text stringlengths 3 277k | source stringlengths 31 193 |
|---|---|
The prime minister of Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since April 2019, the prime minister has been Manasseh Sogavare.
Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm; the functions of the head of state are performed on behalf of the monarch of Solomon Islands by the governor-general of Solomon Islands, who is nominated by Parliament.
The prime minister's official residence is Red House in Honiara.
List of prime ministers of Solomon Islands (1978–present)
See also
Deputy Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
Governor-General of Solomon Islands
Leader of the Opposition (Solomon Islands)
Leader of the Independent Members
References
Solomon Islands, List of Prime Ministers of
1978 establishments in the Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands politics-related lists
Lists of Solomon Islands people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20Minister%20of%20Solomon%20Islands |
Gagan Khoda (born 24 October 1974) is a former Indian cricketer. He played two One Day Internationals in 1998. Despite scoring 89 runs in one of those two innings, he never made it to the Indian team after those two matches.He is from Meena community.
He has been given due recognition now after his appointment as a National Selector by the BCCI on 9 November 2015, representing the Central Zone in the Selection Committee. Now has two children called aaryaman Khoda and aaryaveer Khoda.
Domestic career
In domestic cricket, he represented Rajasthan cricket team and Central Zone cricket team. Khoda, enjoyed an outstanding junior career before making a century on debut in the Ranji Trophy in 1991–92. A score of 237 in the Ranji quarter-final in 1994–95 further established him as a promising youngster. Now he has two son called Aaryaveer and Aaryaman .
Now actively retired from cricket, Gagan focuses his time and energy on running an outlet of India's largest laundry and dry-cleaning chain, UClean.
International career
He represented India in two One Day Internationals and scored 89 against Kenya and was Man of the Match. He scored 26 against Bangladesh in Coca-Cola tri-series 1997/98. He was one of the new openers that India had tried out. He also played in the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia, without much impact.
References
External links
1974 births
Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
India One Day International cricketers
Indian cricketers
Living people
Rajasthan cricketers
Central Zone cricketers
India national cricket team selectors
Commonwealth Games competitors for India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagan%20Khoda |
WTTC may refer to:
World Travel and Tourism Council
WTTC-FM, a radio station (95.3 FM) licensed to serve Towanda, Pennsylvania, United States
WTXW, a radio station (1550 AM) licensed to serve Towanda, Pennsylvania, which held the call sign WTTC from 1960 to 2022
Women's Tag Team Championship
World Tag Team Championship (WWE), a professional wrestling championship
World Table Tennis Championships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTTC |
The 2006 World Baseball Classic (WBC) was the inaugural tournament between national baseball teams that included players from Major League Baseball. It was held from March 3 to 20 in stadiums in or around Tokyo, Japan; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Lake Buena Vista, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; Scottsdale, Arizona; Anaheim, California; and San Diego, California.
The first two rounds had a round-robin format, which led to two teams being eliminated on run difference tiebreakers: in the first round, Canada was eliminated despite its 2–1 record, due to a blowout loss to Mexico as well as failing to run up the score on South Africa; and in the second round, eventual champion Japan advanced despite its 1–2 record, due to a blowout win over Mexico and losing more narrowly to South Korea than did the United States. The higher-seeded teams generally advanced to the second round, including Puerto Rico and Venezuela, as well as the teams mentioned elsewhere in this summary.
Although South Korea defeated Japan twice in the earlier rounds, they were matched against each other again in the semifinals as the two teams emerging from the same second round pool, and Japan won that game to advance to the final against Cuba (which had defeated the Dominican Republic in the other semifinal). Japan defeated Cuba 10–6 to be crowned the first champion of the World Baseball Classic.
Daisuke Matsuzaka, a NPB veteran who was little-known outside Japan at the time, was crowned the Most Valuable Player of the tournament. The following year, he made his debut in the Major Leagues with the Boston Red Sox.
Format
The first World Baseball Classic featured 16 teams in a round-robin. Each team played the other three teams in their pool once. Teams were ranked by winning percentage in the first round, with the top two teams in each pool advancing to the second round, where the teams from Pools A and B (in Pool 1) and the teams from Pools C and D (in Pool 2) competed against each other in another round-robin.
Teams were ranked by winning percentage in the second round, without regard to the results of the first round, with the top two teams from each pool entered a four-team single-elimination bracket, with the pool winners and runners-up from each pool facing each other in the semifinals. The winners of the semifinals then met to determine the World Baseball Classic Champions.
In the final, the team with the higher winning percentage of games in the tournament were to be the home team. If the teams competing in the final had identical winning percentages in the tournament, then World Baseball Classic, Inc. (WBCI) would conduct a coin flip or draw to determine the home team.
In the first two rounds, ties were to be broken in the following order of priority:
The winner of head-to-head games between the tied teams;
The team allowing the fewest runs per nine innings (RA/9) in head-to-head games between the tied teams;
The team allowing the fewest earned runs per nine innings (ERA) in head-to-head games between the tied teams;
The team with the highest batting average (AVG) in head-to-head games between the tied teams;
Drawing of lots, conducted by World Baseball Classic, Inc. (WBCI).
Rosters
Each participating national federation initially submitted a 45-man provisional roster. Final rosters of 28 players, which also must include a minimum of 13 pitchers and two catchers, were later submitted. If a player on the submitted roster was unable to play, usually due to injury, he could be substituted at any time before the start of the tournament.
Venues
Seven stadiums were used during the tournament:
Pools composition
The teams selected for the inaugural World Baseball Classic were chosen because they were judged to be the "best baseball-playing nations in the world and provide global representation for the event." There was no official qualifying competition. In addition, there were no world rankings by the International Baseball Federation to determine the strength of the countries.
First round
Pool A
|}
Pool B
|}
Pool C
|}
Pool D
|}
Second round
Pool 1
|}
Pool 2
|}
Championship round
Semifinals
|}
Semifinal 1 – Cuba 3, Dominican Republic 1
Semifinal 2 – Japan 6, South Korea 0
Final
|}
Final standings
Organizer WBCI has no interest in the final standings and did not compute. So, it was calculated by IBAF.
In the final standings, ties were to be broken in the following order of priority:
The team allowing the fewest runs per nine innings (RA/9) in all games;
The team allowing the fewest earned runs per nine innings (ERA) in all games;
The team with the highest batting average (AVG) in all games;
Attendance
737,112 (avg. 18,900; pct. 67.1%)
First round
326,629 (avg. 13,610; pct. 55.3%)
Pool A – 100,964 (avg. 16,827; pct. 40.1%)
Pool B – 91,205 (avg. 15,201; pct. 52.8%)
Chase Field – 65,464 (avg. 21,821; pct. 44.5%)
Scottsdale Stadium – 25,741 (avg. 8,580; pct. 100.9%)
Pool C – 74,472 (avg. 12,412; pct. 68.0%)
Pool D – 59,988 (avg. 9,998; pct. 105.2%)
Second round
283,880 (avg. 23,657; pct. 74.7%)
Pool 1 – 191,717 (avg. 31,953; pct. 70.9%)
Pool 2 – 92,163 (avg. 15,361; pct. 84.1%)
Championship round
126,603 (avg. 42,201; pct. 99.4%)
Semifinals – 83,907 (avg. 41,954; pct. 98.8%)
Final – 42,696 (avg. 42,696; pct. 100.6%)
2006 All-World Baseball Classic team
Note: The tournament Most Valuable Player was Daisuke Matsuzaka.
Statistics leaders
Batting
* Minimum 2.7 plate appearances per game
Pitching
* Minimum 0.8 innings pitched per game
** Martí is tied with 10 others with a 0.00 ERA but he pitched the most innings with 12.2
Additional rules
There were several rule changes from normal major league play. Pitchers were held to a pitch count of 65 pitches in the first round, 80 pitches in the second round, and 95 in the championship round. (Netherlands pitcher Shairon Martis used exactly 65 pitches to throw the only no-hitter of the tournament, a 10–0 win over Panama that was stopped by the mercy rule [see below].) If a pitcher reached his maximum pitch count in the middle of an at-bat, he could continue to pitch to that batter, but was required to be replaced once that at-bat ended. A 30–pitch outing needed to be followed by one day off, and a 50–pitch outing by four days off. No one would be allowed to pitch on three consecutive days.
A mercy rule came into effect when one team led by either fifteen runs after five innings, or ten runs after seven innings in the first two rounds. In addition, ties could be called after fourteen innings of play.
The designated hitter rule was in place for all games.
Controversies
Format
South Korea completed the first two rounds undefeated (6-0) but was still forced to play Japan, a team it had already beaten twice, in the semifinal round. South Korea lost the match and subsequently was placed 3rd, despite the fact that South Korea's final standings were 6-1, with the most wins. Other international sporting competitions, such as the FIFA World Cup, are formatted so as to make it impossible for teams to play each other three times. They can only face twice at most – in round robin group play and then again for the championship or 3rd-place match. In addition, the regional grouping of teams was called into question, for the groups were perceived to be unevenly distributed, and the four-team pool system and subsequent three-way tiebreakers were widely seen as awkward.
Umpires
Tournament organizers were unable to reach an agreement with the MLB umpires' union and so the Classic was overseen by umpires from the minor leagues.
South Korea
When South Korea beat Japan, they planted South Korean national flags into a pitcher's mound at Angels Stadium at Anaheim.
Chinese Taipei
The Chinese Taipei team was originally listed as "Taiwan" and bearing the ROC national flag, but following pressure from the People's Republic of China the listing was later changed to Chinese Taipei with the Chinese Taipei Olympic flag.
Drug testing
The World Anti-Doping Agency criticized IBAF's drug testing program and threatened to withdraw sanction of the event under claims the MLB was attempting to "brush the issue under the carpet." South Korean pitcher Myung-hwan Park tested positive for a banned substance during the event, and he was subsequently kicked out of the WBC.. Venezuelan pitcher Freddy García tested positive for marijuana.
Player participation
Numerous MLB players pulled out of the competition for various reasons, such as Barry Bonds, Vladimir Guerrero, and Manny Ramírez, among others. Cuba in particular barred players such as Orlando Hernández, his half-brother Liván Hernández, and José Contreras from its team as Cubans who had previously defected.
Success of tournament
Many members of the United States press were skeptical of the Classic since its inception. The event proved to be quite popular, however, providing many memorable moments including a first round game between Venezuela and the Dominican Republic. Attendance was higher than expected at several sites, including the 18,000-seat Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, which was sold out for every Puerto Rico game in the first two rounds. In addition, there were 4,000 media credentials issued — more than the World Series — which bodes well for the stated goal of internationalizing the sport. Sports Illustrated writer Tom Verducci reported that "more merchandise was sold in the first round than organizers projected for the entire 17-day event." He also reported that, at one point, jerseys for the Venezuelan team were selling at the rate of one every six seconds.
The U.S. television ratings on ESPN were stronger than initially expected, drawing in more than one million television sets for some games, more than almost any other ESPN program in the month of March. This occurred despite less than stellar airing times for the games. Most were not aired live but taped, and sometimes with innings cut, as the WBC was organized well after ESPN had committed to much of its programming.
Outside the U.S. TV ratings were very high. In Latin America, a first-round game between the United States and Mexico, was the third-most-watched game in the history of ESPN Dos, one of the three Spanish-language channels of ESPN in Latin America.
The allocation of earnings
The total earnings of the World Baseball Classic is divided into net profit (53%) and prize money (47%).
Net profit (53%)
World Baseball Classic Inc.: 17.5%
Baseball Players Union: 17.5%
Japanese Baseball Organization: 7%
Korea Baseball Organization: 5%
International Baseball Federation: 5%
Miscellaneous expenses: 1%
Prize money (47%)
Japan (champions): 10%
Cuba (runners-up): 7%
South Korea and Dominican Republic (semifinalists): 5% each
The four teams that lost out in Round 2: 3% each
The eight teams that lost out in Round 1: 1% each
References
Unofficial chat forum of The World Baseball Classic (Archived)
External links
Official website
World Baseball Classic
World Baseball Classic
March 2006 sports events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20World%20Baseball%20Classic |
SMPTE 292 is a digital video transmission line standard published by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). This technical standard is usually referred to as HD-SDI; it is part of a family of standards that define a Serial Digital Interface based on a coaxial cable, intended to be used for transport of uncompressed digital video and audio in a television studio environment.
SMPTE 292 which expands upon SMPTE 259 and SMPTE 344 allowing for bit-rates of 1.485 Gbit/s, and 1.485/1.001 Gbit/s. These bit-rates are sufficient for and often used to transfer uncompressed high-definition video.
Nomenclature
The "M" designator was originally introduced to signify metric dimensions. It is no longer used in listings or filenames. Units of the International System of Units (SI) are the preferred units of measurement in all SMPTE Engineering Documents.
Technical details
The SMPTE 292 standard is a nominally 1.5 Gbit/s interface. Two exact bitrates are defined; 1.485 Gbit/s, and 1.485/1.001 Gbit/s. The factor of 1/1.001 is provided to allow SMPTE 292 to support video formats with frame rates of 59.94 Hz, 29.97 Hz, and 23.98 Hz, in order to be upwards compatible with existing NTSC systems. The 1.485 Gbit/s version of the standard supports other frame rates in widespread use, including 60 Hz, 50 Hz, 30 Hz, 25 Hz, and 24 Hz.
The standard also defines nominal bitrates of 3 Gbit/s, for 50/60 frame per second 1080P applications. This version of the interface is not used (and has not been commercially implemented); instead, either a dual-link extension of SMPTE 292M known as SMPTE 372 or a version running twice as fast known as SMPTE 424 is used for e.g. 1080p60 applications.
Electrical interface
Originally, both electrical and optical interfaces were defined by SMPTE, over concerns that an electrical interface at that bitrate would be expensive or unreliable, and that an optical interface would be necessary. Such fears have not been realized, and the optical interfaces are seldom if ever used, and are likely to be deprecated in future revisions of the standard.
The cabling used for the SMPTE 292 electrical interface is coaxial cable with a nominal impedance of 75 Ω. Data is encoded in NRZ format, and a linear feedback shift register is used to scramble the data to reduce the likelihood that long strings of zeroes or ones will be present on the interface. The interface is self-clocking. Framing is done by detection of a special synchronization pattern, which appears on the (unscrambled) serial digital signal to be a sequence of twenty ones followed by forty zeroes; this bit pattern is not legal anywhere else within the data payload.
The SMPTE 292 digital interface is known to be reliable (without use of repeaters) at cable lengths of 100 m or greater.
Data format
The corresponding parallel data formats, defined by SMPTE 274, SMPTE 296, and several other standards, are 20-bit standards; thus SMPTE 292M uses a 20-bit word size. Each 20-bit word consists of two 10-bit datums, coming from two logical (and parallel) data channels, one ("Y") which encodes luminance video samples, the other ("C") which encodes chrominance information. The C channel is further time-multiplexed into two half-bandwidth channels, known as Cr (the "red color difference" channel), and Cb (the "blue color difference" channel). The nominal datarate of the Y channel is 75 Mwords/sec (1.5 Gbit/s divided by 20), and the nominal datarate of each of the two chroma channels is 37.5 Mwords/sec.
Video payload (as well as ancillary data payload) may use any 10-bit word in the range 4 to 1019 (004 to 3FB in hexadecimal) inclusive; the values 0-3 and 1020-1023 (3FC - 3FF) are reserved and may not appear anywhere in the payload. These reserved words have two purposes, for synchronization packets, and for ancillary data headers.
Synchronization packets
A synchronization packet occurs immediately before the first active sample on every line, and immediately after the last active sample (and before the start of the horizontal blanking region). The synchronization packet consists of four 10-bit words. The first three words are always the same—0x3FF, 0, 0; the fourth consists of 3 flag bits, along with an error correcting code. As a result, there are 8 different synchronization packets possible.
Synchronization packets must occur simultaneously in both the Y and C datastreams.
The flags bits found in the fourth word are known as H, F, and V. The H bit indicates the start of horizontal blank; and synchronization bits immediately preceding the horizontal blanking region must have H set to one. Such packets are commonly referred to as End of Active Video, or EAV packets. Likewise, the packet appearing immediately before the start of the active video has H set to 0; this is the Start of Active Video or SAV packet.
Likewise, The V bit is used to indicate the start of the vertical blanking region; an EAV packet with V=1 indicates the following line (lines are deemed to start EAV) is part of the vertical interval, an EAV packet with V=0 indicates the following line is part of the active picture.
The F bit is used in interlaced and progressive segmented frame formats to indicate whether the line comes from the first or second field (or segment). In progressive scan formats, the F bit is always set to zero.
Other than the fact that synchronization packets occur in parallel in two datastreams (Y and C), their behavior is virtually identical to the packet types defined in CCIR 601 and SMPTE 259, the digital interface commonly used for SDTV.
Line counter and CRC
To provide additional robustness, the four samples immediately following the EAV packets (but not the SAV packets) contain a cyclic redundancy check field, and a line count indicator. The CRC field provides a CRC of the preceding line (CRCs are computed independently for the Y and C streams), and can be used to detect bit errors in the interface. The line count field indicates the line number of the current line.
Ancillary data
Like SMPTE 259, SMPTE 292 supports the SMPTE 291 standard for ancillary data. Ancillary data is provided as a standardized transport for non-video payload within a serial digital signal; it is used for things such as embedded audio, closed captions, timecode, and other sorts of metadata. Ancillary data is indicated by a 3-word packet consisting of 0, 3FF, 3FF (the opposite of the synchronization packet header), followed by a two-word identification code, a data count word (indicating 0 - 255 words of payload), the actual payload, and a one-word checksum. Other than in their use in the header, the codes prohibited to video payload are also prohibited to ancillary data payload.
Video payload
Within the active portion of the video, the data words correspond to signal levels of the respective video components. The luminance (Y) channel is defined such that a signal level of 0 mV is assigned the codeword 64 (40 hex), and 700 millivolts (full scale) is assigned the codeword 940 (3AC) . For the chroma channels, 0 mV is assigned the code word 512 (200 hex), -350mV is assigned a code word of 64 (0x40), and +350mV is assigned a code word of 960 (3C0). Note that the scaling of the luma and chroma channels is not identical. The minimum and maximum of these ranges represent the preferred signal limits, though the video payload may venture outside these ranges (providing that the reserved code words of 0 - 3 and 1020 - 1023 are never used for video payload).
For portions of the vertical and horizontal blanking regions which are not used for ancillary data, it is recommended that the luma samples be assigned the code word 64 (40 hex), and the chroma samples be assigned 512 (200 hex); both of which correspond to 0 mV. It is permissible to encode analog vertical interval information (such as vertical interval timecode or vertical interval test signals) without breaking the interface, but such usage is nonstandard (and ancillary data is the preferred means for transmitting metadata). Conversion of analog sync and burst signals into digital, however, is not recommended—and neither is necessary in the digital interface.
Emmy award
On July 31, 2013 it was announced that SMPTE won a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award for 2013 by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. The honor recognized the society’s work on development, standardization, and productization of SMPTE 292.
Related SMPTE standards
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers: SMPTE 274M-2005: Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for Multiple Picture Rates
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers: SMPTE 292M-1998: Bit-Serial Digital Interface for High Definition Television
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers: SMPTE 291M-1998: Ancillary Data Packet and Space Formatting
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers: SMPTE 372M-2002: Dual Link 292M Interface for 1920 x 1080 Picture Raster
See also
Serial Digital Interface
References
Film and video technology
Video formats
SMPTE standards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMPTE%20292 |
Tim Elston is an Australian actor.
He was known for his acting roles on television as Detective Mitchell in Bellamy, Doctor Scott Collins in Prisoner and police sergeant Warren Bryant in Richmond Hill.
External links
Australian male television actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Australian male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Elston |
Daniel Ionel Oprița (born 10 August 1981) is a Romanian professional football manager and former football player.
Club career
Oprița began his career at FCM Reșița in 2000 in Liga II, the second tier of the Romanian football pyramid. In 2002, he moved on to Steaua București, making the step up to Liga I in the top tier of the Romanian football. Oprița spent the next seven years of his career in Bucharest winning the Divizia A in 2004–05 and 2005–06 and also the Supercupa României in 2005–06. He scored 14 goals in 93 appearances whilst at FCSB.
On 12 April 2007, he moved across Bucharest to play for city rivals FC Dinamo București on a four-year contract. His time at the club was not a success and he played just five games without scoring. Later, in 2008, he signed for FCM UTA Arad based in Arad in the west of the country.
After one season with the club, Oprița terminated his contract and moved to south-east Spain to play for Lorca Deportiva CF of the Segunda División B, the third tier of the Spanish football league system. Oprița failed to settle in Spain and returned to Romania after just one month and three games. Due to the Transfer window being closed, he was unable to sign for a new team until the winter break. In January 2009, he signed a six-month loan contract with FC Aarau of the Swiss Super League.
Style of play
Despite playing as a striker, Oprița did not score many goals, he was a more of a target man and his main ability was to create spaces for his teammates, where many goals were from. He was very committed while playing, and he was also technically gifted.
International career
For Romania, Oprița was capped six times and scoring one goal. He made his debut in 2003 against Ukraine.
International goals
Scores and results list Romania's goal tally first. "Score" column indicates the score after the player's goal.
Honours
Player
FCSB
Romanian League Championship: 2004–05, 2005–06
Romanian Supercup: 2006
Petrolul Ploiești
Romanian Second League: 2010–11
CSU Craiova
Romanian Second League: 2013–14
Manager
Juventus București
Romanian Second League: 2016–17
Romanian Third League: 2015–16
Steaua București
Romanian Third League: 2020-21
Romanian Fourth League – Bucharest: 2019–20
References
External links
Swiss Football League profile
1981 births
Living people
People from Drăgănești-Olt
Romanian footballers
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football wingers
CSM Reșița players
FC Steaua București players
FC Dinamo București players
FC UTA Arad players
Lorca Deportiva CF footballers
FC Aarau players
FC Baku players
FC Petrolul Ploiești players
FC Mordovia Saransk players
CS Universitatea Craiova players
CS Sportul Snagov players
Liga I players
Segunda División B players
Swiss Super League players
Russian Premier League players
Romanian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Azerbaijan
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Romania men's international footballers
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Romanian football managers
CS Sportul Snagov managers
ASC Daco-Getica București managers
CSM Reșița managers
FC Voluntari managers
CS Mioveni managers
CSA Steaua București managers
Sportspeople from Olt County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Opri%C8%9Ba |
This is a list of Australian Army aviation units. The Australian Army Aviation Corps was formed in 1968, initially with the assistance of the RAAF. These units have been utilised in a variety of roles including surveillance, reconnaissance and utility / transport, and have operated a variety of helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. More recently Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been introduced into service and are operated by the Royal Australian Artillery.
Units
Joint Army-RAAF units
No. 16 Air Observation Post Flight RAAF (RAAF unit with large Army component formed in 1953, absorbed into the 16th Army Light Aircraft Squadron)
1st Army Aviation Company (comprised pilots only flying charted civilian aircraft formed in 1957, absorbed into the 16th Army Light Aircraft Squadron)
No. 16 Army Light Aircraft Squadron (joint Army / RAAF unit formed in 1960, became the 1st Aviation Regiment)
Army aviation regiments and brigades
16th Aviation Brigade (non-flying headquarters)
1st Aviation Regiment
161st Squadron
162nd Squadron
5th Aviation Regiment
A Squadron
B Squadron
C Squadron
6th Aviation Regiment
171st Special Operations Aviation Squadron
173rd Special Operations Aviation Squadron
Independent Army aviation flights and squadrons
161st Independent Reconnaissance Flight (formed in 1965 and served in Vietnam, later became part of the 1st Aviation Regiment)
183rd Independent Reconnaissance Flight (Papua & New Guinea) (Formed at RAAF Amberley in 1968 and deployed to Lae PNG to replace a Detachment of two C180 aircraft based at Port Moresby since 1965. A mixed fixed and rotary wing unit it was disbanded in 1976 after PNG gained independence)
Units operating UAVs
20th Surveillance and Target Acquisition Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery
Training units
Australian Army Aviation Training Centre
Australian School of Army Aviation
Australian Army Helicopter School
Australian Defence Force Helicopter School
See also
List of Royal Australian Air Force aircraft squadrons
List of Australian Fleet Air Arm flying squadrons
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
External links
History of Australian Army Aviation
Army Aviation
Australian Army aviation units | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Australian%20Army%20aviation%20units |
Sima Yuanxian (司馬元顯) (382 – before 3 February 402), courtesy name Langjun (郎君), formally Heir Apparent Zhong of Kuaiji (會稽忠世子), was briefly a regent of the Jin Dynasty (266–420), during the reign of his developmentally-disabled cousin Emperor An.
Life
Sima Yuanxian was the son of Sima Daozi the Prince of Kuaiji, the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu and son of Emperor Jianwen, and he was born during the reign of his uncle Emperor Xiaowu. When Emperor Xiaowu was murdered by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang in 396, he was succeeded by Emperor An, and Sima Daozi, as the emperor's uncle, became regent. Sima Daozi's trusted associates Wang Guobao () and Wang Xu (), because of their corrupt ways, quickly drew the ires of provincial officials Wang Gong () and Yin Zhongkan (), and in 397, Wang Gong and Yin started a rebellion, demanding that Wang Guobao and Wang Xu be killed. Sima Daozi, apprehensive of Wang Gong and Yin's power, executed Wang Guobao and Wang Xu, and Wang Gong and Yin withdrew. It was at this juncture that Sima Yuanxian, Sima Daozi's heir apparent, who was 15 but considered intelligent and capable, warned Sima Daozi that Wang Gong and Yin would one day again rebel. Sima Daozi, trusting his son, entrusted Sima Yuanxian with his personal guards.
In 398, the provincial official Yu Kai (), unhappy that part of his domain was given to Wang Yu (), an official trusted by Sima Daozi, managed to persuade Wang Gong and Yin that the move was actually against them, and so Wang Gong and Yin started another rebellion. Sima Daozi, in fear, panicked and spent his days drinking, entrusting all important matters to Sima Yuanxian, who at the time appeared intelligent and resolute, reminding his followers of Emperor Ming. Soon, Sima Daozi persuaded Wang Gong's general Liu Laozhi () to betray him, and Wang Gong was captured and killed. Sima Daozi, under the suggestion of Huan Xiu (), then managed to cause dissension between Yin and his generals Huan Xuan and Yang Quanqi () by offering Huan and Yang key posts; although Huan and Yang nominally remained Yin's allies, Yin was forced to withdraw his troops, and from that point on no longer posed a major threat, as his domain had now been divided into three, with Huan and Yang each given a third. Sima Daozi, believing that his son had made the right predictions, trusted him even greater after this point. In late 398, the magician Sun Tai (), a friend of Sima Yuanxian's, who had gathered great following due to his magic, was exposed as planning a plot to take over the central government, and Sima Daozi ordered Sima Yuanxian to trap Sun Tai and execute him. Sun Tai's nephew Sun En fled to Zhoushan Island and planned revenge.
In 399, Sima Daozi was afflicted with illnesses and alcoholism, and one day, while Sima Daozi was drunk, Sima Yuanxian had Emperor An issue an edict removing Sima Daozi from his post as prime minister and transferring the authority to Sima Yuanxian. After he came to, Sima Daozi became furious at his son, but could do nothing. From this point on, while Sima Daozi was titular regent, Sima Yuanxian was the actual regent. He greatly trusted the strategist Zhang Fashun (), and also introduced many trusted associates into the administration. While he appeared to have some abilities, he also was, according to traditional historians, wasting the government's money in luxury and not paying attention to the burdens of the people. Late in 399, Sun En, seeing how the only province remaining under Jin imperial government's actual control—Yang Province (揚州, modern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu) -- had been mismanaged by Sima Yuanxian, launched a major attack from Zhoushan Island, briefly taking over nearly all of Yang Province and advancing on the capital Jiankang (modern Nanjing, Jiangsu). Sun's rebellion was soon put down by Liu Laozhi, and Sun fled back to Zhoushan (but would remain a menace for several years), but Yang Province had been laid to waste. Despite this, Sima Yuanxian grew increasingly extravagant and arrogant.
In 400, Sima Yuanxian had his son Sima Yanzhang () named the Prince of Donghai.
In early 401, the general Che Yin (), as he saw that government officials were all offended by but fearful of Sima Yuanxian's arrogance, met with Sima Daozi to request Sima Daozi to try to rein in his son. In response, Sima Yuanxian threatened Che, and Che committed suicide.
In late 401, apprehensive of the growing power of Huan Xuan (who had in late 399 defeated and killed Yin Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi, seizing their domains and now controlled more than two thirds of Jin territory), Sima Yuanxian declared Huan a renegade and ordered an attack against Huan. However, he was largely dependent on Liu Laozhi's army, and Liu distrusted Sima Yuanxian. Meanwhile, Huan advanced east toward the capital and, after he made overtures to Liu, Liu turned against Sima Yuanxian. Jiankang fell to Huan, and Sima Yuanxian was captured and executed, along with all of his major associates and six sons.
References
382 births
402 deaths
Jin dynasty (266–420) generals
Jin dynasty (266–420) regents
Executed Jin dynasty (266–420) people
People executed by the Jin dynasty (266–420) by decapitation
Politicians from Nanjing
Generals from Jiangsu | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima%20Yuanxian |
Nerf Arena Blast (known as Nerf Arena in Europe) is a first-person shooter developed by Visionary Media, Inc. and published by Hasbro Interactive, released under their Atari Interactive label. The game, based on Nerf, was touted as a "family-friendly version of multiplayer combat games like Quake III: Arena and Unreal Tournament", and was supported by Hasbro Interactive until that company gave its rights and properties over to Infogrames. The cutscenes were animated by Mondo Media alongside them doing the in-game art.
Gameplay
Single player
The player starts on a team called the "Twisters", an amateur team competing for the "Nerf Champion of the World" title against 6 professional teams. The player must compete in each team's 3 arenas, totaling 21 playable maps (including the amateur and championship maps), plus a handful of "Bonus Round" maps. In order to compete against the next team the user has to place in the top three in each event (PointBlast, SpeedBlast, and BallBlast).
Game types
PointBlast: PointBlast is based on the Unreal Deathmatch game type; instead of gaining kills, or Frags, the player gains points by either hitting an opponent, knocking or tagging an opponent out, hitting targets in the arenas, or by picking up "Bonus Points" tokens left by "tagged out" players.
SpeedBlast: SpeedBlast is a race between players where both have to pass through seven colored flags in sequence. Players are allowed to tag each other out of the race using their Nerf guns, with the tagged players returning to the last flag they touched.
BallBlast: BallBlast is a Scavenger-hunt game type, where players fight for colored balls, in order to shoot them into targets. Doing this gives you a certain number of points, depending on which ball you shoot in. Once a player gets the first six balls into the target, a seventh ball (called the "gold ball") is added to the game. The game is ended by any player shooting all balls including the golden ball into the target. The winner of the match is whoever has the most points when the game ends, rather than who shoots the gold ball into the target.
Multiplayer
Due to the similarities between Unreal Tournament and Nerf Arena Blast, it is possible to play Pointblast in team mode, because Pointblast is essentially a Deathmatch game type in most aspects, except for the scoring system. Other than that, the game types in single player mode apply to multiplayer mode. The community has released a Capture the Flag mod, this has given rise to a large number of new maps for NAB.
Expandability
Nerf Arena Blast used Unreal Engine therefore supports user-made maps and add-ons to the game. However, due to some parts of the engine being altered, the ability to create add-ons like in Unreal Tournament is somewhat limited. However, hundreds of maps and modifications of Unreal maps have been published, and multiple modified weapons and game modes (such as Capture the Flag) have been created.
Reception
"Nerf Arena Blast", IGN review [8.8/10]
GameSpot review of NAB [7.0/10]
See also
Nerf N-Strike – A 2008 Nerf-themed rail shooter for the Wii.
Nerf N-Strike Elite – The 2009 sequel to Nerf N-Strike.
References
1999 video games
First-person shooters
Unreal Engine games
Video games based on Hasbro toys
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Windows-only games
Multiplayer and single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerf%20Arena%20Blast |
Noel Arthur David (born 26 February 1971) is a former Indian cricketer. He played domestic cricket for Hyderabad and played four One Day Internationals for India in 1997.
Early life
When he was five years old, his family moved to Hyderabad from Puducherry. Still, one of his siblings (elder brother) is living in Puducherry. He attended All Saints High School which has produced test players like Abid Ali, Syed Kirmani, Mohammad Azharuddin and Venkatapathy Raju. Already a 100 metre and 200 metre athlete, his fielding developed under coach Sampath Kumar.
Career
David was a bowling all-rounder - a decent off-break bowler and a lower-order batsman. He was an excellent fielder. David scored a double-century in just his second game as part of Hyderabad's record 944.
Sachin Tendulkar is believed to have asked "Noel who?" when he learned that David was the replacement for the injured Javagal Srinath during India's 1997 tour of West Indies. David in a later interview clarified Sachin never said that statement, and it was Ajit Wadekar who did.
On the other hand, former BCCI secretary Jaywant Lele confirmed there was something fishy about the selection of the unheard-of David.
Sunil Gavaskar once said that he was the greatest ever fielder for Indian cricket team; along with Caribbean commentator Tony Cozier, Gavaskar compared David with Jonty Rhodes.
Post retirement
, David is chief selector for Hyderabad as well as chairman of the Junior Selection Committee. David has an ambition to become the coach of the Hyderabad team.
References
External links
Hyderabad cricketers
Indian cricketers
India One Day International cricketers
South Zone cricketers
1971 births
Living people
Cricketers from Hyderabad, India
Alumni of All Saints High School, Hyderabad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel%20David |
Heritage Records may refer to:
Heritage Records (United States), a 1960s record label from Jerry Ross Productions
Heritage Records (England), 1960s Blues and early Jazz label founded by Tony Standish
BMG Heritage Records, BMG Strategic Marketing Group reissue division of Sony BMG Music Entertainment
See also
List of record labels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage%20Records |
In Aristotelian logic, baroco is a mnemonic word used to memorize a syllogism. Specifically, it has the first proposition universal and affirmative, but the second and third particular and negative, and the middle term the attribute in the two first. For example,
Every virtue is attended with discretion.
Some kinds of zeal are not attended with discretion.
Therefore, some kinds of zeal are not virtues.
In the terminology of Aristotelian logic, a Baroco is one of the four syllogisms of the second figure of the nineteen modes (or one of the six syllogisms of the second figure of the twenty-four modes if the weakened modes are included). It includes: a relation to a syllogism (Barbara) of the first figure of type B; major premise of type A; a minor premise of type O; the minor premise of the second figure (minor term/copula/middle term) of type C; a conclusion of type O; that is to say a universal major affirmative, a particular minor negative, and a particular negative conclusion.
A modern example of a Baroco syllogism is:
All saucers can be used as frisbees:
Some metal objects cannot be used as frisbees:
Therefore, some metal objects are not saucers.
Baroco and Baroque
In the 16th century the term Baroco moved beyond philosophy and began to be used to describe anything that was overly and absurdly complex. The French philosopher Michel de Montaigne associated the term 'baroco' with "Bizarre and uselessly complicated." Other early sources associated the term with magic, complexity, confusion, and excess.
In the 18th century, the term was sometimes also used to describe music, and was not flattering. In an anonymous satirical review of the première of Jean-Philippe Rameau's Hippolyte et Aricie in October 1733, which was printed in the Mercure de France in May 1734, the critic wrote that the novelty in this opera was "du barocque", complaining that the music lacked coherent melody, was unsparing with dissonances, constantly changed key and meter, and speedily ran through every compositional device.
In 1762, Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française wrote that the term could be used figuratively to describe something "irregular, bizarre or unequal."
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who was a musician and composer as well as philosopher, wrote in 1768 in the Encyclopédie: "Baroque music is that in which the harmony is confused, and loaded with modulations and dissonances. The singing is harsh and unnatural, the intonation difficult, and the movement limited. It appears that term comes from the word 'baroco' used by logicians."
References
Term logic
Syllogism
Baroque | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroco |
Norman White (born January 7, 1938, San Antonio Texas) Canadian New Media artist considered to be a pioneer in the use of electronic technology and robotics in art.
Life
White was born in San Antonio Texas in 1938. He grew up in and around Boston, Massachusetts, and obtained his B.A. in Biology from Harvard University in 1959. Originally planning to become a fisheries biologist, White changed his mind and decided to travel to places like New York City, San Francisco, London, and the Middle East during the 1960s.
While living in San Francisco, he worked as an electrician at Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard, and developed a fascination for electrical switching systems. In London England, 1965-1967, he began to experiment with electronics. He then moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he began creating a series of kinetic, digital logic driven light machines. His first artwork utilizing "RTL" integrated circuits was shown in the E.A.T. sponsored group exhibition entitled "Some More Beginnings", in 1969, at the Brooklyn Museum. From 1978 to 2003. White taught classes such as "Mechanics for Real Time Sculpture" as part of the Integrated Media Program of the Ontario College of Art & Design
A retrospective of his work and influence, called Norm’s Robots and Machine Life, with works by both White and several Canadian artists he has influenced, was shown at the Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, Ontario in 2004.
From 1992 to 2003, White was an essential force behind the OCAD Sumo Robot Challenge, an annual competition akin to an automaton Olympics.
From 2003 to 2016 , White taught in the Radio Television Arts Department of Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario. He retired from teaching in 2016.
Work
Early light works
White's early electronic art consisted mostly of gridded installations of light bulbs controlled by contemporary-vintage digital logic circuits. Like most of his art, these displays were concerned more with communicating internal rules and behaviours than simple visual appeal. For example, White's first major electronic work, "First Tighten Up on the Drums" (1969), generated shimmering light patterns through the unpredictable interaction of many interconnected circuits computing simple logical questions independently. The work illustrated how complex behaviours - for example, patterns akin to swirling clouds or rain on a window pane - can emerge from simple principles. In retrospect, White recognizes this first project as an early cellular automata experiment. He constructed approximately a dozen similar light machines during the early 1970s, culminating in "Splish Splash 2" (1975), a large light mural commissioned for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Vancouver offices.
Computer-based and robotic works
Following the purchase of his first computer, a Motorola D-1, in 1976, White refocused his attention on the emerging field of robotics, and during the mid- to late-1970s began making interactive machines whose internal logic expressed itself primarily through motion. "Menage" (1974) was White's first robotic work, and again demonstrated his interest in exploring complex behaviours generated from simple principles. Four robots mounted upon ceiling tracks were fitted with photo-sensitive scanners and programmed to recognize and react to light sources mounted on the other robots. The machines competed for one another's attention as they moved automatically along the overhead tracks.
Subsequent robotic projects have included: "Facing Out Laying Low" (1977), a stationary interactive robot designed to react to interesting behaviour in the gallery space surrounding it, and "Funny Weather" (1983), a robotic artificial weather system with interacting wind generators and sensors. His early networked art piece "Telephonic Arm Wrestling" (1986, with Doug Back) used telephone data links to enable patrons to arm wrestle each other at a great distance. The work was performed in real time between the Canadian Cultural Centre in Paris, France and the Artculture Resource Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Some critics consider this piece to be a pioneering work in networked and long distance kinesthetic art. A later work, "Them Fuckin' Robots" (1988), a collaboration with Laura Kikauka, investigated simulated sex.
In "The Helpless Robot" (1987–96), an electronically synthesized voice asks for the physical assistance of passers-by with a persuasive tone. Over time, the voice slowly changes to a more forceful, commanding tone, complaining when the interaction is not being completed properly.
Collections
White's work is included in the permanent collection of the National Gallery of Canada.
Awards
Norm White was awarded for a lifetime of innovation in art with the 2018 Digifest Media Pioneer Award. He was the prize winner of the d.velop digital art award [ddaa] in 2008. He won the 1995 Petro Canada Award. In 1990 White received an award of distinction at the Prix Ars Electronica for The Helpless Robot.
References
External links
Official site
Year 01 - The Helpless Robot
Rhizome.org
Telematic Timeline
Art project in Cooperation with MACHFELD, (Sabine Maier and Michael Mastrototaro)
Harvard College alumni
American emigrants to Canada
Cellular automatists
Robotic art
Living people
Canadian multimedia artists
Canadian sculptors
Canadian male sculptors
1938 births
Canadian digital artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20White |
Monochloramine, often called chloramine, is the chemical compound with the formula NH2Cl. Together with dichloramine (NHCl2) and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3), it is one of the three chloramines of ammonia. It is a colorless liquid at its melting point of , but it is usually handled as a dilute aqueous solution, in which form it is sometimes used as a disinfectant. Chloramine is too unstable to have its boiling point measured.
Water treatment
Chloramine is used as a disinfectant for water. It is less aggressive than chlorine and more stable against light than hypochlorites.
Drinking water disinfection
Chloramine is commonly used in low concentrations as a secondary disinfectant in municipal water distribution systems as an alternative to chlorination. This application is increasing. Chlorine (referred to in water treatment as free chlorine) is being displaced by chloramine—to be specific, monochloramine—which is much less reactive and does not dissipate as rapidly as free chlorine. Chloramine also has a much lower, but still active, tendency than free chlorine to convert organic materials into chlorocarbons such as chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Such compounds have been identified as carcinogens and in 1979 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began regulating their levels in US drinking water.
Some of the unregulated byproducts may possibly pose greater health risks than the regulated chemicals.
Due to its acidic nature, adding chloramine to the water supply may increase exposure to lead in drinking water, especially in areas with older housing; this exposure can result in increased lead levels in the bloodstream, which may pose a significant health risk. Fortunately, water treatment plants can add caustic chemicals at the plant which have the dual purpose of reducing the corrosivity of the water, and stabilizing the disinfectant.
Swimming pool disinfection
In swimming pools, chloramines are formed by the reaction of free chlorine with amine groups present in organic substances, mainly those biological in origin (e.g., urea in sweat and urine). Chloramines, compared to free chlorine, are both less effective as a sanitizer and, if not managed correctly, more irritating to the eyes of swimmers. Chloramines are responsible for the distinctive "chlorine" smell of swimming pools, which is often misattributed to elemental chlorine by the public. Some pool test kits designed for use by homeowners do not distinguish free chlorine and chloramines, which can be misleading and lead to non-optimal levels of chloramines in the pool water.
There is also evidence that exposure to chloramine can contribute to respiratory problems, including asthma, among swimmers. Respiratory problems related to chloramine exposure are common and prevalent among competitive swimmers.
Though chloramine's distinctive smell has been described by some as pleasant and even nostalgic, its formation in pool water as a result of bodily fluids being exposed to chlorine can be minimised by encouraging showering and other hygiene methods prior to entering the pool, as well as refraining from swimming while suffering from digestive illnesses and taking breaks to use the bathroom.
Safety
US EPA drinking water quality standards limit chloramine concentration for public water systems to 4 parts per million (ppm) based on a running annual average of all samples in the distribution system. In order to meet EPA-regulated limits on halogenated disinfection by-products, many utilities are switching from chlorination to chloramination. While chloramination produces fewer regulated total halogenated disinfection by-products, it can produce greater concentrations of unregulated iodinated disinfection byproducts and N-nitrosodimethylamine. Both iodinated disinfection by-products and N-nitrosodimethylamine have been shown to be genotoxic, causing damage to the genetic information within a cell resulting in mutations which may lead to cancer.
