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{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Nesophontes
| fossil_range = Quaternary
| image = Puerto Rican shrew.jpg
| image_caption = Nesophontes edithae
| parent_authority = Anthony, 1916
| taxon = Nesophontes
| authority = Anthony, 1916
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = †Nesophontes edithae
†Nesophontes hemicingulus
†Nesophontes hypomicrus†Nesophontes major†Nesophontes micrus†Nesophontes paramicrus†Nesophontes zamicrus}}Nesophontes, sometimes called West Indies shrews, is the sole genus of the extinct, monotypic mammal family Nesophontidae in the order Eulipotyphla. These animals were small insectivores, about 5 to 15 cm long, with a long slender snout and head and a long tail. They were endemic to the Greater Antilles (except Jamaica), in Cuba, Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Cayman Islands.
Extinction
Although reliable estimates are unavailable, these animals are confirmed to have survived the Pleistocene extinction, since remains have been found among those of Rattus and Mus species. Some authorities estimate extinction coinciding with the arrival of rats aboard Spanish vessels in the early 16th century (1500). Others, such as Morgan and Woods, claim that some species survived until the early 20th century. A phylogenetic study in 2016, based on DNA extracted from a specimen about 750 years old, suggests their nearest relatives are the solenodons, although the two groups diverged more than 40 million years ago.
The West Indies shrews have been described only from fossil records and skeletal material in owl pellets found in the Greater Antilles and surrounding islands. Recent efforts to locate surviving populations have been unsuccessful. Although some Nesophontes remains in owl pellets have been reported as fresh-appearing, radiocarbon dating has failed to support any post-16th century dates, suggesting that the nesophontids became extinct very rapidly at approximately the time of European discovery and settlement of the Greater Antilles, although one species, N. hemicingulus, possibly survived until around 1632 to 1774.
Species
Since Nesophontes species have only been observed through fossil records, the exact number of species varies among authorities. Some claim as many as 12 valid species, while other claim as few as six.
Puerto Rican nesophontes (Nesophontes edithae)
Cayman nesophontes (Nesophontes hemicingulus)
Atalaye nesophontes (Nesophontes hypomicrus)
Greater Cuban nesophontes (Nesophontes major)
Western Cuban nesophontes (Nesophontes micrus)
St. Michel nesophontes (Nesophontes paramicrus)
Haitian nesophontes (Nesophontes zamicrus'')
See also
Giant hutia
List of extinct animals
List of eulipotyphlans of the Caribbean
References
External links
Extinct mammals
Extinct animals of the Caribbean
Holocene extinctions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesophontes |
A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valves control the flow of spent exhaust gasses out of the combustion chamber once combustion is completed.
Layout
The valvetrain layout is largely dependent on the location of the camshaft. The common valvetrain configurations for piston engines - in order from oldest to newest - are:
Flathead engine: The camshaft and the valves are located in the engine block below the combustion chamber.
Overhead valve engine: The camshaft remains in the block, however the valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber.
Overhead camshaft engine: The valves and camshaft(s) are in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber.
Components
The valvetrain consists of all the components responsible for transferring the rotational movement of the camshaft into the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves. Typical components are listed below in order from the crankshaft to the valves.
Camshaft
The timing and lift profile of the valve opening events are controlled by the camshaft(s), through use of a carefully shaped lobe on a rotating shaft. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft and— in the case of a four-stroke engine— rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft.
Motion is transferred from the crankshaft to the camshaft most commonly by a rubber timing belt, a metallic timing chain or a set of gears.
Pushrod
Pushrods are long, slender metal rods that are used in overhead valve engines to transfer motion from the camshaft (located in the engine block) to the valves (located in the cylinder head). The bottom end of a pushrod is fitted with a lifter, upon which the camshaft makes contact. The camshaft lobe moves the lifter upwards, which moves the pushrod. The top end of the pushrod pushes on the rocker arm, which opens the valve.
Rocker arm / Finger / Bucket tappet
Depending on the design used, the valves are actuated by a rocker arm, finger or bucket tappet. Overhead valve engines use rocker arms, which are actuated from below indirectly (through the pushrods) by the cam lobes. Overhead camshaft engines use fingers or bucket tappets, which are actuated from above directly by the cam lobes.
Valves
Most modern engines use poppet valves, although sleeve valves, slide valves and rotary valves have also been used at times. Poppet valves are typically opened by the camshaft lobe or rocker arm, and closed by a coiled spring called a valve spring.
Valve float occurs when the valve spring is unable to control the inertia of the valvetrain at high engine speeds (RPM).
See also
Cam-in-block
Camless piston engine
References
Engine components | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvetrain |
The Exile is a 1931 American film directed by Oscar Micheaux with choreography by Leonard Harper. A drama-romance of the race film genre, The Exile was Micheaux's first feature-length sound film, and the first African-American sound film. Adapted from Micheaux's first novel The Conquest (1913), it the film shares some autobiographical elements; for example, Micheaux spent several years as a cattle rancher in an otherwise all-white area of South Dakota as does the film's central character Jean Baptiste (played by Stanley Morrell).
Plot
In Chicago, Edith Duval has become powerful in the African-American community, mostly because she came into possession of a South Chicago mansion where she was once a servant; the white family that owned the mansion abandoned it when blacks started moving into the neighborhood. She is in love with Jean Baptiste, but she rejects his idealism and he is at odds with her cynicism. Edith wants to convert the mansion into a speakeasy and nightclub.
Baptiste buys land in South Dakota and becomes a successful rancher. Five years into his time there, he falls in love with young Agnes Stewart. He considers the situation hopeless because Agnes is white and although she accepts him, he feels as though they won't work together as a couple. After he leaves the area, Agnes's father reveals to her that her late mother, who is deceased, was of Ethiopian ancestry and thus, Agnes is part black.
Fleeing back to Chicago to escape the relationship, which he believes is doomed, the former teetotaler Baptiste returns to Edith's club, her liquor and her charms. They plan to marry, but her former lover, an Ethiopian named Jango, appears, sneaks into Edith's room and complains of how she has ruined him. After he threatens suicide, she hands him a gun as a gesture of contempt. Instead of killing himself, he kills her. Baptiste is initially suspected of the murder but is cleared when a witness comes forward and confirms overhearing Jango and Edith arguing.
Back in South Dakota, Agnes reads in the newspaper on Baptiste being accused of murder and goes out of her way to Chicago to help him. She arrives at City Hall just as he is cleared by the district attorney. After being reunited, they return to South Dakota.
Cast
Eunice Brooks as Edith Duval
Stanley Morrell as Jean Baptiste
Celeste Cole as Singer
Nora Newsome as Agnes Stewart
Carl Mahon as Jango
Kathleen Noisette as Madge
Charles R. Moore as Jack Stewart
George Randol as Bill Prescott
A.B. DeComathiere as An Outlaw
Lou Vernon as District Attorney
Louise Cook as Dancer
Roland Holder as Tap Dancer
Donald Heywood as Bandleader
Production
The film was shot at Metropolitan Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early film studios were based at the beginning of the 20th century. Filming was scheduled to accommodate the many cast members who had commitments on Broadway. Principal photography wrapped in late February 1931 and post-production was completed in March. A preview screening was successful and the film premiered at the Lafayette Theater in May to sold-out crowds and positive reviews.
Reception
In 2008, film historian Richard Koszarski wrote: "Although some critics later described The Exile 'a disaster,' its technical quality is certainly no worse than Mother’s Boy (1929) and Howdy Broadway (1929), or other low-budget eastern productions of the period. Indeed, Micheaux’s sober analysis of racial distinction with and without the black community marks The Exile as far more ambitious and interesting than most other independent films of the day. The Exile was a highly personal statement that Micheaux dramatized as stock melodrama, a very difficult project to pull off in the 1930s. If the film was the critical and commercial failure some historians suggest, then its fate may be seen as prefiguring the negative response to D. W. Griffith’s The Struggle (1931), shot in the Bronx a few months later."
Notes
External links
http://www.rhythmforsale.com/
http://cinema.theiapolis.com/movie-2N3Y/the-exile/
https://www.amazon.com/Rhythm-Sale-Grant-Harper-Reid/dp/0615678289
http://www.filmcaptures.com/the-exile/
https://nypost.com/2000/02/14/he-roots-out-granddads-past/
http://www.streetswing.com/histmai2/d2leonard_harper01a.htm
http://cinema.theiapolis.com/movie-2N3Y/the-exile/
http://www.rhythmforsale.com/home.html
1931 films
American black-and-white films
American drama films
Films directed by Oscar Micheaux
1931 drama films
Race films
Films set in Chicago
Films based on American novels
Films shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
English-language drama films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Exile%20%281931%20film%29 |
Kēōkea is an unincorporated populated place in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. It is located at , near the junction of Māmalahoa Highway (Route 11) and Keala o Keawe Road (Route 160), elevation . Satellite imagery shows evidence of a humid climate with agriculture dominant around the settlement. Just to the north is the area of Hōnaunau. It was the name for the land division (ahupuaa) of ancient Hawaii that stretched from the shoreline to Mauna Loa owned by Mataio Kekūanaōʻa.
The name is used for several places throughout the Hawaiian Islands.
A county park named Kēōkea is on the north coast of the Hawaii Island, at . In the Hawaiian Language, kē ō kea means "the sound of whitecaps", or "the white sand".
References
Unincorporated communities in Hawaii County, Hawaii
Populated places on Hawaii (island)
Unincorporated communities in Hawaii | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keokea%2C%20Hawaii%20County%2C%20Hawaii |
Yura may refer to:
Place
Yura, Wakayama, a town in Japan
Yura District, a district in Peru
Yura Station, a railway station in Japan
Ethnic groups and languages
Yura, or Adnyamathanha, an indigenous group of South Australia
Yura, or Eora, an indigenous group of New South Wales, Australia
Yura, or Yuracaré people, a Bolivian indigenous group
Yura, or Yuracaré language, a language of Bolivia
Yura languages, a language group of Australia
People with the name
Yura Kim, an alternative name of Kim Jong-il, the leader of North Korea
Yura (South Korean singer) (born 1992), South Korean singer and member of Girl's Day
Yura Halim (1923–2016), Bruneian politician
Yura Matsuda (born 1998), Japanese figure skater
Yura Min (born 1995), South Korean ice dancer
Yura Movsisyan (born 1987), Armenian soccer player
Yura Yunita (born 1991), Indonesian jazz singer
Hiroaki Yura (born 1981), Japanese violinist
Hnat Yura (1888–1966), Soviet and Ukrainian director, actor of theatre and film, pedagogue
Characters
Yura Sakuratsuki, from the anime series Futakoi
Other uses
Japanese cruiser Yura, a 1922 cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy
Yura, an uthra or angel mentioned in the Ginza Rabba in Mandaeism
See also
Iura (disambiguation)
Jura (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yura |
Leo Alexander Fohl (November 28, 1876 – October 30, 1965) was an American manager in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians, St. Louis Browns, and Boston Red Sox.
Biography
Born in Lowell, Ohio, Fohl's involvement in professional baseball began in the early 1900s, when he served as a catcher for minor-league clubs in Ohio. His subsequent major-league playing career consisted of just five games as a catcher and 17 at-bats over two seasons. In 1915, he took over as manager of the Indians, with his best finish coming in 1918 when the Tribe finished in second place behind the Red Sox. He never made an important move, however, without consulting Tris Speaker, who arrived via a trade with Boston in the same year Fohl took over. In 1919, Fohl resigned as the Indians' manager after 78 games, and Speaker stepped in as manager for the remainder of the season.
Fohl resurfaced in 1921 with the Browns, where in 1922 the team was only eliminated from the pennant race on the penultimate game of the season, finishing just one game behind the New York Yankees. When the 1923 Browns fell back closer (but still above) .500, he was fired in midseason. In 1924, he joined the Red Sox, where he finished his managerial career on a dismal note; his Red Sox teams never finished higher than seventh place. (In fact, he was the only man to manage in the American League between 1924 and 1926 and not be enshrined in the Hall of Fame.) He finished with a 713-792 (.474 winning percentage) as manager. He managed the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League in 1927, but was fired mid-way through the season.
He died in Brooklyn, Ohio at age 88.
Managerial record
References
External links
Baseball-Reference.com – career managing record
1876 births
1965 deaths
Baseball managers
Cleveland Indians managers
St. Louis Browns managers
Boston Red Sox managers
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Cincinnati Reds players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) managers
Ohio State League managers
Des Moines Undertakers players
Binghamton Bingoes players
Youngstown Ohio Works players
Columbus Senators players
Lima Cigarmakers players
Akron Champs players
Akron Rubbermen players
Huntington Blue Sox players
Waterbury Contenders players
People from Brooklyn, Ohio
Baseball players from Cuyahoga County, Ohio
People from Washington County, Ohio
Baseball coaches from Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Fohl |
is a chokehold in judo. It is one of the twelve constriction techniques of Kodokan Judo in the Shime-waza list. Do-jime is one of the four forbidden techniques, Kinshi-waza. Do-jime is also a prohibited technique in Judo competitions, and is considered a 'slight infringement' according to IJF rules, Section 27: Prohibited acts and penalties, article 21.
See also
The Canon Of Judo
Compressive asphyxia
References
External links
judoinfosite.nl Do-jime information.
Judo technique
Grappling
Grappling hold
Grappling positions
Martial art techniques | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do-jime |
Publow is a small village and civil parish in Bath and North East Somerset, England. It lies beside the River Chew in the Chew Valley. It is 7 miles from Bristol, 9 miles from Bath, and 4 miles from Keynsham. The principal settlement in the parish is Pensford. The parish also includes the village of Belluton and part of the village of Woollard. At the 2011 census it had a population of 1,119.
History
Publow anciently belonged to the St Loes of Newton, and later came into the hands of the Hungerfords along with Compton Dando. The manor having many owners Henry Hastings (Third Earl Becher (c1517-1570)), Sir John Popham, Sir Francis Popham.
It is close to the route of the ancient Wansdyke. The name Publow is believed to mean 'The public meadow' or 'The people's meadow', from the Latin publicus and the Old English leah. An alternative explanation is that the name is directly from West Country Brythonic corresponding to "pobel" (people), corresponding to Modern Cornish "poble n.f, poblow n.pl (people)", giving rise to the local surname of Pople or, was that it was originally Publo or Publoe meaning Priests Hill, the nearest hill still bearing that name.
The parish of Publow was part of the Keynsham Hundred,
All Saints' Parish Church in Publow is the resting place of the world famous clarinet player Acker Bilk (1929-2014) and his wife.
Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, such as the village hall or community centre, playing fields and playgrounds, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also of interest to the council.
The parish falls within the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset which was created in 1996, as established by the Local Government Act 1992. It provides a single tier of local government with responsibility for almost all local government functions within their area including local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection, recycling, cemeteries, crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism. They are also responsible for education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning, although fire, police and ambulance services are provided jointly with other authorities through the Avon Fire and Rescue Service, Avon and Somerset Constabulary and the Great Western Ambulance Service.
Bath and North East Somerset's area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. Its administrative headquarters are in Bath. Between 1 April 1974 and 1 April 1996, it was the Wansdyke district and the City of Bath of the county of Avon. Before 1974 the parish was part of the Clutton Rural District.
The parish is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of North East Somerset. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was also part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.
Publow has its own parish council, which has some responsibility for local issues and is part of the Publow and Whitchurch Ward, which is represented by one councillor on the Bath and North East Somerset Unitary Authority, which has wider responsibilities for services such as education, refuse, tourism etc. The village is a part of the North East Somerset constituency. Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.
Demographics
According to the 2001 Census, the Publow and Whitchurch Ward (which includes Belluton and Pensford), had 1,087 residents, living in 429 households, with an average age of 40.8 years. Of these 73% of residents describing their health as 'good', 24% of 16- to 74-year-olds had no qualifications; and the area had an unemployment rate of 2.3% of all economically active people aged 16–74. In the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004, it was ranked at 26,408 out of 32,482 wards in England, where 1 was the most deprived LSOA and 32,482 the least deprived.
Buildings
Church
The Church of All Saints dates from the 14th century has a 15th-century tower with gargoyles. The pulpit is Jacobean. It is a Grade I listed building. The church consists of a west tower, nave, north aisle and porch, south aisle and porch, and chancel. The west tower has four stages with set back buttresses terminating in diagonally set pinnacles at the bell chamber stage. The nave has a clerestorey of four 2-light trefoil headed windows. The east end of the chancel has an early Perpendicular (restored) 3-light window with reticulated tracery. The pulpit dates from the early 17th century, and is made of oak with carved, arcaded panels to the upper part and rosettes on the lower part.
Bridge
The bridge over the River Chew dates from the medieval period and was rebuilt and dated 1788 and 1810, and is Grade II listed. The bridge developed a crack and showed other signs of potential weakness, which required extensive renovation work involving an unusual combination of cutting-edge engineering techniques and the use of traditional materials, complicated by the presence of two protected species: Daubenton's bats, which were roosting in cavities under the bridge, and white clawed crayfish in the river below. The renovation by Bath & North East Somerset Council's transportation team, and partner Mott MacDonald, working with experts from English Heritage and the Environment Agency, received a commendation at the Historic Bridge and Infrastructure Awards in London in November 2006, which were sponsored by the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Grade II listed buildings
References
Bibliography
Map of Publow circa 1900
External links
Parish website
Chew Valley website
River Chew website
Villages in Bath and North East Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publow |
A cam-in-block engine is where the camshaft is located in the engine block. Types of cam-in-block engines are:
F-Head Engine
Flathead engine
Overhead valve engine (the only type where the valves are above the combustion chamber)
T-head engine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam-in-block |
Michael John Rinder (; born April 10, 1955) is an Australian-American former senior executive of the Church of Scientology International (CSI) and the Sea Organization based in the United States. From 1982 to 2007, Rinder served on the board of directors of CSI and also held the post of executive director of its Office of Special Affairs, overseeing the corporate, legal and public relations matters of Scientology at the international level.
Rinder left Scientology in 2007. Ever since then, he has spoken about the physical and mental abuse inflicted upon staff members by Chairman of Scientology, David Miscavige, and by Rinder himself before his departure from the cult, and has explained how abuse was embedded into the culture of Scientology. From 2016 to 2019, he co-hosted the Emmy Award-winning A&E documentary series Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath. In 2020, he and Remini reunited to launch the podcast Scientology: Fair Game. In September 2022, he published a memoir titled A Billion Years: My Escape From a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology.
Scientology career
Early years
Rinder was born in Adelaide, Australia, to Ian and Barbara Rinder in 1955. When he was 5 years old his parents became interested in Scientology and the family began attending the Church of Scientology International center in Australia.
In a 2006 interview with Rolling Stone, Rinder said he had experienced discrimination in Australia during the period when the state of Victoria had banned Scientology: "You couldn't own Scientology books ... If you did, you had to hide them because if the police came and found them, they'd take them away."
Joining Sea Org
After finishing high school, at age 18 Rinder joined the Sea Org on the ship Apollo, then headquarters for Sea Org and for Scientology. Rinder became an early member of the Commodore's Messenger Organization and rapidly rose in rank to head of the Office of Special Affairs.
Office of Special Affairs
As executive director of the Office of Special Affairs, he served as the chief spokesperson and representative of Scientology to the media for 25 years until replaced by Tommy Davis in 2005 under orders from David Miscavige. This office is responsible for overseeing public relations and legal issues for the church, as well as handling "internal investigations into members' behavior."
According to a 2016 Rolling Stone recap of the second episode of Leah Remini's documentary series "Scientology and the Aftermath", Rinder said of his position:
Rinder cited specific examples of this duty, saying that he personally traveled to London to prevent journalist John Sweeney, who is responsible for Scientology and Me, from attending a movie premiere and to attempt to "discredit Sweeney in any way that he could".
Departure from Scientology
Rinder has said that he was living in The Hole for over two years "when he was suddenly pulled from his prison and sent on [a] mission to London to defend the Church against John Sweeney's film", Scientology and Me, in March 2007. Rinder defended Scientology leader David Miscavige, but Miscavige was unhappy that Rinder was unable to stop the documentary from being shown. As a result, Rinder "was to report to the church's facility in Sussex, and dig ditches" and then was to be allowed to return to the United States.
Rinder claimed his moment of clarity came in a confrontation with the filmmaker, which was recorded on video. In the exchange, Rinder denied Sweeney's allegation that he had been abused by Miscavige and was instructed by him to deny it happened. Rinder realized afterwards though that Sweeney's allegation about him was true and he was unable to rationalize why he was denying it. Afterwards, instead of reporting to Sussex, Rinder decided to leave Scientology.
Rinder went to Virginia and told Scientology officials that he wanted to speak to his wife and also wanted his possessions. He did not speak to his wife, but was sent a FedEx package with a check for $5,000. His family photos were not sent. Rinder's official biography has since been removed from the official Scientology website.
Criticism of Church of Scientology
After leaving Scientology, Rinder relocated to Denver, Colorado, and initially didn't intend to speak out against the organization; in 2009, when St. Petersburg Times first asked him for an interview, he declined. However, a month later, two Washington-based Scientology lawyers went to his home unannounced, informed Rinder that they knew about the newspaper's visit and asked what he had revealed. According to Rinder, this incident was another moment of clarity, because he realized he was now being subjected to Scientology's practice of fair game intimidation and harassment despite declining to speak out. He decided to do the interview with the St. Petersburg Times, and said he was speaking out because "I don't want people to continue to be hurt and tricked and lied to." He spoke about Scientology's management and the repeated abuse that he gave as well as received, and the interviews became part of the paper's "The Truth Rundown" special issue.
Since then, Rinder has given numerous interviews to journalists and participated in several documentaries about Scientology. In March 2010, Rinder again confirmed allegations of abuse within Scientology to CNN's Anderson Cooper on Anderson Cooper 360°.
On September 28, 2010, Rinder appeared on The Secrets of Scientology broadcast by the BBC series Panorama. In 2015 he appeared in the HBO documentary entitled Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief by Alex Gibney which is based on the book by Lawrence Wright. Along with Leah Remini, Rinder co-hosted the A&E documentary series Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath.
Rinder published a memoir in September 2022 titled A Billion Years: My Escape From a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology.
His intimate knowledge about the organization, both as a Sea Org member for 46 years and as head of the OSA for 25 years, has been a revelation about the organization to the world. Rinder has discussed how the OSA responds to critics of the church who are Scientologists and those who aren't and stated that several events in the history of Scientology have rocked the organization: the death of L. Ron Hubbard in 1986, the discovery of Operation Snow White, the rise of the Internet in the 1990s, the mobile revolution of the 2000s and the rise of social media in the 2010s. These events have made it difficult for the church to attract new followers and retain current adherents and resulted in the church taking increasingly more draconian measures to ensure its survival.
Actions by church against critics
According to Rinder, Scientology's two principal weapons against critics within the organization are Auditing and Disconnection. Initially, auditing was meant to be a form of counseling (for which members pay over $500 per hour) to obtain the spiritual benefits of Scientology but by the time of his departure, he stated the practice had degenerated into a tool for interrogation and mind control. Non-compliant parishioners are labelled "suppressive persons" and disconnected from by other members of the church, including family members.
Auditing
The device used during auditing, called an E-meter, has a disclaimer on it that says "it does nothing by itself" but members are told that it functions like a lie detector. Mike Rinder, Mark Rathbun, Marc and Claire Headley state that auditing sessions are secretly recorded, including ones with secrets about Tom Cruise and initially were forms of spiritual counseling. That changed due to the reaction by many early Scientologists to the Xenu origin of man story found in OT III. They balked at it and began leaving the church and encouraging others to do so as well. According to Rinder, this is where the term "suppressive person" originated from. Rinder also stated that the prophecy of Hubbard's messiah like return after death to prevent an apocalyptic alien invasion in OT VIII (released in 1988, two years after his death) garnered a similar response, prompting many high-ranking Scientologists – including Pat Broeker – to leave the organization as a result. According to Rinder, virtually all of the executives, himself included, had rejected both of the above-mentioned Scientological tenets, however they nevertheless continued to train parishioners to accept them as true.
Rinder's moment of clarity after the confrontation with Sweeney came when he realized that it was the auditing sessions that led him to deny Sweeney's allegations that he knew were true. He later discovered the training he received during those sessions was developed from a book written by Hubbard in 1955 called Brain-Washing.
Disconnection
According to Rinder, for decades enrollment has been declining, but departures were more concerning. Without new Scientologists entering the organization, the church became increasingly dependent on retaining the followers they already had. The church's disconnection policy is primarily how the church discourages Scientologists from departing and is a mechanism of emotional blackmail. All communication with any Scientologist that "blows", or has an unauthorized departure as Rinder did, is immediately ceased. Since Scientologists are not permitted to have social relationships with non-Scientologists, they essentially lose contact with all their social contacts when they leave. Sea Org members are even more vulnerable when they leave because they are financially dependent on the church. Any Scientologist that doesn't disconnect from someone that leaves will be declared a suppressive person and expelled as well. This policy led to what Rinder stated are "captive" Scientologists – church members who stay not because they are faithful to the tenets but because they fear disconnection – and cites Leah Remini's mother as an example of this because she stated she wanted to leave Scientology prior to Leah's departure but delayed doing so because she didn't want to be disconnected from the rest of her family.
Rinder stated that the policy of "routing out", or authorized departure, is a sham. The church claims that anyone can voluntarily leave, or route out, and not be declared by paying a fee for leaving but in reality everyone that leaves gets declared by policy because they will have access to the internet after leaving and any parishioner who remains in contact with them will also have unauthorized access as well.
After leaving Scientology in 2007, Rinder and his first wife, Cathy, divorced after 35 years, and he has had no contact with her or his two adult children from his first marriage because of disconnection. In April 2010, Rinder, who lived in Clearwater, Florida, attempted to meet his son, who also lives in Clearwater, after learning he was diagnosed with cancer, but his son refused to see him. The church also refused to let him on the property and had him cited for trespassing by the Clearwater Police. Rinder stated his biggest regrets in life is having two children that were born into Scientology and having enforced the disconnection policy (to which he is now being subjected) when he was director of the OSA.
He stated the rise of social media in the late 2000s has allowed ex-Scientologists to connect with each other and form support groups for members who have left or want to leave. He credits the disconnection policy for the consistently negative media portrayal of Scientology. The reports of Scientology extracting large fees and their space opera beliefs were controversial, but their portrayal didn't become consistently negative until ex-Scientologists started sharing their stories through social media about families intentionally being broken up by disconnection because a family member decided to leave (or wasn't a member of) the church of Scientology.
Fair Game
Rinder stated that his primary role as Director of the Office of Special Affairs was defending the church against critics by employing Scientology's fair game tactics which essentially are to "intimidate, defame, harass, discredit, and effectively silence any criticism of Scientology". He and fellow defector Marty Rathbun, former head of the Religious Technology Center, revealed through these interviews how this was done. For instance, Rinder told the Times that Scientology critic Bob Minton ceased his criticism of Scientology after Rinder discovered "things that, really, he was worried about and had caused problems for him in the investigation that we had done" and that they had reached a private settlement. Rinder regrets his role in that investigation and has stated he considered Minton a friend at the time of Minton's death in January 2010. Both have said the policy was backfiring because victims, such as John Sweeney, reported their experiences with fair game and this led to more negative publicity and thus produced more critics than they were silencing. Rinder's own decision to speak out against Scientology is an example of this as well because he decided to speak out against the church after being victimized by fair game despite not criticizing the church after leaving. Rinder has been victimized by fair game numerous times and recalled an incident where he was sitting in his car at a doctor's office parking lot during a phone interview with BBC journalist John Sweeney when "five senior members of [Scientology's] California-based international management team – surrounded and screamed at him". The screaming was so loud, Sweeney was able to record the episode and later aired the recording on The Secrets of Scientology broadcast by the BBC's Panorama program.
The policy was becoming increasingly ineffective starting the 1980s as it was unable to stop publication of A Piece of Blue Sky by ex-Scientologist Jon Atack or the documentary Scientology and Me which ultimately led to Rinder's departure. The internet made it even less effective because information can be uploaded anonymously and then viewed by anyone with internet access.
Rinder said Fair Game's most significant failure came with the discovery of Operation Snow White by the FBI. The Church organized an illegal infiltration of 136 government agencies because of the IRS' refusal to reinstate the church's tax exempt status. The FBI raid that ensued led to the discovery of hundreds of documents detailing criminal activity by the Church, and dozens of high-ranking church officials were prosecuted. But according to Rinder, David Miscavige's claim that Fair Game succeeded in regaining Scientology's tax-exempt status in 1993 is untrue. It was reinstated, he said, because Scientology abandoned its Fair Game practices against the IRS after Hubbard's death, and instead followed the IRS policy for obtaining tax-exempt status.
According to Rinder, the Church never recovered from the FBI raid, because it provided documentary evidence to support critics' claims. This was also the primary source of information used in the article, The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power published by Time magazine in 1991.
Vexatious litigation
After the FBI raid, Rinder said that Fair Game tactics had to be changed. Intimidation tactics were still used, but took the form of vexatious litigation. Rinder stated this was effective at silencing organizations from disseminating information critical of Scientology, and kept the public relatively unaware of information seized during the FBI raid. However, the 1991 Time magazine article, "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power," and the litigation that followed it ended this secrecy. The year before Scientology sued Time magazine for defamation, the Church was successful at shutting down the Cult Awareness Network (CAN) by suing the group. However, unlike CAN, the Time Warner Corporation had the resources to defend itself, as well as the documents obtained from the earlier FBI raid. Time Warner was able to successfully prove that Scientology's lawsuit was vexatious in nature, and that it was meant to financially drain critics into submission rather than to resolve any actual dispute. Additionally, the discovery process allowed for the subpoena of Church documents, which exposed the Church's litigation policies. As a result, the Church lost its lawsuit against Time Warner. In the aftermath of the Time Warner lawsuit, courts were less receptive to litigation brought by the Church, because its abuse of the legal system was well documented. The Church spent approximately seven million dollars in an attempt to discredit Time's article, which ultimately had the effect of drawing more attention to Scientology and public criticism of its practices. According to Rinder, the Time Warner lawsuit was ultimately responsible for "shattering the cone of silence" around Scientology.
In the decade that followed, criticism of the Church became bolder, more public and consistently negative. In the early 1990s, when the Internet was in its infancy, internet startups could be intimidated by the threat of litigation by the Church. But a decade later, those same companies were now large corporations with the resources to defend themselves. They also lobbied for legislation that shielded them from "loser pays" laws that would indemnify the Church if it lost a lawsuit, and anti-SLAPP laws that prohibited the Church from using lawsuits to financially drain a critic into submission. Although Scientology continued to sue individual critics, defendants began using discovery to introduce secret church documents into evidence, making them part of the public record, and thus viewable by anyone. An example of this was the 1993 case Church of Scientology International v. Fishman and Geertz.
Awards and charitable work
Mike Rinder was co-executive producer of the show Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath in 2019 and 2020 when the show was nominated for the Emmy Awards, winning an Emmy for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series Or Special - 2020.
In 2018, Mike Rinder co-founded The Aftermath Foundation, a nonprofit which helps people escape from Scientology, and connects former Sea Org members with housing, work and other support upon leaving the church. Rinder is a board member of the Foundation.
In 2019, CHILD USA awarded Mike Rinder and Leah Remini the Barbara Blaine Trailblazer Award for having "taken a brave, public stand for justice and given voice to many of Scientology's victims." As of 2023, Rinder sits on the CHILD USA board of directors where he helps to "[change] the laws in numerous states across the US with legislation enacted to make it possible for victims to pursue their day in court."
Personal life
Rinder has two children with his first wife Cathy, daughter Taryn and son Benjamin.
In 2012, his partner, Christie King Collbran, gave birth to the couple's son, Jack. In 2013, Rinder and Christie married, and he became stepfather to her son, Shane.
According to his blog, he now lives in Palm Harbor, Florida, with his wife, son and stepson.
In June 2023, it was announced that Rinder had developed advanced esophageal cancer.
Bibliography
References
External links
mrinder.com
Scientology:Fair Game Podcast with Leah Remini and Mike Rinder
1955 births
Living people
Australian emigrants to the United States
Australian podcasters
Australian television presenters
Australian whistleblowers
Critics of Scientology
Scientology officials
People from Clearwater, Florida
People from Palm Harbor, Florida
American former Scientologists
Primetime Emmy Award winners
YouTube podcasters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Rinder |
Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd. is a publishing house based in Kota Kinabalu, Borneo. It is among the leading English language and natural history publishers in Malaysia and the entire Southeast Asian region. The company has published numerous works relating to the biological richness of the area, with a focus on the island of Borneo, which supports one of the world's most diverse ecosystems.
The pitcher plant species Nepenthes chaniana and the world's longest known insect, Phobaeticus chani, are named after Datuk Chan Chew Lun, Managing Director of Natural History Publications (Borneo).
References
External links
Official website
Publishing companies of Malaysia
Book publishing companies of Malaysia
Privately held companies of Malaysia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20History%20Publications%20%28Borneo%29 |
Jones, Turner and Evans was a locomotive manufacturer in Newton-le-Willows, England from 1837, known as Jones and Potts between 1844 and 1852.
Jones, Turner and Evans
The company opened in 1837 with subcontracts from Edward Bury and Robert Stephenson. They provided locomotives for the North Union Railway and the Midland Counties Railway (MCR), the latter all 2-2-2 with diameter driving wheels, and cylinders. In 1840, they built two four-coupled 0-4-2s for the MCR. Further orders included engines for the Great Northern Railway, London and Brighton Railway and the Grand Junction Railway. They also supplied six broad gauge engines for the Great Western Railway, the first of the class being Firefly. In 1841 built four for the Eastern Counties Railway.
Also in 1841 they exported two 0-4-2 locomotives to Austria: Minotaurus and Ajax. Ajax is now the oldest preserved steam locomotive in mainland Europe. It was built for the inauguration of the Kaiser Ferdinands-Nordbahn in 1837. Originally built to transport goods it was, due to its large wheels and capability for high speeds, used for passenger services also. In 1874 it was withdrawn from service but not scrapped. From 1897 Ajax was stored at the Austrian Railway Museum. In 1908 on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Kaiser Ferdinands-Nordbahn it was restored and shortly afterwards transferred to the Techisches Museum in Vienna, where it is still on display.
Jones and Potts
After the initial railway boom, by 1844, orders were becoming slack and Jones formed a partnership with Arthur Potts, renaming the company Jones and Potts. Mr. Potts was instrumental in securing many more orders, particularly from the Eastern Counties Railway.
Two long-boilered freight locomotives, No. 36 and 37 Bristol and Hercules, were supplied to the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway in June 1844. On Midland Railway takeover they were renumbered 222 and 223 and rebuilt around 1855 as Well tanks and assigned to banking duties on the Lickey Incline.
Locomotive designs
By 1850, the design of most of the locos was to Alexander Allan's pattern, with outside cylinders, and the long-boiler 4-2-0 popularised by Robert Stephenson. As a result, they had a very rough ride and derailed frequently. They also built five 0-6-0 engines for the Scottish lines, which, however were converted to 0-4-2. Seven 2-2-2 well tank engines were provided to the London and Blackwall Railway which served for many years.
Closure
Business tailed off again, and the company closed down in 1852. The works were leased by the London and North Western Railway, who then bought it outright in 1860, forming the nucleus of the Earlestown railway works.
John Jones and Son
One partner, John Jones, however carried on as John Jones and Son' with a factory in Liverpool to continue building locomotives, until 1863. The firm continued beyond his death in 1866, making marine boilers and marine steam engines in the St George's Engine Works. In adverts the firm claimed to have been established in 1832, which is when John Jones dissolved his partnership with William Yates at the Newton-le-Willows Viaduct Foundry. By 1900 the firm was building ships at their yard in Tranmere Bay, such as the steam ferries Lily and Rose built for Wallasey corporation in 1900.
In December 1900, noting the decline in shipbuilding in the Mersey area, it was said that Laird Brothers Ltd and John Jones and Sons were the only 2 remaining firms who are in any sense producers of new shipping. During 1900 Messrs John Jones & Sons (of Liverpool and Tranmere) had produced 13 small vessels with an aggregate tonnage of 2802 tons. The ship building facility appears to have been sold to the Tranmere Bay Development Company (formed by Laird Brothers at the end of 1902), but the production of engines at the St George's Engine Works continued.
As examples of their production, in 1872 Messrs John Jones & Sons built the 80 nominal HP engines for two screw steamers, Miguel Saenz and Moratin.
In 1894 they are noted as producing the boilers for the Dublin Steam Packet "Liverpool" - at 80 tons the largest boilers ever made in Liverpool.
Messrs John Jones & Sons of Liverpool built the Eastham Ferry paddle steamers Ruby and Pearl in 1897 and the Sapphire in 1898. These operated until 1929 and were the last paddle steamers on the Mersey.
In Lloyd's List for 1901 the company is referred to as Messrs John Jones & Sons of Tranmere, and production for 1901 was 12 vessels aggregating 4745 tons.
The twin-screw steam tug 'Seti' launched by the Tranmere Bay Development company on April 30, 1904, was then to have its engines and boiler installed by John Jones & Bros at their St George's works.
References
External links
The Viaduct Foundry
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones%2C%20Turner%20and%20Evans |
Chamatkar () is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy fantasy film directed by Rajiv Mehra. The film stars Naseeruddin Shah, Shah Rukh Khan, and Urmila Matondkar in pivotal roles. As of 2016, the rights of this film are owned by Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment.
Plot
Sunder Srivastava is a young graduate. His main ambition in life is to fulfill his father's dream of starting a school on his half-acre property in his village, though he has no funds to execute his plans. Sunder's childhood friend Prem, a seasoned conman in Mumbai, convinces the gullible Sunder to give him his money in return of mortgage. When Sunder arrives in Mumbai, he is first tricked into losing his luggage, then pick-pocketed and loses any remaining cash he has left. He then figure out that Prem tricked him and fled to Dubai with his money. Sunder is then forced to take shelter in a cemetery due to his circumstances. He sits down on a tombstone, and starts cursing all the troubles in his life and venting his anger. A voice suddenly responds to him and a scared Sunder asks the person to identify himself. The source of the voice, who cannot be seen, is surprised that Sunder is able to hear him. He then asks Sunder whether the latter can really hear him.
Sunder realizes that he has been talking with a ghost and panics. The ghost suddenly becomes visible to Sunder and introduces himself as Amar Kumar AKA Marco. Marco tells Sunder that only he can help Sunder, and since Sunder is the only one that can hear/see him, only Sunder can help Marco. Marco then tells Sunder his sad tale: Marco was an underworld gangster who fell in love with Savitri Kaul, daughter of Mr. Kaul. Savitri refused Marco's efforts to marry her unless he changed his ways. To show that he was serious, Marco resolved to give up his life of crime. This did not bode well for his protégé Kunta, who wanted to become as big as Marco himself. On his wedding night, Marco was kidnapped and killed by Kunta, after which he was buried in the cemetery. After revealing his story to Sunder, Marco discloses to him that many crimes taking place in the city under his name are actually done by Kunta and his minions.
Marco tells Sunder that due to his sins, he cannot attain redemption and go to heaven. Marco was foretold by God that only his savior would be able to see and hear him, making Sunder the chosen one to help him. Sunder, frightened, refuses to help, but Marco unexpectedly reminds him about his dream of building a school, which Sunder never revealed to Marco. Marco's reminder persuades Sunder to help Marco, as long as Marco keeps his end of the bargain. Marco tells him that he wants to see Savitri and Mr. Kaul. He reveals to Sunder that he cannot touch or harm anybody until the time is right. Marco manages to get Sunder a position as a cricket coach in Mr. Kaul's school. Marco soon becomes angered and devastated when he finds out that after his murder, Kunta and his goons went to the Kaul household and told Savitri that Marco was alive and well, had fled India forever, and used Savitri to sleep with her. Kunta had told Savitri and her father that Marco wanted them to hand over the ownership documents for his hotel to Kunta (which Savitri was in possession of), but Savitri refused to hand them over unless Marco himself came back to ask for them. Kunta, furious, then tried to rape Savitri, but was stopped when her father broke down in tears, promising to give them the documents. Hearing all of this, Marco became furious and vows revenge. He is grieved to learn that Savitri died soon after that, but quickly becomes overjoyed when he learns that he has a daughter with Savitri named Mala.
