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A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy. In other words, one who takes the power of a country, city, or established region for oneself, without any formal or legal right to claim it as one's own. Usurpers can rise to power in a region by often unexpected physical force, as well as through political influence and deceit.
Etymology
The word originally came from the Latin word usurpare (“to seize", "to take forcefully" or "to use”).
Politics
The Greeks had their own conception of what usurpers were, calling them tyrants. In the ancient Greek usage, a tyrant (tyrannos/τύραννος in Greek) was an individual who rose to power via unconstitutional or illegitimate means, usually not being an heir to an existing throne. Such individuals were perceived negatively by political philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
Usurpers often try to legitimize their position by claiming to be a descendant of a ruler that they may or may not be related to. According to Herodotus, this was done by someone impersonating Smerdis in order to seize the throne of Cyrus the Great after his death.
The concept of usurpation played a huge role in the governance of monarchies, often carrying disdain to those who have been accused of it. Lengthy advice was given to potential and actual usurpers by the political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli in his book The Prince. Methods discussed were pertinent to the establishment of a more secure principality for the ruler, which Machiavelli stated would require evil to be done at some point.
See also
Embezzlement
Misappropriation
Roman usurper
List of usurpers
Coup d'état
Further reading
References
Positions of authority | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usurper |
Sheila Grace Young-Ochowicz (born October 14, 1950) is a retired American speed skater and track cyclist. She won three world titles in each of these sports, twice in the same year (in 1973 and 1976). In 1976, she also became the first American athlete to win three medals at one Winter Olympics.
Early life and education
Young and her family moved to Detroit, Michigan where she graduated from Denby High School in 1968. Young was a member of Wolverine Sports Club in the Detroit metropolitan area, which has produced three Olympic medalists since 1972. Their sports: cycling, long-track speed skating, and short-track speed skating. Both her parents had competed in cycling and speed skating and they encouraged Young and her three siblings to do the same. Young's brother Roger also gained fame as a cyclist, winning seven national championships, gold at the 1975 Pan American Games in the team pursuit, and competing at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Personal life
On the eve of the 1976 Winter Olympics, Young announced her engagement to Jim Ochowicz, a fellow cyclist. Ochowicz competed at the same two Summer Olympics (1972 and 1976) as Young's brother Roger, but in different cycling events – Ochowicz in the 4 km team pursuit, Roger Young in the sprint.
Jim and Sheila Ochowicz live in Palo Alto, California and have three children; Alex, Elli, and Kate. Their daughter Elli Ochowicz is also a speed skater; she competed at the Winter Olympics in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Sheila used to be a teacher in physical education at La Entrada Middle School.
Career
Young had her best year in 1976, when she won three Olympic speed skating medals (one of each colour), bronze at the world allround speed skating championships, became world sprint speed skating champion, skated three world records, became United States sprint track cycling champion, and became the world track cycling sprint champion.
Young retired from cycling and speed skating, and she and Jim worked for the Lake Placid Olympic Committee. They started a family and moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1981, at age 31, she came out of retirement, won two more cycling championships, and then retired again in 1982.
Her three Olympic medals in 1976 made her the first United States athlete to win three medals at one Winter Olympics. Her world sprint speed skating championships in 1973 made her the first United States female athlete to accomplish that feat. Her world sprint speed skating championship of 1973 and her world sprint track cycling championship of that same year made her the first athlete to win World championships in two sports in the same year. The United States Olympic Committee named her Sportswoman of the Year in 1976 and 1981 for her accomplishments in both cycling and speed skating. She was inducted in the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame in 1981, the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 1988, and the National Speedskating Hall of Fame in 1991.
Medals
An overview of medals won by Young at important championships, listing the years in which she won each:
Speed skating
Young competed at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo and saw her roommates Anne Henning and Dianne Holum win Olympic gold (Henning on the 500 m, as well as bronze on the 1,000 m, and Holum on the 1,500 m, as well as silver on the 3,000 m) – she herself finished fourth on the 500 m and seventeenth on the 1,000 m. In 1973, she became World Sprint Champion (a feat she would repeat in 1975 and 1976) and she skated two world records that year, becoming the first woman to skate the 500 m in less than 42 seconds. In 1975, she won bronze at the World Allround Championships (a feat she would repeat in 1976).
In 1976, just before the Winter Olympics, she became the first woman to skate the 500 m in less than 41 seconds. At the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Young won three medals – gold on the 500 m (setting a new Olympic record), silver on the 1,500 m, and bronze on the 1,000 m. That same year, after the Winter Olympics, she would skate two more world records before retiring from speed skating. She briefly came out of retirement, participating in the World Sprint Championships in 1981 (finishing seventh) and 1982 (finishing thirteenth).
World records
Over the course of her career, Young skated five world records:
Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the WR column lists the official world records on the dates that Young skated her personal records.
Track cycling
Young was United States sprint champion four times (1971, 1973, 1976, and 1981). At the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, she won bronze in 1972, silver in 1982, and became world sprint champion three times – in 1973 (breaking the Soviet Union's 15-year winning streak), 1976, and 1981. She retired in 1976, but resumed competing in 1981 to win one more United States sprint championship and beat her future sister-in-law, Connie Paraskevin, taking the gold in the sprint at the world championships in 1981. After winning silver at the 1982 world championship she retired for good, preferring motherhood over prolonging her sports careers.
If women's cycling was part of the summer Olympics of 1976 then Young would have a chance to win medals at both the Summer and Winter Olympics in the same year, something that Christa Rothenburger (also world sprint champion in both speed skating and track cycling) achieved in 1988.
References
External links
Sheila's U.S. Olympic Team bio
Sheila Young at SkateResults.com
Personal records from Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database
Historical World Records – International Skating Union
Sheila Ochowicz – McKinley Institute of Technology
1988 Inductees – U.S. Bicycling Hall of Fame
International Women's Sports Hall of Fame – Women's Sports Foundation
Speedskating Hall of Fame – Speed Skaters – The National Speedskating Museum and Hall of Fame
1950 births
Living people
American female cyclists
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in speed skating
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in speed skating
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in speed skating
Sportspeople from Detroit
Speed skaters from Milwaukee
People from Birmingham, Michigan
Sportspeople from Oakland County, Michigan
Sportspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Speed skaters at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics
World record setters in speed skating
American female speed skaters
UCI Track Cycling World Champions (women)
Medalists at the 1976 Winter Olympics
American track cyclists
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
Denby High School alumni
21st-century American women
Cyclists from Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila%20Young |
Alexander John Jordan Jr. (March 3, 1914, Madison, Wisconsin – November 6, 1989) was best known as the creator of the House on the Rock, an eccentric architectural and entertainment attraction in Spring Green, Wisconsin.
Biography
Published information on Jordan's life is scant. There are three biographies, all self-published. One is an unsympathetic 1990 biography by Marv Balousek, a newspaper reporter for the Wisconsin State Journal, who describes his book as "an unauthorized biography, ...not been sanctioned by the new owner of The House on the Rock, nor by those closest to Jordan. Jennie Olson, his companion of 50 years, declined to be interviewed; so did Don Martin, who helped build every exhibit." A 1991 "authorized biography" by Doug Moe was published by The House on the Rock and is sold in its gift shop. Moe had access to and quotes Jennie Olson, Don Martin, and others not accessible to Balousek. The third book is "Never Enough: The Creative Life of Alex Jordan" by Tom Kupsh, published in 2014. Kupsh was a sculptor who worked for Jordan at the House on the Rock from 1977 to 1984. From 1989 to 1998, Kupsh was the creative director at the House on the Rock. In 2006 Kupsh returned to be a creative consultant.
Balousek describes Jordan as "a shadowy figure as reclusive as the late multi-millionaire Howard Hughes" Moe agrees that "Alex Jordan did not like or seek personal publicity."
Jordan tried a variety of conventional paths in life before focusing on his childhood love of architecture and electronic gadgets. Atop his favorite wilderness retreat, the 450' tall Deer Shelter Rock, Jordan began construction of a peculiar Japanese House in 1945. The structure imitated the "fusion with nature" design style of Frank Lloyd Wright.
Although he initially tried to keep curious onlookers away, Jordan found that he could finance additional electronic and architectural projects at the site by charging a tour fee. Using this money, Jordan continued to build his complex of uncommon interests until his death in 1989, aged 75.
In March 1964, Jordan traveled with friend Homer Fieldhouse to New York to help landscape the Wisconsin Pavilion exhibit at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. Fieldhouse had been hired by Wisconsin's Lieutenant Governor, Jack Olson, to do the outdoor landscaping and to construct an indoor waterfall. Of particular interest to Jordan was a "talking" Abraham Lincoln, an audio-animatronic robot.
Jordan died at Meriter Hospital in Madison on November 6, 1989 following a heart attack.
References
External links
Roadside America
1914 births
1989 deaths
20th-century American architects
Architects from Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Madison, Wisconsin
20th-century American businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Jordan%20Jr. |
CurlON (formerly the Ontario Curling Association) is the governing body of curling in Southern Ontario. Northern Ontario is governed by the Northern Ontario Curling Association (NOCA). The CurlON sends a team to represent Team Ontario at all major Canadian Championships. The NOCA sends a separate team to all of these events.
CurlON was founded in 1875. It was renamed from the Ontario Curling Association in 2016.
Championships
Ontario Tankard
The Ontario Tankard is the provincial championship for men's curling. The winner represents Team Ontario at the Tim Hortons Brier.
Previous names:
Ontario Silver Tankard: 1927-1931
1932: Round robin playoff between the winners of the Ontario Tankard, Canada Life Trophy and the Toronto Bonspiel.
1933: Winner was decided between a playoff between the winners of the Ontario Tankard and the Toronto Bonspiel.
Ontario Tankard: 1934-1937
British Consols: 1938-1979
Labatt Tankard: 1980-1985
Blue Light Tankard: 1986-1995
Nokia Cup: 1996-2003
Ontario Men's Curling Championship: 2004
Kia Cup: 2005-2006
TSC Stores Tankard: 2007-2009
Ontario Men's Curling Championship: 2010
The Dominion Tankard: 2011-2013
Travelers Tankard: 2014
Recharge with Milk Tankard: 2015-2017
Dairy Farmers of Ontario Tankard: 2018
Ontario Curling Championships: 2019–present
Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the provincial championship for women's teams. Unlike the Dominion Tankard, the Hearts included teams from both southern and northern Ontario until 2015. The winner of the Ontario Hearts goes on to play in the national championship. Because the national champion returns the previous years champion to the event, if that team is from Ontario, they cannot defend their provincial championship. The national championship has been running since 1962, but the provincial championship has existed since 1956.
U-21 (Juniors)
The U-21 provincial curling championships are held annually in early January. The tournament is for curlers 20 years old and younger. A men's tournament has been held since 1950 and the women's since 1972. The winning team represents Ontario at the Canadian Junior Curling Championships.
BrokerLink Mixed
National champions in bold.
Seniors
The Ontario Senior Championship is for curlers over 50. The winner represents Ontario at the Canadian Senior Curling Championships.
U18 (formerly Bantams)
This event is for curlers 17 and under.
Best Western Intermediates
The Ontario Intermediate Championship was for curlers over 40 (men's) and 35 (women's). It was discontinued after 2018.
Champion skips (1993–2018):
Masters
The Ontario Masters Championship is for curlers over 60. The winner represents Ontario at the Canadian Masters Curling Championships.
(winners since 1993)
Mixed Doubles Challenge
First instituted in 2013 to send a team to the inaugural National Mixed Doubles Championship.
Gore Mutual Schoolboy/girl
This event is the provincial school championship, and teams represent their secondary schools rather than clubs. The boys event has been held annually since 1948.
2019 schoolgirl champion: A. N. Myer Secondary School (Megan Ford)
2019 schoolboy champion: Fellowes High School (Cole Lyon)
Notable past champions
Scott McDonald, St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Secondary School (2004)
Tim March, Sir Oliver Mowat CI (2005)
Patrick Janssen, Sir Oliver Mowat CI (2005)
Mark Bice, Northern Collegiate Institute and Vocational School (2002)
Steve Bice, Northern Collegiate Institute and Vocational School (2000)
Jason Young, Lambton C.V.I. (1998)
Greg Balsdon, Don Mills Collegiate Institute (1995)
Dale Matchett, Bradford District High School (1994)
Pat Ferris, Sutton District High School (1993)
Joe Frans, Smiths Falls District Collegiate Institute (1991)
Scott Patterson, Fellowes High School (1987)
Daryl Shane, John Diefenbaker Secondary School (1978)
Paul Savage, Don Mills Collegiate Institute (1965)
Wheelchair Championship
This is a mixed event, featuring wheelchair curling.
Champions:
2023: Jon Thurston, King C.C.
2022: Not held
2020: Cancelled
2019: Jim Armstrong, City View C.C.
2018: Chris Rees, Toronto Cricket
2017: Mike Munro, Ilderton C.C.
2016: Chris Rees, Toronto Cricket
2015: Chris Rees, Peterborough C.C.
2014: Mike Munro, Ilderton C.C.
2013: Ken Gregory, Bradford & District C.C.
2012: Mark Ideson, Ilderton C.C.
2011: Chris Rees, Toronto Cricket
2010: Bruce Cameron, RA Centre
2009: Ken Gregory, Bradford & District C.C.
2008: Chris Rees, Leaside C.C.
2007: Chris Rees, Leaside C.C.
2006: Chris Rees, Leaside C.C.
2005: Ken Gregory, Toronto Cricket
Wheelchair doubles.
Introduced in 2023. Champions are as follows:
2023: Alec Denys & Carl Bax, Peterborough C.C.
Men's Fairfield Marriott/Women's Challenge
This event allowed more amateur curlers to win a provincial championship. Only two members of a team were allowed to have won a zone crest in any other event except for youth events. In addition, only two members of the team could have won the provincial event before. All zone winners went straight to a 32 team provincial championship. This event was cancelled after 2018.
Notable winners:
2005 women's: Cathy Auld (St. George's Golf and Country Club)
Colts/Trophy
This event has historically disqualified the top teams in the province. In its final year, 2018, the winners qualified for the Ontario Tankard (men's) and the Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts (women's).
Notable past winners:
Sebastien Robillard (2018)
Chrissy Cadorin (2018)
Alison Goring (2014)
Mark Kean (2010)
Kimberly Tuck (2005)
Jon St. Denis (2004)
Chad Allen (2002)
Brent Ross (1997)
Adam Spencer (1994)
Nick Rizzo (1988)
Paul Savage (1968)
Junior Mixed
This event existed until 2016 and was replaced by the U21 Mixed Doubles championship. Competitors must be 20 years or younger as of December 31 of the previous year.
Past winners:
U21 Mixed Doubles
U18 Mixed
Previously known as Bantam Mixed
2019 champions: Jordan McNamara, Alyssa Blad, Maxime Daigle, Laura Smith
Notable past winners:
2013: Jeff Wanless, Jestyn Murphy, Hale Murphy, Leah Will
2012: Sarah Nuhn, John Willsey, Hilary Nuhn, Jean-Michel Barrette
2011: Jason Camm
2010: Tyler Sagan, Carly Howard, Jason Camm, Joan Moore
2009: Richard Krell
2008: Lynn Kreviazuk
2003: Rob Bushfield, Rachel Homan, Alex Coon, Alison Kreviazuk
2002: Chris Gardner
1998: Bobby Reid, Megan Balsdon, Mark Stanfield, Kelly Cochrane
Senior Mixed
Mixed curling for male curlers over 50 and female curlers over 45.
Notable past champions:
2017: Rob Lobel
2013, 2015 & 2022: Rick Thurston
Silver Tankard
In this event, each club that enters has two teams, who compete against other clubs, and scores are totalled in aggregate form. Regional and zone playdowns are single-knock out rather than double. It is the oldest of the O.C.A. events, dating back to 1875. The women's event has been held since 1914.
The event served as a provincial championship from 1927 to 1931 with a team selected from with winning club representing Ontario at the Brier. In 1932 and 1933, the winner entered a playoff to go to the Brier, and from 1934 to 1937, the winner of the Brier trophy event of the Tankard went to the Brier.
In 2022, the event format changed, with the men's and women's events being merged into one. The event is still a double rink event, except one team must be a men's team, and the other a women's team.
Champion clubs since 1992:
Curling Club Championship
Champions
Grand Masters
This event is for curlers over the age of 70. The event is an open event, that women and men may enter. It began in 2007.
Winners:
2007: Peter Barker
2008: Al Boyle
2009: Garry Holmes
2010: Peter Barker
2011: Austin Palmer
2012: Rod Matheson
2013: Art Leganchuk
2014: Bob Edmondson
2015: Benny Brock
2016: Ron Perrier
2017: Gerard Gidding
2018: Bob Edmondson
2019: Don Moseley-Williams
2020–22: Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2023: Ted Hellyer
Provincial Stick Bonspiel
In this event, curlers must use a "stick" to throw the rock. "Sticks" are usually used by disabled and elderly athletes unable to throw the rock by sliding along the ice. The event began in 2007.
Winners:
2007: Del Hicke
2008: Harold Peltzer
2009: Harold Peltzer
2010: Ed Ferguson
2011: Bruce Jeffrey
2012: Bruce Jeffrey
2013: Carl Glatt
2014: Carl Glatt
2015: Bruce Jeffrey
2016: Hugh Chesser
2017: Bruce Folkard
2019: Bruce Gillespie
2020: cancelled
2022: Rick Thurston
2023: Morris Anderson
Two-person
2019: Ron Scheckenberger/Ken Mattis
2020: Ron Scheckenberger/Ken Mattis
2022: Jim Armstrong/Ian Gray
2023: Morris Anderson/Wayne Shea
Elementary School Championship
This event is open to elementary school students of any gender. Teams represent their elementary schools. The event began in 1993.
Past winners:
Tanner Horgan, MacLeod Public School (2012)
Ontario Parasport Games
Winners:
2006: Bruce Cameron (RA Centre)
2008: Chris Daw (Bradford)
2010: Ken Gregory (Bradford)
2012: Ken Gregory (Bradford)
Ontario Winter Games
Winners:
Men's
2002: Mike Anderson (Bayview)
2004: Shane Latimer (Winchester)
2006: Neil Sinclair (Manotick)
2008: Richard Krell (St. Thomas)
2010: Ben Bevan (Annandale)
2012: Doug Kee (Sarnia)
2014: Matthew Hall (Stroud)
2016: Cancelled
2018: Josh Leung (Whitby)
2020: Dylan Niepage (Coldwater)
Women's
2002: Laura Payne (Prescott)
2004: Hollie Nicol (Bayview)
2006: Rachel Homan (City View)
2008: Crystal Lillico (Winchester)
2010: Lauren Horton (Huntley)
2012: Krysta Burns (Idylwylde)
2014: Megan Smith (Sudbury)
2016: Cancelled
2018: Rachel Steele (Port Perry)
2020: Emily Deschenes (Manotick)
Wheelchair
2012: Chris Rees (Toronto Cricket)
2014: Chris Rees (Peterborough)
2018: ?
2020: Carl Bax
Mixed doubles
2018: ?
2020: Mychelle Zahab & Sam Mooibroek
See also
List of curling clubs in Ontario
Northern Ontario Curling Association
Ottawa Valley Curling Association
Toronto Curling Association
References
Sources
Soudog's Curling History Site
Curlingzone.com
Ontario Curling Association
Canadian Curling Association
Curling governing bodies in Canada
Sports governing bodies in Ontario
Curling in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CurlON |
Edgeworks Entertainment is a machinima and new media production company founded by Alexander Winn and cofounded by Lacey Hannan. The company first gained recognition for their machinima series including The Codex Series, Vox Populi, Forsaken and Radical. Edgeworks is also known for hit terraforming game TerraGenesis, which has over 20 million downloads.
Productions
The Codex Series
The Codex crew, which then consisted of Alexander Winn, Ryan Luther, Patrick Malone and Meghan Foster, all got together to celebrate the launch of The Codex Series. Lauren Jenks joined the crew after a few months, and the series reached 20 episodes before it ended on August 13, 2005, when Episode 20, "The End of All Things", was released.he Codex Series is the name for the overarching story of the machinima series The Codex and The Heretic. Collectively, the series have received over 80 million hits as of April 2008.
The Codex
The Codex is a 20-episode online machinima series, set in Bungie' Halo video game universe. Along with its sister series, The Heretic, it is part of the greater Codex Series. It relates the story of a Covenant invasion of a Human world in order to recover a Forerunner artifact, and the story of the Humans resistance of that invasion. Since its initial release on February 9, 2005, The Codex has earned a large international fan base, and has been featured in numerous print, radio, televised, and online news media such as NPR, mtvU, Xbox World 360 Magazine in Britain, and the front covers of the Dallas Observer and Houston Press. In his September 29, 2005 Long Tail blog entry, Chris Anderson, Editor-in-Chief of Wired magazine, described The Codex as the best machinima he had ever seen and an excellent example of his Long Tail theory. The Codex is the highest trafficked peer-produced Halo machinima series in existence, ranking second only to the professionally produced series Red vs. Blue.
The Heretic
The Heretic is the second machinima series made by Edgeworks Entertainment. Like its predecessor, The Heretic is set in Bungie' Halo video game universe. It is a prequel to the popular series The Codex. The Heretic tells the story of how the Codex was found, and how the various characters in The Codex came to be involved with it. At 12:01 AM, February 9, 2007, Edgeworks Entertainment released Episode 1: Seeds of Doubt.
The Reclaimer
The Reclaimer was planned to be a sequel to The Codex and also the final series in The Codex Series. However, production of the series has officially been halted until further notice as a result of Microsoft's release of their Game Content Usage Rules, which made certain elements of the series impossible.
Vox Populi
Vox Populi is the first non-machinima endeavor from Edgeworks Entertainment. It is a community-driven review site, in which registered members can post reviews for, at the time of release, movies and video games. In the following weeks, Edgeworks also added television and book review sections.
Forsaken
Forsaken was a planned machinima series by Edgeworks Entertainment, and would have been the group's first to be made in the World of Warcraft game engine. According to Edgeworks, the series centered on an "over-the-hill hero" who "must rise to the challenge when the forces of evil begin their bid for control over the land of Azeroth". The series was announced on April 12, 2006, with a teaser trailer and was to be written and directed by Malone and co-produced by Malone and Winn. Forsaken would have been the first Edgeworks production not to be written or directed by Winn, and Edgeworks cited the new series as the first step towards making a community for "artistic development and distribution". Unfortunately, due to the series being rendered impossible thanks to a patch released for World of Warcraft, production of the series has halted as of January 3, 2007, and it seems unlikely that it will ever be completed or released.
Radical
On 9 February 2010, 5 years after the release of The Codex it was announced that Edgeworks would be creating a new, original, live action web series called Radical. A teaser trailer was released, along with a new forum section and media components. Production was slated to start late spring 2010 with a release date of the first episode also around that time, but was put on hold indefinitely.
TerraGenesis
On July 6, 2016, Winn released his 25th app, TerraGenesis, on the iOS App store. Based on real science and data from NASA, the game lets players terraform planets across the Solar System, far-flung systems like TRAPPIST-1, and even journey through time to explore various stages of the Earth's history. As players terraform, they cultivate entire civilizations through emergent gameplay, tackling societal, economical, ecological, cultural, and political evolution and issues as they work to create habitable worlds for people to live on. Winn always thought someone should make a game based on terraforming and had only spent a month building the game upon the initial release. At the same time, the public's interest in space entertainment was increasing due to the release of Ridley Scott's The Martian starring Matt Damon. Winn was able to create what he calls a “little version” of TerraGenesis in time for the film's opening.
Winn quickly moved on to creating his next app and did not originally think much of TerraGenesis''' release. When the app started to pick up, Winn and his wife were actually living in New Zealand at the time and were road tripping around for seven months. Winn says, "She was driving and I was on my little MacBook Air in the passenger seat doing bug fixes, pushing out updates on hotel Wi-Fi and stuff.”
In June 2017, TerraGenesis took the top prize at the Very Big Indie Pitch at Pocket Gamer Connects San Francisco.
On October 4, 2017, Edgeworks signed with publishing company Tilting Point for TerraGenesis, which market and distribute the title on iOS and Android. On April 4, 2018, Edgeworks Entertainment and publisher Tilting Point announced launching TerraGenesis on the Google Play store, making it available for Android users.
In May 2019, the 5.0 version update of TerraGenesis was launched, adding a whole host of new features to the game, as well as a completely revamped graphical engine. Two months later on July 20 a "flat planet mode" was added to the game as well as moon landing inspired events in the game to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Moon Landing.
On July 31, 2019, Edgeworks and Tilting Point announced their plans to release TerraGenesis to the Microsoft store in the fall. To showcase the upcoming Microsoft Store launch, Tilting Point and Edgeworks partnered with filmmaker and composer John D. Boswell on a cinematic video for TerraGenesis, showcasing the possibilities of space exploration, depicting a sense of wonder and curiosity.TerraGenesis'' currently has over 20 million downloads and is available in 12 different languages.
References
External links
Edgeworks Entertainment official website
Film production companies of the United States
Machinima
Companies based in Dallas
Companies based in Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgeworks%20Entertainment |
Ardglass Castle (also known as The Newark) is situated in Ardglass, County Down, Northern Ireland. It was originally a row of 15th century warehouses by the harbour. Large sections of the original building can still be seen within the modern club house of Ardglass Golf Club. (Grid ref: 561 371)
History
The 15th century structures were converted into a castellated house at the end of the 18th century by Charles FitzGerald, the first and last Baron Lecale. The castle was also lived in by his mother, Emily FitzGerald, Duchess of Leinster, and her second husband, William Ogilvie, who had been tutor to her son, Lord Edward FitzGerald. Ogilvie subsequently worked to develop Ardglass as a fashionable seaside resort and port. The old warehouses were given battlements, regular windows and the interior was decorated with plasterwork of the period. It was eventually inherited by William Ogilvie's daughter by a former marriage, who was the wife of Charles Beauclerk, a great grandson of Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans. In the later 19th century there was further work on the windows and a porch added to one front. The castle became the premises of Ardglass Golf Club in 1911.
Features
The block of warehouses was built to provide 13 spaces behind the quay, guarded by towers at each end, and which it is assumed could be let out to resident or visiting merchants.
The Dublin Penny Journal of 30 March 1833 describes Ardglass Castle as follows:
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
References
External links
Royal Irish Academy - Three Medieval Buildings in the Port of Ardglass, Co. Down By T.E. McNeill, published 15 April 2005
Castles in County Down
Ardglass
Grade B1 listed buildings
Houses completed in the 15th century | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardglass%20Castle |
Hubert Marie Eugène Pierlot (, 23 December 1883 – 13 December 1963) was a Belgian politician and Prime Minister of Belgium, serving between 1939 and 1945. Pierlot, a lawyer and jurist, served in World War I before entering politics in the 1920s. A member of the Catholic Party, Pierlot became Prime Minister in 1939, shortly before Belgium entered World War II. In this capacity, he headed the Belgian government in exile, first from France and later Britain, while Belgium was under German occupation. During the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940, a violent disagreement broke out between Pierlot and King Leopold III over whether the King should follow the orders of his ministers and go into exile or surrender to the German Army. Pierlot considered Leopold's subsequent surrender a breach of the Constitution and encouraged the parliament to declare Leopold unfit to reign. The confrontation provoked a lasting animosity between Pierlot and other conservatives, who supported the King's position and considered the government's exile to be cowardly.
While in exile in London between 1940 and 1944, Pierlot served as both the prime minister of Belgium and minister of Defence and played an important role in wartime negotiations between the Allied powers, laying the foundation for Belgian post-war reconstruction. After the liberation of Belgium in September 1944, Pierlot returned to Brussels where, against his wishes, he headed a fresh government of national unity until February 1945. Criticism from the political left and the failure of the new government to deal with the serious issues facing the country following the liberation led to the fall of the government in February 1945 and he was replaced by the socialist Achille Van Acker. Pierlot's stance against Leopold III during the war made him a controversial figure during his lifetime and he was widely disliked in the same royalist and conservative circles from which his own Catholic Party (later the Christian Social Party) drew most of its support. He retired from politics in 1946 amid the crisis of the Royal Question, surrounding whether Leopold could return to the Belgian throne, and died peacefully in 1963. After his death, Pierlot's reputation improved as the decisions he took during the war were reconsidered by historians.
Birth and early career
Pierlot was born in Cugnon, a small village between Bertrix and Bouillon, in the Belgian Province of Luxembourg on 23 December 1883. His parents belonged to an eminent and wealthy Catholic family which was part of the Belgian conservative establishment. His brother, Jean Pierlot, would later become a member of the Belgian Resistance during the war and died in a German concentration camp in 1944.
Hubert Pierlot was educated in religious schools in Maredsous and later attended the prestigious Jesuit Collège Saint-Michel secondary school in Brussels. He studied at the Catholic University of Louvain where he received a licence in Political Science and a doctorate in Law. During his early life, he travelled to the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. He later married Marie-Louise ( De Kinder) and had seven children. With the German invasion of Belgium in August 1914, he volunteered for the Belgian infantry as a private. He served at the Battle of the Yser and on the Yser Front where he was decorated for valour. By the end of the war, he had reached the rank of Lieutenant and was serving in the 20th Regiment of the Line.
After the war, Pierlot joined the Catholic Party (Parti catholique), the main centre-right party in Belgium and one of the three that dominated Belgian political life. The Catholic Party, which was considered the party of stability and the establishment, was extremely electorally successful during the interwar period and headed a series of coalition governments. On 23 December 1925, Pierlot entered parliament as a member of the Chamber of Deputies representing Neufchâteau-Virton but left just a week later to become a senator. He served as provincial senator for Luxembourg from 1926 to 1936 and as directly elected senator for the same province between 1936 and 1946. He received a reputation for his oratorical abilities and for personal sincerity during the late 1920s.
In the successive Catholic government of the interwar period, he served as the minister of Internal Affairs (1934–35), minister of Agriculture (1934–35; 1936–39), and minister of Foreign Affairs (1939). He first led a coalition of Catholics and Socialists, and then one of Catholics and Liberals.
As Prime Minister
During the interwar period, Belgium pursued a policy of political neutrality and attempted to avoid confrontation with Nazi Germany. When the Phoney War broke out, Pierlot became the leader of a tripartite national government of Catholics, Liberals and Socialists which stayed in power until the German invasion in May 1940.
Break with Leopold III
During the fighting in May 1940, the Pierlot government came into conflict with King Leopold III who had taken personal command of the Belgian Army. The first confrontation between the government and the King occurred on 10 May, when the King, against the wishes of the government, left for his military headquarters without addressing the Chamber of Representatives like his father, Albert I, had done in 1914. Contact between the King and the government became sporadic while the government feared that the King was acting beyond his constitutional powers. Like his father, Leopold was subject to Article 64 of the constitution which specified that no act of the King was valid unless counter-signed by a government minister, yet also given supreme power in military matters under Article 68. The two clauses appeared to contradict each other and gave all the king's acts in military-political matters an unclear constitutional footing.
As the Belgian forces, together with their French and British allies, were forced to retreat, Leopold decided that surrendering the army was the only viable course of action. On 24 May, as the government was leaving the country for exile in France, a group of ministers including Pierlot held a final meeting with Leopold at the Kasteel van Wijnendale. They called for him to follow the example of the Norwegian king, Haakon VII, and join them in exile as a symbol of continued resistance. Leopold refused, believing that as commander, he should surrender alongside his army, provoking real animosity. He also believed that, by leaving for France, the Belgian government would surrender its neutrality and become a puppet government. He also believed that, as a neutral power with no formal treaty of alliance with France or Britain, the Belgian army was not obliged to hold out as long as it possibly could if it incurred huge casualties and had no chance of defending its own territory. On 28 May, after a brief attempt to form a new government of sympathetic politicians under Henri de Man and after denouncing Pierlot and his government, Leopold surrendered to the Germans and was made a prisoner of war.
Leopold's decision to surrender was seized on by the British and French press who blamed him for the military situation. The Belgian government met in Paris on 26 May and invoked Article 82 of the Constitution, declaring the monarch unable to reign (dans l'impossibilité de régner), and resolved to continue the fight against Germany. The following day, Pierlot held an important meeting with the French Prime Minister, Paul Reynaud, in which the French premier called for the Belgian government to publicly denounce the King and his surrender. Following the meeting, Pierlot gave a radio speech denouncing the King whom he accused of acting unconstitutionally and in sympathy with the Germans. Before being broadcast, Pierlot's speech was heavily edited by the French minister Georges Mandel to ensure a position favorable to the French. The denunciation of the King, who was popular across most strata of Belgian society and supported by the church, led to a big loss of public support and alienated Pierlot from his supporters and party.
Exile government in France
The government met in Limoges and then withdrew to Poitiers and Bordeaux, but as the French military situation deteriorated, became split over what should happen. The government was split between those who supported staying in France or staying with the French government and those who supported withdrawing to the United Kingdom. Pierlot supported retreating to London, but was keen to preserve the unity of his government, most of which supported remaining in France. Hoping to keep the Belgian Congo under Belgian sovereignty, Pierlot allowed the Minister of the Colonies, Albert de Vleeschauwer, to leave France while the government met to consider whether it should resign to make way for a new constitutional authority in occupied Brussels.
Fearing a surrender to the Germans, Marcel-Henri Jaspar, a junior minister, left France for London where, together with Camille Huysmans, he appeared to form a rebel government or Belgian National Committee (Comité national belge) condemned by the official government. De Vleeschauwer arrived in London, where he was joined by Camille Gutt, the Minister of Finances, to deal with the threat. Pierlot remained in France. De Vleeschauwer travelled to neutral Spain where, at Le Perthus on the French-Spanish border, he met with Pierlot and Paul-Henri Spaak, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, to attempt to persuade them to join him in London. Pierlot refused. Continued negotiations with the new Vichy government of Philippe Pétain proved fruitless. In August 1940, under pressure from the Germans, the French broke off diplomatic relations with the Belgian government and ordered it to disband. On 22 August, Pierlot and Spaak received the permission of the government to leave for London while the rest of the government remained in France.
Pierlot and Spaak, together with Pierlot's family, crossed into Francoist Spain with an official visa, but were arrested in Barcelona and held under house arrest in a hotel. On 18 October, they escaped from confinement and headed for Portugal where the regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, although neutral, was more sympathetic to the Allied cause than Spain. They finally arrived in London on 22 October.
Exile government in London
Shortly after his arrived in London, during the middle of the Blitz, Pierlot narrowly avoided being killed when the Carlton Hotel, where he was staying, was destroyed in bombing in November 1940.
The arrival of Pierlot and Spaak officially began the period of the "Government of Four" (Pierlot, Spaak, Gutt and De Vleeschauwer) which formed the core of the Belgian government in exile. Nonetheless, the Foreign Office distrusted Pierlot for not leaving France sooner. The Foreign Minister, Anthony Eden, is said to have remarked that "Pierlot is not impressive, but he is legitimate". Pierlot's status as the last elected Prime Minister did however provided sufficient legitimacy for the official government to undermine the Jaspar-Huysmans government in the eyes of the British government and achieve officially-approved status.
The government in exile received full diplomatic recognition from the Allied countries. The bulk of the Belgian government was installed in Eaton Square in the Belgravia area of London, which before the war had been the location of the Belgian Embassy. Other government departments were installed in nearby Hobart Place, Belgrave Square and in Knightsbridge. By May 1941, there were nearly 750 people working in the government in London in all capacities. The government in exile directed the formation of the Free Belgian Forces and was negotiated with the Resistance and other Allied governments. The government in exile also controlled much of Belgium's gold reserves, which had been evacuated before the defeat, which it loaned to the British and American governments. It was also involved in coordinating the war effort of the Belgian Congo which was an important source of raw materials, like uranium, to the Allies. From early in the war, the government was able to make contact with Leopold, through various intermediaries, but was unable to create a full reconciliation between the royal and Pierlot factions.
On 28 April 1941, Pierlot's two eldest children were travelling to their boarding school when the train they were on caught fire near Westborough, Lincolnshire. Both were killed.
Pierlot was one of the chief supporters of the Benelux Customs Union negotiated with both the Dutch and Luxembourgish governments in exile and signed in September 1944. Unlike Spaak, who was a staunch supporter of greater cooperation between states in Western Europe, Pierlot supported a transatlantic alliance with the United States to guarantee Belgian independence after the end of the war.
Defence ministry crisis
From its inception, the position of Minister of Defence in the government in exile was heavily contested. The appointment of Henri Rolin, an academic, to the position was particularly resented. In October 1942, Pierlot dismissed Rolin who he accused of involving himself in factional internal politics of the army, parts of which had begun to behave mutinously about their perceived inaction. To resolve the deadlock, Pierlot decided to take on the position personally. He began a major restructuring of the command structure of the infantry in an ultimately successful attempt to resolve the situation. A minor mutiny among soldiers from an artillery battery was quickly suppressed in November 1942, but Pierlot was widely criticised by the British press during the soldiers' court martial in January 1943.
In 1944, Pierlot began drawing up plans for the reorganization of the Belgian Army after the liberation, known as the Pierlot Plan (Plan Pierlot). The plan called for the formation of two brigades of infantry, six battalions of fusiliers, logistics and support units in Belgium immediately after liberation in order to fight alongside Allied troops during an invasion of Germany. In the longer term, these troops would form the core of a new division around which more troops could be raised.
Liberation governments
The liberation of Belgium begun in September 1944 as Allied forces moved eastwards. Brussels was liberated on 3 September. On 8 September, Pierlot and the government in exile arrived in the city by aeroplane. The return of the government was met with general indifference by the population, which felt the government had been indifferent to the plight of the population during the occupation.
Parliament met for the first time since 1940 on 19 September 1944 in which Pierlot presented a summary of the government's actions in Britain during the occupation. One of the first acts of the government was to make Prince Charles, Leopold's brother, the prince regent on 20 September. On 26 September, a new liberation government of national unity was created. Because of a shortage of candidates, Pierlot continued to head it. The new government included members of the Communist Party of Belgium (PCB-KPB) for the first time. It presided over the eventual liberation of all of Belgium, delayed by a German offensive in the Ardennes in the winter of 1944. The government was weakened by continued problems with the national food supply in the winter of 1944 which caused popular discontent.
During this period, the government was involved in launching Gutt's monetary reform plan as well as the disarming of the resistance as part of the transition to stability. A major crisis emerged within the government over the refusal of the Front de l'Indépendance (FI-OF) and the Partisans Armés (PA), two large left-wing resistance groups, to disband and disarm. Pierlot, suspicious of their motivations, came into confrontation with the Communists. The three Communist ministers resigned from the government, and the party began agitating against Pierlot. Amid fears of a Communist coup d'état, parliament voted through emergency powers allowing the Gendarmerie to forcibly disarm the resistance though sporadic strikes continued. The government also voted through important social security reforms.
Continued problems with the food supply, coupled the unpopularity of some of the government's measures, led to widespread press criticism of the Pierlot government. Strikes across the country in February 1945 further destabilised the government. On 7 February 1945, Pierlot publicly defended the actions of the government in parliament, but failed to make a significant impression. The government fell in February, and was replaced by a new, short-lived national union government under Achille Van Acker while the polemic surrounding the possible dismissal or restatement of Leopold III were considered.
Later life and death
After the fall of his government, Pierlot returned to his position as senator of the arrondissements of Arlon, Marche-en-Famenne, Bastogne, Neufchâteau and Virton until the elections of February 1946. In September 1945, Pierlot was appointed to the honorary role of Minister of State by Charles and, shortly after the 1946 election, was awarded the title of Count. Because he was considered an anti-Leopoldist during the crisis surrounding the Royal Question, he was ostracised by the pro-Leopoldist successor to the Catholic Party, the Christian Social Party (Parti social-chrétien or PSC-CVP).
Retiring from politics, Pierlot returned to practicing law in Brussels. In 1946, a book entitled the Livre Blanc (White Book) was published at the request of Leopold, defending the King and attacking the exile government's record. Responding to the criticism, Pierlot published a widely distributed series of articles in the newspaper Le Soir. He remained a controversial figure. King Baudouin, replacing his father as King in 1950, also refused to receive Pierlot at the palace. After 1947, he refused to return to politics or to respond publicly to criticism from his political enemies.
Pierlot died in Uccle, a wealthy suburb of Brussels, on 13 December 1963, ten days before his 80th birthday. He is buried in Cugnon. A charitable organisation, the Fondation Hubert Pierlot (Hubert Pierlot Foundation), was established by friends of Pierlot in 1966.
Posthumous rehabilitation
After his death, Pierlot's political reputation was reappraised by historians who reconsidered the decisions he took during his wartime government. He was notably praised by his colleague, Paul-Henri Spaak who later became first President of the United Nations General Assembly, Secretary General of NATO, and one of the founding fathers of the European Union. In his 1969 memoires, Spaak praised Pierlot as "serious to the point of severity, honest to the point of scrupulosity, a tireless worker, a devout Christian, a patriot, a model of civic, professional, and family virtues, he was an exceptional man."
References
Bibliography
External links
Hubert Pierlot at the official website of the Belgian Prime Minister
Hubert Pierlot, du devoir au sacrifice at La Libre Belgique
Hubert Pierlot, Premier ministre oublié at L'Avenir
Hubert Pierlot in ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures
1883 births
1963 deaths
People from Bertrix
Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
Belgian military personnel of World War I
20th-century Belgian lawyers
Catholic Party (Belgium) politicians
Prime Ministers of Belgium
Belgian Ministers of State
Members of the Belgian government in exile
World War II political leaders
Counts of Belgium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert%20Pierlot |
Failure is the seventh studio album by avant-garde band King Missile, released on September 15, 1998, by Shimmy Disc.
Reception
Tom Schulte of AllMusic awarded Failure three out of five stars, calling its music "repulsively absurd, detailed personal attacks of venomous cynicism" that "may be as strongly worded as Jonathan Swift (read A Modest Proposal) and exaggerated as Voltaire (compare Pangloss' philosophy to track one)." Ink 19 commended the band's return to Shimmy Disc and the band's individual performances. However, Lollipop Magazine's Scott Hefflon wrote that "while subtly clever at times, Failure provides no instant gratification such as 'Detachable Penis' [and] 'Jesus Was Way Cool,'" and "certainly has its moments, but the musical noodling is distracting and there're only a few "must-have" tracks here."
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the Failure liner notes.
King Missile
Bradford Reed – pencilina, piano, organ, synthesizer, drums, percussion, backing vocals, engineering, photography
Charles Curtis – cello, guitar, backing vocals
Sasha Forte – violin, viola, bass guitar, backing vocals, production
John S. Hall – lead vocals, backing vocals, production
Additional performers
Jane Scarpantoni – cello, synthesizer
Production and design
David Bias – art direction
Mark Kramer – production
Sasha Forte – production
Nancy Hall – photography
Sascha von Oertzen – assistant engineering
Yuriko Tada – cover art, liner notes
Release history
References
External links
Failure at Discogs (list of releases)
Failure at iTunes
King Missile albums
1998 albums
Shimmy Disc albums
Albums produced by Kramer (musician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure%20%28King%20Missile%20album%29 |
Goofspiel (also known as The Game of Pure Strategy, GOPS or Psychological Jujitsu) is a card game for two or more players. It was invented by Merrill Flood while at Princeton University in the 1930s, and Alex Randolph describes a similar game as having been popular with the 5th Indian Army during the Second World War.
The game is simple to learn and play, but has some degree of strategic depth. It is commonly used as an example of multi-stage simultaneous move game in game theory and artificial intelligence.
Game play
Goofspiel is played using cards from a standard deck of cards, and is typically a two-player game, although more players are possible. Each suit is ranked A (low), 2, ..., 10, J, Q, K (high).
One suit is singled out as the "prizes"; each of the remaining suits becomes a hand for one player, with one suit discarded if there are only two players, or taken from additional decks if there are four or more. The prizes are shuffled and placed between the players with one card turned up.
Play proceeds in a series of rounds. The players make sealed bids for the top (face up) prize by selecting a card from their hand (keeping their choice secret from their opponent). Once these cards are selected, they are simultaneously revealed, and the player making the highest bid takes the competition card. Rules for ties in the bidding vary, possibilities including the competition card being discarded, or its value split between the tied players (possibly resulting in fractional scores). Some play that the current prize "rolls over" to the next round, so that two or more cards are competed for at once with a single bid card.
The cards used for bidding are discarded, and play continues with a new upturned prize card.
After 13 rounds, there are no remaining cards and the game ends. Typically, players earn points equal to sum of the ranks of cards won (i.e. ace is worth one point, 2 is two points, etc., jack 11, queen 12, and king 13 points). Players may agree upon other scoring schemes.
Mathematical analysis
Goofspiel (or variants of it) has been the subject of mathematical study. For example, Sheldon Ross considered the case when one player plays their cards randomly, to determine the best strategy that the other player should use. Using a proof by induction on the number of cards, Ross showed that the optimal strategy for the non-randomizing player is to match the upturned card, i.e. if the upturned card is the Jack, they should play their Jack, etc. In this case, the expected final score is 59½ - 31½, for a 28-point win.
In 2012 Glenn Rhoads and Laurent Bartholdi found a Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies for the game as defined by Ross, where the payoff players maximize is the point difference in scores rather than the probability of winning, using linear and dynamic programming. A Nash equilibrium strategy is not necessarily the best strategy, only one that does the best if the other player uses the strategy that the Nash equilibrium assigns to them.
Strategy
Any pure strategy in this game has a simple counter-strategy where the opponent bids one rank higher, or as low as possible against the King bid. As an example, consider the strategy of matching the upturned card value mentioned in the previous section. The final score will be 78 - 13 with the King being the only lost prize.