Lead poisoning incidents
In the year 2000, Washington, DC switched from chlorine to monochloramine, causing lead to leach from unreplaced pipes. The number of babies with elevated blood lead levels rose about tenfold, and by one estimate fetal deaths rose between 32% and 63%.
Trenton, Missouri made the same switch, causing about one quarter of tested households to exceed EPA drinking water lead limits in the period from 2017 to 2019. 20 children tested positive for lead poisoning in 2016 alone. In 2023, Virginia Tech Professor Marc Edwards said lead spikes occur in several water utility system switchovers per year, due to lack of sufficient training and lack of removal of lead pipes. Lack of utility awareness that lead pipes are still in use is also part of the problem; the EPA has required all water utilities in the United States to prepare a complete lead pipe inventory by October 16, 2024.
Synthesis and chemical reactions
Chloramine is a highly unstable compound in concentrated form. Pure chloramine decomposes violently above . Gaseous chloramine at low pressures and low concentrations of chloramine in aqueous solution are thermally slightly more stable. Chloramine is readily soluble in water and ether, but less soluble in chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
Production
In dilute aqueous solution, chloramine is prepared by the reaction of ammonia with sodium hypochlorite:
NH3 + NaOCl → NH2Cl + NaOH
This reaction is also the first step of the Olin Raschig process for hydrazine synthesis. The reaction has to be carried out in a slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.5–11). The acting chlorinating agent in this reaction is hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which has to be generated by protonation of hypochlorite, and then reacts in a nucleophilic substitution of the hydroxyl against the amino group. The reaction occurs quickest at around pH 8. At higher pH values the concentration of hypochlorous acid is lower, at lower pH values ammonia is protonated to form ammonium ions (), which do not react further.
The chloramine solution can be concentrated by vacuum distillation and by passing the vapor through potassium carbonate which absorbs the water. Chloramine can be extracted with ether.
Gaseous chloramine can be obtained from the reaction of gaseous ammonia with chlorine gas (diluted with nitrogen gas):
2 NH3 + Cl2 NH2Cl + NH4Cl
Pure chloramine can be prepared by passing fluoroamine through calcium chloride:
2 NH2F + CaCl2 → 2 NH2Cl + CaF2
Decomposition
The covalent N−Cl bonds of chloramines are readily hydrolyzed with release of hypochlorous acid:
RR′NCl + H2O RR′NH + HOCl
The quantitative hydrolysis constant (K value) is used to express the bactericidal power of chloramines, which depends on their generating hypochlorous acid in water. It is expressed by the equation below, and is generally in the range 10−4 to 10−10 ( for monochloramine):
In aqueous solution, chloramine slowly decomposes to dinitrogen and ammonium chloride in a neutral or mildly alkaline (pH ≤ 11) medium:
3 NH2Cl → N2 + NH4Cl + 2 HCl
However, only a few percent of a 0.1 M chloramine solution in water decomposes according to the formula in several weeks. At pH values above 11, the following reaction with hydroxide ions slowly occurs:
3 NH2Cl + 3 OH− → NH3 + N2 + 3 Cl− + 3 H2O
In an acidic medium at pH values of around 4, chloramine disproportionates to form dichloramine, which in turn disproportionates again at pH values below 3 to form nitrogen trichloride:
2 NH2Cl + H+ NHCl2 +
3 NHCl2 + H+ 2 NCl3 +
At low pH values, nitrogen trichloride dominates and at pH 3–5 dichloramine dominates. These equilibria are disturbed by the irreversible decomposition of both compounds:
NHCl2 + NCl3 + 2 H2O → N2 + 3 HCl + 2 HOCl
Reactions
In water, chloramine is pH-neutral. It is an oxidizing agent (acidic solution: , in basic solution ):
NH2Cl + 2 H+ + 2 e− → + Cl−
Reactions of chloramine include radical, nucleophilic, and electrophilic substitution of chlorine, electrophilic substitution of hydrogen, and oxidative additions.
Chloramine can, like hypochlorous acid, donate positively charged chlorine in reactions with nucleophiles (Nu−):
Nu− + NH3Cl+ → NuCl + NH3
Examples of chlorination reactions include transformations to dichloramine and nitrogen trichloride in acidic medium, as described in the decomposition section.
Chloramine may also aminate nucleophiles (electrophilic amination):
Nu− + NH2Cl → NuNH2 + Cl−
The amination of ammonia with chloramine to form hydrazine is an example of this mechanism seen in the Olin Raschig process:
NH2Cl + NH3 + NaOH → N2H4 + NaCl + H2O
Chloramine electrophilically aminates itself in neutral and alkaline media to start its decomposition:
2 NH2Cl → N2H3Cl + HCl
The chlorohydrazine (N2H3Cl) formed during self-decomposition is unstable and decomposes itself, which leads to the net decomposition reaction:
3 NH2Cl → N2 + NH4Cl + 2 HCl
Monochloramine oxidizes sulfhydryls and disulfides in the same manner as hypochlorous acid, but only possesses 0.4% of the biocidal effect of HClO.
See also
Disinfection
Disinfection by-products
Water treatment
Pathogen
References
External links
"Chlorinated drinking water", IARC Monograph (1991)
EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels
WebBook page for NH2Cl
Chlorine and chloramines in the freshwater aquarium
Chlorides
Drinking water
Inorganic amines
Inorganic chlorine compounds
Nitrogen halides
Water treatment | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochloramine |
The RAAF Washington Flying Unit was a temporary Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) unit formed to ferry Australia's first twelve General Dynamics F-111C aircraft from the United States to Australia. It was formed in March 1973 and disbanded in July of that year after the ferry flights were completed.
History
The RAAF Washington Flying Unit was formed at McClellan Air Force Base, California on 31 March 1973 under the command of Group Captain John Newham. The unit was tasked with ferrying the RAAF's first twelve (out of a total order of 24) F-111Cs to Australia. The unit comprised twelve F-111 crews, each consisting of a pilot and a navigator. Newham was also the commanding officer of No. 82 Wing, which was to operate the F-111Cs once they arrived in Australia.
Following their arrival in the United States, the Australian airmen were provided with training on the F-111 by General Dynamics. Once this was completed, they ferried F-111s from the company's facilities at Fort Worth to McClellan Air Force Base.
The first ferry flight of six F-111Cs departed McClellan Air Force Base in May 1973. The aircraft first flew to Hickam Air Force Base where they refueled. On 30 May they flew to Pago Pago International Airport. The next day they departed for RAAF Base Amberley, and arrived there on 1 June (Australian time). The remaining six F-111Cs began their ferry flight on 23 July, and used the same route as the first. Once this flight was completed and all twelve F-111Cs had arrived in Australia, the Washington Flying Unit was disbanded on 26 July 1973. The RAAF's other twelve F-111Cs were ferried to Australia in two flights later that year, which arrived at Amberley on 28 September and 4 December.
Despite the unit's name, the Washington Flying Unit was not the RAAF unit which was responsible for operating two Washington B.1 (B-29 Superfortress) heavy bombers in the early 1950s. These aircraft were operated by the RAAF's Aeronautical Research and Development Unit.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Washington
Military units and formations established in 1973
Cold War history of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAAF%20Washington%20Flying%20Unit |
Richelle Ann Mallari Loyola-Avanzado (born January 31, 1979), better known by her stage name Jessa Zaragoza, is a Filipino commercial model, singer and actress. She is known as the "Phenomenal Diva" and "Jukebox Queen of the 90s" for her first studio album Just Can't Help Feelin in 1997 with the hit carrier single "Bakit Pa?" which became a hit ballad in the Philippines during 1997–1999.
Biography
Zaragoza was a GMA Network talent using her real name Richelle Ann Loyola when she auditioned for Little Miss Philippines in Eat Bulaga! in 1987. In the early 1990s, she was part of German Moreno's longest running variety show, That's Entertainment. She was also part of comedy shows Alabang Girls on ABC (now TV5) from 1992 to 1994.She did guesting stints for GMA and Viva Entertainment TV programs in the mid 90s she has guest starred in Bubble Gang Beh Bote Nga And AttaGirl in 2001 for ABS-CBN.
Zaragoza is also a singer. She signed a contract with OctoArts EMI Philippines (now PolyEast Records). Her first album Just Can't Help Feelin''' was released in 1997. Its carrier single "Bakit Pa?" was also released by OctoArts Films and GMA Films (now GMA Pictures) as a Valentine's Day film offering directed by film director Jose Javier Reyes. Her second album Phenomonal was released in 1999.
Among her most popular songs is "Bakit Pa," which was the soundtrack to a romantic comedy film she starred in, also entitled Bakit Pa? with Troy Montero and Diether Ocampo as her leading men. The film was released in theaters on February 3, 1999, as a Valentine's movie presentation of Octoarts and GMA Films. She was also part of a soap opera that ran from May to October 1999 on GMA Network entitled Di Ba't Ikaw.
In 2000, she released new hit singles such as "Ibigay Mo Na", "Siya Ba ang Dahilan" and "Kung Kailan Pa". Ibigay Mo Na was controversial for its album layout and sexually themed song, which was criticized for being painfully harmful but a heartfelt ballad.
She later transferred to rival network ABS-CBN from 2000 to 2004, and signed a deal with its recording company Star Records, releasing her next two albums Ibigay Mo Na (2000) and Kahit Na Ilang Umaga (2004). She also sang the theme songs for soap operas and TV series of ABS-CBN and GMA.
In 2001, Zaragoza sang the theme song of the ABS-CBN afternoon soap, Recuerdo de Amor which ran from 2001 to 2003. She was also cast in another ABS-CBN soap which starred Nora Aunor, Carol Banawa and Desiree del Valle entitled Bituin. She also starred on the hit sitcom Attagirl alongside Vanessa Del Bianco, Andrea del Rosario and Desiree del Valle which ran for three seasons.
In 2003, she sang the theme song of ABS-CBN's Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas. The song was featured on her album Kahit Na Ilang Umaga, released by Star Records.
In 2004, she participated at the Himig Handog Songwriting Contest interpreting the song "Hindi Na Bale" composed by Jimmy Antiporda.
In 2006, she collaborated with her singer-songwriter husband, Dingdong Avanzado on the duet album, Laging Ikaw, released under Universal Records. During the 2006 period she had worked with fellow friends comedian Marissa Sanchez, and actress Ara Mina on a worldwide concert tour called The Divas Tour. It was produced by Dingdong Avanzado and was a successful concert, running for six months in different parts of the world.
In 2007, controversy erupted between her and Rufa Mae Quinto when Quinto allegedly interpreted and stated that Zaragoza was the reason of hers and Dingdong's breakup. It became one of Philippine showbiz's most memorable breakups. Zaragoza defended herself against the allegations on a live interview on GMA's Startalk. Quinto appeared on YES magazine as a featured artist on the front cover, and in the article she talked about her personal life and past relationships.
She collaborated with film director Mel Chionglo in Malikot na Mundo with actors Lara Morena, Raymond Bagatsing, and Patrick Guzman, her last film with OctoArts Films.
In 2008, she sang a revival of Didith Reyes' hit song "Bakit Ako Mahihiya" for the critically acclaimed series Eva Fonda starring Cristine Reyes. She released her album Jessa Sings the Great Musical Icons under MCA Music in 2009. In 2012, she released her seventh studio album entitled Pag Wala Na ang Ulan with GMA Music. From 2012 to present, she has been appearing on the weekly comedy show Pepito Manaloto as DeeDee alongside veteran comedian Nova Villa. This is Zaragoza's return to comedy after the 2001 sitcom Attagirl on ABS-CBN.
In 2009, after a series of shows in the U.S. together with Avanzado, Zaragoza came back on prime time television in the remake of the Mexican telenovela Rosalinda. She also released an album that featured all cover versions on Jessa Sings the Great Musical Icons. The album paid tribute to such musical legends such as Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Tina Turner, Sting and the Police, Madonna and Stevie Wonder.
In 2010, she went back to ABS-CBN to be part of the short-lived prime time television series, 1DOL. She then made several guest TV appearances, performing renditions of songs with Avanzado.
Zaragoza also appeared in an episode of Wansapanataym: Super Kikay and the Flying Pagong with Kim Chiu.
In 2012, she portrayed Angela in the afternoon soap based on the 1989 film produced by Seiko Films' Ruben Marcelino, Kokak as the mother to title protagonist Sarah Lahbati. In July of that year, her album Pag Wala Na Ang Ulan was released under GMA Records. The album includes the song "Nasaan" from the TV series Kung Aagawin Mo Ang Langit on GMA.
On August 3, 2013, she released a digital single called "Missing You" in two different languages; Tagalog and English.
On August 7, 2014, Zaragoza interpreted "Bumabalik Ang Nagdaan" with Star Music (formerly known as Star Records) for the Himig Handog P-Pop Love Songs. This is her third time to interpret a song for the Himig Handog Love Song Contest, together with her former singles "Susubukan Kong Muli" (2001) and "Hindi Na Bale" (2005) were released during those years. Hindi Na Bale was also her second time working with Jimmy Antiporda and was also revived by Bugoy Drillon in 2010. This Is her comeback to the recording company after 9 years for the Interpretation of the song her previous works were the albums Ibigay Mo Na (2000) and Kahit Na Ilang Umaga (2003–2004) album.
The year 2017 marked a peak Zaragoza's career when she and her husband Avanzado launched their 20/30 album, a revival and commemorative album.
In 2021, she is one of the Jukebosses in the hit karaoke TV show Sing Galing with other singers and songwriters Rey Valera, Randy Santiago and K Brosas on TV5.
Personal life
Zaragoza is married to singer Dingdong Avanzado. The wedding happened on March 18, 2001, and was highly publicized in newspapers and television talk shows. They have a daughter named Jayda. They were called the prince of pop and jukebox queen of the Philippines when they lived in Vallejo, California, in 2007.
Filmography
Television
Discography
1997: Just Can't Help Feelin' (first album with OctoArts EMI Philippines, now called Polyeast Records) (includes the singles "Bakit Pa?", "Pa'no Kaya?", "Di Bat Ikaw" and the title track "Just Can't Help Feelin")
1998: Phenomenal 1999: Siya Ba ang Dahilan? (final album with OctoArts EMI Philippines)
1999: The Best Of (compilation album of her hits produced by OctoArts EMI Philippines)
2000: Ibigay Mo Na(first album produced with Star Music, second album of the year released in 2000)
2004: Kahit Na Ilang Umaga (final album produced and released in 2004–2005 with Star Music)
2005: Laging Ikaw (duet album with Dingdong Avanzado, including duets of hits)
2009: Sings the Great Musical Icons I (a covers album with Universal Records)
2012: Pag Wala Na ang Ulan'' (GMA Music)
Songs sampled from Dingdong Avanzado :
"Maghihintay Sayo" (2000) in "Ibigay Mo Na"
"Kung Maibabalik" (2003) in "Kahit Na Ilang Umaga"
References
External links
Official website
1979 births
Living people
Filipino film actresses
Filipino child actresses
Filipino television actresses
That's Entertainment Tuesday Group Members
That's Entertainment (Philippine TV series)
GMA Network personalities
ABS-CBN personalities
TV5 (Philippine TV network) personalities
20th-century Filipino actresses
21st-century Filipino actresses
Star Music artists
GMA Music artists
21st-century Filipino singers
21st-century Filipino women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessa%20Zaragoza |
Turn on red is a principle of law permitting vehicles at a traffic light showing a red signal to turn into the direction of traffic nearer to them (almost always after a complete stop, depending on the jurisdiction) when the way is clear, without having to wait for a green signal. North American traffic engineers first introduced this rule as a fuel savings measure, despite detrimental effects to the safety of pedestrians.
Turns
Right on red
The simplest version is commonly known as a right turn on red (or simply right on red) in countries that drive on the right side of the road, or a left turn on red in countries that drive on the left side of the road.
A right turn requires checking only two nearby crosswalks (at least one of which will show "don't walk") and vehicular traffic moving towards the driver, while a left turn or going straight requires checking two crosswalks and vehicular traffic moving in multiple directions.
When turning right on red, the vehicle typically has to yield to traffic coming from the left, and the crosswalk parallel to that stream if there is one. If turning right at a three-way junction from a major road onto a minor road, the vehicle has to yield only to the crosswalk since there is no road on the left side. Sometimes, the opposing side has a protected left turn, requiring the vehicle to yield to opposing vehicles turning left, but not any crosswalks. In any case, the vehicle turning right on red has to yield only to one stream of vehicles (out of two possible streams) and zero or one crosswalk.
Many jurisdictions that allow right turns on red will allow it to be done in any lane, including the outer lane of a dual or triple right turn.
In some intersections, allowing a right on red would be unsafe, such as when there is a train running parallel to the road on the right side, synchronized to the traffic light timings. In places where right on red is allowed by default, a sign would be placed to disallow it.
Left on red
Another version is commonly known as a left turn on red (left on red) in countries that drive on the right side of the road, and would be a right turn on red in countries that drive on the left side of the road, if any allowed it. These turns are typically restricted to turns onto a one-way. Many jurisdictions also require that this type of turn be from a one-way.
However, although right on red is equivalent to left on red to a one-way, left on red is not typically permitted in countries outside North America. Even in North America, few places allow left on red from two-way to one-way streets.
There are rarely some intersections where a left on red from a two-way to two-way is permitted, but this is due to the expected low amount of traffic, rather than being geometrically equivalent to right on red.
From one-way to one-way
Left turns from a one-way to a one-way are completely geometrically equivalent to a right turn.
Most places in North America allow this type of turn by default. Most places outside of North America disallow this type of turn.
To one-way
Left turns on red from a two-way to a one-way are the same "difficulty" as a right turn on red, although the reasoning is less obvious. If a right turn is possible, the opposing side might have a green light and protected left turn, allowing the driver to get a permissive left turn (flashing yellow arrow). If the opposing side has a red light (which is the case if a right turn is impossible), or there is no opposing side, the driver has to yield only to vehicles from the right, and possibly the nearby crosswalk. In any case, the driver has to yield to only one stream of traffic (out of two possible streams), and zero or one crosswalk.
Only British Columbia, Alaska, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, and Washington allow this type of turn by default.
Jurisdictions
North America
Right turns on red are permitted in many regions of North America. In the United States, western states have allowed it for more than 50 years, and eastern states amended their traffic laws to allow it in the 1970s as a claimed fuel-saving measure in response to motor fuel shortages in 1973. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 required in §362(c)(5) that in order for a state to receive federal assistance in developing mandated conservation programs, they must permit right turns on red lights. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico have allowed right turns on red since 1980, except where prohibited by a sign or where right turns are controlled by dedicated traffic lights. (The last state with a right-on-red ban, Massachusetts, ended its ban on January 1, 1980, but about 90% of the traffic signals in the state were outfitted with "no turn on red" signs in preparation for the change.) The few exceptions include New York City, where right turns on red are prohibited unless a sign indicates otherwise, and in Washington, DC, which will prohibit right turns on red in 2025. Further, Seattle requires that all intersections be equipped with "no turn on red" signs when they are updated or modified.
In Alaska, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Virginia, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, a right turn on red is prohibited when a red arrow is displayed.
At intersections where U-turns are permitted and controlled by a U-turn arrow from the left-most lane, motorists turning right on red onto the same road must yield to those making U-turns before turning, as the motorists making U-turns have the right of way and a collision could easily occur. The exception is Pennsylvania where U-turns are allowed unless otherwise specified following the same rule as right on red, drivers making a U-turn are required to yield to all drivers executing legal maneuvers including turning right on red. At intersections where U-turns are prohibited in the same fashion, a green right turn arrow will sometimes appear for those turning right onto the road, allowing only traffic turning right to proceed without having to stop or yield to other vehicles or pedestrians. Some states such as California have "No U-Turn" signs posted at these intersections because of the green right turn arrow.
Most Caribbean countries with right-hand traffic, such as the Dominican Republic, allow right turn on red unless a sign prohibits it. Some vehicles, such as those carrying hazardous materials and school buses, are not allowed to turn on red under any circumstance and must wait for a green light or arrow.
As of 1992, right turn on red is governed federally by (c) ("Each proposed State energy conservation plan to be eligible for Federal assistance under this part shall include: ...(5) a traffic law or regulation which, to the maximum extent practicable consistent with safety, permits the operator of a motor vehicle to turn such vehicle right at a red stop light after stopping, and to turn such vehicle left from a one-way street onto a one-way street at a red light after stopping."). All turns on red are forbidden in New York City unless a sign is posted permitting it.
In Canada, a driver may turn right at a red light after coming to a complete stop unless a sign indicates otherwise. In the province of Quebec, turning right on a red was illegal until a pilot study carried out in 2003 showed that the right turn on red manoeuvre did not result in significantly more accidents. Subsequent to the study, the Province of Quebec now allows right turns on red except where prohibited by a sign. However, like in New York City, it remains illegal to turn right on a red anywhere on the Island of Montreal. Motorists are reminded of this rule by large signs posted at the entrance to all bridges.
In Mexico, right turns on red are generally allowed unless a sign indicates otherwise. Mexico City has implemented a new transit law which prohibits right turns on red.
Left turn on red
In the U.S., 38 states allow left turns on red only if both the origin and destination streets are one way as of December, 2018.
Five states, namely Alaska, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, and Washington allow left turns on red into a one-way street, even from a two-way.
As of December 2018, the following states and territories ban left turns on red: Connecticut, Maine, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Dakota (unless permitted by local ordinance), the District of Columbia, and Guam. New York City prohibits left turn on red unless a sign indicates otherwise.
:File:Québec P-115-1.svg "No left on red" sign used in Canada (except Quebec)
In Canada, left turn on red light from a one-way road into a one-way road is permitted except in some areas of Quebec, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Left turn on red into a one-way road is permitted in British Columbia, even from a two-way road.
Some intersections have signs to indicate that a left turn on red is prohibited. In BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario, the sign for "no left turn" is defined with the line in the red circle flipped compared to other prohibitive signs. Although inconsistent, this allows "no left turn" to be a mirror image of "no right turn". However, in Quebec, the diagonal line is the same as in "no right turn".
Central America
In Costa Rica, right turns on red are allowed in general, but a sign can forbid them.
In Panama, right turns on red are not permitted.
South America
In Chile and Brazil, right turns on red are only allowed when a sign permitting it is shown. In Brazil, effective April 14, 2021.
In Paraguay, right turns on red are allowed in some towns.
In Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Uruguay right turns on red are not allowed.
Europe
In European countries in general, it is illegal to turn on a red light, unless it is indicated otherwise, for example by a green arrow on a red light, a flashing amber arrow with a red light or a permanent green board next to the red light.
In Poland, right turns on red are permitted only if an additional green arrow light (apart from the main signal light) is present and lit. However, the regulations require drivers to stop completely, as their paths intersect with other vehicles or pedestrians in at least one direction. Green arrow light can be also directed left (the same regulations apply).
In Germany, right turns on red are only permitted when a sign is present at the traffic light, after a complete stop. This rule was first introduced in 1978 in East Germany. It was derided as the "socialist right turn" in West Germany, which planned to eliminate it after German reunification in 1990. However, a public backlash put an end to the plans, and the practice spread to the rest of Germany in 1994. Half of the 5,000 turn-on-red intersections that existed in 2002 were located in the former West Germany.
In Switzerland, bicycles and small mopeds (Mofas) are allowed to turn right on certain red lights since 2021. One does not have to come to a complete stop, but must yield to crossing pedestrians and traffic. During a pilot experiment preceding this change, wide acceptance and no accident were observed.
In Slovenia, the same sign as in Germany is used, where vehicles can turn right on a red light at all times, but they don't have the right of way. Some intersections also have a green arrow light, that is lit when right turns are allowed. Historically, a different sign with the same meaning was used in the nineteen sixties, a green curved arrow on a small white rectangle board, attached under a traffic light.
In Russia, right turns on red are only permitted if a separate arrow-shaped green light allows it; drivers must give way to any vehicle coming from a different direction. When the arrow is not lit, turns in the arrow direction are prohibited. However, in some cities, they have allowed turns on right provided there is a fixed green arrow with the writing below saying "Give way to everyone, you can turn on right".
In the Netherlands, bicycles are occasionally allowed to turn right on a red light (assuming that the design of the junction is such that the light is even applicable to right turning cyclists, which it often is not in the Netherlands). Wherever this is the case, a sign "" (right turn free for cyclists) or "" (right turn free for cyclists and mopeds) is present.
In France, a right turn on red without stopping is allowed when a separate arrow-shaped amber light flashes, but drivers do not have priority. They must check if any pedestrians are crossing before turning and must give way to vehicles coming from other directions. A sign can also permit cyclists to turn right on red.
In Belgium, road signs that allow cyclists to turn right on a red light have been added to traffic law in 2012. Such roads signs have been placed on intersections in the Brussels Capital Region.
Like in the Netherlands, Belgium and France have a road sign that allows cyclists to turn right on a red light. The French and Belgian signs consist of a yield sign with a yellow bike and arrow inside. Such signs are placed under traffic lights.
In the United Kingdom, which drives on the left, left turns on red are prohibited. At some junctions there is a separate left arrow-shaped green "filter" light which, when lit, allows left-hand turns but conflicting traffic will always have a red signal. Other non conflicting traffic movements may have their own left or right arrow-shaped green light. Sometimes there are specific lanes without signals for turning left, separated from the through traffic signalled traffic by traffic islands, but give way signs are installed.
In the Republic of Ireland, which drives on the left, left turns on red are prohibited, although some lights flash with a yellow arrow which is in effect the same thing - drivers may proceed if the road is clear.
In Lithuania, drivers are allowed to turn right on red when a particular sign with a green arrow on a white background is mounted beside the red light of the traffic signal. However, on 10 November 2014, national traffic rules were altered meaning that this sign will be valid only until 31 December 2019 at the latest, by which time all such signs will have been eliminated. These changes were made for reasons of road safety. The green arrows in Lithuania were eliminated on 1 January 2020. Despite the announcement of the date for the elimination of the green arrows in October 2014, many city administrations were not prepared for alternatives, which led to considerable public outrage in January 2020. The government has allowed the return of the green arrows in response to the situation, but each green arrow must be coordinated with the Transportation Literacy Agency. The agency carries out an assessment of a green arrow with regard to traffic safety and traffic capacity.
In Latvia, you are allowed to turn right/left on red when an additional section is present and lit on a traffic light. If the main signal is red and an additional signal is lit, you may pass to the direction of the arrow in the traffic light but you must give way to all traffic (including pedestrians). If the main signal is green and an additional signal is also lit, you may pass to any direction and you must comply with the standard intersection and junction traffic rules. If the main signal is green and the additional signal is not lit, you must not turn to that direction. Logically, if the main signal is red and the additional signal is unlit - you must not pass.
In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, right turns on red are allowed only when there is a lit green arrow present (called S 5 in Czech Republic and S 10 in Slovakia). Also in this case the car turning on red must give way to ongoing traffic, to pedestrians and other road users. (According to Czech law §70 of decree 30/2001 of Law Codex; and Slovak law §9, part 3g, decree 9/2009 of Law Codex.)
In Romania, right turns on red are only permitted if there is a small green flashing light with a right turn arrow. Drivers must yield to pedestrians and oncoming vehicles from their left. In some one-way junctions, the same rule applies for left on red (such as Cluj-Napoca Avram Iancu Square).
In Bulgaria, right turns on red are prohibited.
In Spain, right turns on red are allowed only if there is either a flashing amber or lit green arrow-shaped traffic light. Flashing amber arrow allows turning without priority (turn must be done exercising caution, giving way to any other vehicles and pedestrians that may cross the path), while a lit green arrow grants priority. If just a regular set of traffic lights is present (no light arrows), then turning on red is prohibited.
In Iceland, right turns on red are allowed only when the "Hægri Kveiktu á Rauðum" sign is displayed at the traffic junction. The driver will have to stop at the red light first and give way to pedestrians and oncoming vehicles from their left before turning.
Asia
Similar to many former United Kingdom British Colonies, Hong Kong drives on the left. Left turns on red are always prohibited in Hong Kong. At some junctions, however, there may be separate sets of signals for left turns, or specific lanes for turning left separating from the through traffic by traffic islands and give way signs are installed.
In China, right turns on red are generally permitted, unless there is a red arrow pointing to the right or otherwise indicated. Proceeding straight on red at T-intersections where the intersecting road went left only used to be legal in Mainland China, with right-hand traffic provided that such movement would not interfere with other traffic, but when the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China took effect on 1 May 2004, such movement was outlawed.
In India, which drives on the left, a "free left turn" is generally prohibited. However, some cities specifically permit turning left on a red signal. An explicit green or blinking orange left signal also permits a turn on red, which usually means that conflicting traffic is not permitted to enter the same road.
In Japan, which drives on the left, left turns on red require either a green left arrow signal along with the red light, or a white road sign with a blue left arrow (not to be confused with the one way sign).
In the Republic of Korea, right turns on red are permitted after stop, unless signed as prohibited.
In Malaysia, which drives on the left, left turn on red can only be observed in Sarawak since the 1960s and Putrajaya since the mid-2000s. The road sign by the traffic lights in Sarawak may state "Turn Left when Exit is Clear", as English, Malay and Chinese are used for road signage. The practice is not implemented nationwide.
In the Philippines, right turns on red are legal unless there is a sign that prohibits doing so.
As in the former United Kingdom British Colony Straits of Singapore Overseas British Territories and which drives on the left, left turns on red are usually prohibited in Singapore. The driver must stop at the red light and wait for green lights to turn left only on green lights on. At most junctions, however, there may be separate sets of signals for left turns, or specific lanes for turning left separating from the through traffic by traffic islands and give way signs are installed. But, unlike other British colonies, there's a sign that permits left turns on red. The driver will have to stop at the red light first and give way to pedestrians and oncoming vehicles from their right before turning.
In Taiwan, right turns on red are always prohibited, except when there is a green arrow along with the red light. However, the right on red fine in Taiwan is lower than red light running fine.
In Thailand, which drives on the left, left turns on red are allowed unless a sign prohibits it.
In Saudi Arabia, right turns on red are generally permitted, unless there is a dedicated slip lane for right turn.
In Lebanon, unless a sign or red arrow prohibits it, right turns on red are permitted after coming to a full stop to give way to oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
Africa
In Mauritius, which drives on the left, left turns on red are prohibited like in the UK, unless there's a sign that permits it.
In South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Angola, and Namibia, which drives on the left, left turns on red are prohibited like in the UK.
Oceania
In Australia, which drives on the left, left turns on red are only permitted if a sign exists at the intersection. At such intersections, the sign generally reads "left turn on red permitted after stopping," meaning a vehicle can make a left turn only after coming to a complete stop first and giving way to approaching traffic and any crossing pedestrians or cyclists. Such signs are only in limited locations in the states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia (six locations as of 2016) as well as the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory and are banned in other states. In New South Wales, a number of tests to the intersection must be met before a turn on red will be permitted, including pedestrian volume, bus stop locations, geometry of the intersection, and the amount of lane changing at the intersection. There are conflicting views on the policy of left turns on red, with supporters pointing to lower vehicle emission and time savings, while opponents cite safety concerns.
In New Zealand, which drives on the left, left turns on red are not permitted except if a green arrow is present and lit. If a "slip lane" is present at the intersection (a lane turning left separated from the other lanes by a traffic island), left turns are permitted at any time, though traffic turning left must give way to pedestrians and oncoming traffic. Slip lanes are marked with Give Way signs and are most common at busy intersections in larger cities.
In Samoa, which drives on the left, left turns on red are permitted. Samoa used to drive on the right and basically follow the US rules of American Samoa, and this rule remained after switching to driving on the left on 7 September 2009.
Table
This table shows the legal status of turns on red in various jurisdictions, where no sign is present or traffic signal explicitly prohibits it. If it is normally allowed, a sign or red arrow might prohibit it. If it is normally disallowed, a sign or arrow might allow it, or the intersection may have a separate slip lane controlled by a yield or give way sign. However, a permissive arrow allowing a right turn (or left onto one-way) after yielding to traffic, possibly after a complete stop, is different from a protected arrow that does not require yielding.
Pedestrian and bicyclist safety
A 1981 US Department of Transportation study determined that the frequency of motor vehicle collisions with bicyclists and pedestrians when the vehicle was turning right increased significantly after the adoption of "Western RTOR". According to that study "Estimates of the magnitude of the increases ranged from 43% to 107% for pedestrian accidents and 72% to 123% for bicyclist accidents." These RTOR accidents were between 1% and 3% of all pedestrian and bicycle accidents in the locations that were studied.
A 1984 study found that where RTOR was allowed "all right-turning crashes increase by about 23%, pedestrian crashes by about 60%, and bicyclist crashes by about 100%." A 1993 study also concluded that RTOR increased crashes for pedestrians and cyclists, by 44% and 59% respectively.
For the 1982–1992 period, a National Highway Safety Commission report estimated that total fatal crashes in the U.S. involving vehicles making a right turn on red, were between 0 and 84, and probably toward the lower end of the range.
A February 2002 study published in the ITE Journal concluded that "Prohibiting right turn on red would require drivers to turn on green. This would most likely increase the number of collisions by right turning vehicles."
A 2009 study by The New York City Department of Transportation of injuries before and after right turn on red was allowed at specific intersections concluded that the change had not affected accident rates.
See also
Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals
References
External links
The Safety Impact Of Right Turn On Red: Report To Congress, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Traffic Tech
Transportation Research Record 1674.
Traffic Light Signals and Red Light Cameras: Turning on Red Light (US), by Justin JIH.
Traffic law
Traffic signals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn%20on%20red |
Greenough was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 2008.
Greenough was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 colonial election. The district was based in the northern part of Western Australia's Wheatbelt region. It was abolished in 2008 when the number of rural districts was reduced.
Geography
Greenough was a rural electorate, surrounding but not including the coastal city of Geraldton. At its abolition, it included the towns of Kalbarri, Northampton, Mullewa, Morawa, Dongara and Three Springs.
History
Although held on occasion by Labor, Greenough was typically a conservative seat. By the time of its abolition, it was a very safe non-Labor seat. The district was captured by the National Party when it was last contested at the 2005 state election. That ended the Liberal Party's 60-year hold on the seat.
Greenough was abolished ahead of the 2008 state election, as a result of the reduction in rural seats made necessary by the one vote one value reforms. Its former territory was split between the districts of Geraldton and Moore. Following Greenough's abolition, the sitting National MP, Grant Woodhams, contested the seat of Moore.
Members for Greenough
Election results
External links
Former electoral districts of Western Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Greenough |
ROTR can refer to:
Rules of the road (disambiguation), in any of that term's senses (eg, transportation, entertainment)
ROTR (video game), a shoot'em up video game for the Nintendo DS and Wii from Nibris
The Return of the Regulator, a 2001 album by rapper Warren G
Reviews on the Run, a video game review TV show
Rise of the Robots, a 1994 video game
Rise of the Tomb Raider, a 2015 video game
Robots on the Road, a traveling robotics program for middle school students, operated by NASA's Aerospace Education Services Project
Rock on the Range, an annual music festival held in Columbus, Ohio and Winnipeg, Canada
Rumble on the Rock: a mixed martial arts tournament
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity, a type of power generation
Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance, a Star Wars themed attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Walt Disney World and Disneyland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROTR |
Beauce may refer to:
Beauce, France, a natural region in northern France
Beaucé, a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department, Brittany, France
Beauce, Quebec, an historical and cultural region of Canada
Beauce (electoral district), a federal electoral district in Quebec
Beauce (provincial electoral district), a defunct provincial electoral district now split into Beauce-Nord and Beauce-Sud
Beauce (Province of Canada), a defunct pre-Confederation electoral district
See also | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauce |
Manasseh Damukana Sogavare (born 17 January 1955) is the sixth and current Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands, serving since 24 April 2019. He previously held the office in 2000–2001, 2006—2007 and 2014–2017; in all he has served over nine years as prime minister. Before becoming prime minister, Sogavare served in the National Parliament representing East Choiseul since 1997.
Early life
Sogavare, who is a Seventh-day Adventist, was born in Popondetta, Northern Province, Papua New Guinea on 17 January 1955 to missionary parents from Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands. He has four older brothers: Moses, Samson, John and Jacob. Later in life, Manasseh and his older brother Jacob moved to the Solomon Islands.
Political career
Early career
Sogavare was Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance from February 1994 to October 1996. Prior to his election to Parliament, he served as the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Director of the Central Bank of the Solomon Islands, and Chairman of the Solomon Islands National Provident Fund. He was first elected to the National Parliament from the East Choiseul constituency in the 6 August 1997 election.
Under Prime Minister Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Sogavare became Minister for Finance and Treasury in 1997 but was dismissed from that post by Ulufa'alu in mid-July 1998. Sogavare said that he was shocked at the dismissal, as he could see no reason for it and no reason was given, and he demanded an explanation. A few days later, Ulufa'alu said that the decision was motivated by the need for the government to keep the numbers to stay in power. In early August 1998, Sogavare withdrew his support for Ulufa'alu and his government, accusing Ulufa'alu of authoritarian and hypocritical leadership and of emphasizing stability only to protect himself.
Sogavare was chosen as deputy leader of the opposition in late September 1998, with Solomon Mamaloni as leader. Following Mamaloni's death in January 2000, Sogavare was elected as leader of the opposition later that month. He received the votes of all ten members of the opposition who were present.
Prime Minister (2000–2001)
Sogavare was elected as Prime Minister by parliament on 30 June 2000, with 23 votes in favor and 21 against, after Ulufa'alu was captured by rebels and forced to resign. He served as Prime Minister until 17 December 2001.
Out of office (2001–2006)
His party won only three seats in the 2001 general election, but Sogavare was re-elected to his seat in Parliament.
In Parliament, Sogavare was a member of the Bills and Legislation Committee in 2002 and again from 2005 to April 2006.
Following the 2006 general election, Sogavare led the Solomon Islands Social Credit Party into a coalition to oust Prime Minister Allan Kemakeza's chosen successor Snyder Rini, but there was much disagreement about who should be its candidate for Prime Minister. On 18 April 2006, he received 11 of 50 votes to become Prime Minister, placing him third. He then switched his support to Rini, allowing Rini to become Prime Minister while Sogavare became part of the coalition and was named Minister for Commerce, Industries and Employment.
Prime Minister (second term, 2006–2007)
Following Rini's resignation on 26 April 2006, Sogavare decided to attempt again to become Prime Minister. This time the opponents of Kemakeza and Rini united behind him, and in parliamentary vote on 4 May 2006, he received 28 votes, defeating the government candidate Fred Fono, who received 22 votes. Sogavare was immediately sworn in. His main tasks included organizing the recovery from rioting that took place during Rini's time as Prime Minister.
On 11 October 2006, Sogavare survived a no-confidence vote in parliament; the motion, introduced by Fono, was supported by 17 members of parliament, while 28 voted against it. The no-confidence vote was prompted by deteriorating relations with Australia. Sogavare had expelled the Australian High Commissioner Patrick Cole in September and defended the Solomons' suspended attorney general, Julian Moti, who Australia wanted extradited to face child sex charges there. Moti presently faces charges in the Solomons for illegally entering the country. On 13 October, Sogavare threatened to expel Australia from an assistance mission in the Solomons, and a week later Australian peacekeepers from the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands raided Sogavare's office (when he was not present) looking for evidence related to the Moti case.
On 13 December 2007, Sogavare was defeated in a parliamentary vote of no confidence; the motion against him received 25 votes, with 22 in opposition. He remained in office in a caretaker capacity until the election of a new Prime Minister on 20 December, when opposition candidate Derek Sikua was elected, defeating Patteson Oti who had been Foreign Minister under Sogavare. On the same date, Sogavare became Leader of the Opposition.
Leader of the Opposition (2007–2014)
In 2010, Sogavare and eight other MPs established the Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party, which won three seats in the 2010 general election.
Prime Minister (third term, 2014–2017)
Following the 19 November, 2014 general election, Sogavere became Prime Minister for the third time. On 22 September 2017 Sogavare spoke at the United Nations General Assembly. He condemned North Korea for their testing of ballistic missiles. He also condemned Indonesia for violence in West Papua. On 7 November 2017, seventeen members of his Democratic Coalition for Change voted against him in another motion of no-confidence. The lawmaker who submitted the motion of no confidence, Derek Sikua, claimed that Sogavere had lost touch with reality and become fixated on conspiracy theories, while Sogavere attributed the defections to a proposed anti-graft bill, saying that some MPs were afraid it would lead to them being imprisoned. Sogavere remained as Acting Prime Minister until Rick Houenipwela was elected on 15 November 2017.
Prime Minister (fourth term, 2019–present)
On 24 April 2019, he was once again elected Prime Minister with more than half the vote. There is controversy surrounding the election since a court issued an injunction to postpone the vote. The Governor General, Frank Kabui, chose to proceed with the election because, under the constitution of the Solomon Islands, the Governor-general has immunity from the courts when conducting the election of the prime minister. After Sogavare was re-elected there was rioting in Honiara forcing shops and offices to close. Additionally, rioters did damage to the Pacific Casino Hotel which was used by Sogavare as his campaign headquarters.
On 16 September 2019, Sogavare's government recognised the People's Republic of China (PRC), switching recognition from the Republic of China after 36 years. In a statement Sogavare announced the decision as representing an advance of Solomon Islands national interests, an outcome of a bi-partisan taskforce to investigate and confirm the facts surrounding the 'One China Principle', and reporting by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade. Responding to questions about caucus unity on the decision, Sogavare presented it as "a collective agreement agreed to by all the Democratic Coalition Government for Advancement (DCGA) coalition MPs elected into the 11th parliament, conducted in a very open and transparent manner as far as government caucus is concerned". The decision caused significant political and public debate in Solomon Islands. In the wake of the decision, planning minister Rick Hou and justice minister, Tautai Kaitu'u were sacked. Hou claimed Sogavare lied about the process for recognising the PRC, claiming the decision was pre-determined. Deputy Prime Minister John Maneniaru and Education Minister Dean Kuku were terminated, with Police Minister Lanelle Tanagada opting to resign.
Malaita Province, however, continued to be supported by Taiwan and the United States, the latter sending US$25 million of aid to the island in 2020. The premier of Malaita Province, Daniel Suidani, also held an independence referendum in 2020 which the national government has dismissed as illegitimate.
Riots broke out in November 2021 during which anti-government protesters, most of them from Malaita Province, burnt down buildings adjoining the Solomon Islands Parliament Building, while also looting Honiara's Chinatown. Sogavare himself resisted calls to resign, warning that the rioters would "face consequences" while also accusing them of being "politically motivated".
Australia responded to the unrest by deploying Australian Federal Police and Australian Defence Force personnel following a request from the Sogavare government under the Australia-Solomon Islands Bilateral Security Treaty. Papua New Guinea and Fiji also sent peacekeepers.
On 6 December 2021, he survived a motion of no confidence in the National Parliament.
Church dedication
Sogavare dedicated the Sogavare Memorial Seventh-day Adventist Church in memory of his father Sagavare Loko.