Sunder and Marco also find out that the school lacks funding and that Kunta is trying to usurp its land. With the aid and assistance of Marco, Mala and Sunder soon start falling in love. Marco uses his ghost-like abilities to keep Kunta's goons from meddling in Mala and Sunder's affairs. Later, Marco shows a secret room to Sunder where he had kept all his loot. The room was not known to Kunta or anybody else, so Marco proposes that the two of them make an anonymous donation, saving the school, and leaving enough money to help Sunder with his dream. However, due to their oversight, Kunta finds out the location of the room, and Marco's money is quickly stolen and used for evil activities. Marco, in a one-liner, refers to Kunta as "Woh Kunta saala" ("that rogue Kunta"). In a desperate bid to regain the lost money, Marco steals some money and bets to double the money. Sunder is held responsible for the theft, although no proof is present. Marco, hoping to solve this unfortunate event, tells the truth to Sunder about stealing the money, causing them to have an argument.
After being released from prison, Sunder agrees to a cricket match between his team and a team headed by Kunta's nephew. It is decided that if Sunder's team wins the game, they will win the funds to keep the school. Initially, Sunder's team is losing, but Marco then steps into the game (still invisible to everyone), sabotages the opponent team, which not only wins Sunder over again to his side, but also helps lead Sunder's team to a giant victory.
Although everything seems to be going well, Sunder accidentally slips up and reveals to IG Tripathi, the inspector who investigated Marco's life, the truth about Marco's ghost returning. Additionally, Sunder has a conversation with Kunta before the match, and mentions Marco's ghost, causing Kunta to become extremely suspicious. During the match, Kunta abducts Sunder and Mala and attempts to bury them alive in the very place he had buried Marco. Marco manages to lead the police to the cemetery to save Sunder and Mala, where Kunta and his goons fight against Marco, Mala, Sunder, and the police. After succeeding in beating up the goons, Marco starts to strangle Kunta with a rope while Sunder forces Kunta to confess his role in Marco's murder. Marco then pushes Kunta into the empty grave and as he is about to kill him with a large rock, Mala calls out for him to stop, calling him "father" and entreating not to kill and sully his hands with blood because of Kunta. On hearing this, Marco immediately relents and lets Kunta live.
Finally, Sunder succeeds in his mission of redeeming Marco's name. Sunder and Mala get married, with Marco attending the wedding. At the wedding, a ray of light falls upon Marco who then ascends to heaven, although not before asking for "a minute" to entreat the viewer to do the right thing while they are alive, because they may not have the chance to set things right after death.
Cast
Naseeruddin Shah as Amar Kumar AKA Marco
Shah Rukh Khan as Sundar Srivastava
Urmila Matondkar as Mala Kumar
Shammi Kapoor as Mr. Kaul
Deven Verma as Inspector P.K. Sant
Tinnu Anand as Kunta
Ashutosh Gowariker as Monty
Ali Asgar as Rakesh
Malvika Tiwari as Savitri Kaul
Rakesh Bedi as Moti
Johnny Lever as Battery Clerk / Cricket Commentator
Guddi Maruti as She-Girl
Suhas Khandke as Raj Mehta, Hotel Owner
Anjana Mumtaz as Mrs. Kaushalya Mehta
Anjan Srivastav as I.G. Tripathi (inspector in Marco's era)
Shreechand Makhija as Dayal College Principal
Ravi Patwardhan as Village Zamindar
Avinash Kharshikar as Prem
Arun Bakshi as Umpire
Gavin Packard as Gunga
Achyut Potdar as Railway TC
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Anu Malik, with the lyrics being written by Anand Bakshi.
Track listing
Legacy
This film was one of Shah Rukh Khan and Urmila Matondkar's first films individually. Interestingly however, they did not pair in any film again together after this one, if you do not include her cameo in Om Shanti Om (2007). Rajiv Mehra then chose to work with Khan again in Ram Jaane (1995).
See also
List of ghost films
References
External links
1990s Hindi-language films
1992 films
Films scored by Anu Malik
Films set in Mumbai
Films about cricket in India
1992 comedy films
Indian ghost films
Indian remakes of American films
1990s fantasy comedy films
Indian fantasy comedy films
Films about curses
Films about witchcraft
Limbo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamatkar |
The 2000 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier was the fourth time a qualification tournament was held for the Olympic Games. The tournament was held in Milton Keynes, England, from 24 March to 2 April.
The top five placed teams from the tournament qualified for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
Officials
The following umpires were appointed by the International Hockey Federation to officiate the tournament:
Michelle Arnold (AUS)
Jane Buchanan (RSA)
Renée Chatas (USA)
Ute Conen (GER)
Renée Cohen (NED)
Ute Conen (GER)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
Miriam van Gemert (NED)
Angela Larío (ESP)
Lee Mi-ok (KOR)
Jane Nockolds (ENG)
Mary Power (IRE)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
Kazuko Yasueda (JPN)
Jun Zhang (CHN)
Squads
Head coach: Kim Changbak
Nie Yali (GK)
Long Fengyu (C)
Yang Hongbing
Liu Lijie
Cheng Hui
Shen Lihong
Huang Junxia
Yang Huiping
Yu Yali
Tang Chunling
Zhou Wanfeng
Hu Xiaolan
Ding Hongping
Cai Xuemei
Chen Zhaoxia
Chen Qiuqi
Wang Jiuyan
Li Juan (GK)
Head coach: Berti Rauth
Julia Zwehl (GK)
Birgit Beyer (GK)
Denise Klecker
Tanja Dickenscheid
Nadine Ernsting-Krienke
Inga Möller
Natascha Keller
Melanie Cremer
Friederike Barth
Cornelia Reiter
Britta Becker
Marion Rodewald
Heike Lätzsch
Katrin Kauschke (C)
Simone Grässer
Fanny Rinne
Caroline Casaretto
Franziska Gude
Head coach: Jon Royce
Carolyn Reid (GK)
Hilary Rose (GK)
Kirsty Bowden
Jane Smith
Susan Chandler (C)
Melanie Clewlow
Tina Cullen
Kathryn Johnson
Mandy Nicholson
Jane Sixsmith
Purdy Miller
Denise Marston-Smith
Helen Richardson
Fiona Greenham
Janet Jack
Kate Walsh
Sarah Blanks
Lucilla Wright
Head coach: Jon Royce
Head coach: Jon Royce
Head coach: Jon Royce
Head coach: Jon Royce
Head coach: Jon Royce
Head coach: Jon Royce
Head coach: Jon Royce
Results
Preliminary round
Group A
Pool B
Classification round
Ninth and tenth place
Fifth to eighth place classification
Crossover
Seventh and eighth place
Fifth and sixth place
First to fourth place classification
Semi-finals
Third and fourth place
Final
Final standings
Goalscorers
References
Overview on FIH-site
US Field Hockey
Results
Hockey Sport, April 2000, Issue 204
Olympics
Women
2000W
2000 in women's field hockey
2000 in English women's sport
March 2000 sports events in the United Kingdom
April 2000 sports events in the United Kingdom
Sport in Milton Keynes
Qual
2000s in Buckinghamshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Women%27s%20Field%20Hockey%20Olympic%20Qualifier |
Joseph Brahim Seid (1927 in N'Djamena – 1980) was a Chadian writer and politician. He served as Minister of Justice from 1966 to 1975. As a writer he is known for the works Au Tchad sous les étoiles ("In Chad under the stars", 1962) and Un enfant du Tchad ("A Child of Chad", 1967), based on his own life.
See also
List of Chadians
List of African writers
References
Chad - Arts and Literature
L'Action nationale
1927 births
1980 deaths
Chadian writers
Government ministers of Chad
People from N'Djamena | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Brahim%20Seid |
Libaas () is a 1988 Hindi drama film, written and directed by Gulzar. The film based on the short story Seema, published in collected stories in Raavi Paar. It is about married couples of urban India having extramarital relations and adultery. The film won critical acclaim in international film festivals, but has not been released in India to date. There had been only two public screening of Libaas in India, at the 23rd and 45th International Film Festival of India, in 1992 and 2014 respectively.
Azmi notably won the Best Actress Award at the 1992 Pyongyang International Film Festival.
Synopsis
The story is based on Seema, a short story penned by Gulzar. Seema was married to a theatre artiste named Sudhir. Sudhir was a humorless workaholic, and Seema felt ignored and dissatisfied. She fell in love with Sudhir's vivacious friend T.K., and left her husband to marry him. However, she had lingering feelings for Sudhir. One day, Seema learns that Sudhir is unwell and impulsively visits her old home. The story ends when Seema hears a lady's laughter with Sudhir and quietly leaves.
Cast
Shabana Azmi as Seema Bhardwaj
Naseeruddin Shah as Sudhir Bhardwaj
Raj Babbar as T. K., Sudhir's friend
Sushma Seth
Utpal Dutt
Annu Kapoor
Soundtrack
The music was by R. D. Burman, with lyrics by Gulzar.
References
External links
Films scored by R. D. Burman
1980s Hindi-language films
1988 films
Films about adultery in India
Film censorship in India
Unreleased Hindi-language films
Films directed by Gulzar
Censored films
India–North Korea relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libaas |
The following lists events that happened during 1899 in Australia.
Incumbents
Governors of the Australian colonies
Governor of New South Wales – Henry Brand, 2nd Viscount Hampden (until 5 March), then William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp (from 18 May)
Governor of Queensland – Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington
Governor of South Australia – Sir Thomas Buxton, 3rd Baronet (until 29 March), then Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson (from 10 April)
Governor of Tasmania – Jenico Preston, 14th Viscount Gormanston
Governor of Victoria – Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey
Governor of Western Australia – Sir Gerard Smith
Premiers of the Australian colonies
Premier of New South Wales – George Reid (until 13 September) then William Lyne
Premier of Queensland – James Dickson (until 1 December), Anderson Dawson (until 7 December) then Robert Philp
Premier of South Australia – Charles Kingston (until 1 December), Vaiben Louis Solomon (until 8 December) then Frederick Holder
Premier of Tasmania – Edward Braddon (until 12 October) then Elliott Lewis
Premier of Victoria – George Turner (until 5 December) then Allan McLean
Premier of Western Australia – John Forrest
Events
1 January – The Police Regulation Act 1898 is enacted in Tasmania, unifying several small regional police forces to form the Tasmanian Police Force.
22 January – Leaders of the six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss confederation.
4 March – Cyclone Mahina strikes Bathurst Bay in Queensland. Approximately 400 persons are killed, and the pearling fleet is sunk. A storm surge of up to 14 metres sweeps 5 kilometres inland.
24 April – The 1,280-ton barque Loch Sloy hits rocks off Kangaroo Island and sinks, killing 31 persons.
8 December – An electric tram service commences in Sydney, along George Street from the railway to Circular Quay.
Colonial soldiers leave to fight in the Second Boer War.
Arts and literature
8 October – The word "wowser" is first used by John Norton, editor of the Melbourne Truth newspaper.
George Washington Lambert wins the Wynne Prize for landscape painting or figure sculpture for his landscape Across the Blacksoil Plains
Dot and the Kangaroo, a children's book by Ethel Pedley, is published.
On Our Selection by Steele Rudd is published.
Sport
Merriwee wins the Melbourne Cup
Victoria wins the Sheffield Shield
Births
7 January – John Collins, Chief of Naval Staff and High Commissioner to New Zealand (died 1989)
17 January – Nevil Shute, writer (died 1960)
21 January – Ernestine Hill, travel writer (died 1972)
22 February – Ian Clunies Ross, scientist (died 1959)
7 March – Eddie Ward, politician (died 1963)
3 September – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, biologist and Nobel Prize winner (died 1985)
24 September – William Dobell, artist, sculptor and painter (died 1970)
21 October – Herb Steinohrt, rugby league footballer (died 1985)
14 December – Frank McMillan, rugby league footballer and coach (died 1966)
Date unknown
Olga Agnew, child actress (died 1987)
Deaths
21 February - George Bowen (born 1821), Governor of Queensland
13 April - James Service (born 1823), former Premier of Victoria
25 September - Elizabeth Tripp (born 1809), educator
References
Australia
Years of the 19th century in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%20in%20Australia |
Out the road is a colloquial term for a region of the City and Borough of Juneau, capital of the U.S. state of Alaska, extending from Auke Bay north to a point roughly 45 miles (72 km) from downtown Juneau to where "The Road" dead ends at Echo Cove, a natural harbor with a boat ramp, parking lot, and several camping areas. Juneau is accessible only by boat or plane. Out the road is by far the largest percentage of land area of Juneau, but very sparsely populated; in spring 1998, the Juneau Economic Development Council put its population at 1,348.
Residents of this region get much less rain than the rest of Juneau, with more sunny days. However, it still rains more than half the year. Houses in the area are usually expensive, many selling in the $500,000 to $1,000,000 range. For most of its length there are no city utility services such as water and sewer lines or connections to the Alaska Electric Light & Power grid, requiring generators, septic tanks, and alternative water sources.
"The Road" is referred to as such simply because it is the only road extending north of Auke Bay. There are two official names recorded: Old Glacier Highway is the name of the root road, and at one point was the name for the entire length. The state government then dubbed the section from Auke Bay to Echo Cove the Veterans Memorial Highway. This name is used by the State, while the City and Borough has retained the name Old Glacier Highway, and continues to publish materials using that name.
In 2005, construction started on a seven-mile extension to the road, the first phase of a proposal to increase access to Kensington mine, which lies approximately 13 miles north of the 'End of the Road'. It was slated to become operational in late 2007. The extension opened in 2013.
Plans in the past have called for the Lynn Canal Highway to continue north from the end of the road to Cascade Point.
References
Geography of Juneau, Alaska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20the%20road |
Stark and Fulton was an engineering company in Glasgow, Scotland. Little is known about the company except that it built some of the first steam locomotives for the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway and the Midland Counties Railway around 1840. For about four months, D B Stark was a loco superintendent of the former line.
Locomotives
Those for the GPK&AR were Stuart and Bute. They were probably similar to those for the MCR and of the 2-2-0 "Bury" type. The MCR locos were Hawk, Vulture and Eagle, with 5'6" driving wheels 5'6" and cylinders 12"x18". These were supplied in 1839 and four more were supplied to the GPK&R in 1840: Mercury (No 1), Mazeppa (No 2), Wallace and Queen. In 1849, they supplied one of 2-2-2 formation for use on the Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway, which later became part of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway.
References
Lowe, J.W., (1989) British Steam Locomotive Builders, Guild Publishing
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Engineering companies of Scotland
Manufacturing companies based in Glasgow
1830s establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark%20and%20Fulton |
Family dog may refer to:
A dog suited for a family; also known as a Companion dog
The Family Dogg, a British vocal group
Family Dog (TV series) a short-lived American TV series
Family Dog Productions, also known as The Family Dog, a music promotion group run by Chet Helms in San Francisco
The Family Dog, a concert hall in the Richmond District, San Francisco run by Family Dog Productions, in operation during the late 1960s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family%20dog |
Chewton Keynsham () is a hamlet on the River Chew in the Chew Valley, Somerset, England. It is 7 miles from Bristol, 7 miles from Bath, and south of the centre of the town of Keynsham.
The hamlet lies on the Monarch's Way long distance footpath.
Government and politics
Chewton Keynsham is part of the Farmborough Ward which is represented by one councillor on the Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority which has wider responsibilities for services such as education, refuse, tourism etc. The village is a part of the North East Somerset constituency. Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census, the E00072685 output area (which extended from Queens Charlton to Burnett, both with higher populations), had 286 residents of which 40 were children, living in 117 households. Of these 242 described their health as 'good' or 'very good', 32 adults had no qualifications; 1 person was unemployed, whereas 77 were economically inactive, which includes carers, 18 students and 44 retirees.
Geography
The settlement is linear with outlying farms on the valley slopes and has an 18th-century bridge crossing the River Chew, which follows the course of the village street north-south. Farmland occupies most of the mixed clay and calciferous hillsides and semi-plateaus above, interspersed by small areas of ancient woodland and many hedgerows.
Chewton Place
The large house known as Chewton Place is a Grade II listed building. It was built about 1762 for the Popham family and further extended c. 1786. It was extensively remodelled in 1860–70 and restored in 1968 after flood damage. The house was fully renovated between 2013 and 2017. The building contains a number of historic features including a fine plaster ceiling from the late 19th century and a Gothic staircase.
A folly tower, known locally as the Owl Tower, was built in the grounds in the late 18th century — a tall tapering square obelisk of coursed limestone, finished with a pyramidal cap. It has pointed-arched openings, east and west, giving a walk-through passage at the base, and diagonal buttresses. The carved owl on a keystone probably gives the folly, which is Grade II listed, its name. The gardens were laid out in the 18th century and include a ha-ha and riverside walks. The bridge next to the entrance lodge is also listed. The Lodge itself is an 18th-century building but remodelled in the Gothic style at the same time as the main house was altered in the 1860s.
See also
Chewton Mendip, upriver, also in Somerset
Chewton, Victoria, Australia
References
External links
Chew Valley website, archived in 2006
River Chew website, Jason Allen
Hamlets in Bath and North East Somerset | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewton%20Keynsham |
Manhattan Records is an American record label, owned by Universal Music Group and operates as a branch of Capitol Music Group.
Company history
Manhattan Records was formed in 1984 by Bruce Lundvall and was later renamed EMI Manhattan Records after absorbing the EMI America Records imprint. EMI Manhattan was used to reissue back catalogue titles from Capitol Records and other EMI-owned labels such as United Artists Records and Liberty Records. It also distributed new albums from Gamble and Huff's Philadelphia International Records during the later half of the 1980s, after a 15-year stint with CBS Records. The deal gave EMI distribution rights to PIR's back catalog from 1976 onward (CBS, later Sony Music, would retain the rights to PIR's catalog up to 1975 and later acquire the rest in 2007).
Artists signed to EMI Manhattan included Kenny Rogers, Richard Marx, Natalie Cole, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Queensrÿche, and Thomas Dolby. In 1989, EMI Manhattan was dissolved and absorbed into Capitol Records to become EMI Records USA, with the catalog bearing the EMI label.
In 1985, Manhattan Records and Island Records entered into a joint venture to release the U.S. version of Grace Jones' album Slave to the Rhythm. The album used the Manhattan prefix number. In the UK the album was released by ZTT via Island Records with neither Manhattan nor Capitol nor EMI being part of the release.
From 1988 to 1992, albums by D'Atra Hicks, Phil Perry, Gary Brown, and Rachelle Ferrell were released under the Capitol Manhattan label. All releases in the U.S. used both the Capitol and Manhattan logos respectively. The vinyl versions (Brown and Ferrell were not released on LP) were still using the original Manhattan Records colored bricks graphics on the record even though the Capitol logo was added.
In 2001, the Manhattan label was relaunched (without the EMI prefix) as a division of EMI Classics by veteran record producer Arif Mardin. Richard Marx, one of its flagship artists during the label's heyday, returned to the label upon its revival. In 2006, EMI reorganized its adult music operations and put the Manhattan label under the aegis of the Blue Note Label Group. As of 2013, following the reorganization of labels as a result of Universal Music Group's acquisition of EMI, Manhattan currently operates under the umbrella of the Capitol Music Group.
References
1984 establishments in the United States
American record labels
Record labels established in 1984
Pop record labels
Jazz record labels
EMI
Universal Music Group
Labels distributed by Universal Music Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan%20Records |
"Jacob's Ladder" is a song by the Canadian rock band Rush. It was released on their 1980 album Permanent Waves.
Composition and recording
The song was developed on the band's warm-up tour during soundchecks.
"Jacob's Ladder" uses several time and key signatures, and possesses a dark, ominous feel in its first half. The lyrics are based on a simple concept; a vision of sunlight breaking through storm clouds. The song's title is a reference to the natural phenomenon of the sun breaking through the clouds in visible rays, which in turn was named after the Biblical ladder to heaven on which Jacob saw angels ascending and descending in a vision.
Drummer and lyricist Neil Peart said of the song: Whereas most of the ideas we were dealing with this time were on the lesser side, and in some cases, like in "Jacobs Ladder", looked at as a cinematic idea. We created all the music first to summon up an image – the effect of Jacob's Ladder – and paint the picture, with the lyrics added, just as a sort of little detail, later, to make it more descriptive.
Robert Telleria said in the Rush book Merely Players: Part heavy metal, part New Age, this song is not about the vision seen by Jacob in the Bible but rather the atmospheric phenomena that has been named after that image. The tympani pounding parts rock like apocalyptic earthquakes. Alex plays like he’s ascending the ladder in the clouds.
Live performances
In early 2015, during Rush's R40 Live Tour, frontman Geddy Lee incorrectly stated that the song had never been played live before, but he was corrected by fans on the internet.
The live albums Exit...Stage Left (1981) and R40 Live (2015) include performances of this song.
Reception
Odyssey rated "Jacob's Ladder" 5/5, writing "It's [sic] repetitiveness and unique sound make it great". They ranked the song number 41 on their ranking of every Rush song.
Ultimate Classic Rock ranked the song 17th best on their list of "All 167 Rush Songs Ranked Worst to Best".
References
Rush (band) songs
1980 songs
Songs written by Geddy Lee
Songs written by Alex Lifeson
Songs written by Neil Peart
Song recordings produced by Terry Brown (record producer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%27s%20Ladder%20%28Rush%20song%29 |
Volkswriter is a word processor for the IBM PC written by Camilo Wilson and distributed by Lifetree Software, Inc.
Description
Camilo Wilson was an author and computer consultant who in 1981 planned to use the new IBM PC to write a book about the computer. One of the first to receive it in California, he purchased IBM's EasyWriter word processor—a launch title for the PC—and later said that its "horrors ... were such that I decided to write my own ... to get the book done". After writing the new application in Pascal in less than four months Wilson borrowed $15,000 to market it, and formed Lifetree Software with his girlfriend. Volkswriter debuted at the spring 1982 West Coast Computer Faire and, as Plainwriter, in a small listing in the first issue of PC Magazine. By the next issue Lifetree described the renamed Volkswriter in a full-page advertisement as "a high performance word processor" with which "you cannot erase data unintentionally".
EasyWriter was so poor in quality that Volkswriter was for a while, as Andrew Fluegelman wrote in late 1982, "the only fully functioning word processor available for the PC". To compete with WordStar, which appeared on the PC six weeks after Volkswriter, Wilson emphasized its ease of use. By early 1984 Lifetree had 40,000 customers, $2 million in sales—about half to companies—27 employees, and released an enhanced $295 Volkswriter Deluxe, also ported to the Atari ST running OS-9 and, as GEM Write, to GEM. The company published versions of the software until May 1989 when due to profitability problems, the Volkswriter product line was sold to employees. The new company formed with the name Volkswriter Inc.
Reception
Fluegelman of PC Magazine wrote that "Like the inspiration for its name, VW doesn't go in for a lot of frills but performs essential functions very well". Although criticizing the lack of headers or footers, he stated "If I needed to have a novice using a word processor within an hour, Volkswriter would be my choice". In a May 1983 review of several IBM PC word processors, BYTE described Volkswriter as "simple in design ... quite straightforward to use for minor writing projects ... just enough features to get most jobs done". It noted Volkswriter's ability to run on a 64K computer and that it had the lowest price, $195, but advised those who primarily used their computers for word processing to consider other options.
'Volkswriter 3' Is Word-processing Program Not Likely To Be Outgrown, February 2, 1986 Author:Henry Kisor] (AP article, this copy from the Orlando Sentinel)
Volkswriter 3 review by Paul Schindler of Computer Chronicles, 16 February 1986
Volkswriter 4. (word processing software) (evaluation) by Joyce Sides COMPUTE! Issue 134, OCTOBER 1991, PAGE 129
Volkswriter Scientific: Simple, But Not Quite Complete NEW PRODUCTS by David Chan The Scientist 1987-10-19, 1(23):20.
References
Word processors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswriter |
Jerwood Space is an arts venue at Bankside on Union Street, Southwark, London. The facilities include rehearsal studios, gallery/exhibition space, meeting rooms, a café, etc. Exhibits include contemporary art and photography throughout the building.
The formal foundation stone for the building was laid by Chris Smith, now Lord Smith of Finsbury, when he was Secretary of State for Culture. Pete Wilkinson has been Director since 2014.
Jerwood Arts, an independent funder dedicated to supporting UK artists, curators and producers curates and delivers a year-round programme of exhibitions and events at Jerwood Space and on tour nationally. Exhibitions at Jerwood Space are accompanied by regular events featuring writers, artists and academics, they additionally host three Writers in Residence each year. Significant Jerwood Arts exhibitions and awards include: Jerwood Makers Open, Awards and Jerwood Solo Presentations.
See also
Jerwood Foundation
References
External links
Contemporary art galleries in London
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark
Year of establishment missing
Tourist attractions in the London Borough of Southwark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerwood%20Space |
Vigoda is a surname.
People
Notable people with the surname include:
Abe Vigoda (1921–2016), American actor
Samuel Vigoda, Polish cantor from Dobrzyń nad Wisłą
Val Vigoda, American electric violinist and singer-songwriter
Characters
Eddie Vigoda, a fictional character from the 2009 film Nine Dead
Sam Vigoda, a fictional character from the 1996 film Night Falls on Manhattan
Surnames of Polish origin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigoda |
Condensing boilers are water heaters typically used for heating systems that are fueled by gas or oil. When operated in the correct circumstances, a heating system can achieve high efficiency (greater than 90% on the higher heating value) by condensing water vapour found in the exhaust gases in a heat exchanger to preheat the circulating water. This recovers the latent heat of vaporisation, which would otherwise have been wasted. The condensate is sent to a drain. In many countries, the use of condensing boilers is compulsory or encouraged with financial incentives.
For the condensation process to work properly, the return temperature of the circulating water must be around or below, so condensing boilers are often run at lower temperatures, around or below, which can require larger pipes and radiators than non condensing boilers. Nevertheless, even partial condensing is more efficient than a traditional non-condensing boiler.
Operational principle
In a conventional boiler, fuel is burned and the hot gases produced pass through a heat exchanger where much of their heat is transferred to water, thus raising the water's temperature.
One of the hot gases produced in the combustion process is water vapour (steam), which arises from burning the hydrogen content of the fuel. A condensing boiler extracts additional heat from the waste gases by condensing this water vapour to liquid water, thus recovering its latent heat of vaporization. A typical increase of efficiency can be as much as 10-12%. While the effectiveness of the condensing process varies depending on the temperature of the water returning to the boiler, it is always at least as efficient as a non-condensing boiler.
The condensate produced is slightly acidic (3-5 pH), so suitable materials must be used in areas where liquid is present. Aluminium alloys and stainless steel are most commonly used at high temperatures. In low temperature areas, plastics are most cost effective (e.g., uPVC and polypropylene). The production of condensate also requires the installation of a heat exchanger condensate drainage system. In a typical installation, this is the only difference between a condensing and non-condensing boiler.
To economically manufacture a condensing boiler's heat exchanger (and for the appliance to be manageable at installation), the smallest practical size for its output is preferred. This approach has resulted in heat exchangers with high combustion side resistance, often requiring the use of a combustion fan to move the products through narrow passageways. This has also had the benefit of providing the energy for the flue system as the expelled combustion gases are usually below 100 °C (212 °F) and as such, have a density close to air, with little buoyancy. The combustion fan helps to pump exhaust gas to the outside.
Usage
Condensing boilers are now largely replacing earlier, conventional designs in powering domestic central heating systems in Europe and, to a lesser degree, in North America. The Netherlands was the first country to adopt them broadly.
Efficiency
Condensing boiler manufacturers claim that up to 98% thermal efficiency can be achieved, compared to 70%-80% with conventional designs (based on the higher heating value of fuels). Typical models offer efficiencies around 90%, which brings most brands of condensing gas boiler in to the highest available categories for energy efficiency. In the UK, this is a SEDBUK (Seasonal Efficiency of Domestic Boilers in the UK) Band A efficiency rating, while in North America they typically receive an Eco Logo and/or Energy Star Certification.
Boiler performance is based on the efficiency of heat transfer and highly dependent on boiler size/output and emitter size/output. System design and installation are critical. Matching the radiation to the Btu/Hr output of the boiler and consideration of the emitter/radiator design temperatures determines the overall efficiency of the space and domestic water heating system.
One reason for an efficiency drop is because the design and/or implementation of the heating system gives return water (heat transfer fluid) temperatures at the boiler of over 55 °C (131 °F), which prevents significant condensation in the heat exchanger. Better education of both installers and owners could be expected to raise efficiency towards the reported laboratory values. Natural Resources Canada also suggests ways to make better use of these boilers, such as combining space and water heating systems. Some boilers (e.g. Potterton) can be switched between two flow temperatures such as 63 °C (145 °F) and 84 °C (183 °F), only the former being "fully condensing." However, boilers are normally installed with higher flow temperature by default because a domestic hot water cylinder is generally heated to 60 °C (140 °F), and this takes too long to achieve with a flow temperature only three degrees higher. Nevertheless, even partial condensing is more efficient than a traditional boiler.
Most non-condensing boilers could be forced to condense through simple control changes. Doing so would reduce fuel consumption considerably, but would quickly destroy any mild steel or cast-iron components of a conventional high-temperature boiler due to the corrosive nature of the condensate. For this reason, most condensing boiler heat-exchangers are made from stainless steel or aluminum/silicon alloy. External stainless steel economizers can be retrofitted to non-condensing boilers to allow them to achieve condensing efficiencies. Temperature control valves are used to blend hot supply water into the return to avoid thermal shock or condensation inside of the boiler.
The lower the return temperature to the boiler the more likely it will be in condensing mode. If the return temperature is kept below approximately 55 °C (131 °F), the boiler should still be in condensing mode making low temperature applications such as radiant floors and even old cast iron radiators a good match for the technology.
Most manufacturers of new domestic condensing boilers produce a basic "fit all" control system that results in the boiler running in condensing mode only on initial heat-up, after which the efficiency drops off. This approach should still exceed that of older models (see the following three documents published by the Building Research Establishment: Information Papers 10-88 and 19-94; General Information Leaflet 74; Digest 339. See also Application Manual AM3 1989: Condensing Boilers by Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers). By way of contrast Weather compensation systems are designed to adjust the system based on inside, outside, boiler inlet, and boiler outlet temperatures.
Heat pumps are three times more efficient than condensing boilers.
Control
The control of the domestic condensing boiler is crucial to ensuring that it operates in the most economic and fuel efficient way. The burners are usually controlled by an embedded system with built-in logic to control the output of the burner to match the load and give best performance.
Almost all have modulating burners. These allow the power to be reduced to match the demand. Boilers have a turndown ratio which is the ratio of the maximum power output to the minimum power output for which combustion can be maintained. If the control system determines that the demand falls below the minimum power output, then the boiler will cycle off until the water temperature has fallen, and then will reignite and heat the water.
Reliability
Condensing boilers are claimed to have a reputation for being less reliable and may also suffer if worked on by installers and plumbers who may not understand their operation. Claims of unreliability have been contradicted by research carried out by the UK-based Building Research Establishment (see Building Research Establishment).
In particular, the problem of 'pluming' arose with early installations of condensing boilers, in which a white plume of condensed vapour (as minuscule droplets) becomes visible at the outlet flue. Although unimportant to boiler operation, visible pluming was an aesthetic issue that caused much opposition to condensing boilers.
A more significant issue is the slight (pH 3-4) acidity of the condensate liquid. Where this is in direct contact with the boiler's heat exchanger, particularly for thin aluminium sheet, it may give rise to more rapid corrosion than for traditional non-condensing boilers. Older boilers may also have used thick cast heat exchangers, rather than sheet, which had slower time constants for their response but were also resistant, by their sheer mass, to any corrosion. The acidity of the condensate means that only some materials may be used: stainless steel and aluminium are suitable, mild steel, copper or cast iron are not. Poor design or construction standards may have made the heat exchangers of some early condensing boilers less long-lived.
Initial testing and annual monitoring of the heat transfer fluid in condensing boilers with aluminium or stainless steel heat exchangers is highly recommended. Maintenance of a slightly alkaline (pH 8 to 9) liquid with anti-corrosion and buffering agents reduces corrosion of the aluminium heat exchanger. Some professionals believe that the condensate produced on the combustion side of the heat exchanger may corrode an aluminium heat exchanger and shorten boiler life. Statistical evidence is not yet available since condensing boilers with aluminium heat exchangers have not been in use long enough.
Building Research Establishment
The Building Research Establishment, which is the UK's major research body for the building industry, produced a leaflet on domestic condensing boilers. According to the Building Research Establishment:
modern condensing boilers are as reliable as standard boilers
condensing boilers are no more difficult to service, nor do they require more frequent servicing
servicing is not expensive; the only (minor) additional task is to check the correct function of the condensate drain
condensing boilers are not difficult to install
under all operating conditions, condensing boilers are always more efficient than standard boilers
Exhaust
The condensate expelled from a condensing boiler is acidic, with a pH between 3 and 4. Condensing boilers require a drainpipe for the condensate produced during operation. This consists of a short length of polymer pipe with a vapour trap to prevent exhaust gases from being expelled into the building. The acidic nature of the condensate may be corrosive to cast iron plumbing, waste pipes and concrete floors but poses no health risk to occupants. A neutralizer, typically consisting of a plastic container filled with marble or limestone aggregate or "chips" (alkaline) can be installed to raise the pH to acceptable levels. If a gravity drain is not available, then a small condensate pump must also be installed to lift it to a proper drain.
The primary and secondary heat exchangers are constructed of materials that will withstand this acidity, typically aluminum or stainless steel. Since the final exhaust from a condensing boiler has a lower temperature than the exhaust from an atmospheric boiler 38 °C (100 °F) vs. 204 °C (400 °F) a mechanical fan is always required to expel it, with the additional benefit of allowing the use of low-temperature exhaust piping (typically PVC in domestic applications) without insulation or conventional chimney requirements. Indeed, the use of conventional masonry chimney, or metal flue is specifically prohibited due to the corrosive nature of the flue products, with the notable exception of specially rated stainless steel and aluminum in certain models. The preferred/common vent material for most condensing boilers available in North America is PVC, followed by ABS and CPVC. Polymer venting allows for the added benefit of flexibility of installation location including sidewall venting saving unnecessary penetrations of the roof.
Cost
Condensing boilers are up to 50% more expensive to buy and install than conventional types in the UK and the US. However, , at UK prices the extra cost of installing a condensing instead of conventional boiler should be recovered in around 2–5 years through lower fuel use (for verification, see the following three documents published by the Building Research Establishment: Information Papers 10-88 and 19-94; General Information Leaflet 74; Digest 339; see also Case studies in Application Manual AM3 1989: Condensing Boilers by Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers), and 2–5 years at US prices. Exact figures will depend on the efficiency of the original boiler installation, boiler utilisation patterns, the costs associated with the new boiler installation, and how frequently the system is used.
The cost of these boilers is dropping as the mass takeup enforced by government takes effect and the manufacturers withdraw older, less efficient models, but production cost is higher than older types as condensing boilers are more complex.
The increased complexity of condensing boilers is as follows:
increased size of heat exchanger, or the addition of a second heat exchanger (it is important that the heat exchangers are designed to be resistant to acid attack from the "wet" flue gases)
The necessity of a fan-assisted flue (as cooler flue gases have less buoyancy). Many non-condensing boilers also have this feature, however
as the cooler flue gases produce condensate, this needs to be drained, and so the boilers are plumbed into a waste or drain
With respect to modern boilers, there are no other differences between condensing and non-condensing boilers.
Reliability, as well as initial cost and efficiency, affects total cost of ownership. One major independent UK firm of plumbers stated in 2005 that it had made thousands of call-outs to mend condensing boilers, and that the greenhouse gas emissions from its vans were probably greater than the savings made by the shift to eco-conscious boilers. However, the same article points out that the Heating and Hotwater Information Council, together with some installers, have found that modern condensing boilers are just as reliable as standard boilers.
Phase out
Gallery
See also
Energy efficiency in British housing
Flue-gas condensation
OpenTherm
References
External links
European Patent Office Patent for drain free elimination of condensate.
Condensing boilers page on the website of the UK National Energy Foundation
Comparisons of different boiler systems available in North America on the Natural Resources Canada website
Exploded diagram of condensing boiler (Malvern Boilers 30) (pdf file - 71KB)
On the design of residential condensing gas boilers
Boilers
Residential heating appliances | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensing%20boiler |
Keokea () is an unincorporated community, census-designated place (CDP), and Hawaiian home land on the island of Maui in Maui County, Hawaii, United States. It is situated on Hawaii State Highway 37 (the Kula Highway) at North Latitude 20.71 degrees, West Longitude 156.36 degrees. Its elevation is above sea level. As of the 2020 census its population was 2,199, up from 1,612 in 2010.
Agriculture, forestry and ranching — supported by the area's fertile though often rocky volcanic loams — are important around this settlement, which has a temperate climate because of its elevation. Tourism also contributes to the local economy. The area around Keokea is characterized by a steep precipitation gradient: lowlands just to the northwest have mean annual precipitation of less than , while higher elevations to the northeast see . Keokea has a mean annual precipitation of about .
Geography
Keokea is bordered to the north by the community of Kula, while to the southeast is the Kula Forest Preserve, ascending to Pu'ukeōkea. Via Highway 37, Kahului is to the northwest.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Keokea CDP has an area of , all land.
References
External links
Keokea, Maui County, Hawaii, USA at Place Names.com
Web Soil Survey
Populated places on Maui
Unincorporated communities in Maui County, Hawaii
Unincorporated communities in Hawaii
Census-designated places in Maui County, Hawaii
Census-designated places in Hawaii | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keokea%2C%20Maui%20County%2C%20Hawaii |
Bury, Curtis and Kennedy was a steam locomotive manufacturer in Liverpool, England.
Edward Bury established the works in 1826, under the name Edward Bury and Company. He employed James Kennedy as foreman; Kennedy later became a partner. About 1828, the firm moved to bigger premises in Love Lane, Liverpool, known as the Clarence Foundry.
Locomotives
Their first engine was built in 1830. Called Dreadnought, it ran on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. It was objected to because it was on six wheels and was sold to the Bolton & Leigh Railway. The second, the four-coupled Liverpool, later in 1830, used a cranked driving axle, and was also objected to (by George Stephenson) because the 6 ft diameter wheels were too big.
The Bury type
However, they refined their designs and the resulting and locomotives quickly became a standard which was emulated by many other manufacturers, becoming known as the "Bury type". Distinguishing features of these engines were inside horizontal (or near-horizontal) cylinders, inside wrought-iron bar frame, which gave them a light appearance, and the round firebox (D-shaped in plan), with a large domed top surmounted by a safety valve.
Railways supplied
Thirteen were supplied to the Great Northern Railway (six of them being sub-contracted to William Fairbairn & Sons), and they became the standard classes on the London and Birmingham Railway, the Eastern Counties Railway, the Midland Counties Railway, the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal Navigation and Railway Company, the Lancaster and Preston Railway and the North Union Railway. Several were exported to the US, more than from any other British company except R. Stephenson & Co., and where Bury's "bar-frames" became standard. The firm had a reputation for good workmanship, cheapness and reliability.
Train operating contract
In 1836 Edward Bury contracted to run the trains of the London and Birmingham Railway at a farthing per mile per passenger at a speed not to exceed , the L&BR providing locomotives to Bury's specification. This contract was annulled in July 1839 because of the unexpected growth in traffic and the increased speed required, and Bury acted thereafter as Locomotive Superintendent of the L&BR in the normal way. The engines he had specified were built by seven different firms, Bury's firm providing 45 of the original stock of 90.
Formation of partnership
In 1842, Bury took Kennedy, Timothy Abraham Curtis and John Vernon as partners, and the company changed its name to Bury, Curtis and Kennedy.
Bury continued as Locomotive Superintendent of the London & Birmingham Railway but a few months after it had become part of the London & North Western Railway he resigned in March 1847. In February 1848 he was appointed Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Northern Railway, and in June 1849 became also its general manager.
Meanwhile, the firm of Bury, Curtis & Kennedy continued building locomotives, some of advanced design which had a great influence on subsequent practice, such as the s for the L&NWR which led directly to the Bloomers, as well as one-offs such as the gigantic Crampton Liverpool for the L&NWR, the most powerful locomotive in the world in 1848. Six locomotives were built in 1848 for the LNWR (Southern Division) with 16 in. x 20 in. cylinders, 5 ft. driving wheels, and 3 ft. trailing wheels.