In general, making a very low bid can be advantageous if the player has correctly guessed that the opponent is making a high bid; despite losing a (presumably high-scoring) prize, the player gains an advantage in bidding power that can last for multiple turns. In the variant in which tie bids cause prizes to accumulate, the player with a bidding advantage might make bids that are more likely to tie, knowing that they can then use their uncontested high-bid card to win the accumulated group.
See also
What the Heck?, a 1988 game by Alex Randolph
References
External links
Complete goofspiel analysis
GOPS page at Pagat.com
Solving Problems the Clojure Way - Rafal Dittwald Implementing GOPS in various style of programming
Card games introduced in the 1930s
Year of introduction missing
Games of mental skill | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goofspiel |
They is the second studio album by King Missile (Dog Fly Religion), released in 1988 by Shimmy Disc.
Reception
Tim DiGravina of AllMusic called They "remarkably accomplished" and "filled with potent, dark humor, but its gentle spirit and artistic puns make for a compelling listen." Trouser Press wrote that "Hall's black humor meshes nicely with Dogbowl's more romantic inclinations."
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the They liner notes.
King Missile
Charles Curtis – cello
Steve Dansiger – drums, percussion
John S. Hall – lead vocals
Stephen Tunney (as Dogbowl) – guitar, backing vocals
Additional performers
Alex DeLaszlo – saxophone ("Double Fucked by 2 Black Studs")
R.B. Korbet – drums ("Double Fucked by 2 Black Studs")
Mark Kramer – slide guitar, production, engineering
David Licht – additional percussion
Production and design
Macioce – cover art, photography
Release history
References
External links
They at iTunes
King Missile albums
1988 albums
Shimmy Disc albums
Albums produced by Kramer (musician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They%20%28album%29 |
Raritan Landing is a historical unincorporated community located within Piscataway Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, which was once an inland port, the farthest upstream point ocean-going ships could reach along the Raritan River, across from New Brunswick. Begun in the early 18th century it remained vital until the mid 19th century, when most of the port was abandoned.
The remains of the community now reside buried beneath Johnson Park on the south side of River Road, Remnants of the era, mostly the bluff overlooking the Raritan, include the Cornelius Low House, Metlar-Bodine House, and the Road Up Raritan Historic District and an archeological site. The nearby East Jersey Olde Towne Village is home to a permanent exhibition about the Raritan Landing.
History
Raritan Landing emerged as a vital port community during the 1720s. It was situated at the farthest inland point on the Raritan River that could be navigated by merchant ships of the day. In its heyday, the Landing was the center for local trade and, along with New Brunswick, served as a hub for imports and exports to and from the Raritan Valley. Agricultural goods and lumber brought to Raritan Landing from throughout central New Jersey were stored in warehouses here, awaiting shipment to either New York or sometimes the Caribbean. Imported goods were off-loaded and taken by traders to stores and merchants throughout the area. The majority of the community existed between present-day River Road and the Raritan River, near the intersection of Landing Lane and River Road. By the 1740s, there were approximately 70 structures and more than 100 inhabitants.
By the early days of the American Revolution the community was occupied by British troops. The bluffs provided safe haven for the troops, and an unobstructed lookout toward New Brunswick, enabling clear views of approaching Patriot forces.
Timeline
: Raritan Landing community first occupied.
: Edward Antill House is built.
1740: Raritan Landing community included 70 structures and more than 100 inhabitants.
1741: Cornelius Low House is built.
1825: Landing Lane was lined with blacksmith shops, cooper shops, stores and warehouses.
1830: Construction of Delaware and Raritan Canal begins.
1834: Delaware and Raritan Canal completed.
1870: Most of the community is dismantled and converted to pastureland.
1936: Cornelius C. Vermeule, a Piscataway resident, creates a map of Raritan Landing based on his research. The numbers on the map correspond to houses and are keyed to a list of owners included in an article published in the Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society. His publication draws others into researching the history of the area. Some of the Vermeule designations are later updated with wills, deeds, newspaper reports, and other paper record.
1970s: Cornelius Low House, Metlar-Bodine House, and Road Up Raritan Historic District are added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places
Raritan Landing Archeological Site
The Raritan Landing Archeological Site includes the Upper Van Rants House Site, the Bluff Prehistoric Site, and areas just downriver in what has become today's Highland Park as well as in Johnson Park. The site was originally listed in 1979 and expanded in 1984. Work was begun by Rutgers University in 1979 and was continued under the auspices of the New Jersey Department of Transportation as part of the planned extension of Route 18, planned for completion in 2012.
Residents
Margaret DeGroot and Benjamin Field
Jeremiah Fieldbutt
Lena Suydam and George Boice
Peter Levis Boice
Abraham Van Ranst
Isaac Wilson
Edward Antill, merchant
Catherine LaBoyteaux and John Bodine, trader
Jean Blair
Daniel and John Bray
John Castner
William Dugdale, merchant
Effie Hardenbrook and Evert Duyckinck, trader
Adolphus Hardenbrook, merchant
Duncan Hutchison, physician
John Neilson, physician and his son, Colonel John Neilson
Bernardus LaGrange, merchant
Elizabeth Henry and Paul LaBoyteaux (1699-after 1766)
Gabriel LaBoyteaux
Cornelius Low I (1691–1783), merchant
Isaac Smalley
Catheryntje and Johannes TenBrook, merchant
See also
List of the oldest buildings in New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, New Jersey
East Jersey Old Town Village
Six Mile Run
New Bridge Landing
References
External links
Ghost towns in New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Middlesex County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Piscataway, New Jersey
Pre-statehood history of New Jersey
Archaeological sites in New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, New Jersey
Ports and harbors of New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
1720s establishments in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raritan%20Landing%2C%20New%20Jersey |
The United Independent Front (UIF) was a political party in South Africa. It broke away from the United Democratic Movement (UDM). Until his death in 2006, it was led by Malizole Diko. He and Nomakhaya Mdaka were the sole members of parliament and left the UDM on 15 September 2005 during the floor crossing period.
The party failed to win any seats in the 2009 general election and have since failed to renew their registration with the Independent Electoral Commission.
Election results
References
External links
United Independent Front Official Site
Defunct political parties in South Africa
Political parties with year of disestablishment missing
Political parties with year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Independent%20Front |
Emanuel "Emmy" Bezzina (born October 29, 1947, to Joseph Bezzina and Joan née Caruana) is the co-founder and chairman of the fringe Maltese political party Alpha Liberal Democratic Party. He is also a broadcaster and has regular weekly TV programmes in which he discusses law and social problems on Smash Television.
Emmy Bezzina contested the first European Parliament elections held in Malta in June, 2004, obtaining 717 first-count votes. (0.3%).
Emmy Bezzina is also a well known lawyer, best known for being the lawyer of controversial politician Norman Lowell, the leader of the Imperium Europa party.
External links
Official Website
1947 births
Living people
Leaders of political parties in Malta
21st-century Maltese politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy%20Bezzina |
Multani v Commission scolaire Marguerite‑Bourgeoys, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 256, 2006 SCC 6 is a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada in which the Court struck down an order of a Quebec school authority, that prohibited a Sikh child from wearing a kirpan to school, as a violation of freedom of religion under section 2(a) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This order could not be saved under section 1 of the Charter.
The case involved a 13-year-old Sikh named Gurbaj Singh, who in November 2001 dropped a metal kirpan at his school, École Sainte‑Catherine‑Labouré. This prompted the school board to request certain limits on the wearing of the kirpan, including that it be covered at all times. The Sikh family accepted this request. However, another board, in February 2002, overrode the school board, deciding that the kirpan was a weapon and thus was not allowed under the code of conduct. The council of commissioners agreed with the latter decision, although they suggested a non-metal kirpan could be used. The Quebec Court of Appeal found in favour of the council of commissioners.
Decision
First, the majority of the Court, whose opinion was authored by Justice Louise Charron, denied that the case should be decided under the rules of administrative law, which required simple reasonableness. The majority believed this would limit the rights under the Charter. As Charron wrote, "The rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Canadian Charter establish a minimum constitutional protection that must be taken into account by the legislature and by every person or body subject to the Canadian Charter." The rule against weapons under administrative law was not the subject of this case. The real focus was how in practise the law banned the kirpan. The Court went on to note that the council of commissioners, which had banned the kirpan, was bound by the Charter. This was because the council was created by a statute and thus received its powers from a legislature. While the concurring justices Deschamps and Abella believed section 1 of the Charter could only be used on unconstitutional written laws, Charron wrote that section 1 can also be applied to delegated power. If the power is used according to the law, it is "prescribed by law" as required by section 1; Little Sisters Book and Art Emporium v. Canada (Minister of Justice) (2000) was an example of a case in which delegated power was not prescribed by law. Since the council acted according to the law, the Court could now look at the freedom of religion issue.
Freedom of religion
This raised the question of whether freedom of religion was an "absolute right" or had "internal limits" aside from the limits under section 1. Trinity Western University v. British Columbia College of Teachers (2001) was cited to suggest freedom of religion is limited by other values aside from under section 1, in this case the goals of order and security. The Supreme Court noted that since R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd. (1985), there had been recognition that freedom of religion should not be used to harm others, but section 1 was the ideal place for this consideration. In contrast, in the Trinity Western University case, the Court merely had to address a situation in which freedom of religion and equality rights might contradict each other. As this contradiction was prevented by the Supreme Court, section 1 was not used to harmonize the two rights. With these issues in mind, the Court turned to apply freedom of religion analysis to this case.
The decision followed precedent in Syndicat Northcrest v. Amselem (2004) that for a claim to freedom of religion to succeed, an individual should show they believe a practise is connected to a religious belief. Next, the infringement of freedom of religion should be serious. In this case, the carrying of the kirpan was deemed to be connected to religion because it was necessary according to Orthodox Sikhism. The same beliefs also dictated that the kirpan not be used to harm others. The claimant's belief that the kirpan must be metal was also considered sincere. While other Sikhs used non-metal kirpans, that was irrelevant to the beliefs of this individual. The Court then moved on to find the violation of freedom of religion was considerable. The claimant had to leave public school.
Reasonable limits
The Court then turned to consider whether the violation of freedom of religion could be upheld under section 1 of the Charter. Following R. v. Oakes (1986), the Court asked whether there was a sufficient objective for the violation. The main concern, as noted by the Quebec Court of Appeal, was school safety, which helps to maintain an atmosphere in which students can learn. The Supreme Court agreed that would qualify as an important objective under section 1. However, they then noted there were varying degrees of safety, with the highest degree of safety being excessive. The Court contemplated the highest degree of safety would require the banning of scissors and other such objects. Thus, safety in school is usually only supposed to be "reasonable." However, because the council wanted to rid the schools of weapons, the Court deemed the council's objective to be reasonable. This raised the question as to whether the rights infringement was rational and proportionate to the objective. The banning of the kirpan was considered rational because it was a weapon, and thus the banning fit the objective of ridding the school of weapons.
However, the banning of the kirpan was not proportionate to the objective. It was noted the claimant could not wear the kirpan at school at all, even though the claimant would have accepted limitations. The council had said that the kirpan could be stolen, or it could encourage other students to bring weapons to school. The Supreme Court replied the claimant himself was not violent, and the limitations accepted by the claimant made a theft unlikely. The thief would have to seize the claimant and look under the claimant's clothing. Additionally, there was little to no proof students have used kirpans as weapons in schools. Although cases involving airline security have resulted in the banning of kirpans on planes, the Court quoted the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal as saying whereas people know each other in a school, planes will always carry different people who never know each other. There is little opportunity to judge whether a passenger is violent. As for the argument that the kirpan could encourage other students to bring weapons to school, as defence against the kirpan, the Court replied this was speculative. Of relation to this concern was the worry that the school atmosphere would be negatively affected. The Court replied it was untrue that the kirpan represented violence, and that it had religious meanings instead. The Court also found this theory could be offensive to Sikhs and would thus contradict multiculturalism. If some students feel it is unfair that the claimant can wear a kirpan to school while they cannot carry knives, the Court suggested schools should teach these students the importance of freedom of religion.
It was noted that in Trinity Western University v. British Columbia College of Teachers, the Court had said schools should teach values and promote civic virtue. Allowing the kirpan would thus be beneficial in that it would teach students the importance of freedom of religion.
Concurrences
Deschamps and Abella
Justices Marie Deschamps and Rosalie Abella wrote a concurring opinion. While they agreed with Charron's decision to overturn the ban on the kirpan, they found that the proper way to do this was through the rules of administrative law. Constitutional law should be used primarily for statutes and regulations, and the tests used in constitutional law, such as the Oakes test, work best on these laws. Section 1 of the Charter indicates the Oakes test best applies to decisions "prescribed by law." Meanwhile, administrative law would work when dealing with what in this case was an administrative body. Following the Trinity Western University case and Chamberlain v. Surrey School District No. 36, Charron and Abella also felt a measure of deference was appropriate. There was also indication that the law meant for local authorities rather than courts to have a greater say in such matters. At any rate, Descamps and Abella found that "it is difficult to imagine a decision that would be considered reasonable or correct even though it conflicted with constitutional values." The ideal situation would be for administrative laws to apply Charter values rather than to have their decisions challenged as violations of the Charter.
Administrative law required reasonableness. The Quebec Court of Appeal found that kirpans could only be harmful, but Abella and Deschamps criticized this opinion for neglecting other evidence. Other objects commonly found at school can be used as weapons. Moreover, the Sikh student had accepted limits on the wearing of the kirpan. Thus, the decision was judged unreasonable.
LeBel
Another concurrence was written by Justice Louis LeBel. He noted the difficulty of using a section 1 analysis, in this case on administrative law. He wrote that the Canadian Charter and Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms do not always need to be used when administrative law provides an analytical framework. However, the Constitution of Canada inevitably has an impact in some cases. In this case freedom of religion was invoked, as well as security of person under section 7 of the Charter when it came to other students' safety.
To reconcile these conflicting rights, LeBel wrote that section 1 was not the only possible answer. He pointed to Young v. Young (1993) to support this proposition. In this situation, evaluating the ban on kirpans should be done through administrative law regarding the commission's authority to protect security of person, and then this evaluation should be judged in light of the Constitution. Before moving to section 1, the rights should be defined. In this case, LeBel found no evidence anyone's security of person was at risk. Turning to the Oakes test, he disregarded the requirement for a sufficient objective for rights violations since the governing statutes were not questioned. On the issue of proportionality, he felt the commission did not effectively prove its case.
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (McLachlin Court)
References
External links
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms case law
Canadian freedom of religion case law
Canadian administrative case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
2006 in Canadian case law
Sikhism in Canada
Ceremonial knives
Education in Canada
History of education in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multani%20v%20Commission%20scolaire%20Marguerite%E2%80%91Bourgeoys |
The 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship was the 15th edition of the FIFA World Youth Championship. It took place in the Netherlands between 10 June and 2 July 2005.
Venues
Qualification
The following 24 teams qualified for the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship. Host country the Netherlands did not have to qualify for the tournament.
1.Teams that made their debut.
Sponsorship
FIFA partners
Adidas
Coca-Cola
Toshiba
Fujifilm
MasterCard
McDonald's
T-Mobile
Yahoo
Hyundai
Philips
Avaya
National supporters
Hubo
Unive
FIFA.com
FIFA Fair Play
Match officials
Squads
For a list of all squads that played in the final tournament, see 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship squads.
Group stages
The 24 teams were split into six groups of four teams. Six group winners, six second-place finishers and the four best third-place finishers qualify for the knockout round.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Ranking of third-placed teams
Knockout stages
Bracket
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Third place play-off
Final
Winners
Goalscorers
6 goals
Lionel Messi
5 goals
Fernando Llorente
Oleksandr Aliev
4 goals
Graziano Pellè
David Silva
3 goals
Pablo Zabaleta
Chen Tao
Mouhcine Iajour
Chinedu Ogbuke
2 goals
Rafinha
Renato
José Pedro Fuenzalida
Ricardo Parada
Radamel Falcao
Fredy Guarín
Nicky Adler
Marvin Matip
Daniele Galloppa
Tarik Bendamou
Ryan Babel
Hedwiges Maduro
Taye Taiwo
Juanfran
Miquel Robusté
Gokhan Gulec
Sezer Öztürk
1 goal
Julio Barroso
Neri Cardozo
Gustavo Oberman
Ryan Townsend
Nick Ward
Abou Maiga
Razak Omotoyossi
Diego Tardelli
Edcarlos
Gladstone
Fábio Santos
Rafael Sobis
Marcel de Jong
Jaime Peters
Matías Fernández
Gonzalo Jara
Pedro Morales
Cui Peng
Hao Junmin
Gao Lin
Lu Lin
Tan Wangsong
Zhao Xuri
Zhou Haibin
Zhu Ting
Harrison Otálvaro
Wason Rentería
Hugo Rodallega
Christian Gentner
Alexander Huber
Michele Canini
Andrea Coda
Raffaele De Martino
Sota Hirayama
Shunsuke Maeda
Koki Mizuno
Abdessalam Benjelloun
Adil Chihi
Reda Doulyazal
Nabil El Zhar
Quincy Owusu-Abeyie
Ibrahim Afellay
Urby Emanuelson
Collins John
Rick Kruys
Ron Vlaar
David Abwo
Olubayo Adefemi
Isaac Promise
Mikel John Obi
John Owoeri
Jose Venegas
Baek Ji-hoon
Park Chu-young
Shin Young-rok
Jonathan Soriano
Francisco Molinero
Víctor
Alberto Zapater
Goran Antić
Johan Vonlanthen
Majed Al Haj
Mohamad Al Hamawi
Abdelrazaq Al Hussain
Maxym Feschuk
Dmytro Vorobei
Chad Barrett
Hunter Freeman
Jacob Peterson
Awards
Final ranking
External links
FIFA World Youth Championship Netherlands 2005 , FIFA.com
RSSSF > FIFA World Youth Championship > 2005
FIFA Technical Report
Fifa World Youth Championship, 2005
FIFA
FIFA World Youth Championship
International association football competitions hosted by the Netherlands
2004–05 in Dutch football
FIFA World Youth Championship
FIFA World Youth Championship | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20FIFA%20World%20Youth%20Championship |
AVOmeter is a British trademark for a line of multimeters and electrical measuring instruments; the brand is now owned by the Megger Group Limited. The first Avometer was made by the Automatic Coil Winder and Electrical Equipment Co. in 1923, and measured direct voltage, direct current and resistance. Possibly the best known multimeter of the range was the Model 8, which was produced in various versions from May 1951 until 2008; the last version was the Mark 7.
The multimeter is often called simply an AVO, because the company logo carries the first letters of 'amps', 'volts' and 'ohms'. The design concept is due to the Post Office engineer Donald Macadie, who at the time of the introduction of the original AVOmeter in 1923 was a senior officer in the Post Office Factories Department in London.
Technical features
The original AVOmeter was designed to measure direct current (3 ranges, 0.12, 1.2 & 12 A), direct voltage (3 ranges, 12, 120 & 600 V) and resistance (single range, 0 - 10,000 ohms, 225 ohms mid-scale). All ranges could be selected by a single rotary switch which set both the function and the range value. A second switch brought a rheostat into circuit in series with the instrument and could be used to control the current through a device under test and the meter. The movement drew 12 mA for full-scale deflection and used a "universal shunt" permanently in parallel with the movement which increased the input terminal full-scale current to 16.6 mA, corresponding to 60 ohms per volt. It had a knife edge pointer and an anti-parallax mirror.
Additional patents were taken out in Czechoslovakia (1923), Austria, France, Germany, and Switzerland (1924). A US patent followed in 1926
The case of the original AVOmeter was a comb-jointed oak box with an ebonite lower front panel. The upper part of the front panel was cast aluminium.
After around three years production, the volume of sales was sufficient to justify a redesign of the instrument, now with a movement whose full-scale current was 6 mA. The redesigned meter had 13 ranges and was constructed on a one piece phenolic moulding with the characteristic "kidney" shaped window. The back case was a deep drawn aluminium can on the back of which was a summary of the operating instructions, a feature of all future AVOmeters. The movement was originally protected by a short length of wire, selected to act as a fuse, soldered to supports on the back of the movement. Later versions had a calibrated, screw-in, fuse on the front panel.
After copper oxide instrument rectifiers became available in the late 1920s, a 20-range "Universal" version of the AVOmeter was introduced in 1931 having both direct and alternating voltage current ranges. Unlike many similar multimeter designs, all Universal AVOmeters, with the exception of the short-lived "High Resistance (HR) AVOmeter" (c. 1948 - 1951), could measure up to either 10 A or 12 A (AC) depending on the model.
From 1933, the number of available voltage and current ranges in Universal AVOmeters was doubled by incorporating a dual sensitivity movement circuit. The higher sensitivity was selected by a push button switch marked ÷2 (Divide by two) signifying that the pointer indication should be halved. For the Model 8, this feature was not used but the push button was retained for reversing the direction of deflection of the moving coil.
A design feature of AVOmeters was simplicity of use and towards this end, all measurements could generally be made using only two input terminals. However, the AVOmeter HR had additional 2500 V (AC) and (DC) ranges which used the corresponding 1000 V ranges, and were connected through two additional terminals at the top corners of the front panel. This feature was continued in the Model 8 and, with an increase to 3000 V to match their 1 - 3 - 10 ranges sequence, in the Model 9, Marks II and IV and the Model 8 Mark V. The 3000 V ranges were deleted in the Model 8 Marks 6 and 7 due to concerns for compliance with contemporary safety standards. This also led to a significant cost saving by eliminating the high voltage multiplier resistors.
As an ohmmeter the Model 8 Mark II measures from 1 Ω up to 20 MΩ in three ranges. The instrument has an accuracy of ±1% of FSD on DC current ranges, ±2% of FSD on DC voltage ranges, ±2.25% of FSD on all AC ranges and ±5% of reading (at centre scale only) on resistance ranges. Its maximum current draw of 50 μA at full-scale deflection (corresponding to 20,000 ohms per volt) is sufficient in most cases to reduce voltage measurement error due to circuit loading by the meter to an acceptable level.
The AVOmeter design incorporates an electrical interlock which prevents AC & DC ranges being selected simultaneously. For example, none of the DC ranges, current or voltage, can be connected unless the AC switch is set to its "DC" position. On a Model 8, this is the position with the AC switch arrow vertical. Similarly, to use the AC ranges, the DC switch must be set to its "AC" position.
With the DC switch set to its "AC" position and the AC switch set to "DC", no current can flow through the instrument. However whenever any moving coil instrument is likely to be subjected to heavy shock in transit, it is good practice to damp the movement by short circuiting the moving coil using a heavy gauge wire connected across the terminals. On earlier Avometers, this may be done by short-circuiting the input terminals and selecting the most sensitive direct current range. The Model 8 Mark V, 6 & 7 were provided with an "OFF" position on the DC switch which both disconnected the meter's terminals and short-circuited the moving coil.
AVOmeters designed from 1936 onwards were fitted with an overload cut-out operated by the moving coil frame hitting either forward or reverse sprung end stops. The Model 7 was the first type to use the end stop cut-out and it also featured an acceleration trip which, in the event of heavy overloads, could open the cut-out before the pointer had reached two-thirds of full scale. The acceleration cut-out was not however used in the Model 8. From the Mark III version, the Model 8 had further protection by a fuse on its resistance ranges and fuse protection was provided on all ranges of the Model 8 Marks 6 & 7.
AVO multimeters were almost ubiquitous in British manufacturing and service industry, research and development and higher and further education. They were also widely used by utilities, government agencies and the British armed forces. A number of special versions were produced to British Admiralty and Air Ministry specifications and for other customers. The Model 8 Marks V, 6 & 7 were designed to meet a NATO specification and were standard issue to NATO services. Many commercial and military service manuals specified that values for measurements of current or voltage had been made with a Model 7 or Model 8 AVOmeter. Advertisements of the late 1930s compared the utility of the AVOmeter to the slide rule. Even nowadays it can still be found in regular use.
The earlier versions of models 7, 8 and 9 had a design flaw which resulted in many instruments sustaining damage to the movement in transit. Users would habitually 'switch off' the instrument by setting the AC switch to 'DC' and the DC switch to 'AC'. With the switches at these settings, the movement is completely undamped. The operating manuals for the affected instruments did contain a note that they should not be switched to 'AC' and 'DC' (or the blank position either side of the 'AC' and 'DC') though failed to explain why. The problem was solved on later instruments by providing the DC switch with an 'OFF' position (see illustration above).
Present times
Despite continuing demand from customers, production was stopped in 2008, reportedly due to increasing problems with suppliers of mechanical parts. The last meter to leave the factory was an AVOmeter Eight Mk 7 (Serial Number 6110-610/081208/5166) which was presented in February 2010 to the winner of a competition run by the Megger company.
Principal models
General purpose multimeters
"The AVOmeter" - 1923 to 1928 7 ranges direct current, direct voltage and resistance
(DC) AVOmeter - 1928 to 1939, Originally 13 ranges, later extended to 22 ranges through use of "divide by two" push button switch
Universal AVOmeter - 1931 to 1939, originally 20 ranges, later extended 34 and 36 ranges through use of "divide by two" push button switch, replaced by Model 40
Universal AVOmeter Model 40 1939 to c. 1986. A development of the 36-range Universal AVOmeter incorporating automatic cut-out and internal construction similar to the Model 7 (Basic ranges to 12 A and 1200 V, the former extendable with accessory current shunts). 167 ohms/volt.
"High Sensitivity" meters principally for Radio and Electronics
Universal AVOmeter 50-range Later known as Model 7 (1936 to c. 1986): A "High Sensitivity" multimeter for radio servicing. (Basic ranges to 10 A and 1000 V, the former extendable with accessory current shunts. A power factor and wattage unit was also available). 500 ohms/volt with divide by two button in normal position, 1000 ohms per volt with divide by two button pressed.
AVOmeter model 8: May 1951 to November 2008 (7 'Marks') (Basic ranges to 10 A and 1000, 2500 or 3000 V depending on Mk.). 20,000 ohms/volt DC, 1000 ohms/volt AC.
AVOmeter model 9: Essentially similar to model 8 but with international symbols rather than letter markings for the DC and AC switches (Basic ranges to 10 A and 3000 V). 20,000 ohms/volt DC, 1000 ohms/volt AC.
(The features of the Models 8 and 9 were combined from the Model 8 Mark V of 1972, when the Model 9 was discontinued).
Special Purpose Multimeters
AVOmeter model 12: Designed for automotive use. (Ranges 3.6 A & 36 A, 9 V, 18 V & 36 V DC, current ranges extendable with accessory shunts), 9 V, 18 V, 90 V & 360 V (AC).
Heavy Duty AVOmeter: A smaller rugged multimeter with a single selector switch. Originally designed at the request of the Great Western Railway for railway signalling purposes but first supplied after the GWR became the Western Region of British Railways in 1948. Later also sold with alternative ranges for the commercial market. (Basic ranges to 10 A and 1000 V).
"Minor" Models
AVOminor (1935 to 1952) - A small instrument with direct current, direct voltage and resistance ranges only. Ranges selected by plugging leads into required socket.
Universal AVOminor (1936 to 1952) - A small instrument with AC & DC ranges selected by plugging leads into required socket.
AVO Multiminor: Replacement for earlier 'Minor' AVOmeters. All ranges and functions selected by a single rotary switch. No automatic protection. A smaller version similar in size to small portable test meters. (Basic ranges to 1 A, DC only and 1000 V, both extendable with external multiplier and shunts). 10,000 ohms/volt DC, 1000 ohms/volt AC.
Clamp meter: Principally for higher currents (Ranges 300 A, 600 A, 1200 A, 150 V, 300 V & 600 V all AC only). Sensitivity unknown.
All current and voltage ranges for above are both AC and DC unless otherwise stated.
Other products
The company manufactured geiger counters for civil defence use during the 1950s and 60s.
The Automatic Coil Winder & Electrical Equipment Co. Ltd. made many other types of instruments, including a line of valve (vacuum tube) testers.
References
External links
Model 7 Avometer
Model 8 Avometer
Electronic test equipment
Electrical test equipment | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avometer |
Girne District () is one of six districts of Northern Cyprus. It is divided between two sub-districts: Girne Sub-district and the Çamlıbel Sub-district. Its capital is Kyrenia, also known by its Turkish name, as Girne. Its population was 73,577 in the 2011 census. Its Governor is Mehmet Envergil. It has the same boundaries as the Kyrenia District of Cyprus, a distinct political entity and local government-in-exile which claims the same territory. Girne District is the only district of the Cyprus that is fully taken by Northern Cyprus.
See also
Districts of Cyprus
Districts of Northern Cyprus
Kyrenia District, the Cyprus political unit which claims the same physical territory
References
Districts of Northern Cyprus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girne%20District |
Yahya Michot (born Jean Michot) is a Belgian Muslim who is a professor of Islamic studies.
Background
Yahyah Michot was the president of the Higher Council of Muslims in Belgium from 1995 to 1998.
Yahyah Michot teaches at the Hartford Seminary, Connecticut as a professor of Islamic Studies and Christian-Muslim Relations. He is also the current editor of the journal "The Muslim World" edited by the Seminary.
Controversy
In 1997, under the pseudonym of Nasreddin Lebatelier, he published Le Statut des Moines from Lebanon.
This pamphlet included a translation of a short work by the famed 13th-14th century Muslim scholar Ibn Taymiyya, called On the Statute of Monks, which is read by some as a call for the killing of Christian monks if they are found outside their monasteries in a Muslim country. Lebatelier's introduction referred to the Algerian Armed Islamic Group's (GIA) killing of seven Trappist monks in Tibhirine in 1996. He analysed not only the GIA's justification for the killings but also the Muslim community's consensus (ijmâ') which condemned these assassinations, and explained the religious authoritativeness of such a consensus. He was nevertheless accused of having condoned the killing of the seven Trappists by Catholic authorities and media, notably by Marcel Crochet, the Rector of the Catholic University of Louvain where he was employed (June 26, 1997).
Michot negotiated his departure from the University of Louvain, which paid him a financial indemnity, including 50% of his lawyer's fees. Once appointed as the first Muslim lecturer of Islamic theology in Oxford, Michot faced renewed Catholic hostility, notably in various articles by Margaret Hebblethwaite in The Tablet (22 and 29 August 1998; 12 September 1998) and in an interview of the same activist on BBC 4, Sunday program (27 September 1998). Oxford nevertheless confirmed his appointment (Oxford University Gazette, 23 September 1999).
In England, Michot issued a statement which made clear that he had "never developed any kind of apology for murder" in his writings or statements. He "completely endorsed the condemnation of the GIA by the consensus of the Muslim community" and had always considered that "these killings were a particularly tragic event in Islamo−Christian relations".
However, in 2010, Michot, agreed with that the misprint of the Mardin fatwa resulted him that resulted him writing an erroneous analysis in Le Statut des Moines, and distanced himself from condoning any killings by jihadist groups. A Jesuit specialist of Ibn Taymiyya wrote to Michot in January 1999, "Your book is certainly not advocating murder, as I had been led to believe before I read it. I see your point, the case of the killing of the monks does present legal questions which are important for Muslims to address."
Works
IBN SÎNÂ. Lettre au vizir Abû Sa'd", 2000;
"AVICENNE. Réfutation de l'astrologie" , 2000;
Ibn Taymiyya: Muslims under non-Muslim Rule (2006),
Ahmad al-Aqhisârî: Against Smoking. An Ottoman Manifesto,2010;
Musulmans en Europe, (2002).
See also
Le Statut des Moines
References
External links
Ibn Taymiyya. Le statut des moines. Yahya Michot.
.
Islam y Monaquismo
L’affaire Le Batelier. Philippe Van Parijs.
Jihad from Qur'an to Bin Laden. Richard Bonney, p. 122.
Belgian writers in French
Converts to Islam
21st-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Belgian Muslims
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahyah%20Michot |
Jumaat Haji Adam (born 1956) is a botanist and taxonomist specialising in the carnivorous pitcher plant genus Nepenthes.
Adam has described numerous Nepenthes taxa, mostly with C. C. Wilcock, including the species N. faizaliana and N. mapuluensis, as well as the natural hybrids N. × alisaputrana, N. × sarawakiensis, and N. × sharifah-hapsahii.
References
1956 births
Living people
20th-century botanists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumaat%20Haji%20Adam |
Christopher C. Wilcock (born 1946) is a taxonomist specialising in the carnivorous pitcher plant genus Nepenthes.
Together with J. H. Adam, Wilcock has described several Nepenthes taxa, including the species N. faizaliana and N. mapuluensis, as well as the natural hybrids N. × alisaputrana and N. × sarawakiensis.
References
British taxonomists
1946 births
Living people
21st-century American botanists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20C.%20Wilcock |
Physical effect may refer to:
Physical effect or phenomenon, any thing which manifests itself
Physical effect, a consequence of causality (physics)
Physical effect, a therapeutic effect or adverse effect of medical treatment on the body
Physical effect or practical effect, a special effect achieved during filming rather than in post-production
See also
List of effects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20effect |
A midnight ramble was a segregation-era midnight showing of films for an African American audience, often in a cinema where, under Jim Crow laws they would never have been admitted at other times. The films shown were often from among the over 500 films that were made between 1910 and 1950 in the United States with black producers, writers, actors and directors. Film archivist Pearl Bowser said these films "were important to Black audiences because it provided them with images of themselves that they didn't see in the regular cinema".
Oscar Micheauxs films were popular, and they starred all Black casts and were produced by Black filmmakers. He was the first director to make feature length films, many of which explored subjects that were considered "taboo" at the time, like; alcoholism, crime, class conflict, interracial relationships, racism and lynchings.
See also
Oscar Micheaux's filmography
Race films
Notes
African-American cinema
Film and video terminology
Race films
Film genres particular to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight%20ramble |
The Java Research License (JRL) is a software distribution license created by Sun in an effort to simplify and relax the terms from the "research section" of the Sun Community Source License. Sun's J2SE 1.6.0, Mustang, is licensed under the JRL as well as many projects at Java.net.
The JRL was introduced in 2003 to try to "make things a lot more friendly to people doing academic research" into the Java language, before the core of Java was made open source in 2006.
Although the JRL has elements of an open source license, the terms forbid any commercial use and are thus incompatible with both the Free Software Definition and the Open Source Definition. The JRL is a research license to be used for non-commercial academic uses.
See also
Sun Microsystems
OpenJDK
References
External links
(archived)
Software licenses
Sun Microsystems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20Research%20License |
The Pindos () is breed of pony or small horse native to the Pindus mountain range in Thessaly and Epirus in Greece. It is also present in mountainous parts of Thrace and Macedonia. There is a feral herd near Neochori, Karditsa, close to Lake Plastiras.
The Pindos is hardy and frugal, with good stamina, and is used for riding, driving, and as a pack and draught animal for forestry and farming. The hooves are boxy and narrow but strong, so shoeing is not often needed. It is smaller and shorter than the Thessalian, with an average height at the withers of about .
In 2002 the recorded population consisted of 464 breeding mares and 81 stallions.
See also
List of horse breeds
Axios horse
References
Further reading
Pindos
Horse breeds originating in Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindos%20Pony |
"X-Tinction Agenda" is a 1990 crossover comic book storyline published by Marvel Comics that ran through Uncanny X-Men and its spin-off titles, X-Factor and New Mutants. "X-Tinction Agenda" not only reunited the X-Men after a prolonged period in which the team had been scattered around the globe (following the events of Uncanny X-Men #246-251), but featured the combined might of the three mutant teams for the first time, in their fight against the mutant-exploiting Genoshan government.
Plot
Genoshan magistrates, backed by the cyborg Cameron Hodge, and including an amnesiac Havok (a member of the X-Men), attack the X-Mansion and kidnap Storm and the New Mutants Warlock, Boom Boom, Rictor, and Wolfsbane. After expending his energy on freeing the others from their cell, Warlock is taken to have his power transferred to Hodge. Wolfsbane returns to rescue him, but instead unintentionally causes the transfer to go awry, killing Warlock. Wolfsbane is brainwashed, turned into one of Genosha's mindless mutate slaves, which form the backbone of the Genoshan economy and lifestyle. The remaining New Mutants and the X-Men recruit X-Factor and head to Genosha to save their teammates, only to be ambushed by Havok and the Genoshan magistrates. As Cyclops unsuccessfully attempts to jog Havok's memory, the Genoshans meet a humiliating defeat.
Wolverine, Psylocke, and Jubilee rescue Rictor and Boom-Boom from Genoshan magistrates. After entrusting Rictor and Boom Boom to the care of Jubilee, Psylocke and Wolverine put on the magistrates' uniforms to enter Hammer Bay. Havok, seeing someone else is wearing his lover's uniform, attacks his former teammates. Psylocke incapacitates Havok, but Hodge takes her and Wolverine prisoner. Meanwhile, Storm attempts to kill Genoshan engineer David Moreau, but is captured by Hodge and turned into a mutate slave. Jean, Cable, Gambit, Sunspot, and Forge place bombs throughout the outer levels of the capitol building, the Citadel, but are captured after the magistrate Wipeout blocks their powers. The remaining heroes set a trap at their hideout and attack the Citadel, but are defeated. Wanting payback for his earlier humiliation, Havok confronts Cyclops personally. This time Cyclops succeeds in making Havok remember who he is. However, deciding his only chance of helping is as an inside man, Havok tranquilizes Cyclops and turns him over to Hodge.
The X-Men, X-Factor, and New Mutants are put on trial, but when Wolverine attempts to kill the judge, he turns them over to Hodge to do with as he will. Pretending to be traumatized by Hodge's brutalities, Psylocke submits herself to the mutate process. She then escapes while being taken to Moreau. Once the others are left alone, Gambit uses a dart Hodge fired into his leg to pick their locks. Thinking the mutants are all safely captured, Hodge initiates his plan to betray Genosha, killing a number of magistrates, including Wipeout. The Chief Magistrate turns to the mutant teams for help against Hodge, using Storm's electrical power to restore their powers. The process inexplicably also undoes Storm's brainwashing and restores her to adulthood.
Jubilee, Rictor, and Boom-Boom stumble upon Moreau, who is taking his own steps to counter Hodge's treachery. He takes them to the Citadel. There, they are reunited with their teammates. Moreau directs Wolfsbane to change into wolf form; only by remaining in this form can she be free of her brainwashing. Moreau shoots Hodge point blank with a prototype weapon, but Hodge kills him before he can finish him off. The mutant teams hunt Hodge throughout the Citadel, with Cyclops and Havok finally destroying his body. Hodge's severed head still lives on due to the immortality bestowed on him by N'Astirh, so Rictor brings down the Citadel, burying him alive. Days later, Havok and Wolfsbane decide to stay in Genosha to help settle tensions between humans and mutants in the country. The mutant heroes return home and hold a funeral for Warlock. Per Wolfsbane's wishes, they spread his ashes over the grave of their teammate Cypher.
Impact
Published during the comic book speculator boom, the involvement of Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld caused the issues of the crossover to sell for $10–20 on the secondary market when the books were first published, though the issues have since gone down in value.
The storyline also had several lasting effects on the various titles.
The loss of longtime New Mutants members Wolfsbane, Rictor and Warlock would begin the book's transition to X-Force.
The various X-Men in the story (Storm, Wolverine, Banshee, Forge, Psylocke, Jubilee, Gambit) would form the first official X-Men roster since the Australia-based team disbanded.
The mutate process would psychically bind Wolfsbane to Havok - a plot thread that would be picked up after both joined X-Factor.
Secret Wars (2015)
The Secret Wars storyline features a new "X-Tinction Agenda" miniseries that is part of the event. It takes place on the Battleworld domain of X-Topia.
Chronological reading order
The Uncanny X-Men #270 (November 1990)
The New Mutants #95 (November 1990)
X-Factor #60 (November 1990)
The Uncanny X-Men #271 (December 1990)
The New Mutants #96 (December 1990)
X-Factor #61 (December 1990)
The Uncanny X-Men #272 (January 1991)
The New Mutants #97 (January 1991)
X-Factor #62 (January 1991)
Collected editions
The storyline has been collected into a trade paperback:
X-Men: X-Tinction Agenda (224 pages, September 17, 2001, )
Collects The Uncanny X-Men #270-272; The New Mutants (1983) #95-97; X-Factor (1986) #60-62
X-Men: X-Tinction Agenda (328 pages, September 6, 2016, )
Collects The Uncanny X-Men #235-238, #270-272; The New Mutants (1983) #95-97; X-Factor (1986) #60-62
It has also been collected into a hardcover:
X-Men: X-Tinction Agenda (304 pages, August 10, 2011, )
Collects The Uncanny X-Men #235-238, #270-272; The New Mutants (1983) #95-97; X-Factor (1986) #60-62
Comics by Chris Claremont
Comics by Jim Lee
Comics by Louise Simonson
New Mutants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Tinction%20Agenda |
The EMD 567 is a line of large medium-speed diesel engines built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division. This engine, which succeeded Winton's 201A, was used in EMD's locomotives from 1938 until its replacement in 1966 by the EMD 645. It has a bore of , a stroke of and a displacement of per cylinder. Like the Winton 201A, the EMD 645 and the EMD 710, the EMD 567 is a two-stroke engine.
GE now makes EMD-compatible replacement parts.
History
Eugene W. Kettering, son of Charles F. Kettering, joined Winton Engine in 1930. He moved to Detroit in 1936, and was a central figure in the development of the 567 and the Detroit Diesel 6-71. He moved to EMD in 1938, became chief engineer at EMD in 1948, then division director in 1956 and subsequently research assistant to the general manager in 1958 until his retirement in 1960. The 567 was released in 1938.
In 1951, Eugene Kettering presented a paper to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers entitled History and Development of the 567 Series General Motors Locomotive Engine, which goes into great detail about the technical obstacles that were encountered during the development of the 567 engine (these same considerations apply to the 645 and 710). The 567's designers started with a tabula rasa, systematically eliminating each of the 201A's many deficiencies which were preventing the earlier design from becoming successful in freight service, although the 201A was relatively successful in the less-demanding passenger and switching services. The 567 design had nothing in common with the 201A except the two-stroke cycle itself: each and every component of the 201A was replaced with a new design, even the "dipstick", to paraphrase one of Kettering's off-handed comments. The 567 proved to be exceptionally successful in passenger, switching, freight, marine and stationary services, and, counting its two successors, the 645 and 710, which are not materially different from the 567 (all have the same external dimensions, differing mainly in per cylinder displacement), collectively have given nearly 80 years of exceptionally reliable service to those applications. As but one example of the achievements of the tabula rasa design: whereas the Winton 201A was doing very well with a piston lifetime, the 567 immediately achieved a piston lifetime, and in at least one case, reached a piston lifetime, a 10:1 to 20:1 improvement.
Specification
All 567 engines are two-stroke V-engines with an angle of 45° between cylinder banks. The 201A was 60° between cylinder banks; 45° later proved to be significant when EMD subsequently adapted the road switcher concept for most of its locomotives, and which required the narrower (albeit taller) engine which 45° provides. The 710, 645, and 567 are the only two-stroke engines commonly used today in locomotives.
The engine is a uniflow design with four poppet-type exhaust valves in the cylinder head. For maintenance, a power assembly, consisting of a cylinder head, cylinder liner, piston, piston carrier, and piston rod, can be individually and relatively easily and quickly replaced. The block is made from flat, formed and rolled structural steel members and steel forgings welded into a single structure (a "weldment"). Blocks may, therefore, be easily repaired, if required, using conventional shop tools. Each bank of cylinders has an overhead camshaft which operates the exhaust valves and the unit injectors.
The 567 is laid out with engine accessories (oil and water pumps and governors) at the "forward" end and the power take off at the "rear" end. The blowers and camshafts are at the "rear" end of the engine, with the blowers mounted above the power take off.
All engines have mechanically-controlled unit injectors (patented in 1934 by General Motors, EMD's former owner).
All 567 engines utilize forced induction, with either a Roots blower or a turbocharger. The turbocharger (a combination turbo-compressor system) follows EMD's innovative design that uses a gear train and over-running clutch to drive the compressor rotor during low engine speed, when exhaust gas temperature (and, correspondingly, heat energy) alone is insufficient to drive the turbine. At higher engine speeds, increased exhaust gas temperature is sufficient to drive the turbine and the clutch disengages, turning the turbo-compressor system into a true turbocharger. The turbo-compressor can revert to compressor mode momentarily during demands for large increases in engine output power. While more expensive to maintain than Roots blowers, the turbocharger significantly reduces fuel consumption and emissions, while improving high-altitude performance. Additionally, EMD's turbo-compressor can provide a 50 percent increase in maximum rated horsepower over Roots-blown engines for the same engine displacement.
Output for naturally aspirated engines (including Roots-blown two-stroke engines) is usually derated 2.5 percent per above mean sea level. Turbocharging effectively eliminates this derating.
Modifications
567AC engines (an "A" block upgraded to "C" block specifications) and 567BC engines (a "B" block upgraded to "C" block specifications), both of which modifications eliminate the engine's "water deck" and substitute a "water manifold", as well as 567C and 567D engines, may be upgraded to use 645 power assemblies, theoretically achieving an increase in horsepower, but not without corresponding changes to the engine's Woodward governor which activates and controls the engine's "fuel rack". Although this power increase is not recommended, horsepower-for-horsepower updates (e.g., 567D to "645D"—645 power assemblies in a 567 block) are quite successful and common.
