society of North America
Clan Morrison Society of Australia disbanded in 2004.
Aberdeenshire
Harris, Outer Hebrides
Isle of Lewis
Morrison
Gaelic families of Norse descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20Morrison |
Sneyd Park is a suburb of Bristol, England, lying on the western fringe of Clifton Down, adjacent to the Avon Gorge and the Sea Walls observation point. It was formally twinned with Barton Hill (an area of Bristol) in 1976 as the two areas have curiously similar demographics (cite Avon County Council planning report Jan 1974). The twinning involves an annual luncheon between local resident's at the Barton Hill Settlement. It is part of the Stoke Bishop district. Home to many millionaires, Sneyd Park was originally developed in Victorian times. Many Victorian and Edwardian villas line the edge of the Downs. More modern housing has since been built down over the slope, towards Sea Mills, Bristol. Much of this development was carried out by the Stride family builders whose practice was "to purchase an estate freehold and to erect thereon their own houses, with the knowledge that none will be able to come along and dump a lot of cheap houses down in the neighbourhood, thereby spoiling the amenities of the place and detracting from the value of the houses erected by the firm." The 'Stride brothers' specialised in constructing individual style homes with the emphasis on location, finish and design. Buildings were never duplicated and no two were built to the same design. They often have solid oak interior doors, oak-panelled hallways, the hallmark Stride letterboxes and impressive staircases. Brothers Jared and Jethro Stride founded the business in the 1920s, followed by Jared's sons Arthur and Frederick, and then their sons Leslie and Raymond. In 1864 Jared and Jethro's brother Lot was killed in an accident in a sawmill in Cardiff when his hair was caught in the revolving saw. The incident made the newspapers around the world. Prior to developing Sneyd Park Edwin Stride and his sons Jared and Jethro had set up the Crown Brick Works in Shirehampton to supply bricks for the docks then under construction.
Clifton Down, in the vicinity of Sea Walls, was the location of the flight, on 12 November 1910, of the first aircraft built by the Bristol and Colonial Aeroplane Company. Many thousands of Bristol's citizens flocked to see two well-known French pilots, Maurice Tétard and Henri Jullerot, give a public demonstration of the new Bristol Boxkite. Blériot's famous flight across the English Channel had occurred only the year before.
References
Areas of Bristol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneyd%20Park |
Harry Joseph Smith (1936-2012) was a poet, editor, and founder of the American small press movement of the later twentieth century.
Biography
He was born on October 15, 1936.
Educated at Brown University (class of 1957) Smith first became known in the small press world as the founder of The Smith, a literary magazine and journal of experimental writing that was in publication from 1964 to 1974. Later he established a second magazine, Pulpsmith, and a small press, The Smith-Publishers. He is recognized as a mover and a shaker in the burgeoning small press scene of the 1960s and 1970s. Typical prose can be found in The Word and Beyond: Cosmologists of the Word with Dick Higgins, Richard Morris, and Donald Phelps published in 1982 and The Sexy Sixties (2002), poetry in Trinity (1975), Sonnets to P.L.A. (1979), and Ballads for the Possessed (1987).
His magazine, The Smith and press featured among others James T. Farrell, H.L. Van Brunt, Stanley Nelson, Sidney Bernard, Seymour Krim, Tuli Kupferberg, Stephen Dwoskin, Bill Rane, Alicia Ostriker, Jana Harris, Karen Swenson, Terry Kennedy, Les Whitten and Richard (Ward) Morris. From 1968 to 1980, Smith edited The Newsletter (On the State of the Culture), which reported on both mainstream and underground publishing scenes. As editor, he was quickly cited as
An anthology of avant-garde poetry Inside the Outside features a selection of his poetry.
Smith was a founding editor along with Anaïs Nin, Buckminster Fuller, Hugh Fox, Ishmael Reed, Joyce Carol Oates, Len Fulton, et al. of the annual Pushcart Prize for small press writing. Following the publication of his epic poem, Trinity, he was awarded PEN's 1976 Medwick Award for 'his poetry, his commitment to human values, and his achievements as an editor.'" Smith and Marion Petschek Smith were married in 1959; they had three children. After Marion's death in 1995, he was married to Clare Melley Smith. Smith died on November 23, 2012.
Ralph Farris, of the string quartet ETHEL, originally set Smith's poem Solstice People to music and it was featured in the 2007 In the House of ETHEL: Solstice concert at the World Financial Center's Winter Garden. Three of Smith's poems, including Solstice People, have now been set by Mr. Farris for SATB choir and string quartet, and have been incorporated into ETHEL's Music of the Sun program with Native American flutist Robert Mirabal.
References
1936 births
American male poets
2012 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Smith%20%28poet%29 |
Maria Poveka Montoya Martinez ( – July 20, 1980) was a Native American artist who created internationally known pottery. Martinez (born Maria Poveka Montoya), her husband Julian, and other family members, including her son Popovi Da, examined traditional Pueblo pottery styles and techniques to create pieces which reflect the Pueblo people's legacy of fine artwork and crafts. The works of Maria Martinez, and especially her black ware pottery, survive in many museums, including the Smithsonian, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Denver Art Museum, and more. The Penn Museum in Philadelphia holds eight vessels – three plates and five jars – signed either "Marie" or "Marie & Julian".
Maria Martinez was from the San Ildefonso Pueblo, a community located 20 miles northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico. At an early age, she learned pottery skills from her aunt and recalls this "learning by seeing" starting at age eleven, as she watched her aunt, grandmother, and father's cousin work on their pottery during the 1890s. During this time, Spanish tinware and Anglo enamelware had become readily available in the Southwest, making the creation of traditional cooking and serving pots less necessary. Customary pottery-making techniques were decreasing, but Martinez and her family experimented with different techniques and helped preserve the cultural art.
Early life
Maria Poveka Montoya was born or 1887. Born to in San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico to Tomas and Reyes Pena Montoya, Maria had four sisters: Maximiliana (Ana), Juanita, Desideria, and Clara. Maria was the middle child. Her aunt, Nicolasa, taught her clay work. Maria and all four of her sisters made pottery, and some examples of her sisters' pottery can be seen in exhibits. She told people that she saw an alien on a mountain at eight. Her given name Po've'ka in the Tewa language means pond lily or water lily.
History
During an excavation in 1908 led by Edgar Lee Hewett, a professor of archaeology and the founder and director of the Museum of New Mexico in Santa Fe, examples of black-on-white biscuit ware pottery were discovered. While searching through the sandy dirt and red clay of the New Mexico desert terrain, broken pieces of biscuit ware were uncovered.
It is a common misconception that "during the end of the 18th century, the use of plant pigments and finely powdered mineral substances became the preferred technique of painting and slowly caused the extinction of glazed pottery".
In reality, the nearby inhabitants of Santa Clara Pueblo, had produced the highly burnished black pottery, since the 17th century.
Hewett sought a skilled pueblo potter who could re-create biscuit ware. His intention was to place recreated pots in museums and thus preserve the ancient art form. Maria Martinez was known in the Tewa pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico for making the thinnest pots in the least time; therefore, Hewett saw her as the perfect Pueblo potter to bring his idea to life.
This work was distinct from, but invariably confused with (in the popular narrative) the matte black on polished blackware that Maria and her husband experimented with and perfected on their own and for which there was no prior precedent, contrary to popular myth.
Challenges and experiments
A long process of experimentation and overcoming challenges was required to successfully recreate the black-on-black pottery style to meet Maria's exacting standards. "As almost all clay found in the hills is not jet black, one specific challenge was to figure out a way to make the clay turn the desired color. Maria discovered, from observing the Tafoya family of Santa Clara Pueblo, who still practiced traditional pottery techniques, that smothering the fire surrounding the pottery during the outdoor firing process caused the smoke to be trapped and is deposited into the clay, creating various shades of black to gunmetal color." She experimented with the idea that an "unfired polished red vessel which was painted with a red slip on top of the polish and then fired in a smudging fire at a relatively cool temperature would result in a deep glossy black background with dull black decoration." Shards and sheep and horse manure placed around the outside and inside of the outdoor kiva-style adobe oven would give the pot a slicker matte finished appearance. After much trial and error, Maria successfully produced a black ware pot. The first pots for a museum were fired around 1913. These pots were undecorated, unsigned, and of a generally rough quality. The earliest record of this pottery was in a July 1920 exhibition held at the New Mexico Museum of Art.
Embarrassed that she could not create high quality black pots in the style of the ancient Pueblo peoples, Martinez hid her pots away from the world. A few years later, Hewett and his guests visited the little Tewa Pueblo. These guests asked to purchase black ware pottery, similar to Martinez's pots housed in a museum. She was greatly encouraged by this interest and resolutely began trying to perfect the art of black ware pottery. Her skill advanced with each pot, and her art began to cause quite a stir among collectors and developed into a business for the black ware pottery. In addition, Martinez began experimenting with various techniques to produce other shapes and colorful forms of pottery.
Description of black ware pottery
An olla jar has a slightly flattened rim and a marked angle at the shoulder. The one created by Maria and Julian Martinez is characteristic of this type, which is "decorated on the rims only, i.e. above the angle of the shoulder." Light is reflected off of the shiny, smooth surface. The jet black ceramic product's finish appears unblemished in any way. A band of a lighter black decoration stands out against a solid black matte background. This type of pot "depends for decorative effect on the manipulation of surface finish alone" to appear as though the decorations are scratched into the pot's surface. The band wraps directly below the narrow neck of the pot. A wide-eyed avanyu, or horned serpent, encircles the pot and slithers inside the band. The serpent's tongue almost touches the tip of his tail. The snake's body movements seem alive; a tribute to the appreciation the Pueblo peoples have for nature and life. The decorations on the pot give the pot a personality and unique individualized look.
Process
Creating black ware pottery is a long process that consists of many steps requiring patience and skill. Six distinct processes occur before the pot is finished. According to Susan Peterson in The Living Tradition of Maria Martinez, these steps include, "finding and collecting the clay, forming a pot, scraping and sanding the pot to remove surface irregularities, applying the iron-bearing slip and burnishing it to a high sheen with a smooth stone, decorating the pot with another slip, and firing the pot."
The first step is to gather the clay, which is done once a year, usually in October when it is dry. The clay is then stored in an adobe structure where the temperature remains constant. The next step is to begin molding the clay to form a pot; the right amount of clay is brought into the house from the storage structure. The clay is placed on a table covered with a cloth. A fist-sized hole is made in the clay and equal amounts of gray-pink and blue sand is placed in the depression. A smaller hole is made in the blue sand and water is poured into the hole. The substances are then kneaded together. The mixture is then wrapped in the cloth, washed, and covered with a towel to prevent moisture from escaping. The clay is allowed to a day or two to dry slightly and stabilize. The pukis or "supporting mold, a dry or fired clay shape where a round bottom of a new piece may be formed" allows the potter to build the base of the pot into a pancake-like form. After squeezing the clay together with one's fingers, a 1" high wall is pinched up from the pancake-like base. A gourd rib is used in criss-cross motions to smooth out the wall, making it thick and even. Long coils of clay are laid on the top of the clay wall. These are then smoothed out with the gourd, allowing the potter to increase the height of the pot. Any air holes are patched with clay and sealed with the gourd rib.
After drying, the pot is scraped, sanded, and polished with stones. This is the most time-consuming part of the process. A small round stone is applied to the side of the pot in consistent, horizontal, rhythmic motions. The pot is burnished by rubbing the stone parallel with the side of the pot to produce a shiny, evenly-polished surface. The pot is then ready to fire after a secondary slip is applied. The slip is painted onto the burnished surface in various traditional designs.
Firing
Maria Martinez used a firing technique called "reduction firing". A reducing atmosphere occurs when the air surrounding the pots does not contain enough oxygen to feed the flames. This causes a chemical reaction that darkens the clay body. The firing process would take many hours in addition to the weeks of preparation beforehand. She often was assisted by her husband or children. The firing occurred early in the morning on a clear, calm day when wind would not hinder the process.
First, the pots were placed in the firing pit, and carefully covered with broken pieces of pottery and aluminum sheets or scrap metal. In order to allow ventilation to keep the fire burning, small spaces were left uncovered. The pit-kiln assembly was then surrounded with cow chips - very dry cow dung - as fuel. The chips were placed carefully in order to leave the vents free. The goal was to prevent any flame from actually touching the pots, hence the protective metal sheets. After covering the kiln with more cow chips, they lit the kindling on all sides to ensure an even distribution of heat. They continued to feed the fire with dry cedar wood until it reached the desired temperature of around 1,200 to 1,400 degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the desired look they intended for the batch of pots. If the fire continued to burn, the pottery would achieve a red-brown color. But in order to make the blackware pottery that Maria was famous for, the fire was smothered with dry, powdered horse dung. By doing this, the amount of oxygen within the kiln was greatly reduced, therefore creating a reduction atmosphere that caused the color of the pots to turn black. After several hours, Martinez shifted the horse dung to extinguish the fire and bury the pots so they could cool slowly. After the pit kiln was cool enough to unload, they carefully removed the pots using a stick if the pots were still hot, or by hand if the pots were cool enough to touch.
Decorations
Julian Martinez, Maria's husband, began decorating Maria's pots after many trials and errors. "To create his designs, a slurry of clay and water known as slip is created and applied to the already burnished, but yet unfired surface. You cannot polish a design into a matte background, as the stone is not as precise as a brush is." He discovered that painting designs with a guaco juice and clay mixture provided a matte-on-shiny decorative effect. The process involved polishing the background, then matte-painting the designs before firing.
In 1918, Julian finished the first of Maria's blackware pots with a matte background and a polished Avanyu design. Many of Julian's decorations were patterns adopted from ancient vessels of the Pueblos. These patterns included birds, road runner tracks, rain, feathers, clouds, mountains, and zigzags or kiva steps.
Signatures
Maria used variations of her signature on her pots throughout her lifetime. These signatures help date the pieces of art. Maria and Julian's oldest works were all unsigned. The two had no idea that their art would become popular and did not feel it was necessary to claim authorship of their work. The unsigned pieces were most likely made between the years of 1918 and 1923. Once Maria gained success with her pottery she began signing her work as "Marie." She thought that the name "Marie" was more popular among the non-Indian public than the name "Maria" and would influence the purchasers more. The pieces signed as "Marie" were made between 1923 and 1925. Even though Julian decorated the pots, only Maria claimed the work since pottery was still considered a woman's job in the Pueblo. Maria left Julian's signature off the pieces to respect the Pueblo culture until 1925. After that, "Marie + Julian" remained the official signature on all of the pottery until Julian's death in 1943. Maria's family began helping with the pottery business after Julian's death. From 1943 to 1954 Maria's son, Adam, and his wife Santana, collected clay, coiled, polished, decorated, and fired pottery with Maria. Adam took over his father's job of collecting clay and painting the decorations. "Marie + Santana" became the new signature on the pots. For about thirty years Maria signed her name as "Marie." Once her son, Popovi Da, began working alongside his mother, Maria began referring to herself as "Maria" on the pottery. They began co-signing their pieces around 1956 as "Maria+Poveka" and "Maria/Popovi."
She won many awards and presented her pottery at several world fairs and received the initial grant for the National Endowment for the Arts to fund a Martinez pottery workshop in 1973. Martinez passed on her knowledge and skill to many others including her family, other women in the pueblo, and students in the outside world. When she was a young girl she had learned how to become a potter by watching her aunt Nicolasa make pottery. During the time that she developed what we now know as the San Ildefonso style of traditional pottery, she learned much from Sarafina Tafoya, the pottery matriarch of neighboring Santa Clara Pueblo. When in 1932 she was asked to teach by the government Indian school in Santa Fe, Martinez refused to do so: "I come and I work and they can watch," she stated. Her family members had not taught her, and she would not do it herself either - "nobody teaches."
Honors
Martinez received honorary doctorates during her lifetime from the University of Colorado and the University of New Mexico. Her portrait was created by Malvina Hoffman, a notable American sculptor. In 1978 Martinez had a major solo exhibition at the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. In 2022, Martinez was included in a book on Women's Work, noting the change from feminine arts to feminist art, by Ferren Gipson.
Collections
Birmingham Museum of Art
Brooklyn Museum
Cincinnati Art Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Crocker Art Museum
Denver Art Museum
Everson Museum of Art
Gilcrease Museum
Institute of Texan Cultures
Jesse Peter Multicultural Museum
Maxwell Museum of Anthropology
Millicent Rogers Museum
Minneapolis Institute of Art
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Museum of Fine Arts, St. Petersburg
Museum of Modern Art
National Museum of the American Indian
National Museum of Women in the Arts
Portland Art Museum
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Toledo Museum of Art
University of Michigan Museum of Art
See also
List of indigenous artists of the Americas
List of Native American artists
Native American pottery
American Museum of Ceramic Art Her artworks has been exhibited and are a part of the Permanent Collection
San Ildefonso Self-Taught Group
Black-on-black ware
References
Further reading
External links
Fact sheet on Maria Martinez
1880s births
Year of birth uncertain
1980 deaths
Native American potters
American potters
Artists from New Mexico
American women ceramists
Pueblo artists
20th-century American ceramists
20th-century American women artists
Native American women artists
Women potters
Cowgirl Hall of Fame inductees
People from San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico
20th-century Native American women
20th-century Native American artists
Tewa people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Martinez |
Fehriye Erdal (born 25 February 1977) is a Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front militant. She was one of the three DHKP-C members involved in the assassination of a Turkish businessman, Özdemir Sabancı and two of his employees on 9 January 1996 in Istanbul, Turkey. In 2008, however, she was acquitted of this charge. In 2017 she had been found guilty of involvement in the same murders in Turkey by a Belgian court.
In 1999, she was captured in Belgium. At the time of her arrest, she held a fake passport under the name Nese Yildirim. Belgian officials were able to identify her only after her fingerprints were taken.
In 2006, a couple of hours before her sentence was announced and in spite of being under 24-hour surveillance of the Belgian Secret Service, she managed to flee. She was to be sentenced to a four-year imprisonment in Belgium for the crimes she had committed in that country. She would later be handed over to Turkey in order to be tried for her involvement in terrorist activities within the borders of the Turkish Republic.
After her escape, Interpol issued a red bulletin for Fehriye Erdal sending a message to its 186 member countries that she is to be captured and returned to Belgium. Although there have been reports that she has been seen in Cyprus and Jordan, there was no solid information on her whereabouts.
In 2008, the Belgian court of appeal acquitted Fehriye Erdal of all charges against her. The court ruled there is no evidence connecting Erdal with terrorist activities. In 2017 she was sentenced in absentia to 15 years in prison by a Belgian court. In 2019, the Belgian authorities declared that they were still looking for Erdal.
References
1977 births
Fugitives wanted by Belgium
Fugitives wanted on murder charges
Fugitives wanted on terrorism charges
People from Adana
Possibly living people
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front politicians
Turkish Kurdish people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehriye%20Erdal |
Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua is a 1991 book by Stephen Kinzer, an American author and The New York Times foreign correspondent who reported from Nicaragua during the Sandinista-Contras civil war period of the 1980s.
Publishing information
Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua, by Stephen Kinzer, Putnam Publishing Group, 1991. (reprinted in 2007 by the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University)
Books about Nicaragua
Non-fiction books about war
Books by Stephen Kinzer
1991 non-fiction books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20of%20Brothers |
Joseph E. LeDoux (born December 7, 1949) is an American neuroscientist whose research is primarily focused on survival circuits, including their impacts on emotions such as fear and anxiety. LeDoux is the Henry and Lucy Moses Professor of Science at New York University, and director of the Emotional Brain Institute, a collaboration between NYU and New York State with research sites at NYU and the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, New York. He is also the lead singer and songwriter in the band The Amygdaloids.
Research and theories
Work on threat response, anxiety, and emotions
As explained in his 1996 book, The Emotional Brain, LeDoux developed an interest in the topic of emotion through his doctoral work with Michael Gazzaniga on split-brain patients in the mid-1970s. Because techniques for studying the human brain were limited at the time, he turned to studies of rodents where the brain could be studied in detail. He chose to focus on a simple behavioral model, Pavlovian fear conditioning. This procedure allowed him to follow the flow of information about a stimulus through the brain as it comes to control behavioral responses by way of sensory pathways to the amygdala, and gave rise to the notion of two sensory roads to the amygdala, with the "low road" being a quick and dirty subcortical pathway for rapid activity behavioral responses to threats and the "high road" providing slower but highly processed cortical information. His work has shed light on how the brain detects and responds to threats, and how memories about such experiences are formed and stored through cellular, synaptic and molecular changes in the amygdala. A long-standing collaboration with NYU colleague Elizabeth Phelps has shown the validity of the rodent work for understanding threat processing in the human brain.
LeDoux's work on amygdala processing of threats has helped understand exaggerated responses to threats in anxiety disorders in humans. For example, studies with Maria Morgan in the 1990s implicated the medial prefrontal cortex in the extinction of responses to threats and paved the way for understanding how exposure therapy reduces threat reactions in people with anxiety by way of interactions between the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Work conducted with Karim Nader and Glenn Schafe triggered a wave of interest in the topic of memory reconsolidation, a process by which memories become labile and subject to change after being retrieved. This led to the idea that trauma-related cues might be weakened in humans by blocking reconsolidation. Studies with Marie Mofils, Daniela Schiller and Phelps showed that extinction conducted shortly after triggering reconsolidation is considerably more effective in reducing the threat value of stimuli than conventional extinction, a finding that has proven useful in reducing drug relapse in humans.
Difference between threat response and emotions
In 2012 LeDoux emphasized the value, when discussing brain functions in animals, of using terms that are not derived from human subjective experience. The common practice of calling brain circuits that detect and respond to threats "fear circuits" implies that these circuits are responsible for feelings of fear. LeDoux has argued that so-called Pavlovian fear conditioning should be renamed Pavlovian threat conditioning to avoid the implication that "fear" is being acquired in rats or humans.
In 2015 he emphasised the notion of survival functions mediated by survival circuits, the purpose of which is to keep organisms alive (rather than to make emotions). For example, defensive survival circuits exist to detect and respond to threats, and can be present in all organisms. However, only organisms that can be conscious of their own brain's activities can feel fear. Fear is a conscious experience and occurs the same way as any other kind of conscious experience: via cortical circuits that allow attention to certain forms of brain activity. He argues the only differences between an emotional and non-emotion state of consciousness are the underlying neural ingredients that contribute to the state. These ideas and their implications for understanding the neural foundations of pathological fear and anxiety are explained in his 2015 book, Anxious. In this he says "Fear and anxiety are not biologically wired... They are the consequence of the cognitive processing of nonemotional ingredients."
In 2018 he further said that the amygdala may release hormones due to a trigger (such as an innate reaction to seeing a snake), but "then we elaborate it through cognitive and conscious processes". He differentiated between the defence system, which has evolved over time, and emotions such as fear and anxiety. He points out that even simple organisms such as bacteria move in response to threats; "It's in the brain to allow an organism, whether it be a bacterium or a human, to detect and respond to danger. ... It's not in the brain to create feelings like fear and anxiety." Lisa Feldman Barrett takes a similar view.
Awards and professional recognition
LeDoux has received a number of awards, including the Karl Spencer Lashley Award from the American Philosophical Society, the Fyssen International Prize in Cognitive Science, Jean Louis Signoret Prize of the IPSEN Foundation, the Santiago Grisolia Prize, the American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, and the American Psychological Association Donald O. Hebb Award. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a William James Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Books and other public outreach
In addition to numerous publications in scholarly journals, LeDoux has written:
The Integrated Mind (with Michael Gazzaniga, Plenum, 1978)
The Emotional Brain (Simon and Schuster, 1998)
Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are (Viking, 2002)
Anxious: Using the Brain to Understand and Treat Fear and Anxiety (Viking, 2015)
The Deep History of Ourselves: The Four-Billion-Year Story of How We Got Conscious Brains (Viking, 2019)
The Four Realms of Existence: A New Theory of Being Human (Belknap 2023)
He has also edited several volumes, including Mind and Brain: Dialogues in Cognitive Neuroscience (with William Hirst, Cambridge University Press, 1986), The Self: From Soul to Brain (with Jacek Debiec and Henry Moss, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 2003), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice (with Peter Shiromani and Terrence Keane, Humana Press, 2009).
He has also contributed to The New York Times Opinionator column on anxiety and to the Huffington Post, and has conducted numerous television, radio, online, and print interviews. LeDoux has also collaborated with filmmaker Alexis Gambis on a project called "My Mind's Eye" on the Scientific American website in which interviews with esteemed scientists and philosophers (including Eric Kandel, Michael Gazzaniga, Ned Block) are framed within the context of his music (see below).
Early life and education
Joseph LeDoux was born on December 7, 1949, in the Cajun Prairie town of Eunice, Louisiana, to Joseph E. "Boo" LeDoux, a traveling rodeo performer (bull rider) and butcher, and Priscilla Buller LeDoux. He attended St. Edmund's Elementary School and Eunice High School, graduating in 1967. LeDoux attended Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge where he majored in Business Administration and minored in Psychology. In 1972 he began work on a Masters of Science in Marketing from LSU. During this time, his interest in psychology grew and he volunteered in the laboratory of Robert Thompson, who introduced him to brain research.
Academic and professional history
In the fall of 1974 LeDoux began a PhD program at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and completed his degree in 1977. In 1978, LeDoux joined the Department of Neurology at Cornell Medical School as a postdoctoral fellow and remained there through the rank of associate professor until 1989. During most of his time at Cornell, he worked in the Neurobiology Laboratory where he received technical training in state-of-the-art neuroscience techniques and began the research program on the brain mechanism of emotional memory that he has pursued ever since. In 1989 he joined the newly formed Center for Neural Science at NYU as an associate professor. In 1991 he was promoted to full professor, and in 1996 he became the Henry and Lucy Moses Professor of Science. In 2005, he was named university professor, the highest honor for a faculty member at NYU.
Personal life
In 1971 LeDoux married LSU classmate Diana Steen. They divorced amicably in 1978. Since 1982 he has been married to art critic Nancy Princenthal. Currently they reside in the Williamsburg area of Brooklyn. They have two children, Jacob S. LeDoux (died 2005) and Milo E. LeDoux. Milo is a graduate of the University of Oxford, where he studied classics, and is now pursuing a career in law.
Music
Cajun/zydeco, country, R&B, rock, and their fusion into "swamp pop", were influences in LeDoux's childhood. In high school, he was a disc jockey at the local radio station, KEUN, and the rhythm guitarist of two bands: the Deadbeats and the Countdowns. Although he remained an avid music fan in later life, he did not actively play guitar for many years. In 2004, LeDoux and NYU Biology Professor Tyler Volk began performing as a cover band for small parties around NYU, and in 2006 they formed The Amygdaloids. The original band also included Daniela Schiller, (then an NYU postdoctoral fellow), and graduate student Nina Curley. The band's lyrics, mostly written by LeDoux, are based on neuroscientific, psychological, and philosophical themes, and offer scholarly insights into the role of mind and brain in daily life. Their inaugural CD, Heavy Mental, was released in 2007. On their second CD, Theory of My Mind, LeDoux and Grammy winner Rosanne Cash sing "Crime of Passion" and "Mind over Matter", both written by LeDoux. In 2012, the band released All in Our Minds, an EP in which all songs had "mind" in their title. Anxious, a companion to LeDoux's book with the same title, was released in 2015 and explores some of the same scientific themes as the book, but through song. The band's unique focus on original songs about mind and brain has landed them considerable press. They play regularly in New York City, and have also performed in Washington DC, San Antonio TX, Indianapolis IN, Lafayette LA, and Montreal. LeDoux and Amygdaloids' bassist Colin Dempsey perform as an acoustic duo called So We Are.
References
External links
LeDouxlab — LeDoux Biography
LeDoux Lab Website
NYU/NCS : Core Faculty : Joseph LeDoux
LeDoux Lecture "What fearful rats can tell us about psychiatric treatment"
Joseph LeDoux interviewed on NOUS the podcast 'On the 4 billion year journey to our conscious selves'
Living people
1949 births
American cognitive scientists
American neuroscientists
20th-century American psychologists
21st-century American psychologists
Stony Brook University alumni
New York University faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Weill Medical College of Cornell University faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20E.%20LeDoux |
Coombe Dingle is a suburb of Bristol, England, centred near where the Hazel Brook tributary of the River Trym emerges from a limestone gorge bisecting the Blaise Castle Estate to join the main course of the Trym. Historically this area formed part of the parish of Westbury on Trym, Gloucestershire, and it is now part of Kingsweston ward of the city of Bristol. South of Coombe Dingle is Sea Mills; to the north is Kings Weston Hill; to the west are Kings Weston House and Shirehampton Park; and to the east, Henbury Golf Club and Westbury on Trym proper.
The inhabited place appears simply as Combe, Coomb or Coombe, meaning 'short bowl-shaped valley', in documents from the 13th century onwards and on early maps. The name applied to Coombe Farm and Coombe House on the eastern side of the confluence of the Hazel Brook and the Trym, not where the modern suburb lies. This area later became noted for its cherry orchards, commemorated in a modern house-name, and a nursery. Strictly speaking, Coombe Dingle was the wooded narrow valley through which the Trym passes south-west of the farm and house to flow southwards through Sea Mills to the River Avon. The name of the narrow valley was borrowed for the new development consisting mostly of private housing built to the west of the Trym in the 1920s and 1930s on an area called Boulton's (or Bowden's) Fields. It was and remains a desirable area to live. Near the western edge is Haig Close, a small development of houses originally built for ex-servicemen in 1929 on land donated from the Kingsweston Estate by Philip Napier Miles, though this is generally said to be in Sea Mills.
Coombe Dingle was once a popular destination for outings from Bristol, and there was a well-known tea-room and tea garden in the wooded Dingle itself, now a private house (just West of Grove Road on The Dingle). It was there by 1888 and used to be known as Appletree Cottage. The original winding road passing it, called The Dingle, has been bypassed by the modern A4162, which is carried across the river on its own bridge with a classical-style balustrade. Sylvan Way and the bridge were built in about 1920. The bridge is made of in situ cast concrete. It is quite an early example showing the arch design of brick and stone bridges, but built of a material for which an arch is unnecessary. In the Dingle itself, the river drove a flour mill called Coombe Mill.
Below Coombe House, just above the confluence of the Trym and Hazel Brook, was a sluice where the footbridge now is. This diverted the water through a mill stream to Hazel Brook. Another sluice there diverted the water into a millstream which ran approximately below where the main path now runs down to the site of the mill. This clever arrangement meant that when the flow in Hazel Brook was low the miller could use the water of the River Trym as well as that of Hazel Brook.
Coombe House which stood to the South of the confluence of Hazel Brook and the Trym, backing on to Canford Lane, was the home of John Graves Livingston (born J.G. Thompson) who was a long time director and chairman of the Ffestiniog Railway Company. For more information see: https://www.festipedia.org.uk/wiki/John_Graves_Livingston
There is a parade of shops on Westbury Lane. There used to be, close to the road bridge and near the northern end of Coombe Lane, a "tin" (i.e. corrugated iron) Methodist chapel. It was a small building with plain Gothic-style windows dating from the 1890s, demolished in the mid-1990s and replaced by a house. There are no other places of worship in Coombe Dingle.
Coombe Lane is the home of Bristol University sports complex, which is commonly referred to as Coombe Dingle, though it is really in Stoke Bishop.
References
Fisher, Janet, and Derek Fisher (2002) Bygone Bristol: Sneyd Park, Stoke Bishop, Coombe Dingle, Henbury on old postcards. Bristol: Bygone Bristol.
Areas of Bristol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coombe%20Dingle%2C%20Bristol |
Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda () is a Welsh-medium secondary school located in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, situated near Porth.
History
Ysgol Gyfun Cymer Rhondda was established in 1988 in response to the growing demand for Welsh-medium education in the area. It remains the only Welsh-medium secondary School in the Rhondda, with around 800 students. Pupils who attend the school come from all over the Rhondda, from five Welsh primary schools:
Llyn-Y-Forwyn (Ferndale)
Ynyswen (Ynyswen)
Llwyncelyn (Porth)
Bronllwyn (Gelli)
Bodringallt (Ystrad)
Cymer was renamed Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda by RCT Council on the 1st of September 2017.
Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda in the media
Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda appeared in the popular show "Pam fi Duw?" on Welsh television channel S4C. The long-running show gained a large Rhondda fan base, from both English- and Welsh-speaking people, because it was featured in a place they knew. For seven weeks of the year HTV used the school campus, and 200 of the school's pupils were extras.
More recently the school again featured on S4C in "Cymer Fi", which followed six students as they completed various challenges and tasks. The programme followed the students as they went through singing coaching, quitting smoking, behavioural problems and rugby aspirations.
Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda rugby
Cwm Rhondda has a tradition of rugby union and has a number of former pupils playing in the Welsh leagues. A number of pupils have reached international level at different age groups, with former pupil Geraint Morris playing for Welsh regional side the Celtic Warriors in the European Heineken Cup.
Three sixth-form students (Geraint Evans, Liam H. Thomas and Ashley Bateman) were selected for the Wales U/18 Rugby League squad. Evans and Bateman played against the North of England side in Manchester (November 2006). Evans also represented Wales U/19 against Australia (November 2006). Former pupil Sean Paul Rees was also selected for the Wales U/17 Rugby Union squad. Will Grif John was selected for the Welsh rugby union U20s squad and turned professional for the Cardiff Blues.
External links
Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda website
Secondary schools in Rhondda Cynon Taf
Educational institutions established in 1988
1988 establishments in Wales
Welsh-language schools | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgol%20Gyfun%20Cwm%20Rhondda |
The Turtle Creek Chorale (TCC) is an American men's chorus located in Dallas, Texas. With 38 recordings and two commercially produced, feature-length motion picture documentaries in public distribution, it is among the most recorded men's choruses in the world.
Founded February 19, 1980, and currently featuring more than 200 singing members, the Chorale performs a full concert series annually to live audiences in excess of 20,000.
While primarily a gay men's chorus, the Turtle Creek Chorale welcomes all men, and those that identify as male, regardless of sexual orientation.
TCC also performs more than 30 benefit appearances annually. Recent partnerships and collaborations include Lone Star Rides, LifeWalk, Genesis Women's Shelter, Children's Medical Center, Hope's Door, Parkland Hospital, and the American Airlines Sky Ball.
Performance highlights
Performances by the Chorale have included two state, two regional and three national conventions of the American Choral Directors Association as well as a regional convention of Music Educators National Conference. The Chorale has traveled to Europe, performing sold-out concerts in Barcelona, Berlin, and Prague as well as two appearances at Carnegie Hall.
The TCC has sung in a command performance for such notables as Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, former President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, the inauguration of Texas Governor, Ann Richards, and in 1996 for the inauguration of the City of Dallas Mayor Ron Kirk. These accomplishments were made with one purpose in mind—the enhancement of the musical and cultural life of its audiences through the presentation of male chorus music.
The Chorale collaborated with Susan G. Komen Foundation to create “Sing for the Cure” with narrations by Dr. Maya Angelou. TCC has performed twice with the U.S. Army Chorus and shared the stage with Liza Minnelli, Joan Rivers, Sandi Patty, Gavin Creel, Jennifer Holliday, Nikki Blonski, Margaret Cho, Tom Wopat, Seth Rudetsky, and Patti LuPone.
History
The Turtle Creek Chorale was formed February 19, 1980 under the guidance of its founding artistic director and conductor, Harry E. Scher. At its first rehearsal at Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Dallas, 39 charter members attended. The administrative staff was composed of volunteers. In 1990, the TCC had grown to 150 members and two full-time paid staff. Today, nearly 200 singing members, several non-singing associate members, a staff and a board of directors constitute the TCC.
1980s
In 1982, Dr. Richard L. Fleming was announced the TCC Artistic Director and Musical Conductor. The Chorale received its first musical honor by being selected the state winner of the Johnny Mann Great American Choral Festival under his direction.
2000s
On June 29, 2008 the Turtle Creek Chorale had their name launched to the moon as part of the LRO or Lunar Reconnaissance Project "Send your name to the Moon" project, certificate number 1684788.