Production
In all Bury, Curtis and Kennedy's Clarence Foundry built about 415 locomotives, but they produced much else besides, from church bells to iron ships. At its height, the firm employed 1,600 men.
Closure
The firm lost heavily in making components for the large bascule Blagoveshchensky Bridge over the River Neva at St Petersburg — for which the Imperial Russian Government never paid, according to Bury's widow. This, plus a serious decline in the shipbuilding trade in Liverpool led to the firm's closing down in 1851.
Preservation
Two of the firm's locomotives have been preserved, Furness Railway 0-4-0 No. 3 (nicknamed "Old Coppernob" or "Coppernob"), built in 1846, now in the National Railway Museum, York and Great Southern and Western Railway No. 36, built in 1847, now at Cork Kent railway station, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
See also
B. Hick and Sons
Rothwell and Company
Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company
Locomotives of the London and North Western Railway
Midland Counties Railway Locomotives
External links
Cork Kent Museum Edward Bury, 1794 – 1858
Cork Kent Museum Great Southern & Western Railway Express Passenger Locomotive No. 36
References
Jack, Harry (2001). Locomotives of the LNWR Southern Division - London & Birmingham Railway, L&NWR and Wolverton Works. Sawtry: RCTS. .
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies based in Liverpool
Defunct companies based in Liverpool | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bury%2C%20Curtis%20and%20Kennedy |
Anne Elizabeth Henning (born September 6, 1955) is an American retired speed skater. She grew up in Northbrook, Illinois, and started in short track speed skating, but then, like many short track speed skaters before and after her, switched to long track speed skating. In 1971, 15-year-old Henning won silver at the ISU Sprint Championships, the forerunner of the World Sprint Championships. During those championships, she set new world records in both her 500 m races.
In 1972, Henning broke the world records on the 500 m and the 1,000 m, which made her the favorite on those distances at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. During her 500 m race against Sylvia Burka at those Olympics, Henning was obstructed at the crossing by Burka, but she still set the fastest time and a new Olympic record (43.70). In her re-skate, which she was allowed to take according to the rules, she improved her time to 43.33. Aged 16, this made Henning the youngest Olympic Champion in the history of Olympic speed skating. On the 1,000 m, Henning took the bronze medal behind surprise winner Monika Pflug and only 0.01 seconds behind silver medallist Atje Keulen-Deelstra. After that season, a still only 16 year old Henning retired from speed skating. She said, “People know about speed skating, that was not part of the game when I won my medals. I wanted to go to college and see what else I could do."
Anne Henning is a retired fourth grade teacher in Aurora, Colorado. She has 3 grown children and 5 grandchildren. She is married to Erik Palmer and resides in Aurora, Colorado.
World records
Over the course of her career, Henning skated four world records:
Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the last column (WR) lists the official world records on the dates that Henning skated her personal records.
References
External links
AARP article
1955 births
Living people
Speed skaters at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in speed skating
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in speed skating
Sportspeople from Raleigh, North Carolina
World record setters in speed skating
American female speed skaters
Glenbrook North High School alumni
Medalists at the 1972 Winter Olympics
World Sprint Speed Skating Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Henning |
Inside Mr Enderby is the first volume of the Enderby series, a quartet of comic novels by the British author Anthony Burgess.
The book was first published in 1963 in London by William Heinemann under the pseudonym Joseph Kell. The series began with the publication in 1963 of Inside Mr. Enderby, continued in 1968 with Enderby Outside and 1974 with The Clockwork Testament, or Enderby's End, and concluded after a ten-year break in 1984 with Enderby's Dark Lady, or No End to Enderby. Some of the poems included in the novel were later published in the Revolutionary Sonnets and Other Poems collection.
Plot summary
The story opens on a note of pure fantasy, showing school children from the future taking a field trip through time to see the dyspeptic poet Francis Xavier Enderby while he is asleep. Enderby, a lapsed Catholic in his mid-40s, lives alone in Brighton as a 'professional' poet - his income being interest from investments left to him by his stepmother.
Enderby composes his poetry whilst seated on the toilet. His bathtub, which serves as a filing cabinet, is almost full of the mingled paper and food scraps that represent his efforts. Although he is recognised as a minor poet with several published works (and is even awarded a small prize, the 'Goodby Gold Medal', which he refuses), he has yet to be anthologised.
He is persuaded to leave his lonely but poetically fruitful bachelor life by the editor of a woman's magazine, Vesta Bainbridge, after he accidentally sends her a love poem instead of a complaint about a recipe in her magazine. The marriage, which soon ends, costs Enderby dearly, alienating him from his muse and depriving him of his financial independence.
Months pass, and Enderby is able to write only one more poem. After spending what remains of his capital, he attempts suicide with an overdose of aspirin, experiencing disgusting (and rather funny) visions of his stepmother as he nears death. His cries of horror bring help, and he regains consciousness in a mental institution, where the doctors persuade him to renounce his old, "immature" poetry-writing self. Rechristened "Piggy Hogg", he looks forward contentedly to a new career as a bartender.
Criticism
Anthony Burgess wrote a review of Joseph Kell's book for the Yorkshire Post. "[W]hen the editor sent him the author's novel—Burgess thought it was a practical joke but it wasn't."
When the paper found out that Kell was one of Burgess' pen names, Burgess was removed from his reviewing duties.
Anatole Broyard of The New York Times wrote:
"Mr. Burgess is so fond of Enderby—by far his best creation—that he has devoted four books to him: Inside Mr. Enderby and Enderby Outside, which were published in 1968, The Clockwork Testament in 1975, and now, Enderby's Dark Lady."
Harold Bloom has nominated the novel as one of his candidates for "the most undervalued English novel of our era".
Reviews
Release details
1963, UK, William Heinemann (ISBN B0000CLQ13), Pub Date ? ? 1970, Hardback
1984, US, Mcgraw-Hill (), Pub Date April ? 1984, Hardback
1984, US, Mcgraw-Hill (), Pub Date ? ? 1984, Paperback
1996, US, Carroll & Graf Publishers (), Pub Date January ? 1996, Hardback (complete Enderby series)
Footnotes
Sources, references, external links, quotations
NY Times Book review of the last book in the series
Biography
Novels by Anthony Burgess
1963 British novels
British comedy novels
Works published under a pseudonym
Novels set in Brighton
Heinemann (publisher) books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside%20Mr%20Enderby |
Evil Twin: Cyprien's Chronicles is a platform game developed by Ubi Soft and In Utero for the Dreamcast, PlayStation 2, and Windows.
Gameplay
The player takes control of a young orphan named Cyprien, who ventures through a nightmarish world and can transform into a superhero version of himself named Supercyp during his journey to Loren Darith to free his teddy bear, Lenny.
Story
The story begins with Cyprien standing by a running sink in the restroom of his orphanage home and staring into the restroom mirror when his buddy Dave enters, asks him if he's okay, and invites him to come out into the main room so that the two of them could join in celebrating Cyprien's birthday. When they arrive, Cyprien's other friends, Vince, Joey, and Steve are waiting for him. He enters the room, completely apathetic and depressed. Steve explains that Cyprien's parents had died on his birthday and Cyprien leaves the room.
He is greeted by Lenny, his teddy bear and imaginary friend. Cyprien, already irritated with the flood of questions from his friends, becomes hysterical and tells Lenny that he is only a toy, and condemns Lenny's world (Undabed) to oblivion.
Cyprien begins to laugh and the room darkens, Lenny disappears and Cyprien's friends are being grabbed by dark shadowy tentacles. After the havok subsides, Cyprien awakens from his unconscious state and cannot find Lenny. He is then teleported to Undabed, and is greeted by Wilbur, a friend of Lenny's.
Wilbur then explains that a great wave swept everything away and a massive tower (Loren Darith) appeared, and in that tower lived a hideous creature named the "Master". The Master manipulated the people of Undabed by erasing all traces of the past and entrusted a key to the people of Demi Island, called "The Great Zippete".
Lenny went to Demi Island to obtain that very key, and was nearly able to get it. However, the Master's troops arrested Lenny before he could get his hands on it.
The Master took control of Demi Island by convincing the Demi people (whose bodies are split in two) that their bodies were once whole, and took away the Zippete and lied that it was vestige of when the Demi's where whole. The Master then divided the Zippete into four pieces, each scattered on 4 different worlds. It is then up to Cyprien to acquire the 4 parts of the Great Zippete, and free Lenny.
Development
The game was originally intended to be released in late 1999 under the title of "Evil Twin" but was later delayed due to financial reasons. A gameplay video of the game was available on the Sega Dreamcast "Dreamon Collection 4" demo disc.
Release
Evil Twin: Cyprien's Chronicles was released in Europe only and was one of the last PAL Dreamcast released games with a version distributed by BigBen Interactive. The game was exclusive to Game Stores Group and was also released for PlayStation 2 in the December of 2001.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack didn't become available until 2010 when it was released under Bertrand Eluerd's Bandcamp account, compiled into three volumes. The first two volumes feature the in-game music with the third volume being a collection of leftovers, demos, and a couple of tracks from the aborted Evil Twin II project.
Reception
Evil Twin: Cyprien's Chronicles received mixed reviews from various review sites. The game was praised for its level design, art direction and music by composer Bertrand Eluerd but also criticized for its poor controls and awkward camera. The Sega Dreamcast saw only a release in the PAL territory (Europe, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand).
Reviews
Futuregamez.net
PC Action (Germany)
GameSpot (Belgium/Netherlands)
Jeuxvideo.com
Jeuxvideo.com
TotalVideoGames
Jeuxvideo.com
4Players.de
4Players.de
Gamezone (Germany)
Gamezone (Germany)
Game Informer Magazine
Gamesmania.de
JeuxVideoPC.com
allaboutgames.co.uk
Eurogamer.net
References
External links
Gamespot review and information
IGN information
2001 video games
3D platform games
Dreamcast games
Europe-exclusive video games
PlayStation 2 games
Ubisoft games
Video games developed in France
Windows games
Single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil%20Twin%3A%20Cyprien%27s%20Chronicles |
Champions
Major League Baseball
World Series: St. Louis Cardinals over Detroit Tigers (4-3)
All-Star Game, July 10 at Polo Grounds: American League, 9-7
Other champions
Negro League Baseball All-Star Game: East, 1-0
Awards and honors
Most Valuable Player:
American League: Mickey Cochrane, Detroit Tigers, C
National League: Dizzy Dean, St. Louis Cardinals, P
MLB statistical leaders
Major league baseball final standings
American League final standings
National League final standings
Negro leagues final standings
Negro National League final standings
*Source refers to the league as the "East-West League", but the league was more generally known as the "Negro National League". Several games were included in the standings against non-League teams.
Source:
Post-season:
Chicago won the first half, Philadelphia won the second half.
Philadelphia beat Chicago 4 games to 3 games (1 tie) in a play-off.
Events
January–June
January 19 – Baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis denies Shoeless Joe Jackson's appeal for reinstatement. Jackson was one of eight Chicago White Sox players banned for their part in throwing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds.
February 5 – Hank Aaron is born in Mobile, Alabama. Aaron will later set a major league record 755 home runs.
April 5 - New Reds owner Powel Crosley, for whom the Cincinnati park was renamed Crosley Field, hires Red Barber to broadcast the Reds' games on WSAI, a radio station owned by Crosley.
April 8 - In front of 15,000 fans, the Philadelphia Phillies defeat the Philadelphia A's 8-1. What made this inter-city exhibition game significant is that it is the first major league game of any kind to take place on a Sunday.
April 17 – Opening day, Casey Stengel makes his Major League managerial debut, as his Brooklyn Dodgers lose to the Boston Braves, 8–7 at Ebbets Field.
April 17 – Opening day, Lon Warneke of the Chicago Cubs throws first of two consecutive complete game one-hit victories, defeating the Cincinnati Reds, 6–0. Warneke will throw his second consecutive one-hit victory on April 22, defeating Dizzy Dean and the St. Louis Cardinals, 15–2.
April 18 – Paul Dean, younger brother of Dizzy Dean, makes his major league debut on the mound for the St. Louis Cardinals, while allowing four earned runs in just two innings.
April 22 – Moe Berg's American League record of 117 consecutive errorless games for a catcher, dating back to , comes to an end. Nevertheless, Berg bats three-for-four to lead the Washington Senators to a victory over the Philadelphia Athletics, 4–3.
April 29 – The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Cincinnati Reds 9–5 at Forbes Field, in the team's first ever Sunday home game after Pennsylvania's "Blue Law" prohibiting games on Sundays was repealed.
May 25 – The Cleveland Indians trade Wes Ferrell and Dick Porter to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Bob Seeds, Bob Weiland and $25,000.
June 3 – In the sixth inning with two outs, the St. Louis Browns string together nine consecutive hits to beat the first place Cleveland Indians, 12–8.
July–September
July 4 – The Pittsburgh Crawfords' Satchel Paige pitches a 4-0 no-hitter against the Homestead Grays in Pittsburgh, then drove to Chicago to shut out the Chicago American Giants 1-0 in twelve innings, giving him two shutouts in two different cities on the same day.
July 6 – Jocko Conlan makes his major league debut in right field for the Chicago White Sox. After two seasons as a part-time player with the ChiSox, Conlan retires in order to pursue a career as an umpire.
July 10 – At the All-Star Game held at the Polo Grounds in New York City, New York Giants pitcher Carl Hubbell strikes out five consecutive American League batters: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons, and Joe Cronin, all future Hall-of-Famers. The American League defeated the National League, however, 9–7.
July 13 – Babe Ruth finds the 700 home run club. He will be the only member for almost 40 years.
August 4 – Already up 10-4 in the second game of a double header, the New York Giants score eleven runs in the ninth inning.
August 14 – The Detroit Tigers sweep the New York Yankees in a double header to bring their winning streak to fourteen games. The Yankees beat them the following day to end the streak.
September 16 – In the first game of a double header with the Brooklyn Dodgers, Phil Cavarretta makes his major league debut for the Chicago Cubs at barely eighteen years old. He strikes out in one at-bat as a pinch hitter.
September 21 – St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Dizzy Dean throws a three hitter in the first game of a doubleheader against the Brooklyn Dodgers. In the nightcap, his younger brother Paul no-hits them.
September 23 – With a 2½ games lead in the National League, the New York Giants lose the second game of a double header to the Boston Braves. The Giants lose their last five games of the season, to end two games back of the St. Louis Cardinals, who win their last four.
September 26 – The Detroit Tigers sweep a double header from the Chicago White Sox, giving Chicago ten losses in a row, and 97 losses for the season. The ChiSox, however, go 2-2 in their final four games to avoid 100 losses for the season.
September 30 – Dizzy Dean of the St. Louis Cardinals shuts out the Cincinnati Reds, 9-0, to reach his 30th win of the season.
October–December
October 3 – Sloppy play by the Detroit Tigers (five errors) helps the Cardinals cruise to an 8-3 victory in game one of the 1934 World Series.
October 4 – Goose Goslin's single in the twelfth wins it, as the Tigers take game two, 3-2.
October 5 – With two outs in the ninth inning, Paul Dean allows the Detroit Tigers their only run of the game. The Cards take a 2-1 series advantage with both wins come with one of the Dean brothers on the mound.
October 6 – This time it is the Cardinals who commit five errors in one game, two of which came in the Tigers' five run eighth inning, as Detroit wins game four, 10-4.
October 7 – The Detroit Tigers take game five of the World Series, 3-1. Dizzy Dean in the losing pitcher.
October 8 – Daffy Dean pitches nine innings, and again just gives up one earned run. Sloppy play, however, allows the Tigers to plate two more. Dean helps his own cause with a single in the seventh to drive in the game-winning run as the Cardinals win 4-3 to even up the series.
October 9 – The St. Louis Cardinals defeat the Detroit Tigers, 11–0, in Game seven of the World Series to win their third World Championship, four games to three. All four games are won by one of the Dean brothers (Dizzy is 2-1, Paul is 2-0). The St. Louis "Gashouse Gang" collected 73 hits in the series.
November 21 – The New York Yankees acquire Joe DiMaggio from San Francisco of the Pacific Coast League.
December 26 – Matsutaro Shoriki, head of Yomiuri Shimbun, announces the formation of the first professional baseball team in Japan, the Yomiuri Giants. The team is composed primarily of players who had played the American All-Stars who had toured Japan.
Births
January
January 8 – Gene Freese
January 16 – Jim Owens
January 20 – Camilo Pascual
January 23 – Joey Amalfitano
January 24 – John Briggs
January 25 – Ted Kazanski
January 28 – Bill White
February
February 1 – Bob Conley
February 3 – Noboru Akiyama
February 5 – Hank Aaron
February 9 – Ted Wills
February 16 – Don Eaddy
February 17 – Willie Kirkland
February 22 – Sparky Anderson
February 25 – Johnny Schaive
February 26 – Don Lee
March
March 3 – Bobby Locke
March 8 – Marv Breeding
March 8 – Willard Hunter
March 9 – Jim Landis
March 10 – Ken MacKenzie
March 18 – Charley Pride
April
April 1 – Rod Kanehl
April 8 – Turk Farrell
April 10 – Wes Stock
April 14 – Marty Keough
April 15 – J. C. Hartman
April 18 – Deacon Jones
April 26 – Mary Weddle
April 28 – Jackie Brandt
April 29 – Luis Aparicio
April 30 – Ken Retzer
May
May 3 – Chuck Hinton
May 4 – Barbara Gates
May 5 – Don Buddin
May 6 – Tom Baker
May 6 – Leo Burke
May 12 – Louise Clapp
May 13 – Arlene Buszka
May 13 – Don LeJohn
May 13 – Leon Wagner
May 15 – Bill Conlin
May 21 – Moe Thacker
May 22 – Arlene Kotil
May 22 – José Valdivielso
May 26 – Jim Mahoney
May 27 – Ray Daviault
May 28 – Bob Smith
June
June 3 – Jim Gentile
June 8 – Bill Smith
June 10 – Gloria Schweigerdt
June 16 – Pancho Herrera
June 22 – Russ Snyder
June 27 – Ed Hobaugh
June 29 – Duane Wilson
July
July 5 – Gordy Coleman
July 11 – Bob Allison
July 13 – Ken Hunt
July 19 – Bill Kirk
July 22 – R. C. Stevens
July 29 – Félix Mantilla
July 30 – Bud Selig
August
August 4 – Dallas Green
August 9 – Eli Grba
August 15 – Seth Morehead
August 18 – Roberto Clemente
August 18 – Billy Consolo
August 22 – Angelo Dagres
August 23 – Johnny Romano
August 25 – Ralph Mauriello
August 26 – Mary Froning
August 27 – Em Lindbeck
August 28 – Shirley Crites
September
September 2 – Margaret Jurgensmeier
September 6 – Tom Flanigan
September 10 – Roger Maris
September 11 – Marlan Coughtry
September 12 – Albie Pearson
September 13 – Tom Hughes
September 14 – Bob Perry
September 18 – Marilyn Jenkins
September 21 – Jerry Zimmerman
September 22 – Lou Johnson
October
October 1 – Chuck Hiller
October 2 – Earl Wilson
October 4 – Don Bradey
October 7 – Sammy Drake
October 8 – Mickey Harrington
October 14 – Tom Cheney
October 26 – Barbara Galdonik
October 31 – Carl Boles
November
November 1 – Howie Goss
November 10 – Norm Cash
November 25 – Cholly Naranjo
November 30 – Steve Hamilton
December
December 2 – Andre Rodgers
December 6 – Dan Dobbek
December 11 – Lee Maye
December 16 – Jim Bailey
December 17 – Kent Hadley
December 19 – Al Kaline
December 25 – Charlie Beamon
December 29 – Ramón Conde
Deaths
January
January 9 – Perry Werden, 68, first baseman who played for the St. Louis Maroons, Washington Nationals, Toledo Maumees, Baltimore Orioles, St. Louis Browns and Louisville Colonels in parts of seven seasons spanning 1884–1897.
January 16 – Wiley Dunham, 56, pitcher for the 1902 St. Louis Cardinals.
January 28 – John Kane, 51, outfielder who played with the Cincinnati Reds in 1907 and the Chicago Cubs in 1910.
January 29 – Bill Schenck, 79, infielder who played for the Louisville Eclipse, Richmond Virginians and Brooklyn Grays in a span of three seasons from 1882 to 1885.
January 30 – Frank McGee, 34, first baseman who played two games for the 1925 Washington Senators.
February
February 8 – Tom Sexton, 68, shortstop for the 1884 Milwaukee Brewers.
February 12 – Rowdy Elliott, 43, catcher who spent 23 years in baseball between 1907 and 1929, which included stints in the majors with the Boston Doves (1910), Chicago Cubs (1916–1918) and Brooklyn Robins (1920), being also a World War I veteran.
February 20 – George Mappes, 68, backup catcher and second baseman who played from 1885 to 1886 for the Baltimore Orioles and the St. Louis Maroons.
February 21 – Doc Adkins, 61, pitcher who played with the Boston Americans in 1902 and the New York Highlanders in 1903.
February 21 – Jim Roxburgh, 76, catcher for the 1884 Baltimore Orioles and the 1887 Philadelphia Athletics.
February 25 – John McGraw, 60, Hall of Fame manager who from 1902 through 1932 led the New York Giants to three World Series championships, 10 National League pennants, and 21 first-or second-place finishes, whose 2,763 managerial victories rank him third only to Connie Mack's career-best total of 3,731 and Tony La Russa; previously he was the star third baseman of the 1890s Baltimore Orioles, batting .336 in 848 games and playing on three NL pennant-winning clubs between 1892 and 1899.
February 27 – Frank Shannon, 60, shortstop who played with the Washington Senators in 1892 and the Louisville Colonels in 1896.
February 28 – John Irwin, 72, third baseman who played for the Worcester Ruby Legs, Boston Reds, Philadelphia Athletics, Washington Nationals, Buffalo Bisons, Boston Reds and Louisville Colonels in parts of eight seasons spanning 1882–1891.
March
March 3 – Mike O'Rourke, 65, pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles during the 1890 season.
March 7 – Bill Rotes, 62, pitcher for the Louisville Colonels in 1893.
March 9 – Dan Dugdale, 69, catcher who played with the Kansas City Cowboys in 1886 and the Washington Senators in 1894.
March 13 – Fielder Jones, 62, center fielder and manager; played for Brooklyn Superbas (1896–1900), including 1899–1900 National League champs, and Chicago White Sox (1901–1908), including 1901 and 1906 American League pennant-winners; as manager, guided the 1906 "Hitless Wonders" White Sox to World Series title; batted over .300 in six seasons and collected 683 victories as a manager of White Sox, St. Louis Terriers (Federal League), and St. Louis Browns over ten seasons spanning 1904 to 1918.
March 16 – Adrian Lynch, 37, pitcher for the St. Louis Browns in the 1920 season.
March 19 – Ray Jansen, 45, third baseman who played with the St. Louis Browns in 1910.
March 20 – Herm Doscher, 81, third baseman for five teams between 1872 and 1882, who also umpired during five seasons in the National League and the American Association.
March 21 – Pea Ridge Day, 34, pitcher who played from 1924 through 1926 for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Cincinnati Reds, and with the Brooklyn Robins in the 1931 season.
March 28 – Ed Larkin, 48, catcher for the 1909 Philadelphia Athletics.
April
April 1 – Barney Gilligan, 78, catcher who played from 1879 through 1888 for the Cleveland Blues, Providence Grays, Washington Nationals and Detroit Wolverines.
April 2 – John Roach, 66, pitcher for the 1887 New York Giants.
April 4 – Dick Johnston, 70, center fielder who played eight seasons from 1884 to 1891, while appearing for five different teams in three different leagues, which included stints with the Richmond Virginians, Boston Beaneaters, Boston Reds, New York Giants and Cincinnati Kelly's Killers.
April 10 – Bill Hunter, 46, outfielder who played with the Cleveland Naps in the 1912 season.
April 11 – Charles Moran, 55, backup infielder who played from 1903 through 1905 for the Washington Senators and St. Louis Browns.
April 19 – Charlie Hickman, 57, valuable utility and smart bases runner who played for nine different clubs in the American and National leagues from 1897 to 1908, amassing 91 career triples and several inside-the-park home runs, while leading the AL with 193 hits and 288 total bases in the 1902 season.
April 22 – Gus Creely, 63, shortstop who played for the St. Louis Browns during the 1890 season.
April 27 – Joe Vila, 67, journalist and editor for Boston and New York newspapers, who has been regarded as one of the most influential sportswriters during the first third of the 20th century, while setting fundamental changes in sports coverage during the decades to come.
May
May 3 – Lew Graulich, 70, minor league first baseman.
May 10 – Ed Willett, 50, pitcher for the Detroit Tigers from 1906 through 1913, who posted a 21-10 record and a 2.34 ERA to lead Detroit to the 1909 American League pennant, pitching later for the St. Louis Terriers of the outlaw Federal League in 1914 and 1915.
May 14 – Lou Criger, 62, the first Opening Day catcher in Boston American League franchise's history, who was behind plate for most of Cy Young's 511 victories, and also caught every inning of eight games in the first-ever World Series in 1903, helping Boston win the championship.
May 18 – Jumbo McGinnis, 80, ace pitcher for the original St. Louis Brown Stockings from 1882 to 1886, who hurled for them over 350 innings and averaged 26 wins in three consecutives seasons, while leading the American Association with six shutouts in 1883.
June
June 2 – James Pirie, 81, shortstop for the 1883 Philadelphia Quakers.
June 9 – Charlie Dexter, 57, catcher who played from 1896 through 1903 for the Louisville Colonels, Chicago Orphans and Boston Beaneaters.
June 10 – Les German, 65, pitcher who played with the Baltimore Orioles, New York Giants and Washington Senators, in all or part of six seasons spanning 1890–1896.
June 11 – Tim Manning, 80, second baseman who played for the Providence Grays and the Baltimore Orioles from 1882 to 1885.
June 21 – Monte Cross, 64, slick shortstop and speedy base runner during 15 seasons for five different franchises in the National and American leagues between 1892 and 1907, who played mostly for the Philadelphia Athletics and Phillies clubs from 1897 through 1907, earning six titles in putouts and three in assists while amassing a career 328 stolen bases.
June 29 – Charles Somers, 65, founding member of the American League in 1901 and also its principal financier, who owned the Cleveland Indians and also helped the junior circuit establish clubs in the cities of Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia.
July
July 6 – Ray Francis, 41, left-hander who pitched for the 1922 Washington Senators and the 1923 Detroit Tigers, and for the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox in the 1925 season.
July 18 – Sy Sanborn, 67, sportswriter for the Chicago Tribune from 1900 to 1920 and one of the founding members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America in 1908, who later collaborated for several years for The Sporting News.
July 19 – Ed Hutchinson, 67, second baseman for the Chicago Colts in the 1890 season.
July 29 – Walt McCredie, 57, outfielder for the 1903 Brooklyn Superbas of the National League, who later played and managed in the minor leagues for many years, leading his Portland team to Pacific Coast League pennants in 1906, 1910, 1911, 1913, and 1914.
July 29 – Dan Phelan, 81, first baseman who played for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association in 1890.
August
August 2 – Reggie Richter, 45, German pitcher for the Chicago Cubs in the 1911 season, who also spent four seasons in the minors with the Louisville Colonels, Montreal Royals and Newark Indians.
August 3 – Charlie Hastings, 63, pitcher for the Cleveland Spiders in 1893 and the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1896 through 1898.
August 8 – Wilbert Robinson, 70, Hall of Fame player and manager who spent 35 years in the majors, first as an outstanding catcher for the Baltimore Orioles during the 1890s, and later managing the Brooklyn Robins to two National League pennants in 1916 and 1920, while compiling a 1,399–1,398 managing record from 1914 to 1931.
August 11 – Joe Ward, 49, backup infielder who played with the Philadelphia Phillies in 1906, and for the New York Highlanders and the Philadelphia Phillies from 1909 to 1910.
August 12 – Ed Andrews, 75, outfielder and second baseman for the Philadelphia Quakers, Indianapolis Hoosiers, Brooklyn Ward's Wonders and Cincinnati Kelly's Killers in parts of nine seasons spanning 1884–1891, who led the National League with 56 stolen bases in 1896, and topped American Association outfielders with a .961 fielding average in 1891.
August 14 – Guy Morrison, 38, pitcher for the Boston Braves in the 1927 and 1928 seasons.
August 17 – Doc Potts, 65, catcher who appeared in one game for the 1892 Washington Senators of the National League.
August 21 – Carl Lundgren, 54, pitcher who posted a 91-55 record and a 2.42 ERA in 178 games for the Chicago Cubs, while helping his team win three consecutive National League pennants from 1906 to 1908, and two World Series championships in 1907 and 1908.
August 26 – Bill Kling, 67, pitcher who played from 1891 through 1892 for the Philadelphia Phillies and Baltimore Orioles, and with the Louisville Colonels in 1895.
August 27 – Henry Kohler, 82, National Association catcher/infielder for the Fort Wayne Kekiongas in 1871, and the Baltimore Marylands/Canaries from 1873 to 1874.
September
September 9 – John Dobbs, 53, outfielder who played from 1901 through 1905 for the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Orphans, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Superbas.
September 22 – Tom Messitt, 60, catcher for the 1889 Louisville Colonels.
October
October 4 – Nixey Callahan, 60, one of the most versatile figures in the late 1800s and early 1900s, who averaged 16 wins in six full seasons, including two 20-wins seasons in 1903–1904 and the first no-hitter in American League history in 1902, while also playing the outfield and four infield positions between pitching appearances, to later manage the Chicago White Sox and the Pittsburgh Pirates.
October 6 – Tom Mansell, 79, outfielder who played for the Troy Trojans, Syracuse Stars, Detroit Wolverines, St. Louis Browns, Cincinnati Red Stockings and Columbus Buckeyes in parts of three seasons spanning 1879–1884.
October 8 – Bill Snyder, 36, pitcher for the Washington Senators from 1919 to 1920.
October 9 – Pat Pettee, 71, second baseman who played for the Louisville Colonels in 1891.
October 11 – Sandy Burk, 47, pitcher who played for the Brooklyn Superbas, Brooklyn Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals and Pittsburgh Rebels in a span of five seasons from 1910 to 1915.
October 14 – Les Cox, 30, pitcher for the 1926 Chicago White Sox.
October 16 – Highball Wilson, 56, pitcher who played for the Cleveland Spiders in 1899, the Philadelphia Athletics in 1902, and the Washington Senators from 1903 to 1904.
October 18 – Guy Morton, 41, pitcher for the Cleveland Naps and Cleveland Indians from 1914 to 1924.
October 20 – Paddy Greene, 59, third baseman who played from 1902 through 1903 for the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Highlanders and Detroit Tigers.
October 22 – Belden Hill, 70, third baseman for the 1890 Baltimore Orioles of the American Association.
November
November 8 – Reddy Grey, 59, outfielder who appeared in one game with the 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates.
November 15 – Barney Reilly, 50, second baseman for the Chicago White Sox in the 1909 season.
November 17 – Kid McLaughlin, 46, center fielder who played for the Cincinnati Reds in 1914.
November 18 – Tuffy Stewart, 51, right fielder for the Chicago Cubs in 1913 and 1914.
November 21 – Fred Glade, 58, pitcher for the Chicago Orphans, St. Louis Browns and New York Highlanders at the turn of the 20th century.
November 22 – Pop Swett, 64, catcher who played in 37 games for the 1890 Boston Reds.
December
December 2 – Tom Daley, 60, outfielder who played for the Cincinnati Reds in 1908, the Philadelphia Athletics in 1912 and 1913, and the New York Yankees from 1914 to 1915.
December 2 – Scotty Barr, 48, outfielder who played for the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1908 and 1909 seasons.
December 13 – Doc Shanley, 45, shortstop who played for the St. Louis Browns in 1912.
December 20 – Parke Wilson, 67, catcher for the New York Giants from 1893 to 1899.
December 22 – Kitty Brashear, 57, pitcher for the 1899 Louisville Colonels.
December 26 – George Kopshaw, 39, catcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1923 season.
December 26 – Jule Mallonee, 34, outfielder for the 1925 Chicago White Sox.
December 30 – George Henry, 71, outfielder for the 1893 Cincinnati Reds.
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934%20in%20baseball |
In mathematics, the Milliken–Taylor theorem in combinatorics is a generalization of both Ramsey's theorem and Hindman's theorem. It is named after Keith Milliken and Alan D. Taylor.
Let denote the set of finite subsets of , and define a partial order on by α<β if and only if max α<min β. Given a sequence of integers and , let
Let denote the k-element subsets of a set S. The Milliken–Taylor theorem says that for any finite partition , there exist some and a sequence such that .
For each , call an MTk set. Then, alternatively, the Milliken–Taylor theorem asserts that the collection of MTk sets is partition regular for each k.
References
.
.
Ramsey theory
Theorems in discrete mathematics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliken%E2%80%93Taylor%20theorem |
In mathematics, Schwartz space is the function space of all functions whose derivatives are rapidly decreasing. This space has the important property that the Fourier transform is an automorphism on this space. This property enables one, by duality, to define the Fourier transform for elements in the dual space of , particulary, for tempered distributions. A function in the Schwartz space is sometimes called a Schwartz function.
Schwartz space is named after French mathematician Laurent Schwartz.
Definition
Let be the set of non-negative integers, and for any , let be the n-fold Cartesian product. The Schwartz space or space of rapidly decreasing functions on is the function spacewhere is the function space of smooth functions from into , and Here, denotes the supremum, and we used multi-index notation, i.e. and .
To put common language to this definition, one could consider a rapidly decreasing function as essentially a function such that , , , ... all exist everywhere on and go to zero as faster than any reciprocal power of . In particular, (, ) is a subspace of the function space (, ) of smooth functions from into .
Examples of functions in the Schwartz space
If α is a multi-index, and a is a positive real number, then
Any smooth function f with compact support is in S(Rn). This is clear since any derivative of f is continuous and supported in the support of f, so (xαDβ) f has a maximum in Rn by the extreme value theorem.
Because the Schwartz space is a vector space, any polynomial can by multiplied by a factor for a real constant, to give an element of the Schwartz space. In particular, there is an embedding of polynomials inside a Schwartz space.
Properties
Analytic properties
From Leibniz's rule, it follows that is also closed under pointwise multiplication:
If then the product .
The Fourier transform is a linear isomorphism .
If then is uniformly continuous on .
is a distinguished locally convex Fréchet Schwartz TVS over the complex numbers.
Both and its strong dual space are also:
complete Hausdorff locally convex spaces,
nuclear Montel spaces,
It is known that in the dual space of any Montel space, a sequence converges in the strong dual topology if and only if it converges in the weak* topology,
Ultrabornological spaces,
reflexive barrelled Mackey spaces.
Relation of Schwartz spaces with other topological vector spaces
If , then .
If , then is dense in .
The space of all bump functions, , is included in .
See also
Bump function
Schwartz–Bruhat function
Nuclear space
References
Sources
Topological vector spaces
Smooth functions
Fourier analysis
Function spaces
Schwartz distributions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartz%20space |
Nam Thien Le (born September 10, 1980 in Irvine, California) is an American professional poker player from Huntington Beach, California.
On March 3, 2006, Le won the World Poker Tour (WPT) fourth season Bay 101 Shooting Star event. It was his first major poker win.
In 2008 he took down the HK$150,000 No Limit Hold'em – High Rollers Event of APPT – Macau for HK$3,700,000 ($473,915).
As of August 2014, his total live tournament winnings exceed $6,800,000. His 24 cashes at the WSOP account for $854,337 of those winnings.
References
American poker players
Living people
People from Irvine, California
American people of Vietnamese descent
World Poker Tour winners
1980 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%20Le%20%28poker%20player%29 |
This is a list of newspapers in the Maldives.
Leading online newspapers in Maldives
Dhivehi
Muraasil
Minivan Noos
Dhen Online
Vaguthu
Mihaaru
Sun Online
Dhiyares
Dhauru
Adhadhu
Huvadhoo
Avas
Dhuvaafaru Live
The PRESS
Uthuru Online
Hurihaa
Dhiislam Online
Vnews
One Online
PSM News
Channel News Maldives (CNM)
Dhuvas
Addu Live
Jazeera News
Voice
Aafathis
Haftha
Raajje.mv
Maldives Business Standard
Miadhu Daily
AO News
Thiladhun
Feshun
Iru Online
MvNoos
Hoara Online
Fahuminet
Dhidaily
DhiStar
Hathaavees Online
Khabaru Online
Sangu Mv
Adhives Online
Hama.mv
Outreach.mv
Xeetimes
Tech News MV
Iruvaru
Ras Online
Dhidaily
Hali News
Furathama
Sandhaanu News
Gaafu Online
Express News
Mendhuru Online
Theeru
Dhenme
Loamaa Online
English
The Maldives Journal
Maldives News Network
Maldives Financial Review
The Edition
Avas
Sun Online
One Online
Maldives Today
PSM News
Maldives Times
Corporate Maldives
Maldives Voice
Raajje.mv
Hotelier Maldives
Maldives Insider
Maldives Business Standard
Maldives Business Review
The islandchief
The PRESS
MVHOTELS.Travel
Travel Trade Maldives (TTM)
Coral Glass Media
Coral Glass Market
Thiladhunmathi Times
The Times of Addu
Ras Online
Dhidaily
Hotel Insider Maldives
MV+
See also
List of newspapers
Maldives
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20the%20Maldives |
St. John Cemetery is a Catholic cemetery located in Prairie Township, Union County, South Dakota. The cemetery is one of four adjacent cemeteries, which are a mile south and a mile east of Beresford, South Dakota. Of these four, St. John is the cemetery which is farthest west. The earliest known burial is that of a child named Felix Phillip Mangan in 1886. As of 2001, the remains of more than 700 individuals were interred at St. John Cemetery.
Notable people buried in St. John Cemetery
William J. Bulow, South Dakota Governor and United States Senator.
James and Frances (Kukar) Lass, parents of Donna Lass (possible victim of the Zodiac Killer).
John W. Maher, member of the South Dakota House of Representatives.
External links
St. John Cemetery records at Find A Grave
St. John Cemetery records at Interment
1940 W.P.A. burial records for St. John Cemetery
Cemeteries in South Dakota
Roman Catholic cemeteries in the United States
Protected areas of Union County, South Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Johns%20Cemetery%2C%20Union%20County |
Lockwood Broadcast Group is a television broadcasting company that owns stations in several markets.
Lockwood Broadcast main offices are located in Hampton, Virginia with Operation Headquarters in Richmond, Virginia.
History
Lockwood Broadcast began its operations in 1994 by upstarting television station WPEN-LP until the run ended in April 2002. In September 1996, Lockwood purchased religious independent station WLYJ-TV (now WVFX) then sold it to Davis Television in 1998. In April 1997, Lockwood acquired another religious independent station WJCB-TV (now WPXV-TV) before it was purchased by Paxson Communications in December of the same year and July 1997, Lockwood bought then-The WB affiliate WAWB from Bell Broadcasting for $10 million, changing the call letters to WUPV and became an UPN affiliate until joining the CW on September 18, 2006 and the selling of the station to Southeastern Media Holdings (now American Spirit Media and operated by Raycom Media through a shared services agreement (SSA)) for $47 million in August 2006. In 1998, Lockwood purchased ABC affiliate KTEN became exclusively an NBC affiliate after the acquisition of the station and brought UPN affiliate WHDF in May 2004 for $5.5 million.
On January 24, 2006, the UPN and WB networks announced that they would merge into a new network called The CW Television Network. On April 4, 2006, Lockwood announced that they have signed affiliation deals with The CW to become affiliates of the newly combined network.
Longtime owner Commonwealth Broadcasting put up CW affiliate WQCW for sale on January 20, 2007. Lockwood Broadcast acquired the station for $5.25 million. The deal closed on May 21 of that year.
In February 2011, ACME Communications announced a deal to sell WBXX-TV to Lockwood for $5.6 million. The FCC approved the sale on March 21 and the deal closed on May 6.
On November 13, 2012, Lockwood Broadcast Group entered into an agreement to purchase Daystar affiliate WMAK from Word of God Fellowship for $2.95 million while at the same filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission to change the station's call letters to WKNX-TV. The FCC approved the sale on December 21. On February 25, 2013, Lockwood took control of the station, which converted to an independent television station with general entertainment programming format its branding was also changed to "WKNX, The Knox", although the station did not formally change its callsign until March 19. Formal consummation of the Lockwood purchase occurred on March 4, 2013, creating the Knoxville television market's first station duopoly with CW affiliate WBXX-TV.
