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Shore Fire Media is a public relations firm based in Brooklyn, New York that specializes in entertainment and popular culture. According to Variety, at 21 nominations, Shore Fire Media had the largest number of Grammy Award nods of any public relations firm for the 60th Annual Grammy Awards in 2018. In 2023, Shore Fire's clients had 43 Grammy nominations.
History
Shore Fire Media was founded in 1990 by Marilyn Laverty in a small office in Brooklyn, New York with one employee and two desks, and future company senior VP Mark Satlof as a consultant.
Laverty previously had worked for 13 years at Columbia Records, rising to become VP of publicity. In 2016, Billboard named Laverty one of the music industry's most powerful female executives in its annual "Women in Music" issue. She has had a long-standing relationship with musician Bruce Springsteen as his publicist.
While the company originally focused on the music industry, it later branched into a wider client base including venues, businesses, websites, books, and non-music events.
In 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019, The New York Observer named Shore Fire to its annual PR Power 50 List of the most powerful entertainment and media PR firms. In 2016, The Observer listed Shore Fire as New York City's top arts/culture/media firm, and was recognized again in 2023 for music and entertainment.
In 2013, Shore Fire opened an office in Nashville, Tennessee.
In January 2018, Shore Fire opened an office in Los Angeles, California.
In December 2019, the entertainment marketing and content development company Dolphin Entertainment acquired Shore Fire.
References
External links
Shore Fire Blog
Companies based in New York City
Public relations companies of the United States
Mass media companies established in 1990
American companies established in 1990
1990 establishments in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shore%20Fire%20Media |
Sebastián Iradier Salaverri (Salaberri) (20 January 18096 December 1865), or Sebastián Yradier, was a Spanish Basque composer.
Biography
Iradier was born in Lanciego, in the province of Álava. His publisher in Paris urged him to "universalize" his name, from Iradier to Yradier.
He is known primarily for his habaneras, especially the one titled "La Paloma", written around 1860 after a visit to Cuba. "La Paloma" was extremely popular in both Spain and the Americas (especially Mexico), where it was responsible for the great popularity achieved by the habanera. Radio Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) has estimated that there are more than one thousand versions of "La Paloma", and said that, together with "Yesterday" by The Beatles, it is one of the most recorded songs in the history of music.
Another of Iradier's compositions is "El Arreglito", a habanera used by Georges Bizet in his opera Carmen. Bizet, thinking it was a folk song, was inspired by the melody, and recomposed it as the aria "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle", also known as the "Habanera". When he discovered his mistake, Bizet added a note to the vocal score of the opera, acknowledging its source.
Iradier died in obscurity in Vitoria-Gasteiz in 1865.
References
External links
1809 births
1865 deaths
19th-century Spanish composers
19th-century Spanish male musicians
Basque composers
Spanish composers
Spanish male composers
People from Álava | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n%20Iradier |
A Choo Choo Bar is a brittle toffee liquorice-flavoured confectionery bar popular in Australia.
Available in a bar, packaged in a blue wrapper depicting an old steam train, ("The Choo Choo Funtime Express"), Choo Choo Bars were originally a Plaistowe product, acquired by Nestlé. They are now made by Lagoon.
There is also a raspberry-flavoured Choo Choo Bar.
Cultural context
The Choo Choo Bar is considered iconic.
Choo Choo Bars are considered to be part of the Australian folklife. Academic work refers to Choo Choo Bars in this manner referring to prior Federal Governmental inquiry outcomes:
They are considered to have an elevated status within Australian folklife, and are used when setting historical context.
Choo Choo Bars are used as a specific reference to make a point about Australian food, culture, or lifestyle.
History
Plaistowe released the original Choo Choo Bar in Western Australia, in the mid 1950s. In the 1980s, Choo Choo Bars became unavailable.
Lagoon Confectionery, a family business from Williamstown, bought the original Choo Choo Bar recipe and reissued it.
In the 1960s, the wrapper featured a little red steam train, the Choo Choo Express, being driven by a golliwog. Lagoon replaced the golliwog with a monkey.
Choo Choo Bars are considered to be perennial favourites by particular generations of Australians. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation used Choo Choo Bars as one of several key nostalgic items to promote the television programme The Baby Boomers Picture Show.
In literature
Choo Choo Bars are referred to in Australian literature, typically when profiling a character. For example:
If so... this is the answer
Pangea Volume One (Creative) Pangea and Almost Back
The Tin Moon
References
Further reading
Australian confectionery
Candy bars
Liquorice (confectionery) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choo%20Choo%20Bar |
A video signal generator is a type of signal generator which outputs predetermined video and/or television oscillation waveforms, and other signals used in the synchronization of television devices and to stimulate faults in, or aid in parametric measurements of, television and video systems. There are several different types of video signal generators in widespread use. Regardless of the specific type, the output of a video generator will generally contain synchronization signals appropriate for television, including horizontal and vertical sync pulses (in analog) or sync words (in digital). Generators of composite video signals (such as NTSC and PAL) will also include a colorburst signal as part of the output.
Types of video signal generators
Video signal generators are primarily classed according to their function. In addition, they may be classified according to the video formats and interface standard they support—one generator may generate composite analog signals (typically NTSC, PAL, or both), another may generate CCIR 601, and a third may generate MPEG streams over an ASI.
Many manufacturers sell signal generation platforms, which can be populated with multiple modules providing the above capabilities (and supporting different formats). Many such platforms also include audio generation capability (as television includes audio as well as video), supporting either embedded audio or standalone audio formats.
Test signal generators
A test signal generator generates test patterns, and other useful test signals, for troubleshooting and analyzing television systems. These devices are generally intended for off-line use (test patterns are seldom broadcast, unless a station is not operating properly or is off the air at the time), as they output complete television signals.
Examples of signals output by such a device include:
Color bars, one of several test signals used to verify the proper reproduction of a TV system's color gamut, and/or that a television signal or plant is compliant with the appropriate analog transmission standards
Flat fields, a signal consisting of nothing but a specific color (typically white, black, a shade of gray, or one of the primary colors (red, green, and blue) at maximum saturation). A red field is especially important in PAL applications, as it is the "red difference" portion of the chroma signal whose phase alternates every line; the red field should appear as a solid block of color, with no visible "bands" going across the screen.
Multibursts, sweeps, and pulse signals, used to test the frequency response of a television system
Ramp signals and staircase signals, used to check the voltage linearity of a television system
Crosshatch patterns, used to check and calibrate alignment, aspect ratio, convergence, and both vertical and horizontal linearity
The bowtie signal, used to check the relative (inter-channel) timing of a component video signal.
Some generators achieved a relative popularity, due to channels broadcasting test cards for long periods where no programming was scheduled. Patterns associated with Philips (PM 5540, PM 5552, PM 5544, PM 5644), Grundig VG 1001 (FuBk) SMPTE (Color Bars), or Snell & Wilcox (Zone Plate) generators are generally well known.
A few specialized signals are used in digital environments:
The PLL test signal is a pathological test signal used to stress the phase-locked loop of a serial digital receiver; this is done by outputting a bit pattern which, after passing through the linear feedback shift register used to scramble serial digital signals, resulting (with a high degree of probability) in a long strings of zeroes or ones, followed by a long string of the opposite polarity, on the digital (NRZI) signal; an issue which can cause poorly designed PLLs to unlock.
The equalizer test signal is another pathological signal, consisting of a long string of zeroes or ones, followed by a single bit of the opposite polarity. It can cause poorly designed cable equalizers to malfunction.
The SDI Checkfield signal, standardized by SMPTE RP178 (for SD) and RP198 (for HD), is a test signal which contains one of the above signals in the upper portion of the video, and the other in the lower portion of the video.
In addition, sophisticated signal generators may allow modification of the video timing, adjustment of the gains of the various components (including out of range), the introduction of jitter or bit errors (into digital signals), the introduction of motion, or other effects.
VITS inserters
A vertical interval test signal inserter, or VITS inserter inserts test patterns into the vertical interval of a television signal. Unlike test signal generators; a VITS inserter is used to insert the test signal into live programming, so that inline measurements of a transmission chain can be made while the chain is operational. (As the vertical interval is typically not visible on end-user televisions, this can be done without producing any artifacts noticeable to viewers). Since VITS signals can often be transmitted, it is also possible for a television station to receive its own on-air feed, and use the VITS to detect and troubleshoot problems in on-air transmission.
Sync pulse generator
A sync pulse generator (SPG) is a special type of generator which produces synchronization signals, with a high level of stability and accuracy. These devices are used to provide a master timing source for a video facility. The output of an SPG will typically be in one of several forms, depending on the needs of the facility:
A continuous wave signal
In standard-definition applications, a bi-level sync signal, often with a colorburst signal in facilities that have analog equipment. Typically, this is either in NTSC or PAL format. As the resulting signal is usually indistinguishable from an all-black television signal of the same format, this sort of reference is commonly known as black or black burst.
In some high-definition applications, a 'tri-level sync' signal is used instead. This signal is virtually identical to the synchronization signal used in component analogue video (CAV); and is similar to the synchronization signals used in VGA (the main difference being, in VGA the horizontal and vertical syncs are carried on different wires; whereas TLS signals include both H and V syncs).
Logo inserters
Logo inserters are devices used to insert a television station's logo, or other fixed graphics, into a live television signal. Often called a "Bug Generator."
See also
Video display controller
Philips PM5540
Telefunken FuBK
ETP-1
Test card
References
External links
Tektronix, Inc.A Guide to Digital Television Systems and Measurements
Tektronix, Inc. NTSC Systems Television Measurements
Tektronix, Inc. PAL Systems Television Measurements
Video Products, Inc. Usage of Video Test Pattern Generator
Philips TV Measuring Equipment, 1980
Film and video technology
Electronic test equipment | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video-signal%20generator |
Acmaeidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the subclass Patellogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Taxonomy
Listed as valid family in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) but this classification revised following the molecular phylogeny of Nakano & Ozawa (2007). Acmaeinae, including Erginus, was found to be paraphyletic. However, this synonymy was subsequently found incorrect, having been the result of contaminated samples, and Acmaea mitra and a related species, Niveotectura pallida form a well-supported clade outside of the Lottiidae, and Acmaeidae was re-established.
Genera
Acmaea Eschscholtz, 1833
† Marbodaeia Chelot, 1886
† Pseudorhytidopilus Cox, 1960
Rhodopetala Dall, 1921
Synonyms
† Guerangeria Cossmann, 1885 : synonym of † Marbodaeia Chelot, 1886 (preoccupied by Guerangeria Oehlert, 1881 [Bivalvia]; Marbodaeia Chelot, 1886 is a replacement name)
† Marbodeia [sic] : synonym of † Marbodaeia Chelot, 1886 (misspelling in Haber (1932) and others)
References
Forbes E. (1850). On the genera of British Patellacea. Report of the 19th meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science [Birmingham, 1849]. Notices and Abstracts of Communication. 75-76.
Lindberg D.L. (1981). Rhodopetalinae, a new subfamily of Acmaeidae from the boreal Pacific: anatomy and systematics. Malacologia. 20(2): 291-305.
Lottioidea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmaeidae |
The left wing lock is a defensive ice hockey strategy similar to the neutral zone trap.
In the most basic form, once puck possession changes, the left wing moves back in line with the defencemen. Each defender (including the left winger) plays a zone defence and is responsible for a third of the ice each. Since there are normally only two defencemen, this tactic helps to avoid odd man rushes.
With the reinforced defensive line, the centre and right wing forecheck aggressively. Often the forecheckers will try to drive the puck over to the opponent's right wing.
Under coach Scotty Bowman, the Detroit Red Wings began using "the lock" heavily during the 1994-95 NHL season, earning the Presidents' Trophy for the league's best record during the regular season. The following season Detroit was even more dominant, finishing one point short of the NHL record for most points in a season by a team. However, the system broke down during the playoffs each year, especially as they were frustrated by the neutral zone trap strategy employed by Jacques Lemaire's New Jersey Devils in the 1995 Stanley Cup Finals. It was not until 1997 that Detroit broke through and finally matched their regular-season success with a Stanley Cup championship.
Although "the lock" was made famous by the Red Wings and has been used to great success in their Stanley Cup runs in the past decade, they are not credited with inventing it. The "lock" was invented in Czechoslovakia to work against the dominant Soviet teams of the 1970s. A former assistant coach under Scotty Bowman, Barry Smith, was credited with seeing the left wing lock in Europe and bringing it back to the Red Wings.
The simplicity of "the lock" has made it popular at all levels of hockey and it is not uncommon to see it implemented in youth hockey.
References
Notes
Ice hockey terminology
Ice hockey strategy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left%20wing%20lock |
Eogastropoda was a previously used taxonomic category of snails or gastropods, a subclass which was erected by Ponder and Lindberg in 1997. It was one of two great divisions (subclasses) of the class Gastropoda, the snails. The other subclass of gastropods was the Orthogastropoda.
Eogastropoda were the more primitive of the two subclasses, representing a much older line of gastropods. This subclass contained all of the true limpets.
Orders
Orders within the Eogastropoda consisted of:
Patellogastropoda
Euomphalina (fossil)
Neomphalida
External links
Eogastropoda at palaeos.com
Eogastropoda at manandmollusc.net
Obsolete gastropod taxa
Mollusc subclasses
Taxa named by Winston Ponder | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eogastropoda |
was a Japanese actor, voice actor, narrator and the brother of voice actor Gorō Naya (1929–2013). He was a lifelong resident of Tokyo and was affiliated with Mausu Promotion at the time of his death.
Filmography
Television animation
1970
Akakichi no Eleven (Masada, Takeshi Kamioka)
1973
Samurai Giants (Tarobei Hatsuma)
1974
Urikupen Kyūjotai (Narrator)
1976
Dokaben (Hikaru Yoshitsune)
1977
Wakakusa no Charlotte (Night)
1978
Space Battleship Yamato II (Yasuhiko Yamada)
Galaxy Express 999 (Burudasu)
Future Boy Conan (Territ)
Lupin III: Part II (Aide, Kousuke Kindani, Stephan)
1979
Toshi Gordian (Barry Hawk)
1980
Tondemo Senshi Muteking (Sonny Yuki)
The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (Marcos)
Mū no Hakugei (Cold, Kaim)
Ashita no Joe 2 (Wolf Kanagushi)
1981
Urusei Yatsura (Hanawa)
Rokushin Gattai God Mars (Gira)
1982
Fairy Princess Minky Momo (Papa)
1984
Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs (Frantz)
Chikkun Takkun (Papa)
1985
Ninja Robots (Kegare Sanada)
Magical Star Magical Emi (Junichi Kazuki)
Lupin III Part III (Doron)
1986
Saint Seiya (Aquarius Camus)
Highschool! Kimengumi (Kyū Daima)
Maison Ikkoku (Kozue's Father)
1987
City Hunter (General)
1988
City Hunter 2 (Ishikawa)
Hello! Lady Lin (George)
1989
The New Adventures of Kimba The White Lion (Lamp)
Ranma ½ (Hyottoko/Ryuukichi)
1990
Tanoshii Moomin Ikka (Fredrickson)
1991
Anime Himitsu no Hanazono (Henry)
Three Little Ghosts (Chokkiri-san)
1992
Crayon Shin-chan (Enchou, Professor Gou)
Lupin the 3rd: From Siberia with Love (Duke Brown)
1993
Tico and Friends (Thomas LeConte)
YuYu Hakusho (Shinobu Sensui)
1994
Juuni Senshi Bakuretsu Eto Ranger (Nyorori)
Street Fighter II V (Dorai)
1997
Flame of Recca (Mori Kouran)
1998
Super Doll Licca-chan (Dr. Scarecrow)
The Mysterious Cities of Gold (Casper)
Tokyo Pig (Old Man)
1999
Kyoro-chan (Dr. Matsgeer, Inspector Nirami)
2000
Hidamari no Ki (Ushikubo Tohbei)
2001
Noir (Zellner)
Hikaru no Go (Honinbou Kuwabara)
Pokémon (Keith Basquiat)
2002
Asobotto Senki Goku (Kyuzou)
Jing: King of Bandits (King Cointreau)
Patapata Hikōsen no Bōken (Agenore San Bellan)
Mirage of Blaze (Ujimasa Hojo)
2003
Astro Boy (Dr. Pavlos)
Avenger (Metis)
2004
Destiny of the Shrine Maiden (Orochi)
Zatch Bell! (Dr. Riddles)
2005
Gallery Fake (Jimi)
Jinki:Extend (Genta Ogawara)
Black Cat (Maison Ordrosso)
2006
Black Jack (Old Man)
Pokemon Advance (Teira)
Ramen Fighter Miki (Toshiyuki)
2007
Oh! Edo Rocket (Goinkyo)
Emily of New Moon (Jimmy Murray)
Reideen (Furuki)
2008
Nogizaka Haruka no Himitsu (Ouki Nogizaka)
Mokke (Skeleton)
Lupin III: Sweet Lost Night - Magic Lamp's Nightmare Premonition - Jodan
2009
Umi Monogatari ~Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto~ (Matsumoto)
Guin Saga (Gajus)
The Book of Bantorra (Ganbanzel Grof)
Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood (Grumman)
One Piece (Haredas)
2010
Psychic Detective Yakumo (Hideyoshi Hata)
Durarara!! (Old Painter)
The Legend of the Legendary Heroes (King of Nelpha)
In Solitude Where We Are Least Alone (Akira's Grandfather)
Rainbow - Nisha Rokubō no Shichinin (Hayakawa)
2011
Digimon Xros Wars (Kotemon)
2012
Eureka Seven AO (Christophe Blanc)
2014
Knights of Sidonia (Old Man)
Theatrical animation
Golgo 13 (1983) (Bishop Moretti)
Nitaboh (2004) (Osyo)
Crayon Shin-chan series (1993–2014) (Enchou)
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva (2009) (Dr. Andrew Schraeder)
Fuse Teppō Musume no Torimonochō (2012) (Zanzo)
Original video animation (OVA)
FAKE (1996) (Leonard Henry)
Shamanic Princess (1996) (The Throne of Yord)
Batman: Gotham Knight (2008) (James Gordon)
Video games
Lunar: The Silver Star (1992) (Ghaleon)
Lunar: Eternal Blue (1994) (Ghaleon)
Grandia (1997) (Gadwin)
Panzer Dragoon Saga (1998) (Zadoc)
Jade Cocoon: Story of the Tamamayu (1998) (Kikinak, Wind Boss)
Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage (1999) (Foreman Bud)
Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box (2008) (Dr. Andrew Schraeder)
Galaxy Angel (2002) (Luft Weizen)
Way of the Samurai 4 (2011) (Kinugawa Onsen)
Chaos Rings II (2012) (Death)
Zero Escape: Virtue's Last Reward (2012) (Tenmyouji)
Etrian Odyssey Untold 2: The Fafnir Knight (2014) (Reischutz)
Fire Emblem Fates (2015) (Gunter, Anankos)
Fire Emblem Heroes (2017) (Gunter)
Tokusatsu
Jaguar-man (1967) (Taro Gingaker (Voice)/Jaguar-man)
Kamen Rider (1971) (Takeshi Hongo (Voice)/Kamen Rider Ichigo in episodes #9 - 10)
Robot Detective (1973) (Missileman (ep. 22))
Chojin Bibyun (1976) (Haniwarn (ep. 13))
Gekisou Sentai Carranger (1996) (XX Mileno (ep. 27))
Seijuu Sentai Gingaman (1998) (Wisdom Tree Moak (eps. 3 - 48, 50))
Juken Sentai Gekiranger (2007) (Sky Fist Demon Kata (eps. 1, 10 - 34))
Samurai Sentai Shinkenger (2009) (Ayakashi Nakinakite (ep. 13))
Dubbing roles
Live-action
William H. Macy
Homicide (Tim Sullivan)
ER (David Morganstern)
A Civil Action (James Gordon)
Psycho (Milton Arbogast)
Jurassic Park III (Paul Kirby)
In Enemy Hands (Nathan Travers)
Bobby (Paul Ebbers)
A Single Shot (Pitt)
Brad Dourif
Child's Play 2 (Chucky)
Child's Play 3 (Chucky)
Bride of Chucky (Chucky)
Seed of Chucky (Chucky)
Curse of Chucky (Chucky)
Ed Harris
The Firm (1999 Fuji TV edition) (Agent Wayne Terrance)
Milk Money (Tom Wheeler)
Apollo 13 (Gene Kranz)
The Truman Show (DVD edition) (Christof)
Gary Oldman
Batman Begins (James Gordon)
The Dark Knight (James Gordon)
The Dark Knight Rises (James Gordon)
24 (Christopher Henderson (Peter Weller))
The 36th Chamber of Shaolin (Hung Hsi-Kuan)
Another Stakeout (Tony Castellano (Miguel Ferrer))
Assault on Precinct 13 (1980 TV Tokyo edition) (Lawson (Martin West))
Awakenings (DVD edition) (Dr. Kaufman (John Heard))
Casualties of War (DVD edition) (Sergeant Tony Meserve (Sean Penn))
Dave (Dave Kovic (Kevin Kline))
Dead Again (Gray Baker (Andy García))
Dick Tracy (Mumbles (Dustin Hoffman))
Dragonheart (Lord Felton (Jason Isaacs))
Dragons Forever (Hua Hsien-Wu (Yuen Wah))
Explorers (1992 Fuji TV edition) (Mr. Müller (James Cromwell)) (Recorded on DVD)
The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec (Dieuleveult (Mathieu Amalric))
From the Earth to the Moon (Georges Méliès (Tchéky Karyo))
Garden State (Gideon Largeman (Ian Holm))
Ghostbusters II (Egon Spengler (Harold Ramis))
The Goonies (1988 TBS edition) (Francis Fratelli (Joe Pantoliano)) (Regular Version Recorded on 25th Anniversary DVD and Blu-ray, and Uncut Version recorded on 35th Anniversary Blu-ray)
Goosebumps (Mr. Matthews (Maurice Godin)) (Attack of the Mutant Parts I & II)
The Great Gatsby (1984 TBS edition) (George Wilson (Scott Wilson))
Harlem Nights (Sugar Ray (Richard Pryor))
Hawaii Five-0 (Elliott Connor (James Remar))
The Hunt for Red October (DVD edition) (Commander Bart Mancuso (Scott Glenn))
In The Heat of the Night (1983 TBS edition) (Harvey Oburst (Scott Wilson)) (Recorded on Blu-ray alongside the NET Dub)
Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1986 TBS edition) (Jack Bellicec (Jeff Goldblum)) (Recorded on Blu-ray)
Jurassic Park (Donald Gennaro (Martin Ferrero))
The Killer (Fung Sei)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (Eddie Carr (Richard Schiff))
Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1988 Fuji TV edition) (The Pig Killer (Robert Grubb))
Major League (DVD edition) (Roger (Corbin Bernsen))
Missing in Action 2: The Beginning (1988 TV Tokyo edition) (Lieutenant Anthony Mazilli) (Recorded on Blu-ray)
The Mummy (DVD edition) (Dr. Allen Chamberlain (Jonathan Hyde))
North by Northwest (1971 Tokyo Channel 12 edition) (Leonard (Martin Landau))
Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less (Robin Oakley (Nicholas Jones))
The Peacemaker (Vlado Mirić (Rene Medvešek))
The Pelican Brief (Thomas Callahan (Sam Shepard))
Police Story (1987 Fuji TV edition) (Superintendent Raymond Li (Lam Kwok-Hung)) (Recorded on DVD and Blu-ray)
Prometheus (Peter Weyland (Guy Pearce))
The River Wild (Tom Hartman (David Strathairn))
Scent of a Woman (Mr. Trask (James Rebhorn))
Stormbreaker (Alan Blunt (Bill Nighy))
Super Mario Bros. (1994 NTV edition) (Spike (Richard Edson)) (Recorded on Blu-ray)
Switchback (Jack McGinnis (William Fichtner))
Trouble with the Curve (Gus Lobel (Clint Eastwood))
Vegas Vacation (Clark Griswold (Chevy Chase))
West Side Story (1990 TBS edition) (Doc (Ned Glass))
Animation
Animaniacs (Ferman Flaxseed)
Batman: The Animated Series (Scarecrow)
Darkwing Duck (The Liquidator/Bud Flud)
Heathcliff and the Catillac Cats (Grandpa Nutmeg)
Iron Man (Century, Justin Hammer)
J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (Gollum)
Meet the Robinsons (Bud)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (Roger Radcliffe)
Rango (Spoons)
SpongeBob SquarePants (Squidward Tentacles, Mermaid Man, Patchy the Pirate, Flying Dutchman, Dirty Bubble, Man Ray, Painty the Pirate (season 1-2) Perch Perkins, Old Man Jenkins, King Neptune (seasons 1, 6), Bubble Bass (season 8) and Additional Voices (seasons 1-8))
The New Batman Adventures (Scarecrow)
Tarzan II (Zugor)
Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends (Sir Topham Hatt (succeeding Takeshi Aono) and Sir Lowham Hatt)
The Simpsons (Mayor Quimby (season 2, first appearance), J. Loren Pryor (seasons 1-2))
TUGS (Captain Star, Bluenose, Izzy Gomez, The Pirates and The Fuel Depot Owner)
X-MEN (Professor X)
Live-action and Animation
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (Psycho/Mickey Mouse)
References
External links
Official agency profile
1932 births
2014 deaths
Japanese male stage actors
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
Japanese theatre directors
Male voice actors from Tokyo
Mausu Promotion voice actors
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokur%C5%8D%20Naya |
DTO may refer to:
Data transfer object
Detailed Test Objective, an experiment to be performed by NASA in space
Download to own
Deodorized tincture of opium
Diluted tincture of opium
Disruptive Technology Office
Disney's Toontown Online
Driverless train operation
Drug trafficking organizations
Domestic terrorist organization
Denton Municipal Airport (IATA and FAA airport codes)
"D.T.O.": a song on Vision of Disorder (album), the self-titled debut by the American metalcore band
Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich (Monuments of Fine Austrian Music), a book series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTO |
Repli-Kate is a 2002 American sex comedy film from National Lampoon, directed by Frank Longo and starring Ali Landry, James Roday, Desmond Askew and Eugene Levy.
Plot
Max Fleming is a graduate student who has developed a powerful cloning machine for the egotistical Dr. Jonas. Jonas steals all the credit and leaves Max to toil in obscurity. One day, Max meets Kate Carson, a young and beautiful magazine reporter preparing a story on the cloning research at the university. During the interview, Kate accidentally cuts herself, and a few drops of her blood mingle with one of the cloning samples. Later that night, Max runs a test of the machine, and to his surprise he ends up with a replicant of Kate, which he names Repli-Kate.
Repli-Kate is fully adult (being exactly the same age the original Kate is), but she has no knowledge. Max and his roommate Henry thus set out to educate her, but with a male perspective. They want to turn her into the perfect woman: the beer-drinking, sport-loving, sexually aggressive girl of their dreams. She also becomes Max's girlfriend as result. However, when Max contemplates the resulting woman, he realizes that the girl of his dreams was Kate all along, not Repli-Kate.
Meanwhile, Dr. Jonas learns of the existence of Repli-Kate. He captures both her and the original Kate. He then decides to present the results of the human cloning in front of scientists from all over the world, with the aim of advertising "his" cloning machine. Max and Henry learn of Jonas's plan, and they formulate a rescue mission. Using a newly created Repli-Jonas, the pair are able to create enough confusion to save Kate and Repli-Kate.
Jonas and Repli-Jonas are sent to a cloning research lab as test subjects. Max inherits the university's cloning lab, and his cloning chamber brings him great fame and money. Max and Kate fall in love, as do Henry and Repli-Kate. Repli-Jonas manages to escape, and when Felix asks Max about what to do, he replies that Repli-Jonas is too dumb to go anywhere. The last image is Repli-Jonas, who is the new president. His discourse is just the word 'penis'.
Cast
Ali Landry as Kate Carson/Repli-Kate
James Roday as Max Fleming
Desmond Askew as Henry
Eugene Levy as Professor Jonas Fromer/Repli-Jonas
Kurt Fuller as President Chumley
External links
2002 films
2000s sex comedy films
National Lampoon films
2000s English-language films
Films about cloning
Films scored by Teddy Castellucci
American sex comedy films
2002 comedy films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repli-Kate |
Rogier Wassen (born 9 August 1976) is a Dutch tennis player who competed regularly on the ATP Tour primarily as a doubles player.
Wassen reached his highest doubles ranking on the ATP Tour on 10 September 2007 when he became World No. 24. The right-hander has won three ATP doubles titles. The Heineken Open in Auckland, New Zealand, in 2006 and 2007 teaming up with Andrei Pavel and Jeff Coetzee respectively. In 2007 he won the Ordina Open in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, again with Jeff Coetzee. In 2009, he reached the finals of the 2009 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships in Newport, Rhode Island, partnering with Michael Kohlmann.
He is nicknamed "Da Professor" by good friend and doubles partner Dustin Brown.
He returned in doubles at 2013 Marburg Open, in partnership with Artem Sitak, losing in the first round against Vahid Mirzadeh and Denis Zivkovic
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
Mixed doubles
ATP Career Finals
Doubles: 10 (5 titles, 5 runner-ups)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 9 (5–4)
Doubles: 50 (27–23)
External links
1976 births
Living people
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Dutch male tennis players
People from Roermond
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogier%20Wassen |
Frank Caeti (born August 11, 1973) is an American actor and comedian, known for his time as a cast member on the FOX sketch-series MADtv from 2005 to 2007. Caeti is also an alumnus of The Second City and Comedysportz in Chicago.