Leadership: Artistic Director
1980: Harry E. Scher
1982: Dr. Richard L. Fleming
1984: Michael Crawford
1987: Dr. Timothy Seelig
2007: Dr. Jonathan Palant
2011: Trey Jacobs (Interim Conductor)
2012: Trey Jacobs
2014: Sean Baugh (Interim Conductor)
2015: Sean Baugh
Discography
source:
From the Heart (1990)
When We No Longer Touch (1991)
Peace (1991)
Testament (1992)
Requiem (1993)
United We Sing (1994)
A Roamin' Holiday (1994)
Everything's Possible (1994, 2001)
Postcards (1994)
Let Music Live (1995)
Family (1995)
Times of the Day (1995)
The Gershwin Scrapbook (1996)
Simply Christmas (1996)
Celebrate (1997)
Lifelong Friend (1998)
Reflections (1997)
Twisted Turtle Tinsel (1997)
Best of the Turtle Creek Chorale (1999)
Psalms (1999)
Personals (2000)
Sing for the Cure (2000)
Song of Wisdom from Old Turtle (2000)
Turtle Mix (2000)
Two Worlds with Buddy Shanahan (2001)
Comfort and Joy (2001)
Turtle Creek Chorale Recordings Sampler (2001)
To A Dancing Star (2002)
A Testament to Freedom (2002)
One World (2002)
Celestial (2003)
Annie's Songs (2004)
The Holy and The Holly (2004)
Journey (2004)
Holiday Memories (2005)
Songs of Our Nation (2006)
Serenade (May 2007)
A Fond Farewell (July 2007)
Believe (November 2009)
Affiliations
American Choral Directors Association (ACDA)
Associated Male Choruses of America, Inc.
Chorus America
GALA Choruses (Gay and Lesbian Association of Choruses)
The International Federation of Choral Music
National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences
City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs (OCA)
Texas Commission on the Arts
See also
LGBT culture in Dallas–Fort Worth
Notes and references
Further reading
Putnam, Jeff & Rattan, Joe. "BREATHE! 25 Years with the Turtle Creek Chorale." First Printing, 2004. Issue . Avenue Publishers, Inc.
External links
American choirs
Choirs in Dallas
Texas classical music
Gay men's choruses
Gay culture in Texas
Musical groups established in 1980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle%20Creek%20Chorale |
The Institute Of Medical Sciences (IMS-BHU) is one of the Six institutes of Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India and comprises three faculties, Faculty of Medicine, Dental Sciences, and Ayurveda.
The Institute of Medical Sciences is the medical school of the university. Like other institutions forming BHU, it is residential and co-educational.
History
The Institute started functioning as College of Medical Sciences in 1960 with nine departments of Modern Medicine and eight departments of Ayurveda, under the leadership of K. N. Udupa, the Founder Director of the institute.
In 1971, the College of Medical Sciences, was upgraded to Institute of Medical Sciences. Today it has 33 departments of Modern Medicine including 10 Departments of Super-specialties, four Departments of dentistry, eleven Departments of Ayurveda and a school of Nursing.
Academics
The institute is affiliated to Banaras Hindu University and offers medical and paramedical courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Admission in BAMS, MBBS and BDS courses is on the basis of merit through NEET. Admission in Nursing courses is through exams conducted on university level. It has 45 departments under three faculties.
Campus
The campus of IMS lies at the front part of university. The campus contains the medical college, the hospital, the student and resident hostels, the staff quarters, a post office, a temple (BHU Vishwanathji), playgrounds and sporting fields. While the hospital section of the campus is typically crowded and busy, the residential part of the campus is quiet and idyllic punctuated with small parks.
Organization
IMS is not under the direct administrative control of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, but under Banaras Hindu University, an autonomous central university. The three functions of the institute are to impart quality education in undergraduate and postgraduate medical and paramedical courses, to be a trend-setter in medical research and to offer patient care of high order.
The institute is headed by the Director as the chief executive charged with responsibility of running the institute and the hospital. The Deans of the faculties help the Director in coordinating academic activities of the institute, including teaching and research. There are 28 academic departments headed by the Heads of the Departments. Ancillary hospital service is under the direct supervision of the Medical Superintendent with the individual units supervised by technical heads.
Rankings
The IMS-BHU was ranked fifth among medical college in India in the National Institutional Ranking Framework 2022, sixth in 2021 by India Today and second in 2021 by Outlook India.
Student life
The campus has three hostels for undergraduate men named Punarvasu Atrey Hostel, Ruiya Medical Hostel and Dhanwntri Hostel, and four hostels for postgraduate men named Old P. G. Hostel, New P.G. Hostel, Sushruta hostel Ruiya Annexe. and Married Doctors Hostel. Undergraduate and postgraduate women live in New Doctors Girls Hostel and Nagarjuna hostel respectively. All hostels run their own messes.
Awards and Medals
Bhagwandas Thakurdas Chandwani Gold Medal is given to the student standing first in MBBS at the IMS-BHU.
Student activities
The inter-collegiate cultural, literary and sports festival of IMS is called Elixir and is held in mid-March every year. Both the undergraduate men's hostels and the undergraduate women's hostel hold annual hostel days.
Notable alumni
Sumita Prabhakar
Sapam Budhichandra Singh
Radha Mohan Das Agarwal
Mohamed Ayub
Ram Harsh Singh
Upgradation
Government of India had decided to upgrade the institute on lines of All India Institute of Medical Sciences as part of phase-1 of Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) whereby the Central Government will bear 80% of the cost of up gradation and 20% cost will be borne by State Government. The up-gradation work is complete.
See also
List of educational institutions in Varanasi
References
External links
Colleges in India
Medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh
Banaras Hindu University
Universities and colleges in Varanasi
Universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh
Universities and colleges established in 1960
1960 establishments in Uttar Pradesh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Medical%20Sciences%2C%20Banaras%20Hindu%20University |
Oriental Brewery or OB () is a South Korean brewery currently owned by AB InBev, and initially founded by Doosan Group.
History
In 1933, Showa Kirin Brewery (Kirin Company) established Oriental Brewery. Oriental Brewery was privatized in 1952. Established by the Doosan Group in 1952, it was purchased by InBev in 1998. In July 2009, it was sold by Anheuser-Busch InBev as the parent company sought to reduce its debt. It was sold to an affiliate of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.. Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB Inbev) has retained the right to purchase OB five years from its sale, at predetermined financial terms. In April 2014, AB Inbev executed its right to repurchase OB. OB became a subsidiary of AB Inbev again. Today OB produces several of Korea's most popular beverages including the OB, Cass and Cafri lager brands. All OB beers are brewed from rice, rather than the malted barley familiar to Western beer drinkers. In March 2001, the company merged Cass Beer (State) with the production capacity of 1,120,000 KLE per year, and produced red rock, OBE, KaprI, Budweiser, etc. In July 2002, it was the first beer industry to obtain the ISO 9001 certification from the Korea Standards Association.
It became a foreign company when it was taken over by Dutch beer company Molte Industries in September 2010 and became a subsidiary of Belgian beer company AB InBev in April 2014.
Brands
OB Golden Lager
The 4th top selling beer in Korea. OB Lager is a pale, 4.4% A.B.V. pale lager available in cans and bottles, and served on draft in Korea. Originally brewed in 1948; the name was changed from OB Lager simply to OB in 2003; the recipe was altered to include rice. The name changed to OB Blue in June 2006 with another slight recipe tweak.
OB Light
It is an OB Lager with 4.2% ABV.
OB Premier Dunkel
Dunkel/Tmavý Style.
OB Premier Pilsner
Rich taste with German noble hop. The premier OB Pilsner. Premium all malt beer. Pale lager style.
OB Premier Weizen
German Hefeweizen style.
Cass Fresh Cold Brewed
A pale-golden pale lager with a 4.5% ABV. Originally brewed by the Cass Brewery, the brand had been taken over by Jinro-Coors, one of the country's leading brewers. After having around 70% of the Korean lager market in the 1980s, by 1994 Cass had fallen behind Hite as Korea's top selling lager. Oriental Brewery bought the Cass brand from Jinro-Coors in 1999 and built it up again, with OB declaring a 51% market share in 2000. In 2007, the higher alcohol Cass Red was introduced. In 2011 Cass Lager became South Korea's number one selling brand, overtaking Hite.
The beer became notable after an endorsement by British celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay who described it as "not pretentious", "easy" and "fresh"; citing it as his preferred beverage with Korean dishes since acquiring a taste for the cuisine 15 years ago. His appearance in several of the beer's adverts caused much derision from viewers who found Ramsay's preference for the beer — which was considered to be poor in quality — offending despite his status as a chef very scrutinizing of his food palate.
Non-alcoholic look-alikes of Cass can be found with brand names such as "Cars" and "Cdss". Some noraebang (singing rooms) establishments have been known to try to pass off these imitations as the real thing, as Korean law prohibits marked as such from selling alcoholic drinks within its premises ( establishments are allowed to sell alcohol).
Cass Light
Cass Light is a low-carb pale lager with 4.0% ABV.
Cass Ice Light
Pale lager style.
Cass 2X
Cass 2X is 2.9% ABV.
Cass Red
A pale lager with 6.9% ABV, this lager contains higher amount of alcohol.
Cass Beats
New from OB since 2015.
Cass Lemon
Refreshing beer containing natural lemon juice. ABV 6.9%. Contains natural lemon juice.
Cass 0.0
Non-alcoholic beer of OB beer.
Cafri
Cafri (ABV 4.2%) is perhaps the lightest of all mainstream Korean beers. It is widely available in clear long-neck bottles but falls behind OB, Cass and Hite in popularity.
Aleston Black Ale
Porter style
Aleston Brown Ale
British style beer. Brewed with noble hops & pale malt.
Bergen bräu
Discount beer brewed by the Oriental Brewery for the Japanese Daiei Supermarket chain. The Korean "Bergen bräu" is not the same as the Belgían "Bergenbräu".
Bergen bräu Neu Welt
Brewed by the Oriental Brewery for the Japanese Daiei Supermarket chain. Korean "Bergen brau" is not to be confused with the Belgium brand "Bergenbräu".
Bergen bräu Zero
A beer with no sugar. Brewed by the Oriental Brewery for the Japanese Daiei Supermarket chain. The Korean Bergen bräu brand is not to be confused with the Bergenbräu from Belgium.
Blue Girl (4.5%)
Alcoholic Contents: 4.5% alc./vol (China). There is also a 5% version which is produced for sale in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan and which is listed separately.
Blue Girl (5.0%)
This is the 5%-Version, sold in HongKong, Macao and Taiwan only. Brewed by/for Jebsen Beer.
Blue Girl Draft
Retired from the market. Jebsen Beer and formerly brewed at Oriental Brewery (AB-InBev)
Dester
Pale Lager.
Dester Gold (100% Malt)
Dester beer brewed with 100% Malt. At the moment only exported to Malaysia and Singapore.
Essential Beer
Pale lager style.
Guam USA Beer Company Island Lager
Guam USA Beer Company Island Lager. Pale lager stye.
Red Rock
Non pasteurized fresh premium red beer. Amber Lager/Vienna Style.
Sonderberg
Pilsner lager beer. Pale lager style.
Suntory The Premium Malt
A deep pilsener beer (ABV 5.5). Original from Suntory Holdings Limited
Global Brands
Budweiser
Budweiser is an American-style pale lager produced by American brewer Anheuser-Busch, which is a part of multinational corporation Anheuser–Busch InBev.
Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, it has grown to become one of the highest selling beers in the United States, and is available in over 80 markets worldwide—though, due to a trademark dispute, does not necessarily do so under the Budweiser name. It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt. Produced in various breweries around the world, Budweiser is a filtered beer available in draft and packaged forms.
Bud Ice
Introduced in 1994 as "Ice by Budweiser", it has more alcohol (5.5% ABV) than Budweiser. It is best known for an advertising campaign that involved a malevolent penguin that stalked Bud Ice drinkers and stole their beer, announcing its presence by singing the "doo-be-doo-be-doo" phrase from "Strangers in the Night".
Hoegaarden
Hoegaarden Brewery is a brewery in Hoegaarden, Belgium, and the producer of a well-known wheat beer.
Beck's
Beck's Brewery, also known as Brauerei Beck & Co., is a brewery in the northern German city of Bremen. In 2001 Interbrew agreed to buy Brauerei Beck for 1.8 billion euro; at that time it was the fourth largest brewer in Germany. Since 2008 it has been part of Anheuser-Busch InBev. US manufacture of Beck's Brew has been based in St. Louis, Missouri since early 2012 but some customers have rebelled against the US market version.
Stella Artois
Stella Artois is a Belgian pilsner lager of between 4.8 and 5.2% ABV which was first brewed by Brouwerij Artois (the Artois Brewery) in Leuven, Belgium, in 1926. Since 2008, a 4% ABV version is sold in Britain, Ireland, Canada and New Zealand. Through a series of mergers, Stella Artois is now ordinarily produced by Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's largest brewer.
Leffe
Leffe is a premium beer brand owned by InBev Belgium, the European operating arm of the global Anheuser–Busch InBev brewery giant. There are several beers in the range, and they are marketed as Abbey beers. They are brewed in large quantities and are widely distributed.
Löwenbräu
Löwenbräu is a brewery in Munich owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev. Its name means "lion's brew" in German. Most Löwenbräu beers are marketed as being brewed according to the Reinheitsgebot, the Bavarian beer purity regulation of 1516.
Corona
Corona Extra is a pale lager produced by Cervecería Modelo in Mexico for domestic distribution and export to all other countries besides the United States, and by Constellation Brands in Mexico for export to the United States. The split ownership is a result of an anti-trust settlement permitting the merger of Grupo Modelo with AB InBev.
The Corona brand is one of the top-selling beers worldwide. Outside Mexico, Corona is commonly served with a wedge of lime or lemon in the neck of the bottle to add tartness and flavor.
In the United States, Corona Extra is the top selling imported beer.
The Hand Malt Beer
Belgian Wit
Belgian Wit is Belgian-Style white ale.
5.0 ABV/ IBU 9
Slow IPA
Slow IPA is a low alcohol India pale ale. It has special favors and aromas. The color of beer is like Corona or Pilsner beer.
4.6 ABV/IBU 40
Mocha Stout
Mocha Stout has coffee flavor beer. It contains chocolate stout wite a creamy head.
5.0 ABV / IBU 28
Extra Special Ale
Extra Special Ale is English style beer. The color of beer is strong orange.
5.7 ABV / IBU 23
Belgian Dubbel
Belgian Dubbel is made by Korean Yeot (it can be called Candy).
7.2 ABV / IBU 21
See also
Korean beer
Korean cuisine
References
External links
OB website
RateBeer
InBev press release
404 Page not found | AB InBev
Beer in South Korea
South Korean brands
InBev brands
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies
Sega Sammy Holdings
South Korean subsidiaries of foreign companies
Beer brands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20Brewery |
was a professional Go player.
Biography
Koyama became a 9 dan in 1971. He played in the Kansai Ki-in. His disciple was Yahata Koichi.
Titles
1937 births
2000 deaths
Japanese Go players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasuo%20Koyama |
Tom Uttech (born 1942) is an American landscape painter and photographer. His inspiration has come from travels to northern Minnesota and the Quetico Provincial Park in Ontario.
Biography
Born in Merrill, Wisconsin, Uttech received a BA from Layton School of Art in Milwaukee in 1965 and an MFA from the University of Cincinnati in 1976. Uttech's primary painting teacher was Guido Brink. After completing his studies, Uttech was a professor of art at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee until 1998. He resides in Saukville, Wisconsin.
Art
Uttech is known for his moody depictions of North American woodlands and animals that inhabit them. Uttech's painting Neiab Nin Nasikodadimin, Bejigwan (Chippewa for "we reunite") in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art is typical of the artist's moody, but slightly stylized, landscapes. Museums in Georgia, Arkansas, Hawaii, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Arizona hold works by Uttech. His gallery exhibition at Alexandre Gallery in New York in 2023 showcased his latest paintings and raised awareness about the decline in wilderness.
References
Further reading
Alexandre Gallery. Tom Uttech: New Paintings. New York: Alexandre Gallery, 2004.
Andrea, Margaret. Magnetic North the Landscapes of Tom Uttech. Milwaukee Art Museum, 2004.
Milwaukee Art Center. Jerome C. Krause and Tom Uttech: Visions from the North Woods. Milwaukee: Milwaukee Art Center, 1977.
Struve Gallery. Tom Uttech. Chicago: Struve Gallery, 1987.
External links
Thomas Martin Uttech in AskArt.com
1942 births
People from Merrill, Wisconsin
20th-century American painters
20th-century American male artists
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
Living people
Painters from Wisconsin
People from Saukville, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Uttech |
is a novella by the Japanese author Kenzaburō Ōe, first published in Japanese in 1972. It has been translated into English by John Nathan and was published in 1977 together with Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness, Prize Stock and Aghwee the Sky Monster. The work deals with themes of militarism and emperor-worship through the reminiscences of an unreliable narrator.
Plot summary
The novella is set in the summer of 1970. It is narrated by a 35-year-old man (like all the characters he is not named) who is lying in hospital waiting to die of liver cancer, although the doctors do not believe that the cancer is real. Early on in the novel, the narrator associates his cancer with the imperial symbols, calling it, "a flourishing bed of yellow hyacinth or possibly chrysanthemums bathed in a faint purple light". He wears a pair of goggles with green cellophane lenses. The story opens with a late-night encounter between the narrator and a "lunatic", resembling both the narrator's father and a Dharma, who appears at the end of his bed. The lunatic asks the narrator what he is, to which he replies "I'm cancer" and throws his nostril clippers at the lunatic.
The remainder of the novel comprises the narrator's recollections of his childhood. The main narrative is periodically interrupted by discussions between the narrator and "the acting executor of the will", who is transcribing the narrator's story. Looking forward to his death, the narrator sings the song, "Happy Days Are Here Again". He fantasises about obtaining revenge on his hated mother by summoning her to attend his death, and in his narrative tries to recreate his earlier "Happy Days" of the latter years of the Second World War.
His first reminiscences, however, are of the immediate postwar years, in which he was ostracised by the other children for his poverty and "animal violence". He was caught and humiliated by his mother while attempting to commit suicide. He also remembers that by the end of the war he had picked up that his mother's real father had been executed for participating in a revolt against the emperor in 1912. She had then been adopted by a nationalist family working in China. There she met her future husband, who brought her to the village.
The narrator's father was 'associated with the military', and was part of an anti-Tojo movement in the Kanto Army to promote General Ishiwara; after the plan failed, he returned to the village on New Year's Day 1943 and shut himself up in the storehouse. There he wore the goggles later used by the narrator and used headphones to listen to a radio. The narrator's parents broke off contact with one another after the father's son by his first marriage deserted from the Japanese army in Manchuria. Both parents sent telegrams to contacts in the army: the mother to help her stepson escape, and the father to preserve the family honour by having him shot. The son was shot. The mother claimed the ashes, and thereafter referred to her husband only as ano hito (あの人) — "that man", or "a certain party".
The narrator describes the time spent with his father in the storehouse after this breach as the first "Happy Days" of his life. They culminated in an attempted revolt led by his father on 16 August 1945, the day after the end of the war. The plan was to kill the emperor (to "accomplish what your father tried and failed to do", as the narrator's father said to his wife), and to blame the act on the Americans, thereby preventing the country's surrender.
The father takes his son with him and his co-conspirators as he leaves the valley. The group sing the closing chorale from Bach's cantata Ich will den Kreuzstab gerne tragen, BWV 56, "Komm, o Tod, du Schlafes Bruder, Komm und führe mich nur fort" (Come, O death, brother of sleep, come and lead me forth). Another line from the same cantata is: "Da wischt mir die Tränen mein Heiland selbst ab" (My saviour himself shall wipe my tears away). The father tells his son that the words mean that the emperor will wipe their tears away.
The plot is a failure, and the conspirators are all killed (in the narrator's opinion, "very likely" by American agents in disguise). At the moment of his father's death, he recalls that he saw, "high in the sky... a shining gold chrysanthemum against a vast background of purple light... the light from that flower irradiated his Happy Days". By the time he reaches this part of the story, however, his mother has arrived at the hospital, and it is she who wipes away the tears he sheds. She recalls that her son only survived the massacre of the conspirators because he had already run away. The "acting executor of the will" agrees with the mother, and from her words it appears that she is the narrator's wife.
Confronted with his mother's version of events, the narrator retreats further into his own world. He wears a set of earphones as well as the goggles, and listens to a recording of the cantata while singing "Happy Days". He imagines himself back at the moment of his father's death, crawling towards a father figure so that, "his blood and his tears will be wiped away".
Response
John Nathan, in the introduction to his 1977 translation of the work, calls it, "Oe's most difficult and disturbing work to date". Like other commentators, he sees the novel as a response to, and parody of, the militarism of Yukio Mishima, whose failed coup and suicide had taken place in 1970, the same year in which Oe sets his story. He ascribes its power to the tension between the "anger and longing" which he finds in the author's work. Susan Napier expands on this interpretation, seeing the narrator as feeling the desire to escape from his adult responsibilities back into childhood, and feeling resentment towards his mother who prevents him from doing so.
The difficulty of the novel can be ascribed to a series of disruptive narrative techniques. Episodes are related out of order, repeated and altered in each re-telling. Oe also blurs the distinctions between the different characters, by the fluid use of pronouns and the omission of quotation marks.
Oe uses the discussions between the narrator and the executor (towards the end, including contributions from the narrator's mother) to include criticism of the main narrative within the story. The executor asks about parts of the story omitted by the narrator, and suggests that he is hiding "unpleasant memories... creating the bloated feeling" Her comments also prompt observations from the narrator on his own story: when she questions his continual use of the term "a certain party" instead of "father", he responds that, "To make someone sound like an imaginary figure can be a way of debasing him, but it can also be a way of exalting him into a kind of idol". Michiko Wilson amplifies this latter point, arguing that this terminology furthers the identification of the father with the emperor, as he is traditionally not referred to by name.
The identification of the father with the emperor is only one of several archetypes which Wilson finds in the relationship between the father and the narrator: as well as emperor-subject, there are references to God-Christ and Don Quixote-Sancho Panza. Beyond the obvious satirical intent, she argues that these overlapping references are part of Oe's strategy of defamiliarisation, through which the reader is forced to look at events through fresh eyes. Another element of this strategy is the use of counter-intuitive contrasting pairs within the family: the small boy looks after his obese father; the mother tries to save her stepson, while the father tries to kill him; the son hates his mother, and (in the narrator's view) vice versa.
Napier argues that the satirical aspect of the work is not completely effective. She notes the difficulty of having one narrator recount both his own romantic delusion and the sordid reality which undermines it, and comments that, "by having one narrative voice encapsulating both, [Oe] creates an ambivalent final impression".
References
1972 novels
20th-century Japanese novels
Novels by Kenzaburō Ōe
Japanese novellas
Fiction set in 1970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Day%20He%20Himself%20Shall%20Wipe%20My%20Tears%20Away |
Mabel Collins (9 September 1851 – 31 March 1927) was a British theosophist and author of over 46 books.
Life
Collins was born in St Peter Port, Guernsey. She was a writer of popular occult novels, a fashion writer and an anti-vivisection campaigner.
In 1909 she wrote a political play called Outlawed with Alice Chapin. Chapin was an American born actress who was an active suffragette. By the time it was produced at the Court Theatre in November 1911 Chapin was a convicted criminal for her militancy.
Gossip
Aleister Crowley claimed that Vittoria Cremers had suggested that Collins was at one time being romantically pursued by both Cremers and alleged occultist Robert Donston Stephenson. Cremers supposedly claimed that during this time she found five blood-soaked ties in a trunk under Stephenson's bed, corresponding to the five murders committed in Whitechapel by Jack the Ripper.
Works
Light on the Path (1885)
The Prettiest Woman in Warsaw (1885)
Through the Gates of Gold (1887)
The Blossom and the Fruit (1887)
The Idyll of the White Lotus (1890)
Morial the Mahatma (1892)
Suggestion (1892)
Juliet’s Lovers (1893)
The Story of the Year (1895)
The Star Sapphire (1896)
A Cry From Afar (1905)
Loves Chaplet (1905)
Fragments of Thought and Life (1908)
Outlawed (1909) with Alice Chapin - a play staged in 1911
When the Sun Moves Northward (1912)
The Transparent Jewel (1913)
The Story of Sensa (1913) (A mystery play in three acts adapted from The Idyll of the White Lotus).
As the Flower Grows (1915)
See also
Mabel Collins as fiction writer
References
External links
Mabel Collins biography
Mabel Collins' theosophical works
Mabel Collins on the Mystical Site www.mysticism.nl
1851 births
1927 deaths
British Theosophists
Guernsey women
Women mystics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel%20Collins |
The internal classification of the Romance languages is a complex and sometimes controversial topic which may not have one single answer. Several classifications have been proposed, based on different criteria.
Attempts at classifying Romance languages
Difficulties of classification
The comparative method used by linguists to build family language trees is based on the assumption that the member languages evolved from a single proto-language by a sequence of binary splits, separated by many centuries. With that hypothesis, and the glottochronological assumption that the degree of linguistic change is roughly proportional to elapsed time, the sequence of splits can be deduced by measuring the differences between the members.
However, the history of Romance languages, as we know it, makes the first assumption rather problematic. While the Roman Empire lasted, its educational policies and the natural mobility of its soldiers and administrative officials probably ensured some degree of linguistic homogeneity throughout its territory. Even if there were differences between the Vulgar Latin spoken in different regions, it is doubtful whether there were any sharp boundaries between the various dialects. On the other hand, after the Empire's collapse, the population of Latin speakers was separated—almost instantaneously, by the standards of historical linguistics—into a large number of politically independent states and feudal domains whose populations were largely bound to the land. These units then interacted, merged and split in various ways over the next fifteen centuries, possibly influenced by languages external to the family (as in the so-called Balkan language area).
In summary, the history of Latin and Romance-speaking peoples can hardly be described by a binary branching pattern; therefore, one may argue that any attempt to fit the Romance languages into a tree structure is inherently flawed. In this regard, the genealogical structure of languages forms a typical linkage.
On the other hand, the tree structure may be meaningfully applied to any subfamilies of Romance whose members did diverge from a common ancestor by binary splits. That may be the case, for example, of the dialects of Spanish and Portuguese spoken in different countries, or the regional variants of spoken standard Italian (but not the so-called "Italian dialects", which are distinct languages that evolved directly from Vulgar Latin).
The standard proposal
Nevertheless, by applying the comparative method, some linguists have concluded that the earliest split in the Romance family tree was between Sardinian and the remaining group, called Continental Romance. Among the many peculiar Sardinian distinguishing features are its articles (derived from Latin IPSE instead of ILLE) and retention of the "hard" sounds of "c" and "g" before "e" and "i". This view is challenged in part by the existence of definite articles continuing forms (e.g. sa mar 'the sea') in some varieties of Catalan, best known as typical of Balearic dialects.
According to this view, the next split was between Romanian in the east, and the other languages (the Italo-Western languages) in the west. One of the characteristic features of Romanian is its retention of three of Latin's seven noun cases. The third major split was more evenly divided, between the Italian branch, which comprises many languages spoken in the Italian Peninsula, and the Gallo-Iberian branch.
Another proposal
However, this is not the only view. Another common classification begins by splitting the Romance languages into two main branches, East and West. The East group includes Romanian, the languages of Corsica and Sardinia, and all languages of Italy south of a line through the cities of Rimini and La Spezia (see La Spezia–Rimini Line). Languages in this group are said to be more conservative, i.e. they retained more features of the original Latin.
The West group split into a Gallo-Romance group, which became the Oïl languages (including French), Gallo-Italian, Occitan, Franco-Provençal and Romansh, and an Iberian Romance group which became Spanish and Portuguese.
The wave hypothesis
Linguists like Jean-Pierre Chambon claim that the various regional languages did not evolve in isolation from their neighbours; on the contrary, they see many changes propagating from the more central regions (Italy and France) towards the periphery (Iberian Peninsula and Romania). These authors see the Romance family as a linkage rather than a tree-like family, and insist that the Wave model is better suited than the Tree model for representing the history of Romance.
Degree of separation from Latin
In a study by linguist Mario Pei (1949), the degrees of phonological modification of vowels of the Romance languages with respect to the ancestral Latin were found to be as follows
Sardinian: 8%
Italian: 12%
Spanish: 20%
Romanian: 23.5%
Occitan: 25%
Portuguese: 31%
French: 44%
Some major linguistic features differing among Romance languages
Part of the difficulties met in classifying Romance languages is due to the seemingly messy distribution of linguistic innovations across members of the Romance family. While this is a problem for followers of the dominant Tree model, this is in fact a characteristic typical of linkages and dialect continuums generally: this has been an argument for approaching this family with the tools based on the Wave model, including dialectology and Historical glottometry.
What follows is a sample of some significant linguistic traits (innovations since Vulgar Latin) that run across the Romance linkage.
The differences among Romance languages occur at all levels, including the sound systems, the orthography, the nominal, verbal, and adjectival inflections, the auxiliary verbs and the semantics of verbal tenses, the function words, the rules for subordinate clauses, and, especially, in their vocabularies. While most of those differences are clearly due to independent development after the breakup of the Roman Empire (including invasions and cultural exchanges), one must also consider the influence of prior languages in territories of Latin Europe that fell under Roman rule, and possible heterogeneity in Vulgar Latin itself.
Romanian, together with other related languages, like Aromanian, has a number of grammatical features which are unique within Romance, but are shared with other non-Romance languages of the Balkans, such as Albanian, Bulgarian, Greek, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian and Turkish. These include, for example, the structure of the vestigial case system, the placement of articles as suffixes of the nouns ( = "sky", = "the sky"), and several more. This phenomenon, called the Balkan language area, may be due to contacts between those languages in post-Roman times.
Formation of plurals
Some Romance languages form plurals by adding (derived from the plural of the Latin accusative case), while others form the plural by changing the final vowel (by influence of Latin nominative plural endings, such as ) from some masculine nouns.
Plural in : Portuguese, Galician, Spanish, Catalan, Occitan, Sardinian, Friulian, Romansh.
Special case of French: Falls into the first group historically (and orthographically), but the final -s is no longer pronounced (except in liaison contexts), meaning that singular and plural nouns are usually homophonous in isolation. Many determiners have a distinct plural formed by both changing the vowel and allowing in liaison.
Vowel change: Italian, Neapolitan, Sicilian, Romanian.
Words for "more"
Some Romance languages use a version of Latin plus, others a version of magis.
Plus-derived: French , Italian , Sardinian , Piedmontese , Lombard , Ligurian , Neapolitan , Friulian , Romansh , Venetian . In Catalan is exclusively used on negative statements in Mallorcan Catalan dialect, and "" is the word mostly used.
Magis-derived: Galician and Portuguese (; medieval Galician-Portuguese had both words: mais and chus), Spanish (), Catalan (), Venetian ( or , "too much") Occitan (), Romanian ().
Words for "nothing"
Although the Classical Latin word for "nothing" is , the common word for "nothing" became in Italian (from neuter plural nulla, "no thing", or from nulla res; Italian also has the word ""), in Sardinian, in Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician (from (rem) natam, "thing born"; Galician also has the word ""), in French, in Catalan, and in Aragonese, in Occitan (from rem, "thing", or else from nominative res), in Romanian, in Romansh, in Venetian and Piedmontese, and in Lombard, and and in Friulian. Some argue that most roots derive from different parts of a Latin phrase nullam rem natam ("no thing born"), an emphatic idiom for "nothing". Meanwhile, Italian and Venetian niente and gnente would seem to be more logically derived from Latin ne(c) entem ("no being"), ne inde or, more likely, ne(c) (g)entem, which also explains the French cognate word néant. The Piedmontese negative adverb nen also comes directly from ne(c) (g)entem, while gnente is borrowed from Italian.
The number 16
Romanian constructs the names of the numbers 11–19 by a regular Slavic-influenced pattern that could be translated as "one-over-ten", "two-over-ten", etc. All the other Romance languages use a pattern like "one-ten", "two-ten", etc. for 11–15, and the pattern "ten-and-seven, "ten-and-eight", "ten-and-nine" for 17–19. For 16, however, they split into two groups: some use "six-ten", some use "ten-and-six":
"Sixteen": Italian sedici, Catalan and Occitan setze, French seize, Venetian sédexe, Romansh sedesch, Friulian sedis, Lombard sedas / sedes, Franco-Provençal sèze, Sardinian sèighi, Piedmontese sëddes (sëddes is borrowed from Lombard and replaced the original sëzze since the 18th century, such as the numbers from 11 to 16, onze but now óndes, dose but now dódes, trëzze but now tërdes, quatòrze but now quatòrdes, quinze but now quìndes).
"Ten and six": Portuguese dezasseis or dezesseis, Galician dezaseis (decem ac sex), Spanish dieciséis (Romance construction: diez y seis), the Marchigiano dialect digissei.
"Six over ten": Romanian șaisprezece (where spre derives from Latin super).
Classical Latin uses the "one-ten" pattern for 11–17 (ūndecim, duodecim, ... , septendecim), but then switches to "two-off-twenty" (duodēvigintī) and "one-off-twenty" (ūndēvigintī). For the sake of comparison, note that many of the Germanic languages use two special words derived from "one left over" and "two left over" for 11 and 12, then the pattern "three-ten", "four-ten", ... , "nine-ten" for 13–19.
To have and to hold
The verbs derived from Latin habēre "to have", tenēre "to hold", and esse "to be" are used differently in the various Romance languages, to express possession, to construct perfect tenses, and to make existential statements ("there is"). If we use T for tenēre, H for habēre, and E for esse, we have the following distribution:
HHE: Romanian, Italian, Gallo-Italic languages.
HHH: Occitan, French, Romansh, Sardinian.
THH: Spanish, Catalan, Aragonese.
T-H/T-T: Portuguese.
For example:
Ancient Galician-Portuguese used to employ the auxiliary H for permanent states, such as Eu hei um nome "I have a name" (i.e. for all my life), and T for non-permanent states Eu tenho um livro "I have a book" (i.e. perhaps not so tomorrow), but this construction is no longer used in modern Galician and Portuguese. Portuguese also uses the T verb even in the existential sense, e.g. Tem água no copo "There is water in the glass". Sardinian employs both H and E for existential statements, with different degrees of determination.
Languages that have not grammaticalised *tenēre have kept it with its original sense "hold", e.g. Italian tieni il libro, French tu tiens le livre, Romanian ține cartea, Friulian Tu tu tegnis il libri "You're holding the book". The meaning of "hold" is also retained to some extent in Spanish and Catalan.
Romansh uses, besides igl ha, the form i dat (literally: it gives), calqued from German es gibt.
To have or to be
Some languages use their equivalent of 'have' as an auxiliary verb to form the compound forms (e. g. French passé composé) of all verbs; others use 'be' for some verbs and 'have' for others.
'have' only: Standard Catalan, Spanish, Romanian, Sicilian.
'have' and 'be': Occitan, French, Sardinian, Italian, Northern-Italian languages (Piedmontese, Lombard, Ligurian, Venetian, Friulan), Romansh, Central Italian languages (Tuscan, Umbrian, Corsican) some Catalan dialects (although such usage is recessing in those).
In the latter type, the verbs which use 'be' as an auxiliary are unaccusative verbs, that is, intransitive verbs that often show motion not directly initiated by the subject or changes of state, such as 'fall', 'come', 'become'. All other verbs (intransitive unergative verbs and all transitive verbs) use 'have'. For example, in French, J'ai vu or Italian ho visto 'I have seen' vs. Je suis tombé, sono caduto 'I have (lit. am) fallen'. Note, however, the difference between French and Italian in the choice of auxiliary for the verb 'be' itself: Fr. J'ai été 'I have been' with 'have', but Italian sono stato with 'be'. In Southern Italian languages the principles governing auxiliaries can be quite complex, including even differences in persons of the subject. A similar distinction exists in the Germanic languages, which share a language area; German and the Scandinavian languages use 'have' and 'be', while modern English now uses 'have' only (although 'be' remains in certain relic phrases: Christ is risen, Joy to the world: the Lord is come).
"Be" is also used for reflexive forms of the verbs, as in French j'ai lavé 'I washed [something]', but je me suis lavé 'I washed myself', Italian ho lavato 'I washed [something]' vs. mi sono lavato 'I washed myself'.
Tuscan uses si forms identical to the 3rd person reflexive in a usage interpreted as 'we' subject, triggering 'be' as auxiliary in compound constructions, with the subject pronoun noi 'we' optional. If the verb employed is one that otherwise selects 'have' as auxiliary, the past participle is unmarked: si è lavorato = abbiamo lavorato 'we (have) worked'. If the verb is one that otherwise selects 'be', the past participle is marked plural: si è arrivati = siamo arrivati 'we (have) arrived'.
References
Chambon, Jean-Pierre. 2011. Note sur la diachronie du vocalisme accentué en istriote/istroroman et sur la place de ce groupe de parlers au sein de la branche romane. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 106.1: 293-303.
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Notes
Romance languages
Romance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20Romance%20languages |
RAF Rudloe Manor, formerly RAF Box, was a Royal Air Force station north-east of Bath, England, between the settlements of Box and Corsham, in Wiltshire. It was one of several military installations in the area and covered three dispersed sites. Parts of the site are now used by Defence Digital within the MoD Corsham complex; other areas are vacant and some have been sold, including the 17th-century manor house, Rudloe Manor.