On April 1, 2013, Lockwood would be acquiring CW affiliate WCWG from Titan Broadcasting for $2.75 million. The sale was consummated on September 23.
On July 15, 2013, Lockwood announced that they will seek a 51% stake in WSKY-TV, a full-power independent television station currently owned by Sky Television, LLC for $1.105 million. The sale was finalized on November 25.
On November 15, 2013, Lockwood announced that it would sell WQCW to Excalibur Broadcasting for $5.5 million. Upon the completion of the purchase, WQCW will begin a shared services agreement with Gray Television, owner of NBC affiliate WSAZ-TV. Excalibur's president Don Ray was a former general manager at WSAZ. However, in February 2014, this deal was abandoned in favor of selling WQCW and WOCW to Gray outright for that same $5.5 million; Gray noted in the updated filing with the FCC that WQCW is not among the four highest-rated stations in the Charleston – Huntington market and that there would still be eight unique station owners upon the completion of the WQCW purchase, and in a statement said that "it made more sense to own the stations outright." In the interim, Gray took over WQCW and WOCW through a local marketing agreement on February 1. The sale was completed on April 1.
On October 1, 2015, Gray announced that it would sell KAKE-TV in Wichita, Kansas to Lockwood in return for WBXX-TV and $11.2 million.
On July 15, 2018, Lockwood agreed to sell WHDF to Nexstar Media Group; Nexstar concurrently took over the station's operations through a time brokerage agreement. The deal was completed on November 9.
On August 20, 2018, Gray Television announced that it would sell four Fox affiliates — WTNZ in Knoxville; WFXG in Augusta, Georgia; WPGX in Panama City, Florida; and WDFX-TV in Dothan, Alabama; to Lockwood. The deal is part of Gray's acquisition of Raycom Media, the owner of all four stations. The sale was completed on January 2, 2019.
Current stations
Former stations
References
External links
Lockwood Broadcast Group Official Website
Television broadcasting companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockwood%20Broadcast%20Group |
Basis theorem can refer to:
Basis theorem (computability), a type of theorem in computability theory showing that sets from particular classes must have elements of particular kinds.
Hilbert's basis theorem, in algebraic geometry, says that a polynomial ring over a Noetherian ring is Noetherian.
Low basis theorem, a particular theorem in computability theory. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis%20theorem |
This is a list of newspapers in Mongolia.
Aphrodite (Афродита) (Ulaanbaatar)
Great Nation (Их үндэстэн) (Ulaanbaatar)
The Mongol Messenger (in English) (Ulaanbaatar)
Mongolia This Week (in English)
Niigmiin Toli (Нийгмийн толь) (Ulaanbaatar/national) - Society's Brief
UB Post (in English) (Ulaanbaatar)
Udriin Sonin (Өдрийн сонин) (Ulaanbaatar/national) - Day's Newspaper
Unuudur (Өнөөдөр) (Ulaanbaatar/national) - Today
Zuunii Medee (Зууны мэдээ) (Ulaanbaatar/national) - Century's News
Below is a list of magazines published in Mongolia.
Computer Times (Компьютер Таймс) (Ulaanbaatar/national)
Goo Mongol (Гоо монгол) (Ulaanbaatar/national) - Beautiful/nice Mongol
Gyalbaa (Гялбаа) (Ulaanbaatar/national) - Bright
Polar Star (Алтангадас) (Ulaanbaatar/national)
Uptown (Аптаун) (Ulaanbaatar/national)
Step by Step (Ulaanbaatar/national)
See also
Media of Mongolia
List of newspapers
Mongolia
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Mongolia |
The 2004 Women's Hockey Olympic Qualifier was held in Auckland, New Zealand from 19 to 28 March 2004. The top five teams qualified to the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
Squads
Head Coach: Markus Weise
Head Coach: Bobby Crutchley
Head Coach: Riet Kuper
Head Coach: Kazunori Kobayashi
Head Coach: Ian Rutledge
Head Coach: Valentina Apelganets
Head Coach: Lim Heung-Sin
Head Coach: Pablo Usoz
Head Coach: Tetyana Zhuk
Head Coach: Beth Anders
Umpires
Chieko Akiyama (JPN)
Judith Barnesby (AUS)
Peri Buckley (AUS)
Renée Cohen (NED)
Ute Conen (GER)
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Jean Duncan (GBR)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
Sarah Garnett (NZL)
Jun Kentwell (USA)
Minka Woolley (AUS)
Results
Preliminary round
Pool A
Pool B
Classification round
Ninth and tenth place
Fifth to eighth place classification
Crossover
Seventh and eighth place
Fifth and sixth place
First to fourth place classification
Semi-finals
Third and fourth place
Final
Awards
Final standings
Goalscorers
External links
Official FIH website
2004
2004 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier
2004 in women's field hockey
Field Hockey
Sport in Auckland
March 2004 sports events in New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Women%27s%20Field%20Hockey%20Olympic%20Qualifier |
This is a list of newspapers in Myanmar.
Daily newspapers
State-run
Kyemon (The Mirror) - a government-run daily newspaper (Burmese)
Myanma Alin (The Light of Myanmar) - a government-run daily newspaper (Burmese)
Myawady Daily - a military-run daily newspaper
New Light of Myanmar - a government-run daily newspaper formerly named The Working People's Daily (Burmese and English)
The Yadanabon - a military-run daily newspaper
Private
7 Day News (Burmese)
China Daily Global Edition - a private daily English Newspaper (English)
D-Wave (owned by National League for Democracy)
Daily Eleven
Empire Daily
Golden Fresh Land
The Messenger
Myanmar Business Today
The Myanmar Times - a private daily English newspaper (weekly in Burmese)
The Standard Time Daily
The Straits Times Myanmar Edition - a private daily newspaper (English)
The Union Daily (owned by Union Solidarity and Development Party)
The Voice Daily
The Yangon Times
Weekly newspapers and journals
A-Myin-thit - Ministry of Interior, special branch weekly newspaper (Burmese)
BiWeekly Eleven
Burma Today (Burmese)
The Commerce Journal
Education Digest Journal (Burmese)
First Eleven Sports Journal
Flower News - private weekly newspaper (Burmese)
Frontier Myanmar (English)
Internet Journal (English and Burmese)
Kanaung Journal of Industry and Commerce
Kumudra (Burmese)
Hmukhin Shudaunk (Crime Journal) (Burmese)
Myanmar Business Today - Myanmar's first bilingual (English-Myanmar) business newspaper
Myanmar Digest
Myanmar Post - privately owned
Sunday Journal
The Myanmar Times, a Burmese weekly news journal (daily newspaper in English)
Premier Eleven Sports Journal
Popular News Journal
Seven Days News or 7 Days News Journal - private weekly newspaper (Burmese)
Seven Days Sports
The Voice Weekly (Burmese)
Weekly Eleven
The Irrawaddy
The Yangon Times
Zay Gwet (Myanmar Market Journal)
Pyi Myanmar News Journal
Good Health Journal
The Tanintharyi Weekly
Published overseas
Mizzima News Agency
Mandalay Gazette
Freedom News Group
Defunct popular and influential newspapers
The Botataung (Burmese)
Daily Sport Journal
Democracy (ceased publication in 2019)
The Guardian (Burmese and English)
Myanmar Freedom Daily - a private daily newspaper (English) (Last published 2015)
The Nation (Burmese and English)
Phoenix - entertainment weekly, banned from publishing from August 2009 for unspecified reasons
The Worker (Burmese)
See also
Media of Myanmar
References
Myanmar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Myanmar |
"Too Much Love Will Kill You" is a song written by British guitarist Brian May of Queen, Frank Musker and Elizabeth Lamers. The song reflected the breakdown of May's first marriage and attraction to his future wife, Anita Dobson. It was first recorded by Queen around 1988 or before, and was intended to be on the band's The Miracle album in 1989, but did not make the cut due to legal disputes following the band's decision that all songs on the album would be written by the group as opposed to individuals.
After Freddie Mercury's death in 1991, May arranged a solo version, which he performed at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in 1992, and subsequently included on his solo album Back to the Light that same year. When released as a single, it reached number five on the UK Singles Chart, number two in Belgium, and topped the charts in the Netherlands. Because it was first played publicly at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, a common misconception is that it was written as a tribute to Freddie Mercury, although it had actually been written several years before he died, and he sang lead vocal on the Queen version.
Track listings
7-inch and cassette single
A. "Too Much Love Will Kill You" – 4:29
B. "I'm Scared" – 4:00
UK CD single
"Too Much Love Will Kill You"
"I'm Scared"
"Too Much Love Will Kill You" (guitar version)
"Driven by You" (new version)
Personnel
Brian May – lead and backing vocals, piano, keyboard, acoustic and electric guitar
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Queen version
A version of this song recorded in 1989, with Mercury on vocals and in 1995, the remaining members of Queen elected to include the original recording of "Too Much Love Will Kill You", with Mercury on vocals, on the Made in Heaven album, released four years after Mercury's death. Queen's version reached number 15 on the UK Singles Chart and number 19 on Canada's RPM 100 Hit Tracks chart whilst the song failed to chart on Billboard Hot 100, only to chart at #18 on the chart's extension Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.
Although it failed to duplicate the chart success of May's solo version, Queen's version of the song has since come to be regarded as the definitive version, after being awarded "Best Song Musically and Lyrically" at the 1996 Novello Awards (May said later that if there was one song that he would have wanted to win an award for, it was this one), and being included on Queen's Greatest Hits III.
Critical reception
Steve Baltin from Cash Box wrote, "One of the last remnants of the late, great Freddie Mercury, the first single from the band’s new Made In Heaven album is vintage Mercury. After the wimpy opening that could’ve come from Styx or Chicago, Mercury's grandiose vocals kick in, eclipsing the lame melody. Hearing Mercury again, especially in such fine form vocally, is a surprisingly touching experience."
Track listings
7-inch single
A1. "Too Much Love Will Kill You" – 4:20
B1. "We Will Rock You" – 2:00
B2. "We Are the Champions" – 3:00
CD single
"Too Much Love Will Kill You" – 4:20
"Spread Your Wings" – 4:32
"We Will Rock You" – 2:00
"We Are the Champions" – 3:00
US single
A. "Too Much Love Will Kill You" – 4:20
B. "Rock in Rio Blues" (live in Rio, January 1985) – 4:29
Personnel
Freddie Mercury – lead vocals
Brian May – electric guitar, piano, backing vocals
Roger Taylor – drums, backing vocals
John Deacon – bass guitar
David Richards – keyboards, keyboard programming
Charts
Certifications
Music videos
The video for the Brian May version of the song was directed by David Mallet and features May singing the song to the camera, and is intercut with footage from various home movies. The video for the Queen version of the song was directed by DoRo and is a montage-style video of clips mainly from live performances and promo videos, and uses the Promo Edit version of the song.
Other versions
In 2003, May and Luciano Pavarotti performed a rendition of "Too Much Love Will Kill You", at the tenor's benefit concert held in Modena, Italy.
References
External links
Official YouTube videos of Queen version: music video based on short film "Heart-Ache", at Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
Lyrics at Queen official website
1988 songs
1992 singles
1996 singles
Brian May songs
Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
Hollywood Records singles
Music videos directed by David Mallet (director)
Queen (band) songs
Songs released posthumously
Songs written by Brian May
Songs written by Frank Musker | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too%20Much%20Love%20Will%20Kill%20You |
Castelreng is a commune in the department in the Aude department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
Population
Its inhabitants are known as Castelrengois.
See also
Communes of the Aude department
References
Communes of Aude
Aude communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelreng |
Armenian Americans () are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or partial Armenian ancestry. They form the second largest community of the Armenian diaspora after Armenians in Russia. The first major wave of Armenian immigration to the United States took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Thousands of Armenians settled in the United States following the Hamidian massacres of the mid-1890s, the Adana massacre of 1909, and the Armenian genocide of 1915–1918 in the Ottoman Empire. Since the 1950s many Armenians from the Middle East (especially from Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, and Turkey) migrated to the United States as a result of political instability in the region. It accelerated in the late 1980s and has continued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 due to socio-economic and political reasons. The Los Angeles area has the largest Armenian population in the United States.
The 2017 American Community Survey estimated that 485,970 Americans held full or partial Armenian ancestry. Various organizations and media criticize these numbers as an underestimate, proposing 800,000 to 1,500,000 Armenian Americans instead. The highest concentration of Americans of Armenian descent is in the Greater Los Angeles area, where 166,498 people have identified themselves as Armenian to the 2000 Census, comprising over 40% of the 385,488 people who identified Armenian origins in the United States at the time. The city of Glendale, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, is widely thought to be the center of Armenian American life (although many Armenians live in the aptly named "Little Armenia" neighborhood of Los Angeles).
The Armenian American community is the most politically influential community of the Armenian diaspora. Organizations such as Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) and Armenian Assembly of America advocate for the recognition of the Armenian genocide by the United States government and support stronger Armenia–United States relations. The Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) is known for its financial support and promotion of Armenian culture and Armenian language schools.
History
Early history
The first recorded Armenian to visit North America was Martin the Armenian, from Iran. He was an Iranian Armenian tobacco grower who settled in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1618. In 1653–54, two Armenians from Constantinople were invited to Virginia to raise silk worms. A few other Armenians are recorded as having come to the United States in the 17th and 18th centuries, but most moved as individuals and did not establish communities. By the 1770s, over 70 Armenians had settled in the colonies. The persecution of Christian minorities under the Ottoman Empire and American missionary activities resulted in a small wave of Armenian migration to the United States in the 1830s from Cilicia and Western Armenia. Hatchik (Christopher) Oscanyan, a Constantinople American missionary school student, arrived in America in 1835 to pursue higher education. He later worked for the New York Herald Tribune and became the New York Press Club president. Many Armenians followed him and went to the US for education.
During the Civil War three Armenian doctors—Simeon Minasian, Garabed Galstian, and Baronig Matevosian—worked at military hospitals in Philadelphia. The only Armenian known to have participated in hostilities was Khachadour Paul Garabedian, who enlisted in the Union Navy. A naturalized citizen from Rodosto, Garabedian served aboard the blockade ships USS Geranium and USS Grand Gulf as a Third Assistant Engineer and later an officer from 1864 until his honorable discharge from the Navy in August 1865.
The number of Armenians rose from 20 in 1854 to around 70 by the 1870s. According to official statistics, 14 Armenians immigrated to the United States in 1878. In the late 1870s, small Armenian communities existed in New York City, Providence, Rhode Island, and Worcester, Massachusetts. By the late 1880s, their number reached 1,500. Many of them were young male students of the American Evangelical Missions spread throughout the Ottoman Empire. About 40% came from the Province of Kharpert. Before 1899, immigrants were not classified by ethnicity, but rather by country of birth, obscuring the ethnic origins of many Armenians. After 1869, however, Armenians from the eastern regions of the Ottoman Empire were registered as "Armenian" in American records. The number of Armenians who migrated to the United States from 1820 to 1898 is estimated to be around 4,000.
First wave of immigration and the Interwar period
Armenians began to arrive in the United States in unprecedented numbers in the late 19th century, most notably after the Hamidian Massacres of 1894–96, and before, during and after the Armenian genocide. Before this mass migration to the United States, the number of Armenians in the country was from 1,500 to 3,000. The New York Times talked of about 10,000 Armenians in the US in 1895.
Over 12,000 Armenians from the Ottoman Empire went to the United States throughout the 1890s. This period witnessed cultural contact between American and Armenian through Armenian nationalist dissident organizations within the Ottoman Empire and intense activity of American missionaries in the region who were sympathetic to the Armenian cause, making the long road of migration somewhat more bearable. With the exception of Fresno, California, which had land suitable for farming, the earliest Armenian immigrants mostly settled in the northeastern industrial centers, such as New York City, Providence, Worcester, and Boston. Armenian emigrants from the Russian Empire were only a minority in emigration from Armenian lands across the Atlantic (about 2,500 moved in 1898–1914), because Armenians were treated relatively better in Russia than in the Ottoman Empire. Once in America, some Armenians organized political parties to serve various causes in America and in the homeland. Turkish Armenian migration rose gradually in the first decade of the 20th century, partly due to the Adana Massacre of 1909, and the Balkan Wars in 1912–1913. Before the start of the World War I, there were already 60,000 Armenians in the United States. As more Armenians fell victim to the genocide and more Armenians were deported, the Armenian American community grew dramatically.
According to the Bureau of Immigration, 54,057 Armenians entered the United States between 1899 and 1917. The top listed countries of origin were Turkey (46,474), Russia (3,034), Canada (1,577), Great Britain (914), and Egypt (894). Immigrants were asked to indicate which state they were going to settle in; for Armenians, the most popular answers were New York (17,391), Massachusetts (14,192), Rhode Island (4,923), Illinois (3,313), California (2,564), New Jersey (2,115), Pennsylvania (2,002), and Michigan (1,371). The largest Armenian American communities at that time were located in New York City; Fresno; Worcester, Massachusetts; Boston; Philadelphia; Chicago; Jersey City; Detroit; Los Angeles; Troy, New York; and Cleveland.
According to estimates, around 77,980 Armenians lived in the United States by 1919. An unprecedented number of Armenians entered the country in 1920, when the newly established Soviet Union forcefully annexed the First Republic of Armenia, but the Immigration Act of 1924, that restricted immigration from southern and eastern Europe as well as Asia, barred many other Armenians from emigrating to the United States. Most of the post-World War I immigrants were women and children, in contrast to the prewar immigration, which was predominantly young and male. Like Italians, for whom this practice was known as campanilismo, Armenian communities were often formed by people from the same village or town in the Ottoman Empire. This practice almost entirely disappeared after World War II.
In total, 81,729 Armenians entered the United States from 1899 to 1931, according to the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Second wave of immigration
A new wave of Armenian immigrants moved in the late 1940s, including Soviet Armenian prisoners of war who were able to make their way westward after being freed from Nazi camps. The Displaced Persons Act of 1948 allowed people displaced during the World War II to immigrate to the US. From 1944 to 1952, 4,739 Armenians migrated to the United States, many with the help of George Mardikian's American National Committee to Aid Homeless Armenians (ANCHA).
However, the true second wave of immigration did not begin until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished national origins quotas. After the passage of that act, Armenians from the Soviet Union, Turkey, Lebanon, Iran, and other Middle Eastern countries began migrating in large numbers, many fleeing political instability in their host countries. In the 1950s, most Armenian immigrants in the United States were from Soviet Armenia and Turkey. The Istanbul pogrom in 1955 frightened the local Turkish Armenian population, which looked to the West for a safe and more prosperous life.
Soviet Armenians, on the other hand, were mostly genocide survivors who never fully integrated into Soviet life after their repatriation in the 1940s. The large-scale emigration of Soviet Armenians, mainly to Western countries, began in 1956. About 30,000 Soviet Armenians entered the country from 1960 to 1984, and another 60,000 moved throughout the late 1980s, during the Perestroika era. The total number of Soviet Armenian emigrants from 1956 to 1989, over 80% of them to the United States, is estimated at 77,000.
The 15-year-long Lebanese Civil War that started in 1975 and the Iranian revolution of 1979 greatly contributed to the influx of Middle Eastern Armenians to the United States. The Armenian communities in these Middle Eastern countries were well established and integrated, but not assimilated, into local populations. Armenians in Lebanon and Iran are even represented in the parliaments as ethnic minorities. Many lived in luxury in their former countries, and more easily handled multilingualism, while retaining aspects of traditional Armenian culture. This wave of newcomers revitalized the Armenian American community, especially in the Los Angeles area, where most second-wave Armenian immigrants settled. In 1970 about 65,000 Armenians resided in Southern California, and two decades later, in 1989, the number of Armenian Americans was estimated at 200,000. Although the 1980 US Census put the number of Armenians living in Los Angeles at 52,400, of which 71.9% were foreign born: 14.7% in Iran, 14.3% in the USSR, 11.5% in Lebanon, 9.7% in Turkey, 11.7% in other Middle Eastern countries (Egypt, Iraq, Palestine, etc.), and the rest in other parts of the world.
The New York Times estimated 500,000 Armenian-Americans in the 1980s, including 50,000 in the New York metropolitan area.
Contemporary period
Immediately before and continuing into the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, waves of Armenians from Armenia and other former Soviet republics arrived for political reasons and economic opportunities, settling in older established Armenian communities across the country. The 1988 Armenian earthquake and the energy crisis in Armenia during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War caused an estimated number of 700,000 Armenians to leave the country, most of whom ended up in Russia, still others in the United States, and some in Europe. Annually, on average, 2,000 people from Armenia migrated to the US since 1994, not including ethnic Armenians from Middle Eastern countries. According to the 2000 US Census, there were 65,280 Armenian-born people in the United States. Almost 90% had moved in the previous two decades (57,960) and lived in California (57,482). According to the 2011 American Community Survey, there were 85,150 Armenian-born people in the United States, about 20,000 more than in 2000. The Armenian-born population grew to 101,757 by 2019. Meanwhile, Armenian immigration from the Middle East continues, contributing to California's distinction of having, by far, the highest Armenian American population of any state.
According to Dr. Anny Bakalian, "country of birth and childhood socialization, generation, and even cohort effect are important variables in understanding the behavior and attitudes of people of Armenian descent". The main subgroups of foreign-born Armenian Americans are Hayastantsis (Armenians from Armenia), Parskahays (Armenians from Iran), and Beirutsis (Armenians from Beirut, Lebanon). A 1990 University of California, Los Angeles, study showed that, by education and occupation, native-born and Iranian-born Armenians "tend to have the highest socioeconomic status... while those from Turkey have the lowest", although Turkish Armenians boast the highest rate of self-employment. In 1988, The New York Times article claimed that Middle Eastern Armenians prefer to settle in Glendale, California, while Armenian immigrants from the Soviet Union were attracted to Hollywood, Los Angeles.
Armenians from Lebanon, where they had effectively established an active community, are more politicized, while Turkish Armenians are mostly connected with the Armenian Apostolic Church. About 1/3 of all Turkish Armenians in America are self-employed. A group of Armenian Americans from Istanbul founded the Organization of Istanbul Armenians (OIA) in 1976, which claimed over 1,000 members in Southern California as of 2011. Iranian Armenians are known for fast integration into American society; for example, only 31% of Armenian Americans born in Iran claim not to speak English well.
Armenian American criminal organizations have received widespread media attention, such as during the 2010 Medicaid fraud. However, in the city of Glendale, California, where Armenians compose 27% of city's total population, only 17% of the crime in the city were committed by Armenians in 2006.
According to the 2000 US Census, there were 385,488 Americans of Armenian ancestry at that time. The 2017 American Community Survey estimate found 485,970 Americans with full or partial Armenian ancestry. Higher estimates, of 800,000 to 1,500,000, are offered by many Armenian and non-Armenian organizations, media and scholars. The German ethnographer Caroline Thon puts their number at 800,000, a number also offered by Dr. Harold Takooshian of Fordham University. Prof. Dennis R. Papazian of University of Michigan–Dearborn claimed that there were 1,000,000 people of Armenian ancestry living in the US. Armenian Mirror-Spectator, the German news website Spiegel Online, and The New York Review of Books reported the estimate of 1,200,000, while the World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, U.S. News & World Report, and Los Angeles Times put the number at 1,400,000. The Armenian National Committee of America, The Armenian Weekly, The Armenian Reporter, and Reuters offer the highest number, at around 1,500,000 Armenian Americans.
Geographic distribution
Most Armenian Americans are concentrated in major urban areas, especially in California and the Northeast, and to a lesser extent in the Midwest. The highest concentrations of Americans of Armenian ancestry are in Los Angeles, New York, and Boston. According to the 2000 Census, the states with largest Armenian populations were California (204,631), Massachusetts (28,595), New York (24,460), New Jersey (17,094), Michigan (15,746), Florida (9,226), Pennsylvania (8,220), Illinois (7,958), Rhode Island (6,677), and Texas (4,941).
California
The first Armenian arrived in California in 1874 and settled in Fresno. Fresno and the Central Valley in general were the center of California Armenian community, but in the later decades, especially since the 1960s, when significant number of Middle Eastern Armenians arrived in the United States, Southern California attracted more and more Armenians.
Los Angeles and the surrounding area is, by far, the most crowded Armenian community in the United States. It holds a little less than half of all Armenians living in the US, making it one of the most populous Armenian communities outside of Armenia. The estimated numbers of Armenians of Southern California vary greatly: 250,000, 350,000, 400,000, 450,000, 500,000, although the 2000 census reported 152,910 Armenians in Los Angeles County. Just eleven years later, the 2011 American Community Survey one-year estimates put the number of Armenians in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana area 214,618, about 29% growth from 2000. The city of Los Angeles itself had an Armenian population of 64,997 in 2000. Several districts of Los Angeles have high concentrations of Armenians, particularly in San Fernando Valley: North Hollywood, Van Nuys, and Encino. On 6 October 2000, a small community in East Hollywood was named Little Armenia by the Los Angeles City Council. The city council file on the adoption states that "the area contains a high concentration of Armenian businesses and residents and social and cultural institutions, including schools, churches, social, and athletic organizations".
Glendale, just a few miles away from Downtown Los Angeles, has a population of about 200,000, of which, according to some estimates, 40% is Armenian. According to the 2000 Census, 53,840 people, or 27% of the population, identified themselves Armenian in Glendale. Glendale also home to the highest percentage of people born in Armenia. Other than Glendale and Los Angeles proper, significant Armenian populations reside in Burbank (8,312), Pasadena (4,400), Montebello (2,736), Altadena (2,134), and La Crescenta-Montrose (1,382). The Armenian Genocide Martyrs Monument, the oldest and largest Armenian Genocide memorial in the United States, is located in Montebello.
Dr. Seta Kazandjian described the community in her 2006 dissertation as follows:
Fresno, California, was the first major Armenian community in the Western United States. It was a major destination for early Armenian immigrants from the Ottoman Armenia, many of whom were engaged in agriculture. Armenians were the largest minority group in Fresno County. The city is also widely known as the birthplace of William Saroyan, many of whose stories are set there. Today, an estimated number of about 40,000 Armenian live in Fresno. According to the 2000 Census, 9,884 Armenians lived in Fresno County at the time. The area around the Holy Trinity Church is called Old Armenian Town.
The Northern Californian Armenian population is not as populous as the Southern portion of the state. Armenians are mostly concentrated in and around the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. The 2000 Census reported only 2,528 Armenians in San Francisco, but Hayk, the Ubiquitous Armenian, stated that "the actual number is probably much higher, since the census is usually lower than actuals".
Northeast
Armenians came to the Northeastern United States fleeing ethnically motivated violence starting around 1890. When the Hood Rubber Company (later joined with B.F. Goodrich) opened in Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1896, Armenian, Syrian, Greek, and Italian immigrants made Hood Rubber the biggest producer of rubber soles in the United States, and thus made Watertown, MA, the first center of Armenian America.
New York was also a destination for Armenian immigrants in the early 20th century. The area between East 20th Street, Lexington Avenue, and First Avenue, where a compact Armenian population lived and Armenian shops existed, was called "Little Armenia" until the 1960s. The area was mentioned in 1914 book Our Mr. Wren: The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man by Sinclair Lewis (the 1930 Nobel Prize Winner). Today, according to estimates, there are 150,000 Armenians in the Tri-State area. Queens is home to some 50,000 Armenian Americans, Manhattan has 10,000 Armenian population centered in Gramercy Park, Kips Bay, and Murray Hill, where St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral is.
Stepan Zadori, a Hungarian Armenian, is the first known Armenian to come to Boston, The Armenian community in Boston was not founded until the 1880s. Today, estimates say that Armenians number from 50,000 to 70,000 in the Greater Boston area. The Armenian Heritage Park, dedicated to the victims of the Armenian genocide, was opened in downtown Boston on May 22, 2012. Watertown, Massachusetts, is the center of Boston Armenians, where according to estimates about 8,000 people of Armenian origin reside, though the 2000 Census put the number only at 2,708. Worcester, Massachusetts, was also a major center for Armenian immigrants in the early part of the twentieth century. The Armenian Library and Museum of America is located in Watertown. The National Association for Armenian Studies and Research (NAASR) is located in Belmont, and "starting in early 2018, NAASR will undertake top-to-bottom renovations...to transform it into a welcoming hub and first-class Armenian Studies research center for scholars and myriad others, Armenians and non-Armenians alike". Other towns in the area with significant Armenian populations are Worcester (1,306), Belmont (1,165), Waltham (1,091), and the city of Boston (1,080).
Other major northeastern cities with significant Armenian populations include Philadelphia and Providence. Like other Armenian communities in America, Armenian communities in these cities have their roots in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Currently, Philadelphia holds about 15,000 Armenian American population and over 7,000 live in Providence. There is also a small Armenian community in Portland, Maine; this community was founded in 1896 and is currently represented by the Armenian Cultural Association of Maine (ACAME). One of the ACAME's first projects (in 2003) was to build a monument dedicated to the victims of the Armenian genocide, located at the intersection of Cumberland Avenue and Franklin Arterial in Portland.
Other communities
Other sizable Armenian American communities exist in the Midwest and in the South, but in much smaller numbers than the Northeastern states and California.
The early Armenian immigrants in Detroit were mostly laborers. In later decades, particularly since the 1960s, Middle Eastern Armenians immigrated to Michigan. The Armenian community has been described as "highly educated, professional and prospering". Today, they number about 22,000. Chicago's Armenians also first settled in the city in the late 19th century in small numbers, but it increased through the 20th century, reaching about 25,000 by today. As of 2003 more than 8,000 Armenian Americans lived in Washington, D.C. The Armenian Genocide Museum of America is also located in the capital. Since the turn of the century there been a trend towards an increase in number of Armenians living outside of traditional settlement areas. For instance, the number of Armenians in Nevada increased from 2,880 in 2000 to 5,845 in 2010, Florida from 9,226 to 15,856, and Texas from 4,941 to 14,459.
The Pacific Northwest has a growing Armenian community as well, primarily centered around the Seattle Metropolitan area, which consists anywhere from 6,000 to 8,000 Armenian Americans, along with a church. Many of the Armenian Americans in Washington State immigrated to the area in the 1990s and have since established a sizable community, especially in and around the Eastside.
The Salt Lake City, Utah area has about 2,000 Armenians.
Culture
Language
As of 2000, 53% of the Armenians living in the United States speak the Armenian language. For comparison, about 6% of Italian Americans, 32% of Greek Americans, and 70% of Albanian Americans speak their ancestral language.
The Armenian language has two distinct standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian, both widely spoken among the Armenian American community. Armenians from Lebanon, Turkey, Syria, and few other countries speak the Western dialect, which was spoken in Turkish (Western) Armenia, the eastern regions of Turkey with historical Armenian presence. Eastern Armenian is primarily spoken in Armenia and Iran, though the Iranian Armenians have their own dialect; in the United States, speakers of Eastern Armenian are primarily immigrants from the former Soviet Union, who mostly arrived during the 1990s, or their children. Furthermore, Western and Eastern Armenian use two different spellings. In Armenia, the reformed orthography is used, while most Armenians in the diaspora (including Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and Iran) use the classical orthography.
Between 1910 and 1970, the language of only the foreign-born population in the United States was taken into account. In 1910, the number of Armenian speakers in the US was 23,938. It grew up to 37,647 in 1920, 51,741 in 1930, 40,000 in 1940, 37,270 in 1960, and 38,323 in 1970. According to the 1980 US Census, 100,634 people in the nation spoke Armenian, 69,995 of them were foreign-born. The 1990 US Census revealed 308,096 people of Armenian ancestry at the time and 149,694 people who indicated Armenian as their native language. A majority of Armenian-speakers (115,017) were foreign-born.
According to the 2000 US Census, there were 385,488 ethnic Armenians living in the United States, and 202,708 people identified Armenian as 'Language Spoken at Home'. The overwhelming majority of Armenian-speakers lived in California (155,237). Other states with significant number of Armenian-speakers were New York (8,575) and Massachusetts (8,091). About 2/3 of Armenians speakers call Los Angeles County home. The 2009–2013 American Community Survey estimates put the number of Armenian-speakers at 237,840.
A 2007 study showed that 16% of Armenians born in Lebanon, 29% in Armenia (including Soviet Armenia), 31% in Iran, and 36% in Turkey are not proficient in English. Many foreign-born Armenians are multilingual, speaking at least one language other than Armenian and English. For instance, Armenians from Armenia or the rest of the former Soviet Union might know Russian, those from Lebanon and Syria may know Arabic and French, almost all Iranian Armenians speak Persian, and Istanbul Armenians speak Turkish.
A 1999 paper delivered by Bert Vaux described Armenian as "severely endangered" in the United States.
Education
Early Armenian immigrants were one of the most literate ethnic groups to enter the US with 76% literacy. In comparison, 46% of southern Italians, 74% of Eastern European Jews and 99% of Finns were literate. As of 2007, 41% of US-born Armenians had at least a 4-year college degree. The rate is lower for foreign-born Armenians.
The first Armenian Sunday school in the US was founded in the late 1880s in New York by Barsegh Vardukyan. Since the 1960s many Armenian bilingual schools have been established in communities throughout the country. Ferrahian Armenian School, founded in 1964, is the oldest Armenian daily school in America. Besides this, there are over 100 Armenian schools that operate on weekends only. Mashdots College in Glendale, founded in 1992, is the only Armenian higher education institution in the country.
Armenian Americans constitute a highly educated community. Of the 339,732 Armenian Americans who are 25 or above, 26% are with a college degree, and 26.1% hold a bachelor's degree.
Religion
Most Armenian Americans are adherents of the Armenian Apostolic Church, the largest Oriental Orthodox church in the United States. It possesses over 90 churches throughout the nation. It was reported that 80% of Armenian Americans are Armenian Apostolic, 10% are Protestant (mostly Armenian Evangelical), and 3% are Armenian Catholic.
The Armenian Apostolic Church is the oldest national church in the world, and had a major role in protecting the Armenian identity through the centuries of foreign domination. Many Armenian communities in the country are concentrated around churches that serve as community centers. The first Armenian Apostolic church in America, named Church of Our Savior, was built in 1891 in Worcester. The American Diocese of the Church was established in 1898 by Catholicos Mkrtich Khrimian. In 1916 there were 34 Armenian parishes with 27,450 members with a predominantly male population. The top states with Armenian church followers were Massachusetts, Michigan, California and New York. The Western Diocese was established in 1927.
After the Soviets took over Armenia in 1920, the Armenian American community was divided into two camps: one supporting Soviet Armenia (mostly members of the Hunchak and Ramgavar parties), another one against it (mostly made up of ARF members). During the 1933 World's Fair, Leon Tourian, the primate of the Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America, refused to give a speech because the Armenian tricolor of the 1918–1920 Republic was hanging behind him, while Etchmiadzin, the seat of the Catholicos of All Armenians, was in Armenia that was then part of the Soviet Union and used a different flag. This upset the Dashnak members present in the ceremony. The conflict reached a crisis on 24 December 1933, when several members of ARF assassinated Archbishop Tourian during the Christmas Eve service in New York's Holy Cross Armenian Apostolic Church.
On October 12, 1957, during the peak of the Cold War, a number of parishes of the Armenian Apostolic Church in America, which were unaffiliated since 1933, came together under the Holy See of Cilicia with the headquarters in Lebanon, close to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. After the World War II, Archbishop Tiran Nersoyan led the church through a second founding, which saw the framing of by-laws to govern the diocese, the creation of a nationwide youth organization. the initiation of a project to build an Armenian cathedral in Manhattan and the entry of the Armenian Church into the ecumenical movement. The middle 1950s saw an uptick in immigration and a building boom of Armenian churches, with new communities proliferating across the US. A generation of leaders born in America also began to exert itself. The first American-born Armenian priest was ordained in 1956. In 1961, St. Nersess Armenian Seminary was established in Illinois (later, it would move to New York). A spirit of renewed vigor was embodied by Archbishop Torkom Manoogian, who governed the diocese as primate from 1966 to 1990. The period saw a large influx of Armenian immigrants. These developments refocused the priorities of the Armenian Church in America. The need for humanitarian relief to the Armenian homeland, as well as outreach to refugees settling throughout the US (concentrated in New York and Los Angeles), led to the creation of the Fund for Armenian Relief—through which the church delivers material and medical aid to Armenia.
Today, more than 120 Armenian parish communities exist on the continent, with two-thirds operating as fully organized churches with sanctuaries. Archbishop Khajag Barsamian is primate of the Eastern Diocese (since 1990); Archbishop Hovnan Derderian of the Western Diocese (since 2003). The dioceses maintain strong connections to the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, and the current Supreme Patriarch, Karekin II, the 132nd Catholicos of All Armenians.
Armenian Evangelical form the second largest denomination among Armenian Americans, with 1 out of 10 being a follower. As of 1993 there were 28 Armenian Protestant Churches. A small number of Armenian Americans are followers of the Armenian Catholic Church. Their number is estimated to be around 25,000. In 1990 there were 6 Armenian Catholic Churches in the United States.
Media
The first Armenian-language newspaper in the US, named Aregak (Արեգակ, "Sun"), was published in Jersey City in 1888. Over 300 newspapers have been published since then. Today, numerous Armenian newspapers (both in Armenian and English) are published throughout the country. Asbarez (Ասպարէզ, "Arena") is the only daily, published in Los Angeles since 1908. Hairenik (Հայրենիք, "Fatherland") is published since 1899 in Boston. Both are affiliated with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Other notable weeklies include The Armenian Weekly, Armenian Mirror-Spectator, Nor Hayastan (Նոր Հայաստան, "New Armenia"), The Armenian Reporter.
Traditions
Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine in general, is popular among Armenian Americans. A number of restaurants function in the Los Angeles area and other locations with high concentration of Armenian-Americans. Zankou Chicken, a family-owned chain of Armenian and Middle-Eastern fast casual restaurants within the Los Angeles area, is among the most famous Armenian restaurants.
Tens of amateur Armenian folk dance ensembles have been founded in the United States in the last decades.
Homenetmen, an Armenian Revolutionary Federation-affiliated sports organization, is very active in the United States, also engaged in scouting. The Western US branch of Homenetmen holds the Navasartian Games in the Los Angeles area every summer since 1975. Today, it brings together more than 6,000 athletes from 300 teams, 2,000 scouts. More than 35,000 people come to watch the event.
Politics
Early period
All three of the major Armenian political parties of the late 19th century and early 20th century – the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (also known as the ARF or Dashnaktsutyun), the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (Hunchak) and the Armenakan Party (later referred to as Ramgavar) established a presence in the United States shortly after their respective founding; with each running their own newspaper directed at the diaspora community in North America: Hairenik and Asbarez by Dashnaks and Baikar by Ramgavars. After the Bolsheviks invaded and annexed Armenia in 1920, Ramgavars and Hunchaks formed a coalition supporting Soviet Armenia, while the ARF, which had been the ruling party of the Republic of Armenia from 1918 to 1920, remained anti-Soviet in the diaspora. The 1988 Spitak earthquake and the Karabakh movement brought the separate groups of the Armenian community together.
Armenian lobby
The Armenian American community has been described as the "most influential" Armenian community in the world, though smaller in size than the one in Russia. The Armenian American lobby is one of the most influential ethnic lobbies in the United States. The Armenian Assembly of America (AAA) and the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) have as their main lobbying agenda the pressing of Congress and the US president for the reduction of economic and military assistance to Turkey and efforts to include reaffirmation of a genocide by Ottoman Turkey in 1915. According to one scholar, the political clout of the Armenian community in the United States "countervails the powerful big-oil lobby in Washington that promotes Azeri interests".
According to Shawn Dorman, the author of Inside a US embassy, the main goal of Armenian lobby is the "persuasion of US Congress to favor Armenian interests, especially to recognize the Armenian genocide". She then claims that "it had significant role in the United States providing financial support to Armenia. From 1992 to 2010 the US provided nearly $2 billion, the highest per capita amount for a post-Soviet state." Fund for Armenian Relief is a humanitarian organization providing long-term programs focusing on human development. Armenia Fund raises millions of dollars every year for infrastructural development in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh.
In 1992, Dr. Dickran Kouymjian of the California State University, Fresno, stated:
Armenian genocide
The official recognition of the Armenian genocide by the US federal government was seen one of the most vital steps in international and full recognition of the 1915–1923 events. Many Armenians think that the United States has the ability to force Turkey to recognize the past and pay Armenians and Armenia their reparations, that includes (for some) the return of the so-called Wilsonian Armenia to the Republic of Armenia.