Early life
Caeti was born in Chicago, Illinois on August 11, 1973. He graduated from Standley Lake High School in Westminster, Colorado, and from Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. He trained at The Second City Training Center in Chicago and eventually became a cast member on a stage there.
Career
Caeti joined the cast of MADtv during the eleventh season as a featured cast member along with Nicole Randall Johnson, and was moved up to repertory cast member in season twelve. His contract was not renewed before the start of the show's 13th season.
Caeti has appeared in the films Bad Meat, UP, Michigan, The Lake House and Stranger than Fiction; has done multiple television commercials, and has worked as a sports correspondent for PGA Tour Sunday and Smash Tennis.
Caeti wrote the Wabbit episode Bugs Over Par.
Impressions on MADtv
Bob McGrath
Gerard Way
Jimmy Johnson
Miguel Sandoval (as D.A. Davoros on Medium)
Nick DiPaolo
Seth Green (as Chris Griffin on Family Guy)
Sylvester Stallone
Truman Capote
Zach Braff (as J.D.)
Tony Sirico (as Paulie Walnuts)
Recurring Characters on MADtv
Baby Joey, a baby who performs on-camera when his parents aren't looking or are too distracted to care for him.
Toby, a little kid who reports on adult news items, such as Mel Gibson's anti-Semitic and sexist remarks, Hollywood divorces in the mid-to-late 2000s, Michael Richards' racist rant at the Laugh Factory, and the controversy over steroid abuse in Major League Baseball.
Merlin Pebsworth, the host of a Discovery Kids' science show called Who'da Thunk?, showing kids the wonders of the modern science world and revealing disturbing personal secrets that are tangentially related to the lesson at hand.
External links
MADtv fan site
1973 births
American male television actors
American male television writers
Male actors from Chicago
Living people
Actors from Fort Collins, Colorado
American sketch comedians
Comedians from Illinois
Screenwriters from Illinois
Screenwriters from Colorado
Writers from Fort Collins, Colorado
21st-century American comedians
Colorado State University alumni
21st-century American screenwriters
21st-century American male writers
American writers of Italian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Caeti |
Chad E. Donella (born May 18, 1978) is a Canadian actor who has appeared in several movies and television shows. He married Holly Peel in 2007.
Life and career
He attended the Arts York Drama Program, in which he participated in such plays as Oedipus Rex, Waiting for Godot, and The Collected Works of Billy the Kid. He has performed at Toronto's Factory Theatre and the Markham Theatre. He also played bass for a time in a band called DAEVE. He has appeared in several movies such as Final Destination, The Long Kiss Goodnight, and Disturbing Behavior. In addition to his roles on film, he also obtained many parts on television, appearing in shows like The X-Files, Smallville, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, NCIS, Monk and Lost. In many of his roles he has portrayed teenagers and young men undergoing a crisis. Donella had a role as Officer Gibson in Saw 3D, which was directed by Kevin Greutert.
Filmography
Television
Film
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Male actors from Toronto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad%20Donella |
The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.
The clade Patellogastropoda is deemed monophyletic based on phylogenetic analysis.
Taxonomy
Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R. Lindberg, 1986, as an order, and was later included in the subclass Eogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1996.
2005 taxonomy
Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 designated Patellogastropoda, true limpets, as a clade, rather than as a taxon, but within included superfamilies and families as listed below. Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †:
Superfamily Patelloidea
Family Patellidae
Superfamily Nacelloidea
Family Nacellidae
Superfamily Lottioidea
Family Lottiidae
Family Acmaeidae Forbes, 1850
subfamily Acmaeinae Forbes, 1850
subfamily Pectinodontinae Pilsbry, 1891
subfamily Rhodopetalinae Lindberg, 1981
Family Lepetidae
Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
Family Neolepetopsidae
† Family Daminilidae
† Family Lepetopsidae
With the exception of calling Patellogastropoda a clade rather than an order, as was previously the case in Ponder and Lindberg, 1997 the taxon has not changed much, differing more in the arrangement of its content rather than in the overall composition. Bouchet and Rocroi omitted Ponder and Lindberg's suborders, and added in the superfamily Neolepetopsoidea.
2007 taxonomy
Nakano & Ozawa (2007) made many changes in the taxonomy of the Patellogastropoda, based on molecular phylogeny research: Acmaeidae is a synonym of Lottiidae; Pectinodontinae is elevated to Pectinodontidae; new family Eoacmaeidae with the new type genus Eoacmaea is established.
A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Patellogastropoda by Nakano & Ozawa (2007) and superfamilies based on World Register of Marine Species:
Note that the family Neolepetopsidae is not in the cladogram above, because its members were not genetically analyzed by Nakano & Ozawa (2007). However, two Neolepetosidae species Eulepetopsis vitrea and Paralepetopsis floridensis were previously analyzed by Harasewych & McArthur (2000), who confirmed their placement within Acmaeoidea/Lottioidea based on analysis of partial 18S rDNA. The Daminilidae and Lepetopsidae are also not included in the cladogram, because they are exclusively fossil families. All of these three families belong to superfamily Lottioidea.
Actual taxonomy based on data by Nakano & Ozawa (2007) with placement of the three remaining families (Neolepetopsidae, Daminilidae, Lepetopsidae) into Lottioidea is like this:
superfamily Eoacmaeoidea
family Eoacmaeidae
superfamily Patelloidea
family Patellidae
superfamily Lottioidea
family Nacellidae
family Lepetidae
family Pectinodontidae
family Lottiidae
family Neolepetopsidae
† family Daminilidae
† family Lepetopsidae
In 2007, two years following Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, Tomoyuki Nakano and Tomowo Ozawa referred to the order Patellogastropoda.
Description
Patellogastropoda have flattened, cone-shaped shells, and the majority of species are commonly found adhering strongly to rocks or other hard substrates. Many limpet shells are covered in microscopic growths of green marine algae, which can make them even harder to see, as they can closely resemble the rock surface itself.
The substance making up the teeth in the radula of limpets is among the strongest biological materials known, with a tensile strength about five times stronger than that of spider silk. The teeth are composed of goethite, an iron-based mineral, woven in a particular way into grouped 1μ thick bundles.
Many limpets create a home "scar" on the rock to which they always return between tides, the scar provides excellent protection from predators as well as helping to prevent dehydration during low tides. They adhere to the substratum via the adhesion/ suction of the stiffened foot against the rock surface to which it bonds each time with a layer of pedal mucus.
The majority of limpet species have shells that are less than 3 in (8 cm) in maximum length and many are much smaller.
Anatomy
The true limpets have an internal structure much like that of other members of Mollusca. Their diffuse nervous system is oriented around three principal pairs of ganglia—the cerebral, pleural (which are hypoathroid), and pedal—located in the animal's snout and surrounding its esophagus in a ring. The pleural and pedal ganglia each send a nerve cord back through the rest of the body, the pleural nerve cords and the pedal or ventral nerve cords (the latter are embedded in the foot musculature in Patellagastropoda). Just outside the pedal ganglia are each of the two statocysts (though see Bathyacmaea secunda as an exception to this rule). Like the keyhole limpets, the true limpets have retained both kidneys though in Patellagastropoda the kidneys both lie on the animal's right side and the further right of the two— the "right" kidney— is much larger than the other. The right kidney also has a sponge-like texture whereas the left kidney is essentially a small sac into which hang folds from the sac's walls. They do not have ctenidia, instead obtaining oxygen through a ring of gill lamellae that encircle the mantle just inside the shell edge and from the surface of the roof of the nuchal cavity which is exposed to air when the animal is no longer under water and which is covered in a network of blood vessels all of which eventually carry oxygenated blood and connect to the auricle through a series of veinlets on the animal's left side. Vestigial ctenidia have been adapted into osphradial patches (one on each side of the mantle cavity) with which the animal can "smell". Their low dome-shaped shell is able to withstand the forces of turbulent intertidal water. Inside, the head bears two tentacles, each with a tiny black "eye spot" at its base (limpets can sense light but cannot see images with these eyes). The heart lies within a pericardium and is composed of a single (morphologically left) auricle, a single ventricle, and bulbous aorta which sends blood to both the anterior and posterior aortae. It lies near the surface of shell on the left, and opposite it on the right are three tubules or "papillae" in a row: that of the left kidney, the anus, and that of the right kidney: all three exit near the same place on the right posterior side inside the mantle cavity.
Between these papillae and the heart lies the neural "visceral twist", a nervous condition called streptoneury or chiastoneury, which characterizes many molluscs and all gastropods whose ancient ancestor had an anus located posterior to its head but which now have it positioned much closer because of a change in the arrangement of the shell. In the evolutionary course of the relocation of the anus, the various ganglia posterior to the pleural and pedal ganglia had to conduct a twist— this means, for example, that the osphradium on the animal's left side is innervated through the right side of its body and vice versa. The condition is called streptoneury, but the phenomenon is known as torsion. In the Patellogastropoda, the twist is located directly behind (i.e., posterior to) the pleural ganglia; in other closely related groups (e.g., Zeugobranchia, Neritopsina, and Ampullariidae) the twist stretches backwards well into the visceral mass (digestive glands, intestines, gonad, etc.).
The digestive gland and interweaving intestine occupy most of the visceral mass behind the head. At the posterior ventral end is the large gonad organ which, when ripe, bursts and empties its gametes into the right kidney from which they are then expelled directly into the surrounding water. One theory of the function of the osphradia is to sense the release of such gametes by other nearby patellogastropods, triggering a corresponding release in any proximate opposite-sex animals of the same species (see diagram for additional anatomic information).
Distribution
Representatives of the true limpets are common inhabitants of rocky shores of all oceans, from tropic to polar regions.
Habitat
Some true limpets live throughout the intertidal zone, from the high zone (upper littoral zone) to the shallow subtidal, but other species live in deep sea and their habitat include hydrothermal vents, whalebone (baleen), whale-fall and sulphide seeps.
They attach themselves to the substrate using pedal mucus and a foot. They locomote using wave-like muscular contractions of the foot when conditions are suitable for them to graze. They can also "clamp down" against the rock surface with very considerable force when necessary, and this ability enables them to remain safely attached, despite the dangerous wave action on exposed rocky shores. The ability to clamp down also seals the shell edge against the rock surface, protecting them from desiccation during low tide, despite their being in full sunlight.
When true limpets are fully clamped down, it is impossible to remove them from the rock using brute force alone, and the limpet will allow itself to be destroyed rather than stop clinging to its rock. This survival strategy has led to the limpet being used as a metaphor for obstinacy or stubbornness.
Life habits
Feeding
Most limpets feed by grazing on algae which grows on the rock (or other surfaces) where they live. They scrape up films of algae with a radula, a ribbon-like tongue with rows of teeth. Limpets move by rippling the muscles of their foot in a wave-like motion.
In some parts of the world, certain smaller species of true limpet are specialized to live on seagrasses and graze on the microscopic algae which grow there. Other species live on, and graze directly on, the stipes (stalks) of brown algae (kelp).
Homing behaviour
Some species of limpets return to the same spot on the rock known as a "home scar" just before the tide recedes. In such species, the shape of their shell often grows to precisely match the contours of the rock surrounding the scar. This behaviour presumably allows them to form a better seal to the rock and may help protect them from both predation and desiccation.
It is still unclear how limpets find their way back to the same spot each time, but it is thought that they follow pheromones in the mucus left as they move. Other species, notably Lottia gigantea seem to "garden" a patch of algae around their home scar. They are one of the few invertebrates to exhibit territoriality and will aggressively push other organisms out of this patch by ramming with their shell, thereby allowing their patch of algae to grow for their own grazing.
Predators and other risks
Limpets are preyed upon by a variety of organisms including starfish, shore-birds, fish, seals, and humans. Limpets exhibit a variety of defenses, such as fleeing or clamping their shells against the substratum. The defense response can be determined by the type of predator, which can often be detected chemically by the limpet.
Limpets can be long lived, with tagged specimens surviving for more than 10 years. If the limpet lives on bare rock, it grows at a slower rate but can live for up to 20 years.
Limpets found on exposed shores, which have fewer rock pools than sheltered shores and are thus in less frequent contact with water, have a greater risk of desiccation due to the effects of increased sunlight, water evaporation and the increased wind speed. To avoid drying out they will clamp to the rock they inhabit, minimizing water-loss from the rim around their base. As this occurs chemicals are released that promote the vertical growth of the limpet's shell.
Reproduction
Spawning occurs once a year, usually during winter, and is triggered by rough seas which disperse the eggs and sperm. Larvae float around for a couple of weeks before settling onto a hard substrate.
Human use
Larger limpet species are, or were historically, cooked and eaten in many different parts of the world. For example, in Hawaii, limpets (Cellana species) are commonly known as ‘opihi, and are considered a delicacy; the meat sells for $25 - $42 a pound (454g). In Portugal, limpets are known as lapas and are also considered to be a delicacy. In Chile they are also called "lapas" but are so abundant that it's just considered a regular dish. Within Gaelic Scotland and Ireland, a limpet is known as a báirnach, and Martin Martin recorded (on Jura) limpets being boiled to use in a substitute for breast milk. In Ulleungdo, a Korean island, limpets are called ttagaebi () and are used to make ttagaebi-bap (limpet rice) and ttagaebi-kal-guksu (limpet noodle soup)
References
External links
Gastropod taxonomy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellogastropoda |
Cayuga Creek is a small stream in western New York, United States, with stretches in both Erie County and Wyoming County. The creek enters Buffalo Creek in the northwest corner of the Town of West Seneca in Erie County, just upstream from the New York State Thruway crossing. At that point, Buffalo Creek becomes the Buffalo River and flows into Lake Erie near Buffalo, New York.
The creek is named after the Cayuga nation, one of the constituent members of the Iroquois Confederacy.
Cities and settlements
The watershed of Cayuga Creek includes the towns of Alden, Cheektowaga, Elma, Lancaster, and Marilla in Erie County and the towns of Bennington and Sheldon in Wyoming County. Village centers along Cayuga Creek include Lancaster and Depew.
A sewage treatment facility in the Town of Cheektowaga discharges into Cayuga Creek upstream of Borden Road. Downstream from Borden Road the creek runs along the Indian Road landfill.
Parks and history
Cayuga Creek runs through the Lancaster Country Club and Como Lake Park in the Town of Lancaster. The Lancaster Country Club diverts some creek water for golf course irrigation. In Como Lake Park, the creek is dammed upstream of Lake Avenue. Farther downstream the creek is an important feature in Stiglmeier Park in the Town of Cheektowaga.
After Cayuga Creek flooded the Village of Lancaster twice in the early 1940s, protective dikes were constructed.
See also
List of rivers of New York
References
Rivers of New York (state)
Rivers of Erie County, New York
Rivers of Wyoming County, New York
Tributaries of Lake Erie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayuga%20Creek |
Dadeland Mall is a large enclosed shopping mall located in Kendall, Florida, in the Dadeland district. The mall, originally developed by the Joseph Meyerhoff Company of Baltimore, opened October 1, 1962 as a , open-air complex of 60 stores and services. The Dadeland South station is located just south of the mall. The mall features JCPenney, Macy's, Macy's Home Gallery and Kids, and Saks Fifth Avenue.
History
Originally an open-air center, the mall was anchored by Burdine's (spelled with an apostrophe at the time), and also boasted a Food Fair grocery, full-service Gray Drug and the Summit Restaurant, Lounge and Cafeteria (later known as The Forum). A Jordan Marsh anchor store was added to the west end, which opened in November 1966.
A massive construction project, initiated in late 1969, doubled the size of the mall by twinning it (leaving the huge Burdine's in the middle), and adding a wing of fully enclosed retail onto the east end. Moreover, the existing courts and concourses were fully enclosed and air-conditioned. Another feature of this expansion was the King of the Mall, an enormous Burger King (whose corporate headquarters were then located across from Dadeland on North Kendall Drive). This renovation project was completed with the opening of JCPenney, the mall's new east anchor store, in early 1971.
The mall attained notoriety as the site of a 1979 drug-related shooting spree during Miami's "Cocaine Cowboys" era. In broad daylight, two gunmen exited a paneled truck, entered a liquor store and gunned down two men, wounding the store clerk. The dead men were eventually identified as a Colombia-based cocaine trafficker and his bodyguard.
On December 3, 1981, a 13 month old boy was found behind the mall, after having gone missing four days earlier, around three miles away. His parents, Alfonso Jesus Arrubla, a former M-19 guerrilla turned drug dealer and his wife María Eugenia Delgado were shot in the head along with four others at their Southwest Dade townhouse.
A third expansion, undertaken in early 1983, added Saks Fifth Avenue and Lord & Taylor to the south-facing front of the complex. A food court had also opened, in the shuttered Pantry Pride (former Food Fair) supermarket, in late 1983.
From 1984 to 1987, a massive renovation project, orchestrated by architect Dick Johnson, had the aging animal statues and drop ceiling removed. Considered a new approach at the time, it modernized the entire mall.
The iconic seahorse statue was deliberately cut in half during a renovation and placed into storage. It was unable to be reassembled and scrapped.
The other modern smooth colored concrete animals and geometric slides were donated to Miami-Dade County and can be seen in Dante Fascell Park in South Miami and at the Miami-Dade County children's day care center play yard to the east of Jackson Memorial Hospital. In 2004 Lord & Taylor repositioned and shuttered their location entirely. It became Nordstrom that same year.
One of the unique trademarks of the shopping complex is the concrete tower with a giant "D" (for Dadeland) at the top. This local landmark was there from the beginning.
Today, Dadeland is managed by the Indianapolis-based Simon Property Group, who purchased 50% of the center in 1997. Morgan Stanley owns the other 50%. The anchors include Florida's largest Macy's (Macy's Florida's flagship store), as well as Macy's Home Gallery & Kids (the west end anchor), JCPenney, and Saks Fifth Avenue. Former tenants of the west end anchor space, currently occupied by the Macy's Home Gallery & Kids, were Jordan Marsh (1966–1991) and Burdines Home Store (1993–2005), which was eventually to be taken over by Mervyns with Dillard's as another bidder, but these stores didn't take over the space. Former tenants of the southeast end anchor space were Lord & Taylor (1983–2004) and Nordstrom (2004–2020).
Dadeland Mall's largest restaurant is The Cheesecake Factory.
The outer part of the mall, particularly the original main entrance, was featured in the 1985 Chuck Norris film Invasion U.S.A. The inside and outside of the mall was featured in the 1990 Alec Baldwin film Miami Blues. The mall has been remodeled since both of those films however. In the late 1990s, talks were underway about adding a second floor to the entire mall. This project would have doubled the mall's space plus add second-floor access to the anchor stores all of which already have second floors. This project was rejected.
On May 7, 2020, Nordstrom, which also maintains several additional outposts nearby, announced plans to shutter along with several additional locations as a direct result of pulling back because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several additional replacement tenants are in the midst of early on discussions.
On October 13, 2021, the AC Hotel Miami Dadeland opened its doors to guests. In collaboration with Simon and Concord Hospitality Enterprises and Marriott, the hotel was constructed with European design and flexibility in mind. In addition to the pool, lounge, fitness center, and artwork featured in their public spaces, the hotel offers flexibility with available meeting rooms and a 3,610 sq. ft. venue space.
Anchor stores
JCPenney
Macy's
Macy's Home Gallery and Kids
Saks Fifth Avenue
Apple Store
Location
Dadeland Mall is located between South Dixie Highway (US-1) and the Palmetto Expressway (SR 826) at its southern terminus where it meets US-1. It is also served by the Dadeland North Metrorail station, which has a pedestrian walkway connecting to the mall.
References
External links
Official website
Shopping malls in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Tourist attractions in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Shopping malls established in 1962
Simon Property Group
1962 establishments in Florida
Kendall, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadeland%20Mall |
Roy P. Drachman-Agua Caliente Regional Park is a regional park in northeastern Tucson, Arizona.
History
In 1984 Roy P. Drachman donated over $200,000 to Pima County towards the purchase of the property.
References
Parks in Pima County, Arizona
Geography of Tucson, Arizona
Tourist attractions in Tucson, Arizona | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua%20Caliente%20Regional%20Park |
is an anime television series created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino, and produced by Nagoya Broadcasting Network, Sotsu Agency, and Sunrise. The English adaptation of the anime is licensed by Bandai Entertainment.
The series premiered in Japan on Nagoya Broadcasting Network between April 7, 1979 and January 26, 1980, spanning 43 episodes. The English adaptation premiered in the United States on Cartoon Network's Toonami programing block between July 23, 2001 and September 12, 2001. Episode 38 was skipped due to the 9-11, and the show was removed after Episode 39. The final episode did premiere on Toonami's "New Year's Evil" special presentation. Animax Asia also broadcast the English adaptation across Southeast Asia and South Asia. The 15th episode, "Cucuruz Doan's Island" never aired in English.
Two pieces of theme music by Koh Ikeda are used for the episodes, one opening theme and one closing theme. The opening theme is , and the closing theme is .
Staff
Episode list
Footnotes
References
Mobile Suit Gundam
Gundam episode lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Mobile%20Suit%20Gundam%20episodes |
The Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts is a theatre, dance and world music venue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It helped to popularize the works of composers like Steve Reich and Philip Glass; the Center has also hosted shows by performers ranging from the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra to Ladysmith Black Mambazo.
The Annenberg facility was designed by Vincent G. Kling who also designed the Philadelphia Mint.
History
The Annenberg Center, founded in 1971, is a major cultural destination and crossroads in the performing arts, connecting Philadelphia regional audiences and the University of Pennsylvania through exposure to innovative human expression in theatre, music, and dance.
The Annenberg Center highlights the value of the performing arts by presenting world-renowned and emerging artists and companies who express adventuresome perspectives on contemporary issues, timeless ideas, and diverse cultures. By offering contextualization programs, featuring Penn faculty as well as experts from the artistic and business communities, the Annenberg Center promotes critical thinking among its audiences, creating uniquely rewarding arts experiences.
References
External links
gophila.com
Music venues in Philadelphia
Theatres in Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania campus
1971 establishments in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annenberg%20Center%20for%20the%20Performing%20Arts |
Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO) is a theory of interpersonal relations, introduced by William Schutz in 1958. This theory mainly explains the interpersonal interactions of a local group of people. The theory is based on the belief that when people get together in a group, there are three main interpersonal needs they are looking to obtain – affection/openness, control and inclusion. Schutz developed a measuring instrument that contains six scales of nine-item questions, and this became version B (for "Behavior"). This technique was created to measure how group members feel when it comes to inclusion, control, and affection/openness or to be able to get feedback from people in a group.
Description
These categories measure how much interaction a person wants in the areas of socializing, leadership and responsibilities, and more intimate personal relations. FIRO-B was created, based on this theory, as a measurement instrument with scales that assess the behavioral aspects of the three dimensions. Scores are graded from 0–9 in scales of expressed and wanted behavior, which define how much a person expresses to others, and how much he wants from others. Schutz believed that FIRO scores in themselves were not terminal, and can and do change, and did not encourage typology; however, the four temperaments were eventually mapped to the scales of the scoring system, which led to the creation of a theory of five temperaments.
Schutz himself discussed the impact of extreme behavior in the areas of inclusion, control, and openness as indicated by scores on the FIRO-B (and the later Element-B). For each area of interpersonal need the following three types of behavior would be evident: (1) deficient, (2) excessive, and (3) ideal. Deficient was defined as indicating that an individual was not trying to directly satisfy the need. Excessive was defined as indicating that an individual was constantly trying to satisfy the need. Ideal referred to satisfaction of the need. From this, he identified the following types:
Schutz composed a "Matrix of Relevant Interpersonal Data", which he called "The Elephant". Each area consisted of a smaller matrix of "act" and "feel" by "Self to Other" (Action), "Other to Self" (Reaction), and "Self to Self".
"Act" and "Feel" divided the rows, which were:
"Desired Interpersonal Relations (Needs)", which denoted "satisfactory relations" in each area;
"Ideal Interpersonal Relations" is what would correspond to "moderate" expressed and wanted scores;
"Anxious Interpersonal Relations" was subdivided into rows of "Too much activity" (covering high expressed scores) and "Too little activity" (covering low expressed scores); both being divided into "Act" and "feel".
The last row was "Pathological Interpersonal relations", which was divided into "too much" and "too little", yielding:
"Psychotic (Schizophrenia)" as Too Little/Inclusion; (There was no "Too Much/Inclusion")
"Obsessive-compulsive" as Too Much/Control and "Psychopath" as Too Little/Control; and
"Neurotic" as too much and too little Affection.
"Self-to other (action)" corresponded to the expressed dimension, and "Other to self (Reaction)" was the basis for the wanted dimension (though it is phrased in terms of what people do, rather than what we want them to do, which would be similar to the later Element B).
We thus end up with the six dimensions as follows:
Expressed Inclusion (eI): "I initiate interaction with others" (High: "outstanding"; low "shy")
Wanted Inclusion (wI): "I want to be Included" (High: "friendly"; low: "aloof")
expressed Control (eC): "I try to control others" (High: "authoritarian"; low: "absent-minded")
Wanted Control (wC): "I want to be controlled" (High: "submissive"; low: "rebellious")
Expressed Affection (eA): "I try to be close and personal" (High: "empathetic"; low: "cold")
Wanted Affection (wA): "I want others to be close and personal with me" (High: "needy"; low: "defensive")
Putting them together, Schutz came up with fifteen "Descriptive Schema and appropriate terminology for each Interpersonal Need Area":
In 1977, a clinical psychologist who worked with FIRO-B, Dr. Leo Ryan, produced maps of the scores for each area, called "locator charts", and assigned names for all of the score ranges in his Clinical Interpretation of The FIRO-B:
However, to continue not to encourage typology, the names (which were for clinical interpretation primarily) are generally not used, and Element-B test results usually total the E, W, I, C and O scores individually. In the derivative "five temperament" system, the different scores are grouped into their corresponding temperaments, and considered inborn types. One key difference is in the "high wanted" scores in the area of Control. A distinction is made between men and women, with men being "dependent", and women, rather than really being dependent, only being "tolerant" of control by others. This is attributed to "the stereotypical role of women in Western Culture", where they were often dependent, and have simply learned to tolerate control from others. This again, reflects FIRO's belief that these scores reflect learned behavior. In five temperament theory, no such distinction between the sexes is recognized, and high wanted scores in Control are seen as an inborn dependency need in both sexes.
Compatibility Theory
Another part of the theory is "compatibility theory", which features the roles of originator, reciprocal, and interchange.
Originator compatibility, involves possible clashes between expressed and wanted behaviors. The example given, is two people with high eC and low wC (aka "Mission Impossible" or "Autocrat Rebellious"). They:
"will both want to originate the behaviors associated
with the Control needs, and neither will want to
receive those behaviors. Both persons will want to
set the agenda, take responsibility, and direct and
structure the actions of others; neither will feel
comfortable taking direction. The result could be
competition or even conflict."
Reciprocal compatibility is (from another example given from Control), where high eC with low wC interacts with the opposite: low eC with high wC ("Openly Dependent", "Loyal Lieutenant", or "Abdicrat Submissive").
"there is a high degree of reciprocal compatibility because...
one will take charge; the other will be happy to let him or her assume the responsibility."
Interchange compatibility measures how much individuals share the same need strengths.
The example is two people with both high eA and wA ("Optimist" or "Overpersonal Personal-compliant"). They
"will be compatible because both will see Affection behaviors as
the basis of the relationship, and they will engage
each other around Affection needs."
(i.e. freely give and receive).
Further development
During the 1970s, Schutz revised and expanded FIRO theory and developed additional instruments for measuring the new aspects of the theory, including Element B: Behavior (an improved version of FIRO-B); Element F: Feelings; Element S: Self; Element W: Work Relations; Element C: Close Relations; Element P: Parental Relationships; and Element O: Organizational Climate. Since 1984, these instruments have been known collectively as Elements of Awareness.
Element B differs in expanding the definitions of Inclusion, Control, and Affection (renamed "Openness"), into an additional six scores to measure how much a person wants to include, control, and be close to others, and how much other people include, control, and like to be close to the client. "Expressed" is renamed "See" (current behaviors) while "Want" remains desired behaviors. Each of the three areas is split into "Do" (initiating interaction with others) and "Get" (the level received from others). Differences between See and Want scores indicate levels of dissatisfaction.
The original FIRO-B was sold to CPP, Inc. (now The Myers-Briggs Company), which also publishes the MBTI assessment, and FIRO Element B is owned by Business Consultants Network, Inc.
A third FIRO system, called FIRO-Space™ is being developed by Dr. Henry L. Thompson who developed the second one.
Correlations with MBTI
In a 1976 survey of seventy-five of the most widely used training instruments, the FIRO-B was found to be the most generally usable instrument in training. The popularity of the FIRO-B began to wane as the MBTI became one of the instruments of choice in business. Since FIRO-B uses completely different scales from MBTI, and was not designed to measure inborn "types," it is often used together with the MBTI by workplaces. Now the two are offered together by The Myers-Briggs Company.
Statistical correlation has been observed between FIRO-B and MBTI by John W. Olmstead, and also Allen L. Hammer with Eugene R. Schnell; and between Element B and MBTI by Dr. Henry Dick Thompson.
Citations
References
Human communication
Personality tests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20interpersonal%20relations%20orientation |
Myxococcus xanthus is a gram-negative, bacillus (or rod-shaped) species of myxobacteria that exhibits various forms of self-organizing behavior in response to environmental cues. Under normal conditions with abundant food, it exists as a predatory, saprophytic single-species biofilm called a swarm. Under starvation conditions, it undergoes a multicellular development cycle.