References
External links
|-
|-
|-
|-
1955 births
Finance Ministers of the Solomon Islands
Independent politicians of the Solomon Islands
Leaders of the Opposition (Solomon Islands)
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party politicians
People from Choiseul Province
People from Oro Province
People's Progressive Party (Solomon Islands) politicians
Prime Ministers of the Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands Seventh-day Adventists
Solomon Islands Social Credit Party politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasseh%20Sogavare |
Victoria Nicolls, (born February 1954) often misspelt as Victoria Nicholls, is an Australian actress and television personality. Nicolls is well remembered by viewers for appearing in the Australian game show Sale of the Century as a hostess from 1980 to 1982. She is also noted for her dramatic roles, such as Raeleen Archer in The Restless Years in the late 1970s, and as officer Heather Rodgers in Prisoner in 1984. In 1995 she was a leading cast member of the soap opera Echo Point.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Filmography
FILM
TELEVISION
References
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
1954 births
Australian film actresses
Australian soap opera actresses
Australian game show hosts
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Nicolls |
American V: A Hundred Highways is a posthumously released studio album by Johnny Cash. It was released on July 4, 2006, by American Recordings. As the title implies, it is the fifth entry in Cash's American series. Like its predecessors, the album is produced by Rick Rubin. It was Cash's first No. 1 album in 37 years. It was certified Gold on August 18, 2006, by the RIAA.
Background
As with the other albums in the American series, the album includes covers and originals. The originals on this album are "I Came to Believe" and "Like the 309", the latter of which was the last song Cash wrote before his death in 2003. Recorded on August 21, 2003, "Like the 309" was the next-to-last song Cash ever recorded; the last being "Engine One-Forty-Three" which was produced by John Carter Cash and released on the 2004 compilation album The Unbroken Circle: The Musical Heritage of the Carter Family. The album takes its name from a lyric on the track "Love's Been Good to Me" by Rod McKuen.
Previous recordings
Three songs on the album are updated versions of songs previously recorded by Cash.
"Help Me" was previously recorded by Cash for his 1973 album "The Gospel Road".
"I Came to Believe" was previously recorded by Cash in the 1980s during the recording sessions that would ultimately result in the posthumous 2014 release Out Among the Stars.
"I'm Free from the Chain Gang Now" was previously recorded by Cash for his 1962 album The Sound of Johnny Cash.
Chart performance
American V: A Hundred Highways peaked at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 with 88,000 copies sold in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan. It was Cash's first No. 1 album since 1969's Johnny Cash at San Quentin.
Track listing
Personnel
Cash engineer David "Fergie" Ferguson (assisted by Jimmy Tittle) and Rubin oversaw the completion of the recordings. Other musicians on the album include keyboardist Benmont Tench and guitarists Mike Campbell, Smoky Hormel, Matt Sweeney and Jonny Polonsky.
Johnny Cash – vocal, guitar
Laura Cash – fiddle
Dennis Crouch (bassist) – bass guitar
Smokey Hormel – guitar
Pat McLaughlin – guitar
Larry Perkins – guitar
Jonny Polonsky – guitar
Randy Scruggs – guitar
Marty Stuart – guitar
Matt Sweeney – guitar
Benmont Tench – organ, piano, harpsichord
Pete Wade – guitar
Mac Wiseman – guitar
Martyn Atkins – photography
Christine Cano – art direction, design
John Carter Cash – executive producer
Lindsay Chase – production coordination
Greg Fidelman – mixing
Paul Figueroa – mixing assistant
Dan Leffler – mixing assistant
Vlado Meller – mastering
Rick Rubin – producer, liner notes
David Campbell - string arranger
Mark Santangelo – mastering assistant
Jimmy Tittle – assistant engineer
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
"American V: A Hundred Highways" Review on "Cool Album of the Day"
USATODAY.com - Johnny Cash's final work yields 2 more albums
E! Online News - Johnny Cash's Last "American" Song
THE POP LIFE; Johnny Cash's Legacy Of Emotions, on CD's. New York Times (reprinted on JohnnyCashMusic.com). November 27, 2003.
Cash Earns First No. 1 Album Since 1969. Billboard July 12, 2006.
Luma Electronic's Johnny Cash discography listing
2006 albums
Albums produced by Rick Rubin
American Recordings (record label) albums
Johnny Cash albums
Lost Highway Records albums
Albums published posthumously
Sequel albums
Covers albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20V%3A%20A%20Hundred%20Highways |
Nicola is an extinct Athabascan language formerly spoken in the Similkameen and Nicola Countries of British Columbia by the group known to linguists and ethnographers as the Nicola people, although that name in modern usage refers to an alliance of Interior Salishan bands living in the same area. Almost nothing is known of the language. The available material published by Franz Boas required only three pages. What the Nicola called themselves and their language is unknown. The Salishan-speaking Thompson language Indians who absorbed them (today's Nicola people, in part) refer to them as the "the strangers".
So little is known of the language that beyond the fact that it is Athabascan it cannot be classified. Some linguists have suggested that it is merely a displaced dialect of Chilcotin, but the evidence is too little to allow a decision.
References
Boas, Franz (1924) Vocabulary of an Athapascan Tribe of Nicola Valley, British Columbia, International Journal of American Linguistics 3.1.36-38.
The Thompson Country, Mark Sweeten Wade
Northern Athabaskan languages
Indigenous languages of the North American Plateau
First Nations languages in Canada
Extinct languages of North America
Nicola Country | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola%20language |
Retread, also known as "recap", or a "remold" is a re-manufacturing process for tires that replace the tread on worn tires. Retreading is applied to casings of spent tires that have been inspected and repaired. It preserves about 90% of the material in spent tires and the material cost is about 20% compared to manufacturing a new one.
Applications
United States
Some applications for retreaded tires are airplanes, racing cars, buses and delivery trucks. Use of retreaded tires was common historically, but as of 2008, it was seldom used for passenger vehicles, mainly due to discomfort on the road, safety issues and cheaper tire brands surfacing on the market. About 17.6 million retreaded tires were sold in North America in 2006.
Process
There are two main processes used for retreading tires, called Mold Cure and Pre Cure. Both processes start with the inspection of the tire, followed by non-destructive inspection method such as shearography to locate non-visible damage and embedded debris and nails. Some casings are repaired and some are discarded. Tires can be retreaded multiple times if the casing is in usable condition. Tires used for short delivery vehicles are retreaded more than long haul tires over the life of the tire body. Casings fit for retreading have the old tread buffed away to prepare for retreading.
Material cost for a retreaded tire is about 20% that of making a new tire.
About 90% of the original tires by weight is retained in retreaded tires. A 1997 study estimates that then current generation of commercial vehicles tires to last up to 600,000 miles if they're retreaded two to three times.
Pre cure
Previously prepared tread strip is applied to tire casing with cement. This method allows more flexibility in tire sizes and it is the most commonly used method, but results in a seam where the ends of the strip meet.
Mold cure
Raw rubber is applied to the tire casing and it is then placed in a mold where tread is formed. A dedicated mold is required for each tire size and tread design.
Bead to Bead molding
In this subtype, retreading is also applied to the side walls. These tires are given entirely new branding and stamps.
Regulations
Some jurisdictions have regulations concerning tire retreading.
Europe
In Europe all retreads, by law, must be manufactured according to EC Regulation 108 (car tires) or 109 (commercial vehicle tires). As part of this regulation all tires must be tested according to the same load and speed criteria as those undergone by new tires.
The Land Fill Directive of 1999 banned tires in landfills in 2003, and banned shredded tires in 2006.
United States
The Department of Transportation requires marking of a "DOTR number" which shows the name of the retreader and when it was retreaded.
Safety
The United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recognizes the public perception that retread tires frequently used by heavy vehicles are less safe than new tires as evidenced by tire debris frequently found on highways. The NHTSA is continuing research to determine the proportion of tire debris from retreads in comparison to new tires. Additionally, the NHTSA is researching the cause of tire failure and the crash safety problem posed by tire failures.
Federal Executive Order 13149, signed by President Bill Clinton supports the use of retread tires for economic and environmental efficiency by requiring federal vehicles to use retread tires after original factory equipped tires become non serviceable, but only when "such products are reasonably available and meet applicable performance standards".
Environmental impact
Retread tires in service lower the volume of raw materials required for the manufacturing of a new tire. This includes a pronounced reduction in the use of oil. In fact, the US EPA estimated a greater than 75% savings in oil used for a retread as compared to a new tire. This also means significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. A car tire has 40% natural rubber and 60% oil based rubber, a retreading of tires will reduce the need for natural rubber significantly.
In addition to reducing the amount of raw materials extracted, retread tires also minimize the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. The latest figures by the US EPA indicate that over 11.2 M waste tires were dumped into the U.S. municipal solid waste stream. To understand this figure, it is equivalent to lining up passenger tires tread to tread from roughly Los Angeles to San Diego or Philadelphia to Washington DC. Because a retread tire prevents the need for manufacturing a new tire, significant environmental benefits are achieved.
References
Tires
Recycling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retread |
Hot air ballooning is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying hot air balloons. Attractive aspects of ballooning include the exceptional quiet (except when the propane burners are firing), the lack of a feeling of movement, and the bird's-eye view. Since the balloon moves with the direction of the winds, the passengers feel absolutely no wind, except for brief periods during the flight when the balloon climbs or descends into air currents of different direction or speed.
Hot air ballooning has been recognized by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) as the safest air sport in aviation, and fatalities in hot air balloon accidents are rare, according to statistics from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).
History
First manned flight
The first clearly recorded instance of a balloon carrying passengers used hot air to generate buoyancy and was built by the brothers Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier in Annonay, France. After experimenting with unmanned balloons and flights with animals, the first tethered balloon flight with humans on board took place on October 19, 1783, with the scientist Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, the manufacture manager, Jean-Baptiste Réveillon and Giroud de Villette, at the Folie Titon in Paris. The first free flight with human passengers was on November 21, 1783. King Louis XVI had originally decreed that condemned criminals would be the first pilots, but de Rozier, along with Marquis Francois d'Arlandes, successfully petitioned for the honor.
Modern revival
Modern hot air ballooning was born in 1960, when Ed Yost launched a balloon with a new nylon envelope and propane burner system of his own invention. Yost's first balloon was basketless, with nothing but a seat for him to ride on, but in a few years he and other balloon enthusiasts would develop balloons much like the ones used today.
Today, hot air balloons are used primarily for recreation. According to the FAA's General Aviation Survey data, in 2012, there were about 2,300 personally owned and flown balloons, and about 495 commercial sightseeing ride operators in the United States. Balloon rides are available in many locations around the world and are especially popular in tourist areas. At balloon festivals many balloons will fly at once, with other entertainment available.
Hot air balloons are able to fly to extremely high altitudes. On November 26, 2005, Vijaypat Singhania set the world altitude record for highest hot air balloon flight, reaching . He took off from downtown Mumbai, India and landed south in Panchale. The previous record of had been set by Per Lindstrand on June 6, 1988, in Plano, Texas. However, as with all unpressurised aircraft, oxygen is needed for all crew and passengers on any balloon flight that reaches and exceeds an altitude of .
On January 15, 1991, a balloon called the Pacific Flyer carrying Per Lindstrand (born in Sweden, but resident in the UK) and Richard Branson of the UK flew from Japan to Northern Canada, completing 7,671.91 km. With a volume of , the balloon envelope was the largest ever built for a hot air craft. Designed to fly in the trans-oceanic jetstreams the Pacific Flyer recorded the highest ground speed for a manned balloon of .
The distance record was broken on March 21, 1999, when the Breitling Orbiter 3 carrying Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones touched down in Egypt, having circumnavigated the globe and set records for duration (19 days, 21 hours and 55 minutes) and distance (46,759 km).
Flight techniques
Most hot air balloon launches are made during the cooler hours of the day, at dawn or two to three hours before sunset. At these times of day, the winds are typically light making for easier launch and landing of the balloon. Flying at these times also avoids thermals, which are vertical air currents caused by ground heating that make it more difficult to control the balloon. In the extreme, the downdrafts associated with strong thermals can exceed the ability of a balloon to climb and can thus force a balloon into the ground.
Sequence
Preflight preparation
Before a safe hot air balloon flight can begin, the pilot must check the weather and select a suitable take-off point. The current and forecast weather must have sufficient visibility for the pilot to see and avoid obstructions (little or no fog or low clouds) and sufficiently slow winds to allow take off and landing (less than 5 or 10 mph depending on skill and experience of pilot, passengers, and ground crew).
The take-off point must be large enough to lay out and inflate the envelope and clear of obstructions such as power lines and poles, trees, and buildings to allow lift-off under the predicted wind conditions. Finally, the take-off point must be situated such that the predicted winds will move the balloon in the direction of suitable landing sites. Taking off from a location that is directly up wind of a hazard, such as a large body of water, a large metropolitan area, or a large uninterrupted forest, without sufficient fuel to pass over the hazard is not safe.
Set up
The next step in a hot air balloon flight is unpacking the balloon from its carrying bag, laying it out on the ground, and connecting it to the basket and burner. A fan, often gasoline-powered, is used to blow cold (outside) air into the envelope. The cold air partially inflates the balloon to establish its basic shape before the burner flame is aimed into the mouth heating the air inside. A crew member stationed opposite the mouth, holds a rope (crown line) tied to the apex (crown) of the envelope. Some balloons, AX7 and larger, may have two (or more) crown lines. The "crown-man" role is twofold: one is to prevent the envelope from excessive sway, and two is to prevent the envelope from rising before it is sufficiently buoyant. Once the balloon is upright, pilot and passengers climb into the basket. When the pilot is ready for launch, more heat is directed into the envelope and the balloon lifts off.
The crew then pack up inflation equipment and follow the balloon with the retrieve vehicle (also called a chase vehicle).
Flight
During the flight, the pilot's only ability to steer the balloon is the ability to climb or descend into winds going different directions. Thus, it is important for the pilot to determine what direction the wind is blowing at altitudes other than the balloon's altitude. To do this, the pilot uses a variety of techniques. For example, to determine wind directions beneath the balloon a pilot might simply spit or release a squirt of shaving cream and watch this indicator as it falls to determine where possible turns are (and their speed). Pilots are also looking for other visual clues such as flags on flagpoles, smoke coming from chimneys, etc. To determine wind directions above the balloon, the pilot will obtain a weather forecast prior to the flight which includes upper-level wind forecasts. The pilot will also send up a helium pilot balloon, known as a met-balloon in the UK and pibal in the US, prior to launch to get information about what the wind is actually doing. Another way to determine actual wind directions is to watch other hot air balloons, which are the equivalent of a large met-balloon.
Control
The direction of flight depends on the wind, but the altitude of the balloon can be controlled by changing the temperature of the air inside the envelope. The pilot may open one or more burner blast valves to increase the temperature inside the envelope, thereby increasing lift, and thus ascend or slow or stop a descent. The pilot may also open a vent, if the envelope is so equipped, to let hot air escape, decreasing the temperature inside the envelope, thereby decreasing lift, and thus descend or slow or stop an ascent. Unless the pilot intervenes, the air inside the envelope will slowly cool, by seepage or by contact with cooler outside air, and slowly provide less lift.
Delayed response
One of the tricks involved in flying a balloon is learning to deal with the delayed response. To slow or stop a descent requires the pilot to open a burner blast valve. This sends hot combustion exhaust through the mouth into the envelope where it expands and forces some cooler air out of the mouth. This lightens the total weight of the system and increases its buoyancy, but not immediately. From the time that the burner is lit until the balloon slows or stops its descent can take 30 seconds or more, depending on its rate of descent, how cold it has become, and how powerful the burner. This delay requires a great deal of anticipation on the part of the pilot.
Steerage
The ability to change direction with altitude is called steerage. In the ideal case, in the northern hemisphere, wind direction turns to the right with an increase in altitude. This is due to the Coriolis effect. Winds spiral clockwise, when seen from above, out of a high pressure system and counter clockwise into a low pressure system. However, air travelling close to the ground will tend to move in more of a straight line from high to low pressure due to drag with the ground. Thus, a pilot may hope to find a turn to the left during the descent to landing. In the southern hemisphere, the direction of the spirals is reversed. In reality, interaction with an uneven terrain may lessen or eliminate this phenomenon.
Level flight
The burner is designed to create enough heat to warm up the balloon quickly. It is most efficient only when wide open. There is no good way to maintain the exact temperature required to maintain equilibrium.
Add to that the fact that when a hot air balloon is not actively being heated, it is cooling off. This means that it is in perfect equilibrium only momentarily. The rest of the time it is either too warm or too cool and so either climbing or descending.
These two facts together mean that under most conditions level flight is anything but. The goal of the pilot is to light the burner at the right interval and for the right duration (a few seconds) to keep the balloon slowly drifting up and down about the desired altitude.
An exception is made when flying close to the ground, as in an approach to a landing. Then the burner may be lit for very short bursts at a much higher frequency, thus sacrificing efficiency for accuracy.
Chase
While it is certainly possible to enjoy the sport of hot air ballooning without a chase vehicle, returning from the landing site by foot, bicycle, or hitch hiking, many balloonists opt to be followed by their ground crew in some sort of chase vehicle. Crew at the landing site can aid with the landing itself, by catching a drop line and guiding the balloon into a tight space; with extracting the balloon system from a remote location, such as deep in a farmer's field; and with packing up all the equipment.
Sometimes, a chase vehicle may be equipped with a trailer, which can provide more room at the cost of being more difficult to maneuver. A pickup truck or van by itself can be more maneuverable but at the cost of squeezing all the equipment, crew, pilot, and passengers into a single vehicle. Many chase vehicles are fitted with a cargo liftgate to aid in loading heavy equipment into the cargo space (the envelope itself can weigh 250 lbs or more).
Communication between the balloon and chase vehicle can be accomplished by two-way radio, or even shouting, when they are close enough together. The use of cell phones for this purpose, while the balloon is flying, may violate local telecommunication laws and should therefore be avoided except in an emergency situation.
Landing
Most pilots try to perform as smooth a landing as possible. This becomes difficult if the air at ground level is moving at more than or so. If the balloon is moving at this speed or more when it contacts the ground, the basket (which usually does not have wheels of any kind on the bottom) may drag for a bit or even tip over. Even the presence of ground crew may not help much. The combined weight (for an average passenger-carrying system as calculated above) can easily exceed the weight of a large automobile. (It is best not to be on the downwind side of a landing balloon to avoid being pinned between it and a hard place.) Pilots can improve the situation by landing in a spot protected from the wind, such as behind a line of trees or in a small valley.
Once the balloon has landed, the envelope is deflated and detached from the basket. The envelope is then packed into its carrying bag. The burner and the basket may be separated and all components are packed into the retrieve vehicle.
Competition
In competition, the pilots need to be able to read different wind directions at different altitudes. Balloon competitions are often called "races" but they are most often a test of accuracy, not speed. For most competitive balloon flights, the goal is to fly as close as possible to one or more exact points called "targets". Once a pilot has directed the balloon as close as possible to a target, a weighted marker with an identifying number written on it is dropped. The distance between a pilot's marker and that target determines his or her score. During some competitive flights, pilots will be required to fly to 5 or more targets before landing. To assist with navigation, topographic maps and GPS units are used. Another common form of competition is the "Hare and Hound" race. The Hare balloon takes off a set amount of time before the Hound balloons and typically flies with multiple altitude changes to make it more difficult for the chasing balloons to match its flight path. After a set amount of flight time, the Hare will land and typically lay out a target cross for the Hounds to drop their weighted markers near. As above, the distance between a pilot's marker and the target determines his or her score.
Some experienced pilots are able to take a flight in one direction then rise to a different altitude to catch wind in a returning direction. With experience, luck, and the right conditions, some pilots are able to control a precision landing at the destination. On rare occasions, they may be able to return to the launch site at the end of the flight. This is sometimes called a box effect, when winds at altitude flow in the opposite direction of surface winds.
Hazards
The dangers of the sport include excessive (vertical or horizontal) speed during landing, mid-air collisions that may collapse the balloon, and colliding with high voltage power lines. It is the last of these, contact with power lines, that poses the greatest danger. One of the most common causes of serious ballooning accidents in the US is power line strikes.
One reason for the high frequency of such incidents is the fact that pilots often attempt to land their balloons on or near roads in order to reduce the amount of off-road driving necessary to recover the balloon. However, in most rural areas where balloons fly, roads usually have power lines running along with them.
Of the 11 accidents involving fatalities recorded by the NTSB between 1997 and 2007, 4 involved contact with power lines, 3 involved falling after hanging onto the outside of a rising balloon, 3 involved striking an object on landing (boulder, wall, or tree), and 1 involved an equipment failure (an eyebolt).
Winter flight
The ability to fly hot air balloons in the winter is limited mostly by the ability of the participants to withstand the cold. The balloons themselves fly well in cold air. Because the temperature difference between inside and outside the balloon, not the absolute inside temperature, determines the lift it develops, a much lower internal temperature is sufficient to fly in cold weather.
However, if the liquid propane in the fuel tanks is too cold ( or less) it does not generate sufficient vapor pressure to adequately feed the burner(s). This can be overcome by charging the fuel tanks with inert gas such as nitrogen or by warming them, with electric heat tapes for example, and insulating them against the cold.
Tethering
Sometimes, especially at balloon festivals or other special events, balloons are flown while tied to the ground with ropes (tethers). This enables quick rides to many passengers, instead of long rides drifting with the wind away from the event with one load of passengers. Tethering techniques depend on the balloon manufacturer's instructions and wind conditions. Tethers can be attached to the basket, burner support, or the top of the envelope. A "night glow" is a tethered flight in darkness to enhance visual effects. While typical day flights use the main valve, using an efficient blue flame, at night tethered pilots use the liquid valve "whisper burner" ("cow burner", as it does not startle livestock), creating a spectacular bright orange flame.
Though tethered, a balloon is considered a registered flying aircraft when it leaves the ground.
Events
There are many regular gatherings of balloons and balloonists around the world. Most of these events are held on an annual basis. The festivities provide both a place for balloonists to interact as well as a venue for entertaining spectators. Events range in size from a few balloons and no spectators to hundreds of balloons with hundreds of thousands of spectators. The largest such event in the world is the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta, held every October in Albuquerque, New Mexico, followed by the Grand Est Mondial Air in France. The Bristol International Balloon Fiesta is another notable European event of this nature.
Gallery
Ballooning in the world
See also
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
List of balloon uses
References
Notes
Bibliography
The Science and Art of Hot Air Ballooning by Jackson and Diehtl, Garland Publishing Inc, 1977
How to Fly a Balloon by Stockwell and Kalakuka, Balloon Publishing Company, 1999
Balloon Ground School Home Study Manual by Stockwell, and Kalakuka, and Grady, Balloon Publishing Company, 1997
The Balloonist: The Story of T. S. C. Lowe – Inventor, Scientist, Magician, and Father of the U.S. Air Force, by Stephen Poleskie, Frederic C. Beil, Publisher, 2007.
External links
FAI International Balloon Committee
Balloon Federation of America
International Aeronauts League
Possible prehistoric Nazca hot air balloon
Balloon quotations
Articles containing video clips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20air%20ballooning |
The Greater Taree City Council (GTCC) was a local government area on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, until 12 May 2016 when it was amalgamated to form part of the Mid-Coast Council. It was originally formed in 1981 from the Manning Shire, and the Taree and Wingham Municipal Councils. The council was centred on Taree, located adjacent to the Manning River, the Pacific Highway and the North Coast railway line.
The last serving mayor of GTCC was Cr. Paul Hogan, an unaligned politician.
Towns and localities
Towns and localities included in the former GTCC were:
Taree
Bobin
Bohnock
Brinawa
Burrell Creek
Cedar Party
Coopernook
Coralville
Croki
Crowdy Head
Cundletown
Diamond Beach
Dumaresq Island
Dyers Crossing
Elands
Ghinni Ghinni
Glenwarrin
Hallidays Point
Hannam Vale
Harrington
Johns River
Jones Island
Kippaxs
Killabakh
Kolodong
Koorainghat
Krambach
Langley Vale
Lansdowne
Manning Point
Marlee
Mitchells Island
Mooral Creek
Moorland
Mount George
Old Bar
Oxley Island
Pampoolah
Possum Brush
Purfleet
Rawson River
Rocks Crossing
Stewarts River
Tinonee
Upper Lansdowne
Waitui
Wallabi Point
Wang Wauk
Wherrol Flat
Wingham
Demographics
At the last 2011 Census performed for the local government area, there were people in the GTCC government area, of these 48.7% were male and 51.3% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5.4% of the population, double the national average. The median age of people in the City of Greater Taree was 46 years; some nine years higher than the national median. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 18.6% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 22.5% of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 50.0% were married and 14.8% were either divorced or separated.
Population growth in the GTCC between the 2001 Census and the 2006 Census has been 5.39%; and in the subsequent five years was 3.09%. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78% and 8.32% respectively, population growth in the GTCC local government area was significantly lower than the national average. The median weekly income for residents within the GTCC was significantly below the national average, being one of the factors that place the GTCC in an area of social disadvantage.
At the 2011 Census, the last to be performed for the former council, the proportion of residents in the local government area who stated their ancestry as Australian or Anglo-Saxon exceeded 83% of all residents (national average was 65.2%). In excess of 62% of all residents in the GTCC had nominated a religious affiliation with Christianity at the 2011 Census, which was higher than the national average of 50.2%. Meanwhile, as at the Census date, compared to the national average, households in the GTCC government area had a significantly lower than average proportion (3.4%) where two or more languages are spoken (national average was 20.4%); and a significantly higher proportion (93.3%) where English only was spoken at home (national average was 76.8%).
Council
Previous composition and election method
GTCC was last formed with nine councillors, including the mayor, for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor was directly elected while eight other councillors were elected proportionally as one entire ward. The last election was held on 8 September 2012, and the makeup of the council when it was amalgamated into the Mid-Coast Council, including the mayor, was as follows:
The current Council, elected in 2012, in order of election, is:
History
The first movement to establish the GTCC began in November 1959. The Taree Municipal Council applied to the Department of Local Government to extend its boundaries to the coastal area between Old Bar and Seal Rocks.
At an inquiry of the Boundaries Commission at Taree in 1976, the Dungog Shire proposed that the areas covered by the shires of Dungog, Gloucester, Great Lakes and Manning and the municipalities of Taree and Wingham be combined into two areas "to elevate local government to its proper role". At this stage, Taree Municipal Council proposed only their merger with the Municipality of Wingham. A decision was postponed for five years. Due to the town of Taree not having a town hall, the Taree Municipal Council could not be renamed to The Greater Taree City Council as planned. However, by merging the Municipality of Taree and Municipality of Wingham together so that Taree could claim the town hall in Wingham as they own, only then could the formation of the Greater Taree City Council be formed.
On 1 January 1981, the City of Greater Taree was proclaimed, encompassing the Municipalities of Taree and Wingham and the Manning Valley Shire.
A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal had recommended the merger of a number of adjoining councils. In the initial proposal, the City of Greater Taree was not included in any amalgamation proposals. The amalgamation of the Gloucester, Great Lakes and Greater Taree councils was proclaimed on 12 May 2016, and followed the submission for such an amalgamation by Gloucester Shire Council.
References
Taree
Mid North Coast
Taree
Taree | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20of%20Greater%20Taree |
Replicate may refer to:
Replicate (biology), the exact copy resulting from self-replication of genetic material, a cell, or an organism
Replicate (statistics), a fully repeated experiment or set of test conditions.
See also
Replication (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicate |
Justine Florence Saunders, (20 February 1953 – 15 April 2007) was an Australian stage, television and film actress. She was a member of the Woppaburra, an Australian Aboriginal people, from the Kanomie clan of Great Keppel Island in Queensland. On the small screen she appeared in numerous series, mini-series and telemovies.
Screen roles
Saunders having started her career in theatre, made her screen debut in the television serial Rush in 1974, but first came to prominence as a cast member of soap opera Number 96 in 1976, as Rhonda Jackson. in a brief story arc portraying a character defending the rights of indigenous Australians. Subsequently, in 1986 she became best known for her role as social worker Pamela Madigan in the serial Prisoner
Other television credits include: Skyways, Women of the Sun (1981), Farscape, Blue Heelers, and MDA.
Her film work includes The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith and The Fringe Dwellers.
Order of Australia Medal
In 1991, Saunders was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM), for her services to the performing arts, her services to the National Aboriginal Theatre, and for her assistance in setting up the Black Theatre and the Aboriginal National Theatre Trust.
In 2000, through the indigenous Senator Aden Ridgeway, she returned the medal in protest at the emotional turmoil her mother was suffering over the Howard government's denial of the term "stolen generation".
Personal
Saunders was born next to a railway track. At the age of 11, as a member of the Stolen Generation, she was removed from her mother Heather and taken to Brisbane and placed in a convent. Heather was not told of Justine's whereabouts for more than ten years, and spent much of that time searching for her.
In April 2007, Saunders died of cancer at Hawkesbury District Hospital, Sydney, aged 54.
Honours and awards
1985 Saunders received the inaugural Aboriginal Artist of the Year award.
1991 Medal of the Order of Australia (handed in 200o)
1999 Red Ochre Award - Australia Council for the Arts
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1953 births
2007 deaths
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
Australian film actresses
Australian soap opera actresses
Australian stage actresses
Deaths from cancer in New South Wales
Indigenous Australian actresses
Members of the Stolen Generations
Actors from Queensland
Actresses from Sydney
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justine%20Saunders |
Wowowin is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by GMA Network and All TV. Hosted by Willie Revillame, it premiered on May 10, 2015 on GMA Network. The show aired its final broadcast on GMA Network on February 11, 2022. The show premiered on All TV on September 13, 2022. The show concluded on April 5, 2023.
Overview
Originally produced by Willie Revillame's WBR Entertainment Productions Inc., it served as a blocktimer on GMA Network. Randy Santiago originally served as the show's director. The show's theme song was composed by Lito Camo and arranged by Albert Tamayo. In late 2015, the show became a co-production between GMA Entertainment Group and WBR Entertainment Productions Inc. On February 1, 2016, the show joined the network's Telebabad line up.
In June 2017, co-host Super Tekla was fired from the show. On September 30, 2019, Sugar Mercado and comedian Donita Nose returned to the show.
The show's Saturday edition, Wowowin Primetime premiered on February 15, 2020, on the network's Sabado Star Power sa Gabi line up replacing Daddy's Gurl. Gab Valenciano, who was hired in January 2020 served as the director. In March 2020, the admission of a live audience in the studio and production were suspended due to the enhanced community quarantine in Luzon caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The show resumed its programming on April 13, 2020.
The show ended on GMA Network on February 11, 2022, as Revillame's contract with the network expired in the same month.
The show resumed through livestreaming on YouTube and Facebook on March 15, 2022. On July 15, 2022, it was announced that the show would return to television, this time on All TV, on September 13, after Revillame signed a contract with AMBS. After its broadcast in All TV received low ratings, online livestreaming was ceased on September 26, 2022, to encourage the viewers to watch it on All TV.
The show aired its final live broadcast on February 10, 2023 and concluded on All TV on April 5, 2023.
Cast
Willie Revillame
Former hosts
Yvette Corral
Janelle "Kim Chi" Tee
Donita Nose
Jennifer "DJ JL" Lee
Super Tekla
Amal Rosaroso
Ashley Ortega
Ariella Arida
Sugar Mercado
Camille Canlas
Jannie Alipo-on
Patricia Tumulak
Nelda Ibe
Kim Idol
Petite
Le Chazz
Halimatu Yushawu
Elaine Timbol
Almira Teng
Valerie Concepcion
Boobsie Wonderland
Herlene Budol
Dancers
Karen Ortua
April "Congratulations" Gustillo
Joyce Burgos
Samantha Flores
Yvette Corral
Monique "Pak" Natada
Chiastine Faye Perez
Bea Marie Holmes
Samantha Page
Lalaine Haddad
Karen Vicente
Ley Lopez
Honey Nicerio
Sharlyn Dizon
Zandra Faye Gonzalez
Patricia Reyes
Jho Ann Sotelo
Kristine Joy Paras
Kay Shivaun
Mabelle Rico
Princess "Upnek" Lerio
Clarisse Mae Chua
Ynna Marie Bayot
Tezza Santos
Burn Sanchez
Jules Cruz
Janine “Shin” Pasciolco
Geneva "Baby Gene" Reyes
Glory Mae Camu
Ann Duque
Kathleen "Cookie" Bueno
Lyca Makino
Grace Buenconsejo
Nikkie Millares
Jovie "Baby Girl" Bautista
Mabelle Portez
Angel Gavilan
Jannah Dazo
Fey Dela Peña
Princess Gregorio
Yannah Hernandez
Yam Masangkay
Sandy "Liwayway" Tolentino
Joy Basa
Mae Bejar
Lana Palting (2019)
Kayeann Picache
Melanie Grace Umali
Yhanna Whiwit
Jaye Anne Balangue
Alex Manla
Chinkee "Chinkeenini" Brice
Lhia "Ligaya" De Guzman
Aika Hernandez
Jhovielyn "Jovy" Bernal
Ayrra Averilla
Sheryl "Love Yah" Moñeno
Precious Quirino
Jonalyn Flores
Jeraldine "Lawin" Faustino
Erica "The Mabalaquena" Macapagal
Controversies
In January 2019, one person from the audience died on the set of Wowowin, and one person was injured due to an accident. On July 24, 2019, host Willie Revillame disqualified a group of contestants for modus operandi.
Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of Wowowin earned a 22.1% rating. While the premiere episode of Wowowin Primetime scored an 11.5% rating, according to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Nationwide Urban Television Audience Measurement People in television homes.
Based on Nielsen Philippines' National Urban TV Audience Measurement people data, the premiere of Wowowin on All TV scored a 0% rating.
Accolades
References
External links
2015 Philippine television series debuts
2023 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
All TV (Philippines) original programming
GMA Network original programming
Philippine variety television shows
Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Willie Revillame
Television controversies in the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wowowin |
The California Pacific International Exposition was an exposition held in San Diego, California during May 29, 1935–November 11, 1935 and February 12, 1936–September 9, 1936. The exposition was held in Balboa Park, San Diego's large central urban park, which had also been the site of the earlier Panama-California Exposition in 1915.
The Exposition was held to promote San Diego and support its economy, which had slowed with the country's Great Depression. The first year was such a financial and attendance success that it was held over for a second year. The exposition had hundreds of exhibits on history, the arts, horticulture, ethnic cultures, science, and industry. Some concessions and exhibits were unusual, such as the Gold Gulch, Lost Continent of Mu, Zoro Garden Nudist Colony, and the "One Ton Mechanical Man."
History
The idea for an exposition came from Frank Drugan, a newcomer to San Diego, California, who arrived in 1933. He recognized the potential of the buildings in Balboa Park left over from the 1915–16 exposition; the buildings had been designed to be temporary, but had been refurbished and upgraded several times and were available for use. In addition, Chicago's "Century of Progress" fair was just ending, and many of its exhibits could be transported for use in another fair. That exposition had paid for itself, and he was sure a San Diego exposition could do so as well. He promoted the idea of a new exposition, using the existing buildings and adding new ones, as a way of boosting San Diego's economy. He convinced local business people to support the idea.
The Exposition incorporated in August 1934. Construction of new buildings began in January 1935. The project was rushed through for a May opening. The foundations of some structures, such as the Electric Building and the Ford Building, were laid even before the final plans for the buildings had been drawn up. During March and April, 2,700 people worked around the clock on the Exposition. Approximately 65% of them were relief workers whose wages were paid by the federal government; the remainder were employees of private contractors.
The Motion Picture Hall of Fame exhibit
The Hollywood Motion Picture Hall of Fame exhibit, at the now-called in 1935-36, had a stock company of actors that signed with the Screen Actors Guild and The Dominos Club of Hollywood (social organization for actresses, including: Carole Lombard, Thelma Todd, and ZaSu Pitts).
Architecture
The buildings from the 1915 fair were in Spanish Colonial Revival architecture style, designed by Bertram Goodhue and Carleton Winslow. Architect Richard Requa designed the new permanent buildings to be added for the 1935 fair. He wrote that his goal was to relate pre-Columbian Indian buildings and temples, like those found in the Southwest and Mexico, to the modern era; his model was the 1915 New Mexico Building, which he remodeled into a Palace of Education. Many of the new large buildings were in this style, including the California State Building (now the San Diego Automotive Museum), Palace of Electricity (now a gymnasium), and Palace of Water and Transportation (no longer existent).
Other new buildings included:
The Old Globe Theatre, a copy of a theatre built for the Chicago fair, which in turn was a copy of the original Globe Theatre in London. During the Exposition it showed 50-minute adaptations of plays by William Shakespeare. After the fair it was remodeled and roofed over, and continued to show theatrical productions. The building burned down in 1978 but was rebuilt and is now the focus of a three-theater complex.
The circular Ford Building, generally regarded as the architectural wonder of the Exposition, now the home of the San Diego Air & Space Museum.
The Ford Bowl, now called the Starlight Bowl, an amphitheater used for concerts and theatrical productions.
The House of Pacific Relations, a collection of fifteen small tan red-tiled cottages which were dedicated to different foreign countries; these "International Cottages" are still in use by a consortium of groups from 32 countries as a focus of educational activities, outreach, and international festivals.
Spanish Village, a group of six buildings used for shops, restaurants, and a children's theater; it is now the Spanish Village Art Center featuring 37 working art studios and galleries.
While some of the extensive gardens from the 1915 Panama California Exposition remained, they were redesigned from formal gardens to gardens overflowing with lush abundance of exotic plants. Many were reimagined by renowned architect Richard Requa who was influenced by the gardens he had seen traveling in Spain. Today's Alcazar garden, Zoro Garden, and the garden at Cafe del Rey Moro are all Requa designs.
Commemorative coins and stamps
In honor of the California Pacific International Exposition, the federal government released a commemorative silver half dollar.
A three-cent postage stamp (Scott catalog 773) was also issued. It presents a view of the Exposition grounds, and has the same wording as the reverse of the half dollar, plus the dates "1535 1935". Over 100 million were printed, making this a very common issue.
Statistics
The Exposition took ten months to build.
It attracted 7,220,000 visitors during its 377 days of operation. Visitors brought US$37.7 million to San Diego. The cost was US$20 million. Admission was 50 cents for adults and 25 cents for children 2–11. Four restaurants provided meals: Cafe of the World, Palisades Cafe, Spanish Kitchens, and the Pioneer Days Restaurant. Twenty-one nations participated: Argentina, British Empire, Chile, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Honduras, Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Portugal, Sweden, Uruguay, United States and Yugoslavia.
Legacy
Park improvements amounted to US$6 million. The exposition was so popular that some buildings were rebuilt to be made more permanent. Many buildings or reconstructed versions remain in use today, and are used by several museums and theatres in Balboa Park.
In the early 1960s destruction of a few of the buildings and their replacement by aesthetically clashing modern architecture style of the new buildings "created an uproar" in San Diego's community. A 'Committee of One Hundred' was formed by citizens to protect the park buildings. The Committee convinced the City Council to enact resolutions that now require any new buildings to be designed and constructed in the Spanish Colonial Revival Style. The Committee also worked with various government agencies for the remaining original buildings to be declared a National Historic Landmark, which was awarded in 1978. In the latter 1990s the buildings most deteriorated or that had burned were carefully rebuilt to restore the original style and scale of the park's public spaces.
In October 2010, the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C. opened an exhibition titled Designing Tomorrow: America's World's Fairs of the 1930s. This exhibition, which was available for view until September 2011, prominently featured the California Pacific International Exposition.
References
Further reading
Richard W. Amero, "San Diego Invites the World to Balboa Park a Second Time," Journal of San Diego History (1985) 31#4 pp 261–280
California Pacific International Exposition Official Guide: Souvenir Program and Picture Book - 84 pages; 1935.
San Diego's Balboa Park - by David Marshall, AIA, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, .
External links
California Pacific International Exposition: The Complete Exposition History, a book in HTML form by Richard Amero, at San Diego History Center
"Do You Want an Exposition? San Diego's 1935 Fair in Photographs", by Larry and Jane Booth, in The Journal of San Diego History 31:4 (Fall 1985), archived at Wayback Machine
"The Crosby Exhibit of 1935 California Pacific International Exposition Covers". Philatelic exhibit (November 1999) by Lawrence Gregg
History of San Diego County, California
History of the West Coast of the United States
World's fairs in California
1935 in California
1936 in California
1930s in San Diego | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Pacific%20International%20Exposition |
Demetrius Hopkins (born October 10, 1980 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.) is an American boxer who fought in the light welterweight division.
Career
As an amateur, Hopkins was the 1999 National Golden Gloves Light welterweight champion.
Hopkins won the USBA light-welterweight championship when he beat Mario Jose Ramos by a unanimous decision.
On June 7, 2006 Hopkins had a knockout win against Michael Warrick.
Hopkins beat The Contender TV reality show star Steve Forbes on March 17, 2007, in a unanimous decision.
Hopkins fought twice more in 2007, beating Jailer Berrio with a first round knockout in July and Enrigay Colin by a unanimous decision.
Hopkins fought in a December 23, 2012 against WBO junior welterweight champion Danny "El Parches" Hernandez and lost by split decision. Hopkins is the nephew of former undisputed middleweight & light heavyweight champion Bernard Hopkins.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
African-American boxers
Boxers from Philadelphia
Light-middleweight boxers
Light-welterweight boxers
American male boxers
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius%20Hopkins |
The Cockrell School of Engineering is one of the eighteen colleges within the University of Texas at Austin. It has more than 8,000 students enrolled in eleven undergraduate and thirteen graduate programs. The college is ranked 10th in the world according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities, 9th nationally for undergraduate programs and 6th nationally for graduate programs by U.S. News & World Report. Nine of the ten undergraduate programs and seven of the eleven graduate programs are ranked in the top ten nationally. Annual research expenditures are over $180 million and the school has the fourth-largest number of faculty in the National Academy of Engineering.
Previously known as the College of Engineering, on July 11, 2007, the University of Texas at Austin renamed the College after 1936 graduate Ernest Cockrell Jr., whose family has over the past 30 years helped to build a $140 million endowment for the College.
Undergraduate departments
Rankings, in parentheses, taken from the 2023 edition of U.S. News & World Report.
Overall: 9th
Petroleum Engineering (1st)
Environmental Engineering (7th)
Civil Engineering (5th)
Computer Engineering (8th)
Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineering (8th)
Chemical Engineering (8th)
Electrical/Electronic Engineering (11th)
Mechanical Engineering (10th)
Biomedical Engineering (16th)
Graduate departments
Rankings, in parentheses, taken from the 2023 edition of U.S. News & World Report.
Overall: 6th
Petroleum Engineering (1st)
Environmental Engineering (3rd)
Chemical Engineering (5th)
Civil Engineering (6th)
Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineering (8th)
Computer Engineering (9th)
Electrical/Electronic Engineering (9th)
Mechanical Engineering (10th)
Materials Engineering (14th)
Nuclear Engineering (17th)
Industrial/Manufacturing/Systems Engineering (19th)
Biomedical Engineering (22nd)
Traditions
The Ramshorn
The Ramshorn is one of the most prominent symbols associated with the College of Engineering. Its origins as such can be traced back to over a century ago, when T.U. Taylor, the first engineering faculty member and first dean of the College, began drawing the elaborate checkmark on students' work. A mark reserved for perfect papers, Taylor overheard a student remark he had received a "ramshorn" in 1905, from which the symbol took on its current interpretation and significance.
Alexander Frederick Claire
Alec's beginnings as the patron saint of the College came as the byproduct of the efforts of a group of sophomore engineers back in 1908.