Several official US documents describe the events as "genocide" (1975, 1984, 1996); President Ronald Reagan also described the events as "genocide" in a speech on 22 April 1981. On 4 March 2010, the U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs recognized the massacres of 1915 as "genocide". Also, 49 of the 50 US states have made individual proclamations recognizing the events of 1915 to 1923 as genocide.
Armenian Americans gather in multiple towns and cities every year on 24 April for the recognition of the Armenian genocide. The largest of such gatherings occurs in the Los Angeles area. The Armenian National Institute lists 30 Armenian Genocide memorials in the United States; the oldest one is Montebello Genocide Memorial, which was completed in 1965. Khachkars across America were erected in honor of the 1.5 million victims of the Genocide. Recently, the Armenian Heritage Park was opened in Boston, MA.
In 2021, the United States formally recognized the Armenian genocide.
2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
Between 19 to 20 September 2023, the Azerbaijani military launched a large-scale attack on the majority Armenian enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, which led to a mass exodus of about 80% of the region's population. In Los Angeles, members of the Armenian community used a trailer truck to block a major freeway for several hours to draw attention to the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh on 19 September, causing major traffic jams. In this event and several other protests around the same time, they called on US president Joe Biden to withdraw support and impose sanctions against Azerbaijan, and provide humanitarian aid to Nagorno-Karabakh. Actress Kim Kardashian, who is of Armenian descent, called on US President Joe Biden "to stop another Armenian genocide" on social media.
Notable people
Armenians in the United States have attained success and prominence in diverse areas, including business, politics, entertainment, sciences, sports, and the arts.
Arts and entertainment
Rouben Mamoulian was a film and theater director, and also known as co-producer of the first feature film (Becky Sharp, 1935) to use the three-strip Technicolor process. Sev Ohanian is a film screenwriter and producer of Searching, Fruitvale Station, and Run.
Armenian Americans have found a lot of success in the field of entertainment. Singer Cher (born Cherilyn Sarkisian). The metal band System of a Down is composed of four Armenian members of the diaspora: Serj Tankian, Daron Malakian, Shavo Odadjian, and John Dolmayan. Composer Alan Hovhaness, born to an Armenian father and a Scottish-American mother, "wrote more than 400 pieces, among them 67 symphonies of varying quality". Sebu Simonian, one of two founders of the band Capital Cities, is Lebanese Armenian. Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (known by the moniker David Seville) created Alvin and the Chipmunks. In 1959, at the First Grammys, he won 2 awards: Best Recording for Children and Best Comedy Performance. Mike Conners (born Krekor Ohanian) is the actor who starred in the long-running TV series Mannix, for which he earned a Golden Globe award in 1970. His acting career spanned over 6 decades.
Numerous Armenian musicians have been successful in American pop culture. Los Angeles is considered one of the main centers of Armenian music production of the last decades. Armenian-born singers that have lived or live in the United States include rock singer pop singers Harout Pamboukjian and Armenchik.
Andrea Martin, comedian and film and television actor, best known as a regular on the Canadian television comedy show SCTV, and as Aunt Voula in My Big Fat Greek Wedding and My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2, is from a paternal and maternal, Armenian-American family.
Reality TV show star Kim Kardashian is a controversial figure among Armenians. Her father, Robert Kardashian, was an attorney in the O. J. Simpson murder case, and her sisters, Khloe Kardashian and Kourtney Kardashian, and brother Rob Kardashian are also reality television stars.
Literature
Armenian American literature constitutes a diverse body of literature that incorporates American writers of Armenian ancestry. Encompassing a cross section of literary genres and forms, Armenian American writers often incorporate some common themes (e.g., the Armenian genocide) while maintaining very personal literary styles. The New York-based Ararat Quarterly, published since 1959, has been a major venue for Armenian American writing. Ararat is published in English by the AGBU and also includes works by Armenian writers around the world in translation. Prominent Armenian American writers include William Saroyan, Leon Surmelian, A. I. Bezzerides, Michael Arlen, Marjorie Housepian Dobkin, and others. Second generation Armenian American writers include Peter Balakian, Nancy Kricorian, Carol Edgarian, Michael J. Arlen, Arthur Nersesian, Micheline Aharonian Marcom, Hrag Vartanian, and others.
Visual arts
Sculptor Haig Patigian, painter Hovsep Pushman, and most notably, Arshile Gorky (born Vosdanig Adoian) are among the best known American artists of Armenian origin. Other notable figures include sculptor Reuben Nakian, painters John Altoon, Edward Avedisian, Charles Garabedian, Ludwig Mactarian, and Arman Manookian.
In the field of the contemporary art and performance, some notable American artist of Armenian heritage include Nina Katchadourian, Eric Bogosian, Tabboo! (aka Stephen Tashjian), Peter Sarkisian, Aram Jibilian, Linda Ganjian, Dahlia Elsayed, Emil Kazaz, Andrew Ohanesian, and others.
Larry Gagosian is a major art dealer, who owns the Gagosian Gallery. In 2011, the British magazine ArtReview placed Gagosian fourth in their annual poll of "most powerful person in the art world". Syria-born Hrag Vartanian is the founder and editor-in-chief of the art journal Hyperallergic.
Academia, sciences and medicine
Vartan Gregorian, born in Iran, was president of Brown University and the New York Public Library, as well as president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. He was a recipient the National Humanities Medal and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Lawyer Gregory H. Adamian served as president of Bentley University from 1970 to 1991, during which he oversaw dramatic growth of the university.
Aram Chobanian served as president of Boston University from 2003 to 2005.
Richard Hovannisian is a historian and professor emeritus at UCLA.
Khachig Tölölyan, born in Syria, was a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Wesleyan University and is considered a founder of the academic discipline of diaspora studies.
Daron Acemoglu, a Turkish-born economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is one of the most cited economists in the world.
Raymond Damadian, a recipient of the National Medal of Technology, had a significant contribution to the invention of the MRI.
Christina Maranci is the Arthur H. Dadian and Ara Oztemel Professor of Armenian Art and Architecture at Tufts University.
Jack Kevorkian was a controversial pathologist and euthanasia activist, commonly known as "Dr. Death", whose parents were Armenian immigrants. His father, Levon, was born in the village of Passen, near Erzurum, and his mother, Satenig, was born in the village of Govdun, near Sivas.
Dr. Moses Housepian, an Armenian-American physician born in the Armenian village of Kessab in Syria, was a medical relief worker in Russian Armenia during the Armenian genocide. His son, Dr. Edgar Housepian, was a neurosurgeon, educator, and co-founder of the Fund for Armenian Relief.
Biologist Ardem Patapoutian, an Armenian-American born in Lebanon, has won 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch" (jointly with David Julius)
Politicians
A number of Armenians have entered into politics. The first Armenian to hold a high position office was Republican Steven Derounian, a Bulgarian-born Armenian, represented New York from 1953 to 1965 in the House of Representatives. George Deukmejian became the Republican governor of California in 1983 and left the office in 1991. Previously he had served as state assemblyman (1963–1967), state senator (1967–1979), and California Attorney General (1979–1983). A number of Armenian Americans have been elected to state legislatures, especially in California. In Massachusetts, George Keverian served as a representative in the State House, eventually becoming its speaker from 1985 to 1991.
Paul Robert Ignatius served as the US Secretary of the Navy from 1967 to 1969 in the Lyndon Johnson's administration. Ken Khachigian was the chief speechwriter for President Ronald Reagan. He is also known for Reagan's characterization of 1915 events as "genocide" in 1981. Diplomat Edward Djerejian was the US ambassador in Syria then Israel in the 1990s. Harry Tutunjian was the Republican mayor of Troy, New York, from 2003 to 2012. Bill Paparian was elected to the Pasadena City Council in 1987 and became mayor in 1995.
Joe Simitian had been a California state senator since 2004, while Paul Krekorian was elected to the Los Angeles City Council in 2010 from District 2, where the Armenian population of Los Angeles is concentrated. Currently, two congresswoman of Armenian ancestry, Anna Eshoo and Jackie Speier, are in the office, both Democrats from California.
A small number of Armenian Americans moved to Armenia in the early 1990s, some becoming notable in their ancestral homeland. Raffi Hovannisian, a Fresno-born third-generation Armenian American lawyer, moved to Armenia in 1991 and soon was appointed the first foreign minister of Armenia, where he remained until 1992. Today, Hovannisian is a major opposition figure in Armenia and the leader of the Heritage party. Sebouh (Steve) Tashjian, a California Armenian originally from Jerusalem, served as Minister of Energy, while Lebanese-born Gerard Libaridian, a Boston-based historian, was President Levon Ter-Petrosyan's adviser.
Military
Jeffrey L. Harrigian served as commander of United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa in 2019–2022.
Monte Melkonian, a native of California, was a prominent leader of Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. He was posthumously awarded with National Hero of Armenia title.
During World War II, about 18,500 Armenians served in the armed forces of the United States. A number of them were decorated for their service, including Col. Ernest Dervishian, a native of Virginia, who was awarded the Medal of Honor. US Marine Harry Kizirian is considered the most decorated soldier of the state of Rhode Island. Another Marine captain, Victor Maghakian, is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war. The highest-ranking Armenian-American during World War II was Brigadier General Haig Shekerjian (who had previously served in the Pancho Villa Expedition and as an American military attache in the Middle Eastern theater of World War I). He was appointed commanding general of Camp Sibert, Alabama , which was used extensively as the main training camp for chemical warfare troops, and remained in that position until 1945. Shekerjian also gave numerous speeches during the war encouraging Americans of Armenian descent to enlist.
The highest ranking Armenian American to serve in the United States Army is Major General Stephen J. Maranian of Natick, Massachusetts, who served between 1988 and 2023. Maj. Gen. Maranian is a veteran of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and served as the Commandant of the United States Field Artillery School, Commandant of the United States Army War College and later as the Commanding General of the 56th Artillery Command.
Several major figures in the Armenian national liberation movement of the early 20th century lived and/or died in the United States. Among them, were Andranik Ozanian, a military commander who is considered a national hero among Armenians, who lived in Fresno, California, from 1922, and died in California in 1927. Another notable military commander, Garegin Nzhdeh, lived in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1933 to 1937, where he founded the Armenian Youth Federation. Drastamat Kanayan (Dro), the Defense Minister of Armenia from 1918 to 1919, lived in America after World War II and was shortly arrested for collaborating with the Nazis. His funeral ceremony was held in Trinity Church in the City of Boston in 1956. Shahan Natalie, a Dashnak activist, organized the Operation Nemesis in the early 1920s, during which numerous Armenian Genocide perpetrators were murdered. From 1910 to 1912 he studied at the Boston University and died in Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1983.
Sports
Perhaps the best-known American athlete of Armenian descent is tennis player, former no. 1, Andre Agassi. Armenian-born chess players Tatev Abrahamyan and Varuzhan Akobian have represented the US in Chess Olympiad. The first ever Armenian Olympic medalist, Hal Haig Prieste, won a bronze medal diving in 1920 Antwerp Games. The US women's national water polo team won 2010 World Cup and 2012 Olympics under the coaching of Adam Krikorian. Zach Bogosian is the first NHL player of Armenian descent. Coach Jerry Tarkanian built the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), into a "national powerhouse in college basketball" and was included in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2013. Former WWE and ROH World Heavyweight Champion, Seth Rollins, is of Armenian descent on his father's side. Major league pitchers Steve Bedrosian and his son, Cam Bedrosian, are of Armenian descent.
Business
Some notable Armenian Americans in business include the founder of Masco Alex Manoogian, the Mugar family (owner of Star Market chain of supermarkets in New England), Kevork Hovnanian, founder of Hovnanian Enterprises, Avedis Zildjian, the founder of Zildjian Company (the world's largest cymbal manufacturer), Gerard Cafesjian, and Alexis Ohanian (founder of the internet service Reddit). Kirk Kerkorian, known as "the father of the megaresort", was claimed to be the richest man in Los Angeles prior to his death in 2015. Born to Armenian parents in Fresno, Kerkorian had provided over $1 billion for charity in Armenia through his Lincy Foundation. It was established in 1989, and was particularly focused on helping to rebuild northern Armenia after the 1988 Spitak earthquake. The foundation was dissolved in 2011, after 22 years of activity. Christmas Tree Shops, a chain of small stores, was founded by Charles Bilezikian and his wife.
Miscellaneous
Other notable Armenian Americans include astronaut James P. Bagian, who became the first Armenian to travel into space in 1989. It is claimed that he took the Armenian tricolor flag to space with him.
Other notable Armenian Americans also include: Oscar H. Banker (inventor of automatic transmissions for automobiles), and Luther Simjian (inventor of automated teller machines).
Armenian organizations
Armenian Assembly of America – Organization promoting awareness of Armenian issues
Armenian Church Youth Organization of America – Promotes sports amongst Armenian American youth.
Armenia Fund – Los Angeles based fundraising organization for capital improvements in Armenia
Armenian General Benevolent Union – A non-profit Armenian organization founded in Cairo, Egypt; it moved its headquarters to New York City following the onset of World War II.
Armenian lobby in the United States – The umbrella term for the broad coalition of organizations and individuals which coalesces to influence US policy on Armenia
Armenian National Committee of America – The largest grassroots Armenian-American organization in the United States
Armenian Professional Society – Armenian-American professional association founded in 1958 to advance fellowship and education
Armenian Relief Society – a nonsectarian, philanthropic entity benefitting the humanitarian, social and educational needs of both Armenians and non-Armenians. It is a non-governmental organization and has operates in 27 countries, including the United States.
Armenian Students Association – Encourages the educational pursuits of Armenian-Americans.
Armenian Youth Federation United States Chapters – The youth arm of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation's US chapters
Children of Armenia Fund – Foundation set up to reduce rural poverty in Armenia
Fund for Armenian Relief – A New York City-based Humanitarian organization which provides short-term emergency relief and long-term programs focusing on child protection, economic development, education, health, care, and social services
See also
Armenian diaspora
Armenia–United States relations
List of Armenian Americans
Wilsonian Armenia
References
Bibliography
Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, The Polish Experience Through World War II: A Better Day Has Not Come, Foreword: Neal Pease; Lanham MD: Lexington Books, 2013, ; 2015, .
Further reading
Apkarian-Russell, Pamela E. Armenians of Worcester. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2000.
Jordan, Robert Paul and Harry Naltchayan. The Proud Armenians, National Geographic 153, no. 6 (June 1978), pp. 846–873.
Anthony P. Mezoian. The Armenian People of Portland, Maine. (Durham, New Hampshire: University of New Hampshire, 1985
Mirak, Robert. "Armenians." in Thernstrom, Stephan; Orlov, Ann; Handlin, Oscar, eds. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, Harvard University Press, , (1980) pp 136–49. Online
Takooshian, Harold. "Armenian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 151–164. online
Armenian-American history
American
European-American society
Middle Eastern American
American people of Middle Eastern descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian%20Americans |
The siege of Compiègne (1430) was conducted by Duke Philip III of Burgundy after the town of Compiègne had refused to transfer allegiance to him under the terms of a treaty with Charles VII of France. The siege is perhaps best known for Joan of Arc's capture by Burgundian troops while accompanying an Armagnac force during a skirmish outside the town on 23 May 1430. Although this was otherwise a minor siege, both politically and militarily, and ultimately ended in a defeat for the Burgundians, the capture of Joan of Arc was an important event of the Hundred Years' War.
Background
During this era, late in the Hundred Years' War, the politically independent Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, was allied with England under the regency of John, Duke of Bedford (who was the uncle of the child King, Henry VI). These two allies had conquered most of northern France during the preceding ten years. They suffered stunning losses in 1429 to a reinvigorated French army under the joint command of Joan of Arc and Duke John II of Alençon.
The French had defeated the English at Patay on 18 June 1429 and had proceeded northeastward to crown King Charles VII of France at Rheims without further resistance, accepting the peaceful surrender of every town along their path. Compiègne was not along that road – its location is north of Paris – but along with several other cities it declared allegiance to Charles VII shortly after his coronation. It had previously been under Burgundian control.
Events
Preparation
In March 1430 the French court learned that Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, planned to lay siege to the city. The count of Clermont delivered a message to the city that Compiègne was his according to legal treaty and demanded a surrender. Residents of the city expressed strong opposition to the demand and the French garrison commander readied the city for action.
Count John of Luxembourg departed for the expedition in command of the vanguard on 4 April. Philip the Good departed from Péronne on 22 April. Meanwhile, the Duke of Bedford was waiting at Calais for the arrival of King Henry VI of England, a nine-year-old boy who had recently been crowned king of England.
According to Régine Pernoud and Marie-Veronique Clin, Philip the Good planned to retake command of the cities that controlled the Oise river. Bedford supported the strategy in order to protect Île-de-France and Paris, which was then under Anglo-Burgundian control. King Charles VII of France had been hoping for a peace treaty with Burgundy but realized on 6 May that he had been duped by false promises.
Joan of Arc had realized the danger before the king did, and began meeting with a few Royal commanders in the area in an attempt to convince them to come to the city's aid. By April she had convinced several commanders, including and an Italian mercenary commander named Bartolomeo Baretta, resulting in a company of about 300–400 volunteers. She departed for Compiègne, possibly without the king's knowledge, and arrived at the city on 14 May.
Combat
Several minor actions took place in the days that followed. Two days later Captain Louis de Flavy fled artillery bombardment at Choisy-au-Bac and took refuge at Compiègne. On 18 May Joan of Arc's group, which by that point included Regnault of Chartres and the Count of Vendôme, attempted to surprise the Burgundians at Soissons. Residents of Soissons refused them entry and declared allegiance to Burgundy the following day.
On the morning of May 23, the defenders of Compiegne launched an assault against the Burgundians at Margny, attacking an outpost while it was separated from the main force. Count John of Luxembourg noticed the action by chance while taking a survey of the territory and called in reinforcements. These reinforcements outnumbered the attackers and the Armagnac commanders ordered a retreat over the objections of Joan of Arc, who urged them to stand and fight. They refused, and ordered a rearguard to screen the rest of the force as it retreated toward the town. Joan of Arc chose to remain with the rearguard, carrying her banner on her horse.
Capture of Joan of Arc
The next moments remain a source of scholarly debate. The city gate closed before the rearguard could return to the town. This was either a reasonable action to prevent the Burgundians from entering the city after they had seized the end of the bridge; or an act of betrayal by Guillaume de Flavy. In the words of Kelly DeVries, "both the accusers and defenders must in turn either indict or vindicate the character of Compiègne's governor, Guillaume de Flavy, and the role he played in shutting off any escape possibility for Joan of Arc on that day." The French rearguard that remained outside had no means of avoiding capture.
According to the Burgundian chronicler Georges Chastellain and other sources, Burgundian troops soon surrounded the rearguard and shouted at Joan of Arc to surrender, eager to capture such a famous figure. She refused. Finally, a Burgundian crossbowman, "a rough and very sour man", maneuvered his horse behind her and "grabbed the edge of her cloth-of-gold doublet, and threw her from her horse flat to the ground".
She then surrendered to Lionel, Bastard of Vendôme, who was in the service of the Count of Ligny.
Guillaume de Flavy was blamed by some sources for allegedly ordering the drawbridge raised behind the rearguard. Although the defense of Compiègne was eventually successful several months later when the Burgundian army was forced to withdraw, nonetheless accusations of misconduct regarding Joan of Arc's capture caused the decline of de Flavy's career.
Footnotes
Citations
References
Further reading
Joan of Arc bibliography
1430 in Europe
1430s in France
Compiegne 1430
Compiegne 1430
Compiegne 1430
Conflicts in 1430
History of Oise
Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453
Joan of Arc | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Compi%C3%A8gne |
Raye Birk (born May 27, 1943, Flint, Michigan) is an American film and television actor. He appeared as Pahpshmir in the first and last of the Naked Gun movies, and his television appearances include The Wonder Years, The Golden Girls, Wings, and Cheers, where he portrayed the mailman Walt Twitchell.
Career
Birk appeared as the main villain in Naked Gun : The Final Insult. He has also guest starred in Due South as the terrorist Francis Bolt in the Episodes "All the Queens Horses", "Red, White and Blue", "Call of the Wild Part One" and "Call of the Wild Part Two". He also had roles in the X-Files and Babylon 5. His other film credits include roles in Best Defense (1984), Amazon Women on the Moon (1987), Throw Momma from the Train (1987), Doc Hollywood (1991) and Star Trek: Insurrection (1998).
In addition to these roles, he had a frequently occurring role as the assistant principal Mr. Diperna on The Wonder Years; starting with the pilot episode, when he had a conference with Kevin Arnold's parents for throwing food in the cafeteria. (He originally read for the role of Coach Ed Cutlip). While generally antagonist, a more sympathetic role on the show was seen in the award winning episode "Goodbye" where he confides in Kevin that he is Kevin's new math teacher as Kevin's hardnosed algebra teacher has just died. He also was on a pair of Home Improvement episodes as one of Tim's poker buddies. Raye appeared in several episodes on the TV series Night Court. He appeared twice on The Golden Girls, both times playing a wedding caterer.
Furthermore, in 1985, 1986 and 1992, he appeared in three episodes of Cheers as Walt Twitchell, a mailman who got into minor altercations with Cliff Clavin. Birk reprised the role of Twitchell in a 2002 episode of the Cheers spinoff series, Frasier, in which the title character (played by Kelsey Grammer) returned to Boston and re-acquainted himself with old friends from the bar. He played a recurring role on Coach as university band director Riley Pringle from 1989 to 1993. He also appeared in an episode of Mr. Belvedere as an accordion player.
From 2004 to 2008, he played Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1943 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Michigan
Actors from Flint, Michigan
Living people
Jewish American male actors
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raye%20Birk |
Daniel Philip "Dapper Dan" Howley (October 16, 1885 – March 10, 1944) was a Major League Baseball manager with the St. Louis Browns and the Cincinnati Reds. His first year as manager of the Browns saw his team lose 94 games and finish games behind the legendary 1927 New York Yankees. He stayed two more years in St. Louis, with his best year coming in , finishing in third place. In 1929, he was hired by the Reds, but he averaged 95 losses in three years, leading to his dismissal. He finished his career with a lifetime 397–524 record (.431 winning percentage).
He was a four-time manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League, leading the team in 1918, 1923–1926, 1933, and 1937, winning the league pennant in 1918 and 1926. Howley was inducted into the International League Hall of Fame.
Prior to his managing career, Howley was a major league catcher for part of the season for the Philadelphia Phillies. He later served as a coach for the Detroit Tigers for three seasons, 1919 and 1921–22. Howley also acted as the first base umpire in a July 1922 game.
Howley died of a heart attack in his birthplace of Weymouth, Massachusetts at age 58.
Managerial record
References
External links
1885 births
1944 deaths
Major League Baseball catchers
Philadelphia Phillies players
St. Louis Browns managers
Cincinnati Reds managers
Montreal Royals managers
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) managers
Sportspeople from Weymouth, Massachusetts
Baseball players from Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Detroit Tigers coaches
Boston Red Sox scouts
Grand Rapids Wolverines players
Indianapolis Indians players
Portland Beavers players
Montreal Royals players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Hartford Senators players
New Bedford Whalers (baseball) players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Howley |
Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company, originally called The Bridgewater Foundry, specialised in the production of heavy machine tools and locomotives. It was located in Patricroft, in Salford England, close to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the Bridgewater Canal and the Manchester Ship Canal. The company was founded in 1836 and dissolved in 1940.
Nasmyth
The company was founded in 1836 by James Nasmyth and Holbrook Gaskell. Nasmyth had previously been employed in Henry Maudslay's workshop in Lambeth and his interest was mainly, but not limited to, specialist machine tools.
Modern materials handling
The Bridgewater Foundry is an example of modern materials handling that was part of the evolution of the assembly line.
The buildings were arranged in a line with a railway for carrying the work going through the buildings. Cranes were used for lifting the heavy work, which sometimes weighed in the tens of tons. The work passed sequentially through to the erection of the framework and final assembly.
Locomotives
The company produced nine locomotives in 1839, thirteen in 1840, eight in 1841 and sixteen in 1842. These were sub-contracted from other makers such as Edward Bury, and produced to their designs. Those for the Midland Counties and London and Southampton Railways were 2-2-0 with driving wheels and cylinders, similar to those railway's Bury machines. (One Midland Counties locomotive was 2-2-2, and had smaller drivers, with and cylinders.) In 1841 the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway had found some American Norris 4-2-0 locomotives very successful, especially on the notorious Lickey Incline, and the company built six similar ones for the line.
Expansion
In 1850 the name of the firm was changed to James Nasmyth and Company, then in 1857 to Patricroft Ironworks. In 1867 Robert Wilson and Henry Garnett became the principal partners and the company's name changed again to Nasmyth, Wilson and Company.
From about 1873 the demand for locomotives from overseas increased. By 1938 over locomotives had been produced, over one thousand of which were exported.
In 1883, Nasmyth Wilson and Co. produced the very first design of Prairie or 2-6-2 locomotives in the world, for the New Zealand Railways Department. These locomotives entered traffic between 1885 and 1890 after a somewhat rough start. several were dumped in rivers as flood protection in the 1920s, and have since been exhumed for preservation.
Decline and closure
During World War I the factory was mainly engaged in munitions work, but it built twenty 2-8-0 locomotives for the French Chemin de fer de l'État (140-251 to 140-270) and 32 for India, along with a hundred small petrol driven locomotives.
Sales continued after the end of the war but by the early 1930s orders had begun to dwindle. In 1934 the works supplied four standard gauge N class 0-6-0T shunters to Palestine Railways. These were evidently satisfactory as Palestine Railways bought four more in 1935, two in 1936 and a final pair in 1938.
The last locomotive order was for two 2-6-4T metre gauge tank locomotives, Works No. 1649 and 1650, dispatched in 1938 to the South Indian Railways. Only two other locomotives were produced in 1938; these were the last pair of N class 0-6-0Ts for Palestine Railways, Works No. 1651 and 1652.
As part of a planned reorganisation of the industry, the company ceased manufacture of locomotives and handed over all its drawings and patterns to the British Locomotive Manufacturers Association. The company continued to make steam hammers and machine tools.
On 1 June 1940 the Ministry of Supply took over the factory and it became an engineering Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Patricroft. The company, however, was formally wound up on 7 November 1940, having reported a loss of £2,663 for 1939.
In 1987, the Royal Ordnance Factories were bought by British Aerospace and in 1989 the Patricroft engineering works was closed down. The site, including some of the original buildings, is now used as a business and technology centre.
By 2009, a large section (the central building) had been demolished.
Locomotive production list
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Machine tool builders
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies established in 1836
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1940
Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Salford
1836 establishments in England
1940 disestablishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasmyth%2C%20Gaskell%20and%20Company |
There is no recorded history of printed newspaper prior to Rana rule in Nepal. The first-hand press was imported by Jung Bahadur Rana after his visit to Europe; however, it was used only after 58 years for printing. It was used to print religious books and government notices.
The first Nepali language newspaper named Gorkha Bharat Jeewan was published in 1886 BS from Banaras. It was a monthly paper edited by Ram Krishna Barma. However, the printed copies of this magazine has not been found yet. Sudha Sagar was the first media printed in Nepal. It was published monthly from Thahiti Kathmandu. It started in Shrawan, . It was edited by Pandit Naradev Pandey, Moti Krishna Sharma, and Kapil Dev. Sudha Sagar was discontinued shortly afterwards. In 1901, the same editor, Nardev and Moti, started Gorkhapatra though Pashupat press from Thahiti, Kathmandu.
Before Rana period
There is no recorded history of newspapers prior to the Rana rule.
During Rana rule
The list of newspaper published during the Rana rule are listed below:
Sudha Sagar
Gorkhapatra
Sharada
Udhyog
Sahitya Shrot
Gharelu Ilam Patrika
Shikshya
Kathmandu Municipal Patrika
Nepal Shikshya
Ankha
Purusartha
Jagaran Weekly
Duniyakokhabar Weekly
After abolishment of Rana rule
There were about 170 newspapers prior to the Panchyat era and after the abolishment of Rana rule. Some of them are:
Awaj was the first daily newspaper of Nepal. It was published in Falgun 8, 2007 BS, just one day after the establishment of democracy. It was published in Kathmandu. Gorkhapatra was published weekly at that time.
Nepal Guardian was the first English monthly published from Kathmandu in .
Motherland, an English daily, was started in January 1958. It was discontinued in 1990.
During Panchayat period
In the Panchayat era, newspaper were divided into either pro-Panchayat or anti Panchayat.
Gorkhapatra became daily from 7 Falgun 2017 BS ()
Note: Popular newspapers such as Samaj daily, Chetana weekly, Motherland, Halkhabar, and Diyala were shut down in this period.
Democratic era
The constitution of Nepal 2047 BS, guaranteed press freedom and the right to information to people. Two major newspapers Kantipur and The Kathmandu Post were published by the private sector were published in . The list of notable current newspaper is below.
Online-only
|eNtertainmentkhabar
|sahitya sarobar Media (P) LTD.
|2075-10-05
See also
Media of Nepal
Newari Newspaper
References
Nepal
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Nepal |
Richard Franklin Vander Veen (November 26, 1922 – March 3, 2006) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Early life and education
Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Vander Veen attended the local public schools and graduated from Muskegon High School in 1940. He earned a B.S from the University of South Carolina in 1946 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1949. He was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1949 and commenced practice in Grand Rapids. In 1951, he, Walter Freihofer and George Cook formed what was to become the third-largest law firm in Grand Rapids. He retired from the law firm when he was elected to Congress. He is a relative of musician Anthony Kiedis.
Military service
With the outbreak of World War II, Vander Veen enlisted in the United States Navy in January 1941 and served until 1946, seeing active duty in the South Pacific Theater. He also served in the Korean War from 1950 to 1952 with the rank of lieutenant (junior grade).
Political career
In 1958, Vander Veen made an unsuccessful bid as the Democratic Party candidate to unseat incumbent Republican U.S. Representative Gerald Ford in Michigan's 5th congressional district. He became chair of the Michigan Fifth District Democratic Party in 1959 and was an unsuccessful candidate in the Democratic primary election for Lieutenant Governor of Michigan in 1960, losing to T. John Lesinski. He was chairman of the Michigan State Democratic Convention in 1960, and was a delegate to the state conventions in 1962 and 1964. He served on the Michigan State Mental Health Commission, 1958–1963, and the Michigan State Highway Commission, 1964–1969. In 1969, he was elected to the East Grand Rapids Board of Education.
After Gerald Ford resigned his House seat in 1973 to become Vice President of the United States, Vander Veen was elected in a special election on February 18, 1974, to fill Ford's seat in the 93rd Congress. Vander Veen's election was seen as a stunning upset in what had historically been one of the most Republican urbanized districts in the country. The Republican candidate, Robert VanderLaan, was the Republican leader of the Michigan Senate and, up to that point, had never lost an election. Vander Veen turned the election into a referendum on the increasingly unpopular U.S. President Richard Nixon. He stopped campaigning directly against his opponent, and instead took out newspaper advertisements "in which he promised to do his utmost to dislodge Nixon and turn the presidency over to Ford, a political folk hero in the district." This upset caused a panic in the Republican Party leadership, as it appeared to foreshadow more losses for the party in the November elections. Political analyst Larry Sabato writes in his Crystal Ball newsletter that Vander Veen's capture of Ford's district, long thought to be solidly Republican, after Ford had been elevated to the Vice Presidency was an electrifying victory that foreshadowed the Democratic Watergate landslide of November 1974. (see also 1974 Midterm Senate and House elections)
Vander Veen was reelected in November 1974 to a full term in the 94th Congress, but lost his seat in 1976 to Republican Kent County prosecuting attorney Harold S. Sawyer. His 35-month tenure was the only time that the Grand Rapids-based district was out of Republican hands from 1913 until Hillary Scholten won the seat, by now renumbered as the 3rd district, in 2022.
In 1978, Vander Veen ran for the United States Senate, but lost his bid for the Democratic nomination to Carl Levin, who went on to win the general election in November.
Vander Veen formed two environmental companies: Resource Energy and Enigered. In 1990, he founded the Ryerson Library Foundation, and served as its president.
After his service in Congress, Vander Veen served as a member of the Michigan State Waterways Commission. Vander Veen died of prostate cancer at his home in East Grand Rapids at the age of 83.
References
External links
The Political Graveyard
Congressman Vern Ehlers' note to Members of Congress about the death of former Congressman Vander Veen
1922 births
2006 deaths
Politicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan
American people of Dutch descent
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan
20th-century American politicians
School board members in Michigan
People from East Grand Rapids, Michigan
Harvard Law School alumni
University of South Carolina alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Vander%20Veen |
Dokkoida?!, known in Japan as is a comedic Japanese light novel series about a boy, , who is hired by a preteen space alien girl, Tanpopo, to try out an experimental new suit developed by the intergalactic toy company that she works for. Suzuo agrees to work for her since he is unemployed and needs the job to pay the rent. The suit gives him super powers, with which he fights bad guys and people from rival intergalactic toy companies and organizations.
The novels were written by Taro Achi, with illustrations by Yu Yagami. The novels were adapted into a three-volume manga series with the same name, by the same authors and published by Dengeki Bunko, and an anime series, directed by Hitoyuki Matsui and Takuya Nonaka, produced by Ufotable, and aired by Mainichi Broadcasting System.
The Dokkoida anime was licensed by Geneon Entertainment for Region 1 distribution, and the manga adaptation was licensed by DC Comics under the CMX imprint; the original light novel series has not been licensed for distribution in North America. The anime series is now licensed by Sentai Filmworks and is currently streaming on HIDIVE.
Episodes
References
Further reading
External links
Official website
American release
1999 Japanese novels
2000 manga
2003 anime television series debuts
Anime and manga based on light novels
ASCII Media Works manga
CMX (comics) titles
Dengeki Bunko
Dengeki Comic Gao!
Geneon USA
Kadokawa Dwango franchises
Light novels
Mainichi Broadcasting System original programming
Science fiction anime and manga
Sentai Filmworks
Shōnen manga
Television shows based on light novels
Ufotable | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokkoida%3F%21 |
This is a list of newspapers in Oman.
Al-Shabiba
Alwatan
Oman Daily Observer - English & Arabic
Muscat Daily - English
Times of Oman - English
The Arabian stories - English & Arabic
Al Roya - Arabic
Out of Print
Oman Tribune - English
TheWeek - published Wednesdays, English
Azamn
See also
List of newspapers
References
External links
Oman
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Oman |
Enderby Outside, first published in 1968 in London by William Heinemann, is the second volume in the Enderby series of comic novels by Anthony Burgess.
Plot summary
After a suicide attempt at the very end of Inside Mr. Enderby, the second novel opens with the protagonist under psychiatric care and working as a bartender at a large London hotel. Under the name of 'Hogg' (his stepmother's maiden name, we learn), he is persuaded to renounce the creation of poetry as an adolescent preoccupation and to pursue useful work.
Hogg-Enderby, bereft of his stock of capital and now divorced, is forced to earn his keep and finds that the poetic muse has left him. He also finds that his work has been plagiarised, again, by a certain rock singer named Yod Crewsey - whose band, the Crewsey Fixers, are managed and groomed by his former wife.
After being implicated in the public murder of Crewsey during a banquet at the hotel, Enderby-Hogg goes on the run to Morocco - to the bar of a rival poet named Rawcliffe. Assuming control and ownership of Rawcliffe's property upon his death, and the death of his 'Hogg' persona, Enderby realises that his muse is returning.
Novels by Anthony Burgess
1968 British novels
British comedy novels
Novels set in hotels
Novels set in Morocco
Heinemann (publisher) books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enderby%20Outside |
Monte Alegre de Goiás is a municipality in northeastern Goiás state, Brazil.
Location
Monte Alegre is located in the statistical micro-region of Chapada dos Veadeiros and is 31 kilometers south of the border with Tocantins. G0-118 connects it with Teresina de Goiás and Campos Belos de Goiás. It is 568 kilometers from the state capital, Goiânia. Highway connections from Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / BR-060 / Alexânia / Planaltina / GO-118 / BR-010 / São João d'Aliança / Alto Paraíso de Goiás / BR-010 / GO-118 / Teresina de Goiás. Municipal boundaries are with the state of Tocantins, Campos Belos de Goiás, Cavalcante, São Domingos, Divinópolis de Goiás, and Nova Roma
The Serra da Contenda lies north of the region. The vegetation is mainly cerrado with tropical forest along the rivers. The Sumidouro forest, with 50 caves, is 90% preserved. There are many rivers: Rio Paranã, Manso, São Domingos, Bezerra, Prata, Sarzeda and Pagão. All of these rivers flow north to join the Paranã and eventually the Tocantins.
Demographics
The population in 2007 was smaller than in 1980, having lost around 200 inhabitants. From 2000 to 2005 there was a loss of 2.03%.
The economy
The economy is based on cattle raising with 90,000 head of cattle. Many residents work for the government and there is a small commercial sector. In 2007 there was 1 industrial unit and 36 retail units. There was 1 banking institution: Banco Itaú S.A.
In 2006 there were 121,200 head of cattle, of which 5,400 were milk cows. The main agricultural products in planted area were rice, sugarcane, beans, manioc, and corn (1,800 hectares). Most of the corn is grown for cattle feed during the dry months of the summer.
Agricultural data 2006
Farms: 695
Total area: 175,147 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 442 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 4,477 ha.
Area of natural pasture: 92,754 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 66,983 ha.
Persons dependent on farming: 2,200
Number of tractors: 156
Cattle herd: 90,000
Main crop: corn with 1,850 planted hectares IBGE
Health and education
In 2007 there was 1 hospital with 15 beds. The infant mortality rate was 45.34 in every 1,000 live births in 2000. This was much higher than the state average. There were no institutions of higher learning. The adult literacy rate was 75.8% in 2000, one of the lowest in the state.
Monte Alegre de Goiás is one of the poorest municipalities in the state. It ranked third from last place in the MHDI.
Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M): 0.626
State ranking: 240 (out of 242 in 2000)
National ranking: 4,205 (out of 5,507 in 2000) Source: Frigoletto
History
Monte Alegre de Goiás was founded because of the search for gold. The first settlers arrived around 1769 in a place called Morro do Chapéu. A chapel was built to honor Santo Antonio, giving the town the name Santo Antônio do Morro do Chapéu. The bandeirantes, who came up from São Paulo, brought 2,000 Negro slaves with them. In 1957 the municipality of Chapéu had its name changed to Monte Alegre de Goiás. There are settlements nearby founded by runaway slaves. These Afro-Brazilians are known as Kalunga. They live on the slopes of the Paranã River and in valleys called "vãos". Today they live in the municipalities of Cavalcante, Monte Alegre de Goiás, and Teresina de Goiás. Their small settlements are Contenda, Kalunga, Vão das Almas, Vão dos Moleuqes, and Ribeirão dos Bois.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Alegre%20de%20Goi%C3%A1s |
Non-coherent space time codes are a way of transmitting data in wireless communications.
In this multiple antenna scheme, it is assumed that the receiver only has knowledge of the statistics of channel.
Non-coherent space-time transmission schemes were proposed by Tom Marzetta and Bertrand Hochwald in 1999, but these schemes are complex in terms of implementation.
References
Data transmission | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noncoherent%20STC |
Paradisus Puerto Rico is the first all-inclusive resort in Puerto Rico, located in the municipality of Río Grande in the Coco Beach area. Construction began on the hotel by the Sol Melia hotel chain in 2002 at a $100 million investment. The resort opened in March 2004 with a lagoon-style swimming pool, three tennis courts, a fitness center, a full-service spa, an air-conditioned amphitheatre, two 18-hole golf courses, and a casino.
References
External links
puertoricoparadisus.com - official site.
Seaside resorts in Puerto Rico
Río Grande, Puerto Rico
2004 establishments in Puerto Rico
Hotel buildings completed in 2004
Golf in Puerto Rico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradisus%20Puerto%20Rico |
Most of the early newspapers in the Persian Gulf region were established in Saudi Arabia. The first newspaper founded in the country and in the Persian Gulf area is Al Fallah, which was launched in Mecca in 1920. All of the newspapers published in Saudi Arabia are privately owned.