Colony growth
A swarm of M. xanthus is a distributed system, containing millions of bacteria that communicate among themselves in a non-centralized fashion. Simple patterns of cooperative behavior among the members of the colony combine to generate complex group behaviors in a process known as "stigmergy". For example, the tendency for one cell to glide only when in direct contact with another results in the colony forming swarms called "wolf-packs" that may measure up to several inches wide. This behavior is advantageous to the members of the swarm, as it increases the concentration of extracellular digestive enzymes secreted by the bacteria, thus facilitating predatory feeding. M. xanthus feeds on dead biomass of a broad range of bacteria and some fungi, discriminating live from dead cells, and causing cell death and lysis when required.
During stressful conditions, the bacteria undergo a process in which about 100,000 individual cells aggregate to form a structure called the fruiting body over the course of several hours. On the interior of the fruiting body, the rod-shaped cells differentiate into spherical, thick-walled spores. They undergo changes in the synthesis of new proteins, as well as alterations in the cell wall, which parallel the morphological changes. During these aggregations, dense ridges of cells move in ripples, which wax and wane over 5 hours.
Motility
An important part of M. xanthus behavior is its ability to move on a solid surface by a mechanism called "gliding". Gliding Motility is a method of locomotion that allows for movement, without the help of flagella, on a solid surface. Gliding Motility is also called A-motility (adventurous). In A motility, single cells move, resulting in a distribution with many single cells. M. xanthus have the ability to use a second type of motility. This motility is called Social motility, single cells do not move, but cells that are close to one another move. This leads to a spatial distribution of cells with many clusters and few isolated single cells. This motility depend on the presence of the Type IV pili and diverse polysaccharides.
More than 37 genes are involved in the A-motility system, which comprises multiple motor elements that are arrayed along the entire cell body. Each motor element appears to be localized to the periplasmic space and is bound to the peptidoglycan layer. The motors are hypothesized to move on helical cytoskeletal filaments. Gliding force generated by these motors is coupled to adhesion sites that move freely in the outer membrane, and which provide a specific contact with the substratum, possibly aided by extracellular polysaccharide slime.
S-motility may represent a variation of twitching motility, since it is mediated by the extension and retraction of type IV pili that extend through the leading cell pole. The genes of the S-motility system appear to be homologs of genes involved in the biosynthesis, assembly, and function of twitching motility in other bacteria.
Cell differentiation, fruiting and sporulation
In response to starvation, myxobacteria develop species-specific multicellular fruiting bodies. Starting from a uniform swarm of cells, some aggregate into fruiting bodies, while other cells remain in a vegetative state. Those cells that participate in formation of the fruiting body transform from rods into spherical, heat-resistant myxospores, while the peripheral cells remain rod-shaped. Although not as tolerant to environmental extremes as Bacillus endospores, the relative resistance of myxospores to desiccation and freezing enables myxobacteria to survive seasonally harsh environments. When a nutrient source becomes once again available, the myxospores germinate, shedding their spore coats to emerge into rod-shaped vegetative cells. The synchronized germination of thousands of myxospores from a single fruiting body enables the members of the new colony of myxobacteria to immediately engage in cooperative feeding. M. xanthus cells can also differentiate into environmentally-resistant spores in a starvation-independent manner. This process, known as chemically induced sporulation, is triggered by the presence of glycerol and other chemical compounds at high concentrations. The biological implications of this sporulation process have been controversial for decades due to the unlikeliness to find such high concentrations of chemical inducers in their natural environment. However, the finding that the antifungal compound ambruticin acts as a potent natural inducer at concentrations expected to be present in soil, suggests that chemically induced sporulation is the result of competition and communication with the ambruticin-producing myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum.
Intercellular communication
It is very likely that cells communicate during the process of fruiting and sporulation, because a group of cells that starved together form myxospores inside fruiting bodies. Intercellular signal appears to be necessary to ensure that sporulation happens in the proper place and at the proper time. Research supports the existence of an extracellular signal, A-factor, which is necessary for developmental gene expression and for the development of a complete fruiting body.
Ability to eavesdrop
It has been shown that an M. xanthus swarm is capable of eavesdropping on the extracellular signals that are produced by the bacteria it preys upon, leading to changes in swarm behaviour increasing its efficiency as a predator. This allows for a highly adaptive physiology that will have likely contributed to the near ubiquitous distribution of the myxobacteria.
Importance in research
The complex life cycles of the myxobacteria make them very attractive models for the study of gene regulation as well as cell to cell interactions. The traits of M. xanthus make it very easy to study, and therefore important to research. Laboratory strains of M. xanthus are available that are capable of planktonic growth in shaker culture, so that they are easy to grow in large numbers. The tools of classical and molecular genetics are relatively well-developed in M. xanthus.
Although the fruiting bodies of M. xanthus are relatively primitive compared with, say, the elaborate structures produced by Stigmatella aurantiaca and other myxobacteria, the great majority of genes known to be involved in development are conserved across species. In order to make agar cultures of M. xanthus grow into fruiting bodies, one simply can plate the bacteria on starvation media. Furthermore, it is possible to artificially induce the production of myxospores without the intervening formation of fruiting bodies, by adding compounds such as glycerol or various metabolites to the medium. In this way, different stages in the developmental cycle can be experimentally isolated.
The genome of M. xanthus has been completely sequenced. The size of its genome may reflect the complexity of its life cycle. At 9.14 megabase, it had the largest known prokaryotic genome until the sequencing of Sorangium cellulosum (12.3 Mb), which is also a myxobacterium.
Developmental cheating
Social cheating exists among M. xanthus commonly. As long as mutants are not too common, if they are unable to perform the group beneficial function of producing spores, they will still reap the benefit of the population as a whole. Research has shown that 4 different types of M. xanthus mutants showed forms of cheating during development, by being over-represented among spores relative to their initial frequency in the mixture.
Evolution
In 2003, two scientists, Velicer and Yu, deleted certain parts of the M. xanthus genome, making it unable to swarm effectively on soft agar. Individuals were cloned, and allowed to evolve. After a period of 64 weeks, two of the evolving populations had started to swarm outward almost as effectively as normal wild-type colonies. However, the patterns of the swarm were very different from those of the wild-type bacteria. This suggested that they had developed a new way of moving, and Velicer and Yu confirmed this by showing that the new populations had not regained the ability to make pili, which allows wild-type bacteria to swarm. This study addressed questions about the evolution of cooperation between individuals that had plagued scientists for years.
Very little is known about the evolutionary mechanisms present in M. xanthus. However, it has been discovered that it can establish a generalist predator relationship with different prey, among which is Escherichia coli. In this predator-prey relationship, a parallel evolution of both species is observed through genomic and phenotypic modifications, producing in subsequent generations a better adaptation of one of the species that is counteracted by the evolution of the other, following a co-evolutionary model known Red Queen hypothesis. However, the evolutionary mechanisms present in M. xanthus that produce this parallel evolution are still unknown.
Strains
Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622
Myxococcus xanthus DZ2
Myxococcus xanthus DZF1
Myxococcus xanthus NewJersey2
Myxococcus xanthus DSM16526T
Whole genome comparisons have indicated that M. virescens is the same species as M. xanthus. M. virescens was first described in 1892, so has precedence.
References
External links
Model Organism Database
John Kirby at the University of Iowa
Dale Kaiser Lab at Stanford University
Watching social behaviour evolve
Taxonomic Information for Myxococcus xanthus
Type strain of Myxococcus xanthus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Videos
Myxococcus xanthus preying on an E. coli colony
Myxococcus xanthus fruiting body formation
Myxococcus xanthus ripples – Predation
Predatory bacterial crowdsourcing
Myxococcota
Articles containing video clips
Bacteria described in 1941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxococcus%20xanthus |
Patrick Bristow (born September 26, 1962) is an American actor, comedian and director. He is best known for playing Peter Barnes on Ellen (1994-1998), and Patrick on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (2005-2008), and for the film Pain & Gain (2013).
Life and career
Bristow was born in Los Angeles. He appeared as Peter on Ellen. His TV guest-star roles include Seinfelds "The Wig Master", his recurring role as the Machiavellian Troy on Mad About You, and Larry David's choreographer on Curb Your Enthusiasm. He has also guest-starred on Malcolm in the Middle, Friends, CSI, The Minor Accomplishments of Jackie Woodman, The Larry Sanders Show, Head Case, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, and the animated series King of the Hill and Family Guy.
Bristow appeared as himself in episodes of both the UK and U.S. versions of the improvisational show Whose Line Is It Anyway? and on "Celebrity Apprentice." He is the stage show director and host for the Jim Henson Company's Puppet Up!, which combines comedic improvisation with puppetry, and which he co-created with Brian Henson.
Bristow has been nominated for a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award, a Los Angeles Stage Alliance Ovation Award, and took home a Back Stage West Garland Award for originating the role of Bob in The Breakup Notebook: The Lesbian Musical, which received the 2006 Ovation Award for World Premiere Musical.
His live show, Stuffed and Unstrung, was also nominated for a Drama Desk award in 2010 in the category of "Unique Theatrical Experience." Bristow is also an alumnus of The Groundlings, where he still occasionally performs improvisation comedy.
His film work includes Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery as a tour guide at Virtucon, the cult camp-classic Showgirls, So I Married an Axe Murderer, The Longest Yard, The Twilight of the Golds, Jimmy and Judy, and Pain & Gain.
In 2010, he appeared off-Broadway at the Union Square Theatre as director and stage host of the revamped "Puppet Up", renamed "Stuffed and Unstrung" (co-created with Brian Henson) for its New York debut.
Personal life
A Los Angeles native, Bristow is the third child of former performers Frank Bristow and Patricia O'Kane.
Coupled since 1994, Bristow resides in L.A. with his husband Andrew Nicastro, the former director of global production for Steven Spielberg's Shoah Foundation. The two were married in April 2010 in a ceremony in Old Greenwich, Connecticut, attended by friends and family.
Filmography
References
External links
1962 births
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
Living people
Male actors from Los Angeles
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
Back Stage West Garland Award recipients
American gay actors
Gay comedians
LGBT people from California
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Comedians from California
American LGBT comedians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Bristow |
Ronald Ray Cyrus (July 10, 1935 – February 28, 2006) was an American politician and public servant in Greenup County, Kentucky. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives for 11 consecutive terms, from 1975 until he retired in 1996.
He is the father of country music singer and actor Billy Ray Cyrus.
Early life
Cyrus was born in Flatwoods, Kentucky, to Verlina Adeline Hay (1894–1980) and Eldon Lindsey Cyrus (1895–1975). He was a 1959 graduate of Russell High School, a graduate of Ashland Community and Technical College, and attended the University of Kentucky.
Politics
A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives for Kentucky's 98th Legislative District, which encompasses Greenup County, in 1975, and began his career in the General Assembly in 1976. He was elected to 11 consecutive terms — serving a total of 21 years — until he retired from office in 1996.
Cyrus served as executive secretary and treasurer of the Kentucky AFL-CIO from 1984 to 1986 and was employed as a rigger with Armco Steel Ashland Works. He was a Kentucky Colonel, served as a regional representative with Alan Greenspan of the Federal Reserve Board, member of The Crownsmen Quartet, Little League baseball coach, and a member of Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse Association.
Cyrus also served in the United States Air Force in Japan. He served as founding Chairman of the Board of the Billy Ray Cyrus Charities Foundation and was a devoted member of Big Woods Community Church in Wellington, Kentucky.
Death and tributes
Cyrus was 70 years old when he died on February 28, 2006, of lung cancer at a Lexington hospital. He was buried in Louisa, Kentucky, with his funeral on March 5, at Big Woods Community Church in Wellington, Kentucky. A visitation was held on March 4 at the student union at his alma mater, Russel High School. As a tribute in his honor, the Kentucky House of Representatives observed a moment of silence on March 1, 2006.
The song "I Miss You" by Cyrus' granddaughter Miley Cyrus was written for him and was featured on her 2007 album Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus. The song "Hey Daddy" by Cyrus' son Billy Ray Cyrus is also dedicated to him, on the album Wanna Be Your Joe. Billy Ray sang this song to Cyrus, the night before his death. In honor of Cyrus, his granddaughter, Miley chose to act as "Ronnie" for her character in the 2010 film The Last Song. She also changed her middle name from "Hope" to "Ray" in Cyrus' honor. A chapter of her autobiography Miles to Go is also dedicated to Cyrus.
References
External links
Ron Cyrus Cancer Research Center
1935 births
2006 deaths
AFL–CIO people
Deaths from lung cancer in Kentucky
Democratic Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
People from Flatwoods, Kentucky
Ron
20th-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Cyrus |
Supply officer was a specialisation in the British Royal Navy which has recently been superseded by the Logistics Officer, recognising the need to align with the nomenclature and function of similar cadres in the British Army and Royal Air Force. Though, initially, employment of Logistics Officers in the Royal Navy remained broadly the same, it has begun to reflect exposure to the 'tri-service' environment, including a significantly greater number of operational logistics posts, as well as the more traditional Cash, Pay and Records, and 'outer-office' or Aide de Camp duties. The Logistics Branch in the Royal Navy is one of the three main branches of the Senior Service, though due to its unique nature has interaction with all branches of the Naval Service, including the Fleet Air Arm and the Royal Marines, as well as the Defence Equipment and Support Organisation, the Ministry of Defence and many other agencies and organisations. In centuries past, the supply officer had been known as the clerk, bursar, purser and, later, the paymaster. Logistics officers are still generally referred to by the historic sobriquet 'pusser', a derivation of 'purser'.
History
Purser and secretary
At first, the business-man and shop-keeper – later to become responsible for pay as well – this officer was first mentioned as a regular member of a ship's company in one of the King's Ships in the fourteenth century. Later known as the clerk and then bursar in the Royal Navy, the name of this warrant officer soon changed to Purser. In the early days, the purser was a privileged shop-keeper on board ship and, as such, the profession was guilty of many malpractices. Samuel Pepys said of the Purser "A purser without professed cheating is a professed loser."
By the end of the seventeenth century, a new post of captain's clerk was ordained and all Pursers had to pass through this office; this resulted in promotion to the post of Purser largely resting with ship's captains. Gradually, the status of the Purser rose and he received the uniform of a Warrant Officer in 1787 and a distinctive uniform in 1805. The oldest man in the British fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805, was the Purser of Nelson's flagship, HMS Victory, Limerick-born Purser Walter Burke, then 69; he survived a further ten years, dying in September 1815 and his gravestone is in Wouldham churchyard, Kent. Admiral Nelson's secretary, John Scott, was killed at Trafalgar; his body was sliced in two by a cannonball, while he was talking with Captain Hardy on the quarterdeck, and his body parts were thrown over the side.
In 1808 the senior warrant officers – the Purser, the Master (later Navigating Lieutenant) and Surgeon – were officially recognized as "Warrant Officer of wardroom rank". It had long been the custom for Royal Navy Flag Officers to select as their secretaries "pursers of talent and approved character" and the Purser's other role as a Secretary was generally formalised by 1816. The Purser became formally responsible in 1825 for the payment of the ship's company.
Paymaster
The title of purser transformed into the "purser and paymaster" in 1842, and the warrant officer rank was elevated to commissioned officer in 1843. The title of Purser finally disappeared in 1852 and he became the Paymaster.
In 1855 the status of these officers was clarified by Order in Council. They were to be "Accountant officers for cash to the Accountant-General of the Navy ..." and the ranks of assistant paymaster, clerk, and assistant clerk emerged. In 1864, these officers were authorised to wear a white strip of distinction cloth between the gold rings on their arms.
By 1867, it was laid down that a Paymaster of 15 years' seniority should rank with a commander and in 1886 followed the distinction between fleet paymaster (ranking with commander) and staff paymaster (ranking with Lieutenants of 8 years' seniority). A paymaster-in-chief ranked with a four-stripe captain.
In March 1918 a paymaster-in-chief was appointed paymaster director-general and, on 8 November 1918, the then paymaster director-general, William Whyte, was given the rank and style of paymaster rear-admiral. At the same time, the branch's other ranks were standardized: a paymaster-in-chief became paymaster captain; fleet paymaster became paymaster commander; staff paymaster became paymaster lieutenant-commander; paymaster became paymaster lieutenant; assistant paymaster became paymaster sub-lieutenant; clerk became paymaster midshipman and assistant clerk became paymaster cadet. Paymaster rear-admiral was established as a rank in its own right by Order in Council of 20 December 1918 applied retroactively to 6 March 1918.
Supply officer
On 26 October 1944 the whole accountant branch name was changed from paymaster to supply and secretariat, and the word paymaster was dropped from its place in front of the rank, e.g. a paymaster commander became a commander (S).
Thus, in late 1944, the supply officer came into being (see – page 302>). As with their paymaster predecessors, supply officers were employed, ashore and afloat, as a ship's supply officer, with responsibility for ratings from the writer branch (see ), the stores and victualling branches, cooks and officers' stewards and, if borne, the NAAFI canteen manager.
They were also employed, ashore and afloat, as admiral's secretary, commodore's secretary and captain's secretary. It was not uncommon for a secretary to follow the same senior officer from one post to the next and, sometimes, a secretary in the substantive rank of lieutenant-commander would be promoted acting commander and then temporary captain – thus, such a lieutenant-commander would be listed as temporary acting captain.
Lists, promotion and entry
With the formation of the Royal Navy's General List (GL) in 1956, supply officers no longer wore the white distinction cloth between the gold lace on their uniform and became indistinguishable from officers of the executive branch or the engineering branches. However, pursers in the British Merchant Navy and the Royal Fleet Auxiliary continue to wear a white distinction cloth.
The General List (GL) of 1956 standardized the promotion opportunities of its officers, regardless of branch, although there remained some minor differences. Thus, a lieutenant of eight-year's seniority was automatically promoted to lieutenant-commander, with retirement generally at age 50 unless promoted to a higher rank; and for supply officers, commanders were selected from lieutenant-commanders of at least three-and-a-half-year's seniority, and retired at age 53; captains were promoted from among commanders with at least six years in the rank. Captains retired on reaching nine-year's seniority in the rank, or at age 55, whichever was the earlier, unless selected for promotion to rear-admiral. Commodore was, until 1996, reserved for a few senior appointments but is now a formal rank achieved by selection from captain. GL supply officers were thus able to serve in a much wider range of appointments, such as shore command, naval attaché, intelligence; indeed none of the posts held by the six serving supply officer admirals in 1991 would have been open to a pusser before 1956.
The substantive rank of lieutenant-commander had been formally introduced in March 1914. However, in 1875, Senior Lieutenants of eight years' standing began to be distinguishable to the naked eye from his more junior brother; he was, in that year, allowed to add to his full dress uniform the now well-known "half-stripe" of quarter-inch gold lace between the two distinctive rings of half-inch braid which the ordinary lieutenant wore, and by 1877 he could wear it in undress uniform too. "Senior Lieutenant" had thus become a rank in all but name. From 1914, promotion to lieutenant-commander was automatic on reaching eight years' seniority as a lieutenant though, in around the year 2000, this has changed and the "half-stripe" is now achieved only by selection.
Supply branch ratings had, in common with ratings from other branches of the Royal Navy, long been offered the opportunity of promotion from the lower deck. There were two avenues of receiving a commission. The Upper Yardman scheme (entering Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC), Dartmouth, Devon, as a cadet or midshipman, under terms similar to those direct from civilian life) was open to those supply branch ratings under the age of about 25. Such ratings were called CW candidates, and they were specially reported on for selection to attend the Admiralty Interview Board before final selection for promotion and entry to BRNC.
The second avenue of promotion from rating to commissioned officer was to the Special Duties (SD) List. Petty officers and chief petty officers could, with the approval of their commanding officer, become a CW candidate (an 'SD candidate') and such supply branch senior ratings were similarly specially reported on with a view to promotion to officer, generally between the ages of 28 and 35, though most were in their early 30s when promoted to acting sub-lieutenant on the Special Duties List. Unlike GL and SL (see below) officers, SD officers retained their former rating branch specialisation; for example the supply officer (cash) of a large warship or shore establishment would typically be a lieutenant (SD)(S)(W), the (W) indicating that he is a commissioned officer from the Writer branch of ratings. SD officers were, of course, promoted from all supply branches – writer (W), stores assistant/accountant (S) or (V), cook (CK), officer's steward/steward or caterer (CA). Once confirmed as a sub-lieutenant, an SD officer was promoted lieutenant after three years; promotion to lieutenant-commander (SD) was by selection and, from these, a very small number were promoted to commander from 1966 onwards. Retirement was generally compulsory at age 50. A few SD officers were further selected for transfer to the General List, seniority being adjusted on transfer, so as to level the promotion opportunities (generally these officers were earmarked as likely to reach the rank of commander). In the 1970s, to make up for certain branch shortages, some chief petty officers, age over 35, from the supply branch were selected and promoted temporary acting sub-lieutenant (SD), a few of whom were later promoted to temporary lieutenant (SD). By the 1980s, supply officers were no longer necessarily being appointed according to the List they were on (GL, SD or SL); it was not uncommon to find, in different ships in the same squadron or flotilla, a pusser in supply charge from each List.
Prior to the introduction of the Special Duties List in 1956, some senior ratings were selected for promotion to warrant officer on the Branch List, with subsequent possible promotion (from 1864) to Commissioned Warrant Officer; from 1946, officer rank was achieved by commission rather than by warrant. Of the old "standing officers" (the master, boatswain, gunner and carpenter) from the days of sail, the cook was the first to lose his status as a full-blown warrant officer and head of his own department; indeed, an order of 1704 helped him in his downward career as, in future, in the appointment of cooks, the Navy Board was "to give the preference to such cripples and maimed persons as are pensioners of the chest at Chatham". Warrant officers lived in a separate mess – the gunroom – from Wardroom officers and, by the 1800s, wore one thin stripe of gold sleeve lace with, from 1864, for supply branch officers, the white distinction cloth below. The warrant officer's dress uniform was instituted in 1787. In all other respects they were treated as for commissioned officers. A commissioned warrant officer wore the same sleeve lace as a sub-lieutenant – one gold stripe proper; these officers lived in the Wardroom mess.
Between the 1950s and 1990s, recruitment targets for supply officers were generally met, no doubt owing in part to the slightly lower standards for eyesight – executive officers were not recruited if they needed any corrective lenses but supply officers were. Thus there was no real need for a Supplementary List (SL) of supply officers and it was not until 1966 that the Admiralty Board introduced a scheme for SL supply officers. Even then, SL(S) was exclusively for a maximum of three supply branch ratings each year on the Upper Yardman scheme; there was no direct recruitment from civilians as a Supplementary List pusser, though this appears to have been introduced in the 1990s. Supplementary List officers were offered 10-year short-service commissions, with the opportunity to extend to 16 years and beyond, should the exigencies of the Service require; promotion to lieutenant-commander (SL)(S) was by selection and only one officer from this scheme was promoted to commander (SL)(S) – commander J R (Russ) Cameron on 1 October 1993. SL supply officers, like other branch SL officers, were afforded the opportunity to transfer to the General List by selection.
As at 31 March 1996, there were 575 supply officers, male and female, of all lists and ranks, from midshipman to rear-admiral, serving in the Royal Navy (source: The Navy List 1996 (HMSO)). Three were rear-admirals, 26 captain (S) and 85 commander (S) and some 28 (lieutenants (S) and above) were qualified as barristers. In 1998, the General, Special Duties and Supplementary Lists were abolished, all officers being on one, common, List. The Navy List of 2006 lists 581 Logistics Officers, of whom 131 are women: there is one rear-admiral, 3 commodores, 20 captains, 97 commanders, 154 lieutenant-commanders, 249 lieutenants, 56 sub-lieutenants and one midshipman; 78 of the male officers had qualified as a submariner and 26 of the branch as barristers. There were 500 Logistics Officers serving (all ranks, both genders) on 1 April 2013, some 12.4% of the 6,180 officers of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines.
Supply officer renamed logistics officer
In early 2004 the supply officer became the logistics officer, though the function is largely unchanged. The careers page on the Royal Navy's website in 2006 described the duties: "As a Logistics Officer you will play an essential role in the overall logistics support for the Royal Navy, whether at war, reacting to an international crisis, protecting offshore resources or taking part in search and rescue missions. You will manage your department's delivery of equipment, accommodation, food and other vital services in providing the necessary logistic support, which is critical to the effective operation of the Navy's ships, submarines and shore establishments. A Logistics Officer's wider responsibilities will also include the provision of professional advice on policy, personnel, legal or accountancy matters, which are also key elements in the smooth running of a modern fleet ... A major aspect of your job involves managing people and those in your department would include Chefs, Caterers, Stores Accountants, Stewards and Writers. Because of your specialist knowledge you are also often the most appropriate officer to offer advice to those with domestic or other personal problems. As you are responsible for the Ratings in your division, they may ask you for representation in any disciplinary or appeals procedures".
Supply officers in other navies
The Royal Australian Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy both have supply officers who are broadly similar in employment to those of the Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Logistics Service is also a sister branch. For some history of the United States Navy equivalents, visit and see Navy Supply Corps.
Naval slang for the supply officer
Naval slang has produced a variety of names for the supply officer. When in "supply charge" he/she is called the "Pusser" (a contraction of "Purser") and the term "Pusser" is used as an adjective, in a variety of contexts, to refer to something that is strictly disciplined, or Service, such as "Pusser's issue" and "Pusser's rum". Also, a supply officer may be referred to as the "SO" and he/she is sometimes described as belonging to the "white mafia" (referring to the historic white distinction cloth worn until 1956). Rather less common now is the nickname "Pay" (being short for Paymaster) and its lower-deck equivalent of "Paybob". Those supply officers appointed as a Secretary to an admiral or captain may be referred to as "Sec", "Inky Fingers" or "Scratch" (from the scratching of his/her pen). In the classic film In Which We Serve (1942), Captain D's secretary, a lieutenant-commander, appears in the opening frames; in the credits actor John Varley is listed as "Secco".
Life as a paymaster and supply officer
One paymaster cadet's account of life on board in 1938–1939, and some of his subsequent career, can be found at . The career of Captain (S) Hugh Rump (1901–1992) gives an idea of a pusser's career in the Royal Navy from 1919–1955 and can be found at .
During the First Battle of Narvik, in the Norway campaign, the destroyer leader HMS Hardy (captain Bernard Warburton-Lee RN) was attacked by German destroyers in Ofotfjord on 10 April 1940, and captain (D) was seriously wounded and most other officers were killed. Captain (D)'s secretary, paymaster lieutenant Geoffrey H. Stanning survived and he awoke from the fearful blast to find his spine and legs badly injured by shrapnel, the ship out of control and heading for the shore at thirty knots. Since the wheel house was below him and nobody was answering his increasingly desperate orders to put the wheel over, he managed to drag himself down a ladder to the wheel house and alter course, enough to stop hitting the shore. When he regained the bridge helped by some seamen, he saw that they were now heading for two German destroyers. Since he could not slow down he decided to ram one of them. Luckily for all those left alive on board, whilst he was deciding which one to have a go at, one of the boilers was hit and the engines ground to a halt. All the forward guns on the Hardy were by now inoperable, but one of the stern guns was still banging away at the Germans who naturally returned fire into the burning wreck. Luckily the Hardy still had some 'way' on her which allowed Stanning to manoeuvre her into Vidrek where she ran aground. As she glided ashore still blazing furiously Stanning gave the order to abandon ship. One hundred and forty men plunged into the icy water, and in between the shell bursts from the German destroyers, managed to clamber to safety on the shore. Captain Warburton-Lee was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross and paymaster lieutenant Stanning the DSO. (Source: and the Supplement to the London Gazette of 1 July 1947 – see ).
Training and employment since 1950
Owing to a shortage of Fleet Air Arm pilots in the 1950s, four supply officers qualified as fixed-wing pilots; both Brian Brown and Andrew Richmond rose to flag rank in the 1980s. There was a similar, but short-lived, scheme in the late 1960s when at least three supply officers were trained as helicopter aircrew; at least one "pusser pilot" served in a number of flying appointments.
The three-month junior supply officers' course (JSOC) was undertaken, certainly from 1973, by all junior supply officers before their first appointment; this became the initial logistics officers' course (maritime) – ILOC (M) – in January 2004. From May 1963, the three-month supply charge course (SCC) prepared senior lieutenants for their first appointment as supply officer (head of department) in a destroyer, frigate or ocean-going survey ship (the supply officer was often the junior head of department); SCC became the advanced logistics officers course (maritime) – ALOC(M)) – in January 2004 and the professional logistics command course (maritime) – PLCC(M) – in September 2010. All training takes place at what was the Royal Naval Supply School (RNSS), since 2004 the Defence Maritime Logistics School (DMLS). The first WRNS officer was appointed to SCC in April 1980 and civilian officers of the RNSTS or Director General Supply and Transport (Navy) civil servants were occasional students, sometimes going to sea for a short familiarization afterwards.
Typically, in the 1970s and 1980s, a commando carrier such as would have nine supply officers on board led by a commander (S), including two borne for the duties of captain's secretary – a lieutenant-commander and captain's assistant secretary – a lieutenant or sub-lieutenant. A guided missile destroyer had three supply officers on board, one as captain's secretary, and a Leander-class frigate, survey ship and nuclear submarine just the one supply officer in "supply charge", usually a senior lieutenant (S), with a junior seaman officer given the additional role of "correspondence officer". A frigate squadron leader had a lieutenant-commander as squadron supply officer and a junior lieutenant or sub-lieutenant as captain's secretary. Supply officers rarely served in ships with a ship's company of fewer than 100. some supply branch captains and commodores have been appointed in command of large naval shore establishments such as , , and .