Second World War
The station was established on top of quarries from which Bath stone had been extracted. In the 1930s some of the tunnels had been converted for use as a Central Ammunition Depot. The vast caverns had some of space, divided into many smaller chambers.
During the Second World War, the Operations Centre of No. 10 Group RAF was housed there in three buildings (Operations Room, Filter Room and Communications Centre), which were partially buried for protection, in a similar way to buildings for No. 9 Group at RAF Barton Hall, No. 11 Group RAF at RAF Uxbridge, No. 12 Group RAF at RAF Watnall, No. 13 Group RAF at RAF Newcastle and No. 14 Group RAF at Raigmore House in Inverness.
Operations room
The operations room, responsible for directing RAF aircraft in the No. 10 Group area, was initially established in a block adjacent to the manor house in June 1940. The area covered by No. 10 Group encompassed South West England and South Wales. Later in the year the operations room was relocated into the north end of an underground bunker in Browns Quarry. The operations room became disused in May 1945 when No. 10 Group was disbanded.
Filter room
The Filter Room, responsible for filtering large quantities of intelligence on enemy activity before it was passed to the operations room, was located in the south end of the underground bunker in Browns Quarry and became operational in 1940. The filter room became disused in May 1945 when No. 10 Group was disbanded. Eileen Younghusband, who served in various filter rooms, recounted her experiences at Rudloe Manor in her 2011 memoir, One Woman's War.
The Communications centre was located in the west part of the underground bunker in Browns Quarry. The members of the Women's Auxiliary Air Force who staffed the underground bunker were billeted at nearby Hartham Park.
Units
RAF units using the site were:
Post-war
RAF Rudloe Manor is known as "Britain's Area 51" since declassified secret files released at the National Archives indicated the site was the centre for UFO investigations in the 1950s.
The wider site continued as both a communications hub and home of various administrative units. No.1 Signals Unit was established to manage all UK terrestrial communications infrastructure for the RAF. With the launch of the UK Satellite Communications System, Skynet, in the late 1960s, the site of Controller Defence Communications Network (CDCN) was established. A spacecraft operations centre was established by 1001 Signals Unit, the spacecraft operations organisation, on a small enclave within the site, known as Hawthorn.
The headquarters of the RAF Provost and Security Service was established nearby, although on the closure of the station it moved to RAF Henlow.
RAF Rudloe Manor was the location of Headquarters Southern Area Royal Observer Corps (ROC) from 1952 until 1980, when it was relocated to Lansdown near Bath. Co-located with the ROC was Headquarters Southern Sector United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation, responsible for the now-defunct four-minute warning in the event of nuclear attack during the Cold War.
The site was adjacent to Basil Hill Barracks, the headquarters of No. 2 Signal Brigade, HMS Royal Arthur and the Royal Naval Stores Depot (RNSD) Copenacre.
Closure
The RAF station was closed in 2000. The Defence Communication Services Agency (DCSA) took responsibility for the sites, subsequently reorganising into the Information Systems & Services cluster in 2008.
Manor house
The manor house known as Rudloe Manor is adjacent to the northern outpost of the site, north of the A4 road at . The house dates from the 13th century and was rebuilt c.1685. It was designated as Grade II* listed in 1985 along with a 12th century Tithe Barn to the south-west and 17th century entrance way, both Grade II listed.
In 2021, Rudloe Manor was sold into private ownership and restoration work was undertaken.
See also
Corsham Computer Centre
MoD Corsham
References
Specific
General
Further reading
Good, Timothy. Above Top Secret: The Worldwide UFO Cover-up, William Morrow Books,
Campbell, Duncan. War Plan UK,
External links
RAF Rudloe Manor (site 1) photos taken in May 2009
Rudloe Manor
Battle of Britain
Corsham | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Rudloe%20Manor |
Bacchus and Ariadne (1522–1523) is an oil painting by Titian. It is one of a cycle of paintings on mythological subjects produced for Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, for the Camerino d'Alabastro – a private room in his palazzo in Ferrara decorated with paintings based on classical texts. An advance payment was given to Raphael, who originally held the commission for the subject of a Triumph of Bacchus.
At the time of Raphael's death in 1520, only a preliminary drawing was completed. The commission was then handed to Titian. In the case of Bacchus and Ariadne, the subject matter was derived from the Roman poets Catullus and Ovid.
The painting, considered one of Titian's greatest works, now hangs in the National Gallery in London. The other major paintings in the cycle are The Feast of the Gods, mostly by Giovanni Bellini, now in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C, and Titian's The Bacchanal of the Andrians and The Worship of Venus, both now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid.
Description
Ariadne has been left on the island of Naxos, deserted by her lover Theseus, whose ship sails away to the far left. She is discovered on the shore by the god Bacchus, leading a procession of revelers in a chariot drawn by two cheetahs. These were probably modelled on those in the Duke's menagerie and were tigers in Ovid's original text. Bacchus is depicted in mid-air as he leaps out of the chariot to protect Ariadne from these beasts. In the sky above the figure of Ariadne is the star constellation Corona Borealis, Northern crown.
There are two possible variations of the story both going back to Ovid. In his Metamorphoses, Ovid has Bacchus throw the crown of Ariadne into the sky where it becomes the constellation Northern Crown. In Ars Amatoria, Bacchus promises the entire sky to Ariadne where she then would become the constellation Northern Crown.
The National Gallery's website states that in the painting, "Bacchus, god of wine, emerges with his followers from the landscape to the right. Falling in love with Ariadne on first sight, he leaps from his chariot, drawn by two cheetahs, towards her. Ariadne had been abandoned on the Greek island of Naxos by Theseus, whose ship is shown in the distance. The picture shows her initial fear of Bacchus, but he raised her to heaven and turned her into a constellation, represented by the stars above her head."
The composition is divided diagonally into two triangles, one of blue sky, using the expensive ultramarine pigment, and still but for the two lovers caught in movement, the other a riot of movement and predominantly green/brown in colour. The follower of Bacchus who struggles with a snake is sometimes falsely associated with the antique sculpture of Laocoön and His Sons who had been killed by snakes. This statue had recently been discovered in Rome. But the satyr in Titian's painting is not in a mortal combat with the snakes, he is merely girding himself with them as is described in the original text by Catullus. The King Charles Spaniel that barks at the boy satyr is a common motif in Titian's work and was probably a court pet. The gold urn inscribed with the artist's signature (TICIANVS) may also have been familiar to the Duke as one of the antiquities in his collection.
The analysis of pigments used by Titian in this painting has been undertaken by scientists at the National Gallery in London and this analysis is illustrated at ColourLex.
Restoration
The canvas on which Bacchus and Ariadne is painted was rolled up twice in the first century of its existence, which had consequences for the painting. From the turn of the 19th century onwards it was frequently being restored to stop paint from flaking off, with the most controversial restoration being that carried out at the National Gallery between 1967 and 1968. This greatly brightened the surface of the painting, and came as something of a shock to many viewers, used to a heavy varnish finish. When discoloured varnish lying directly on top of the paint surface was removed, some of the paint itself came off as well and repainting was necessary.
This has caused some critics to note that the expanse of blue sky on the left-hand side, one of the worst-affected areas of the painting, appears flat and pallid. It has also been argued that the removal of the varnish has left the painting tonally out of balance, since Titian is likely to have added some subtle glazes to the paint surface in order to tone down some of the more jarring colors. The National Gallery maintains that this was an unavoidable loss, because the accrued layers of later varnish had turned the painting brown and sludgy and had to be removed. More recent examination has confirmed that the paint remains largely original.
Other paintings
There are many other paintings of the subject in museum collections, including the following:
Giovan Battista Pittoni (1720–1725), in the Louvre
Guido Reni (Los Angeles)
Ferdinand Bol, Hermitage Museum
Eustache Le Sueur, Boston MFA
Sebastiano Ricci, Chiswick House
Jacopo Tintoretto, Bacchus, Venus and Ariadne, Doge's Palace, Venice.
A copy of Titian's painting by Nicolas Poussin is part of the collection at Alnwick Castle.
References in other media
John Keats alluded to this painting (which was brought to England in 1806) in his "Ode to a Nightingale" ("Away! away! for I will fly to thee, Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards") and in "Lamia" ("Upon her crest she wore a wannish fire/Sprinkled with stars, like Ariadne's tiar").
Letitia Elizabeth Landon reviews this work in her poem "Bacchus and Ariadne", first published in 1822, as a "Dramatic Scene", being a dialogue between Leonardi and Alvine.
The painting was the basis for the cover of the 1993 album God Shuffled His Feet by rock band Crash Test Dummies.
The Indonesian composer Ananda Sukarlan has made a musical work for flute and piano, "Rescuing Ariadne" after being inspired by Titian's painting in the National Gallery of London.
In her novel Misalliance, Anita Brookner alludes to Titian's painting and depicts the encounter between Ariadne and Bacchus as an "ecstatic moment of recognition [...], so immediate that Bacchus' foot has not had time to touch the ground as he leaps from his chariot, so shocking that Ariadne flings up a hand protest."
See also
List of works by Titian
Notes
References
External links
National Gallery page
High definition image on Google art
Patrick Hunt, Titian's BACCHUS AND ARIADNE (1520–23) from Classical Art and Literature
Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, ColourLex.com
Mapping Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, Provenance of the painting on a map
1523 paintings
Paintings by Titian in the National Gallery, London
Paintings of Bacchus
Paintings commissioned for the camerini d'alabastro
Paintings depicting Greek myths
Dogs in paintings by Titian
Cats in art
Water in art
Paintings based on Metamorphoses
Mythological paintings by Titian
Ariadne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacchus%20and%20Ariadne |
was a Japanese professional Go player.
Biography
Kubouchi became a professional 9-dan in 1960 for the Kansai Ki-in. His teacher was Katsukiyo Kubomatsu. He died in January 2020, a few days short of his one hundredth birthday.
Titles
See also
International Go Federation
List of Go organizations
List of professional Go tournaments
References
1920 births
2020 deaths
Japanese Go players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuchi%20Kubouchi |
Carson's Comedy Classics is a stripped half-hour syndicated television show that was first released to U.S. television stations in 1985.
The program was made from segments and sketches taken from the first 20 years of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962-1982). Johnny Carson's full tenure on the program, which originally aired on the NBC Television Network, was from 1962 to 1992. The series is narrated by Ed McMahon, who, as a voiceover, introduces the program and each of the segments.
The series was one of the results of Carson coming to terms with NBC on a contract extension in 1981. In exchange for his continued services, Carson received ownership of the show, including the rights to the entire extant archive of his hosting span. Carson's Comedy Classics was one of the most immediate ways Carson cashed in on his product; he and his staff created a clip show consisting of highlights from the 20 years of The Tonight Show Carson had hosted up to that point and sold the rights to Columbia Pictures Television for $26 million.
When Carson would have his annual Tonight Show Anniversary Show in prime time on NBC, the anniversary shows were mainly flashback clip shows, and it was usually the same vintage sketches which got the showcase on the shows (examples being Ed Ames' classic miffed tomahawk throw from 1965, Carson and Jack Webb doing a sketch about Copper Clappers from 1968, and John Twomey playing "Stars and Stripes Forever" with his hands from 1974; later anniversary shows would feature stand-up comedians, new sketches and clips from the previous year of Tonight Shows). The popularity of the anniversary shows helped lead to the creation of Carson's Comedy Classics, which is essentially a classic clip show edited down to a half an hour. Carson's Comedy Classics showed that there were many other classic sketches and segments that had rarely if ever been seen between the original airing and 1982-1983 (when the show was put into production). Many of the sketches and segments in Carson's Comedy Classics have never been released on DVD either.
Each segment was carefully edited to avoid any reference to "The Tonight Show" or "NBC" (as NBC was, then as now, the owner of the Tonight Show trademark). Recurring segments were classic Carnac the Magnificent, Aunt Blabby, Floyd R. Turbo, Stump The Band, Tea Time Movie and other sketches as well as vintage and memorable bits with animal trainers Jim Fowler and Joan Embery and the animals they brought on The Tonight Show. There are also moments where there are segments where Carson would do an activity, like learning karate (he broke a plywood board with his head on one episode), gymnastics, or volleyball, and even trying to start a campfire in a race to do so spearheaded by some Boy Scouts. Many clips also showcase celebrities with Carson, usually in sketches; George C. Scott, Juliet Prowse, Bob Hope and Don Rickles among others. The Tonight Show stock regulars who were unknowns but may have had a few lines here and there in certain sketches were referred to as The Carson Comedy Players in the opening credits of Carson's Comedy Classics (longtime Tonight Show stalwart Carol Wayne also appears in many Tea Time Movie sketches). And of course, Ed McMahon, who was Carson's sidekick and announcer, and stayed with Johnny for Carson's entire Tonight Show run (1962-1992), is prominently featured in Carson's Comedy Classics. McMahon also narrates the opening credits on the program as well. Final credits in each episode give mention to the staff of The Tonight Show and the producers and staff of Carson's Comedy Classics separately.
The programs themselves have no real running order to them, and thus could be broadcast in any order chosen by the station, usually late in the evening.
The program was produced and directed by Kenneth J. Koerner for Carson Productions and syndicated by Columbia Pictures Television.
Other appearances
Family Channel aired reruns of the show during its late-afternoon/early-evening and midnight time slots from October 1, 1996 until September 27, 1997. Family Channel censored certain segments that contained racial, sexually lewd or "gay" jokes. This would often be noticeable when scenes "flip". This would happen mostly during the 'Carnac' segments when certain questions or "curses" would be censored by Family Channel.
In Australia, the show aired on the Nine Network throughout the 1980s and 1990s in various timeslots. Since then, reruns have aired on FOX Classics.
In 2008, the Chicago-based TV station Me-Too (WMEU-CA) began to air the show late at night. As of January 1, 2009, the station no longer airs the show.
Since the summer of 2009, ReelzChannel has aired reruns of the show in the 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM ET Monday through Friday morning block. Reruns have also aired on Comcast's Video on Demand.
Pop culture
In The Simpsons episode "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious," Krusty the Clown hosted a similarly named program, the Krusty Komedy Klassic, live at the Apollo Theater. He is promptly booed by the audience for having the show's initials, KKK, prominently displayed on the stage.
References
External links
1983 American television series debuts
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
Television series by Carson Productions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson%27s%20Comedy%20Classics |
Frederick James Arthur Cox DFC (1 November 1920 – 7 August 1973) was an English football player and manager. Playing as a winger, he scored 25 goals from 182 appearances in the Football League either side of the Second World War, and was on the winning side for Arsenal in the 1950 FA Cup Final. He then spent 14 years as a manager at Football League level.
During the war, he served as a fighter pilot in the Royal Air Force, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Life and career
Cox was born in Reading, Berkshire. He played for St George's Lads Club before joining Tottenham Hotspur as a youngster. Cox took his first steps in senior football with Spurs' nursery club, the Kent-based Northfleet United, in 1936, before turning professional with Tottenham in August 1938. A tricky and talented winger who usually played on the right, he made his first-team debut in a Second Division match against Swansea Town in November 1938, scoring Spurs' goal in a 1–1 draw. However, soon after he broke into the first team, the Second World War broke out and all competitive football was suspended.
Cox served as a fighter pilot in the Royal Air Force, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. In his spare time he made guest appearances for his hometown club, Reading, and for Swindon Town.
After the war, Cox returned to Spurs for another three seasons, taking his totals to 18 goals from 105 appearances in Football League and FA Cup. He then moved to their north London rivals, Arsenal, for £12,000 in September 1949.
Cox made his Arsenal debut straight away, on 7 September 1949 against West Bromwich Albion, and became an immediate regular in the side. His efforts were most evident in the FA Cup. In the semi-final, against Chelsea, Cox scored the first goal in a 2–2 draw, and went on to score the only goal in Arsenal's 1–0 victory in the replay. In the final, against Liverpool, he laid on a cross for Reg Lewis to score the only goal of the match, winning the Cup for Arsenal. Two years later, Arsenal again played Chelsea in the FA Cup semi-finals, and again Cox proved crucialhe scored Arsenal's goal in a 1–1 draw, and in the replay he scored twice and set up a third as Arsenal ran out 3–0 winners. However, the 1952 final was not to be a repeat of two years earlier; against Newcastle United, an injury-ravaged Arsenal side played most of the match with ten men after Walley Barnes was stretchered off, and lost 1–0.
Despite his cup exploits, Cox was never an ever-present in the Arsenal side; he first faced competition from Ian McPherson for the right-wing spot, and then from the talented youngster Arthur Milton. After only appearing in nine matches in the 1952–53 season, in which Arsenal won the First Division title, he sought pastures new and was transferred to West Bromwich Albion as player-coach. In all he played 94 matches for Arsenal in League and Cup, scoring 16 goals.
Cox only played four matches for West Brom, and at the end of the 1953–54 season was appointed as team coach by manager Vic Buckingham. In 1956 he moved on to Third Division South club Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic to become manager. Bournemouth fared reasonably steadily in the league, and pulled off a giant-killing feat in beating Wolverhampton Wanderers and Spurs in the 1956–57 FA Cup to reach the sixth round, in which they lost to Manchester United. In 1958 he moved along the coast to become Portsmouth's manager; here he was less successful as Portsmouth were relegated from the First Division in his first season, and Cox was sacked in February 1961. He is commonly regarded as being Portsmouth's worst ever manager, and during his tenure the club steeply declined from the top half of the First Division to relegation to the Third Division.
After a spell out of football while he established his newsagents' business, Cox took up the reins at Fourth Division Gillingham in 1962. He had an immediate impact, taking a side that had finished 20th the previous season up to 5th place, missing out on promotion on goal average. Cox's Gillingham team became renowned for their defensive discipline and unadventurous style, and the following season, 1963–64, they finished top and won promotion to the Third Division. The next season they started well and looked set to win a second successive promotion before slumping late on and finishing seventh. Cox resigned just before Christmas 1965 and rejoined his old club Bournemouth, who were also in the Third Division. After finishing as high as fourth in 1968–69, Bournemouth were relegated in 1969–70 after Gillingham won on the last day of the season, condemning the Cherries to the drop instead. Cox was sacked that summer and never worked in football again.
Cox died in Bournemouth in 1973 at the age of 52.
Honours
As player
Arsenal
FA Cup: 1949–50; runner-up: 1951–52
As manager
Gillingham
Football League Fourth Division: 1963–64
References
1920 births
1973 deaths
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
Military personnel from Reading, Berkshire
Footballers from Reading, Berkshire
English men's footballers
Men's association football outside forwards
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Northfleet United F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
AFC Bournemouth managers
Portsmouth F.C. managers
Gillingham F.C. managers
English Football League managers
West Bromwich Albion F.C. non-playing staff
Reading F.C. wartime guest players
Swindon Town F.C. wartime guest players
British World War II pilots
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Air Force officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie%20Cox |
Ozzie Virgil may refer to:
Ozzie Virgil, Sr. (born 1932), Major League Baseball utility player
Ozzie Virgil, Jr. (born 1956), Major League Baseball All-Star catcher | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzie%20Virgil |
Castle Balfour is a castle situated in Lisnaskea, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It sits at the edge of the parish graveyard just west of Main Street. The castle is a State Care Historic Monument sited in the townland of Castle Balfour Demesne, in the Fermanagh and Omagh district area, at grid ref: H3622 3369.
History
Castle-skeagh was granted to Michael Balfour, Lord Balfour of Burleigh from Fife, Scotland, by King James I in the Plantation of Ulster. He sold his lands in Fermanagh to his younger brother James, Lord Balfour of Glenawley in 1615. In 1618/19 Captain Nicholas Pynnar reported that Balfour had begun his building at Castle-skeagh. The village of Lisnaskea developed around it. The castle was altered in 1652 and damaged in 1689. The last person to possess and inhabit the Castle was James Haire (1737–1833) who leased the castle from John Creighton, Earl Erne. James Haire and his family ceased to occupy the castle after it was destroyed by an arson-based fire in 1803. His mother, Phoebe Haire, was killed by the fire. It is believed that the perpetrator of the fire was a member of the Maguire clan. Major conservation and restoration was undertaken in the 1960s and further conservation work was completed in the late 1990s.
Evidence of an earlier ringfort indicates the area had been inhabited from very early times. In Castle Balfour Demesne, slight surface evidence for a fosse between two banks was revealed after excavation to have been 2 m deep. Attempts to find the outer fosse of a bivallate ringfort revealed 'no distinct, steep edges' contrasting with the steeply cut inner fosse. Radiocarbon dates of 359-428 AD were found from the ringfort at Castle Balfour.
Features
In 1618/19 Captain Nicholas Pynnar reported that Balfour had 'laid the foundation of a bawne of lime and stone 70 ft square, of which the two sides are raised 15 ft high. There is also a castle of the same length, of which the one half is built two stories high and is to be three stories and a half high'. Castle Balfour was a long, rectangular three storey building, on a north–south axis, the main block being 26 m by 8 m. It had a square wing to the east and west and a later rectangular block on the northern end. It has the style of a Scottish castle and the building is thought to be the work of Lowland Scots masons. The surviving castle is in a T plan with an entrance with gun-loops. The castle has vaulted rooms and a kitchen with fireplace and oven on the ground floor, main dwelling rooms on the first floor and corbelled turrets with gun slits.
See also
List of castles in Northern Ireland
References
External links
Castle Balfour, Lisnaskea
Castles in County Fermanagh
Fermanagh and Omagh district
Lisnaskea
State Care Monuments of Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20Balfour |
Stadio Tupparello is a multi-use stadium in Acireale, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of S.S.D. Acireale Calcio 1946. The stadium holds 12,100.
Tupparello
Sports venues in Sicily
Football in Sicily | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Tupparello |
Stadio Guido Angelini is a multi-use stadium in Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of S.S. Chieti Calcio.
History
The stadium, named after the historic president of S.S. Chieti Calcio Guido Angelini, was built in 1969 in the lower part of the city and officially opened in 1970 with a friendly match (refereed by Concetto Lo Bello) against the A.C. Milan. The stadium is located in a sports center in the Santa Filomena neighborhood where there are several covered arenas, built for volleyball, basketball, futsal, handball, and a grass field that hosts sports such as rugby, baseball, and a training ground for Chieti Calcio. After renovations in 2006, the stadium added a grandstand, a new curve named after Ezio Volpi, which houses the home fans. The stadium capacity is approved for 9,007 seats, but after the construction of the new curve, the maximum capacity reaches 12,750 people. The stadium also has a press box consisting of about 80 seats.
References
External links
Official website
Chieti
Football venues in Italy
Buildings and structures in the Province of Chieti
Guido Angelini | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Guido%20Angelini |
John Taylor (born 16 April 1963), better known as Chaka Demus, is a Jamaican reggae musician and deejay, best known as part of the duo Chaka Demus & Pliers.
Biography
Early years
Born in West Kingston, Taylor was a regular attendee at Kingston dances and was given a chance by Prince Jammy to DJ on his sound system. Upon releasing his debut single, the Jammy-produced "Increase Your Knowledge" in 1985, he was virtually unknown. None of his early records saw chart success, though they later met with increased success. Other musicians quickly recognised him as having great potential, most notably Yellowman who joined him for such songs as "Everybody Loves The Chaka", "Scotty", and "Bring It To Me" and Admiral Bailey, who collaborated with him on "One Scotch, One Bourbon, One Beer", giving him his first hit. The same year saw the release of "Everybody Loves The Chaka", for the Scorpio label, which was then followed up by the 1989 album, The Original Chaka 'Watch me Ride'.
Mainstream success
He first met Pliers (Everton Bonner) in 1991 and suggested that they team up. They enjoyed an internationally successful partnership including a string of hit singles and a number one album in the UK between 1993 and 1997. Chaka Demus net worth amounts up to 75 million dollars.
In 2007, Chaka Demus & Pliers reunited to record a track called "Need Your Lovin" which was released on vinyl, on Explorer Records. On 18 November 2007, Chaka Demus & Pliers performed "Murder She Wrote" alongside Alicia Keys at the 2007 American Music Awards. Their subsequent album, So Proud, was released in Europe and the Middle East in October 2008. A solo album called DJ Spirit was released in 2008.
Chaka Demus now runs his own record label, Bright Star, on which he has released records by his son, known by his stage name of Marvellous.
He continues to perform with Pliers, and recorded a new album in 2012, featuring guest appearances from Pliers, Marvellous, and Freddie McGregor.
In August 2013, he released the album Second Coming on the Fire and Ice label that he co-owns with Winston Solomon.
Solo discography
The Original Chaka (1986), Witty
Everybody Loves the Chaka (1988), Black Scorpio
Reggae Dance Hall Sensation (1989), Rohit International
No. 1 (1991), Penthouse
Gal Wine (1992), VP
Bad Bad Chaka (1994), Mélodie Distribution
Second Coming (2013), Fire and Ice
Other collaborations and split releases
Rough & Rugged (1988), Jammy's/Super Power - split with Shabba Ranks
References
1963 births
Living people
Jamaican reggae musicians
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
VP Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaka%20Demus |
Golden Hill is an inner suburb of Bristol, England, lying east of Horfield Common and north-east of Bishopston. Redland and Henleaze are nearby. The housing is mainly in private ownership and was built in the 1920s and 1930s.
Bristol Rovers practise on the football pitch, though it is closed for maintenance as of 2016. The fields are owned by Redland High School for Girls.
A large Tesco store was built in 1993 on an adjacent green-field site, which had been for many years one of the playing fields of Bristol Grammar School. The construction was unpopular with the local community and drew protests. Plans for expansion are currently being reviewed.
A second playing field is located in Golden Hill on Wimbledon Road. This is used by Golden Hill Sports Ltd (registered charity 1118954), which runs the YMCA Cricket Club and Golden Hill Sports Football Club. In addition, the charity also organises children's activity days during the school holidays as well as a number of social events throughout the year.
References
External links
Map of Golden Hill circa 1900
Henleaze Book includes history of Golden Hill
Areas of Bristol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Hill%2C%20Bristol |
Chaka Demus & Pliers are a Jamaican reggae duo made up of deejay Chaka Demus (born John Taylor) and singer Pliers (born Everton Bonner), known for their hits "Tease Me" and "Murder She Wrote". As a duo, they enjoyed more commercial success with mainstream pop fans after their collaboration began in the early 1990s than either had in their previous solo careers.
Career
Both artists were established musicians when they teamed up in 1991 after performing together in Miami, both having worked as solo artists, and Pliers as a duo with Pinchers. Their early hits together included "Gal Wine", recorded for producer Ossie Hibbert. They went on to work with a string of producers, including Ranking Joe, Jah Screw, Prince Jammy, and Mafia & Fluxy, with several of their most successful single tracks included on their debut album Gal Wine (1992).
They appeared at Reggae Sunsplash in 1992, and the following year broke through to international success with "Tease Me", which was in the UK Singles Chart for three months in 1993, peaking at No. 3 in July. They followed this with a cover of Curtis Mayfield's "She Don't Let Nobody" and a cover (with collaboration of Jack Radics) of the Top Notes' "Twist and Shout", which topped the UK Singles Chart in early 1994, the duo becoming the first Jamaican act to top the chart in 8 years, and the first to have three consecutive top five hits on the chart. They had further UK hits with "I Wanna Be Your Man" (No. 19) and "Gal Wine" (No. 20), with six hit singles in all taken from their album, Tease Me. The re-release of Tease Me also charted at number one on the UK Albums Chart in 1994, going on to receive gold certification, selling more than 500,000 copies.
In 1996, they signed to Island Records and released the album For Every Kinda People.
They performed at Sunsplash again in 2004 and 2008, and released the album Help Them Lord in 2001.
In 2007, Chaka Demus & Pliers recorded "Need Your Lovin", which was released on vinyl on Explorer Records. This song was a hit on the Jamaican chart.
On 18 November 2007, Chaka Demus & Pliers performed "Murder She Wrote" alongside Alicia Keys at the 2007 American Music Awards. In the summer of 2008, they performed at the annual Detroit Caribbean Festival. Their latest album So Proud was released on 6 October 2008.
In July 2013, Chaka Demus & Pliers performed at the BET Awards show in the reggae segment alongside Dawn Penn, Beenie Man and Elephant Man.
Discography
Albums
Gal Wine Wine Wine (1992), Greensleeves
Bad Mind (1992), Pow Wow
Ruff This Year (1992), RAS
Tease Me (1993), Mango (also released as All She Wrote) – UK #1 (BPI: Platinum), NZ #6, AUS #45, US Reggae Albums #7
For Every Kinda People (1996), Island – US Reggae Albums #14
Consciousness A Lick (1995), Melodie
Dangerous (2000), Fuel 2000
Help Them Lord (2001), RAS
Trouble and War (2003), Prestige
Back Against the Wall (2005), Explorer
Back Off the Wall, Nocturne
So Proud (2008), AGR/Universal
Compilations
Gold (1992), Charm
Chaka Demus & Pliers (1992), Charm
Unstoppable 1986-1992 (1996), Emporio
Murder She Wrote (2000), Spectrum
Dancehall Dons (2001), Recall
Ultimate Collection (2002), Hip O
Dancehall Classics (2004), Rhythm Club
Run the City (2006), Dynamic
On Top of the World (2008), Dynamic
Singles
References
Jamaican reggae musical groups
Jamaican musical duos
Reggae duos
Island Records artists
Trojan Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaka%20Demus%20%26%20Pliers |
Stadio Pino Zaccheria is a multi-use stadium in Foggia, Italy, which was inaugurated in 1925. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Foggia Calcio. The stadium holds around 25,000 people.
History
The stadium is named after , a valiant lieutenant and athlete from Foggia, and a pioneer of local basketball, who lost his life during the Greco-Italian War in Tirana on 4 April 1941.
Notable matches
References
Pino Zaccheria
Pino
Calcio Foggia 1920
Sports venues in Apulia
Sports venues completed in 1925
1925 establishments in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Pino%20Zaccheria |
Jolán Földes (Yolanda Foldes or Yolanda Clarent) (20 December 1902, Kenderes – October 1963, London) was a Hungarian author. Her most famous novel is the Street of the Fishing Cat.
Biography
Jolán Földes graduated in Budapest (1921) and went to Paris, where she worked as a workerwoman and clerk. Her first novel, Mária jól érett (1932), was a literary success in Hungary and awarded with Mikszáth Prize.
Her comedy Majd a Vica (1935), written together with Pál Vajda, was presented by the prestigious New Theater.
Her novel A halászó macska utcája tells the difficult life of a family of working class Hungarian emigrants in Paris after World War I. It won the 1936 All-nations Prize Novel Competition of the Pinter Publishing Ltd (London). The title refers to the name of the narrowest street in Paris, Rue du Chat-qui-Pêche (Street of the Fishing Cat). The novel was translated to 12 European languages.
Among her books are Prelude to Love, Shadows on the Mirror and Férjhez megyek (I'm Getting Married, 1935), Ági nem emlékszik semmire (1933), Péter nem veszti el a fejét (1937), Fej vagy írás (1937), Más világrész (1937).
In 1941, Földes emigrated to London and her later works were written in English.
Interlude, first published in England under the title Heads or Tails (originally Fej vagy írás), is set in Egypt at the time of the Spanish Revolution.
Golden Earrings was made into a film of the same name in 1947, starring Marlene Dietrich and Ray Milland. The novel, originally written in English, was translated to Hungarian in 1946 under the title Aranyfülbevaló.
Földes was a popular author of the interwar era. Her novels are entertaining but she is considered a light-weight author by literary critics. Only the Street of the Fishing Cat is appreciated as an important literary achievement. The novel was republished in Hungary in 1989.
References
External links
1902 births
1963 deaths
People from Kenderes
20th-century Hungarian writers
20th-century Hungarian women writers
Hungarian women novelists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jol%C3%A1n%20F%C3%B6ldes |
"Hooray for Hollywood" is a popular song first featured in the 1937 movie Hollywood Hotel, and which has since become (together with "That's Entertainment" and "There's No Business like Show Business") the staple soundtrack element of any Academy Awards ceremony. It is even frequently played during non-American movie ceremonies, e.g. the French César Awards. The popularity of the song is notably due to an exciting and memorable melody and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, which reference the American movie industry and satirize the desire to become a Hollywood movie star.
Composition
The music was composed by Richard A. Whiting. Johnny Mercer wrote the lyrics. In the original movie it was sung by Johnnie Davis and Frances Langford, accompanied by Benny Goodman and his orchestra.
Its lyrics can be difficult to fully understand today, as they refer to people (e.g. Aimee Semple) or cultural elements (e.g. rotos) which have since been largely forgotten. The lyrics have also evolved over the years. Notably, the line "where any shopgirl can be a top girl, if she pleases the tired businessman" vanished quite quickly, and is absent from the 1958 Doris Day version, having been replaced with "and any barmaid can be a star made if she dances with or without a fan" The latter part of the line refers to Sally Rand and her fan dance. Today the song is performed mostly as a melody. It also include reference to Walt Disney and his cartoons with the lines "You could be Donald Duck."
Usage
The song is used in the opening scene of the Looney Tunes cartoon What's Up, Doc? (1950).
The melody was used on the Jack Benny radio show as the final theme song.
The song is played over the opening and closing shots of Robert Altman's film The Long Goodbye (1973) starring Elliott Gould as Philip Marlowe.
In 1977, the song was performed twice during an episode of The Brady Bunch Variety Hour. Some lyrics were altered to reference then-current pop-culture ("If you find things get rough, you could get Pufnstuf..." and "...where any person like Laverne or Shirley or Jo Anne Worley is equally understood").
The song is featured in the musical A Day in Hollywood/A Night in the Ukraine.
The song was used as the opening and exit to Disney-MGM Studios' The Great Movie Ride attraction. This version became one of the many California related songs played throughout "Sunshine Plaza" in the original Disney's California Adventure.
Jay Leno on the Tonight Show often did take-offs of Rodney Dangerfield's schtick, telling bandleader Kevin Eubanks; "Kevin, the economy is so bad that..." After the punchline, the Tonight Show Band played a fast melody of "Hooray for Hollywood".
In the Disney Channel original movie Phantom of The Megaplex Mickey Rooney’s character “Movie Mason” sings the tail end of the song in front of the theatre for the premiere of the movie.
In The Simpsons episode "Mayored to the Mob", the cast members of a production of Guys and Dolls sing a song with the musical's title to the tune of "Hooray for Hollywood", which, as the show's star Mark Hamill points out, isn't actually one of that show's musical numbers.
A cha-cha instrumental version of the song was used as bumper music for David Feeney's short-lived "Hollywood Minute" segment on the popular podcast Daves of Thunder.
A simplified score of the melody decorates the banisters in the Hollywood/Vine Red Line Station in Los Angeles leading down to the platform.
Rock band Hollywood Undead sample the Doris Day version of this song in their live pre-set introduction.
The song is used in the opening of Warren Beatty's film Rules Don't Apply (2016).
The song is used in Ray Donovan Episodes 01 - Season 1 "The Bag or the Bat" (2013) with the Doris Day version.
The song is performed in the 1978 film Sextette starring 87-year-old Mae West, which was her final film.
See also
"There's No Business Like Show Business"
"That's Entertainment!"
"Make 'Em Laugh"
References
External links
Film clip at tcm.com
Lyrics at johnnymercer.com
Songs about actors
Songs about Los Angeles
Songs written for films
Songs with music by Richard A. Whiting
Songs with lyrics by Johnny Mercer
Doris Day songs
Academy Awards
Benny Goodman songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooray%20for%20Hollywood |
The Lavender List is a docudrama originally broadcast on BBC Four on 1 March 2006. It chronicles the events that led to the drafting of the so-called "Lavender List", a satirical name given to Harold Wilson's controversial 1976 resignation honours.
Cast
Kenneth Cranham as Harold Wilson
Gina McKee as Marcia Williams
Celia Imrie as Mary Wilson
Neil Dudgeon as Joe Haines
Dominic Rowan as Bernard Donoughue
Production
The docudrama was written by journalist Francis Wheen, deputy editor of the satirical magazine Private Eye. Wheen said that it was based on the political diaries of two members of Wilson's cabinet: press secretary Joe Haines and director of policy Bernard Donoughue. It starred Kenneth Cranham as Wilson and Gina McKee as Marcia Williams, the head of Wilson's political office.
The list
The list itself caused controversy as some of the recipients were wealthy businessmen whose principles were considered antithetical to those held by the Labour Party. One businessman on the list, Lord Kagan, was a friend of Wilson's. He was convicted of fraud in 1980. Another, Sir Eric Miller, committed suicide while under investigation for the same crime in 1977. Lew Grade and James Goldsmith, who had previously given financial assistance to Williams, also featured.