Arabic daily newspapers
Al-Bilad
Al Eqtisadiah
Al Hayat
Al Jazirah
Al Madina
Al Nadwa
Al Riyadeyyah
Al Riyadh
Al Watan
Al Yaum
Makkah News Paper
Asharq Al Awsat
Okaz
English daily newspapers
Arab News
Saudi Gazette
Urdu daily newspaper
Urdu News
Malayalam daily newspapers-Kerala
Malayalam News
Dammam edition
Jeddah edition - launched in 1999
Riyadh edition
Madhyamam
Abha edition - 1 January 2011
Dammam edition - 24 May 2008
Jeddah edition - 16 January 2006
Riyadh edition - 10 December 2007
Gulf Thejas
Dammam edition - March 2011
Jeddah edition - March 2011
Riyadh edition - March 2011
Chandrika
Defunct daily newspapers
These newspapers are no longer published:
Akhbar Al Dhahran (1954–1956)
Riyadh Daily (1967–1 January 2004)
Shams
See also
List of magazines in Saudi Arabia
Media of Saudi Arabia
List of companies of Saudi Arabia
References
External links
Saudi Arabia
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Saudi%20Arabia |
A Kid from Tibet () is a 1991 Hong Kong martial arts-action film directed by and starring Yuen Biao. The film features two more former members of the Seven Little Fortunes: Yuen Wah as an evil sorcerer and a cameo appearance from Jackie Chan. A Kid From Tibet is Yuen's only credit as director. It was filmed in Taiwan, Hong Kong and partly on location in Tibet.
Plot
When the evil "Black Section of Esoteric Buddhism" had tried to invade Tibet years ago, the Tibetan monks used a powerful magical item, the "Babu Gold Bottle" to expel them. The Tibetan master (Wu Ma) has the bottle's cap and wishes to reunite it with the bottle as the Black Section are stirring once more. He sends a young monk, Wong La (Yuen Biao) to Hong Kong to recover the sacred bottle, which is in the possession of a crippled lawyer.
Wong meets and protects a woman, Chiu Seng-Neng (Michelle Reis) who is acting as the agent for the lawyer, and the Black Section fight to gain the magical bottle for themselves.
The leader of the Black Section (Yuen Wah) learns of the intended hand-over, and seeks to get the Babu Gold Bottle for himself.
Cast
Yuen Biao as Lo Ba Wong La
Michelle Reis as Chiu Seng-neng
Yuen Wah as Black Section Sorcerer
Nina Li Chi as Sorcerer's Sister
Roy Chiao as Lawyer Robinson
Michael Dingo as Michael
Wu Ma as Wong's Master
Billy Lau as Airport Security Guard / Jail Warden
Lau Chau-sang (Fung Lee) as Tibetan henchman
Lay Kah as Tibetan henchman
Jackie Chan as Airport Passenger
Kingdom Yuen as Mimi
Gabriel Wong as Mimi's lover
Anthony Carpio as Black Section Sorcerer's Henchman
Jack Wong
Corey Yuen
Lee Ming-yeung as Mr. Bao
Bruce Law
See also
List of Hong Kong films
Jackie Chan filmography
External links
1991 action films
1991 martial arts films
Hong Kong action films
Hong Kong martial arts films
1990s Cantonese-language films
Films set in Hong Kong
Films about Tibet
Films shot in Hong Kong
1990s Hong Kong films
Films about Buddhism
1991 directorial debut films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Kid%20from%20Tibet |
The Battle of Sauchieburn was fought on 11 June 1488, at the side of Sauchie Burn, a stream about south of Stirling, Scotland. The battle was fought between the followers of King James III of Scotland and a large group of rebellious Scottish nobles including the future Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home, who were nominally led by the king's 15-year-old son, James, Duke of Rothesay. James III was killed in the battle, and his son succeeded him as James IV.
Father and son
James III had faced rebellion for months, with a complicated series of events leading to Sauchieburn. The rebels having made James, Duke of Rothesay their figurehead earlier in the year, James III became determined to get hold of his son and settle the matter. However he broke his written word that he would negotiate first, instead travelling south to Edinburgh from his stronghold in the north. This breaking of his word apparently caused some of his strong supporters to desert him, such as Huntly, Erroll, Marishal, and Glamis; they adopted a neutral stance on the issues. In May, James crossed the river to use Blackness as a base, with the Duke of Rothesay at Linlithgow. However, attempts to reach the prince at Linlithgow were defeated in a small skirmish, and James was forced back to Blackness, from where he fled, leaving behind those he had given as hostages to the rebels. By 16 May he was back in Edinburgh, and began spreading money around to raise supporters, including to his half uncle, John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl. At this point the rebels were geographically split, some at Stirling, some at Linlithgow. James again took the initiative with a sudden move over to Fife with his supporters and their men, advancing on Stirling, where on 10 June he took the rebels by surprise, driving them southwards. This left James with the town of Stirling, perhaps not the castle, from where he advanced on 11 June to meet the combined forces of the rebels driven from Stirling and those who had come from Linlithgow in support. To aid him in battle he had the sword of Robert the Bruce with him. Dr John Ireland heard the King's confession. His army was arrayed by the advocate John Ross of Montgrenan and battle began.
The battle went badly for the Royalists. Persistent legends, based on the highly coloured and unreliable accounts of sixteenth-century chroniclers such as Adam Abell, Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, John Lesley, and George Buchanan, claim that James III was assassinated at Milltown, near Bannockburn, soon after the battle. There is no contemporary evidence to support this account, nor the allegation that he fled the battle, nor the tale that his assassin impersonated a priest in order to approach James.
Pitscottie provided a story that, on the eve of the battle, his ancestor David Lord Lindsay of the Byres presented James III with a "great grey horse" that would carry him faster than any other horse into or away from the battle. Unfortunately, the horse threw the King during the battle, and James III was either killed in the fall, or was finished off by enemy soldiers.
The Duke of Rothesay ascended to the throne, and reigned as King James IV for 25 years. James IV bore intense guilt for the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father. He decided to do penance for his sin, constantly wearing an iron belt around his waist, next to the skin, to which he added weight every year throughout his life.
The battlefield is currently under research to be inventoried and protected by Historic Scotland, under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009.
Participants
Some of the participants in the Battle of Sauchieburn included:
Royalists:
Alexander Cunningham, 1st Earl of Glencairn, slain in the battle;
Malise Graham, 1st Earl of Menteith;
David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose;
Lord Erskine;
Lord Graham;
Lord Maxwell;
Sir William Ruthven, 1st Laird of Ruthven;
David Lindsay, 2nd Lord Lindsay who, in a later chronicle account, gave James III the horse that threw him;
Sir Thomas Sempill of Eliotston, Sheriff of Renfrew, killed in battle;
William Douglas of Cavers and his followers.
Roger Grierson I of Lag, Fatally wounded
The troops were largely from Scotland's northern counties, plus some burgh levies.
Rebels:
Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home;
Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus;
Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell;
Lord Gray;
Lord (Hugh) Mongomerie, 1st Earl of Elington;
The troops were largely from East Lothian, the Merse, Galloway, and the border counties.
References
External links
The History of Stirlingshire, Chapter XI. Battle of Sauchieburn (1488)
Stirling Council's Archaeologist Dr Murray Cook gives a brief lecture on the battle
1488 in Europe
Battles involving Scotland
15th century in Scotland
Conflicts in 1488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Sauchieburn |
William Fairbairn and Sons, was an engineering works in Manchester, England.
History
William Fairbairn opened an iron foundry in 1816 and was joined the following year by a Mr. Lillie, and the firm became known as Fairbairn and Lillie Engine Makers, producing iron steamboats.
Their foundry and millwrighting factory burned down on 6 August 1831 with damage estimated at £8,000. The business survived this event.
Shipbuilding
In 1830, they built the iron paddle-steamer Lord Dundas, for use on the Forth and Clyde Canal. She proved so successful that the firm built eight more of a larger size within the next two or three years for Scottish canals, two passenger-boats with 40 horsepower engines for the Humber and two for the lakes of Zurich and Walenstadt in Switzerland, which, after being tried, were sent out dismantled.
In 1831, they built the Manchester, in 1832, La Reine des Beiges, with engines of 24 horsepower, which went from Liverpool to Ostend. In 1834, they built the , with 40 horsepower. Minerva was sent in pieces to Hull where she was assembled. She then made the voyage to Rotterdam in 33 hours, and steamed up to the Rhine Falls, where she was again dismantled and carried overland to Lake Zurich.
The difficulties which were found to exist in an inland town like Manchester for the construction of iron vessels led to this branch of the business moving to London in the years 1834-5. There at Millwall on the Isle of dogs, William Fairbairn constructed more than eighty vessels of various sizes, including the Pottinger, of 1250 tons and 450 horsepower, for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, the Megaera and other vessels for the Royal Navy, and many others. Thus introducing iron shipbuilding on the River Thames. Until in 1848 when Fairbairn retired from this branch of his business.
Railway locomotives
When Mr. Lillie left the firm in 1839, the name changed to William Fairbairn & Sons and the company's attention turned to railway locomotives.
Their first designs were of the four-wheeled "Bury" type, built for the Manchester and Leeds Railway. Generally they built to the design of the customer or similar to those being produced by Edward Bury and Company and Sharp, Roberts and Company.
In all they produced over sixty-nine locomotives for the M&LR, their main customer, but they also built for the "little" North Western Railway and for lines in Ireland. Their production was mainly lightweight 0-4-0, then 2-2-2, 2-4-0 and 0-4-2 engines typical of the day. One example of a Fairbairn locomotive, a small 2-2-2 tank engine, is preserved, in Rio de Janeiro.
In 1852, Fairbain delivered four locomotives to Estrada de Ferro Mauá, Brazil's first railway company, the four of them said to be 2-2-2T. The locomotive first used during the railway line construction works was one called Manchester, but the one to pull Mauá Railway's - and therefore Brazil's - inauguration train 30 April 1854 was the one called Baroneza (modern spelling is "Baronesa"). It is not known if the three others still were in use in 1883, the year "Baronesa" was surrendered to DPII where she was regauged from - some literature says it was - to and numbered #1. In 1890, due to the proclamation of the Republic, DPII was renamed into CB and Baroneza continued #1 until her withdrawal before World War I. She was preserved by CB and after 1957 by RFFSA's railway preservation agency PRESERFE. Today under the responsibility of IPHAN, as mentioned above she's exhibited at former RFFSA's Engenho de Dentro railway museum in Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
However, in 1851-5 they built 40 larger engines to the design of James McConnell for the Southern Division of the London and North Western Railway. In 1862 they built some 2-2-2 locomotives to the design of the Great Eastern Railway.
The Midland Railway and the West Midland Railway bought a number of 0-6-0 and in 1861, the Furness Railway bought two 0-4-0s. The locomotive building part of the business was sold to Sharp Stewart and Company in 1863.
Work
William Fairbairn was an innovative engineer and his company was involved in many developments across the whole field of engineering. When the Albert Hall was built as a memorial to Prince Albert the company was involved in the design. Although the hall itself was built of brick and terracotta the dome (designed by Rowland Mason Ordish) on top was made of wrought iron and glazed. There was a trial assembly made of the iron framework of the dome at William Fairbairn's Manchester works, then it was taken apart again and transported to London via horse and cart. When the time came for the supporting structure to be removed from the dome after reassembly in situ, only volunteers remained on site in case the structure dropped. It did drop – but only by five-sixteenths of an inch.
An Account of the Construction of the Britannia and Conway Tubular Bridges, (1849)
Experiments to determine the effect of impact, vibratory action, and long continued changes of load on wrought iron girders, (1864) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London vol. 154, S. 311
Treatise on Iron Shipbuilding, (1865)
See also
McConnel & Kennedy Mills
Kay & Routledge
References
Lowe, J.W., (1989) British Steam Locomotive Builders, Guild Publishing
Pole, W., (1877) The Life of Sir William Fairbairn, Bart., (ed. W. Pole)
External links
History William Fairbairn & Sons
Fairbairn
Manufacturing companies based in Manchester
Defunct companies based in Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Fairbairn%20%26%20Sons |
Newspapers were first published in Syria during the Ottoman era. The first newspaper published in the country was Hadiqat al-Akhbar, published in 1857 by Khalil al-Khuri. The number of the newspapers increased when the country was under French mandate.
The below is a list of newspapers in Syria.
National political newspapers
Tishreen, Official daily
Al-Thawra, Official daily
Al-Watan, Independent daily
Baladna, Independent daily
Enab Baladi, Independent weekly
Political parties' newspapers
Al-Ba'ath, daily, official newspaper of the Ba'ath Party
An Nour, weekly, official newspaper of the Syrian Communist Party (Unified), Yusef al-Faysal faction
Sawt ash-Shaab, weekly, official newspaper of the Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash), Khaled Bakdash faction
Al-Wahdawi, weekly, official newspaper of the Socialist Unionists Party
Local newspapers
Qassioun (Damascus)
Al-Jamahir (Aleppo), daily
Al-Ouruba (Homs), daily
Al-Wehda (Lattakia), daily
Al-Jabal (Sweida), weekly
Al-Fidaa (Hamah), daily
Al-Furat (Deir ez-Zor), daily
Specialist newspapers
Al-Mawqef Al-Riadi, sports weekly
Al-Iqtissadiya, economic weekly
Restricted circulation newspapers
Al-Ghad, student half-monthly, published by the National Union of Syrian Students
Al-Maseera, published by the Revolution Youth Union
Defunct newspapers
Ad Domari, satirical weekly, lasted for 104 issues only, as it was closed by the authorities in July 2003.
Al Alam, independent daily (1946–1950), issued by Al-Alam publishing house, which was owned by Izzat Husrieh
AlifBa, published in Damascus between 1930 and 1950
Al Qabas (Damascus), owned by Najeeb Al Rayes
Nidal ash-Shaab, issued irregularly, the official newspaper of the Syrian Communist Party until 2001; the public sale of the newspaper was prohibited by the Syrian government, and it was delivered to party members only
Syria Times, English language daily that was a sister publication of Tishreen
See also
List of newspapers
References
Further reading
Syria
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Syria |
Dorothy Osborne, Lady Temple (1627–1695) was a British writer of letters and wife of Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet.
Life
Osborne was born at Chicksands Priory, Bedfordshire, England, the youngest of twelve children of Sir Peter Osborne, Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Guernsey under King Charles I, by his wife Dorothy Danvers, a sister of Sir John Danvers the regicide. The Osbornes were a staunchly Royalist family.
After refusing a long string of suitors put forth by her family, including her cousin Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, Henry Cromwell (son of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell) and Sir Justinian Isham, in 1654 Dorothy Osborne married Sir William Temple, a man with whom she had carried on a lengthy clandestine courtship that was largely epistolary in nature. It is for her letters to Temple, which were witty, progressive and socially illuminating, that Osborne is remembered. Only Osborne's side of the correspondence survives, comprising a collection of 79 letters held in the British Library (ADD. MSS. 33975).
Osborne fell in love with Temple in 1647, when the pair were both about nineteen years old. Although both families opposed the match on financial grounds, seventeenth-century marriages frequently being business arrangements, she steadfastly remained single. Following the death of her father, the couple's families sanctioned the match, bringing to a close nearly seven years of intermittent courtship—the latter two marked by the famous exchange of letters. The wedding took place on 25 December 1654, and the marriage lasted until Lady Temple's death on 7 February 1695.
Although there is little extant trace of Osborne after she wed, a few of her married notes and letters survive, though they lack the wit and verve of her courtship letters. Scattered references indicate that Osborne was keenly involved in her husband's diplomatic career and matters of state. Sir William's career posted the couple abroad for periods of their married life, including time in both Brussels (in the Spanish Netherlands) and the Dutch Republic. Temple was Ambassador in The Hague twice, latterly during the marriage negotiations of William and Mary. In 1671 Charles II of England used Dorothy to provoke the Third Anglo-Dutch War by letting her on 24 August sail through the Dutch fleet on the royal yacht Merlin, demanding to be saluted with white smoke. Osborne was an important and acknowledged figure in the later marriage negotiations because of her friendship with both William III of Orange and Princess Mary. Osborne's close friendship with Mary lasted until the Queen's death in 1694.
Osborne (Lady Temple) had nine children, all but two of whom died in infancy. A daughter, Diana, succumbed to smallpox at age fourteen, and a son, John, ended his life in his twenties, but not before he had married and fathered two children, providing Sir William and Lady Temple with two granddaughters: Elizabeth and Dorothy Temple.
Lady Temple died at Moor Park, Surrey, and is buried in the west aisle of Westminster Abbey, along with her husband Sir William Temple, daughter Diana Temple and Temple's sister, Martha, Lady Giffard, whose adult life was spent as a member of the Osborne/Temple household.
Publication history
Dorothy Osborne's letters have been published numerous times since their initial appearance in print in 1888. The most recent edition is edited by Kenneth Parker: Dorothy Osborne: Letters to Sir William Temple, 1652–54: Observations on Love, Literature, Politics and Religion (Ashgate, 2002), although that edition is not without problems for specialised users, namely with regards to the correct order of some of the letters, many of which were undated and are difficult to place sequentially. The text of editor Sir Edward Parry's 1888 edition is available online at . Parry's edition is particularly valuable for its useful commentary, although unfortunately he did not retain the original orthography for his transcription, and the "modern English" in some cases lessens the considerable charm of Osborne's prose. G. C. Moore Smith's (1928) and Parker's critical editions retain Osborne's spelling and punctuation.
Critical appreciations
F. L. Lucas, "The Perfect Letter-Writer", essay in his Studies French and English (London, 1934, pp. 151–174 ; repr. 1951, 1969). Originally "A Seventeenth-Century Courtship : The Love Letters of Dorothy Osborne,” Listener, 22 Jan 1930 – text of a wireless talk, reprinted in Life and Letters, Vol. 5 No. 26, July 1930, and in Modern Short Biographies, ed. M. Balch (Harcourt Brace, N. Y., 1935).
Lord David Cecil, Two Quiet Lives: Dorothy Osborne and Thomas Gray (London, 1948)
References
External links
Letters from Dorothy Osborne to Sir William Temple, 1652–54 (1888), from Internet Archive.
"The True Love" episode of What'sHerName Podcast on Dorothy Osborne with guest Professor Bernard Capp of the British Academy.
English letter writers
Women letter writers
1627 births
1695 deaths
17th-century English women
Dorothy
Wives of baronets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Osborne |
This is a list of newspapers and news agencies in Tajikistan.
Newspapers
Asia Plus
Avicenna – in Tajik and Russian (Dushanbe)
DigestPress – in Russian (Dushanbe)
Farazh – Tajik (Dushanbe)
Golos Tajikistana – published weekly in Russian by the Communist Party
Jumhuriyat – government-owned, published tri-weekly in Tajik (Dushanbe)
Khalq Ovozi – government-owned, published tri-weekly in Uzbek
The Khujand Plov (Khujand) – English-language, caters to foreigners, specializes in satirical content
Minbar-i Khalq – published by the People's Democratic Party
Najot – published weekly by the Islamic Rebirth Party
Narodnaya Gazeta – government-owned, published tri-weekly in Russian
Neru-i Sukhan – privately owned, published weekly
Nido-i Ranjbar – published weekly in Tajik by the Communist Party
Sadoi mardum – a thrice-weekly newspaper published in Tajikistan; one of the most widely circulated papers in the country; in Tajik
Tojikiston – privately owned, published weekly in Tajik
News agencies
Asia-Plus – private, English-language agency
Avesta – private, English-language
Khovar – state-run
Varorud – private
See also
List of newspapers
List of journalists killed in Tajikistan
References
Tajikistan
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Tajikistan |
Gladys Kessler (January 22, 1938 – March 16, 2023) was a United States district judge of the District Court for the District of Columbia.
Education and career
After receiving her Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University and Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School, she was hired by the National Labor Relations Board. She worked as a legislative assistant to Senator Harrison A. Williams (D–NJ), and subsequently for United States Congressman Jonathan B. Bingham (D–NY). Kessler worked for the New York City Board of Education, and then opened a public interest law firm.
Judicial career
Superior Court of the District of Columbia service
In June 1977, she was appointed as an associate judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, and from 1981 to 1985 served as presiding judge of the family division. She was president of the National Association of Women Judges from 1983 to 1984, and served on the executive committee of the American Bar Association Conference of Federal Trial Judges and the U.S. Judicial Conference's Committee on Court Administration and Management.
Federal judicial service
On March 22, 1994, President Bill Clinton nominated Kessler to serve as a United States district judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, to the seat vacated by Judge Michael Boudin. She was confirmed by the Senate on June 15, 1994, and received her commission on June 16, 1994. She assumed senior status on January 22, 2007.
In 2002 she heard a case lodged by the Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development appealing against their designation as a terrorist organisation under Executive Order 13224. At the time the Palestinian-American charity was the largest Muslim charity in the United States, taking $13 million in donations in 2000. The Judge dismissed the case ordering all evidence be struck from the record. The court of appeals decided that she had been mistaken in her decision to not allow the case to go before a jury, but due to the fact that the case involved national security they would allow the decision to stand.
Detainee treatment cases
Kessler was the first judge to consider an appeal that the executive branch is violating the Detainee Treatment Act. In 2006, she heard the case of Mohammad Bawazir, a prisoner at Camp Delta. The George W. Bush Administration argued that the Detainee Treatment Act, legislation spearheaded by John McCain banning cruel or inhuman treatment, did not apply to Bawazir and other detainees at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, Cuba.
On October 10, 2007, the Washington Post headlined "Judge Orders U.S. Not to Transfer Tunisian Detainee," and reported that Judge Kessler "ruled last week that Mohammed Abdul Rahman cannot be sent [from Guantanamo] to Tunisia because he could suffer 'irreparable harm." The detainee's lawyer said, "The executive has now been told it cannot bury its Guantanamo mistakes in Third World prisons." He also stated that, "This is the first time the judicial branch has exercised its inherent power to control the excesses of the executive as to treatment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay."
Kessler twice denied relief to detainee Jihad Ahmed Mustafa Dhiab, first determining that she had no jurisdiction over his confinement conditions, and, after that theory was rejected by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, that the government was permitted to use force-feedings on detainees during the Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes. Kessler did, however, twice grant news media requests for access to classified video of the force-feedings, before ultimately being reversed by the D.C. Circuit.
Death
Kessler died on March 16, 2023, at the age of 85 from complications of pneumonia, according to her family.
See also
List of Jewish American jurists
United States v. Philip Morris
References
External links
1938 births
2023 deaths
20th-century American judges
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American judges
21st-century American women judges
Cornell University alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Judges of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia
Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Judges presiding over Guantanamo habeas petitions
Lawyers from New York City
United States district court judges appointed by Bill Clinton
Deaths from pneumonia in Washington, D.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys%20Kessler |
Camilo Villegas Restrepo (; born 7 January 1982) is a Colombian professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour.
Early years
Villegas was born in Medellín, Colombia, and took up golf as a child. After several different National Junior Championships in Colombia between the ages of 8 and 15, at 16 he became the first player in Colombian golf history to win the Amateur's Grand Slam in the same year: The National Junior Championship (stroke play), the National Junior Championship (match play), the National Amateur Championship, and the Colombian Open in the amateur category. Then, in 2001, he became only the second player to win the Colombian Open as an amateur. His success in Colombian golf throughout the 1990s earned him the distinction of "Player of the Decade" issued by the Colombian Golf Federation.
College career
Villegas accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for head coach Buddy Alexander's Florida Gators men's golf team in National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) competition from 2001 to 2004. As a freshman in 2001, Villegas was a member of the Gators' 2001 NCAA championship team. During his college golf career, he was the Southeastern Conference (SEC) Freshman of the Year in 2001, the SEC Player of the Year in 2002 and 2004, and an All-American four consecutive years (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004). Villegas graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in business administration in 2004.
Villegas is known for his commitment to physical fitness, and says his mentor and inspiration is golf icon Gary Player. Villegas and Player have starred together in a MasterCard "priceless" commercial. In the June 2006 issue of Golf Digest, Villegas was named "the sexiest player on tour, Tiger Woods included." He has also gained notoriety for sporting flashy dress clothing by designer J. Lindeberg. An alumnus of the University of Florida, Villegas frequently visits the university's Mark Bostick Golf Course when he is spending time at his residence in Gainesville, Florida. His younger brother, Manuel, also played on the University of Florida team and now plays on the Korn Ferry Tour.
Professional career
Villegas began playing on the PGA Tour in 2004 and earned his PGA Tour card just prior to the 2006 season. He had a blistering start to his 2006 rookie year on tour, with two second-place finishes and a third place (at The Players Championship) in his first nine events. He barely missed qualifying into the 2006 Masters Tournament in his rookie year, being just a single position on the PGA Tour money list (11th) under the requirement. He made his first Masters appearance in 2007 by finishing in the top 40 of the PGA Tour money list for 2006. He qualified for the 2008 Masters through his play during the inaugural FedEx Cup playoff system, that included an opening round 63 (8 under par) at the Deutsche Bank Championship, and three straight top 10 finishes. He entered the FedEx Cup playoffs in 52nd place and improved to 28th place through his play in the first three events, thus qualifying for the 30-man field at The Tour Championship in Atlanta, Georgia, where he finished in the top 10 for the third straight week and finished 24th on the FedEx Cup points list.
Villegas won his second professional event at the Coca-Cola Tokai Classic on the Japan Golf Tour in September 2007. By doing so, he earned ¥24,000,000 (approximately US$208,272). He shot a score of 282 (−2) and defeated Toyokazu Fujishima in a playoff by draining a 20-foot putt on the winning hole. Villegas won his third professional event at the TELUS Skins Game in June 2008 where he defeated a field that included Greg Norman, Colin Montgomerie, Mike Weir and "Mr. Skins", Fred Couples. Villegas took six skins for $130,000 with a short birdie putt on the 14th hole, and then won an additional four skins for $100,000 in a playoff, which was decided with a closest-to-the-pin shootout from 130 yards out on the 18th hole.
Villegas recorded a record-breaking second round in the 2008 Open Championship. He shot 65, which was the lowest score for any Open Championship second round at Royal Birkdale. He started off with two bogeys but ended with five consecutive birdies which put him at 5 under for his round. Villegas won his first PGA Tour title in September 2008, winning the BMW Championship by two shots over Dudley Hart. For the last 44 holes of the tournament, Villegas did not three putt, one-putting 27 of those last 44 holes. This victory took him to a career high of 18th in the Official World Golf Rankings.
Villegas followed his BMW Championship win with a victory in The Tour Championship. He defeated Sergio García in a playoff, having trailed by five shots going into the final round. The win took Villegas to a career-high 7th place in the Official World Golf Rankings and established him as the highest ranked golfer from South America. He finished the season 7th on the PGA Tour money list.
In late 2008, Villegas joined the European Tour, making his first European Tour appearance at the 2008 HSBC Champions, the first tournament of the 2009 season. However he continued to play predominately in the United States. He had no victories in 2009, but had five top-10 finishes and ended the season ranked 45th on the PGA Tour money list and in the top 30 of the European Tour's Race to Dubai.
He has spent over 30 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Rankings since 2008, with a career high rank of seventh. At the 2009 Chevron World Challenge, Villegas made a very rare albatross (double eagle) on a 568-yard par 5, firing a 262-yard second shot into the hole.
In March 2010, Villegas earned his third victory on the PGA Tour, winning The Honda Classic by five strokes over Anthony Kim. He chose not to maintain his status on the European Tour, and a slump in form in 2012 meant he had to enter the PGA Tour's Qualifying School at the end of the season; he finished 144th on the money list. Villegas did not regain a Tour Card, but had conditional status on the PGA Tour for 2013, playing in the 126-150 category. His status gave him entry based on sponsor exemptions, past championships, and priority ranking. He regained full privileges for 2014 with a 110th-place finish in the FedEx Cup. In 2014, Villegas won the Wyndham Championship, his first win on Tour in more than four years. The win moved him into the 37th position of the 2014 FedEX Cup prior to going into the FedEx Cup playoffs. With this victory, Villegas earned an invitation for the 2015 Masters Tournament, and a two-year exemption on the PGA Tour, lasting until the 2015-16 season.
In July 2016, Villegas withdrew from the Olympics in Rio to concentrate in the PGA Tour and secure a card for the 2016-17 season. He also mentioned concerns over the Zika virus as another reason to pull out from the Olympics. Villegas did not regain his Tour card and played the 2016–17 season with only past champion status. He eventually played well enough to regain his PGA Tour privileges for the 2017–18 season.
Pronouncing his name
Throughout the PGA Tour and among the media, there is a debate over how Villegas's name should be pronounced.
In Spanish, Villegas is pronounced "bee-YAY-gahss" or "bee-JAY-gahss." The official language in Colombia is Spanish. For more on the ambiguity of this pronunciation, see Yeísmo.
Recent examples from discussion forums, television coverage and sports articles—including interviews with Villegas himself—have supported the standard pronunciation of "bee-JAY-gahss" for his last name, although there are some who have not yet adopted the proper first name pronunciation, "kah-MEE-lo."
Personal life
Villegas is often compared with Spider-Man for his unique style of reading greens before he putts. He leans himself all the way to the putting surface, stretching out his left leg while balancing himself on his right leg, getting his chest and head almost to the ground, from which he reads his putts.
On 26 July 2020, Villegas' 22-month-old daughter Mía died after battling tumours on her brain and spine. Following her death, the PGA Tour paid tribute to her in the following tournaments, including the PGA Championship, and the Wyndham Championship, by giving players small rainbow pins for their caps, as Camilo revealed Mia's immense love for rainbows. Many players continued wearing the pins in their caps for the rest of the season, and Villegas received tremendous support within the PGA community, the sporting world, and his fans in Colombia.
Despite the tragedy, Villegas said in a heartfelt interview that he would try to reconnect himself with the game of golf, and return to form, stating that "despite not being able to change what has happened, we will try to seek the future, with the memory of Mia by our side". A month after her death, Villegas made a return to competitive golf; making starts in Korn Ferry Tour tournaments, to the acclaim of his fellow competitors.
Amateur wins
2002 Mexican Open
2003 Players Amateur
Professional wins (10)
PGA Tour wins (4)
PGA Tour playoff record (1–2)
Japan Golf Tour wins (1)
Japan Golf Tour playoff record (1–0)
South American wins (1)
2001 Colombian Open (as an amateur)
Other wins (4)
*Note: The 2008 CVS Caremark Charity Classic was stopped after 28 holes due to heavy rain.
Other playoff record (1–0)
Results in major championships
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 12 (2008 U.S. Open – 2011 Masters)
Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (three times)
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Results in World Golf Championships
Results not in chronological order before 2015.
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = tied
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.
Team appearances
Amateur
Eisenhower Trophy (representing Colombia): 1998, 2000, 2002
Professional
World Cup (representing Colombia): 2006, 2011
Wendy's 3-Tour Challenge (representing PGA Tour): 2007
Presidents Cup (International team): 2009
See also
2005 Nationwide Tour graduates
List of Florida Gators men's golfers on the PGA Tour
List of University of Florida alumni
References
External links
Why Camilo Villegas is the Man
"Here comes the Spider-Man" by Connell Barrett, GOLF.com
Colombian male golfers
Florida Gators men's golfers
PGA Tour golfers
European Tour golfers
Korn Ferry Tour graduates
Sportspeople from Medellín
1982 births
Living people
21st-century Colombian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilo%20Villegas |
The Concert for Kampuchea (subtitled "Rock for Kampuchea") is a musical film from the best of the Concerts for the People of Kampuchea. The film was directed by Keith McMillan and was 4 nights of concerts in Hammersmith Odeon to raise money for Cambodia. The event was organized by Paul McCartney and Kurt Waldheim (who was then Secretary-General of the U.N.), and it involved well-established artists such as McCartney, The Who and Queen as well as younger punk and new wave acts like The Clash and The Pretenders. The film finishes with the presentation of Wings' Rockestra (more of 25 musicians playing together). Filmed in 1979, Concert for Kampuchea did not receive American theatrical distribution until it was picked up by Miramax in 1988.
The concert was also recorded and released as a double LP, 8-track cartridge tape and cassette tape in 1979. It has yet to be released in digital format (CD).
Track listing
Opening commentary
Performed by Queen:
"Now I'm Here"
"'39"
Performed by Matumbi:
"Guide Us Jah (In Your Own Way)"
Performed by The Clash:
"Armagideon Time"
Performed by The Pretenders:
"The Wait"
Performed by Wings:
"Got To Get You Into My Life"
"Getting Closer"
"Every Night"
"Arrow Through Me"
"Coming Up"
Performed by The Specials:
"Monkey Man"
Performed by Elvis Costello & The Attractions:
"The Imposter"
Performed by Rockpile
"Crawling From The Wreckage"
"Little Sister" (with Robert Plant)
Performed by Ian Dury & The Blockheads:
"Sweet Gene Vincent"
"Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick"
Performed by The Who:
"Sister Disco"
"Behind Blue Eyes"
"See Me, Feel Me"
Performed by Billy Connolly:
"Introduction to the Rockestra"
Performed by Rockestra:
"Lucille"
"Let It Be"
"Rockestra Theme"
See also
Concerts for the People of Kampuchea, the concerts and set lists.
Concerts for the People of Kampuchea, the album and the EP about the concerts.
References
External links
The Concert for Kampuchea at Allmovie.
1980 films
The Clash
Documentary films about rock music and musicians
Albums recorded at the Hammersmith Apollo
1980s English-language films
1980s British films
British musical documentary films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert%20for%20Kampuchea |
The Clockwork Testament is a novella by the British author Anthony Burgess. It is the third of Burgess' four Enderby novels and was first published in 1974 by Hart-Davis, MacGibbon Publishers. It is usually subtitled Enderby's End, as it was originally intended to be the last book in the Enderby series. However, a further sequel, Enderby's Dark Lady, followed in 1984.
Plot summary
Enderby is a dyspeptic British poet, 56 years old, and The Clockwork Testament is an account of his last day alive. The day in question is a cold one in February. He spends it in New York City, where for the past several months he's been working as a visiting professor of English literature and composing a long poem about St Augustine and Pelagius.
Enderby's present situation arose from a chance encounter with an American film producer in Tangiers, where he owns a bar. Publican Enderby served the man a Scotch and pitched him an idea for a new film—an adaptation of Gerard Manley Hopkins's poetic masterpiece "The Wreck of the Deutschland". The producer, intrigued, asked for a script, which Enderby duly composed. The eventual film bears little resemblance to this script or to Hopkins's poem; however, his name is prominently credited, and the film, and Enderby, are now famous.
This unwanted public recognition has led to an invitation to teach English at the University of Manhattan for a year. Also, since the film has controversial elements—including, for some reason, a lurid rape scene with Nazis and nuns—the reclusive, little-read poet has been receiving a barrage of ranting phone calls from angry citizens who are eager to denounce "his" film. Invariably, these callers (and other critics) have never read the original poem; indeed, they don't even know it exists.
Enderby suffers three heart attacks over the course of the day, and succumbs to a fourth some time after midnight. Between attacks, he goes about his business: he happily works on his Pelagian poem; eats dyspeptic American food and smokes White Owl cigars; refuses an offer of sex from a female poetry student who wants him to give her an A; struggles through two lectures; appears on a smarmy talk show; and draws a sword he carries hidden in his cane to defend a middle-aged housewife from a gang of thugs on the subway.
Everywhere—even on the subway—he encounters incomprehension and, usually, disapproval. When he finally gets home, however, a woman he's never seen before drops by and pulls a gun on him; she has come to tell him she's read and re-read all his poetry, and is now going to murder him for writing it. First, however, she orders him to strip naked and urinate all over his collected works. Enderby strips, but since he has an erection he cannot obey the rest of her command. The scene ends, apparently, in a sexual encounter. Enderby dies later that night.
Themes
A Clockwork Testament is laced with Burgess's usual mordant wit, deft literary allusions, and virtuosic wordplay. The world of the book takes its hue from Enderby's brilliant but ever-irritable outsider's psyche. In some ways, the novel echoes Joyce's Ulysses; it covers one day only, casts an unheroic man in the role of hero, and explores that man's physical and mental processes in intimate detail. In place of The Odyssey, Burgess incorporates extended references to St Augustine and Pelagius, and also to Gerard Manley Hopkins, author of a phrase Enderby makes peculiarly his own: "I am gall, I am heartburn."
The book blends social satire with self-mockery. In a classroom scene, for example, Enderby is unable to remember his planned lecture on minor Elizabethan dramatists and so on the spur of the moment invents a playwright called 'Gervase Whitelady'. He discourses learnedly on this personage for some time, helped on by a student who begins as a know-it-all but ends as a collaborator, earnestly prompting him with the details of Whitelady's life. Enderby abruptly concludes the lecture by dismissing his imaginary playwright as a failure— at which point he recognises his creation as a mirror image of himself. Later, at his poetry-writing class, Enderby finds little to admire in his students' undisciplined effusions and tries to impress on them that poetry arises from craftsmanlike effort, not emotional self-indulgence. The students, however, just look at him pityingly and ask him when he plans to leave.
As the title suggests, The Clockwork Testament also gives the author a chance to explore his own bemusement over Stanley Kubrick's film adaptation of A Clockwork Orange: Burgess came to hate the film that made him famous. This autobiographical element is most apparent in the talk show scene, where Enderby's fellow guests (an actress and a psychologist) attack the poet for his involvement in a film version of "The Wreck of the Deutschland", which has been accused of inspiring violence against nuns. Enderby, forced to defend a movie that he considers a punishment to Hopkins, reiterates the central themes of A Clockwork Orange: the human need to choose freely between good and evil, and the daemonic, joyous nature of man's creative inner self. At this point, he quotes directly from the novel. Burgess faced similar criticism over Kubrick's version of A Clockwork Orange; he, too, for example, found himself being blamed for the rape of a nun because the movie allegedly inspired it.
Sources
Broyard, Anatole. Books of the Times (review, A Clockwork Testament). The New York Times, 1 February 1975 (Full Text)
Burgess, Anthony. "The Ecstasy of Gerard Manley Hopkins". The New York Times, 27 August 1989 (Full Text)
References
Novels by Anthony Burgess
1974 British novels
Novels about writers
Novels set in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Clockwork%20Testament%2C%20or%20Enderby%27s%20End |
B. Hick and Sons, subsequently Hick, Hargreaves & Co, was a British engineering company based at the Soho Ironworks in Bolton, England. Benjamin Hick, a partner in Rothwell, Hick and Rothwell, later Rothwell, Hick & Co., set up the company in partnership with two of his sons, John (1815–1894) and Benjamin Jr (1818–1845) in 1833.
Locomotives
The company's first steam locomotive Soho, named after the works was a goods type, built in 1833 for carrier John Hargreaves. In 1834 an unconventional, gear-driven four-wheeled rail carriage was conceived for Bolton solicitor and banker, Thomas Lever Rushton (1810–1883). The engine was the first 3-cylinder locomotive and its design incorporated aerodynamic turned iron wheel rims with plate discs as an alternative to conventional spokes. The 3-cylinder concept evolved into Hick's experimental horizontal boiler A 2-2-2 locomotive about 1840, adopting the principle features of the vertical boiler engine. The A design appears not to have been put into production.
More locomotives were built over the 1830s, some for export to the United
States including a Fulton for the Pontchartrain Railroad in 1834, New Orleans and Carrollton for the St. Charles Streetcar Line in New Orleans in 1835 and a second New Orleans for the same line in 1837. A 10 hp stationary engine was supplied to the Carrollton Railroad Company in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, for ironworking purposes, but damaged by fire in 1838. Two tender locomotives Potomak and Louisa were delivered to the Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad and a third, Virginia to the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad in North Carolina during 1836.
Between 1837 and 1840 the company subcontracted for Edward Bury and Company, supplying engines to the Midland Counties Railway, London and Birmingham Railway, North Union Railway, Manchester and Leeds Railway and indirectly to the Grand Crimean Central Railway via the London and North Western Railway in 1855. Engines were built for the Taff Vale Railway, Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, Cheshire, Lancashire and Birkenhead Railway, Chester and Birkenhead Railway, Eastern Counties Railway, Liverpool and Manchester Railway, North Midland Railway, Paris and Versailles Railway and Bordeaux Railway.
In 1841 the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway successfully used American Norris locomotives on the notorious Lickey Incline and Hick built three similar locomotives for the line. Between 1844 and 1846 the firm built a number of "long boiler" locomotives with haystack fireboxes and in 1848, four s for the North Staffordshire Railway. In the same year, the company built Chester, probably the earliest known prototype of a 6-wheel coupled } goods locomotive.