Joe H. Gill and his engineering friends thoughtfully considered how to make a holiday of April Fool's Day. After an unsuccessful attempt involving tying cans around dogs' tails and releasing them to disrupt class, the group of students saw a wooden statue about five feet high while getting refreshments, which they requested to borrow. The next day, Gill presented the statue as their patron saint and traced his ancestry back to ancient times between classes. The presentation successfully broke up classes, and led to his christening as Alexander Frederick Claire, patron saint of UT engineers, exactly one year later. Alec was at the center of a friendly rivalry between law and engineering students for many years, and was subject to numerous escapades such as kidnappings and amputations. Today, what is left of the original wooden statue is safely preserved in the engineering library.
Every year, engineering groups on campus build new Alecs which are then voted on by the students. The winner is announced on April 1 during Alec's birthday party.
Notable faculty
John B. Goodenough, recipient of 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research leading to creation of lithium-ion battery
Hans Mark, former Secretary of the Air Force and Deputy Administrator of NASA
Yale Patt, inventor of the WOS module, the first complex logic gate implemented on a single piece of silicon
Alan Bovik, Primetime Emmy Award-winning engineer whose video quality tools pervade television, social media and home cinema
Ilya Prigogine, recipient of 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Robert Metcalfe, co-inventor of Ethernet
Willis Adcock, worked on the first atomic bomb and assisted with the invention of the silicon transistor, as well as the integrated circuit
Edith Clarke, first woman faculty member of electrical engineering in the US and inventor of Clarke Calculator and method of symmetrical components
Research centers
The Cockrell School of Engineering has formal organized research units that coordinate and promote faculty and student research. These units provide and maintain specialized research facilities for faculty within a designated field.
Advanced Manufacturing Center
Center for Aeromechanics Research
Center for Energy & Environmental Resources
Energy Institute
Advanced Research in Software Engineering
Center for Mechanics of Solids, Structures & Materials
Center for Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering
Center for Research in Water Resources
Center for Space Research
Center for Transportation Research UT Austin
Computer Engineering Research Center
Construction Industry Institute
Phil M. Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory
Microelectronics Research Center
Offshore Technology Research Center
Texas Materials Institute
Wireless Networking & Communications Group
Applied Research Laboratories
Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences
Center for Subsurface Energy and the Environment
Center for Nanomanufacturing Systems for Mobile Computing and Mobile Energy Technologies (NASCENT)
Center for Electromechanics
Center for Additive Manufacturing and Design Innovation
The Center for Predictive Engineering and Computational Sciences (PECOS)
Center for Perceptual Systems
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology
Spark Research Lab
Student organizations
The Cockrell School of Engineering is home to over 80 student organizations under the supervision of the Engineering Student Life Office. These organizations offer a wide variety of student groups that provide academic, professional development, service, and social opportunities. The majority are student chapters of national and international professional engineering organizations. Among the organizations are:
The Student Engineering Council (SEC) is the umbrella organization of all the engineering student organizations, with over thirty engineering organizations affiliated. The SEC is responsible for acting as the official voice of all engineering students in the school and putting on events that benefit the engineering students including the Fall Engineering EXPO, which is the 2nd largest student-run career fair in the United States.
Omega Chi Epsilon (OXE) is the Chemical Engineering honor society. Candidates are invited each semester to undergo a pledge process which involves service events, social events, and faculty firesides. OXE's meetings feature high-profile industry partners and are open to all engineering students.
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE) is the primary professional student organization within the Chemical Engineering Department at the University.
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is the primary professional student organization within the Civil Engineering Department at the University.
The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), the Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America), and the Women's Transportation Seminar (WTS) are the primary professional student organizations for transportation students at the University.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is the primary professional student organization within the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the primary professional student organization within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University.
Eta Kappa Nu (HKN) is the honor society of the IEEE and serves electrical engineering, computer engineering, computer science, and other IEEE fields of interest. The University's Psi Chapter of HKN was chartered in 1928 as the 22nd chapter within HKN.
The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) is the primary professional student organization within the Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering at the University.
The Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE), the Society of Asian Scientists and Engineers (SASE), and the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) are three national professional student organizations who represent and develop minority student engineers at the University.
The Society of Women Engineers (SWE) is a professional student organization who represents women engineers at the University.
Engineers for a Sustainable World (ESW) is a professional student organization whose aim is to improve the sustainability at the University.
The Business Engineering Association (BEA) is Cockrell School of Engineering's newest professional student organization. It aims to connect business and engineering students interested in working in industries where business and engineering people work together.
Longhorn Racing (LHR) builds two Formula SAE cars each year, combustion and electric, and the Solar Vehicles Team builds a new solar-powered car every two years.
References
External links
The University of Texas at Austin Cockrell School of Engineering
Engineering schools and colleges in the United States
Engineering universities and colleges in Texas
University of Texas at Austin schools, colleges, and departments
Educational institutions established in 1894
1894 establishments in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockrell%20School%20of%20Engineering |
Birkebeinerrennet (lit. The Birkebeiner race) is a long-distance cross-country ski marathon held annually in Norway. It debuted in 1932 and has been a part of Worldloppet since Worldloppet's inception in 1979.
The Birkebeinerrennet is one of three races held under the Birkebeiner moniker, the other two being Birkebeinerrittet (bicycling) and Birkebeinerløpet (cross-country running).
The race was inspired by a notable journey made by the Birkebeiner loyalists Torstein Skevla and Skjervald Skrukka to save the infant heir to the Norwegian throne, Håkon Håkonsson, in the winter of 1206.
Researchers at the Manchester Metropolitan University found that the metabolic cost for modern ski models is about 2.5 J/kg*m as compared to about 5 J/kg*m for ski models dated 542 AD. They also estimated maximum cross country speed for the 542 AD ski to 5 m/s, compared to about 12 m/s for modern cross country skis; for long distance skiing (several hours) results were 3 and 7 m/s respectively. This corresponds to about 5 hours for the original 1206 AD Birkebeiner flight.
Race
The race starts at Rena and ends at Lillehammer, a distance of . The number of participants has been steadily increasing each year, and for the 2011 race, the limit was set at 16,000.
The following aid stations are present:
Skramstadsetra, 9 km
Dambua, 15 km
Kvarstad, 28 km
Midtfjellet, 35 km
Sjusjøen, 40 km
History
Origin
The Birkebeinerrennet has been held since 1932, and commemorates a trip made by the Birkebeiner loyalists Torstein Skevla and Skjervald Skrukka to save the infant heir to the Norwegian throne, Håkon Håkonsson, in 1206. All participants carry a backpack weighing at least 3.5 kg, symbolizing the weight of the then one-year-old king. The inaugural edition was won by Trygve Beisvåg. An own class for women was established in 1976.
Until 1991, the start city was alternated between Lillehamer (finish at Rena) and Rena (finish at Lillehamer). The last time that Birkebeinerrenet started at Lillehammer, the start was located on the site where the Lysgårdsbakken ski jumping arena were built for the 1994 Winter Olympics.
Special 2002 FIS World Cup Race
In 2002, the race was included as the last event in the FIS World Cup. The World Cup class was won by Thomas Alsgaard and Anita Moen Guidon finishing in
2:24:08.7 and
2:43:39.1,
respectively, faster than all records set prior to 2012 for men and prior to 2015 for women. However, the participants in the World Cup class were not required to carry the 3.5 kg backpack, and these times set in 2002 were therefore not considered as records.
Recent years
In 2007, the race was cancelled for the first time in history due to extremely high winds (90 km/h or 55 mph). However, at the time of cancellation, the event had been under way for nearly an hour, with roughly a quarter of the 13,000 competitors already on course. Despite the efforts of officials to send everyone back to the starting point, 55 competitors eventually reached the finish in Lillehammer, and upon being interviewed, blasted the decision to cancel the event .
The race was also cancelled in 2014, only 15 minutes before the start due to high winds of 15 m/s. Despite the cancellation, thousands of skiers completed the route from Rena to Lillehammer (and from Lillehammer to Rena) and criticized the decision. The organizers also decided not to give any refunds, which caused an investigation by the Norwegian Skiing Federation. In 2015, conditions were good for skiing fast and new records were set in both the men's and the women's classes. Petter Eliassen skied in 2 hours, 19 minutes and 28 seconds, more than two minutes faster than the previous record set by Anders Aukland in 2012. Therese Johaug skied the 2015 edition in 2 hours, 41 minutes and 46 seconds and set a new record for female skiers. The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Past winners
Course record in bold.
Men
Women
Birken Ski Festival
In the week preceding Birkebeinerrennet, several cross-country skiing races are held during the Birken Ski Festival:
Inga-låmi (ladies – )
HalvBirken (half – )
BarneBirken (kids)
UngdomsBirken (9–16 years old – )
StafettBirken (relay – )
FredagsBirken (Friday, original race – )
Birkebeinerrennet (original – )
References
External links
KMZ file tracing out the route of the race Requires Google Earth software.
2D View in Google Maps.
Official homepage (in Norwegian)
English version of the official homepage
German version of the official homepage
Cross-country skiing competitions in Norway
Åmot
Sport in Hedmark
Sport in Lillehammer
1932 establishments in Norway
Recurring sporting events established in 1932
March sporting events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkebeinerrennet |
Mindball is created by the Swedish developer Interactive Productline IP AB.
The technique is based on EEG methodology and the basic concept is to move a ball with your mind; Mindball.
Mindball can refer to both the Mindball Game and Mindball Play, both are developed and distributed by Interactive Productline IP AB.
History
The first classic Mindball Game was delivered 2003. More than 260 tables are now found, primarily at Science Centers, all over the world. An Early Access version of Mindball Play was launched on Steam December 1, 2016. The full version was launched in 2018.
Similar games have been developed featuring biofeedback, a concept similar to neurofeedback used by Mindball. In 1974, the game Will Ball was developed featuring a premise similar to Mindball though only using biofeedback.
Mindball Game (Table Game)
The classic Mindball Game is a physical table where the players are sitting opposite to each other wearing wired headbands with sensors that picks up the brain signals. On the table top there is a ball rolling back and forth depending on players level of focus. The player who is most focused and relaxed will have their ball score the opponents goal and win.
Mindball Play (Video Game)
The Mindball Play is a video game created for the consumer market. The full version of the game was launched on Steam July 11, 2018, there are power ups and other features.
Gameplay
Mindball Play is a racing game where players control and compete with their own customized ball.
Tracks
There are 15 playable tracks in Mindball Play 1.0. Some tracks focus solely on racing with banked turns and sharp drops, others also contain a number of obstacles like deadly laser beams and puddles of slippery oil.
Modes of gameplay
Mindball Play has several different modes of gameplay:
Single Player
Time Trial
Custom races
Campaign mode with challenges
Multiplayer
Online (up to 20 players)
LAN (up to 20 players)
Split screen (up to 4 players)
Controllers
Mindball Play has several available options for input and can be played with:
Brain signals via an EEG headband (Muse and BrainLink)
Keyboard
Gamepad
Tobii Eye Tracker
The brain sensing headband
The brain sensing headband measures the players brain waves with EEG technology.
The more focused the player is, the more control they have over their ball.
There are two playable options:
Play with the headband alone. The ball will follow it's AI while you are focused.
Play with the headband and any other input mode. The game will listen to your other control when you are focused.
Features
Power-ups Power-ups is an optional feature often used in multiplayer. Power-up items are obtained by driving into a box laid out on the course. The power up is then used by the player at will (unless the player pick up a new power up before the current one is used).
Time trial leaderboards for each track
AI-opponents An available option in single player mode is to race the ghost-balls of top players from the time trial leaderboard.
Customization of ball Each player can customize skin and color of their own ball.
Steam Achievements The Early Access version of Mindball Play has 32 available steam achievements to date.
See also
Comparison of consumer brain–computer interfaces
External links
Interactive Productline
Community Hub Page Mindball Play on Steam
Store Mindball Play Steam
Patent: Method for Playing Games Using Brainwaves
Principle of decoding of brain waves
Brain–computer interfacing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindball |
The Tropfest short film festival is held in Sydney, Australia each year. This is the List of 2006's Short Listed films and winners.
Malice In Wonderland
Dairy Farmers Youth Award 2006
Directed by Sarah Goddard and Emily-Kate Byrne
Shot on: 16mm
Tropfest
Tropfest finalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Tropfest%20finalists |
The 1995 Men's Champions Trophy was the 17th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy, an annual international men's field hockey tournament organized by the FIH. It took place from 23 September to 1 October 1995, in the Olympia Stadium in Berlin, Germany.
Germany won the tournament for the sixth time by defeating Australia 4–2 in a Penalty shoot-out in the final after a 2–2 draw.
Results
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00) on 23 September and Central European Time (UTC+01:00) from 24 September to 1 October
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Statistics
Final standings
Goalscorers
References
External links
Official FIH website
Champions Trophy
Hockey Champions Trophy Men
International field hockey competitions hosted by Germany
Champions Trophy (field hockey)
Sports competitions in Berlin
Hockey Champions Trophy Men
Hockey Champions Trophy Men
Hockey Champions Trophy Men | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Andrew McKaige (born 1959) is an Australian actor, most prominent in television soap opera. As well as acting, McKaige is also a voice-artist and singer-songwriter, having played with the country rock band, The Fine Line. In 1994, he won second place for Best Song in the Country Category of the Australian Songwriter's Association.
Divorced, McKaige met his ex-wife Leslie while living in Los Angeles. After seven years of marriage, the couple divorced when McKaige returned to Australia for a role in the Nine Network television soap series Paradise Beach.
Early life
Coming from a family of avid Australian Rules Football fans, In his teens, McKaige, along with his brothers played for Melbourne Football Club, and was named Under 17's Best and Fairest in 1975. His father, Ken McKaige, played for a number of different clubs over his career. At the age of five years, his brother Cameron was the youngest person ever signed to a league club. This was to ensure that he was not later residentially tied to play for Richmond.
Roles
While best known for his roles in Australian night-time soap operas, McKaige began his television career playing in comedy skits on the Paul Hogan Show. He then went on to play small roles on programs that included Cop Shop and The Sullivans. His big break came when he landed a recurring role in Skyways.
In addition to being an original cast member of the 1980s soap opera Sons and Daughters, he went on to be the second actor to play the role of Marty Jackson in Prisoner – succeeding Ronald Korosy and preceding Michael Winchester.
After residing in Los Angeles for a number of years, he returned to Australia and has since appeared in Paradise Beach, Blue Heelers, Neighbours, All Saints and The Secret Life of Us. He provides the voice of Pvt. Chips Dubbo in the Halo videogame series.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
References
External links
1959 births
Australian male film actors
Australian male soap opera actors
Australian male video game actors
Australian male voice actors
Living people
Male actors from Melbourne
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20McKaige |
The DQ and QR class were a class of diesel locomotives in New Zealand and Tasmania, Australia. Originally built by Clyde Engineering in the 1960s as Queensland Rail 1460 and 1502 class locomotives, they were purchased by Tranz Rail in 1995 to be rebuilt, as a cheaper alternative to buying new locomotives.
Introduction
Between March and September 1995, New Zealand Rail (renamed Tranz Rail in October 1995) purchased twenty-one 1460 and four 1502 class locomotives from Queensland Rail with the intention of rebuilding them for service in New Zealand. Seven 1460 and one 1502 class arrived in Auckland on 12 September 1995, and were later hauled to Hutt Workshops in Wellington. The second batch followed on the inter-island rail ferry , which was returning from Brisbane after a heavy engineering inspection, with twelve 1460 and three 1502 class locomotives. This batch arrived in Wellington on 23 May 1997. The last batch arrived on 25 June 1997, which consisted of two locomotives that were decided to be left behind on the second batch due to mechanical reasons. This batch arrived on the MV Lauriegracht.
Tranz Rail split them into two classes. The DQ class were rebuilt with a new cab and low nose and painted in the Cato Blue livery, with dynamic brakes, a computerised control system and rebuilt engine. The QR class were overhauled with auto-transition couplings and were also repainted in the Cato Blue livery, and were only used as trailing locomotives as they were not fitted with the safety equipment required to lead trains. The 1460s were originally planned to be reclassified as the DQC class, while the 1502s were planned to be reclassified as the DQF class. The classifications were later dropped.
The first locomotive, DQ15215 (ex-1521), underwent mainline testing from September to October 1996. 15215 was a temporary number that combined the Queensland number with a TMS check digit. It was soon renumbered as DQ6007, and released into revenue service in October 1996. The locomotive was unofficially named "The Platypus". Those rebuilt from 1502 class locomotives received 60XX numbers and those from 1460 class received 63XX numbers. This was done to differentiate the different power output of class members. 6007 had a horizontal mounted headlight and numbers below the headlight assembly on the front wall of the cab, while the rest had vertical mounted headlights and numbers on either side of the headlight assembly. The first of the QR class entered service in October 1997. Three (1499–1501) were not rebuilt but used as sources of spare parts at Hutt Workshops.
1460 class locomotive NO 1499 was due to be rebuilt as the prototype of the DQT class, a turbocharged version of the DQ class. But the programme was cancelled just less than a year later leaving 1499 as just an underframe, which was scrapped in 2001. 1500 and 1501 were also planned to be rebuilt as DQTs as well, but after the programme was dropped. Tranz Rail later approved to rebuild them as DQs, but this never commenced and were kept in storage at Hutt.
Service
Following the introduction of DQ6007, the loco was used between Wellington and Palmerston North for shakedown purposes for two weeks, and also to sort out teething issues. It was later assigned to freight services throughout the lower North Island. A further six DQs and seven QRs followed. Initially they were not preferred by locomotive crews due to excessive cab noise levels and emissions into the cab. Tranz Rail made modifications to DQ6324 that reduced the noise level to that acceptable to the Rail & Maritime Transport Union, and also diesel fumes from entering the cab. The QRs were modified and repainted for uses as slave units.
The class were largely assigned to freight trains. They did see some use on the Capital Connection and Wairarapa Connection long-distance suburban services, and occasionally on the Overlander as far as Palmerston North. It was soon discovered that the DQ class were not particularly reliable. Generator failures were particularly common, and so they were removed from long-distance operations to less-demanding short-haul runs, such as between Middleton Yard in Christchurch and the port of Lyttelton on the final leg of coal trains from the West Coast, and on the Ohai Branch line to and from Invercargill, hauling containerized coal trains. Several were also used as bankers to help trains up the gradients from Dunedin, and later up the 1 in 37 (2.7%) gradient out of Picton. 1460 class loco NO 1500 was used occasionally as a shunter at Hutt Workshops. Then unrebuilt 1460 class locomotive NO 1465 was used on a Mechanical Test Train in August 1997.
Exports to Tasmania
After purchasing AN Tasrail in 1997, Australian Transport Network (ATN), which shared the same Wisconsin Central ownership as Tranz Rail, quickly needed locomotives to replace the run down fleet of Alco and English Electric locomotives it inherited. Thus twelve DQs and three QRs were transferred to Tasmania; DQs 6007, 6330, 6353 and QR 3032, along with eight 1460 class locomotives. The three DQs were modified for service in Tasmania, while QR 3032 had its short-hood lowered as a DQ. The eight 1460s were fully rebuilt as DQs, with some being undergoing rebuilding when they were sold. Originally the three QRs were on a one-year lease, but were later sold. The modifications made to the units were changing the drawgear back to the originally Queensland Railways standard height, increasing the fuel tank capacity, relocate the battery boxes, installation of a sludge tank and engine room sump pan, fitting of the "Kaitiaki" vigilance, fitting of ZTR electronic anti-wheelslip technology and upgrading dynamic brakes. The locomotives were also renumbered in the 2000 series, and tested between Wellington and Palmerston North. The ex-1460s were fitted with EMD 567C prime movers, that were originally fitted into the ex-1502 class locomotives.
The first two DQs, 2001 and 2002, were loaded on the MV Polar Queen on 28 August 1998, and arrived in Bell Bay on 2 September 1998. The two locomotives were repainted in ATN's red livery, which consisted of green "Tasrail" lettering, bright tomato red all over the locomotives and yellow bar-code stripes on the short-hood. The next batch consisted of DQs 2003, 2004 and 2005, which were repainted in the Wisconsin Central maroon livery, and QRs 2056, 2062 and 2102, which were still repainted in the Cato Blue livery. The new livery for Tasrail consisted of maroon, with a wide buff yellow stripe and red "Tasrail" lettering, with the Tasmanian flag next to the letters. The reason in the change of livery is due to ATN not being impressed of the cost of it. This batched left the Port of Wellington on 8 December 1998 on the Arktis Dream, and arrived in Tasmania on 15 December 1998. The third batch left on 23 February 1999 on the Edisongracht, compromising of DQs 2006, 2007 and 2008, and arrived in Tasmania on 3 March 1999. The last batch, which consisted of DQs 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, left Wellington on the Melanesian Chief on 28 September 1999, and arrived in Tasmania on 5 October 1999.
The DQs have not been overly reliable in Tasmania either. The locomotives have had a high number of main generator failures, since their arrivals. Reductions in rated haulage capacity reduced the number of in service failures and train operating problems. All were included in the 2004 sale of ATN to Pacific National and then in 2009 to TasRail. Six locomotives have been repainted into the new grey and yellow livery. DQ 2001, which had just been reassembled, became the first loco to be repainted in the new livery in August 2010. Two DQs are carrying special advertising panels, in-place of TasRails logo. 2006 carries a level crossing safety advertisement, while 2012 carries logos commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Rosebery Mine.
The three QRs were again used as trail units in Tasmania due to the lack of radios and other equipment, as what are fitted to other lead locomotives. They were also occasionally used for yard shunts. The three locomotives never saw much service in the first few years, with 2062 and 2102 being placed into storage within the first year, with 2056 following not long after. The three later returned to service. QR 2102 withdrawn again after a major engine failure in July 2002. 2056 was again withdrawn in August 2005. By 2008, only 2062 remained in service. It was generally on the Melba line, but was occasionally used on the South line. It was withdrawn in November 2009. The locomotives were stored at East Tamar Workshops after withdrawal. They were transported to One Steel in Bell Bay in June 2012 and scrapped.
The DQs and QRs were sold to TasRail in 2001. In 2017, it was announced that DQ 2007 would be converted into driving trailer DV2 for the Railton to Devonport cement trains, to replace DV1. As at February 2023, it was undergoing trials. As at October 2022, of the remaining 11, seven were operational with four in store at East Tamar Workshops.
Withdrawal in New Zealand
Following the sale of twelve DQs and three QRs locomotives to TasRail, Tranz Rail retained DQs 6324, 6347, 6376 and 6382 and QRs 2027, 2079 and 2085. The trio of QRs were seen used as slave units on freight trains in both islands, and occasionally on the Coastal Pacific. In March/April 2000, DQs 6347 and 6376 were transferred to the South Island for the coal shuttles between Middleton and Lyttelton. In mid-November that year, DQs 6324 and 6382 were also allocated to the South Island for banking services between Oamaru and Dunedin. The locomotives were later used for banking services between Picton and Wharanui as well.
The three QRs were withdrawn in mid-July 1999 and were placed into storage at Hutt Workshops. In 2003, the trio of QRs and the two un-rebuilt 1460 class locomotives were sold to the National Railway Equipment Company. In November 2005, the five locomotives were shipped to Mount Vernon, Illinois in the United States. The two 1460 class locomotives were overhauled are in use in the Southern Hemisphere. 1460 class locomotive NO 1500 is owned and operated by the Magadi Soda Company in Kenya, and renumbered as their NO 5001. 1501 is now owned and operated by CMP in Chile, and renumbered as their NO 9, and entered service for its new owner circa 2008. The other three are where they remain minus a number of components.
DQs 6324 and 6382 were both withdrawn in 2002. 6382 was stored at Hillside Workshops and stripped of its six traction motors and other parts, while 6324 was placed on stand-by in Middleton Yard for the remaining two, which back then were used only on the coal dumps between Middleton and Lyttelton. 6324 was later placed into storage at Linwood Depot, and also used for spare parts. DQ6376 was later withdrawn due to a defective main generator. These three locomotives were later returned to service after being overhauled at Hutt Workshops.
On 20 June 2011, DQ6376 was damaged when it, and leading unit DFT 7117, collided with a slip at Claverley, south of Kaikōura. It was then withdrawn and taken to Hutt Workshops and not returned to service, and became a source of spare parts. DQ6324 was withdrawn in mid to late 2012 had worn its wheelsets down to the minimum code, and was also placed into storage at Hutt Workshops. In March 2013, DQs 6347 and 6382 were withdrawn from service and placed into storage in Middleton Yard.
In February 2013, KiwiRail placed 6324 and 6376 up for sale overseas, with 6347 and 6382 in the following month. DQs 6347 and 6382 were sold via APEX International, while the other two were sold to the National Railway Equipment Company. 6347 and 6382 were towed from Middleton Yard to Auckland in April 2013, and were shipped from the Port of Auckland on 13 May in the same year. While the remaining two were towed north from Hutt Workshops in July 2013, and shipped on 4 August 2013. They were rebuilt in South Africa by RRL Grindrod for use in Mozambique. 6347 and 6382 have been reclassified as RRL22-02 and RRL22-01, while 6324 and 6376 were reclassified as BG15-01 and BG15-02. RRL22-01, RRL22-02 and BG15-01 are operated at the Nacala Corridor for a cement site, while BG15-02 was operated by the Harmony Mining Company in Welkom OFS. In October 2017, RRL22-01 and RRL22-02 were put up for sale by Grindrod. BG15-01 and BG15-02 were moved north crossed Beitbridge, and had Tazara painted on them.
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
- NZ Railways Rolling Stock Lists - DQ class of 1996
Clyde Engineering locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Tasmania
DQ class
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Diesel-electric locomotives of Australia
Railway locomotives introduced in 1964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Zealand%20DQ%20and%20QR%20class%20locomotives |
Merredin was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1950 to 2008.
Originally known as Merredin-Yilgarn, the name was shortened in 1977. The district was located in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia and was named for the town of Merredin.
Merredin was abolished in 2008 as a result of the reduction in rural seats made necessary by the one vote one value reforms. Its former territory was largely incorporated into the new seat of Central Wheatbelt, with parts also added to the districts of Moore and Wagin.
At various times, Merredin was held by all three of the major parties. The district was held by the Labor Party for all but three of its first 24 years. From 1977 onward, however, it became very safe for the National Party.
Geography
At its abolition, Merredin covered several inland rural shires. Its towns included Merredin, Dalwallinu, Wongan Hills, Cunderdin, Kellerberrin, Quairading, Bruce Rock and Corrigin.
Members for Merredin
Election results
External links
Merredin
Wheatbelt (Western Australia) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Merredin |
Pont Cardinet station (French: Gare de Pont Cardinet) is a railway station in Paris. It is situated on the Paris–Le Havre railway. It is the first station on the line originating from Gare Saint-Lazare in Paris. The station building is situated above the track level alongside Rue Cardinet. The station is equipped with escalators and Solari destination boards.
The main line continues towards Clichy whilst a small line, now closed, branches off towards Pereire-Levallois and links St Lazare to the RER C, this branch was once part of Ligne d'Auteuil and closed in June 1996. Today, there are shuttle buses connecting Pereire-Levallois on RER C. Since December 2020, the station is also connected to the Paris Métro line 14 with the construction of the Pont Cardinet metro station.
History
Originally named Batignolles station (French: Gare des Batignolles), the station opened on 2 May 1854, along with the Auteuil railway.
References
External links
Pont Cardinet
Railway stations in France opened in 1854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont%20Cardinet%20station |
In English tort law, an individual may owe a duty of care to another, in order to ensure that they do not suffer any unreasonable harm or loss. If such a duty is found to be breached, a legal liability will be imposed upon the tortfeasor to compensate the victim for any losses they incur. The idea of individuals owing strangers a duty of care – where beforehand such duties were only found from contractual arrangements – developed at common law, throughout the 20th century. The doctrine was significantly developed in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson, where a woman succeeded in establishing a manufacturer of ginger beer owed her a duty of care, where it had been negligently produced. Following this, the duty concept has expanded into a coherent judicial test, which must be satisfied in order to claim in negligence.
Generally, a duty of care arises where one individual or group undertakes an activity which could reasonably harm another (or themselves), either physically, mentally, or economically. This includes common activities such as driving (where physical injury may occur), as well as specialised activities such as dispensing reliant economic advice (where economic loss may occur). Where an individual has not created a situation which may cause harm, no duty of care exists to warn others of dangerous situations or prevent harm occurring to them; such acts are known as pure omissions, and liability may only arise where a prior special relationship exists to necessitate them.
Duty of care
The first element of negligence is the legal duty of care. This concerns the relationship between the defendant and the claimant, which must be such that there is an obligation upon the defendant to take proper care to avoid causing injury to the plaintiff in all the circumstances of the case. There are two ways in which a duty of care may be established:
the defendant and claimant are within one of the recognised relationships where a duty of care is established by precedent; or
outside these relationships, according to the principles developed by case law.
The principles delineated in Caparo v Dickman specify a tripartite test:
Was the harm reasonably foreseeable?
Was there a requisite degree of proximity between the claimant and the defendant?
Is it fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care; are there precluding public policy concerns?
There are a number of distinct and recognisable situations in which the courts recognise the existence of a duty of care. Examples include
one road-user to another
employer to employee
manufacturer to consumer
doctor to patient
solicitor to client
teacher to student
The common law position regarding negligence recognised strict categories of negligence. In 1932, the duty of a care applied despite no prior relationship or interaction and was not constrained by privity of contract. Here, a duty of care was found to be owed by a manufacturer to an end consumer, for negligence in the production of his goods. Mrs Donoghue's claim for damages for gastroenteritis and nervous shock were allowed, where a ginger beer manufacturer had negligently allowed a snail into a bottle, which she had consumed. Lord Atkin established liability on the basis that a neighbour principle existed between the two parties, to ensure reasonable care was taken in the production of the ginger beer, so as not to cause Mrs Donoghue any unreasonable harm:
Lord Atkin's speech established a neighbour principle, or a general duty that individuals must take reasonable care in their actions or omissions, so as not to cause harm to others proximate to them. It did not matter that Mrs Donoghue was unidentified or unknown to the manufacturer; as the type of harm which occurred was foreseeable through the negligence of the ginger beer manufacturer.
The Anns test
Following the firm establishment of the neighbour principle in negligence, it became clear in subsequent years that it did not represent an easily applicable approach to new forms of duty, or to unprecedented situations of negligence. As such, new categories of negligence evolved, as in Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd, to cover different types of negligent acts, rather than a coherent doctrine or ratio being taken from Donoghue v Stevenson. Some thirty years after Donoghue was decided, in Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd, Lord Reid stated judicially that: "the time has come when we can and should say that it ought to apply unless there is some justification or valid explanation for its exclusion." It was not until the case of Anns v Merton London Borough Council however, that the neighbour principle was adopted in a formal test for negligence. The case involved the negligent construction of a block of maisonettes, commissioned by the Merton London Borough Council. The flats, finished in 1972, had poorly constructed foundations, resulting in sloping of floors, and cracks in the walls. The lessees of the maisonettes sued the council in negligence, alleging a duty of care existed for the building to be properly constructed and in a usable state.
In rejecting the previous evolution of duty of care, a categorical approach where a claim would have to fit under previous situations a duty had been found, the House of Lords unanimously found a duty to exist. The test established by Lord Wilberforce – known as the Anns test – imposed a prima facie duty of care where:
A sufficient relationship of proximity or neighbourhood exists between the alleged wrongdoer and the person who has suffered damage, such that carelessness on the part of the former is likely to cause damage to the latter;
There are no considerations relevant which may reduce or limit the scope of any imposed duty.
The three stage test
Following the establishment of the two stage test for a duty of care, there was a marked judicial retreat from the test, which was widely seen as being too inclusive, and being too easily applicable to cases which might be contrary to public policy. The test was formally overruled in Murphy v Brentwood District Council, where the House of Lords invoked the Practice Statement to depart from the Anns test. The resultant test for a duty of care - which remains good law today - can be found in the judgments of Caparo Industries plc v Dickman. A large criticism of the Anns test had been that it combined the test for proximity of relationship with foreseeability of harm. Whereas Lord Atkin's neighbour principle emphasised a need for both a proximate relationship, as well as a foreseeability of harm, the Anns test did not make such a clear distinction. Richard Kidner has stated that this led the courts to sometimes ignore relevant policy considerations, and to encourage "lazy thinking and woolly analysis". The resounding test attempts to reconcile the need for a control device, proximity of relationship, with foreseeability of harm. Lord Oliver's speech in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman summarises the test for a duty of care:
The harm which occurred must be a reasonable foreseeable result of the defendant's conduct;
A sufficient relationship of proximity or neighbourhood exists between the alleged wrongdoer and the person who has suffered damage;
It is fair, just and reasonable to impose liability.
In reintroducing the need for proximity as a central control device, it has been stated that these three stages are 'ingredients' of liability, rather than tests in their own right. For example, liability can arise between complete strangers, where positive acts involving foreseeable physical harm occur; where negligent omissions and misstatements occur however, it is necessary to show a proximate relationship, as well as a foreseeability of harm.
Status of the claimant
The status of the claimant in an act of negligence can result in a duty of care arising where it would not normally – as is the case with rescuers – or prevent a duty of care existing altogether. Claims that a doctor may owe a mother a duty of care to advise against child birth, and claims that police may owe an individual involved in criminal behavior a duty of care, have been barred. In McKay v Essex Area Health Authority, a child's claim that a doctor should have advised his mother to seek an abortion was struck out; Whilst the Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act allows a course of action where negligence is the cause of a disability, wrongful life has remained barred for policy reasons. Similarly, where a criminal attempted to escape police capture in Vellino v Chief Constable of the Greater Manchester Police, his claim that they owed him a duty of care not to let him escape after they had arrested him was branded 'absurd'.
Rescuers
It has been established at common law that those who attempt rescue are owed a duty of care by those who create dangerous situations, in which it is foreseeable rescuers may intervene. This duty can apply to professional rescuers – such as doctors or lifeguards – as much as ordinary individuals, and may even apply where the rescuer engages in a careless or reckless rescue attempt. The basis for this liability was first recognised in Haynes v Harwood. Here, a child who threw a stone at a horse, causing it to bolt, was liable to a policeman who attempted to stop it subsequently, and was injured. The duty was confirmed in the later case of Baker v T E Hopkins & Son Ltd, with Wilmer LJ stating that:
Assuming the rescuer not to have acted unreasonably, therefore, it seems to me that he must normally belong to the class of persons who ought to be within the contemplation of the wrongdoer as being closely and directly affected by the latter's act.
The duty of care owed to a rescuer is separate from that owed to those he is rescuing. Where individuals trespassed onto a railway line, putting themselves in danger, they were not owed a duty of care; however, the stationmaster who attempted rescue and was fatally injured was owed a duty of care, as it was foreseeable he would attempt a rescue. Equally, a duty of care may arise where an individual imperils himself, and a rescuer is injured, despite the individual clearly owing himself no duty of care.
Duty of care for omissions
Generally, no duty of care may arise in relation to pure omissions; acts which if taken would minimise or prevent harm to another individual. However, where an individual creates a dangerous situation - even if blamelessly - a duty of care may arise to protect others from being harmed. Where an individual left his car without lights on at the side of a carriageway, he owed a duty of care to other drivers, despite the road being well lit, and was thus jointly liable when another driver collided with his car.
There are however certain circumstances in which an individual may be liable for omissions, where a prior special relationship exists. Such a relationship may be imposed by statute; the Occupiers' Liability acts for example impose a duty of care upon occupiers of land and properties to protect – in as far as is reasonable – others from harm. In other cases, a relationship may be inferred or imposed based on the need to protect an individual from third parties. In Stansbie v Troman a decorator failed to secure a household he was decorating, resulting in a burglary while he was absent; it was found he owed a duty to the household owner to adequately secure the premises in his absence. An authority or service may equally owe a duty of care to individuals to protect them from harm. In Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, the police were found to have owed a duty to a prisoner – who was known to be a suicide risk – to ensure he did not commit suicide in their custody. Authorities have also been found liable for failing to protect against the risks of third parties, in certain circumstances. An education authority was found to owe a duty of care to motorists to protect against the risk of a young children in a public road; a driver was injured when forced to swerve, after a four-year-old child escaped and ran into the path of oncoming traffic.
A duty of care will also apply to an omission if a dangerous act was committed by a third party on the defendant's property which he knew about or should have known about, and he did not take reasonable steps to avert damage to neighbouring properties.
Special types of harm
Psychiatric harm
The duty of care owed to protect others from psychiatric harm is different from that owed for physical harm, with additional control devices and distinctions present in order to limit liability. A successful claim for psychiatric harm must result from a sudden shock (caused by a traumatising event), and the victim must be of ordinary fortitude and mental strength, and not especially susceptible to the harm in question. Whilst a prima facie duty of care is imposed for physical harm where the criteria of proximity, foreseeability, and policy are fulfilled, liability for psychiatric harm rests upon an individual's connection to a traumatising event; those not physically endangered may not be owed a duty of care unless they can fulfil several relational criteria.
The decision of Page v Smith establishes liability for psychiatric harm where an individual is endangered physically. Victims in this category are known as primary victims, and are automatically owed a duty of care, as explained by Lord Lloyd:
Further individuals are classed as secondary victims, and must meet several criteria in order to establish a duty of care is owed to them. There are several types of victims whom the court have recognised; employees who suffer excessive stress at work, individuals witnessing the destruction of their property, while those witnessing especially traumatising scenes involving others are secondary victims. Case law surrounding psychiatric harm focuses primarily on secondary victims; recovery for witnessing the injury and harm of others has been limited primarily by the decision of Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire, which establishes several boundaries and criteria for imposing liability. There must be a close tie of 'love and affection' between the primary victim, and the secondary victim witnessing the traumatic event. Additionally, the cause of the harm must be close and proximate to the shocking event in question, and it must be witnessed by the means of the victim's senses, and not via some form of communication.
Pure economic loss
Negligence which causes no physical or psychiatric harm, but causes economic loss to an individual or organisation, is termed pure economic loss. The idea that a duty of care may be owed to protect against the economic loss of others has been seen as problematic, as the bounds of such liability are potentially unforeseeable, and difficult to establish. Thus, there are several limits in place on the recovery of pure economic loss, with some categories of economic loss being totally unrecoverable altogether. Those affected by damage caused to the property of another company or individual, or who suffer loss due to the purchase of a defective product, for example, cannot ordinarily recover any losses incurred as a result. Instances where a duty of care is recognised generally involve the negligent performance of a service, or the negligent misstatements of professionals, which are then relied upon by others.
The development of pure economic loss stems from the case of Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd, where it was first recognised that a duty of care may arise not to cause economic loss to others through negligent misstatements. In this case, Hedley Byrne, an advertising agency, approached Heller & Partners for a credit check on a third company, Easipower Ltd, before carrying out advertising orders on their behalf. Heller & Partners reported that Easipower Ltd was credit-worthy, and in reliance on this statement, Hedley Byrne placed advertising orders for them. When subsequently Easipower Ltd was declared bankrupt, Hedley Byrne took legal action against Heller & Partners, alleging they had been owed a duty of care when consulting for a credit reference. Whilst Hedley Byrne did not succeed in their claim, the House of Lords recognised that such a duty may be owed, where a relationship of reliance exists between two parties.
Liability of public bodies
An organisation or public body may be found to have committed a negligent act in the same way that an individual may; however, for policy reasons, the duty of care which a public body may owe is different from that of private individuals or organisations. Generally, it is where the type of harm involved is not of a physical kind, or a negligent omission is committed, that the formulation of a duty of care differs.
Traditionally, courts have rejected claims that the police owe a duty of care to victims of crime. In Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, no duty of care was found to exist between the police and Jacqueline Hill, one of the victims of the Yorkshire Ripper. This lack of duty of care has been affirmed in a number of other cases both on the grounds of lack of proximity (a test required in all formulations of the doctrine of duty of care) and on the grounds of it being poor public policy.
In 2018, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom found that the failure to properly investigate allegations of sexual assault against two women by John Worboys amounted to a breach of Article 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights, and that conspicuous or substantial errors in investigating serious crimes would give rise to similar breaches of human rights law. While this does not establish a duty of care under tort law, it does provide an alternative route to compensation for victims.
Notes
See also
English tort law
Floodgates principle
References
Bibliography
English tort law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty%20of%20care%20in%20English%20law |
Cupa Moldovei () officially known as the Cupa Moldovei Moldtelecom () is a football competition, held annually in Moldova. The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa Conference League first qualifying round.
Finals
The finals were:
Goalscorers
Soviet time winners
1945: Dinamo Chişinău – Tiraspol XI 2:1
1946: Dinamo Chişinău – Spartak Chişinău 3:2
1947: Dinamo Chişinău – Dinamo Bender 3:0
1948: Bender XI – Burevestnik Bender 2:1
1949: Lokomotiv Chişinău – Spartak Bălți 2:1
1950: Burevestnik Bender – Krasnoe Znamya Chişinău 9:0
1951: Trud Chişinău – Krasnaya Zvezda Tiraspol 8:0, 3:2
1952: Dinamo Chişinău – Krasnoe Znamya Chişinău 6:1
1953: Dinamo Chişinău – Burevestnik Bender 2:1
1954: Lokomotiv Ungheni – Burevestnik Bender 5:2
1955: Burevestnik Bender – KPKhI Chişinău 2:0
1956: Burevestnik Bender – KPKhI Chişinău 1:0
1957: KPKhI Chişinău – Spartak Tiraspol 3:0
1958: Lokomotiv Chişinău – Urozhai Rîbniţa 5:1
1959: KPKhI Chişinău – Konservnyi Zavod Tiraspol 2:2, 4:1
1960: KPKhI Chişinău – Tiraspol XI 1:0
1961: Moldavkabel Bender – Raipromkombinat Lipcani 5:3
1962: Moldavkabel Bender – Vibropribor Chişinău 1:0
1963: Volna Chişinău – ? ?:?
1964: Temp Tiraspol – Lokomotiv Bălți 2:1
1965: Traktor Chişinău – Temp Tiraspol 4:2
1966: Vibropribor Chişinău – Temp Tiraspol 1:0
1967: Traktor Chişinău – Energia Tiraspol ?:?
1968: Temp Tiraspol – Stroitel Bălți 5:0
1969: Temp Tiraspol – Vibropribor Chişinău 5:1
1970: Pishchevik Bender – Trud Bălți 2:1
1971: Pishchevik Bender – Stroitel Bălți 4:2
1972: Pishchevik Bender – Avtomobilist Orhei 2:0
1973: Politekhnik Chişinău – Pishchevik Bender 4:2
1974: Dinamo Chişinău – Chaika Bender 4:0
1975: Dinamo Chişinău – Energetic Dubăsari 6:2
1976: Stroitel Tiraspol – Urozhai Édineţ 1:0
1977: Grănicerul Glodeni – Stroitel Tiraspol 2:0
1978: KPKhI Chişinău – Avtomobilist Bălți 2:0
1979: Kolos Pelinia – Kolos Slobozia 4:2
1980: Dnestr Ciobruciu – Chaika Bender 4:1
1981-1983:
1984: Luch Soroca – Tekstilshik Tiraspol 2:0
1985: Tekstilshik Tiraspol – Iscra Rîbniţa 1:1 aet. (pen. 4-2)
1986: Stroitel Făleşti – Avtomobilist Tiraspol 1:0
1987: Stroitel Făleşti – Plastic Tiraspol 4:1
1988: FC Tighina – Cristalul Făleşti 7:0
1989: FC Tighina-2 – Cristalul Făleşti 4:3 aet.