The name of the list originated in a claim made by Haines that the original draft had been written on lavender-coloured notepaper. No documentary evidence has been proffered to support this claim, and Wilson and Williams denied it.
Reception
Victor Lewis-Smith reviewed the production positively in the Evening Standard. Other reviews were critical, and drew negative responses from some of those depicted in it. Haines noted what he considered 54 inaccuracies in the production.
The BBC paid Williams £75,000 in damages for claiming that she conducted an adulterous affair with Wilson, and that she exercised undue influence over the compilation of the list. In an out-of-court settlement, the BBC also agreed to pay an estimated £200,000 in costs and promised never to rebroadcast the film.
References
External links
Review of The Lavender List by Gordon Ridout
Lady Falkender's Official Website of the Lavender List story
Daily Telegraph article by Joe Haines
2006 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
Television series set in the 1970s
BBC television dramas
Political scandals in the United Kingdom
Cultural depictions of Harold Wilson | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lavender%20List |
Stadio Comunale Matusa was a multi-use stadium in Frosinone, Italy. It was used mostly for football matches and was the home ground of Frosinone Calcio — replaced by Stadio Benito Stirpe. The stadium holds 10,000.
References
External links
Stadium's page at Frosinone Calcio's official homepage
Stadium journey article
Matusa
Matusa
Frosinone
Frosinone Calcio
Sports venues in Lazio
Sports venues completed in 1932
1932 establishments in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Matusa |
The Cupid's bow is a facial feature where the double curve of a human upper lip is said to resemble the bow of Cupid, the Roman god of erotic love. The peaks of the bow coincide with the philtral columns giving a prominent bow appearance to the lip.
See also
Philtrum
White roll
References
External links
Facial features
Phrases and idioms derived from Greek mythology
Cupid
Lips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid%27s%20bow |
jatin Punj is a multi-use stadium in Gela, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Gela Calcio. The stadium holds 4,400.
Vincenzo Presti
Gela
Sports venues in Sicily
Football in Sicily | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Vincenzo%20Presti |
Paumarí (also Paumari, Purupuru, Kurukuru, Pamari, Purupurú, Pammari, Curucuru, Palmari) is an Arauan language spoken in Brazil by about 300 older adults out of an ethnic population of 900. It is spoken by the Paumari Indians, who call their language “Pamoari”. The word “Pamoari” has several different meanings in the Paumarí language: ‘man,’ ‘people,’ ‘human being,’ and ‘client.’ These multiple meanings stem from their different relationships with outsiders; presumably it means ‘human being’ when they refer to themselves to someone of ostensibly equal status, and ‘client’ when referring to their people among river traders and Portuguese speakers.
Speakers of Arawan languages, particularly Paumarí (who have had the most contact with non-natives) are beginning to speak Portuguese. The result, for many of the speakers in Paumarí, is a hybrid of Portuguese and Paumarí, incorporating vocabulary from both languages while retaining the syntax of neither (Chapman, a researcher from the Summer Institute of Linguistics, claims that, at the time of her arrival in 1964, all Paumarí spoke a mixture of Paumarí and Portuguese). Out of the Paumarí group that inhabits the Tapauá River, the youth, which makes up nearly a majority of the population, spoke only Portuguese in 1964. This ‘linguistic Creole’ tendency in the Paumarí language highlights exactly why languages such as Paumarí are endangered.
It is a largely head-marking language with unmarked SVO word order and an ergative alignment for marking of nouns combined with accusative marking of pronouns.
Paumarí has only two open word classes - nouns and verbs. However, it also has numerous closed classes including fourteen adjectives, adpositions, interjections, conjunctions and demonstratives. Paumarí nouns are elaborately divided into over one hundred possessed nouns and a larger number of free nouns. Furthermore, each free noun has grammatical gender - being either masculine or feminine, with feminine being the unmarked gender and indicated by the suffix -ni.
Verb roots have up to fifteen suffix positions, but all are only optionally filled. Most of these refer to location or aspect, plus a negative suffix -ra.
Phonology
Paumarí has a consonant inventory that is similar in size to most languages of the Amazon Basin, but is areally unusual for featuring bilabial and coronal implosives, which have been lost from other Arauan languages but are reconstructed clearly for the protolanguage of the family. It is one of very few languages in the New World to contrast implosives with other voiced stop consonants: similar contrasts are known only for a few other Amazonian languages. However, it has a very simple vowel system with only three contrastive vowels, the back one of which can range from to .
Paumarí has a (C)V syllable structure: a syllable can only contain one vowel, which may or may not be preceded by a consonant. This is consistent among all Arawan languages (Dixon (1999), 295). Often two vowels will occur in a sequence, CVV, however, the length of the resulting syllable will often make a phonetic difference between the two vowels, and the syllable’s duration will correspond to the amount of vowels, reflecting a moraic structure also common in Japanese. Often in the Paumarí language, when an identical vowel occurs word-final and then word-initial in two sequential words, one of the two vowels will be dropped within the phrase.
Syntax
Paumarí tends to be a head-final language. Typically, in intransitive phrases (those without direct objects) the order is VS. The SV intransitive order also occurs, although only when the Subject is marked for informational prominence (the demonstrative (DEM) is occluded in such SV phrases). In transitive phrases, the word order is mainly SVO, in which the ergative case marking system tends to be used. The affix used for ergative marking is the suffix , and the object of the sentence is preceded by a word denoting a demonstrative case. These demonstrative case nouns are either for male, or for female. The gender and number of the object noun, not the subject, dictates the gender and number suffixes on the verb.
Two other word orders that occur in Paumarí transitive phrases are OVS and SOV. In these cases, the object is marked with a suffix denoting it as such () and is placed directly before the verb. In these cases, it is thought that the accusative system has taken over, as the subject of the sentence no longer receives the ergative suffix and is free to occur at the beginning or end of the phrase (but not directly before the verb). This shows the split ergativity evident in Paumarí language – they employ the ergative system for some word orders and the accusative system for others.
Adjectives always follow the noun that they describe and if there is also a number in the clause, it follows the adjective (“Three big dogs” becomes “dogs big three”). The Paumarí language has very few words that act as adverbs, but several ways of changing other words into adverbs via affixes. Adverbs do not modify adjectives in the Paumarí language.
Morphology
Paumarí is primarily an agglutinative language, and primarily suffixing, although many prefixes are also used. Prefixes on verbs are usually reserved for obligatory pronoun incorporation, whereas verb suffixes denote many different things. There exist affixes, mainly suffixes, to denote gender, number, and noun classes in verbs.
Paumarí nouns are intrinsically categorized in two independent systems: gender and another system of two noun classes. There are two genders: masculine and feminine. If possible, gender assignment of a noun based on the referent's biological sex, and a few other generalizations can be made, but for the most part gender assignment is semantically opaque. Gender is not represented on the noun itself, but manifests in affixes that verbs, demonstratives, certain adjectives, and possessed nouns take to indicate agreement. Because first and second person pronouns take feminine agreement, it appears that feminine is the unmarked gender. In a transitive verb phrase, the verb agrees in gender with whichever of the agent or the object is the pivot of the discourse. In either case, the verb takes the suffix -hi for feminine agreement and -ha for masculine agreement:
The two classes in the other system of noun classes are called ka- class and non-ka-class, because the ka- class nouns cause certain other words to signal agreement with the prefix ka-. The semantic basis for assigning different nouns to these two classes is slightly less opaque than for gender: no abstract nouns are in the ka- class, and whether a concrete noun is in the ka- class roughly corresponds to whether its referent is large and flat, with certain semantic categories admitting other generalizations. A verb must take the prefix ka- if a particular argument is a ka-class noun; if the verb is in an intransitive clause that argument is the subject, whereas if it is in a transitive clause that argument is the object. Aside from verb-argument agreement, noun class agreement also occurs for modifying stative verbs, possessed nouns, and certain adjectives. This system of classifying nouns is eroding in the face of contact with Portuguese, with the agreement prefix often being left off of verbs in rapid speech.
Portuguese contact
There are some portions of the Paumarí language that have been irreversibly changed by Portuguese influence. For example, Paumarí use Portuguese narrative words such as dai ("from there") and então ("then") often in their speech. Also, Paumarí have difficulty expressing equality/inequality within their own language. At the time of the 1964 SIL arrival, they used the Portuguese word mais ("more") in conjunction with adjectives to compare things and the researchers could not find anything in native Paumarí tongue that served the same function in their language. Often, root duplication serves as a way for the Paumarí to express that something is less like or becoming or trending towards another thing. This is an odd use of reduplication, as in many other languages, reduplication serves to strengthen the word; make it more immediate or intense. For adjectives, often the suffix –ki will be added to tag the word as descriptive. Reduplication of adjective roots denotes less of the description.
Stress accent system
Dan Everett of the University of North Dakota has extensively studied the accent/stress system of the Paumarí and has claimed that the Paumarí’s accent system violates some of the most basic theories put forward by linguists with regards to stress systems. Paumarí has iambic feet, which means the accent tends towards the right, or latter, portion of the word or syllable set, and they are not weight-sensitive. Everett theorizes that stress placement and syllables in the Paumarí language are more exclusive from one another than many modern theories believe. Two types of accents are distinguished in Paumarí, primary stress and secondary stress. Primary stress is characterized by a sharp increase in intensity (volume) and by somewhat higher pitch, although the latter is difficult for non-speakers to distinguish and was found by digital analysis of sound wave of native speakers. Secondary stress in Paumarí is characterized by a slight increase in intensity and often an increase in syllable duration. The final syllable of a word always has one of the two of these and therefore is always somewhat stressed. The stress system starts at the final syllable and works its way to the left, or the beginning of the word, skipping every other syllable. In disyllabic words, the primary stress is placed on the final syllable. In polysyllabic words, the primary stress is assigned to the antepenult (third from last) syllable, and the last syllable is assigned secondary stress. If the polysyllabic word is five syllables or more, every odd syllable (leftward) from the antepenult syllable is also assigned secondary stress. Therefore, regardless of how many syllables a word has, the primary stress is always on the last or antepenult syllable. The beginning syllable for a word will only have primary stress if it is a three-syllable word, and will have secondary stress only if it contains an odd-number (5, 7, 9, etc.) of syllables.
References
Bibliography
"Arawa"; in Dixon, Robert M. W.; The Amazonian Languages; pp. 293–305.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060320120631/http://indian-cultures.com/Cultures/paumari.html
http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/povo/paumari/869
Arawan languages
Endangered Arawan languages
Verb–object–subject languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paumar%C3%AD%20language |
Stadio Olimpico Carlo Zecchini (formerly known as Stadio Olimpico Comunale) is a multi-use stadium in Grosseto, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of U.S. Grosseto. The stadium holds 10,200.
During the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, the stadium hosted several football preliminaries. It has also hosted home matches of U.S. Gavorrano and U.S. Pianese.
References
1960 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. p. 86.
US Grosseto 1912
Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic football venues
Carlo Zecchini
Buildings and structures in Grosseto
Sports venues in Tuscany
Sport in Grosseto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Olimpico%20Carlo%20Zecchini |
The lotus-eaters were a race of people in Greek mythology.
Lotus-eaters or Lotus eater may also refer to:
Film and television
The Lotus Eater (film), a 1921 silent film
The Lotus Eaters (film), a 1993 Canadian film
The Lotus Eaters (TV series), a 1970s British drama series
"The Lotus Eaters" (Ulysses 31), a 1982 episode of Ulysses 31
Lotus Eaters (film), a 2011 British film
"Lotus Eaters", episode seven of 2018 Freeform series Cloak & Dagger
"The Lotus-Eaters", episode five of the 2021 HBO series The White Lotus
Literature
"The Lotus Eater", a 1945 short story by W. Somerset Maugham
"The Lotus Eaters" (Weinbaum), a 1935 short story by Stanley G. Weinbaum
The Lotus Eaters (novel), a 2010 novel by Tatjana Soli
"The Lotos-Eaters", an 1832 poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
"Lotus Eaters" (Ulysses episode) an episode in James Joyce's novel Ulysses
Lotus Eaters, a Touhou Project manga series
Music
The Lotus Eaters (band), an English new wave band
Lotus Eater, a Scottish heavy metal band
Lotus Eaters (band), an American experimental electroacoustic group
Lotus Eaters, an instrumental for guitars by Andrew York
Keane (band), formerly The Lotus Eaters, an English alternative rock band
The Lotus Eaters, a 2004 Dead Can Dance tribute album
"The Lotus Eaters", a song by Dead Can Dance from Dead Can Dance (1981–1998)
"The Lotus Eaters", a song by Nevermore from Dreaming Neon Black
"The Lotus Eater", a song by Opeth from Watershed
"Lotus Eater", a song by Foster the People from Sacred Hearts Club | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus-eaters%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The NFL 1990s All-Decade Team was chosen by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The team was composed of outstanding performers in the National Football League in the 1990s.
The squad consists of first- and second-team offensive, defensive and special teams units, as well as a first- and second-team head coaches. Only a person's performance in the 1990s was used as criteria for voting.
Bruce Matthews, Jerry Rice, Barry Sanders, Bruce Smith and Reggie White were unanimous choices. Deion Sanders and Mel Gray were the only players to make the team at two positions. Sanders was named first-team cornerback and punt returner while Gray made the second team as both a kick and punt returner. Morten Andersen, Gary Anderson, Sean Landeta, Ronnie Lott, Gary Zimmerman, Jerry Rice, Bruce Smith, and Reggie White were first named to the 1980s All-Decade Team. Larry Allen, Warren Sapp, and Willie Roaf were also named to the 2000s All-Decade Team.
Offense
Defense
Special teams
Coach
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
National Football League records and achievements
Foot
Foot
Foot
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201990s%20All-Decade%20Team |
David Tattersall, (born 14 November 1960) is a British cinematographer. He has worked on many big-budget films and was nominated for an Emmy Award for his cinematography on The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series. Three of his most noted collaborations include having worked with film directors George Lucas, Frank Darabont and Martin Campbell.
Tattersall studied at Barrow-in-Furness Grammar School for Boys before moving on to Goldsmiths College in London, receiving a first class BA in Fine Arts. He went on to study at Britain's National Film and Television School at Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire.
The first film Tattersall worked on was Salette in 1986.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
The Starwars.com profile
1960 births
Living people
British cinematographers
Emmy Award winners
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Alumni of the National Film and Television School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Tattersall |
Stadio Comunale Romeo Menti is a football stadium in Castellammare di Stabia, Italy. It is currently the home ground of S.S. Juve Stabia. The stadium holds 12,800 and was opened in 1984.
Romeo Menti
SS Juve Stabia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Romeo%20Menti%20%28Castellammare%20di%20Stabia%29 |
David Mundy (born 20 July 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He played as a half back flanker or midfielder and was the captain of Fremantle during the 2016 AFL season. Mundy sits ninth in the VFL/AFL games records for most games played.
Early career
Mundy began his football career at the Murray Bushrangers in the TAC Cup. He was drafted by Fremantle at selection 19 in the 2003 AFL Draft. This selection was traded to Fremantle by the Western Bulldogs in return for Steven Koops. Upon moving to Western Australia in 2004 he was allocated to the Subiaco Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). He spent the entire 2004 season playing with Subiaco and was a part of their premiership team.
AFL Career
Impressive WAFL form continued into 2005 and he was selected by Fremantle to make his AFL debut at the MCG against Melbourne in Round 6. His poise and composure in defence saw Mundy maintain his position in the side for all 17 remaining games for the season. In round 14 he was recognised by the AFL by being nominated for the AFL Rising Star award. In the final voting, he came 3rd behind Brett Deledio and Ryan Griffen with 15 votes. He also was awarded the 2005 Beacon Award as the best young talent on the Fremantle list.
Mundy started the 2008 season in good form, and was shifted to a midfield role late in the season in order to use his kicking ability. In 2009, he played his 100th game and was only the eighth player in league history to play them consecutively from debut. He played 124 consecutive games from his debut until he was a late withdrawal due to stomach cramps before the Round 17, 2010 match against the Western Bulldogs.
2010 was his best season to date, and he was recognised by being named in the 40-man squad for the 2010 All-Australian team and also won the Doig Medal as Fremantle's best player for the year. At the end of the 2010 season, there was much speculation that Mundy would not renew his contract with Fremantle and would instead either return to play in Melbourne, or be recruited by the new Gold Coast Football Club. However, he rejected all other offers and re-signed with Fremantle in September 2010 for an additional four years. He then later re-signed at the end of 2014 for another 3 years.
Mundy received his first All Australian selection in 2015 named in the 2015 All-Australian team on the interchange bench. A highlight in 2015 was during the Round 17 clash with the Richmond Football Club at the MCG. In the final minutes of the game, a Richmond kick out after a Fremantle behind was marked by Garrick Ibbotson who passed to Mundy approximately 45 metres out from goal. Mundy kicked a goal with 40 seconds left, leading Fremantle to a 4-point victory. He would repeat a very similar play again against Richmond at the MCG in 2017, when he marked the ball 25m out from goal with 11 seconds remaining in the game. He kicked a goal after the siren leading Fremantle to win by just 2 points.
In 2016, he was named the captain of Fremantle, however, the team headed into one of their worst seasons to date, with only four wins that year. In 2017, the captaincy was passed to Nathan Fyfe. He extended his contract for a further year early in the 2017 season.
Mundy was the second Fremantle player to reach 300 games, after Matthew Pavlich. His 300th game was during Fremantle's 19 point win over the Western Bulldogs at Optus Stadium in round 6 2019. In early 2021, Mundy's longevity became the subject of discussion, as he was widely considered to be in career-best form despite his advanced age for an Australian rules footballer.
On 21 July 2021, Mundy signed a one-year deal to remain with the Fremantle for the 2022 season. Four days later, he made his 350th appearance in a match against the Sydney Swans.
On 1 August 2022, Mundy announced his intention to retire at the end of the 2022 season. Mundy's last game was during Fremantle's semi-final against Collingwood at the MCG. Mundy finished his career at Fremantle having played the eighth most games in VFL/AFL history.
Personal life
Mundy completed a Bachelor of Marine Science at Murdoch University in 2019, after 7 years of study. He went on to complete an honours degree in the same field in 2021, where he studied the growth of the greenlip abalone in Augusta and estimated the variability in growth across the Ocean Grown Abalone sea ranch.
Honours and Achievements
Team
WAFL Premiership Player (Subiaco) 2004
McClelland Trophy (Fremantle) 2015
Individual
Fremantle games record holder
All-Australian team: 2015
Doig Medal: 2010
Fremantle captain: 2016
Ross Glendinning Medal 2013
AFL Rising Star nominee: 2005
Beacon Award: 2005
Fremantle Life Member: 2012
Fremantle 25 since ‘95 Team
Statistics
Statistics are correct to the end of 2022
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 17 || 1 || 3 || 136 || 128 || 264 || 78 || 23 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 8.0 || 7.5 || 15.5 || 4.6 || 1.4 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 25 || 1 || 5 || 253 || 165 || 418 || 141 || 44 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 10.1 || 6.6 || 16.7 || 5.6 || 1.8 || 0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 10 || 2 || 218 || 135 || 353 || 123 || 49 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 9.9 || 6.1 || 16.0 || 5.6 || 2.2 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 10 || 7 || 209 || 164 || 373 || 106 || 63 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 9.5 || 7.4 || 17.0 || 4.8 || 2.9 || 0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 15 || 14 || 217 || 194 || 411 || 110 || 69 || 0.7 || 0.6 || 9.9 || 8.8 || 18.7 || 5.0 || 3.1 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 12 || 8 || 244 || 263 || 507 || 80 || 105 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 11.1 || 12.0 || 23.0 || 3.6 || 4.8 || 9
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 12 || 7 || 5 || 137 || 148 || 285 || 44 || 68 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 11.4 || 12.3 || 23.8 || 3.7 || 5.7 || 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 8 || 12 || 306 || 181 || 487 || 94 || 88 || 0.4 || 0.6 || 13.9 || 8.2 || 22.1 || 4.3 || 4.0 || 12
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 7 || 9 || 318 || 214 || 532 || 90 || 120 || 0.3 || 0.4 || 14.5 || 9.7 || 24.2 || 4.1 || 5.4 || 16
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 24 || 11 || 12 || 342 || 246 || 588 || 87 || 109 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 14.2 || 10.2 || 24.5 || 3.6 || 4.5 || 13
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 23 || 10 || 4 || 301 || 317 || 618 || 94 || 119 || 0.4 || 0.2 || 13.1 || 13.8 || 26.9 || 4.1 || 5.2 || 19
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 18 || 5 || 2 || 223 || 203 || 426 || 58 || 83 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 12.4 || 11.3 || 23.7 || 3.2 || 4.6 || 2
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 21 || 13 || 9 || 215 || 233 || 448 || 80 || 87 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 10.2 || 11.1 || 21.3 || 3.8 || 4.1 || 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2018
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 19 || 13 || 249 || 245 || 494 || 97 || 91 || 0.9 || 0.6 || 11.3 || 11.1 || 22.5 || 4.4 || 4.1 || 8
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2019
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 8 || 7 || 230 || 272 || 502 || 60 || 86 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 10.5 || 12.4 || 22.8 || 2.7 || 3.9 || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2020
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 16 || 4 || 1 || 131 || 159 || 290 || 33 || 59 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 8.2 || 9.9 || 18.1 || 2.1 || 3.7 || 3
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2021
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 15 || 7 || 248 || 305 || 553 || 68 || 87 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 11.3 || 13.9 || 25.1 || 3.1 || 4.0 || 20
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2022
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 16 || 22 || 5 || 7 || 214 || 279 || 493 || 61 || 74 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 9.1 || 12.3 || 21.4 || 2.6 || 3.8 || TBA
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 376
! 161
! 127
! 4191
! 3851
! 8042
! 1504
! 1494
! 0.4
! 0.3
! 11.1
! 10.2
! 21.3
! 4.0
! 3.8
! 116
|}
References
External links
WAFL Player Profile
1985 births
Living people
Fremantle Football Club players
Subiaco Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Murray Bushrangers players
Seymour Football Club players
Doig Medal winners
All-Australians (AFL)
Fremantle Football Club captains
Australia international rules football team players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Mundy |
Pasta e fagioli (), meaning "pasta and beans", is a traditional Italian pasta soup. It is often called pasta fasul or pasta fazool in the New York Italian dialect, derived from its Neapolitan name, pasta e fasule.
Preparation
Recipes for pasta e fagioli vary, the only true requirement being that beans and pasta are included. While the dish varies from region to region, it is most commonly made using cannellini beans, navy beans, or borlotti beans and a small variety of pasta such as elbow macaroni or ditalini. The base typically includes olive oil, garlic, minced onion, celery, carrots, and often stewed tomatoes or tomato paste. Some variations omit tomatoes and instead use a broth base. Preparation may be vegetarian, or contain meat (often bacon, ground beef, or pancetta) or a meat-based stock.
Variations
The recipe varies greatly based on the region or town in which it is prepared, depending on available ingredients. The consistency of the dish can vary, with some being soupy, while others are much thicker. For instance, in Bari the dish is thicker in consistency and uses mixed pasta shapes. It also uses pancetta in the base of the sauce. Other varieties call for the beans to be passed through a food mill, giving it a stew-like consistency. Pasta e ceci, a version replacing the beans with chickpeas, is common in Rome.
In popular culture
"Pastafazoola", a 1927 novelty song by Van and Schenck, capitalizes on the Neapolitan pronunciation in the rhyme, "Don't be a fool, eat pasta fazool." The song "That's Amore", by Warren and Brooks (popularized by Dean Martin), includes the rhyme "When the stars make you drool, just like pasta fazool, that's amore". Pasta e fagioli was also among Dean Martin's favorite foods.
See also
Minestrone
Macaroni soup
List of Italian dishes
List of legume dishes
List of pasta dishes
References
Italian soups
Legume dishes
Pasta dishes
Montenegrin cuisine
Peasant food | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta%20e%20fagioli |
Stadio Guido Biondi is a multi-use stadium in Lanciano, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of S.S. Virtus Lanciano 1924. The stadium holds 5,334; about 976 seats are covered.
After the promotion of Virtus Lanciano, it was renovated to meet Serie B standards.
Guido Biondi
SS Virtus Lanciano 1924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Guido%20Biondi |
The NFL 1980s All-Decade Team was chosen by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The team was composed of outstanding performers in the National Football League in the 1980s. The squad consists of first- and second-team offensive, defensive and special teams units, as well as a first- and second-team head coaches.
Jerry Rice, Anthony Muñoz, and Lawrence Taylor were the only unanimous choices, being named on all 26 ballots. John Hannah was next with 25 votes, followed by Joe Montana at 24½ votes, Walter Payton at 23½ votes, and Ronnie Lott with 23 votes. The safety position was very close as Joey Browner made all decade second team as he came in with 22 votes. Kenny Easley got 22½ votes, just edging out Browner to make the first team. Easley of Seattle slipped between both in the voting as all three could have easily replaced the other in a very tight vote. Hall of Fame coach John Madden scoffed at the idea that Browner wasn’t a member of the first team, Stating “I don’t know how anyone in that room says Joey Browner isn’t the best safety in football!” The overwhelming majority of NFL fans would likely argue that Ronnie Lott was the best Safety in the league during the 80’s; likely due to the San Francisco 49ers dominance during the 80’s, having won 4 Super Bowls.
Walter Payton, John Hannah, Mike Webster, Ted Hendricks, Jack Lambert, Billy Johnson, Rick Upchurch and Chuck Noll had been previously named to the 1970s All-Decade Team. Jerry Rice, Gary Zimmerman, Bruce Smith, Reggie White, Ronnie Lott, Morten Andersen, Gary Anderson and Sean Landeta were also later named to the 1990s All-Decade Team.
Offense
Defense
Special teams
Coach
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
National Football League records and achievements
1980s in sports
Foot
Foot
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201980s%20All-Decade%20Team |
Stadio Porta Elisa is a multi-use stadium in Lucca, Italy. The authorized capacity is 7,386, but it can hold about 12,000; 2,500 of them are covered.
History
The stadium was named after , a gate in the east of the historic walls of Lucca, named after Elisa Baciocchi Bonaparte.
It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.S. Lucchese-Libertas.
External links
Club Website
Porta Elisa
Lucchese 1905
Buildings and structures in Lucca
Sports venues in Tuscany
Porta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Porta%20Elisa |
The National Football League 1970s All-Decade Team is a list of National Football League (NFL) players selected by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The squad consists of first- and second-team offensive, defensive, and special teams units, as well as a first- and second-team head coaches.
Punter Ray Guy was the leading vote-getter for the 1970s All-Decade Team, receiving 24 of a possible 25 votes. O. J. Simpson and Lynn Swann were next with 22 and 21 votes, respectively. Linebacker Jack Ham and Tight end Dave Casper each received 20 votes. Next were Defensive end Jack Youngblood and Joe Greene who each had 18 votes.
Holdovers from the National Football League 1960s All-Decade Team were Bob Lilly, Dick Butkus, Merlin Olsen, Larry Wilson, and Jim Bakken, which made them the first players to make multiple All-Decade teams in NFL history.
Offense
Defense
Special teams
Coach
Notes
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
National Football League records and achievements
Football League 1970s All-Decade Team
Foot
Foot
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201970s%20All-Decade%20Team |
This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who had outstanding performances throughout the 1960s and have been compiled together into this fantasy group. The team was selected by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame at the end of the decade.
Players
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
National Football League records and achievements
1960s in sports
Foot
Foot
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201960s%20All-Decade%20Team |
This is a list of all NFL players who had outstanding performances throughout the 1950s and have been compiled together into this fantasy group. The team was selected by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame retroactively in 1969 to mark the league's 50th anniversary.
Notes:
Team that belonged to the All-America Football Conference for at least part of the player's tenure
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
National Football League records and achievements
1950s in sports
Foot
Foot
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201950s%20All-Decade%20Team |
Stadio Miramare is a multi-use stadium in Manfredonia, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Manfredonia Calcio. The stadium holds 4,076 spectators.
Manfredonia Calcio
Miramare
Manfredonia
Sports venues in Apulia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Miramare |
This is a list of all NFL players who had outstanding performances throughout the 1940s and have been compiled together into this fantasy group. The team was selected by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame retroactively in 1969 to mark the league's 50th anniversary.
Notes:
Team belonged to both the National Football Conference and the All-America Football Conference at different times
The Philadelphia Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers were merged into one team for the 1943 season due to World War II
Four-time finalist to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
National Football League records and achievements
1940s in sports
Foot
Foot
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201940s%20All-Decade%20Team |
This is a list of all NFL players who had outstanding performances throughout the 1930s and have been compiled together into this fantasy group. The team was selected by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame retroactively in 1969 to mark the league’s 50th anniversary.
See also
History of the National Football League
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
1930s in sports
Foot
Foot
National Football League records and achievements
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201930s%20All-Decade%20Team |
The Lotus Eaters are an English new wave band formed in 1981 in Liverpool. Their debut single, "The First Picture of You", became a hit in the UK and in continental Europe, notably France, Italy, Belgium and Spain.
History
Formation and success
In September 1982, Peter Coyle and Jeremy "Jem" Kelly met for the first time. Kelly had been guitarist in the Dance Party with Michael Head and co-founded the Wild Swans in 1980. Coyle had previously been in the Jass Babies, who had recorded a session for John Peel's BBC Radio 1 show in 1981.
After an invitation to record a Peel session, a number of new songs were created. Joined on keyboards by Kelly's fellow ex-Wild Swans member Ged Quinn, drummer Alan Wills and bassist Phil Lucking, the session was recorded in October 1982 and included "The First Picture of You". This led to the band being signed by Arista Records.
Produced by Nigel Gray, "The First Picture of You" became an iconic song for the Lotus Eaters in 1983, giving them a UK hit single before the band had even played a live gig. The band recorded a second session for Peel in October 1983.
The band's debut studio album, No Sense of Sin, was released in 1984 on Arista subsidiary Sylvan Records, preceded by two further singles, "You Don't Need Someone New" and "Out on Your Own". Both of these songs hit the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, but owing to difficulties with producers and marketing, the impact of "The First Picture of You" was not repeated in the UK.
Line-up changes and disbandment
After Quinn left, Coyle and Kelly recruited bassist Michael Dempsey (the Cure, Associates), keyboard player Stephen Emmer (formerly of Minny Pops and Associates) and drummer Steve Crease. The Lotus Eaters toured extensively in the UK, France and Italy before going on hiatus in 1985 after parting ways with Arista. "It Hurts", their final single, charted in the Italian Top 5 that year, but the band had already split up, leaving a promotional video featuring footage of Louise Brooks to represent them.
Aftermath
Coyle recorded as a solo artist, releasing the albums A Slap in the Face for Public Taste and I'd Sacrifice Eight Orgasms with Shirley MacLaine Just to Be There, and went on to found dance company 8 Productions and the G-Love nightclub. As a songwriter/producer, he had success with Marina Van-Rooy's 1990 single "Sly One", and worked with a host of emerging artists on Liverpool's dance scene. Coyle later pursued academic interests at the University of Edinburgh.
Meanwhile, Kelly reformed the Wild Swans, releasing the Bringing Home the Ashes album on Sire in 1988. He co-wrote an album, Soul Fire (released in 2001), with Tom Hingley (ex-Inspiral Carpets), before leaving to study for a PhD in memory-themed multimedia theatre at the University of Reading. Since 1989, Kelly has been writing, staging and performing in music-driven theatre, including Phantoms of the Aperture Part 1: Ted (2015) and Phantoms of the Aperture Part 2: Pictures of Me (2016) examining intersections of time, space, memory and music.
A compilation album of the Lotus Eaters' music, First Picture of You, was released in 1998 by Vinyl Japan/BBC Worldwide, consisting of sessions recorded at BBC Radio 1. No Sense of Sin was reissued that same year by Arista Japan.
Reunion
In 2001, the Lotus Eaters, comprising the duo of Coyle and Kelly, reformed after almost two decades, recording and releasing a new album titled Silentspace on the Vinyl Japan label.
On 13 March 2009, the band announced a one-off concert to be held at the Liverpool Philharmonic Hall on 25 July. The gig, a performance of the album No Sense of Sin, featured Coyle, Kelly and Emmer accompanied by a string quartet from the University of Huddersfield.
In April 2009, Coyle and Kelly collaborated with Emmer, and announced that they were working with producer Steve Power on material for a new album called A Plug-in Called Nostalgia, which has yet to be released. A limited-edition acoustic album, Differance, was issued the following year as a limited release on Sylvan.
The Lotus Eaters played their first London show in 10 years at the Camden Barfly on 11 June 2010, followed by a string of shows in the UK. The band also toured in Japan in October 2010, with gigs in Tokyo and Osaka.
In 2015, the band announced on their Facebook page that they were still working to release A Plug-in Called Nostalgia.
In 2017, Coyle performed solo in a one-night-only show in Manila.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Compilation albums
First Picture of You (BBC and live sessions, 1982-1984) (1998, Vinyl Japan/BBC Worldwide)
References
External links
Peter Coyle's website
Jem Kelly - repeaterperformance
English new wave musical groups
Musical groups established in 1981
Musical groups disestablished in 1985
Musical groups reestablished in 2002
Musical groups from Liverpool
Arista Records artists
Cherry Red Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lotus%20Eaters%20%28band%29 |
This is a list of all NFL players who had outstanding performances throughout the 1920s and have been compiled onto this fantasy group. The team was selected by voters of the Pro Football Hall of Fame retroactively in 1969 to mark the league’s 50th anniversary.
Pro Football Hall of Fame list
References
National Football League All-Decade Teams
Foot
Foot
Foot
National Football League records and achievements
National Football League lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Football%20League%201920s%20All-Decade%20Team |
Troyes, Bibliothèque Municipale, MS 504 is an early 7th-century illuminated manuscript of the Pastoral Care by Pope Gregory I. It was probably written in Rome about AD 600, whilst Gregory was still alive, and contains his final revised text.
It is written in an uncial script. There are about twenty-five long lines per page. There are no divisions between words. The only ornamentation in the manuscript is penwork initials in red, green and yellow, and coloured text for the first lines after them. It is one of the oldest complete manuscript books in existence.
The initial shown makes an interesting comparison with the opening initial of the Bobbio Jerome from about twenty years later, produced in North Italy by an outpost of the Hiberno-Scottish mission. This shows characteristics typical of Insular art, but in other ways is not dissimilar to this one.
References
De Hamel, Christopher. A History of Illuminated Manuscripts. Boston: David R. Godine, 1986.
External links
Image of the whole two page opening
7th-century illuminated manuscripts
Christian illuminated manuscripts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoral%20Care%20%28Troyes%2C%20Biblioth%C3%A8que%20Municipale%2C%20MS%20504%29 |
Stadio Gian Domenico Tursi is a multi-use stadium in Martina Franca, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.C. Martina. The stadium holds 4,900.
References
Gian Domenico Tursi
Martina Franca | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Gian%20Domenico%20Tursi |
Lotus Eaters is an experimental electroacoustic group which features Aaron Turner (Hydra Head Records, Isis, Old Man Gloom, House of Low Culture), Stephen O'Malley (Sunn O))), Khanate, Burning Witch), and James Plotkin (Atomsmasher, O.L.D.).
Their first release was a very limited edition LP/CD-R called Alienist on a Pale Horse, released by Double H Noise Industries. They later released a CD called Mind Control for Infants on Neurot Recordings, an untitled 7" on Drone Records from Germany, and a very limited self-released CD-R called 4 Demonstrations. Their latest album is a CD released in mid-2007 on Troubleman Unlimited named Wurmwulv. "Mind Control for Infants" was expanded, remixed and reissued on 2xLP in November 2009 via TAIGA records of Minneapolis.
Discography
Alienist on a Pale Horse (CD & LP 2001)
Four Demonstrations (CD 2001)
DR-55 (7" 2002)
Mind Control for Infants (CD 2002) (remixed/reissued 2xLP 2009)
Wurmwulv (CD 2007)
References
External links
Lotus Eaters @ Encyclopaedia Metallum retrieved 11-6-2007
American experimental musical groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus%20Eaters%20%28band%29 |
Stadio Gianpiero Vitali, also known as Stadio degli Oliveti is a multi-use stadium in Massa, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of U.S. Massese 1919. The stadium holds 11,500 and was opened in 1960. In 2020 it was named after Giampiero Vitali, historic captain of U.S. Massese 1919 who, with his 245 continuous appearances (only league), holds the all-time attendance record with the Massese team.
In the mid-2000s, the sports facility underwent renovation works. Further renovations were carried out in 2022 with the reconstruction of the stadium bleacher, coloring it in black and white and also designing the U.S. Massese 1919 company logo.