As 645 power assemblies are more readily available than 567 power assemblies, this upgrade may also be employed in so-called "life extension" programs, in which case the power assemblies would be upgraded, and the engine may be de-turbo-ed, without corresponding changes to the engine's Woodward governor, hence without a corresponding power increase.
Because of their age, 567 engines are generally exempt from emissions rules. EMD manufactures a special series of 645 power assemblies which are particularly useful in updating these exempt 567 engines and also certain exempt 645 engines.
Versions
Numerous early improvements were aimed at increasing reliability and life, including a switch from the "U" shaped top (exhaust) well to a "V" shaped top well. This eliminated the cast top deck, which had been the source of some early-life failures, in favor of a top deck fabricated from plate steel. The 567 gave way to the 567A in 1941, which incorporated further top deck improvements and camshaft gear train changes. The 567B followed in 1946 with minor improvements. The 567C was released to further improve reliability and manufacturability. Visually, the 567C may be distinguished from earlier models by the presence of round (instead of square) handholes.
The cost of a 16-567 in 1941 was US$24,000, and a 16-567B in 1951 was US$32,905.
Stationary/marine versions
Like most EMD engines, the 567 was also sold for stationary and marine applications.
Stationary and marine installations were available with either a left or right-hand rotating engine.
Marine engines differ from railroad and stationary engines mainly in the shape and depth of the engine's oil sump, which was altered to accommodate the rolling and pitching motions encountered in marine applications.
567 locomotive models
An EMD locomotive catalog, contemporary with the 567, lists the following models:
Most 567C locomotive models used D37B traction motors until mid 1959 when the D47B traction motor was used in production locomotives. Very early 567C locomotives from 1953 used the D27B traction motor.
567C and 567D engine maintenance
These two models are by far the most maintainable, with many 645 service parts being rather easily fitted to C and D engines.
The 567D's turbocharger is perhaps the least maintainable part of such an engine, and the 567D turbo has many more maintenance issues than 645E and later turbos. A common choice is conversion of a 567D turbo engine to Roots-blown, thereby abandoning the turbo and its many issues. Installation of 645 power assemblies will still allow Roots-converted 4-axle locomotives (GP20s) to produce , as does a Roots-blown 16-645E, thereby becoming the functional equivalent of a GP38, although with older electrical equipment and controls, and, of course, the older carbody.
Many EMD locomotives with C and D engines are still operating, particularly as their relatively light weight (about ) is of significant benefit to shortline and industrial operators.
See also
EMD 645
EMD 710
EMD 1010
Notes
References
Bibliography
Service Department (1954?). The Complete Line of General Motors Diesel Locomotives. La Grange, IL: Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation
External links
Diesel locomotive engines
Marine diesel engines
Two-stroke diesel engines
V6 engines
V8 engines
V12 engines
V16 engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMD%20567 |
The Cirque de Gavarnie () is a cirque in the central Pyrenees, in Southwestern France, close to the border of Spain. It is within the commune of Gavarnie, the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, and the Pyrénées National Park. Major features of the cirque are La Brèche de Roland (English: Roland's Pass) and the Gavarnie Falls. It was described by Victor Hugo as "the Colosseum of nature" due to its enormous size and horseshoe shape resembling an ancient amphitheatre. The cirque was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1997 as part of the Pyrénées – Mont Perdu World Heritage Site.
The cirque is 800 m wide (on the deepest point) and about 3,000 m wide at the top. The rock walls that surround it are up to above the floor of the Cirque.
During the warmer seasons of spring, summer and fall, there are a number of large meltwater falls that spill into the cirque. The largest of these is Gavarnie Falls, the second-highest waterfall in Europe. It descends some over a series of steps before reaching the floor of the cirque.
There are also several passes and clefts between the peaks that form the rim of the Cirque. The largest is La Brèche de Roland, at above sea level. According to legend, its sheer walls were cut into the mountain by the sword of the hero Roland, nephew to Charlemagne.
The cirque, and many others like it in the Pyrenees, was formed by the process of glacial erosion. The Cirque de Gavarnie's uniquely immense size was likely caused by repeated cycles of glacial scraping over millions of years.
A number of rare plants and animals live on the peaks at the upper rim of the Cirque de Gavarnie, protected on both the French and the Spanish sides by national parks. Martagon lilies grow in the pine forests. Saxifraga and other tiny alpine flowers cling to the rock faces. Chamois, a type of mammal similar to goats or antelope, live among the crags.
Panoramas
See also
Cirque d'Estaubé
Pic de Marboré
References
External links
Natura 2000 map
Gavarnie panoramas
Landforms of Hautes-Pyrénées
Pyrenees
Gavarnie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirque%20de%20Gavarnie |
Crossed Out was a powerviolence band from Encinitas, California. The band was active from early 1990 until late 1993. The group is considered to be a very important band that helped define powerviolence with a style that incorporated political lyrics, blast beats, and quick tempos. They have been named as the "dark lords of powerviolence" by Beau Beasley of Insect Warfare.
History
Crossed Out played sixteen shows and released a demo, 7-inch, split 7-inch with Man Is the Bastard, split 5" with Dropdead, and two songs for the Son of Blleeaauurrggh compilation. Many bands, such as The Locust, Dropdead, Su19b, Slices, and Iron Lung, have covered songs originally performed by Crossed Out.
In 1991, Spazz bassist and vocalist Chris Dodge, who also ran Slap-a-Ham Records, asked the band to send him a demo. Five months after that recording, in the fall of 1991, their seven song self-titled 7-inch was released, including a firing squad cover photo. In 1992, the band recorded a live radio show on KSPC, a split 5" with Dropdead, a contribution to Slap-a-ham's Son of Blleeaauurrggh compilation 7-inch, and a split 7-inch with Man is the Bastard. By 1993, Crossed Out, along with Man is the Bastard, No Comment and Capitalist Casualties, played 924 Gilman Street's first power violence-only show, the Fiesta Grande. After the departure of original bassist Rich Hart, Eric Wood - bassist and vocalist of Man is the Bastard - volunteered to play bass; he remained with the group until their break up. The summer that followed, Dropdead toured the U.S with the release of their split 5", playing two shows with Crossed Out. An August 1993 show with Spazz, Anal Cunt, and Dropdead, titled "Grindcore Night", on a flyer at Gilman St., led to the vocalist's comment "Fuck grindcore". "Fuck Grindcore" later became a bootleg 10-inch of their self-titled record. The group broke up in late 1993.
Members
Tad Miller – drums (1990-1993)
Scot Golia – guitars (1990-1993)
Rich Hart – bass (1990-1993)
Eric Wood – bass (1993)
Dallas Van Kempen – vocals (1990-1993)
Discography
EPs
Demo '91 (1991, Self-released)
Crossed Out 7-inch EP (1992, Slap-A-Ham)
Crossed Out/Dropdead split 5" with Dropdead (1992, Crust/Selfless/Rhetoric)
Crossed Out/Man Is the Bastard split 7-inch with Man Is the Bastard (1993, Slap-A-Ham)
Compilation Albums
1990-1993 discography CD/LP (1999, Slap-A-Ham)
Compilation Appearances
Son of Blleeaauurrggh 7-inch (1993, Slap-A-Ham)
Unofficial Albums
Live 10-inch (1996, Noize For The Masses Records)
Fuck Grindcore 10-inch (1998)
References
Hardcore punk groups from California
Powerviolence groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossed%20Out |
Tommy Joe Hudspeth (September 14, 1931 – June 23, 2015) was an American and Canadian football coach and executive at both the collegiate and professional levels. He was the head coach at Brigham Young University (BYU) from 1964 to 1971, and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) from 1972 through 1973, compiling an overall college football record of 40–56–1. Hudspeth served in the same capacity for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1976 until 1977, and Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in 1981, posting a mark of 13–17.
Career
Early positions
Hudspeth graduated from the University of Tulsa in 1953 after completing his playing career at the school. He moved into the coaching ranks that fall as an assistant coach at Norman High School in Oklahoma, then served the next two years in the military. Upon his release, he accepted an assistant position at Tulsa Central High School in 1956. Returning to his alma mater the following year, Hudspeth served as an assistant for the next four years, then moved up north to the Canadian Football League (CFL), working in a similar capacity with the Calgary Stampeders from 1961 to 1963.
BYU
In 1964, Hudspeth became a head coach for the first time, taking over the Brigham Young Cougars struggling football program. Husdspeth recruited a number of ex-Marines to play for the Cougars in his first couple of seasons and BYU saw a dramatic rise in its football fortunes. In his second season 1965 BYU won its first Western Athletic Conference (WAC) championship and posted a 6–4 record. Hudspeth led the Cougars to an 8–2 mark in 1966 and had two more winning seasons in 1967 and 1969. Over an eight-year span, he compiled a record of 39–42–1. Hudspeth is credited with recruiting the program's first black player, Ronnie Knight, in 1970, following pressure from the LDS leadership and the "Black 14" Incident with Wyoming the previous year. On January 22, 1972, Hudspeth resigned and was replaced by one of his assistant coaches, LaVell Edwards. Edwards built BYU into a national power by the end of the decade and later led the school to its first and only football national championship in 1984.
"I can't take any credit for what LaVell did at BYU", Hudspeth said. "LaVell was a brilliant coach. When we worked together back in the 1960s, LaVell already had a great understanding of what to do on offense. I recommended him when I left to take the job at UTEP, but everyone knew what a smart young coach he was."
UTEP
Hudspeth accepted a job as offensive coordinator at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) shortly after leaving BYU. He became interim head coach on October 22, 1972, when head coach Bobby Dobbs resigned following a 56–7 loss. Hudspeth closed out the year 1–3, but followed up with a disastrous 0–11 record the next year. He was subsequently fired from UTEP.
Pro ranks
The advent of the new World Football League (WFL) in 1974 provided a new job opportunity for Hudspeth. He was hired as an offensive backs coach for the Chicago Fire. A major reason he was hired was because he had coached Chicago's quarterback Virgil Carter, at BYU. However, during the course of the season, the team's weak defense, coupled with severe financial troubles, eventually saw Hudspeth also take over the defensive backfield coaching duties.
Escaping from the ill-fated league, Hudspeth took an off-the-field job the next year as the coordinator of personnel and scouting for the Detroit Lions. He remained in that position until October 5, 1976, when Lions' head coach Rick Forzano resigned following a 1–3–0 start and Hudspeth was tabbed to replace him.
The new coach had mixed results during the remainder of the 1976 NFL season, with team owner William Clay Ford actively pursuing Los Angeles Rams head coach Chuck Knox to replace Hudspeth. After Knox elected to stay with the Rams, Hudspeth was re-hired on February 9, 1977, signing a three-year contract. Hudspeth and his entire coaching staff were dismissed only eleven months later on January 9, 1978, ending his Lions' tenure with an 11–13–0 mark.
On March 7, 1979, Hudspeth returned to Canada when he signed a three-year contract to become the general manager of the CFL's Toronto Argonauts. He would return as a head coach on September 14, 1981, when he replaced Willie Wood with the reeling Argonauts sporting an 0–10 record. Once again, he closed out the season, then returned to the front office.
Return to Tulsa
In 2006, Hudspeth was hired by University of Tulsa director of athletics Bubba Cunningham as an assistant in the area of development and fundraising for athletics.
Hudspeth died June 23, 2015, of cancer. He was 83 years old.
Head coaching record
College
References
External links
NCAA coaching stats at Sports-Reference.com
NFL coaching stats at Pro-Football-Reference.com
1931 births
2015 deaths
American football defensive backs
BYU Cougars football coaches
Calgary Stampeders coaches
Detroit Lions executives
Detroit Lions head coaches
Detroit Lions scouts
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football coaches
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football players
Toronto Argonauts coaches
Toronto Argonauts general managers
UTEP Miners football coaches
Chicago Fire (WFL) coaches
High school football coaches in Oklahoma
People from Cherryvale, Kansas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Hudspeth |
Josef Wagner (12 January 1899 – 22 April or 2 May 1945) was from 1931 the Nazi Gauleiter of Gau Westphalia-South and, as of December 1934, also of Gau Silesia. In 1941 he was dismissed from his offices, then expelled from the Nazi Party (NSDAP), imprisoned by the Gestapo, and likely executed around the time of end of the war in Europe.
Early life and First World War
Wagner was born in Algringen (today, Algrange), Alsace-Lorraine, to miner Nikolaus Wagner. He went to the volksschule in Kneitlingen until 1909 and then to a preparatory school in Zeltingen. Beginning in the summer of 1913 he attended the teachers' seminary in Wittlich until 1917 when he entered military service as a one-year volunteer in the Imperial German Army. He was assigned to Reserve Infantry Regiment 65 on the western front during the First World War. On 14 May 1918, he was severely wounded and taken as a prisoner of war by the French. After five attempts, he managed to escape from a POW camp in Etampes disguised in a French officer's uniform. He returned to Germany in August 1919, by way of Switzerland, completed his last year of training at a teacher seminary in Fulda and passed his teaching examinations in October 1920. Unable to find a teaching position, he was then employed a finance official in Fulda. In July 1921 he became a clerical office worker at the Bochum Association for Cast Steel Production and worked there until April 1927.
Early Nazi career, 1922 to 1932
Wagner joined the Nazi Party quite early on, in 1922 (membership number 16,951) and co-founded the local NSDAP branch in Bochum, becoming its first Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader). As an Alter Kämpfer (Old Fighter) he eventually would be awarded the Golden Party Badge. When the Nazi Party was outlawed in the wake of the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923, Wagner joined the Völkisch-Social Bloc, a Nazi-oriented electoral alliance, becoming its leader in the Westphalia Industrial District. When the Nazi Party was re-established in February 1925, Wagner rejoined and resumed his position as the local leader in Bochum, advancing in 1926 to the position of Bezirksleiter (District Leader). In May 1927, he found employment as a teacher at the Volksschule Horst-Emscher and then at the Gelsenkirchen branch, from which he was fired in November 1927 for political activity.
On 20 May 1928 he was elected as one of the first 12 Nazi deputies to the Reichstag in Berlin. He would continue to be elected to the Reichstag for electoral constituency 18, Westphalia-South, in every subsequent election in the Weimar and Nazi regimes. On 1 October 1928, when the large Gau Ruhr was split up, he was appointed Gauleiter of the newly formed Gau of Westphalia, and after this Gau was split in two on 1 January 1931, he remained Gauleiter of Gau Westphalia-South, whose seat was in Bochum. In 1930, he founded a weekly Nazi newspaper, Westfalenwacht (Westphalia Awakes); this was followed in 1931 by a daily paper, Rote Erde (Red Earth). In 1932 he founded the Hochschule für Politik (Academy for Politics) of the NSDAP, becoming its leader.
Height of power, 1933 to 1941
After the Nazi seizure of power in January 1933, Wagner became a City Councilor in Bochum on 12 March and was appointed to the Westphalia Landtag, which on 10 April appointed him to the Prussian State Council where he was named First Vice-president until the council was dissolved in July. He was reappointed on 14 September to the reconstituted Council, now stripped of significant legislative functions and merely an advisory body to Prussian Minister-President Hermann Göring. On 25 September 1933, Wagner joined the Sturmabteilung (SA) with the rank of SA-Gruppenführer and was assigned to the SA Westphalia Group. In October 1933, he was made a member of the Academy for German Law. In 1934 he was made a member of the Prussian Provincial Council for Westphalia.
On 12 December 1934, after the removal of Helmuth Brückner, Wagner was also appointed as Gauleiter of Gau Silesia with its capital at Breslau (today Wrocław, Poland). Retaining his Gauleiter position in Westphalia-South, he was one of only a very few Gauleiters to simultaneously head two Gaue. In addition, he succeeded Brückner as Oberpräsident (High President) of the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia. He thus united under his control the highest party and governmental offices in the two provinces. After the two provinces were united into the Province of Silesia on 1 April 1938, Wagner became its Oberpräsident until the province was split again on 27 January 1941. From 12 June 1935 he also served as the President of the Prussian Provincial Council for both Silesian provinces and, during their union, for the united Silesia.
On 29 October 1936, Wagner was appointed Reichskommissar for Pricing, an important position for managing the economy under Göring's Four Year Plan. On 9 November 1937, he was promoted to SA-Obergruppenführer. On the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe on 1 September 1939, he was named Reich Defense Commissioner for Wehrkreis (Military District) VIII, which included not only Gau Silesia, but the eastern sections of Reichsgau Sudetenland. It was headquartered in Breslau. In this position, he had responsibility for civil defense and evacuation measures, as well as administration of wartime rationing and suppression of black market activity.
After the conquest of Poland on 8 October 1939, Germany annexed large parts of the country, with East Upper Silesia being made part of Wagner's Gau of Silesia. Two days later, Wagner conferred with Adolf Eichmann who outlined the ruthless Nisko Plan to deport an estimated 70,000 to 80,000 Jews to the Lublin District. Wagner agreed to cooperate with the plan and the first deportations began on 20 October from Kattowitz (today, Katowice). Deportations continued until early 1940, aimed at expropriating Jews and Poles, and resettling the area with Germans.
On 20 April 1940 Wagner was made an Obergruppenführer in the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK). On 15 November 1940, he assumed the responsibility of Housing Commissioner for his two Gaue. Then on 15 January 1941 he was appointed Staatssekretär (State Secretary) to Göring in the Four Year Plan.
Dismissal, trial and death
Wagner, now at the peak of his career, had made powerful enemies, including SS Chief Heinrich Himmler and Martin Bormann, head of the Party Chancellery. In addition, his Deputy Gauleiter in Silesia, Fritz Bracht, was plotting against him. Bormann began agitating for Wagner's removal as Gauleiter of Silesia as early as December 1939, using the large increase in territory and population resulting from the annexed Polish lands to justify dividing the large Gau. Adolf Hitler at first was hesitant but was eventually persuaded. On 9 January 1941, Wagner was removed as Gauleiter of Gau Silesia and it was divided into two separate Gaue on 27 January. Bracht succeeded him in Gau Upper Silesia and Karl Hanke in Gau Lower Silesia. Wagner was also replaced as Oberpräsident, with Bracht and Hanke succeeding him in this capacity in the two new provinces of Upper and Lower Silesia.
Bormann, one of the most rabidly anti-religious Nazis, opposed Wagner who was known to be a Catholic and who was accused of having ties to Catholic Action, a group opposed to the regime. Relationships with any religious organizations were strictly forbidden for high Party functionaries. In addition, it was known that Wagner had sent his children to Catholic schools. There was a report that his wife had genuflected to the Pope at a Vatican reception. Finally, a letter that Wagner's wife had sent to their pregnant daughter, Gerda, had been brought by Himmler to Bormann's attention. In it, Frau Wagner forbade on religious grounds, her daughter's planned marriage to the child's father, a member of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler who had left the Church. All this ran counter to the Nazi anti-Catholic doctrine, and Bormann used it to attack Wagner.
Subsequently, on 9 November 1941 at the annual Beer Hall Putsch anniversary celebration in Munich's Führerbau with all the Gauleiters and Reichsleiters present, Hitler personally dismissed Wagner as Gauleiter of Gau Westphalia-South. After Bormann read the contents of Frau Wagner's letter, Hitler publicly denounced Wagner and ordered him to leave the hall. Wagner requested the floor to defend himself, which further enraged Hitler who announced that he was dismissing Wagner from all his offices, and then had him removed from the hall. Wagner immediately was replaced as Gauleiter in Westphalia-South by Paul Giesler, a functionary in Bormann's Chancellery. Interestingly, Giesler, at Wagner's instigation, had been dismissed as SA-Führer in Westphalia-South in July 1934 and brought up on charges before the Supreme Party Court in connection with the Roehm Purge. On 26 November, Wagner was also expelled from the Reichstag.
On Hitler's orders, Wagner subsequently was brought up on charges before the Supreme Party Court, which was headed by Walter Buch, and which had jurisdiction over matters of Party membership. Wagner put up a persuasive defense and, surprisingly, in a 6 February 1942 decision, the Court acquitted him and refused to expel him from the Party. This infuriated Bormann and Hitler who refused to endorse the decision. The matter, however, was allowed to simmer over the spring and summer until the autumn when Hitler summoned Buch to his headquarters, furiously berated him, and ordered him to reverse the decision immediately. That same day, Buch wrote to Wagner expelling him from the Party effective forthwith, 12 October 1942.
At the direction of Himmler, Wagner was placed under Gestapo surveillance in October 1943. Suspected of involvement in the attempt on Hitler's life at the Wolf's Lair on 20 July 1944, he was arrested by the Gestapo in late July and sent to a concentration camp. His name had appeared in a document prepared by the conspirators. It referred to "upright and capable" individuals who should be approached to be "convinced of the necessity of such a step and to support it. e.g. Gauleiter Wagner." Wagner was moved to a police prison in Potsdam and then to the underground prison at Gestapo headquarters on 8 Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse in Berlin.
The circumstances of Wagner's death are unclear. The most widely accepted account is that he was hanged by the Gestapo in the closing weeks of the war on 22 April 1945. An observer allegedly informed the family of the execution the same month. An alternative version by a fellow prisoner claims that Wagner survived until the prison was liberated by Red Army forces on 2 May, but was accidentally shot by a Russian soldier.
Selected works
Leitfaden der Hochschule für Politik der NSDAP, Munich 1933, published by the Hochschule für Politik der NSDAP (editor)
Die Reichsindexziffer der Lebenshaltungskosten. Ein Beitrag zu ihrer Reform (diss. rer. pol. Munich 1935), Würzburg 1935
Die Preispolitik im Vierjahresplan (Kiel discourses 51), Jena 1938
Gesunde Preispolitik, Dortmund 1938
References
Sources
External links
Brief biography and photo (in German)
Online-Biography of Josef Wagner
1899 births
1945 deaths
20th-century German newspaper publishers (people)
Escapees from French detention
Executed German mass murderers
Gauleiters
German Catholics
German Army personnel of World War I
German escapees
German people executed by Nazi Germany
German prisoners of war in World War I
Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Lorraine-German people
Members of the Academy for German Law
Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
National Socialist Motor Corps members
Nazis executed by Nazi Germany
People from Algrange
People from Alsace-Lorraine
Politicians from the Province of Silesia
Sturmabteilung officers
World War I prisoners of war held by France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Wagner%20%28Gauleiter%29 |
Josef Wagner may refer to:
Josef Wagner (composer) (1856–1908), Austrian composer
Josef Wagner (cyclist) (1916–2003), Swiss cyclist
Josef Wagner (Gauleiter) (1899–1945), Nazi official in the Third Reich
Josef Wagner the Younger (1901–1957), Czech painter and sculptor
Josef Wagner (painter) (born 1938), Czech painter and graphic artist
Josef Wagner (water polo) (1886-?), Austrian Olympic water polo player
See also
Joseph Wagner (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Wagner |
E
Whale's Tale Water Park is a water park located in Lincoln, New Hampshire, United States. It has been operating for more than 30 years.
Rides
The park has a total of 11 attractions, with recent additions of Shipwreck Island in 2010, Poseidon's Voyage in 2013, and Akua Beach in 2017. The park features rides for all ages, such as the Whale Harbor, a pool no deeper than deeming it safe for young kids and toddlers. It contains four waterslides and three water fountains.
There are seven featured waterslides in the park.
Banzai Pipeline: a large water slide where riders start in an enclosed tube until they reach the peak where they experience a backward ride down the slide
Eye of the Storm: A large bowl-shaped waterslide where guests first accelerate through an enclosed tube before rotating several times around the bowl. The ride ends in a 4-foot drop through a hole in the center into a deep pool, so all riders are required to be competent swimmers on this attraction. A certified lifeguard is on duty at all times at the bottom.
Harpoon Express: a and bobsled-style tube that carries 1-3 persons per raft
The Beluga Boggin: a , figure-8 shaped, water slide suitable for small children
The Plunge: a double slide that reaches speeds up to , where riders can race each other
Downpour: a winding slide that starts in the air. It is also connected to the Plunge.
The Poseidon's Voyage: a long water slide where riders start in a SkyBox (a steep vertical launch capsule), which spirals down into a 360 degree loop towards the end
Side attractions include Shipwreck Island, a maze of elevated platforms featuring miniature water slides and various water sprays. Willie's Wild Waves is a 60-foot (18m) wide wave pool. The shallow end features a concrete beach area with chairs, while the deep end reaches a depth of 6 feet. Waves start and stop every 10 minutes, and tubes are available to use. Jonah's Escape is a large lazy river that moves swimmers around under gentle waterfalls. In the center of the lazy river is a side attraction called the Castaway Cove. It features an heated pool designed in the shape of a whale, set at with underwater seating. It is surrounded by three large hot tubs, all maintained at , with available table services located around the pool.
Food
The park includes two main food locations and one main beverage location, in addition to an outdoor bar and restaurant and concession stands.
Coolers are allowed into the park with food and drinks, but glass or alcohol are not permitted. Coolers will be checked at the front gates before entering into the park. All beverages are required to be factory sealed.
Other attractions
Cabanas are made available to visitors on a first-come first-served basis, which include a shade with retractable screens, a lunch table of four chairs, two lounge chairs and a cocktail table. They are located around the beach and Castaway Cove.
All around the park are large green areas which are available to use by the visitors. Equipment like chairs and blankets can be brought and set up to use for the day.
Breakers Surf Shop is the featured gift shop at the park, which carries all beach necessities, toys, sunglasses, souvenirs, and more. Lifejackets can be borrowed free of charge at a booth next to the park entrance.
Safety and weather
Safety at the Whale's Tale water park are certified by the American Red Cross, ServSafe and Certified Pool Operators. It is important that all park rules are followed by the visitors as they will be held responsible for any safety issues.
In the event of thunderstorms within a 10-mile radius, the park will close immediately, and rain checks for the current operating season will be issued to for the time missed.
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Grafton County, New Hampshire
Water parks in New Hampshire
Tourist attractions in Grafton County, New Hampshire
Lincoln, New Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale%27s%20Tale%20Water%20Park |
I Crush Bozo is an album by the band Happy Flowers, released in 1988.
Track listing
"Get Me off the Broiler Pan" - 2:54
"I'm the Stupid One" - 2:29
"More Mittens" - 1:22
"Old Relatives" - 2:22
"Get Paul's Head" - 1:34
"Why Don't I Bleed" - 2:09
"Fever Dream" - 2:44
"They Cleaned My Cut Out With a Wire Brush" - 3:55
"I've Got the Picnic Disease" - 3:45
"Jellyfish Head" - 2:22
"There's a Worm in My Hand" - 2:31
"Know" - 0:49
"Toenail Fear" - 2:22
"Mrs. Butcher" - 2:51
"My Frisbee Went Under a Lawnmower" - 2:47
"I Saw My Picture on a Milk Carton" - 2:30
Personnel
John Beers ("Horribly Charred Infant") - vocals, guitars, drums, piano on track 13
Charlie Kramer ("Mr. Anus") - guitar, bass, drums, vocals, Casio keyboards on track 14
References
Happy Flowers albums
1988 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Crush%20Bozo |
Janice Kulyk Keefer (born 2 June 1952) is a Canadian novelist and poet. Of Ukrainian heritage, Kulyk Keefer often writes about the experiences of first-generation Canadian children of immigrants.
Biography
She was born as Janice Kulyk on 2 June 1952 in Toronto, Ontario. She studied English literature at the University of Toronto, graduating with a BA. She then studied at the University of Sussex, where she received an MPhil and D.Phil. Following this, Keefer became an assistant professor of English studies at Université Sainte-Anne in Pointe-de-l'Église, Nova Scotia. She is a specialist in Modernist literature. In her literary work on Ukrainian-Canadian identity, she "rejects simplified notions of multiculturalism" in preference to a Ukrainian transnational identity. , she is a professor of literature and theatre in the graduate studies department at the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario.
Her sister is the Canadian artist, Karen Kulyk and her son is the Decouple Podcast host Dr. Chris Keefer.
Awards and honours
1987 Governor General's Awards, nominated, Under Eastern Eyes
1988 Books in Canada First Novel Award, nominated, Constellations
1996 Governor General's Awards, nominated, The Green Library
1999 Marian Engel Award, lifetime achievement
2006 Greifswald Canadian Studies Fellow in Residence, University of Greifswald, Germany
2008 Kobzar Literary Award, The Ladies Lending Library
Bibliography
White of the Lesser Angels (1986)
The Paris-Napoli Express (1986)
Transfigurations (1987)
Under Eastern Eyes: A Critical Reading of Maritime Fiction
Constellations
Reading Mavis Gallant (1989)
Travelling Ladies (1992)
Rest Harrow (1992)
The Green Library
Marrying the Sea (1998)
Kyiv, of Two Lands: New Visions (1998, anthology co-edited with Solemea Pavlychko)
Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family (1998)
The Waste Zone (2002)
Thieves (2004)
The Ladies' Lending Library (2007)
Foreign Relations (2010)
References
Further reading
External links
Interview, online from CBC Words at Large
Janice Kulyk Keeper at writerscafe.ca
The author at English-Canadian Writers, Athabasca University, by Deborah Saidero, University of Udine, 2016
1952 births
20th-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian poets
21st-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian poets
Canadian women poets
Canadian women novelists
Canadian people of Ukrainian descent
Living people
Poets from Toronto
Novelists from Toronto
Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
Canadian women academics
German women academics
Academic staff of the University of Guelph
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janice%20Kulyk%20Keefer |
Allison Moorer (born June 21, 1972) is an American country singer-songwriter. She signed with MCA Nashville in 1997 and made her debut on the U.S. Billboard Country Chart with the release of her debut single, "A Soft Place to Fall", which she co-wrote with Gwil Owen. The song was featured in Robert Redford's The Horse Whisperer and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1999. Moorer performed at the Oscars ceremony the same year. She has made ten albums and has had songs recorded by Trisha Yearwood, Kenny Chesney, Miranda Lambert, Steve Earle, and Hayes Carll.
Early life
Moorer was born in Mobile, Alabama on June 21, 1972. She was raised in Frankville, Alabama, and later Monroeville, Alabama, after the deaths of her parents. Growing up, Moorer and her sister also lived in Jackson, Alabama at various times. Music was an important part of the Moorer family. Moorer's father was a heavy drinker who abused his wife. In 1985, her mother fled with the two girls to nearby Mobile, but her father soon discovered their whereabouts. In 1986, when Moorer was 14 and her older sister Shelby (now Shelby Lynne) was 17, he shot and killed his wife before taking his own life. Moorer graduated from the University of South Alabama in Mobile in June 1993 and then moved to Nashville, Tennessee, without even collecting her diploma to join her sister, singer/songwriter Shelby Lynne, who lived there and had already released three albums. Moorer began singing backgrounds in Lynne's band full time and toured extensively with her.
Career
In June 1996, Moorer took part in a tribute to her songwriter friend, the late Walter Hyatt, singing his "Tell Me Baby" at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium. Nashville agent Bobby Cudd was in attendance and subsequently introduced her to renowned producer and MCA Nashville president Tony Brown. After a few meetings, Brown asked her to cut some demos for the label. Two tracks—"Pardon Me" and "Call My Name"— from that session were included on her first MCA album, Alabama Song.
When Brown moved from MCA Records to sister label Universal South, Moorer followed. Her 2002 album, Miss Fortune, earned more raves, but didn't meet sales expectations. It contained the ballad "Tumbling Down," which was featured on the soundtrack of the popular 2002 film The Rookie.
Her live album Show was recorded in one night at 12th and Porter in Nashville. It features the first recorded collaboration between Moorer and Lynne. After releasing Show and a DVD on Universal South, Moorer moved to independent label Sugar Hill Records. With a slightly rougher edge than past efforts, The Duel was released in April 2004. Moorer's first husband, Doyle Lee Primm, was featured as a songwriter on her first four albums. They divorced in 2005. After serving as his opening act on a European tour, Moorer married fellow singer/songwriter Steve Earle. Earle produced her 2006 album, Getting Somewhere. Moorer wrote all the songs, with the exception of one co-written with Earle. They were both nominated for the Best Country Collaboration with Vocals Grammy, for the song "Days Aren't Long Enough" from Earle's Washington Square Serenade in 2008. The song was also nominated for an Americana Music Association award. Moorer gave birth to the couple's first child, John Henry Earle, on April 5, 2010, but they separated in 2012 and divorced in 2015.
Moorer released the Buddy Miller-produced Mockingbird in February 2008;[4] an album mainly of covers of songs by female singer/songwriters including her sister, Shelby Lynne.
In 2009, Moorer performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States.[5] She appeared in the off-Broadway Rebel Voices, a dramatization of Howard Zinn and Anthony Arnove's Voices of a People's History of the United States in late 2007. Also, in 2009, she appeared on the BBC series Transatlantic Sessions, Series 4, Episodes 4 and 5, performing a version of the Irish folk song, "Carrickfergus". She toured with the Jerry Douglas and Ally Bain led Transatlantic Sessions band in early 2011.
In 2015, Moorer released her ninth album, Down to Believing, which marked a return to collaborating with Kenny Greenberg.
In August 2017, Moorer released her tenth album, Not Dark Yet, in collaboration with her sister. Produced by British folk singer Teddy Thompson, it featured covers of songs by Merle Haggard, Bob Dylan, Nirvana and The Killers as well as one original song written by Moorer and Lynne, "Is It Too Much." During an extended interview at the Country Music Hall of Fame, the duo revealed that they are planning a second collaborative album which will instead feature all original material and that they will begin writing together for this new project in 2018.
Moorer co-produced the 2019 Hayes Carll record What It Is. She and Carll were married on May 12, 2019. Moorer's album Blood was to be released October 25, 2019; her book, Blood: A Memoir, was scheduled for publication on October 29, 2019, on Da Capo Press.
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Extended Plays
Compilation albums
Singles
A "Alabama Song" reached number 73 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.
Guest singles
A Song was credited on the charts to Kid Rock with Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer.
Music videos
Collaborations
Contributed vocals for two songs, "When She Passed By" and "A Perfect Hand", on David Byrne and Fatboy Slim's concept album, Here Lies Love (2009).
Appears on two albums with The Chieftains: In 2003 on Further Down the Old Plank Road singing "Hick's Farewell" and in 2005 on Live From Dublin: A Tribute To Derek Bell singing "Carrickfergus".
Performed with Steve Earle on the song "After the Fire is Gone" from Coal Miner's Daughter: A Tribute To Loretta Lynn (2010).
Performed the female lead vocals in a reworked version Kid Rock's hit "Picture". The song was co-written and originally recorded with Sheryl Crow. Rock's label, Atlantic Records, was unable to obtain permission from Crow's label, A&M Records, to release the original version as a single, thus it was rerecorded with Moorer.
Has often toured and recorded vocals with Steve Earle since 2006, and was a member of his band the Dukes and Duchesses.
Duets with Josh Turner on the Hank Williams song "Alone and Forsaken", which appears on his 2020 album Country State of Mind.
Bibliography
Blood: A Memoir (2019) – published by Hachette Book Group
I Dream He Talks to Me: A Memoir of Learning How to Listen (2021) – published by Hachette Book Group
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Allison Moorer official website
CMT.com profile
Allison Moorer at NPR Music
Articles.latimes.com
1972 births
Living people
People from Monroeville, Alabama
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
Place of birth missing (living people)
MCA Records artists
Show Dog-Universal Music artists
Country musicians from Alabama
Rykodisc artists
Singer-songwriters from Alabama
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American women singers
Proper Records artists
Sugar Hill Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison%20Moorer |
Benedictus Hubertus Danser (May 24, 1891, Schiedam – October 18, 1943, Groningen), often abbreviated B. H. Danser, was a Dutch taxonomist and botanist. Danser specialised in the plant families Loranthaceae, Nepenthaceae, and Polygonaceae.
In 1928, Danser published an exhaustive revision of the genus Nepenthes, recognising 65 species in "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies". While nowadays more than 140 species of Nepenthes are known, Danser's work is still referenced by specialists in the field.
Danser died in Groningen on October 18, 1943. The genus Dansera (Fabaceae) and the species Nepenthes danseri (Nepenthaceae), Rumex danseri (Polygonaceae) and Taxillus danseriana (Loranthaceae) are named after him.
See also
:Category:Taxa named by Benedictus Hubertus Danser
References
Jansen, P. & W.H. Wachter 1943. In memoriam Benedictus Hubertus Danser. Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief 53: 129–132, 133–136.
1891 births
1943 deaths
20th-century Dutch botanists
Dutch taxonomists
People from Schiedam | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictus%20Hubertus%20Danser |
Don Martín García Óñez de Loyola (1549 in Azpeitia, Gipuzkoa – December 24, 1598 at Curalaba) was a Spanish Basque soldier and Royal Governor of the Captaincy General of Chile. Very likely Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Society of Jesus, was his uncle.
Early life
As a young man in 1568, he arrived in Peru at the side of the new viceroy Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa, as captain of the guard. In 1572, during the military expedition against Túpac Amaru — the last descendant of the Incas resisting foreign domination — Óñez de Loyola led a brilliant action of an advance column which fell upon the camp of the Inca and captured him.
For this great feat, he gained the rank of corregidor in a number of Peruvian towns, entitling him to their goods and labor. He also married to Beatriz Clara Coya, daughter of Inca ruler Sayri Túpac and niece of Túpac Amaru.
With these recommendations, the king named him governor of the Río de la Plata and Paraguay in 1592. However, just before he assumed the position, Philip II designated him Royal Governor of Chile, as he was considered the officer most apt to finish the Arauco War.
Governor of Chile
Óñez de Loyola arrived in Chile on September 23, 1592. He was determined to pacify the Arauco. To further this end he immediately set out for Concepción at the head of 110 troops which he had met at the capital. However, he realized that with such scarce resources he would not be able to achieve his objective and he requested reinforcements from Peru.
However, the appearance of the British pirate Richard Hawkins alarmed the authorities in Peru and their reinforcements were recalled for the defense of Peru itself. Hawkins also attacked Chile during his campaigns, assaulting Valparaiso, for example where he captured a ship. Because of the limited capacity of his ship, he only took things he needed and let the captured sailors go free.
The governor did not receive the requested soldiers, but members of the Jesuit and Augustinian orders did arrive. The first would have great importance for later events in the colonization of Chile, until they were eventually expelled.
The governor decided that he could not wait any longer and in 1594 he began a campaign to the south with the small contingent that he had assembled. He founded a fort at Santa Cruz de Óñez in May 1594, near the confluence of the Bio-Bio and Laja Rivers in Catiray, where gold mines were located on the Rele River. The fort was elevated to the rank of city in 1595 giving it the name of Santa Cruz de Coya.
Three years later a group of 140 reinforcements arrived, but they were not enough. The lack of reinforcements was not the fault of the viceroy — who offered generous inducements to join the army — but rather the name of Chile, which had become so stained by the interminable conflict that no one wanted to risk their lives going to such a hell.
Death
The governor was in La Imperial when news arrived that the Mapuches had renewed their attacks against Angol. In order to reinforce this point, he set out with 50 men on December 21, 1598. On the second day of the march they arrived at a place called Curallaba or Curalava (the broken rock), on the banks of the Lumaco River, where they rested without taking any precautions against attack. On the nights of the 23rd and 24th the natives approached the camp, and with shouts and the sounds of horns they attacked the Spanish.
Óñez de Loyola and a pair of soldiers at his side fought very valiantly, but finally succumbed to the spears of the natives. In the melee almost all the Spaniards died, save a cleric named Bartolomé Pérez, who was taken prisoner, and a soldier named Bernardo de Pereda, who received 23 wounds on his body and was left for dead but improbably survived.
The Mapuches then initiated a general uprising which destroyed all the cities in their homeland south of the Biobío River. They kept the head of Óñez de Loyola, giving it back years later to the governor Alonso García de Ramón.
See also
Arauco War
Mapuche people
Disaster of Curalaba
Destruction of Seven Cities
References
Sources
Royal Governors of Chile
Spanish city founders
People of the Arauco War
People killed in the Arauco War
Spanish generals
Spanish military personnel killed in action
People from Azpeitia
16th-century Spanish people
1549 births
1598 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn%20Garc%C3%ADa%20%C3%93%C3%B1ez%20de%20Loyola |
Childs v Desormeaux, is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the topic of social host liability. The Court held that a social host does not owe a duty of care to a person injured by a guest who has consumed alcohol.
Background
Julie Zimmerman and Dwight Courrier hosted a New Year's pot-luck dinner to which guests were to bring their own alcohol. Desmond Desormeaux, a guest at the party and long-time heavy drinker, drank approximately 12 beers in over 2 and a half hours that evening. According to the version of events accepted by both sides, the hosts did not monitor his drinking more closely than the drinking of the other guests. Desormeaux drove home after a brief conversation with Courrier, who asked him, "Bro, are you going to be all right?". On the way home, he was involved in a car crash, paralyzing the passenger Zoë Childs and killing another passenger, Derek Dupre.
Finding liability in this case would mean recognizing a new duty of care. To determine whether or not such a duty existed, all three levels of court used the standard test in Canadian law: the Anns two-stage test. This test was introduced in the United Kingdom in the case of Anns v. Merton London Borough Council [1977] 2 All ER 492; it was adopted in Canada in City of Kamloops v. Nielsen (1984), 10 DLR (4th) 641. The two-stage test was also adopted by other common law jurisdictions, but has since been repudiated in the United Kingdom and every major common law jurisdiction except Canada. In Canada, the test has undergone several developments since Kamloops, most notably in Cooper v. Hobart, [2001] 3 S.C.R. 537.
The trial judge at the Ontario Superior Court of Justice found that the injury to Childs was reasonably foreseeable, that is, a reasonable person in the position of Mr. Courrier and Ms. Zimmerman would have foreseen that Mr. Desormeaux might cause an accident and injure someone else—but refused to impose a duty of care based on public policy grounds (2002), 217 D.L.R. (4th) 217).
Like the trial court, the Court of Appeal for Ontario held that Zimmerman and Courrier did not owe a duty of care to Childs, but for different reasons: the relationship between the hosts and the guest was not proximate enough to ground a duty of care. This was because, among other things, the hosts did not serve alcohol to Desormeaux and did not know he was intoxicated, they did not assume control over the service of alcohol, there was no statute imposing a duty to monitor drinking on social hosts, and the hosts did not otherwise assume responsibility for Desormeaux's safety.
Supreme Court Decision
The Supreme Court held that a duty of care did not exist between the social hosts (Courrier and Zimmerman) and the third-party users of the road (Childs) injured by Desormeaux. Like the Ontario Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court found that the proximity between the plaintiffs and defendants was not sufficient to ground a duty of care. Unlike the Ontario court, however, the Supreme Court did not even discuss the second stage of the Anns/Kamloops Test, writing simply that since sufficient proximity was not present in the relationship between the parties, it was not necessary to discuss the second stage.
Development of the two-stage Anns/Kamloops test
Looking at the three decisions in sequence, a pattern emerges. First, the trial judge found sufficient proximity under the first stage of the Anns/Kamloops test but declined to impose liability because of policy concerns under the second stage. Second, the Ontario Court of Appeal found insufficient proximity, disagreeing with the trial judge, but still went on to an extensive discussion of the second stage's broader policy concerns. Finally, the Supreme Court did all its analysis under the first stage, concentrating on the relationship between the defendant social hosts and Desormeaux.
There are two possible readings of this progression. First, they could each represent different accounts of the facts under a fundamentally similar version of the Anns/Kamloops test. Second, they could represent different versions of the Anns/Kamloops test, with each court successively reducing the role of the second stage. Under this interpretation, one could see Canadian Courts as moving towards a rejection of the two stage test that would bring Canada into line with other common law jurisdictions that have also rejected the test. One could see the Supreme Court as paying lip service to the second stage test which continues to exist merely as a vestigial limb. This interpretation would build on the Court's decision in Cooper v. Hobart, where the Court held that most duty-of-care cases would be decided under the first stage of the Anns/Kamloops test. However, the second stage was only not engaged in this case because no duty of care was found by analysis at the first stage, making proceeding with the second stage irrelevant (as the Court noted). Moreover, in Cooper v. Hobart the Court reaffirmed the importance of the 2-stage test at length.
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (McLachlin Court)
Menow v. Jordan House Ltd., [1974] S.C.R. 239
Stewart v. Pettie, [1995] 1 S.C.R. 131
External links
Ontario Court of Appeal decision at CanLII.org
Superior Court decision at CanLII.org
Canadian tort case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
Alcohol law in Canada
2006 in Canadian case law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childs%20v%20Desormeaux |
John Barnes (17 July 1868 – 31 January 1938) was a union official and Australian federal politician representing the Labor Party.
Early life
Barnes was born at Hamilton, South Australia, the son of John Thomas Barnes, a drover who had emigrated from Somerset, England, and his wife, Mary, née Comerford, from County Clare, Ireland. Barnes was educated at a local primary school but left to obtain work as a farm labourer, shearer, miner and general bush worker; his father had died when the boy was six. In his swag he carried copies of works by Henry George, Robert Blatchford, Henry Lawson and other writers on economic and social questions and he thus became largely self-educated.
Career
Barnes was an early member of the Shearers' Union, (later named the Australian Workers' Union), became General Secretary in 1908 and afterwards President. He was Secretary of the Victoria-Riverina branch for a period, and held that position when he was elected a federal Senator for Victoria in 1913. He was defeated at the 1919 general election but was again elected in 1922 and in 1928. He was Assistant Minister for Works and Railways from 22 October 1929 to 3 March 1931 and then Vice-President of the Executive Council and Leader of the Government in the Senate until 6 January 1932. He was then Leader of the Opposition in the Senate until 30 June 1935. Though he held his seat until this date, he had been defeated at the general election held in 1934. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1937, his term due to begin on 1 July 1938.