1990: Moldavgidromash Chişinău – Cristalul Făleşti 1:0
1991: Moldova Borosenii Noi – Constructorul Chişinău 2:0
Performance by club
Clubs in italics do not exist anymore.
References
External links
Cup
Moldova
1992 establishments in Moldova
Recurring sporting events established in 1992
Annual sporting events in Moldova | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupa%20Moldovei |
David Malcolm Storey (13 July 1933 – 27 March 2017) was an English playwright, screenwriter, award-winning novelist and a professional rugby league player. He won the Booker Prize in 1976 for his novel Saville. He also won the MacMillan Fiction Award for This Sporting Life in 1960.
Early life and career
Storey was born on 13 July 1933 in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, the son of a coal miner, Frank Richmond Story, and Lily (née Cartwright) Story. He was educated at QEGS Wakefield. He continued his education at London's Slade School of Fine Art, and supported himself there by playing rugby league for Leeds RLFC as a for the "A" team, with occasional appearances in the first.
His plays include The Restoration of Arnold Middleton, The Changing Room, Cromwell, Home, and Stages. His novels include Flight into Camden, which won the 1961 John Llewellyn Rhys Prize and the 1963 Somerset Maugham Award; and Saville, which won the 1976 Booker Prize.
He wrote the screenplay for This Sporting Life (1963), directed by Lindsay Anderson, adapted from his first novel of the same name, originally published in 1960, which won the 1960 Macmillan Fiction Award. The film was the beginning of a long professional association with Anderson, whose film version of Storey's play In Celebration was released as part of the American Film Theatre series in 1975. Home and Early Days (both starred Sir Ralph Richardson; Home also starred Sir John Gielgud) were made into television films.
Storey's novel Pasmore was shortlisted for the Booker Prize.
National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C464/67) with David Storey in 2008-2009 for its National Life Stories General collection held by the British Library.
Personal life and death
In 1956, Storey married Barbara Rudd Hamilton, with whom he had four children. Barbara Storey died in 2015.
Storey died on 27 March 2017 in London at the age of 83 and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery. The cause was Parkinson's disease and dementia. Survivors include his two sons, Jake and Sean; two daughters, Helen and Kate; a brother, Anthony; and six grandchildren.
Works
This Sporting Life (1960) (made into the 1963 film This Sporting Life)
Flight into Camden (1961) - winner of the 1963 Somerset Maugham Award
Radcliffe (1963)
The Restoration of Arnold Middleton (1967)
In Celebration (1969)
The Contractor (1970)
Home (1970)
The Changing Room (1973)
Pasmore (1972) – winner of the 1973 Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize
The Farm (1973)
Cromwell (1973) ()
A Temporary Life (1973) ()
Edward (1973) ()
Life Class (1974)
Saville (1976) – winner of the 1976 Booker Prize
Mother's Day (1977)
Early Days (1980)
Sisters (1980)
A Prodigal Child (1982)
Present Times (1984)
The March on Russia (1989)
Storey's Lives: 1951–1991 (1992) ()
A Serious Man (1998)
As It Happened (2002)
Thin-Ice Skater (2004)
A Stinging Delight (Autobiography) (Faber & Faber, 2021)
References
Sources
Harrison, Juliet Francis Artistic Fictions: The Representation of the Artist Figure in Works by David Storey, John Fowles and Tom Stoppard (Ph.D., Exeter).
Hutchings, William, ed. David Storey: A Casebook. NY: Garland, 1992.
Hutchings, William. The Plays of David Storey: A Thematic Study. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1988.
Liebman, Herbert The Dramatic Art of David Storey: The Journey of a Playwright, Greenwood Press.
Schafer, Stephen C. "An Overview of the Working Classes in British Feature Film from the 1960s to the 1980s: From Class Consciousness to Marginalization", International Labor and Working-Class History 59: 3–14.
Encyclopedia of British Film
Contemporary Authors
External links
Information on Storey's plays
Biography
1933 births
2017 deaths
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
English male dramatists and playwrights
English male novelists
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
People educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield
People from Wakefield
Booker Prize winners
John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winners
20th-century English novelists
20th-century English dramatists and playwrights
20th-century English male writers
English rugby league players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Storey |
Zoobombs is a Japanese indie rock band, formed in Tokyo in 1994 by vocalist and guitarist Don Matsuo.
History
The band formed in Tokyo in 1994, self-releasing four cassette albums. In 1999, the group signed to Virgin/EMI Japan where they released three albums. That year the band performed in Toronto as part of the Neon Palm Festival.
In 2013, the bassist in the group Moostop announced his desire to leave the group. Vocalist Don Matsuo stated that "I wasn’t really surprised, and knew that maybe this would happen one day, but I still wasn’t happy about his decision." The group did a tour and recorded a tour-only EP together. During this tour, the groups' drummer Pitt also announced his departure. Don Matuso and his wife Matta began focus on a new group called The Randolf after this tour.
18 months after the group announced their departure, Matsuo reformed the group with Bukka Billy as their new drummer with a touring bass player.
Style and influences
The band's funk-rock style is influenced by acts such as the Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix and Miles Davis.
Members
Current members
Don Matsuo – vocals, guitar
Matta – vocals, keyboards
Bukka Billy – drums
Mutch – bass guitar (supporting member)
Former members
Moostop – bass guitar
Atsushi – drums
Piro – percussion
Pocky – drums
Kim – drums
Pitt – drums
Discography
Studio albums
Super Funcy of Zbons (1997)
Welcome Back Zoobombs! (1997)
Let It Bomb (1998)
Bomb Freak Express (1999)
Dirty Bomb (2000)
Love Is Funky (2002)
New San Francisco (2004)
Vamos a Bailar (2005)
BBB (2006)
The Sweet Passion (2012)
Ice Cream & Dirt (2016)
Compilation albums
Way In / Way Out (2006)
Nightfriend of Zoobombs (2009)
La Vie En Jupon (2011)
Live albums
Bomb You Live (2001)
Bear's Banquet: Live from Deep Night in Toronto (2007)
EPs
Zoobombcrazy (2006)
Midnightfriend of Zoobombs (2010)
Agitation (2011)
Cowboy Trumps (2012)
On the Jungle (2013)
Dirty Present (2015)
Singles
"Bomb the Bomb" (1998)
"Mo' Funky" (1998)
"Hot Love" (1999)
"Doo-Bee" (2000)
"Jumbo" (2001)
"Funky Movin'" (2002)
"Colombie" (2005)
"Pisces" (2005)
References
External links
Japanese indie rock groups
Japanese alternative rock groups
Musical groups from Tokyo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoobombs |
The 1996 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy, also known as the Kuber Champions Trophy for sponsorship reasons, was the 18th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It was held from 7–15 December 1996 in the newly built Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium in Madras, India.
Host selection
India won the right to host the competition after Spain, the other contender, withdrew their bid in April 1994. The Asian Hockey Federation was tasked to monitor the competition by the International Hockey Federation.
Results
All times are India Standard Time (UTC+05:30)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Final standings
References
External links
Official FIH website
C
H
Champions Trophy (field hockey)
1996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
David Leo is a writer in Singapore. Leo received a Publishers Prize for Ah … The Fragrance of Durians & Other Stories in 1993, a (Singapore) National Book Department Council Book Awards for works in English in 1994 for The Sins of the Father and Singapore Literature Prize commendation in 1995 for Wives, Lovers and Other Women.
He is also the author of Different Strokes, a novel published in 1993 on two AIDS victims and a reporter who interviews them. The novel explores societal views on AIDS and its victims.
Some of David's short stories have won prizes in writing competitions in Singapore. He also writes poetry; some of his poems have appeared in various publications including Singa, Focus, Breakthrough, Project Alpha Silver, and an anthology of 20th Century Poets published in the UK
Leo works as an Assistant General Manager at the Singapore Airport Terminal Services.
Works
Different Strokes
Different Strokes is a novel written by David Leo and published in 1993. Through a character of a reporter named Keith, the novel explores the life of two AIDS victims, and describes their suffering and the dilemmas they face in the course of their illness. The work is among the earliest work in Singapore related to the gay community.
Novels, short stories and non-fiction
Somewhere a Tiny Voice (1993)
Ah ... the Fragrance of Durians''' (1993)
The Sins of the Father and Other Stories (1993)
Different Strokes (1993)
Wives, Lovers & Other Women (1995)
Kiasu, Kiasi, You Think What (1995) (see Kiasu)
One Journey, Many Rivers (1997)
Shakespeare Can Wait (2001)
News at Nine (2003)
Life's So Like Dat (2005)
iDENTiTY (2008)
Ubin Dreaming (You've Been Dreaming) (2012)
Cherry Days'' (2015)
Anthologies
No Other City – The Ethos Anthology of Urban Poetry
Love Gathers All – The Philippines-Singapore Anthology of Love Poetry
Rhythms – A Singapore Anthology of Millenium Poetry
Man/Born/Free: Writings on the Human Spirit from Singapore (edited by Gwee Li Sui)
OnE, The Anthology – Short Stories from Singapore's best authors (edited by Robert Yeo)
Sound of Mind – A teacher-writers anthology of poems and prompts
Influence and Confluence: East and West / A Global Anthology on the Short Story (edited by Maurice A Lee), East
China Normal University Press (Story was also translated into Chinese)
20th Century Poets
See also
Singapore gay literature
Gay literature
References
External links
Bio of David Leo
Publisher's website
Singaporean writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Singaporean novelists
Singaporean male writers
Singaporean non-fiction writers
Singapore Literature Prize winners
Male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Leo |
Marpole, originally a Musqueam village named , is a mostly residential neighbourhood of 23,832 in 2011, located on the southern edge of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, immediately northeast of Vancouver International Airport, and is approximately bordered by Angus Drive to the west, 57th Avenue to the north, Ontario Street to the east and the Fraser River to the south. It has undergone many changes in the 20th century, with the influx of traffic and development associated with the construction of the Oak Street Bridge (which leads to Highway 99 leading to the southern suburbs) and the Arthur Laing Bridge (which leads to Vancouver International Airport).
History
Marpole is one of Vancouver's oldest communities. The Great Marpole Midden, an ancient Musqueam village and burial site, one of North America's largest village sites and "one of the largest pre-contact middens on the Pacific coast of Canada", has been a National Historic Site since 1933. According to the Musqueam, it dates back at least 4,000 years.
A long-house dated to the year 5 AD was located near modern Marine Drive, in South Vancouver, belonging to the Ancient Marpole First Nation.
Non-natives began to inhabit the area in the 1860s, calling it Eburne Station. The small town was separated from the city by miles of forest.
At the turn of the 20th century, the Vancouver Lulu Island Railway of the British Columbia Electric Railway interurban train was constructed, which triggered the development of sawmills, shingle mills, and gravel companies in the region. The area was renamed after Richard Marpole in 1916, and by the time it joined Vancouver in 1929, it had become one of the area's major industrial centres.
The Oak Street Bridge was completed in 1957 and was partly responsible for a downturn in business around the Marine and Hudson area, as traffic shifted to the east. The 1975 opening of the Arthur Laing Bridge helped shift the business area back to the west, along Granville Street.
Transportation
Because of the Oak and Arthur Laing Bridges, traffic jams are common in the area, especially during peak hours. However, it is well-served by public transit, which is run by TransLink and operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company.
In September 2009, the Canada Line replaced most of the suburban routes and the 98 B-Line. It runs under Cambie Street, and has a bus connecting surface station at Marine Drive, with a future station at 57th Avenue.
Marpole is also directly across the Fraser River from Vancouver International Airport. Located on Sea Island in Richmond, it is the second busiest airport in Canada.
Demographics
37 percent of Marpole residents’ mother tongue was one of the two forms of Chinese (Mandarin & Cantonese) and 42 percent of the area's populace identified as Chinese in 2006. 59 percent of the population of Marpole was born outside of Canada.
Economy
Most of Marpole's stores are centred along the southern end of Granville Street. There are small corner shops located on Oak Street and 67th, and on Cambie at 57th. A number of businesses, ranging from drive-through fast-food eateries to big box stores, manufacturers and distributors are also located along Marine Drive east of the Arthur Laing bridge, with more heavy-industry type businesses are located along the banks of the Fraser River. Just west of the Arthur Laing bridge is the old Fraser Arms Hotel, now a strip mall and liquor store. Just west of the Fraser Arms is the approximate location of the Great Marpole Midden. The West 70th Avenue area is currently undergoing some revitalization, with the redevelopment of the Safeway grocery store, partnered with residential condo towers.
Another large commercial district has been approved for Marpole, which will be in the eastern portion of the neighbourhood. The intersection of Marine Drive and Cambie Street was designated by the City of Vancouver as the "Marine Landing" precinct of the Cambie Corridor. Two developments in the Marine Landing precinct have been approved and are currently under construction. "Marine Gateway", which will sit atop Marine Drive station, will provide two residential towers, one office tower and a large amount of commercial and retail space, including movie theatres and a grocery store. The second development, MC2 on the northeast corner of the intersection will provide two residential towers and a small amount of retail at the ground level. The third site, on the northwest corner (previously the site of a Petro-Canada gas station), was finished in 2018 and hosts high rise condominiums anchored by ground-level retail services.
Education
There are six elementary schools in the Marpole area. These include:
David Lloyd George Elementary School
Sir Wilfrid Laurier Elementary School
Laurier Annex
McKechnie Elementary School
J. W. Sexsmith Elementary School
St. Anthony of Padua Independent Catholic School
There are no high schools that fall within Marpole's borders; however, Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School sits just across 57th Avenue in Oakridge and serves the majority of the neighbourhood. Magee Secondary School serves the western portion of the neighbourhood.
The Laurier Annex closed since 2017, and its students merged with Laurier Elementary.
Healthcare
George Pearson Centre is located in Marpole. It is a centre that specializes with adults with disabilities who require special assistance. This site is also undergoing a redevelopment program.
Joy Kogawa's Obasan
Joy Kogawa's bestselling novel, Obasan, which tells the story of Canada's internment and persecution of its citizens of Japanese descent during World War II, partially takes place in Marpole, in a tiny bungalow located at 1450 West 64th Avenue. Joy Kogawa (née Nakayama, born 1935) lived there as a child, and in 2006 the house was purchased by the Land Conservancy of British Columbia following a nationwide fundraising campaign. The 1912 house stands as a cultural and historical reminder of the war-time experience of Canadians of Japanese heritage, who were interned in remote camps and their property expropriated during World War II.
Today, the Historic Joy Kogawa House Society, a community-based group of arts supporters, operates a writer-in-residence program at the house with a long-term from new owners, the City of Vancouver. The writer-in-residence program has been under way since 2009 and, during that time, has enriched the literary community and fostered an appreciation for Canadian writing by bringing well-regarded professional writers in touch with a local community of writers, readers, and students. The writer-in-residence program celebrates the work of Joy Kogawa, which brought the war-time experience of Japanese-Canadians to general awareness among Canadians.
Winona Park
Winona Park is a park in the Marpole neighbourhood just south of the Langara golf course. It has three levels, each being the size of a football field. Unlike many similar parks that contain large grass fields, Winona Park is not attached to any community centre or school. It is in an area that consists mostly of low-density residential housing, and organized sports clubs require an explicit permit for use of the fields.
In addition to the three parallel fields mentioned above, the park also features a small children's playground which consists of a slide, several bars, a tire swing, and four swings. It is notable that the terracing of the three fields and the natural southern aspect of the land in the area allows a spectacular southern view, featuring the North Arm Fraser River and into the Richmond delta. It is said that on a clear day with minimal smog interference, one is able to see tens and tens of kilometres into the distance. Also, since most of the park is composed of grass expanses to accommodate the fields, a light breeze is present even on mostly windless days and grants us relief from the heat of the summer sun. The park is not without shade, however, as there are large trees planted in a linear fashion between each of the levels of the park.
See also
British Columbia Electric Railway
Vancouver
Notes
References
Citation
External links
City of Vancouver - Marpole
Vancouver Public Library - Marpole Branch
Marpole-Oakridge Community Centre
Discover Vancouver - Marpole
Marpole Museum and Historical Society
Marpole Online
Scottish Cultural Centre
Marpole Area Residents Alliance
Neighbourhoods in Vancouver | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marpole |
The New England Primer was the first reading primer designed for the American colonies. It became the most successful educational textbook published in 17th-century colonial United States and it became the foundation of most schooling before the 1790s.
In the 17th century, the schoolbooks in use had been Bibles brought over from England. By 1690, Boston publishers were reprinting the English Protestant Tutor under the title of The New England Primer. The Primer included additional material that made it widely popular with colonial schools until it was supplanted by Noah Webster's Blue Back Speller after 1790.
History
The New England Primer was first published between 1687 and 1690 by printer Benjamin Harris, who had come to Boston in 1686 to escape the brief Catholic ascendancy under James II. It was based largely upon The Protestant Tutor, which he had published in England, and was the first reading primer designed for the American Colonies.
The selections in the New England Primer varied somewhat over time, although there was standard content for beginning reading instruction. Included were the alphabet, vowels, consonants, double letters, and syllabaries of two letters to six letter syllables. The 90-page work contained religious maxims, woodcuts, alphabetical assistants, acronyms, catechism answers, and moral lessons. It was made with a thin sheet of horn or paper shellacked to a wooden board.
The primer remained in print well into the 19th century and was even used until the 20th century. A reported 2 million copies were sold in the 18th century. No copies of editions before 1727 are known to survive; earlier editions are known only from publishers' and booksellers' advertisements.
Theology
Many of its selections were drawn from the King James Bible and others were original. It embodied the dominant Puritan attitude and worldview of the day. Among the topics discussed are respect to parental figures, sin, and salvation. Some versions contained the Westminster Shorter Catechism; others contained John Cotton's shorter catechism, known as Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes; and some contained both.
David H. Watters argues that the Primer was built on rote memorization, the Puritans' distrust of uncontrolled speech, and their preoccupation with childhood depravity. By simplifying Calvinist theology the Primer enabled the Puritan child to define the "self" by relating his life to the authority of God and his parents. Emory Elliott argues that the Primer was part of the transformation that turned Puritans away from an angry and wrathful God the Father to the embrace of the gentle and loving Jesus Christ.
Contents of the Primer
Two of the most famous example verses are as follows
Now I lay me down to sleep,
I pray thee, Lord, my soul to keep;
If I should die before I wake,
I pray thee, Lord, my soul to take.
—1784 ed.
In Adam's Fall,
we sinned all.
The text for L is alluded to in Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: . . . "like the lion bold, which whilom so magnanimously the lamb did hold" ...
Editions and reprints
There have been many reprints of The New England Primer.
New England Primer: Improved for the More Easy Attaining the True Reading of English: To Which Is Added the Assembly of Divines, and Mr. Cotton's Catechism (1991, WallBuilders; note that this is the 1777 edition).
New England Primer: 1996, A Family & Homeschool Textbook. The 1843 Updated Edition with Lesson Plan. (© 1996, Richard E. Klenk Sr.; ) A book, orig. a prayer book, used in teaching children to read or spell; hence, an elementary textbook.
See also
Early American publishers and printers
Alphabet book
Basal reader
Hornbook
References
Fort, Paul Leicester. The New-England Primer (NY, 1899)
Monaghan, E. Jennifer (2006) Learning to Read and Write in Colonial America
Roberts, Kyle B. "Rethinking The New-England Primer," Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 104 (Dec. 2010) 489–523
Smith, N. B. (2002) American reading instruction / Nila Banton Smith ; [with prologue by Richard D. Robinson, epilogue by Norman A.Stahl, and history of reading since 1967 by P. David Pearson].
Watters, David H. "'I Spake as a Child': Authority, Metaphor and the New England Primer," Early American Literature, Dec 1985, Vol. 20 Issue 3, pp 193–213
Citations
External links
1777 ed. online
1843 ed. online
Images from the 1843 edition
Books about Christianity
New England Puritanism
Alphabet books
American children's books
Textbooks
18th-century American literature
Basal readers
Learning to read
Reading (process) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20New%20England%20Primer |
Dr Pandora Louise Elizabeth Braithwaite is a fictional character in the Adrian Mole series of books by Sue Townsend. In the books, Pandora is the love of Adrian's life. Pandora is beautiful (Adrian especially loves her 'treacle-coloured' hair) and intelligent, and in the first books, she and Adrian Mole are happy together. In the later books, Pandora resists Adrian's advances in favour of physically and intellectually powerful men, although Adrian remains attached to her.
Character
As a youth she is precocious and outspoken with firmly feminist and hard-left views. As she ages, she becomes successful but also manipulative and devious. Pandora's portrayal throughout the novel could be likened to that of a 'champagne socialist'. Pandora was a very important character in the series
Life
Pandora's parents were called Ivan and Tania. She came to Leicester at the age of 13 and sat with Adrian during geography classes, and soon became the most popular girl in their class. She started dating Nigel, but they soon broke up. A few weeks later, on Wednesday (June 10, 1981), Adrian and Pandora started dating. They had many short break-ups, until they finally ended their relationship in True Confessions.
She attended the University of Oxford, studying Mandarin, Russian and Croatian. She graduated and married her first husband, Julian Twyselton-Fife, who was openly gay. This was a "favour" carried out by Julian. They cemented their love at London's Astoria G-A-Y nightclub after he drove for hours to pick her up. Her aversion to germs meant that she was unable to take a train. She had several liaisons and drifted apart from Adrian. Eventually she cohabited with Jack Cavendish, an old Professor of Linguistics. After many years they split up, with Jack revealing many of her secrets.
Later, she entered politics in the New Labour era under Tony Blair and became a Labour MP for Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire. She referred to herself as Pan National and The Shiniest Star in Blair's Sky, nicknames that the media picked up and subsequently used. However, she vocally opposed the Iraq War and was seen to be one of the Labour Party's most left-wing MPs. As an MP she is criticised for her expensive French wardrobe and shows little concern for her constituents, declaring that 'democracy is wasted on them'.
Her autobiography, 'Out Of The Box', sells poorly. An organised signing at Mr Carlton-Hayes' book shop orders 750 copies, almost all of which remain unsold, and the police escort decides his presence is unnecessary. The book's index has 112 entries under 'lovers' but only two references to Adrian.
Nicknames
Box (in book 1)
Pan (in private)
The People's Pan (in media)
Pan National (in media)
The Shiniest Star in Blair's Sky (in media)
Portrayals
Lindsey Stagg in The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾ (1985—1987)
Helen Baxendale in Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years (2001)
See also
List of Adrian Mole characters
References
The Secret Diary Of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾, BBC.
Adrian Mole—Fictional Diarist, BBC, 2002.
External links
Official Website of Adrian Mole
Pandora Braithwaite at IMDb
Fictional legislators
Characters in British novels of the 20th century
Literary characters introduced in 1982
Adrian Mole characters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora%20Braithwaite |
Moore is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.
Moore has had three incarnations as an electorate. In its first incarnation, Moore was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 colonial election.
Its latest incarnation it has existed continuously since 1950. In that time, the seat has been variously held by the two conservative forces in Western Australian politics: the Liberal Party and the National Party. The seat has never been won by the Labor Party.
Geography
Moore is a coastal district, covering an expanse of rural territory to the north of Perth and surrounding but not including the regional city of Geraldton. The district includes the towns of Kalbarri, Northampton, Nabawa, Mullewa, Dongara, Irwin, Mingenew, Morawa, Three Springs, Perenjori, Carnamah, Eneabba, Leeman, Coorow, Jurien Bay, Cervantes, Badgingarra, Dandaragan, Moora, Dalwallinu, Lancelin, Ledge Point, Guilderton, Gingin, Bindoon, Calingiri and Toodyay.
History
Electoral reform ahead of the 2008 state election necessitated an increase in the enrolment of non-metropolitan districts. This meant that the district of Greenough was abolished, with Moore taking in most of its former territory and voters. This pitted the National member for Greenough, Grant Woodhams, against the Liberal member for Moore, Gary Snook, with Woodhams emerging the victor.
Moore's most famous member was Henry Lefroy, Premier of Western Australia from 1917 to 1919.
Members for Moore
Election results
References
External links
ABC election profiles: 2005 2008
WAEC district maps: current boundaries, previous distributions
Moore
1890 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Moore |
This is a discography of American musician Ray Charles.
Overview
Ray Charles first appeared on a Billboard chart in 1949, when — as part of the Maxin Trio with G.D. McKee and Milton Garred — he charted his first single with "Confession Blues." It reached No. 2 on the R&B chart, then called the Most-Played Juke Box Race Records. In 1952, Charles signed with Atlantic Records and went on to top Billboards pop, country, R&B, jazz, and dance charts.
In the early 1960s, after leaving Atlantic Records to sign with ABC–Paramount, he negotiated for ownership of his own master recordings. He also established his own labels. Tangerine came first, which later evolved into CrossOver Records. As a songwriter, Charles penned nearly 200 songs. He also operated his own publishing companies, Tangerine Music and Racer Music.
On the Billboard Hot 100, Charles had 80 hits between 1958 (the year the chart began) and 1990, when "I'll Be Good to You" became his last Hot 100 single, reaching No. 18. His biggest hit, "I Can't Stop Loving You", spent five weeks at No. 1 in 1962. He also topped the Hot 100 with the singles "Hit the Road Jack" and "Georgia on My Mind". Among all acts, he charted the third-most singles on the Hot 100; only Elvis Presley (with 108) and James Brown (91) had more.
On Billboards R&B chart, Charles had 86 hits, including 11 chart-toppers such as "I've Got a Woman", "What'd I Say (Part 1)", "Hit the Road Jack", and "You Are My Sunshine."
Charles also reached No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart in 1985 with "Seven Spanish Angels", a duet with Willie Nelson. The single appears on Charles' duets album, Friendship, which reached No. 1 on Top Country Albums. His 1962 album, Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, became his first album to top the Billboard 200.
In 1990, Charles had a No. 1 on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart with "I'll Be Good to You", a collaboration with Quincy Jones and Chaka Khan.
Albums
The Atlantic years
The ABC years
1973–2004
Posthumous albums
Compilations
Hundreds of Ray Charles compilations and "Greatest Hits/Best Of" albums have been released and continue to be produced and released by various labels around the world. Some of the more notable compilations include:
1958: Ray Charles (Coronet)
1959: The Original Ray Charles (Hollywood)
1959: The Fabulous Ray Charles (Hollywood)
1961: Do the Twist! with Ray Charles (Atlantic) [reissued as The Greatest Ray Charles]
1962: The Ray Charles Story, Volume One (Atlantic)
1962: The Ray Charles Story, Volume Two (Atlantic)
1963: The Ray Charles Story, Volume Three (Atlantic)
1964: The Ray Charles Story, Volume Four (Atlantic)
1967: A Man And His Soul (ABC)
1970: The Best of Ray Charles (Atlantic) (BPI: Silver)
1971: A 25th Anniversary in Show Business Salute to Ray Charles (ABC)
1973: Ray Charles Live (Atlantic)
1978: The Tender Side of Ray Charles (Suffolk Marketing, Inc.)
1980: Heart to Heart (Endeavour) (AUS #46)
1987: Ray Charles – His Greatest Hits, Volume 1/Volume 2 (DCC Compact Classics)
1988: Ray Charles Anthology (Rhino) [1960–1972 ABC material]
1989: Seven Spanish Angels and Other Hits (Columbia)
1990: The Collection (Castle Communications) (AUS #34)
1991: The Classic Years (Castle Communications) (AUS #19)
1991: The Birth of Soul: The Complete Atlantic R&B Recordings 1952–1959 (Atlantic)
1993: Ray Charles – Blues + Jazz (Rhino)
1994: The Best of Ray Charles: The Atlantic Years (Rhino)
1995: Jazz & Blues Collection, Vol. 3 (Charly/Editions Atlas)
1997: Genius & Soul: The 50th Anniversary Collection (Rhino)
1997: The Complete Swing Time & Down Beat Recordings 1949–1952 (Night Train International)
1998: The Complete Country & Western Recordings, 1959–1986 (Rhino)
1999: Ultimate Hits Collection (Rhino/WEA)
2000: The Very Best of Ray Charles, Volume 1/Volume 2 (Rhino/WEA)
2001: The Definitive Ray Charles (Rhino/WEA) (BPI: Gold)
2002: Ray Charles Sings for America (Rhino)
2003: Ray Charles in Concert (Rhino Handmade)
2004: RAY (Rhino/WEA) (AUS #7) (BPI: Gold)
2004: The Best of Ray Charles Live (Essentials)
2005: Pure Genius: The Complete Atlantic Recordings (1952–1959) (Atlantic)
2009: Genius! The Ultimate Ray Charles Collection (Concord)
2011: Singular Genius: The Complete ABC Singles (Concord)
2011: The Complete Early Recordings 1949–1952 (JSP Records)
2017: An Introduction to Ray Charles (Atlantic)
2020: One Two Three Songs
2021: True Genius (Tangerine) 6-CD 'limited edition' boxed set
Singles
Down Beat, Swing Beat, Swing Time releases
1949: The McSon Trio ( Maxin Trio and Maxim Trio):
"I Love You, I Love You (I Will Never Let You Go)" / "Confession Blues"
"Confession Blues" reached No. 2 on the U.S. R&B charts.
"Blues Before Sunrise" / "How Long Blues"
"A Sentimental Blues" / "You'll Never Miss the Water (Until the Well's Gone Dry)"
"Alone in the City" / "Can Anyone Ask for More?"
"Rockin' Chair Blues" / "Let's Have a Ball" (a.k.a. "Here I Am")
"If I Give You My Love" / "This Love of Mine" (a.k.a. "The Honey Bee")
"Ain't That Fine" / "Don't Put All Your Dreams in One Basket"
1949–1953: Ray Charles, The Ray Charles Trio:
"I've Had My Fun (Going Down Slow)" / "Sitting on Top of the World (Now She's Gone)" (1949)
"See See Rider" / "What Have I Done?" (1950)
"She's on the Ball" / "Honey, Honey" (1950)
"Th' Ego Song" ("Sweet as Can Be") / "Late in the Evening" (1950)
"Some Day" (a.k.a. "Worried Life Blues"/"Someday Baby") / "I'll Do Anything but Work" (1950)
"I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now" / "All to Myself" (1951)
"Lonely Boy" / "Baby Let Me Hold Your Hand" (1951)
"Baby Let Me Hold Your Hand" reached No. 5 on the U.S. R&B charts.
"I'm Glad for Your Sake" / "Kissa Me Baby" (1952)
"Kissa Me Baby" reached No. 8 on the U.S. R&B charts.
"Baby Won't You Please Come Home" / "Hey Now" (1952)
"Baby Let Me Hear You Call My Name" / "Guitar Blues" (B-side by Rufus Beacham Orchestra) (1952)
"I Can't Do No More" / "Roly Poly" (a.k.a. "Back Home") (B-side by Rufus Beacham Orchestra) (1952)
"Walkin' and Talkin' to Myself" / "I'm Wonderin' and Wonderin'" (1952)
"Misery in My Heart" / "The Snow Is Falling (Snowfall)" (1953)
Atlantic releases
The list of singles below are songs Ray Charles released while on the Atlantic label between 1952 and 1980.
ABC releases
This list below is of songs Ray Charles released on the ABC-Paramount, ABC, and subsidiary Impulse and Tangerine/TRC labels from 1960 to 1973.
AThrough a period between November 1963 and January 1965, Billboard Magazine did not publish an R&B singles chart. Positions shown are from the Cashbox RnB Charts during this period.
CrossOver releases
This list below is of songs Ray Charles released while on the CrossOver label from 1973 to 1976.
Columbia releases (all country music)
Listed below are songs Ray Charles released during his Columbia Records tenure which was spent on the country singles chart.
Other releases
Listed below are songs Ray Charles issued on various labels where the pop and R&B charts are concerned.
Billboard Year-end performances
Video performances
O Genio – Live in Brazil 1963 (Rhino) 1963 São Paulo performance
The Dick Cavett Show – Ray Charles Collection (Shout! Factory Theatre) 1972 and 1973 TV appearances
Soul of the Holy Land (Xenon) 1973 Israel tour
Ray Charles Live – In Concert with the Edmonton Symphony (Eagle Rock) 1981 performance
Ray Charles – 50 Years in Music (Image Entertainment) 1991 Pasadena, CA performance
Live at Montreux, 1997 (Eagle Rock, Sunset Home Visual Entertainment)
Ray Charles, Live at the Olympia, 2000 (XIII Bis) 2000 Paris performance
Ray Charles in Concert (with special guest Diane Schuur) (Image Entertainment) 1999 Miami, FL 'Lighthouse for the Blind' benefit
Ray Charles Celebrates a Gospel Christmas with Voices of Jubilation (Urban Works, Medialink Entertainment, LLC) 2002 Green Bay, WI performance
The Legend Lives On (Immortal) video compilation of various performances
References
External links
Album Discography at RayCharles.com
[ Ray Charles Discography] at AllMusic.
Robert Christgau reviews of several Charles albums
Ray Charles lyrics at Yahoo! Music
Atlantic Records discography at jazzdisco.org
ABC-Paramount Records discography at bsnpubs.com
Discography
Discographies of American artists
Pop music discographies
Rock music discographies
Rhythm and blues discographies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Charles%20discography |
The 1997 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 19th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It was held from in the Pines Hockey Stadium in Adelaide, Australia.
Results
All times are Australia Central Standard Time (UTC+09:30)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Final standings
References
External links
Official FIH website
C
1997
Champions Trophy (field hockey)
Champions Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Fort MacArthur is a former United States Army installation in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California (now the port community of Los Angeles). A small section remains in military use by the United States Air Force as a housing and administrative annex of Los Angeles Air Force Base. The fort is named after Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur. His son, Douglas MacArthur, would later command American forces in the Pacific during World War II.
History
In 1888, President Grover Cleveland designated an area overlooking San Pedro Bay as an unnamed military reservation intended to improve the defenses of the expanding Los Angeles harbor area. Additional land was purchased in 1897 and 1910, and Fort MacArthur was formally created on October 31, 1914. The fort was a training center during World War I, and the first large gun batteries for harbor defense were installed in 1917. The effectiveness of these fixed gun emplacements was debated for many years, and test firings were extremely unpopular with nearby residents, the concussion shattering windows in buildings and houses for miles around.
In World War II, Fort MacArthur had a Harbor Entrance Command Post and a Harbor Defense Command Post for US seacoast defense of shipbuilding factories (e.g., CalShip, Todd Pacific), "giant aircraft factories" (Douglas, Hughes, Martin, Northrop), the Huntington Beach Oil Field, and the San Pedro Bay harbor (Port of Los Angeles & Port of Long Beach) which made the Los Angeles metropolitan area a target for attack.
By the end of World War II the large guns were already being removed, with the last decommissioned in 1948. Battery Osgood-Farley is probably the best preserved example of a United States coastal defense gun emplacement, and it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. A second site, Battery John Barlow and Saxton, was added to the Register in 1982.
Air defense
During the early years of the Cold War, Fort MacArthur became a key part of the West Coast's anti-aircraft defenses, becoming the home base of the 47th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade. A Nike surface-to-air missile battery was activated at the fort in 1954, remaining in service until the early 1970s.
The Fort MacArthur Direction Center (DC) was the U.S. Army Air Defense Command Post (AADCP) for the Project Nike batteries of the Los Angeles Defense Area. It was located at Fort MacArthur from 1960.
Purpose
The Direction Center provided radar coverage for integrating the area's Integrated Fire Control (IFC) sites (16 sites for MIM-14 Nike-Hercules missiles until 1968). The DC had High Frequency Crosstell communication with the 1959–1966 Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Master Direction Center at Norton Air Force Base (DC-17) for coordinating Army intercepts of targets penetrating through the larger USAF Los Angeles Air Defense Sector defended by fighter aircraft.
History
During the Korean War, the fort's L-43 Lashup Radar Network site provided radar surveillance for the area from 1950 to 1952. The 669th Radar Squadron was assigned to the fort on January 1, 1951. On February 16, 1960, Lt Col James L McCallister was the Missile Director for the defense area.
The Fort MacArthur Direction Center (DC) began in 1960 with an AN/FSG-1 computer that was the last of 10 installed and which replaced an Interim Battery Data Link (IBDL). The Army dedicated the DC's Missile Master bunker with an Antiaircraft Operations Center ("Blue Room") on December 14, 1960, prior to the USAF/FAA ARSR-1C radar opening in 1961 at San Pedro Hill Air Force Station.
Fort MacArthur's 47th Artillery Brigade operated the DC, and the vacuum tube AN/FSG-1 was replaced on January 31, 1967, with a solid-state Hughes AN/TSQ-51 Air Defense Command and Coordination System.
On November 15, 1968, the 19th Artillery Group (Air Defense) replaced the 47th Artillery Brigade in command of the DC and its batteries. The 19th Group deactivated July 1, 1974, after Project Concise ended Nike operations. The tennis courts next to the bunker remain at the former site of the AADCP's building 554, and the Missile Master nuclear bunker (building 550) was razed .
Rundown of the fort
In 1975 Fort MacArthur became a sub-post of Fort Ord, and the Army transferred ownership of the fort's Upper and Lower Reservations to the City of Los Angeles two years later. The Lower Reservation was cleared off and dredged and is now the city's Cabrillo Marina.
Fort MacArthur's remaining Middle Reservation was transferred to the United States Air Force in 1982 for use by Los Angeles Air Force Base for administration and housing.
Angels Gate Park
The Upper Reservation is now a city park: San Pedro's Angels Gate Park, home of the Korean Bell of Friendship.
Hostelling International USA (part of Hostelling International) maintained a 57-bed youth hostel in the refurbished military barracks of the reservation.
Museum
The Fort MacArthur Military Museum, located at the site of Battery Osgood-Farley, displays exhibits on the history of Fort MacArthur, its role in defending the Los Angeles area, Indo-Pacific Theater military campaigns, and the role of Los Angeles as a military port.
Appearances in popular culture
The Battle of Los Angeles and Fort MacArthur Museum are featured in California's Gold episode 6005 with Huell Howser.
It can be been seen in such television series as The A-Team and 24, and in films including Dragnet, Midway and Tora! Tora! Tora!.
In 1989, Madonna filmed some portions of her "Like a Prayer" video there.
See also
63rd Coast Artillery (United States)
14-inch M1920 railway gun
List of Registered Historic Places in Los Angeles
Casa de San Pedro, a California Historic Landmark on the Fort
List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the Harbor area
References
External links
Ftmac.org: 47th Artillery Brigade
Radomes.org: AADCP building 554 + AADCP building 550
Official Fort MacArthur Military Museum website
California State Military Museum website: Fort MacArthur history
Los Angeles Air Force Base Military Directory
MacArthur
Parks in Los Angeles
Museums in Los Angeles
Military and war museums in California
Palos Verdes Peninsula
San Pedro, Los Angeles
Closed installations of the United States Army
Formerly Used Defense Sites in California
Historic American Buildings Survey in California
Historic American Engineering Record in California
Military facilities in Greater Los Angeles
Military installations closed in 1982
Historic districts in Los Angeles
Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments
McArthur
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles
National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles
1916 establishments in California
Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in California
Military installations established in 1916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20MacArthur |
The Basilica Ulpia was an ancient Roman civic building located in the Forum of Trajan. The Basilica Ulpia separates the temple from the main courtyard in the Forum of Trajan with the Trajan's Column to the northwest. It was named after Roman emperor Trajan whose full name was Marcus Ulpius Traianus.
It became perhaps the most important basilica after two ancient ones, the Basilicas Aemilia and Julia. With its construction, much of the political life moved from the Roman Forum to the Forum of Trajan. It remained so until the construction of the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine.
Unlike later Christian basilicas, it had no known religious function; it was dedicated to the administration of justice, commerce and the presence of the emperor. It was the largest in Rome measuring 117 by 55 meters (385 x 182 ft).
Design and construction
The Basilica Ulpia was composed of a great central nave with four side aisles, two on each side of the nave. The short sides of the structure formed apses, while the main entrance was via three doorways on the long east front overlooking the Forum of Trajan, which was one meter below the level of the Basilica. The columns and the walls were of precious marbles; the 50 meter (164 ft) high roof was covered by gilded bronze tiles.
The east façade featured a portico with three projecting porches. The center porch framed the main entrance and was the grandest, with 10 columns of yellow marble supporting it. Atop the center porch over an elaborate attic and entablature was a gilt bronze quadriga (four-horse chariot) escorted by Victories, with the two flanking porches topped by bigae (two-horse chariots). Between the chariots were colossal statues of Trajan. The many rows of columns separating the side aisles are a traditional means of structure for basilicas. This method of structure can be traced back to Egyptian hypostyle Halls. The Basilica Ulpia is very similar to one of the most famous hypostyle halls, Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak.
The apse at the northeast end of the Basilica is labelled Libertatis on a fragment of the Marble Plan of Rome, which suggests that it assumed the functions of the Atrium Libertatis, previously located in the Forum Romanum, the place where slaves were legally manumitted. As such there was likely a shrine to Libertas placed in the apse.
Many of the columns still exist on site, although a large number have fallen. The whole of the construction was decorated with war spoils and trophies from the Dacian Wars conducted under the command of Trajan. The frieze above the entrance was inscribed with the names of the victorious legions involved in the Dacian campaign.
Later, it was used as the architectural prototype by Constantine as the basis for the layout of the new Christian churches. The Basilica Ulpia was used as to model for Constantine completion of the Basilica of Maxentius.
Excavations
The Basilica Ulpia was first excavated by the occupying French government of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1813, after two convents on the site were demolished (Santo Spirito and di Santa Eufemia). In 1814 Pope Pius VII returned from exile and resumed the excavations: it was under Pius that the grey granite columns were reassembled on their bases and walls built to delineate the excavation area. The excavations also uncovered the remains of the pavement made from rare marbles, which gradually disappeared over the course of the 19th century due to rapacious tourists.
Clement VII removed several of the yellow giallo antico marble columns which once flanked the doorways of the structure to Saint Peter's Basilica, where they were erected in the transept, while one went to the Lateran Palace.
Part of the foundation of the basilica continues today under the modern Via dei Fori Imperiali, a trunk road constructed during the rule of Benito Mussolini.
The reconstruction of the basilica, planned by former Rome Mayor Ignazio Marino in 2014, began in 2021. The work will be carried out by the method of anastilosis, in which the ruins are restored using the original architectural elements. The funds for the reconstruction in the amount of 1.5 million euros were donated by the Uzbek-Russian oligarch Alisher Usmanov.
See also
List of Greco-Roman roofs
References
Further reading
External links
Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century
Ulpia
Trajan's Forum
Rome R. I Monti | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica%20Ulpia |
Werbung, baby! is a 1998 album by the Finnish group Eläkeläiset. It consists of humppa cover versions or remixes of popular songs.
Track listing
Original artist and song in parentheses.