Aerodynamic Disc Wheel
Benjamin Hick's wheel design was used on a number of Great Western Railway engines including what may have been the world's first streamlined locomotive; an experimental prototype, nicknamed Grasshoper, driven by Brunel at , c.1847. The 10 ft disc wheels from GWR locomotives Ajax and Hurricane were lent to convey the statue of the Duke of Wellington to Hyde Park Corner in London.
Examples using wood paneling as streamlining are applied to the 16 ft flywheel and rope races of a Hick Hargreaves and Co. 120hp non-condensing Corliss engine, Caroline installed new at Gurteen's textile manufactorary, Haverhill, Suffolk in 1879.
Disc wheels and wheel fairings have been used for armoured cars, aviation, drag racing, Land speed record attempts, Land speed racing, motor racing, motorcycle speedway, wheelchair racing, icetrack cycling, velomobiles and bicycle racing, particularly track cycling, track bikes and time trials.
Engineering drawings
Hick Hargreaves collection of early locomotive and steam engine drawings represents one of the finest of its kind in the world. The majority were produced by Benjamin Hick senior and John Hick between 1833-1855, they are of significant interest for their technical detail, fine draughtsmanship and artistic merit. The elaborate finish and harmonious colouring extends from the largest drawings for prospective customers to ordinary working drawings and records for the engineer.
Works like this influenced the contemporary illustrators of popular science and technology of the time like John Emslie (1813-1875), their aesthetic quality stems from a romantic outlook in which science and poetry were partners.
The drawings are held by Bolton Metropolitan Borough Archives and the Transport Trust, University of Surrey.
Hick, Hargreaves & Co
After the death of Benjamin Hick in 1842, the firm continued as Benjamin Hick & Son under the management of his eldest son, John Hick; his second son, Benjamin Jr left the company after a year of its founding for partnership in a Liverpool company about 1834, possibly George Forrester & Co. In 1840 he filed a patent governor for B. Hick and Son using an Egyptian winged motif, that featured on the front page of Mechanics' Magazine. Hick's third and youngest son William (1820–1844) served as an apprentice millwright, engineer in the company from 1834 and a 'fitter' from 1837, he was listed as an iron founder in 1843 with his eldest brother John, but died the next year.
In 1845 John Hick took his brother-in-law John Hargreaves Jr (1800–1874) into partnership followed by the younger brother William Hargreaves (1821–1889) in 1847. John Hargreaves Jr left the firm in April 1850 before buying Silwood Park in Berkshire.
The following year B. Hick and Son exhibited engineering models and machinery at The Great Exhibition in Class VI. Manufacturing Machines and Tools, including a 6 horse power crank overhead engine and mill-gear driving Hibbert, Platt and Sons' cotton machinery and a 2 hp high-pressure oscillating engine driving a Ryder forging machine. Both engines were modelled in the Egyptian Style. The company received a Council Medal award for its mill gearing, radial drill mandrils and portable forges. The B. Hick & Son London office was at 1 New Broad Street in the City.
One of the Great Exhibition models, a 1:10 scale 1840 double beam engine built in the Egyptian style for John Marshall's Temple Works in Leeds, is displayed at the Science Museum and considered to be the ultimate development of a Watt engine. A second model, apparently built by John Hick and probably shown at the Great Exhibition, is the open ended 3-cylinder A 2-2-2 locomotive on display at Bolton Museum. Bolton Museum holds the best collection of Egyptian cotton products outside the British Museum as a result of the company's strong exports, particularly to Egypt. Leeds Industrial Museum houses a Benjamin Hick and Son beam engine in the Egyptian style c.1845, used for hoisting machinery at the London Road warehouse of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway.
Locomotive building continued until 1855, and in all some ninety to a hundred locomotives were produced; but they were a sideline for the company, which concentrated on marine and stationary engines, of which they made a large number.
B. Hick and Son supplied engines for the paddle frigates Dom Afonso by Thomas Royden & Sons and Amazonas by the leading shipbuilder in Liverpool, Thomas Wilson & Co. also builders of the Royal William; the screw propelled Mediterranean steamers, Nile and Orontes and the SS Don Manuel built by Alexander Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton. The Brazilian Navy's Afonso rescued passengers from the Ocean Monarch in 1848 and took part in the Battle of The Tonelero Pass in 1851; the Amazonas participated in the Battle of Riachuelo in 1865.
The company made blowing engines for furnaces and smelters, boilers, weighing machines, water wheels and mill machinery. It supplied machinery "on a new and perfectly unique" concept together with iron pillars, roofing and fittings for the steam-driven pulp and paper mill at Woolwich Arsenal in 1856. The mill made cartridge bags at the rate of about 20,000 per hour, sufficient to supply the entire British army and navy. The intention was to manufacture paper for various departments of Her Majesty's service.
Steel boilers were first produced in 1863, mostly of the Lancashire type, and more than 200 locomotive boilers were made for torpedo boats into the 1890s. The Phoenix Boiler Works were purchased in 1891 to meet an increase in demands.
Bolton Steam Museum hold a 1906 Hick, Hargreaves and Co. Ltd. Lancashire boiler front-plate, previously installed at Halliwell Mills, Bolton.
The company introduced the highly efficient Corliss valve gear into the United Kingdom from the United States in about 1864 and was closely identified with it thereafter; William Inglis being responsible for promoting the high speed Corliss engine. About 1881 Hick, Hargreaves received orders for two Corliss engines of 3000 hp, the largest cotton mill engines in the world. Hargreaves and Inglis trip gear was first applied to a large single cylinder 1800 hp Corliss engine at Eagley Mills near Bolton and the company received a Gold Medal for its products at the 1885 International Inventions Exhibition. An 1886 Hick, Hargreaves and Co. inverted, vertical single cylinder Corliss engine with Spencer Inglis valve gear, used to run Ford Ayrton and Co.'s spinning mill, Bentham until 1966 is preserved under glass at Bolton Town Centre.
Mill gearing was a speciality including large flywheels for rope drives, one example of 128 tons being 32 ft in diameter and groved for 56 ropes. Turbines and hydraulic machinery were also manufactured. Many of the tools were to suit the specialist work, with travelling cranes to take 15 to 40 tons in weight, a large lathe, side planer, slotting machine, pit planer and a tool for turning four 32 ft rope flywheels simultaneously. The workshops also featured an 80ton hydraulic riveting machine. For the ease of shipping and transportation, Soho Iron Works had its own railway system, traversed by sidings of the London North Western Railway (LNWR). Inglis, who lived in Bolton was a neighbour of LNWR's chief mechanical engineer, Francis Webb.
The company was renamed Hick, Hargreaves and Company in 1867; John Hick retired from the business in 1868 when he became a member of parliament (MP), leaving William Hargreaves as the sole proprietor. On the death of John Hick's nephew Benjamin Hick in 1882, a "much respected member of the firm", active involvement of the Hick family ceased. William Hargreaves died in 1889 and, under the directorship of his three sons, John Henry, Frances and Percy, the business became a private limited company in 1892.
In 1893 the founder's great grandson, also Benjamin Hick started an apprenticeship, followed by his younger brother Geoffrey about 1900.
Diversification
About 1885 Hick Hargreaves & Co became associated with Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti during the reconstruction of the Grosvenor Gallery and began to manufacture steam engines for power generation including those of Ferranti's Deptford Power Station, the largest power station in the world at the time.
In 1908 the company was licensed to build uniflow engines. From 1911 the company began the manufacture of large diesel engines, however these did not prove successful and were eventually discontinued. Boiler production finished in 1912. During World War I the company was involved in war work, producing 9.2 inch then 6 inch shells for the Ministry of Munitions, mines and a contract with Vickers to produce marine oil engines for submarines, under licence for the Admiralty.
In the early hours 26 September 1916, the works were targeted by Zeppelin L 21; a bomb missed passing through the roof of nearby Holy Trinity Church.
The company's recoil gear for the Vickers 18 pounder quick firing gun was so successful that by war's end a significant part of the factory was devoted to its production. Civil manufacture was not suspended entirely and in 1916 the firm began making Hick-Bréguet two-stage steam jet air ejectors and high vacuum condensing plant for power generation, including a contract with Yorkshire Electric Power Company. Hick Hargreaves production greatly expanded as centralised power generation was adopted in Great Britain, by the formation of the Central Electricity Board (CEB) in 1926.
In the search for new markets after the war the firm invested in machinery to produce petrol engines and other car components, entering a contract with Vulcan Motor & Engineering Co of Southport for 1000 20 hp petrol engines, but work discontinued in 1922 when Vulcan became bankrupt, with only 150 completed.
Following the arrival of electrical engineer Wyndham D'arcy Madden from Stothert & Pitt in 1919, Hick Hargreaves was re-organised to include a sales department responsible for advertising, supervised by Madden who in succession was appointed Managing Director in 1922, serving until 1963.
Trained at Faraday House Engineering College, from outside the Hargreaves family circle and established conventions of the industrial regions, Madden ensured the business was run economically during the difficult times ahead. The readiness to adapt was crucial to success during the interwar period; he realised that marketing the firm's specialities was as important to the design and manufacture of its products.
As the steam turbine replaced reciprocating steam engines, the company required a skilled engineer to produce a design of its own; in 1923 former principal assistant to the Chief Turbine Designer of English Electric, George Arrowsmith was appointed as Hick Hargreaves' Chief Turbine Designer; development continued and by 1927 the firm's engine work was principally steam turbines for electricity generating stations, becoming a major supplier to the CEB. Three of the nine turbines produced were supplied to Fraser & Chalmers for installation at Ham Halls power station. Arrowsmith was appointed Chief Engineer and a director of Hick Hargreaves in 1928. A 1923 Hick Hargreaves Co. Ltd. condenser, coupled to an English Electric Company turbogenerator built by Dick, Kerr & Co., set No. 6 in operation at the Back o' th' Bank power station, Bolton until 1979, is displayed at the Museum of Science and Industry, Manchester.
During the 1930s, the company acquired the records, drawings and patterns of four defunct steam engine manufacturers: J & E Wood, John Musgrave & Sons Limited, Galloways Limited and Scott & Hodgson Limited. As a consequence it made a lucrative business out of repairs and the supply of spare parts during the Great Depression. Large stationary steam engines were still used for the many cotton mills in the Bolton area until the collapse of the industry after World War II.
3 and 4-cylinder triple expansion marine steam engines were built during the 1940s, post-war the company expanded its work in electricity generation, again becoming a major supplier to the CEB and branched out into food processing, oil refining and offshore oil equipment production, continuing to supply vacuum equipment to the chemical and petrochemical industries. Between 1946 and 1947 it supplied vacuum pumps to Vickers Armstrongs for the Barnes Wallis designed Stratosphere Chamber at Brooklands, built to investigate high-speed flight at very high altitudes.
By the early 1960's Hick Hargreaves established itself in the practical application of nuclear energy, supplying de-aerating equipment for the early atomic power stations at Calder Hall, Chapelcross and Dounreay, and the complete feed heating system, condensing plant and steam dump condensers for Hunterston.
The company received orders for the ejectors, de-aerators and dump condensers for the prototype advanced gas cooled reactor at Windscale and a commission to design the condensing plants and feed systems for the first 175.000 KW Japanese Atomic Power Station at Tokai Mura.
About 1969 the firm's 1930s corporate identity was brought up to date with a logo, while Madden's established and successful marketing of specialities continued; during 1974 Hick Hargreaves promoted its achievements and support of industrial archaeology with an exhibition of B. Hick and Son locomotive drawings, emphasising its response to changing industrial developments since the nineteenth century.
In 2000 Hick Hargreaves' products included compressors, blowers, refrigeration equipment, deaerators, vacuum ejectors and liquid ring vacuum pumps.
Soho Iron Works
Between the 1840s and 1870s, the firm had its own Brass Band, "John Hick's Esq, Band," known as the Soho Iron Works Band with a uniform of "... rich full braided coat, black trousers, with two-inch gold lace down the sides and blue cap with gold band," who would play airs through the streets of Bolton.
Ownership changes
In 1968, the Hargreaves family sold their shares to Electrical & Industrial Securities Ltd which became part of TI Group, and subsequently Smiths Group.
Smiths Group sold Soho Iron works to Sainsbury's and it closed in 2002. Two switchgear panels; the works clock, and a pair of cast iron gateposts with Hick's caduceus logo were preserved by the Northern Mill Engine Society. The 170 year old firm's records were deposited with Bolton library.
In 2001, BOC bought the business from Smiths Group and relocated the offices to Wingates Industrial Estate in Westhoughton, and subsequently to Lynstock Way in Lostock, as part of Edwards. Some of the manufacturing equipment was transferred to their lower cost facility in Czechoslovakia.
Mills powered by Hick, Hargreaves engines
Textile Mill, Chadderton
Cavendish Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne
Century Mill, Farnworth
Pioneer Mill, Radcliffe
See also
Bradford Colliery
James Cudworth
Fred Dibnah
Helmshore Mills Textile Museum
House-built engine
Redevelopment of Mumbai mills
Thomas Pitfield
Wadia Group
Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills
References
Bibliography
External links
Golburn Historic Waterworks Museum: B. Hick and Son horizontal Corliss engine built for Bell's Creek gold mine, Araluan, New South Wales 1866
Forncett Industrial Steam Museum: Hick, Hargreaves and Co. 50 hp Corliss girder bed engine 1873 (No.303), used to power Gamble's lace factory, Nottingham
Lucien Alphonse Legros - eldest son of Alphonse Legros, entered Hick, Hargreaves works in 1887.
The Clyde Built Ships: Empire Ridley 1941 (Ministry of War Transport), HMS Latimer 1943 (Petroleum Warfare Department)
Tyne built ships: Empire Grey 1944 (Ministry of War Transport)
Tyne built ships: Landing Ship, Tank (LST) 3001 1945 (Royal Navy)
Frederick Clover LST (3): 1946 (War Office), 1952 (Atlantic Steam Navigation Company)
Tyne built ships: Zarian 1947 (United Africa Company)
Edwards Limited
Manufacturing companies established in 1833
British companies established in 1833
1833 establishments in England
Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Engineering companies of England
Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Boilermakers
Millwrights
Hick
Steam engine manufacturers
Machine tool builders
Electrical engineering companies
Nuclear technology companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Bolton
History of Bolton
Industrial Revolution | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.%20Hick%20and%20Sons |
Shreyas Talpade (born 27 January 1976) is an Indian actor, film director and producer who appears in Hindi and Marathi films. His father is the brother of actresses Meena T. and Jayshree T. (full name "Jayshri Talpade").He has appeared in several critically and commercially successful films. He is better known for his role as Shah Rukh Khan's friend Pappu Master in Om Shanti Om (2007), the grand reincarnation melodrama of Farah Khan. He appeared in the comedies Golmaal Returns (2008), Welcome to Sajjanpur (2008), Golmaal 3 (2010), Housefull 2 (2012) and Golmaal Again (2017). Talpade also dubbed for Allu Arjun in the Hindi version of Pushpa: The Rise (2021).
Early life
Shreyas Talpade was born in Mumbai, Maharashtra on 27 January 1976. His father is the brother of actresses Meena T. and Jayshree T. (full name "Jayshri Talpade"). Shreyas attended Shree Ram Welfare Society’s High School in Andheri West followed by Mithibai College in Vile Parle. He is married to Deepti Talpade, a psychiatrist.
Career
Talpade began his acting career appearing in Marathi soap operas and doing stage shows across Maharashtra. He also appeared in the Zee TV soap opera Woh (1998) in which he was the main lead. He has also acted in mini-serials for the production "Adhikari Brothers". His role, in a very popular Marathi serial Aabhal Maya, as the character Tejas was very popular among Marathi audiences. He also appeared in Jaane Anjaane (2001) aired on doordarshan where he played the role of a son who dislikes his father because he felt that his father was the reason for his accident. Viewers liked the content of the same. Fame arrived after he made his Bollywood debut in Nagesh Kukunoor's Iqbal which was written by Vipul K Rawal in which he played the role of a deaf & mute youngster aspiring to be a cricketer. The film and his performance were well received by both audiences and critics. His next film was Kukunoor's Dor in which he played the comic role of a behroopiya, a man with many disguises. This film was also well received by critics.
In 2006, he starred in the comedy, Apna Sapna Money Money and in 2007, he starred in Farah Khan's blockbuster reincarnation drama, Om Shanti Om, with Shah Rukh Khan, where he played the role of Pappu Master, the best friend of Khan's character. In 2008, he was seen in Kukunoor's cross-cultural comedy film, Bombay To Bangkok. He also produced a Marathi film, Sanai Chaughade, which was released the same year. He also did movies like Shyam Benegal's Welcome to Sajjanpur, along with Golmaal Returns and Sangeeth Sivan's horror flick, Click. Shreyas was also seen in the horror film, Help. Shreyas next appeared in the movie Will You Marry Me? which released in 2012.
Shreyas has produced a Marathi film, titled Poshter Boyz, under his home production banner, Affluence Movies. The movie which released on 1 August 2014 was launched by Bollywood veteran Subhash Ghai. The film is directed by Sameer Patil and the music for it is composed by Lesle Lewis.
Poshter Boyz was remade in Hindi as Poster Boys and Shreyas made his directorial debut with this film which released on 8 September 2017. The film stars Shreyas himself along with Sunny Deol and Bobby Deol.
Filmography
Hindi
As a dubbing artist
Marathi
Television
Accolades
Public image
In a series of sting operations carried out by Cobrapost code-named Operation Karaoke, Shreyas Talpade has been named as one of many celebrities who can be seen agreeing to promote the agenda of parties on social media platforms in exchange for money, on camera.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Marathi people
Male actors from Mumbai
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Male actors in Marathi cinema
Indian male film actors
Mithibai College alumni
Male actors in Marathi television
Screen Awards winners
Zee Cine Awards winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreyas%20Talpade |
Any enzyme system that includes cytochrome P450 protein or domain can be called a P450-containing system.
P450 enzymes usually function as a terminal oxidase in multicomponent electron-transfer chains, called P450-containing monooxygenase systems, although self-sufficient, non-monooxygenase P450s have been also described. All known P450-containing monooxygenase systems share common structural and functional domain architecture. Apart from the cytochrome itself, these systems contain one or more fundamental redox domains: FAD-containing flavoprotein or domain, FMN domain, ferredoxin and cytochrome b5. These ubiquitous redox domains, in various combinations, are widely distributed in biological systems. FMN domain, ferredoxin or cytochrome b5 transfer electrons between the flavin reductase (protein or domain) and P450. While P450-containing systems are found throughout all kingdoms of life, some organisms lack one or more of these redox domains.
FR/Fd/P450 systems
Mitochondrial and some bacterial P450 systems employ soluble Fe2S2 ferredoxins (Fd) that act as single electron carriers between FAD-containing ferredoxin reductase (FR) and P450. In mitochondrial monooxygenase systems, adrenodoxin functions as a soluble electron carrier between NADPH:adrenodoxin reductase and several membrane-bound P450s (CYP11A, CYP11B, CYP27). In bacteria, putidaredoxin, terpredoxin, and rhodocoxin serve as electron carriers between corresponding NADH-dependent ferredoxin reductases and soluble P450s (CYP101, CYP108, CYP116).
{| border="0" width="60%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NADH || →
| putidaredoxin reductase
| →
| putidaredoxin
| →
| CYP101
| → || O2
|-----
| align="right" | NADH || →
| terpredoxin reductase
| →
| terpredoxin
| →
| CYP108
| → || O2
|-----
| align="right" | NADH || →
| rhodocoxin reductase
| →
| rhodocoxin
| →
| CYP116
| → || O2
|-----
| align="right" | NADPH || →
| adrenodoxin reductase
| →
| adrenodoxin
| →
| CYP11A1
| → || O2
|}
The general scheme of electron flow in the P450 systems containing adrenodoxin-type ferredoxins is:
{| border="0" width="60%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NAD(P)H || →
| bgcolor="orange" | FAD
| →
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | Fe2S2
| →
| bgcolor="lightblue" | P450
| → || O2
|}
The sterol demethylase system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains flavoprotein reductase A (FprA), bacterial-type Fe3S4 ferredoxin and CYP51 hemoprotein.
{| border="0" width="60%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NAD(P)H || →
| bgcolor="orange" | FAD
| →
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | Fe3S4
| →
| bgcolor="lightblue" | P450
| → || O2
|}
CPR/P450 systems
Eukaryotic microsomal P450 enzymes and some bacterial P450s receive electrons from a FAD- and FMN-containing enzyme known as cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; ). Microsomal CPR is membrane-bound protein that interacts with different P450s. In Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis, CPR is a C-terminal domain of CYP102, a single polypeptide self-sufficient soluble P450 system (P450 is an N-terminal domain). The general scheme of electron flow in the CPR/P450 system is:
{| border="0" width="60%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NADPH || →
| bgcolor="orange" | FAD
| →
| bgcolor="yellow" | FMN
| →
| bgcolor="lightblue" | P450
| → || O2
|}
CBR/b5/P450 systems
The ubiquitous electron-transport protein cytochrome b5 can serve as an effector (activator or inhibitor) of P450s. It was hypothesized that cytochrome b5 is involved in the transfer of the second electron to P450, either from CPR or from NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase (CBR; ):
{| border="0" width="60%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NADPH || →
| CPR || →
| cyt b5
| → || P450
| → || O2
|-----
| align="right" | NADH || →
| CBR || →
| cyt b5
| → || P450
| → || O2
|}
The ability of the CBR/cytochrome b5 system to support P450 catalysis has been demonstrated in vitro using purified CBR and cytochrome b5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and CYP51 enzyme from Candida albicans. In this system, both the first and second electrons are donated by CBR.
{| border="0" width="60%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NAD(P)H
| →
| bgcolor="orange" |FAD
| →
| bgcolor="lightpink" | b5
| →
| bgcolor="lightblue" | P450
| →
| O2
|}
FMN/Fd/P450 systems
An unusual one-component P450 system was originally found in Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 9784 (CYP116B2). In this system, the N-terminal P450 domain is fused to the reductase domain that shows sequence similarity to phthalate dioxygenase reductase and consists, in its turn, of FMN-binding domain and C-terminal plant-type ferredoxin domain. Similar systems have been identified in the heavy-metal-tolerant bacterium Ralstonia metallidurans (CYP116A1) and in several species of Burkolderia.
The general scheme of electron flow in this system appears to be:
{| border="0" width="60%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NADH || →
| bgcolor="yellow" | FMN
| →
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | Fe2S2
| →
| bgcolor="lightblue" | P450
| → || O2
|}
P450-only systems
Nitric oxide reductase (P450nor) is a P450 enzyme involved in denitrification in several fungal species. The best-characterized P450nor is CYP55A1 from Fusarium oxysporum. This enzyme does not have monooxygenase activity but is able to reduce nitric oxide (NO·) to form nitrous oxide (N2O) directly using NAD(P)H as electron donor:
{| border="0" width="40%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| align="right" | NAD(P)H || →
| bgcolor="lightblue" | P450
| → || NO·
|}
Fatty acid β-hydroxylase P450BSβ from Bacillus subtilis (CYP152A1) and fatty acid α-hydroxylase P450SPα from Pseudomonas paucimobilis (CYP152B1) catalyse the hydroxylation reaction of long-chain fatty acids using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. These enzymes do not require any reduction system for catalysis.
Allene oxide synthase (CYP74A; ), fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (CYP74B), prostacyclin synthase (CYP8; ) and thromboxane synthase (CYP5; ) are examples of P450 enzymes that do not require a reductase or molecular oxygen for their catalytic activity. Substrates for all these enzymes are fatty acid derivatives containing partially reduced dioxygen (either hydroperoxy or epidioxy groups).
References
External links
Directory of P450-containing Systems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P450-containing%20systems |
Improper input validation or unchecked user input is a type of vulnerability in computer software that may be used for security exploits. This vulnerability is caused when "[t]he product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program."
Examples include:
Buffer overflow
Cross-site scripting
Directory traversal
Null byte injection
SQL injection
Uncontrolled format string
References
Computer security exploits | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improper%20input%20validation |
Darren Jon-Jeffries (born 2 March 1982) is an English actor, writer and presenter best known for his portrayal of Sam "O.B." O'Brien in Channel 4 soap-opera Hollyoaks. He is also known for presenting Freshly Squeezed and Red Bull Rivals on Channel 4, as well as Text Santa for ITV2.
Early life
Jeffries was born in Wrexham, Wales to Glynis Jeffries (née Jones), a teacher of sign language, and Wayne Jeffries, a professional carpenter.
As a senior, he attended Padgate Community High School in Warrington, (now known as Padgate Academy), whose notable former pupils also include Chris Evans and Kerry Katona. Jeffries also joined Padgate High sixth Form College and studied Business, English Literature, English Language and Drama.
Career
At fourteen whilst attending Padgate High, he joined a Warrington-based acting course, culminating in a small performance at Warrington's Parr Hall where he was spotted by a North-West based acting agency. This led to an audition for the role of Sam "O.B." O'Brien in Channel 4 soap-opera Hollyoaks in 1997, which he subsequently obtained. He was a prominent cast member in the show until 2007, when he announced he would be leaving the series in order to pursue other projects.
Soon afterwards in 2008 he carved a successful presenting career alongside Hollyoaks co-star Matt Littler beginning with a stint on Channel 4's V Festival coverage, followed by The Versus Chart on T4 throughout 2008 and 2009. In 2009 Jeffries and Littler were also the faces of The RAF's 'Least 9 till 5' media campaign, and presented their own radio show on the Lancashire radio station Rock FM.
In 2010, Jeffries hosted T4's Red Bull Rivals, where he and Matt Littler visited France, South Africa, Sweden and Greece whilst taking part in numerous Red Bull sponsored sports. From 2011-2012 he was the presenter of Channel 4's flagship music show Freshly Squeezed, alongside Matt Littler, Jameela Jamil and Matt Edmondson.
Throughout 2013 he hosted The British Soap Awards spin-off show on ITV2 alongside Matt Littler, Zoe Hardman and Joe Swash, presented a Text Santa spin-off show for ITV, and throughout 2014, guest presented The Gadget Show numerous times for Channel 5.
In 2014 Jeffries returned to performing, and appeared numerous times on stage and television in various productions, whilst also studying at The Manchester School Of Acting. In 2016, Jefferies reprised his role as OB in Hollyoaks. In February 2023, he portrayed Pete Farnsworth in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors.
Filmography
Awards
At The 2008 British Soap Awards, Darren Jeffries and Matt Littler won The Best On-Screen Partnership Award.
References
External links
People from Wrexham
1982 births
Living people
English male soap opera actors
Male actors from Warrington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren%20Jeffries |
Just Looking is a 1999 American comedy-drama film. Directed by Jason Alexander and written by Marshall Karp, it stars Ryan Merriman, Gretchen Mol, Peter Onorati, and Patti LuPone. The film's plot follows Lenny, a teenage boy from the Bronx who is sent to Queens to live with his aunt and new uncle for one summer in the 1950s. Hormonal and curious about sex, Lenny's goal for the summer is to “witness an act of love”.
The film premiered in October 1999 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and received a limited theatrical release in October 2000.
Plot
Lenny is a 14-year-old boy living in the Bronx in 1955. Like every teenage boy, he is totally fascinated with the concept of sex. But Lenny is too young and scared to actually "do it”, so he dedicates his summer vacation to the next best thing—seeing two other people in an “act of love”, which proves to be easier said than done. Caught in the act of spying, his mother Sylvia and stepfather ship him off to spend the summer with his Aunt Norma and Uncle Phil in "the country"—Queens.
Lenny's plan looks like a bust and his summer seems destined for boredom until he meets a whole new group of friends, young teens who dub themselves a "sex club." While his new friends don't actually do it either and instead just talk about sex, they have a lot more interesting information than what was available to Lenny back in the Bronx. Then Lenny meets Hedy, a gorgeous nurse twice his age and a former model for bra ads. Lenny is both smitten and inspired, and his goal for the summer kicks into high gear. Lenny's adolescent fascination with sex turns into a deeper story about growing up, betrayal, loneliness, and defining what an “act of love” really is.
Cast
Ryan Merriman as Lenny
Gretchen Mol as Hedy
Patti LuPone as Sylvia
Peter Onorati as Phil
Ilana Levine as Norma
Richard V. Licata as Polinsky
John Bolger as Donald
Michelle Forbes as Mary
Reception
Just Looking has a 45% approval rating on review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes. In a mixed review, Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote, “Just Looking is a candy-colored, unabashedly sentimental movie whose characters, for all their flaws, are basically decent people doing their best in sparer times than today. As in so many retrospective rite-of-passage movies, the film's view of the past is the smoothed-out double vision of a grown-up reliving his own adolescence but with an adult perspective that discerns structure and meaning in events. The film's lovely performances embody this double vision”. However, he critiqued the storytelling and tone as “a little too sugary…to be a period classic like Barry Levinson's ‘Diner’”.
Marjorie Baumgarten of The Austin Chronicle wrote though “Just Looking won't become a mainstay of the prolific coming-of-age drama, but, as its title indicate, it may be worth a perusal—especially if you're tired of the way teen sexuality is portrayed in movies from the post-Porky's generations”.
References
External links
Just Looking at Rotten Tomatoes
Just Looking at AllMovie
American coming-of-age comedy films
1999 films
1990s coming-of-age comedy films
Films directed by Jason Alexander
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in New Jersey
1999 comedy films
American sex comedy films
Films about puberty
Films set in 1955
Films produced by Jean Doumanian
1999 independent films
Sony Pictures Classics films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Looking |
The Sanday Light Railway was a privately owned ridable miniature railway situated in Braeswick, on the island of Sanday, Orkney, Scotland.
The railway was of gauge. The first rails were laid down in 1999, and the line closed at the end of 2006. It was the most northerly passenger carrying railway in the British Isles, and although it was primarily the owner's hobby it did achieve the status of a tourist attraction and local curiosity.
The railway sometimes ran one of its two steam locomotives, a 2-4-2 and a 2-4-0, but more often one of three petrol locomotives. The railway also owned a number of items of rolling stock, including a very rare Cromar White first-class carriage.
Although trains had been operating occasionally in some form beforehand, the railway was officially opened to the public in August 2006 by Sir Peter Maxwell Davies just a few months before its closure, which was variously attributed to the owner being unable to keep his promise to hold Sir Peter's civil partnership ceremony there or unreasonable demands placed upon the railway's operators by local council officials.
As of 2008, the owner was taking legal action against a number of organisations over perceived discrimination and misconduct by those organisations in relation to the railway, its associated tea-rooms and the abortive civil partnership ceremony.
References
External links
Heritage railways in Scotland
7¼ in gauge railways in Scotland
Transport in Orkney
2000 establishments in Scotland
Railways on Scottish Islands
Sanday, Orkney | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanday%20Light%20Railway |
St. John Cemetery may refer to:
St. John Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio
St. John Cemetery, Queens, New York
St. John's Cemetery may refer to:
St. John's Cemetery (Dubuque), Iowa
St. John's Cemetery, Frederick, Maryland
Saint Johns Cemetery, Union County, South Dakota
St. John's Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia
See also
New St. John's Cemetery
Old St. John's Cemetery
Saint John (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20John%27s%20Cemetery |
Nova Roma is a municipality in northeastern Goiás state, Brazil. It is part of the statistical micro-region of Chapada dos Veadeiros. It is crossed by the important Paranã River, a tributary of the Tocantins.
History
In the seventeenth century the settlement of São Teodoro existed in the region. Gold mining was the main economic activity. In 1858 it was elevated to the status of district with the name of Nova Roma, belonging to the villa of Cavalcante. In 1943 the district changed its name to Guataçuba, changing back to Nova Roma again in 1947. In 1953 it was transferred to the municipality of Veadeiros, becoming dismembered in 1948 with its present name.
Boundaries
There are poor road connections with Teresina de Goiás, 72 kilometers to the west, Monte Alegre de Goiás, 58 kilometers north, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 100 kilometers southwest, and Iaciara, 71 kilometers southeast. The distance to the state capital, Goiânia is 616 km. Highway connections from Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / GO-060 / Alexânia / Formosa / BR-020 / Alvorada do Norte / GO-112 / Iaciara.
Municipal boundaries are with:
north:: Monte Alegre de Goiás
west: Teresina de Goiás and Alto Paraíso de Goiás
east: São Domingos and Iaciara
south: São João da Aliança
Economy
The economy is based on agriculture, cattle raising, services, modest transformation industries, and public employment. In 2006 there were 67,200 head of cattle. The main agricultural products were pumpkin, rice, banana, sugarcane, beans, manioc, and corn (1,500 hectares planted).
Hospitals: 01 with 14 beds
Infant mortality rate : 30.02, below the national average of 33.0.
Adult literacy rate: 81.9%, below the national average of 86.4%.
HDI-M: 0.679
State ranking: 223 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 3,323 (out of 5,507 municipalities)
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20Roma%2C%20Goi%C3%A1s |
Below is a list of newspapers published in Turkmenistan.
Türkmenistan
Watan
Galkynyş
Nesil
Edebiýat we sungat
Türkmenistanyň Prezidentiniň metbugat çapary gazeti
Adalat
Esger
Mugallymlar gazeti
Türkmen dünýasi
Bereketli toprak
Neutral Turkmenistan - English
Aşgabat
Ahal
Türkmen dili
Daşoguz habarlary
Türkmen gündogary
Maru-şahu jahan
Zaman Türkmenistan
Habarlar
Biznes reklama
Balkan
Neytralnyy Turkmenistan — Russian
Nebit-gaz
References
External links
Newspapers at PDF
Turkmenistan
Newspapers
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Turkmenistan |
Lansky (masculine), Lanskaya (feminine), or Lanskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Lansky (surname)
Lansky (1999 film), about Meyer Lansky
Lansky (2021 film), about Meyer Lansky
Lansky Brothers, a clothing store in Memphis, United States
Lanskaya railway station, a railway station in St. Petersburg, Russia
Lanskaya electric substation, an electric substation of Lanskaya railway station
Lanskoye, a rural locality (a village) in Tula Oblast, Russia
See also
Lansky score, a performance status scale for children with cancer
Lensky (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansky |
Holly High School (HHS) is a public high school for grades 9–12 located in Holly, Michigan. It provides secondary education for students living in Holly, Davisburg, Springfield Township, Rose Township, and White Lake Township. Its official mascot is the Broncho and its colors are red, white, and grey. In 1952, Holly High School opted to change the spelling of its mascot from Bronco to Broncho since the spelling was commonly used. Holly High School is the only high school in the Holly Area School District. The current high school, built in 1999 in Holly Township, Michigan, replaced a high school building that had been built down the street in 1958. The 1958 building, which has for its official address 920 East Baird Street, became a middle school but today is home to Karl Richter Community Center and Holly Area Schools' administrative offices and had, in return, replaced a 1910s school building on College Street, today the site of a church.
In recent years, Holly High School has taken advantage of school closures to invite displaced students of closed schools to attend HHS in order for their families to relocate to the Holly area. Because of this HHS has welcomed former students of Flint Central, Pontiac Central and, most recently, Flint Northern High School.
Performing arts
The Holly High School band program consists of marching band and color guard during the fall season and concert/symphony band during the winter and spring seasons.
The Holly High School Main Street Show Choir is also active and performs year-round, as does the Holly High School Concert Choir.
Notable alumni
Jim Ray, former Major League Baseball pitcher for Houston Astros and Detroit Tigers.
First Lt. Karl W. Richter, U.S. Air Force, "At the age of 23, on Sept. 21, 1966, Richter became the youngest American pilot in Southeast Asia to shoot down a Communist Mig 17."
Roland (Rollie) C. Harmes, Jr. (1957) Former Director of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, honored by Oakland County Commissioners Proclamation (2023) in recognition of his dedication to natural resource preservation, spanning four decades with the MDNR.
References
External links
Holly High School Website
Educational institutions established in 1867
Public high schools in Michigan
High schools in Oakland County, Michigan
1867 establishments in Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly%20High%20School |
Home of the Giants is a 2007 American sports crime drama film written and directed by Rusty Gorman and starring Haley Joel Osment, Ryan Merriman and Danielle Panabaker. The film has been described as a coming of age tale and sports drama.
Plot
Like everyone in Riverton, Indiana, seventeen-year-old Robert "Gar" Gartland (Haley Joel Osment) loves his school's basketball team, the Riverton Giants. His best friend, Matt Morrison (Ryan Merriman), is the star of the Riverton Giants. When Matt makes Robert take part in the robbery of a small-time drug dealer, things do not go as planned and Robert faces the challenge of saving the team from a desperate predicament with the state championship and Matt's future on the line.
In Indiana, high school basketball is a way of life. This fanaticism serves as a backdrop for a story that explores peer pressure, perspective and the difference between a friend and a hero. Gar believes Matt can do no wrong. While he supports and encourages his best friend's antics, Gar finds himself falling in love with Bridgette, an outsider who does not embrace the celebrity status given basketball players in her new hometown. From high school parties, pep rallies and Hoosier hysteria, to robbing a drug dealer, being stalked and blackmailed, defying a hero and confronting his adversaries, Gar comes to terms with his false belief, and gains a new level of awareness about himself and his hometown.
Cast
Haley Joel Osment as Robert Gartland
Ryan Merriman as Matt Morrison
Danielle Panabaker as Bridgette Bachman
Kenneth Mitchell as Keith Morrison
Brent Briscoe as Prock
Stephen Michael Ayers as Coach Gordon
Jay Bilas as himself
Johanna Braddy as Freshman
Wayne Coyne as Barfly
Marie Gulliver as Robert's love interest
Release
Home of the Giants was first screened on May 9, 2007, at The Zanuck theater in Los Angeles. This screening was mainly for meant for the industry but fans also got the opportunity to attend the screening for free.
Shortly after the first screening, Home of the Giants was screened 3 times at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007.
The next screening was in Chicago at the Landmark Theatres in Chicago on July 12, 2007. This was for a private audience mainly consisting of Rusty Gorman's friends and associates. Haley Joel Osment, Ryan Merriman and Nona Merriman attended this screening as well.
The next series of screenings were at the Chicago International Film Festival (3 times) and Heartland Film Festival (6 times) in October 2007.
While a distribution deal is still in the talks, several articles have suggested a spring 2008 release. The distribution deal should be finalized somewhere in November 2007.
The next series of screenings are at the 6 Palm Beach International Film Festival (April 14, 2008) and Omaha Film Festival (February 20, 2008 and February 23, 2008).
On October 10, 2008, the film screened at the Midwest Independent Film Festival in Chicago, and was later nominated for Best feature and Best director at the Best of the Midwest Awards.
On January 7, 2009, the Region 4 DVD was released in Australia and on February 23, 2009, the Region 2 DVD was released in South Africa.
Reviews
'Intense, superbly crafted thriller' - Indianapolis Business Journal
'Skillful, believable and genuinely suspenseful' - Chicagoist.com
'A dark-laced "Hoosiers" that scores from all over the story court' - Hollywood Reporter
Soundtrack
According to the official end crawl credits
Production
Principal photography for Home of the Giants occurred September 6, 2005 through October 9, 2005.
Although the movie is set in Indiana, the basketball scenes were filmed in North Carolina. Many of the extras included students from area high schools, such as Wesleyan Christian Academy (students Andrew Smith, Daniel Gingerich, and Neal Lain), and local colleges such as Wake Forest University, and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Both the Giants' and their opponents' pep bands were made up of members of the Walter Hines Page Senior High School Band of Greensboro, North Carolina. These musicians appear around the actors in many other shots. The Giants' cheerleaders are members of the Greensboro Allstars cheerleading squad coached by Amy Tyler.
See also
List of basketball films
References
External links
2007 films
American basketball films
2000s teen drama films
Films shot in North Carolina
American teen drama films
Films set in Indiana
2007 drama films
Films scored by Michael Suby
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20of%20the%20Giants |
ServiceMaster Brands is an American privately held company owned by Roark Capital Group that provides residential and commercial services. Its headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, after moving there in 2020 from Memphis, Tennessee.
Brands operated by ServiceMaster include ServiceMaster Clean, ServiceMaster Restore, Merry Maids, AmeriSpec, Furniture Medic, Two Men and a Truck, Indoor Science and Aftermath Services. The core services of the company are disaster response and restoration, janitorial services, professional home cleaning, furniture repair and home inspections.