Late life and legacy
Barnes, however was suffering from cancer and died in East Melbourne on 31 January 1938 as a senator-elect. He left a widow, one son and five daughters. He was given a state funeral, the procession travelling through the city, pausing at Trades Hall, and continuing to the Melbourne General Cemetery.
Barnes, at the time, was the most notorious practical joker in Australian federal politics. His sense of humour went along with earnestness and a belief in the cause of Labour. He was well regarded amongst colleagues and in union circles, where he was for many years a leader before entering politics.
References
1868 births
1938 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate for Victoria
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Australian trade union leaders
20th-century Australian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28Australian%20politician%29 |
The Lockheed Model 8 Sirius was a single-engined, propeller-driven monoplane designed and built by Jack Northrop and Gerard Vultee while they were engineers at Lockheed in 1929, at the request of Charles Lindbergh. Two versions of the same basic design were built for the United States Air Force, one made largely of wood with a fixed landing gear, and one with a metal skin and retractable landing gear, designated Y1C-25 and Y1C-23, respectively. Its basic role was intended to be as a utility transport.
History
A total of 15 Sirius aircraft were constructed in 1929 and 1930.
The first and best known Sirius was bought by Lindbergh, and in 1931, as NR-211, it was retrofitted to be a float plane. Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh flew it to the Far East, where she wrote a book about their experiences there entitled North to the Orient. The aircraft was damaged in Hankou, China, when it accidentally capsized while being lowered off the aircraft carrier HMS Hermes, and had to be sent back to Lockheed to be repaired.
In 1931, György Endresz and Sándor Magyar made a successful US–Hungary transatlantic flight with a Lockheed Sirius 8A aircraft named "Justice for Hungary".
In 1933, the Lindberghs set out again with their Sirius, now upgraded with a more powerful engine, a new directional gyro, and an artificial horizon. This time, their route would take them across the northern Atlantic, with no particular destination, but primarily to scout for potential new airline routes for Pan Am.
While at a refueling stop in Angmagssalik, Greenland, the Inuit of the area gave the Sirius a nickname, "Tingmissartoq" or "one who flies like a bird". They continued on their flight and made many stops in Europe, Russia, then south to Africa, back across the southern Atlantic to Brazil and back over the skies of New York City at the end of 1933, after 30,000 miles and 21 countries; droves of people turned out to greet them as they landed.
The aircraft was in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City until 1955, when ownership was transferred to the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. It was given to the Smithsonian Institution in 1959, and it went on display at the National Air and Space Museum when the original facility opened on the National Mall in 1976.
Variants
Lockheed 8 Sirius Single-engine, two-seat, long-range, high-performance aircraft; one built for Charles Lindbergh.
Sirius 8 First production version, similar to the Lockheed 8 Sirius; one built.
Sirius 8A Equipped with an enlarged tail surface; eight built.
Sirius 8C Four-seat version fitted with an enclosed cabin seating two passengers, located between the engine and the pilot's cockpit; one built.
DL-2 Metal fuselage and wooden wings. One built by the Detroit Aircraft Corporation.
Operators
Spanish Republican Air Force
Specifications (Lindbergh's Sirius 8)
See also
List of Lockheed aircraft
References
Notes
Bibliography
Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. London: Putnam, 1982. ;
External links
Aircraft of the Smithsonian: Lockheed 8 Sirius
Lockheed Sirius in Geneva (1933)
Sirius
1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed%20Model%208%20Sirius |
William Glenn Brundige (November 13, 1948 – December 29, 2018) was an American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins for eight seasons, from 1970 through 1977. He is currently sixth on the Redskins all-time sack list.
Born in Holyoke, Colorado, Brundige played high school football at tiny Haxtun in northeastern Colorado and then played college football at the University of Colorado in Boulder. He was a physics major at CU and also threw the shot put for the Colorado Buffaloes track and field team. After a senior season in 1969 in which he was named first-team All-America, he was selected in the second round of the 1970 NFL Draft, 43rd overall, by head coach Vince Lombardi of the Redskins.
At age 21, he was a starter as a rookie in 1970 at defensive tackle. At the end of his third season in the NFL, Brundige became a part of both Redskin and Super Bowl lore in Super Bowl VII. He blocked the field goal attempt by Garo Yepremian that led to the bizarre fumble-return touchdown by Mike Bass that cut the Miami Dolphins' lead to 14–7 with just over two minutes remaining.
In 2002 for the Redskins' 70th anniversary, Brundige was named a member of the 70 Greatest Redskins.
After his playing days, Brundige was a general manager of Ford dealerships in the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia in the city of Winchester and town of Front Royal.
Brundige died at his home in Knoxville, Tennessee on December 29, 2018, from cancer.
References
External links
1948 births
2018 deaths
American football defensive linemen
American male shot putters
Colorado Buffaloes football players
Colorado Buffaloes men's track and field athletes
Washington Redskins players
People from Phillips County, Colorado
Players of American football from Colorado
Track and field athletes from Colorado
Deaths from cancer in Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Brundige |
Darktown Revue (1931) is an 18-minute American Pre-Code short film by Oscar Micheaux, his first short venture into sound film. The dances and ensembles were co-directed by Leonard Harper and the picture was shot along with their feature-length all-black talkie, The Exile. As in many early talkies, the camera-work is extremely static. The film included choral singing and several vaudeville acts, including the comedy duo of Tim Moore and Andrew Tribble doing a routine about a haunted house.
References
External links
"The Exile", Film Captures,
1931 films
1931 musical comedy films
African-American films
American musical comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Oscar Micheaux
1931 short films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darktown%20Revue |
Theosophical teachings have borrowed some concepts and terms from Buddhism. Some theosophists like Helena Blavatsky, Helena Roerich and Henry Steel Olcott also became Buddhists. Henry Steel Olcott helped shape the design of the Buddhist flag. Tibetan Buddhism was popularised in the West at first mainly by Theosophists including Evans-Wentz and Alexandra David-Neel.
Blavatsky sometimes compared Theosophy to Mahayana Buddhism. In The Key to Theosophy she writes:
The Theosophists as Buddhists and Buddhologists
The Founders of the Theosophical Society
25 May 1880 Blavatsky and Olcott embraced Buddhism: they publicly took in Galle the Refuges and Pancasila from a prominent Sinhalese bhikkhu. Olcott and Blavatsky (she received US citizenship previously) were the first Americans who were converted to Buddhism in the traditional sense.
In Buddhology there is an idea that the "Theosophical Buddhists" were the forerunners of all subsequent Western, or, as they were called, "white" Buddhists. In addition, they attempted to rationalize Buddhism, to cleanse the doctrine, removing from it elements of "folk superstition". They also tried to identify Buddhism with esoteric doctrine, recognizing the Lord Buddha as the "Master-Adept." And finally, they considered it their duty to provide assistance and political support to the oppressed Sinhalese Buddhists.
Theosophical revival of Buddhism
In 1880 Olcott began to build up the Buddhist Educational Movement in Ceylon. In 1880 there were only two schools in Ceylon managed by the Buddhists. Due to the efforts of Olcott the number rose to 205 schools and four colleges in 1907 (Ananda College in Colombo, Mahinda College in Galle, Dharmaraja College in Kandy and Maliyadeva College in Kurunegala). Thus began the great Buddhist revival in Ceylon. Olcott also represented the Buddhist cause to the British government, and found redress for the restrictions imposed against Buddhists, such as the prohibition of processions, Buddhist schools, the improved financial administration of temple properties, and so on.
Olcott "united the sects of Ceylon in the Buddhist Section of the Theosophical Society (1880); the 12 sects of Japan into a Joint Committee for the promotion of Buddhism (1889); Burma, Siam, and Ceylon into a Convention of Southern Buddhists (1891); and finally Northern and Southern Buddhism through joint signatures to his Fourteen Propositions of Buddhism (1891)."
Anagarika Dharmapala
An important part of Olcott's work in Ceylon became the patronage of young Buddhist Don David Hewavitharana, who took himself later name Anagarika Dharmapala. Dharmapala, a founder the Maha Bodhi Society, Sri Lanka's national hero, was one of the major figures in the movement for the revival of Buddhism in Ceylon during the British colonial rule.
In December 1884 Blavatsky, accompanied by Leadbeater and the marrieds Cooper-Oakley came to Ceylon. Leadbeater, following the example of the leaders of the Theosophical Society, has officially become a Buddhist, without renouncing Christianity (he was an Anglican priest). David joined the Blavatsky's team to go to India.
Upon arrival in India Dharmapala as a member of the Theosophical Society worked with Blavatsky and Olcott. They advised him to devote himself to the service of "the benefit of mankind," and begin to study Pali and the Buddhist philosophy. Sangharakshita wrote that at the age of 20 years Dharmapala was equally fascinated by both Buddhism and theosophy.
After returning from India, Dharmapala worked in Colombo as general secretary of the Buddhist section of the Theosophical Society, and as director of the Buddhist press. In 1886, he was a translator, when together with Olcott and Leadbeater made a lecture tour of the island. He helped Olcott in a work on the organization of Buddhist schools. When Olcott instructed Leadbeater to prepare a shortened version of the Buddhist Catechism, Dharmapala undertook to translate it to Sinhala. Work of Dharmapala and theosophists contributed to the revival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and other countries of the Southern Buddhism.
Leadbeater has initiated the organization in various parts of Colombo a large number of Buddhist Sunday schools. He also founded an English school, which later became known as Ananda College (one of the most famous schools of Ceylon). Among the pupils of this school was a young Buddhist Jinarajadasa, who later worked as the fourth President of the Theosophical Society Adyar.
In 1893, Dharmapala went to the West, first to England and then to the Chicago, where he represented Buddhism at the World Parliament of Religions. Although he was only 29 years old, he was the most famous representative of Buddhism in parliament. At the conference, he made several appearances on three main themes. Firstly, he said that Buddhism is a religion, which perfectly consistent with modern science, because the Buddhist teachings are completely compatible with the doctrine of evolution. He outlined the Buddhist idea that the cosmos is a sequential process of deployment in accordance with the laws of nature. Secondly, Dharmapala said that in the ethics of Buddhism is much more love and compassion than in the sermons of Christian missionaries working in Ceylon. By a third paragraph of his performances was the assertion that Buddhism is a religion of optimism and activity, but in any case not of pessimism and inactivity.
Christmas Humphreys
In 1924 in London Humphreys founded the Buddhist Lodge of the Theosophical Society. According to Humphreys, conceptually the Theosophy and Buddhism are identical: the single life after many incarnations returns to the Unmanifest; all the individual consciousness are unreal compared to the "Self", which is a reflection of the Absolute; karma and reincarnation are a basic laws. Path lays through self-fulfillment with Nirvana in the end. Thus, wrote Humphreys, the difference between the Theosophy and Buddhism is only in emphasis.
Thanks to the missionary efforts of Dharmapala, in 1926 the British Buddhists established their branch Maha Bodhi Society. At the same time the Buddhist Lodge was transformed into the British Buddhist Society, whose president become Humphreys. Humphreys was a tireless lay Buddhist as a lecturer, journalist, writer and organizer. He was the author and/or the editor of The Buddhist Lodge Monthly Bulletin, Buddhism in England, The Middle Way, and The Theosophical Review.
Watts and Conze
British philosopher and Buddhist author Alan Watts became a member of the Buddhist Lodge of the Theosophical Society in London at the age of 15. His first book, The Spirit of Zen came out when he was 19 years old.
Another active member of the Theosophical Society was Edward Conze, who later became a famous buddhologist.
D. Suzuki and B. Suzuki
The famous Buddhist philosopher and popularizer of Zen D. T. Suzuki and his wife Beatrice Suzuki became members of the Theosophical Society in Tokyo in 1920; their names appear on the list of Theosophical Society members sent to Adyar on 12 May 1920. After moving to Kyoto in 1924, the Suzukis formed a new branch of the Theosophical Society called the Mahayana Lodge. Most of the Lodge members were university professors. In 1937 Jinarajadasa, future president of the Theosophical Society, read two lectures in Tokyo which were translated into Japanese by D. T. Suzuki.
Analysis of the theosophical texts
According to buddhologists Reigle and Taylor, Blavatsky herself, and her immediate Masters, and the Master of her Masters were Buddhists by faith and lexis, who were strongly associated by relationships "pupil-teacher". Blavatsky often uses in her works the references to Buddhism, in particular, to the Mahayana teachings, while in the "mahatma letters" Buddhism is present on virtually every page, and it is immediately evident from the frequent use of specific terminology on the Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Chinese and Mongolian languages.
The Mahatma letters
Humphreys wrote that theosophists got their knowledge from two Masters who prepared Blavatsky for her mission in the world. Their letters were published later, in 1923: it was a book The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett. He noted that the founders of the theosophical movement, Blavatsky and Olcott, publicly declared themselves Buddhists and, more important still, the two Masters, who founded the Theosophical movement, spoke: "Our Great Patron is the Teacher of Nirvana and the Law." And their Master, the Maha-Chohan, once said, describing himself and his fellow-adepts, that they were all "the devoted followers of the spirit incarnate of absolute self-sacrifice, of philanthropy, divine kindness, as of all the highest virtues attainable on this earth of sorrow, the man of men, Gautama Buddha." Speaking about Buddha, Humphries repeatedly quoted the Master Kuthumi, for example:
"Our great Buddha—the patron of all the adepts, the reformer and the codifier of the occult system."
"In our temples there is neither a god nor gods worshipped, only the thrice sacred memory of the greatest as the holiest man that ever lived."
Humphreys stated: "All who dare to call themselves Theosophists or Buddhists must study, and teach and strive to apply this garnered Wisdom."
The Secret Doctrine and the Books of Kiu-te
Oldmeadow wrote that Blavatsky's second major work, The Secret Doctrine, includes elements that clearly derive from the Vajrayana, often conflated with Vedantic ideas. He noted: "Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup was sufficiently confident of Blavatsky's account of the Bardo to endorse her claim that she had been initiated into 'the higher lamaistic teachings'."
Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup (a translator of The Tibetan Book of the Dead) believed that Blavatsky had "intimate acquaintance with the higher lamaistic teachings".
Humphreys in his autobiography praised The Secret Doctrine. At the time he published an abridgment of this book.
Blavatsky claimed to have access to a popularised version of Buddhist secret doctrines, a fourteen volume esoteric commentary, "worked out from one small archaic folio, the Book of the Secret Wisdom of the World", as well as secret texts she termed Kiu-Te. Buddhologist David Reigle identified Blavatsky's "Books of Kiu-te" as the Tantra section of the Tibetan Buddhist canon.
The Voice of the Silence
Zen Buddhism scholar D. T. Suzuki wrote about Blavatsky's book The Voice of the Silence: "Undoubtedly Madame Blavatsky had in some way been initiated into the deeper side of Mahayana teaching and then gave out what she deemed wise to the Western world." He also commented: "Here is the real Mahayana Buddhism."
In 1927 the staff of the 9th Panchen Lama Tub-ten Cho-gyi Nyima helped Theosophists put out the "Peking Edition" of The Voice of the Silence.
The 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso wrote in the preface to the 1989 Centenary edition of The Voice of the Silence, "I believe that this book has strongly influenced many sincere seekers and aspirants to the wisdom and compassion of the Bodhisattva Path."
Humphreys wrote: "The Buddhists and Theosophists of the West, all converts, be it noted, from some other faith, have much in common: The Voice of the Silence ('a pure Buddhist work', as the late Anagarika Dharmapala of Ceylon wrote to me, and the Dalai Lama signed my copy long ago) and Colonel Olcott's Buddhist Catechism."
According to Kalnitsky, the contents of The Voice of the Silence reflects "authentic Buddhist sentiment, even if not universally acknowledged as a pure Buddhist historical document."
Esoteric Buddhism
According to Lopez, the author of Esoteric Buddhism "has a broader view of the Buddha" than that of Western Buddhologists and scholars of Oriental studies. Sinnett stated that the Buddha is simply one of a row "of adepts who have appeared over the course of the centuries." Buddha's next incarnation happened approximately sixty years after his death. He appeared as Shankara, the well-known Vedantic philosopher. Sinnett noted that for the uninitiated it is known that date of Shankara's birth is one thousand years after Buddha's death, and that he was hostile to Buddhism. Sinnett wrote that the Buddha came as Shankara "to fill up some gaps and repair certain errors in his own previous teaching." The Buddha had departed "from the practice of earlier adepts by opening the path" to adeptship to men of all castes. "Although well intentioned, this led" to a deterioration of occult knowledge when it was penetrated into ignominious hands. Sinnett wrote that to further appeared a need "to take no candidates except from the class which, on the whole, by reason of its hereditary advantages, is likely to be the best nursery of fit candidates."Sinnett claimed that the Buddha's next incarnation was as the great Tibetan adept reformer of the 14th century Tsong-ka-pa.
Criticism
The existence of a hidden or esoteric teaching in Buddhism is not accepted by Theravadin Buddhists. For example, Rhys Davids wrote:
"In this connection I shall doubtless be expected to say a few words on Theosophy, if only because one of the books giving an account of that very curious and widely spread movement has been called Esoteric Buddhism. It has always been a point of wonder to me why the author should have chosen this particular title for his treatise. For if there is anything that can be said with absolute certainty about the book it is, that it is not esoteric, and not Buddhism. The original Buddhism was the very contrary of esoteric."
Guénon believed that Blavatskyan "theosophism" is a "confused mixture" of Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, Jewish Kabbalah, Hermeticism, and occultism. He wrote: "From the start this heteroclite mixture was presented as 'esoteric Buddhism'; but since it was still too easy to see that it presented only very vague relationships with true Buddhism."
Oldmeadow claimed:"Despite the legend which she and her hagiographers propagated, Blavatsky never stepped on Tibetan soil. Her claims that her later writings derived from Himalayan Mahatmas, forming a kind of Atlantean brotherhood residing in secrecy in a remote region of Tibet and with access to longhidden, antediluvian sources of esoteric wisdom, need not be treated seriously."
In 2015 Uditha Devapriya stated that Olcott's Buddhist Catechism was based on the Catholic Catechism, and his schools were by same institutions which he criticised: "This meant that the Buddhism he 'founded' was not the sort of Buddhism which Gunananda Thero began a journey to find."
See also
Buddhism and science
Buddhist modernism
Christianity and Theosophy
Esoteric Buddhism
"Is Theosophy a Religion?"
Theosophy and literature
Roerichism
Theosophy and Hinduism
Theosophy and Western philosophy
Vipassana movement
"What Is Theosophy?"
References
Notes
Citations
Sources
Further reading
Theosophy
Buddhism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism%20and%20Theosophy |
Oof is an album by the punk rock band Happy Flowers. It was released in 1989.
Track listing
"Stop Touching My Food"
"Unhappy Meal"
"Pickin' Scabs"
"There's a Soft Spot on the Baby's Head"
"Finger in My Crackerjacks"
"Ain't Got Nothin'"
"I Said I Wanna Watch Cartoons"
"My Arm Won't Wake Up"
"My Evil Twin"
"I'm Gonna Have an Accident"
"Let's Eat the Baby (Like My Gerbils Did)"
"BB Gun"
"Let Me Out"
"I Don't Wanna Go to School"
"Mrs. Lennon"
Personnel
John Beers ("Mr. Horribly Charred Infant") — vocals
Charlie Kramer ("Mr. Anus") — guitar
References
Happy Flowers albums
1989 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oof%20%28album%29 |
The Cornelius Low House (also called Ivy Hall) is a Georgian manor in Piscataway, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, built in 1741 at Raritan Landing. The Cornelius Low House is listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places. The house currently holds the Cornelius Low House/Middlesex County Museum.
History
Cornelius Low, Jr.
Cornelius Low Jr. (c. 1700–1777) was the third of fifteen children. His grandfather, Peter Cornellessen Low, left Holland for the American colonies in 1659 and settled near Kingston, New York. Peter's eldest son, Cornelius Low, moved to New York and established himself as a merchant. He married Margareta Van Borsum in 1695. During the 1720s, Cornelius Low, Jr. became a successful merchant in Newark, New Jersey. In 1729, he married Johanna Gouveneur and they made plans to move to the emerging port community of Raritan Landing, near New Brunswick. Having shipping capabilities, Low became one of the community's most prosperous businessmen.
During a great flood in 1738, Low lost his first home, located along the wharf near Landing Lane, in Raritan. Low obtained property for a new house on the bluff, opposite the Great Road (River Road) and overlooking the Landing. Low called the new home the “new house on the mountain,” referring to an entry in his family Bible. The new location allowed Low to keep a watchful eye on the activities at the wharves, and especially at his warehouse located between the river and the Great Road.
Cornelius Low died in early 1777, but the British spared his house because his loyalty to the King of England remained steadfast until his death.
Architecture
The main portion of the home measures forty feet by thirty feet and originally included a -story kitchen wing. When it was built, it was one of the largest and most expensive in the province of East Jersey. It was built with more than 350 tons of sandstone. While most of the homes at Raritan Landing had stone foundations, this was the only house to have been built entirely out of stone. Today, the community of Raritan Landing is all but forgotten. The remains of the once-thriving village lie beneath portions of Johnson Park and River Road. The Low House is one of two remaining structures from the Landing and is a vital link to Piscataway and Middlesex County history.
Low wished the front of his home to reflect his stature as one of the most influential and prosperous men of the community. To that end, a ledge, or sill course, sits approximately three feet up from the ground and encircles the house. This sill makes the house appear to be sitting on a pedestal. Low purchased large, rectangular blocks of high quality stone for the front facade (facing the river and the community of Raritan Landing), most likely quarried in the Newark area. Low was a frugal man and the only finely dressed stone is on the side of the house facing Raritan Landing. The other three sides were built of less expensive rubble stone, or irregular pieces that required minimal dressing.
Kitchen "ghost"
It is believed the Metlar family removed the kitchen wing around 1870.. A shadow, or kitchen "ghost," of the removed structure is visible on the exterior due to the different colored mortar between the stones. Within the shadow, an outline of the doorway that led into this room is visible. Due to its proximity to the kitchen, this room was most likely used primarily for dining or entertaining.
Delft tiles
The fireplaces in the Low House contain original 18th century Delft tiles. Delft tiles take their name from the city Delft, in Holland, where the tiles were first created in the 16th century. Until that time, tiles had been used as flooring and were made from red clay. By the end of the 16th century the tiles were used as wall tiles in many homes. Dutch houses were built near the water and, given the climate, tiles were ideal for keeping out the dampness and were used on the joining of walls and floors and for walls behind fireplaces..
Restoration
Preservation
The five families that have owned the property—the Lows, Pools, Metlars, Voorhees and the Strongs—took their charge very seriously. They were, for the most part, wealthier families who could economically afford the maintenance necessary with a property such as this. The Low House today is one of only two remaining structures from Raritan Landing, and is considered one of the finest examples of Georgian-style architecture in America.
In 1979, Middlesex County, New Jersey bought the house and grounds. Under the guidance and administration of the Middlesex County Cultural and Heritage Commission. The County acquired the Low House to use as a local heritage museum for discussing the history of New Jersey and its context within that of national events.
Exterior restoration
While the house was in fair condition when obtained by the county, some changes were made. A garage and pool were removed from the back yard, and a new parking area was created next to the building. The ivy, which caused people to refer to the house as “Ivy Hall,” was removed. The entire roof, including the badly deteriorated support structure, was replaced in 1982–1983. Cedar shingles replaced the slate tiles that had been put on decades earlier. In 1987–1988, restoration replicas were installed to replace badly worn windows on the side of the house facing the water.
During the 1990s, a massive restoration was initiated to address major issues plaguing the Low House. In 1995, the Cultural and Heritage Commission and the Board of Chosen Freeholders accepted a grant from the New Jersey State Historic Trust for the restoration of the Low House. Under the guidance of Ford Farwell Mills and Gatch architects of Princeton, the restoration took place between 1995 and 1996. The Commission also installed new landscaping and built an "interpretive path," which included installations that tell the history of the house. The front facade was also repointed.
The first and second floor windows are approximately three inches off square and appear crooked. Originally, the two basement windows closest to the front entrance were doorways. These allowed access to the basement for Low's servants and workers so that certain goods could be stored there rather than in the warehouse along the Great Road. The front yard has since been substantially filled but the doorway outlines are still visible in the basement. Sometime after Low's death, these doorways were altered and turned into windows. Subsequently, the house settled and these windows are no longer square. In the mid-1980s, the front windows, having been severely exposed to the elements, were replaced. Rather than square up the window openings, the restoration firm installed fully functional, though crooked, windows in their place.
Interior restoration
From 1995 through most of 1996, Arvid Myhre Building Construction Company of Frenchtown, New Jersey completed the physical rehabilitation of the house. 26 layers of paint were stripped from the woodwork which was then repainted in historically accurate colors. Behind-the-scenes work included complete upgrades of heating and cooling systems, new electrical wiring encased in metal conduit, a state-of-the-art dry-feed fire suppression system, and new plumbing and water supply systems. Additionally, an exhibit system was fabricated to protect the original plaster walls, while still allowing the museum to install changing exhibitions.
Archaeology
Prior to restoration, an archaeological study of the grounds was undertaken, led by Hunter Research of Trenton. These digs yielded a wide variety of objects including clay pipe fragments, Delft tiles, glass pieces, and a British military button. The artifacts would help give more clues to what was going on in and around this house over the years, and would also confirm previous theories and thoughts regarding its history.
Timeline
1738 Cornelius Low purchases of land from William Williamson, on the bluff overlooking Landing Lane
1741 Low moves into his "new house on the mountain" and remains there until his death in 1777
1793 John Pool purchases the property from Cornelius Low's son, Nicholas Low
1871 George W. Metlar acquires the house from John Adams Pool's widow for $14,000
1916 Anna Voorhees obtains the house through sale from the Metlar family
1937 The house was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey
1965 Stephen Van Rensselaer Strong purchases the property from Theodore Voorhees for $1
1979 Middlesex County, New Jersey takes title to the house, buying it from Stephen's widow, Marianne Strong, for $160,000
References
External links
Middlesex County Office of Arts and History: Cornelius Low House
Houses completed in 1741
Historic house museums in New Jersey
Museums in Middlesex County, New Jersey
Low
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Historic American Buildings Survey in New Jersey
Georgian architecture in New Jersey
Low
National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, New Jersey
Piscataway, New Jersey
Stone houses in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius%20Low%20House |
Paulinerkirche may refer to:
Paulinerkirche, Göttingen
Paulinerkirche, Leipzig | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulinerkirche |
Gayla Reid (born 12 May 1945) is an Australian-born Canadian writer.
Biography
Born and raised in Armidale, New South Wales, Reid was educated at the University of New England, Australian National University and the University of British Columbia. Remaining in Canada, she was active in the country's feminist movement, editing the newspaper Kinesis and the literary journal Room of One's Own and teaching women's studies at Vancouver Community College.
She began publishing fiction in the early 1990s, winning the Journey Prize in 1993 for her short story "Sister Doyle's Men". In 1994, she published her first short story collection, To Be There With You, which was a winner of the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize in 1995. All the Seas of the World and Closer Apart were finalists for the Ethel Wilson fiction prize in 2001 and 2002. Come from Afar was published to critical acclaim in 2011. According to jury citation, Gayla Reid stands out for her stunningly beautiful language and her ability to depict places such as Canada, Australia, Vietnam etc. She also described a state of mind, an evocation of a particular character's relationship to land, people and time. Her fiction combines the poetry of language and observation with the force of highly-accomplished and compelling narrative.
Reid is represented by the Carolyn Swayze Literary Agency.
Awards
1993, Journey Prize
1995, Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize
2005, Marian Engel Award
Selected bibliography
To Be There With You. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 1994.
All the Seas of the World. Toronto: Stoddart, 2001.
Closer Apart. Toronto: Stoddart, 2002.
Come from Afar. Toronto: Comorant, 2011.
References
1945 births
People from Armidale
20th-century Australian novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Australian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
Australian feminist writers
Australian women novelists
Australian women short story writers
Canadian feminist writers
Canadian women novelists
Canadian women short story writers
Living people
University of New England (Australia) alumni
Australian National University alumni
University of British Columbia alumni
20th-century Canadian women writers
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
20th-century Australian women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayla%20Reid |
Toopy and Binoo () is a Canadian children's book series created by Dominique Jolin in 1994. In collaboration with Raymond Lebrun, it has been developed as an After Effect animated series produced by Echo Média (formerly Spectra Animation) and broadcast by PBS Kids and Treehouse in English and Télé-Québec in French. Another television series was produced as a live-action spin-off show titled Toopy and Binoo Vroom Vroom Zoom, produced by Echo Média (formerly Spectra Animation) which was developed into a mobile app still available for iOS. The show was licensed by American Public Television in 2009 for distribution to public television stations in the United States.
A total of 175 episodes were produced overall. A film adaptation based on the series titled Toopy and Binoo: The Movie was released on August 11, 2023 in Canadian theaters.
Plot
Toopy and Binoo is an animated series based on the popular book series created by Dominique Jolin. Toopy is a funny, friendly, optimistic, impulsive mouse whose insatiable zest for life is matched only by his love for his best friend, Binoo. Binoo is a lovable cat who is logical, sensible, and thinks before he acts. Binoo is devoted to his best friend Toopy. The characters are charming and endearing. The kindness, respect, and gentle aspects of childhood friendship are emphasized as the friends explore and discover the world around them with their colorful adventures. Toopy and Binoo allows for learning in a non-didactic manner. Individual segments are approximately five minutes in length, but five of them are frequently paired together into one 24-minute episode, both on television and DVD releases, and the mini-movies have other characters talk besides Toopy.
There are also short 2-minute episodes that are seen on the website in the second season, where, there are either "Magic You", "Captain You", or "Fabulous You" segments, featuring Toopy and Binoo as space captains, fairies, or, as superheroes who make things right by using magic (Toopy sometimes ends it by doing the same thing that's wrong on himself which he doesn't even notice), and they use the magic wand from "Godmother Toopy", explore things in their house and pretend to find out what they are, and, Binoo sometimes reveals what they are, such as a pillow, where, they use the same uniforms they had in "Strange New World", but, instead, the object they find is the entire form of the planet, and, help their friends when they have nothing to play with by playing games they can use with themselves. They use the same uniforms they had in "Super Toopy", but, Binoo looks a lot like Super Toopy, also. The segments encourage viewers (referred to in the show as "Magic You", "Captain You", or, "Fabulous You") to participate in the adventures and use their imaginations. Each DVD that has two half-hour specials has two of each of these three short mini-episode adventures, starting in this order: "Magic You", "Captain You", and then, "Fabulous You".
History
Toupie et Binou was the original title of the children's books collection written by Dominique Jolin.
Binoo had his own book series. Echo Media (formerly Spectra Animation) then brought them to television, both in English versions, dubbing their English names to Toopy and Binoo.
Seasons 1 and 2 have been broadcast in over 179 countries and dubbed into 30 languages, 1 million DVD's have been sold and YouTube videos have reached nearly 350 million views, for a total of 1.35 billion minutes viewed.
A third season of the television series, entiltled, Toopy and Binoo Vroom Vroom Zoom is produced in live 3D mode. Two Toopy and Binoo live shows, Marshmallow Moon and Fun and Games were presented across Canada and sold over 250,000 tickets.
A feature film produced by Echo Media titled Toopy and Binoo: The Movie was released on August 11, 2023.
Characters
Toopy (voiced by Frank Meschkuleit) is a funny, friendly, optimistic, impulsive mouse whose insatiable zest for life is matched only by his love for his best friend, Binoo. He is one of the stars of the show. He has a wide imagination and takes Binoo to imaginary places created by the both of them and loves many different things, such as going on adventures with Binoo. Toopy is shown to really enjoy life in the show, and has a laugh line used in the credits, and some of the episodes. He is the only one to have a voice actor, who also voices every character in Dragon.
Binoo is a small white cat who is one of the stars of the show and does not speak. Binoo is a lovable cat who is logical, sensible, and thinks before he acts. Binoo is devoted to his best friend Toopy. He communicates with signs and he also has a stuffed toy called "Patchy-Patch". He enjoys Patchy-Patch, reading books, and going on adventures.
Episodes
Series overview
Season 1 (2005)
In bubble transitions of each episode, there are scenarios of Toopy and Binoo playing with bubbles.
Season 2 (2006)
References
External links
The official Toopy and Binoo website
Toopy & Binoo IMDB (TV Series 2005)
Official website of Dominique Jolin
Official website of Raymond Lebrun
2000s Canadian animated television series
2000s Canadian children's television series
2005 Canadian television series debuts
2006 Canadian television series endings
Animated television series about cats
Animated television series about mice and rats
Canadian children's animated comedy television series
Canadian children's animated fantasy television series
Canadian flash animated television series
Canadian preschool education television series
Canadian television shows based on children's books
Animated preschool education television series
2000s preschool education television series
English-language television shows
PBS Kids shows
Television about magic
Television shows about dreams
Treehouse TV original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toopy%20and%20Binoo |
Magni is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
Arturo Magni (1925–2015), Italian engineer and entrepreneur
Caterina Magni (born 1966), Italian-born French archaeologist and anthropologist
Cesare Magni (14951534), Italian painter
Claude Magni (born 1950), French cyclist
Eva Magni (1909–2005), Italian stage and film actress
Fabio Magni (born 1967), Italian equestrian
Fiorenzo Magni (19202012), Italian bicycle racer
Gabriele Magni (born 1973), Italian fencer
Giovanni Battista Magni (1592–1674), also known as Il Modenino, Italian painter, active in Rome
Giovanni Pietro Magni (1655 - 1722/1724), German stuccoist born in Switzerland
Lodovico Magni (1618–1680), Roman Catholic prelate
Luigi Magni (19282013), Italian screenwriter
Nicholas Magni (13551435), Silesian theologian
Oreste Magni (1936-1975), Italian racing cyclist
Piero Magni (1898-1988), Italian aeronautical engineer
Pietro Magni (disambiguation), various people
Riccardo Magni (born 1976), Italian wrestler
Secondo Magni (1912-1997), Italian racing cyclist
Given name:
Magni Ásgeirsson (born 1978), Icelandic singer/musician and a contestant in the CBS show Rock Star: Supernova
Magni Wentzel (born 1945), Norwegian jazz musician
Other uses:
Magni (comics), a Marvel Comics character
Móði and Magni, the sons of Thor and Jarnsaxa in Norse mythology
See also
9670 Magni, an asteroid
Magni Grenivík, an Icelandic football team
Magnicharters, an airline company based in Mexico City
Magni Gyro, Italian manufacturer of autogyros:
Magni M-14 Scout
Magni M-16 Tandem Trainer
Magni M-18 Spartan
Magni M-24 Orion
Magni Vale, an Italian civil monoplane
Magni Vittoria, Italian experimental, single seat, parasol wing aircraft
Magnis (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magni |
Robert "Bob" Ostertag (born April 19, 1957) is a musician, writer, and political activist based in San Francisco. He has published seven books, one feature film, a DVD, twenty-six albums, and collaborated with numerous musicians.
Musically, he is known for his politically charged compositions created from found sound (Sooner or Later, All the Rage), his work with synthesizers over 45 years (from Bob Ostertag Plays the Serge 1978-1983 to Wish You Were Here in 2016), and his many collaborations (Anthony Braxton, John Zorn, Fred Frith, Justin Vivian Bond, Shelley Hirsch, and Roscoe Mitchell to name just a few).
In his writing, films, and podcasts, he has addressed LGBT issues, poverty, climate change, and technology, from a militant yet non-ideological perspective.
On March 25, 2006, Ostertag made all of his recordings to which he owns the rights available as digital downloads under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 license.
Early career
Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and raised in Colorado, Ostertag studied at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. At Oberlin, he worked with an early Buchla 200 synthesizer. Thirty-six years later, Ostertag's student work with the Buchla was remixed by techno DJ RRose and released under the title The Surgeon General. While at Oberlin he built a Serge synthesizer and began doing improvisational performances with it, along with Ned Rothenberg on reeds and Jim Katzin on violin. In 1979 this work was released by Parachute Records under the title Early Fall.
In 1978 he dropped out of Oberlin to tour Europe with Anthony Braxton's Creative Music Orchestra, which had just won the 1977 DownBeat Critics' Poll Album of the Year. Ostertag's work playing the Serge synthesizer with Braxton is documented on Creative Orchestra (Köln) 1978.
Later that same year, Ostertag relocated to New York City, where he befriended John Zorn, Fred Frith, Zeena Parkins, Ikue Mori, Wayne Horvitz, Toshinori Kondo, and numerous other musicians interested in collaborative improvisation. Ostertag was not the first musician to perform live with a keyboard-less modular synthesizer, but he was the first person to make it his main instrument in the context of free improvised music.
In 1980, Ostertag released Getting a Head with guitarist Fred Frith and percussionist Charles K. Noyes. Here Ostertag played an "instrument" of his own creation involved three reel-to-reel tape recorders, an audio mixer, and six helium balloons. The instrument was a sort of analog sculptural sampler, which allowed live manipulation of sound recorded on the fly that no conventional sampler was capable of at the time.
Following the release of Getting a Head, Ostertag became the first of his generation of musicians to have his work presented at The Kitchen, at the time New York City's premiere venue for new music.
At the same time, Ostertag was experimenting with improvising using the looped cassette tapes used in the telephone answering machines of the day, played in a collection of cheap portable cassette recorders, each one modified to malfunction in a different way. This led to the 1981 release of Voice of America, recorded at concerts in New York and London, with Fred Frith and vocalist Phil Minton. Ostertag's use of politically charged news snippets presaged the common use of such material later in the decade in hip hop
Central America
With his sudden success came a greater involvement in politics, specifically in the turbulent revolutions and counter-revolutions of Central America in the 1980s. As Ostertag became increasingly involved in such political issues, and increasingly dissatisfied with the music industry, he threw himself into the effort to overthrow the military dictatorship in El Salvador, and for nearly ten years abandoned music altogether.
Ostertag eventually became an expert on the political crisis in Central America and published widely for a diverse range of publications, including Pensamiento Propio (Nicaragua), Pensamiento Critico (Puerto Rico), The Guardian (London), the Weekly Mail (South Africa), Mother Jones and the NACLA Report on the Americas (US), AMPO (Japan), and even the clandestine theoretical journal of the New People's Army in the Philippines. He alternated his time in Central America with organizing and public speaking in the US, giving lectures at Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Rutgers, and many other schools and institutions.
His reporting on the bombing of rebel-held areas in El Salvador won a “Most Censored Story of the Year” award from Project Censored.
Oliver Stone’s Salvador (1986) features James Woods in the lead role as the Pacific News Service correspondent in El Salvador, the position Ostertag held.
Some of his writings from Central America are included in his 2009 book of collected essays, Creative Life: Music, Politics, People, and Machines.
Return to music
Ostertag returned to music in 1988 when Frith persuaded him to join Frith's review band, Keep the Dog. He also appeared in Nicolas Humbert and Werner Penzel's 1990 documentary film on Frith, Step Across the Border. Ostertag released Attention Span in 1990, featuring Frith on guitars and John Zorn on saxophone.
His experiences in El Salvador led to his composition Sooner or Later, a musique concréte tour de force made from a recording of a young boy burying his father in El Salvador. The German newspaper Die Zeit said, "Bob Ostertag did not simply create a political piece but a musical reality, in which sampling technology is used in a significant way for the first time. The music encircles reality, decomposes it into music and recomposes it until reality is no longer able to escape. It is this clarity that makes Sooner or Later great music, a music that has something to do with life again."
In 1992, The Kronos Quartet commissioned a new work from Ostertag. This commission produced the landmark work All the Rage. Ostertag composed the piece using a recording of the AB101 Veto Riot in San Francisco. Ostertag originally conceived the composition as a collaboration with writer/painter/photographer/film maker David Wojnarowicz, but David was ill with AIDS. When David died before the collaboration could take place, Ostertag made a second, solo piece from the riot recordings, Burns Like Fire, and dedicated it to Wojnarowicz. The cover art was a Wojnarowicz painting.
The Kronos Quartet presented the world premiere of All the Rage at Lincoln Center in 1993. New York Times critic Bernard Holland wrote: "Bob Ostertag’s All the Rage turned the evening on its head with a devastating roar of gay anger. Of recent concert pieces having to do with AIDS, All the Rage seems by far the most powerful example. Mr. Ostertag’s stern, purifying gaze has swept away the sentimentality and melodrama that have compromised more famous compositions in the genre."
In 1993 The Kronos Quartet released All the Rage as a CD under the same title. Once again, the cover art was a Wojnarowicz painting.
Ostertag went on to compose Spiral, setting to music the last writing of David Wojnarowicz. In the text, Wojnarowicz describes experiencing his own dying as turning into glass. Ostertag composed the work for a chamber ensemble of glass instruments he commissioned from Oliver DiCicco. Many of the instruments were destroyed in transit after a performance in Switzerland, so Spiral was never recorded.
In 1993, Ostertag formed a quartet with vocalist Phil Minton, bassist Mark Dresser, percussionist Gerry Hemingway. The music was composed using a novel method: Minton, Dresser, and Hemingway recorded separate improvisations with no instruction from Ostertag; using the earliest digital audio workstation software, Ostertag blew up the recordings into fragments which he stitched back together as ensemble compositions, which was released as Say No More in 1993, again using art by Wojnarowicz on the cover. Ostertag then gathered the musicians and, using the computer recording as a "score," rehearsed and toured the music, eventually recording a live performance which was released in 1994 by ORF Radio as Say No More In Person. Ostertag then took that recording, blew it up, and put the pieces back together in a new composition released in 1996 as Verbatim, a live performance recording of which was released in 2000 as Verbatim Flesh & Blood. The All Music Guide states, "With Say No More, Ostertag elevated the sampler to the rank of musical instrument and gained recognition as a true visionary that cannot be ignored. The border between free improvisation and musique concrete will never be the same. Any serious fan of avant-garde music needs to hear this, one of the rare avant-garde albums where the relevance of the artistic argument equals the relevance of the result."
In 2012 Ostertag developed this method of composing with fragments of recorded improvisations further with A Book of Hours. Commissioned by WDR 3 open: studio akustische kunst in Köln, the work was a collaboration with Theo Bleckmann, Shelley Hirsch, and Phil Minton (voice), and Roscoe Mitchell (reeds). The British music magazine The Wire said A Book of Hours delivered “the sophisticated and earnest best of what experimental music always offers but rarely delivers. 50 minutes of thought, weirdness, and formal precision.”
Of all Ostertag's project, perhaps the most unlikely was PantyChrist, a completely improvised trio featuring Tokyo-based DJ and guitarist Otomo Yoshihide and transgender cabaret icon Justin Vivian Bond.
At the end of the 1990s, Ostertag combined his music and multi-media work with his international journalism in the creation of Yugoslavia Suite, his reaction to the civil wars that broke up former Yugoslavia. His journal of his harrowing concert tour of Yugoslavia Suite in ex-Yugoslavia shortly after the fighting ended was published first as a cover story of The Wire, and then included in his book Creative Life: Music, Politics, People, and Machines.
In 2000, Ostertag began a twelve year collaboration called Living Cinema with Quebecois film maker Pierre Hébert. Using a beta version of the programming which was eventually released as Max/MSP/Jitter. Ostertag and Hebert created a novel method to combine painting and drawing, stop-motion animation, and real-time digital video processing into a live performance during which an animated "film" was projected as it was created. Similar techniques are now used by a number of video artists and VJs. Living Cinema toured extensively for many years in North and South America, Europe and Asia. A Living Cinema DVD was released on John Zorn' Tzadik label in 2004.
Ostertag has maintained an interest in electronic instruments throughout his career, leading to a close lifelong friendship with synthesizer pioneer Don Buchla, who was designing a new instrument for Ostertag when he died in 2016. In addition to Buchla and Serge synthesizers, Ostertag has worked extensively with the Ensoniq ASR-10 sampler and the virtual synthesizer Aalto. He has also created numerous software instruments of his own using Max/MSP. The many recordings which highlight these instruments include Bob Ostertag Plays the Serge 1978-1983, Motormouth: Bob Ostertag plays the Buchla 200e, Bob Ostertag Plays the Aalto, Like a Melody, No Bitterness (using the Ensoniq ASR-10). and DJ of the Month](using Ostertag's own software instrument), and many more.
In 2011, Ostertag released a collaborative EP released on underground techno label Sandwell District with artist Rrose. Her interpretation of Ostertag's work was well received by critics, which led to another collaborative EP, released during the summer of 2012, entitled "The Surgeon General."
Writing
Ostertag’s first book was the anonymously published The Yes Men: The True Story of the End of the World Trade Organization (2004).
In 2006 he published a history of radical journalism in the US, People's Movements, People's Press: The Journalism of Social Justice Movements.
In 2009 he published a semi-autobiographical collection of essays on music, politics, and technology, Creative Life: Music, Politics, People, and Machines.
In 2012 he co-authored Raising Expectations (And Raising Hell), My Decade Fighting for the Labor Movement. with Jane McAlevey. The book was named "the most valuable book of 2012" by The Nation magazine.
In 2016, he published Sex Science Self: A Social History of Estrogen, Testosterone, and Identity.
In 2020, at the peak of the Covid pandemic, he published A Home Yoga Companion: How to Safely Develop Your Own Yoga Practice While Stuck at Home During a Global Pandemic. The book was published as a free e-book by PM Press.
In February of 2021, his new book "Facebooking the Anthropocene in Raja Ampat: Technics and Civilization in the 21st Century" was released.
For many years he wrote a blog on The Huffington Post.