The stadium is located near the center of the city of Massa, and in the period in which Massese played in Serie C, the Apuan derby, also known as the marble derby, was played between Massese and Carrarese.
The stadium also hosted a training session of the Italy national team.
Degli Olivetti
Massa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Gianpiero%20Vitali |
Dean Victor Horrix (21 November 1961 – 11 March 1990), was an English footballer.
He joined Millwall as a striker and made 65 league appearances plus 7 as substitute, scoring 19 goals, in the Football League Third Division. He was sold to Gillingham in 1983 and joined Reading later the same year. He formed a successful striking partnership with Trevor Senior and was very popular with the fans, helping the Royals win promotion to the Third Division in 1984 and the Second Division in 1986. He was also part of the team that won the Full Members' Cup in 1988, but were relegated from the Second Division in the same season. He then rejoined Millwall, who had just reached the Football League First Division, but was unable to break up the partnership of Tony Cascarino and Teddy Sheringham, and played just 11 league games in 18 months.
Horrix was sold to Bristol City in March 1990, but died the following week in a car crash while returning to his home in the Tadley area. His wife Carol was driving the car but survived. Horrix had played just three games for the club, who were on the verge of promotion to the Second Division.
References
External links
Profile at millwall-history.co.uk
1961 births
1990 deaths
English men's footballers
Gillingham F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Road incident deaths in England
Men's association football forwards
People from Tadley
People from Burnham-on-Sea
Footballers from Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20Horrix |
"The Lotus Eater" is a short story by British author W. Somerset Maugham in 1935 and loosely based on the life story of John Ellingham Brooks. It was included in the 1940 collection of Maugham stories The Mixture as Before.
Plot summary
The story begins in 1913 with the narrator's visit to a friend on the island of Capri in Italy. The friend introduces the narrator to Thomas Wilson, who had come to the island for a holiday sixteen years earlier. A year after that holiday, Wilson had given up his job in London as a bank manager to live a life of simplicity and enjoyment in a small cottage on Capri. Enchanted by the island during his visit, he had made the decision during the intervening year to forgo working another twelve or thirteen years for his pension and instead to take his accumulated savings and purchase at once an annuity that would allow him to live simply on Capri for twenty-five years. And what will happen at the end of that twenty-five years, fifteen of which have already passed, asks the narrator; many men die by sixty, but many do not. Wilson does not directly answer the question, but he implies that if nature does not carry him off by the age of sixty, he will be content to dispatch himself, having lived a life of his own choosing in the meantime. The narrator of the story is stunned by such a bold plan, all the more because Wilson has the appearance and manner of an unremarkable, ordinary man – very much that of the bank manager he once was.
The narrator soon leaves Capri, and, what with the intervening world war and other events, nearly forgets his acquaintance with Wilson until thirteen years later, when he revisits his friend on Capri. By then, of course, the ten years that remained of Wilson's bargain with fate have expired. His friend describes for the narrator what has happened in his absence.
Wilson, his annuity exhausted, had first sold all that he owned; then he had relied on his excellent credit to borrow sums of the islanders to sustain himself; but at the end of a year after the expiration of his annuity, he could no longer even borrow. Wilson then had shut himself in his cottage and lit a charcoal fire to fill the room with carbon monoxide in an attempt to kill himself. But he lacked the will, the narrator says, to make a good-enough job of the attempt, and survived, though with brain damage that left him mentally abnormal but not unbalanced enough for the asylum. He lives out the remainder of his years in the woodshed of his peasant former landlord, carrying water and feeding the animals. As the narrator and his friend walk along, nearing the end of the tale, the friend warns him to betray no sign of his knowledge of Wilson's presence; the confused and degraded man is crouching nearby behind a tree, like a hunted animal. After six years of this existence, he is found dead on the ground overlooking the beautiful Faraglioni (coastal stacks) that had enticed him to the island so many years before – slain perhaps, the narrator suggests, by their beauty.
The narrator had told Wilson shortly after meeting him that his own choice would have been the safe one: to work the additional dozen or more years that would have secured his pension and, thus, a guarantee of enough money to live on, however long that might be, before setting out for his idyll on Capri, even though, as Wilson said, the pleasures of a man in his thirties are different from those of a man in his fifties. But it is not to Wilson's original choice that the narrator attributes the tragedy of Wilson's final years; he applauds Wilson for having had the nerve to make of his life what he wanted instead of following society's approved path. The narrator speculates that Wilson might indeed have had the kind of resolve needed to carry out his decision to end his own life, if necessary, at the time he first enacted his bold plan to leave his workaday life in London for the full-time leisure that, Wilson had argued, is all anyone is working for anyway. But the very ease and indolence of his life on Capri had deprived him of the will he needed to carry out his decision when the time came. Without challenge, the narrator argues, human will grows flabby, just as muscles used to support one only on level ground will lose the capacity to climb a mountain.
The story's name is a reference to the Lotus eaters of Greek Mythology, who similarly had a life of indolence.
See also
W. Somerset Maugham bibliography
Lotus eaters
1935 short stories
Short stories by W. Somerset Maugham
Works originally published in Argosy (magazine)
Capri, Campania
Short stories set in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lotus%20Eater |
Arena Garibaldi – Stadio Romeo Anconetani (usually referred to just as Arena Garibaldi) is a multi-use stadium in Pisa, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Pisa S.C. The stadium holds 25,000 (14,869 approved) and was opened in 1919.
History
In 2001, the stadium was entitled to , Pisa chairman and owner during their Serie A tenure, as well as colourful figure of Italian football in the 1980s, who died in 1999.
International matches
Four international matches of the Italy national football team have taken place at the stadium:
References
Garibaldi
Garibaldi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena%20Garibaldi%20%E2%80%93%20Stadio%20Romeo%20Anconetani |
Chittagonian ( saṭgãia or siṭaiṅga) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh. Its speakers identify with Bengali culture and the Bengali language. Chittagonian and Standard Bengali are not inherently mutually intelligible, although it is considered as a nonstandard Bengali dialect. Chittagonian is considered to be a separate language by some linguists. It is mutually intelligible with Rohingya and to a lesser extent with Noakhailla. It is estimated (2009) that Chittagonian has 13 million speakers, principally in Bangladesh.
Classification
Chittagonian is a member of the Bengali-Assamese sub-branch of the Eastern group of Indo-Aryan languages, a branch of the wider Indo-European language family. It is derived through an Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan from Old Indo-Aryan, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European. grouped the dialects of Chittagong under Southeastern Bengali, alongside the dialects of Noakhali and Akyab. places Chittagonian in the eastern Vangiya group of Magadhi Prakrit and notes that all Bengali dialects were independent of each other and did not emanate from the literary Bengali called "sadhu bhasha". Among the different dialect groups of these eastern dialects, Chittagonian has phonetic and morphological properties that are not present in standard Bengali and other western dialects of Bengali.
Phonology
Consonants
Approximants are only heard as allophones of vowels .
can have a post-alveolar allophone of .
can have an allophone of .
can have a bilabial allophone of .
Vowels
Nasalization occurs for seven vowels .
is heard as an allophone of .
Writing system
The Arabic script has historically been used to write this language.
The Bengali script (Bangla Lipi) and Latin script are used to write this language.
Gboard for Android has added Chittagongian Keyboard.
See also
Chittagong
Rohingya language
Chittagong Division
Chittagong Hill Tracts
Bibliography
References
External links
Languages of Bangladesh
Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
Subject–object–verb languages
Articles citing Nationalencyklopedin
Chittagong District
Bengali dialects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagonian%20language |
Stadio Marcello Melani is the main stadium in Pistoia, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of U.S. Pistoiese 1921. The stadium holds 13,195.
History
The Stadio Comunale di Pistoia was opened 25 June 1966 with a friendly match between Pistoiese and Vasco de Gama (1-2).
Previously Pistoiese played in the little stadium "Monteoliveto", where about 600 official matches were played.
On 6 December 2006, the Stadio Comunale was dedicated to Marcello Melani, president of Pistoiese from 1974 to 1984. During his presidency Pistoiese earned the club's only promotion to Serie A in its history.
Current status
As of the start of the 2021-2022 season, two stands are in use - the Curva Sud for visiting supporters, and the main (west) stand, which houses home supporters. the Curva Nord and the east side terraced stand are closed.
Gallery
References
External links
Stadio Marcello Melani on Pistoiese's website
Satellite view of Stadio Marcello Melani
Marcello Melani
Marcello
Buildings and structures in Pistoia
Sports venues in Tuscany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Marcello%20Melani |
Monea Castle is a castle in Monea, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is a State Care Historic Monument sited in the townland of Castletown Monea, in Fermanagh District Council area, at grid ref: H1647 4937.
History
Monea Castle is situated where a Maguire castle would have been based prior to the Plantation and a crannog is still visible. Building begain in 1616. It had a bawn built later, in 1622. It was attacked by Rory Maguire during the Irish Rebellion of 1641 when the castle was sheltering Protestant settlers.
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
See Bill Wilsdon's "Plantation Castles on the Erne" for more information
Notes
References
Monea Castle
Ireland's Eye - Monea Castle
Buildings and structures completed in 1622
Castles in County Fermanagh
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland
1622 establishments in Ireland
State Care Monuments of Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monea%20castle |
The German invasion of the Soviet Union started on 22 June 1941 and led to a German military occupation of Byelorussia until it was fully liberated in August 1944 as a result of Operation Bagration. The western parts of Byelorussia became part of the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941, and in 1943, the German authorities allowed local collaborators to set up a regional government, the Belarusian Central Rada, that lasted until the Soviets reestablished control over the region. Altogether, more than 2 million people were killed in Belarus during the three years of Nazi occupation, almost a quarter of the region's population, including 500,000 to 550,000 Jews in the Holocaust in Belarus.
Background
The Soviet and Belarusian historiographies study the subject of German occupation in the context of contemporary Belarus, regarded as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in the 1941 borders as a whole. Polish historiography insists on special, even separate treatment for the East Lands of the Poland in the 1921 borders (alias "Kresy Wschodnie" alias West Belarus), which were incorporated into the BSSR after the Soviet invaded Poland on 17 September 1939. More than 100,000 people of different ethnic backgrounds, mostly Poles and Jews in West Belarus, were imprisoned, executed or transported to the eastern USSR by Soviet authorities before the German invasion. The NKVD (Soviet secret police) killed more than 1,000 prisoners in June and July 1941, for example, in Chervyen.
Invasion
After twenty months of Soviet rule in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine, Nazi Germany and its Axis allies invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. Eastern Belarus suffered particularly heavily during the fighting and German occupation. Following bloody encirclement battles, all of the present-day Belarus territory was occupied by the Germans by the end of August 1941. With Poland regarding the Soviet annexation as illegal, the majority of Polish citizens did not ask for Soviet citizenship from 1939 to 1941, and as a result were Polish citizens under Soviet and later German occupation.
Occupation
In the early days of the occupation, a powerful and increasingly well-coordinated Soviet partisan movement emerged. Hiding in the woods and swamps, the partisans inflicted heavy damage to German supply lines and communications, disrupting railway tracks, bridges, telegraph wires, attacking supply depots, fuel dumps and transports, and ambushing Axis soldiers. In one of the most successful partisan sabotage actions of the entire Second World War, the so-called Asipovichy diversion of 30 July 1943, four German trains with supplies and Tiger tanks were destroyed. To fight partisan activity, the Germans had to withdraw considerable forces behind their front line. On 22 June 1944, the huge Soviet Strategic Offensive Operation Bagration was launched, finally regaining all of Belarus by the end of August.
War crimes
The German invasion and occupation resulted in heavy human casualties, with some 380,000 people deported for slave labour, and the mass murder of hundreds of thousands more civilians. The ethnically Slavic Byelorussian population was intended to be exterminated, expelled, or enslaved as part of the German ethnic cleansing operation named Generalplan Ost. At least 5,295 Byelorussian settlements were destroyed by the Nazis and some or all their inhabitants killed (out of 9,200 settlements that were burned or otherwise destroyed in Belarus during World War II), and more than 600 villages like Khatyn had their entire population annihilated.
A 2017 study found "that Soviet partisan attacks against German personnel provoked reprisals against civilians but that attacks against railroads had the opposite effect. Where partisans focused on disrupting German supply lines rather than killing Germans, occupying forces conducted fewer reprisals, burned fewer houses, and killed fewer people."
Nazi units
14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galicia (1st Ukrainian)
29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA (1st Russian)
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Belarusian)
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Russian)
36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
Einsatzgruppen
Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
Byelorussian Auxiliary Police
Notable Nazi personnel
Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
Gustavs Celmiņš
Oskar Dirlewanger
Curt von Gottberg
Konrāds Kalējs
Bronislav Kaminski
Wilhelm Kube
Anthony Sawoniuk
Karl Schäfer
Jakob Sporrenberg
Other units and participants
Army Group Centre
Holocaust
The largest Jewish ghetto in Soviet Belarus before the conclusion of World War II was the Minsk Ghetto, created by the Germans shortly after the invasion began. Almost the whole, previously numerous Jewish population of Belarus which did not evacuate east ahead of the German advance was killed during the Holocaust by bullet. The list of eradicated Jewish ghettos in Nazi-Soviet occupied Poland extending eastward toward the border with the Soviet Belarus can be found at the Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland article.
Post-occupation
Later in 1944, 30 German-trained Belarusians were airdropped behind the Soviet front line to spark disarray. These were known as "Čorny Kot" ("Black Cat") led by Michał Vituška. They had some initial success due to disorganization in the rear guard of Red Army. Other Belarusian units slipped through Białowieża Forest and full scale guerilla war erupted in 1945. But the NKVD infiltrated these units and neutralized them by the end of 1946.
In total, Belarus lost a quarter of its pre-war population in the Second World War, including practically all its intellectual elite. About 9,200 villages and 1,200,000 houses were destroyed. The major towns of Minsk and Vitebsk lost over 80% of their buildings and city infrastructure. For the defense against the Germans, and the tenacity during the German occupation, the capital Minsk was awarded the title Hero City after the war. The fortress of Brest was awarded the title Hero-Fortress.
See also
Eastern Front (World War II)
Khatyn massacre: slaughter of Belarus civilians
Maly Trostenets extermination camp
Military history of Belarus during World War II
Operation Tempest
Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
Slutsk Affair
Soviet partisan
Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
Come and See
Fortress of War
People
Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
Pyotr Masherov
Michał Vituška
Notes
Further reading
Exeler, Franziska. "What Did You Do during the War?" Kritika: Explorations in Russian & Eurasian History (Fall 2016) 17#4 pp 805–835; examines popular behaviour in Byelorussia under the Germans, using oral history, letters of complaint, memoirs and secret police and party reports.
External links
Belarus at European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI)
1941 establishments in Belarus
1944 disestablishments in Belarus
Belarus in World War II
Belarus
Military history of Belarus during World War II
Belarus
Jewish Belarusian history
Belarus–Germany relations
it:Resistenza bielorussa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20occupation%20of%20Byelorussia%20during%20World%20War%20II |
Stadio Virgilio Fedini is a multi-use stadium in San Giovanni Valdarno, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.C. Sangiovannese 1927. The stadium holds 3,378.
Virgilio Fedini | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Virgilio%20Fedini |
Robbie Tronco is a Music Producer, DJ and Song Writer From Philadelphia Pennsylvania.
Best known for his hit Songs such as
Fright Train, Walk 4 Me, Drops, Runway, Ladies and Gentlemen, Get Ready For The Ride with Dee Robert.
Co founded Forbidden Records with his long time music partner Mike Fiscaro in 1998.
Co founder of Tronco Fiscaro publishing(BMI).
Fright Train was originally released in 1998 on Forbidden Records. The song peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Dance chart where it remained for 40 weeks.
In 2023 Robbie Tronco and Mike Fiscaro signed a worldwide distribution deal with N.E.W.S records. The re-issue of Fright Train was released on April 7th 2023.
The Re-release of this all time classic by Robbie Tronco including remixes by DJ Ghost & Mac Zimms. Remastered, on Translucent Red vinyl!
"Fright Train" was originally released in 1998 and has since become a true classic in the house scene. With its signature beat and rousing synths, the song revolutionized the clubs at the time and is still played by DJs around the globe to date.
With DJ Ghost's new remix, "Fright Train" gets a modern update while keeping the essence of the original, ready to rumble festival stages.
The release of this new version of "Fright Train" is sure to send a wave of nostalgia among the older generation of house lovers, while also appealing to a new generation unfamiliar with the original.
SBCL009 - TRACKLISTING
A1. Robbie Tronco - Fright Train (Original Mix)
A2. Robbie Tronco - Fright Train
B1. Robbie Tronco - Fright Train (DJ Ghost Extended Remix)
B2. Robbie Tronco - Fright Train (Mac Zimms Remix)
References
American DJs
Musicians from Philadelphia
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie%20Tronco |
Glenbard North High School, or GBN, and locally referred to as "Glenbard" or "North", is a public closed campus four-year high school located at the corner of Kuhn Road and Lies Road in Carol Stream, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Glenbard Township High School District 87, which also includes Glenbard South High School, Glenbard East High School, and Glenbard West High School. The North campus is the largest among the four high schools in Glenbard Township District 87, serving approximately 2,200 students from Carol Stream, Glendale Heights, Hanover Park, and Bloomingdale.
History
Glenbard North opened its doors in August 1968. It was the third of the four Glenbard high schools to open. The first principal of Glenbard North was Raymond Livingston. Burt Weber served Glenbard North as principal from 1971–1989, having the longest tenure of any Glenbard North principal at 18 years. The football field, Weber Field, was named in his honor.
Athletics
Glenbard North teams are called the Panthers. These athletic teams compete in the DuKane Conference. The school's teams also compete in state championship tournaments sponsored by the Illinois High School Association (IHSA).
The school sponsors interscholastic sports for men and women in basketball, cross country, gymnastics, golf, soccer, tennis, track & field, and volleyball. Men may also compete in baseball, football, and wrestling. Women may compete in badminton, cheerleading, swimming, and softball. While not sponsored by the IHSA, the school also sponsors a pom team for women, and a district-wide ice hockey team for men.
State championships
Cross Country (Girls): 1994–95
Gymnastics (Boys): 1991–92; 2008–09
Gymnastics (Girls): 1981–82; 1982—83
Wrestling: 2010-11;
Notable alumni
Rick Ackerman was an NFL defensive tackle (1982, 1984–87), playing most of his career for the San Diego Chargers.
Billy Corgan is a musician and songwriter best known as the frontman for the Smashing Pumpkins.
Ryan Diem was an offensive tackle for the NFL Indianapolis Colts (2001–2012). He was the starting right tackle for the Super Bowl XLI champions.
Jim Ellison was the lead singer for late 1980s–early 1990s power pop trio Material Issue.
Eric Orze is a professional baseball player in the New York Mets organization.
Eric Petersen is an actor playing the titular character in the series Kevin Can F**k Himself.
Michael Quigley is a United States Congressman, representing the 5th Congressional District of Illinois; a seat he won in a special election to replace Rahm Emanuel.
Kiele Sanchez is an actress best known for her work on television (Lost, Related).
Tony Ramos, wrestler
Justin Jackson is a running back for the NFL's Detroit Lions.
See also
List of high schools in Illinois
References
External links
Public high schools in Illinois
1968 establishments in Illinois
Carol Stream, Illinois
Educational institutions established in 1968
Schools in DuPage County, Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenbard%20North%20High%20School |
Stadio Vanni Sanna (formerly known as Stadio Acquedotto) is a multi-use stadium in Sassari, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of S.E.F. Torres 1903 and U.S.D. Latte Dolce. The stadium holds 12,000.
History
Its first name was "Torres stadium", changed in the seventies to "Acquedotto stadium". On 22 August 2001 it changed its name and was named after Giovanni Sanna, a footballer originally from Alghero who in his career played in Torres 1903 first as a player, then as a coach and sports director. In 2013, a restyling project of the municipal stadium of Sassari was presented, developed with red and blue passion by the Sassari architects Marco Tola and Stefano Sechi, and presented yesterday by the Associazione Memoria storico Torresina and the Sef Torres 1903 Foundation with great enthusiasm. In 2020 an agreement was reached between the Torres club and the Municipality of Sassari to manage the stadium for the next 15 years and in 2021 a new turf was set up in order to improve and redevelop the structure.
Sports activities
Soccer
The structure has always hosted the home games of S.E.F. Torres 1903, which currently plays in the Serie C championship. The stadium also hosts the matches of the Torres Calcio Femminile, winner of 7 Italian Championships, 7 Super Cups and 8 Italian Cups. From September 2021 the stadium will also be used again by U.S.D. Latte Dolce for home games.
Extra-football activities
Concerts
On 18 August 1987, the concert of the Spandau Ballet was held at the stadium, in 1989 the stadium hosted a concert by Vasco Rossi and on 28 August 1991 Fabrizio De André also performed at the stadium. In 1994, the plant hosted the concert of Sting, accompanied by Tazenda. In August 1995, after a couple of days there was the concert of Litfiba and that of Pino Daniele. In 2006, the stadium hosted a concert by Luciano Ligabue with the support of Finley and Rio, a former group of Marco Ligabue.
Location
The stadium is easily reachable by ATP Sassari urban transport with line 8 (which leaves from Sassari station) and from CS (Circola Sinistra) at the stop Piazzale Segni .
By car it can be reached from the SS 131, from which you have to take the exit for Viale Italia, turn right into Via Parigi, and immediately left into Via Washington; once you reach the Carabinieri Command, you need to turn right just before the roundabout and take via Verona and via Milano, continuing straight on at the traffic lights and at the next two roundabouts; at the third roundabout, turn into via Vardabasso: at the intersection with Via Carlo Felice, go straight through the roundabout and then turn left. Finally you arrive in Piazzale Segni, where there is a large parking lot.
Gallery
See also
Palasport Roberta Serradimigni
Sassari
References
External links
Vanni Sanna
Sassari
Sports venues in Sardinia
ASD FC Sassari Torres Femminile | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio%20Vanni%20Sanna |
Glenbard East High School, or GBE, is a public four-year high school located in Lombard, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, in the United States. It is part of Glenbard Township High School District 87. East, on average, draws around 2,500 students from Lombard, and portions of Glendale Heights, Addison, and Bloomingdale.
History
Glenbard East High School opened in September 1959 with a student body of 525 students and 28 staff members. In the week prior to the school's opening, a tornado or microburst hit the school, causing significant damage. The east wall of the Tower section of the building was sucked out and fell through the roof of the then-unnamed auditorium. The classroom wing was unaffected, but the start of school was postponed for two weeks. When choosing team names during the first semester the school was open, the "Tornadoes" was one of three final choices; the other two were the "Apaches" and the winner, the "RAMS"—shown in caps as an acronym for Right Attitude Means Success. Given the school's location in "the Lilac Village," proposed school colors of lilac (purple, really) and white were not selected; instead the student body chose red, black and white. The first principal was William Rider.
Prior to the opening of Glenbard East in 1959, Lombard students in High School District No. 87 attended Glenbard West High School (then Glenbard High School) in Glen Ellyn. In Glenbard East's first year, school activities and sports were contained in the Glenbard West yearbook, the Pinnacle, in a special section. The first Glenbard East yearbook was the 1961 edition, and named the Aries. The yearbook staff, Aries, works year-round to produce the Glenbard East High School yearbook.
In its first few years, Glenbard East competed in the Interim Conference, comprising mostly newly built suburban schools. Other schools in the conference were Willowbrook High School in Villa Park, Niles West High School in Skokie, Morton West High School in Berwyn, among others.
The school celebrated its 50th anniversary in October 2009, with a display of memorabilia and special recognition to athletes of 50 years during a halftime celebration during a home football game October 2.
In 2011, The Washington Post named Glenbard East one of the top public high schools in Illinois.
Male athletics
Glenbard East competes in the Upstate Eight Conference (UEC). Glenbard East is also a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA), which governs most interscholastic sports and competitive activities in Illinois. The teams are stylized as the Rams.
Female athletics
Competitive Cheerleading:
State Finalists (2014–15 -10th) (2017–18 -9th)
Notable alumni
Jim Avila, also known as Jim Simon at GEHS, is a notable local (Chicago) and national reporter with ABC News now covering White House news and still on the 20/20 TV news program.
Jeremy Hammond is an American activist and former convicted computer hacker.
Joanna Krupa is a model and actress (Superstars, Dancing With The Stars).
Marc Miller (class of 1965) is a game designer and science-fiction author.
David Orr is the clerk of Cook County and was Interim Mayor of Chicago after the death of Harold Washington.
Mary Doria Russell is an author, primarily known for her works of science fiction (The Sparrow, Children of God). At least one character from Dreamers of the Day is named in honor of a former teacher from Glenbard East.
Dan Tani (class of 1979) is a NASA astronaut
Derek Walker is a former American football player
Timothy Zahn (class of 1969) is a Hugo Award–winning science fiction author, whose most famous works may be those set in the Star Wars expanded universe
Notable staff
Dwayne Bates was a former NFL wide receiver for the Chicago Bears, and Minnesota Vikings. He is currently the Assistant Principal of Athletics (Athletic Director) at Glenbard East High School.
References
External links
Glenbard East High School website
Public high schools in Illinois
Educational institutions established in 1959
Lombard, Illinois
Schools in DuPage County, Illinois
1959 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenbard%20East%20High%20School |
Glenbard West High School is a public four-year high school located at the corner of Ellyn Avenue and Crescent Boulevard in Glen Ellyn, a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Glenbard Township High School District 87. The West campus draws students from Glen Ellyn (primarily north of Illinois Route 38), a small portion of Lombard, and portions of Wheaton, Glendale Heights and Carol Stream.
History
Glen Ellyn High School 1915−1922
The need for high schools arose with developed communities in the late 1800s. Wheaton voters wanted their own high school but accepted Glen Ellyn students on a tuition basis. In the fall of 1915, Wheaton raised the tuition rates and Glen Ellyn residents decided to start their own high school. Classes were rented on the second floor of the DuPage Bank Building, founded by Arthur. W. Holzman as Principal on October 4, 1915, hosting to fifty Freshmen and Sophomores. From 1915 to 1918 the first high school that area students attended was called Glen Ellyn High School. By 1916 the bank built on a third floor to accommodate the growing student body.
America entered World War I on April 2, 1917, and Glen Ellyn residents petitioned the school board citing that the German language fueled propaganda which they did not want in their school curriculum. Arthur Holzman, an American citizen who was born Canadian, became a controversial topic which put newly elected Glen Ellyn school board president Louis J. Thiele in a difficult predicament, to delegate a successor. (As for the school's future of teaching German, a German Club would not form for another 45 years, 17 years following the end of World War II.)
When Fred L. Biester took over this office in 1918 at Mr. Holzman's recommendation to Mr. Thiele, the faculty consisted of five members who instructed 120 students in a basic curriculum. By 1920, class enrollment quickly outgrew the space and spread between the bank building and local church basements. The administrators decided to search for a site to build a dedicated high school building.
Glenbard Township High School 1922−1959
In preparation for this growth, the district purchased a site on Honeysuckle Hill from Charles R. Raymond in April 1919. Twenty-five acres for the price of US$8,000 ($, accounting for inflation). Lake Ellyn, which then covered the present football field, was purchased for an additional dollar. In 1923, the high school deeded the lake to the park board with the stipulation that it revert to the high school should it ever cease to be a lake.
Neighboring Lombard residents learned that Honeysuckle Hill was within one-half mile of the geographical center of the proposed district and their unification would enable the towns to establish a school as large as any in the county, with an attendance of about two hundred pupils. A contest was held among the students to name the districts and the merging of 'Glen' Ellyn and Lom'bard officially became "Glenbard" on May 15, 1923.
The current building opened in 1923 as Glenbard Township High School, the first of the district's high schools. It was built in the style of a castle, complete with roof turret by the firm of Coolidge and Hodgeson, the architects who planned Chicago's Art Institute, the Chicago Public Library (a.k.a. the Chicago Cultural Center), and Saint Olaf College.
Glenbard West (GBW) 1959−Present
Glenbard East High School opened in Lombard, September 1959. Glenbard North High School opened in Carol Stream, August 1968. Glenbard South opened in Glen Ellyn in 1972.
Facilities
Glenbard, as it was named by Glen Ellyn and Lombard townships, was constructed in 1922 atop Honeysuckle Hill, overlooking Lake Ellyn. Built with dark red brick, the building was built with castle-like design, complete with a turret and other minor castle details. Glenbard West also has a tower known as the sixth floor. From the window of the sixth floor tower, the Willis (formerly Sears) Tower in downtown Chicago can be seen on a clear day.
Athletics were initially played in a gymnasium, built in 1936, in the school building itself, but with the construction of a $12 million state of-the-art field house across the street (nicknamed the Peter "Commish" Mastandrea Field House after the long time and beloved P.E Teacher who retired at the end of 2021-22 school year), the former gym was turned into the Robert D. Elliott Library, named after one of the most influential principals in the school's history. Biester Gym was built in 1958.
Across the road from Glenbard West is Bill Duchon Field, where football, boys' and girls' soccer, and track are played. Originally built in 1923, it was renamed in 1980 in honor of a head football coach who led West to several conference championships. The stadium seats up to 5,000 spectators, with the home side overlooking Lake Ellyn. In 2001, Duchon field was named by USA Today as one of the top 10 places to watch high school football.
Additions to the school were added beginning in 1926. The auditorium was built in 1931, and the East Wing in 1953. Glenbard East was built in 1959 in Lombard, and the original school became Glenbard West. There was a complete renovation of the school during the 1964–1965 school year, adding new choral, band, and physical science facilities. The George Zahrobsky Botanical Garden, Shakespeare Garden and Poets' Corner were added in later years. A new library and field house were completed in 2001, and the most recent additions, the science wings, were added in 2016.
In media
Film and television
Bill Duchon Field was used to stage the football field scenes in the 1986 film Lucas,Fuentes, Gabe; HOLLYWOOD ON LOCATION AT GLENBARD WEST STUDENTS GET CLOSE-UP LOOK AT FILMMAKING; 25 June 1985; Chicago Tribune; accessed 30 July 2009 which featured rising stars such as Corey Haim, Charlie Sheen, and premiered Winona Ryder, Courtney Thorne-Smith, and Jeremy Piven. The school building was also used for shooting scenes. Glenbard West cheerleaders appeared as extras in the film, though the school colors and school name were changed.
The 1991 television documentary Yearbook was also filmed here.Rowland, Debran; "A teen drama in Glen Ellyn? Stay tuned..."; 9 October 1990; Chicago Tribune; accessed 30 July 2009
Literature
It was also featured in the juvenile post-apocalyptic book The Girl Who Owned a City by O. T. Nelson.
Academics
Glenbard West has made Adequate Yearly Progress on the Prairie State Achievement Examination, which with the ACT, comprise the assessments used in Illinois to fulfill the federal No Child Left Behind Act.
In 2015, U.S. News & World Report ranked Glenbard West #520 in the nation and 20th overall in Illinois.
Glenbard West has been ranked among the top 1500 public schools in the United States six times, according to Newsweeks challenge Index. In 2010, the school ranked #900. The school was previously ranked #1022 (2009), #954 (2008), #673 (2007), #626 (2006), #684 (2005), and #711 (2003).
Activities
Active Clubs for the class of 2025
The Forensics Club (Speech, Individual Events) won the team IHSA state championship trophy in 1991. Since then, the team has won numerous individual awards in State Finals. In 2010, the team tied for second overall.
The Theatre program performs in the Larry Shue Auditorium. In 2008, the school's production of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying was performed at the Illinois Theatrefest.
The Model United Nations''' team coached by Richard Kotrba, regularly annually competes at the Brown University, Harvard University, Northwestern University, University of Virginia, University of California, Berkeley, and University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Model UN Conferences. The team has received numerous awards at each of those conferences.
Annual Dances
The West Nation "Back to School" Dance, Homecoming, Heart Hop, and Prom.
Athletics
Glenbard West competes in the West Suburban Conference. The school is also a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA), which governs most sports and competitive activities in Illinois. Teams are stylized as the Hilltoppers.
The school sponsors interscholastic teams for young men and women in basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, boys' lacrosse, and volleyball. Young men may compete in baseball, football, lacrosse, basketball, wrestling, track & field, and cross country, while young women may compete in badminton, field hockey, gymnastics, dance, cheerleading, tennis, golf, swim, basketball, track & field, wrestling, lacrosse, soccer, volleyball, cross country, and softball.
State championships
Basketball (boys): (2021-22)
Cross country (boys): (1960–61)
Cross country (girls): (2013–14)
Football: (1983–84, 2012–13, 2015–16)
Gymnastics (boys): (1995–96, 2016–17)
Gymnastics (girls): (2017–18)
Volleyball (girls): (1983–84, 2015–16)
Volleyball (boys): (2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2021-22, 2022-23)
Track and field (girls): (2016-2017)
School Spirit: Glenbard West Fight Song! Oh, it's G-L-E-N-B-A-R-DOh, well, it's Glenbard, Glenbard fight again!And for the school and team we love so well,We're going to yell and yell and yell and yell and yell!And when the teams in green and white appear,With heads held high we stand and shout and cheer,And for the school and team go on to famewin this game.Fight, team fight!Notable alumni
Laurie Anderson (class of 1965), musician, songwriter, inventor, and performance artist
Zak Bagans (class of 1995), investigator on Travel Channel's Ghost Adventures Samuel Bodman (class of 1956), U.S. Secretary of Energy (2005–2009)
Rob Boras, football coach; tight ends coach of the NFL's Buffalo Bills
Matt Bowen (class of 1995), NFL defensive back (2000–06)
Amy Carlson (class of 1986), actress in film and television (Alex Taylor on TV series Third Watch)
Jeffery Deaver (class of 1968), mystery novelist; chosen as new author of the James Bond novels; created character Lincoln Rhyme in novels including The Bone Collector Erin Gilreath (class of 1998), hammer throw at 2004 Olympics
Alex Green (class of 1982), NFL defensive back (1987)
Mike Hall (class of 2000), sportscaster and ESPN Dream Job winner
Sean Hayes (class of 1988), Emmy Award-winning actor, best known for his role as Jack McFarland on television series Will & GraceBiography: Sean Hayes; New York Times; accessed 29 July 2009
Michael Herbick (class of 1967), Oscar-nominated sound mixer (Lonesome Dove, The Fugitive)
Diane Holum (class of 1968), won Olympic silver and bronze medals (1968) and gold and silver medals (1972) in speed skating
Jim Molinari (class of 1973), men's head basketball coach at Western Illinois, Minnesota, Bradley and Northern Illinois
Alec Pierce (class of 2018), NFL Wide Receiver for the Indianapolis Colts drafted 53rd Overall in the 2022 NFL Draft, Second Team All-AAC Wide Receiver for the Cincinnati Bearcats
Bobby Rahal (class of 1971), auto racer and co-owner of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing; winning driver in the 1986 Indianapolis 500
Nancy Reno (class of 1984), Olympic competitor in beach volleyball (1996), bronze medalist at the 1997 Beach Volleyball World Championships
Peter Roskam (class of 1979), U.S. Congressman, representing Illinois's 6th congressional district (2007–2019)
Janice Rule, actress, psychotherapist
Larry Shue (class of 1964), playwright (The Foreigner)Christiansen, Richard; Obituary: ACTOR LARRY SHUE, COMEDY PLAYWRIGHT; 25 September 1985; Chicago Tribune; When his family moved to the western Chicago suburbs, Mr. Shue attended Glenbard West High School in Glen Ellyn.; accessed 30 July 2009
Gary Sinise, Emmy Award and Golden Globe-winning actor.
John Shurna (class of 2008), all-time leading scorer at Northwestern University in men's basketball
Patricia Tallman (class of 1975), actress, TV series Babylon 5 and film Night of the Living Dead Phil Vischer (class of 1984), author, actor, and puppeteer; co-founded Veggie Tales Ted Wass (class of 1970), actor and director best known for his work on television (Blossom'')
Chris Watt (class of 2009), offensive lineman for Notre Dame and the NFL's San Diego Chargers
References
External links
Official website
Athletics website
Public high schools in Illinois
Educational institutions established in 1922
Glen Ellyn, Illinois
Schools in DuPage County, Illinois
1922 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenbard%20West%20High%20School |
A pelmet (also called a "cornice board") is a framework placed above a window, used to conceal curtain fixtures. These can be used decoratively (to hide the curtain rod) and help insulate the window by preventing convection currents. It is similar in appearance to a valance, which performs the same function but is made of fabric. A pelmet can be made of plywood, and may be painted, or fabric covered.
Exterior timber pelmets are a feature of some historic buildings, fitted on the outside of a window. These may be plain or decorative, with complex fretwork in some examples. These may be purely decorative, or serve to conceal an external blind mechanism.