In the 1980s, one former submariner supply officer served successfully as first lieutenant (executive officer) of a frigate. From 2004–2007, lieutenant-commander (commander from 2006) Heber Ackland served as equerry to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
Barristers
Unlike the other armed forces, the Royal Navy has no separate uniformed legal branch. The Director Naval Legal Services (DNLS) is the Navy's senior lawyer. A few supply officers are trained as barristers and one captain (S) serves as Chief Naval Judge Advocate (CNJA). In the Navy List 2006, 26 male and female logistics officers were listed as barristers.
Although much of their time can be spent in criminal cases at courts martial, military lawyers are also required in all major operational theatres as legal advisers to the commanding admiral or general. The Navy legal service also covers employment law, liability of public authorities and the drafting of Acts of Parliament. As of 2010, service lawyers could expect to rejoin their original branch of service every few years (e.g. Naval ships, Royal Marine Commandos), to maintain a sense of balance.
In 1979 the then CNJA (captain David Williamson) was invited to sit in the Crown Court as a deputy circuit judge (later the title became deputy recorder). Others followed in his trail and some continued judicial activity after their retirement from the Active List of the Royal Navy. By the mid-1990s, two captains (S) and a commander (S) who retired from the Royal Navy were appointed as civilian circuit judges: [Shaun] Lyons,[John L] Sessions and [A G Y (Tony)] Thorpe; Robert Fraser was appointed a circuit judge on his retirement as commodore in 2007.
Officers from other naval branches have also trained as barristers. Commander Maxwell Hendry Maxwell-Anderson, formerly a navigating lieutenant, was counsel for the Admiralty in the Prize court during World War I, dealing with prize money cases arising from the sinking of enemy ships. He was Chief Justice of Fiji from 1929 to 1936, while still serving on the retired list.
Additional duties at sea
With the advent of flight decks in destroyers, frigates and ocean survey ships built in the 1960s and subsequently, it became common for supply officers in these ships to be trained as ship's flight deck officers, responsible for helicopter landing and take-off, though this is no longer the case; logistics officers' 'war-role' is now solely as damage control officer (DCO), with control of the ship's fire-main and manpower deployed to fight fires or control floods. Other additional duties performed by supply officers include those of watchkeeping officers in nuclear submarines and damage control officers.
Admirals and head of branch – and a purser pusser
Only two supply officers have ever been promoted to the rank of 'full' admiral. Retiring as chief of fleet support in 1977, Admiral Sir Peter White GBE (born 1919) was promoted on 28 June 1976, becoming the first of the branch to be appointed to the Admiralty Board. He had a most appropriate surname for the first four-star pusser, given the colour of the distinction cloth worn historically by his branch. Admiral Sir Brian Brown KCB, CBE was promoted to that rank on 26 August 1989. Happily, there has been at least one serving supply officer with the surname Purser – Benjamin Purser was promoted lieutenant-commander in July 1973. While there have also certainly been supply officers with the surname of Cook, perhaps the surnames Beauclerk, Bezant, Cater, Clark(e)/Clerk(e), Pay, Purves/Purvis, Scriven(er), Steward and Storer have been those of supply officers, too, over the centuries.
Twelve supply officers and one logistics officer rose to the rank of substantive vice-admiral (see list of admirals below), of whom two were further promoted to admiral; two others were promoted to acting/vice-admiral in the late 1940s. In recent decades, among the officers of flag rank in the Royal Navy, at any one time one, two or three supply officers have been rear-admirals. One of these two-star officers is appointed chief naval supply and secretariat officer (CNSSO) – now CNLO – as head of branch; however, there was no admiral in the Logistics Branch from 2008–2010 and the senior officer branch was a commodore. Rear-admiral David Steel, a barrister, was promoted to two-star rank on 20 April 2010 and became naval secretary and chief naval logistics officer (CNLO); he was promoted to vice-admiral in October 2012 on becoming Second Sea Lord, only the second officer from the branch to hold that post. A commander of the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) is head of the RNR Logistics Branch.
Women
Women officers in the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) would often serve ashore as a captain's secretary but rarely as a supply officer. After the disbanding of the WRNS in 1993, women were fully integrated into the Royal Navy's supply branch, with the wearing of gold stripes instead of blue stripes; for female naval supply officers, service at sea, as well as ashore, started to become the norm. Indeed, Commodore Carolyn Stait OBE FCIPD was the naval base commander, Clyde in from 2004 to 2007.
Defence Maritime Logistics School, RN Logistics School and RN Supply School – history
The present Defence Maritime Logistics School (DMLS) (see ), (until September 2006 the Royal Naval Logistics School (RNLS)) – the alma mater of Logistics Officers and ratings – is a lodger unit within HMS Raleigh in Torpoint, Cornwall PL11 2PD. Functionally however, the school exists as a 'franchise' of the Defence College of Logistics and Personnel Administration, whose headquarters reside in Deepcut, Surrey. The Commandant of the DMLS is Commander Suzi Nielsen RN. From 1 April 1958 to 1983 the RN Supply School (RNSS) was in HMS Pembroke, Chatham, Kent ME4 4UH. Previously the RNSS was in Thorp Arch, Wetherby, Yorkshire, the training establishment being known as HMS Ceres from 1 October 1946 to 31 March 1958 (see and ) and before that as HMS Demetrius, which had commissioned on 15 July 1944 as the Accountant Branch school. The school had transferred from its former wartime home in Highgate School, London N6, where it had been established as HMS President V since being requisitioned and commissioned on 1 November 1941 as the training school for Accountant Branch ratings. The boys of Highgate School had been evacuated from London owing to The Blitz. (Thorp Arch became a borstal when the Navy left in 1958 and it is now known as HM Young Offenders' Institution, Wetherby, LS22 5ED).
Prizes and awards
There are some naval examination prizes available to supply officers. The Gedge Medal and Prize was instituted in about 1928 and is awarded annually to the student who has obtained the highest aggregate of marks in their academic examinations in the current year.
Paymasters, supply officers and logistics officers of flag rank
Supply officers with separate articles in Wikipedia
Not mentioned above, these supply officers have a separate entry, or are mentioned in another article, in Wikipedia:
Richard Aylard
Sir Ronald Brockman
Sir Norman Denning
Alan Hardaker – football administrator
Duncan Lustig-Prean and Beckett v United Kingdom
Charlotte Manley
Edward Travis (later Sir Edward Travis) – operational head of Bletchley Park Feb 1942 to Apr 1952
Nicholas Peter Wright
Sources
England's Sea-Officers by Michael Lewis (George Allen & Unwin, 1948)
Shore Establishments of the Royal Navy by Lt Cdr Ben Warlow RN (Maritime Books, 2000)
The Pusser and His Men by Ben Warlow (Ministry of Defence (DFSD), 1984)
The Navy List (HMSO yearbook)
Royal Navy website
King's College London's Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
Who's Who 1998
Notes
Royal Navy specialisms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply%20officer%20%28Royal%20Navy%29 |
Naning (Chinese: 南宁) is a district and a former chiefdom in northern Malacca, Malaysia. It was founded in 1370 by the prince of Pagaruyung, Sutan Jatang Balun or known as Datuk Parpatih Nan Sebatang (The Only One Land Lord). It is part of Masjid Tanah constituency and is adjacent to Pulau Sebang.
Naning had been part of Negeri Sembilan but it was annexed by the British into Malacca in 1832 via the Naning War. Malacca at that time was a British holding.
The Naning-British War started in 1831 and lasted around two years until 1833. The Penghulu (chief/Lord) of Naning then, Dol Said was enraged over British claim over Naning as part of Malacca. The British demanded that Naning pay 10% of its produce as tribute to Malacca. Dol Said refused, resulting in a British attack upon Naning in 1831. Dol Said managed to fend off the attack with help from his allies. For the first time the British lost in a war in the Malay Peninsula. Towards the end of 1832, the British attacked Naning once again with a much larger force. Dol Said did not have the help of his allies this time. His army was defeated and he surrendered. He was offered a pension and a house in Malacca.
Today, Naning is known as The District of Alor Gajah and is placed under the parliamentary constituency of Masjid Tanah, Alor Gajah and a small part at Jasin. Taboh Naning is within the municipal borders of Alor Gajah.
See also
Dol Said
References
1641 establishments in Asia
Geography of Malacca
1832 establishments in the British Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naning |
Andrew Lost is a series of children's science fiction adventure novels written by J. C. Greenburg and published by Random House from 2002 to 2008. It features a boy inventor named Andrew Dubble whose inventions rarely work the way he expects them to. There are 18 books in the series and they constitute five complete stories, each released consecutively.
The chapter books were illustrated by Debbie Palen (volumes 1–4), Mike Reed (5–6), and Jan Gerardi (7–18).
Characters
Andrew Dubble — Andrew is the main character of the series. He is ten years old; he apparently comes from a wealthy family, because they can afford their own helicopter and Andrew travels to various places in the world periodically. Andrew loves to invent things. He invented The Atom Sucker in books 1–4 and the Goa Constrictor in books 13–16. Usually his inventions go awry, resulting in a series of books where Andrew is constantly trying to set things right again.
Judy Dubble — Judy is Andrew's 13-year-old cousin. Although she does not like Andrew very much, she is usually stuck with him and is with him for most of the story.
THUDD — Thudd is a robot that was given to Andrew by his Uncle Al for his seventh birthday. His name stands for The Handy Ultra-Digital Detective. THUDD is small enough to fit inside Andrew's pocket. THUDD talks in a squeaky voice and his sentences are always preceded by a "meep" noise. THUDD knows everything and constantly points out scientific facts to Andrew and Judy. Judy is not always tolerant of THUDD's superior knowledge, and once threatened to take out his batteries if he wouldn't stop talking. THUDD's most important rule is that he must never get wet.
Uncle Al — Andrew's uncle is a scientist who probably has invented more than Andrew has. He sometimes treats his nephew Andrew to various gadgets (including Thudd). Uncle Al usually has a role in the plot of the story, but is not usually present while Andrew, Judy, and THUDD are off having an adventure.
Plots
Books 1–4
Illustrated by Debbie Palen (2002–2003).
The first book, Andrew Lost on the Dog begins just after Andrew has finished building the Atom Sucker. He is testing it when he accidentally shrinks himself, Judy, Thudd, and a helicopter to the size of a dust mite. He and Judy are inhaled by a neighborhood dog named Harley and spend the next few hours trying to climb up its head. However, Harley's owner, Mrs. Scuttle, sends Harley inside for a bath and Andrew, Judy, and Thudd fall off Harley's body. The second book, Andrew Lost in the Bathroom begins. Andrew blows his Umbubble, a kind of bubble gum that can be blown big enough to accommodate a person (another of Andrew's inventions). Andrew, Judy, and Thudd float around the bathroom in the Umbubble, trying to escape and get back to the Atom Sucker. But before they can get out, they are accidentally flushed down the toilet by Mrs. Scuttle. The third book, Andrew Lost in the Kitchen begins. Andrew, Judy, and Thudd float through the sewer pipes but manage to go out of the kitchen drain. The Umbubble is soon punctured by the green part of a tomato, and Andrew, Judy, and Thudd have to try to get back to the Atom Sucker without it. They manage to catch a ride on a housefly and they fly outside into the garden. The fourth book, Andrew Lost in the Garden, begins. Andrew and Judy try to walk through the garden and get back to the Atom Sucker, while Mrs. Scuttle is having a garden party. They run into many garden insects and microorganisms in the garden. They eventually find their helicopter, and they fly to the Atom Sucker and unshrink themselves.
Characters
Harley; the name of a friendly basset hound that belongs to Mrs. Scuttle.
Mrs. Scuttle; Andrew's grumpy neighbor and Harley's owner.
Books 5–8
Illustrated by Mike Reed (2003) and Jan Gerardi (2004).
The fifth book, Andrew Lost Under Water, begins when Andrew and Judy are at Hawaii with Uncle Al. They accidentally lock themselves inside the Water Bug, a car that Uncle Al turned into a submarine. As they explore underwater, they soon discover that a giant squid is being pursued by a villain called Soggy Bob Sloggins and his robot parrot BURPP (Bob's Ultra Robot Parrot Partner) who wants to capture it. In the sixth book, Andrew Lost in the Whale, they are swallowed by a whale and escape by crawling through its digestive tract, including the stomach, intestines, and anus. In the seventh book, Andrew Lost on the Reef, Andrew and Judy explore a coral reef, and in the eighth book, Andrew Lost in the Deep, they travel to the deepest part of the ocean. At the end of the book, they discover that Soggy Bob Sloggins is not really the villain, but was hypnotized and forced to do evil. They discover that the real enemy is the man who hypnotized him, Doctor Kron-Tox.
Characters
Soggy Bob Sloggins; a villain trying to capture the giant squid.
BURPP; A robot parrot that belongs to Soggy Bob.
Books 9–12
Illustrated by Jan Gerardi (2004–2005).
The ninth book, Andrew Lost in Time, begins when Andrew, Judy, Thudd, and Uncle Al are in a cabin in Montana, when Doctor Kron-Tox kidnaps Uncle Al and sends him back in time to the ice age. Andrew, Judy, and Thudd run into the Time-a-tron, the time machine that Uncle Al invented, and go back in time to rescue him. They accidentally go back too far and end up three minutes after the Big Bang. They quickly go forwards in time. In the tenth book, Andrew Lost on Earth, they watch the Earth being formed. They stop in the Carboniferous period and rescue a boy named Beeper, the nephew of Doctor Kron-Tox, who had been stranded there by his uncle. In the eleventh book, Andrew Lost with the Dinosaurs, they stop in the Late Cretaceous period and rescue Doctor Winka Wilde, a woman who was stranded just before the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period. In the twelfth book, Andrew Lost in the Ice Age, they make it to the ice age. There they rescue Uncle Al, and stop Doctor Kron-Tox from building a theme park with animals he captured. Then they finally return to the present time.
Characters
Doctor Kron-Tox; an evil scientist who is trying to capture exotic animals for his amusement park. Doctor Kron-Tox travels through time in the Tick-Tock Box, and in book #12 we realize that he also uses the Tick-Tock Box to store his captured animals.
Beeper is Doctor Kron Tox's nephew. He is very friendly, but is often annoying, especially to Judy.
Books 13–16
Illustrated by Jan Gerardi (2006–2007).
The thirteenth book, Andrew Lost in the Garbage, begins when Andrew, Judy, and Thudd are shrunk to about an inch tall (not as small as in the Atom Sucker incident) and thrown out with the garbage due to an accident with Andrew's newest invention, the Goa Constrictor, and his classmate, Jeremy Bogart. They end up at the city dump, and when they try to escape, they are thrown onto a flying bat. The fourteenth book, Andrew Lost with the Bats, starts here. The bat flies them to a cave, where they travel deep inside and find an opening to the ground. They then climb onto an Arctic tern to escape the bug-eating snakes and other things, and the tern flies them to an Australian jungle, where the fifteenth book, Andrew Lost in the Jungle, starts. Andrew and Judy then make contact with Uncle Al, who flies to Australia and asks them to get in a river and float downstream to where he can catch them. Andrew and Judy then use the Umbubble (which first appeared in book 2) to float to where Uncle Al is waiting. He picks them up, but a mysterious force causes them to shrink down to a microscopic size (possibly even smaller than in the Atom Sucker incident). Then a mosquito bites Uncle Al right where they are sitting on his hand, and the mosquito's snout pushes them inside Uncle Al's body, which is where Andrew Lost in Uncle Al begins.
Books 17-18
Illustrated by Jan Gerardi (2008).
Andrew, Judy, and Thudd, reduced to the size of ants, face dangers when caught up by a dust devil in the Australian desert (Andrew Lost in the Desert) and a pond full of frogs (Andrew Lost with the Frogs).
Books
Andrew Lost on the Dog (2002) 86 pages, illustrated by Debbie Palen (1–4)
Andrew Lost in the Bathroom (2002) 88 pages
Andrew Lost in the Kitchen (2002) 88 pages
Andrew Lost in the Garden (2003) 86 pages
Andrew Lost Under Water (2003) 88 pages, illus. Mike Reed (5–6)
Andrew Lost in the Whale (2003) 90 pages
Andrew Lost on the Reef (2004) 90 pages, illus. Jan Gerardi (7–8)
Andrew Lost in the Deep (2004) 90 pages
Andrew Lost in Time (2004) 90 pages, illus. Jan Gerardi (9–12)
Andrew Lost on Earth (2005) 90 pages
Andrew Lost with the Dinosaurs (2005) 90 pages
Andrew Lost in the Ice Age (2005) 90 pages
Andrew Lost in the Garbage (2006) 90 pages, illus. Jan Gerardi (13–16)
Andrew Lost with the Bats (2006) 90 pages
Andrew Lost in the Jungle (2007) 90 pages
Andrew Lost in Uncle Al (2007) 90 pages
Andrew Lost in the Desert (2008) 90 pages, illus. Jan Gerardi (17–18)
Andrew Lost with the Frogs (2008) 90 pages
References
External links
Original Website (although it is very out-of-date)
Random House webpage
Andrew Lost at Kidsreads.com
Kids@Random webpage
Series of children's books
Children's science fiction novels
American children's novels
Novels by J. C. Greenburg
2000s children's books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Lost |
Sulfur nitride may refer to a number of sulfur nitrogen compounds:
pentasulfur hexanitride,
tetrasulfur tetranitride,
tetrasulfur dinitride,
disulfur dinitride,
polythiazyl,
thiatetrazole,
Additionally, some unstable species are known:
sulfur mononitride, SN, analogous to nitric oxide, NO
disulfur mononitride, , analogous to nitrogen dioxide, .
monosulfur dinitride, , analogous to nitrous oxide,
See also
Nitrogen oxides, which are valence isoelectronic with sulfur nitrides
References
Sulfur–nitrogen compounds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur%20nitride |
The Cherokee Nation Warriors Society is a society of Cherokee Nation tribal members who are also military veterans, and who were honorably discharged from military service. The society is based in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, and is administered by the Cherokee Nation Office of Veterans Affairs. Most of the society members participate in the Gourd Dance.
Membership in this society is open to all veterans of the Cherokee Nation of any branch of military service. The Cherokee Nation Warriors Society members and those veterans who gave their lives in military service have bricks with their names inscribed paving the Cherokee Nation Warriors Memorial and Pavilion located at the Cherokee Nation Headquarters in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The memorial is dedicated to all Cherokee Citizens and their families who served honorably in the United States Military and to those who gave their lives in defense of the United States and the Cherokee homeland.
References
Cherokee Nation Warriors memorial
Cherokee Nation Veterans Ceremony
American veterans' organizations
Organizations based in the Cherokee Nation
Native American organizations
Organizations based in Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee%20Nation%20Warriors%20Society |
The Australian women's national basketball team is nicknamed the Opals, after the brightly coloured gemstone common to the country. From 1994 onwards, the Opals have been consistently competitive and successful having won nine medals at official FIBA international tournaments (Olympics and World Cups), highlighted by a gold medal winning performance at the 2006 World Championship in Brazil. At the now-defunct regional Oceania Championship for Women, the Opals won 15 titles. Effective in 2017, FIBA combined its Oceanian and Asian zones for official senior competitions; following this change, the Opals compete in the FIBA Women's Asia Cup.
History
1950-60s: Beginnings
Basketball arrived in Melbourne in 1905, but the first major international women's tournament was the 1953 FIBA World Championships held in Chile. Although the Opals did not qualify for the first tournament, they did, however, qualify for the 1957 Championships held in Brazil. Captained by Lorraine Eiler, the Opals defeated Cuba and Peru. Sixteen year-old Bronte Cockburn led the scoring for Australia with an average of 9.5 points per game, but the inexperienced team ultimately finished in 10th place. Since then, the Opals have helped increase the popularity of the sport in Australia. Australia would not get the opportunity to participate at the 1959 World Championship held in Moscow because at the time, the Australian Government would not allow the team to travel to the USSR. The Opals would not qualify for a World Championship again until the 1967 contest in Czechoslovakia. With an entirely new team and a single victory over Italy, Australia finished in 10th position for the second time. Team captain, Jean Forster, led the scoring for Australia with an average of 21.2 points per game, with a tournament high of 34 against Brazil. Her 21.2 points per game would remain unchallenged for 35 years.
1970s: Early development
In 1971, the Opals travelled once again to Brazil. Led by new head coach Merv Harris, and featuring Jill Hammond, the team made several improvements with only three players from the 1967 squad selected. Although the Opals finished in ninth place, they had victories over Madagascar (twice), Argentina, Ecuador and Canada. In 1975, the team headed to Colombia with another new head coach, Jim Madigan. Despite a 74–25 confidence building win over Senegal, as well as victories over Japan, Brazil and Hungary, the team finished in 10th place.
The 1976 Olympics held in Montreal marked the first Olympic medals awarded for women's basketball, but Opals did not qualify for the tournament. Their next major competition would be the 1979 World Championships in South Korea, which would prove to be their first taste of success. The coach again was Jim Madigan, and the squad featured some of the faces of the Opals for the next decade such as Jenny Cheesman, Robyn Maher, Julie Nykiel, Karin Maar and Patricia Mickan. The team would have early success defeating Italy and France, as well as thrashing Malaysia 119–14. Australia would lose their next three games, but bounced back winning their final game over Japan to finish in fourth place, their best international result to that time.
1980s: Into the Olympics
In the early days of women's Olympic basketball, only six countries competed in the tournament, and the host country received an automatic entry. Therefore, there were 22 countries competing for the remaining five spots in 1980 Olympics held in Moscow. In the preliminary tournament, the Opals fell to the US and Hungary, and did not qualify for the Olympics. Three years later, the team traveled to Brazil for the 1983 World Championships, looking to demonstrate that their 1979 success was no accident. Despite an early victory over Japan, Australia failed to advance and finished in 11th place. The Opals were not expected to participate at the 1984 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles. However, following the decision by Cuba to boycott the games, the door was opened for the Opals to compete in their first ever Olympics. Led by head coach Brendan Flynn, and team captain Jenny Cheesman, the Opals played competitively in every game, but finished fifth out of the six teams.
The next tournament for the Opals was the 1986 World Championships in Moscow. The first game against Hungary was a two overtime thriller that the Opals lost 79–77. The game set the tone for the tournament, and despite some close finishes against the top rated teams, Australia finished in ninth place. The Opals then headed into the 1988 Seoul Olympics with a medal hope, but they lost the first game to host nation Korea. The Opals bounced back and defeated Bulgaria, meaning that only the powerful Soviet Union stood between them and a semi-finals berth. In a major upset, the Opals defeated the USSR 60–48, setting up a meeting against Yugoslavia. In a memorable game, the Opals lost a closely contested game at the buzzer 57–56, sending them to a rematch with the USSR for the bronze medal. Motivated by the previous loss, the USSR came out determined and outplayed the Opals 68–53. Despite the loss, the fourth-place finish equalled the Opals’ previous best international placing.
1990s: Rise as an International force
Building from their success at Seoul, the Opals headed to Malaysia for the 1990 World Championships with high hopes. The team won their first two games against Malaysia and Italy, before suffering a string of losses to Bulgaria, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. In their final game, the Opals came back from seven-point halftime deficit to beat Bulgaria 73–71 and finish in sixth place. Fifteen teams competed for the five open spots at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, and despite a respectable 4–2 record at the preliminary tournament, the Opals did not qualify.
Two years later, Australia played host to the 1994 FIBA World Championships. Led by guard Shelley Sandie's 11.9 points per game, the team scored victories over Japan, Italy, Slovakia and Canada to set up a semi-finals match against China. The Opals held an early lead, but China mounted a second half comeback led by Haixia Zheng's 36 points, and Australia just lost by a single point 66–65. In the bronze medal game, Australia played the United States, and despite a small halftime lead, the Opals lost a close game 100–95. The loss however, resulted in a respectable fourth-place finish. The young 1994 team featured the backbone of Australian teams over the next decade; Rachael Sporn, Trisha Fallon, Michelle Brogan, Allison Tranquilli, Sandy Brondello, Annie La Fleur and Jenny Whittle. At the 1994 tournament, the team also adopted the Opals as its nickname.
At the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, the Olympic tournament was expanded to twelve teams, making an easier path for Australia to qualify. Captained by Robyn Maher, the Opals started off with strong wins over South Korea, Zaire, and Cuba before losing to eventual gold medalist United States and Ukraine. Australia then persevered through an overtime game against Russia to set up a semi-finals match against the United States. The US won the game 93–71, sending the Opals to a rematch against Ukraine for the bronze medal. Australia held back a second half comeback by Ukraine to win the game 66–56, earning Australia its first ever international basketball medal for either men or women.
In 1998, the Opals looked to build off the bronze medal at the World Championships in Germany. The team featured 17-year-old future star Lauren Jackson, and was led by Michelle Brogan's average of 13.1 points per game. Australia put together a dominant performance, winning their first seven games before losing to Russia 82–76 in a close semi-final match. In the bronze medal game, Carla Boyd's 26 points proved too much for Brazil, and the Opals won 72–67 to earn their second bronze medal in international play.
2000s: A decade of medals and World Champions
With Sydney hosting the 2000 Olympic Games, the Opals gained automatic entry into the tournament. Captained by Michele Timms, the team started out with dominating performances winning all of their first seven games, sending them to their first ever gold medal match, against the US. The American team proved too strong for the Opals however, as they won 76–54. Australia won the Silver Medal, their best result in international competition at the time. In 2002, the Opals looked to continue their success in China at the World Championships. Coached by Jan Stirling, captained by Kristi Harrower, and powered by Lauren Jackson's 23.1 points per game (which led the tournament), Australia won its first five games all by double figures. In the second round the Opals lost to Brazil, but bounced back with a 78–52 victory over France in the quarterfinal. In the semi-finals, the Opals lost to eventual gold medalist United States, but recovered the next day to capture the bronze medal with a convincing 91–63 win over South Korea.
At the 2004 Olympics held in Athens, Greece, the Opals were led by Lauren Jackson's tournament best 22.9 points and 10 rebounds per game. With Penny Taylor contributing with 14.8 points per game, Australia dominated early winning their first seven games, all by double digits. The Opals set up a rematch of the 2000 Olympic gold medal match against the US. The United States outlasted the Opals in the fourth quarter to win 74–63, giving the Opals their second straight Olympic silver medal.
The Opals headed to Brazil for the 2006 World Championships looking to win their sixth straight medal in international competitions. Led by Lauren Jackson's 21.3 points per game and Penny Taylor's 18 points per game, first and third best in the tournament respectively, the Opals played their best tournament to date. Australia began the tournament with a forfeit victory over Lithuania. They continued the trend by winning their next seven games decisively, with only one contest being decided by less than 10 points. In the gold medal game against Russia, the Opals led throughout, paced by Penny Taylor's 28 points and Lauren Jackson's 11 rebounds. At the final buzzer, the scoreboard read Australia 91, Russia 74; a convincing victory that delivered Australia's first ever basketball gold medal. Penny Taylor was named the Most Valuable Player of the tournament.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the Opals looked to reaffirm their title as World Champions. In the lead up, Australia went undefeated against Belarus, Brazil, South Korea, Latvia, Russia, Czech Republic and host China to set up a third straight gold medal match against the United States. The Opals had trouble hitting the basket and shot just 24% en route to a 92–65 defeat. The team earned their third straight Olympic silver medal, and their seventh straight international medal finish. The 2000s was a golden era for the Opals, winning at least a bronze medal at every official FIBA tournament.
2010s: Ushering a new era
In 2010, the 16th edition of the World Championship was held in the Czech Republic. Pre-tournament favourites Australia, United States, and Russia, dominated play in the first two rounds. In the quarterfinals, however, Australia suffered a shock 79–68 loss to the Czech Republic. The loss meant that the Opals could not finish any higher than 5th place, its worst international result since the early 1990s.
Looking to rebound from their disappointing 2010 result, the Opals qualified for the 2012 Olympic Games in London by beating New Zealand three games to nil in the 2011 FIBA Oceania Championship. They finished the Olympic preliminary series with a 4 – 1 record, losing to France in game 2, but after Belinda Snell sank a well behind the half-court line 3-point shot with less than one second on the clock to send the game into overtime. Against Russia, Liz Cambage became the first woman in Olympic history to successfully slam dunk a basketball. In the quarterfinal against China, Lauren Jackson became the Olympic Games record holder for points scored, overtaking Brazilian legend Janeth Arcain's tally of 535 points. The Opals accounted for China 75–60 to set up a semi-final game with their long-time rivals United States. Despite holding a half-time lead, the Opals again fell short losing 86–73. The Opals would however, win their 5th consecutive Olympic medal with an 83–74 win over Russia to claim the bronze.
Leading up to the 2014 World Championship in Turkey, a number of long-serving players announced their retirements or declared themselves unavailable. Those players included Kristi Harrower, Jenni Screen, Kristen Veal, Abby Bishop, Kathleen MacLeod, Samantha Richards, Suzy Batkovic and Jenna O'Hea. Three weeks before the start of the tournament, Lauren Jackson withdrew from the team because of a knee injury. Two weeks later Liz Cambage ruptured her achilles tendon during a pre-tournament game and was ruled-out because of the injury. This resulted in the selection of seven debutants into the squad of 12, a move seen as ushering in a new era of Opals basketball. Despite the loss of veteran players, the Opals went through the preliminary rounds and quarter-final undefeated, setting up a semi-final clash with the US. In a hard-fought game, the Opals cut the lead from 16 points to just six early in the final quarter, before losing 82–70. The Opals would however claim their third bronze medal at world championships with a comfortable 74–44 win against host nation Turkey. Penny Taylor was named to the tournament All-Star Five.