Feature Film
In 2019, Bob Ostertag premiered his documentary, Thanks to Hank about the life of artist and activist Hank Wilson. It features music by the Kronos Quartet, Carla Kihlstedt, and The Tin Hat Trio, and animation by Jeremy Rourk].
Podcasts
Ostertag runs two podcasts. What's Been Done and What's Been Won covers poverty in the US and Detroit in particular, the home of his podcast collaborate Maureen Taylor, who is state chair of the Michigan Welfare Rights Organization.You Make Me Real: Queer Lives of the San Francisco Bay, features oral histories of longtime Bay Area LGBT residents.
Teaching
Ostertag is professor emeritus of technocultural studies at UC Davis.
Discography
Solo improvisations
Like a Melody, No Bitterness: Bob Ostertag Solo Volume 1 (1997)
DJ of the Month: Bob Ostertag Solo Volume 2 (2003)
Compositions
Sooner or Later (1991)
Burns Like Fire (companion piece to All the Rage) (1992)
All the Rage (1993)
Dear Prime Minister (1998)
Say No More 1 & 2 (2002)
Say No More 3 & 4 (2002)
w00t (2007)
Motormouth (2011)
Bob Ostertag Plays the Aalto (2013)
Wish You Were Here (2016)
Bands
Fear No Love (with Mike Patton, Fred Frith, Justin Bond, Lynn Breedlove, et al.) (1995)
PantyChrist (with Otomo Yoshihide and Justin Bond) (1999)
Collaborations
Fall Mountain: Early Fall (with Ned Rothenberg and Jim Katzin) (1979)
Getting a Head (with Charles Noyes and Fred Frith) (1980)
Voice of America (with Fred Frith and Phil Minton) (1982)
Attention Span (with John Zorn and Fred Frith) (1990)
Twins! (with Otomo Yoshihide) (1996)
DVD / Video
Living Cinema presents Between Science and Garbage (with Pierre Hébert) (2002)
Appearances on compilations
AngelicA 1994 (with John Zorn and Fred Frith) (1994)
AngelicA 1997 (with Mike Patton and Otomo Yoshihide) (1997)
Performing the works of other composers
With Anthony Braxton
Creative Orchestra (Köln) 1978 (hatART, 1978 [1995])
With Eugene Chadbourne
The English Channel (Parachute, 1978)
With Fred Frith
Keep the Dog: That House We Lived In (2003)
With Christian Wolff
Burdocks (Tzadik, 2001)
With John Zorn
Pool (Parachute, 1980 – reissued Tzadik, 2003)
The Parachute Years (Tzadik, 1997)
Books
Facebooking the Anthropocene in Raja Ampat: Technics and Civilization in the 21st Century, by Bob Ostertag, PM Press, 2021, .
A Home Yoga Companion: How to Safely Develop Your Own Yoga Practice While Stuck at Home During a Global Pandemic, by Bob Ostertag, PM Press, 2020.
Sex Science Self: A Social History of Estrogen, Testosterone, and Identity, by Bob Ostertag, University of Massachusetts Press, 2016.
Raising Expectations (and Raising Hell): My Decade Fighting for the Labor Movement, by Jane McAlevey and Bob Ostertag, Verso Press, 2012.
Creative Life: Music, Politics, People, and Machines, by Bob Ostertag, University of Illinois Press, 2009, .
People's Movements, People's Press: The Journalism of Social Justice Movements, by Bob Ostertag, Beacon Press, 2006, .
The Yes Men: The True Story of the End of the World Trade Organization, published anonymously as The Yes Men, Disinformation Press, 2004.
Notes
External links
Official Site
1957 births
Living people
American emigrants to El Salvador
Musicians from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Creative Commons-licensed authors
American LGBT rights activists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Ostertag |
Ƴ (minuscule: ƴ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from Y with the addition of a hook. It is used in some African languages, such as Fula and Hausa, to represent a palatalized glottal stop, .
The placement of the hook on the capital Ƴ
The original Unicode charts showed the hook on the left, while most use in Africa had it on the right, as reflected in the 1978 African reference alphabet. The Unicode usage apparently followed that shown in ISO 6438, but it is not clear where the latter got it. The form used in the code charts was later changed to show the hook on the right side.
Alternative representations
An alternative representation of the sound is y. This is used in the orthographies of Hausa and Fula in Nigeria, while ƴ is used in Niger for Hausa, and in most of West Africa for Fula. See also: Pan-Nigerian alphabet
In the orthography for languages of Guinea (pre-1985), yh was used instead of ƴ.
See also
Alphabets with this letter
African reference alphabet
Alphabets for the following specific languages:
Fula (see also Fula orthographies)
Hausa (only in Niger, not in Nigeria)
Notes
References
"African Reference Alphabet" (Niamey 1978)
"Latin Extended B: Range 0180-024F" (Unicode code chart)
"Variants for Hooktop Y (U+01B3 and U+01B4)" (SIL, NRSI)
Y | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%B3 |
Marilou Awiakta (born January 24, 1936 in Knoxville, Tennessee) is an American writer known for her poetry and essays about her experiences growing up in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Biography and career
Marilou Awiakta is the seventh generation of her family to grow up in Appalachia, mostly in East Tennessee. Since 1730, her family has lived in the mountainous area of the state. She writes that she is of Scotch-Irish, Appalachian, and Eastern Band Cherokee descent. She self-identifies as Eastern Cherokee, but Awiakta is not a citizen of the Eastern Cherokee Tribe.
Awiakta graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1958 receiving a B.A. magna cum laude, in both English and French.
Awards
Distinguished Tennessee Writer Award, 1989
Appalachian Heritage Writer's Award, Shepherd College, 2000
Books
Abiding Appalachia: Where Mountain and Atom Meet. Memphis: Saint Luke's Press, 1978. Rpt. Bell Buckle, TN: Iris Press, 1995. 71 pp. Rp. 2006 Pocahontas Press, 65 pp.
Rising Fawn and the Fire Mystery: A Child's Christmas in Memphis, 1833. Memphis: Saint Luke's Press, 1983.
Selu: Seeking the Corn-Mother's Wisdom. Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 1993. A blend of story, essay, and poetry.
Analysis
Awiakta's poetry is analysed at length in Our Fire Survives the Storm by Daniel Heath Justice (Cherokee Nation).
References
American people who self-identify as being of Cherokee descent
1936 births
Living people
Writers from Knoxville, Tennessee
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American women poets
Poets from Tennessee
University of Tennessee alumni
American expatriates in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilou%20Awiakta |
The Beaufort cipher, created by Sir Francis Beaufort, is a substitution cipher similar to the Vigenère cipher, with a slightly modified enciphering mechanism and tableau. Its most famous application was in a rotor-based cipher machine, the Hagelin M-209. The Beaufort cipher is based on the Beaufort square which is essentially the same as a Vigenère square but in reverse order starting with the letter "Z" in the first row, where the first row and the last column serve the same purpose.
Using the cipher
To encrypt, first choose the plaintext character from the top row of the tableau; call this column P. Secondly, travel down column P to the corresponding key letter K. Finally, move directly left from the key letter to the left edge of the tableau, the ciphertext encryption of plaintext P with key K will be there.
For example if encrypting plain text character "d" with key "m" the steps would be:
find the column with "d" on the top,
travel down that column to find key "m",
travel to the left edge of the tableau to find the ciphertext letter ("K" in this case).
To decrypt, the process is reversed. Unlike the otherwise very similar Vigenère cipher, the Beaufort cipher is a reciprocal cipher, that is, decryption and encryption algorithms are the same. This obviously reduces errors in handling the table which makes it useful for encrypting larger volumes of messages by hand, for example in the manual DIANA crypto system, used by U.S. Special Forces during the Vietnam War (compare DIANA-table in the image).
In the above example in the column with "m" on top one would find in the reciprocal "d" row the ciphertext "K". The same is true for decryption where ciphertext "K" combined with key "m" results in plaintext "d" as well as combining "K" with "d" results in "m". This results in "trigram" combinations where two parts suffice to identify the third. After eliminating the identical trigrams only 126 of the initial 676 combinations remain (see below) and could be memorized in any order (e.g. AMN can be memorized as "man" and CIP as "pic") to speed up encoding and decoding.
AAZ ABY ACX ADW AEV AFU AGT AHS AIR AJQ AKP ALO AMN
BBX BCW BDV BEU BFT BGS BHR BIQ BJP BKO BLN BMM BZZ
CCV CDU CET CFS CGR CHQ CIP CJO CKN CLM CYZ
DDT DES DFR DGQ DHP DIO DJN DKM DLL DXZ DYY
EER EFQ EGP EHO EIN EJM EKL EWZ EXY
FFP FGO FHN FIM FJL FKK FVZ FWY FXX
GGN GHM GIL GJK GUZ GVY GWX
HHL HIK HJJ HTZ HUY HVX HWW
IIJ ISZ ITY IUX IVW
JRZ JSY JTX JUW JVV
KQZ KRY KSX KTW KUV
LPZ LQY LRX LSW LTV LUU
MOZ MPY MQX MRW MSV MTU
NNZ NOY NPX NQW NRV NSU NTT
OOX OPW OQV ORU OST
PPV PQU PRT PSS
QQT QRS
RRR
Algebraic description
The Beaufort cipher can be described algebraically. For example, using an encoding of the letters – as the numbers 0–25 and using addition modulo 26, let be the characters of the message, be the characters of the cipher text and be the characters of the key, repeated if necessary. Then Beaufort encryption can be written,
.
Similarly, decryption using the key ,
.
Decrypting as a Vigenere cipher
Due to the similarities between the Beaufort cipher and the Vigenère cipher it is possible, after applying a transformation, to solve it as a Vigenère cipher. By replacing every letter in the ciphertext and key with its opposite letter (such that 'a' becomes 'z', 'b' becomes 'y' etc.; i.e. an Atbash-transformation) it can be solved like a Vigenère cipher.
Distinguished from 'variant Beaufort'
The Beaufort cipher should not be confused with the "variant Beaufort" cipher. In variant Beaufort, encryption is performed by performing the decryption step of the standard Vigenère cipher, and likewise decryption is performed by using Vigenère encryption.
References
Cryptographic algorithms
Classical ciphers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort%20cipher |
The captopril challenge test (CCT) is a non-invasive medical test that measures the change in renin plasma-levels in response to administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used to assist in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. It is not generally considered a useful test for children, and more suitable options are available for adult cases.
Procedure
Plasma concentration of renin is measured prior to and following the administration of captopril. The CCT is considered positive if the renin levels increase substantially or the baseline renin level is abnormally high. An abnormal captopril test is indicative of the presence of renovascular disease.
In adults
CCT in adults is known to have high sensitivity, but a low specificity.
Subtraction angiography is considered a more suitable test for renal artery stenosis in adults.
See also
Captopril suppression test - used to diagnose primary aldosteronism
References
Blood tests
Dynamic endocrine function tests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril%20challenge%20test |
Alfred R. Berkeley, III (born in 1944) is an American businessman who was president of NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. from 1996 until 2000 and later vice-chair of the NASDAQ from 2000 to 2003. Currently, Berkeley is Chairman of Princeton Capital Management, LLC. Berkeley was also director of RealPage, Inc.
Education and career
Berkeley graduated from Episcopal High School and then earned a B.A. from the University of Virginia. He received his M.B.A. from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Berkeley is Chairman of Princeton Capital Management. Berkeley is also Chairman of Noxilizer, Inc. Formerly, Berkeley was chairman of the board of Pipeline Financial Group, Inc. the parent of Pipeline Trading Systems LLC, an equities and options trading system designed to hide the presence of large orders in the market.
He was appointed vice-chair of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. in July 2000, serving through July 2003, and served as President of NASDAQ from 1996 until 2000.
Before NASDAQ, Berkeley was a General Partner and then a managing director of Alex. Brown & Sons, an investment bank.
He was a Captain in the 438th Military Airlift Wing of the United States Air Force from 1968 to 1972. He served in the USAF Reserve from 1978 to 1980, as a Major.
Berkeley was a trustee of the Johns Hopkins University, was on the board of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, LLC. and is a Trustee of Allen University in Columbia, South Carolina. He served as vice-chairman and Acting Chairman of the President's National Infrastructure Advisory Council. He was a Director of The World Economic Forum USA and was Chairman of XBRL US, a non-profit established to set standards for GAAP taxonomies to be used by public companies to report to the US Securities and Exchange Commission. He was a director of XBRL International. He was a Director of Realpage, Inc., Security First Corp., Gentag, Inc. and Chesapeake Bay Outward Bound School, Inc. He is also on the board of the American Resilience Project, which produces documentaries on climate change. He is a director of Differential Dynamics, Inc. He was a trustee of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and was a trustee of the Nature Conservancy. Berkeley was a member of the board of directors of WebEx Communication, Inc., ACI Worldwide, Inc., Policy Management Systems Corporation, Safeguard Scientific, Inc., Comshare, Inc., Cognos, Inc., Edgar Online and Kintera, Inc. He served as a member of the Public Affairs Advisory Group for the Director of the National Science Foundation and a member of a sub-committee of the Future of Science Committee for the Secretary of Energy. He served as Vice Chair of the Evaluation Committee for the National Medal of Technology and Innovation. He has testified before the Joint Committee on Economics of the United States Congress, and before the House Science Committee, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Committee on Homeland Security. He served on the International Advisory Council for the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Berkeley is a member of the Board of Visitors of the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland and was a Trustee of Hollins University.
In October 2011, Pipeline reached a settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission over allegations that a Pipeline affiliate called Milstream may have traded with Pipeline customer orders without adequate disclosure. Mr. Berkeley agreed to pay the SEC $100,000 to settle the matter.
References
External links
Berkeley biography at Mathematical Sciences Research Institute
Berkeley Confesses to Placing Cow on the Rotunda
American financial businesspeople
Living people
The Cavalier Daily
University of Virginia alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
1944 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Berkeley |
David Blair Kirk (born 1960) is a computer scientist and former chief scientist and vice president of architecture at NVIDIA. As of 2019, he is an independent consultant and advisor.
Kirk holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the California Institute of Technology. From 1989 to 1991, Kirk was an engineer for Apollo Systems Division of Hewlett-Packard. From 1993 to 1996, Kirk was Chief Scientist and Head of Technology for Crystal Dynamics, a video game manufacturing company. From 1997 to 2009 he was NVIDIA's chief scientist and he is an NVIDIA Fellow.
In 2002, Kirk received the ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award for his significant contributions to bringing high performance graphics hardware to the mass market. In 2006, Kirk was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for his role in bringing high-performance graphics to personal computers.
Kirk is the inventor of 50 patents and patent applications relating to graphics design and underlying graphics algorithms.
Books
References
External links
NVIDIA Corporate Biography
1960 births
Living people
Nvidia people
Computer graphics professionals
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Kirk%20%28scientist%29 |
Ralph Foster "Cy" Perkins (February 27, 1896 – October 2, 1963) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball most notably for the Philadelphia Athletics. Perkins batted and threw right-handed, stood tall and weighed . He was born in Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Perkins served as a catcher with the Philadelphia Athletics (1915, 1917–30), New York Yankees (1931) and Detroit Tigers (1934). He was the starting catcher for Philadelphia until Mickey Cochrane joined the team in 1925. After that Perkins served as a backup, being hailed as the man who taught Cochrane to catch without injuring his hands. He also was a member of the Athletics' World Series champion teams in 1929 and 1930.
In 17 MLB seasons and 1,171 games played, Perkins was a .259 hitter with 933 hits, 175 doubles, 35 triples, 30 home runs, and 409 runs batted in.
Following his playing career, Perkins coached for 17 years in the Major Leagues with the Yankees (1932–33), Tigers (1934–39) and Philadelphia Phillies (1946–54). He worked with two World Series champions, the Yankees of 1932 and the Tigers of 1935, and for two league pennant-winners, the Tigers and the Phillies. He also managed Detroit in 1937 (along with Cochrane and Del Baker) and posted a 6–9 record.
Cy Perkins died in Philadelphia at the age of 67, and was interred in Oak Grove Cemetery in his native Gloucester.
External links
Rogers, C. Paul III, Cy Perkins, Society for American Baseball Research Biography Project
The Deadball Era – obituary
The Virtual Card Collection
1896 births
1963 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Atlanta Crackers players
Baseball coaches from Massachusetts
Detroit Tigers coaches
Detroit Tigers managers
Detroit Tigers players
Industriales de Monterrey players
Major League Baseball catchers
Minor league baseball managers
New York Yankees coaches
New York Yankees players
Philadelphia Athletics players
Philadelphia Phillies coaches
Raleigh Capitals players
Rojos del Águila de Veracruz players
Sportspeople from Gloucester, Massachusetts
Baseball players from Essex County, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy%20Perkins |
This is an alphabetical index of articles related to gardening.
A
Aeroponics -
African Violet Society of America -
Akadama -
Alkali soil -
Allotment -
Alpine garden -
Alpine plant -
Amateur Gardening -
Andalusian patio -
Annual plant -
Aquaponics -
Aquascaping -
Aquatic plant -
Aquatic weed harvester -
Arboretum -
Arboriculture -
Artificial turf -
Artificial waterfall -
Atomic gardening -
Auckland Flower Show -
Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society -
Avenue -
Averruncator -
Award of Garden Merit -
Axe
B
Backcrossing -
Back garden -
Bāgh -
Bare root -
Baroque garden -
Basal shoot -
BBC Gardeners' World -
Bedding (horticulture) -
Belvedere -
Beneficial insect -
Beneficial weed -
Berry-picking rake -
Biblical garden -
Bibliography of hedges and topiary -
Biennial bearing -
Biennial plant -
Biofertilizer -
Bioherbicide -
Biological pest control -
Biopesticide -
Birth flower -
Bitter pit -
Blackheart -
Black rot -
Blanching -
Bletting -
Blight -
Blossom -
Bog garden -
Bokashi -
Bolting -
Bonded Fibre Matrix -
Bonsai -
Bonsai aesthetics -
Bonsai styles -
Boron deficiency -
Bosquet -
Botanical garden -
Bottle garden -
Bridge graft -
Britain in Bloom -
Broadcast seeding -
Broadfork -
Broadleaf weeds -
Broderie (garden feature) -
Brown patch -
Brushcutter -
Bulb -
Bulldog Tools -
Bundesgartenschau -
Butterfly gardening -
Byzantine gardens
C
Cachepot -
Cactus garden -
Calcium deficiency -
California native plants -
Canadian Tulip Festival -
Canadian Gardening -
Carpellody -
Celebrity gardener -
Centre for Wildlife Gardening -
Chance seedling -
Charbagh -
Chelsea Flower Show -
Chelsea Fringe -
Cherry blossom -
Chilling requirement -
Chinampa -
Chinese garden -
Chip budding -
Chlorosis -
Climate-friendly gardening -
Clipping -
Cloche -
Cloud tree -
Cold frame -
Collective landscape -
Colonial Revival garden -
Color garden -
Computer-aided garden design -
Communal garden -
Community gardening -
Community gardens in Nebraska -
Community orchard -
Companion planting -
Complete English Gardener -
Compost -
Concours des villes et villages fleuris -
Concrete landscape curbing -
Conservation and restoration of historic gardens
Container garden -
Controlled-release fertiliser -
Controller (irrigation) -
Copper tape -
Cornish hedge -
Corn maze -
Cottage garden -
Crop -
Crop protection -
Crop rotation -
Cultigen -
Cultivar -
Cultivar group -
Cultivated plant taxonomy -
Cultivator -
Cushion plant -
Cut flowers -
Cutting
D
Daffodil Society -
Daisy grubber -
Deadheading -
Dead hedge -
Deadwood bonsai techniques -
Deciduous -
Deep water culture -
Defensible space (fire control) -
Deficit irrigation -
Deflowering -
Defoliant -
Desert greening -
Devon hedge -
Dibber -
Disease resistance in fruit and vegetables -
Division -
Double digging -
Double-flowered -
Drip irrigation -
Drought tolerance -
Dutch garden
E
Ecoscaping -
Edger -
Elevated park -
Energy-efficient landscaping -
English landscape garden -
Entente Florale -
Environmental design -
Ephemeral plant -
Ericaceous fertilizer -
Espalier -
Evergreen -
Evolutionary history of plants -
Expo 2016 -
Eyecatchers
F
Fairy ring -
False vivipary -
Fence -
Ferme ornée -
Fernery -
Fertigation -
Fertilizer -
Fertilizer burn -
Fine Gardening -
Floral clock -
Floral design -
Floral diagram -
Floral formula -
Floral industry -
Floral scent -
Floriade -
Floribunda -
Floriculture -
Floriculture in Canada -
Florissimo -
Floristic diversity -
Floristry -
Flower -
Flower bouquet -
Flower box -
Flower bulb cultivation in the Netherlands -
Flower delivery -
Flower frog -
Flower garden -
Flowering plant -
Flowerpot -
Flower preservation -
Fogponics -
Foliar feeding -
Foliar nutrient -
Folkewall -
Folly -
Foodscaping -
Forest gardening -
Formal garden -
Fountain -
Fountaineer -
French formal garden -
French intensive gardening -
French landscape garden -
Front garden -
Fruit -
Fruit tree -
Fruit tree forms -
Fruit tree propagation -
Fruit tree pruning -
Fusarium patch
G
Garden -
Garden at Buckingham Palace -
Garden-based learning -
Garden buildings -
Garden centre -
Garden city movement -
Garden club -
Garden Culture -
Garden design -
Garden designer -
Garden festival -
Garden fork -
Garden furniture -
Garden guns -
Garden hermit -
Garden History Society -
Garden hose -
Garden leave -
Garden Museum -
Garden of Alcinous -
Garden of Eden -
Garden office -
Garden ornament -
Garden pond -
Garden railway -
Garden real estate -
Garden room -
Garden roses -
Garden sharing -
Garden sanctuary -
Garden square -
Garden structure -
Garden tool -
Garden tourism -
Garden waste dumping -
Garden window -
Garden World Images -
Garden writing -
Gardena (company) -
Gardener -
Gardeners' Question Time -
Gardeners' World -
Gardeners' World Live -
Gardenesque -
Gardening -
Gardening Australia -
Gardening in Alaska -
Gardening in New Zealand -
Gardening in restricted spaces -
Gardening in Scotland -
Gardening in Spain -
Gardening Naturally -
Gardens of ancient Egypt -
Gardens of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur -
Gardens of Sallust -
Gardens of the French Renaissance -
Gardens of Versailles -
Gazebo -
Genetically modified tree -
German garden -
Germination -
Giardino all'italiana -
Gloriette -
Gongshi -
Grafting -
Grafting wax -
Grandi Giardini Italiani -
Grasscycling -
Grass shears -
Grass stitcher -
Gravel -
Greek gardens -
Greenhouse -
Green roof -
Green wall -
Green waste -
Grex -
Grotto -
Groundcover -
Groundskeeping -
Growbag -
Grow box -
Growing degree-day -
Growing region -
Growing season -
Grow shop -
Grow light -
Growroom -
Growstones -
Guerrilla gardening -
Gumbo
H
Haga trädgård -
Ha-ha -
Halophyte -
Hameau de la Reine -
Hampton Court Palace Flower Show -
Hand tool -
Hanging basket -
Hanging garden -
Hanging Gardens of Babylon -
Hardiness -
Hardiness zone -
Hard landscape materials -
Hardscape -
Hardpan -
Head gardener -
Hedge -
Hedgelaying -
Hedge maze -
Hedge trimmer -
Heirloom plant -
Herb -
Herbaceous border -
Herbaceous plant -
Herbal -
Herbalism -
Herbal tea -
Herbarium -
Herbchronology -
Herb farm -
Herbicide -
Heritage gardens in Australia -
Hilling -
Historical hydroculture -
History of fertilizer -
History of flower arrangement -
History of gardening -
History of herbalism -
History of landscape architecture -
History of plant breeding -
History of plant systematics -
Hoe -
Hook -
Horaisan -
Hori hori -
Horticultural botany -
Horticultural fleece -
Horticultural flora -
Horticultural oil -
Horticultural society -
Horticultural therapy -
Horticulture -
Horticulture industry -
Horti Fair -
Horti Lamiani -
Hortus conclusus -
Hotbed -
Hot container composting -
Houseplant -
Houseplant care -
Hügelkultur -
Human uses of plants -
Hybrid name -
Hybrid seed -
Hybrid tea rose -
Hydroponics -
Hydroseeding -
Hydrozoning
I
Ice pruning -
Ikebana -
Indigenous horticulture -
Inflorescence -
Infructescence -
Insectary plant -
Integrated pest management -
Intensive gathering -
Intercropping -
Intercultural Garden -
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants -
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants -
International Garden Festival -
Introduced species -
Invasive species -
Iron deficiency -
Irrigation sprinkler -
Islamic garden -
Italian Renaissance garden
J
Japanese garden -
Japanese rock garden -
Jardiniere -
Jeux d'eau
K
Kenzan -
Keyhole garden -
Kirpi -
Kitchen garden -
Knot garden -
Korean flower arrangement -
Korean garden -
Kokedama -
Kunai -
Kusamono and shitakusa
L
Landscape -
Landscape architect -
Landscape architecture -
Landscape contracting -
Landscape design -
Landscape detailing -
Landscape engineering -
Landscape fabric -
Landscape garden -
Landscape lighting -
Landscape maintenance -
Landscape manager -
Landscape planning -
Landscape products -
Landscaping -
Language of flowers -
Lawn -
Lawn aerator -
Lawn mower -
Lawn ornament -
Lawn sweeper -
Layering -
Leaf -
Leaf blower -
Leaf mold -
Leaf scorch -
Leaf spot -
Leaf vegetable -
Legume -
Limbing -
Linear aeration -
Linear park -
Liners -
Lingnan garden -
Living mulch -
Living root bridges -
Loam -
Loppers -
Love Your Garden
M
Manganese deficiency -
Marcescence -
Market garden -
Mary garden -
Master gardener program -
Matrix planting -
Mattock -
Maze -
Mechanical weed control -
Medicinal plants -
Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show -
Microbudding -
Micro-irrigation -
Microtubing -
Molybdenum deficiency -
Monastic garden -
Monocarpic -
Monopteros -
Moon bridge -
Moon gate -
Mosaiculture -
Mother plant -
Mughal gardens -
Mulch -
Multiple cropping -
Multipurpose tree
N
National Garden Festival -
National Tulip Day -
Native plant -
Natural landscaping -
Naturescaping -
Nature therapy -
Nematode -
Nitrogen deficiency -
Niwaki -
No-dig gardening -
Noxious weed -
Nurse grafting
O
Offset -
Olericulture -
Orchard -
Orchidelirium -
Orangery -
Organic fertilizer -
Organic hydroponics -
Organic horticulture -
Organic lawn management -
Organic movement -
Ornamental bulbous plant -
Ornamental grass -
Ornamental plant -
Orthodox seed
P
P-Patch -
Palmetum -
Palm house -
Paradise garden -
Parasitic plant -
Parterre -
Passive hydroponics -
Patio garden -
Patte d'oie -
Pattern gardening -
Pavilion -
Perennial plant -
Pergola -
Peristyle -
Permaculture -
Persian gardens -
Persian powder -
Pest control -
Pesticide -
Pesticide application -
Pesticide drift -
Pesticide resistance -
Philosophical garden -
Phosphorus deficiency -
Photosynthesis -
Physic garden -
Physiological plant disorder -
Phytotron -
Picotee -
Pineapple pit -
Plant -
Plant anatomy -
Plant breeders' rights -
Plant breeding -
Plant collecting -
Plant community -
Plant disease forecasting -
Plant disease resistance -
Plant ecology -
Plant factory -
Plant hormone -
Plant identification -
Plant LED incubator -
Plantlet -
Plant litter -
Plant morphology -
Plant nursery -
Plant pathology -
Plant propagation -
Plant taxonomy -
Plant tissue culture -
Plant variety (law) -
Plantsman -
Plasticulture -
Plastic mulch -
Playscape -
Pleaching -
Pleasure garden -
Pollarding -
Pollination -
Pollinator garden -
Polyculture -
Polytunnel -
Pond liner -
Post-harvest losses -
Post hole digger -
Potassium deficiency -
Pot farming -
Pot-in-pot -
Potting bench -
Potting soil -
Precision seeding -
Pruning -
Pruning shears -
Pseudanthium -
Pulse drip irrigation
Q
Quiet area
R
Rain garden -
Rainwater harvesting -
Raised bed gardening -
Rake -
Reflecting pool -
Remontancy -
Rhubarb forcer -
Ring culture -
Ripening -
Robotic lawn mower -
Rock garden -
Roji -
Roman garden -
Roof garden -
Root -
Root barrier -
Root rot -
Rootstock -
Root trainer -
Rose -
Rose (symbolism) -
Rose garden -
Rose hip -
Rose show -
Rose trial grounds -
Row cover -
Royal Botanic Society -
Royal Horticultural Society -
Rubber mulch
S
Sacred garden -
Sacred herb -
Salt pruning -
School garden -
Sculpture garden -
Season extension -
Seawater greenhouse -
Seed -
Seed ball -
Seedbed -
Seed dormancy -
Seedling -
Seed orchard -
Seed saving -
Seed swap -
Seed testing -
Self-pollination -
Semi-deciduous -
Sensory garden -
Shade garden -
Shade tree -
Shakespeare garden -
Sharawadgi -
Shed -
Sheet mulching -
Shell grotto -
Shishi-odoshi -
Shoot -
Shovel -
Shredding -
Shrewsbury Flower Show -
Shrub -
Shrubbery -
Sichuanese garden -
Silver sand -
Singapore Garden Festival -
Slow gardening -
Smudge pot -
Snow mold -
Sod -
Sod roof -
Soft landscape materials -
Softscape -
Soil -
Soil conditioner -
Soil conservation -
Soil defertilisation -
Soil fertility -
Soil life -
Soil moisture sensor -
Soil pH -
Soil test -
Soil type -
Southport Flower Show -
Sowing -
Space in landscape design -
Spade -
Spanish garden -
Species description -
Specific replant disease -
Spent mushroom compost -
Sprigging -
Sprouting -
Square foot gardening -
Stale seed bed -
Statuary -
Stepping stones -
Strewing herb -
String trimmer -
Stumpery -
Sub-irrigated planter -
Subshrub -
Subsoil -
Succession planting -
Sustainable gardening -
Sustainable landscape architecture -
Sustainable landscaping -
Sustainable planting -
Synergistic gardening -
Succulents gardening
T
Taihu stone -
Tapestry lawn -
Taproot -
Tatton Park Flower Show -
Tea garden -
Telegarden -
Terrace garden -
Thatch -
The Profitable Arte of Gardening -
Therapeutic garden -
Thinning -
Three Great Gardens of Japan -
Tomato grafting -
Topiary -
Topsoil -
Tōrō -
Tower Garden -
Transplant experiment -
Transplanting -
Trap crop -
Tree -
Tree paint -
Tree planting -
Tree shaping -
Tree shelter -
Tree topping -
Trellis -
Trial garden -
Tropical garden -
Triple mix -
Trowel -
Tuileries Garden -
Tulip festival -
Turf -
Turf maze -
Turf melting out
U
Upside-down gardening -
Urban horticulture -
Uses of compost
V
Variegation -
Variety -
Vascular plant -
Vase life -
Vegan organic gardening -
Vegetable bouquet -
Vegetable farming -
Vegetative reproduction -
Vermicompost -
Vernalization -
Vertical farming -
Victory garden -
Vine -
Vine training -
Vivarium -
Volunteer
W
Walled garden -
Waru Waru -
Water feature -
Water garden -
Water sprout -
Water timer -
Watering can -
Weed -
Weed control -
Weeder -
Weed of cultivation -
Weed science -
Wheelbarrow -
Wilderness (garden history)
Wildflower -
Wildlife garden -
Wilting -
Windbreak -
Window box -
Windowfarm -
Winter garden -
Winter sowing -
Withy -
Woodchipper -
Woodland garden -
Woody plant -
Worshipful Company of Gardeners
X
Xeriscaping
Y
Yates (company) -
Yukitsuri
Z
Zen garden -
Zero-turn mower -
Zig zag bridge -
Zinc deficiency
Lists
Botanical gardens -
Chinese gardens -
Companion plants -
Culinary herbs and spices -
Domesticated plants -
Edible flowers -
Foliage plant diseases -
Fungicides -
Garden and horticulture books -
Garden features -
Garden plants -
Garden types -
Gardens -
Gardens in England -
Gardens in Italy -
Gardens in Scotland -
Gardens in Wales -
Herbs with known adverse effects -
Horticultural magazines -
Horticulture and gardening books/publications -
Invasive species -
Landscape architects -
Landscape gardens -
Leaf vegetables -
Organic gardening and farming topics -
Pests and diseases of roses -
Pest-repelling plants -
Plant hybrids -
Plant orders -
Plants by common name -
Plants used in herbalism -
Poisonous plants -
Professional gardeners -
Remarkable Gardens of France -
Root vegetables -
Rosa species -
Sensory gardens -
Snowdrop gardens -
Lists of cultivars -
Lists of plant diseases -
Lists of plants -
Lists of useful plants
Category
:Category:Gardening
See also
Glossary of botanical terms
Glossary of leaf morphology
Outline of organic gardening and farming
Wikipedia indexes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20gardening%20articles |
Apple PowerCD is a CD player sold by Apple Computer in 1993 and discontinued several years later. It was a re-badged Philips-designed product (Philips CDF-100) which was sold in addition to Apple's speakers and also included a remote control. The PowerCD was capable of reading Kodak photo CDs, data CDs and audio CDs. It can connect to Macintosh personal computers through SCSI and also to stereo systems and televisions.
History
With the success of the Apple Newton, in mid-1992 Apple Industrial Design Group created a division called Mac Like Things which was to focus on what they saw as a whole new market for Apple in consumer electronic devices. The PowerCD marked Apple's first stand-alone consumer-oriented product brought to market, which did not require a computer for use. It was analogous to Sony's Discman portable CD players of the time, however, unlike Sony's and most others, Apple's could also be used as computer peripheral as well. And while most desktop Macs at the time included built-in CD-ROMs, the PowerCD was designed to match the PowerBook series which would not include a built-in CD-ROM for several more years. Its ability to be operated under battery power alone made it not only a portable drive for computers, but gave it the added ability to be marketed as a stand-alone portable CD player. However, Mac Like Things was short-lived and by September 1992, it was folded into Apple's New Media Group having only brought to market the PowerCD and AppleDesign Powered Speakers series.
AppleDesign Powered Speakers
Along with the PowerCD, Apple released two versions of their desktop speakers: the AppleDesign Powered Speakers and the redesigned AppleDesign Powered Speakers II a year later. The original speakers came in Platinum gray to match Apple's desktop line, while the second generation were curvier and also came in a darker gray color designed to match the PowerBook line and PowerCD. Both were powered with an AC adapter and could be attached to any audio output source, with two separate inputs for the computer and an external CD player. Both had a headphone jack in the front of one speaker along with the volume control and an optional subwoofer connection port on some models.
Timeline of Apple products
See also
iPod
Apple QuickTake
Apple Interactive Television Box
Apple Pippin
References
External links
Mac Guides
popcorn.cx - Apple PowerCD & AppleDesign Powered Speakers
Apple PowerCD
Apple/PHILIPS CDP/PowerCD
Apple Inc. hardware
Apple Inc. peripherals
Compact disc
Computer-related introductions in 1993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerCD |
Judith A. Hunt is an American illustrator, painter, cartoonist, and designer, who has produced a diverse array of artwork for books, magazines, television, comics, videos, and toys. She has worked as an art director and staff illustrator/designer for magazine companies. As of 2018, she illustrates educational texts and children's books from her studio in Kennebunk, Maine, and showcases her fine art in local art shows.
Hunt's artwork has taken many twists and turns to adapt to the constantly changing demands of the commercial art market. She has done educational book development, children’s book illustration, book cover illustration, and magazine illustration. Her knowledge of botany and ecology has led her to illustrating botanical and wildlife conservation signs and posters for many conservation organizations, including the United States Forestry Service and the Maine Department of Conservation. Other work includes fantasy illustration, commercial licensed character picture book illustration, and video work for Andrew Gutelle's What's a Gonzo and Baby Kermit's Birthday Surprise. She created model sheets, templates, and character designs of Johnny Gruelle’s Raggedy Ann and Andy for Macmillan Publishing and the Highlights for Children characters, Timbertoes, and cartoon model books for characters appearing in Highlights for Children's "Funzone" and "Which Way USA" educational puzzle series.
Biography
Comics
From 1980–1985, Hunt co-created and wrote cartoon and comic books with her then-husband, Chuck Dixon, including Evangeline and Winnie-the-Pooh word books, besides being the designer and illustrator on these projects. She also worked on Robotech Defenders with writer Andrew Helfer. In 1987 Hunt pencilled three issues of Conan the King, including an entire issue inked by Al Williamson; issues #3 and #4 of First Comics' Evangeline, and a few supplemental comics done for First Comics.
In addition, Hunt completed updated model sheets for Macmillan's Raggedy Ann and Andy, and illustrated many children books, including Henson Associates' What's a Gonzo and Baby Kermit's Birthday Surprise, and packaging design for toys.
Highlights for Children
In 1988 Hunt changed career paths, taking in-house employment with Honesdale, Pennsylvania-based Highlights for Children. Hunt worked primarily for Highlights for Children and Boyds Mills Press until 2000. She illustrated the Timbertoes comic strip (1992–2002) and worked as a puzzle designer for Highlights' "Puzzlemania", Hidden Picture books, and character designer and illustrator of "Which Way USA" and "Funzone" magazines.
21st-century career
Hunt's more recently published work includes the children's picture book Prunes and Rupe by Lydia Griffin; the winner of the 2008 Annual CIPA Illustration Award, the educational nature book Animals Under Our Feet; and the historical pre-teen novels Susan Creek and Two Williams by Douglas Winter.
Hunt is the illustrator of the current online comic series, Evangeline, with the new issues being written by her son, Ben Dixon.
Current memberships and affiliations include the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators, and serving on the board of The Maine Illustrators' Collective. Hunt's illustration work can be seen in Picturebook 2006, Picturebook 2008, and The Graphic Artists Guild's Directory of Illustration #24.
Partial client list
Filter Press- 2007 Prunes and Rupe
Treasure Bay-2005 Animals Under Our Feet
Zootles
Disney
Highlights for Children-1990-1994 Illustrations & character designer Puzzlemania, Funzone, Which Way USA, 1994-2002 Timbertoes strip cartoonist
Western Publishing-1980-Raggedy Ann and Andy Go Flying
U.S. Forestry Service
State of Maine Dept. of Conservation
Boyds Mill Press-1993-1995-Book cover & Illustration, 1997-The Timbertoes 123 & The Timbrertoes ABC
Scholastic
Random House
Platt & Munk-1979 Three Little Kittens-Gingerbread Imprint
Veritas Press-2000 Susan Creek, 2003 Two Williams, 2005 Up in the Sky, 2005 Bad Meg!
EP Dutton- 1982 Winnie the Pooh's Adventures With Words 1984 Travels with Pooh
Mattel
Comics
DC Comics-Robotech Defenders
First Comics-1985-86 Evangeline, 1985 Jon Sable, Freelance
Marvel Comics- 1986 Conan the King
Hallmark Cards-1985 Jammie Pies
National Geographic
Harcourt
McGraw Hill
Macmillan Publishing-1986 Raggedy Ann and Andy Licensing design 1988 Tim's Big Adventure
The Jim Henson Company-1986-Baby Kermit's Birthday Surprise, "What's A Gonzo?" Illustration & Video
References
External links
EvangelineTheComic.com
Hunt's blog
PictureBook.com
ChildrensIllustrators.com
Directory of Illustration
Wilkinson Studios
American women illustrators
American female comics artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American children's book illustrators
People from Kennebunk, Maine
Artists from Maine
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith%20Hunt |
Plesse Castle is situated to the north of Göttingen in Germany, close to the village of Bovenden.
History
The castle was transferred in 1015 from the private estate of Meinwerk, bishop of Paderborn to the city of Paderborn. Since 1150 it is the seat of the noble lords of Plesse, who named themselves for the castle. Holy Roman emperor Henry VI traded Plesse Castle in 1192 for Desenberg Castle close to Warburg in Westphalia, but the trade was already reverted in 1195. In 1447 the lords of Plesse transferred their possession of Plesse Castle to the Landgrave Ludwig of Hesse and in return received it as a fiefdom. The explanation for it lies in the fragmentation of the dukedom of Brunswick-Göttingen. The leading noble families could not avoid being drawn into the ensuing conflicts. They therefore sought protection from a powerful liege lord. They found this protection and backup with another ruler, who was Ludwig of Hesse.
In 1536 the protestant reformation was introduced to the dominion of Plesse, which also comprised the surrounding villages. The house of Plesse became extinct with the death of Dietrich IV of Plesse in 1571. Landgrave William IV of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) then took possession of the dominion of Plesse, as this was his right as liege lord. Moritz of Hesse-Kassel converted the people of the Plesse dominion to the reformed creed in 1614. Between 1623 and 1624 he and his family took refuge in the castle various times. After a siege in 1627 during the Thirty Years' War the castle and the dominion of Plesse were ceded temporarily to the landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1660 the castle was abandoned finally and afterwards served as a quarry for the residents of the surrounding villages.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited the castle in 1801. Prior to French occupation in 1807, the dominion became the Canton Bovenden in the Kingdom of Westphalia. After the collapse of Westphalia in 1813 the now Electorate of Hesse-Kassel retook control of the dominion of Plesse. In a barter between Prussia, the Kingdom of Hanover and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel the dominion of Plesse became part of Hanover on May 1, 1817. Starting in 1821 first attempts to restore parts of the castle were undertaken, and between 1853 and 1864, on initiative of the ruling family of Hanover, it came to a complete restoration of the castle. The earlier affiliation of Plesse to Hesse can still be seen even today. The villages of the former dominion of Plesse still belong not to the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover, but belong to the Evangelical Reformed Church.
External links
The Plesse archive of the Bovenden village (German)
Information on the village of Bovenden
Castles in Lower Saxony
Göttingen
Buildings and structures in Göttingen (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesse%20Castle |
El Nacional is a Venezuelan publishing company under the name C.A. Editorial El Nacional, most widely known for its El Nacional newspaper and website. It, along with Últimas Noticias and El Universal, are the most widely read and circulated daily national newspapers in the country. In 2010, it had an average of 83,000 papers distributed daily and 170,000 copies on weekends.
Since the increase of censorship in Venezuela during the presidencies of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro, El Nacional has been described as one of the last independent newspapers in Venezuela. El Nacional published its final print edition on 14 December 2018 (after having been cut to five print editions per week back in August), joining in the dozens of anti-government newspapers in the nation that have stopped printing due to paper and toner shortages. It became an exclusively online newspaper after the date, and has been blocked by internet providers since early 2022.
History
The first edition of El Nacional circulated on 3 August 1943, founded by Miguel Otero Silva in Caracas, with innovations such as the replacement of the editorial by the mancheta, the use of notorious headlines with large graphics and the classification of the entire newspaper by thematic areas. During the first year it circulated with a circulation of 10,000 copies per day and each edition consisted of two eight-page spreads, in standard format and seven columns.
The first headquarters of El Nacional was located between the corners of Marcos Parra and Pedrera, in downtown Caracas, from 1943 to 1951. It then moved its headquarters to Puerto Escondido from 1951 to 2007, for 56 years.
In 1961, an advertising boycott in opposition to the paper's leftist views (its then editor, Miguel Otero Silva, had been a member of the Communist Party of Venezuela) nearly forced the paper into bankruptcy.
The publication of the web site began in August 1995, being considered the first Venezuelan newspaper with a web site. The digital edition of El Nacional was inaugurated in 1996, characterized by including information different from that presented in the printed format of the newspaper. It was also the first Venezuelan newspaper to incorporate the figure of the pressombudsmannen or reader's ombudsman in 1998.
The publishing company C.A. El Nacional launched on the market a sensationalist-yellowish newspaper on 14 October 1996 with the intention to reach the popular strata, without obtaining good results. Due to its economic losses and after several changes, it printed its last issue on 8 April 2005. In 2007 it changed its headquarters, where it had been for 56 years, to the Main Avenue of Los Cortijos de Lourdes, along with new technological innovations.
On 13 August 2010, El Nacional printed a photograph of corpses lying on stretchers and on the floor of the to denounce the situation of crime in the country. As a result, police officers searched the newspaper headquarters and a court forbid El Nacional, along with Tal Cual, to publish any violent images or information. The court's decision was widely criticized by journalistic unions and opposition representatives as an attack on freedom of expression. In turn, El Nacional would go on to report the news with the word "censorship" in the spaces where news about crimes were usually published.
After this first attempt to launch a popular newspaper called El Propio, which had its first edition in 2012 as a newspaper for the CDE segment, its last publication took place in September 2015 due to the lack of paper that the printed media in Venezuela is going through, although the website of this newspaper would be visible until November 2016.
The newspaper, despite having various problems with the sale and supply of paper, manages to continue in rotation with a low number of pages and four pages. It has about 600 workers who are direct employees of the newspaper, while another 300 work as collaborators. It has also owned the magazines ¡HOLA! Venezuela and Todo en domingo (the latter of which is delivered together with the Sunday edition of the newspaper), a book publishing press and has two websites: Eme de mujer and ovaciondeportes.com.
In February 2022, the main Internet providers in Venezuela blocked access to the newspaper's website, days after the Supreme Tribunal of Justice ordered the newspaper headquarters to be handed over to Diosdado Cabello.