Due to the appearance of a pelmet, the term is often used to describe an extremely short skirt.
References
External links
Architectural elements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelmet |
"Crazy Man, Crazy" was the title of an early rock and roll song written by, and first recorded by Bill Haley & His Comets in April 1953. It is notable as the first recognized rock and roll recording to appear on the national American musical charts, peaking at #12 on the Billboard Juke Box chart for the week ending June 20, 1953, and #11 for two weeks on the Cash Box chart beginning for the week of June 13.
Some sources indicate that the recording—a blend of R&B, western and pop music—is a contender for the title of the first rock and roll record. Others state that it was merely "the first rock and roll song to be a hit on the pop charts". It was also said to be the first rock and roll recording to be played on national television in the United States (in an episode of
Omnibus in 1953). The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame considers the song "an original amalgam of country and R&B that arguably became the first rock and roll record to register on Billboard'''s pop chart".
The appearance of a comma (or two) in the title varies from source to source. A single comma, after the word "man", is present on the title of the original single release, which is credited to "Bill Haley with Haley's Comets," an early variant of the band's name. Subsequent releases are sometimes rendered as "Crazy, Man, Crazy" with a vocative comma—which is the grammatically correct title, given the original context of the phrase from which the song originates—and sometimes there are no commas included in the song's title at all.
History
The song was written by Bill Haley. Haley said in a 1967 interview with Vancouver, British Columbia DJ Red Robinson that he got the idea for the song from hearing popular catchphrases used by teenagers at school dances where he and his band performed. One of these phrases was "Crazy Man Crazy" while another was "Go, go, go, everybody!" (the latter also featured in a song called "Go Go Go" by the Treniers which music historian Jim Dawson suggests may have been an influence). Haley (and Marshall Lytle) incorporated both phrases into the song. He is said to have written it sitting at the kitchen table while his wife prepared lunch.
The song was recorded at Coastal Studios in New York City and was released soon after by Essex Records. Personnel on the recording included Haley's core Comets members (Lytle, Billy Williamson [steel guitar], and Johnny Grande [piano]), plus session musicians Art Ryerson (lead guitar) and Billy Gussak (drums). Also participating on backing vocals were Dave Miller (owner of Essex Records and Haley's producer) and Jerry Blaine, co-founder of Jubilee Records, who happened to be visiting the studio. (Miller and Blaine were recruited because of the need to create a rowdy party-like sound during the song's chorus and conclusion.) On May 23, 1953, the song entered the American Billboard chart and reached No. 12, becoming the first song generally recognised as rock and roll to be a pop hit.Song artist 90 - Bill Haley & his Comets. The record was the Top Debut on the Cashbox chart for the week of May 23, 1953, debuting at no. 19. This was also Haley's first national success and his first major success with an original song (prior to this he had had regional success with cover versions of "Rocket 88" and "Rock the Joint").
The recording was also a crossover hit, reaching no. 10 on the Billboard Territorial Best Sellers Chart for R&B records in Chicago. A cover version released on Modern by R&B guitarist Lucky Enois with his Quintet was also reviewed in the Rhythm & Blues Record Reviews section in the same issue as "full of infectious excitement" and a "loot catcher".
Essex Records ran a full-page ad in the April 25, 1953 Billboard magazine stating that the single had sold "over 100,000 in 15 days". A photo of Bill Haley, Marshall Lytle, Billy Williamson, and Johnny Grande accompanied the ad.
The recording was released on Essex Records as Essex 321, E-321-A, backed with "Whatcha Gonna Do" by Bill Haley with Haley's Comets and was published by Eastwick Music, BMI. The record was manufactured by the Palda Record Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 78 and 45 formats with an orange label. The recording was also released in the UK in August 1953, as London L 1190 as a 78 with "Whatcha Gonna Do" as the B-side.
In the summer of 1953, "Crazy Man, Crazy" became the first rock and roll song to be heard on national television in the United States when it was used on the soundtrack of Glory in the Flower, an installment of the CBS anthology series, Omnibus. This live production featured James Dean and was a predecessor to his later Rebel Without a Cause. The Paley Center for Media maintains a copy of this production in its archives.
Bill Haley and the Comets performed the song in the 1954 Universal International movie short Roundup of Rhythm, which was the motion picture debut of the band in a musical short directed by Will Cowan that featured a D.J. and his female guest introducing the Comets. This film is regarded as the first rock and roll movie feature predating The Blackboard Jungle (1955) and Rock Around the Clock (1956). The band also performed the song in the 1961 Mexican film Besito a Papa (1961) directed by José Díaz Morales made by Cinematográfica Filmex S.A. and released on September 14, 1961. The film starred Mexican actress Lola Beltran.
Haley would later claim (for example in a 1972 interview with CFQC Radio in Saskatoon, Canada) that "Crazy Man, Crazy" sold a million copies, however no evidence to support this claim has been located. Haley and the Comets would record new versions of the song (without notable commercial success) in 1960 (Warner Bros. Records) and 1972 (Sonet Records), plus a live performance in 1969 (Buddah/Kama Sutra Records). A 45 single was released on Radio Active Gold distributed by Buddah Records produced by Richard Nader. After Haley's death, surviving members of The Comets (which included Marshall Lytle) recorded new versions of the song in 1997 (Rockstar Records), 2000 (Rollin Rock Records) and 2002 (Bradley House Records).
The Original Comets featuring Dick Richards on drums and Joey Ambrose on lead vocals performed the song live on July 5, 2014 at the Wildest Cats concert in the UK with Jacko Buddin on lead guitar.
Cover versions
Ralph Marterie and his Orchestra also had a major hit with their version in 1953 as Mercury 70153, which Cashbox paired with the Bill Haley recording on July 4, 1953, peaking at #11. Marterie reached no. 13 on the Billboard Jockey chart with his version for the week ending June 20, 1953. It is sometimes claimed that sax player Rudy Pompilli, later to join the Comets, was on this record, but there is no evidence of this. Ralph Marterie's recording was #93 on the Billboard Top 100 Records of 1953. The Ralph Marterie version on Mercury, Mercury 70153, with vocals by Larry Regan and the Smarty-Airs, backed with "Go Away", was also released on Oriole, CB. 1199, in the UK and Deutsche Austroton, M 70153.
A May 23, 1953 Billboard magazine article noted that Lucky Anois had recorded a version of "Crazy Man, Crazy" on the Modern Records label.
Rockabilly singer Robert Gordon recorded a version in the 1970s which was on the Bad Boy (1980) and Robert Gordon is Red Hot (1989) albums.
In Britain, a contemporary cover was issued by former band singer Lita Roza with Ted Heath (bandleader) and His Music on Decca, Decca F10144, in July, 1953, backed with "Oo! What you Do to Me".
A German-language version was recorded in 1954 by Renee Franke with the Max Greger Band on Polydor, Polydor 23078. Max Greger was a German jazz saxophonist and bandleader who has performed with Louis Armstrong.
Bernie Saber and his Orchestra recorded a version on Tunepac Records, as Tunepac 5002, with Ray Brankey on vocals in 1954. Bernie Saber co-wrote, with Robert Noel, "Good Things from the Garden", which was the Jolly Green Giant jingle: "From the valley of the jolly--ho, ho, ho!!--green giant!"
Billy Jack Wills, the brother of Bob Wills, recorded the song in 1953, a recording which was re-released in 1999 on the Crazy, Man, Crazy album collection.
The R&B group the Lucky Enois Quintet released the song in 1953 on Modern.
Erwin Lehn and Suedfunk-Tanzorchester released a version in 1955 on Deutsche Columbia as EP 21-7518 entitled "Nur Für Tänzer".
American-born Swedish musician Ernie Englund and his Crazy Men recorded the song in 1953 and released it as a 78 single on Karusell K45 b/w "Minka" in Sweden, which is regarded as the first rock and roll record released in Sweden.
In 1991, Chimbo's Revival released the song as a 45 picture sleeve single on High Mountain Records.
Bill Haley's Comets and The Original Band, Bill Haley's Original Comets, have also recorded the song. Marshall Lytle has performed the song in concert with Bill Haley, Jr. and the Comets with Bill Turner and The Blue Smoke Band. Bill Haley, Jr. has recorded and also performed the song live in concert. Johnny Kay's Rockets released a recording of the song on the 2009 CD album on Hydra: Johnny Kay: Tale of a Comet.
Phil Haley and the Comments have recorded the song and performed it live in concert in 2008, with the performances available on YouTube.
A player piano version was recorded by J. Lawrence Cook which was originally issued as QRS 8980 and reissued as part of a 3-song medley entitled "Bill Haley Hits No. 1" on QRS XP-440.
R&B saxophonist Big Jay McNeely released an answer record ("Nervous Man Nervous") on Federal Records as 12141 as a 78rpm 10" shellac and a 7" 45rpm single in August, 1953 featuring the chorus from "Crazy Man, Crazy" and the "go, go, go, go, go, go" refrain.
A 1953 advertisement for an appearance by Bill Haley and the Comets at the Hofbrau Hotel in Wildwood, New Jersey noted that the Hamilton Trio danced to "Crazy Man Crazy" on the Your Show of Shows TV program and that Danny Kaye, Ralph Marterie, The Ravens, and the Mellowaires had "jumped" on the song.
The Danish band The Hellions released an A side 45 single version in 1965 on Odeon/EMI.
Finnish singer Esa Pakarinen released the song as a 45 single in 1976 as "Hullu Mies Hullu" on Polydor.
The Stargazers recorded the song in 1991 on the Back in Orbit album.
Tim Timebomb released an instrumental version on the Pirates Press label in 2012. He also released a version with vocals on Hellcat.
Hank Biggs and The Hardtops released a version on the 2013 album Lucky Streak.
Eddie Rivers of Asleep at the Wheel recorded a version in 2013 on the Plain Talkin' Man album.
The Lake Travis Fiddlers featuring Ray Benson recorded a version on the 2016 I Hear You Talkin' album.
Sources
Jim Dawson, Rock Around the Clock: The Record That Started the Rock Revolution! (Backbeat Books, 2005), pp. 50–55.
John W. Haley and John von Hoelle, Sound and Glory (Dyne-American, 1990).
John Swenson, Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll'' (Stein & Day, 1985).
Rockabilly Hall of Fame website with information on the history of "Crazy Man, Crazy."
Billboard, June 27, 1953, page 30, Most Played in Juke Boxes Chart.
References
1953 songs
1953 singles
Bill Haley songs
Essex Records singles
Songs written by Bill Haley | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crazy%20Man%2C%20Crazy |
Enniskillen Castle is situated in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It was originally built in the 16th century and now contains the Fermanagh County Museum and a museum for the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards and Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.
History
Hugh Maguire built a castle at Enniskillen in 1428. It was besieged by Captain John Dowdall's troops at the start of 1594 and fell on 2 February after a short siege, when the occupants were massacred after they surrendered. The castle was again under siege later that year but was relieved. The fortress finally fell to the Irish in 1595. The castle remained in Irish hands until it fell to the crown's Irish ally, Niall Garve O'Donnell in the summer of 1602. In 1607 Captain William Cole was given command of the castle. Cole remodelled and refurbished the castle adding the riverside tower at the south, known as the Watergate, in 1609. He purchased the castle outright in 1623. It was unsuccessfully besieged by Rory Maguire during the Irish Rebellion of 1641, during which it sheltered Protestant settlers.
The castle was remodelled as "Castle Barracks" as part of the response to a threat of a French invasion in 1796. Castle Barracks became the home of the 27th Regiment of Foot in 1853. The regiment moved to purpose-built facilities at St Lucia Barracks, Omagh in 1875 and evolved, after amalgamation, to become the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in 1881.
The barracks continued to be used by other regiments and, from November 1939, they became to home of the North Irish Horse, a Territorial Army unit. The barracks were decommissioned in 1950 and were converted for use as council depot. The castle was subsequently opened to the public as a heritage centre.
Features and collections
The Castle consists of two sections, a central tower keep and a curtain wall which was strengthened with small turrets called Bartizans. The design of the castle has strong Scottish influences. This can be particularly seen in the Watergate, which features two corbelled circular tourelles which were built about 1609. It is a State Care Historic Monument.
The castle is now home to the Fermanagh County Museum, which focuses on the county's history, culture and natural history. Exhibits include the area's prehistory, natural history, traditional rural life, local crafts and Belleek Pottery, and history of the castle. It also contains information on the Maguire family. The castle also contains the Inniskillings Museum for the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards.
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
References
Sources
James O'Neill, 'Threes sieges and two massacres: Enniskillen at the outbreak of the Nine Years War, 1593-5, The Irish Sword, xxx, no. 121 (2016), pp 241-9
External links
Fermanagh County Museum - official site
The Inniskillings Museum - official site
Castles in County Fermanagh
Enniskillen
Museums in County Fermanagh
Regimental museums in Northern Ireland
Local museums in Northern Ireland
Biographical museums in Northern Ireland
State Care Monuments of Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enniskillen%20Castle |
Western Tokyo, also known as the , or , in the Tokyo Metropolis consists of 30 ordinary municipalities (cities (市 shi), towns (町 machi) and one village (村 mura)), unlike the eastern part which consists of 23 special wards.
Before it was transferred to Tokyo in 1893, the Tama area, then also still often referred to as the (referring to the West, North and South Tama counties it consisted of) had formed the Northern part of Kanagawa Prefecture.
Overview
Whereas in the east of Tokyo Metropolis the 23 special wards occupy the area that was formerly Tokyo City, the west consists of 30 other ordinary municipalities: cities (Nos. 1–26), towns (Nos. 27, 28, 30) and a village (No. 29).
List of cities, towns and village
The towns of Hinode, Mizuho, and Okutama, and the village of Hinohara make up the non-contiguous Nishitama District.
The offshore islands of Tokyo (including the Bonin, Volcano, Izu island chains, and the uninhabited islands of Okinotorishima and Minamitorishima) are not considered part of Western Tokyo.
History
Under the Ritsuryō system, Western Tokyo was part of Musashi Province. The provincial capital was at Fuchū. The provincial temple (kokubunji) was at Kokubunji and the principal shrine (ichinomiya) was at Tama.
Western Tokyo previously consisted of three districts:
(lit. "Western Tama") encompassed the present-day cities of Akiruno, Fussa, Hamura, and Ōme; in addition to the four municipalities (3 towns and a village) that still remain a part of the district.
(lit. "Southern Tama") covered the area now occupied by Hachiōji, Hino, Inagi, Tama, and Machida. With the formation of Inagi (the last city to be created in Tokyo in 1971), Minamitama District ceased to exist.
(lit. "Northern Tama") consisted of the locations of the present-day cities of Akishima, Chōfu, Fuchū, Higashikurume, Higashimurayama, Higashiyamato, Kiyose, Kodaira, Koganei, Kokubunji, Komae, Kunitachi, Mitaka, Musashimurayama, Musashino, Nishitokyo, and Tachikawa, as well as some land now in Setagaya. With the establishment of the city of Musashimurayama in 1970, Kitatama District ceased to exist.
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Tokyo |
Philia is one of the four ancient Greek words for love.
Philia may also refer to:
Philia (Greco-Roman magic), in Greco-Roman religion.
"Philia" (song), a song by Versailles.
Philia (Thrace), town of ancient Thrace.
Philia culture, which existed on Cyprus in the middle and late Bronze Age.
-philia, a suffix.
Philia (nymph), Greek mythology.
280 Philia, an asteroid named after the previous item.
Philia, a character in the Sword Art Online videogame series.
Philia, a character in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.
Philia, a character in the movie All About Lily Chou-Chou.
"Philia (Prelude)", a song by Flobots from Noenemies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philia%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Working Men's Club and Institute Union (CIU or C&IU) is a voluntary association of private members' clubs in Great Britain & Northern Ireland, with about 1,800 associate clubs. One club in the Republic of Ireland, the City of Dublin Working Men's Club is also affiliated. Most social clubs are affiliated to the CIU.
They do not have to be working men's clubs, although most are. There are many village clubs, Royal British Legions, Labour Clubs, Liberal Clubs, and various other clubs involved. A member of one CIU-affiliated club is entitled to use the facilities of all other CIU clubs, although they will only be entitled to vote in committee elections in clubs where they are full members.
The CIU has two main purposes: to provide a voice at national level for working men's clubs and social clubs, and to provide discounted products and services for its members.
History
The Club and Institute Union was founded by The Rev. Henry Solly in 1862. A great propagandist for clubs, he provided a much needed conceptual clarity to the notion of club work. He was also an important advocate for the extension of working class political rights and helped to set up the Charity Organisation Society.
The CIU as a national body is non-political, but individual clubs can be affiliated to political parties. Originally, it was a middle class-led philanthropic organisation aimed at education and non-alcoholic recreation. However, working men themselves soon took over the running of the CIU and drinks were allowed.
In the Victorian era, the Liberal Working Men's Clubs were prominent in increasing the Union's membership. Sometimes Liberal Clubs were called Gladstone Clubs in honour of the Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone. In some working-class areas, local landowners and business owners would contribute to the cost: however, as land was relatively cheaper in those days, it was fairly easy for groups of men to buy the land and establish the clubs using their own skills and labour.
In the pre- and post-World War I era, these clubs were often associated with trade societies and trade union branches. In the miners' strike of the early 1980s, the Miners' Welfare Clubs played a key role in their support of the strike. Other such clubs can still be recognised by their name, e.g. Engineers or Railwaymen's Clubs. There were also Socialist Clubs, built before the establishment of the Labour Party. Labour Clubs were founded as that party grew in size in the 1920s. Generally, Conservative Clubs did not join, as they formed their own federation (though there are some such venues still in existence). Servicemen returning from the Great War would also found clubs, and Roman Catholic parishes had clubs. The only stipulation demanded for membership of the CIU was that clubs be owned by the members and accept the standards of membership, as they were often subject to inspection.
The wealthier clubs have sports pitches and dining facilities, as well as indoor games and entertainment. Many entertainers developed their skills in them over the years, as depicted in the ITV series The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club.
Until 2004, the CIU had its own beer brewed by the Federation brewery in Dunston, Tyne and Wear. Although CIU-affiliated clubs do still receive discounted beer, these discounts are largely passed on to the members, and Federation beer will generally be cheaper than beer available in local pubs. The brewery was taken over by Scottish & Newcastle in 2004 and now brews Newcastle Brown Ale.
Together with other club organisations such as the Royal British Legion, the Association of Conservative Clubs, the National Union of Liberal Clubs and the National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs, the CIU is part of CORCA (Confederation of Registered Club Associations) which lobbies Parliament on behalf of clubs. This group was active in the debate about smoking: as most clubs are known for working men who like to drink and smoke (in many cases without any women in the bar), there is some concern about the future prospects of clubs.
The CIU holds a national congress every year and as part of its activities runs convalescent homes. In many ways, it could be said to be the oldest surviving friendly society still run by its members, and continues to play a part in the cultural life of working-class families.
Today
The Working Men's Club and Institute Union is now the largest non-profit-making social entertainment and leisure organisation in the UK, representing the interests and views of six million club members.
The Working Men's Club and Institute has come a long way since 1862. However, it could be said that working men's clubs have suffered from an old-fashioned image among young people, and have found it hard to compete with modern trends, resulting in many closures of clubs in recent years. The problem has recently become acute, particularly in relation to anti-smoking legislation, which the CIU unsuccessfully lobbied MPs to exempt clubs from. The CIU has changed in recent years, and women are now allowed full membership rights. Some clubs have broadened their appeal by letting local community groups use the facilities.
The Working Men's Club and Institute Unions HQ is in London.
The current National Officials of the Union
President – George Smith
Vice President – Ken Roberts CMD AMC
General Secretary – Kenneth D Green CMD AMC
C&IU Clubs in Republic of Ireland
City of Dublin Working Men's Club.(Former), Expelled from the union in 2019 for non payment of annual fees.
References
External links
Homepage of the C&IU
Club Historians
Clubs and societies in the United Kingdom
Working men's clubs
1862 establishments in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working%20Men%27s%20Club%20and%20Institute%20Union |
Tully Castle (Irish: Caisleán na Tulaí meaning "castle on the hill") is a castle situated in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, near the village of Blaney, on Blaney Bay on the southern shore of Lower Lough Erne. The Blaney area takes its name from Sir Edward Blaney, who was among the English advance party sent to Fermanagh to organise the Plantation.
Tully Castle was built for Sir John Hume, a Scottish planter. During the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the rebel soldier Rory Maguire set out to recapture his family’s lands. He arrived at Tully Castle with a large following on Christmas Eve, and found the castle full of women and children. Most of the men were away. Lady Mary Hume surrendered the Castle, believing that she had assured a safe conduct for all in her care, but on Christmas Day the Maguires killed 60 women and children and 15 men, sparing only the Humes. The castle was burnt and the Humes never returned.
Tully Castle and village site are State Care Historic Monuments sited in the townland of Tully, in Fermanagh District Council area, at grid ref: H1267 5664.
See also
List of castles in Northern Ireland
References
Citations
Bibliography
Tully Castle
Culture Northern Ireland
See Bill Wilsdon's "Plantation Castles on the Erne" for additional information on this and other castles in the Erne region.
Castles in County Fermanagh
Ruined castles in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland Environment Agency properties
State Care Monuments of Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tully%20Castle |
Hypersonic XLC was a roller coaster located at Kings Dominion in Doswell, Virginia. Hypersonic was built by S&S Worldwide (now S&S – Sansei Technologies), a company specializing in air-powered rides, and was the first compressed air launch coaster in the world. Hypersonic was S&S Worldwide's actual prototype for an air-launched coaster, called Thrust Air 2000.
The ride was originally fabricated by Intermountain Lift, Inc. It was reconstructed at Kings Dominion after being moved from its original location in Utah. S&S Worldwide also greatly modified the section following the 90° drop to accommodate Kings Dominion's landscape and to properly bank the turn.
In 2007, Hypersonic XLC was closed and later dismantled.
History
In 1999, S&S Worldwide built a prototype roller coaster at their testing facility in Logan, Utah. It was called the Thrust Air 2000 and featured a unique one-of-a-kind launch system known as a compressed air launch. The prototype featured an oval layout with a top hat. The trains featured over-the-shoulder restraints and rubber tires instead of polyurethane wheels. The polyurethane wheels would cause a lot of noise during the launch. Originally, the coaster was supposed to be built at California's Great America, but those plans were scrapped.
On August 1, 2000, it was announced that Hypersonic XLC would be coming to Kings Dominion for the 2001 season. It would be one of the park's three launched roller coasters, with the others being Flight of Fear and Volcano: The Blast Coaster. To save on costs, the park decided to buy the Thrust Air 2000 prototype from the S&S Worldwide testing facility. The ride would have some differences from when it was originally built. These changes included lap bar restraints and a longer layout. Over 60 trucks carried the track and other components on a journey across the United States. Construction of Hypersonic XLC began in October 2000 when track pieces arrived at Kings Dominion.
Hypersonic XLC officially opened to the general public on time on March 24, the first day of the 2001 season.
The attraction suffered from constant downtime, since it was a prototype. Hypersonic XLC was closed for three months during the 2002 season to undergo modifications. On June 20, 2002, the ride reopened with a few minor changes.
During the 2006-2007 off-season, Kings Dominion put Hypersonic XLC up for sale. The attraction would operate for the final time in 2007. In January 2008, the park removed Hypersonic from its web site. On the park's opening day on March 22, 2008, Hypersonic XLC had been disassembled and was placed in its current laydown yard, along part of the park's back road.
In 2009, El Dorado took the spot of where Hypersonic XLC once stood. After its removal two years later, WindSeeker opened in its place in 2012. The platform is all that remains at the ride's former location between Grizzly and Twisted Timbers.
Ride experience
After a launch from 0 to in 1.8 seconds up a 90° incline, the ride crested a hill, and without fully slowing, plummeted down a 90° dive. Next, the coaster performed a banked left turn, went through a smaller banked right turn, and skirted a small hill before heading into the brake run.
Launch system
Hypersonic XLC's launch system was comparatively new technology utilizing compressed air to launch the ride train. It is very similar to the launch system used to launch Space Shot rides, also developed by S&S – Sansei Technologies. Characteristics of compressed air launches are shorter runways and quicker acceleration, when compared to hydraulic and LIM/LSM launch platforms.
The compressed air launch system is used on the world's fastest-accelerating ride, Do-Dodonpa, which accelerates to in just 1.56 seconds. It was also used on Ring Racer.
References
Thrust Air 2000
Roller coasters operated by Cedar Fair
2001 establishments in Virginia
2007 disestablishments in Virginia
Former roller coasters in Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic%20XLC |
The Cahuapanan languages are a language family spoken in the Amazon basin of northern Peru. They include two languages, Chayahuita and Jebero, which are spoken by more than 11,300 people. Chayahuita is spoken by most of that number, but Jebero is almost extinct.
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kechua, Arawak, Kandoshi, Pukina, and Karib language families due to contact.
Varieties
Chayahuita or Chawi (also known or rendered as Balsapuertino, Cahuapa, Chayabita, Chayawita, Chayhuita, Tshaahui, Paranapura, Shayabit)
Chayahuita dialect
Cahuapana dialect
Jebero (also known or rendered as Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila)
Glottolog classifies the extinct language Maynas as close to Chawi.
Other Cahuapanan varieties that are listed by Loukotka (1968):
Yamorai - spoken on the Sillai River in Loreto Department
Ataguate - extinct language of the same region, once spoken on the Aipena River and around Lake Atagua (unattested)
Pamdabegue - once spoken on the Aipena River and Paranapura River in Loreto Department (unattested)
Miguira (Shuensampi, Miquira, Mikirá) - extinct language once spoken in the single village of Maucallacta on the Paranapura River
Proto-language
Rojas-Berscia (2019)
Rojas-Berscia (2019) gives the following forms for Proto-Kawapanan, along with their respective Shawi, and Shiwilu reflexes.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Proto-Kawapanan !! Shawi !! Shiwilu
|-
| agouti || *îtɘʔ || ihtɘʔ || ɘttʃɘk
|-
| Aipena River || *aîpina ~ *îpina || aipina || ɘrpina
|-
| anona || *aɘ ~ *ɘ || ɘ-(ʃa), aɘ || ɘk-pi
|-
| apangora crab || *sîwa || ʃiwa || sɘrwa
|-
| armadillo || *tiʔlɘ(ʔ) || tɘʔnɘ-ʃa(ʔ)wɘ || tʃiʔlɘk
|-
| bat || *isɘʔ || isɘʔ || iʃɘk
|-
| belly || *yuʔ || yoʔ || ð̞u ʔ
|-
| bird || *iLansîʔ, *ilansîʔ || inansi-raʔ, ina(i)nʃi-ra ~ inai-ra || ilansɘrʔ
|-
| bite || *ki-tɘ(ʔ)- || kɘ-tɘ- || ki-tɘk-
|-
| blood || *wɘLa-yɘʔ || wɘna-iʔ || wɘkla-ð̞ek
|-
| boa || *kupi-wan || kopi-wan || kupiwan
|-
| boquichico || *wankî || wanki || wankɘr-tʃɘk
|-
| breadfruit || *pîtu || pito || pɘttʃu
|-
| brother (of a woman) || *yuʔyuʔ || yoʔyoʔ || yuyuʔ
|-
| burn (vt.) || *yiʔsîʔ- || iʔʃi- 'dip into salt’ || ð̞iʔsɘrʔ-
|-
| carry || *piʔpɘ(ʔ)- || pɘʔpɘ- || piʔpɘk-
|-
| chest || *tiʔ-tɘʔ || tɘʔ-tɘʔ ‘breast (of birds)’ || tʃiʔ-tɘk
|-
| choro monkey || *suluʔ || soroʔ || suluʔ
|-
| cicada || *kaʼyula || kaʔyora || kað̞ula
|-
| condor || *tamɘ || tamɘ || tamɘk
|-
| coto monkey || *luʔluʔ || noʔnoʔ || luʔluʔ
|-
| cover:CL || *-tɘʔ || -tɘʔ || -tɘk
|-
| cunchi || *tuʔwan || toʔwan || tuʔwan
|-
| cunchi (fish sp.) || *ikîa-La ~ *ikîla-La || ikia-na < *îkîa-{l/n}a || ikɘλa-la
|-
| cunchi, tullu uma || *tuʔwan || toʔwan || tuʔwan
|-
| curassow || *iʼsa || iʔsa || iʃa
|-
| ear || *wɘ || wɘ-ra-tɘʔ || wɘk
|-
| earth || *luʔpaʔ || noʔpaʔ || luʔpaʔ
|-
| earth:CL || *-luʔ || -nuʔ || - luʔ
|-
| egg || *kayuʔ || kayoʔ || kað̞uʔ
|-
| evening star || *îʔwa-yu || iʔwa-yo || ɘrʔwa-ð̞u
|-
| feather, bodily hair || *anpuluʔ || anporoʔ || anpuluʔ
|-
| fire || *pɘn || pɘn || pɘn
|-
| firewood || *yiwɘ || iwɘ || ð̞iwɘk
|-
| fish || *samî || sami || samɘr
|-
| floodplain || *titɘ(ʔ)-pi || tɘtɘ-pi ~ tɘti-wi || tʃitɘk-pi-luʔ
|-
| flower || *yanku || yanko || ð̞anku
|-
| foot || *lan-tɘʔ || nan-tɘʔ || lan-tɘk
|-
| genipa || *ɘsa || isa || ɘksa
|-
| giant armadillo || *ipɘ || ɘpɘ ~ ipɘ || ipɘk
|-
| hair || *aîn ~ *în || ain || ɘrn
|-
| head || *mutuʔ || motoʔ || mutuʔ
|-
| horn || *pɘnmun || pomon || pɘnmun
|-
| house || *piyɘʔ || pɘiʔ || pið̞ɘk
|-
| huaman samana tree || *anpînian || anpinian || anpɘnɲan
|-
| huangana || *laman || naman || laman
|-
| huasaco || *aʔlanan || aʔnanan || aʔlanan
|-
| huito tree || *ɘsa || isa || ɘksa
|-
| husband || *suʔya || suʔya, suʔ-in || suð̞a, suð̞-in
|-
| irapai palm || *panpɘ || panpɘ || panpɘk-lu
|-
| jaguar || *niʼniʔ || niʔniʔ || ɲiɲiʔ(-wa)
|-
| knee || *tuʔtuʔpi || toʔtopi || tuʔtuʔpi
|-
| leaf for the roof || *paLi || pani-ra || paʎi
|-
| leg || *tuLa || tona || tula
|-
| liquid:CL || *-yɘʔ || -iʔ || -ð̞ɘk
|-
| lisa fish || *nîka-la || nika-ra || nɘrka-la
|-
| louse || *timɘn || tɘmɘn || tʃimɘn
|-
| macana fish || *sîʼwi(n) || ʃiʔwi-roʔ || sɘrwin
|-
| maize || *tiʔtîʔ || ʃiʔʃiʔ < *tîʔtîʔ || tʃitɘr ~ tʃitɘrʔ
|-
| mammal sp. || *puʔsî || poʔʃi ‘squirrel sp.’ || puʔsɘr ‘pygmy-marmoset’
|-
| manioc || *kîʔ || kiʔ || kɘrʔ
|-
| maquisapa || *tuʼya || toʔya || tuð̞a
|-
| moriche palm || *tipî || ʃipi < *tîpî || tʃipɘr ~ tʃipɘrʔ
|-
| mosquito net || *tipî-tɘʔ || ʃipi-tɘʔ < *tîpî-tɘʔ || tʃipɘr-tʃɘk ~ tʃipɘt-tʃɘk
|-
| mouth, language || *lanlan/*lanlam-V-, *laʔlaʔ || nanan / nanam-ɘn ||
|-
| musmuque monkey || *kuyɘ || kuwi || kuð̞ɘk
|-
| nail || *tuʔ-tɘ(ʔ)-la || toʔ-tɘ-ra-tɘʔ || tuʔtɘk-la
|-
| name || *linlin || ninin || ʎinʎin
|-
| nose || *nî-tɘʔ || ni-tɘʔ || nɘrtʃɘk ~ nɘttʃɘk
|-
| opossum || *ana-sî || anaʃi || anasɘr
|-
| otter || *yɘnni || ini || ð̞ɘnɲi
|-
| over || *ayi- || ai- || að̞i-
|-
| pain in the eye || *yaʼpi- || yaʔpi-ra ‘eye’ || ð̞api-
|-
| pineapple || *sînpa || ʃinpa || sɘrnpa
|-
| platanillo || *tanku || tanko ‘platanillo’ || tanku ‘banana’
|-
| porcupine || *sisɘ(ʔ) || sɘsɘʔ ~ sɘsɘ || sisɘk ~ siʔsɘk
|-
| pressing with fingernails || *yɘʔ- || iʔ- || ð̞ɘk-
|-
| pucacuru ant || *lipî || nipi || lipɘr-λa
|-
| pus || *yuLîʔ || yoniʔ || ð̞ulɘrʔ-yuʔ
|-
| rain || *uʔlan || oʔnan || uʔlan
|-
| recently/late, afternoon || *îʔwa || iʔwa || ɘrʔwa
|-
| reed || *siwî(n) || ʃiwi || siwɘn-ɲan
|-
| river mouth || *tinpîn-nan / *tinpîn-nam- || tʃinpinam-ɘn || tʃinpɘnɲan
|-
| root || *i-tɘʔ || i-tɘʔ || i-tɘk
|-
| rope || *iLa-lin || ina-rin || ila-ʎin
|-
| sachavaca, tapir || *panwala || pawara || panwala
|-
| sand || *yî-luʔ-tɘʔ || i-nu-tɘʔ || ð̞ɘ-λuʔ-tɘk
|-
| scare || *ayi(ʔ)wan || aiwan || að̞iwan-
|-
| shrimp || *wan || wan-ʃa || wan-ʃɘn
|-
| sister (of a man) || *utî || oʃi, uʃi || utɘr
|-
| sister (of a woman) || *kayɘ || kai, 3 kai-n || kað̞ɘk, kað̞ɘ-n
|-
| sour || *aî- ~ *î- || ai- || ɘr-
|-
| sweet || *kasî- || kaʃi || kasɘr
|-
| termite || *îʔtɘ(ʔ)l... ~ *îʔtɘ(ʔ)l... || iʔtɘrɘʔ || ɘttʃɘkla
|-
| thief (> to steal) || *apî(ʔ) || apiʔ || apɘr-
|-
| thin || *simɘn || ʃimɘn- || simɘn
|-
| thorn || *lawan || nawan || lawan
|-
| tick || *tɘpa || tɘpa || tɘkpa
|-
| to believe || *latɘ(ʔ)- || natɘ- || latɘk-
|-
| to bite || *ki-tɘ(ʔ)- || kɘtɘ- || kitɘk
|-
| to burn || *aʼpɘ(ʔ)- || aʔpɘ- || apɘk-
|-
| to burn (vt.) || *yiʔsîʔ- || iʔʃi- ‘to dip into salt’ < *yîʔsî- || ð̞iʔsɘrʔ
|-
| to bury || *paʼpîʔ- || paʔpi- || papɘrʔ-
|-
| to carry || *piʔpɘ(ʔ)- || pɘʔpɘ- || piʔpɘk-
|-
| to climb || *nanpɘ(ʔ)- || nanpɘ- || nanpɘk-
|-
| to come || *wɘʔ- || wɘʔ- || wɘk-
|-
| to crawl || *patɘ(ʔ)- || patɘ- || patɘk-
|-
| to cut || *pɘʔtɘ(ʔ)- ~ *pɘʼtɘ(ʔ)- || pɘʔtɘ- || pɘktɘk-
|-
| to die || *timin- || tʃimin- || tʃimin-
|-
| to die out || *takîʔ- || taki- || takɘrʔ
|-
| to eat, to have sex || *kaʔ- || kaʔ- || kaʔ-
|-
| to end || *nanîʔ- || nani- ‘to end’ || nanɘrʔ- ‘to forget, to flee’
|-
| to fly || *pɘn- || pɘn- || pɘn-
|-
| to fry, to singe || *kɘ-, *kɘ-t- || kɘ-t- || kɘk-
|-
| to gnaw || *wɘLu- || wɘno- || wɘklu-
|-
| to jump || *inyɘ(ʔ)- || nii- || inð̞ɘk
|-
| to kneel || *iyɘnsun- || ison- || yɘnsun-
|-
| to know || *luwî- || nowi- || luwɘr-
|-
| to meet (to find?) || *kapîʔ- || na-kapi- || kapɘrʔ-
|-
| to plant || *tîaʔ- || ʃaʔ- || tɘra-
|-
| to pour || *pasîʔ- || paʃi- ‘to perfume’ || pasɘrʔ-
|-
| to see || *liʔ- || niʔ- || ʎiʔ-
|-
| to sting || *wî- || wi- || wɘr-
|-
| to suck, to lick || *iluʔ- || iro- || iluʔ-
|-
| to sweep || *witɘ(ʔ)- || wɘtɘ- ‘to extend’ || witɘk-
|-
| to tie || *tɘnpuʔ- || tonpoʔ ‘bundle’, tonpo- ~ tɘnpo- || tɘnpuʔ-
|-
| to untie || *ɘʔkî- ~ *ɘʼkî- || iʔki-ri- || ɘkkɘr
|-
| tocon monkey || *tukun || tokon || tukun
|-
| tongue || *ninɘ(ʔ)-la || nɘnɘ-ra || ɲinɘk-la
|-
| toucan || *yuʼwin || yoʔwin || ð̞uwin
|-
| trace || *îʔla || iʔna- || ɘrʔʎa
|-
| vein, sinew, tendon || *îpa-tɘʔ || ipa-tɘʔ || ɘrpa-tɘk
|-
| vine:CL || *-lin || -rin || -lin
|-
| vulture || *supuʔ || sopoʔ || supuʔ
|-
| water || *yɘʔ || iʔ || ð̞ɘk
|-
| who || *yɘn || in || ð̞ɘn
|-
| wound (> to get spoilt, ugly) || *apîʔ || apiʔ || apɘrʔ
|-
| yanguaturi (armadillo sp.) || *ipɘ || ɘpɘ/ipɘ || ipɘk
|-
| you || *kɘnma || kɘma || kɘnma
|}
Valenzuela (2011)
Valenzuela (2011) gives the following Swadesh list table for the Proto-Cahuapana, Jebero, and Chayahuita.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! no. !! Spanish gloss !! English gloss !! Proto-Cahuapana !! Jebero !! Chayahuita
|-
| 1 || yo, me, a mí || I || *kʷa || kʷa, -ku || ka, ku
|-
| 2 || tú || you || *kɨma || kənma || kɨma
|-
| 3a || nosotros (exclusivo) || we (exclusive) || *k[u/i]ja || kuða || kija
|-
| 3b || nosotros (inclusivo) || we (inclusive) || *k[ɨ/a]npu(ʔ)wa(ʔ) || kənmuʔwa || kanpuwa, kamuwa
|-
| 4 || este || this || *[a/i]suʔ || asuʔ || isuʔ
|-
| 5 || él, ella || he, she || *[na/i]na || nana || iná
|-
| 6 || ¿quién? || who? || || ðən || intaʔ
|-
| 7 || ¿qué? || what? || *ma(ʔ) || maʔnən || maʔtaʔ
|-
| 8 || no || no || *kuʔ || kuʔlaʔ || kuʔ
|-
| 9a || todos || all (pl.) || || iɲəɾðapəɾ || kaʔipinan
|-
| 9b || todo || all (sg.) || || iɲə || jaʔipiɾa
|-
| 10 || mucho || many || *na(ʔ)ku(n) || nakusuʔ || naʔkun 'muchos' ("many, pl.")