Hump (Van Halen - Jump) - 2.27
Humppakonehumppa (Meredith Brooks - Bitch) - 3.15
Humppamedia (Kent - Om du var här) - 3.09
Punakka humppa (Aerosmith - Pink) - 2.34
Peljätty humppa (Carl Douglas - Kung-Fu Fighting) - 2.23
Humpan alla (Red Hot Chili Peppers - Under The Bridge) - 2.58
Humppaa, saatanat! (Spencer Davis Group - Gimme Some Lovin') - 2.17
Kuusessa hevon (Eric Clapton - Tears In Heaven) - 2.37
Lierohumppa (Elvis Presley - Suspicious Minds) - 2.29
Paratiisihumppa (Stevie Wonder - Pastime Paradise) - 3.07
Humppatarzan (Foo Fighters - Monkeywrench) - 2.04
Poltettu humppa (Midnight Oil - Beds Are Burning) - 3.23
Humppauhraus (Kiss - I Love It Loud) - 3.03
Humppakummitus (Chumbawamba - Homophobia) - 2.35
Humppabarbi (Aqua - Barbie Girl) - 2.10
Tervetuloa mehtään (Guns N' Roses - Welcome to the Jungle) - 2.08
Hotelli Helpotus (The Eagles - Hotel California) - 4.04
Humppaan itsekseni (Billy Idol - Dancing With Myself) - 4.03
References
The official home page of Eläkeläiset
Russian Eläkeläiset fanclub
Texts from this album
1999 compilation albums
Eläkeläiset albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werbung%2C%20Baby%21 |
Roe is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia. It takes in rural areas in the south of the state. Roe was re-created for the 2017 state election, having previously been in existence from 1950 to 1983 and from 1989 to 2008. It had a notional 16.7-point majority for the National Party against the Liberal Party, based on the results of the 2013 state election.
Geography
In its current incarnation, Roe includes portions of four regions of Western Australia – the South West, the Wheatbelt, the Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance. There are eighteen local government areas that fall into the district: Broomehill-Tambellup, Cranbrook, Cuballing, Dumbleyung, Esperance, Gnowangerup, Katanning, Kent, Kojonup, Kulin, Lake Grace, Narrogin, Ravensthorpe, Wagin, West Arthur, Wickepin, Williams and Woodanilling.
History
Roe was first created in 1950 and abolished in 1983. It was recreated in 1989. In both of its previous incarnations, it was a staunchly conservative seat that traded hands between the Liberal Party and what became the National Party. Indeed, in its second incarnation, Labor was frequently pushed into third place.
Roe was abolished ahead of the 2008 state election as a result of the reduction in rural seats made necessary by the one vote one value reforms. At its abolition in 2008, Roe was a southern coastal electorate that included the towns of Esperance, Gnowangerup, Kulin, Lake Grace, Bremer Bay and Ravensthorpe. Its former territory was split between the new district of Eyre and the enlarged district of Wagin. Following Roe's abolition, sitting Liberal MP Graham Jacobs contested and won the seat of Eyre.
Roe was re-created in a redistribution prior to the 2017 state election, taking in areas of two abolished seats, Eyre and Wagin. The former member for Eyre, Jacobs, attempted to transfer here, but was roundly defeated by the Nationals' Peter Rundle.
Members for Roe
Election results
References
External links
WAEC district maps: current boundaries, previous distributions
Roe
1950 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Roe |
The Porsche 909 "Bergspyder" was a spyder sports car designed and built by Porsche in 1968. Its purpose was to compete in hillclimbing competitions, specifically the EHCC Sports Car (Gr. P) class of the European Hillclimb Championship. It was a short-lived model, but its basic structure, technical innovations, and overall design became the basis for the successful 908/3.
History
Porsche had reigned champion with earlier models, the 910, 907, and 908, winning nine European Hillclimb Championship titles out of eleven years of participation. After being defeated two years in a row, Ferrari set out to develop a dedicated hillclimb car to challenge Porsche in 1967. This car was the 212 E Montagna, and was announced to compete for the 1968 European Hillclimb Championship. Despite this initial claim, Ferrari postponed its development, with the car being unveiled in 1969. Still, given the shocking news at the time of the 212's announcement, Ferdinand Piëch and his team of engineers at Porsche urgently developed a car to battle Ferrari.
Luckily for Porsche, the car was finished in time for the 1968 EHCC season, with Porsche driver Rolf Stommelen driving the 909 Bergspyder in two races in the European Hillclimb Championship. Proving the car's rapid pace and technological advancement, he placed 2nd and 3rd despite recently recovering from an arm injury. Porsche driver Gerhard Mitter preferred the Porsche 910/8, an older model was still competitive, because the Porsche 909 Bergspyder was said to be a handful to drive and had reliability issues. Regardless of the 909's mediocre success and the 910/8's age, the pair of cars dominated the 1968 European Hillclimb Championship. Porsche came out on top, with Mitter and his Porsche 910/8 placing first in the EHCC Sports Car (Gr. P) class.
Although Porsche was achieving lots of success in hillclimb racing, the development of the 917—used in the pursuit of winning Le Mans, the World Sportscar Championship, and eventually Can-Am—took precedent over participating in the European Hillclimb Championship. This allowed the Ferrari 212 E, a heavier but more powerful car than the 909, to completely outmatch its peers in the 1969 European Hill Climb Championship. Impressively, the car didn't just win overall, but it won every race it entered and set multiple course records.
In all, the 909 Bergspyder performed well despite its drawbacks. Above all else, it was a radical and invaluable piece of engineering that played a crucial role in furthering Porsche's future racing projects, particularly with developing the 908/3.
Construction and performance
The Porsche 909 Bergspyder was equipped with the 2.0 L, Type 771 flat-eight engine, derived from Porsche's earlier efforts in Formula 1.
The power unit was coupled to an extremely lightweight spaceframe chassis made of aluminum. The car also featured non-magnetic, exotic, and dangerous metals like beryllium, titanium, silver, and magnesium in the pursuit of shaving weight. Steel was not used in the 909. To give an idea of what lengths the engineers went to with the 909, the fiberglass body weighed just , and instead of a fuel pump, the car utilized a pressurized titanium ball that delivered fuel to the engine in order to save weight.
This is only a summary of the long list of innovations that Piëch and his team of engineers made for the 909. The car weighed an astonishing and was capable of an incredible 0-60 mph time of 2.4 seconds.
Porsche experimented with a body featuring front canards and two symmetric air ducts, in addition to the smooth front-end seen on the car in the Porsche museum today.
References
External links
International Model Car Association: Porsche 908
Porsche: Porsche 909 Bergspyder
Porsche 909 Bergspyder
Sports prototypes
908 Bergspyder
sv:Porsche 907#Porsche 909 Bergspyder | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche%20909%20Bergspyder |
(born January 25, 1982) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, rapper, actor, news anchor, host and former radio host. He is a member of the boy band Arashi.
Sakurai began his career in the entertainment industry when he joined the Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1995 at the age of 13. About seven years after his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, he became a newscaster in 2006, appearing in the news program News Zero every Monday. In 2008, he was appointed the official newscaster for the news coverage of the Olympic Games in Beijing on NTV. For his work as an actor, singer and newscaster, Sakurai became one of the recipients of GQ Japan's Men of the Year award in 2009. His father is Shun Sakurai, former vice-minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
Early life
Sakurai was born in Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture, and grew up in Minato, Tokyo, the oldest of three children. His father, , is a former government official who served as Vice Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications, and Vice President of Dentsu Group. Sakurai has a younger sister, (b. 1986), who is a journalist for Nippon TV, and a younger brother, (b. 1994).
Sakurai attended Keio Yochisha Elementary School, an affiliated elementary school of Keio University. From age three to ten, he did many extracurricular activities, including kendo, swimming, football, oil painting, calligraphy, and scouting. He began music lessons in early childhood, starting with the electric organ at age three and switching to piano in fourth grade. From fourth grade to sixth grade, he played trombone for his school's brass band. He also played trumpet and attended cram school. He joined a local football club after developing a strong interest in football during the J.League boom in 1993. He wanted to play for a professional team and at one point considered studying abroad in Brazil to become a professional footballer. He played football until his second year of junior high school.
In 1995, when Sakurai was thirteen years old, he sent an application to the talent agency, Johnny & Associates, and started activities as a Johnny's Jr. Despite already having an established career with Arashi by the time he graduated from high school, Sakurai went on to attend Keio University, graduating with a Bachelor of Economics in March 2004.
Music career
Sakurai is the designated rapper of Arashi and, although he had written rap lyrics (known to fans as Sakurap) for some of the group's earlier releases under the pen name "Show", his first major contribution was for the A-side song "Kotoba Yori Taisetsu na Mono". While not the first artist from Johnny's to take on rapping, his breakthrough made it easier for his juniors to rap as well, despite being idols. According to Taichi Kokubun of Tokio, ex-KAT-TUN member began to rap because of him.
He became the first member in Arashi to hold a solo concert called The Show in 2006. Sakurai was also a part of a special group with his Kisarazu Cat's Eye World Series co-stars that same year. Specially formed to promote the movie, they released the movie's theme song as a single on October 25, 2006.
Sakurai co-wrote the lyrics of six songs on the August 2010 Arashi album Boku no Miteiru Fūkei. These songs are "Movin' On," "Mada Ue o", "Taboo" (Sho Sakurai solo), "Let Me Down," "Sora Takaku", and "Summer Splash!".
Acting career
Drama
Unlike the other members, who made their major acting debut on stage, Sakurai made his debut on television in Arashi's volleyball-centered short drama in 1999. With bandmate Kazunari Ninomiya, he co-starred in the manga-based comedy drama Yamada Tarō Monogatari in 2007. Sakurai had a small guest appearance on the final episode of the drama My Girl in 2009, which was bandmate Masaki Aiba's first starring role in a serial drama. That year, he also had a brief appearance on bandmate Satoshi Ohno's comedy drama series Uta no oniisan, as himself. On January 9, 2010, Sakurai co-starred with the other members of Arashi in the human suspense drama special Saigo no Yakusoku.
In 2001, he took part in his first drama series called with Masahiro Matsuoka as his teacher. His role as a student with two conflicting characters won him Best Newcomer in the 5th Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix Awards.
In 2003, Sakurai was given his first lead role in the drama . He portrayed , a man who strives to prove himself capable of being a nursery school teacher. After Yoiko no Mikata, Sakurai took up many drama specials and mini-dramas until 2005. He even acted in a NHK late-night drama series called Tokio, in which each episode lasted for fifteen minutes each.
Although there was no release of dramas, movies or stageplays from Sakurai in 2008 due to his involvement with the Olympic Games in Beijing and Arashi's concert tours, 2009 saw his first lead role in a drama series since Yoiko no Mikata in 2003.
In 2009, in the drama The Quiz Show 2 with You Yokoyama, he portrayed an amnesic host of a live TV quiz program. He portrayed , a 28-year-old life insurance salesman who is caught up in a building hijack. Sakurai appeared in the docudrama special on January 16, 2010. He portrayed , a real photo reporter who worked for the Kobe Shimbun and helped keep the newspaper running without interruption despite the damage inflicted from the Kobe earthquake.
On January 17, 2010, TBS aired the first episode of Sakurai and Maki Horikita's comedy drama .
On August 18, 2011, it was announced that Sakurai would be starring in a Fuji TV drama in the Fall season. The drama is based on a bestselling novel published in 2010 by author Higashigawa Tokuya. Sakurai co-starred with actress Keiko Kitagawa. The drama aired starting in October. On January 26, 2012, it was announced that Fuji TV would produce a drama special for Nazotoki... to be aired on March 27. Sakurai played the lead role of Kageyama again, while Kitagawa reprised her role of Reiko Hosho. The drama special was filmed at Okinawa. A second special and a movie were released in August 2013
On January 25, 2012, TBS announced a three-night drama special Blackboard – Teachers Waging The Battles of Their Times, which aired in early April. Sakurai starred on the first night as a junior high school teacher who lost his right arm by war and struggled the change of moral after the war. His co-star was Yuko Oshima of AKB48.
In January 2023, Sakurai appears in his 5th drama with NTV, after Yoiko no Mikata (2003), The Quiz Show 2 (2009), Saki ni Umareta Dake no Boku (2017) and Nemesis (2021). Dai byōin senkyo is about a hospital suddenly occupied by an armed group wearing demon masks. Sakurai plays a detective, currently on leave of absence, who confronts the criminals, in the action-packed suspense drama.
Film
In 2002, Sakurai made his motion picture debut in Arashi's first movie together, . He portrayed Chu, a yankee who dropped out of high school after an incident involving his teacher and the girl he had a crush on. In 2004, he reprised his role for the sequel of Pikanchi Life Is Hard Dakedo Happy, . In 2007, all the members of Arashi co-starred in their third movie together, , with Sakurai playing the role of an aspiring writer. In 2014, in a third installment of the Pikanchi movies, called , Sakurai reprises his role, now as an adult Chu, who has settled down and started a family.
In 2002, in the drama Kisarazu Cat's Eye, he took on the role of Bambi, a college student who becomes part of a burglar ring at the beckoning of his cancer-stricken friend Bussan (played by Junichi Okada) to make his final days worthwhile. The drama would eventually span into two movie sequels entitled Kisarazu Cat's Eye: Nihon Series and Kisarazu Cat's Eye: World Series in 2003 and 2006 respectively.
While training for a rowing competition with the rest of Arashi on their variety show Mago Mago Arashi in 2005, Sakurai filmed his first starring movie role in the manga-based live-action film Honey and Clover. He portrayed the mellow .
By the end of 2007, it was announced that he would star as Gan-chan in the Takashi Miike movie Yatterman, which was not released in theaters until the beginning of 2009.
It was announced on June 8, 2010 that Sakurai would co-star with Aoi Miyazaki in the novel-based movie , released in theaters in 2011. It would be the first time Sakurai portrayed a doctor. A sequel for the movie, hit theaters in 2014. In the first movie, Dr. Ichito Kurihara (Sakurai) was struggling with work life in a countryside hospital on the alert 365 days a year. In the sequel, his struggles between family life and work life are accentuated when Ichito's friend from college, also a physician, Tatsuya Shindo (portrayed by Tatsuya Fujiwara), comes to Ichito's hospital from Tokyo.
On June 4, 2012 the movie version of the popular drama was announced. Sakurai once again portrayed the sharp-tongued mysteries-solving butler Kageyama, co-starring with Kitagawa Keiko. The plot of the movie is a murder case that happens on a luxurious cruise ship. Besides set filming, the production team also filmed overseas in Singapore where they boarded the luxurious cruise ship SuperStar Virgo for onsite filming. The movie completed filming by end of July 2012 and is scheduled for release on August 3, 2013 in Japan. The International Gala Premiere was held in Singapore on July 27, 2013 at Marina Bay Sands, where about 2,000 fans from Singapore, Thailand and other countries in the region were treated to face-to-face interactions with the main cast of Sakurai and his fellow cast members, Keiko Kitagawa and Shinai Kippei. Director Masato Hijikata also graced the occasion. Selected fans got to watch the movie premiere with the cast and director in the Sands Theatre, and were treated to a 20-minute Q&A session with the actors and director after the movie screening. The Singapore premiere of the movie was scheduled for August 22, 2013, with a special Fans' Screening by Golden Village cinemas on August 14, 2013.
Other ventures
Radio
From October 5, 2002 to March 30, 2008, Sakurai hosted his own radio show called Sho Beat on FM Fuji.
Commercials
Able Inc. real estate company (2008-2011)
Aflac Japan (2011- )
Ajinomoto Frozen Foods (2011- )
Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd.
Asahi Soft Drinks "Mitsuya Cider" (2009-2010, 2020-) In 2020, with Arashi as a group, including a video of himself with audio from Satoshi Ohno. In 2021-2023, together with fellow Arashi member Masaki Aiba, and including Hey! Say! JUMP member Ryosuke Yamada, Snow Man members Ryohei Abe and Ren Meguro and Johnny's Jr. group Bishounen in a series of commercials for Spring and Summer.
Asahi Breweries "New Clear Asahi" beer (2019)
Benesse Corporation Shinkenzemi Junior High School Seminar (2011-2013)
Japanese Cabinet Office 2050 Low-carbon economy (2008)
House Foods Vermont Curry (2023- )
House Wellness Foods Co., Ltd. () "C1000" (beverage) (2006-2007)
Japan Airlines (2021-) With fellow Arashi member Jun Matsumoto
Japan Post Co., Ltd. New Year's postcard campaign (2008 - 2009), also with Arashi (2019)
JINS Co., Ltd. chain stores and shopping centers (2012-2014)
Johnan Academic Preparatory Institute () (2005)
JustSystems Smile Seminar (2021-)
Kao Corporation
"Essential" hair product (2014-2016, 2019-)
"MegRhythm" heat patches and eye masks (2016- )
Lawson Inc. (2014-2015)
Menicon Lactive contact lenses (2022-)
Mitsui Fudosan real estate (2018- )
Morinaga & Company
Morinaga Confectionaries and Health Foods Industry
"in" (formerly Weider's in) jelly drink (2015- )
Morinaga Cocoa (2017-)
Morinaga Milk Industry "pino" brand ice cream (2010-2016)
Otsuka Pharmaceutical "Oronamin C" drink (2011-2015)
Shiseido's "Uno" brand "W Design Fiber" hair product x Kisarazu Cat's Eye collaboration (2006)
Taisho Pharmaceutical "Claritin EX" (2020- )
Toyota Financial Services Financing Plan (2007)
Variety TV Show
Sakurai hosts, starting in January 2021, a new variety program, substituting Arashi's signature program Arashi ni Shiyagare, ended in December 2020.
TBS Ima, ko no kao ga sugoi ! (今、この顔がスゴい!) – MC (4/11/2013 – March 20, 2014)
TBS Sakurai Ariyoshi The Dangerous Night (櫻井有吉アブナイ夜会) – Sakurai Ariyoshi The Night (櫻井・有吉 THE夜会) – MC (4/17/2014–present)
NTV 1 oku 3000 man nin no shō channeru (1億3000万人のSHOWチャンネル) – MC (January, 2021-present)
Newscasts, documentary and informative series
In 2006, he became a newscaster for the NTV news program News Zero with newscaster and actress Mao Kobayashi. He continues co-hosting Monday's edition, now with main newscaster Yumiko Udo
On June 7, 2009, Sakurai was one of the main newscasters for a special program titled Touch! Eco 2009, which focused on environmental issues.
In 2007, he was chosen to help host , a special program which focused the 2007 House of Councillors elections. Sakurai became the first pop idol to host such a program. On August 30, 2009, he was appointed the official caster for the second part of , which covered Japan's 2009 general elections. On July 11, 2010, he took on the role of a navigator for the second half of , which focused on the 2010 House of Councillors elections. He has continued to co-host the special program until the 2022 elections.
In 2007, he was chosen as the main caster for Fuji TV's broadcast of the 2007 Volleyball World Cup, marking it the first time in eight years that he has been involved with the Volleyball World Cup. In 2008, Sakurai was a newscaster for the 2008 FIVB Women's World Olympic Qualification Tournament and the main newscaster for the news coverage of the Olympic Games in Beijing on NTV. Sakurai was the special newscaster for the 2010 Winter Olympics news coverage on NTV with Shizuka Arakawa as the main newscaster. On May 13, 2012, NTV announced the appointment of Sakurai as the main caster for their coverage of the 2012 London Summer Olympics, which runs from July 27 to August 12, 2012. It is Sakurai's third consecutive Olympic main caster appointment for NTV after 2008 Beijing and 2010 Vancouver. He was chosen, alongside his Arashi co-member Masaki Aiba, to host the NHK special program coverage for the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics, celebrated from July 23, 2021.
In July 2010, Sakurai traveled to Romania, Germany, and Russia to do a special report on world poverty for 24-Hour Television, which was broadcast on August 29, 2010. He interviewed former Soviet Union General Secretary and Nobel Peace Prize winner Mikhail Gorbachev about nuclear disarmament and poverty.
Sakurai was chosen by Nippon Television Network (NTV) of Japan as the main MC of their royal wedding special, "British Royal Family Prince William and Princess Kate". The special was aired on April 29, 2011, featuring video footage from the British Broadcasting Channel that covered the joyous occasion for the British royal family.
Sakurai co-hosted the special program 復興テレビ_みんなのチカラ aired on March 11, 2012, a special program to remember the 9.0 magnitude earthquake that hit North-eastern Japan in 2011.
On August 4, 2015 Sakurai and Akira Ikegami hosted the first episode of an NTV series called . This first installment dealt with a look at the war 70 years after Japan's surrender, and the Japanese peoples understanding of it. A second episode aired on March 1, 2016. This one dealt with a historical look of the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake 5 years after, primarily, and other disasters around the world such as eruptions, landslides, floods and typhoons, and how to deal with them and prepare in order to save lives. A new episode aired two years later, February 6, 2018. On this one, Sakurai and Ikegami talked about "Unexpected Japan", dealing with politics and its relationship to the Olympic Games, North Korea and the Imperial Family. A fourth installment of the series aired on May 4, 2020, where they talked about the "ultra difficult problems" facing Japan, like the coronavirus and all that happened around the pandemic, such as the closing of schools, delays in services and postponement of big events, like the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics. On May 31, 2021, a 5th installment of the program aired. With the theme "clear and present danger", Ikegami and Sakurai, together with guests, talked about the ongoing investigation on coronavirus, its sequelae and the fight against it and new viruses. It also included a talk about new AI technology and the risk of it being misused and abused, like in drones, which could be used as weapons, and the so called "Deepfake", in which false images are used to replace someone else in order to commit crimes, like fraud.
On March 17, 2019, Sakurai and NHK announcer Mayuko Wakuda hosted the first episode of the 4-part documentary "NHK Special 'Space Spectacle'", about the latest achievements in space exploration. The pair hosted all the series, which included topics like the Hayabusa2 mission, the search for Extraterrestrial life, black holes, and the mysteries of the origin of life on Earth and it's possible start in outer space, with the last episode airing September 8, 2019.
On December 10, 2022, an NHK documentary called Design Museum Japan, hosted by Sakurai, takes a look at "design treasures" from regions all over Japan.
Music Event
Nippon TV Best Artist (日テレ系音楽の祭典 ベストアーティスト) Main Host (2009–2022)
Nippon TV Music Festival – The Power of Music (日テレ系音楽の祭典 音楽のちから2012) Main Host (2012)
Nippon TV The Music Day Main Host (2013–2023)
NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen White team host (solo, 2018, 2019; as part of Arashi, 2010 – 2014), special navigator (2022)
Telethon
Sakurai appears as main personality in NTV's 24-Hr TV for 6th time, 5 with Arashi (2004, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2019) (24時間テレビ) and 1 by himself (2017)
Personal exhibition
"Sho Sakurai: Words for the Future", is Sakurai's first exhibition centered in his words, both as part of Arashi and as an individual, thought of since 2018, to convey his feelings and words expressed in different ways, like in the reinterpretation of his "Sakurap" and words shared in various media (like narrated excepts from the 2019 Newsweek Japan special feature "Sho Sakurai and the Memory of War"). It will be held from April 14 to May 5, 2023, at the Roppongi Museum in Tokyo.
Personal life
On September 28, 2021, Sakurai announced his marriage through a letter he released in their fan club website.
Sakurai announced the birth of their first child on February 15, 2023 through official site. Date of birth and child's gender were not revealed.
Contributions
Rap lyrics
Filmography
Television
Film
Theatre
Awards and nominations
Footnotes
References
External links
J Storm Profile
Sho Sakurai | Johnny's Net Profile
1982 births
Living people
People from Maebashi
People from Minato
Arashi members
Japanese male pop singers
Japanese rappers
Keio University alumni
Japanese male film actors
Japanese male stage actors
Japanese male television actors
Japanese male idols
Singers from Tokyo
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sho%20Sakurai |
Champion station is an at-grade light rail station on the Green Line and the Orange Line of the VTA light rail system. The station is located in the center median of Tasman Drive just east of its intersection with Champion Court, after which the station is named. This station is the furthest east on the section of track shared by the Green and Orange lines.
Champion was built as part of the Tasman West extension project as an infill station on the original Guadeloupe Corridor. The station opened on March 24, 1997, a couple of years before the rest of the Tasman West stations.
Service
Station layout
Station artwork
The station features public artworks, including the sculpture EcoTech completed in 1997 by eco-artist Deborah Kennedy for the city of San Jose. The station is decorated with a number of icons commonly used to depict routers, switches and other networking devices on network maps as a nod to Cisco Systems, whose San Jose campus surrounds the station.
References
External links
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus stations
Railway stations in San Jose, California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987
1987 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champion%20station |
Sir Francis Villeneuve Smith (13 February 1819 – 17 January 1909) was an Australian lawyer, judge and politician, who served as the fourth Premier of Tasmania from 12 May 1857 until 1 November 1860.
Early life: West Indies
Smith was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. His mother, Marie Josephine Villeneuve (? – 4 December 1893), was of African descent but nothing more is known about her parents. Smith would acknowledge his mother's ancestry by adopting her surname in 1884.
While his mother was a resident of Port-au-Prince, his father was recorded as ‘Sir (sic) Francis Smith, foreign merchant in this town’. He ‘declared being the natural father of the child…’
Francis Smith senior (5 November 1787– 8 September 1855) was born in Nevis, the son of the ships’ carpenter Francis Smith (? – January 1790) and his common-law wife Amelia Brodbelt (? – May 1817). Described as a ‘mulatto’, in March 1765 Amelia Brodbelt had been freed from enslavement by Frances Brodbelt of Nevis. Frances was the unmarried sister of the Nevis planter James Brodbelt who was Amelia Brodbelt’s father. Throughout her life, Amelia was known as a ‘free coloured woman’.
Early life: to Tasmania via England
By 1821 Francis Smith senior and his family were living at 26 Brunswick Place, Shoreditch, London. Francis was baptised on 24 September 1821 in the local church, St Leonard's. Before May 1824 the family moved to Lindfield, Sussex, where his father bought a farm which he sold prior to leaving for Australia.
The family arrived in Port Jackson, Sydney on 15 November 1828. After a brief stay in Sydney and then Hobart Francis Smith senior bought two large tracts of partially developed land north of Richmond in the Australian colony of Van Diemen’s Land (later called Tasmania) and became a farmer.
Education and career
Smith grew up on his father’s estate, ‘Campania' in Tasmania but returned to England to further his education. In 1838 he began studying law at the Middle Temple and arts at University College London, graduating with a BA in 1840. He was called to the Bar on 27 May 1842 and in later life was a Bencher of his Inn from 1890 to 1898.
After returning to Tasmania, he was admitted to the Tasmanian Bar in October 1844. He became 'a barrister of some standing 'whose talent and legal knowledge have obtained for him a very large amount of practice'.
In 1851 he became a member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council and soon after became Solicitor-General, a role he served until 1854.
He was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in 1856 and served as Attorney-General in William Champ's first ministry from 1 November 1856 until 26 February 1857. When William Weston's ministry (1857) collapsed, he proceeded to form his own with himself as Premier and Attorney-General. He held office for three years until 1860, becoming the first Premier of Tasmania to hold office for more than one year. In 1860 he was appointed to the Supreme Court bench, becoming Chief Justice in 1870. During his time as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania he displayed legal aptitude, producing well-reasoned judgments.
Smith was knighted in 1862.
On ending his distinguished legal and political career, he retired to England where he died on 17 January 1909 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent.
Family
Smith married Sarah Giles on 26 August 1851. She was born about 1832 in Foxford, County Mayo, Ireland and died on 29 July 1909. She was the only child of the Reverend George Giles of Launceston. They had two sons and two daughters; only one of the sons has been identified:
o Francis George Villeneuve Smith (1854–1941), solicitor, left Tasmania for Sydney in 1883, on 2 July 1885 married Caroline (Lena) Anne Shadforth Stephen, only child of Mr M. H. Stephen, barrister-at-law.
o Kate Villeneuve Smith (c 1856 Tasmania - ?)
o Margaret Villeneuve Smith (c 1861 Tasmania - ?)
References
Further reading
1819 births
1909 deaths
Premiers of Tasmania
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council
Chief Justices of Tasmania
Australian Knights Bachelor
Members of the Middle Temple
People from Lindfield, West Sussex
English emigrants to colonial Australia
Colony of Tasmania judges
Judges of the Supreme Court of Tasmania
19th-century Australian judges
19th-century Australian politicians
Solicitors-General of Tasmania
Attorneys-General of Tasmania
Politicians from Port-au-Prince
Australian people of Haitian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Smith%20%28Australian%20politician%29 |
Lick Mill station is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). Lick Mill is served by the Orange and Green light rail lines.
Lick Mill is VTA's recommended transfer point for Altamont Corridor Express (ACE) commuter rail and Capitol Corridor inter-city rail trains at Santa Clara – Great America station. Despite the similar names, VTA's Great America station is not the connection point, because it is about away from the ACE/Capitol Corridor station, while Lick Mill station is only away. The path between the VTA station and the ACE/Capitol Corridor station is well signed but is not wheelchair accessible because of a staircase.
Lick Mill is closed for up to 60 minutes after the events at the nearby Levi's Stadium to prevent crowds from overwhelming the station. VTA's Great America station (which is located closer to the stadium) has additional facilities to handle large crowds.
Location
The station is located in the median of Tasman Drive just east of Calle Del Sol. The northbound platform is located closer to Lick Mill Road while the southbound platform is located closer to Calle Del Sol.
Station layout
References
External links
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus stations
Railway stations in San Jose, California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987
1987 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick%20Mill%20station |
The 2005–06 Powergen Anglo-Welsh Cup was the 35th annual rugby union cup competition in England, and the first since it incorporated the four Welsh regional sides to become the Anglo-Welsh Cup. Whereas the competition previously featured teams from the lower levels of the English rugby pyramid, this season it was contested by the 12 teams from the English Premiership and the four Welsh regional sides from the Celtic League.
The competition began with a pool stage, in which each pool consisted of a Welsh region and three English sides, with each team playing the others in the group once. Pool matches were played in September, October and December 2005. The team that finished top of each pool advanced to the semi-finals. The semi-finals were played at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff on 4 March 2006, and the final was played at Twickenham Stadium in London on 9 April.
London Wasps beat Leicester Tigers 22–17 in their semi-final, while Llanelli Scarlets beat Bath 27–26 in theirs; Wasps then beat the Scarlets 26–10 in the final.
Group stages
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Semi-finals
Final
Notes
See also
2005–06 English Premiership (rugby union)
2005–06 Celtic League
External links
Powergen Cup on RFU.com
2005–06 rugby union tournaments for clubs
2005–06 English Premiership (rugby union)
2005–06 in Welsh rugby union
2005-06 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306%20Powergen%20Anglo-Welsh%20Cup |
Fort Worth Independent School District is a school district based in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. Based on a 2017-18 enrollment of 86,234 students, it is the fifth largest school district in Texas.
Fort Worth ISD serves most of the city of Fort Worth, and the cities of Benbrook, Westover Hills, and Westworth Village. The district also covers portions of Arlington, Edgecliff Village, Forest Hill, Haltom City, Kennedale, Sansom Park, White Settlement, and unincorporated portions of Tarrant County.
In 2010, the district unveiled one of the largest, most comprehensive redesigns of secondary education in the nation with its Gold Seal Programs of Choice and Gold Seal Schools of Choice. Each of its 13 high schools introduced curricula focused on college and career pathways. As part of the Gold Seal plan, the district has also opened a single-gender school for girls, the Young Women's Leadership Academy; a single-gender school for boys, the Young Men's Leadership Academy Paul Laurence Dunbar Young Men's Leadership Academy; an early college high school, Marine Creek Collegiate High School; and an early college medical high school, the Texas Academy of Biomedical Sciences.
In 2018, the school district was given an overall grade of "C" by the Texas Education Agency
History
Superintendent Walter Dansby, who started his FWISD career circa 1974, began his term in 2012. His base salary was $338,817.60. He resigned on Monday June 2, 2014,; the following day the district announced his severance pay, to be doled out over a seven month period, would be over $900,000. His final day of work was January 31, 2015.
In 2019 the district planned a major redraw of attendance boundaries, the first since circa 1999. In 2020 the FWISD board of education accepted proposed changes. Parents upset with some of the changes considered filing lawsuits to stop the changes.
Salary
Teacher salaries in the FWISD are above the state average and significantly higher than the minimum teacher salary schedule in Texas. For the 2018-19 school year, the salary for new teachers with a Bachelor's degree in FWISD averaged $53,000 with no experience. The 2018-19 average salary for teachers with 30 years experience is $70,000. Teachers with a Master's degree or higher and the same years of experience averaged $1,000-$1,500 more per year.
Schools
Secondary schools
High schools (Grades 9-12)
Zoned
Amon Carter Riverside High School (1936)
Arlington Heights High School (1920)
Benbrook Middle-High School (2011)
Diamond Hill-Jarvis High School (1903)
Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (1953)
Eastern Hills High School (1959)
North Side High School (1884)
R. L. Paschal High School (1885)
Polytechnic High School (1907)
South Hills High School (1998)
Southwest High School (1967)
Trimble Technical High School (1955)
Western Hills High School (1968)
O. D. Wyatt High School (1968)
Gold Seal Schools of Choice
Alice Carlson Applied Learning Center K-5th (Fort Worth)
Applied Learning Academy 6th-8th (Fort Worth)
Como Montessori School K-8th (Fort Worth)
Daggett Montessori School K-8th (Fort Worth)
I.M. Terrell Academy for STEM & VPA 9th-12th (Fort Worth)
Marine Creek Collegiate High School 9th-12th (Fort Worth)
Riverside Applied Learning Center PK-5th (Fort Worth)
TCC South/FWISD Collegiate High School 9th-12th (Fort Worth)
Texas Academy of Biomedical Sciences 9th-12th (Fort Worth)
World Languages Institute 6th-12th (Fort Worth)
Young Men's Leadership Academy 6th-12th (Fort Worth)
Young Women's Leadership Academy 6th-12th (Fort Worth)
Middle Schools (Grades 6-8)
Benbrook Middle-High School
Daggett Middle School
J. Martin Jacquet Middle School
J.P. Elder Middle School
Leadership Academy @ Forest Oak Middle School
Glencrest 6th Grade School
Handley Middle School
William James Middle School
Kirkpatrick Middle School
Leonard Middle School
When it first opened, parents were only able to go on a single road, Chapin Road, to get there.
Jean McClung Middle School
McLean 6th Grade School
W.P. McLean Middle School
W.A. Meacham Middle School
Meadowbrook Middle School
William Monnig Middle School
Morningside Middle School
Riverside Middle School
Rosemont Middle School
W. C. Stripling Middle School
Wedgwood 6th Grade School
Wedgwood Middle School
Other Schools
Boulevard Heights (Fort Worth)
Horizons Alternative School (Fort Worth)
J.J.A.E.P Juvenile Justice Alternative Education Program (Fort Worth)
Jo Kelly School (Fort Worth)
Lena Pope Home (Fort Worth)
Metro Opportunity School (Fort Worth)
Middle Level Learning Center (Fort Worth)
International Newcomer Academy (Fort Worth)
Success High School (Fort Worth)
Primary/Elementary schools
Harlean Beal Elementary School (Forest Hill)
Benbrook Elementary School (Benbrook)
Bonnie Brae Elementary School
Edward J. Briscoe Elementary School
Burton Hill Elementary School (Westworth Village)
Carroll Peak Elementary School
Carter Park Elementary School
Cesar Chavez Elementary School
George C. Clarke Elementary School
Lily B. Clayton Elementary School
Como Elementary School
Alice D. Contreras Elementary School
E.M. Daggett Elementary School
Clifford Davis Elementary School
De Zavala Elementary School
Diamond Hill Elementary School
S.S. Dillow Elementary School
East Handley Elementary School
Eastern Hills Elementary School
Bill J. Elliott Elementary School
M.G. Ellis Primary School (PreK-K)
Glen Park Elementary School
2004 National Blue Ribbon School
W.M. Green Elementary School
Greenbriar Elementary School
H.V. Helbing Elementary School
Natha Howell Elementary School (Haltom City)
Hubbard Heights Elementary School
Dolores Huerta Elementary School
Manuel Jara Elementary School
M.L. Kirkpatrick Elementary School
Maude I. Logan Elementary School
Lowery Road Elementary School
Atwood McDonald Elementary School
D. McRae Elementary School
Meadowbrook Elementary School
Rufino Mendoza Elementary School
2003 National Blue Ribbon School
Luella Merrett Elementary School
Mitchell Boulevard Elementary School
In 2018 the district categorized the school as a "leadership academy" as a way to turn around historically low test scores.
M.H. Moore Elementary School
Morningside Elementary School
Christene C. Moss Elementary School
Charles Nash Elementary School
North Hi Mount Elementary School
Oakhurst Elementary School
Oaklawn Elementary School
A.M. Pate Elementary School
Mary Louise Phillips Elementary School
Ridglea Hills Elementary School
Sam Rosen Elementary School
Sagamore Hill Elementary School
David K. Sellars Elementary School (Forest Hill)
Seminary Hills Park Elementary School
Bruce Shulkey Elementary School
T.A. Sims Elementary School
South Hi Mount Elementary School
South Hills Elementary School
Springdale Elementary School
J.T. Stevens Elementary School
Sunrise-McMillan Elementary School
Tanglewood Elementary School
1991-92 National Blue Ribbon School
I.M. Terrell Elementary School
W.J. Turner Elementary School
Van Zandt-Guinn Elementary School
Maudrie M. Walton Elementary School
Washington Heights Elementary School
Waverly Park Elementary School
West Handley Elementary School
Westcliff Elementary School
Westcreek Elementary School
Western Hills Elementary School (2-5)
Western Hills Primary School (PreK-1)
Westpark Elementary School (Benbrook)
Versia L. Williams Elementary School
Richard J. Wilson Elementary School
Woodway Elementary School
Worth Heights Elementary School
John T. White Elementary School
See also
List of school districts in Texas
References
External links
Fort Worth ISD
Fort Worth ISD Council of PTAs
Fort Worth ISD Library Media Services
School districts in Tarrant County, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Worth%20Independent%20School%20District |
Great America station is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). Great America is served by the Orange and Green light rail lines. Great America is named for the nearby California's Great America theme park and is the closest station to Levi's Stadium, home of the San Francisco 49ers.
From the station platforms, the entrance to Levi's Stadium is a walk and the entrance to the Great America theme park is a walk.
Improvements were made to the station ahead of the July 2014 opening of Levi's Stadium, including adding an “event only” side platform south of the eastbound track. During normal operations, this platform is not used and gates prevent access. After the end of a game, the platform is opened and used for eastbound and southbound departures, while the normal island platform is used only for westbound departures. During very busy events, the new platform has multiple gates, and customers are asked to queue in different lines based on their destination to facilitate rapid loading of trains.
A pocket track was also added between the Reamwood and Old Ironsides stations, enabling the storage of three, 3-car trains to mobilize trains quickly after the end of an event at Levi's Stadium.
Despite the similar names, this station is not the recommended transfer point for the Santa Clara–Great America station used by Altamont Corridor Express (ACE) commuter rail and Capitol Corridor inter-city rail trains as the walk between the stations is about . VTA advises passengers to use Lick Mill station, which is only away from the ACE/Capitol Corridor station.
Service
Station layout
Location
The station is located in the median of Tasman Drive between the Santa Clara Convention Center and California's Great America. It is also across the street from the San Francisco 49ers home, Levi's Stadium.
References
External links
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus stations
1987 establishments in California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20America%20station |
Água Fria de Goiás is a municipality in northern Goiás state, Brazil.
Location
Água Fria became a city in 1989 when it was dismembered from Planaltina de Goiás in 1989. Água Fria is located in the microregion called Entorno do Distrito Federal, although it is almost 156 kilometers of national capital of Brasília. Communications are made by BR-020 to Planaltina, then north, passing through Goiás. Another road links Água Fria by way of Mimoso de Goiás and Padre Bernardo.
The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 342 km. Highway connections are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / BR-060 / Alexânia / Planaltina (DF) / GO-430 / BR-010/GO-118 / São Gabriel (district) / GO-230.
Municipal boundaries:
north: Niquelândia and Colinas do Sul
east: Formosa
west: Mimoso de Goiás
south: Planaltina
Description
Água Fria is a quiet rural town, far from the urban phenomena common to the cities located near Brasília. The urban area is made up of one main avenue, unpaved, and some cross streets. Along the avenue are the main public services which include the following: post office, telephone station, police station, town hall, health center, community center, tax office, a small library, and some small commercial shops and bars.
The residences, of adobe or brick, are on the side streets, which are also unpaved. Water is furnished to the population but is untreated. The sewage system consists of individual dwellings using septic tanks. There is only one health clinic (with a non-resident doctor) and one school.
Economy
The economy is based on cattle raising (44,900 head in 2006) and plantations of oranges (990 hectares), soybeans (19,000 hectares in 2006), corn (12,000 hectares in 2006), and beans. Orange production of 13,058 tons in 2006 made Água Fria the largest producer in the state. In 2006 there were 618 farms with a total area of 128,625 hectares, of which 26,500 hectares were cropland and 56,200 hectares were pasture. About 1,600 persons were directly connected to agriculture. Local commerce offers few employment possibilities and the biggest employer is the local government.
Motor vehicles
Number of automobiles: 210
Number of pickup trucks: 27
Number of inhabitants per motor vehicle: 21.13
Main crops in hectares
Rice: 500
Banana: 56
Sugarcane: 24
Beans: 7,600
Oranges: 990
Corn: 15,000
Soybeans: 20,000
Sorghum: 700 (All data are from 2006)
Health and education
Água Fria had a score of 0.69 on the 2000 Municipal Human Development Index, which gave it a state ranking of 212 (out of 242 municipalities)
and a national ranking of 3064 (out of 5507 municipalities).
Hospitals: none (February 2007)
Schools: 13 with 1,531 students (2006)
Literacy rate in 2000: 80.3%
Infant mortality rate in 2000: 25.57
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Study of Água Fria
Frigoletto
Anuario de Transportes
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua%20Fria%20de%20Goi%C3%A1s |
King Cross, originally the site of an ancient stone cross, is an ecclesiastical parish created in 1845 in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. Part of the Diocese of Wakefield, it is located along the top of a ridge above the town of Halifax. The A58 road into Lancashire divides here, with one fork, the A646, branching off towards Burnley via Hebden Bridge and the other going to Littleborough via Sowerby Bridge. During the English Civil War, when Halifax was a Royalist stronghold, King Cross was a key outpost, with the Parliamentarians holding parts of the Calder Valley.
History
During the First English Civil War (1642–1646) Halifax was a Royalist stronghold, with
King Cross as a key outpost, on the roads between Lancashire and West Yorkshire, with the Parliamentarians holding parts of the Calder Valley.
Before 1850, the area consisted of small hamlets and agricultural fields, in the parish of Halifax. With the onset of the industrial revolution, through the 18th and 19th centuries, the population steadily grew and King Cross was made a separate parish in 1845. A Commissioners' church, St Paul's, designed by Robert Chantrell in 1845, was built in 1847, with seating for 450 people.
By the end of the 19th century, with a population of some 17,000, the older church of St Paul's, built in 1847, had run out of space for burials. A decision was made in 1909 to build a new church designed by Sir Charles Nicholson, with seating for 1,000, nearby. Except for the tower, it was completed in 1912.
Following a fire in the old St Paul's in 1930, during which the roof was destroyed, the building was demolished in 1931, leaving only the tower and spire standing. With the increased space burials continued in the graveyard until 1969. With 1,737 graves in the graveyard, the church asked the local council to take over the maintenance of the grounds. The area was designated as a "rest garden" in 1973, though with some considerable controversy.