The newspaper is part of Grupo de Diarios América, to which other Latin American newspapers belong, such as El Tiempo (Colombia), El Mercurio (Chile) and La Nación (Argentina). El Nacional has been awarded the National Journalism Prize as a print media in 1959, 1977, 1981 and 2000.
The newspaper's first director was poet Antonio Arráiz (1903–1962). In the newspaper have contributed many of the most recognized Venezuelan writers. Arturo Úslar Pietri, one of the most important intellectuals of the country, wrote for more than fifty years in an opinion column in the newspaper. Former editors include José Ramón Medina and Miguel Otero Silva. The newspaper is directed by Chief Editorial Officer Miguel Henrique Otero, grandson of the founder, and by chief executive officer Manuel Sucre.
Political stance and editorial opinion
El Nacional would become quite critical of the second Carlos Andrés Pérez administration, joining opponents such as the Attorney General Ramón Escovar Salom and journalist José Vicente Rangel, culminating in his impeachment in 1993. The newspaper would likewise be critical of Hugo Chávez government. In its 10 April 2002 editorial, it described Chávez as "a contumacious liar" and called upon the citizens that "today we have to go out to the streets today to show this knave who is in power that we Venezuelans are decent and dignified people". On the following day editorial, the newspaper referred to the political crisis saying that "this battle is coming to an end".
Conflicts
On 14 April 2018, government-sponsored colectivos attacked the headquarters of El Nacional, kidnapping security workers and a janitor. Weeks after the Venezuelan presidential election in 2018, the newspaper had their Hypertext Transfer Protocol momentarily censored by the state-run CANTV from 7 June to 11 June 2018.
Censorship and seizure
The newspaper has had its website continuously censored in Venezuela, being described as one of the last independent media organizations in Venezuela. The newspaper faced legal issues after it republished reporting from Spanish newspaper ABC about Bolivarian government official Diosdado Cabello being investigated for alleged drug trafficking. After the government pressed charges against El Nacional, proposing the payment of a fine of 1 billion bolívares, Cabello replied to the newspaper's publishing of Venezuela's hyperinflation figures stating "if it was a billion bolívares, let's ... put five zeros next to it". Cabello targeted the newspaper even further, stating in late-September 2018 that he sought to acquire the newspaper's headquarters and convert it into a university.
In May 2021, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice ruled that El Nacional must pay 237,000 petros, or about $13,369,170 at the time of the decision, to Cabello and that the newspaper's headquarters would be seized to compensate him. In early 2022, the ownership of the former headquarter's was transferred to Cabello. Days after the transfer, the website's domain would be blocked by major internet providers in Venezuela.
References
External links
Spanish-language newspapers
Venezuelan news websites
Newspapers published in Venezuela
Newspapers established in 1943
Book publishing companies of Venezuela
Spanish-language websites
Media of the Crisis in Venezuela | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Nacional%20%28Venezuela%29 |
La Imperial may refer to:
La Imperial, Chile or Antigua [Old] Imperial, a city and former bishopric
Nueva Imperial, a city 20km from Antigua Imperial | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Imperial |
Robert Hayes Gore (May 24, 1886 – December 26, 1972) was an American politician and incredibly successful newspaper publisher who was appointed as the governor of Puerto Rico, serving from July 1933 to January 1934.
Early life
He was born in Knottsville, Kentucky and attended local schools. He became a newspaper writer after being fascinated by papers as a boy.
Marriage and family
Gore married and he and his wife had nine children.
Newspaper career
He went on to become an editor-publisher in the Scripps chain, soon heading newspapers in Evansville, Indiana, and Terre Haute, Indiana. While the editor-publisher of the Terre Haute Post, Gore conceived the idea of "giving away" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with new newspaper subscriptions. After securing an underwriter, Gore took his program nationwide. Within a year, he was worth just over a hundred million dollars (2.6 billion in 2015), later establishing another publishing house in Terre Haute and an insurance agency in Chicago to handle the business.
Governor of Puerto Rico
While residing in Terre Haute, Gore met Franklin D. Roosevelt campaigning for Vice President of the U.S. That fortuitous meeting ultimately resulted in Gore's appointment as Governor of Puerto Rico. Prior to his stint in Puerto Rico, he split his time between his interests in Terre Haute, Chicago and Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. According to The Washington Post, Gore was a strong campaigner for Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 election. This contributed to Roosevelt's decision to reward Gore with the appointment as governor the following year. According to his biography, Gore was a key Roosevelt supporter.
During his inaugural speech as governor, on July 1, 1933, Gore outlined his platform for the protectorate in three major elements: eventual statehood, opposition to birth control (there had been considerable controversy over this issue during the term of his predecessor, Governor James Rumsey Beverley) and legalizing cockfighting, which Gore believed would benefit tourism. (His plan included a yearly "great carnival of cockfighting" to attract mainland tourists.)
Rather than suggesting birth control to the predominantly Catholic residents, Gore advocated a plan to relocate Puerto Ricans to Florida to relieve overcrowding on the island. He also recommended greater links with his home city of Chicago, and minimizing government spending. During his term as governor, a political satire drama was written by Gustavo Jiménez Sicardó, entitled "Gore's Hell," which criticized his political views on Puerto Rico. There was an attempt against his life, organized by a group of 14 individuals from different political views on the island. On January 12, 1934, Gore's "resignation" was accepted. He was replaced by Blanton Winship.
After his stint as governor, Gore served as an alternate delegate to the 1944 Democratic National Convention.
Orchids
After learning about orchids in Puerto Rico and returning to Florida, he began to cultivate and sell orchids maintaining a very large green house.
Death and legacy
He died at age 86 in Florida and his remains rest at Lauderdale Memorial Park.
References
General references
External Links
Robert H. Gore Collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.
Further reading
"War Against All Puerto Ricans", Chapter 8, by Nelson A. Denis, Nation Books, 2015
People from Daviess County, Kentucky
Editors of Kentucky newspapers
Governors of Puerto Rico
1886 births
1972 deaths
20th-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Hayes%20Gore |
1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?) is the debut studio album by British electronic band The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (the JAMs), later known as the KLF. 1987 was produced using extensive unauthorised samples that plagiarised a wide range of musical works, continuing a theme begun in the JAMs' debut single "All You Need Is Love". These samples provided a deliberately provocative backdrop for beatbox rhythms and cryptic, political raps.
Shortly after independent release in June 1987, the JAMs were ordered by the Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society to destroy all unsold copies of the album, following a complaint from ABBA. In response, the JAMs disposed of many copies of 1987 in unorthodox, publicised ways. They also released a version of the album titled 1987 (The JAMs 45 Edits), stripped of all unauthorised samples to leave periods of protracted silence and so little audible content that it was formally classed as a 12-inch single.
Background and recording
On New Year's Day 1987, Bill Drummond decided to make a hip hop record under the pseudonym "the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu". Knowing little about modern music technology, he invited Jimmy Cauty, a former member of the band Brilliant, to join him. Cauty agreed, and the JAMs' debut single "All You Need Is Love" was independently released on 9 March 1987 as a limited-edition one-sided white label 12-inch. Cauty became "Rockman Rock", and Drummond used the nickname "King Boy D".
The reaction to "All You Need Is Love" was positive; the British music newspaper Sounds listed it as the single of the week, and lauded The JAMs as "the hottest, most exhilarating band this year". The song's reliance on uncleared, often illegal samples made commercial release impossible. In response, the JAMs re-edited the single, removing or doctoring the most antagonistic samples, and re-released it as "All You Need Is Love (106 bpm)" in May 1987. According to Drummond, profits from this re-release funded the recording of their first album. The JAMs had completed and pressed copies of the album by early May 1987, but did not have a distributor.
Like "All You Need Is Love", the album was made using an Apple II computer, a Greengate DS3 digital sampler peripheral card, and a Roland TR-808 drum machine. Several songs were liberally plagiarised, using portions from existing works and pasting them into new contexts, with the duo stealing "everything" and "taking... plagiarism to its absurd conclusion". This mashup of samples was underpinned by rudimentary beatbox rhythms and overlaid with Drummond's raps of social commentary, esoteric metaphors, and mockery. Drummond later said that:
Composition
1987 is built around samples of other artists' work, "to the point where the presence of original material becomes questionable". The album is raw and unpolished, the sound contrasting sharply with the meticulous production and tight house rhythms of the duo's later work as the KLF. The beatbox rhythms are basic (described as "weedy" by Q magazine), samples often cut abruptly, and distinctive plagiarised melodies are often played with a high-pitched rasping accompaniment. The plagiarised works are arranged so as to juxtapose with each other as a backdrop for the JAMs' rebellious messages and social comments. The lyrics include self-referential statements of the JAMs' agenda, imbued with their fictional backstory adopted from The Illuminatus! Trilogy.
Side one
The album's opening song, "Hey Hey We Are Not The Monkees", begins with simulated human sexual intercourse noises (which Drummond later referred to as "sampled breathing stuff") arranged as a rhythm. The album's first sample is "Here we come..." from the Monkees' theme. It progresses into a cryptic and bleak spoken verse from Drummond: "Here we come, crawling out of the mud, from chaos primeval to the burned out sun, dragging our bad selves from one end of time, with nothing to declare but some half-written rhymes". A cacophone of further samples from The Monkees' theme and Drummond's voice follow – "We're not The Monkees, I don't even like The Monkees!" – before it gets interrupted by an original a cappella vocal line that later became The KLF's "Justified and Ancient" – "We're justified/And we're ancient ... We don't want to upset the apple cart/And we don't wanna cause any harm".
The track is followed by a long sample of a London Underground train arriving at and leaving a tube station, with its recorded warning to passengers, "Mind the gap...". "Don't Take Five (Take What You Want)" follows, featuring The JAMs' associates Chike (rapper) and DJ Cesare (scratches). Built around The Dave Brubeck Quartet's "Take Five" and Fred Wesley's "Same Beat", the lyrics are mostly unconventional, with the majority of the song containing references to food: "I was pushing my trolley from detergent to cheese when I first saw the man with antler ears. I tried to ignore but his gaze held my eyes when he told me the truth about the basket of lies". Sounds considered the message of the song (if any) to be a modern version of Robin Hood: "This is piracy in action, with the venerable music industry figure, King Boy D, setting himself up as the Robin Hood of rap as he steals from the rich vaults of recording history".
The first side of the LP closes with "Rockman Rock (Parts 2 and 3)", a homage to Jimmy Cauty that plagiarises from an array of sources, including the "Bo Diddley Beat" and "Sunrise Sunset" from the Fiddler on the Roof soundtrack. Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love" (interspersed with Jimi Hendrix's "All Along the Watchtower"), "Since I've Been Loving You" and "Houses of the Holy" can be also heard in this track. Side one would not close until "Why Did You Throw Away Your Giro?", a track consisting of a question in reference to a line from "Rockman Rock" from a female adult jokingly answered by a male person, ended in 20 seconds.
Side two
The second side begins with "Me Ru Con", a traditional Vietnamese song performed a cappella by the JAMs' friend Duy Khiem. According to Drummond, it was a spontaneous recital by Khiem, who was in the studio contributing clarinet and tenor sax to the album. Khiem's vocal performance was later sampled by The KLF on the ambient house soundtrack to their movie, The Rites of Mu.
"The Queen and I" features extensive samples from ABBA's "Dancing Queen", often overlain with a rasping detuned accompaniment. These lead into Drummond's satirical and discontent rapping, a fictional account of his march into the British House of Commons and Buckingham Palace to demand answers. The song also protests the involvement of cigarette companies in sport ("When cancer is the killer/John Player run the league") and lambasts the "tabloid mentality" ("They all keep talking about Princess Di's dress"). The Sex Pistols' "God Save the Queen" is briefly sampled. After nearly three minutes of samples from the television show Top of the Pops, as well as sound clips from programmes and advertisements on other TV channels, Drummond cries "Fuck that, let's have The JAMs!". The acerbic "All You Need Is Love (106 bpm)" follows. A "stunning audio collage" featuring an AIDS public information film, a rerecording of glamour model Samantha Fox's "Touch Me (I Want Your Body)", and the nursery rhyme "Ring a Ring o' Roses", "All You Need Is Love" comments on sex and the British media's reaction to the AIDS crisis.
The final track on the album is "Next", which Drummond describes as "the only angst-er on the album", with "imagery of war and sordid sex". The track samples Stevie Wonder's "Superstition", Scott Walker's "Next" from Scott 2, the Fall's "Totally Wired," and Julie Andrews' "The Lonely Goatherd" from The Sound of Music, alongside Khiem's original melancholy clarinet and tenor saxophone contributions ("a saxophone of stupefying tediosity", according to Danny Kelly).
Bill Drummond summed up The JAMs' approach to composition in the first "KLF Information Sheet", sent out in October 1987: "We made [the album] not giving a shit for soul boy snob values or any other values, we just went in and made the noise we wanted to hear and the stuff that came out of our mouths.... Not a pleasant sound but it's the noise we had. We pressed it up and stuck it out. A celebration of sorts." Jimmy Cauty defended sampling as an artistic practice: "It's not as if we're taking anything away, just borrowing and making things bigger. If you're creative you aren't going to stop working just because there is a law against what you are doing."
In 1991, Drummond admitted: "We didn't listen to 1987 What The Fuck's Going On for a long time, and when we did we were embarrassed by it because it was so badly recorded. But I still felt we were able to get a lot out of ourselves through it."
Release and controversy
1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?) was released in June 1987 on The JAMs' own record label, "The Sound of Mu(sic)".
1987 was met with mixed reviews in most of the major British music publications, including Melody Maker, NME, Sounds, and Q, and the album came to the attention of the management of Swedish pop group ABBA: The JAMs had sampled large portions of the ABBA single "Dancing Queen" on the track "The Queen And I". A legal showdown with ABBA and the Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society (MCPS) followed, 1987 was forcibly withdrawn from sale, and The JAMs were ordered to "deliver up the master tape, mothers, stampers and any other parts commensurate with manufacture of the record".
King Boy D and Rockman Rock travelled to ABBA's home country of Sweden, in the hope of meeting with ABBA personally, taking an NME journalist and photographer with them, along with most of the remaining copies of the LP and a gold disc of the album. Failing to find ABBA in residence at Polar Studios in Stockholm, they instead presented the gold disc to a blonde prostitute they pretended was Agnetha "fallen on hard times". Of the original LP's stock, some copies were disposed overboard on the North Sea ferry trip across, and the remainder were burned in a field in Gothenburg before dawn (as shown on the cover of their next album, Who Killed The JAMs?, and detailed in that album's single "Burn the Bastards"). The JAMs also played a recording of "The Queen and I" loudly outside the offices of ABBA's record label, Polar Music. The trip was unexpectedly eventful, the JAMs accidentally hitting and killing a moose, and later being shot at by a farmer, a bullet cracking the engine of their Ford Galaxie police car. They were, by their own account, towed back to England by the AA.
The JAMs were not entirely sure what they would have said to ABBA if they had been able to meet them. Rockman told NME: "We were hoping to explain [our artistic justification] to them and that maybe we'd come out of it friends, you know, them producing our album and us producing theirs—the kind of thing that often happens at these meetings." King Boy: "Yeah, we'd have said, 'Look, you haven't had many hits lately, you don't really wanna bother with all this West End musical shit do you? Come and do the new JAMMS [sic] album.'" In 1994, The Guardian looked back on the Swedish sojourn as "a grand, futile, attention-grabbing gesture, the kind that would come to characterise [the duo's] collaborative career... "We were being totally stupid about it" Drummond later acknowledged."
The JAMs offered what they claimed were "the last five" copies of 1987 for sale at £1000 each in a full-page advertisement in the April 1988 edition of The Face. Drummond argued that the offer exploited a loophole in The JAMs' agreement with the MCPS: "We were browsing around this record shop and came across these five copies of 1987.... We made it perfectly clear to the MCPS that we couldn't actually force the shops to send our LPs back.... [B]ecause we bought them in a shop, these LPs don't come into the agreement and we can do what we like with them and not break any laws." The master acetate and all of the band's other masters were donated to the British Library in 2023.
Critical response
Q magazine had mixed reactions to 1987, saying that there are "too few ideas being spread too thin". The magazine criticised some songs as "overlong" and questioned the overuse of sampling as "the impression of a random hotchpotch". Q also unfavourably commented that The JAMs' "use of the beatbox is altogether weedy". It liked some of its tracks: "there are some wickedly amusing ideas and moments of pure poetry in the lyrics while some of the musical juxtapositions are both killingly funny and strong enough to stand repeated listenings".
A reviewer for Melody Maker found 1987 "inspirational", and "the most exciting, most original record [he'd] heard in years". He also argued that: "Some snatches [of plagiarised music] rather outstay their welcome, tugging tell-tale glitz away from the clifftop and dangerously close to smug obviousness, but when the blows are kept short, sharp and very bloody, they make anything else you're very likely to hear on the radio dull and desperately humourless." "It's easy to dismiss The JAMs frolics as little more than a brightly coloured sideshow to the shabbiest circus in town", a later article said, but "believe me, it's far more than a gimmick".
In awarding 1987 the highest rating, a maximum five stars, Sounds—a publication that offered the duo's work consistent approval—mused, "Taking the sound of the moment (hip hop) as a backbone, 1987 steals sound artefacts from anywhere ... and meshes them together with King Boy's hysterical 'Clydeside' rap method with bewildering effect. ... [Y]ou could call this sampling technology's answer to T. S. Eliot's arch cut up work, The Wasteland. " "What's so good about The JAMs", the magazine said, "is the way they are capturing on disc the whole social and musical confusion and instability of 1987 Britain".
NME'''s Danny Kelly was not so impressed. He also felt that the record was underdeveloped and The JAMs were not the most skilled of practitioners. "Audacity, completely unfounded self-confidence, utter ruthlessness and a fast car will, of course, be useful attributes to the go-ahead noise-pirate of the 90s, but skill, feel, instinct, vision—y'know, boring old talent—will still be bottom line compulsories... it's in these latter commodities that the JAMs seem conspicuously undertooled." Compared to the output of DJ Code Money or Cut Creator ("all humour, vibrancy and colour... – aerosoled version[s] of The Book of Kells") Kelly felt Drummond's efforts to be a "glitter-crusted charity Christmas card". A later NME item called 1987 "the best comment on sampling culture ever made".
A retrospective review by AllMusic commented that 1987 is "a hilarious record" filled with "comments on music terrorism and [The JAMs'] own unique take on the Run-D.M.C. type of old-school rapping"; and The Penguin Price Guide for Record & CD Collectors called 1987 an "entirely brilliant example of the art of disc-jockey-as-producer". Giving another retrospective review from across the Atlantic, Trouser Press described 1987 as "energetic" and "a loopy dance album that isn't unlike a lot of sampled records, but proceeds from an entirely different cultural understanding."
Personnel
Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty were responsible for the concept and production of 1987, its lyrics and the TR-808 beatbox rhythms. Drummond provided rap, and an additional rapper introduced as 'Chike' appears on "Don't Take Five (Take What You Want)" and "Rockman Rock (Parts 2 and 3)". Duy Khiem contributed lead vocals to "Mẹ Ru Con", as well as clarinet and tenor sax to "Rockman Rock (Parts 2 and 3)" and "Next".
Track listing
Side one
Side two
"1987: The JAMs 45 Edits"
Following the enforced deletion of the 1987 album, the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu released an edited version as a 12" single, with all of the unauthorised samples removed, leaving sparse instrumentation, Drummond's social commentary and, in several cases, long periods of silence; the "Top of the Pops" section of the original LP yielded three minutes of silence on 45 Edits, and the only sample remaining from the original was The Fall's "Totally Wired."
The edited single was sold through normal retail channels and also offered as a "reward" to anyone who returned a copy of the LP to The JAMs' post office box. The single was released on 16 October 1987, and on 31 October 1987 The JAMs announced that the case with ABBA "is now closed". The sleevenotes to "1987: The JAMs 45 Edits" explain to the purchaser in a rather tongue-in-cheek fashion how to recreate the original 1987'' album for themselves:
This record is a version of our now deleted and illegal LP '1987, What The Fuck Is Going On?' with all of the copyright infringing 'samples' edited out. As this leaves less than 25 minutes of music we are able to sell it as a 12-inch 45. If you follow the instructions below you will, after some practice, be able to simulate the sound of our original record. To do this you will need 3 wired-up record decks, a pile of selected discs, one t.v. set and a video machine loaded with a cassette of edited highlights of last weeks 'Top of the Pops'. Deck one is to play this record on, the other two are to scratch in the missing parts using the selected records. For added authentic effect you could use a Roland 808 drum machine (well cheap and what we used in the original recordings) to play along behind your scratching.
Notes
References
1987 debut albums
The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu albums
KLF Communications albums
Recalled publications
Sampling controversies
Albums produced by the KLF
Hip hop albums by British artists
House music albums by British artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20%28What%20the%20Fuck%20Is%20Going%20On%3F%29 |
In quantum mechanics, the Wigner–Weyl transform or Weyl–Wigner transform (after Hermann Weyl and Eugene Wigner) is the invertible mapping between functions in the quantum phase space formulation and Hilbert space operators in the Schrödinger picture.
Often the mapping from functions on phase space to operators is called the Weyl transform or Weyl quantization, whereas the inverse mapping, from operators to functions on phase space, is called the Wigner transform. This mapping was originally devised by Hermann Weyl in 1927 in an attempt to map symmetrized classical phase space functions to operators, a procedure known as Weyl quantization. It is now understood that Weyl quantization does not satisfy all the properties one would require for consistent quantization and therefore sometimes yields unphysical answers. On the other hand, some of the nice properties described below suggest that if one seeks a single consistent procedure mapping functions on the classical phase space to operators, the Weyl quantization is the best option: a sort of normal coordinates of such maps. (Groenewold's theorem asserts that no such map can have all the ideal properties one would desire.)
Regardless, the Weyl–Wigner transform is a well-defined integral transform between the phase-space and operator representations, and yields insight into the workings of quantum mechanics. Most importantly, the Wigner quasi-probability distribution is the Wigner transform of the quantum density matrix, and, conversely, the density matrix is the Weyl transform of the Wigner function.
In contrast to Weyl's original intentions in seeking a consistent quantization scheme, this map merely amounts to a change of representation within quantum mechanics; it need not connect "classical" with "quantum" quantities. For example, the phase-space function may depend explicitly on Planck's constant ħ, as it does in some familiar cases involving angular momentum. This invertible representation change then allows one to express quantum mechanics in phase space, as was appreciated in the 1940s by Hilbrand J. Groenewold and José Enrique Moyal.
Definition of the Weyl quantization of a general observable
The following explains the Weyl transformation on the simplest, two-dimensional Euclidean phase space. Let the coordinates on phase space be , and let be a function defined everywhere on phase space. In what follows, we fix operators P and Q satisfying the canonical commutation relations, such as the usual position and momentum operators in the Schrödinger representation. We assume that the exponentiated operators and constitute an irreducible representation of the Weyl relations, so that the Stone–von Neumann theorem (guaranteeing uniqueness of the canonical commutation relations) holds.
The basic formula
The Weyl transform (or Weyl quantization) of the function is given by the following operator in Hilbert space,
Throughout, ħ is the reduced Planck constant.
It is instructive to perform the and integrals in the above formula first, which has the effect of computing the ordinary Fourier transform of the function , while leaving the operator . In that case, the Weyl transform can be written as
.
We may therefore think of the Weyl map as follows: We take the ordinary Fourier transform of the function , but then when applying the Fourier inversion formula, we substitute the quantum operators and for the original classical variables and , thus obtaining a "quantum version of ."
A less symmetric form, but handy for applications, is the following,
In the position representation
The Weyl map may then also be expressed in terms of the integral kernel matrix elements of this operator,
The inverse map
The inverse of the above Weyl map is the Wigner map, which takes the operator back to the original phase-space kernel function ,
For example, the Wigner map of the oscillator thermal distribution operator is
If one replaces in the above expression with an arbitrary operator, the resulting function may depend on Planck's constant , and may well describe quantum-mechanical processes, provided it is properly composed through the star product, below.
In turn, the Weyl map of the Wigner map is summarized by Groenewold's formula,
The Weyl quantization of polynomial observables
While the above formulas give a nice understanding of the Weyl quantization of a very general observable on phase space, they are not very convenient for computing on simple observables, such as those that are polynomials in and . In later sections, we will see that on such polynomials, the Weyl quantization represents the totally symmetric ordering of the noncommuting operators and .
For example, the Wigner map of the quantum angular-momentum-squared operator L2 is not just the classical angular momentum squared, but it further contains an offset term , which accounts for the nonvanishing angular momentum of the ground-state Bohr orbit.
Properties
Weyl quantization of polynomials
The action of the Weyl quantization on polynomial functions of and is completely determined by the following symmetric formula:
for all complex numbers and . From this formula, it is not hard to show that the Weyl quantization on a function of the form gives the average of all possible orderings of factors of and factors of .
For example, we have
While this result is conceptually natural, it is not convenient for computations when and are large. In such cases, we can use instead McCoy's formula
This expression gives an apparently different answer for the case of from the totally symmetric expression above. There is no contradiction, however, since the canonical commutation relations allow for more than one expression for the same operator. (The reader may find it instructive to use the commutation relations to rewrite the totally symmetric formula for the case of in terms of the operators , , and and verify the first expression in McCoy's formula with .)
It is widely thought that the Weyl quantization, among all quantization schemes, comes as close as possible to mapping the Poisson bracket on the classical side to the commutator on the quantum side. (An exact correspondence is impossible, in light of Groenewold's theorem.) For example, Moyal showed the
Theorem: If is a polynomial of degree at most 2 and is an arbitrary polynomial, then we have .
Weyl quantization of general functions
If is a real-valued function, then its Weyl-map image is self-adjoint.
If is an element of Schwartz space, then is trace-class.
More generally, is a densely defined unbounded operator.
The map is one-to-one on the Schwartz space (as a subspace of the square-integrable functions).
Deformation quantization
Intuitively, a deformation of a mathematical object is a family of the same kind of objects that depend on some parameter(s).
Here, it provides rules for how to deform the "classical" commutative algebra of observables to a quantum non-commutative algebra of observables.
The basic setup in deformation theory is to start with an algebraic structure (say a Lie algebra) and ask: Does there exist a one or more parameter(s) family of similar structures, such that for an initial value of the parameter(s) one has the same structure (Lie algebra) one started with? (The oldest illustration of this may be the realization of Eratosthenes in the ancient world that a flat earth was deformable to a spherical earth, with deformation parameter 1/R⊕.) E.g., one may define a noncommutative torus as a deformation quantization through a ★-product to implicitly address all convergence subtleties (usually not addressed in formal deformation quantization). Insofar as the algebra of functions on a space determines the geometry of that space, the study of the star product leads to the study of a non-commutative geometry deformation of that space.
In the context of the above flat phase-space example, the star product (Moyal product, actually introduced by Groenewold in 1946), ★ħ, of a pair of functions in , is specified by
The star product is not commutative in general, but goes over to the ordinary commutative product of functions in the limit of . As such, it is said to define a deformation of the commutative algebra of .
For the Weyl-map example above, the ★-product may be written in terms of the Poisson bracket as
Here, Π is the Poisson bivector, an operator defined such that its powers are
and
where {f1, f2} is the Poisson bracket. More generally,
where is the binomial coefficient.
Thus, e.g., Gaussians compose hyperbolically,
or
etc.
These formulas are predicated on coordinates in which the Poisson bivector is constant (plain flat Poisson brackets). For the general formula on arbitrary Poisson manifolds, cf. the Kontsevich quantization formula.
Antisymmetrization of this ★-product yields the Moyal bracket, the proper quantum deformation of the Poisson bracket, and the phase-space isomorph (Wigner transform) of the quantum commutator in the more usual Hilbert-space formulation of quantum mechanics. As such, it provides the cornerstone of the dynamical equations of observables in this phase-space formulation.
There results a complete phase space formulation of quantum mechanics, completely equivalent to the Hilbert-space operator representation, with star-multiplications paralleling operator multiplications isomorphically.
Expectation values in phase-space quantization are obtained isomorphically to tracing operator observables with the density matrix in Hilbert space: they are obtained by phase-space integrals of observables such as the above with the Wigner quasi-probability distribution effectively serving as a measure.
Thus, by expressing quantum mechanics in phase space (the same ambit as for classical mechanics), the above Weyl map facilitates recognition of quantum mechanics as a deformation (generalization, cf. correspondence principle) of classical mechanics, with deformation parameter . (Other familiar deformations in physics involve the deformation of classical Newtonian into relativistic mechanics, with deformation parameter v/c; or the deformation of Newtonian gravity into General Relativity, with deformation parameter Schwarzschild-radius/characteristic-dimension. Conversely, group contraction leads to the vanishing-parameter undeformed theories—classical limits.)
Classical expressions, observables, and operations (such as Poisson brackets) are modified by -dependent quantum corrections, as the conventional commutative multiplication applying in classical mechanics is generalized to the noncommutative star-multiplication characterizing quantum mechanics and underlying its uncertainty principle.
Despite its name, usually Deformation Quantization does not constitute a successful quantization scheme, namely a method to produce a quantum theory out of a classical one. Nowadays, it amounts to a mere representation change from Hilbert space to phase space.
Generalizations
In more generality, Weyl quantization is studied in cases where the phase space is a symplectic manifold, or possibly a Poisson manifold. Related structures include the Poisson–Lie groups and Kac–Moody algebras.
See also
Canonical commutation relation
Heisenberg group
Moyal bracket
Weyl algebra
Functor
Pseudo-differential operator
Wigner quasi-probability distribution
Stone–von Neumann theorem
Phase space formulation of quantum mechanics
Kontsevich quantization formula
Gabor–Wigner transform
Oscillator representation
References
Further reading
(Sections I to IV of this article provide an overview over the Wigner–Weyl transform, the Wigner quasiprobability distribution, the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics and the example of the quantum harmonic oscillator.)
Terence Tao's 2012 notes on Weyl ordering
Mathematical quantization
Mathematical physics
Foundational quantum physics
Concepts in physics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%E2%80%93Weyl%20transform |
Dominic O'Brien (10 August 1957) is a British mnemonist and an author of memory-related books. He is the eight time World Memory Champion and works as a trainer for Peak Performance Training.
He began developing his mnemonic techniques in 1987 when he saw Creighton Carvello memorise a pack of 52 playing cards in less than three minutes on the BBC television programme Record Breakers. To memorise numbers, O'Brien developed the mnemonic Dominic system, which is similar to the Major System. He has written books about memorisation techniques such as How to Develop a Perfect Memory, Quantum Memory Power, Learn to Remember, How to Pass Exams, The Winning Hand, and The Amazing Memory Box.
He gives lectures, and has been seen on television programmes such as The Human Body.
Dominic O'Brien had an entry in the Guinness Book of Records for his 1 May 2002 feat of committing to memory a random sequence of 2808 playing cards (54 packs) after looking at each card only once. He was able to correctly recite their order, making only eight errors, four of which he immediately corrected when told he was wrong.
Bibliography
How to Develop a Perfect Memory (1993)
How to Pass Exams (6 April 1995)
Super Memory Power (Books 1–4) (1997)
Learn to Remember (2000)
Quantum Memory Power (Jan 2001)
The Amazing Memory Box (27 September 2001)
Never Forget a Number or a Date (July 2002)
Never Forget a Name or Face (Sep 2002)
Never Forget a Speech (21 August 2003)
Never Forget Facts and Figures (21 August 2003)
The Amazing Memory Kit (13 October 2005)
How to Develop a Brilliant Memory Week by Week (Nov 2005)
How to Improve Your Memory (16 February 2010)
You Can Have an Amazing Memory (May 2011)
The Brilliant Memory Tool Kit (5 June 2012)
References
External links
Dominic System App
Dominic System
Appearance on Wetten, dass..? in 1989
Living people
1957 births
British mnemonists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic%20O%27Brien |
The Crowd was a charity supergroup formed specifically to produce a charity record for the Bradford City stadium fire, in which 56 people died on 11 May 1985. The group consisted of singers, actors, television personalities and others.
Gerry Marsden of Gerry and the Pacemakers had decided to make a charity record to aid the families of the victims of the disaster (the Bradford City Disaster Fund). The re-recording of the 1963 number 1 hit song "You'll Never Walk Alone" from the Broadway musical Carousel, also a 'football anthem' for Liverpool supporters, entered the UK charts at No. 52, leaping to number 4 the following week and then reaching Number 1 on 15 June 1985. The record also topped the Irish Singles Chart. The single gave Gerry Marsden a 'first' in British recording history, by becoming the first person ever to top the charts with two versions of the same song.
Contributing musicians and celebrities
The band and celebrity members included: Bruce Forsyth, Denny Laine, Jim Diamond, Tony Christie, Rick Wakeman, John Conteh, The Barron Knights, Jess Conrad, Kiki Dee, the Foxes, Rolf Harris, Graham Gouldman, Kenny Lynch, Rick Wild of The Overlanders, Keith Chegwin, Tony Hicks, Colin Blunstone, Tim Hinkley, Johnny Logan, Zak Starkey, Girlschool, Black Lace, John Otway, Gary Holton, Peter Cook, the Nolans, John Entwistle of The Who, Motörhead, Dave Lee Travis, Graham Dene, Ed Stewart, Phil Lynott, Smokie, Joe Fagin, Eddie Hardin, Gerard Kenny, Tim Healy, John Verity, Rose Marie, David Shilling, Chris Norman, Bernie Winters, Robert Heaton, and Frank Allen of The Searchers.
Paul McCartney contributed some words on the B-side of the record which was titled "Messages".
See also
Bradford City A.F.C.
References
External links
1985 establishments in England
1985 disestablishments in England
Musical advocacy groups
Charities based in West Yorkshire
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups disestablished in 1985
Charity supergroups
British supergroups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crowd%20%28band%29 |
Laurier Macdonald High School (), abbreviated traditionally as "LMAC" but occasionally as "LMHS," is an English-language public school in the east end of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The school is named for John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada and a Father of Confederation and Wilfrid Laurier, the first French-Canadian Prime Minister of Canada. Formerly part of La Commission Scolaire Jérôme-Le Royer, the school has been part of the English Montreal School Board since 1998. Both its male and female sports teams compete as the Rams. Enrollment is slightly over 800 students in Secondary I, II, III, IV and V.
Cristina Celzi is the current principal of Laurier Macdonald High School. Ivan Spilak is the current vice-principal. The school has two full-time guidance counsellors and a nurse.
The school colours are orange and black. Traditional uniform colours are white and grey. The motto is Finis Coronat Opus (Latin for "The end crowns the work").
History
Laurier Macdonald opened in September 1969 without a building. The new school was to serve the English-speaking Catholic population of the City of Saint-Léonard. While an older building at 5750 Metropolitan Autoroute (A-40) originally built as a factory was being converted into a high school, the Commission Scolaire Jérôme-Le Royer rented classrooms at a nearby Protestant school (Dunton High School) so that students could attend classes during the late afternoon and early evening. This arrangement ended in early 1970 when the Metropolitan Autoroute facility was ready. Within a few years, however, the old building's limitations were judged to be too serious, in spite of the renovations, and the school board began discussing the construction of a new building in earnest.
The changing political climate in the province proved to be a problem, however. The Parti Québécois government had declared a moratorium on the construction of English schools shortly after its accession to power in the fall of 1976. A student strike was organized in the month of November 1973, led by a rebellious student named Frank Fazzari, to bring to the public's attention the harm caused by the treatment of all English-speaking schools in the eastern part of Montreal.
The strike by students was the answer to the school being neglected by the Jerome le Royer School Board. An overpopulated school with a capacity of 800 students was serving 1200 students. The school was in complete disarray with one janitor to maintain the facilities, with no washroom facilities operational, doors with no locks, holes in cinder block walls, shortage of classrooms, and unsanitary conditions. Needless to say, the facilities were not the ideal setting for teachers and students vying for the ultimate goal of a proper education.
The walkout was well documented in both the English and French media. A front-page article in the now-defunct Montreal Star depicted the story of neglect with a picture of Frank Fazzari holding up one broken sink in the washroom as a symbol of defiance towards the neglect of English-speaking students had to endure.
As this was happening, the Jérôme Le Royer School Board had just completed, in 1969, the most advanced comprehensive French speaking high school on the territory of Saint-Léonard, Antoine de St-Exupéry, while Laurier Macdonald was nothing more than a school in rented facilities. This was much to the dismay of the population of Saint-Léonard's English-speaking parents and students. However, with the opening of the new Antoine de St-Exupéry francophone high school, the building formerly used to house French-speaking students was now available. The Aime Renaud building (also a rented building on Metropolitan) became a junior English High School to feed Laurier Macdonald. This greatly alleviated the overcrowding at Laurier Macdonald. Aime Renaud High School was used as a junior high for Secondary I and II while Laurier Macdonald was used for Secondary III, IV and V.
The media pressure and exposure prompted a quick reaction from the school board with a meeting with the student council who presented a petition on behalf of the students with the demands that their school be equipped with the maintenance and the proper equipment to operate a school burdened by overpopulation.
The board's reaction was a temporary closing of the school for one week and much to the dismay of all the members at the school board, they managed to repair, paint and fix all the anomalies. in the school. The media was invited to see all the repairs.
This spurred the quest to build a school that would match the comprehensive high school of the French-speaking community. It is the belief of many that attended the first years at the Metropolitan facilities that their determination was to be the voice of defiance that led to the awakening of the necessity for better school facilities.
A debt of gratitude is owed to Joseph Lalla for directing the students on the eve of the strike, with the use of his political savviness and knowledge of using the media as a propaganda tool and the use of his telephone in his office to contact the media.
The school board then decided to extend a small elementary school, École Sir George-Étienne-Cartier, at the corner of Jean-Talon and Viau streets. The project would not have been approved by the provincial Department of Education had it been presented otherwise. The new (and current building) opened for the 1983–4 school year. Roussin Academy in Pointe-aux-Trembles was closed and the students were transferred to the new Laurier Macdonald for the 1983–4 school year.
Laurier Macdonald was a comprehensive high school from 1983 (or in French, école polyvalente) until that distinction was abolished provincially in the early 1990s. These schools offered high school students the possibility of vocational training in the last cycle of secondary education. Until September 2020 it was school the only remaining English-language senior high school on the island of Montreal, serving only Secondary III, IV, and V students. It has been non-confessional since the school board reorganization of 1998. Previously, public schools in the province of Quebec had been organized along confessional lines (Protestant or Catholic) instead of linguistic lines (English or French).
Past staff and alumni
Louis Balena served as the second principal of Laurier Macdonald, succeeding Miss T. Arbour, from the early 1970s until the late 1980s. Frank Vatrano and Tony Cambria succeeded him but both had short tenures, with Vatrano passing away shortly after becoming principal. Renzo Orsi (1991–1993) followed. He organized the Honours Plus Programme, the forerunner of today's IB Programme, and supported the expansion of the school's Communication Arts programme. Other principals included Joseph Lalla (1993–1996), Mario Tirelli (1996–2000), Pasquale Buttino (2000–2007), Eileen Kelly (2007–2011), and Luigi Santamaria (2011-2020).
Notable graduates of Laurier Macdonald include multiple, award-winning IMAX producer and filmmaker Pietro L. Serapiglia (class of 1973) – Titanica, Super Speedway, Rocky Mountain Express, Grey Cup winners Randy Chevrier and Danny Maciocia, former head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos in the Canadian Football League, Frank Zampino (1976), former Chairman of the Executive Committee of the City of Montreal, and Hussain Yoosuf, a former member of the Juno Award-winning Canadian hip-hop pioneers Dream Warriors who went on to a career as a solo artist under the stage name of "Spek".
The school named its pastoral centre (now referred to as the Spiritual and Community Life Center) after Father Gagné, a former pastoral animator at Laurier Macdonald, its sports complex after Canadian runner and activist, Terry Fox, its auditorium after Ralph Iadeluca, a former school commissioner at Jérôme-Le Royer, and one of its lounges after Marguerite McKee, a former French teacher. All designations were made posthumously.
Laurier Macdonald High School is one of the few public high schools in the Montreal area to have an alumni association. It was founded by Francis Scardera (Class of '84) and is a registered non-profit association. The association helps organize 10, 20, and 25-year reunions. All proceeds go to special projects in the school. The association has a website. Alumni can register their email addresses there. Facebook groups are created for reunions as needed.
Today
The reorganization of the school boards in 1998 opened up Laurier Macdonald to students from throughout the Island of Montreal, allowing anyone who lives (roughly) east of the Décarie Autoroute (A-15) to attend. Nevertheless, most students still come from Saint-Léonard and Anjou, with significant numbers from Rivière-des-Prairies, Laval and Montréal-Nord. The student body is overwhelmingly Italian, Catholic and middle-class, reflecting the generally homogeneous make-up of Saint-Léonard's English-speaking population.
John Paul I Junior High School (secondary I and II) used to be the main feeder school for Laurier Macdonald. John Paul l was closed by the Government of Quebec in June 2019 all students and staff were transferred to Laurier Macdonald. For the 2019-2020 school year, John Paul l still operated as a separate school only sharing the building with Laurier Macdonald. However, as of September 2020 John Paul l was fully integrated into Laurier Macdonald and it became a secondary l to V High School. This erased Laurier Macdonald's distinction as one of the last remaining high schools to only offer secondary lll to V in English, in Montreal. The English elementary schools of St. Leonard (Dante, Honoré-Mercier and Pierre-de-Coubertin) are the main feeder schools for Laurier Macdonald High School.
Laurier Macdonald is not a 240 school (named for the corresponding section of the provincial Education Act) and therefore accepts any student eligible by law to receive English instruction in a Quebec public school. While the school's performance in the controversial Fraser Institute rankings has improved slowly over the past several years, Principal Pasquale Buttino commented in local newspapers in 2005 that he felt the school's academic record was being misrepresented. Buttino observed that Laurier Macdonald has always boasted a graduation rate of over ninety percent since it opened in 1969 and that many avant-garde projects, specifically those of the Communication Arts department, are not considered by the Fraser Institute during the preparation of school rankings.
Athletics
Laurier Macdonald was traditionally strong in basketball and football. During the 1980s, the school also won titles in swimming and volleyball. Since the 1990s, the school's strongest showings, including several championships, have been in soccer, track and field and flag football. During the 2003 outdoor season a milestone was achieved when Coach Sam Longo led both the senior and junior men's team to the GMAA championships. This achievement was displayed in The Montreal Gazette. Greats from the senior teams included Brian Ceterina, goalie. Several players from the squad have played for Quebec's provincial team including Massimo Di Ioia who played for the Canadian U20 national team and signed a pro contract with the Montreal Impact for the 2007 season. He led the team in scoring with an outstanding 27 goals in 12 regular season games and was named MVP for the men's soccer team. Many of the championship teams are honoured with mosaics in the school's sports complex. Championship banners hang in the gymnasium.
Publications
The school regularly published several newspapers and magazines until they were all discontinued over the past several years. OPUS, a quarterly school newspaper, won the Montreal Gazette'''s award for excellence in student journalism several times during the 1990s. Circulation peaked at over 5000 copies when the newspaper was distributed not only to students at Laurier Macdonald but also to those at its feeder schools in Saint-Léonard, Anjou and Pointe-aux-Trembles. Other publications included: Inkblot (student artwork), the Laureate (student creative writing and poetry), Mediascape (student photography) and Wrap-Up'', a daily school newsletter.
The Communication Arts department at Laurier Macdonald has become especially renowned over the past several years for its innovative curriculum. Students have published award-winning books on the Canadian immigrant experience which have received praise both at home and abroad.
Laurier Macdonald RadioClub
Radio Laurier Macdonald began regular broadcasts in May 2006. The station broadcasts throughout the campus via carrier current on 560 AM.
Radio RUNTS existed in the old Laurier Macdonald on Metropolitan. It was a 15-minute radio show that was broadcast over the intercom system once every 2 weeks at the end of the last period on Friday afternoons. When the move was made to new building, it became a lunchtime broadcast in the cafeteria.
In 2007 it was re-opened by former students; Gino Gentile, Michele Infante and Giuseppe Baldino until their graduating year of 2008. Unfortunately, the lack of funds and neglect of equipment caused it to forgotten and left behind ever since.
Notes
External links
Laurier Macdonald High School
English Montreal School Board
Laurier Macdonald Alumni Foundation
Une station de radio à Laurier-Macdonald from Le Progrès Saint-Léonard (French only)
English-language schools in Quebec
Educational institutions established in 1969
High schools in Montreal
International Baccalaureate schools in Quebec
English Montreal School Board
Saint-Leonard, Quebec
1969 establishments in Quebec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurier%20Macdonald%20High%20School |
was the fourth of the six ships completed in the of light cruisers for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), and like other vessels of her class, she was intended for use as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla. She served in the early stages of World War II.
Background and description
The second batch of three Nagara-class cruisers, including Yura, was authorized by the Diet as part of the 8-6 Fleet Completion Program on 12 March 1918 although they were not funded until the Fiscal Year 1920 Naval Estimates. The ships were intended to serve as flagships for destroyer and submarine squadrons, long-range scouts for the battlefleet, and to protect Japanese merchant shipping. The Nagara class was intended to displace at (standard load) and at normal load, but was slightly overweight and actually displaced . They had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of Their crew numbered 37 officers and 413 enlisted men. When serving as a flagship, an additional 5 officers and 22 enlisted men were embarked.