ServiceMaster has more than 7,000 company-owned and franchise locations around the world. It has 13,000 corporate employees and a franchise network that independently employs over 33,000 additional people. In 2007, the company had approximately 5,500 locations.
History
ServiceMaster was founded in 1929 by Marion E. Wade, a minor league baseball player, as a moth-proofing company in Chicago, Illinois. It was incorporated in 1947 and expanded to franchised carpet cleaning in 1952. Its movement into business services makes it a large outsourcing company.
In the 1980s, the company acquired several branch and franchise-based service companies including Terminix, TruGreen, Merry Maids, and American Home Shield. In 2001, ServiceMaster divested its management services businesses to focus more on its residential and commercial business.
A group of equity sponsors led by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (CD&R) acquired ServiceMaster in July 2007 and took the company private. In the same year, the company moved its headquarters from Downers Grove, Ill., to Memphis, Tenn.
In 2011, Hank Mullany, former executive vice president of Walmart U.S. and president of northern U.S. Walmart, was appointed as CEO for all ServiceMaster brands. Robert J. Gillette was appointed chief executive officer in June 2013.
As of January 1, 2014, TruGreen is no longer a brand of ServiceMaster, having instead become a separate privately held company. TruGreen acquired Scotts Lawn Service in 2016.
ServiceMaster Global Holdings, Inc., then the parent of ServiceMaster Brands, announced on June 25, 2014, that it had priced an initial public offering of 35,900,000 shares of common stock at $17.00 per share. The shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on June 25, 2014, under the ticker symbol SERV. The company continues to be majority-owned by private equity firms Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, StepStone Group and Ridgemont Equity Partners, and JPMorgan Chase Funding.
ServiceMaster moved its global headquarters from East Memphis to Peabody Place in Downtown Memphis in June 2018.
Nikhil Varty was appointed chief executive officer in July 2017.
On July 26, 2017, ServiceMaster Global Holdings, Inc. announced a plan to spin-off its American Home Shield business from its Terminix and Franchise Services Group into a separate publicly-traded company.
In October 2020, Roark Capital Group purchased ServiceMaster Brands.
In August 2021, ServiceMaster Brands purchased Two Men and a Truck, a family-owned moving franchise.
In April 2022, ServiceMaster Brands purchased Aftermath Services, a privately owned trauma & biohazard cleanup company.
Brands
ServiceMaster Clean (established 1952): Janitorial and carpet cleaning
Terminix (founded 1927, acquired 1986, separation 2020): pest control; divested from Terminix Global holdings October 2020
Merry Maids (acquired 1988): maid services
American Home Shield (acquired 1989); spun off in 2018
Furniture Medic (acquired 1996): furniture repair
Rescue Industries and American Residential Services, now known as ARS/Rescue Rooter: RI acquired in 1998; ARS acquired and merged with RI 1999; sold 2006
ServiceMaster Restore (established 2013): disaster restoration
AmeriSpec (acquired 2007): home inspection
Two Men and a Truck (acquired 2021)
Aftermath Services (established 1996, acquired 2022): trauma & biohazard cleaning
Indoor Science (acquired 2022)
Amerispec is a franchisor which sells and supports residential and commercial inspection services franchisees throughout the United States and Canada. The company's main services are general home inspection, relocation inspections and commercial property inspections. AmeriSpec has around 300 independently owned and operated franchises in the United States and Canada.
AmeriSpec History
1987 – AmeriSpec incorporated in Orange County, California
1988 – begins to provide home inspection franchises. Since its inception, the company has conducted in excess of 2 million quality home inspections.
Jan. 2007 – After previously being a wholly owned subsidiary of American Home Shield, the company was sold to the ServiceMaster Holding Company and was placed under the leadership of the other ServiceMaster Brands.
References
AmeriSpec sources
External links
Business services companies of the United States
Companies based in Atlanta
Business services companies established in 1929
Franchises
1929 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ServiceMaster |
Green Spring Run is an tributary stream of the North Branch Potomac River in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Green Spring Run rises in Greenwood Hollow north of Springfield and meanders northeast through Green Spring Valley. The South Branch Valley Railroad and Green Spring Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 1) run parallel to the stream. It runs through the community of Green Spring, from which the stream takes its name. From Green Spring, Green Spring Run flows east where it reaches its confluence with the North Branch Potomac shortly before the North Branch joins with the South Branch Potomac River to form the Potomac River.
According to the Geographic Names Information System, Green Spring Run has also been known as Greenspring Creek.
See also
List of rivers of West Virginia
References
Rivers of Hampshire County, West Virginia
Rivers of West Virginia
Tributaries of the Potomac River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Spring%20Run |
Jeam Abad is a town near Mashad in the east of Iran near its border with Afghanistan.
Populated places in Razavi Khorasan Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam-Abad |
Heartfire (1998) is an alternate history/fantasy novel by American writer Orson Scott Card. It is the fifth book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son. Heartfire was nominated for the Locus Award in 1999.
Plot summary
Alvin marries Peggy, and they conceive a daughter (not born by the end of the book).
Alvin, Verily Cooper, Arthur Stuart, and Mike Fink are joined by John James Audubon, a French-speaking painter of birds. This group go to a Puritan-dominated place near Boston and end up confronting the witch laws.
Meanwhile, Peggy has gone to the Crown Colonies - slave states that ruled by the Stuart dynasty in exile - in an attempt to free the slaves.
Purity is introduced, a Puritan girl whose parents were hanged for their knacks, which are considered witchcraft by the Puritans. Purity meets Alvin's band and Arthur Stuart tells her the whole story of their travels. Purity goes away convinced they are witches and tells a local witcher, Quill, who is evil and twists her words against her and the boys. Quill intends to hang them as well as Purity.
Alvin whisks away Arthur Stuart, Mike Fink, and Audubon by leading them into the greensong that lets them run hundreds of miles without tiring, but turning back without the others en route. Alvin gives himself up to the men sent to bring in the "witches" while Verily hides for the moment.
Quill has both Purity and Alvin running in tight circles to wear them down - a semi-legal form of torture, intended to make them confess to witchery. Verily comes by and loudly scolds Quill in front of the crowd, saying it's inhumane.
At the trial, Verily Cooper makes a case for overturning the witchery laws: in all previous witch trials, it was the witcher who brought up any connection with Satan, while the defendant had been too beaten down to resist. The judge, John Adams, is sympathetic, but realizes that a sudden overthrow of long-kept laws will cause social instability. However, based on Verily's evidence, he suspends the licenses of all witchers in New England for alleged misconduct; since, to reinstate their licenses, a witcher would have to prove his claims in a normal court, and since this is impossible, it effectively ends the practice of witch trials while leaving the laws on the books.
Calvin has come back to America from France with Honoré de Balzac, the French boy-writer. The two meet up with Peggy and Calvin gets himself in serious trouble.
See also
List of works by Orson Scott Card
References
External links
About the novel Heartfire from Card's website
Heartfire at Worlds Without End
1998 American novels
The Tales of Alvin Maker series novels
American fantasy novels
American alternate history novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartfire |
Merry Maids is an international franchisor which sells and supports residential cleaning services franchises throughout the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Merry Maids was founded in 1979, and was acquired by ServiceMaster in 1988. In 2007, the company had 1,400 independently owned and operated franchises worldwide and over 8,000 employees.
History
Timeline
1979 – Merry Maids was founded in Omaha, Nebraska, by Dallen Peterson and his family.
1988 – ServiceMaster Brands purchases Merry Maids.
Labor relations
Several Merry Maids franchisees in the United States have been sued by their employees and by United States federal agencies for labor law violations. In 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit upheld an unfair labor practice order issued by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) against a Merry Maids franchisee, Merry Maids of Boston, in a dispute over the right of a labor union to hold a union representation election among its employees. The First Circuit ruled that the NLRB had jurisdiction in the case, and rejected the franchisee's claim that the behavior of certain employees made a fair election impossible.
Safety record
In 2015, Northampton's Merry Maids franchise was awarded a Governor’s Award for Safety Excellence by the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, with a record of no work-related injuries for over 1,580 days and no work-related fatalities in 23 years of operation.
See also
List of cleaning companies
Cleaning company Live Clean Today
References
External links
Official Website
Franchises
American companies established in 1979
Business services companies established in 1979
Cleaning companies of the United States
Companies based in Memphis, Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merry%20Maids |
The first newspaper in the United Arab Emirates was published in 1970. In 2009 there were 13 daily newspapers in the country.
Newspapers in the United Arab Emirates
English language
Gulf News (India, Dubai)
GCC Business News (Dubai)
Khaleej Times (India, Dubai)
7days (Dubai)
247 City News (Dubai)
Dubai Standard (Dubai)
Emirates Business 24/7 (Dubai)
The Arabian Post (Dubai)
Emirati Times
Khaleej Mag
Gulf Today (Sharjah)
The National (Abu Dhabi)
Sport360 (Dubai)
XPRESS (Dubai)
Arabic language
Al Khaleej (Sharjah)
Akhbar Al Arab (Abu Dhabi)
Al Bayan (Dubai)
Al Fajr (Abu Dhabi)
Al-Ittihad (Al Waseet) (Abu Dhabi)
Emarat Al Youm (Dubai)
Araa News (Ajman)
Malayalam
Gulf Madhyamam Daily (Dubai)
Middle East Chandrika Daily (Dubai)
Manorama Daily (Dubai)
Mathrubhumi Daily (Dubai)
Siraj Daily (Dubai)
Gulf Malayaly
TAMIL language
DAILYTHANTHI (DINATHANTHI) Daily (Dubai)
Chinese language
Nihao Newspaper (Dubai)
Russian language
Komsomolskaya Pravda (Dubai)
Spanish language
Vivir en Dubai Mag
El Correo del Golfo (Dubai)
English-Filipino language
The Filipino Times (Abu Dhabi/Dubai)
Kabayan Weekly (Dubai and Northern Emirates/Abu Dhabi)
References
Further reading
External links
United Arab Emirates
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20the%20United%20Arab%20Emirates |
Dil Aashna Hai () is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language romance film produced and directed by Hema Malini under the H. M. Creations banner. It stars Divya Bharti, Shah Rukh Khan, Jeetendra, Mithun Chakraborty, Dimple Kapadia, Amrita Singh and Sonu Walia in pivotal roles. The music was composed by Anand–Milind. This was the first film Shahrukh Khan signed in 1991 but due to delays, Deewana ended up releasing first which marked his debut in Bollywood. The movie is adapted from the TV miniseries Lace which was based on the novel of the same name by author Shirley Conran. Divya Bharti was given a bigger and central role in the film compared to the other actors.
Plot
Laila, brought up in a brothel, is a cabaret dancer in Digvijay Singh's five-star hotel. One day, Laila receives a phone call from her mother who was on her deathbed, and told her a shocking truth that she was not her real mother, and that Laila was an adopted child.
Karan falls in love with Laila and decides to help her in the search for her real mother. Her search leads them to Razia, who divulges that 18 years ago, there were three girls in her college - Barkha, Raaj and Salma. They were in love with their respective boyfriends - Sunil, Prince Arjun, and Akram. One day they found out that one of them is pregnant. They took a house from Razia and got the baby delivered. Soon when the baby was six months old, she was sent to Razia and they promised that whoever from them will be the first to get married will adopt her, and they named her Sitara. Karan finds out that Barkha is now the health and welfare minister, Raaj is training horses for polo and has married Arjun, and Salma is the principal of St. Teresa's (the college she studied in) and has married Akram. They are also no longer in touch with each other.
Karan and Laila invite the three women giving them different reasons for the invitation. After a dance show by Laila, when Laila/Sitara confronts them, they turn and go away. It was revealed that Salma was the first one to marry, but was scared to tell her in-laws about Sitara. Digvijay Singh throws Laila out of his hotel, and when she was about to get attacked by a street gang, Prince Arjun rescues her and takes her home. During a Diwali party, a person insults Sitara in front of everyone, and then Barkha confesses that she is Sitara's mother. While she was about to go and give her resignation letter, Sitara asks her about her father and Barkha tells her that he left for the United States for some kind of military training and she never heard from him again. Raaj and Salma come to pay a visit to Sitara, while Barkha goes to resign from her job. However, some thugs sent by Digvijay Singh and Govardhan Das kidnap Sitara, Raaj, and Salma. Karan goes to rescue them with Barkha and Prince, while fighting, suddenly Sunil comes as a navy officer. One of the goons was about to shoot Karan when Digvijay Singh comes and shoots the goon and accepts Sitara.
Cast
Jeetendra as Prince Arjun Singh
Mithun Chakraborty as Sunil
Dimple Kapadia as Barkha
Amrita Singh as Rajlaxmi Singh
Sonu Walia as Salma Baig
Kabir Bedi as Rai Bahadur Digvijay Singh
Divya Bharti as Laila / Sitara
Shah Rukh Khan as Karan Singh
Naseer Abdullah as Akram Allahabadi Baig
Pankaj Udhas as himself (friendly appearance)
Raza Murad as Govardhan Das
Amarjeet Mukherjee as Chandu
Farida Jalal as Razia
Beena Banerjee as Shobha Singh
Sushma Seth as Mrs. Baig
Soundtrack
Box office
Dil Aashna Hai was an average success at the box-office. Its budget was ₹0.18 crore and it earned just ₹0.1 crore on opening day and was declared a "disaster" by Box Office India.
Despite the film appealing to a niche audience due to its progressive theme; the late Divya Bharti as the central protagonist was impressive and it is considered one of her best performances.
It was one of Shahrukh Khan's early romantic roles and his chemistry with Divya Bharti (whom he also co-starred with in his debut film Deewana (1992)), was also appreciated.
The performances of senior actresses Dimple Kapadia, Amrita Singh and Sonu Walia in supporting roles were also appreciated.
This film marked Hema Malini's directorial debut.
References
External links
1992 films
Films scored by Anand–Milind
1990s Hindi-language films
1992 directorial debut films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil%20Aashna%20Hai |
ServiceMaster Clean is a company that provides cleaning and disinfecting services in commercial, healthcare and religious facilities throughout the United States, Canada and ten other countries. As a franchised business, franchises provide both commercial and residential services.
History
The ServiceMaster Company was founded in 1929 as a moth-proofing company in Chicago, Illinois, by Marion E. Wade, a former minor league baseball player. In 1937, it expanded into rug and carpet cleaning, and the first in-home carpet cleaning customer was served using products developed by Wade.
The ServiceMaster Company incorporated in 1947, with six employees and revenue of $125,000. In 1952, the first franchise was sold, establishing one of country's first franchise business models. The ServiceMaster Clean name was now in use.
In the late 20th century, further expansion of The ServiceMaster Company’s Consumer Services business formed a network of service companies. Headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee, this network included ServiceMaster Clean, Terminix, TruGreen, Merry Maids, Furniture Medic and AmeriSpec.
Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, Inc. (CD&R), based in New York City, acquired The ServiceMaster Company in 2007. In 2011, Hank Mullany, a former Walmart executive, was appointed as CEO for all ServiceMaster brands, and Thomas J. Coba, former COO of Subway, was named president of ServiceMaster's franchise brands, including ServiceMaster Clean, Merry Maids, Furniture Medic and AmeriSpec.
The company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in 2014. Nikhil Varty was appointed as chief executive officer in July 2017. In 2018, ServiceMaster spun off frontdoor, inc., the parent company of American Home Shield.
In October 2020, Roark Capital Group purchased ServiceMaster Brands, including ServiceMaster Clean.
Organizational structure
ServiceMaster Clean, a subsidiary of ServiceMaster Brands, has 4,500 independently owned and operated franchises worldwide. Its sister companies include ServiceMaster Restore, Merry Maids, AmeriSpec and FurnitureMedic.
Its primary service areas are cleaning and disinfection services in commercial and healthcare spaces. The company has a number of patents.
See also
List of cleaning companies
References
Retail companies established in 1929
Business services companies established in 1929
Cleaning companies of the United States
1929 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ServiceMaster%20Clean |
Alvin Journeyman (1995) is an alternate history/fantasy novel by American writer Orson Scott Card. It is the fourth book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son. Alvin Journeyman won the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 1996.
Plot summary
Alvin is a Maker, and he can make a new future for America. However, to do that he must defeat his ancient enemy, the Unmaker, whose cruel whispers and deadly plots have threatened Alvin's life at every turn.
Now a grown man and a journeyman smith, Alvin has returned to his family and friends in the town of Vigor Church to share in their isolation, to work as a blacksmith, and to try to teach anyone who will learn the knack of being a Maker. Alvin has had a vision of the city he will build, and he knows that he cannot build it alone.
However, the Unmaker is not through with Alvin. If that spirit of destruction cannot stop him by magic or by war and devastation, it will try to crush the young Maker by simpler means: more human means. By lies and innuendo and by false accusations, Alvin is driven from his home back to Hatrack River, only to find that the Unmaker has been there before him and that he must now stand trial for his life. Against him in the trial is Daniel Webster.
Meanwhile, Alvin's brother Calvin has started to grow into his own knacks, which he views to be equal to Alvin's. When Alvin returned to Vigor Church; he found that Calvin had been doing all if the jobs that Alvin had done prior to his apprenticeship. When Alvin started to teach how to be a Maker, Calvin resented how he felt he was being treated and decided to learn how to be a Maker on his own but by any means that he deems necessary. He finds passage to the United Kingdom and then to the courtship of Emperor Napoleon, who is in Paris, to treat him for his gout. By healing Napoleon's pain each day, Calvin spends a few hours a day learning on how to rule. Calvin makes a friend in Paris; leaves with him to Américain; and leaves Napoleon, who is healed from ever feeling pain again.
Intertextuality
The song that Alvin makes up during his stay in the Hatrack River jail contains a reference to Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings trilogy.
See also
List of works by Orson Scott Card
References
External links
About the novel Alvin Journeyman from Card's website
Alvin Journeyman at Worlds Without End
1995 American novels
The Tales of Alvin Maker series novels
American fantasy novels
American alternate history novels
1995 fantasy novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin%20Journeyman |
Profiles is Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason's second studio album and 10cc guitarist Rick Fenn's debut studio album. It was released on 29 July 1985 by Harvest Records. The album (along with Nick Mason's Fictitious Sports and the soundtrack to the film White of the Eye) was remastered and reissued on 31 August 2018 as part of the box set Unattended Luggage.
Songs
The album is almost entirely instrumental, save for two songs; "Lie for a Lie", featuring Pink Floyd's lead vocalist and guitarist David Gilmour with singer Maggie Reilly, and "Israel", sung by UFO keyboardist Danny Peyronel.
Track listing
All tracks written by Rick Fenn and Nick Mason, except where noted.
Side one
"Malta" – 6:00
"Lie for a Lie" (Fenn, Mason, Danny Peyronel) – 3:16
"Rhoda" – 3:22
"Profiles Part 1/Profiles Part 2" – 9:58
Side two
"Israel" (Fenn, Peyronel) – 3:30
"And the Address" – 2:45
"Mumbo Jumbo" – 3:53
"Zip Code" – 3:05
"Black Ice" – 3:37
"At the End of the Day" – 2:35
"Profiles Part 3" – 1:55
Non-album track
"Lie for a Lie" (Fenn, Mason, Peyronel) (12" Mix) – 5:54
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the Profiles liner notes.
Musicians
Nick Mason — drums, keyboards, percussion, composing
Rick Fenn — guitars, keyboards, composing
Mel Collins — saxophone on "Rhoda", "And the Address", "Mumbo Jumbo", and "Black Ice"
David Gilmour — vocals on "Lie for a Lie"
Maggie Reilly — vocals on "Lie for a Lie"
Danny Peyronel — vocals on "Israel"
Craig Pruess — Emulator brass on "Malta"
Aja Fenn — keyboard intro on "Malta"
References
External links
1985 albums
Harvest Records albums
EMI Records albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums produced by Nick Mason
Nick Mason albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profiles%20%28Nick%20Mason%20and%20Rick%20Fenn%20album%29 |
Walter Nowick (January 29, 1926—February 6, 2013) was an American teacher of Rinzai Zen. He was a Juilliard-trained pianist and a veteran of World War II. He studied Zen in Japan for 16 years while teaching university-level piano and voice, then returned to the United States to teach music and Zen in Surry, Maine, where he founded Moonspring Hermitage. He later founded the Surry Opera Company in the mid-1980s and retired from formal Zen teaching in 1985.
Biography
Early years
Nowick's parents were immigrants of Russian-Polish origin. He grew up on a potato farm on Long Island, New York. He showed an early talent for music and studied piano at Juilliard School with Henriette Michaelson. She summered in Surry, and he first came to Maine as a teenager to study with her.
He left his piano study to serve in the Pacific during World War II, taking part in the final sweep of Okinawa after the island had surrendered. He eventually returned to his piano studies with Michaelson, who introduced him to Zen. He began sitting at the First Zen Institute of America, where Michaelson was a member.
Japan
Nowick went to Japan in 1950 to study Zen with Zuigan Gotō of Daitoku-ji. Nowick stayed in Japan for around 16 years until Zuigan Gotō's death in 1965. Janwillem van de Wetering lived a year and a half in Daitoku-Ji with Nowick, and described this in The Empty Mirror. Sōkō Morinaga, Walter Nowick's Dharma brother, wrote in Novice to Master about traditional practices at the time Nowick first went to Japan.
During Nowick's years in Japan he supported himself teaching piano and voice at the Kyoto Women's University. Nowick became known in the United States Zen community, which was very small at the time, as the first Westerner to have gone to Japan and completed the traditional Zen practice on their terms. Nowick was not given formal Dharma transmission—a point emphasized by Sōkō Morinaga Roshi during a visit to London. Nowick was also never ordained a priest but instead remained a layman. Three students of Zuigan Gotō are listed: Oda Sessō, Sōkō Morinaga and Walter Nowick.
Moonspring Hermitage
After the death of Zuigan Gotō in 1965, Nowick returned to the United States and began teaching Japanese musicians at his farm in Surry. After a few years, students of Zen began to arrive and many settled nearby. Some built homes on land provided by Nowick, sometimes living on his farm. These included both individuals and families with children. A student organization was incorporated as Moonspring Hermitage, a non-profit religious group, with a board of officers elected from among the students. The students built a zendo and meeting hall on Nowick's land, with an agreement specifying that the corporation and buildings belonged to the students and that the land would be turned over to them after 15 years.
A Rinzai Zen-style practice was established, though Nowick did not practice many of the externals of Japanese Zen, such as chants, robes, Buddhist names, lectures, precepts, and so on. Instead there was just work on his farm and koan study. At its peak in the mid-1970s, the group's membership was around 40 people. In 1975, Janwillem van de Wetering documented his experiences in this community in A Glimpse of Nothingness. His third Zen-book Afterzen was dedicated to Nowick.
Surry Opera Company
In the mid-1980s, concerned with the looming possibility of nuclear holocaust, Nowick founded the Surry Opera Company, an amateur group that intended to strengthen ties with the Soviet Union at a citizen level. This group went to the USSR a number of times and received national attention.
In 1985, shortly after the founding of the opera company, some of his students became concerned that he was spending too much time on the project. He offered his resignation as a teacher, which was accepted by the student committee, and devoted himself to music full-time. After some legal wrangling, the property reverted, as had been agreed before the student committee accepted his resignation, to the corporation, which had been reconstituted as the Morgan Bay Zendo (MBZ), with Nowick reserving some rights of usage. The MBZ has used and maintained the property ever since, with Walter visiting occasionally.
Nowick continued to live in Surry much of his life, spending some of the winter in Japan and Russia. In the summer, he gave piano concerts and received Russian guests for extended visits.
Nowick suffered a stroke in 2012 and also developed pneumonia. In declining health, he removed his feeding tube shortly before his death in the early hours of February 6, 2013. He was 87 years old.
See also
Buddhism in the United States
List of Rinzai Buddhists
Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States
References
Sources
External links
Article on Walter Nowick featured in ellsworthamerican.com
Photograph of Walter Nowick, 2004
Dana Sawyer, Tricycle Magazine (2009), Down East Roshi
James Shaheen, Tricycle Magazine (2011), Zen Sinners, Zen Saints: Tricycle Responds. Response to Stuart Lachs' When the Saints Go Marching In: Modern Day Zen Hagiography
Rinzai Buddhists
American Zen Buddhists
1926 births
2013 deaths
Place of birth missing
People from Long Island
People from Surry, Maine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Nowick |
Terminix International Company, L.P. is one of the largest pest control companies in the world, operating in 47 states in the United States and 70+ countries around the world. It is a subsidiary of UK-based Rentokil Initial.
History
In 1927, E. L. Bruce, owner of the E. L. Bruce Company in Memphis, Tennessee, wanted to find a way to protect the hardwood floors they manufactured from damage by termites and founded the Bruce Terminix Research Laboratory. In 1932, senior chemist Frank Lyons created the first termiticide, an insecticide specifically designed to kill termites. The company began to franchise under the name Bruce Terminix. In 1955, Terminix was the first company to offer a termite protection contract, with annual inspections and a guarantee. In 1957, franchisees began offering residential and commercial pest control services.
In 1968, the E. L. Bruce Company, including Bruce Terminix, was sold to Cook Industries. The company began looking to expand its business both inside and outside of the United States and purchased a pest control company in Mexico. Terminix partnered with Sears, Roebuck and Company to offer pest control services under the Sears Termite and Pest Control name. In 1972, the company changed their name to Terminix International to highlight their expanded operations.
ServiceMaster, a global holding company, purchased Terminix from Cook Industries in 1986. It continued to acquire pest control companies, including former franchisees, to become the largest pest control company in the world by 1990. The company expanded into Europe in 1994 with the acquisition of Peter Cox PLC, a pest-control and wood preservation business in Britain. In 2001, Terminix purchased its former partner, Sears Termite and Pest Control. In 2007, ServiceMaster moved its main offices from Downers Grove, Illinois to the site of Terminix's headquarters in Memphis, Tennessee.
Over the first three months of 2009, Terminix acquired nine pest management companies across seven states. In December 2012, Terminix closed six acquisitions adding over $10 million in revenue. In November 2015, Terminix acquired the Utah-based company, Alterra Pest Control. Terminix started its foray into Canada in 2013 when it acquired Magical Pest Control, based in Toronto, and Vancouver-based Care Pest & Wildlife Control. Terminix's parent company at the time, ServiceMaster, held its IPO in June 2014. In 2015, Terminix Canada announced the acquisition of Excel Pest Control, based in Fredericton, and St. John's-based Cabot Pest Control. A year later, Terminix Canada acquired Halifax-based Ace Pest Control. In October 2020, ServiceMaster Global Holdings, Inc., sold its ServiceMaster Brands segment and associated trademarks to Roark Capital, and subsequently changed its name to Terminix Global Holdings, Inc., and its NYSE ticker symbol to TMX. Then came the acquisition of the pest control division of Canada-based Citron Hygiene in 2021. The most recent Canadian acquisition was Newmarket-based Environmental Pest Control, also in 2021. Service Master is the parent company for Terminix.
In December 2021, UK-based Rentokil Initial announced that it would acquire Terminix for $6.7 billion. The acquisition was closed on October 12, 2022.
Products
Terminix works with residential and commercial customers for pest control services including termite, mosquito and bed bug treatments, as well as insulation options.
Terminix released the environmentally safe mosquito bait Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait in 2014. The garlic oil makes mosquitoes sick and kills 90 percent of the mosquitoes within three weeks. The company also produces AllClear mosquito repellant, which is an all natural mix of essential oils.
Legal proceedings
In May 2008, termite inspectors in California sued ServiceMaster and its Terminix unit for failure to pay overtime, rest breaks, and other work-required expenses. Terminix held that termite inspectors were outside sales employees. In June 2011, the U.S. District Court held that termite inspections are not sales activities. The case was filed as a class action, and class action case was denied, while Individual claims were allowed.
In March 2016, Terminix settled with the United States Department of Justice over illegal use of banned pesticides in the United States Virgin Islands and the poisoning of a family vacationing there. The family of four was poisoned when the unit below their rented villa was fumigated with the highly toxic methyl bromide, which has been banned from indoor use in the United States since 1984.
In 2020, “ An investigation by the Alabama Attorney General’s office and the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries revealed that Terminix engaged in a pattern of collecting annual termite protection premiums from Alabama consumers, but failed to deliver or provide the termite protection services promised in the contracts consumers had with Terminix.” The company agreed to a $60 million settlement with the Department of Agriculture, largely directed at consumers.
In popular culture
In 1971, Stan Freberg won Clio Awards for three of his radio commercials for Terminix, entitled "Vintage Floorboards," "Interview," and "Blue Tennis Shoes."
In 1983, the film Mr. Mom featured a reference to Terminix technicians.
In 2010, Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim claimed at Comic-Con that they had partnered with Terminix for an upcoming release of their movie "Blues Brothers 2012". In this film, the Blues Brothers would take the roles of Terminix technicians.
In June 2015, Terminix provided Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait around the clubhouse and golf course of TPC Southwind for the FedEx St. Jude Classic tournament. That same month, Terminix released "Mosquitonado," a movie trailer parody during National Mosquito Control Awareness Week. The trailer featured Sharknado star Tara Reid.
References
External links
Official Canadian website
American companies established in 1927
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
Chemical companies established in 1927
Business services companies established in 1927
Pest control companies of the United States
Companies based in Memphis, Tennessee
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
1927 establishments in Tennessee
2022 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminix |
American Residential Services (ARS) is a United States network of plumbing, and home and commercial heating and air conditioning (HVAC) businesses, operating under the trade name ARS/Rescue Rooter. The trade name came from the acquisition and merging of ARS and Rescue Rooter by their then-parent company ServiceMaster. They have locations in 24 states. The company is based in Memphis, Tennessee. The ARS mascots are Dandy and his sidekick Pronto.
History
ARS was established in 1975. The name "Rescue Rooter" was trademarked in 1976 by the California-based Rescue Industries Inc. It was a family-owned West Coast plumbing and drain cleaning company. In 1996, ARS was founded to consolidate local and regional HVAC service companies. Shortly after, The Servicemaster Company, based in Downers Grove, Illinois, acquired both Rescue Rooter and ARS, in 1998 and 1999 respectively, and brought them together under the "ARS/Service Express" brand. The company eventually dropped the "Service Express brand and the parent brand was known primarily as “ARS/Rescue Rooter.”
In October 2006, ARS/Rescue Rooter was then acquired from ServiceMaster by two private equity firms, Caxton-Iseman Capital and Royal Palm Capital Partners, for $100 million. In May 2014, ARS was acquired by Charlesbank Capital Partners from Caxton-Iseman Capital and Royal Palm Capital Partners.
References
Further reading
External links
Official website
Rescue Rooter website
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Companies based in Memphis, Tennessee
Plumbing
Service companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Residential%20Services |
This is a list of newspapers in Vietnam.
Báo Ảnh Việt Nam
Báo Biên phòng
Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam
Báo Tin tức
Bất động sản Việt Nam
Cảnh sát nhân dân
Công lý
Công nghiệp Quốc phòng và Kinh tế
Công an nhân dân
Công thương
Đầu tư
Người đưa tin Pháp luật
Hải quân Việt Nam
Le Courrier du Vietnam
Chính trị và Phát triển
Đại biểu Nhân dân
Người lao động
Nhân Dân
Pháp luật Việt Nam
Phòng không – Không quân
Quân đội nhân dân
Quốc phòng Thủ đô
Quốc phòng toàn dân
Sài Gòn Giải Phóng
Tạp chí Cộng sản
Tạp chí Văn hiến Việt Nam
Thanh Niên
Thời báo Tài chính Việt Nam
Thời đại
Tiền Phong
Tiếng nói Việt Nam
Tuổi Trẻ
Văn nghệ Quân đội
Y học Quân sự
Below is a list of websites published in Vietnam in alphabetical order.
24h.com.vn
Báo Mới
Báo Điện tử Chính phủ nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
Việt Báo
VietNamNet
Việt Nam News
VnExpress
See also
Media of Vietnam
List of newspapers
List of non-English-language newspapers in New South Wales#Vietnamese
References
Vietnam
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Vietnam |
WUOG (90.5 FM) is a student-run college radio station licensed in Athens, Georgia. The station serves the Athens area and is currently owned by the University of Georgia.
History
The station first broadcast on October 16, 1972, with a 3,200 watt signal. In 1977, WUOG's wattage was increased to 10,000 watts, and in 1994 the station reached its current 26,000 watts, making it one of the most powerful college stations in the country. The transmitter sits atop on the UGA campus, broadcasting at an effective radius of 60 miles or 100 km.
With the exception of a period of time in 1981 and 2005 when the station was shut down for non-compliance of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules, WUOG has operated for 18 to 24 hours each day. The station is maintained and run entirely by a 200-student staff of volunteers. 18 executive members oversee the staff and the day-to-day operation of the station.
WUOG offers regular rotation programming as well as specialty shows. "Rotation" consists of new and old music of any genre that falls within the bounds of WUOG's music philosophy. Once stated as the axiom "If they don't need us, we don't need them", the music philosophy strives to include artists whose music is rarely heard elsewhere. WUOG also carries specialty show programming ranging from Middle Eastern music to new wave, oldies to bluegrass music. News shows, talk shows and sports shows air throughout the week. The program "Live in the Lobby," broadcast on Tuesday and Thursday each week, features live on air in-studio sessions from local Georgia musical artists.
It was on WUOG that R.E.M. were first broadcast; a live recording of "Hippy, Hippy Shake" was played in the summer of 1980. Drummer Bill Berry was also in a short-lived combo of radio personalities from the station, known as the WUOGerz.
In late June 2006, it was discovered that the station was causing electromagnetic interference to a nuclear chemistry laboratory on campus. To alleviate this, the station temporarily went off-air on weekdays from 7AM and resumed broadcast at 4PM, as well as late nights and weekends, while the lab work was done. Electronic filters eliminated the problem on July 13, allowing WUOG to return to a normal schedule.
On February 21, 2009, the lobby of the new WUOG station inside of Tate was named in honor of Wilbur Herrington. The Wilbur Herrington Lobby memorializes Wilbur's service as station engineer since the station's first broadcast in 1972. Herrington had received help in the early stages of applying for an FCC license from broadcast engineers at Athens commercial station WRFC(AM) (960 kHz), chiefly Larry Melear (a graduate of the UGA School of Broadcasting) and Everett Langford.
Shows
2 Girls, 1 Cat — A talk show about cats.
3 Missed Calls — Eclectic mix of moody electronic and R&B. (Last Active Fall 2015)
Afternoon Twee - Twee pop. (Active Fall 2012)
AM in the PM — Weekly sports program filled to the brim with news, commentary, and the occasional insult.
The Asian Equation — Your weekly source of discussion surrounding Asian culture and identity! (Formerly known as The East Side From the East) (Last active Spring 2020)
Athenian Eats — Covering the Athens food scene weekly on 90.5
Athens Journal — Flagship news from WUOG.
Ball Today – Legendary sports talk show hosted by Ben, Bo, Fart, and Connor and produced by Caleb.
Beyond The Hedges — A morning drive time talk show.
Boiling Point — Punk and hardcore from the 70s to today.
The Discourse Docket — Just two bros dissecting the news through the lens of the progressive left and providing local activists with a platform to share their ideas. (Formerly, the Brogressive Left)
Crisis — Noise and experimental.
D90.5 — Danger! Adventure! Graph paper! WUOG's DJs play some good ol' fashioned Dungeons and Dragons on-air
Film Thing — All things cinema, spoiler-free.
Friday Pregame Show — A weekly show taking an irreverent look at the world of sports.
Friendly Folk — Psychedelic folk, anti-folk and other hyphenated folk genres.(Last active Spring 2012)
Folk Scene — Gospel, old time folk music, and classics.
God Save the Queen — Brit-pop and all music from the UK.
Global Warming — International music.
Happening Thing — 1960s garage rock, hard psychedelia, freakbeat, and assorted proto-punk.
Heretic Harvest
Halftime Hip-Hop Show — Underground hip-hip, R&B and rap.
High Noon Sports Show — Flagship sports news program.
Jitters & Rags — 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s pop, swing, and big band. (first on air in 2007)
Keeping it Classy - Classical music.
Khmer Groove - East Asian pop music.
Lavender Pillow — 1.5 hrs of ambient music.
Live in the Lobby — Local bands playing for live and radio audiences. Followed by "Sound of the City" featuring bands from Athens and Atlanta.
Miliki Sound System — Pop music from all over Africa. Formerly known as Afrika.
Music for Ghosts and Ghouls — Gothic and Industrial inspired music (Active since Spring 2022 — Currently hosted by DJ G6 and DJ Spectral Presence).
Odd Man Out — Female vocalists.
Organic Compound - Electronic music, has taken different perspectives depending on the DJ who hosts.
Parties & Parodies — D&D 3.5 live on the air.
Perfect Sound Forever — Music from the 90s.
Pining for the Fjords - Music from the Netherlands and surrounding areas.
Purple Cow — Spoken word, poetry, and readings from literature.
Player's Picnic — Funk, soul, and R&B.
Radio Rx — Pharmacy-related topics and more.
Road Trip USA — Music from a weekly featured US city.
Saturdays Are For The Kids — "Young or old, big or small, Saturday mornings are fun for all!" Dedicated to playing kid-friendly music the whole family can enjoy
Smoke and Monitors — Vaporwave.
Souvenirs — Dance music spanning the decades. Formerly known as Paradise Garage.
Soft Scaley Underbelly — DJs are allowed to play artists that have charted in the Billboard Top 50, who would otherwise be considered "out of philosophy" for the station.
Talk of the Town — Athens talk from the people who know it best.
TechNight — Your weekly roundup of the digital world!
Tuesday Triple Play — A Sports Show about Sports and other stuff.
Untied — Shoegaze and dream-pop. (Active Fall 2012)
Writing for Now — (Last active Spring 2011)
Yeoboseyo! — Your local source for K-Groove and K-Wave sounds to expand your palette of Korean music further.
See also
Music of Athens, Georgia
Athens, GA: Inside Out
References
External links
http://www.wuog.org/
University of Georgia
UOG
UOG
Radio stations established in 1972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WUOG |
The press is a significant force in the Yemeni political arena. This is a list of newspapers in Yemen.
See also
Media of Yemen
References
External links
Yemen
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Yemen |
There are some 12 major newspapers published in North Korea and many other smaller ones. The most important newspapers are Rodong Sinmun, the organ of the Workers' Party of Korea, and Joson Inmingun, the newspaper of the Korean People's Army, followed by Chongnyon Jonwi, the Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth League paper.
List
General
(체육신문)
Choldo Sinmun(철도신문)
Chongnyon Jonwi, organ of the Central Committee of the Socialist Patriotic Youth League
Joson Inmingun, official newspaper of the Korean People's Army
Korean News Service (Chosun Tongsin,조선통신)
Minju Choson, official newspaper of the Cabinet of North Korea and the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
(농업근로자)
Rodong Chongnyon(로동청년)
Rodong Sinmun, the official organ of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. Considered a source of official North Korean viewpoints on many issues. In Korean and English.
Rodongja Sinmun, organ of the Central Committee of the General Federation of Trade Unions of Korea
Kyowŏn Sinmun(교원신문), official journal of and the teachers' union
Teen and children magazines
(새날신문) For middle school students in the Socialist Patriotic Youth League.
Sonyon Sinmun (소년신문) For children from 7 to 13.
City-provincial dailies
Kaesong Sinmun
Kangwon Ilbo
Hambuk Ilbo
Hamnam Ilbo
Hwangbuk Ilbo
Chaggang Ilbo
Pyongbuk Ilbo
Pyongnam Ilbo
Pyongyang Sinmun, Workers' Party of Korea Pyongyang Municipal Committee
The Pyongyang Times
Ryanggang Ilbo
Hwangnam Ilbo
Published abroad
Choson Sinbo, official newspaper of the Chongryon
Minjok Sibo
Rimjingang (unofficial, private publication)
See also
List of magazines in North Korea
Lists of newspapers in Korea
Media of North Korea
Lists of newspapers in Korea
List of newspapers in South Korea
References
North Korea
Newspapers
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20North%20Korea |
QRE can be an abbreviation for:
Quantal response equilibrium (game-theoretic term)
Quantified Regular Expression
Quick Reaction Element (military term)
Query and Reporting Environment
Quick Response Engine
Queens Road Elite
Quasi-Reference Electrode
Qualified Revolving Exposure (banking term)
Qualified Restoration (or Rehabilitation) Expenses (tax term)
(short for) Questionnaire (market research term) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QRE |
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