The Opals qualified for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro following a series win against New Zealand in August 2015. On 31 March 2016, Lauren Jackson announced her retirement from basketball, citing a chronic knee injury as the reason for her decision. The Olympic squad was announced on 12 July 2016 and included seven Olympic debutants and only three players from the 2012 squad. Notable exclusions included three-time Olympic medallist Suzy Batkovic, reigning WNBL MVP Abby Bishop and Rebecca Allen. Despite slow starts which had plagued Australia throughout the tournament, the Opals finished on top of their group with a 5–0 record, outscoring Japan 33–15 in the final quarter to win by six points. In the Quarter-final, the Opals suffered a shock 73–71 loss to Serbia, conceding 26 turnovers and eliminating them from medal contention. This ended a run of five successive Olympic medals dating back 20 years. One highlight was Liz Cambage breaking Lauren Jackson's Australian Olympic record of points scored in a single game with 37 against Japan. It was the third-highest haul by a woman in Olympic history and the highest in 28 years.
Following the early exit from the Rio Olympics, Brendan Joyce was replaced in April 2017 by former Opals player and Phoenix Mercury head coach, Sandy Brondello. Unlike previous years, the Opals qualified for the 2018 World Cup through the FIBA Women's Asia Cup held in India where they won a silver medal. Kelsey Griffin was named tournament most valuable player. With basketball returning to the Commonwealth Games for the first time since 2006, the Opals easily accounted for England in the final winning the gold-medal game 99–55. At the 2018 World Cup held in Spain, the Opals led their group with a 3–0 record. They then defeated China 83–42 in the quarter-final and Spain 72–66 in the semi-final to set up a gold-medal final with their long-time rivals United States. The Opals lost the game 73–56 with head coach Sandy Brondello stating a lack of offence proved their downfall. Liz Cambage led the tournament scoring with an average of 23.8 points per game and was named to the All-Star Five.
Competitive record
Olympic Games
Women's basketball was introduced as an Olympic sport at Montreal in 1976. From 1976 to 1992, only six countries (teams) participated in the Olympic tournament. However, in 1996 at Atlanta the tournament was expanded to twelve teams. Through the 2016 Olympics, Australia qualified for the Olympic Games through competing in the FIBA Oceania Basketball Championship held each four years in the year preceding the games. Typically, this tournament featured either a two or three-game series between Australia and New Zealand. With the Oceania Championship having been discontinued after its 2015 edition, and FIBA having removed all women's continental championships except for EuroBasket Women from the Olympic qualification process in 2017, Australia will qualify for future Olympics through a two-stage process, starting with an Olympic pre-qualifying tournament involving Asian and Oceanian national teams in the year before the Olympics and followed by a worldwide Olympic qualifying tournament held in the year of the Games.
World Cup
The first official Women's World Cup, known as the Women's World Championship through its 2014 edition, was held in Chile in 1953. The tournament was expanded to 16 countries (teams) in 1990. Since 2017, Australia qualifies for the World Cup through competing in the FIBA Women's Asia Cup, held each four years in the year preceding the Women's World Cup. Before then, Australia qualified through the FIBA Oceania Championship. Typically, this tournament featured either a two or three-game series between Australia and New Zealand. FIBA discontinued the Oceania championships for both women and men after their respective 2015 editions, combining FIBA Asia and FIBA Oceania into a single zone for purposes of World Cup and Olympic qualification.
Asia Cup
Commencing in 2017, teams from Oceania and Asia zones competed together for the first time ever with the top four finishing teams qualifying for the 2018 World Cup.
Commonwealth Games
Statistics
Team
Current roster
Roster for the 2023 FIBA Women's Asia Cup.
Past World Cup squads
Past Olympics squads
International caps
The following is a chronological list of Australian players who have played at official senior FIBA international tournaments (Olympic Games and World Cups). The list includes both past and present players. Active players are shown in bold. Where two or more players debuted in the same series, their cap number is determined by their official uniform number (and not alphabetically). As of the 2020 Olympic Games, 112 players have represented Australia at Olympic Games and World Cups. There were no debutants at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney.
Deceased
Individual achievements
Opals all-time games played
Legend
Games played is current as at the completion of the London Olympic Games in August 2012.
(*) denotes the player is a member of the Australian Basketball Hall of Fame.
Italic denotes the player is still active.
Opals Team Captains
Legend
Tournaments are those officially sanctioned by FIBA.
See also
Australia men's national basketball team
Australia women's national 3x3 team
Australia women's national under-17 basketball team
Australia women's national under-19 basketball team
Australia women's national wheelchair basketball team
Australian Basketball Hall of Fame
List of Australian WNBA players
List of Olympic medalists in basketball
References
External links
FIBA profile
AustraliaBasket.com – Australia Women Current Squad
Australia Basketball Records at FIBA Archive
Basketball
Women's national basketball teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%20women%27s%20national%20basketball%20team |
The Republic of Togo is divided into five regions which are subdivided into 35 prefectures. These various prefectures of Togo are shown according to their respective regions below.
List of prefectures by region
Savanes
Kpendjal Prefecture
Oti Prefecture
Tandjouaré Prefecture
Tône Prefecture
Cinkassé Prefecture
Kara
Assoli Prefecture
Bassar Prefecture
Bimah Prefecture (or Binah)
Dankpen Prefecture
Doufelgou Prefecture
Kéran Prefecture
Kozah Prefecture (or Koza)
Plateaux
Agou Prefecture
Amou Prefecture
Danyi Prefecture
Est-Mono Prefecture
Haho Prefecture
Kloto Prefecture
Moyen-Mono Prefecture
Ogou Prefecture
Wawa Prefecture
Akébou Prefecture
Anié Prefecture
Kpélé Prefecture
Centrale
Blitta Prefecture
Sotouboua Prefecture
Tchamba Prefecture
Tchaoudjo Prefecture
Maritime
Avé Prefecture
Golfe Prefecture
Lacs Prefecture
Vo Prefecture
Yoto Prefecture
Zio Prefecture
Bas-Mono Prefecture
See also
Regions of Togo
References
Subdivisions of Togo
Togo, Prefectures
Togo 2
Prefectures, Togo
Togo geography-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefectures%20of%20Togo |
Democrata Futebol Clube, also referred to as Democrata de Sete Lagoas, Democrata-SL or just Democrata, is a Brazilian association football team from the city of Sete Lagoas in Minas Gerais state.
History
People who frequented the popular Bar Chique desired to found a sporting club in the city. After meeting from June 9 to June 13 of 1914, to discuss the concept. The group scheduled a meeting to the following day to decide the foundation details. The club was founded on 14 June of that year and named Democrata Futebol Clube. The club's first president was Francisco Wanderley Azevedo.
Democrata played their first match on 6 September 1914, against another Minas Gerais state club. They beat Matozinhos city's Ordem e Progresso 4-1.
Stadium
The club plays its home matches at Joaquim Henrique Nogueira stadium, nicknamed Nogueirão and Arena do Jacaré, and inaugurated on 26 January 2006. It has a maximum capacity of approximately 18,000 people. The old stadium, José Duarte de Paiva, which had a maximum capacity of approximately 7,000 people, is now inactive.
Achievements
Campeonato Mineiro:
Runners-up (3): 1955, 1957, 1963
Campeonato Mineiro Módulo II:
Winners (2): 1981, 2022
Noted head coaches
Vanderlei Luxemburgo, who coached the Brazil national football team from 1998 to 2000 and coached Real Madrid of Spain in 2004 and in 2005, was the head coach of Democrata in 1985 and in 1986.
Club's colors
The club's colors are red and white. Its home kit is composed of a red and white vertical striped shirt, white short and white socks.
Democrata's first kit was ordered from a Rio de Janeiro company, by telegraph and arrived on 25 June, transported by train.
Mascot
The club's mascot is a yacare caiman, because it is one of the most agile animals in the Brazilian fauna. The mascot is sometimes depicted as an anthropomorphic animal wearing the club's kit.
Anthem
Democrata's anthem was composed by Elson Corrêa Barbosa (both the lyrics and the song). Ary Pires was responsible for the arrangement.
References
Association football clubs established in 1914
Football clubs in Minas Gerais
1914 establishments in Brazil | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrata%20Futebol%20Clube |
The FDGB-Pokal (Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund Pokal or Free German Trade Union Federation Cup) was an elimination football tournament held annually in East Germany. It was the second most important national title in East German football after the DDR-Oberliga championship. The founder of the competition was East Germany's major trade union.
History
The inaugural FDGB-Pokal (generally referred to in English as the East German Cup) was contested in 1949, four years before the initial DFB-Pokal was played in the western half of the country. The first national cup competition had been the Tschammerpokal introduced in 1935.
Each football club which participated in the East German football league system was entitled to enter the tournament. Clubs from the lower leagues played in regional qualification rounds, with the winners joining the teams of the DDR-Oberliga and DDR-Liga in the main round of the tournament of the following year. Each elimination was determined by a single game held on the ground of one of the two participating teams.
Until the mid-1980s the field of competition was made up of as many as sixty teams playing in five rounds due to the large number of eligible clubs in the country. Beginning in 1975, the final was held each year in the Stadion der Weltjugend in Berlin and drew anywhere from 30,000 to 55,000 spectators. The last cup final, played in 1991 after the fall of the Berlin Wall, was a 1–0 victory by F.C. Hansa Rostock over Eisenhüttenstädter FC Stahl, which drew a crowd of only 4,800.
The most successful side in 42 years of competition was 1. FC Magdeburg which celebrated seven FDGB-Pokal wins (including those as SC Aufbau Magdeburg before 1965); one of those wins ultimately led to victory in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1973–74.
The only winners of the competition to reach the final of the DFB-Pokal since the re-unification of the country are 1. FC Union Berlin, who appeared in the 2001 German Cup final, but lost 0–2 to Schalke. To date, the only other former East German club to appear in the German Cup final is FC Energie Cottbus.
Finals
Notes:
1 Sports clubs (SC) were introduced in the East German sports system in 1954. The introduction of designated sports clubs was followed by major changes in East German football. Several teams were relocated, transferred and renamed between the second and the third round of the 1954-55 FDGB-Pokal (de). The team of SG Dynamo Dresden was relocated to Berlin and continued as part of sports club SC Dynamo Berlin. SG Dynamo Berlin was then subsequently renamed SG Dynamo Berlin-Mitte. The team of BSG Empor Lauter was relocated to Rostock and continued as part of sports club SC Empor Rostock. The team of BSG Wismut Aue was transferred to sports club SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt. The football department of BSG Aktivist Brieske-Ost was transferred to sports club SC Aktivist Brieske-Senftenberg.
Performances
Performance by club
The performance of various clubs is shown in the following table:
Clubs are named by the last name they used before the German reunification.
Notes:
1 Played as SV Deutsche Volkspolizei Dresden until the funding of SG Dynamo Dresden in 1953.
2 Played as part of sports club SC Aufbau Magdeburg (later SC Magdenburg) until the founding of 1. FC Magdeburg in 1965.
3 Also known as VfB Leipzig and SC Leipzig.
4 Also known as SC Motor Jena.
5 Also known as SG Planitz, ZSG Horch Zwickau, BSG Motor Zwickau and BSG Sachsenring Zwickau.
6 Played as part of sports club SC Dynamo Berlin until the founding of BFC Dynamo in 1966.
7 Played in East Berlin as ZSK Vorwärts Berlin, ASK Vorwärts Berlin and FC Vorwärts Berlin. The team was relocated to Frankfurt an der Oder in Bezirk Frankfurt in 1971.
8 Also known as SG Freiimfelde Halle and Hallescher FC Chemie.
9 Also known as SC Empor Rostock.
10 Also known as SG Aue, BSG Pneumatik Aue, BSG Zentra Wismut Aue. From 1954 to 1963 the team was known as SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt, but continued to play in Aue. After German reunification in 1990, the club was renamed FC Wismut Aue before taking on its current name, FC Erzgebirge Aue in 1993.
11 Both clubs 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig and BSG Chemie Leipzig claim the honors of SC Lokomotive Leipzig.
12 Also known as SG Eisenhüttenwerk Thale and BSG Eisenhüttenwerk Thale (BSG EHW Thale).
13 Also known as BSG Sachsenverlag Dresden, BSG Rotation Dresden and SC Einheit Dresden.
14 Also known as FC Sachsen Leipzig.
15 Also known as SG Fortuna Erfurt, BSG KWU Erfurt, BSG Turbine Erfurt and SC Turbine Erfurt. In 1966, the football departments of SC Turbine Erfurt and BSG Optima Erfurt were merged under the name FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt.
16 Also known as SG Zeitz and BSG Hydrierwerk Zeitz .
17 Also known as BSG Gera-Süd and BSG Mechanik Gera.
18 The football department of BSG Stahl Eisenhüttenstadt was reorganized as football club Eisenhüttenstädter FC Stahl on 3 May 1990 and thus reached the semi-finals of the 1990-91 NOFV-Pokal as Eisenhüttenstädter FC Stahl.
19 Also known as SG Wurzen and BSG Empor Wurzen West. Reached the semi-finals in 1952 and 1954 under the name BSG Wurzen West.
20 Also known as SG Märkische Volksstimme Babelsberg, BSG Rotation Babelsberg and BSG DEFA Babelsberg. Reached the semi-final in 1950 under the name BSG Märkische Volksstimme Babelsberg.
Performance by city or town
See also
List of East German football champions
DFV-Supercup
References
External links
East Germany - List of Cup finals at RSSSF
Defunct football cup competitions in Germany
Football competitions in East Germany
Recurring sporting events established in 1949
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1991
1949 establishments in East Germany
1991 disestablishments in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDGB-Pokal |
The Latin American Musicians Association (AMLA, in Spanish Asociacion de Musicos Latino Americanos) is an organization composed of Latin musicians, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Association's founder is Jesse Bermudez, a major figure in the Philadelphia music scene. The Association runs a Latin School of the Arts, where prominent teachers include Orlanda Fiol, Elio Villafranca and Pablo Batista.
The Association was founded in 1982 in El Barrio, near an area known as the Golden Block in North Philadelphia.
References
Go Phila
Music organizations based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%20American%20Musicians%20Association |
AMLA is an acronym that may stand for:
Latin American Musicians Association (Spanish: Asociación de Músicos Latino Americanos)
American Mutual Life Association, a Slovenian-American fraternal organization
Administration of Muslim Law Act, an act of the Parliament of Singapore
See also
Amla (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLA |
BYU Vocal Point, or simply Vocal Point, is a nine-member, male a cappella group at Brigham Young University (BYU). Founded by two students, Bob Ahlander & Dave Boyce, in 1991, Vocal Point was under the direction of Emmy award-winning director and former member, McKay Crockett. However, in December 2022, Crockett decided to leave as director for a new job opportunity. He is replaced by former member Carson Trautman.
The group has won three Pearl Awards and it was the winner of the 2006 International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella (ICCA). In 2011, the group placed fifth on NBC's third season of The Sing Off.
History
Vocal Point was founded in 1991 by two students at BYU, Dave Boyce and Bob Ahlander. Boyce and Ahlander became introduced to modern a cappella while visiting the Eastern United States, where a cappella had become popular among colleges. Jill Petersen-Lex became the group's first artistic director as the group hoped to introduce the Western United States to contemporary a cappella. The three held auditions in the fall of 1991. Although the group intended to have eight members, a double-quartet, they could not choose between two singers so they accepted both and became a group of nine. In 1992, the group recorded its first album, "If Rocks Could Sing" on cassette. In 1994, Vocal Point was absorbed into BYU's School of Music.
The group won the ICCA semifinals for the 2003–04 and 2004-05 competitions, but the group chose to not participate in the finals in New York, because they took place on Sundays. In 2004, Vocal Point performed eighteen shows in Nauvoo, Illinois, for three weeks at the Joseph Smith Academy Theater. James Stevens became the group's director in 2004, directing the group until 2012. In 2006, Vocal Point received three Pearl Awards from the Faith Centered Music Association for "Best Sacred Recorded Song of the Year", "Best Group Recording Artist of the Year", and "Best Performing Artist of the Year" for their newest album "Standing Room Only".
Vocal Point performed at BYU's Homecoming Spectacular in 2006. The same year, they hosted a reunion concert for Vocal Point's 15th anniversary. Competing in the 2006 ICCA competition, the group was awarded first place in the quarterfinals and semifinals before winning first place at the ICCA finals in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York
Directed by the group's former beatboxer, Buck Mangum, in early 2011, Vocal Point again competed in the ICCA. They placed first at quarter finals in Eugene, Oregon. At the semi-finals in Los Angeles, Vocal Point again placed first. At finals in New York, Vocal Point received awards for "best vocal percussionist" to Tanner Nilsson, again "best soloist" to Jake Hunsaker, and second place in the entire competition. The songs they competed with in their set were Michael Jackson's "Beat It," Michael Bublé's "Meglio Stassera," a Polish hymn entitled "Infant Holy," and Louis Prima's "Jump Jive an' Wail."
In 2011, Vocal Point competed as part of season 3 of NBC's reality TV series, The Sing Off. The members of the group that competed in the show were Michael "Mike" Christensen, McKay Crockett, Keith Evans, Jake Hunsaker, Ben Murphy, Tanner Nilsson, Robert Seely, Tyler Sterling, and Ross Welch. They were accompanied by Stevens. As a result of their participation in the show, the group was featured in a CNN article discussing how the group represented BYU and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. From 2012 to 2022, previous member of Vocal Point, McKay Crockett, has served as the group's producer and artistic director. Vocal Point has performed the United States national anthem at Utah Jazz games. On tour in the United States, their concerts frequently sell out. In 2018, Vocal Point won several CASA A Capella Video Awards including Outstanding Collaborative Video and Best Show Tunes/Soundtrack/Theme Song for "Beauty and the Beast A Cappella Medley" featuring Lexi Walker and the award for Best Religious Video for "It Is Well With My Soul".
In 2022, they made an all Disney album called Magic: Disney Through Time. They collaborated with many singers to make this album including the voice of Encanto's Dolores, Adassa, Anthem Lights, Laura Osnes, & former member Yaphet Bustos.
Awards
Pearl Award for Best Performing Artist (2005)
Pearl Award for Best Performing Group (2005)
ICCA International Champions (2006)
ICCA Second place (2011)
Fifth place on NBC's third season of The Sing Off (2011)
Regional Emmy Award in the Arts/Entertainment - Program/Special Category (2017)
Discography
Discography from 2004 to present was retrieved from BYU Music Store.
If Rocks Could Sing (1992)
Instruments Not Included (1994)
Fatter Than Ever (1996)
Mouthing Off (1999)
Grand Slam (2003)
Standing Room Only (2004)
Nonstop (2008)
Back In Blue (2011)
Lead Thou Me On: Hymns and Inspiration (2012)
Spectrum (2014)
He Is Born (2015)
Music Video Hits (Vol. 1) (2016)
Music Video Hits (Vol. 2) (2018)
Vocal Point (2020)
Newborn King (2020)
Grace (2021)
Magic Disney Through Time (2022)
Awards and nominations
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2017
| rowspan="6" | A Cappella Video Awards
| Outstanding Collaborative Video
| "Go the Distance (from Hercules)" ft. The All-American Boys Chorus
|
| rowspan="4" |
|-
| Outstanding Costume / Makeup
| "Ultimate A Cappella Mashup: 25 Hits, 25 Years"
|
|-
| Outstanding Video Editing
| "I LIVED"
|
|-
| Best Musical / Soundtrack Video
| "Go the Distance (from Hercules)"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | Best Male Collegiate Video
| "Ultimate A Cappella Mashup: 25 Hits, 25 Years"
|
|
|-
| "I LIVED"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2018
| rowspan="10" | A Cappella Video Awards
| Outstanding Choreography / Staging
| "Beauty and the Beast A Cappella Medley" ft. Lexi Walker
| style="background: #F4F2B0" |
| rowspan="3" |
|-
| Outstanding Collaborative Video
| "Beauty and the Beast A Cappella Medley" ft. Lexi Walker and the BYU Ballroom Dance Company
|
|-
| Outstanding Costume / Makeup
| "Beauty and the Beast A Cappella Medley" ft. Lexi Walker
| style="background: #F4F2B0" |
|-
| Outstanding Video Editing
| "Beauty and the Beast A Cappella Medley" ft. Lexi Walker
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
| Best Male Collegiate Video
| "EDM A Cappella Mashup"
|
|-
| Best Electronic / Experimental Video
| "EDM A Cappella Mashup"
|
|-
| Best Holiday Video
| "Carol of the Bells" by Peter Hollens, ft. BYU Vocal Point, One Voice Children's Choir, BYU Men's Chorus
| style="background: #F4F2B0" |
| rowspan="3" |
|-
| Best Religious Video
| "It Is Well with My Soul"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | Best Show Tunes / Soundtrack / Theme Song
| "Beauty and the Beast A Cappella Medley" ft. Lexi Walker
|
|-
| "You Will Be Found"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2019
| rowspan="3" | Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards
| Best Show Tunes / Soundtrack / Theme Song
| "Beauty and the Beast Medley" from Music Video Hits, Vol. 2
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
| Best Male Collegiate Album
| Music Video Hits, Vol. 2
|
|-
| Best Male Collegiate Solo
| Jantzen Dalley and Logan Shelton for "You Will Be Found" from Music Video Hits, Vol. 2
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | A Cappella Video Awards
| Outstanding Choreography / Staging
| "The Greatest Showman A Cappella Mashup"
|
|
|-
| Best Male Collegiate Video
| "You Raise Me Up"
|
|
|-
| Best Show Tunes / Soundtrack / Theme Song Video
| "The Greatest Showman A Cappella Mashup"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2020
| rowspan="4" | A Cappella Video Awards
| Best Male Collegiate Video
| "Circle Of Life"
|
| rowspan="4" |
|-
| Best Holiday Video
| "What Child Is This?"
| style="background: #F4F2B0" |
|-
| Best Religious Video
| "What Child Is This?"
|
|-
| Best Show Tunes / Soundtrack / Theme Song Video
| "Circle Of Life"
|
See also
List of collegiate a cappella groups in the United States
Noteworthy (vocal group), the all female BYU a cappella group
References
33. https://cfac.byu.edu/alumni/byu-music-alum-mckay-crockett-speaks-on-his-experiences-with-music-vocal-point/
External links
Official Site
Brigham Young University
YouTube channels launched in 2010
Collegiate a cappella groups
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups from Utah
1991 establishments in Utah
Music-related YouTube channels
Harold B. Lee Library-related University Archives articles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYU%20Vocal%20Point |
New Day may refer to:
Music
"New Day" (50 Cent song), a July 2012 song by American rapper 50 Cent
"New Day" (Wyclef Jean song), a charity song by Wyclef Jean and Bono, from the 1989 album The Ecleftic: 2 Sides II a Book
"New Day" (Tamar Kaprelian song), a song by Tamar Kaprelian from her 2009 album, Sinner or a Saint
"New Day" (Alicia Keys song), a November 2012 song by American R&B singer Alicia Keys
"New Day" (Patti LaBelle song), a May 2004 song by Patti LaBelle
"New Day", a song by Take That from their album Wonderland
"New Day", also known as "You Are the New Day", a 1978 song by John David
"New Day", a song by Hollywood Undead on their 2013 album Notes From The Underground
"New Day", a song by Jay-Z and Kanye West from their 2011 collaborative album Watch the Throne
"New Day", a song by Miz from her September 2004 album Say It's Forever
"New Day", a song by Joe Satriani from his 1986 album Not of This Earth
Professional wrestling
WWE The Music: A New Day, Vol. 10 released 2010
The New Day (professional wrestling), a stable in professional wrestling formed in 2014
Media
The New Day (newspaper), a British newspaper published between 29 February and 6 May 2016
New Day (TV series), a CNN morning weekday news program
Literature
New Day (novel), a 1948 novel by Jamaican writer V. S. Reid
See also
Newday
NewDay (company)
A New Day (disambiguation)
New Day Dawning (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Day |
The Philadelphia Céilí Group is a music organization in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, known for an annual Philadelphia Céilí Festival. The group claims that its festival is the only in the area that is "truly a traditional festival" and it is "one of the oldest continuous (if not the oldest) traditional Irish music and dance" festivals in the United States.
The Ceili Group began in 1958 when a group of young Irish immigrants and Irish-American step and figure/ceili dancers gathered at The Irish Center (also founded in 1958) to formally promote Irish arts traditions.
The PCG started with Friday night ceilis, for all who wanted to learn Irish figure dances and musical instruments, and went from there to Irish theatre productions, Irish-Gaelic language lessons and much more, to its present-day yearly festival of all things Irish, for all ages.
The annual festival began in 1975, when folklorist Mick Moloney expressed a need for a venue where Irish music and dance talent could be showcased without a competitive atmosphere, as was the case with all flags. So thirteen people met throughout the summer to make the festival a reality. Those people involved in organizing the first festival were Mickey and Jimmie McGill, Helen and Gus Haun, Sally and Dan Doughtery, Tina and Margaret Quigley, Tim Britton, Brian and Tim Quinn, Carl Zuckerman, and Dan Verbo.
Helen was instrumental in finding and negotiating a deal with the Fischers of Fischer's Pool, in Lansdale, Pa. as the first location for the festival. Fischer's Pool was a privately owned summer retreat with an Olympic sized pool that nearby residents joined to use throughout the summer and cabins that were also rented for the season. Fischer's Pool also hosted summer picnics for groups. There was a separate area for these group picnics with its own large field, several pavilions filled with picnic tables and a kitchen with window service. This was the area where the first Philadelphia Ceili Group Irish Music, Song and Dance Festival took place. Workshops were staged under the picnic pavilions. One of the pavilions had a concrete floor, as compared to dirt floors, so it was cleared of tables and the dancing took place there near the food and beer sales. It was the first non-competitive presentation of Irish Music, Song and Dance in the US.
It has expanded to a three-day festival in recent years.
The 2005 festival initiated a feature called an "Irish Circle of Song": singers in both the accompanied and the unaccompanied -"sean nos" - singing styles.
In 2007, "The Spoken Word" program was added to the festival to highlight the Irish contribution to poetry, drama, and prose.
The Ceili Group encourages artists of every generation, and brings to the stage the Philadelphia area’s youngest Irish step, ceili, and set dancers, singers, and instrumentalists.
References
Philadelphia Céilí Group
Irishphiladelphia.com
Irish dance
Culture of Philadelphia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia%20C%C3%A9il%C3%AD%20Group |
Star Wars Republic Commando: Triple Zero, by Karen Traviss, is the second novel in the Star Wars Republic Commando series. The title comes from the galactic coordinates of the planet Coruscant (0,0,0).
Plot
Following the eruption of the bloody Clone Wars at the battle of Geonosis, both sides remain deadlocked in a stalemate that can be broken only by elite warrior teams like Omega Squad, clone commandos with terrifying combat skills and a lethal arsenal.
Deployed deep behind enemy lines, Omega Squad engage in sabotage, espionage, ambush, and assassination. But when the Squad is rushed to Coruscant, the war's most dangerous new hotspot, the commandos discover that they are not the only ones penetrating the heart of the enemy.
A surge in Separatist attacks has been traced to a network of terrorist cells in the Republic's capital, masterminded by a mole in Command Headquarters. To identify and destroy a Separatist spy and terror network in a city full of civilians will require special talents and skills. Not even the leadership of the Jedi generals, along with the assistance of Delta Squad and a notorious ARC trooper, can even the odds against the Republic Commandos. And while success may not bring victory in the Clone Wars, failure means certain defeat.
Characters
Mandalorian:
Sergeant Kal Skirata, Mercenary (Male Human)
Sergeant Walon Vau, Mercenary (Male Human)
Republic Commandos:
Omega Squad:
RC-1309 Niner
RC-1136 Darman
RC-8015 Fi
RC-3222 Atin
Delta Squad:
RC-1138 Boss
RC-1262 Scorch
RC-1140 Fixer
RC-1207 Sev
ARC Troopers
Null ARC N-11 Captain Ordo
Null ARC N-7 Lieutenant Mereel
ARC A-26 Captain Maze
Jedi:
Etain Tur-Mukan, Jedi Knight (Female Human)
Bardan Jusik, Jedi Knight (Male Human)
Iri Camas, Jedi Master (Male Human)
Vaas Ga, Jedi Master (Male Duros)
Others:
Clone Commander Gett, Leader of Improcco Company, 41st Elite Corps
Clone Commander Gree, Commander of 41st Elite Corps
Clone Trooper CT-5108/8843 Corr, GAR Logistics Employee
Clone Trooper CT-1127/549 Sicko, Special Operations Pilot
Clone Trooper Nye, Improcco Company, 41st Elite Corps
Clone Trooper Clanky, Improcco Company, 41st Elite Corps
Clone Trooper Fi, Improcco Company, 41st Elite Corps
Captain Jaller Obrim, Coruscant Security Force (Male Human)
Jinart, Qiiluran Spy (Female Gurlanin)
Enacca, Associate of Kal Skirata (Female Wookiee)
Qibbu, Entrepreneur (Male Hutt)
Laseema, Employee of Qibbu (Female Twi'lek)
Besany Wennen, GAR Logistics Employee (Female Human)
See also
Star Wars Republic Commando series
Star Wars: Republic Commando
Star Wars Republic Commando: Hard Contact
Star Wars Republic Commando: True Colors
Star Wars Republic Commando: Order 66
References
External links
Amazon.com Listing
Official CargoBay Listing
Republic Commando
2006 British novels
2006 science fiction novels
English novels
Novels based on Star Wars video games
Del Rey books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20Wars%20Republic%20Commando%3A%20Triple%20Zero |
Madeleine Wing Adler was the first female president of West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania. She received a bachelor's degree from Northwestern University and master's degree and Ph.D. in political science from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Prior to her West Chester University presidency, she held administrative positions at Framingham State College in Massachusetts, The City University of New York, Queens College, and the CUNY Central Office. Adler also has taught at American University and Pennsylvania State University.