The Nagaras propulsion system consisted of four geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam from a dozen Kampon water-tube boilers. All of the boilers but two were oil-fired and those used a mixed-firing system where fuel oil was sprayed onto the coal to increase power. The turbines developed a total of and were intended to give the cruisers a speed of . Yura only reached from when the ship ran her sea trials on 18 February 1923. The ships carried enough fuel oil and coal to give them a range of at , an increase of from their designed range.
Armament, fire control and protection
The cruisers' main battery consisted of seven 3rd Year Type guns in single gun mounts protected by gun shields. Five of the guns were mounted on the centerline, one pair mounted back to back forward of the bridge and three aft of the funnels, on the aft superstructure. The remaining guns were positioned abreast the bridge, one on each broadside. For anti-aircraft defense, the ships were fitted with a pair of 3rd Year Type anti-aircraft (AA) guns abreast the middle funnel and two Type 3 heavy machine guns on a platform between the middle and rear funnels, one on each broadside. The ships were equipped with four rotating Type 8 twin-tube mounts for Type 8 torpedoes, two mounts on each broadside. Each tube was provided with a single reload torpedo forward of the mount. The Nagara-class ships were fitted with two rails at the stern that could accommodate 48 No. 1 naval mines These were actually a pair of mines that were connected by a cable and were intended to be dropped ahead of ahead of enemy ships so that hitting the cable would draw one or both mines in towards the ship's hull.
The main guns were controlled by a Type 13 director located at the top of the tripod mast. To determine the distance to the target, a pair of rangefinders were fitted, one on the bridge and the other near the 6.5 mm machine guns. An additional rangefinder was positioned on a platform between the forward and middle funnels.
The armor of the 5,500-ton cruisers was designed to protect against American shells and the ships were equipped with a waterline armor belt thick amidships that protected the propulsion machinery. Made from high-tensile steel, it consisted of a inner plate and an outer plate. The belt connected to the armored deck at the top and the double bottom below. The deck armor was also high-tensile steel, thick.
Aircraft
Inspired by the British deployment of aviation facilities aboard their C-class and Danae-class cruisers, the Nagara-class cruisers were built with an aircraft hangar in the forward superstructure and a flying-off platform that extended over one of the forward guns. Yura conducted trials with a Yokosuka E1Y2 reconnaissance floatplane in 1927–1928 that was stowed on the flying-off platform and lowered to the sea for takeoff and recovered by a derrick installed next to the bridge. The ship had an experimental spring-powered catapult installed on the platform in mid-1930 for trials with an Aichi E3A1 floatplane. Numerous accidents caused its replacement in October by a cordite-powered, Kure Type 2, Model 2 catapult.
During Yuras September 1933 – January 1934 refit, the hangar was converted into offices for the admiral's staff, radio rooms and storage compartments, the flying-off platform, its catapult and the derrick was removed and a rotating Kure Type 2, Model 3 catapult was installed forward of the mainmast, between two gun mounts. The pole mainmast was converted into a tripod mast with a stronger derrick to handle the aircraft. The cruiser operated a Nakajima E4N2 floatplane until the end of 1934 when a Kawanishi E7K floatplane was embarked.
Modifications
During her September 1933 – January 1934 refit, the ship's anti-aircraft suite was upgraded; the 76 mm AA guns was replaced by twin mounts for Type 93 machine guns and the 6.5 mm machine guns were replaced by Lewis guns. In addition a quadruple mount for Type 93 machine guns was installed in front of the bridge and the 2.5-meter rangefinder on the bridge was replaced by a model. After the torpedo boat capsized during a storm in 1934, the IJN realized that many of its ships were top-heavy and began modifying them to make them more stable. Yura began her modifications in October that included reducing the amount of equipment above the upper deck, shortening the foremast, and adding of ballast. The IJN took advantage of the ship's time in the shipyard to convert the mixed-firing boilers to fuel oil only and converting the lower coal bunkers to oil storage and the upper bunkers to a radio room and storage compartments. The ship was also modified to pump of seawater aboard to her improve her stability as necessary.
After several of the 5,500-ton cruisers suffered structural damage during the Fourth Fleet Incident in 1935, the ship's hull was strengthened by reinforcing the joints and adding Ducol steel plates to the deck and sides in 1936–1937. A single BI machine gun was installed on the bridge in July 1937. The 13.2 mm machine gun mounts were replaced by four 2.5 cm Type 96 AA guns in twin mounts in 1938.
Construction and career
Yura, named after the Yura River, was laid down on 21 May 1921 at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal, launched on 15 February 1922 and completed on 20 March 1923. The ship became the flagship of the 5th Cruiser Squadron (Sendai) which included her sister ships , , and on 1 April. Together with 2nd Destroyer Squadron, the 5th Squadron patrolled Chinese waters between 25 August and 4 September. The squadron, now consisting of Yura, Nagara and Natori, was assigned to the Second Fleet on 1 December. Reinforced by the light cruiser in May, the division made a cruise to Hahajima Island in October 1924. On 1 December, Yura became a private ship in the 5th Squadron which patrolled Chinese waters off the Yangtze River delta, Qingdao (Tsingtao) and Dalian (Dairen) from 25 March to 23 April 1925. The squadron made another cruise off Qindao beginning on 29 March 1926, but Yura returned to Sasebo on 1 April. She was commanded by Captain Soemu Toyoda from November 1926 to November 1927 and became flagship of Submarine Squadron 1 on 1 December. Two weeks later, the ship began trials with a Yokosuka E1Y2 floatplane and led her squadron on a patrol off Qindao from 26–27 March to 16 April 1927 together with the Third Cruiser Squadron. Yura was reduced to reserve at Sasebo on 1 December 1927.
On 10 December 1928, the ship was reactivated with Captain Otagaki Tomisaburō in command and became flagship of the Third Cruiser Squadron of the First Fleet. Escorted by the First Destroyer Squadron, the unit patrolled Chinese waters off Qindao, Dalian, and Qinhuangdao (Chinwangtao) from 29 March to 21 April 1929. Captain Wada Senzō replaced Otagaki on 1 November. The following year, the cruiser squadron visited Dalian in March–April. Yura was fitted with a spring-powered catapult for trials mid-year, but they were unsatisfactory and the catapult was replaced by a cordite-powered one in October 1930. The ship was placed in reserved on 1 December at Sasebo, but she was reactivated on 1 December 1931 and rejoined the Third Cruiser Squadron under the command of Captain Umataro Tanimoto.
Following the Manchurian Incident and the subsequent Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) instigated riots in Shanghai, China, that allowed it to attack units of the Chinese Army in and around Shanghai on 28 January 1932. The IJN dispatched the Third Cruiser Squadron, consisting of Yura, and her sisters and to the Shanghai area on 28–29 January. On 4 February, the squadron bombarded Chinese fortifications and positions at Wusong, near the confluence of the Huangpu River and the Yangtze River estuary. Yura and the supported attacks by the 9th Division and continued to provide gunfire support until their departure on 20 March. Upon her arrival back in Sasebo, Yura was docked for several months to repair damage inflicted by the muzzle blast of her own guns.
The ship remained part of the Third Cruiser Division until 20 May 1933 when all three sisters were transferred to the newly formed 7th Cruiser Squadron. Captain Rokuzō Sugiyama commanded the ship from 15 June to 15 November 1933. The squadron visited ports in Japanese Taiwan on 5–15 July and then patrolled southern Chinese waters until returning to Japan on 21 August, after which it participated in a fleet review off Yokohama four days later. Yura became the flagship of the Second Submarine Squadron on 1 November, although she had begun a lengthy refit in September that lasted until 25 January 1934. The squadron made a brief visit to Qingdao between 27 September and 5 October. After her return, the ship had a refit that improved her stability that lasted until January 1935 and Captain Wakabayashi Seisaku assumed command on 1 November. The squadron departed for a cruise off the Kurile Islands on 7 February 1935 and returned on 25 February. It participated in the Great Maneuvers of the Combined Fleet from 20 July to 2 October. Yura was assigned to the Sasebo Guard Squadron, formed from ships in reserve, on 15 November and had her hull strengthened and her engines repaired during a refit from 10 June 1936 to March 1937.
Yura became the flagship of Cruiser Squadron 8, commanded by Rear Admiral Chūichi Nagumo, of the First Fleet when she was recommissioned in March. The squadron made a cruise to Qingdao, returning to Japan on 6 April. After the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July, the cruisers departed Sasebo for a brief patrol in northern Chinese waters on 22 July, returning eight days later. The squadron was deployed to the Shanghai area on 10 August and supported operations there until returning home on 23 October. It was redeployed to that area a week later to support the amphibious landings by the IJA on the northern coast of Hangzhou Bay, south of Shanghai, in early November and arrived back at Sasebo on 22 November, after Captain Ichioka Hisashi had taken command on 15 November. Yura became a private ship on 1 December and had a brief refit from 24 March to 7 April 1938. The squadron patrolled southern Chinese waters later in April and the area off Shanghai in September. It reinforced the blockade of southern Chinese waters in October and November. The 8th Cruiser Squadron made a brief cruise of northern Chinese waters between 22 March 1939 and 2 April. Yura spent most of the month of August operating in southern Chinese waters. On 15 November the cruiser became the flagship of the Fifth Submarine Squadron which was assigned to the newly formed Fourth Fleet which was tasked with the defense of the islands of the South Seas Mandate. To this purpose Yura and her submarines operated there between 16 May 1940 and 22 September. The squadron was transferred to the Combined Fleet on 15 November and the ship patrolled the South China Sea in February–March 1941.
As of 1 September 1941, Yura was the flagship of Rear Admiral Daigo Tadashige, commander of the Fifth Submarine Squadron. The squadron was ordered to proceed to Palau with four submarines, , , , and on 26 November. They were diverted to Sanya, Hainan Island, where they arrived on 3 December and assigned to the Malaya Invasion Force.
Early stages of the Pacific War
When the attack on Pearl Harbor began on 8 December (Japanese time), Yura was covering the first troop convoy south of the Cape of Camau, French Indochina, while her submarines were part of a patrol line north of the Anambas Islands. The following afternoon, I-65 spotted the British Force Z, (the battleship , battlecruiser and supporting destroyers) that was enroute to the Gulf of Siam to attack the convoy. The submarine had problems transmitting its report so that Yura and the other addressees had difficulties decoding it and it took about two hours before the news was received by Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa, commander of the invasion force. I-65 pursued Force Z until it was forced to dive when it spotted an unknown aircraft. Yura unsuccessfully searched for the British ships west of Poulo Condore Island until they were located and sunk by IJN torpedo bombers based in Indochina on 10 December, after which the ship proceeded to Cam Ranh Bay.
Yura was then attached to No. 2 Escort Unit for the rest of the month, escorting troop convoys during the invasion of Borneo from 13 – 26 December, and covering amphibious landings in Brunei, Miri, Seria, and Kuching. The assaulting troops occupied their objectives against little resistance, and Yura returned to Cam Ranh Bay on 27 December to begin a refit that lasted until 16 January 1942. Daigo hauled down his flag on 19 January and Yura became a private ship. She was assigned to the Main Force of the Escort Group of the Malay Force two days later and covered the landings at Endau, British Malaya, on 26 January. The ship patrolled the area between Cap St. Jacques (Vũng Tàu) and Natuna Besar until her return to Cam Ranh Bay on 3 February.
The cruiser was assigned to No. 2 Escort Unit in February to command the escort force for the 38th Division invading Sumatra in the Dutch East Indies, but she was reassigned to the covering force for the operation from the First Southern Expeditionary Fleet on 8 February. The unit departed Cam Ranh Bay two days later. A reconnaissance aircraft spotted ships north of Banka Strait that appeared to be escaping from British Singapore on 12 February and Ozawa split his force to intercept the ships before they could attack the invasion convoys. The British gunboat escaped detection and was able to set one Japanese transport on fire before she was sunk by Yura and the destroyers and on the evening of 14 February. The small Dutch cargo ship SS Makassar scuttled itself when approached by Yura and Asagiri the following evening. The cruiser covered the landings of troops at Palembang, Bangka Island, and Bantam Bay and Merak on Java during the rest of the month.
On 1 March 1942, the Dutch submarine fired two torpedoes at Yura, but both either missed or were duds. On 4 March, the ship rescued the crew of the oil tanker Erimo that had been sunk by the American submarine . Assigned to the No. 1 Escort Unit on 6 March, Yura escorted the invasion convoy for and covered the landings in Northern Sumatra (Operation T) until 15 March when she arrived at Penang, Occupied Malaya.
Indian Ocean Raids
To prepare for offensive operations against the Royal Navy in the Indian Ocean and to secure the line of communication between Singapore and Occupied Burma, the IJN General Staff ordered on 4 February that the Andaman Islands should be seized when practicable (Operation D). No. 1 Escort Unit, including Yura, and three troopships departed Penang on 20 March. The Japanese troops made an unopposed landing on Ross Island three days later. Yura arrived at Mergui, Burma, on 28 March.
In April, Yura was assigned to the raids in the Indian Ocean under Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's Second Expeditionary Fleet. Yura, accompanied by the destroyers , , , and , departed Mergui and steamed into the Bay of Bengal with the cruisers and , , and and the light carrier to attack Allied merchant shipping. On 6 April 1942, east of Kalingapatnam in the Bay of Bengal Yura and Yūgiri sank the Dutch merchant vessel Batavia en route from Calcutta to Karachi. Yura and Yūgiri also sank the Dutch motorship Banjoewangi and the British steamer Taksang. At the end of April, Yura returned to Sasebo Naval Arsenal for a refit.
Battle of Midway
On 10 May 1942, Yura was made flagship of Rear Admiral Shōji Nishimura's 4th Destroyer Squadron. At the Battle of Midway, the squadron also included Captain Ranji Oe's 3rd Destroyer Division of 4 destroyers and Captain Yasuo Satō's 9th Destroyer Division of 3 destroyers. The 4th Destroyer Squadron was under the overall command of Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondō, but did not see combat at Midway.
Solomon Islands Campaigns
On 7 August 1942 the United States began "Operation Watchtower" to retake Guadalcanal and the Solomon Islands. Yura was dispatched to Truk with Vice Admiral Kondō's IJN Second Fleet to begin reinforcement operations, and was thus at the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24 August 1942. Although the light carrier Ryūjō was sunk and was damaged, Yura emerged unscathed, and returned to Truk on 5 September 1942.
For the remainder of September 1942, Yura patrolled between Truk, Guadalcanal and the Shortland Islands. On 25 September 1942, while at Shortland, she was attacked by two Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers of the USAAF 11th Bomb Group based at Espiritu Santo and was slightly damaged.
On 11 October 1942, the submarine claimed a torpedo hit forward of Yuras bridge that inflicted minor damage, but postwar analysis failed to confirm this attack and Yura was apparently not damaged this day. On 12 October 1942, Yura departed Shortland to escort the seaplane tender and Chitose returning from a transport run from Guadalcanal, and on 14 October 1942, Yura assisted in landing 1,100 troops on Cape Esperance, Guadalcanal. Another "Tokyo Express" troop transport run to Guadalcanal was made on 17 October 1942 to carry 2,100 troops, field artillery pieces and anti-tank guns.
On 18 October 1942, en route back to Shortland, Yura was attacked by the submarine off Choiseul Island. Grampus fired four Mark 14 Torpedoes at Yura. One hit but did not explode, and Yura departed the area with a dent in her port side.
On 24 October 1942, Yura departed Shortland to bombard Guadalcanal with the No. 2 Attack Unit consisting of Rear Admiral Tamotsu Takama's flagship , , and . At the north entrance to Indispensable Strait, off Guadalcanal, on 25 October 1942 (the day before the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands), Yura, leading an attack group of destroyers off Santa Isabel Island in the Solomons was attacked by five SBD Dauntless dive-bombers of VS-71 and hit aft by two bombs near the engine room. She flooded and settled by the stern. After receiving reports of the attack, Vice Admiral Mikawa, CINC, IJN Eighth Fleet, cancelled Rear Admiral Takama's bombardment mission. The No. 2 Attack Unit reversed course back towards Shortland. On the way back, Yura was attacked again by three USAAF P-39 Airacobras and by four Marine SBDs, but these attacks failed to cause any additional damage. Captain Shiro Sato attempted to beach Yura but she was attacked again by four SBDs, three F4F Wildcats and four P-39s. Soon afterwards, Yura was attacked again by six USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress bombers from Espiritu Santo. These attacks reignited Yuras fires. At 18:30, after her crew was taken off, Japanese destroyers Harusame and Yūdachi scuttled Yura with torpedoes. She broke in two and her forward portion sank. At 19:00, her stern portion was sunk by gunfire from Yudachi at . Yura was removed from the navy list on 20 November 1942.
Notes
Bibliography
Nagara-class cruisers
Ships built by Sasebo Naval Arsenal
1922 ships
Second Sino-Japanese War cruisers of Japan
World War II cruisers of Japan
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Maritime incidents in October 1942
Scuttled vessels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20cruiser%20Yura |
The third Women's Hockey Olympic Qualifier for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia was held in Cape Town, South Africa, from Wednesday 15 November to Saturday 26 November 1995. Eight nations took part, and they played a round robin. The top five teams joined the other three that have already qualified: Australia, title holders Spain, and hosts the United States.
Squads
Head Coach: Rodolfo Mendoza
Mariana Arnal (GK)
Verónica Artica (GK)
María Camardón
Silvia Corvalán
Sofía MacKenzie
Magdalena Aicega
Julieta Castellán
Gabriela Sánchez
Anabel Gambero
Jorgelina Rimoldi
Karina Masotta
Vanina Oneto
María Castelli
Gabriela Pando
Cecilia Rognoni
Head Coach:
Deb Whitten (GK)
Tara Croxford
Laurelee Kopeck
Nicole Colaco
Lisa Faust
Amy MacFarlane
Carla Somerville
Sue Reid
Veronica Planella
Karen MacNeill
Chris Hunter
Tammy Holt
Gillian Sewell
Krista Thompson
Head Coach: Berti Rauth
Birgit Beyer (GK)
Susie Wollschläger (GK)
Simone Thomaschinski
Eva Hagenbäumer
Denise Klecker
Irina Kuhnt
Britta Becker
Melanie Cremer
Tanja Dickenscheid
Heike Lätzsch
Franziska Hentschel
Nadine Ernsting-Krienke
Natascha Keller
Vanessa van Kooperen
Philippa Suxdorf
Katrin Kauschke
Head Coach: Sue Slocombe
Joanne Thompson (GK)
Jill Atkins
Karen Brown
Susan Fraser
Lucy Cope
Mandy Davies
Pauline Robertson
Tammy Miller
Jane Sixsmith
Susan MacDonald
Anna Bennett
Hilary Rose (GK)
Rhona Simpson
Amanda Nicholson
Diana Renilson
Christine Cook
Head Coach: Tom van 't Hek
Jacqueline Toxopeus (GK)
Stella de Heij (GK)
Willemijn Duyster
Wendy Fortuin
Noor Holsboer
Marlies Vossen
Dillianne van den Boogaard
Suzanne Plesman
Jeannette Lewin
Suzan van der Wielen
Florentine Steenberghe
Margje Teeuwen
Nicole Koolen
Mijntje Donners
Ellen Kuipers
Wietske de Ruiter
Head Coach: Kelly Fairweather
Caryn Bentley
Paulene de Bruin
Jill Dix (GK)
C Mangion (GK)
Jacqueline Geyser
Nicky du Toit (GK)
Sherylle Calder
Gill Daniels
Hanneli Arnoldi
Michele MacNaughton
Caroline Matthews
Karen Roberts
Lindsey Carlisle
Sharon Cormack
Karen Symons
Kerry Bee
Alison Dare
Results
Standings
Fixtures
Final standings
The top five teams qualified for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.
Goalscorers
See also
1996 Men's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier
References
Overview on FIH-site
Q
Field hockey
International women's field hockey competitions hosted by South Africa
1995W
Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Qualification for the 1996 Summer Olympics
November 1995 sports events in Africa
1990s in Cape Town
Sports competitions in Cape Town
1995 in South African women's sport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Women%27s%20Field%20Hockey%20Olympic%20Qualifier |
NGC 5548 is a Type I Seyfert galaxy with a bright, active nucleus. This activity is caused by matter flowing onto a 65 million solar mass () supermassive black hole at the core. Morphologically, this is an unbarred lenticular galaxy with tightly-wound spiral arms, while shell and tidal tail features suggest that it has undergone a cosmologically-recent merger or interaction event. NGC 5548 is approximately 245 million light years away and appears in the constellation Boötes. The apparent visual magnitude of NGC 5548 is approximately 13.3 in the V band.
In 1943, this galaxy was one of twelve nebulae listed by American astronomer Carl Keenan Seyfert that showed broad emission lines in their nuclei. Members of this class of objects became known as Seyfert galaxies, and they were noted to have a higher than normal surface brightness in their nuclei. Observation of NGC 5548 during the 1960s with radio telescopes showed an enhanced level of radio emission. Spectrograms of the nucleus made in 1966 showed that the energized region was confined to a volume a few parsecs across, where temperature were around and the plasma had a dispersion velocity of ±450 km/s.
Among astronomers, the accepted explanation for the active nucleus in NGC 5548 is the accretion of matter onto a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the core. This object is surrounded by an orbiting disk of accreted matter drawn in from the surroundings. As material is drawn into the outer parts of this disk, it becomes photoionized, producing broad emission lines in the optical and ultraviolet bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. A wind of ionized matter, organized in filamentary structures at distances of 1–14 light days from the center, is flowing outward in the direction perpendicular to the accretion disk plane.
The mass of the central black hole can be estimated based on the properties of the emission lines in the core region. Combined measurements yield an estimated mass of . In other words, it is some 65 million times the mass of the Sun. This result is consistent with other methods of estimating the mass of the SMBH in the nucleus of NGC 5548. Matter is falling onto this black hole at the estimated rate of per year, whereas mass is flowing outward from the core at or above the rate of each year. The inner part of the accretion disk surrounding the SMBH forms a thick, hot corona spanning several light hours that is emitting X-rays. When this radiation reaches the optically thick part of the accretion disk at a radius of around 1–2 light days, the X-rays are converted into heat.
References
External links
5548
Unbarred lenticular galaxies
Seyfert galaxies
Markarian 1509
Boötes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%205548 |
David Kirk (born 1961) is a rugby union footballer.
David Kirk may also refer to:
David Kirk (author), children's book author
David Kirk (activist) (1935–2007), civil rights activist and Eastern Orthodox cleric
David Kirk (scientist), Chief Scientist of NVIDIA Corporation
David Kirk (sociologist), American sociologist
See also
David Kirke (c. 1597–1654), adventurer and colonizer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Kirk%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Naked Truth is a 1992 comedy film starring Robert Caso and Kevin Schon. Also featured in the film are Zsa Zsa Gabor, Lou Ferrigno, Erik Estrada, Ted Lange, Billy Barty, Yvonne De Carlo, Norman Fell, Little Richard, David Birney, M. Emmet Walsh, Dick Gautier, John Vernon and Camilla Sparv Natasha Pavlovich among others. It is directed by Nico Mastorakis.
Plot
A take-off on the 1959 film Some Like It Hot—the film follows two men who witness a murder, dress up like women to escape, and wind up hiding in the house of a drug dealer.
Release
The movie made its premiere on Cinemax on May 3, 1993. The film did not arrive on any format until 1999, when Simitar Video released the film onto DVD. In 2003, Omega Entertainment through Image Entertainment released an extended version of the film onto DVD.
References
External links
1992 films
1992 comedy films
Films directed by Nico Mastorakis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Naked%20Truth%20%281992%20film%29 |
Frederick William Thomas Burbidge (1847–1905) was a British explorer who collected many rare tropical plants for the famous Veitch Nurseries.
Biography
Burbidge was born at Wymeswold, Leicestershire, on 21 March 1847, was son of Thomas Burbidge, a farmer and fruit-grower.
Burbridge entered the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick as a student in 1868, and proceeded in the same year to the Royal Gardens, Kew. Here he showed skill as a draughtsman and was partly employed in making drawings of plants in the herbarium. Leaving Kew in 1870, he was on the staff of the Garden from that year until 1877.
In 1877 Burbidge was sent by Messrs. Veitch as a collector to Borneo. He was absent two years, during which he also visited Johore, Brunei, and the Sulu Islands. He brought back to Great Britain many remarkable plants, especially:
pitcher plants, such as "Nepenthes rajah" and "N. bicalcarata";
orchids, such as "Cypripedium laurenceanum", "Dendrobium burbidgei" and "Aerides burbidgei";
ferns, such as "Alsophila burbidgei" and "Polypodium burbidgei".
The first set of the dried specimens brought back by Burbidge numbered nearly a thousand species, and was presented by Messrs. Veitch to the Kew herbarium.
Sir Joseph Hooker in describing the Scitamineous "Burbidgea nitida" names it:
In 1880 Burbidge was appointed curator of the botanical gardens of Trinity College, Dublin, at Glasnevin. There he did much to encourage gardening in Ireland. In 1889 Dublin University conferred on him the honorary degree of M.A., and in 1894 he became keeper of the college park as well as curator of the botanical gardens.
On the establishment of the Victoria Medal of Honour by the Royal Horticultural Society, in 1897, Burbidge was one of the first recipients, and he was also a member of the Royal Irish Academy. He died from heart-disease on Christmas Eve 1905, and was buried in Dublin.
Burbidge is commemorated in the name of the genus Burbidgea (Hook.f.) and several species including Globba burbidgei (Ridl.). Nepenthes burbidgeae (Hook.f. ex Burb.) is thought to be named after his wife.
In the opinion of Frederick Corder the author of his biography in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) "Although no scientific botanist, nor very skilful as a cultivator, Burbidge did admirable service as a horticultural writer".
Family
Burbidge married in 1876 Mary Wade, who died, six months before him. They had no children.
Works
During his period at Kew and working on the Gardener Burbidge published:
The Art of Botanical Drawing (1872);
Cool Orchids and how to grow them, with a Descriptive List of all the Best Species (1874);
Domestic Floriculture, Window Gardening and Floral Decorations (1874) — Which according to Frederic Corder (1912, his biographer in the DNB) was one of the best books of the kind;
[The Narcissus: its History and Culture (1875), with coloured plates drawn by himself and a scientific review of the genus by Mr. John Gilbert Baker;
The volume on "Horticulture" (1877) in G. P. Bevan's British Industries series;
Cultivated Plants, their Propagation and Improvement (1877) – which, according to Croder (1912), was an excellent textbook for young gardeners, which won public appreciation from William Gladstone.
After the 1877–79 Borneo, Johore, Brunei, and the Sulu Islands expedition, the chronicle of his journey was published:
The Gardens of the Sun, or a Naturalist's Journal on the Mountains and in the Forests and Swamps of Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago (1880).
While at Dublin he published two books:
The Chrysanthemum: its History, Culture, Classification and Nomenclature (1883)
The Book of the Scented Garden (1905)
Notes
Citations
References
(also available as pdf)
Attribution
External links
English botanists
English explorers
People from Wymeswold
1847 births
1905 deaths
Veitch Nurseries
Victoria Medal of Honour recipients
Plant collectors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20William%20Burbidge |
Colinas do Sul is a municipality in north-central Goiás state, Brazil.
Location
Colinas is located in the Chapada dos Veadeiros statistical micro-region and is almost directly north of Brasília, to which it is connected by G0-327 as far as Alto Paraíso de Goiás then by G0-118 south to Planaltina, where the highway joins with BR-020. It is 458 kilometers from Goiânia and 270 kilometers from Brasília.
Highway connections from Goiânia are made by GO-080 / Nerópolis / Petrolina de Goiás / BR-153 / Jaraguá / GO-080 / Goianésia / Barro Alto / BR-080 / GO-342 / Uruaçu / GO-237 / Niquelândia / GO-132 / (54 km under construction in 2004).
Municipal boundaries are with:
north: Cavalcante
west: Campinaçu and Minaçu
east: Alto Paraíso de Goiás
south and west: Niquelândia
Colinas do Sul is halfway between São Jorge, district of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Niquelândia, near one of the southern arms of the Serra da Mesa artificial lake. By way of Colinas it is possible to reach touristic points on the banks of the lake, like Mato Verde (12 km.), Chapada da Visão, Chiqueiro de Pedra and Vale do Lago. On a dirt road it is possible to go around the Serra de Santana and the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, going through Rio Preto and Capela until arriving at Cavalcante.
The economy
The main economic activities are ecotourism, based on the park, cattle raising (29,000 head in 2006) and some agriculture (rice and corn).
Agricultural data 2006
Farms: 363
Total area: 130,630 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 232 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 1,405 ha.
Area of natural pasture: 71,503 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 39,964 ha.
Persons dependent on farming: 1,050
Number of tractors: 86
Cattle herd: 29,000
Main crop: corn with 260 planted hectares IBGE
Health and education
Schools: 08 (2006)
Hospitals: 01 with 15 beds (2007)
Adult literacy rate: 82.7% (2000)
Infant mortality rate: 41.30 in 1,000 live births (2000)
MHDI: 0.671
State ranking: 228 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 3,442 (out of 5,507 municipalities) Source: Frigoletto
History
Colinas do Sul appears for the first time in official documents as the district of Lages belonging to Cavalcante. In 1938 the district of Lages was made extinct and became the district of Cafelândia. In 1943 the district of Cafelândia changed its name to Araí. In 1949 the name of Lages returned. In 1955 the district of Lages passed to the district of Colinas, which in 1989 was dismembered from Cavalcante.
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colinas%20do%20Sul |
A mess of pottage is something immediately attractive but of little value taken foolishly and carelessly in exchange for something more distant and perhaps less tangible but immensely more valuable. The phrase alludes to Esau's sale of his birthright for a meal ("mess") of lentil stew ("pottage") in and connotes shortsightedness and misplaced priorities.
The mess of pottage motif is a common theme in art, appearing for example in Mattia Bortoloni's Esau selling his birthright (1716) and Mattias Stomer's painting of the same title (c. 1640).
Biblical usage
Although this phrase is often used to describe or allude to Esau's bargain, the phrase itself does not appear in the text of any English version of Genesis. Its first attested use, already associated with Esau's bargain, is in the English summary of one of John Capgrave's sermons, c. 1452, "[Jacob] supplanted his broþir, bying his fader blessing for a mese of potage." In the sixteenth century it continues its association with Esau, appearing in Bonde's Pylgrimage of Perfection (1526) and in the English versions of two influential works by Erasmus, the Enchiridion (1533) and the Paraphrase upon the New Testament (1548): "th'enherytaunce of the elder brother solde for a messe of potage". It can be found here and there throughout the sixteenth century, e.g. in Johan Carion's Thre bokes of cronicles (1550) and at least three times in Roger Edgeworth's collected sermons (1557). Within the tradition of English Biblical translations, it appears first in the summary at the beginning of chapter 25 of the Book of Genesis in the so-called Matthew Bible of 1537 (in this section otherwise a reprint of the Pentateuch translation of William Tyndale), "Esau selleth his byrthright for a messe of potage"; thence in the 1539 Great Bible and in the Geneva Bible published by English Protestants in Geneva in 1560. According to the OED, Coverdale (1535) "does not use the phrase, either in the text or the chapter heading..., but he has it in 1 Chronicles 16:3 and Proverbs 15:7." Miles Smith used the same phrase in "The Translators to the Reader", the lengthy preface to the 1611 King James Bible, but by the seventeenth century the phrase had become very widespread indeed and had clearly achieved the status of a fixed phrase with allusive, quasi-proverbial, force.
Examples of usage
In different literary hands, it could be used either earnestly, or mockingly. Benjamin Keach (1689) falls into the former camp: "I know not.. / whether those who did our Rights betray, / And for a mess of Pottage, sold away / Our dear bought / Freedoms, shall now trusted be, / As Conservators of our Libertie." As does Henry Ellison (1875) "O Faith .. The disbelieving world would sell thee so; / Head turned with sophistries, and heart grown cold, / For a vile mess of pottage it would throw / Away thy heritage, and count the gold!". Karl Marx' lament in Das Kapital has been translated using this phrase: The worker "is compelled by social conditions, to sell the whole of his active life, his very capacity for labour, in return for the price of his customary means of subsistence, to sell his birthright for a mess of pottage."
Swift and Byron use the phrase satirically: "Thou sold'st thy birthright, Esau! for a mess / Thou shouldst have gotten more, or eaten less." The Hindu nationalist V. D. Savarkar borrowed the phrase, along with quotations from Shakespeare, for his pamphlet Hindutva (1923), which celebrated Hindu culture and identity, asking whether Indians were willing to 'disown their seed, forswear their fathers and sell their birthright for a mess of pottage'.
Perhaps the most famous use in American literature is that by Henry David Thoreau: "If I should sell both my forenoons and afternoons to society, as most appear to do, I am sure that for me there would be nothing left worth living for. I trust that I shall never thus sell my birthright for a mess of pottage. I wish to suggest that a man may be very industrious, and yet not spend his time well. There is no more fatal blunderer than he who consumes the greater part of his life getting his living."
Another prominent instance of using the phrase in American fiction is James Weldon Johnson's famous protagonist Ex-Coloured Man who, retrospectively reflecting upon his life as a black man passing for white, concludes that he has sold his "birthright for a mess of pottage".
By a conventional spoonerism, an overly propagandistic writer is said to have "sold his birthright for a pot of message," a bit of enduring wordplay documented as early as 1850. Terry Pratchett has his character Sergeant Colon say this in Feet of Clay, after Nobby of the Watch has guessed that the phrase is "a spot of massage". Theodore Sturgeon had one of his characters say this about H. G. Wells in his 1948 short story Unite and Conquer; and Roger Lancelyn Green (in 1962) ascribed it as a saying of Professor Nevill Coghill, Merton Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford, who was born 49 years after its first documented appearance in print.
The phrase also appears in Myra Brooks Welch's poem "The Touch of the Master's Hand," in which "a mess of pottage – a glass of wine – a game" stand for all such petty worldly pursuits, contrasted to life after a spiritual awakening.
The phrase also appears in the 1919 African-American film Within Our Gates, as used by the preacher character 'Old Ned' who having ingratiated himself by acting the clown with two white men turns away and states, "again, I've sold my birthright. All for a miserable mess of pottage."
Notes
External links
Translators to the Reader
Figures of speech
Biblical phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mess%20of%20pottage |
A season premiere is the first episode of a new season of a returning television show. In the United States, many season premieres are aired in the fall time or, for mid-season replacements, either in the spring or late winter.
In countries such as Australia and the UK, a season premiere can be broadcast at any time of the year. In Australia, the premieres of several shows are in mid- to late summer, late January or early February.
Mid-season premiere
In the 2000s, the terms "mid-season premiere" and "spring premiere" began being used by television broadcasters in the United States to denote the first episode after a mid-season hiatus, often following the holiday season leading into spring and summer months. As with a season/series premiere, a mid-season premiere can include a major plot development, cast change, or resolution to a cliffhanger ending that featured in the "mid-season finale" in order for networks to draw attention and encourage viewership of such episodes as event television. The practice has faced criticism for affecting the structure and narrative of broadcast television programs, as writers may be coerced by broadcasters into placing cliffhangers and plot developments within the midseason, rather than allow a plot to build up to a traditional season finale leading into a following season premiere.
See also
Season finale
Series premiere
Series finale
References
Television terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Season%20premiere |
Diple (, meaning double, referring to the two lines in the mark ) was a mark used in the margins of ancient Greek manuscripts to draw attention to something in the text. It is sometimes also called antilambda because the sign resembles a Greek capital letter lambda () turned upon its side. In some ways its usage was similar to modern day quotation marks; guillemets (« »), used for quotations in French, are derived from it.
Isidore remarks in his Etymologiae (I.21.13) that the diple was used to mark quotations from the Bible. He also talks about diple peri strichon (or sticon), which was used to draw attention to separate concepts, and diple periestigmene used (like obelos) to mark dubious passages. Diple obolismene was used according to Isidore to separate sentences in comedies and tragedies, so its usage was similar to that of paragraphos.
See also
References
External links
Punctuation (Ancient Greek)
Palaeography
Punctuation
Ancient Greek punctuation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diple%20%28textual%20symbol%29 |
The Henry Guest House is in New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey, at Livingston Avenue and Morris Street. It was originally located on New Street (previously known as Carroll Place) between Livingston Avenue and George Street. The Georgian stone farmhouse was built in 1760 by Henry Guest. He was a New Brunswick alderman and an associate of John Adams and author Thomas Paine. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1976.
Henry Guest, who operated a tannery, bought two and a half acres on the corner of Livingston Avenue and Carroll Place (New Street) in 1755. He built a sandstone house five years later and lived there with his family until his death in 1815. Henry Guest said, "If his descendants would only keep a roof on it, the house would stand till Gabriel blew his trumpet." In an 1817 sales advertisement the building was described as "one of the best stone houses in the State of New Jersey."
By the 20th century the house was threatened with demolition, and in 1924, it was moved up Livingston Avenue next to the New Brunswick Free Public Library. Over time, the roof and other parts of the building deteriorated. In 1992, the city and the New Jersey Historic Trust funded a major exterior renovation. A new roof, repointing of the mortar, and other repairs prevented further decay and today the Guest House is mostly used for meeting rooms.
Gallery
See also
Livingston Avenue Historic District
References
External links
Buildings and structures in New Brunswick, New Jersey
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Houses in Middlesex County, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
Historic American Buildings Survey in New Jersey
Relocated buildings and structures in New Jersey
Stone houses in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Guest%20House |
Infoware is a term that was coined by Tim O'Reilly and is defined as a website that use commoditized server software such as LAMP to enable data (e.g. book comments and ratings) to be shared via a website, and create a value as a result (e.g. other people's opinions of a particular book that you want to buy). The term infoware was first used in O'Reilly's talk on the subject at the Linux Kongress in Würzburg in 1997, and later in talks such as one at ISPCON 98. It was written up and published as his chapter Hardware, Software, and Infoware in the book Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution.
The term Infoware was in fact coined much earlier in 1981 by Hugh Gillespie and registered in Canada in 1982 as the name of a Software development and consulting company focused on the delivery of simple information glue tools.
See also
Web 2.0
External links
Hardware, Software, and Infoware chapter by Tim O'Reilly from Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution
Question regarding O'Reilly's "infoware" talk at ISPCON 98
Applying Distributed XML to The Open Source Paradigm Shift by Steve Mallett
Websites | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infoware |
Paintings by Hieronymus Bosch, as well as paintings attributed to him or his school, have been compiled by various organizations. An investigation undertaken by The Bosch Research and Conservation Project of a multitude of Bosch's paintings included dendrochronological research and made an approximate dating of the paintings possible. The findings of this investigation were published in a book in 2016. The book describes the other findings of the investigation as well, such as painting technique, layer structure and pigment analyses.
Bosch's works are generally organized into three periods of his life dealing with the early works (), the middle period (), and the late period ( until his death). According to Stefan Fischer, thirteen of Bosch's surviving paintings were completed in the late period, with seven surviving paintings attributed to his middle period. Bosch's early period is studied in terms of his workshop activity and possibly some of his drawings. There are no surviving paintings attributed before 1485.
Examples of Bosch's work can be found in Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, the UK, and the US.
Triptychs
Diptychs and polyptychs
Single panels and fragments of lost altarpieces
The life of Christ
Saints
Other works
See also
Hieronymus Bosch drawings
References
Further reading
Matthijs Ilsink, Jos Koldeweij, Ron Spronk, Luuk Hoogstede, Robert G. Erdmann, Rik Klein Gotink, Hanneke Nap, and Daan Veldhuizen. Hieronymus Bosch: Painter and Draughtsman – Catalogue raisonné, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2016.
Luuk Hoogstede, Ron Spronk, Robert G. Erdmann, Rik Klein Gotink, Matthijs Ilsink, Jos Koldeweij, Hanneke Nap, and Daan Veldhuizen, Hieronymus Bosch, Painter and Draughtsman – Technical Studies, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2016.
External links
Hieronymus Bosch gallery at Web Gallery of Art
The Bosch Research and Conservation Project
Hieronymus Bosch, collection of resources and pigment analyses, ColourLex
Bosch | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20paintings%20by%20Hieronymus%20Bosch |
Margaret Ann Peterson (January 10, 1941 – May 15, 2022) was an American actress and singer. She was best known for playing Charlene Darling on The Andy Griffith Show. She also played the character of Doris in the episode "A Girl for Goober" (1968).
Life and career
The youngest of four children, Peterson was born in Greeley, Colorado, to Arthur and Tressa Hill Peterson. Her father was a doctor and her mother a homemaker. Aside from The Andy Griffith Show, Peterson also appeared on other TV shows, such as Love, American Style, Green Acres, Gomer Pyle USMC, and The Odd Couple. She appeared in an episode of Mayberry R.F.D. as Edna, a cafe waitress; in the 1986 film Return to Mayberry; as the innocent Rose Ellen in the 1969 film The Love God?, starring opposite Don Knotts; and in the 1968 film Angel in My Pocket.
Peterson landed a role as Susie, the coffee-shop waitress on The Bill Dana Show, another spin-off from The Danny Thomas Show, which aired from September 1963 to January 1965.
Peterson grew up in a musical family. While growing up in Colorado, she has said her earliest memories were of music. Peterson, her brother Jim, and two of Jim's friends formed a small group called the Ja-Da Quartet. They would ride around in the back of a pickup truck singing to people.
In 1954 at a Capitol Records convention, Dick Linke (manager of Andy Griffith and Jim Nabors) heard Peterson singing and was so impressed with her, he encouraged her to come to New York. So in 1958, after graduating high school, Peterson and the group did just that. They landed a number of stints on the Perry Como Show and the Pat Boone Show, and in 1959, they released their album It's the Most Happy Sound. Soon after, the band broke up and went back home.
A short time later, Peterson joined another group, the Ernie Mariani Trio (later renamed Margaret Ann and the Ernie Mariani Trio). The group traveled for several years and had stints in resort areas such as Las Vegas, Lake Tahoe, and Reno, where Frank Sinatra and the Rat Pack were often seen in the audience while Peterson performed. While she was on tour, Maggie was discovered by The Andy Griffith Show director Bob Sweeny and producer Aaron Ruben.
For The Andy Griffith Show, Peterson initially read for the role of Ellie Walker, a love interest for Sheriff Andy Taylor, but the role went to Elinor Donahue. Soon after, she was selected to play the role of Charlene Darling. The only daughter of Briscoe Darling, she had a crush on Sheriff Taylor ("Pa, can't I even just look at the pretty man?"). Peterson later returned to The Andy Griffith Show in its final season, in "A Girl for Goober," as Doris, who was the dating interest of Ken Berry's character.
The Darlings, including Briscoe's four boys (played by The Dillards bluegrass band), lived in the mountains and came to town on many occasions. When in town, they enjoyed playing music with Andy. One of Charlene's favorite songs is "Salty Dog". The ones that made her cry were "Slimy River Bottom", "Boil that Cabbage Down", and "Keep Your Money in Your Shoes and it Won't Get Wet". Ernest T. Bass had his eyes on Charlene and believed he had courting rights because her marriage to Dud Wash had been performed by Sheriff Andy Taylor acting as a justice of the peace, not by a preacher. He tried to steal her away on the day they were to be remarried by a preacher. Threatening the gathering with a high-powered rifle, he runs off with the fully veiled "bride". While Charlene and Dud are hurriedly married by the preacher, Ernest T. discovers the person in the veil is really Barney Fife. Charlene and Dud had a daughter together, Andilina. They tried to betroth Andilina to Opie, as it was customary in their family. Briscoe called off the engagement of Opie and Andilina when he discovered witchery was in the Taylor family.
According to Jim Clark of The Andy Griffith Show Rerun Watchers Club, the three songs on which Charlene performed on the show can be found on the album Songs That Make Me Cry.
In 1968, while she was singing as an opening act for Andy Griffith at a casino in Lake Tahoe, Peterson met jazz musician Ronald Bernard "Gus" Mancuso who was playing bass in a lounge act. The two married in 1978, and were together until his death in 2021. The couple spent a number of years in Los Angeles, where Peterson worked doing commercials, until they decided to settle in Las Vegas, where Peterson worked as a location scout for film and television.
In 1969, she starred on the big screen as “Rose Ellen”, girlfriend to Don Knotts in the comedy movie The Love God?.
In April 2008, the Darlings received a star on the Missouri Walk of Fame in Marshfield, Missouri. Peterson and Darlings/Dillards band members Dean Webb and Mitch Jayne were on hand representing the Darlings.
In May 2016 and May 2019, Peterson appeared as a guest of honor at the Mayberry in the Midwest Festival in Danville, Indiana.
Death
According to a statement from a family relative who identified her as "Aunt Maggie", Peterson died in her sleep, surrounded by family and friends, on May 15, 2022, aged 81. She had been in declining health following the death of her husband Gus.
References
External links
(as Maggie Mancuso)
as Margaret Ann
1941 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Colorado
American film actresses
American television actresses
21st-century American women
People from Greeley, Colorado
Place of death missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie%20Peterson |
Angel Villalona better known as Andy Andy is a Dominican musician from the Villalona family. Starting as a merenguero, he gained fame when he changed to bachata.
Career
Andy Andy is one of the most successful Dominican artists in the world, having sold over one million records in the United States to date, and held the Number 1 sales position for more than 39 consecutive weeks. He is the first Dominican artist in Latin music history to win three Billboard Awards in a single night.
Multiple nominations: Latin Grammys, 7 nominations to Premio Lo Nuestro, Premios Casandra winner and others. He has also occupied multiple top spots on a variety of important radio charts and other preferred media showcases in the country.