The current church of St Paul's is notable for its acoustics and an unusual and highly colourful west window, dedicated in 1937 in memory of Canon Hugh Bright and designed by Hugh Ray Easton of Cambridge, who had also designed windows for Canterbury Cathedral, Exeter Cathedral and Durham Cathedral. The window depicts an apocalyptic vision of the Holy City descending upon the smoky mills and railway viaducts of Halifax. The church was built from locally sourced stone, the inside walls being made of ashlar from the quarries at Sowerby, and the external walls of stone from the quarries of Northowram and Hipperholme.
The first vicar of the old St Paul's church, Reverend Samuel Danby, from 1847-1859, married Mary Dorothy Wainhouse, the daughter of Edward Wainhouse, the local dye works owner, who partly funded the building of the church. The stained glass east window, designed by H.W. Bryans, in the new St Paul's is dedicated in Edward Wainhouse's memory.
In 1905, the Reverend H.S. Footman, a curate of the old St Paul's church became the curate of the nearby St Hilda's Mission Church, built in 1898.
Cricket
The King Cross Cricket Club, was originally a Sunday School team known as the King Cross Wesleyan Cricket club, having been formed in 1878 by the Young Men’s Class at the King Cross Wesleyan School. Before moving to the Ramsden Ground in Upper Kingston in 1900, the club played at the nearby Savile Park Moor. The club’s pavilion at West View was known as "Duck House".
King Cross Prize Band
At some point in the late 1800s, a brass band, conducted by Arthur Peace, was formed in the parish and although little is known of its history it was known to have taken part in local band competitions, with some memorable instances. It appeared at a command performance for Queen Victoria. On 8 August 1902, it played before Edward VII at Buckingham Palace and on 21 June 1911 the band returned there to play before King George V and Queen Mary.
King Cross police sub-station
The area's first police station stood at the junction of Warley Road and Burnley Road on the site of a former Methodist chapel. The foundation stone was laid on 15 September 1910 and the station opened in May 1911. It had the Latin motto: "Ignorantia legis excusat neminem" ("Ignorance of the law excuses no-one") over the entrance. Following redevelopment in 1973, the building was demolished.
Wainhouse tower
Wainhouse Tower, designed by the architect Isaac Booth, was originally designed as a chimney to serve the local dye works owned by John Edward Wainhouse, to satisfy the Smoke Abatement Act of 1870. Wainhouse was a keen advocate of smoke prevention and decided that a high chimney on the top of the hill would be beneficial for the townspeople. A much simpler chimney would have satisfied the requirements of the law, but with an interest in architecture Wainhouse insisted that it should be an object of beauty. It was erected in four years and completed on 9 September 1875, at a total cost of £14,000. It is the tallest structure in Calderdale and the tallest folly in the world. Internally, it is high and externally , being built on sloping ground. It has an internal spiral staircase with 403 steps. The tower is maintained by Calderdale Borough Council and open to visitors at certain times of the year. An urban myth has arisen due to Wainhouse's long-standing conflict with his neighbour, Sir Henry Edwards, over water rights. Some people think that Wainhouse had built the tower solely in order to overlook Edwards' land after he had been made High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1871.
References
External links
Areas of Halifax, West Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Cross |
Wagin was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia. It was in existence from 1911 to 1950 and from 1989 to 2017. The seat was named after the town of Wagin and incorporated portions of the Wheatbelt, albeit with varying boundaries. Wagin was a safe seat for the National Party for most of its existence.
History
Wagin was first created for the 1911 state election. Until 1947, its member was Sydney Stubbs who represented several different conservative parties over that time. Stubbs was succeeded by Crawford Nalder, who would later become Country Party leader. Wagin was abolished ahead of the 1950 state election whence Nalder instead became the member for Katanning.
Wagin was recreated at the 1989 state election. The first member of the recreated seat was National MP Bob Wiese, formerly the member for Narrogin; the district that Wagin largely replaced. Wiese was succeeded by current member and National MP Terry Waldron at the 2001 state election. Waldron held the seat until Wagin was abolished in a redistribution prior to the 2017 state election. Its territory was incorporated in the seats of Albany, Central Wheatbelt, Roe and Warren-Blackwood.
In its last incarnation, Wagin was a large rural electorate in the southern part of the Wheatbelt region. Its major population centres included Cuballing, Boddington, Brookton, Corrigin, Gnowangerup, Hyden, Lake Grace, Katanning, Kojonup, Narrogin and Wagin.
Members for Wagin
Election results
References
External links
ABC election profiles: 2005 2008
WAEC district maps: 1996–2005 2005–2008 2008–
Wagin
Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
1911 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1911
2017 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 2017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Wagin |
The 1998 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 20th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It took place from 31 October to 8 November 1998 at the National Hockey Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan.
Results
All times are Pakistan Time (UTC+05:00)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Awards
Final standings
External links
Official FIH website
C
1998
Champions Trophy (field hockey)
1998 in Pakistani sport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
The Valencia orange is a sweet orange cultivar named after the famed oranges in València, Spain. It was first hybridized by pioneer American agronomist and land developer William Wolfskill in the mid-19th century on his farm in Santa Ana, southern California, United States, North America.
History
William Wolfskill (1798–1866) was an American born in Kentucky and reared in Missouri. He became a Mexican citizen in the 1820s, when he was in his 20s, while working in Santa Fe, New Mexico, as a fur trapper and then migrating to California, which was still part of Mexico at that time. He was given a land grant as a naturalized Mexican citizen under Mexican government rules. He cultivated numerous vineyards and grape varietals and was the largest wine producer in the region. He continued to buy land and later had sheep ranches as well as developing extensive citrus orchards. He hybridized the Valencia orange, a sweet orange, naming it after València, Spain, which has a reputation for its sweet orange trees.
Before his death in 1866, Wolfskill sold his patented Valencia hybrid to the Irvine Ranch owners, who planted nearly half their lands in its cultivation. The success of this crop in Southern California led to the naming of Valencia, California. It became the most popular juice orange in the United States.
In the mid-20th century, Florida botanist Lena B. Smithers Hughes introduced major improvements to the Valencia orange, developing virus-free strains for budwood production. These were so successful that, by 1983, the Hughes Valencia bud line made up some 60 percent of all Valencia oranges propagated for cultivation in Florida.
In 1988, Merleen Smith, a woman in Ventura County, California, contacted her local farm advisor on the suspicion that her neighbor was poisoning her tree. Investigators found that it was a pigmented bud sport of a conventional Valencia orange tree. The orange cultivar 'Smith Red Valencia' (with red insides) now bears her name.
Description
Primarily grown for processing and orange juice production, Valencia oranges have seeds, varying in number from zero to nine per fruit. Its excellent taste and internal color make it desirable for the fresh fruit markets, too. The fruit has an average diameter of , and a piece of this fruit which weighs has 45 calories and 9 grams of sugar. After bloom, it usually carries two crops on the tree, the old and the new. The commercial harvest season in Florida runs from March to June. Worldwide, Valencia oranges are prized as the only variety of orange in season during summer. Furthermore, Valencia oranges bring benefits because of the vitamin C and flavonoids contained.
In 2012, the genome of the orange was sequenced, and was found to have 29,445 protein-coding genes. It was also found that the sweet orange originated from a backcross hybrid between pummelo and mandarin orange.
The Valencia orange undergoes nucellar embryony in both fertilized and unfertilized conditions of the ovule.
See also
California Citrus State Historic Park
Eliza Tibbets
Laraha
Mother Orange Tree
Midknight Valencia Orange
References
External links
HOME FRUIT PRODUCTION-ORANGES at Texas Cooperative Extension Texas A&M Horticulture program
Sweet Oranges (including Valencia Oranges: Campbell Valencia orange, Cutter Valencia orange, Delta Valencia orange, Midknight Valencia orange, Olinda Valencia orange at University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection
Budget Plants: Valencia Orange Tree Information
History of agriculture in the United States
History of Irvine, California
History of Orange County, California
History of the American West
Orange cultivars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia%20orange |
Aurélie Claudel (born 7 August 1980) is a French model and actress.
Biography
Claudel has been featured on the covers and as well as inside pages of a variety of high-fashion magazines including Vogue (American, Italian, French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Australian), Marie Claire (American, Italian, French, German), Glamour (American, Italian, French), Elle (American, British, French, Spanish, Italian), Harper's Bazaar, Allure, Numéro, Flair, Arena, W Magazine, D Magazine, the Pirelli calendar and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.
Claudel has worked with fashion photographers like Steven Meisel, Herb Ritts, Irving Penn, Mario Testino, Patrick Demarchelier, Peter Lindbergh, Craig McDean, Paolo Roversi, Reagan Cameron, Gilles Bensimon, Nathaniel Goldberg, Steven Klein, Wayne Maser and David Bailey.
In addition to her print work, Claudel has appeared in numerous ad campaigns including Ralph Lauren, Valentino, Chanel, Chloé, Armani, Nautica, DKNY, Trussardi Jeans, Nina Ricci, Bill Blass, Oscar De La Renta. Cesare Paciotti, Cole Haan, Sephora, Emanuel Ungaro and Victoria's Secret. She was also the face of Calvin Klein's fragrance, Truth and held a cosmetics contract with Revlon, Ultima, Guerlain and Clarins.
She has also been a runway model for many designers including Victoria's Secret, Tommy Hilfiger, Ralph Lauren, Marc Jacobs, Jill Stuart, Diane Von Furstenberg, Jil Sander, Fendi, Christian Dior, Dolce & Gabbana, Richard Tyler, Christian Lacroix, Vivienne Westwood, DKNY, Nicole Miller, Caroline Herrera, Ellen Tracy, BCBG, Vera Wang, Halston, Bill Blass, Vivienne Tam, Jill Stuart, Cynthia Rowley & Hugo Boss.
Claudel made a special guest appearance in the Ricky Martin video "Private Emotion" directed by Francis Lawrence.
Filmography
Fading Gigolo directed by John Turturro
Alter Egos directed by Jordan Galland
Ricky Martin's "Private Emotion" video
References
External links
Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Collection: Aurélie Claudel
Aurélie Claudel Bio at AskMen
French film actresses
French female models
Living people
1980 births
People from Laxou | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie%20Claudel |
Son of Sam is an American horror punk band that is a side project created by Todd Youth in 2000, during his tenure as the guitarist for Danzig. The band's initial line up featured members of Samhain, Danzig, and AFI. Much like its members' other work, Son of Sam plays in the horror punk style, and also infuses metal and deathrock elements into their music. The name of the band was inspired by the iconic serial killer David Berkowitz, known as the notorious "Son of Sam". This also draws reference to the band Samhain.
History
In 1999, Youth was invited by Glenn Danzig to fill in the guitar position for the Samhain reunion tour, replacing Samhain's original guitarist, Pete "Damien" Marshall, who had opted out in order to tour with Iggy Pop. Playing guitar for the Samhain reunion inspired Youth to write an album worth of Samhain influenced music. Youth then contacted Steve Zing and London May (both ex-Samhain members), who were impressed with what Todd had written, and agreed to help him record an album. The project was dubbed "Son of Sam," a nod to the fact that the band was spawned out of the Samhain reunion. Davey Havok, whose band, AFI, had opened for the Samhain reunion tour, was invited to write lyrics and record vocals for the album, since it was well known that Havok was a Samhain fan.
In a short amount of time, they recorded an album of 10 tracks called Songs from the Earth and released it on Nitro Records in 2001 . "To me, doing this record was sort of a tribute to Samhain. Playing guitar for Samhain on the reunion tour was such an honor. I had forgotten how much I love and respect the band," Youth stated. The album featured guest guitar and keyboard from Glenn Danzig on the tracks Stray and Songs From The Earth.
In December 2007, messages on the Horror High website indicated that a follow-up record was being made. Davey Havok did not return on vocals as, although he had said numerous times that he would love to make a new Son of Sam album, he was too busy with commitments to AFI's record label, Interscope. Todd Youth released a statement saying while Havok would not be doing vocals, he hd given the rest of the band his full blessing in seeking a replacement vocalist.
Youth enlisted the talents of Chelsea Smiles bandmate Sky Vaughan-Jayne (real name Jonathan Ian Skye Jayne, and in this incarnation, Ian Thorne) to take up Havok's former mantle, and the band signed to Horror High records. The second album Into the Night was recorded and released in 2008. With the release of the second LP they embarked on a small American tour. On March 24, 2020, they announced a reunion on their Facebook page.
Todd Youth passed away on October 27, 2018.
Discography
Albums
Songs from the Earth (2001)
Into the Night (2008)
Other
Son of Sam (2001) – promotional CD intended for radio play featuring "Songs from the Earth" and "Satiate"
Punkzilla: The Compilation (2002) – Nitro Records compilation featuring "Michael"
Band members
Current members
Ian Thorne – vocals (2007–2008, 2020–present)
Jack Cash – guitar (2020–present)
Mike Christie – guitar (2020–present)
Mel McFail – drums (2020–present)
Former members
Davey Havok – vocals (2000–2001)
Todd Youth – guitars (2000–2001, 2007–2008; died 2018)
London May – drums (2000–2001)
Karl Rosqvist – drums (2007–2008)
Steve Zing – bass (2000–2001, 2007–2008)
References
External links
Unofficial biography
Interview with Todd Youth on Trilogy Rock (Spain)
David Berkowitz
Heavy metal supergroups
Horror punk groups
Musical groups established in 2000
Musical groups disestablished in 2001
Musical groups reestablished in 2007
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
Musical groups reestablished in 2020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%20of%20Sam%20%28band%29 |
Humppa-Akatemia is a 2000 compilation album by the Finnish group Eläkeläiset.
Track listing
Disc 1
Hyljätyn humppa (Hanoi Rocks – Don't You Ever Leave Me)
Humppasonni (HIM – Join Me)
Humppaosasto (Jalla Jalla – Hospital Waltz)
Ja humppa soi (Rauli Badding Somerjoki – Ja rokki soi)
Humppapappa vaan (Ebba Grön – Mamma, Pappa, Barn)
Humppa sujuu (Weeping Willows – True To You)
Hump (Van Halen – Jump)
Kuusessa hevon (Eric Clapton – Tears In Heaven)
Humppamedia (Kent – Om du var här)
Hotelli helpotus (The Eagles – Hotel California)
Paratiisihumppa (Stevie Wonder – Pastime Paradise)
Humppaa, saatanat (Spencer Davis Group – Gimme Some Lovin')
Poltettu humppa (Midnight Oil – Beds Are Burning)
Humppakonehumppa (Meredith Brooks – Bitch)
Humpparaakki (Dio – Holy Diver)
Humppalialaiset (Peter Gabriel – Games Without Frontiers)
Pultsarihumppa (Weezer – Buddy Holly)
Humppakostajat (Suede – The Beautiful Ones)
Humppaleski 45 (Police – Every Breath You Take)
Miinakenttähumppa (X-Perience – Magic Fields)
Humppasusi Ruotsissa (Frank Zappa – Bobby Brown)
Humpaten ympäri maailman (John Fogerty – Rocking All Over The World)
Humppamaratooni (Whiskey In The Jar)
Disc 2
Humppapommi (Rancid – Time Bomb)
Humppa (Cranberries – Zombie)
Dumpkopf (Troggs – Wild Thing)
Humppaa tai kuole (2 Unlimited – No Limits)
Savua Laatokalla (Deep Purple – Smoke On The Water)
Laakista humppa (Damned – Love Song)
Eläkeläiset (Spin Doctors – Two Princes)
Elän humpalla (Bon Jovi – Living On A Prayer)
Humppaan itsekseni (Billy Idol – Dancing With Myself)
Sortohumppa (J.M.K.E. – Tere Perestroika)
Sorvarin humppa (Motörhead – Ace Of Spades)
Pyjamahumppa (Roxette – Sleeping In My Car)
Ryhtivaliohumppa (ZZ Top – Sharp Dressed Man)
Kuka humpan seisauttaa? (Creedence Clearwater Revival – Who'll Stop The Rain)
Aamupalahumppa (Suzanne Vega – Tom's Diner)
Humppaleka (Elvis Presley – Viva Las Vegas)
Pöpi (22-Pistepirkko – Birdy)
Heil humppa (Kim Wilde – Kids In America)
Kahvipakettihumppa (Neil Young – Rocking In The Free World)
Dementikon keppihumppa (Kiss – I Was Made For Loving You)
Humppalaki (Judas Priest – Breaking The Law)
Kiping kapin, mä riennän alkoon (Led Zeppelin – Living Loving Maid)
Humppaukaasi (Queen – We Will Rock You)
Jääkärihumppa (Europe – Final Countdown)
Poro (Kraftwerk – Robots)
Astuva humppa (Nancy Sinatra – These Boots Are Made For Walking)
Lumpiohumppa (The Who – My Generation)
Also two 'hidden' tracks: Poterohumppa (Cyndi Lauper – She Bop) and En saa millään humpatuksi (Rolling Stones – I Can't Get No Satisfaction)
References
The official home page of Eläkeläiset
Russian Eläkeläiset fanclub
Texts from this album
2000 compilation albums
Eläkeläiset albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humppa-Akatemia |
Tashi Namgyal Academy (TNA) is a public school in the Himalayan state of Sikkim in India. It was founded in 1926 by the late Sir Tashi Namgyal, KCSI, KCIE, the 11th consecrated Ruler of Sikkim. It is an autonomous English-medium, co-educational and residential-cum-day school.
The Founder
Sir Tashi Namgyal (Sikkimese: བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་; Wylie: Bkra-shis Rnam-rgyal) (26 October 1893 – 2 December 1963) was the ruling Chogyal (King) of Sikkim from 1914 to 1963. He was the son of Thutob Namgyal.
Namgyal was the 11th ruler of the Namgyal dynasty of Sikkim, succeeding his half brother Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal, who had ruled from February to December in 1914, till his death from heart failure. Born in Tibet and crowned by the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, he was a strong advocate for closer links with India.
He was married in October 1918 to Kunzang Dechen, and they had 3 sons and 3 daughters. The eldest son, Prince Paljor Namgyal, died in 1941 in a plane crash during World War II. On his death he was succeeded as Chogyal by his second son Palden Thondup Namgyal.
During his reign, he is known for land reform and free elections. He also favoured closer links between Sikkim, India and Tibet. Many people attribute his death to Indian agents.
About a decade after his death, his son Palden Thondup Namgyal, the incumbent hereditary Chogyal was formally deposed. Prime Minister Lhendup Dorji appealed to India to change the status of Sikkim from protectorate to statehood. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim was officially made the 22nd state of Indian.
Beginnings
Tashi Namgyal Academy was founded in 1926 by the late Sir Tashi Namgyal, K.C.S.I. & K.C.I.E., the eleventh consecrated Ruler of Sikkim. The present Academy was shaped out of Sir Tashi Namgyal High School which was affiliated with Calcutta University. As a High School it was headed by three headmasters at various times, Mr. C.E. Dudley was the first headmaster. He established the school in the military barracks used by troops of Sir Francis Younghusband in 1903. Mr. A.K. Sarkar took over from Mr. Dudley and Mr. K.L. Kapoor was the last headmaster in the line.
In 1956, Sir Tashi Namgyal took a decision to establish a public school in Sikkim. In April 1956, Mr. V.N. Langer, M.A (English), M.A. (Economics), LL.B. L.T., a Housemaster from Daly College, Indore was offered a post of Principal. He was entrusted with the task of organizing a new school and reorganizing the old one on modern lines, Mr. N.K. Rustumji, ICS, the then Dewan of Sikkim, was driving force in drawing out plans for a school which was to run on public school lines. Prince Palden Thondup Namgyal, second son of the Founder, along with Dewan N.K. Rustumji and Mr. V.N. Langer formed an excellent team to reorganize the school on public school lines, and they were the people who were the main architects of Tashi Namgyal Academy. A Governing Body for the administration, management and control of Sir Tashi Namgyal High School, Gangtok was constituted under the Chairmanship of Maharaja Kumar Saheb.
Plans were drawn up first for the additional buildings for the public school and work started on some of these in 1957. The school was blessed by the August visit of Prime Minister, Shri Jawaharlal Nehru on 1 October 1958 who left behind his impressive remarks as: "It is a pleasure to visit this school so delightfully situated, young as it is, it has already developed well and the boys are bright and attractive looking. All best wishes for its progress."
In addition to this the then Political Officer of Sikkim and Bhutan, Shri Apa B. Pant, too, visited this school on 25 October 1958 and left behind the following comments; "Whenever I visit this school, I see each time change-change for the better. I am sure that under able guidance of Shri Langer this school will develop into an institution where not only future citizens of Sikkim will learn to serve their country, but where sectarianism, communalism, bigotry, small mindedness, pursuit of power will have no place. Let us hope that this institution will guide the youth of Sikkim to become humane, compassionate and full of spirit of humanity and service and in short to follow Dharma."
The year 1959 was a landmark in the annals of the institution. On the auspicious occasion of the opening of the Annexe of Tashi Namgyal Academy, the main school building on 14 April 1959, His Highness Sir Tashi Namgyal outlined the reason for which the school was renamed as Tashi Namgyal Academy. He said, "In the past it has been difficult for children of poor parents to enjoy the advantage of the best possible schooling as they could not afford admission to the more highly organized institution in Darjeeling, Kalimpong and elsewhere. It has been decided, therefore, to build up an institution in Sikkim itself which would stand comparison with the best institution of its kind outside the country. This institution would not be a substitute for, but in addition to the normal type of High Schools that has been established in other parts of Sikkim. As, however, the standard of teaching would be of a higher level of a special nature, the institution being designated as an "Academy".
In course of time, when we also have been able to establish, in addition to the Academy the usual pattern of High School in Gangtok, the fees for admission to the Academy will be proportionately raised. But the Darbar will ensure that there will be ample scope for meritorious children of poor parents to gain admission to the Academy on the result of Competitive Scholarship Examinations.
Apart from the purpose, this academy will provide a higher quality of schooling within Sikkim itself, an equally important objective will be to impart a pattern of education particularly suited to special needs of Sikkim. Our patterns of education should, therefore, be so designed that students will be inspired with love of country and that from this love of country should arise also this view that we have chosen the new motto – for the Academy – "Service Through Knowledge". For it is their hope that the knowledge that will be imparted here will be directed, above all, to service, and such service must comprise, above all, service to country. The new school crest has been designed on the pattern of traditional Sikkimese Art. It portrays the sword that cuts away ignorance, symbolizing knowledge, while the Mountains that form the background are the mountains of the motherland, the sacred peak of Khangchendzonga. And so, its crest too, symbolizes the spirit of the Academy, which is the seeking of knowledge not for its own sake, but for service to country and in the spirit of Sikkim’s culture and religious heritage.
"In opening this new Annex, I express my confident hope that Academy will in due course, rear citizens of whom Sikkim will have reason to be proud, that it will grow in stature and gain in luster as the cradle of Sikkim’s future generations and so the molder of her destiny."
Maharaja Kumar Palden Thondup Namgyal, the Chairman of the Governing Body, on the occasion of the opening of the Annex said, "The Principal objective of the Darbar has been to provide education that will be consistent both with the culture, heritage and economic conditions of Sikkim. So that youths of Sikkim may grow into people with love for one’s country and heritage and useful citizens of Sikkim".
On 26 May 1959, the Rules concerning Departmental procedures of the Academy and on 24 December 1959 Financial and Administrative Powers of the Principal were defined. With the additional buildings and a defined campus, the Junior Section was started with classes from Kindergarten to class III. Increase in students roll necessitated another hostel in the two-storied building then known as Northern Block, half for Nepali boarders and half for Bhutia-Lepcha boarders with a dining hall at the site now occupied by Science Block with separate kitchens for Nepali and Bhutia-Lepcha boys. The old junior school block where Lower Kindergarten classes were held then served as the Hall with a capacity of approximately 300 people with a low stage.
In October 1961, the Auditorium was opened with a seating capacity of 600 built at a cost of Rs. 3 Lakhs. The same year the school was upgraded to the Higher Secondary Level (Class XI) and the first batch passed out in 1964. In May 1964, another New Hostel was added across the Football field (the present Boys’ Hostel), the campus was demarcated with two main gates, the upper Gate and the Main Lower Gate, and both built in traditional Sikkimese architecture.
In 1964 the idea of reorganizing Tashi Namgyal Academy on public school lines as coeducational institution was implemented. It was decided to have in the beginning only seven classes starting from Kindergarten to VI as the highest class and then to go on adding one higher class every year till it reached class XI, the Final School Certificate Stage. This policy, it was hoped, would enable to build up an institution in which even through medium of instruction and the first language English it would remain Sikkimese in its tradition and culture.
It was decided to follow the outline approved for the Anglo-Indian schools. A school uniform had been designed and selection of textbooks done. The first prospectus was published in 1965 and admissions to various classes of the public school were declared open simultaneously. Posts of teachers were advertised in the leading newspapers and tenders for uniforms were invited from local dealers. In March 1966, Tashi Namgyal Academy was reorganized along Public-School lines with English as the medium of instruction and the first language. This idea led to the shifting of Sir Tashi Namgyal Higher Secondary School to the Development Area in Gangtok, along with approximately 14 members of teaching staff and majority of students especially from classes VII and above.
Facilities for all round development of the faculties through large variety of cultural activities were provided. There were hobbies such as painting, woodcraft, leather work, dance, drama, music, sewing, and knitting. The major games played were football, volleyball, badminton, table tennis, basketball, hockey, netball, baseball, and cricket. It is the only school in Gangtok to have a swimming pool at this altitude.
The school is also the only one to have an artificial turf after Paljor Stadium in Gangtok. The annual Inter House 3-day Track and Field sports meet is called the Mini Olympics and has the ceremonial lighting of fire too.
Some of the elder staff of Higher Secondary School who had been retained, gallantly rose to meet the pressing demands of the situation. Mrs. Langer, wife of the Principal, Mr. V.N. Langer, took over the responsibility of organizing the hostel and its routine so that it may be ready to receive the boarders when they come a day before the start of the session in March 1966. Altogether 130 students were on roll (both boys and girls), more than what was expected in the first year and more than what could be managed by the available staff. As days rolled by the staffing problem was solved to some extent. A new matron took over charge of the Hostel leaving Mrs. Langer free to devote herself to teaching work, two more teachers were appointed, one for additional section of K.G. class and the other to teach English to senior classes. A programme for weekly terminal tests also was drawn out and monthly and terminal reports made their appearance.
Aims and objectives
The institution aims to provide sufficient academic knowledge for a child to be able to meet the standards required to complete their college course without much strain. The child must possess a healthy disposition to life, a reasoning mind, and an attitude of service. They must not be divorced from the social order and show good sportsmanship, be creative, unselfish, and courageous. They should not be afraid of truth and justice and have sufficient pride for their country's culture and heritage. They should not be afraid to face unpopularity or to maintain an independent opinion. They should show friendliness, good manners, and temper their emotions, showing discipline and responsibility.
Campus
The school has a rectangular-shaped compound, measuring about bound by the National Highway (NH-10) to Nathula in the southwest and the road leading to Raj Bhavan in the northeast.
Starting from the Upper Main Gate down to the Lower Main Gate there is an open air-theatre, football ground, swimming pool, principal’s bungalow, three multi-storey buildings, 27 single and double unit staff quarters spread all over the school campus, two hostels for boys, one hostel for girls including hostel staff quarters, one kitchen and a hostel dining hall, a large auditorium with a capacity of 600 including a gallery, seven double/three-storey buildings for classrooms, Science Block (previously consisting of laboratories for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Home Science, now shifted to the new Annex Block since 2006), Common Rooms, Workshops and an Administrative Block.
There is one greenhouse for cultivation of orchids and rare species of plants and facing it is a children’s park. The school has a library with over 25,000 books. There are three athletic fields, one each for Football, Volleyball, Basketball and well laid out flower beds, sprawling lawns and green slopes spread all over the campus. It is adorned with pine and eucalyptus trees. The month of December sees the whole of campus turning pink with cherry blossoms.
House System
The House system at Tashi Namgyal Academy was introduced at the very inception to promote healthy competition amongst students. The House flags with their respective emblems were designed at a later date. The four Houses are Yuksam House, Zongri House, Phensong House and Karponang House.
Yuksam House
Yuksam House is named after the historical site in West Sikkim where in 1642 AD. three Lamas from Tibet; Lhatsun Namkha Jigme Namgyal, Kathoke Sampa Chenpo and Ngadak Rinzing Chenpo met and crowned the first Chogyal (Dharma Raj) Phuntsok Namgyal, in accordance with the prophecy by Guru Rinpoche.
Zongri House
Zongri House is named after a mountain top just on the way to the Khangchendzonga base camp from where the entire Khangchendzonga massif is visible. It also lies in West Sikkim. The meaning of the word is derived from the words -'Zong' meaning fort and 'Ri' -meaning Hill.
Phensong House
Phensong House is named after a place on the way to Mangan, the District Headquarters of North Sikkim. The word is derived from the words phen − meaning benefit and song meaning excellence. The Monastery at Phensong attracts many visitors.
Karponang House
Karponang House is named after a place in East Sikkim on the way to the Nathula Pass. The original place name, according to its local history, is derived from a distortion of Nang Karpo. During the Younghusband Expedition to Tibet of 1903–1904, on seeing a white-colored house a British officer exclaimed "Karpo Nang!" Karpo means white, and Nang means house, so this can be literally translated as white house.
Affiliation
The school is affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, New Delhi, established by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, UK, and prepares students for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (Class X) and the Indian School Certificate (Class XII) Examinations.
Notable alumni
Baichung Bhutia – former captain of the India national football team, Arjuna Award and Padma Shri awardee.
Prajwal Parajuly - Indian Author
Gadul Singh Lama - Indian writer of Nepali literature and Padma Shri awardee
Geetanjali Thapa - Actress
Lall Bahadur Das - Speaker, Sikkim Legislative Assembly
Karma Paljor, journalist and television news anchor
Nitesh R Pradhan, journalist and singer-lyricist
References
Boarding schools in Sikkim
Educational institutions established in 1926
Schools in Sikkim
Gangtok
1926 establishments in Sikkim | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashi%20Namgyal%20Academy |
The Undesirable Publications Act 1967 (UPA) is a Singapore statute which, according to its long title, prevents the importation, distribution, or reproduction of undesirable publications and for purposes associated in doing so. The Act, which was passed in 1967 empowers the Government of Singapore in incriminating and punishing both individuals and corporates that are involved in the sale, supply, exhibition, or distribution of obscene and objectionable publications.
Overview
The UPA looks after matters relating to the importation, distribution or reproduction of undesirable publications. Together with the Penal Code, Films Act and the Children and Young Persons Act, the UPA law also seeks to protect all persons, including children, from being exploited for pornography especially child pornography. Under the UPA, it may be a punishable offence to make, sell or distribute objectionable publications, including calendars.
Other than pornography, objectionable publication that may also fall under the jurisdiction of the UPA include those that offend racial and religious harmony on the island, e.g. hate speech. If a work concerns any race or religion in a certain manner such that feelings of enmity, hatred, or hostility were to be aroused, this very publication may be deemed objectionable as well.
Anti-colonial and Communist material were once banned by the UPA, but the ban has since been lifted after a review by the Media Development Authority (MDA). Review of gazetted publications are conducted in consultation with the Publications Consultative Panel, whereas 17 publications, mostly pornographic that still remain officially prohibited in Singapore may include:
All publications by Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society
All publications by International Bible Students Association
Playboy
Swank
Girls of Penthouse
Gallery
Elite
Penthouse
Men Only
Genesis
Playgirl
Velvet
Mayfair
Fiesta
Hustler
Knave
Cheri
A grey area of this law may be that of taking and keeping photos of oneself having sex. Taking photographs or videos of oneself having sex or of others without taking payment is not against the law, however, dissemination of such materials is an infringement of the UPA.
Uses of the Act
Janet Jackson's 2001 album All for You was banned under the UPA over sexually explicit lyrics in one of the songs "Would You Mind".
In 2004, Steve Chia of the National Solidarity Party was let off with a warning after being found in possession of an obscene film.
In 2008, Ong Kian Cheong and Dorothy Chan Hien Leng were charged under both the Sedition Act and Undesirable Publications Act for allegedly distributing evangelistic publication titled The Little Bride that cast Prophet Muhammad in negative light.
In 2015, the government lifted the ban of 240 publications, including the erotic novel Fanny Hill or anti-colonial books.
Taking part in an outdoor nude photo shoot may trigger the Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act instead of the UPA, as in the case of two tourists taking nude photographs at Sentosa in 2016.
In 2017, Singapore banned nine books from a Singaporean preacher.
In 2021, Cherian George's book, Red Lines: Political Cartoons and the Struggle against Censorship, was banned for reproducing materials that are offensive to religious feelings.
External links
References
1967 in law
1967 in Singapore
Singaporean legislation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undesirable%20Publications%20Act |
Since 2010, the NCAA has had a joint contract with CBS and Turner Broadcasting. The coverage of the tournament is split between CBS, TNT, TBS, and truTV.
Broadcasters from CBS, TBS, and TNT's sports coverage are shared across all four networks, with CBS' college basketball teams supplemented with Turner's NBA teams, while studio segments take place at the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City and Turner's studios in Atlanta. In the New York–based studio shows, CBS' Greg Gumbel and Clark Kellogg are joined by Ernie Johnson, Jr., Kenny Smith, and Charles Barkley of TNT's Inside the NBA while Seth Davis of CBS assists with Casey Stern and various NBA TV personalities. While two of Turner's NBA voices, Kevin Harlan and Ian Eagle, are already employed by CBS in other capacities, they also lend analysts Reggie Miller, Chris Webber, Grant Hill, and Steve Smith and secondary play-by-play man Brian Anderson to CBS. In turn, CBS announcers Jim Nantz, Brad Nessler, Spero Dedes, Andrew Catalon, and Carter Blackburn appear on Turner network broadcasts along with analysts Jim Spanarkel, Bill Raftery, and Dan Bonner.
The current contract runs through 2024 and, for the first time in history, provides for the nationwide broadcast each year of all games of the tournament. All First Four games air on truTV. A featured first- or second-round game in each time "window" is broadcast on CBS, while all other games are shown either on TBS, TNT or truTV. The regional semifinals, better known as the Sweet Sixteen, are split between CBS and TBS. CBS had the exclusive rights to the regional finals, also known as the Elite Eight, through 2014. That exclusivity extended to the entire Final Four as well, but after the 2013 tournament Turner Sports elected to exercise a contractual option for 2014 and 2015 giving TBS broadcast rights to the national semifinal matchups. CBS kept its national championship game rights.
Since 2015, CBS and TBS split coverage of the Elite Eight. Since 2016, CBS and TBS alternate coverage of the Final Four and national championship game, with TBS getting the final two rounds in even-numbered years, and CBS getting the games in odd-numbered years. March Madness On Demand would remain unchanged, although Turner was allowed to develop their own service.
Television
Notes
1960s
In 1962, ABC showed the NCAA Championship Game on a one-day delayed basis, as part of Wide World of Sports.
From 1969 to 1972, both the Consolation (3rd place) Game and the Championship Game were televised on Saturday afternoon as a doubleheader. In 1969 and 1970, Curt Gowdy and Jim Simpson reversed roles for the telecast; Gowdy called the title game and Simpson earlier called the "consy." In 1973, the final was moved to Monday night, and the consy was no longer televised. In 1982, the consy game was dropped altogether.
Prior to 1969, the NCAA Championship was never on live network television. However, the one-time rival NIT tourney had been on CBS for many years in the 1960s and well into the 1970s. Before the NCAA allowed conferences to receive multiple bids in 1975, the NIT fielded some high-quality tournaments.
1970s
In 1976, Dick Enberg and Billy Packer called the first game while Packer teamed with Curt Gowdy for the second game. For the Championship Game, Dick Enberg and Curt Gowdy called it while NBC used Billy Packer as a studio analyst.
The 1979 championship game between Larry Bird's Indiana State Sycamores and Magic Johnson's Michigan State Spartans to this day, remains the highest-rated game in the history of televised college basketball.
1980s
1982 marked the first year that the Selection Show was broadcast.
1987 marked the first year that CBS used the song "One Shining Moment" for its tournament epilogue.
In 1989, Lesley Visser became the first woman to cover the Final Four.
1990s
The 1990 Championship Game marked Brent Musburger's final assignment for CBS Sports as he was dismissed (under great controversy) just a day earlier (April 1).
CBS did not use a sideline reporter for the 1994 Championship Game.
2000s
In 2008, CBS' studio team did not travel to the Final Four site. Instead, Greg Gumbel, Clark Kellogg and Seth Davis remained at the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City.
Clark Kellogg replaced Billy Packer as CBS' lead basketball color commentator for the 2008–2009 college basketball season and called the 2009 NCAA Final Four.
2010s
Despite CBS' contract to carry the tournament until 2013, the NCAA had the option of ending the agreement after the 2010 championship. This led to speculation that ESPN would snag the rights to future tournament games. However, on April 22, 2010, the NCAA signed a 14-year agreement with CBS and Turner Broadcasting System worth more than $10.8 billion, allowing CBS to continue airing the entire regional finals through the national championship, with CBS and Turner splitting coverage of earlier rounds in the now 68-team field. After 2015, the regional finals will be shared and the Final Four and National Championship alternating between CBS and TBS.
In 2014, Turner introduced team centric alternate broadcasts during the Final Four, called Team Stream. The broadcasters were as follows:
David Steele/Mark Wise/James Bates Florida Teamcast on TNT
Eric Frede/Donny Marshall/Swin Cash UConn Teamcast on truTV
Rob Bromley/Rex Chapman/Dave Baker Kentucky Teamcast on TNT
Wayne Larrivee/Mike Kelley/Phil Dawson Wisconsin Teamcast on truTV
In 2015, the Team Stream broadcasters were as follows:
Tom Werme/Alaa Abdelnaby/Chris Spatola – Duke Team Stream on TNT
Brian Anderson/Mateen Cleaves/Shireen Saski – Michigan State Team Stream on truTV
Dave Baker/Rex Chapman/Michael Eaves – Kentucky Team Stream on TNT
Wayne Larrivee/Mike Kelley/Phil Dawson – Wisconsin Team Stream on truTV
In 2016 the Team Stream broadcasts were extended to the National Championship game. The Team Stream broadcasters were as follows:
Chad McKee/Eduardo Nájera/Jessica Coody – Oklahoma Team Stream on TNT
Scott Graham/Brian Finneran/Kacie McDonnell – Villanova Team Stream on truTV
Wes Durham/Brendan Haywood/Dwayne Ballen – North Carolina Team Stream on TNT
Tom Werme/Roosevelt Bouie/Donovan McNabb – Syracuse Team Stream on truTV
In 2017 there was no Team Stream. In 2018 the Team Stream broadcasters were as follows:
Matt Park/Jay Feely/Dr. Sanjay Gupta – Michigan Team Stream on TNT
Jeff Hagedorn/Jerry Harkness/Shams Charania – Loyola–Chicago Team Stream on truTV
Dave Armstrong/Scot Pollard/Rob Riggle– Kansas Team Stream on TNT
Scott Graham/Randy Foye/Kacie McDonnell – Villanova Team Stream on truTV
2020s
There was no coverage in 2020, due to the NCAA cancelling that year's tournament due to concerns about the coronavirus pandemic.
Expected announcer, subject to change.
See also
NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship#Television
Men's college basketball on television
Radio
National
See also
List of NCAA Women's Final Four broadcasters
References
Men's Final Four broadcasters
CBS Sports
CBS Radio Sports
Basketball on NBC
Broadcasters
Wide World of Sports (American TV series)
Hughes Television Network
Turner Sports | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20NCAA%20Division%20I%20men%27s%20basketball%20tournament%20Final%20Four%20broadcasters |
Southwest High School, Southwestern High School, or South Western High School may refer to:
Southwest
Southwest High School (El Centro, California)
Southwest Senior High School, San Diego, California
Southwest Miami Senior High School, Miami, Florida
Southwest High School (Macon, Georgia)
Southwest Magnet High School, Macon, Georgia
Southwest High School (Minneapolis)
Southwest Early College Campus, Kansas City, Missouri
Southwest High School (Kansas City, Missouri)
Little Rock Southwest High School, Little Rock, Arkansas
Southwest R-1 School District, Ludlow, Missouri
Southwest High School (Washburn, Missouri), Washburn, Missouri
Lincoln Southwest High School, Lincoln, Nebraska
Southwest Guilford High School (North Carolina), High Point, North Carolina
Southwest High School (Jacksonville, North Carolina)
Southwest High School (Fort Worth, Texas)
Southwest High School (San Antonio, Texas)
Green Bay Southwest High School, Green Bay, Wisconsin
Southwestern / South Western
Southwestern High School (Piasa, Illinois)
Southwestern High School (Hanover, Indiana)
Southwestern Junior-Senior High School, Shelbyville, Indiana
Southwestern High School (Kentucky), Somerset, Kentucky
Southwestern Senior High School (Baltimore, Maryland)
Southwestern High School (Michigan), Detroit, Michigan
Southwestern High School (New York), West Ellicott, Jamestown, New York
South Western High School (Hanover, Pennsylvania), Hanover, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest%20High%20School |
The 1999 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 21st edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It took place from in the State Hockey Centre in Brisbane, Australia. It was the third time in the history of the annual six nations tournament that the event was combined with the Women's Champions Trophy.
Squads
Head Coach: Terry Walsh
Head Coach: Barry Dancer
Head Coach: Maurits Hendriks
Head Coach: Shahnaz Sheikh
Head Coach: Kim Sang-ryul
Head Coach: Antonio Forrellat
Results
All times are Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10:00)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Awards
Final standings
References
Saqlain kashif
External links
C
C
1999
Champions Trophy (field hockey) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Caussin may refer to:
Armand-Pierre Caussin de Perceval (1795–1871), French orientalist
Jean-Jacques-Antoine Caussin de Perceval, (1759–1835), French orientalist, father of the previous one
Mike Caussin (born 1987), American football player
Nicolas Caussin, French Jesuit (1583–1651) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caussin |
The Montclair Art Museum (MAM) is located in Montclair, New Jersey and holds a collection of over 12,000 objects showcasing American and Native North American art. Through its public programs, art classes, and exhibitions, MAM strives to create experiences that inspire, challenge, and foster community to shape our shared future.
Since it opened in 1914 as the first museum in New Jersey that granted access to the public and the first dedicated solely to art, it has been privately funded.
Collection
The Montclair Art Museum (MAM) is one of the few museums in the United States devoted to American art and Native American art forms. The collection consists of more than 12,000 works. The American collection comprises paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and sculpture dating from the 18th century to the present. The museum's holdings of traditional and contemporary American Indian art and artifacts represent the cultural achievements in weaving, pottery, wood carving, jewelry, and textiles of indigenous Americans from seven major regions—Northwest Coast, California, Southwest, Plains, Woodlands, Southeast, and the Arctic; the work of contemporary American Indian artists is also represented.
The museum has the only gallery in the world dedicated solely to the work of the 19th-century American painter George Inness, who lived in Montclair from 1885 to 1894 and painted in the area. MAM's Inness paintings are, according to one critic, "the crown of the Montclair Art Museum's collection". The intimate George Inness Gallery displays selected works from the museum's 21 Inness paintings, two of his watercolors, and an etching by the artist. It also features the work of sculptor William Couper, who lived in Montclair for fifteen years while sculpting and for another thirty in retirement.