Adler has served on numerous boards and committees for civic organizations, including Chester County Fund for Women and Girls, the Chester County Historical Society and the National Endowment for the Arts/American Canvas. In 1998, Chester County named her its citizen of the year and the Philadelphia Business Journal named her a Woman of Distinction in 2002.
On May 3, 2007, Adler announced her retirement after serving 15 years at the institution.
She is a senior associate at The AASCU-Penson Center for Professional Development, and plans will retire to her family's ancestral seaport town of Sandwich, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod.
Madeleine Wing Adler Theatre
The Madeleine Wing Adler Theatre which opened in 2008, is the newest performing arts venue on the West Chester University campus and has a capacity of 375. It was named in honor of Madeleine Wing Adler in 2008.
Personal life
Adler is a breast cancer survivor, and has received the Pennsylvania Breast Cancer Coalition's Pink Ribbon Award in 2001.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Worthington, Ohio
Northwestern University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Presidents of West Chester University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Wing%20Adler |
Jason Eric Roberts is an American musician, activist, urban advocate and co-founder of the Dallas, Texas, organization Bike Friendly Oak Cliff. He is a songwriter and performer in Dallas-based indie pop band The Happy Bullets. He also co-founded the Oak Cliff non-profit art collaborative The Art Conspiracy, and indie record label Undeniable Records.
Roberts has a day job as a senior IT consultant, and has contributed feature and news stories for Entertainment Weekly, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, the Detroit Metro Times, the Dallas Observer, and D Magazine's Best of Dallas series. He leads the Oak Cliff Chamber of Commerce Alternate Transportation committee, whose main project is coordinating a comprehensive multi-modal transit plan for the area.
Bike Friendly Oak Cliff, or BFOC, is a group of Dallas bicycle advocates, who promote creating better cycling facilities and infrastructure in the Oak Cliff section of South Dallas. Through Roberts efforts, the project has inspired other Dallas communities to create their own similar organizations.
References
American indie pop musicians
American male songwriters
American activists
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Roberts%20%28indie%20musician%29 |
Rawal Jaisal (–1168), was a Bhati Rajput ruler of Jaisalmer who lived during the 12th century and founded the city of Jaisalmer and Jaisalmer state.
Sixth in descent from Rawal Deoraj Bhati, he was the eldest son of Rawal Dusaj of Deoraj (Deorawul), which had its capital at Laudrava. When his father appointed Jaisal's younger half-brother Vijayraj Lanjha as his successor, Vijayraj, upon ascending the throne, drove Jaisal out of the kingdom. Then Jaisal founded the Jaisalmer state and the city of Jaisalmer. He was married to daughter of Haibat Khan and named her as 'Somaldevi'.
His descendants were Maharajas of Kapurthala State, Nabha State, Patiala State, Jind State and Faridkot State.
Founding of Jaisalmer
While surveying Trikuta hill, a massive triangular rock rising more than 75 metres out of the surrounding sands, as a more secure location for a new capital, Rawal Jaisal met a sage called Eesul, who was staying on the rock. Upon learning that Jaisal was of Yaduvanshi descent, Eesul told him that according to ancient mythology Krishna and Bhima had come to this location for a ceremony, where Krishna had prophesied that a descendant of his Yaduvanshi clan would one day establish a kingdom here. Eesul showed him a spring which Krishna had created and his prophecy carved into a rock. This rock still remains in a well in the Jaisalmer fort. Encouraged by this meeting Jaisal moved his capital to this location and established it in 1156 in the form of a mud fort and named it Jaisalmer after himself.
References
Sources
Further reading
Year of death missing
Maharajas of Rajasthan
Jaisalmer
People from Jaisalmer district
Year of birth uncertain
Indian Hindus
Hindu monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawal%20Jaisal |
Turks in Germany, also referred to as German Turks and Turkish Germans (; ), are ethnic Turkish people living in Germany. These terms are also used to refer to German-born individuals who are of full or partial Turkish ancestry. Whilst the majority of Turks arrived or originate from Turkey, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities living in Germany who come from (or descend from) Southeastern Europe (i.e. Balkan Turks from Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia and Romania), the island of Cyprus (i.e. Turkish Cypriots from both the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus), as well as Turkish communities from other parts of the Levant (including Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria). At present, ethnic Turkish people form the largest ethnic minority in Germany. They also form the largest Turkish population in the Turkish diaspora.
Turks who immigrated to Germany brought cultural elements with them, including the Turkish language.
History
Turkish migration from the Seljuk Empire and the Rum Seljuk Sultanate
During a series of invading Crusades by European-Christian armies into lands ruled by Turkic rulers in the Middle East, namely under the Seljuk Turks in the Seljuk Empire and the Rum Seljuk Sultanate (but also the Bahri Mamluk Sultanate), many crusaders brought back Turkish male and female prisoners of war to Europe; women were generally baptised and then married whilst "every returning baron and count had [male] prisoners of war in his entourage." Some of the ('booty Turks') taken to Germany during the Crusades also included children and young adults.
The earliest documented Turk in Germany is believed to be (Mehmet Sadık Selim Sultan) (ca.1270-1328) from the Anatolian Seljuk lands. According to , Soltan was a Turkish officer who was captured by Count von Lechtomir (Reinhart von Württemberg) during his return to Germany from the Holy Land in 1291. By 1304 Soltan married Rebekka Dohlerin; he was baptised the following year as "Johann Soldan", but "out of special love to him", the Count "gave him a Turkish nobility coat of arms". Soldan and his wife had at least three sons, including Eberhardus, Christanianus and Melchior. Another source specifies that Soltan came with Count Reinhart von Württemberg to the residential town of Brackenheim in 1304 and was then baptised in 1305 at S. Johannis Church as "Johannes Soldan". There is also evidence that Soltan had a total of 12 sons born in 20 years with Anna Delcherin and Rebecca Bergmännin; eight of his sons passed to the clergy and do not appear in genealogy records due to compulsory celibacy associated with the clergy.
Soltan/Soldan's descendants, who were more widespread in south-west Germany, include notable German artists, scholars, doctors, lawyers and politicians. For example, through his maternal grandmother, the renowned German poet and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe belonged to the descendants of the Soldan family and thus had Turkish ancestry. Bernt Engelmann has said that "the German poet prince [i.e. Goethe] with oriental ancestors is by no means a rare exception." Indeed, other descendants of the first recorded Turk in Germany include the lawyer ; the city architects and wine masters Heinrich Soldan and his son Johann Soldan who both served as Mayor of Frankenberg; the sculptor and artist ; and the pharmacist Carl Soldan who founded the confectionery company "". Carl Soldan's grandson, Pery Soldan, has said that the family continue to use the crescent and star on their coat of arms. According to Latif Çelik, as of 2008, the Soldan family numbered 2,500 and are also found in Austria, Finland, France and Switzerland.
Turkish migration from the Ottoman Empire
The Turkish people had greater contact with the German states by the sixteenth century when the Ottoman Empire attempted to expand their territories beyond the north Balkan territories. The Ottoman Turks held two sieges in Vienna: the first Siege of Vienna in 1529 and the Second Siege of Vienna in 1683. The aftermath of the second siege provided the circumstances for a Turkish community to permanently settle in Germany.
Many Ottoman soldiers and camp followers who were left behind after the second siege of Vienna became stragglers or prisoners. It is estimated that at least 500 Turkish prisoners were forcibly settled in Germany. Historical records show that some Turks became traders or took up other professions, particularly in southern Germany. Some Turks fared very well in Germany; for example, one Ottoman Turk is recorded to have been raised to the Hanoverian nobility. Historical records also show that many Ottoman Turks converted to Christianity and became priests or pastors.
The aftermath of the second siege of Vienna led to a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League, known as the "Great Turkish War", or the "War of the Holy League", which led to a series of Ottoman defeats. Consequently, more Turks were taken by the Europeans as prisoners. The Turkish captives taken to Germany were not solely made up of men. For example, General Schöning took "two of the most beautiful women in the world" in Buda who later converted to Christianity. Another Turkish captive named Fatima became the mistress of Augustus II the Strong, Elector of Saxony of the Albertine line of the House of Wettin. Fatima and Augustus had two children: their son, Frederick Augustus Rutowsky, became the commander of the Saxon army in 1754-63 whilst their daughter, Maria Anna Katharina Rutowska, married into Polish nobility. Records show that at this point it was not uncommon for Turks in Germany to convert to Christianity. For example, records show that 28 Turks converted to Christianity and were settled in Württemberg.
With the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Turkish people continued to enter the German lands as soldiers employed by the Prussian kings. Historical records show that this was particularly evident with the expansion of Prussia in the mid-18th century. For example, in 1731, the Duke of Kurland presented twenty Turkish guardsmen to King Frederick William I, and at one time, about 1,000 Muslim soldiers are said to have served in the Prussian cavalry. The Prussian king's fascination with the Enlightenment was reflected in their consideration for the religious concerns of their Muslim troops. By 1740 Frederick the Great stated that:
By 1763, an Ottoman legation existed at the Prussian court in Berlin. Its third envoy, Ali Aziz Efendi, died in 1798 which led to the establishment of the first Muslim cemetery in Germany. However, several decades later, there was a need for another cemetery, as well as a mosque, and the Ottoman sultan Abdulaziz was given permission to patronize a mosque in Berlin in 1866.
Once trading treaties were established between the Ottomans and the Prussians in the nineteenth century, Turks and Germans were encouraged to cross over to each other's lands for trade. Consequently, the Turkish community in Germany, and particularly in Berlin, grew significantly (as did a German community in Istanbul) in the years before the First World War. These contacts influenced the building of various Turkish-style structures in Germany, such as the Yenidze cigarette factory in Dresden and the Dampfmaschinenhaus für Sanssouci pumping-station in Potsdam.
During this time, there were also marriages between Germans and Turks. For example, Karl Boy-Ed, who was the naval attaché to the German embassy in Washington during World War I, was born into a German-Turkish family.
Turkish migration from the Republic of Turkey
In the mid-twentieth century, West Germany experienced the Wirtschaftswunder ('economic miracle'); however, the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 exacerbated West Germany's labour crisis by restricting the flow of immigrants from East Germany. Consequently, in the same year, the West German government signed a labour recruitment agreement with the Republic of Turkey on 30 October 1961, and officially invited the Turkish people to emigrate to the country. By 1961–1962, German employers played a crucial role in pressuring the State to end the two-year limitation clause of the Gastarbeiter ('guest worker') agreement so that Turkish workers could stay in West Germany for longer.
As Turkish people of a Romani background came to Germany as guest workers, they were only seen as Turks by the local German population.
Most Turkish people who immigrated to West Germany intended to live there temporarily and then return to Turkey so that they could build a new life with the money they had earned. Indeed, return-migration had increased during the recession of 1966–1967, the 1973 oil crisis, followed by the policy of giving remigration bonuses in the early 1980s. However, the number of Turkish migrants who returned to Turkey ultimately remained relatively small compared to the number of Turkish immigrants arriving in Germany. This was partly due to the family reunification rights that were introduced in 1974 which allowed Turkish workers to bring their families to Germany. Consequently, between 1974 and 1988 the number of Turks in Germany nearly doubled, acquiring a normalised sex ratio and a much younger age profile than the German population. Once the recruitment of foreigner workers was reintroduced after the recession of 1967, the BfA () granted most work visas to women. This was in part because labour shortages continued in low paying, low-status service jobs such as electronics, textiles, and garment work; and in part to further the goal of family reunification.
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and the reunification of East and West Germany, was followed by intense public debate around the articulations of national identity and citizenship, including the place of Germany's Turkish minority in the future of a united Germany. These debates about citizenship were accompanied by expressions of xenophobia and ethnic violence that targeted the Turkish population. Anti-immigrant sentiment was especially strong in the former eastern states of Germany, which underwent profound social and economic transformations during the reunification process. Turkish communities experienced considerable fear for their safety throughout Germany, with some 1,500 reported cases of right wing violence, and 2,200 cases the year after. The political rhetoric calling for foreigner-free zones () and the rise of neo-Nazi groups sharpened public awareness of integration issues and generated intensified support among liberal Germans for the competing idea of Germany as a "multicultural" society. Citizenship laws that established eligibility according to place of birth rather than according to descent have been slow in coming and restrictions on dual citizenship are still onerous. However, increasing numbers of second-generation Turkish-Germans have opted for German citizenship and are becoming more involved in the political process.
Turkish migration from the Balkans
Bulgaria
Initially, Turkish Bulgarians arrived in Germany during the introduction of the family reunification laws of 1974; they were able to take advantage of this law despite the very small number of Bulgarian citizens in Germany because some Turkish workers in Germany who arrived from Turkey were actually part of the Turkish minority who had left Bulgaria during the communist regime in the 1980s and still held Bulgarian citizenship, alongside their Turkish citizenship.
The migration of Turkish Bulgarians to Germany increased further once communism in Bulgaria ended in 1989. In particular, Turkish Bulgarians who did not join the massive migration wave to Turkey during the so-called "Revival Process" were faced with severe economic disadvantages and continued to face discrimination through state policies of Bulgarisation. Hence, from the early 1990s onwards many Bulgarian Turks sought asylum in Germany.
The number of Turkish speaking Roma people in Bulgaria in Germany has significantly increased since Bulgaria was admitted into the European Union, which has allowed many Bulgarian Turkish Roma to use the freedom of movement to enter Germany. The Bulgarian Turkish Roma have generally been attracted to Germany because they rely on the well-established Turkish-German community for gaining employment.
Thus, the social network of the first waves of political emigration, as well as the preservation of kinship, has opened an opportunity for many Turkish Bulgarian to continue to migrate to Western Europe, with the majority continuing to arrive in Germany. As a result, Turkish Roma from Bulgarian in Germany outnumber the large Turkish Roma Bulgarian diasporas in countries such as the Netherlands where they make up about 80% of Bulgarian citizens.
Greece
From the 1950s onwards, the Turkish minority of Greece, particularly the Turks of Western Thrace, began to immigrate to Germany alongside other Greek citizens. Whilst many Western Thrace Turks had intended to return to Greece after working for a number of years, a new Greek law was introduced which effectively forced the minority to remain in Germany. Article 19 of the 1955 Greek Constitution essentially stripped the Western Thrace Turks living abroad (particularly those in Germany and Turkey) of their Greek citizenship. According to Article 19 of the Greek Constitution
This law continued to affect Western Thrace Turks studying in Germany in the late 1980s, who intended to return to Greece. A report published by the Human Rights Watch in 1990 confirmed that:
Despite many being stripped of their Greek citizenship since 1955, migration of Western Thrace Turks to Germany has continued to increase significantly. Firstly, in the 1960s and 1970s many came to Germany because the Thracian tobacco industry was affected by a severe crisis and many tobacco growers lost their income. Between 1970 and 2010, approximately 40,000 Western Thrace Turks arrived in Western Europe, most of which settled in Germany. In addition, between 2010 and 2018, a further 30,000 Western Thrace Turks left for Western Europe due to the Greek government-debt crisis. Of these 70,000 immigrants (which excludes the numbers which arrived before 1970), around 80% live in Germany.
In 2013 Cemile Giousouf became the first Western Thrace Turk to become a member of the German parliament. She was the first Muslim to be elected for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.
North Macedonia
There has been migration from the Turkish Macedonian minority group which have come to Germany alongside other citizens of North Macedonia, including ethnic Macedonians and Albanian Macedonians.
In 2021, Furkan Çako, who is a former Macedonian minister and member of the Security Council, urged Turkish Macedonians living in Germany to participate in North Macedonia's 2021 census.
Romania
Between 2002 and 2011 there was a significant decrease in the population of the Turkish Romanian minority group due to the admission of Romania into the European Union and the subsequent relaxation of the travelling and migration regulations. Hence, Turkish Romanians, especially from the Dobruja region, have joined other Romanian citizens (e.g. ethnic Romanians, Tatars, etc.) in migrating mostly to Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain and the UK.
Turkish migration from the Levant
Cyprus
Turkish Cypriots migrants began to leave the island of Cyprus for Western Europe due to economic and political reasons in the 20th century, especially after the Cyprus crisis of 1963–64 and then the 1974 Cypriot coup d'état carried out by the Greek military junta which was followed by the reactionary Turkish invasion of the island. More recently, with the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, Turkish Cypriots who hold Cypriot citizenship have had the right to live and work across the European Union, including in Germany, as EU citizens. As of 2016, there are approximately 2,000 Turkish Cypriots in Germany, which is the second largest Turkish Cypriot diaspora in Western Europe (after the UK).
The TRNC (unrecognised) provides assistance to its Turkish Cypriots residents living in Germany via the TRNC Berlin Honorary Representative Office; the TRNC Köln Honorary Representative Office; the TRNC Bavarian Honorary Attaché; and the TRNC Bavarian Honorary Representative Office. These Representative Offices and Honorary Representatives also promote friendly relations between Northern Cyprus and Germany, as well as economic and cultural relations.
Lebanon
Due to the numerous wars in Lebanon since the 1970s onwards, many Turkish Lebanese people have sought refuge in Turkey and Europe, particularly in Germany. Indeed, many Lebanese Turks were aware of the large Turkish-German population and saw this as an opportunity to find work once settling in Europe. In particular, the largest wave of Turkish Lebanese migration occurred once the Israel-Lebanon war of 2006 began. During this period more than 20,000 Turks fled Lebanon, particularly from Beirut, and settled in European countries, including Germany.
Iraq
In 2008 there were 85,000 Iraqis living in Germany, of which approximately 7,000 were from the Turkish Iraqi minority group; hence, the Iraqi Turks formed around 8.5% of the total number of Iraqi citizens living in Germany. The majority of Iraqi Turks live in Munich.
Syria
Established in Germany, the , or STKYDA, ('Syrian Turkmen Culture and Solidarity Association – Europe') was the first Syrian Turkmen association to be launched in Europe. It was established in order to help the growing Syrian Turkmen community which arrived in the country since the European migrant crisis which started in 2014 and saw its peak in 2015. The association includes Syrian Turkmen youth activists originating from all Syrian cities and who are now living across Western European cities.
Turkish migration from the modern diaspora
In addition to ethnic Turkish people that have migrated to Germany from post-Ottoman modern nation-states, there has also been an increasing migration wave from the modern Turkish diaspora. For example, members of the Turkish Dutch community have also arrived in Germany as Dutch citizens. According to a study by Petra Wieke de Jong, focusing on second-generation Turkish-Dutch people specifically born between the years 1983 and 1992 only, 805 people from this age group and generation reported Germany as their country of emigration in 2001 to 2017. A further 1,761 people in this group did not report their emigration destination.
Demographics
Population
German state data and estimates
The German state does not allow citizens to self-declare their identity; consequently, the statistics published in the official German census does not show data on ethnicity. According to the 2011 census, 2.7 million German residents had a "migration background" from Turkey. However, this excludes ethnic Turks with both parents who were born with German citizenship as well as the significant ethnic Turkish communities which have migrated to Germany from the Balkans and the Levant. As early as 1997 (i.e. 14 years before the 2011 census), the Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl, said that there was already 3 million Turks living in Germany. Moreover, at the time of the 2011 census, a report published by the Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C. said that there were roughly 4 million Turks in Germany, of which 2 million had German citizenship. More recently, in 2013, the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, said that "Germany's Leitkultur needs to be accepted by Germany's seven million Turkish immigrants".
Academic estimates
Throughout the decades estimates by academics of the Turkish-German population have varied. In 1990, David Scott Bell et al. put it at between 2.5 million and 3 million Turks in Germany. A lower 1993 estimate by Stephen J. Blank et al. said there were 1.8 million Turks. The German Government's Special Commission on Integration estimated that there were more than 3 million Turks, including third-generation descendants, and that 79,000 new babies were born each year within the community. The estimate of three million was also given by other scholars in the mid-1990s. A higher estimate of 4 million Turks (including three generations) was reported by John Pilger in 1993 and the Deutsches Orient-Institut in 1994. Moreover, Marilya Veteto-Conrad said that in the German capital there was already "over a million Turks in Berlin alone" in 1996.
In 2003, Ina Kötter et al. said that there was "more than 4 million people of Turkish origin" in Germany; this has also been reiterated by other scholars. However, Michael Murphy Andregg said that by the 2000s "Germany was home to at least five million Turks"; various scholars have also given this estimate. Jytte Klausen cited German statistics in 2005 showing 2.4 million Turks, but acknowledged that unlike Catholics, Protestants, and Jews, the Turkish community cannot allocate their ethnic or religious identity in official counts. Indeed, a 2007 study by Clifford Geertz claimed that there was already "two million Turks in Berlin" alone. A higher estimate of 7 million Turks was given by Paul Gottfried in 2003, and Tessa Szyszkowitz quoted a senior European official who also said there was seven million Turks living in Germany in 2005.
As of 2020, numerous scholars have estimated that there are approximately 7 million Turks in Germany, including Graham E. Fuller, James G. Lacey, Daniela Coli, and George K. Zestos and Rachel N. Cooke. Non-academic reports published by The Times, the Foundation for Subsidiarity, and Marianne have also suggested this figure.
Settlements
The Turkish community in Germany is concentrated predominantly in urban centers. The vast majority are found in the former West Germany, particularly in industrial regions such as the states of North Rhine-Westphalia (where a third of Turkish Germans live), and Baden-Württemberg and the working-class neighbourhoods of cities like Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen, Bochum, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt, Hanover, Heidelberg, Mannheim, Mainz, Nuremberg, Munich, Stuttgart, Aachen and Wiesbaden. Among the German districts in 2011, Duisburg, Gelsenkirchen, Heilbronn, Herne and Ludwigshafen had the highest shares of migrants from Turkey according to census data.
Return migration
In regards to return-migration, many Turkish nationals and Turkish Germans have also migrated from Germany to Turkey, for retirement or professional reasons. Official German records show that there are 2.8 million "returnees"; however, the German Embassy in Ankara estimates the true number to be four million, acknowledging the differences in German official data and the realities of the under-reporting by migrants.
Integration
Turkish immigrants make up Germany's largest immigrant group and have been ranked last in Berlin Institute's integration ranking.
During a speech in Düsseldorf in 2011, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan urged Turks in Germany to integrate, but not assimilate, a statement that caused a political outcry in Germany.
The Turks in Turkey (especially more progressive-leaning, and those from large cities like Istanbul) can occasionally have somewhat negative views of the Turks in Germany, specifically (descendants of) the first Turkish Gastarbeiters, for their generally more conservative/Islamist political views, sometimes they are called almancı (literal translation "german-er", Almanya meaning "Germany" in Turkish). They are sometimes regarded as "having insufficiently assimilated by the Germans, yet having excessively assimilated by the Turks in the homeland".
Citizenship
For decades Turkish citizens in Germany were unable to become German citizens because of the traditional German construct of "nationhood". The legal notion of citizenship was based on "blood ties" of a German parent (jus sanguinis) – as opposed to citizenship based on country of birth and residence (jus soli). This adhered to the political notion that Germany was not a country of immigration. For this reason, only those who were of partial Turkish origin (and had one parent who was ethnically German) could obtain German citizenship.
In 1990 Germany's citizenship law was somewhat relaxed with the introduction of the Foreigner's Law; this gave Turkish workers the right to apply for a permanent residency permit after eight years of living in the country. In regards to people of Turkish origin born in Germany, who were also legally "foreign", they were given the right to acquire German citizenship at the age of eighteen, provided that they gave up their Turkish citizenship. Hence, they were deprived of the right to hold dual citizenship because it would increase the Turkish population in the country. Chancellor Helmut Kohl officially stated this as the main reason for denying dual citizenship in 1997 when he said the following:
Nonetheless, another citizenship reform law was soon introduced after Helmut Kohl finished his last term as Chancellor. The Citizenship Law of 1999, which was officially taken into effect on 1 January 2000, has facilitated the acquisition of German citizenship for people born outside of Germany, making it available to Turkish immigrants after eight years of legal residence in the country. The law's most innovative provision granted dual citizenship to Turkish-origin children born in Germany; however, this right to dual citizenship ends at age 23 and the bearers must decide whether to keep their German citizenship or the citizenship of their parent's country of birth.
Former Turkish citizens who have given up their citizenship can apply for the 'Blue Card' (), which gives them some rights in Turkey, such as the right to live and work in Turkey, the right to possess and inherit land or the right to inherit; however, they do not have the right to vote.
In 2011 the Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C. reported that as of 2005 there were 2 million Turks who already had German citizenship.
Culture
The Turkish people who immigrated to Germany brought their culture with them, including their language, religion, food, and arts. These cultural traditions have also been passed down to their descendants who maintain these values. Consequently, Turkish Germans have also exposed their culture to the greater German society. Numerous Turkish restaurants, grocery stores, teahouses, and mosques are scattered across Germany. The Turks in Germany have also been exposed to German culture, which has influenced the Turkish dialect spoken by the Turkish community in Germany.
Food
Turkish cuisine first arrived in Germany during the sixteenth century and was consumed among aristocratic circles. However, Turkish food became available to the greater German society from the mid-twentieth century onwards with the arrival of Turkish immigrants. By the early 1970s Turks began to open fast-food restaurants serving popular kebap dishes. Today there are Turkish restaurants scattered throughout the country selling popular dishes like döner kebap in take-away stalls to more authentic domestic foods in family-run restaurants. Since the 1970s, Turks have opened grocery stores and open-air markets where they sell ingredients suitable for Turkish home-cooking, such as spices, fruits, and vegetables.
Language
Turkish is the second most spoken language in Germany, after German. It was brought to the country by Turkish immigrants who spoke it as their first language. These immigrants mainly learned German through employment, mass media, and social settings, and it has now become a second language for many of them. Nonetheless, most Turkish immigrants have passed down their mother tongue to their children and descendants. In general, Turkish Germans become bilingual at an early age, learning Turkish at home and German in state schools; thereafter, a dialectal variety often remains in their repertoire of both languages.
Turkish Germans mainly speak the German language more fluently than their "domestic"-style Turkish language. Consequently, they often speak the Turkish language with a German accent or a modelled German dialect. It is also common within the community to modify the Turkish language by adding German grammatical and syntactical structures. Parents generally encourage their children to improve their Turkish language skills further by attending private Turkish classes or choosing Turkish as a subject at school. In some states of Germany the Turkish language has even been approved as a subject to be studied for the Abitur.
Turkish has also been influential in greater German society. For example, advertisements and banners in public spaces can be found written in Turkish. Hence, it is also familiar to other ethnic groups – it can even serve as a vernacular for some non-Turkish children and adolescents in urban neighborhoods with dominant Turkish communities.
It is also common within the Turkish community to code-switch between the German and Turkish languages. By the early 1990s a new sociolect called Kanak Sprak or was coined by the Turkish-German author Feridun Zaimoğlu to refer to the German "ghetto" dialect spoken by the Turkish youth. However, with the developing formation of a Turkish middle class in Germany, there is an increasing number of people of Turkish-origin who are proficient in using the standard German language, particularly in academia and the arts.
Religion
The Turkish people in Germany are predominantly Muslim and form the largest ethnic group which practices Islam in Germany. Since the 1960s, "Turkish" was seen as synonymous with "Muslim"; this is because Islam is considered to have a "Turkish character" in Germany. This Turkish character is particularly evident in the Ottoman/Turkish-style architecture of many mosques scattered across Germany. In 2016, approximately 2,000 of Germany's 3,000 mosques were Turkish, of which 900 were financed by the Diyanet İşleri Türk-İslam Birliği, an arm of the Turkish government, and the remainder by other political Turkish groups. There is an ethnic Turkish Christian community in Germany; most of them came from recent Muslim Turkish backgrounds.
Turkish mosques in Germany
Discrimination and anti-Turkism
Discrimination
In 1985 the German journalist Günter Wallraff shocked the German public with his internationally successful book Ganz unten ('In the Pits' or 'Way Down') in which he reported the discrimination faced by Turkish people in German society. He disguised himself as a Turkish worker called "Ali Levent" for over two years and took on minimal-wage jobs and confronted German institutions. He found that many employers did not register or insure their Turkish workers. Major employers like Thyssen did not give their Turkish workers adequate breaks and did not pay them their full wage.
It has been, and still is, also reported that Turkish-Germans were being discriminated against at school from early age and in workplaces. It has also been found that teachers discriminate against non-German sounding names and tend to give worse grades based on names alone. The studies showed that even though a student might have had the exact number of right and wrong answers, or the exact paper, the teachers favour German names.
This creates a vicious cycle where teachers favour students of German descent over non-Germans, including Turkish students, which results in worse education. This later results in Turkish people not being able to take what are deemed to be "higher-skill jobs", which nonetheless deepens the cracks in the cycle.
There are also the reports of discrimination against Turkish-Germans in other areas such as sports, one example being the discrimination against the football player Mesut Özil.
Attacks against the Turkish community in Germany
The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, and the reunification of Germany, saw a sharp rise in violent attacks against Turkish-Germans. A series of arson attacks, bombings, and shootings have targeted the Turkish community in both public and private spaces, such as in their homes, cultural centres, and businesses. Consequently, many victims have been killed or severely injured by these attacks.
On 27 October 1991, , a 19-year-old student from Kreuzberg, along with his four Turkish friends were involved in a violent confrontation with three German brothers. As a consequence, Ekşi died due to head injuries caused with a baseball bat which was wrested by the 25-year-old attacker from Ekşi's friend. His death sparked a massive outrage in the local Turkish community alleging fascist motives. This was, however, dismissed by a court as an "overreaction" while acknowledging and condemning open and hidden xenophobia in Germany. His funeral in November 1991 was attended by 5,000 people.