He produced all seven of his bachata albums. He sang duets with important Latin international singers such as Tito "El Bambino", Milly Quezada, Angel y Khriz, Fernando Villalona, Luis Segura, LDA, Alex Matos, Bimbo and others.
His first music album, Aquí Conmigo ("Here With Me"), was released in 2002. His second album, Necesito Un Amor ("I Need A Love"), was released in 2003 with the hits Voy A Tener Que Olividarte and Necesito Un Amor. His next album, Ironia ("Irony"), was released in 2005. His hit, Que Ironia, came in three forms: bachata, reggaeton, and balada, and his second hit, A Quien Le Importa, was featured in bachata and balada.
In 2002, Andy's debut album, Aqui Conmigo was nominated as best "New Artist Tropical Salsa Air Play Track of the Year" at the Billboard Awards. In 2003, Andy's second album, Necesito un Amor, was nominated for a Latin Grammy for "Best Contemporary Tropical Album of the Year".
2005, Winner in Dominican Republic of the Casadra Awards as "Best Video" with "Que Ironia".
2006, First Dominican Artist who wins 3 Latin Billboard Awards in one single night in the history of Latin Music. Categories: Best Tropical Album "Ironia", Best Traditional Tropical Album "Ironia", and Best Tropical Song "Que Ironia".
Honored by the Mayor of Yonkers, New York, Philip A. Amicone in 2006.
2006 In Mexico he was nominated for Best New Artist for the Premios Oye.
7 Premio Lo Nuestro nominations:
2004, One Nomination for "Best Traditional Tropical Artist" for his album Necesito Un Amor
2005, Three Nominations for "Best Tropical Album", "Best Traditional Tropical Artist" and "Best Tropical Song" categories for his album "Ironia".
2006, Two Nominations for Best Tropical Male Artist and Best Traditional Tropical Artist, for his concept album “My Life,”
2009, Andy Andy was nominated once again for "Premio Lo Nuestro" as "Best Traditional Tropical Artist.”
July 4, 2011, Andy Andy released his new single "Mi Alma Loca" reaching the Top 10 of the Latin Tropical Billboard.
September 4, 2011, Andy Andy received a key to the city from Mayor Robert Romano and declared the date of September 4, 2011 as the day of Andy Andy.
April 10, 2013, Andy Andy, Olga Tañon and Alvaro Torres were guest artists to sing in front of the National Capitol Building in Washington, DC.
Discography
Por Una Mujer (1997)
Cójele el Swing (1998)
Justo a Tiempo (2000)
Aquí Conmigo (2002)
Necesito Un Amor (2003)
Ironía (2005)
Tú Me Haces Falta (2007)
Mi Música... Dos Tiempos (2008)
Placer y Castigo (2009)
El Cariño Es Como Una Flor(2012)
Soy De Llorar (2013)
Es Mejor Decir Adios (2014)
Vive Tu Vida (2015)
Yo Te Amo (2015)
Amor Eterno Homenaje (2016)
Un Hombre Nuevo (2017)
Sigo Siendo El Dueńo (2017)
Adios Amor (2018)
Tontos y Locos (2019)
Lazaro (2020)
Te Imagino (2022)
Mis Primeras Bachatas (2023)
Compilations
My Life (2006)
10 de Colección (2007)
References
External links
Andyandymusic.com
Bachata musicians
Living people
21st-century Dominican Republic male singers
EMI Televisa Music artists
Sony Discos artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Dominican Republic male songwriters
Spanish-language singers
Dominican Republic musicians
20th-century Dominican Republic male singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Andy |
Frederick Burbidge may refer to:
Frederick William Burbidge (1847–1905), British explorer
Frederick Burbidge (cricketer) (1832–1892), English cricketer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Burbidge |
Scouting in the Northwest Territories did not develop until 1970, due to the sparse population of the Northwest Territories.
Anglophone Scouting in the Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories Council of Scouts Canada was founded in 1970, with Denny R. May (1935–2021), son of pilot Wop May, as executive director. May also designed the logo for the Council, which depicts three Inuit in a circle with their hands linked in brotherhood.
When the Northwest Territories was divided and the new territory of Nunavut was created in 1999, the Council was renamed as the NWT and Nunavut Council This Council later merged into the Northern Lights Council of Alberta in the early 2000s. Today Nunavut falls under Voyageur Council (Ottawa Valley and surrounding region).
Francophone Scouting in the Northwest Territories
Girl Guiding in the Northwest Territories
Guides are served by the Guiding in Canada - Northwest Territories & Nunavut Council
See also
References
External links
Welcome to Guiding in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut
Guiding in Canada - Northwest Territories & Nunavut Council
Scouting and Guiding in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouting%20and%20Guiding%20in%20the%20Northwest%20Territories |
Haitham Mostafa Karar (; born 19 July 1977) is a Sudanese former footballer who played as midfielder. He was the captain of Al-Hilal Omdurman and the Sudan national team.
Club career
He joined Al-Hilal in November 1995 after transferring from Al-Ameer Al-Bahrawi, a second league team. He was one of the most promising players of Africa at that time. He was on the verge to going to Everton in the transfer window in 2011, but it was declined.
International career
He led the Sudanese national team to qualify for the 2008 African Cup of Nations, which was the first time for the national team to qualify in over 30 years.
Honours
Clubs
Al-Hilal Club
Sudan Premier League: 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012
Sudan Cup: 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2009, 2011
Al-Merrikh SC
Sudan Premier League: 2013
Sudan Cup: 2013, 2014
CECAFA Clubs Cup: 2014
Sudan
CECAFA Cup: 2006
Career statistics
International goals
Trivia
Mustafa is one of Sudan's footballing legends. He is a highly rated player. In his youth years Haitham Mustafa was regarded as a highly talented holding midfielder.
He is a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations.
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
People from Khartoum North
Sudanese men's footballers
Sudan men's international footballers
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
Men's association football midfielders
2011 African Nations Championship players
Al-Hilal Club (Omdurman) players
Al-Merrikh SC players
Sudan men's A' international footballers
Sudan Premier League players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitham%20Mustafa |
Into a Dark Realm is a fantasy novel by American writer Raymond E. Feist. It is the second book in the Darkwar Saga and was published in 2006. It was preceded by Flight of the Nighthawks and followed by the final book in the saga, Wrath of a Mad God.
Plot introduction
Leso Varen has moved to wreak havoc on the world of Kelewan and Pug and the Conclave of the Shadows are determined to find him, only to find out he has stolen a body of a Tsurani magician. Meanwhile, Pug, Magnus, Nakor and Ralan Bek lead a desperate expedition into the Dasati realm hoping to find the key to defeating the enemy who threatens their homeworld.
Plot summary
Into a Dark Realm continues the Darkwar saga and mostly concentrates on two groups of characters. The first group consists of Pug, Magnus, Nakor and Ralan Bek who are attempting to reach the Dasati home world. The main problem facing them is that the Dasati exist on the Second Plane, the next lower plane of existence, a separate reality considered to be the first of the seven planes of hell (where the seven upper planes are considered heaven). The second group consists of Tad, Zane and Jommy who are sent into training by the Conclave of Shadows.
Tad, Zane and Jommy are sent to a monastic university in Roldem, where they will undergo training and education to prepare them for their future roles with the Conclave. Upon arrival, they instantly clash with a group of boys led by a bully named Servan, who they later discover is related to the king of Roldem. Eventually, the two groups of boys are forced to work out their differences, for they are soon released from the university, and commissioned as junior officers in the Roldemish army, where they immediately begin serving together in campaigns against raiders from Roldem's border colonies. There Tad, Zane and Jommy are reunited with Kaspar, another agent of the Conclave, who is a senior officer with the army.
Meanwhile, on their journey to the Dasati realm, Pug and his companions spend time with the Ipiliac, a race related to the Dasati, on their world of Delecordia, halfway between the first and second planes. There they become acclimated to the conditions they will face in the second plane, and undergo crucial training and education to help them survive in the harsh Dasati society. As he spends more and more time closer to the second plane, Bek realizes he belongs there, easily acclimating to the nature of the plane as well as the culture, and expresses a desire to stay behind when the others return.
An additional plot thread is added halfway through the novel, introducing Dasati culture as seen through the eyes of a young Dasati warrior, Valko, as he rises to become Lord of his clan, the Camareen. Unbeknownst to him at first, Valko's family are agents of The White, a secret organization of servants of Good who oppose the Dasati's Dark God and seek to restore balance to the Dasati.
After completing their training, Pug and his companions succeed in reaching the Dasati realm, on the outer world of Kosridi, finding themselves guided by allies of Valko and The White. When they finally reach the Dasati homeworld, the leader of the Dasati resistance, known as The Gardener, is revealed to be none other than Macros the Black, reincarnated as a Dasati. They also discover that the Talnoy hidden on Midkemia contain the souls of 10,000 lost Dasati Gods, banished after the Dasati Chaos Wars.
Into a Dark Realm is very much an intermediary book, setting up the final book in the trilogy, Wrath of a Mad God.
References
2006 American novels
2006 fantasy novels
American fantasy novels
Voyager Books books
Novels by Raymond E. Feist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Into%20a%20Dark%20Realm |
Ebubennem Megalyn Ann Echikunwoke ( ; born May 28, 1983), also known as Megalyn E.K., is an American actress, known primarily for her roles in television and film.
Born in Spokane, Washington, she was discovered while performing in a theatrical production for an arts academy, and began working professionally at age 15, appearing in an episode of The Steve Harvey Show. Between 2001 and 2002, she starred as Nicole Palmer, daughter of David Palmer, on the Fox series 24, followed by guest roles on ER and Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Between 2004 and 2005, she portrayed Angie Barnett, the half-sister of Steven Hyde, on the sitcom That '70s Show. In 2006, she starred as a lead in the series The 4400 which ran until 2007, followed by recurring roles on 90210 and House of Lies.
Her film roles in the early 2010s include Whit Stillman's Damsels in Distress (2011), and the action sequel A Good Day to Die Hard (2013). In 2016, she portrayed Mari McCabe / Vixen in the Arrowverse. The following year, she had a supporting role in CHiPs (2017), followed by the independent comedy An Actor Prepares (2018). Next, she co-starred in the comedy Night School (2018). In late 2018, she made her New York stage debut in an off-Broadway production of Apologia.
Early life
Ebubennem Megalyn Ann Echikunwoke was born in Spokane, Washington to Mark Onigwe Versato Echikunwoke, an Igbo Nigerian father, and Anita Laurie. Her father, an immigrant to the United States, was a survivor of the Nigerian Civil War, during which he suffered gunshot wounds that resulted in him contracting hepatitis B.
When Echikunwoke was four years old, her father, then attending law school in Spokane, died of liver cancer, stemming from his war-related medical problems. Her mother moved the family to the Navajo Nation, where she raised Echikunwoke and her siblings in the unincorporated community of Chinle, Arizona. At age 14, Echikunwoke was discovered while performing in a theater production at an arts academy summer camp.
Career
Echikunwoke's first featured role was a guest appearance on The Steve Harvey Show in 1998. The following year, she had her first film role in Julie Dash's Funny Valentines. In 2001, she starred in a lead role on the MTV soap opera Spyder Games as Cherish Pardee, a coffee house singer, which ran through the year. She subsequently had a recurring role in the first season of 24 (2001–2002) as David Palmer's daughter Nicole. Beginning 2003, she appeared as Danika on the comedy series Like Family, and guest-starred on Buffy the Vampire Slayer, in the episode "The Killer in Me" (2003). This was followed with a guest role on Veronica Mars in 2004.
Between 2004 and 2005, she appeared on Fox's That '70s Show as Steven Hyde's half-sister, Angie Barnett. In 2006, she was cast as a series regular on the science fiction television series The 4400 as the adult version of the mysterious Isabelle Tyler. She left the show in 2007. From 2008 to 2009, she appeared in season 7 of CSI: Miami as new medical examiner Dr. Tara Price. She had a recurring role on TNT's Raising the Bar (2008–2009) as the love interest of attorney Marcus McGrath, played by J. August Richards. Also in 2008, she appeared as a singer in the Leonard Chess biopic Who Do You Love? In 2011, she played Holly in the fourth season of 90210, and subsequently appeared in the comedy film Damsels in Distress.
She played April on Showtime's House of Lies (2012) and Riley Parker in the legal drama Made in Jersey (also 2012) on CBS. In 2014, she co-starred in the drama series Mind Games on ABC.
In 2016, Echikunwoke appeared on the CW's Arrow as DC Comics superhero Mari McCabe / Vixen for an episode, and voiced the character in the CW Seed animated series Vixen. Due to prior commitments, she was unavailable to play the character in Legends of Tomorrow, resulting in the introduction of a new Vixen played by Maisie Richardson-Sellers, the time-displaced grandmother of Echikunwoke's character. Echikunwoke had a supporting role in Dax Shepard's CHiPs (2017), followed by the comedy An Actor Prepares (2018). That year, she had a supporting role in the comedy Night School, which grossed over $100million.
She played Claire in the off-Broadway production of Apologia for the Roundabout Theatre Company which ran from October 16, 2018, to December 16, 2018. In 2019, she had a supporting role in Late Night. She subsequently had a main role on Almost Family, a Fox drama series chronicling three women who learn they are siblings after a prominent fertility doctor reveals he has used his own sperm to father over 100 children with his patients. It was canceled after one season.
Personal life
In 2007, Echikunwoke, Justin Long, Olivia Wilde, and Kal Penn campaigned for 2008 Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama. It included a winter tour of college campuses and bars in Iowa, known as the All-Actor All-Iowa All-Star Voter Education Tour, to register new college-age voters.
Echikunwoke's cousin is athlete Annette Echikunwoke.
Filmography
Film
Television
Web
Video games
Stage credits
References
External links
1983 births
Actresses from Arizona
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
African-American actresses
American people of Igbo descent
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Living people
Actresses from Spokane, Washington
People from Chinle, Arizona
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American people
Igbo actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalyn%20Echikunwoke |
Proof Through the Night is a 1983 album by T Bone Burnett, produced by Jeff Eyrich. Proof Through the Night was unavailable on CD for many years. Then some tracks, radically remixed with new vocals if not re-recorded entirely, appeared on the 20/20 career compilation in May 2006. Rhino Handmade issued a CD version of the album on March 27, 2007, which also includes the Trap Door and Beyond the Trap Door EPs. The double CD was issued in a numbered limited edition of 5,000. A cover of the Hank Williams (as Luke the Drifter) song "Be Careful of Stones that You Throw", recorded during an early session for the album, is also included on the CD.
Reception
Music critic Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic called the album "smart, tight, [and] insightful" and wrote "To some, his persistent morality may come across as being a bit cold or even self-righteous, but further investigation reveals an underlying empathy for the individuals, even if a cynicism for the times in which they live is expressed. And if Burnett may seem tough, don't think he excludes himself from the same scrutiny."
Track listing
All songs written by T Bone Burnett, except where noted.
Side one
"The Murder Weapon" (featuring Masakazu Yoshizawa & Mick Ronson)
"Fatally Beautiful" (featuring Pete Townshend)
"After All These Years"
"Baby Fall Down" (featuring Steven Soles)
"The Sixties" (featuring Mick Ronson & Pete Townshend)
Side two
"Stunned" (featuring Andy Williams & Stan Lynch)
"Pressure" (featuring Mick Ronson)
"Hula Hoop" (Written by T-Bone Burnett/John Fleming/Roscoe West)
"When the Night Falls" (featuring Ry Cooder)
"Hefner and Disney" (featuring Masakazu Yoshizawa & Pete Townshend)
"Shut it Tight" (featuring Richard Thompson)
Personnel
T Bone Burnett – vocals, guitar
David Mansfield – guitar
David Miner – bass
Jerry Marotta – drums
Ry Cooder on "When the Night Falls" – guitar
Stan Lynch – drums, percussion, keyboards, vocals
Mick Ronson – guitar
Richard Thompson – guitar, mandolin
Pete Townshend – guitar
Masakazu Yoshizawa
The Williams Brothers – vocals
Jeff Eyrich – producer
Chart positions
References
1983 albums
T Bone Burnett albums
Warner Records albums
Albums produced by Jeff Eyrich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20Through%20the%20Night |
The 1991 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier was held in Auckland, New Zealand with twelve teams took part in the competition.
Results
Preliminary round
Pool A
Pool B
Classification round
Ninth to twelfth place classification
Fifth to eighth place classification
First to fourth place classification
Final standings
References
1991
1991 in women's field hockey
field hockey
1991 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier
Qualification
Field hockey
Sport in Auckland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Women%27s%20Field%20Hockey%20Olympic%20Qualifier |
The National Circus School () is a professional circus school located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is for higher education in the art of circus. The NCS also offers academic subjects at the secondary and college levels. It is one of the only circus school in the Americas to offer professional programs in circus arts: Preparatory program, Circus and High School Studies, and Higher Education in Circus arts. It also prepares professional circus arts educators.
History
In 1981 at the Immaculate Conception Center, a circus school begins to attract young artists interested in theatrical acrobatics. Soon the Immaculate Conception Center could no longer contain the rapid growth of the National Circus School (NCS). In 1989 the school moved to the Dalhousie station facilities in Old Montreal. The only institution to offer professional circus teaching in North America, the NCS has become one of the world's circus schools.
The need to train a greater number of versatile and highly skilled artists, by now the hallmark of the Quebec circus, is apparent. The NCS launches into a new phase of growth that sees it relocating to the Cité des Arts du Cirque as a founding member, along with Cirque du Soleil and En Piste, the national network for circus arts. In 2003 the NCS completes the move to a new building custom built to its specifications in the heart of Tohu, as this new complex is known.
In addition to circus arts training, the NCS also offers academic subjects at the secondary and college levels.
Programs
Preparatory program
The first level of training, this extracurricular program is aimed at students 9 to 13 years old. This program allows students to continue their primary in another school. Disciplines taught during the program are dance, acting, physical training, manipulation, balancing, acrobatics and aerials.
Circus and High School Studies Program
This arts/academic program is offered to students in Grades 7 through 11. It combines required academic subjects as outlined by the Quebec secondary school curriculum with professional training in the circus arts. After obtaining their high school diploma, students pursue higher education through the Diploma of Collegial Studies in Circus Arts (DEC) program.
The following academic subjects are taught as outlined by the secondary teaching schedule of the Quebec Ministry of Education: French, English, mathematics, science and technology, human biology, geography, social studies, history, economics, career choice, morality instruction and personal and social development. Disciplines taught during the program are dance, acting, physical preparation, manipulation, balancing, acrobatics and aerials. French is the language of instruction for both academic subjects and circus art training. However, the School's French immersion program favors Canadian students who have not previously attended a French-language school.
Diploma of Collegial Circus School Studies
This 3-year program marks the pinnacle of higher education in the circus arts and leads directly to a professional career. Graduates receive a college diploma, Diploma of Collegial Studies in Circus Arts or DEC, from the Quebec Ministry of Education. Intended for Canadian and French students who have completed their high school studies, the program combines specialized training in the circus and theatre arts with a general college education.
The general education component includes courses in literature (French or English), philosophy and a second language. Specialized training in circus arts, technical courses: physical conditioning, dance, acting, voice and music, performance and creation as well as basic and advanced techniques of aerials, acrobatics, balancing and manipulation.
Theory courses: circus history, applied anatomy, methodology, health and safety, staging techniques and career management. Training is given in French.
Diploma of National Circus Studies
Intended exclusively for foreign students who have completed their high school studies, this 3-year program constitutes the final phase of higher education in the circus arts. Graduates receive a diploma from the School or DEE, as they prepare for a professional career. Specialized training includes courses in physical technique, dance, acting, voice and music, as well as the basic techniques for aerials, acrobatics, balancing and manipulation. Courses in theoretical and applied anatomy, nutrition, staging techniques and career management complement practical subjects. Students continue their training in the circus arts through courses in their chosen minor and/or major from among 5 disciplines: aerials, balancing, acrobatics, manipulation and clowning arts.
Intensive summer camps
This summer program in the form of a two-week intensive summer camp allows young people ages 13 to 17 to experience professional training in circus arts. Activities are scheduled 5 days a week, 6 hours per day, and represent a balance between learning physical techniques such as physical conditioning, flexibility, acrobatics, trampoline and "powertrack" with receiving an introduction to such circus arts as aerials, manipulation and balancing. Creative and acting workshops are among the many diverse activities that complement the training participants receive, culminating in performing before an audience.
Student services
The school offers a range of services such as on-campus housing, a library, a scholarship program, food services and health services.
External links
École Nationale de Cirque (Montreal, Canada) Official Website
Art schools in Canada
Private subsidized colleges in Quebec
Circus schools
Performing arts education in Canada
Universities and colleges in Montreal
Private universities and colleges in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20nationale%20de%20cirque |
Dion Boucicault Jr. (born Darley George Boucicault; 23 May 1859 – 25 June 1929) was an actor and stage director. A son of the well-known playwright Dion Boucicault and actress Agnes Robertson, he followed his father into the theatrical profession and made a career as a character actor and a director. In addition to extensive work in the West End of London, he spent considerable time in Australia, where he went into management in the 1880s.
As an actor, his greatest successes included Trelawny of the 'Wells' and Mr. Pim Passes By. His best-known success as a manager was Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, of which he presented the premiere and many revivals. His last big success was Lilac Time in 1922.
Early life
Boucicault was born in New York, the third child of Dion Boucicault, the well-known actor and dramatist, and his wife, Agnes Kelly née Robertson (1833–1916), who was also well known on the stage. He had two elder siblings, Dion William (1855–1876), Eva (1857–1909), and three younger siblings, Patrice (1862-?1890), Nina (1867–1950), the first actress to play Peter Pan, and Aubrey (1868–1913) a handsome and dashing matinee idol. Boucicault was educated at Esher, Cuddington and Paris, and served briefly in the militia. After his elder brother died, Boucicault adopted his name Dion.
Theatrical career
Boucicault made his stage début in his father's play, Louis XI at Booth's Theatre in New York City on 11 October 1879. His London début was in November 1880, when he played Andy in another of his father's plays, Andy Blake. From then he was constantly on the stage either acting or directing productions. In 1881 and 1882 he appeared at the Court Theatre, and in 1883 he went on tour as the original Harry Marsland in The Private Secretary. He also adapted two plays, My Little Girl (1882) and Devotion (1884), both of which were produced at the Court. In 1885 he went to Australia with his father, and decided to remain there. He entered into partnership with Robert Brough in 1886, and at the Bijou Theatre in Melbourne and the Criterion in Sydney a long series of plays by Robertson, Pinero, Jones and other dramatists of the period was produced with great care and artistry. A fine company was assembled which included Boucicault's sister Nina, afterwards to make a reputation in London, G. S. Titheradge, and G. W. Anson. The Brough and Boucicault Comedy Company inaugurated their lesseeship and management of Her Majesty's Opera House, Melbourne, on 9 October September, 1886, by the first production in Australia of "Turned Up" by Mark Melford. Though modern comedy was usually played, there was one excursion into Shakespeare, a notable performance of Much Ado About Nothing with Titheradge as Benedick, and Mrs Brough as Beatrice.
Boucicault had invaluable experience both as a producer and as an actor, and when he returned to London in 1896 he was capable of taking any part that his lack of height, 5 ft 7 in (170 cm), did not disqualify him for. On 20 January 1898 he played one of his most successful parts, Sir William Gower, in Trelawney of the Wells, and a long succession of important parts followed, including many characters of "crusty senility". He directed the first production of Peter Pan and other well-known plays by Barrie, Milne and various leading dramatists of the time. From 1901 to 1922, Boucicault was active as a producer, first in partnership with Charles Frohman, and, after Frohman's death, on his own. His last successful production was Lilac Time in December 1922.
Boucicault visited Australia again in 1923 with his wife Irene Vanbrugh, with a repertoire which included Mr. Pim Passes By, Belinda, The Second Mrs Tanquerary, Trelawney of the Wells, His House in Order and Aren't We All. He returned to London in 1925 but was back again in Australia in 1926 (accompanied by Brian Aherne), and in South Africa in 1927, and once again in Australia and New Zealand in 1927-28 when plays by Barrie, Milne and others were staged. He played the part of the Chinese character Ong Chi Seng in the production of Somerset Maugham's play The Letter in Melbourne in 1927.
Late life and legacy
Boucicault's health began to deteriorate in Australia, and returning to England via New Zealand, he died at his home in Berkshire on 25 June 1929, survived by his wife.
Boucicault was a great producer of comedy and paid great attention to detail. In Australia he set a standard that has seldom, if ever, been surpassed. He was a most finished actor in a wide range of parts and in his later years became the legitimate successor of Sir John Hare in playing old men's parts. News of his death in Australia had critics mourning his death.
References
External links
Dion Boucicault Jr. portrait New York Public Library
1859 births
1929 deaths
19th-century American male actors
American male stage actors
Australian male stage actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dion%20Boucicault%20Jr. |
Compton Dando is a small village and civil parish on the River Chew in the affluent Chew Valley in England. It is in the Bath and North East Somerset council area and ceremonial county of Somerset, and lies from Bristol, from Bath, and from Keynsham.
The parish includes the villages of Burnett, Chewton Keynsham, Queen Charlton and Woollard, and has a population of 589.
History
It is on the route of the ancient Wansdyke, and lies on the Monarch's Way long-distance footpath.
According to Robinson it is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book as Comtuna. A compton was originally a 'valley enclosure'. In 1297 the name Dando was added after Godfrey or Geofrey de Anno.
The parish of Compton Dando was part of the Keynsham Hundred, the village was held by Alexander de Alno in the 12th century.
Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, such as the village hall or community centre, playing fields and playgrounds, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also of interest to the council.
Compton Dando is part of the Saltford Ward which is represented by two councillors on the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset which was created in 1996, as established by the Local Government Act 1992. It provides a single tier of local government with responsibility for almost all local government functions within its area including local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection, recycling, cemeteries, crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism. They are also responsible for education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning, although fire, police and ambulance services are provided jointly with other authorities through the Avon Fire and Rescue Service, Avon and Somerset Constabulary and the Great Western Ambulance Service.
Bath and North East Somerset's area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. Its administrative headquarters is in Bath. Between 1 April 1974 and 1 April 1996, it was the Wansdyke district and the City of Bath of the county of Avon. Before 1974 that parts of the parish was part of the Bathavon Rural District and Keynsham Urban District.
The parish is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of North East Somerset. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was also part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament, prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.
Demographics
According to the 2001 Census the Farmborough Ward (which includes Woollard and Chewton Keynsham), had 1,111 residents, living in 428 households, with an average age of 44.5 years. Of these 71% of residents describing their health as 'good', 21% of 16- to 74-year-olds had no qualifications; and the area had an unemployment rate of 1.0% of all economically active people aged 16–74. In the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004, it was ranked at 22,100 out of 32,482 wards in England, where 1 was the most deprived LSOA and 32,482 the least deprived.
Church
The Church of St Mary, is a small edifice in the Gothic style, with a square tower. It has a date of 1735 on the chancel, but is mostly Victorian, although Wade and Wade in their 1929 book Somerset suggest "The church is of 14th-cent. workmanship, but the chancel and S. porch respectively bear the dates 1793 and 1735 (probably referring to repairs). It is a Grade II listed building. A church has existed on this site for over 800 years. The medieval tower at the Western end has a staircase, turret and six bells the oldest of which dates to 1617. A strange weathervane tops the tower. It is a gilded dragon erected in 1757 and is known locally as The Dando Bird. A clock whose mechanism is dated in the early 1800s faces the village.
The church was substantial changed during the 1700s and 1800s. Inside the church is a Norman font, probably a replica, a memorial to the Branch Family dated 1732 and a large board dedicated to Jerome Harvey a local benefactor dated 1637. At the back of the Nave is a Norman ledger stone found in the churchyard with an inscription ‘Roger the Norman lies here’. A board show the list of Rector beginning with Richard Cumin 1198. The building comprises a Tower, a Nave, a Chancel which was enlarged in the early 1900s, a Vestry added in 1840, a North Aisle rebuilt in 1820 and the South Porch has a date of 1793. The organ, from a chapel in Exeter Cathedral, was installed in the mid 1800s. There is a magnificent millennium cross carved by local craftsmen and a great East Window based on a passage from Revelations which was installed in 1962. Until 1996, built into the buttress on the North East corner of the church was a pagan Roman Altar stone which is now in the Roman Baths in the city of Bath. A display board in the church tells visitors all about it. Some mild reordering has taken place but the oak pews are still in place.
Manor House
The 16th-century Manor House is a Grade II* listed building.
Notable residents
The Hollywood actress Betta St John lived in Compton Dando from 1967 until 1975
References
External links
Chew Valley website
River Chew website
Map of Compton Dando circa 1900
Civil parishes in Somerset
Villages in Bath and North East Somerset | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%20Dando |
KXRB (1140 kHz) is an AM radio station in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, airing a classic country format. The station is owned by Townsquare Media.
The programming on what was then KSOO was previously a mix of local talk shows, including "Viewpoint University", "McDaniel's Mess", and "The Mainstreet Cafe", which focused on the current events of the Sioux Falls area and South Dakota. KSOO also featured a variety of nationally syndicated shows, such as Glenn Beck, Mike Huckabee, The Dave Ramsey Show and Lars Larson. KSOO aired the National Football League games of the Green Bay Packers as the only South Dakota affiliate of the Packers Radio Network.
History
Notable station alumni include Myron Floren, an American musician best known as the accordionist on The Lawrence Welk Show.
On August 7, 2017, KSOO and its news/talk format moved to 1000 AM, swapping frequencies with classic country-formatted KXRB.
Honors and awards
In May 2006, KSOO won one first place plaque in the commercial radio division of the South Dakota Associated Press Broadcasters Association news contest. The contest was for the 2005 calendar year.
Previous logo
References
External links
KXRB official website
FCC History Cards for KXRB
XRB (AM)
Classic country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1926
Townsquare Media radio stations
1926 establishments in South Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KXRB%20%28AM%29 |
A cellular repeater (also known as cell phone signal booster or cell phone signal amplifier) is a type of bi-directional amplifier used to improve cell phone reception. A cellular repeater system commonly consists of a donor antenna that receives and transmits signal from nearby cell towers, coaxial cables, a signal amplifier, and an indoor rebroadcast antenna.
Common components
Donor antenna
A "donor antenna" is typically installed by a window or on the roof a building and used to communicate back to a nearby cell tower. A donor antenna can be any of several types, but is usually directional or omnidirectional. An omnidirectional antenna (which broadcast in all directions) is typically used for a repeater system that amplify coverage for all cellular carriers. A directional antenna is used when a particular tower or carrier needs to be isolated for improvement. The use of a highly directional antenna can help improve the donor's signal-to-noise ratio, thus improving the quality of signal redistributed inside a building.
Indoor antenna
Some cellular repeater systems can also include an omnidirectional antenna for rebroadcasting the signal indoors. Depending on attenuation from obstacles, the advantage of using an omnidirectional antenna is that the signal will be equally distributed in all directions.
Motor vehicle antenna
When it is raining and the motor vehicle windows are closed a cell phone could lose between 50% and 100% of its reception. To rectify the reception an antenna is placed outside the vehicle and is wired to the inside of the vehicle to another antenna and amplifier to transmit the mobile phone signal to the cell phone inside the vehicle.
Signal amplifier
Cellular repeater systems include a signal amplifier. Standard GSM channel selective repeaters (operated by telecommunication operators for coverage of large areas and big buildings) have output power around 2 W, high power repeaters have output power around 10 W. The power gain is calculated by the following equation:
A repeater needs to secure sufficient isolation between the donor and the service antenna. When the isolation is lower than actual gain plus a margin (of typically 5–15 dB), the repeater may go into in loop oscillation. This oscillation can cause interference to the cellular network.
The isolation may be improved by antenna type selection in a macro environment, which involves adjusting the angle between the donor and service antennas (ideally 180°), space separation (typically the vertical distance in the case of the tower installation between donor and service antenna is several meters), insertion into an attenuating environment (e.g. installing a metal mesh between donor and service antennas), and/or reduction of reflections (no near obstacles in front of the donor antenna such as trees or buildings).
Isolation can be also improved by integrated feature called ICE (interference cancellation equipment) offered in some products (e.g., NodeG, RFWindow). Activation of this feature has a negative impact on internal delay (higher delay => approximately +5 μs up to standard rep. delay) and consequently a shorter radius from donor site. Amplification and filtering introduce a delay (typically between 5 and 15 μs), depending on the type of repeater and features used. Additional distance also adds propagation delay.
Reasons for weak signal
Rural areas
In many rural areas the housing density is too low to make construction of a new base station commercially viable. Installing a home cellular repeater may remedy this. In flat rural areas the signal is unlikely to suffer from multipath interference.
Building construction material
Certain construction materials can attenuate cell phone signal strength. Older buildings, such as churches, often block cellular signals. Any building that has a significant thickness of concrete, or a large amount of metal used in its construction, will attenuate the signal. Concrete floors are often poured onto a metal pan, which completely blocks most radio signals. Some solid foam insulation and some fiberglass insulation used in roofs or exterior walls have foil backing, which can reduce transmittance. Energy efficient windows and metal window screens are also very effective at blocking radio signals. Some materials have peaks in their absorption spectra, which decrease signal strength.
Building size
Large buildings, such as warehouses, hospitals, and factories, often lack cellular reception. Low signal strength also tends to occur in underground areas (such as basements, and in shops and restaurants located towards the centre of shopping malls). In these cases, an external antenna is usually used.
Multipath interference
Even in urban areas (which usually have strong cellular signals throughout), there may be dead zones caused by destructive interference of waves. These usually have an area of a few blocks and will usually only affect one of the two frequency ranges used by cell phones. This happens because different wavelengths of the different frequencies interfere destructively at different points. Directional antennas can be helpful at overcoming this issue since they may be used to select a single path from several (see Multipath interference for more details).
Diffraction and general attenuation
The longer wavelengths have the advantage of diffracting more, and so line of sight is not as necessary to obtain a good signal. Because the frequencies that cell phones use are too high to reflect off the ionosphere as shortwave radio waves do, cell phone waves cannot travel via the ionosphere. (See Diffraction and Attenuation for more details).
Different operating frequencies
Repeaters are available for all of the GSM frequency bands. Some repeaters will handle different types of networks (such as multi-mode GSM and UMTS). Repeater systems are available for certain Satellite phone systems, allowing these to be used indoors without a clear line of sight to the satellite.
Regional approval
Approval in the USA by the FCC
It used to be legal to use the low power devices available for home and small scale use in commercial areas (offices, shops, bars, etc.).
On February 20, 2013, the FCC released a Report & Order, thus establishing two Safe Harbors and defining the use of "network safe" consumer boosters on licensed spectrum. The Safe Harbors represent a compromise solution between Technology Manufacturers and Wireless Operators. Only a few companies have a product compatible with the new FCC regulations.
The FCC has defined two types of repeaters:
Wide-band (or broadband) signal boosters are usually repeaters that amplify all frequencies from cell phone carriers. Because interferences can be generated from such boosters, the manufacturers who apply to the FCC must limit their gain (among other things), to 65 dB (for the low LTE 700 MHz bands) to 72 dB (for higher frequencies such as AWS). By limiting the system gain, such boosters are only useful when the outdoor signal is relatively high, and need a complex outdoor installation of specific antennas.
Carrier specific (or provider specific) signal boosters. These boosters are only designed to boost those frequencies (and signal) that belong to a particular carrier. Usually, such carrier specific boosters do not produce interferences on other carrier's frequencies, and are allowed to have much larger system gains (sometimes 100 dB). In these conditions, such devices boost signal in a larger coverage area, and can still be efficient when outdoor carrier signals are weak, but are only boosting the signal for the carrier it is designed to operate.
These new rules by the FCC were implemented on March 1, 2014. Here are the rules.
Approval in the UK by Ofcom and the UK market
In May 2011, Ofcom stated the following:
Installation or use of repeater devices (as with any radio equipment) is a criminal offence unless two conditions are satisfied:
That the equipment is CE marked, indicating that the manufacturer has declared that it complies with all relevant EU regulatory requirements, including the Radio equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) Directive;
That the use of the equipment is specifically authorised in the UK, either via a licence or by regulations made by Ofcom to exempt the use from licensing.
Under WT Act 2006 section 1.15, the wireless act also allows an exemption if the device does not "involve undue interference with wireless telegraphy". This is expected to follow the US-style regulations where a mobile repeater must have protection built in against interference.
Ofcom stated that "Repeater devices transmit or re-transmit in the cellular frequency bands. Only the mobile network operators are licensed to use equipment that transmits in these bands. Installation or use of repeater devices by anyone without a licence is a criminal offence under Section 8 of the WT Act 2006." Repeaters operating in rural and less densely populated areas do not pose a quantifiable problem.
See also
Base Station Subsystem
Femtocell – type of cellular repeater
Home Node B – a femtocell
Coverage noticer
Dead zone (cell phone)
Waves
Repeater
References
Radio electronics
Mobile technology
Telecommunications infrastructure | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20repeater |
Dawson Community College (DCC) is a public community college in Glendive, Montana. The college enrolls approximately 400 students and offers associate degree programs and certificate programs. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities and is part of the Montana University System.
Academics
Dawson offers the Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS), and Associate of Applied Science (AAS) degree programs. It also offers vocational certificate programs. The college has an open admissions policy.
Campus housing
The student housing complex is made up of thirty-six, two bedroom apartments which house up to six students. Each fully furnished unit includes two bedrooms, a full kitchen, a dining area, a living room, and a full bathroom. The room and board cost includes a student's rent, utilities, cable television, local telephone, high speed internet access, and participation in the 10 meal or 16 meal per week food plan. Students living on campus have easy and quick access to all the campus buildings, offices, and activities.
Full-time students under the age of 21 must live on campus until they have earned 30 credits. All students living on campus must participate in the food plan. Students can reserve a space for housing at the same time an admissions application is submitted.
Athletics
The DCC Buccaneers varsity athletic programs provide intercollegiate competition. Dawson Community College athletics compete in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association (NIRA), and in the Mon-Dak conference.
Men's athletic programs:
Baseball
Basketball
Rodeo
Cross-country
Track and field
Women's athletic programs
Basketball
Fast-pitch softball
Rodeo
Volleyball
Cross-country
Track and field
Dawson Community College Athletics rivals are the Miles Community College (MCC) Pioneers.
Notable people
Faculty
Ralph Lenhart, mathematic professor, interim president, and legislator
Alumni
Jeff Delzer (R), North Dakota House of Representatives, 8th District
See also
Glendive, Montana
Dawson County, Montana
References
External links
Community colleges in Montana
Buildings and structures in Dawson County, Montana
Universities and colleges established in 1940
Universities and colleges accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
Education in Dawson County, Montana
1940 establishments in Montana
NJCAA athletics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawson%20Community%20College |
The River Parishes are those parishes in Louisiana between New Orleans and Baton Rouge that span both banks of the Mississippi River, and are part of the larger Acadiana region. Traditionally they are considered to be St. Charles Parish, St. James Parish, and St. John the Baptist Parish. These parishes also made up a historical area once referred to as the German Coast of Louisiana. The River Road runs through the parishes.
Three of the parishes, St. Charles , St. John the Baptist and St. James, are also part of the New Orleans metropolitan area, based on the U.S. Census Bureau definition. Ascension Parish, was known historically as the Acadian Coast. Ascension Parish, sometimes included as part of the River Parishes sub-region, is home to the River Parishes Community College, chartered in 1997.
The area contains many architecturally significant historic plantation houses that are included among Louisiana's listings in the National Register of Historic Places.
The three traditional parishes have a combined land area of 1,939.04 km2 (748.67 sq mi). They have a total 2010 census population of 120,459 inhabitants. If Ascension Parish is included, the total land area is 2,694.10 km2 (1,040.198 sq mi) and the census population is 228,345.
Its four largest communities are all unincorporated census-designated places: LaPlace, Luling, Destrehan, and Reserve. Its two largest incorporated cities are located in Ascension Parish, which may not be considered by some to be within the community: Gonzales and Donaldsonville. Its largest community is also an unincorporated community in Ascension Parish census-designated place: Prairieville according to 2020 estimates. Another sizable community within the traditional parishes is St. Rose, also unincorporated. Still smaller in population, however, are the largest incorporated towns in the three-parish area: Lutcher and Gramercy. The largest of all communities in this region is LaPlace in St. John the Baptist Parish. But with Ascension Parish, the largest community would be instead Prairieville.
See also
Cancer Alley – health impacts from industrial plants in the parishes
References
External links
River Parishes Tourist Commission
Ascension Parish Tourist Commission
Former regions and territories of the United States
Acadiana
Geography of Ascension Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. Charles Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. James Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Parishes |
Arnold Palmer's Latrobe Country Club is a private golf club located near Latrobe, Pennsylvania. The course is where golf legend Arnold Palmer learned to play the game of golf from his father. The grounds are located in Unity Township in Westmoreland County, south of Latrobe, and nearer Youngstown.
History
Latrobe Country Club was founded in 1920 by a group of leading industrialists, bankers and professionals from Latrobe, Pennsylvania. The group had acquired of the Kennan Farm bordering on what was then the National Lincoln Highway (U.S. Route 30) just west of Youngstown. By the summer of 1921, work was well underway on the golf course and clubhouse. Among those on the job was a teenager named Milford (Deacon "Deke") Palmer, Arnold Palmer's father.
From that hilly plot of ground emerged a short but imaginative nine-hole course. Despite tough economic times, the club made steady progress over the next two decades. Additional tracts of land were purchased, allowing for revisions that greatly improved the course. In 1944, the Unity Land Company was created and became owner of the property and financed further expansion of the clubhouse and other facilities.
By the early 1960s, sufficient land had been acquired to enable plans for an 18-hole course. Both Deacon and Arnold Palmer contributed heavily to the design of the nine new holes and the revamping of the existing holes to fit the layout. Construction began in 1963 and the new course opened for play the following season. The then 6,377-yard, par-72 course has matured into a beautiful and demanding test of golf.
Course improvement and the modernization and expansion of the clubhouse was accelerated when Arnold Palmer purchased the club in 1971. The interior of the clubhouse was redesigned. Tennis courts, maintenance buildings and cart storage areas were all constructed. Over the years, many of the holes have been revised and lengthened, a modern irrigation system was installed, permanent cart paths were added and a practice range was created.
Deacon Palmer, who had become the grounds superintendent in 1926 and the golf professional in 1931, remained active until his death at the age of 71 in February 1976.
Covered bridges
When Arnold Palmer was designing the back nine at Latrobe Country Club, he wanted to create something that was innovative, yet reflective of western Pennsylvania's rich culture and traditions. He found his inspiration in a watery hazard. A picturesque creek cuts comes into play on several challenging holes on the back nine. So instead of building utilitarian rain shelters on this part of the course, Palmer decided to construct covered bridges that could provide protection when storms kicked up. These beautiful, red, covered bridges are so popular that artists and photographers from across the United States now come to Latrobe just to capture their image.
Tree carving
When Latrobe Country Club was founded in 1921, the golf course was built on farmland. It's hard to imagine today, but back then there were very few trees on this relatively open parcel of land. So, Deacon Palmer embarked on a massive tree planting campaign. About 75 percent of the trees found on the course today were planted by Deacon. One of them, a red pine between the first and eighteenth hole, died recently and was in the process of being cut down. Arnold Palmer suggested that the stump be left and converted into a giant carving of his father. His brother, Jerry, hired renowned local woodcarver Joe King to transform the red pine into a sentimental tribute to their father.
External links
http://www.latrobecountryclub.com/ - Official Site
Golf clubs and courses in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Latrobe, Pennsylvania
Arnold Palmer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrobe%20Country%20Club |
The dump tackle, also known as dumping, tipping, or a tip tackle is a popular tackling technique used in rugby football. The tackler wraps their arms around the ball carrier's thighs and lifts them a short distance in the air before forcibly driving them to the ground. The move is frowned upon in many rugby communities as a dangerous tackling technique, as it puts the player being tackled at risk of a spine, neck, or head injury. However, the move is still popular in some places, and is often considered a crowd-pleaser.
A similar tackle to the dump tackle is the spear tackle, a more dangerous (and illegal) move. This can be done by adding additional rotation to the player being tackled, causing the player to hit the ground head or neck first.
Rugby Union
According to World Rugby rules, "a player must not lift an opponent off the ground and drop or drive that player so that their head and/or upper body make contact with the ground." This applies to both dump tackles and spear tackles, although the calling of a penalty for these tackles is up to the discretion of the referee. Illegal dump tackles can be penalized with a yellow card, red card, or penalty only depending on the severity of the tackle and the danger to the player being tackled.
In an effort to reduce tackle-related injuries, World Rugby has emphasized to referees the importance of penalizing players who use this tackle technique dangerously.
Rugby League
The dump tackle is a tackling technique favored mainly by rugby league players. A player is guilty of misconduct if they "uses any dangerous throw when affecting a tackle," which includes any lifting of the player being tackled beyond the horizontal (i.e., a spear tackle). As per Rugby League International Federation (IRLF) laws, "Dangerous throw (d) If, in any tackle of, or contact with, an opponent that player is so lifted that he is placed in a position where it is likely that the first part of his body to make contact with the ground will be his head or neck (“the dangerous position”), then that tackle or contact will be deemed to be a dangerous throw unless, with the exercise of reasonable care, the dangerous position could not have been avoided."
See also
Tackle (football move)
Spear tackle - similar to a dump tackle
Grapple tackle - another controversial tackling technique
High tackle
Glossary of rugby league terms
Glossary of rugby union terms
One on one tackle
References
Rugby league terminology
Rugby union terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dump%20tackle |
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