Artists represented in the collection include Tony Abeyta, Josef Albers, Milton Avery, Will Barnet, Romare Bearden, Thomas Hart Benton, Carl Borg, Margaret Bourke-White, Alexander Calder, Ching Ho Cheng, Thomas Cole, Willie Cole, Stuart Davis, Willem de Kooning, Richard Diebenkorn, Elsie Driggs, Asher B. Durand, Thomas Eakins, Lee Friedlander, Arshile Gorky, Marsden Hartley, Robert Henri, Winslow Homer, Edward Hopper, George Inness, Ben Jones, Donald Judd, Michael Lenson, Helen Levitt, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Longo, Whitfield Lovell, Man Ray, Thomas Manley, Knox Martin, Ma-Pe-Wi, Robert Motherwell, Dan Namingha, Alice Neel, Louise Nevelson, Tom Nussbaum, Georgia O'Keeffe, Sarah Miriam Peale, Rembrandt Peale, Charles Willson Peale, Philip Pearlstein, Maurice Prendergast, Oscar Bluemner, Ad Reinhardt, Mark Rothko, Morgan Russell, John Singer Sargent, George Segal, Ben Shahn, Lorna Simpson, Jaune Quick-To-See Smith, Joseph Stella, Kay WalkingStick, Andy Warhol, Max Weber, and James Abbott McNeill Whistler.
History
The arrival of the railroad in Montclair in the 1830s transformed a rural agricultural village into a prosperous suburban community, with a rail link to New York that was too expensive for the working class that traveled by street cars and trolleys. Montclair's arts community centered on landscape painter George Inness, who visited for several seasons beginning in 1878 and made it his home from 1885 until he died in 1894, when the New York Times described Montclair as "the home of more prominent artists and wealthy art connoisseurs, probably, than any other place in New-Jersey." Others had preceded him as early as the 1860s, when illustrators Harry Fenn and Charles Parsons commuted by rail to their New York City studios, just as Inness and others did in the decades that followed. They were year-round resident-commuters and varied in their stylistic approaches, unlike the impressionists that abandoned city life to gather for the summer in the "art colonies" at the end of the 19th century in Cos Cob and Old Lyme, Connecticut, and New Hope, Pennsylvania. Charles Eaton painted in a style much like that of Inness and Frederick Judd Waugh devoted himself to seascapes, while painter Henry Rankin Poore preferred a "workaday realism " in subject and texture of brushwork and his colleague Frederick Ballard Williams adopted a "more rough-hewn and turbulent form". Walter and Emilie Greenough worked as stained-glass designers in the studio of John LaFarge, who lived in Montclair for a time as well. Sculptors included Jonathan Scott Hartley, Inness's son-in-law, and William Couper.
The town created a Village Improvement Society in 1878, superseded by a Municipal Art Commission in 1908, to beautify Montclair and preserve the charm of a country town. The Commission's head was William T. Evans, an Irish immigrant dry-goods magnate who had acquired the Inness estate in 1900. Between the early 1880s and 1913, Evans amassed a collection of more than 800 American paintings, by far the largest collection of American art before World War I. In 1907, he donated several dozen works to the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C. (named "National Gallery of Art" at that time), and grew that number to 160 by the time of his death in 1918. In 1909, Evans offered to donate 26 oil paintings to the town of Montclair on condition that it provide a fireproof gallery space to house and display them. The proposal was defeated in a referendum in 1910.
In response to that rejection, on December 8, 1910, the Municipal Art Commission transformed itself into the Montclair Art Association and proposed to create and manage an art gallery without government support. Raising funds still proved difficult until another Montclair resident, Florence Rand Lang (1861–1943), agreed to bear most of the expense and her gift of $50,000, much of it for the purchase of the site, transformed the project from a gallery into a museum. She had arrived in Montclair from Massachusetts as a teenager in 1873. Her initial donation was the first of many that totaled more than $250,000 over the next thirty years, plus $200,000 in her will and more from her estate. She was heir to much of the Rand family fortune, amassed by her father Jasper Rand (1837–1909) and bachelor uncle Addison C. Rand (1841–1900), who together had founded Rand Drill Company in 1871.
Needing a dedicated structure to house the collections, museum trustee Michel Le Brun hired Albert R. Ross to design a neoclassical building. Ross had worked on several Carnegie libraries and the Pueblo County Courthouse (1908–12) in Colorado.
When the museum opened on January 15, 1914, it was the first museum in New Jersey that granted access to the public and the first dedicated solely to art. On the circular lawn in front of the museum's entrance, the founders placed a bronze sculpture by Hermon Atkins MacNeil, The Sun Vow, another gift from Evans. It remains there as a signature piece for the museum, blending Native American and American themes. At its opening the museum had two collections gifted by its principal organizer, Evans, and its principal funder, Lang. Evans' donation of American art included 2 sculptures and 54 paintings, among them works by George Inness, Ralph Albert Blakelock, and Childe Hassam. Lang donated a collection of Native American art amassed by her mother, Annie Valentine Rand. The Rand Collection's several hundred objects included baskets, clothing, jewelry, and household items.
The museum's holdings have expanded by means of acquisitions and donations. In 1922, the museum invited Montclair residents to vote for their favorite among 25 works for acquisition. The museum's art committee overrode the winning work by the impressionist Daniel Garber and instead purchased a work by the comparatively avant-garde Arthur Bowen Davies, Meeting in the Forest (1900), a depiction of nudes in a landscape in the Symbolist style. In the 1930s the museum was less open to modernists, and in the 1940s it tried to counter that reputation by having works for its annual exhibit of local artists' work selected by two juries, traditional and modern, a procedure abandoned when artists objected to having to characterize themselves in such a fashion.
The building has since expanded along with the collection. The museum grew with additional gifts from Lang that allowed the front portico and mezzanine to be completed in 1924 and a new East Wing added in 1931 to house the Rand Collection. In the 1950s the high-ceilinged North Gallery was divided horizontally. The most recent renovation by architectural firm Beyer Blinder Belle in 2000-2001 added a new wing that doubled the museum's square footage.
To mark its 75th anniversary, MAM published Three Hundred Years of American Painting: The Montclair Art Museum Collection. It provided detailed entries for 538 paintings, detailed discussion of 32 of them, and a set of thematic essays. In 1999, MAM collaborated on American Tonalism: Selections from the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Montclair Art Museum.
In January 2009, the museum announced it had transferred most of its LeBrun Library to the Harry A. Sprague Library at Montclair State University, a public institution that accepts library cards from public libraries in Essex and Passaic counties.
On occasion, MAM has mounted exhibits that bridge its interest in contemporary and Native American art. A 2001-2 exhibit explored Albert Bierstadt's depiction of encounters between European settlers and Native Americans, using its collection of Indian art to create conversations with two monumental Bierstadt oils. In 2005, it presented "Roy Lichtenstein: American Indian Encounters" to explore a 20th-century American artist's fascination with and use of motifs from Native American art to critique their clichéd use by earlier artists. It included a Lichtenstein parody of Bierstadt, a variation on the Indian head nickel, and attempts to incorporate Indian symbolism into cubist and surrealist imagery.
MAM also features exhibits that highlight its region. It participates with other institutions and the New Jersey State Council on the Arts in New Jersey Arts Annual: Fine Arts, which develops juried exhibitions of works by local artists. For example, as part of that program, in 2012 MAM presented 13 works that explored technology and "sampling, appropriating and remaking older artworks" in an exhibit called "New Media: New Forms". In 2014, "Robert Smithson's New Jersey" explored how the artist's early exploration of the landscape and excavations near Paterson and Rutherford, New Jersey, inform Robert Smithson's later collages and land art projects. One critic wrote in The New Yorker: "This might seem like just more hopeful boosterism by a Garden State that exists in the shadow of a Big Apple, except that it’s true."
In 2009, the museum and the Baltimore Museum of Art organized the exhibition "Cézanne and American Modernism," with 131 items, including 18 works by Cézanne. In a news release, MAM called the show "the largest, most ambitious exhibition in the 95-year history of the museum." After appearing in Montclair, the exhibition traveled to the Baltimore and to the Phoenix Art Museum.
As its centennial year approached, MAM undertook a fundraising campaign to double its endowment to $20 million. It also mounted an exhibition of contemporary sculpture based on the gifts of New Jersey resident Patricia A. Bell over the last 20 years to underscore its commitment to the contemporary arts scene. To mark its centenary in 2014, on the anniversary date, it lit a new installation by Spencer Finch, Yellow, that filled the windows on the first level of the museum's facade with a soft glow that suggests someone is home, countering in some measure the formality of the architecture.
Other programs
The museum's educational programs serve a wide public, from toddlers to senior citizens. Collaborations with numerous cultural and community partners bring artists, performers, and scholars to the museum on a regular basis. MAM's Yard School of Art is a regional art school offering an array of classes for children, youth, adults, seniors, and professional artists.
In the summer of 2014, MAM launched a new community outreach program called the Art Truck, using an ice cream truck refurbished with funds from a grant from the Partners for Health Foundation. A pilot program in its first year, the Art Truck brought art instructors and supplies to conduct open studio art classes at sites in several New Jersey counties, including town pools, senior centers and assisted living facilities, local festivals, and farmers markets.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New Jersey
Notes
References
External links
Montclair Art Museum: official site
Montclair, New Jersey
Art museums and galleries in New Jersey
Museums in Essex County, New Jersey
Art museums established in 1914
1914 establishments in New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montclair%20Art%20Museum |
Cocytius antaeus, the giant sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Dru Drury in 1773.
Distribution
It is found from Brazil through Central America and into the southern parts of California, Texas, and Florida in the United States.
Description
The wingspan is 126–178 mm. Very rare in North America, it was once thought to be the only insect in the continent with a long enough proboscis to pollinate the similarly rare ghost orchid.
Biology
The larvae feed on Annona glabra, Annona reticulata, Annona purpurea, Annona holosericea and Rollinia membranacea.
References
External links
Sphingini
Moths described in 1773
Sphingidae of South America
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Dru Drury | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocytius%20antaeus |
South Hills High School can refer to:
South Hills High School (West Covina, California)
South Hills High School (Texas) in Fort Worth, Texas
South Hills Catholic High School, a former school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Hills%20High%20School |
Phonocentrism is the belief that sounds and speech are inherently superior to, or more primary than, written language or sign language. Those who espouse phonocentric views maintain that spoken language is the primary and most fundamental method of communication whereas writing is merely a derived method of capturing speech. Many also believe that spoken language is inherently richer and more intuitive than written language.
Some writers have argued that philosophers such as Plato, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Ferdinand de Saussure have promoted phonocentric views. Walter Ong, who has also expressed support for the idea of phonocentrism, has argued that the culture of the United States is particularly non-phonocentric.
Some philosophers and linguists, notably including the philosopher Jacques Derrida, have used the term "phonocentrism" to criticize what they see as a disdain for written language. Derrida has argued that phonocentrism developed because the immediacy of speech has been regarded as closer to the presence of subjects than writing. He believed that the binary opposition between speech and writing is a form of logocentrism.
Advocates of phonocentrism
The philosopher John Searle has argued that Plato expressed some skepticism about the value of writing relative to speech. The rhetorician and philosopher Walter Ong also believes that Plato was phonocentric. He argues that Plato had a clear preference for "orality over writing." and that Plato's belief in phonocentrism was both contrived and defended textually, and is therefore paradoxical.
Rousseau also held views that have since been characterized as phonocentric. He discussed the topic in Essay on the Origin of Languages. He believed that speech was a more natural form of communication than writing, which he viewed as a somewhat parasitic and unhealthy derivation of speech.
The linguist Leonard Bloomfield has also expressed the belief that spoken languages are the primary form of language, and that written languages should be viewed as derived from them. He argued that "writing is not language, but merely a way of recording language."
Saussure believed that speech should be treated as the primary topic of linguistics. He believed that writing was given too much attention in the field of linguistics. In Course in General Linguistics, Saussure argued that "language and writing are two distinct systems of signs." He believed that both systems influenced each other, but that writing could obscure language. He argued that writing obscures how pronunciation forms because of its influence on pronunciation. Saussure drew a distinction between phonetic languages and languages such as Chinese in which a single character represents a word. He believed that only phonetic languages cause problems for linguists.
Ong has argued that American society is particularly opposed to phonocentrism. He believes that one cause of this is the fact that written documents, such as the United States Constitution, form a key part of American national identity. He also notes that many Americans view the reality of words as defined by dictionaries rather than by vocal speech. He has stated, "We are so literate in ideology that we think writing comes naturally. We have to remind ourselves from time to time that writing is completely and irremediably artificial."
Ong believes that writing is necessary for transmitting knowledge in a technological culture. He maintains that speech should be viewed as primary because it is drawn from the unconscious while writing requires conscious attention: "Speech is structured through the entire fabric of the human person. Writing depends on consciously contrived rules." He also states that writing and speech are each privileged in specific ways, and that they depend upon each other for identification and clarity.
Derrida
Derrida believed that the fields of philosophy, literature, anthropology, and linguistics had become highly phonocentric. He argued that phonocentrism was an important example of what he saw as Western philosophy's logocentrism. He maintained that phonocentrism developed due to the human desire to determine a central means of authentic self-expression. He argued that speech is no better than writing, but is assigned that role by societies that seek to find a transcendental form of expression. This form of expression is said to allow one to better express transcendental truths and to allow one to understand key metaphysical ideas. Derrida believed that phonocentric cultures associate speech with a time before meaning was corrupted by writing. He saw phonocentrism as part of the influence of Romanticism, specifically its belief in a time in which people lived in harmony and unity with nature. Derrida did not believe that there was any ideal state of unity with nature. He also argued that speech suffers from many of the same inherent flaws as writing.
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has characterized Derrida's opposition to phonocentrism as part of his campaign against "human egocentricity." Derrida points out that the expression of human views is often dominated by the voices of humans. He also noted that writing frees expression from the human voice and is more exterior and stable than speech. He believed that this makes it a more effective carrier of meaning. Randal Holme has argued that Derrida preferred writing because he associated it with "the construction of meaning and the creation of category."
Derrida identified the often perceived difference between the value of speaking versus writing as one of the key binary oppositions of logocentrism. He attempted to deconstruct this opposition by arguing that speech can be seen as derived from writing as easily as writing is seen as derived from speech. He wrote that societies often make determinations that unfairly casts writing as an inferior method of communication and self-expression.
Derrida insisted that the written word has its own value, and is likely not "the simple 'supplement to the spoken word.'" In Of Grammatology he uses this method of analysis to critique the views that Rousseau expressed in Essay on the Origin of Languages. Derrida argued that Rousseau's views were contradictory and often undermined his arguments.
Criticism
Searle has criticized Derrida's claims of historical opposition to phonocentrism. Searle believes that many philosophers, including Aristotle, Gottfried Leibniz, Gottlob Frege, and Bertrand Russell, have "tended to emphasize written language as the more perspicuous vehicle of logical relations." He argues that support for ordinary speech over written language only emerged in the 1950s with the advent of Ordinary language philosophy. He also contends that Derrida makes sweeping misinformed claims about the history of writing.
Geoffrey Hartman has also criticized Derrida's accounts of phonocentrism. He has argued that Derrida failed to provide an account of the historical forces that have influenced phonocentric and non-phonocentric cultures. Ong has expressed some agreement with Hartman's critique. Though he describes Derrida's view as "brilliant and to a degree serviceable," he believes that it "plays with the paradoxes of textuality alone and in historical isolation." Though Ong believes that it is impossible to separate writing from its pretext, he contends that "this does not mean that text can be reduced to orality."
See also
Graphocentrism
Phallogocentrism
Notes
Bibliography
Philosophy of language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonocentrism |
William Wolfskill (1798–1866) was an American-Mexican pioneer, cowboy, and agronomist in Los Angeles, California beginning in the 1830s. He had earned money for land in a decade as a fur trapper near Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he had become a Mexican citizen. This enabled him to own land in California.
Wolfskill was highly influential in the development of California's agricultural industry in the 19th century, establishing an expanded viticulture and becoming the largest wine producer in the region. One of the wealthiest men for his time, he expanded his holdings, running sheep and cultivating oranges, lemons and other crops. He is credited with establishing the state's citrus industry and developing the Valencia orange. It became the most popular juice orange in the United States and was the origin of the name of Valencia, California.
With his brother John Reid Wolfskill, in 1842 William bought a large parcel in the Sacramento Valley; they called this Rancho Rio de los Putos, later known as the Wolfskill Ranch. The brothers later divided this land, near what is now Winters, California. There John Wolfskill established orchards and vineyards. Three other Wolfskill brothers migrated to California, working first with John in the north.
History
Wolfskill moved to New Mexico in 1821, while the region was a province of Mexico called Santa Fe de Nuevo México. He spent ten years fur trapping in the New Mexico area, as the fur trade was highly lucrative and he could put together a stake for his future. In 1828 he became a naturalized Mexican citizen.
Wolfskill left Taos, New Mexico, in September 1830 with a party of mountain men that included George C. Yount. When they arrived in Southern California in early 1831 (using the trail Jedediah Smith had mapped across the Mojave desert), Wolfskill and Yount went to the coast to hunt sea otter. Wolfskill eventually returned to Southern California while Yount decided to go north, and the two parted company. Yount settled in the Napa Valley.
As a naturalized citizen of Mexico, Wolfskill was allowed to own land and bought a parcel where downtown Los Angeles later developed. He began to cultivate grapevines for wine. He eventually planted 32,000 vines on a 48-acre vineyard. Initially, he planted mission vines, which had been introduced by the Spanish missionaries. He expanded his plantings to include other varietals later.
In May 1842 Wolfskill was awarded a large land grant in that area that developed as Winters, California in what is now Yolo County. His younger brother John joined him, and they named the property Rancho Rio de los Putos, after a nearby creek. The name was derived by Spanish colonists from Lake Miwok puṭa wuwwe, meaning "grassy creek."
The property was later known as the Wolfskill Ranch. John Wolfskill established orchards and vineyards. Three younger Wolfskill brothers, Milton, Mathus, and Satchal, also migrated to that region, settling and working with John. He and William Wolfskill later divided this land, near what is now Winters, California in the Sacramento Valley.
By his death in 1866 in Los Angeles, William Wolfskill was producing 50,000 gallons of wine a year. He was, by far, the greatest producer of table grapes in California during the Mexican era. He has been ranked by historians as one of the three most important men in the history of California viticulture. Wolfskill's neighbor, friend, and business rival in the tiny pueblo of Los Angeles, was French immigrant Jean-Louis Vignes.
For his time, Wolfskill was one of the wealthiest men in Southern California. He owned large tracts of land throughout the region, which he used for everything from running sheep to cultivating orange groves. He developed the Valencia orange, which became the most popular juice orange in the United States and was widely cultivated in southern California. It was the origin of the name of Valencia, California.
Wolfskill is credited with developing and building the first schooner in California.
John Bidwell, another early American pioneer in California, notes Wolfskill in his memoir as among European Americans he knew in early Mexican Los Angeles:
Los Angeles I first saw in March, 1845. It then had probably two hundred and fifty people [referring to non-Native Americans only], of whom I recall Don Abel Stearns, John Temple, Captain Alexander Bell, William Wolfskill, Lemuel Carpenter, David W. Alexander; also of Mexicans, Pio Pico (governor), Don Juan Bandini, and others.
References
Further reading
External links
Mojave Desert.net: William Wolfskill biography website
California pioneers
American agriculturalists
American agronomists
American winemakers
American viticulturists
Land owners from California
1798 births
1866 deaths
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Kentucky
American emigrants to Mexico
Naturalized citizens of Mexican California
History of Los Angeles
History of Los Angeles County, California
History of Orange County, California
Orange production
Wine merchants
People from Madison County, Kentucky
People from Winters, California
People in 19th-century California
19th-century American businesspeople
19th century in Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Wolfskill |
The 2000 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 22nd edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It was held from in the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands.
Squads
Head Coach: Terry Walsh
Head Coach: Paul Lissek
Head Coach: Barry Dancer
Head Coach: Maurits Hendriks
Head Coach: Kim Sang-ryul
Head Coach: Antonio Forrellat
Results
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Awards
Final standings
External links
Official FIH website
C
Champions Trophy (field hockey)
2000
C | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Amphonyx duponchel, or Duponchel's sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Felipe Poey in 1832.
Distribution
It is found in tropical and subtropical lowlands in Cuba and the West Indies and from Bolivia, southern Brazil and Argentina to Venezuela, Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Mexico. It is also found in Florida and Texas, where it is rare.
Description
The wingspan is 110–150 mm, with the males being much smaller than the females. There are black discal dashes and a transverse, kidney-shaped, dirty white discal spot located on the forewing upperside.
biology
Adults are on wing year round. They feed on nectar at flowers.
The larvae feed on Guatteria diospyroides, Annona purpurea, Annona reticulata, Xylopia frutescens and Annona glabra and probably other Annonaceae species. They are very colourful.
References
External links
"Duponchel's sphinx (Cocytius duponchel)" Moths of North America. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
Amphonyx
Moths of North America
Moths of South America
Moths described in 1832
Taxa named by Felipe Poey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphonyx%20duponchel |
The Jagiełło Oak is the most noted of the Białowieża Forest oaks. The tree was blown down on November 2, 1974, at which time it had a circumference of at breast height and a height of ; it had large branches and a well-developed crown. The fallen trunk can still be seen in the Białowieża National Park.
King Władysław II Jagiełło is said to have rested beneath the tree before the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 – however at its death the tree is thought to have been no more than 450 years old, which would mean it did not begin growing until around 1524.
External links
Oaks in Białowieza Forest at Bialowieza.pl
The Jagiełło Oak in photographs
Pierwszy w dostojności między drzewami (The first among trees) at Białowieża National Park website
Individual oak trees
Landmarks in Poland
Natural monuments of Poland
Białowieża Forest
1970s individual tree deaths
Individual trees in Poland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagie%C5%82%C5%82o%20Oak |
Peter John Overton, (born 5 April 1966) is a British-born Australian television journalist and news presenter. He is currently the presenter for Nine News Sydney from Sunday to Thursday at 6 pm.
Early life and family
Born in London, England, Overton moved to Australia at age two after his parents returned home to the country. He grew up in Longueville, a suburb on the Lower North Shore of Sydney. He went to Lane Cove Public School and North Sydney Boys High School. He graduated with a Bachelor of Economics from Macquarie University. He also played the tuba whilst at Lane Cove Public School.
His father, Dr. John Overton, was an associate professor of anaesthesia at the University of Sydney and worked at The Children's Hospital at Westmead.
In the mid-1990s, Overton married his childhood sweetheart, but their marriage ended in divorce in 2000.
In mid 2001, Overton began dating then 10 News First presenter Jessica Rowe. Overton and Rowe married in 2004 and have two daughters.
Career
Overton joined the Seven Network in Adelaide during the 1980s and 1990s as a sport reporter.
Overton joined the Nine Network soon after as a reporter for Nine News and later was appointed weekend sports presenter on Nine News in Sydney and fill-in presenter for Ken Sutcliffe. He also filed weekday news updates from the newsroom during Brian Henderson's tenure as presenter of Nine News in Sydney.
Overton occasionally presented weekend news bulletins, and substituted on National Nine Early News and Today news for Sharyn Ghidella and on Nightline for Jim Waley. He also co-hosted Nine's coverage of the Thredbo disaster with Tracy Grimshaw.
He was a reporter for the current affairs program 60 Minutes for eight years and also held positions at 2UE, Sky News Australia and the Seven Network in Adelaide.
In January 2009, Overton was appointed presenter of Nine News Sydney replacing Mark Ferguson following poor ratings. Ratings did not improve in his first week, with Nine dropping to fourth behind then-leader Seven, the ABC and Ten. However, after years of steady progress, Nine would later regain the ratings lead in the Sydney market. He also presents the Sunday edition of Nine's Late News; the weeknight edition is presented from Perth by Michael Thomson.
Overton had a cameo role as himself in the 2011 Australian horror film The Tunnel, in the sci-fi film Pacific Rim Uprising as well as himself in Fast X.
Community roles
Overton is a patron of the MonSTaR Foundation, a charity raising money and awareness of motor neurone disease. He is an ambassador for Special Olympics Australia, a not-for-profit organisation that supports children and adults with an intellectual disability.
Overton is also a Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force as a specialist reserve public affairs officer.
References
External links
Peter Overton bio – 60 Minutes @ ninemsn
1966 births
Living people
Nine News presenters
Australian television journalists
60 Minutes (Australian TV program) correspondents
Members of the Order of Australia
People educated at North Sydney Boys High School
Royal Australian Air Force officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Overton |
Sea Scouts were a noise rock band, based in Hobart, Tasmania.
Biography
First incarnation
Following the split of his former band Mouth in 1994, Tasmanian musician Tim Evans began jamming with U.F.O. (Unlimited Friendly Objective) frontman Zach von Bamburger. Fusing the elements of thick, rough analogue guitar noise and hidden melodies, also aided by a drum machine, the duo recorded the $100,000 Dollar Mamal (sic) EP. Vocal and instrumental duties were shared by the duo on the polycarbonate-only pressing, as they were in live shows. Live shows were often chaotic affairs marked by loud feedback, repetitive rhythms and heavily distorted bass riffs.
Shortly after the release of the EP, Monika Fikerle became the band's drummer. Idiosyncratic, but contumelious with the band's minimal yet full sound, Fikerle played her kit with a complete absence of snare drum. Following a short tour of the mainland, Fikerle left the band and the band folded six months later.
Second incarnation
A year after parting company with von Bamburger, Evans restarted the band with bassist Alex Pope, reinterpreting old and composing new material with a drum machine. After several months of gigging, ex-U.F.O bassist Andy Hazel joined on drums, introducing snare and hi-hat to the previously more stripped-back sound. Later in 1996, Sara May Libero replaced Hazel on drums, continuing the band's use of (Moe Tucker style) stand-up drummers. This lineup recorded the band's first full length album Pattern Recognition, on four track cassette recorder and released via Chapter Music in 1997, on vinyl only.
In 1997, the band toured Melbourne and Sydney, supporting Pavement and, in 1998, Archers of Loaf before Libero was replaced by Fikerle, who re-joined the group to jam a newer set of songs.
Later that year the band recorded their second album, Beacon of Hope, released on the Unstable Ape label In the same sessions, the band re-recorded an intentionally cleaner, "less scabby" version of the Pattern Recognition album for CD release.
In 1999 a re-recording of two songs from the band's first incarnation were recorded, and the Word as a Weapon"/"Destroy Your Local McDonalds 7" was released on the Californian label Zum.
Further recordings were also made of a combination of old and new songs, which to this date have never been released.
Touring and breakup
In 1999 Sea Scouts embarked on a tour of North America and Europe, joining Ninetynine for shows in Eastern Europe.
Returning home later in 1999, it was decided that the band would play its final shows in Hobart, before a "grand-final" show at Melbourne's Corner Hotel on 18 February 2000.
Legacy
Evans, who made a number of cameos with Ninetynine, recorded with that band whilst on the 1999 tour. Shortly after Sea Scouts disbanded, he formed Bird Blobs in Melbourne. The Bird Blobs were active between 1999 and 2005, releasing an EP and two albums on Unstable Ape Records. After the Bird Blobs disbanded, Evans moved to New York City where he formed the bands Degreaser and Bogan Dust. Upon returning to Australia he formed Coconuts and filled in on vocals for Venom P. Stinger for a time. In 2016 he released the album Wretched Wings under his own name on the New York label Ever/Never.
Zach von Bamburger founded Mongoose, Monster Monster Monster and Ditchboss, and now plays in Go Genre Everything.
Monica Fikerle now plays drums with Love of Diagrams and bass with Baseball, both bands being based in Melbourne.
Alex Pope plays in Hobart black metal band Ruins.
Members
Tim Evans – vocals, guitar (1994–2000)
Monika Fikerle — drums (1995, 1997–2000)
Sara May Libero – drums (1996–97)
Alex Pope – bass, vocals (1996–2000)
Zach Von Bamburger – vocals, bass (1994–96)
Discography
Albums
Pattern Recognition – Chapter Music (CH15) (1 August 1997)
Beacon of Hope – Unstable Ape (PATSY003) (December 1998)
EPs
$100,000 Dollar Mamal – Independent (1996)
Singles
"Word as a Weapon" – Zum (ZUM005) (20 August 1999)
References
External links
MySpace website
Mess and Noise
Tasmanian musical groups
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups disestablished in 2000
Australian indie rock groups
Australian rock music groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Scouts%20%28band%29 |
Bogyoke Aung San Market (; formerly the Scott Market) is a major bazaar located in Pabedan township in central Yangon, Myanmar. Known for its colonial architecture and inner cobblestone streets, the market is a major tourist destination, dominated by antique, Burmese handicraft and jewellery shops, art galleries, and clothing stores. Bogyoke Market is a popular black market location to exchange currency. The market also has a number of stores for local shoppers, selling medicine, foodstuffs, garments and foreign goods. Moreover, it is the best place to make photo shoots with the ancient building. The market always closes on Monday.
History
Scott Market was built in 1926, late in the British rule of Myanmar, and although it is commonly believed to be named after James George Scott, the British civil servant who introduced football to Myanmar, it is actually named after the Municipal Commissioner of the time, Mr. Gavin Scott, a Scottish colonial official who was nearing the end of a 30-year career of involvement in administering the city. According to the Rangoon Gazette, Mr Scott himself was not very keen on the idea, but the Rangoon Corporation rejected a second proposal - to name the market "the Municipal Zegyi" - and voted unanimously to name it after him.
In 1940 a young Burmese nationalist called U Ba Hlaing proposed to change the name of the site to Mingala Market, the word mingala meaning "auspicious" in the Pali language. Against a background of growing demands for Burmese independence from British rule, he argued that "public institutions in Burma should have Burmese names". The late Mr Scott, he said, "had done nothing for the benefit of Burma" and was merely an Indian Civil Service bureaucrat paid a "fat salary" like so many others who had reached the end of his career. According to the report in the Rangoon Gazette, this sparked a heated debate within the Rangoon Corporation's Public Health and Markets Committee. One former colleague pointed out that Scott "had done more for the development of Rangoon than any other person", while another Burmese colleague who had worked with him, U Kyaw Zan, said he was "not only a very fine officer, but one of the nicest men one could meet". In the end, the proposal was defeated by three votes to two.
Much later, after Burmese independence in 1948, the market was renamed after Bogyoke (General) Aung San. A new wing of the market was added across Bogyoke Market Road in the 1990s.
The market structure is listed on the Yangon City Heritage List.
Gallery
References
External links
Bogyoke Aung San Market with plenty of pictures and videos
Yangon
Shopping malls and markets in Myanmar
Tourist attractions in Yangon
Jewellery districts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogyoke%20Market |
The generically named Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card (code named STP) is a central processing unit upgrade card sold by Apple Computer, designed for many Motorola 68040-powered Macintosh LC, Quadra and Performa models. The card contains a PowerPC 601 CPU and plugs into the 68040 CPU socket of the upgraded machine. The Processor upgrade card required the original CPU be plugged back into the card itself, and gave the machine the ability to run in its original 68040 configuration, or through the use of a software configuration utility allowed booting as a PowerPC 601 computer running at twice the original speed in MHz (50 MHz or 66 MHz) with 32 KB of L1 Cache, 256 KB of L2 Cache and a PowerPC Floating Point Unit available to software. The Macintosh Processor Upgrade requires and shipped with System 7.5.
Development of the card started in July 1993. The upgrade card was announced in January 1994 at the MacWorld Expo in San Francisco. Apple described the Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card as giving a performance increase of "two to four times" for general purposes, or "up to 10 times" for floating point intensive programs.
While the Macintosh Processor Upgrade did not plug into the LC Processor Direct Slot, due to power used and the space taken by the upgrade, LC PDS cards could not be fitted while the card was installed. This limited the usefulness of the Processor Upgrade Card, as internal ethernet, Apple IIe compatibility, video cards and other LC PDS expansion options must be removed.
The Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card can bring a 68k Mac, that can normally only go up to Mac OS 8.1, to be upgraded to Mac OS 8.6 or newer as long as the card is always in use. If the user turns off or disconnect the card, the machine will display a Sad Mac as newer versions of Mac OS aren't compatible with 68k processors. The Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card can only run up to Mac OS 9.1 as 9.2 onwards require a G3 Processor as a minimum.
DayStar Digital manufactured the Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card for Apple, sold the same card as their Daystar PowerCard 601-50/66 and also manufactured a Daystar PowerCard 601/100 which reached 100 MHz. After Daystar went out of business the 100 MHz model was manufactured and sold by Sonnet Technologies as their Sonnet Presto PPC 605.
Footnotes
Macintosh internals
Compatibility cards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh%20Processor%20Upgrade%20Card |
Cocytius lucifer is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1903.
Distribution
It is found in tropical and subtropical lowlands from Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, south through Venezuela to Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina and Ecuador.
Description
The wingspan is 140–160 mm.
Biology
Adults are on wing year round.
The larvae feed on Annona purpurea and Desmopsis schippii and probably other Annonaceae species. They are clear green and white or blue-green. The prepupa is green with a rose stripe down its back.
The adults polinate Ruellia humilis (Acanthaceae), Schubertia grandiflora (Asclepiadaceae), Caryocar brasiliensis (Caryocaraceae), Bauhinia holophylla Fabaceae), Inga vera (Fabaceae), Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae), Guettarda viburnoides (Rubiaceae), Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae) and Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae).
References
Moths described in 1903
Taxa named by Walter Rothschild
Taxa named by Karl Jordan
Moths of North America
Moths of South America
Sphingidae | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocytius%20lucifer |
The 2000 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 8th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy for women. It was held from 26 May to 3 June 2000 in Amstelveen, Netherlands. It was held simultaneously with the men's tournament, just like the year before in Brisbane, Australia. From this year on the tournament began to be held annually until the 2014 edition due to the introduction of the World League.
The Netherlands won the tournament after 7 years for the second time after defeating Germany 3–2 in the final, ending with Australia's winning streak of 5 consecutive titles in 9 years.
Teams
The participating teams were determined by International Hockey Federation (FIH):
(defending champions, champions of 1998 World Cup and 1996 Summer Olympics)
(host nation)
(third in 1998 World Cup)
(fourth in 1998 World Cup)
(sixth in 1998 World Cup)
(seventh in 1998 World Cup)
Squads
Head Coach: Sergio Vigil
Head coach: Ric Charlesworth
Head Coach: Berti Rauth
Head Coach: Tom van 't Hek
Head Coach: Jan Borren
Head Coach: Gene Muller
Umpires
Below are the 9 umpires appointed by the International Hockey Federation:
Judith Barnersby (AUS)
Gill Clarke (ENG)
Renée Cohen (NED)
Marelize de Klerk (RSA)
Lyn Farrell (NZL)
Heike Malina (GER)
Alexandra Royaards (NED)
Gina Spitaleri (ITA)
Anne van Dyk (CAN)
Results
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Awards
Statistics
Final standings
Goalscorers
References
External links
Official FIH website
Women's Hockey Champions Trophy
Champions Trophy
Hockey Champions Trophy
International women's field hockey competitions hosted by the Netherlands
Sports competitions in Amstelveen
Hockey Champions Trophy Women
Hockey Champions Trophy Women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Women%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Stabekk is a suburban centre in the municipality of Bærum, Norway, west of Oslo. It is predominantly a residential area, with many residents commuting to Oslo. As of 2005 the population was 6,261.
Bærum has the highest income per capita and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals in Norway. It is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas, leading residents to be frequently stereotyped as snobs in Norwegian popular culture. The area has some of the most conservative populace in Norway
Stabekk has a commercial district, roughly divided into Øvre (Upper) Stabekk and Nedre (Lower) Stabekk, separated by a hill. There are a number of retail shops in both these sections as well as a commuter railway station served by Drammenbanen. Stabekk also has a bandy field, a primary school, an upper-secondary school, a cinema, and a tennis club.
The campus of the Norwegian Teachers College for Home Economics is on the architectural registry .
The football team Stabæk I.F. originates from Stabekk, the name Stabæk being an archaic spelling, but the team has since relocated to Bekkestua. The bandy team of Stabæk I.F. is among the best in Norway. Stabekk Håndball is playing in the top-division in Norwegian Handball - Grundigligaen.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Stabekk include:
Jo Benkow (1924–2013), former president of the Norwegian parliament and Høyre leader (conservative party)
Christian C. A. Lange (1810–1861), historian
Ernst Sejersted Selmer (1920 – 2006), mathematician
Gallery
References
Villages in Akershus
Bærum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabekk |
Dolba is a monotypic moth genus in the family Sphingidae erected by Francis Walker in 1856. Its only species, Dolba hyloeus, the pawpaw sphinx, was first described by Dru Drury in 1773.
Distribution
The pawpaw sphinx ranges throughout the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, south to Florida and west to Wisconsin, eastern Oklahoma, and southern Texas.
Description
The wingspan is . While the pawpaw sphinx's cryptic coloration appears similar to that of certain Noctuid moths, such as the members of genus Catocala, the pawpaw sphinx's forewings do not overlap at rest, such that part of the abdomen remains exposed. The pawpaw sphinx can be distinguished from the rustic sphinx (Manduca rustica) by the former's smaller size and the absence of orange dots on the abdomen that the rustic sphinx exposes in flight.
Biology
Larvae of this species feed on pawpaw, as well as blueberries and deciduous hollies such as inkberry and winterberry.
References
External links
Sphingini
Moths described in 1773
Moths of North America
Taxa named by Dru Drury
Monotypic moth genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolba |
Angela Vautour (born April 10, 1960) is a former Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Beauséjour—Petitcodiac in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2000.
Vautour was elected in the 1997 election as a New Democrat, as part of a Maritime breakthrough for the party.
On September 27, 1999, Vautour crossed the floor to join the Progressive Conservative caucus. She stood for election as a PC candidate in the 2000 election, but was defeated by Liberal candidate Dominic LeBlanc. In 2004, she ran for the newly formed Conservative Party of Canada, but again was defeated.
Electoral record
References
External links
1960 births
Conservative Party of Canada candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick
New Democratic Party MPs
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Acadian people
Living people
Women members of the House of Commons of Canada
Women in New Brunswick politics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela%20Vautour |
Rheban is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based in southwest County Kildare, Ireland, near Kilberry. Twice winners of the Club of the year in 1996-1997, they competed in the senior championship in the 1940s, reaching the semi-final in 1945, and after winning the Junior and Intermediate championships in successive years in 1996-7. The club takes its name from nearby Rheban Castle.
Honours
Kildare Intermediate Football Championship: (3) 1942, 1970, 1997
Kildare Junior Football Championship: (3) 1940, 1969, 1996
Jack Higgins Cup (2) 1969, 1996
Kildare Senior Football League Division 3: (1) 1996
Kildare Senior Football League Division 4: (1) 1984
Dowling Cup (1) 2008
The Leinster Leader Junior Club Cup (4) 1995, 1998, 2002, 2007
Kildare Junior D Football League (1) 1996
Kildare Under-21 C Football Championship (1) 2014
Kildare Under-21 B Football Championship (1) 1999
Kildare Minor B Football Championship (1) 1996
Kildare Under-16 A Football Championship (1) 1997
Kildare Under-16 B Football Championship (1) 1995
Kildare Under-16 C Football Championship (1) 2012
Kildare Under-16 B Football League (1) 1995
Kildare Under-16 Div. 2 Football League (1) 2013
Kildare Minor Football League Div. 4 (1) 2013
Kildare Ladies Football Junior C Championship (1) 2013
Kildare Club of the Year (3) 1969, 1996, 1997
Bibliography
Kildare GAA: A Centenary History, by Eoghan Corry, CLG Chill Dara, 1984, hb pb
Kildare GAA yearbook, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1979, 1980 and 2000- in sequence especially the Millennium yearbook of 2000
Soaring Sliothars: Centenary of Kildare Camogie 1904-2004 by Joan O'Flynn Kildare County Camogie Board.
External links
Facebook page
Kildare GAA site
Kildare GAA club sites
Kildare on Hoganstand.com
Gaelic games clubs in County Kildare
Gaelic football clubs in County Kildare | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheban%20GAA |
Høvik is a suburban area in the municipality of Bærum, Viken, Norway, in the Oslo metropolitan area. Mainly a residential area, its population (2005) is 4,311.
It is normal to divide Høvik into two parts; Nedre (lower) and Øvre (upper).
Høvik has a church, a small shopping area and a railway station, Høvik Station, served by Drammensbanen. Flytoget (Airport Express Train) does not stop at Høvik. Nearby is the Henie Onstad Kunstsenter. There are three schools in Høvik: Ramstad Skole, Høvik Verk Skole and Høvik Skole. There are also some important businesses with offices in Høvik, e.g. DNV.
Høvik has beaches which can be crowded during the summer. This is a well-known recreation area all year round, attracting people from the whole of Bærum.
Høvik IF has sections for alpine skiing, bandy, association football and jogging. They play in Norwegian Bandy Premier League. In 2016 the men's team reached the quarter-final and the women's team the final.
References
Villages in Viken (county)
Bærum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8vik |
Stanley Edward Lane-Poole (18 December 1854 – 29 December 1931) was a British orientalist and archaeologist. Poole was from a famous orientalist family as his paternal grandmother Sophia Lane Poole, uncle Reginald Stuart Poole and great-uncle Edward William Lane were famous for their work in this field. His other great-uncle was Richard James Lane, a distinguished Victorian lithographer and engraver.
Biography
Born in London, England, from 1874 to 1892 he worked in the British Museum, and after that in Egypt researching on Egyptian archaeology. From 1897 to 1904 he had a chair as Professor of Arabic studies at Trinity College Dublin.
He was married to Charlotte Bell Wilson from 1879 until her death in 1905. The couple had three sons and a daughter; his eldest son predeceased him while of his other two sons, Richard was a Royal Navy officer and Charles was a forester who did much work in Australia.
Bibliography
Books
Completed the First Book of the Arabic-English Lexicon, left unfinished by his uncle, E. W. Lane.
Coins of the Urtuki Turkumans, International Numismata Orientalia, part 2 1875
The Life of Edward William Lane (1877)
The People of Turkey (editor) (1878)
Lane's Selection From the Kuran (1879)
Egypt (1881)
Le Korân, sa poésie et ses lois (1882)
Studies in a Mosque (Cairo, February 1883)
Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt, D. Appleton: New York (1883)
Social Life in Egypt: A Description of the Country & Its People (1884)
The Life of the late General F.R. Chesney (editor) (1885)
The Story of the Moors in Spain (1886)
Turkey (1888)
Sir Richard Church (1890)
The Speeches and Table-Talk of the Prophet Mohammad (1893)
The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions (1894)
Babar, Rulers of India series (1899)
History of Egypt in the Middle Ages (1901)
Medieval India under Mohammedan Rule, AD 712-1764 (1903)
Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1903)
The Story of Cairo (1906)
Life of Sir Harry Parkes with F.V. Dickins (1894)
Articles
Approximately 72 entries (up to 1901) in Dictionary of National Biography
Introduction to 1913 edition of Richard Francis Burton (1856), Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Meccah , 3 volumes.
Edited
References
External links
1854 births
1931 deaths
Artists' Rifles soldiers
British Arabists
British Egyptologists
British Indologists
British lexicographers
British numismatists
British orientalists
Employees of the British Museum
Historians of the Middle East
Lane family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Lane-Poole |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.