|-
| 11 || uno || one || *a(ʔ)ɾaʔ || alaʔsaʔ || aʔnaʔ
|-
| 12 || dos || two || *katuʔ || katuʔtaʔ || katuʔ
|-
| 13 || grande || big || || aʔʎupi || panka
|-
| 14 || largo || long || || ʃin || napuɾupi
|-
| 15 || pequeño || small || || aʔməɾ || waʔwiʃin
|-
| 16 || mujer || woman || || kuʔapəɾ || sanapi
|-
| 17 || hombre, varón || man, male || || ənmupinən || kɨmapi
|-
| 18 || persona || person || || muðaʔ || pijapi
|-
| 19 || pájaro || bird || || ʃunpula || inaiɾa
|-
| 20a || jaguar || jaguar || *ni[ʔ]niʔ || ɲiɲiʔ || niʔniʔ
|-
| 20b || perro || dog || || ɲiɲiʔwa || niʔniɾa
|-
| 21 || piojo || louse || *timɨn || tʃimən || tɨmɨn
|-
| 22 || árbol || tree || *naɾa || nala || naɾa
|-
| 23 || semilla, ojo || seed, eye || *ɾaja || laða || -ɾaja 'cara, ojo, semilla' ("face, eye, seed")
|-
| 24 || hoja || sheet || || lalumək || wɨɾun-
|-
| 25 || raíz || root || *itɨk || iɾək || itɨʔ
|-
| 26 || corteza || bark || || tʃipiɾək || ʃaʔwɨtɨʔ
|-
| 27 || piel || skin || || tʃipitək || ʃaʔwɨtɨʔ
|-
| 28 || carne || meat || || tʃutʃu || nuʃa
|-
| 29 || sangre || blood || || uklaðək || wɨnaiʔ
|-
| 30 || hueso || bone || *ɾans[i/ɨ]ʔ || lansiʔ || nansɨʔ
|-
| 31 || grasa || fat, grease || *ija || ija- || ija- 'freír'
|-
| 32 || fuego || fire || *pɨn || pən || pɨn
|-
| 33 || huevo || egg || *kajuʔ || kaðuʔ || kajuʔ
|-
| 34 || sangre || blood || || wiʔwək || pumun
|-
| 35 || hueso || bone || || ʎintək || winan
|-
| 36 || pluma || feather || *anpuɾuʔ || anpuluʔ || anpuɾuʔ
|-
| 37 || pez || fish || *sami || saməɾ || sami
|-
| 38 || pelo || hair || *ain(tɨk) || əntʃək || ain
|-
| 39 || cabeza || head || *mutuʔ || mutuʔ || mutuʔ
|-
| 40 || oreja || ear || *w[i(ʔ)/ɨ]ɾatɨk || wiʔwək || wɨɾatɨʔ
|-
| 41 || ojo || eye || *ja(ʔ)pi || ðapi- 'doler el ojo' ("the eye hurts") || jaʔpiɾa
|-
| 41b || ojo, cara || eye, face || || laða || -ɾaja 'clasificador' ("classifier")
|-
| 42 || uña || nail || *tuʔtɨ(k)ɾa || tuʔtəkla || tuʔtɨɾatɨʔ
|-
| 43 || respirar || breathe || *n[i/ɨ]tɨk || nəʔttʃək (< nəɾ + -tək) || nitɨʔ
|-
| 44 || boca || mouth || *ɾaʔɾa[ʔ/n] || laʔlaʔ || nanan
|-
| 45 || diente || tooth || *ɾatɨk || latək || natiʔ
|-
| 46 || lengua || tongue || *ninɨkɾa || ɲinəkla || nɨnɨɾa
|-
| 47 || pie || foot || *ɾantɨk || lantək || nantɨʔ
|-
| 48 || rodilla || knee || *tutuʔtu[ʔ]pi || tuʔtuʔpi || tuʔtupitɨʔ
|-
| 49 || mano || hand || || itəkla || imiɾa
|-
| 50 || barriga || belly || *juʔ || məɾpi; ikəɾ-ðu(ʔ) 'doler la baɾɾiga' ("the belly hurts") || juʔnau
|-
| 51 || cuello || neck || *kuɾupi || kulupi 'manzana de Adán' ("Adam's apple") || kunupi
|-
| 52 || seno || breast || || muðin || ʃuʔʃu
|-
| 53 || corazón || heart || *jinɾupi || ðinlupi || ninupi
|-
| 54 || hígado || liver || *kankan || kankan || kankan
|-
| 55 || beber || drink || *uʔu- || u- || uʔu
|-
| 56 || comer || eat || *kaʔ || kaʔ- || kaʔ
|-
| 57 || morder || bite || *kitɨ(k) || kitək- || kɨtɨ-
|-
| 58 || ver || see || *ɾiʔ || ʎiʔ- || niʔ-
|-
| 59 || oír || hear || || lawək- || natan-
|-
| 60 || saber || know || || ɲintʃi- 'aprender' ("to catch") || nitotɨ-
|-
| 61 || dormir || sleep || *w[i/ɨ]C(ʔ) || witʃiʔ- || wɨʔɨ-
|-
| 62 || morir || die || *timin || tʃimin- || tʃimin-
|-
| 63 || matar || kill || || ðiʔ- || tɨpa-
|-
| 64 || nadar || swim || *(i)jun || iðun- || jun-
|-
| 65 || volar || fly || *pɨn || pənnuʔ- || pɨn-
|-
| 66 || ir || go || *paʔ || paʔ- || paʔ-
|-
| 67 || venir || come || *wɨ(k) || wək- || wɨ-
|-
| 68 || estar echado, echarse || lying down || || pəkkwaʔ- || kɨwɨn- 'echarse' ("to lie down")
|-
| 69 || estar sentado, sentarse || seated || || ðuʔ- || wɨnsɨ-
|-
| 70 || estar parado || standing up || *wani || wanəɾ- || wani-
|-
| 71 || dar || give || || ənkaʔ- || kɨtɨ-
|-
| 72 || decir || say || *it(ɨ/u) || (i)ɾ- || itɨ- 'dice' ("say")
|-
| 73 || sol || sun || || kəkki || piʔi
|-
| 74 || luna || moon || *juki || ðukəɾ || juki
|-
| 75 || estrella || star || *ta(n)juɾa || tanðula || tajuɾa
|-
| 76 || agua || water || || ðək || iʔʃa, tɨʔkɨin 'río' ("river")
|-
| 77 || lluvia || rain || *uʔɾan || uʔlan || uʔnan
|-
| 78 || piedra || stone || *ɾaʔpi || laʔpi || naʔpi
|-
| 79 || arena || sand || || ðəʎuʔtɨk, kaʎiluʔ || inutɨʔ
|-
| 80 || tierra || earth || *ɾu(ʔ)paʔ || lupaʔ || nuʔpaʔ
|-
| 81 || nube || cloud || || ðinpanluʔtək || wiɾiɾuʔtɨ, jaɾaɾuʔtɨ, piʔiɾutɨ, ʃituɾuʔ
|-
| 82 || humo || smoke || || kəʎu || kunaiʔ
|-
| 83 || ceniza || ashes || *jaɾuʔ || pənðaluʔ || januʔ
|-
| 84 || quemar(se) || burn || *w[i/ɨ](ʔ)ki || wəʔkəɾ- || wiki-
|-
| 85 || camino || road || || intʃilala || iɾa
|-
| 86a || cerro || mountain || *mutupi || mutupi || mutupi
|-
| 86b || selva || jungle || *tanan || tanan || tanan
|-
| 87 || rojo || red || || pipəɾ || kɨwan
|-
| 88 || verde || green || || wawa 'una fruta' ("a fruit"), aðawaʔ 'opaco' ("opaque") || kanuɾa
|-
| 89 || amarillo || yellow || *ʃaʔpi(ʔ) || ʃaʔpiʔ || ʃaʔpitun
|-
| 90 || blanco || white || || ðaða || wiɾitun
|-
| 91 || negro || black || || kəɾ || jaɾatun
|-
| 92 || noche || night || || kasisəɾ 'oscuro' ("dark") || taʃiʔ
|-
| 93 || gusano || worm || *kuwi(ʔ) || kuweɾ 'lombriz' ("earthworm") || kuwiʔ
|-
| 94 || frío || cold || || sanək || sɨwɨn
|-
| 95 || lleno || full || || muɾ || mɨntaʃa, mɨnta- 'estar lleno' ("to be full")
|-
| 96 || nuevo || new || *na || nalu || naʃa
|-
| 97 || bueno || good || || mukankan, uʔtʃimu 'bonito' ("beautiful") || nuja
|-
| 98 || redondo || round || || munkun || putʃin jaʔnuɾinsuʔ, tawiʃi
|-
| 99 || seco || dry || || ən- 'estar seco' ("to be dry") || jakɨn
|-
| 100 || nombre || name || *ɾiɾin || ʎi(n)ʎin || ninin
|}
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968)
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Cahuapanan languages.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Cahuapana !! Chayavita !! Jebero !! Miquirá
|-
! one
| ara || haná || aláʔatsa ||
|-
! two
| katu || kató || katáta ||
|-
! three
| kara || kará || kála ||
|-
! head
| mutu || mostó || móto || hu-mato
|-
! ear
| buek || wuiraté || wuíoga ||
|-
! tooth
| nate || naté || látek ||
|-
! fire
| puín || puíng || pön || punga
|-
! stone
| napí || napí || láʔapi || napi
|-
! sun
| kéki || pií || köki || kogua
|-
! moon
| matáshi || yuxkí || rúkör || rúki
|-
! maize
| tötrla || shiʔishí || chíter || chichi
|-
! dog
| nini || niʔíni || niní || nini
|-
! boat
| nũng || ñong || ñung || nunga
|}
Further reading
Hart, H. L. (1988). Diccionario chayahuita-castellano (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 29). Yarinacocha: Ministerio de Educación and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
References
Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: KAWAPANA
Valenzuela Bismarck, Pilar, 2011, Contribuciones para la reconstrucción del proto-cahuapana: Comparación léxica y grammatical de las lenguas jebero y chayahuita. In W.F.H. Adelaar, P. Valenzuela Bismarck & R. Zariquiey Biondi (eds.), Estudios en lenguas andinas y amazónicas. Homenaje a Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino, pp. 271–304. Lima: Fondo Editorial Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
Language families
Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
Languages of Peru | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahuapanan%20languages |
Dave Miller may refer to:
Dave Miller (baseball) (born 1966), American baseball player and coach
Dave Miller (footballer, born 1921) (1921–1989), English footballer
Dave Miller (footballer, born 1964), English footballer
Dave Miller (New Zealand musician), New Zealand-born musician, leader of Australian band, Dave Miller Set
Dave Miller (producer) (1925–1985), American popular-music record producer
Dave Miller (broadcaster), American broadcaster
Dave Miller (singer-songwriter) (born 1952), American singer-songwriter
Dave Miller (cyclist) (born 1960), English track and road cyclist
Dave Miller (fl. 2000s), American musician, co-founder of rock band Senses Fail
Dave Miller, a fictional character in the TV series Waterloo Road (TV series)
See also
David Miller (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Miller |
Quilpué is a city and capital of the Marga Marga Province in central Chile's Valparaíso Region. It is part of the Greater Valparaíso metropolitan area. It is widely known as "City of the Sun" (Ciudad del Sol) and the urban part of it also comprises the town of El Belloto, an area that showed rapid growth in the late 1990s.
Etymology
There are various theories about the origin of the word Quilpué. According to some, Quilpué means place where there are pigeons, arguing that pigeons were found abundantly in the area and that the name derives from the aboriginal words cullpo (dove) and hue (place). Other authors suggest that it means place of the stone lancet, because the Picunches (the indigenous Mapuche people) were experts in the manufacture of these items that were used for medical procedures. Numbers of these stone lancets have been found in the area's archaeological sites, as well as the original formation which was quarried for them.
Tourism
Quilpué is called Ciudad del Sol because compared to Valparaíso, it has many more sunny days a year. It has metropolitan train, highway and bus connections to Viña del Mar and Valparaíso to the coast, and also towards inland cities. Since housing is cheaper in Quilpué, thousands of people commute every day to the coastal cities.
Quilpué is connected to Santiago through the Route 68, with an estimated travel time of 1.15h by car and 1.30h by inter-regional bus services, that departs and arrive mostly from Pajaritos metro and interchange station, west of the national capital.
Local attractions include a Zoo (only one of the Valparaíso Region), and the rural towns of Colliguay and the Marga-Marga Valley, both with facilities for camping and hiking.
City facts
Surface area:
Population: 128,579 (67,249 females and 61,329 males) – 8.35% of the 5th Region's population.
Urban population: 98.69%
Rural population: 1.31%
(Source: 2002 census)
History
Indigenous peoples had settled the area long before Governor Pedro de Valdivia gave the land to Rodrigo de Araya in 1547. Mining was the main economic activity for many years, until the land was further divided in the 17th century.
Administration
Quilpué was made province capital when the Marga Marga province became effective March 11, 2010. The province was created by Law 20,368 on August 25, 2009.
As a commune, Quilpué is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by a mayor (alcalde) who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Mauricio Viñambres Adasme. The city hall is located at 684 Vicuña Mackenna street. The council has the following members:
Robert Knop Pisano (UDI)
Heriberto Neira Robles (RN)
Urzula Mir Arias (RN)
Adriana Romaggi Chiesa (PS)
Cristian Cardenas Silva (PDC)
Roxana Sepúlveda Alarcón (PRSD)
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Quilpué is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Marcelo Schilling (PS) and Arturo Squella (UDI) as part of the 12th electoral district, (together with Olmué, Limache and Villa Alemana). The commune is represented in the Senate by Ignacio Walker Prieto (PDC) and Lily Pérez San Martín (RN) as part of the 5th senatorial constituency (Valparaíso-Cordillera).
Educational institutions
Campus housing part of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Faculty of Engineering is located in the suburb of Valencia and Universidad de Aconcagua is located in Paso Hondo.
Sports
The city is home to the basketball club Colegio Los Leones de Quilpué which competes in the international Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol and the national Liga Nacional de Básquetbol de Chile. The team plays its home games at the Gimnasio Colegio Los Leones.
Notable residents
Rosita Serrano (1912–1997), singer and actress
References
External links
Municipality of Quilpué
Populated places in Marga Marga Province
Capitals of Chilean provinces
Communes of Chile
Populated places established in 1898
1898 establishments in Chile | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilpu%C3%A9 |
Coco is a 1969 Broadway musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by André Previn, inspired by the life of Coco Chanel. Katharine Hepburn starred in the title role, her first and only in a stage musical.
Background
Theatre producer Frederick Brisson originally had optioned Chanel's life for his wife Rosalind Russell, but Russell had developed acute arthritis, making it difficult for her to function. That meant another leading lady with star quality needed to be found. Irene Selznick suggested Katharine Hepburn, who initially scoffed at the idea of appearing in a musical but agreed to work with former MGM vocal coach Roger Edens for ten days. Following an audition in Selznick's suite at The Pierre Hotel, Hepburn felt comfortable enough to mull seriously the proposition, and was further convinced to accept the offer after meeting Chanel.
Lerner had assured the designer his book would cover only the early years of her life and career, and she was distressed when the plan was jettisoned to accommodate the older star. The highly fictionalized book and score underwent massive revisions and were far from complete when Hepburn concluded filming on The Madwoman of Chaillot, at which time she was scheduled to begin work on the show, and Coco was postponed a season while its creators worked on it.
The six-week rehearsal period finally began in September 1969. Cecil Beaton's set proved to be a complicated piece of machinery that frequently malfunctioned and was difficult for the cast to maneuver, and the final scene required a troublesome coordination of mirrors, platforms, runways, and flashing lights. Hepburn insisted the theater's thermostat be set at 60 degrees and the exterior doors left open, and most of the cast became ill due to the unusually cold fall weather.
Synopsis
Set between early autumn of 1953 and late spring of 1954, fashion designer Coco Chanel, after fifteen years of retirement, decides to return to the world of haute couture and reopen her Paris salon. With her new collection derided by the critics, she faces bankruptcy until buyers from four major American department stores - Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdale's, Best & Company, and Ohrbach's - place orders with her. She becomes involved with the love life of one of her models, and flashbacks utilizing filmed sequences recall her own past romantic flings. Adding humor to the proceedings is a highly stereotypical rude gay designer who tries to impede Chanel's success. The finale is a fashion show featuring actual Chanel designs from 1918 to 1959.
Original cast and characters
Musical numbers
Act I
Overture
But That's the Way You Are - Alex
The World Belongs to the Young - Coco
Let's Go Home - Georges
Mademoiselle Cliche de Paris - Coco
On the Corner of the Rue Cambon - Coco
The Money Rings Out Like Freedom - Coco & Ensemble
A Brand New Dress - Noelle
A Woman Is How She Loves - Georges
Gabrielle - Papa
Coco - Coco
The Preparation - Coco & Company
Act II
Entre D'acte
Fiasco - Sebastian
When Your Lover Says Goodbye - Greff
Coco (Reprise) - Coco
Ohrbach's, Bloomingdale's, Best & Saks -Coco & The Buyers
Ohrbach's, Bloomingdale's, Best & Saks (Reprise) - Coco and Ensemble
Always Mademoiselle - Coco and the Mannequins
A cast recording was released by Paramount Records in 1970. It was reissued on CD by MCA Records in 1997.
Production
After 40 previews, the Broadway production opened on December 18, 1969, at the Mark Hellinger Theatre, where it ran for 329 performances. The show was directed by Michael Benthall and choreographed by Michael Bennett. Ann Reinking was in the chorus in one of her first Broadway shows. Joan Copeland was Hepburn's standby, and Danielle Darrieux replaced Hepburn eight months into the run, but without the drawing power of a major star the poorly reviewed show closed two months later.
Hepburn was scheduled to star in a West End production, but when the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane proved to be unavailable she refused to consider other venues and the project was abandoned. She headed the cast of the US national tour, which opened in Cleveland on January 11, 1971, the day after Chanel's death, which the star acknowledged at the final curtain call. She continued with the tour through June, when it ended at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. Although reviews in most cities were mediocre, it played to sold-out houses everywhere. Despite its financial success, executives at Paramount Pictures, which had financed the original Broadway production - at $900,000, the most expensive show in Broadway history at the time - in exchange for the cast album and film rights, opted not to transfer Coco to the big screen.
During the autumn of 1971, Ginger Rogers starred in a stock tour of Coco that played the Westbury Music Festival, the South Shore Music Circus and the Valley Forge Music Fair. The tour was directed by Fred Hebert and choreographed by Larry Fuller.
Coco was produced as a staged concert by 42nd Street Moon in San Francisco in April and May 2008, starring Andrea Marcovicci in the title role. The production played for a total of 16 performances. It was directed by Mark D. Kaufmann and choreographed by Jayne Zaban. Marcovicci revisited the role in September 2010 for the show's first New York revival as part of the York Theatre Company's Musicals in Mufti.
Coco was presented in London's Sadler's Wells, in 2011, as part of the Lost Musicals project. Ian Marshall Fisher directed, Chris Walker, music director. Coco was played by Sara Kestelman and cast included Edward Petherbridge.
Awards and nominations
Original Broadway production
Notes
References
A Remarkable Woman: A Biography of Katharine Hepburn by Anne Edwards, published by William Morrow and Company (1985), pages 357-372 ()
External links
Internet Broadway Database listing
Katharine Hepburn papers -- Letter from Katharine Hepburn about use of bad language in Coco!
1969 musicals
Broadway musicals
Musicals by Alan Jay Lerner
Compositions by André Previn
Biographical musicals
Musicals set in the 1950s
Cultural depictions of Coco Chanel
Tony Award-winning musicals
Musicals set in Paris | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco%20%28musical%29 |
The Utility Radio or Wartime Civilian Receiver was a valve domestic radio receiver, manufactured in Great Britain during World War II starting in July 1944. It was designed by G.D. Reynolds of Murphy Radio. Both AC and battery-operated versions were made.
History
When war broke out in 1939, British radio manufacturers devoted their resources to producing a range of military radio equipment required for the armed forces. This resulted in a shortage of consumer radio sets and spare parts, particularly valves, as all production was for the services. The war also prompted a shortage of radio repairmen, as virtually all of them were needed in the services to maintain vital radio and radar equipment. This meant it was very difficult for the average citizen to get a radio repaired, and with very few new sets available, there was a desperate need to overcome the problem.
The government solved this by arranging for over forty radio manufacturers to produce sets to a standard design with as few components as possible consistent with the ability to source them. Earlier, the government had introduced the "Utility" brand to ensure that all clothing, which was rationed, was produced to a reasonable quality standard as, prior to its introduction, a lot of shoddy goods had appeared on the market; the brand was therefore adopted for this wartime radio.
The Utility Set had limited reception on medium wave and lacked a longwave band to simplify the design. The tuning scale listed only BBC stations. After the war a version with LW was made available and modification kits to retrofit existing sets were marketed.
About 175,000 sets were sold, at a price of £12 3s 4d each. The set is sometimes characterized as the British equivalent of the German Volksempfänger "Peoples' Receiver"; however there were dissimilarities. The Volksempfänger were radio sets designed to be inexpensive enough for any German citizen to purchase one but higher quality consumer radios were always available to Germans who could afford to pay higher prices. By contrast, the Utility Set was the only consumer radio receiver available for purchase on the British market for much of the latter part of the war. Starting in June 1942, manufacture of consumer radio receivers in the United States also ceased due to military production needs.
Specifications
The sets used a four-valve superhet circuit with an audio output of 4 watts at 10% total harmonic distortion; they performed as well as many pre-war sets. The valve complement consisted of a triode-hexode frequency mixer, a variable-μ RF pentode IF amplifier and a high slope output pentode. A "Westector" solid-state copper oxide diode was used for demodulation, which saved one valve and allowed use of an available type of pentode for the audio stage. The HT line was derived from a full wave rectifier. All valves were on International Octal sockets apart from the rectifier which was on a British 4-pin base. There were minor variations between set makers; for instance Philips used IF transformers with adjustable ferrite cores (so-called slug tuning) rather than the conventional trimmer capacitors.
Manufacturers
More than 40 manufacturers, such as Pye Ltd. and Marconiphone, made Utility radios. The manufacturer of a particular set was not readily apparent to the general public, although each manufacturer stamped a code letter on the radio to identify themselves to dealers. UK makers often used different designations for the same valve (tube), while octal tubes might be of USA origin. All valves in the Utility radio used standard designations prefixed by BVA (for British Valve Association). They were produced by valve makers such as Mullard, MOV, Cossor, Mazda and Brimar. Dealers, knowing the maker of a set and which valve manufacturer that maker used, could easily deduce which pre-war types these were and make warranty claims on the manufacturer.
References
External links
Technical review by BBC Research Department, 1943
Utility Set(1)
Utility Set(2)
Manufacturers and valve complement
Government Surplus advertisement
Types of radios
Radio electronics
United Kingdom home front during World War II
World War II British electronics
Models of radios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility%20Radio |
The Gurghiu (Hungarian: Görgény-patak, German: Rosengraben) is a river in the Gurghiu Mountains, Mureș County, northern Romania. It is a left tributary of the river Mureș. It flows through the municipalities Ibăneşti, Hodac, Gurghiu and Solovăstru, and joins the Mureș in the town Reghin. Its length is and its basin size is .
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Gurghiu (from source to mouth):
Left: Secuș, Sebeș, Șirod and Orșova
Right: Lăpușna, Neagra, Fâncel, Tisieu, Tireu, Isticeu and Cașva
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Mureș County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurghiu%20%28river%29 |
The Peneia Pony (, or ) is a rare breed of pony from the Peloponnese in southern Greece, originating in the former prefecture of Elis, which included the village of Peneia (Pineia).
Characteristics
Peneias generally stand between 10.1 and 14 hands high, and are usually bay, black, chestnut, or gray, although other colors are seen. They have a well-proportioned head with a convex profile and a well-set neck running into low withers, a wide chest, and muscular, sloping shoulders. They have a short back, sloping croup, and long legs with small, tough hooves.
It is a fairly hardy and sure-footed breed, well adapted mountainous terrain. The natural gait of the Peneia breed is fairly stilted, so they are usually taught a smoother gait called the aravani () which makes riding more comfortable. Two other names for this breed, the Ravani () and the Georgalídiko ( or Γιοργαλίδικο), refer to this smooth gait. These terms can also be used generically, to refer to both the Peneia and the similarly-gaited Messara. The terms giorgalídiko and ravani are derived from the Turkish language yorgala [at] and rahvan [at] (at is Turkish for "horse"). Yorgala describes a lateral ambling gait that is said to resemble that of a camel, while rahvan means "hyperactive". Yorgala is itself derived from the Greek word γοργός (gorgós), meaning "swift."
The Peneia, along with a number of other gaited horses, was the object of a research study to determine the presence of the DMRT3_Ser301STOP mutation, which is associated with gaited horses. It was possible to detect the presence of that mutation in the Peneia with a frequency of 97.1%.
History
The breed was founded on an autochthonous Greek variety very possibly related to the Pindos, and later crossed with Anglo-Arab, Anglo-Norman and Nonius strains. It may have originated from Messara ponies who were requisitioned for use on the Pindos front during the Greco-Italian War in 1940 and 1941. Its herdbook was only established in 1995. The breed is found in Elis and Achaea in the northwest of the Peloponnese.
According to Greek Agriculture Ministry statistics, as of 2002 there were two hundred thirty-one breeding mares and sixty-nine stallions. As of 2017, only about one hundred specimens of the breed existed, placing it in danger of extinction.
Uses
Peneias are used as draft animals, pack animals, and mounts for riding and jumping. The stallions are often used for breeding hinnies. Crosses with the Thoroughbred have produced faster horses, while the Hellenic National Stud Book Society is promoting a new breeding program crossing Peneia stallions with light draft mares.
External links
Video
Rider and Peneia pony demonstrating the aravani gait
News video on Peneia pony festival by ORT (TV channel)
References
Peneia
Horse breeds originating in Greece
Ponies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peneia%20Pony |
The Manhattan Construction Company is an American-owned construction company founded by Laurence H. Rooney in Chandler in Oklahoma Territory in 1896. Today, the firm operates under its parent company, Manhattan Construction Group with affiliates Cantera Concrete Co. and Manhattan Road & Bridge. Manhattan Construction Group is recognized by Engineering News-Record as a top general builder, green builder and bridge builder in the nation. In 2013 and 2012 Manhattan has received more than 50 industry honors for quality and safety. The company's services include "Builder-Driven Pre-Construction", construction management, general building, design-build and turn-key projects, and roads, bridges and civil works. The company works in the U.S., Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Not to be confused with Manhattan Construction of Durham Region.
History
The Manhattan Construction Company was founded in 1896 by Laurence H. Rooney, and primary ownership remains in the Rooney family, today by Francis Rooney.
As the first company to incorporate (1907) in the State of Oklahoma, Manhattan played an important part in building the Southwest. Among the dozens of schools and courthouses, Manhattan also built the first State Capitol in Guthrie and worked on the relocated Oklahoma State Capitol building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Another major historical landmark constructed was the First National Bank building in Oklahoma City, which at the time was the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River.
During World War II, Manhattan completed over one billion dollars in military base, hangar, apron, barrack and other defense mobilization projects for the United States Defense Department. For such achievements during World War II, Manhattan was awarded two of the coveted Army-Navy “E” awards for excellence.
Since its founding, Manhattan expanded south to Texas, east to Washington, D.C., Georgia and Florida, and internationally to Mexico and now performs work throughout the United States, Mexico and the Caribbean.
Notable projects
Manhattan Construction built the Manhattan Building, Oklahoma State Capitol Dome, NRG Stadium, the George Bush Presidential Library, Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, the Cato Institute headquarters, the Prayer Tower at the Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States Capitol Visitor Center, and many more. The most notable project completed is the Dallas Cowboys home stadium, AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas.
Manhattan Construction also built the George Mason University Founders Hall in Arlington, Virginia and George Washington University Hospital in Washington D.C. In 2013, Manhattan Construction finished building the George W. Bush Presidential Library, making it the only construction company to have built two presidential libraries.
A number of its works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Works
Works include:
Chemistry Building-University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Campus Dr., Fayetteville, Arkansas (Manhattan Construction), NRHP-listed
Garvin County Courthouse, Courthouse Sq. and Grant Ave., Pauls Valley, Oklahoma (Manhattan Const. Co.), NRHP-listed
Logan County Courthouse, 301 E. Harrison St., Guthrie, Oklahoma (Manhattan Construction Co.), NRHP-listed
Miller County Courthouse, 400 Laurel St., Texarkana, Arkansas (Manhattan Construction), NRHP-listed
Muskogee County Courthouse, 216 State St., Muskogee, Oklahoma (Manhattan Construction Co.), NRHP-listed
Muskogee Depot and Freight District, roughly bounded by Columbus Ave., S. Main St., Elgin Ave., and S 5th St., Muskogee, Oklahoma (Manhattan Const. Co.), NRHP-listed
Oklahoma County Courthouse, 321 Park Ave., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Manhattan Construction Co.), NRHP-listed
Pawnee County Courthouse, Courthouse Sq., Pawnee, Oklahoma (Manhattan Construction Co.), NRHP-listed
Sebastian County Courthouse-Ft. Smith City Hall, 100 S. 6th St., Fort Smith, Arkansas (Manhattan Construction Co.), NRHP-listed
Office locations
Tulsa, Okla.;
Oklahoma City, Okla.;
Naples, Fla.;
Fort Myers, Fla.;
Houston, Texas;
Dallas, Texas;
Washington, D.C.;
Tampa, Florida
See also
Manhattan Building
References
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Companies based in Tulsa, Oklahoma
Chandler, Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan%20Construction%20Company |
The Studebaker Coupe Express was a passenger car based coupe utility, produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, between 1937 and 1939. Featuring an automobile styled cab and flared rear fenders right off the Studebaker Dictator, it was sold both with a manufacturer supplied pick up style metal bed, and as a rolling chassis and cab to be fitted with a bed or boxes by the purchaser.
Description
The Coupe Express was designed by Raymond Loewy and utilized the Dictator passenger car frame, running gear, and front sheet metal. A new body stamping was made to form the cab back. The model was sold both with a manufacturer supplied metal bed and as a cab and chassis, with the Dictator’s automobile-style sweepingly flared rear fenders attached. A service box, built to specification, would be fabricated by (or for) the end user (such as a plumber or electrician).
The truck was powered by the larger of Studebaker's L-head six-cylinder flathead engines and mated to a 3-speed manual transmission. Studebaker offered a Borg-Warner 3-speed transmission with overdrive as an option.Other options included a radio, heater, wire reinforced sliding back window and turn indicators. Two optional wheels were available, including a stamped steel disc wheel and a stamped steel 'artillery' spoked wheel.
Production for the 1937 model year was approximately 3,000 units.
The truck's passenger cab was restyled in 1938 to reflect the modernized passenger car sheet metal resulted a slightly longer pickup bed. Production for 1938 was approximately 1,200 units.
The 1939 model was again remodeled to reflect Studebaker's annual design updates. Production was approximately 1,000 units. The Coupe Express model was discontinued after the 1939 model year, and Studebaker did not offer a successor model for 1940.
Studebaker introduced the M-Series pickup truck 1941, while the company used the Coupe Express name in advertising for a time, but no M-Series trucks were ever officially designated as the Coupe Express.
Definition
The Coupe Express confounds accurately defining it on face value as either a coupe utility or a pickup truck. It lacks the integrated bed of a car-based, car-chassied coupe utility – a fundamental characteristic of that automobile style.
Importantly, it also lacks the truck cab and truck chassis of a pickup truck, failing to meet that definition by either of those two crucial characteristics.
The facts that Studebaker itself labeled it a “coupe” rather than a truck (a very different thing at that time; retained a stylish, even luxurious, interior instead of replacing it with a more utilitarian one; and never named or officially referred to any of its actual pickup trucks with the terms “coupe“ or “express“, further distance it from being labeled as one.
Coupe Express
Pickup trucks
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
1930s cars
Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studebaker%20Coupe%20Express |
Chenini () is a ruined Berber village in the Tataouine district in southern Tunisia. Located on a hilltop near a modern village of the same name, Chenini was a fortified granary, or ksar (plural ksour).
History
Like other ksour created by North African Berber communities, Chenini was built on a hilltop - in this instance, between two hilltop ridges - to help protect it from raiding parties. The oldest structures on the hillside date back to the 12th century; some of the buildings are still used to store grain for the villagers living in the valley below.
Modern times
Chenini and the surrounding Tataouine district are also associated with the Star Wars film series. Many scenes for the movies were filmed in the area; one of the moons of the home planet of Luke Skywalker was named Chenini.
As of 2023, Chenini was inhabited by around 500 Berber farmers and herders who live in caves carved out of rock, many of which have been modernized. The village is facing a demographic decline as younger generations leave for Tunis and Europe in search of work. Chenini has limited amenities, and did not have Internet access until 2013. For high school education and medical emergencies, residents must travel to Tataouine, about half an hour away.
The village has a modern counterpart called New Chenini, which has running water and electricity and was home to around 120 families as of 2023.
Chenini is a regular stop on southern Tunisia's ksar trail, along with the villages of Douiret, Ksar Ouled Soltane and Ksar Hadada.
Gallery
References
Lonely Planet Tunisia, 2nd edition.
Villages in Tunisia
Berber populated places
Berbers in Tunisia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenini |
The German destroyer Z1 Leberecht Maass was the lead ship of her class of four destroyers built for the German Navy (initially called the Reichsmarine and then renamed as the Kriegsmarine in 1935) during the mid-1930s. Completed in 1937, two years before the start of World War II, the ship served as a flagship and spent most of her time training, although she did participate in the occupation of Memel in early 1939.