A year after Ekşi's murder, on 22 November 1992, two Turkish girls, Ayşe Yılmaz and Yeliz Arslan, and their grandmother, Bahide Arslan, were killed by two neo-Nazis in an arson attack in their home in Mölln.
On 9 March 1993, , aged 56, was attacked by two members of the German anti-immigrant political party "The Republicans" whilst waiting at a bus stop in Mülheim. The attackers verbally assaulted him prompting a defensive reaction after which one of the attackers threatened him with a gun pointing at his head. Demiral suffered a heart-attack and died at the scene of the crime.
Two months later, on 28 May 1993, four young neo-Nazi German men aged 16–23 set fire to the house of a Turkish family in Solingen. Three girls and two women died and 14 other members of the extended family were severely injured in the attack. German Chancellor Helmut Kohl did not attend the memorial services.
Neo-Nazi attacks continued throughout the 1990s. On 18 February 1994, the Bayram family were attacked on their doorstep by a neo-Nazi neighbour in Darmstadt. The attack was not well publicised until one of the victims, Aslı Bayram, was crowned Miss Germany in 2005. The armed neo-Nazi neighbour shot Aslı on her left arm and then the attacker shot Aslı's father, Ali Bayram, who died from the gunshot.
Between 2000 and 2006 several Turkish shopkeepers were attacked in numerous cities in Germany. The attacks were called the "Bosphorus serial murders" () by the German authorities or pejoratively "Kebab murders" () by the press – which saw eight Turkish and one Greek person killed. Initially, the German media suspected that Turkish gangs were behind these murders. However, by 2011 it came to light that the perpetrators were in fact the neo-Nazi group the National Socialist Underground. This neo-Nazi group was also responsible for the June 2004 Cologne bombing which resulted in 22 Turkish people being injured.
On 3 February 2008, nine Turkish people, including five children, died in a blaze in Ludwigshafen (de). While there have been speculations by the Turkish media about the origin of the fire suspecting an arson attack and allegations of slow fire response time, these were rejected by an investigation and the cause of the fire was determined to have been an electrical fault. Nevertheless, many German and Turkish politicians including Turkish prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan together with locally elected MP of the German parliament and appointed Minister of State for Integration in the Federal Chancellery and German Federal Government Commissioner for Migration, Refugees and Integration Maria Böhmer or Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate Kurt Beck visited the site to express their condolences. Chancellor Angela Merkel was criticised for not attending a demonstration held in memory of the victims by 16,000 people.
Not all attacks on Turks have been perpetrated by neo-Nazi right-wing Germans: for example, the perpetrator of a mass shooting in Munich on 22 July 2016 who deliberately targeted people of Turkish and Arab origin. On that day, he killed nine victims, of which four victims were of Turkish origin: Can Leyla, aged 14, Selçuk Kılıç, aged 17, and Sevda Dağ, aged 45; as well as Hüseyin Dayıcık, aged 19, who was a Greek national of Turkish origin.
On 19 February 2020, a German neo-Nazi who expressed hate for non-German people, carried out two mass shootings in the city of Hanau, killing nine foreigners. He then returned to his home, killed his mother and committed suicide. Five of the nine victims were Turkish citizens.
On 2 April 2020, in Hamburg, a German family of Turkish descent claimed to have received a threatening letter with xenophobic content allegedly containing the coronavirus.
Crime
Turkish gangs
In 2014, the annual report into organized crime, presented in Berlin by interior minister Thomas de Maizière, showed that there were 57 Turkish gangs in Germany. In 2016, the Die Welt and Bild reported that new Turkish motorbike gang, the Osmanen Germania is growing rapidly. The Hannoversche Allgemeine newspaper claimed that the Osmanen Germania is advancing more and more into red-light districts, which increases the likelihood of a bloody territorial battle with established gangs like the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club.
Turkish ultra-nationalist movements
As a result of the immigration wave in the 1960s and 1970s, far right and ultranationalist organisations established themselves in Germany such as the Grey Wolves, , (ATB) and (ATIB). In 2017, ATB and ATIB together had about 303 locations with 18,500 members.
Popular culture
Media
Films
The first phase in Turkish-German Cinema began in the 1970s and lasted through to the 1980s; it involved writers placing much of their attention on story-lines that represented the living and working conditions of the Turkish immigrant workers in Germany. By the 1990s a second phase shifted towards focusing more on mass entertainment and involved the work of Turkish and German-born Turkish German filmmakers. Critical engagements in story-telling increased further by the turn of the twenty-first century. Numerous films of the 1990s onwards launched the careers of many film directors, writers, and actors and actresses.
Fatih Akin's films, which often examine the place of the Turkish diaspora in Germany, have won numerous awards and have launched the careers of many of its cast including Short Sharp Shock (1998) starring Mehmet Kurtuluş and İdil Üner; Head-On (2004) starring Birol Ünel and Sibel Kekilli; Kebab Connection (2004) starring Denis Moschitto; The Edge of Heaven (2007) starring Baki Davrak; and Soul Kitchen (2009) starring Birol Ünel.
Other notable films which have a transnational context include Feridun Zaimoğlu's book-turned-film (2000); (2004); and Özgür Yıldırım's Chiko (2008). Several Turkish-German comedy films have also intentionally used comical stereotypes to encourage its viewers to question their preconceived ideas of "the Other", such as Züli Aladağ's film 300 Worte Deutsch ("300 words of German", 2013), starring Almila Bagriacik, , Aykut Kayacık, and Vedat Erincin. Similarly, other recent Turkish-German comedies like Meine verrückte türkische Hochzeit (, 2006), starring Hilmi Sözer, Ercan Özçelik, Aykut Kayacık, and Özay Fecht, and the film (2009), starring numerous Turkish-German actors such as Demir Gökgöl, Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Erden Alkan, Gandi Mukli, Hülya Duyar, Jale Arıkan, Lilay Huser, Meral Perin, Mürtüz Yolcu, Sema Meray, and Sinan Akkuş, have emphasised how the Turkish and German cultures come together in contemporary German society. By focusing on similarities and differences of the two cultures using comedy, these films have shifted from the earlier Turkish-German drama films of the 1980s which focused on culture clashes; in its place, these films have celebrated integration and interethnic romance.
By 2011 Yasemin Şamdereli and Nesrin Şamdereli's comedy film Almanya: Welcome to Germany, starring Aylin Tezel and Fahri Yardım, premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and was attended by the German President and the Turkish Ambassador to celebrate fifty years since the mass migration of Turkish workers to Germany. Indeed, stories confronting Turkish labour migration, and debates about integration, multiculturalism, and identity, are reoccurring themes in Turkish-German cinema.
Nonetheless, not all films directed, produced or written by Turkish Germans are necessarily about the "Turkish-experience" in Germany. Several Turkish Germans have been involved in other genres, such as Bülent Akinci who directed the German drama Running on Empty (2006), Mennan Yapo who has directed the American supernatural thriller Premonition (2007), and Thomas Arslan who directed the German Western film Gold (2013).
Several Turkish-origin actors from Germany have also starred in Turkish films, such as Haluk Piyes who starred in O da beni seviyor (2001).
Television
In the first decade of the twenty-first century several German television series in which the experience of Turkish-Germans as a major theme gained popularity in Germany and in some cases gained popularity abroad too. For example, Sinan Toprak ist der Unbestechliche ("Sinan Toprak is the Incorruptible", 2001–2002) and Mordkommission Istanbul ("Homicide Unit Istanbul", 2008–present) which both star Erol Sander. In 2005 Tevfik Başer's book ("Time of Wishes") was turned into a primetime TV German movie starring Erhan Emre, Lale Yavaş, Tim Seyfi, and Hilmi Sözer, and won the prestigious Adolf Grimme Prize. Another popular Turkish-German TV series was Alle lieben Jimmy ("Everybody Loves Jimmy", 2006–2007) starring and Gülcan Kamps. Due to the success of , it was made into a Turkish series called – making it the first German series to be exported to Turkey.
By 2006 the award-winning German television comedy-drama series Türkisch für Anfänger ('Turkish for Beginners', 2006–2009) became one of the most popular shows in Germany. The critically acclaimed series was also shown in more than 70 other countries. Created by Bora Dağtekin, the plot is based on interethnic-relations between German and Turkish people. Adnan Maral plays the role of a widower of two children who marries an ethnic German mother of two children – forming the Öztürk-Schneider family. The comedy consisted of fifty-two episodes and three seasons. By 2012 was made into a feature film; it was the most successful German film of the year with an audience of 2.5 million.
Other notable Turkish-origin actors on German television include Erdoğan Atalay, , , , Özgür Özata, , and .
Whilst Turkish-origin journalists are still underrepresented, several have made successful careers as reporters and TV presenters including and Nazan Eckes.
Many Turkish Germans have also starred in numerous critically acclaimed Turkish drama series. For example, numerous actors and actresses in Muhteşem Yüzyıl were born in Germany, including Meryem Uzerli, Nur Fettahoğlu, Selma Ergeç, and Ozan Güven. Other popular Turkish-German performers in Turkey include Fahriye Evcen who has starred in Yaprak Dökümü and Kurt Seyit ve Şura.
Comedy
One of the first comedians of Turkish origin to begin a career as a mainstream comedian is Django Asül who began his career in satire in the 1990s. Another very successful comedian is Bülent Ceylan, who performed his first solo show "Doner for one" in 2002. By 2011 the broadcasting agency RTL aired Ceylan's own comedy show The Bulent Ceylan Show. Other notable comedians include , , , , Kaya Yanar, and female comedian .
Literature
Since the 1960s Turkish people in Germany have produced a range of literature. Their work became widely available from the late 1970s onwards, when Turkish-origin writers began to gain sponsorships by German institutions and major publishing houses. Some of the most notable writers of Turkish origin in Germany include Akif Pirinçci, Alev Tekinay, Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Feridun Zaimoğlu, Necla Kelek, Renan Demirkan, and Zafer Şenocak. These writers approach a broad range of historical, social and political issues, such as identity, gender, racism, and language. In particular, German audiences have often been captivated by Oriental depictions of the Turkish community.
Music
In the mid-twentieth century the Turkish immigrant community in Germany mostly followed the music industry in Turkey, particularly pop music and Turkish folk music. Hence, the Turkish music industry became very profitable in Germany. By the 1970s, the "arabesque" genre erupted in Turkey and became particularly popular among Turks in Germany. These songs were often played and sang by the Turkish community in Germany in coffee houses and taverns that replicated those in Turkey. These spaces also provided the first stage for semi-professional and professional musicians. Consequently, by the end of the 1960s, some Turks in Germany began to produce their own music, such as who took up themes of the Turkish immigration journey and their working conditions.
By the 1990s the Turkish Germans became more influential in the music industry in both Germany and Turkey. In general, many Turkish Germans were brought up listening to Turkish pop music, which greatly influenced the music they began to produce. They were also influenced by hip-hop music and rap music.
Since the 1990s, the Turkish-German music scene has developed creative and successful new styles, such as "Oriental pop and rap" and "R'n'Besk" – a fusion of Turkish arabesque songs and R&B music. Examples of Oriental-pop and rap emerged in the early 2000s with Bassturk's first single "" ("Side by Side"). The "R'n'Besk"-style gained popularity in Germany with Muhabbet's 2005 single "" ("She lies in my Arms"). By 2007 Muhabbet released the song "" ("Germany"); the lyrics appeal to Germans to finally accept the Turkish immigrants living in the country.
In 2015 several Turkish-German musicians released the song "" ("You are one of us"). The vocalists included Eko Fresh, Elif Batman, Mehtab Guitar, , and . , Ercandize, Serdar Bogatekin, and Zafer Kurus were also involved in the production. The song was used in a campaign to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Ay Yildiz telephone network and was extensively broadcast on TV and radio. Thereafter, a competition and group was formed called / ("The voice of the new generation") to find new Turkish-German talent and "" was re-released with different lyrics.
Other Turkish-origin musicians in the German music industry include Bahar Kızıl (from the former girl-group Monrose), and winner of Germany's "Star Search" Martin Kesici.
Several Turkish-origin singers born in Germany have also launched their careers in Turkey, such as Akın Eldes, Aylin Aslım, , İsmail YK, Ozan Musluoğlu, Pamela Spence, and Tarkan. The German-born Turkish Cypriot pianist Rüya Taner has also launched her career in Turkey.
There are also some musicians who perform and produce songs in the English language, such as Alev Lenz, DJ Quicksilver, DJ Sakin, and Mousse T.
Rappers
Especially in the 1990s, Turkish-German rap groups have sold hundreds of thousands of albums and singles in Turkey, telling their stories of integration and assimilation struggles they experienced due to discrimination they faced during their upbringing in Germany.
Sports
Football
Men's football
Many football players of Turkish origin in Germany have been successful in first-division German and Turkish football clubs, as well as other European clubs. However, in regards to playing for national teams, many players of Turkish origin who were born in Germany have chosen to play for the Turkish national football team. Nonetheless, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of players choosing to represent Germany.
The first person of Turkish descent to play for the Germany national football team was Mehmet Scholl in 1993, followed by Mustafa Doğan in 1999 and Malik Fathi in 2006. Since the twenty-first century there has been an increase in German-born individuals of Turkish origin opting to play for Germany, including Serdar Tasci and Suat Serdar, Kerem Demirbay, Emre Can, İlkay Gündoğan, Mesut Özil,. Of those, Mesut Özil played the most matches for Germany (92 apps). His photo with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (together with Ilkay Gündogan and Cenk Tosun) just before the World Cup 2018 and his subsequent retirement after World Cup led to a controversy as well as political and
social discussion. In his retirement statement, Özil also reported about racism experiences after his photo with Erdoğan.
Those who have chosen to retain their Turkish citizenship and who have competed for Turkey include Cenk Tosun, Ceyhun Gülselam, Gökhan Töre, Hakan Balta, Hakan Çalhanoğlu, Halil Altıntop, Hamit Altıntop, İlhan Mansız, Nuri Şahin, Ogün Temizkanoğlu, Olcay Şahan, Mehmet Ekici, Serhat Akin, Tayfun Korkut, Tayfur Havutçu, Tunay Torun, Ümit Davala, Umit Karan, Volkan Arslan, Yıldıray Baştürk, Yunus Mallı, Kaan Ayhan, Ahmed Kutucu, Levin Öztunalı, Kenan Karaman, Ömer Toprak, Salih Özcan, Nazim Sangaré, Güven Yalçın, Berkay Özcan and Hasan Ali Kaldırım.
Many Turkish Germans have also played for other national football teams; for example, Turkish German football players in the Azerbaijan national football team include Ufuk Budak, Tuğrul Erat, Ali Gökdemir, Taşkın İlter, Cihan Özkara, Uğur Pamuk, Fatih Şanlı, and .
Several Turkish-German professional football players have also continued their careers as football managers such as Kenan Kocak, Hüseyin Eroğlu, Tayfun Korkut and Eddy Sözer. In addition, there are also several Turkish-German referees, including Deniz Aytekin.
Women's football
In regards to women's football, several players have chosen to play for the Turkish women's national football team, including Aylin Yaren, Aycan Yanaç, Melike Pekel, Dilan Ağgül, Selin Dişli, Arzu Karabulut, Ecem Cumert, Fatma Kara, Fatma Işık, Ebru Uzungüney and Feride Bakır.
There are also players who plays for the German women's football national football team, including Sara Doorsoun and Hasret Kayıkçı.
Turkish-German football clubs
The Turkish community in Germany has also been active in establishing their own football clubs such as Berlin Türkspor 1965 (established in 1965) and Türkiyemspor Berlin (established in 1978). Türkiyemspor Berlin were the Champions in the Berlin-Liga in the year 2000. They were the winners of the Berliner Landespokal in 1988, 1990, and 1991.
Türkgücü München, established in 1975, play in the 3. Liga.
Politics
German politics
The Turks in Germany began to be active in politics by establishing associations and federations in the 1960s and 1970s – though these were mainly based on Turkish politics rather than German politics. The first significant step towards active German politics occurred in 1987 when Sevim Çelebi became the first person of Turkish origin to be elected as an MP in the West Berlin Parliament.
With the reunification of East Germany and West Germany, unemployment in the country had increased and some political parties, particularly the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), used anti-immigration discourses as a political tool in their campaigns. To counter this, many people of Turkish origin became more politically active and began to work in local elections and in the young branches of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the Green Party. Several associations were founded by almost all German parties to organise meetings for Turkish voters. This played an important gateway for those who aspired to become politicians.
Federal Parliament
In 1994 from the SPD and Cem Özdemir from the Green Party became MPs in the Federal Parliament. They were both re-elected in the 1998 elections and were joined by Ekin Deligöz from the Green party. Deligöz and Özdemir were both re-elected as MPs for the Greens and Lale Akgün was elected as an MP for the SPD in the 2002 elections. Thereafter, Deligöz and Akgün were successful in being re-elected in the 2005 elections; the two female politicians were joined by Hakkı Keskin who was elected as an MP for the Left Party.
By the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century, the number of German MPs of Turkish origin remained similar to the previous elections. In the 2009 elections Ekin Deligöz and Mehmet Kılıç were elected for the Greens, Aydan Özoğuz for the SPD, and for the FDP. Nonetheless, several Turkish-origin politicians were successful in becoming ministers and co-chairs of political parties. For example, in 2008 Cem Özdemir became the co-chair of the Green Party. In 2010 Aygül Özkan was appointed as the Women, Family, Health and Integration Minister, making her the first ever minister of Turkish origin or the Muslim faith. In the same year, Aydan Özoğuz was elected as deputy chairperson of the SPD party. By 2011, from the SPD was appointed as Integration Minister in the Baden-Württemberg State.
Since the 2013 German elections, Turkish-origin MPs have been elected into Federal Parliament from four different parties. Cemile Giousouf, whose parents immigrated from Greece, became the first person of Western Thracian Turkish-origin to become an MP. Giousouf was the first Turkish-origin MP and first Muslim to be elected from the CDU party. Five MPs of Turkish-origin were elected from the SPD party including Aydan Özoğuz, Cansel Kiziltepe, Gülistan Yüksel, Metin Hakverdi and Mahmut Özdemir. Özdemir, at the time of his election, became the youngest MP in the German Parliament. For the Green Party, Cem Özdemir, Ekin Deligöz and Özcan Mutlu were elected as MPs, and Azize Tank for the Left Party.
European Parliament
In 1989 from the SPD party was the first person of Turkish-origin to be a member of the European Parliament for Germany. By 2004 Cem Özdemir and Vural Öger also became members of the European Parliament. Since then, Ismail Ertug was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in 2009 and was re-elected in 2014.
Turkish-German political parties
Turkish politics
Some Turks born or raised in Germany have entered Turkish politics. For example, Siegen-born, Justice and Development Party (AKP) affiliated Akif Çağatay Kılıç has been the Minister of Youth and Sports of Turkey since 2013.
Germany is effectively Turkey's 4th largest electoral district. Around a third of this constituency vote in Turkish elections (570,000 in the 2015 parliamentary elections), and the share of conservative votes for the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is even higher than in Turkey itself. Following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, huge pro-Erdogan demonstrations were held by Turkish citizens in German cities. The Economist suggested that this would make it difficult for Germany politicians to criticize Erdogan's policies and tactics. However, equally huge demonstrations by Turkish Kurds were also held in Germany some weeks later against Erdogan's 2016 Turkish purges and against the detention the HDP party co-chairpersons Selahattin Demirtaş and Figen Yüksekdağ in Turkey.
Notable people
See also
List of Turkish Germans
List of German locations named after people and places of Turkish origin
Turks in Berlin
Germany–Turkey relations
Turkish diaspora
Turks in Europe
Turks in Austria
Turks in France
Turks in the Netherlands
Turks in Liechtenstein
Turks in Russia
Turks in Switzerland
Turks in the United Kingdom
Turkish Americans
References
Bibliography
External links
Relations between Turkey and Germany at the German Federal Foreign Office
"Germany's guest workers mark 40 years", by Rob Broomby, BBC News
Berlin Türk Kulübü
Turkish Flair in Berlin
Citizenship Test
Migrants in Germany
Islam in Germany
Labor in Germany
Middle Eastern diaspora in Germany
Muslim communities in Europe
Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks%20in%20Germany |
Satriale's Pork Store is a fictional establishment on the HBO series The Sopranos. During the 1970s, the pork store was taken over by Johnny Soprano, a capo in the DiMeo crime family, when Francis Satriale failed to make payments on a gambling debt. It became a regular hangout for current members of the DiMeo crime family.
The filming location was in Kearny, New Jersey. Satriale's Pork Store was recreated at 42 Market Street in Paterson () in 2019 for the filming of The Many Saints of Newark, a prequel to The Sopranos.
Location
Satriale's Pork Store is a meat market in Kearny, New Jersey. Although a mob-owned establishment, Satriale's runs a legitimate business, selling a variety of meats, pork, and sausage, along with deli-style sandwiches. The store has a coffee bar that sells pastries and espresso, as seen in several episodes. In the large storefront windows hang cured hams and trussed pig carcasses, coils of pink-and-beige sausages, including a denuded chicken with its beak still in place.
In the episode "Pilot," Silvio Dante tells Tony, Paulie and the gang that his wife Gabriella Dante sends him to the store regularly because she thinks it sells the best capicola. FBI Agent Dwight Harris, who investigates Tony Soprano and the members of his family throughout the show, loves their veal parmesan sandwiches.
In the episode "Toodle-Fucking-Oo," Silvio tells Richie Aprile that Tony no longer discusses mob business directly with his capos, using Silvio Dante as an intermediary, and never discusses mob business at Satriale's anymore because of FBI surveillance. This angers Richie. Satriale's is prominently featured in the video game The Sopranos: Road to Respect.
The interior walls of the storeroom where Emil "E-Mail" Kolar is murdered by Christopher Moltisanti have black and white framed photographs of classic actors and entertainers, like Humphrey Bogart, Frank Sinatra, Edward G. Robinson and Dean Martin, hanging on the walls. These actors were known to portray anti-hero mob characters and in some cases associated with real mobsters during their careers.
Satriale's is possibly based on Sacco's Meat Market located at 806 3rd Avenue in Elizabeth, New Jersey which served as the unofficial criminal headquarters of "Uncle Joe" Giacobbe, a veteran made man in the DeCavalcante crime family.
Production
The pork store was called Centanni's Meat Market () in the pilot episode, an actual butchery in Elizabeth, New Jersey.
After the series was picked up by HBO, the producers leased a building with a store front in Kearny, New Jersey which served as the shooting location for exterior and interior scenes for the remainder of production, renamed Satriale's Pork Store.
After the series ended, the building was demolished.
The owner intended to sell bricks as souvenirs.
The location inspired a deli of the same name in Sydney, Australia.
Important events that occurred in Satriale's
Tony Soprano witnessed a violent encounter involving Mr. Satriale and his father, leading to his first panic attack later that day.
Christopher Moltisanti shot his first victim, Emil Kolar, in the rear of the store.
Silvio Dante and Paulie Gualtieri beat Ariel, the son-in-law of Shlomo Teittleman in a room on the upper floor of the store and debate with Tony whether or not to murder him.
After an explosive argument where Tony yells at Christopher and Brendan Filone about their successful hijacking of a Comley Trucking transport truck, a trucking company that operates under the "protection" of Tony's uncle Corrado Soprano, Brendan is picked up and thrown out of the back room and into the kitchen where he rolls over a table of fresh meat chops. He made the statement that Tony is really the boss of the family since Jackie Aprile Sr. became the "Chemo-sabe", a reference to Jackie's cancer. This greatly angers Tony.
Christopher and Furio Giunta disposed of Richie Aprile's remains by using the meat saw and butcher's knives to dismember his body.
Tony and Ralph Cifaretto are forced to make a decision regarding Jackie Aprile, Jr.'s future.
Finn revealed to Tony and other capos and associates his encounter with Vito two years prior when Vito was giving oral sex to a security guard in a car. Finn's story played a pivotal role in determining whether the rumors of Vito's sexuality were true.
Tony meets with Bobby Baccalieri to discuss the takeover of Corrado Soprano's businesses and where the DiMeo crime family stands at that time.
Silvio Dante and Carlo Gervasi murder Lupertazzi family soldier Fat Dom Giamello after he makes a series of jokes concerning Vito's murder and the sexual preferences of New Jersey men.
Tony Blundetto gives Silvio Dante, Paulie Gualtieri, and Vito Spatafore back massages and angers Tony Soprano by speaking back to him in front of his fellow mobsters.
Agent Harris plies Tony for information on suspected terrorists and warns him about the attempt on his life from Phil Leotardo.
Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero dresses as Santa Claus for the neighborhood children and gives out toys every Christmas. During one Christmas Eve Salvatore becomes drunk and temperamental angering some of the children. It is later surmised that Bonpensiero was wearing a secretly hidden FBI wire on his person during the festivities. After he is murdered, Bobby Baccalieri assumes the role of Santa Claus.
See also
Bada Bing!
References
External links
Fictional shops
The Sopranos
Fictional restaurants
Kearny, New Jersey
Front organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satriale%27s%20Pork%20Store |
Tamilakam () is the geographical region inhabited by the ancient Tamil people, covering the southernmost region of the Indian subcontinent. Tamilakam covered today's Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Lakshadweep and southern parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Traditional accounts and the Tolkāppiyam referred to these territories as a single cultural area, where Tamil was the natural language and permeated the culture of all its inhabitants. The ancient Tamil country was divided into kingdoms. The best known among them were the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyans and Pallavas. During the Sangam period, Tamil culture began to spread outside Tamilakam. Ancient Tamil settlements were also established in Sri Lanka (Sri Lankan Tamils) and the Maldives (Giravarus).
During the Prehistorical, Classical, Middle and Early Modern ages, the entire region of Tamilakam remained unconquered by the Northern Indo-Aryan dynasties, ranging from the Maurya Empire to the Mughal Empire.
In contemporary India, Tamil politicians and orators often use the name Tamilakam to refer to Tamil Nadu alone.
Etymology
"Tamiḻakam" is a portmanteau of a word and suffix from the Tamil language, namely Tamiḻ and -akam. It can be roughly translated as the "home of Tamil". According to Kamil Zvelebil, the term seems to be the most ancient term used to designate Tamil territory in the Indian subcontinent.
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, as well as Ptolemy's writings, mention the term "Limyrike" which corresponds to the Malabar Coast of south-western India. The Roman map Tabula Peutingeriana includes a place named "Damirica" (or "Damirice") and because this sounds like "Tamil," some modern scholars have equated it with Limyrike, considering both to be synonyms of "Tamilakam". However, the "Damirice" mentioned in the Tabula Peutingeriana actually refers to an area between the Himalayas and the Ganges.
Extent
The term "Tamilakam" appears to be the most ancient term used for designating the Tamil territory. The earliest sources to mention it include Purananuru 168.18 and Patiṟṟuppattu Patikam 2.5. The Specific Preface (cirappuppayiram) of the more ancient text Tolkāppiyam mentions the terms tamil-kuru nal-lulakam ("the beautiful world [where] Tamil is spoken") and centamil ... nilam ("the territory ... of refined Tamil"). However, this preface, which is of uncertain date, is definitely a later addition to the original Tolkāppiyam. According to the Tolkāppiyam preface, "the virtuous land in which Tamil is spoken as the mother tongue lies between the northern Venkata hill and the southern Kumari."
The Silappadikaram () defines the Tamilakam as follows:
While these ancient texts do not clearly define the eastern and western boundaries of the Tamilakam, scholars assume that these boundaries were the seas, which may explain their omission from the ancient definition. The ancient Tamilakam thus included the present-day Kerala. However, it excluded the present-day Tamil-inhabited territory in the North-East of Sri Lanka.
Subdivisions
Kingdoms
From around 600 BCE to 300 CE, Tamiḻakam was ruled by the three Tamil dynasties: the Chola dynasty, the Pandyan dynasty and the Chera dynasty. There were also a few independent chieftains, the Velirs (Satyaputra). The earliest datable references to the Tamil kingdoms are in inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE during the time of the Maurya Empire.
The Chola dynasty ruled from before the Sangam period (~3rd century BCE) until the 13th century in central Tamil Nadu. The heartland of the Cholas was the fertile valley of the Kaveri. The Pandyan dynasty ruled parts of South India until the late 17th century. The heartland of the Pandyas was the fertile valley of the Vaigai River. They initially ruled their country from Korkai, a seaport on the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula, and in later times moved to Madurai. The Chera dynasty ruled from before the Sangam period (~3rd century) until the 12th century over an area corresponding to modern-day western Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
The Vealirs (Vēḷir) were minor dynastic kings and aristocratic chieftains in Tamiḻakam in the early historic period of South India.
Nations of Tamilakam
Tamiḻakam was divided into political regions called Perunadu or "Great country" ("nadu" means country).
There were three important political regions which were Chera Nadu, Chola Nadu and Pandya Nadu. Alongside these three, there were two more political regions of Athiyaman Nadu (Sathyaputha) and Thamirabharani Nadu (Then Paandi) which were later on absorbed into Chera and Pandya Nadu by 3rd century BCE. Tondai Nadu which was under Chola Nadu, later emerged as independent Pallava Nadu by 6th century CE.
Tamilakam was also divided into 13 socio-geographical regions called Nadu or "country", each of which had their own dialect of Tamil.