Several days after the start of the war in September 1939, Z1 Leberecht Maass and another destroyer unsuccessfully attacked Polish ships in the naval base on the Hel Peninsula. She was lightly damaged during the action. In mid-February 1940, while proceeding into the North Sea to attack British fishing trawlers (Operation Wikinger), the ship was bombed by a patrolling German bomber that damaged her steering. Following the attack, Z1 Leberecht Maass broke in half and sank with the loss of most of her crew. A court of inquiry convened during the war determined that she and a sister ship were hit by bombs, but a post-war investigation determined that she had drifted into a newly laid British minefield.
Design and description
Design work on the Type 34-class destroyers began in 1932, despite the limit imposed by the Versailles Treaty that had ended World War I. Initial designs were for large ships more powerful than the French and Polish destroyers then in service, but the design grew as the Reichsmarine now expected it to serve as a small cruiser. The design work appears to have been rushed and not well-thought out as the short forecastle and lack of flare at the bow compromised the ships' seakeeping ability and their stability was inadequate. The only real innovative part of the design, the high-pressure boilers, were an over-complicated system that received almost no shipboard testing before being installed in the Type 34s and frequently broke down throughout the life of the ships.
The class had an overall length of and were long at the waterline. The ships had a beam of , and a maximum draft of . They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The two Wagner geared steam turbine sets, each driving one propeller shaft, were designed to produce using steam provided by six Wagner boilers. The ships had a designed speed of , but their maximum speed was . The Type 34s carried a maximum of of fuel oil which was intended to give a range of at a speed of , but they proved top-heavy in service and 30% of the fuel had to be retained as ballast low in the ship. The effective range proved to be only at 19 knots. The crew of the Type 34 class ships numbered 10 officers and 315 enlisted men, plus an additional four officers and 19 enlisted men if serving as a flotilla flagship.
The Type 34s carried five SK C/34 guns in single mounts with gun shields, two each superimposed, fore and aft. The fifth gun was carried on top of the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered from one to five from front to rear. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of four SK C/30 guns in a pair of twin mounts abreast the rear funnel and six C/30 guns in single mounts. The ships carried eight torpedo tubes in two power-operated mounts. A pair of reload torpedoes was provided for each mount. Leberecht Maass had four depth charge launchers mounted on the sides of her rear deckhouse, which was supplemented by six racks for individual depth charges on the sides of the stern, with either 32 or 64 charges carried. Mine rails could be fitted on the rear deck that had a maximum capacity of 60 mines. A system of passive hydrophones designated as 'GHG' (Gruppenhorchgerät) was fitted to detect submarines.
Construction and career
Z1 Leberecht Maass, named after Rear Admiral (Konteradmiral) Leberecht Maass, who was killed while commanding German forces in the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914, was the first destroyer to be built in Germany since World War I. She was ordered on 7 July 1934 and laid down at Deutsche Werke, Kiel, on 10 October 1934 as yard number K232. The ship was launched on 18 August 1935 and completed on 14 January 1937, under the command of Lieutenant Commander (Korvettenkapitän) Friedrich T. Schmidt.
As the first ship of her class to be completed, Leberecht Maass became the flagship of the Leader of Torpedo-boats (Führer der Torpedoboote (FdT)) on 1 May and spent much of her first year training in the eastern Baltic Sea, before making a port visit in Gothenburg, Sweden, in early April 1938. Upon her return, the ship was turned over to her builders to have her bow rebuilt to fix the large amount of water that came over it in head seas. The ship then participated in the August 1938 Fleet Review and the following fleet exercise. Korvettenkapitän Gerhard Wagner relieved Schmidt in October. In December, Leberecht Maass, together with her sisters Z2 Georg Thiele, Z3 Max Schultz, and Z4 Richard Beitzen, sailed to the area of Iceland to evaluate her seaworthiness in a North Atlantic winter with her new bow. On 23–24 March 1939, the ship was one of the destroyers that escorted Adolf Hitler aboard the heavy cruiser to occupy Memel. Korvettenkapitän Fritz Bassenge assumed command of Leberecht Maass the following month. Afterwards, she participated in the fleet exercise in the western Mediterranean, as the flagship of Konteradmiral Günther Lütjens, and visited Ceuta and Ría de Arousa in Spain before departing for Germany on 13 May.
The initial task of the Kriegsmarine when Hitler declared war on Poland on 1 September was to blockade the Polish coast. As such, they deployed three light cruisers and ten destroyers, including Leberecht Maass, to accomplish this mission. Leberecht Maass evaded an attack by the submarine on the first day of the war. It later became quickly apparent that the Kriegsmarine had deployed too many ships off the Polish coast, and so the cruisers were withdrawn.
Two days later, the ship and Z9 Wolfgang Zenker were ordered to investigate the ships in the naval base at Hel. They spotted the Polish destroyer and the minelayer and engaged both ships at a range around . German fire was ineffective, but the Polish return fire was more accurate and forced the German destroyers to make evasive maneuvers and to lay a smoke screen to throw off the aim of the Polish gunners. Leberecht Maass was hit by a shell from the coast defense battery defending the base at 06:57, which knocked out power to No. 2 gun, disabled its shell hoists, killed four crewmen and wounded another four. The ship fired 77 rounds of 12.7 cm ammunition during the battle. The following day, she sailed to Swinemünde to have her damage repaired, a process that took until 10 September as it included repairs to the ship's boiler tubes. After its completion, Leberecht Maass helped to lay defensive minefields in the North Sea and Lütjens transferred his flag to Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp, the ship being assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla (2. Zerstörer Flotille). She began a previously scheduled refit in Swinemünde on 29 September and was again the flagship of the FdT by 30 November, but rejoined 2. Zerstörerflotille on 22 December.
In retaliation for the Altmark Incident where the Royal Navy seized captured British sailors from the in neutral Norwegian waters on 16 February 1940, the Kriegsmarine organized Operation Nordmark to search for Allied merchant ships in the North Sea as far north as the Shetland Islands. 2. Zerstörerflotille, including Leberecht Maass, escorted the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau as well as the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper during the initial stage of the sortie on 18 February, but Leberecht Maass and Z5 Paul Jacobi were detached the following day on an unsuccessful search for enemy shipping in the Skagerrak.
A few days later, the Kriegsmarine planned Operation Wikinger in cooperation with the Luftwaffe in the erroneous belief that the British fishing trawlers off the Dogger Bank were cooperating with submarines. They believed that sinking or capturing the trawlers would force the British to spread themselves thin to defend the fishing fleet and might result in some useful auxiliary ships for the Kriegsmarine. The Luftwaffe promised fighter cover for the ships engaged in the operation as well as bomber support.
Loaded with prize crews, Leberecht Maass and five other destroyers, Max Schultz, Richard Beitzen, Z6 Theodor Riedel, Z13 Erich Koellner and Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt, sailed on 22 February. En route, the flotilla was mistakenly attacked by a Heinkel He 111 bomber from Kampfgeschwader 26. Leberecht Maass was hit by at least one bomb, lost her steering, and broke in half, sinking with the loss of 280 of her crew, including the ship's captain. Only 60 of her crew were saved. During the rescue effort, Max Schultz hit a mine and sank with the loss of her entire crew. Hitler ordered a court of inquiry to be convened to investigate the cause of the losses and it concluded that both ships had been sunk by bombs from the He 111. The Kriegsmarine had failed to notify its destroyers that the Luftwaffe was making anti-shipping patrols at that time and had also failed to inform the Luftwaffe that its destroyers would be at sea. Postwar research revealed that one or both ships may have struck a British minefield laid by the destroyers and .
Footnotes
Notes
References
External links
Zerstörer 1934 German Naval History website
Type 1934 destroyers
Ships built in Kiel
1935 ships
World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea
Maritime incidents in February 1940
Destroyers sunk by aircraft
Friendly fire incidents of World War II
Ships sunk by German aircraft | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20destroyer%20Z1%20Leberecht%20Maass |
Beijing Shijingshan Amusement Park () is a theme park located in Bajiao, Shijingshan District of Beijing, China. First opened on September 28, 1986, the park is currently owned and operated by the Shijingshan District government. The park is served by Bajiao Amusement Park station on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway.
History
Beijing Shijingshan Amusement Park opened on 28 September 1986 as one of Beijing's first amusement parks. The park opened with the Atomic Roller Coaster and other rides and attractions. The park then went to open nine new roller coasters in the 2000s and a further three in the 2010s, including a rebuilt Crazy Mouse roller coaster. The park's original roller coaster, the Atomic Coaster closed in 2018 after 24 years of operations. In 2021, the park underwent an upgrade which saw the addition of three new roller coasters.
Attractions
Operating roller coasters
Crazy Mouse (2015–)
Crazy Skateboard (2017–)
Family Roller Coaster (2021–)
Fruit Worm Coaster (2019–)
Space Pulley (2021–)
Stacked Roller Coaster (2021–)
Former roller coasters
Atomic Coaster (1986–2018)
Crazy Mouse (2003–2012)
Feng Shen Coaster (2003–2014)
Jurassic Adventure (2008–2015)
Mine Coaster (2003–2017)
Shenzhou Coaster (2005–2019)
Space Trip (2003–2015)
Spinning Batman (2008–2010)
Spinning Coaster (2004–2017)
Worm Coaster (2003–2015)
Park gallery
Copyright infringement controversy
In May 2007, the park was exposed by international media for having made unauthorized use of Japanese and American cartoon characters. According to a report originally broadcast on Fuji TV's FNN News, the park features a castle that resembles Disney's trademark Sleeping Beauty Castle and a structure that looks like Epcot's Spaceship Earth. The park also features a host of costumed characters that look remarkably similar to not only Disney's trademark characters, but also Shrek, Hello Kitty, Doraemon, Bugs Bunny and a number of other trademarked characters.
Park officials denied any wrongdoing. When asked by the FNN News reporter if the characters are related to Disney, the theme park's general manager Liu Jingwang said that their characters are based on Grimm's Fairy Tales.
According to a May 10, 2007, Associated Press report, the park deputy general manager Yin Zhiqiang said that the park's lawyers are in negotiation with The Walt Disney Company. Disney declined to comment directly on this matter.
Between 2010 and 2011, the park was expanded and refurbished. China Daily reports the Disney-themed characters may have been removed from the park.
Transportation
Subway
Bajiao Amusement Park station of Beijing Subway, on Line 1.
Bus
Bus 663 serves the park's west entrance.
See also
Happy Valley Beijing – in Chaoyang District, Beijing
References
External links
Beijing Shijingshan Amusement Park website (defunct), (Wayback Machine Link)
Official website (English) (defunct)
Beijing's Copycat Disneyland Controversy
Fakes a real fact of life in China's heated economy, The Standard
Amusement parks in Beijing
Tourist attractions in Beijing
Buildings and structures in Beijing
1986 establishments in China
Amusement parks opened in 1986
Shijingshan District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing%20Shijingshan%20Amusement%20Park |
R v Strachan, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 980 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the exclusion of evidence under section 24(2) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms subsequent to a violation of a Charter right. The Court held that there does not need to be a causal connection between the violation and the evidence, but rather there need only be a temporal link between the two.
Background
Joseph Strachan was under investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for drug related offences. A warrant was obtained under section 10(2) of the Narcotic Control Act to search his apartment. The police arrive at his apartment and found him with two other men, along with a substantial amount of drugs and money. All three men were arrested and read their rights. Upon arrest the officer in charge denied Strachan's attempt to use the phone to contact a lawyer on the basis that he still needed to get "matters under control". The officer later testified at trial that he intended to first question the suspects and find guns that were suspected of being there before he would allow them to call a lawyer. Strachan was finally allowed to contact his lawyer from the police station an hour and forty minutes after the arrest.
At trial, it was held that Strachan's right to counsel, under section 10(b) of the Charter, was violated, that the evidence must be excluded under section 24(2) of the Charter, and that Strachan be acquitted.
On appeal, it was held that Strachan's right to counsel was violated but the evidence should not be excluded as there was no causal connection between the violation and evidence collected. A new trial was ordered.
The issue before the Supreme Court was whether there was a violation of Strachan's right against unreasonable search and seizure under section 8 of the Charter and whether the evidence should be excluded under section 24(2) of the Charter.
Reasons of the court
Chief Justice Dickson, writing for the majority of the Court, held that there was no violation of section 8 and the evidence should not be excluded under section 24(2) of the Charter.
Justice Lamer wrote his own separate concurring opinion.
Justice Wilson wrote her an opinion finding that there was a violation of section 8 but agreed with the rest of the Court that the evidence should not be excluded under section 24(2).
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court)
External links
case summary from mapleleafweb.com
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1988 in Canadian case law
Canadian criminal procedure case law
Canadian evidence case law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20v%20Strachan |
Linceo can refer to:
A member of Accademia dei Lincei, often included in e.g. the member's signatures
Fabio Colonna (1567-1640), Italian naturalist and botanist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linceo |
Overbrook Farms is a neighborhood that is situated on the western edge of the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is roughly bounded by City Avenue (U.S. Route 1), 58th Street, Woodbine Avenue, and 66th Street at Morris Park.
The neighborhood is bisected by Lancaster Avenue (U.S. Route 30) and the original Pennsylvania Railroad "main line". Today, the rail line is used by both Amtrak passenger service and SEPTA's commuter Paoli/Thorndale Line.
History
This region of Philadelphia and its suburbs were originally settled by Welsh immigrants, who purchased land from William Penn. Two of these farms contributed land for what became the Overbrook Farms neighborhood, which was developed beginning in 1892. The neighborhood is often incorrectly considered to be a sub-section of the larger and densely developed Overbrook neighborhood.
Overbrook Farms was the first of several planned communities at were established along the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Overbrook Farms Company was the developer; its officers had links to directors of the Girard and Drexel banks and the Penn Railroad. This planned community includes some of the first residential projects by the first graduating class of the University of Pennsylvania's architectural program.
Overbrook Farms maintains the oldest continually operating neighborhood association in the United States, the Overbrook Farms Club (OFC). OFC sponsors an annual house tour each Spring. The neighborhood was designated as a National Historic District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its description and statement of significance can be found at "Overbrook Farms", Historic Districts. Overbrook Farms, Its Historical Background, Growth and Community Life (1936) by Tello J. d'Apery, M.D. also provides a complete history of the area.
A more recent development of smaller homes with modern incursions, called Greenhill Farms, is not included within the historic district. This development extends from 66th Street to 72nd Street. Bordered on three sides by Morris Park and on the west by City Avenue, it includes some original mansions built on Wistar Morris' gentleman's farm. The City Line Avenue Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Public libraries
The Free Library of Philadelphia operates the Wynnefield Branch nearby.
References
External links
Overbrook Farms history Overbrook Farms its historical background, growth and community life. This entire book is available free for download from Penn State's Digital Bookshelf.
[ National Register - Inventory]
Neighborhoods in Philadelphia
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia
Houses completed in 1893
Historic districts in Philadelphia
Overbrook, Philadelphia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overbrook%20Farms%2C%20Philadelphia |
Electronic Broking Services (EBS) is a wholesale electronic trading platform used to trade on the foreign exchange market (FX) with market-making banks. It was originally created as a partnership by large banks and then became part of CME Group.
History
EBS was created by a partnership of large foreign exchange (FX) market making banks in 1990 to challenge Reuters' threatened monopoly in interbank spot foreign exchange and provide effective competition. By 2007, approximately US$164 billion in spot foreign exchange transactions were traded every day over EBS's central limit order book, EBS Market.
EBS's closest competitor is Refinitiv FXall. The decision by an FX trader whether to use EBS or FXall is driven largely by currency pair. In practice, EBS is the primary trading venue for EUR/USD, USD/JPY, EUR/JPY, USD/CHF, EUR/CHF and USD/CNH, and FXall is the primary trading venue for commonwealth (AUD/USD, NZD/USD, USD/CAD) and emerging market currency pairs.
EBS initiated e-trading in spot precious metals, spanning spot gold, silver, platinum and palladium, and remains the leading electronic broker in spot gold and silver through the Loco London Market.
They were the first organisation to facilitate orderly black box or algorithmic trading in spot FX, through an application programming interface (API). By 2007 this accounted for 60% of all EBS flow.
In addition to spot FX and Precious Metals, EBS has expanded trading products through its venues to include NDFs, forwards and FX options. It has also increased the range of trading style to include RFQ and streaming in disclosed and non-disclosed environments.
EBS was acquired by ICAP, the world's largest inter-dealer broker, in June 2006.
In 2014, EBS merged with BrokerTec—a service provider in the fixed income markets—to form EBS BrokerTec. BrokerTec offers trading technology for many US and European fixed income products including US Treasuries, European Government Bonds and European Repo.
In 2017, EBS BrokerTec was renamed to NEX Markets and the name EBS BrokerTec ceased to exist. The names of the trading platforms, EBS and BrokerTec, remained.
In 2018, NEX Markets was acquired by CME Group.
Structure
Products of the company include:
EBS Spot (electronic FX spot broking)
EBS Spot Ai (application program interface (API) between the customer's trading system and the EBS Spot market)
EBS Prime (access for the interbank and professional trading communities to the best EBS Spot prices from an EBS Prime bank)
EBS Metals (electronic spot broking for the precious metals market)
EBS NDFs (electronic spot broking for non-deliverable FX pairs)
EBS Live (live streaming prices delivered with minimum latency direct from EBS to the customer's market data distribution platform)
EBS Ticker (third-party system distribution of EBS Spot prices)
EBS Rates (desktop view of EBS Spot prices, available through the Thomson Reuters Eikon and 3000xtra desktop as well as the Bloomberg Terminal service)
EBS Data Mine (unique and certified historical data from 1997 onwards)
See also
NEX Group
CME Group
References
Financial services companies established in 1990
Financial services companies of the United States
Commodity exchanges in the United States
Electronic trading platforms
2006 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Broking%20Services |
Victor Premasagar (1927–2005) was the fourth successor of Frank Whittaker as Bishop in Medak. He was an Indian churchman and Old Testament scholar who made major contributions to research on the Old Testament and to the field of theology. Premasagar's articles appeared in the Expository Times (1966), the Vetus Testamentum (1966), the International Review of Mission (1972), and the Indian Journal of Theology (1974) and cited in major works relating to the theme of Promise in the Bible and critical works on Psalms LXXX and the Hebrew word HOQ in the Tanakh.
Premasagar was a pastor hailing from the Church of South India who tended rural congregations in the Diocese of Medak in north Telangana until 1961 when he became a seminary teacher at Dornakal and then moving out to Rajahmundry and later Secunderabad in 1972 and taught Old Testament. In 1980, the Church of South India recalled Premasagar to take up ministerial responsibilities and made him general secretary of the Church of South India Synod at its XVIIth session of the held at Tambaram. In 1983, Premasagar became a bishop and subsequently a moderator of the Church of South India Synod for two consecutive bienniums: 1988–1990 and 1990–1992.
Early years
Premasagar was born in Medak and was raised a Christian in what is now the Church of South India. In addition to the ancient Indian epics, his boyhood was filled with stories from the Bible. In the foreword to Promise in the Ancestral Narratives, his doctoral dissertation, Premasagar made mention of the Biblical stories that his mother told during his childhood and the promise they held. He completed his schooling from Wesley School in Secunderabad. It was around this time that he to study divinity.
He completed his college studies from the century-old Andhra-Christian College (under Andhra University), Guntur. His contemporaries there included N.T. Rama Rao (a film actor and later Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh). Premasagar was involved in athletics. Football and tennis were his favourite sports.
Spiritual studies
Graduate: Karnataka
Victor went to the United Theological College in Bangalore and studied spirituality during 1950–1954 and took his Bachelor of Divinity in 1955 in the ensuing convocation of the Senate of Serampore College (University) during the Registrarship of The Rev. William Stewart. Others studying during that period at UTC Bangalore included G. Solomon, V. C. Samuel, E. C. John, Samuel Amirtham, N. D. Anandarao Samuel, C. D. Jathanna, K. E. Swamidass, G. B. Devasahayam.
Postgraduate: England
Premasagar was sent to Cambridge University where he specialized in the study of the Old Testament studying from 1964 to 1966 at Westminster College, Cambridge (affiliated to the University of Cambridge) and was awarded the Cambridge Tripos.
Doctoral: Scotland
In 1969, the Board of Governors of ACTC accorded Premasagar study leave, which he used to go to St. Andrews University, Scotland for further studies in the Old Testament. He studied in St Mary's College between 1969 and 1972 and was guided by William McKane and J. D. Martin. He was awarded a Ph.D. by St. Andrews University based on his dissertation entitled The Theme of Promise in the Patriarchal Narratives.
Ecclesiastical ministry
Pastor
After Premasagar's ordination as presbyter, he began pastoring parishes in Siddipet, Mancherial, Soan, and Shankarampet.
Teacher
Premasagar first taught at the Andhra Union Theological College (AUTC), Dornakal, between 1961 and 1964, and his other colleagues included Eric J. Lott and later he left for specialized studies to England. By this time, the AUTC together with the Lutheran Theological College, Rajahmundry and the Baptist Theological Seminary, Kakinada formed the Andhra Christian Theological College in 1964. By the time Premasagar returned from his studies in 1966, he was reassigned to teach at the new entity in the river town of Rajahmundry.
Again between 1969 and 1972 after a period of study leave, he returned to ACTC to continue his teaching and became its second principal in 1973 succeeding W. D. Coleman. On invitation from Wartburg Theological Seminary, Dubuque, Iowa, in the United States, he took sabbatical from ACTC to teach there for a year. On his return, the board of governors extended the term of principalship by two more terms, 1973–1976 and 1977–1980. David, a New Testament scholar, succeeded Premasagar as principal at ACTC.
Premasagar used to teach Old Testament and Hebrew language at the Andhra Christian Theological College, first at Rajahmundry and then at Secunderabad and co-faculty included W. D. Coleman and M. Vidyanandam. By 1973, Premasagar's collegemate G. Solomon, a teacher in Old Testament at the Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological College joined the faculty, also teaching Old Testament. By 1977, G. Babu Rao, a teacher in Old Testament at Serampore College, Serampore moved to the college.
Synod and bishopric
Synod
General Secretary
While continuing to serve at ACTC, he was elected in-absentia as General secretary of the Church of South India Synod at its XVIIth session held at Tambaram in 1980.
Deputy Moderator
During the XXth session of the Church of South India Synod held at Trivandrum in 1986, Premasagar was elected as the deputy moderator.
Moderator
During the XIst session of the Church of South India Synod held during 13–18 January 1988 in Madurai, he was elected as the moderator of the Church of South India.
Bishopric
Later, in 1983 he was elected as the bishop-in-Medak, Asia's largest Anglican bishopric. It was at this time that indigenous methods were devised and put into practice for raising funds from the local congregations for supporting church programmes which was met with widespread success. He was instrumental in bringing rapid development of the church – congregation-wise as well as in its social action.
As for the educational institutions in the Diocese of Medak, schools were made to adapt to modern trends to face the changing pattern. St. George's Grammar School, Wesley College and other educational institutions were modernised during Premasagar's tenure.
In 1983, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom came to Hyderabad. On 20 November 1983, the Queen celebrated her 36th wedding anniversary in the Holy Trinity Church in Bolarum, Secunderabad. The church service was officiated by Bishop Premasagar and his ministerial colleagues Rev. B. Prabhakar Rao and Rev. B. P. Sugandhar, the present bishop-in-Medak and the moderator of the CSI.
Lambeth Conference
The bishops of the Church of South India are invited to the decennial Lambeth Conference held at the Lambeth Palace, the seat of the archbishop of Canterbury in London. Rev. Premasagar attended the eleventh and twelfth conferences in 1978 and 1988 respectively.
Other endeavours
Bible Society of India
Premasagar was a translator for the Bible Society of India (BSI) in its Telugu Bible Common Language Translation Programme since the 1970s. He headed the Translations Committee of the Bible Society of India Andhra Pradesh Auxiliary until the 1990s and then was followed by Rev. G. Babu Rao, his colleague while at ACTC. Premasagar was also the president of the Bible Society of India headquartered in Bangalore from 1988 to 1994 and continued to be a member of the India Bible Society Trust Association for a long period.
Retirement
After retirement from the bishopric, Rev. Ryder Devapriyam, Bishop in Nandyal and a former colleague of Rev. Premasagar while at ACTC, succeeded him as the moderator while Rev. B. P. Sugandhar, presbyter-in-charge of Church of St John the Baptist, Secunderabad became the bishop-in-Medak.
Post-retirement, Premasagar spent about a year at the Presbyterian Church of Wales as an invitee. On his return to India, Premasagar taught part-time at ACTC. He was later invited by Dr. K. Rajaratnam, director of Gurukul Lutheran Theological College, Chennai to teach and guide doctoral students and was Professor Emeritus of Old Testament.
In 2000, Premasagar accepted an invitation to become principal of Bethel Bible College, Guntur, where he taught until his death at St. Joseph's Hospital, Guntur, on 1 December 2005.
Works and legacy
Premasagar's research works have appeared in scholarly journals including the Vetus Testamentum and the Indian Journal of Theology. Some essays were written in his honour (festschrift) commemorating his shastipoorthi (completion of sixty years) and brought into a book edited by H. S. Wilson entitled The Church on the Move: Essays in honour of Victor Premasagar which was reviewed in 1990 by George Peck in the International Review of Mission Research. and a majority of his writings until that point of time compiled by his colleague, The Rev. G. Babu Rao, CBCNC, appeared in the appendix to the festschrift.
1966, Note on Psalm lxxx,
1966, A Note on HOQ in the Old Testament,
1972, Crisis for Salvation Theology!,
1974, Theology of Promise in the Patriarchal Narratives,
1976, A Review of the Literature on Pastoral Ministry published in India during the last Twenty-Five Years
1976, He emptied Himself – Bible Studies on Jesus Christ Frees and Unites,
1977, Biblical concept of righteousness and the Indian context,
1992, The Gods of our Fathers – Towards a Theology of Indian Religious and Cultural Heritage
1994, Vanaprasthasrama Dharma: A Programme of Renewal and Religion,
2000, Promise in the Ancestral Narratives: A theme of the early Hebrew traditions,
2000, Evangelium Dei: Mission Paradigm for a New Global Vision,
2002, Interpretive Diary of a Bishop – Indian Experience in Translation and Interpretation of some Biblical passages,
2004, Theology of a Convert: A Contribution to Indian Christian Theology from the Cultural and Religious Heritage of India,
2005, Jacob at the Jabbok: A struggle resulting in Transforming Experience,
See also
Telugu Christian
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Latin Vulgate
Biblical Criticism, Form Criticism
Rev. Dr. Gerhard von Rad, Rev. Dr. Claus Westermann, Dr. Klaus Koch
St. George's Grammar School (Hyderabad)
References
1927 births
2005 deaths
Indian biblical scholars
Translators of the Bible into Telugu
Telugu people
Andhra University alumni
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Anglican bishops of Medak
20th-century Anglican bishops in India
Indian Christian theologians
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni
20th-century translators
Anglican biblical scholars
Old Testament scholars
Academic staff of the Senate of Serampore College (University)
Church of South India clergy
Moderators of the Church of South India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Premasagar |
Saint Louis Public School District (SLPS) is the school district that operates public schools in the City of St. Louis, Missouri (but not St. Louis County, which is an entity independent of the city).
History
Beginnings
The act of the United States Congress that created the Missouri Territory in June 1812 also required that all land in the territory not belonging to private individuals or to the government for military purposes was reserved for schools. In January 1817, the legislature of the Missouri Territory voted to create a board of trustees to manage all land and property designated to be used for schools in St. Louis. The board also was given the power to employ teachers and create regulations for the schools. The first chairman of the board was William Clark, and its first meeting was held in April 1817. In his role as chairman, Clark repeatedly wrote to President James Monroe requesting that Monroe identify land used for military purposes so that other land could be used for schools. After several exchanges between local military leaders, Clark, and President Monroe, in 1817 the federal government relinquished its claim to all land except for a small part, and further relinquished that area in 1824. Starting in 1817, the board of trustees began leasing its lands to provide income for future schools.
In 1833, the Missouri General Assembly established a second governing body for St. Louis schools, which first met on April 18 of that year. This body, known as the Board of Education, continued to lease vacant land to provide income, although some of this money was mismanaged due to inaccurate boundary lines. In December 1833, the Board began to loan out money on interest, but up to that point, no money had been appropriated for the purposes of an actual school. For the next four years, the board continued to loan money and study school plans, but took no action to build a school. In 1836, the people of St. Louis voted to sell the city's common land and to appropriate 10 percent of the proceeds from the sale toward the establishment of a public school district. From this sale about $15,000 was provided to the board.
First schools
In July 1837, the board agreed to build two school buildings, known as the North School and the South School, respectively located at the northeast corner of Broadway and Martin Luther King Boulevard (then Cherry Street) and at the southwest corner of 4th and Spruce streets. In December, the board met to purchase supplies and to interview potential teachers, and by March 1838, they had selected two candidates, David Armstrong and Miss M.H. Salisbury. The South School, later named Laclede Primary School, opened on April 1, 1838, with Edward Leavy and Sarah Hardy as co-principals. A third school, later named Benton School, opened in January 1842 at the northwest corner of 6th and Locust. The North School, for which the board initially could not find a teacher, was abandoned and sold shortly after construction of Benton School due to the encroachment of a nearby market.
With the growth of the city, the school building campaign continued at a rapid pace. Between 1840 and 1860, more than twenty new schools were built by the board, while several others occupied rented space. Among these new schools was the first high school in St. Louis, which opened inside Benton School in February 1853. Approximately 70 students enrolled in the school, and its first principal was Jeremiah D. Low. Courses offered included higher arithmetic, grammar and composition, basic and advanced algebra, geometry, trigonometry, surveying, navigation, and the Latin and German languages. The high school proved very popular among all social classes, and it encouraged attendance at lower level schools. After two years of construction, the first high school building, known as Central High School, opened on Olive Street in July 1855.
In 1848 William Greenleaf Eliot, the Unitarian clergyman in Saint Louis, was elected chair of the school board. He had a passion for creating schools. He and his congregants worked on a campaign to fund the expanding district. Only weeks after the St. Louis Fire of 1849, St. Louis voters approved a 1/10 percent property tax to support the district, and three years later, the Missouri General Assembly passed a school tax, which set aside 25 percent of state funds for education and provided schools with money depending on their enrollment. During the 1850s, it became a St. Louis school tradition for students at each school to "go a Maying", which was to take an excursion into the countryside. These early field trips were more for recreation than for learning, but school administrators regarded them as healthy trips.
School closed six weeks early in 1861 due to a lack of operating funds and the outbreak of the Civil War. After the Civil War, in 1866, the district opened three schools for African American students.
The St. Louis Public Schools also opened the first public high school for black students west of the Mississippi, Sumner High School, in 1875.
St. Louis Public Schools opened the first public kindergarten in North America in 1873 under the direction of William Torrey Harris, then Superintendent of Schools, and Susan Blow, who had studied the methods of Friedrich Fröbel, the founder of the kindergarten system.
By the end of the 19th century, the district had 95 schools and employed more than 1,600 teachers.
1900s to 1930s
By the 20th century, the population in St. Louis was 575,238. Public school enrollment was 62,797, employing 1,665 teachers in ninety schools.
Another St. Louis first was the Educational Museum, which featured articles purchased from the 1904 World's Fair Palace of Education. The museum opened in 1905, and in 1943 it evolved into the first audiovisual department in the United States.
The public schools continued to grow with the city, opening special open air schools for children at risk for tuberculosis, schools for deaf children and those needing individualized instruction, as well as children with orthopedic disabilities.
The first vocational school had opened in 1868, with two more opening in the 1920s.
In late 1918, the schools were closed for 45 days due to the worldwide flu epidemic, and in the spring of 1919 school days were lengthened in an attempt to recover lost time.
During the Great Depression, special programs such as free milk and lunches, and sewing classes were established to help families and conserve resources; teacher salaries were reduced, construction was postponed, and class sizes were increased.
Students aided the war effort during both World War I and World War II by knitting scarves and socks for soldiers, raising poultry, cultivating victory gardens, collecting scrap metal, and buying war stamps.
1950s to present
By the 1950s a number of new schools were built to ease overcrowding, and in the 1960s, more attention was given to meeting the challenges of urban schools, including racial equality, poverty, overcrowded classrooms, and deteriorating school buildings. The 1956 film A City Decides looked at efforts to desegregate schools in St. Louis, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. St. Louis Public Schools attained its peak enrollment of 115,543 students in 1967. The district enrolled 108,770 students in 1960 and 111,233 students in 1970.
Since then, efforts have focused on programs such as magnet schools and the Voluntary Interdistrict Transfer Program which were initiated to provide students with the opportunity to attend racially mixed schools. Metro High School was created as a magnet school for racial integration in the 1970s. Metro High School is ranked as the 220th best public high school in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.
In 2007 the state of Missouri took control of St. Louis Public Schools and stripped them of accreditation. This decision was made due to the poor standardized test scores, graduation rates, leadership, and mismanagement of money. In 2006 SLPS was $25 million in debt and had a graduation rate of approximately 55 percent. Almost 19 percent of students were dropping out and over half of students were scoring below grade level on standardized tests. As a result, the state appointed a board to run the district for 6 years. Over the next decade the district worked to increase test scores, graduation rates and attendance. As a result, St. Louis Public Schools regained accreditation in January 2017. The district had a 72 percent graduation rate, over $19 million surplus, and continually improving test scores.
Demographics
In the 2009–2010 school year, the district had an enrollment of approximately 25,000 students and 2,200 teachers, for a student-teacher ratio of 11.4.
In the 2013–2014 school year, the district increased its enrollment to approximately 25,200. Over 88% of students qualify for free or reduced price lunches. Since 2006, more than 80 percent of the student population has been Black, with 82% in 2013-2014. Concurrent with a decline in the population of the city of St. Louis, the district has seen declining enrollment; since 2006 the district student population has decreased by more than 10,000 students.
Leadership
On March 23, 2007, the Missouri State Board of Education ended its accreditation of the St. Louis Public Schools and simultaneously created a new management structure for the district. A three-person Special Administrative Board (SAB) was created, with members selected by the Missouri governor, the mayor of St. Louis, and the president of the St. Louis Board of Aldermen. The current board had authority to operate the district through 2013. The local school board remains in place but has no administrative authority over the district. The current superintendent of the St. Louis Public Schools is Keisha Scarlett, who was selected by the Special Administrative Board in 2008. The St. Louis City Board of Education, despite lack of governance, still holds regular elections, with the eventual return of local control in mind. The current seven member elected board consists of Donna Jones, Bill Haas, Katie Wessling, Susan Jones, Charli Cooksey, Dorothy Rohde Collins, and Natalie Vowell.
Special Administrative Board members
Rick Sullivan
Darnetta Clinkscale
Richard Gaines
Superintendents
George K. Budd (1839)
Vacant (1840)
Henry Pearson (1841–1842)
Vacant (1843–1847)
Edward M. Avery (1848–1849)
Spencer Smith (1850–1851)
John H. Tice (interim) (1851–1852)
A. Litton (1852–1853)
Charles A. Putnam (1853)
John H. Tice (1854–1857)
Ira Divoll (1857–1868)
William Torrey Harris (1867–1880)
Edward H. Long (1880–1895)
Frank Louis Soldan (1895–1908)
Ben Blewett (1908–1917)
Carl G. Rathman (interim) (1917)
John W. Withers (1917–1921)
John J. Maddox (1921–1929)
Henry J. Gerling (1929–1940)
George L. Hawkins (interim) (1940)
Homer W. Anderson (1940–1942)
Philip J. Hickey (1942–1963)
William Kottmeyer (1963–1970)
Clyde Miller (interim) (1970–1971)
Ernest Jones (interim) (1971–1972)
Clyde Miller (1972–1974)
Ernest Jones (interim) (1975)
Robert Wentz (1975–1982)
Ronald Stodghill (interim) (1982–1983)
Jerome Jones (1983–1990)
David J. Mahan (1990–1996)
Cleveland Hammonds (1996–2003)
Bill Roberti (2003–2004)
Floyd Crues (2004)
Pamela Randall-Hughes (2005)
Creg Williams (2005–2006)
Diana Bourisaw (2006–2008)
John Wright (interim) (2008)
Kelvin Adams (2008–2023)
Keisha Scarlett (2023-Present)
Schools
Photo gallery
See also
School gardens and youth education
References
Further reading
External links
St. Louis Public Schools
Employees at Black St. Louis Public Schools, 1925-1955
Annual Reports
School districts in Missouri
Education in St. Louis
School districts established in 1838
1838 establishments in Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Louis%20Public%20Schools |
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