Thenpandi Nadu
Panri Nadu
Kuda Nadu
Punal Nadu
Puzhi Nadu
Venadu
Aruva Nadu
Kakkanadu
Kuttanadu
Aruva Vadathalai Nadu
Sida Nadu
Erumai Nadu
Malai Nadu
Tulu Nadu
Nations outside Tamilakam
Some other Nadus are also mentioned in Tamil literature which were not part of Tamilakam, but the countries traded with them in ancient times.
Tamil speaking lands:
Eela Nadu (Eelam)
Naga Nadu or Yazh Kuthanadu (Jaffna Peninsula)
Vanni Nadu (Vanni region)
Other:
Vengi Nadu
Chavaka Nadu (Java)
Kadara Nadu (Kedah)
Kalinga Nadu
Singhala Nadu
Vadugu Nadu
Kannada Nadu (Land of Kannada people)
Telunka Nadu (Land of Telugu people)
Kolla Nadu
Vanka Nadu
Magadha Nadu
Kucala Nadu
Konkana Nadu
Kampocha Nadu (Cambodia)
Palantivu Nadu (Maldives)
Kupaka Nadu
Marattha Nadu
Vatuka Nadu
Tinmaitivu (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
Geocultural unity
Although the area covered by the term "Tamilakam" was divided among multiple kingdoms, its occurrence in the ancient literature implies that the region's inhabitants shared a cultural or ethnic identity, or at least regarded themselves as distinct from their neighbours. The ancient Tamil inscriptions, ranging from 5th century BCE to 3rd century CE, are also considered as linguistic evidence for distinguishing Tamilakam from the rest of South India. The ancient non-Tamil inscriptions, such as those of the northern kings Ashoka and Kharavela, also allude to the distinct identity of the region. For example, Ashoka's inscriptions refer to the independent states lying beyond the southern boundary of his kingdom, and Kharavdela's Hathigumpha inscription refers to the destruction of a "confederacy of Tamil powers".
Interaction with Sri Lanka
With the advent of the early historical period in South India and the ascent of the three Tamil kingdoms in South India in the 6th century BCE, Tamil culture began to spread outside Tamiḻakam. Prior to 3rd century BCE, Tamil settlers arrived in Sri Lanka. The Annaicoddai seal, dated to the 3rd century BCE, contains a bilingual inscription in Tamil-Brahmi. Excavations in the area of Tissamaharama in southern Sri Lanka have unearthed locally issued coins produced between the second century BCE and the second century CE, some of which carry Tamil personal names written in early Tamil letters, which suggest that Tamil merchants were present and actively involved in trade along the southern coast of Sri Lanka by the late classical period. Around 237 BCE, "two adventurers from southern India" established the first Tamil domains in Sri Lanka. In 145 BCE Elara, a Chola general or prince known as Ellāḷaṉ took over the throne at Anuradhapura and ruled for forty-four years. Dutugamunu, a Sinhalese, started a war against him, defeated him, and took over the throne. Tamil Kings have been dated in Sri Lanka to at least the 3rd century BCE.
Religion
Hinduism (Vaishnavism, Kaumaram, Shaktism, Shaivism,), Dravidian folk religion, Jains and Buddhists have coexisted in Tamil country since at least the second century BCE.
Economy
Agriculture
Industry
See also
Sources of ancient Tamil history
Chronology of Tamil history
History of Tamil Nadu
History of Kerala
Notes
References
Sources
Printed sources
Ancient Tamil Nadu
1st-millennium BC establishments in India
Regions of Asia
Regions of Karnataka
Historical regions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilakam |
Future: Tense: The Coming World Order () is a 2004 book by Canadian journalist and author Gwynne Dyer. In it he examines the motivations and consequences of the 2003 U.S. invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq.
Arguments
In his book, Dyer makes the argument that:
the U.S. "neo-conservative agenda" included the invasion of a country as a demonstration of U.S. military power and a new willingness to operate in defiance of international co-operation and the UN;
Iraq was chosen because it was an unpopular government engaged in human rights violations and obstruction in implementing U.N. resolutions, and that therefore an invasion would elicit a minimum of antipathy from the world;
Iraq was also chosen because, while it was a potential long-term threat, the invasion would be low-risk as it was considered unlikely that Iraq possessed usable weapons of mass destruction;
oil was not a motivating factor, as military occupation is not the most cost-effective way to obtain oil;
undermining the UN's role in international security will result in the kind of security situation that existed in 1914;
the United States does not have the military assets or economic base to sustain a self-appointed role as the world's 'judge, jury and executioner';
His conclusion is that embarking on a mission of world domination without the ability to sustain it in the long term will lead to a dangerous increase in the chances of a world war.
Online resources
Full text available at Internet Archive
Iraq–United States relations
2004 books
Works by Gwynne Dyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future%3A%20Tense%3A%20The%20Coming%20World%20Order |
The Austrian Rugby Federation () is the governing body for rugby union in Austria.
The first documented game of rugby played in Austria occurred on April 14, 1912. The sport was being brought to Austria by two Englishmen hoping to expand the sports base. It was over sixty years, however, before rugby union took hold in Austria.
Vienna Celtic RFC was founded in 1978 and was the first rugby union club founded in Austria. The ÖRV was founded in 1990 and joined the International Rugby Board in 1992.
List of presidents
Thomas Gabriel (2001–2003)
Paul Duteil (2003-2007)
Andreas Schwab (2007-present)
List of vice presidents
Wolfgang Roehrer (2003-2007)
Renee Carmine-Jones (2007-present)
General secretary
Alexandra Langer-Hansel (2003-present)
National league coordinator
Martin Puchinger (2008-present)
Women's rugby development officer
Renee Carmine-Jones (2003-present)
Training and education coordinator
Renee Carmine-Jones (2007-present)
See also
Rugby union in Austria
Austria national rugby union team
References
External links
Österreichischer Rugby Verband - Official site
Women's Rugby Austria - Official site
Rugby union governing bodies in Europe
Rugby
Sports organizations established in 1990
1990 establishments in Austria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian%20Rugby%20Federation |
Florida Hills is a suburb of Johannesburg in Gauteng Province, South Africa. It lies to the northwest of downtown Johannesburg and north of Soweto. It is a suburb of Roodepoort.
References
Johannesburg Region C | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20Hills |
Trikuta is a three-peaked mountain near Jammu city in Jammu and Kashmir, India which is considered significant and holy in Hinduism.
Significance to history and Hinduism
Trikuta is one of the twenty mountains surrounding Maha Meru (Mount Meru) the home of Brahma. The height is said in the Bhagavata Purana to be 10,000 yojanas, and the three peaks are iron, silver and gold. The mountain is believed to be the second home of the divine goddess Durga. She was created with the power of the three goddesses to end evil; hence, the mountain is called Trikuta.
Trikuta in Jammu
Another Trikuta is located in Jammu,INDIA division. Trikuta, the triple peak, is where the holy shrine of Vaishno Devi can be found.
See also
Sacred mountains of India
References
Locations in Hindu mythology
Ancient Indian mountains
Places in the Ramayana
Katra, Jammu and Kashmir | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trikuta |
Masticophis is a genus of colubrid snakes, commonly referred to as whip snakes or coachwhips, which are endemic to the Americas. They are characterized by having a long, thin body and are not dangerous to humans.
Distribution and habitat
Species of Masticophis are found in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.
Description
Adults of species in the genus Masticophis may attain a total length (including tail) from 152 cm (5 ft) for M. lateralis to 259 cm (8.5 ft) for M. flagellum. A distinctive character of this genus is the shape of the frontal scale (the large scale in the center of the upper surface of the head) which is bell-shaped and elongated. At the rear of the body, the dorsal scales are arranged in only 13 rows.
Species and subspecies
The genus Masticophis contains eleven species that are recognized as being valid, five of which have recognized subspecies.
Masticophis anthonyi – Clarion Island whip snake
Masticophis aurigulus – Baja California striped whip snake
Masticophis barbouri – Baja California striped whip snake, Espiritu Santo striped whip snake
Masticophis bilineatus – Sonoran whip snake
Masticophis flagellum – coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum cingulum – Sonoran coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum flagellum – eastern coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum lineatulus – lined coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum piceus – red coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum ruddocki – San Joaquin coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum testaceus – western coachwhip
Masticophis fuliginosus – Baja California coachwhip
Masticophis lateralis – California whipsnake
Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus – Alameda striped racer
Masticophis lateralis lateralis – California striped racer
Masticophis mentovarius – neotropical whip snake
Masticophis mentovarius centralis
Masticophis mentovarius mentovarius
Masticophis mentovarius suborbitalis
Masticophis mentovarius striolatus
Masticophis mentovarius variolosus
Masticophis schotti – Schott's whip snake
Masticophis schotti ruthveni – Ruthven's whip snake
Masticophis schotti schotti – Schott's whip snake
Masticophis slevini – Isla San Esteban whipsnake, San Esteban Island whipsnake
Masticophis taeniatus – striped whip snake
Masticophis taeniatus girardi – Central Texas whip snake
Masticophis taeniatus taeniatus – desert striped whip snake
Nota bene: A binomial authority or trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species or subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Masticophis.
References
Further reading
Baird SF, Girard C (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Masticophis, new genus, p. 98).
External links
https://serpientesdevenezuela.org/masticophis-mentovarius/
Masticophis
Snake genera
Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird
Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masticophis |
Storm the Studio is the debut album by English electronic music group Meat Beat Manifesto, released on 20 February 1989 by Sweatbox Records in the United Kingdom and later that year by Wax Trax! in the United States. Recorded in three recording studios, the album contains four compositions, each split into separate parts, that mostly originated as twelve-inch singles the band released in 1988. The record's inventive musical style features elements of industrial music, electro, dub, noise rock and hip hop music, and incorporates breakbeats, noise and sporadic rap vocals. The group also incorporated heavy usage of sampling in a fashion they compared to pop art. Television was a further influence on the record, and numerous items of television dialogue appear throughout Storm the Studio as samples.
Named for a William S. Burroughs quote sampled on the album, Storm the Studio was greeted with critical acclaim upon release, and its dark tone helped distance Meat Beat Manifesto from the hedonistic dance music of the time. It has gone on to be considered a groundbreaking and innovative album, and has influenced numerous artists in the industrial, breakbeat, drum and bass and trip hop genres. It was re-released by TVT Records in 1993, Mute Records in 1994 and Run Recordings in 2003. A remix album, containing new remixes of the Storm the Studio by artists such as DJ Spooky and Jonah Sharp, was released by Tino Corp as Storm the Studio RMXS in 2003.
Background and recording
Swindon-based Meat Beat Manifesto began in 1987 when Jack Dangers and Jonny Stephens of the pop group Perennial Divide – who they had formed in 1986 and recorded the album Purge (1986) with – began releasing electronic side-project twelve-inch singles under the Meat Beat Manifesto name on Perennial Divide's label Sweatbox Records, the first of which was "Suck Hard" (1987). These were followed by the singles which later formed the basis of Storm the Studio, namely "I Got the Fear", "Strap Down" and "God O.D." After Perennial Divide's dissolution, the newly prioritised Meat Beat Manifesto began recording their debut album soon after, naming the projected album Armed Audio Warfare and scheduling its release for May 1988, but the tapes were destroyed in a studio fire before the album could be released. Though the story was something of a rumour for many years, Jack Dangers confirmed the story of the fire in a 2010 interview.
The band recorded Storm the Studio, their replacement debut album, at The Slaughterhouse in South Yorkshire, F2 Studios in London and at Drive Studios. It was mixed and mastered at London's Townhouse Studios. The Sound Defence Policy, presumably a pseudonym for Dangers, is credited for the album's production. Nix Lowrey The Quietus later noted how the material on Storm the Studio was rumoured to be the subsequent resurrection and "reshaping" of the material destroyed in the fire, although the band recreated what their debut album was supposed to have been like on their second album Armed Audio Warfare (1990), which takes its name from the proposed debut album and among its tracks includes alternate versions of several of the songs on Storm the Studio, some in the form of remixes and others in the form of unreleased original versions.
Composition
Production
Storm the Studio makes heavy usage of sampling, with samples being collected onto a Casio DA1 DAT machine and then moved to a fully expanded Akai S1000. Band member Marcus Adams explained that unlike contemporaneous artists who use sampling, who Adams felt were doing it "because it's hip [...] because Public Enemy do it," Meat Beat Manifesto used sampling "because it's a magpie thing [...] it's like pop art. The pop artists used to take other peoples' work and make it into their own, and we see sampling as doing that, we don't see it as 'we'll use that because it's a hip sound at the moment'."
Rather than primarily use music as a source for samples and influence, Storm the Studio was influenced by television and uses numerous samples of television shows and news items. According to Adams, the band would occasionally "get a track ready on the sampler so that we can sync that with the timecode, then the sampler is cued in so that when you play a record or tune in the television and as the track is running on, we can make samples which immediately go in time with the track." This allowed the band to capture certain television dialogue samples and edit them unit they were in sync with the track. One journalist noted that "[t]he way in which Dangers and Adams generate samples incorporates a random element - this makes it stranger still that the samples seem so carefully chosen." Jack Dangers enjoyed sampling sources that much of their audience would recognise, hence the appearance of a sample of a Michael Jackson song. The album was also the band's first release to use vocoders.
The group enjoyed experimenting with different sounds to see which would be worth incorporating into the final product. Adams recorded the squeak of his sneaker on the ground, then sampled it and slowed it down, but he felt it "sounded really stupid" so did not use it on the album. The usage of a sample from children's series Rainbow, in which Zippy says "You're supposed to listen to the rhythm George, the rhythm of the music," was explained by Adams: "There's not much else you can do when you're on the dole except watch Rainbow." The band taped every episode of the show for three years looking for the particular scene so they could sample it. Another of the album's television-sourced samples, a news broadcaster saying "a spokesman at the Health Ministry said that to talk repeatedly about AIDS would cause the public to panic, tourism will certainly be affected," was the result of what the group called a 'random edit,' although they kept it on the album because they felt it showed how the news "sounded like they were more concerned with tourism than peoples' lives. It was something that would make you think, rather than the 'DJ get on down' stuff."
Musical style
Three of the band's early singles, namely "God O.D.", "Strap Down" and "I Got the Fear", as well as the new composition "Re-Animator", feature on Storm the Studio disassembled and remixed into four separate parts each, with the exception of "Strap Down", which only has three parts. Each of the four pieces are intended to fill one side of the double vinyl. Trouser Press wrote that the album stretches "the concept of the remix further than most," finding few of the tracks on the album to sound similar to any of the record's other tracks, with Matthew Jeanes of Brainwashed echoing that "most of the record works through free association to connect the dots." Describing its musical style, Trouser Press felt the album took "the groundbreaking electronic grooves" of Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Gristle as its base and significantly toughened them up, sporadically adding raps in a stream-of-consciousness style. Band founder Jack Dangers explained: "If you listen to Storm The Studio, there's vocals for all of the songs, but there are 4 different versions of each and not so many vocals on the other versions."
Andy Hermann of PopMatters wrote that people were unable to pigeonhole the album into a single genre successfully, writing that it was referred to by different people upon release as an industrial, acid house, techno or hip hop album. Similarly, Ron Nachmann of SF Weekly said the album disregarded "the genre rules of the time" in its combination of hip hop breakbeats, scratch edits, bulky samples, electro tone, dub techniques and "industrial attitude." John Bush of AllMusic felt the album combined the styles of noise rock, hip hop and "high-energy dub," while Robert Christgau made note of the "industrial-strength samples", "annihilating rhythm" and occasional detours into electro dance. Matthew Jeanes of Brainwashed said the album "runs the gamut from funky breaks to outright noise."
Although a thread runs through all four parts of the record's opening track "God O.D.", the piece changes drastically throughout, with the ending of Part 4 bearing no resemblance to Part 1. The composition is noisy and funky, with the lyrics "It's genocide, can't you see?/Genocide in the first degree" being shouted by the band's then-vocalist Johnny Stephens. The first part of "Re-Animator" is a funky club track containing vocals, whereas by the fourth part, the piece has transformed into a psychedelic dub style incorporating "half-time rhythm layers of tape noise, reverberating voices, and feedback," with Jeanes noting that "[s]ometimes a bass line or a sample repeats, other times, it doesn't."
"Strap Down" begins with drums that have been compared to machine guns and numerous loops that one reviewer felt "[sound] like a marching band fighting with a circus over a breakbeat." Several minutes of bass bursts, changes in rhythm the repetition of the title phrase follow, followed thereafter by the drastically different, seven-minute second part of the piece, which keeps to a fast tempo. At the six-minute mark, this part is starkly altered by the introduction of a self-described "annihilating rhythm." "I Got the Fear" repeats phrases from previous tracks, such as "reanimate" and "re-animator", turning the album "into a kind of mobius strip of samples and themes" in the words of Jeanes, who commented that "If Jack Dangers isn't literally sampling himself here, he is quite figuratively doing it by recycling his own ideas from one track to the next without any regard for which sounds or ideas belong to which songs."
Release
In the United Kingdom, Storm the Studio was released on 20 February 1989 by Sweatbox Records, a label who signed the group after they presented them with some demo recordings. In the United States, it was released by Wax Trax!, which led to the group being regarded as an industrial band, despite Dangers' and Jonny Stephens' dislike for being pigeonholed. Dangers later told one interviewer he was not concerned by the labelling, as he felt "industrial" meant different things in different countries. He later said that when he moved to the United States, "industrial was like Ministry, Frontline Assembly, Nine Inch Nails. I just didn't get it, there were too many guitars. Industrial to me is Einstürzende Neubauten, Test Dept, SPK. I love those bands; if we're only connected to that light, great. It was mainly the Wax Trax thing, because we were licensed to Wax Trax. We weren't on Wax Trax anywhere else in the world. It was only here."
Storm the Studio features artwork designed by the agency Accident, and was named after one of the album's samples, a clip of postmodernist writer William S. Burroughs declaring "Storm the studio," which is used as the start of "God O.D. (Part 1)". "Strap Down (Part 3)" was only made available on the vinyl editions and later the digital edition, with the song being removed from CD and cassette releases. Regardless, American CD releases have incorrectly listed Part 3 on the sleeve. The album had become out of print after several years, leading to the album's CD re-release in the United States by TVT Records in 1993 and by Mute Records in 1994, the latter time with different artwork, designed by Rich Borge. Storm the Studio and Armed Audio Warfare were re-released again by Run Recordings on 22 July 2003, newly remastered by Jack Dangers and again with redesigned album sleeves by Rich Borge."
Critical reception
Upon release, Storm the Studio received acclaim from music critics and was praised for its distinctive style. Writing for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau wrote that, "Bill Burroughs having given the word, these Brit art-schoolers shape two years of 12-inches into four sides of industrial-strength samples and 'annihilating rhythm.' And though they do sometimes settle for electrodance, the laughs and abrasions keep on coming.
Among retrospective reviews, Matthew Jeanes of Brainwashed noted that although Storm the Studio was "released on the cusp of the DJ record/remix fetish of the 1990s," when maxi-singles containing numerous remixes of the A-side were commonplace, Storm the Studio was "about as far from a remix 12" as possible" despite only listing four songs, citing this as one of several enigmatic qualities to the album. He wrote that "somehow getting lost" in the album makes a degree of sense, given that the record "is constantly folding in on itself from different direction," and also found that the album's eclectic style and "memorable lead ins" transformed the album into "the perfect DJ tool except for the fact that it's almost impossible to know what the record is going to sound like wherever you drop the needle. I love that this record takes so many strange turns, even if I've never known quite how to navigate through them."
John Bush of AllMusic rated the album four and a half stars out of five, calling it a "four-track mini-album" and noted the influence of dub and hip hop on the remixes, while also stating that the album is "just as dense and sample-heavy" as the original singles created by the band. Jason Josephes of Pitchfork later called the album a "sheer work of genius." Dutch magazine OOR ranked the album at number 25 in their list of the 50 best albums of 1989, while in 1994, Nieuwe Revu ranked the album at number 62 in its list of the "Top 100 Albums of All Time." In 2006, VPRO named the album as one of the 299 greatest albums of all time, and in 2014, Rockdelux named the album as one of the 500 greatest albums released between 1984–2004. The album is also celebrated in a brief blurb included in the liner notes of the compilation box set Black Box – Wax Trax! Records: The First 13 Years (1994).
Legacy
Storm the Studio has been hailed as groundbreaking and innovative by music critics. The album was released when "house and techno ruled the dancefloor" in the words of Ron Nachmann of SF Weekly, who wrote that Storm the Studio marked a change in that it "put said dance floor on notice" with a message that "simplistic hedonism was dead." He wrote that the album's titular William S. Burroughs sample upended the "get down" paradigm of dance music and "urged listeners to seize the means of production, to create chaos, to do something." He also described the album as having "blasted the genre rules of the time, boosting hip hop breakbeats, substantive samples, scratch edits, and electro flavor with dub technique and industrial attitude." Andy Hermann of PopMatters, who called the album genuinely "seminal", wrote that the album's musical style was so unprecedented that critics found it hard to write about:
The album has proven influential, with Alex Veronac of Release Magazine writing that the album affected many musicians and producers in the techno, noise, industrial and dance scenes, while William Tilland of AllMusic wrote that the album's "heavy, pounding mix of dub, hip-hop, and incipient techno impulses" were influential on many drum and bass and trip hop artists which emerged throughout the 1990s. Quinn Morrison Vice wrote that the "seminal" album remains "a truly major milestone of breaks-based electronica." He stated that: "The influence of this record cannot be overestimated. Without it, the music of everyone from Nine Inch Nails to the Chemical Brothers to Fatboy Slim just wouldn't be the same." Nix Lowrey of The Quietus noted the album's influence on the Chemical Brothers' debut album Exit Planet Dust (1995).
A remix album of newly commissioned remixes of the Storm the Studio material, Storm the Studio RMXS, was released by Tino Corp on 23 September 2003. Those remixing the material on the album include Eight Frozen Modules, Merzbow and Frank Bretschneider, English producers Scanner and Jonah Sharp, and American producers DJ Spooky, DJ Swamp and The Opus. Meat Beat Manifesto have continued playing material live from the album; for their 2008 tour, which included accompanying visuals, Dangers tracked down the television clips that were used on the Storm the Studio material on the set list. During the band's sets, the accompanying visuals to the samples were displayed on-screen. The band would continue to use the visuals in later performances of the material. In 2008, Dangers described Storm the Studio as "a part of me," despite admitting he rarely plays the album.
Track listing
All songs written by Jack Dangers
"God O.D. (Part 1)" – 5:19
"God O.D. (Part 2)" – 6:42
"God O.D. (Part 3)" – 5:21
"God O.D. (Part 4)" – 2:55
"Re-Animator (Part 1)" – 6:06
"Re-Animator (Part 2)" – 4:08
"Re-Animator (Part 3)" – 5:30
"Re-Animator (Part 4)" – 4:00
"Strap Down (Part 1)" – 5:49
"Strap Down (Part 2)" – 6:59
"Strap Down (Part 3)" – 8:02
"I Got the Fear (Part 1)" – 6:14
"I Got the Fear (Part 2)" – 3:59
"I Got the Fear (Part 3)" – 3:06
"I Got the Fear (Part 4)" – 5:21
The version of "Strap Down (Part 3)" on the remastered album on Bandcamp removes the long unadorned sample of Rev. Jimmie Rodgers Snow preaching against rock 'n' roll in 1956 from the beginning, reducing its length to 7:42. The music is otherwise unaffected.
Personnel
Jack Dangers – writing
Accident – sleeve design
The Sound Defence Policy – production
Simon Collins - Live Drum samples on ‘God O.D’
References
Meat Beat Manifesto albums
1989 debut albums
Albums produced by Jack Dangers
Wax Trax! Records albums
Electronic albums by English artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%20the%20Studio |
Sir James Alexander Forrest (born in Kerang, Victoria on 10 March 190 – deceased on 26 September 1990 in Malvern, Victoria) was an Australian lawyer, businessman and philanthropist.
Biography
Family
James Alexander Forrest was the third of five children of Scottish-born parents John Forrest and Mary Forrest, née Gray.
He married Mary Christina Armit (1913-1995), the granddaughter of Sir Edward Fancourt Mitchell, on 9 December 1939 (or 1935). They had three children: Alexander James "Alex" Forrest (1941-), an engineer; William John "Bill" Forrest (1944-), a solicitor; and Hugh David Forrest, an agricultural scientist.
Education
Forrest was educated at Caulfield Grammar School in Melbourne; he attended there from 1920 to 1922.
In 1925, he started an articled clerk's course at the University of Melbourne; and, although this course of study did not lead to a law degree, it qualified the student as both a barrister and solicitor in Victoria. He was admitted to the Victorian Bar on 3 March 1930. His admission was moved by both Robert Menzies and Wilfred Fullagar, and presided over by William Irvine, then the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria.
Career
Forrest became a prominent lawyer, specializing in corporate law. He was a partner at the firm of Hedderwicks Fookes & Alston, which later merged to become Allens Arthur Robinson. His business grew thanks to his close ties with the Grimwade family, and he was eventually named a director of the Felton Grimwalde & Duerdins Ltd family holding.
Jim Forrest was enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in June 1942, and discharged in September 1943. He served as a Flight Lieutenant in RAAF Intelligence during his enlistment, and then worked for the Department of Aircraft Production.
Shortly after the war Forrest took up several board directorships of Australian companies :
1945-1977: Board member of the Australian Mutual Provident Society
1953-1977: Chairman of Australian Consolidated Industries
1959-1978: Chairman of the National Bank of Australasia
1959-1969: Director of the Drug Houses of Australia Ltd
1961-1977: Director of the AMP Society
1970-1972: Director of the Western Mining Corporation
1971-1980: Chairman of Chase-NBA Group Ltd
1970-1978: Chairman of Alcoa Australia
From 1961 to 1971, he was a foundation member of the Council of Monash University. He was a board member of numerous charitable and educational bodies, including the Royal Children's Hospital, Scotch College, Scouts Australia, and an original member of the Victoria Law Foundation.
Recognition
1067: Knight Bachelor for "services to the community".
1977-1990 fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, after becoming the fourth person inducted into the Fellowship by Special Election.
1979: Honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degree by Monash University for service to the law, commerce, and Monash itself.
A portrait of Forrest, painted by William Boissevain, and donated by Alcoa, now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery at the Old Parliament House.
In 1977, The Australian Financial Review called him « one of the most dominant men among Australian company directors for a quarter of a century ».
See also
List of Caulfield Grammar School people
References
External links
Grigg, Terry, "Forrest, Sir James Alexander (Jim) (1905–1990)", pp.403-404 in D. Langmore (ed.), Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 17: 1981-1990: A-K, Melbourne University Press, (Carlton), 2007.
[https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/biographical-memoirs/james-alexander-forrest-1905-1990#rogers Rogers, D.W. (1991), James Alexander Forrest 1905-1990", Australian Academy of Science]: reprinted from Historical Records of Australian Science'', vol.8, no.4, 1991.
Australian Academy of Science biographical memoir
1905 births
1990 deaths
People educated at Caulfield Grammar School
Lawyers from Melbourne
Australian Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
University of Melbourne alumni
Academic staff of Monash University
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Australian Air Force officers
20th-century Australian lawyers
People from Kerang
20th-century Australian philanthropists
20th-century Australian businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Alexander%20Forrest |
The China rockfish (Sebastes nebulosus), the yellowstripe rockfish or yellowspotted rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is native to the waters of the Pacific Ocean off western North America.
Taxonomy
The China rockfish was first formally described in 1854 by the American zoologist William Orville Ayres with the type locality given as Santa Barbara and Monterey, California. Some authorities place this species in the subgenus Pteropodus. The specific name nebulosus means "cloudy" a reference to the yellow body mottled with dark brown. The species was actually described by both Ayres and Girard in the same year, with Girard naming the species S. fasciatus, but it was thought that that name had already been used for the Acadian redfish by David Humphreys Storer and thus Ayres' choice prevailed.
Description
The China rockfish has a compact body with a small mouth. They have a concave intraorbital space and robust spines on the head but there are none above the eyes. The dorsal fin has deeply incised membranes between its long spines, there are 13 spines and 13 or 14 soft rays in the dorsal fin while the anal fin has 3 spines and 6 to 8 soft rays. Their caudal fin is rounded. This species attains a maximum total length of and a maximum published weight of . The overall color may be blue or black, marked with yellow mottling which is mixed with some white mottling. The main distinguishing feature of this species is the clear yellow stripe which starts on the dorsal fin near the third dorsal fin spine and extends obliquely to the lateral line then runs along that line to make a shape like an ice hockey stick. The pelvic, anal and caudal fins are dark colored.
Distribution and habitat
The China rockfish is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the western coast of North America from Kodiak Island in Alaska to Redondo Beach and San Nicholas Island in California. It is at its most common from central British Columbia south to central California. It is associated with reefs at depths between but it is typically found in water less than deep.
Biology
The china rockfish is a solitary and territorial species and if alarmed they will quickly take shelter in a cavity or crevice in the reef. They are known to live for up to 79 years and they become sexually mature when they reach a total length of around . They are ovoviviparous and the females extrude the larvae in January to August. The pelagic larvae leave the plankton to settle between one and two months after being born. The spines in the dorsal and anal fins are mildly venomous but are also used to wedge the fish in narrow hiding spaces in the reef. The China rockfish is a sedentary species and studies have shown they rarely move more than from their preferred shelter. They have been known to live in the same rock crevices as the Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini). The larvae feed on plankton and the juveniles prey largely on crustaceans. The adults also eat crustaceans but also prey on brittle stars, mollusks, and small fishes. The predators of the juveniles are sea birds, porpoises, and other fishes, including rockfishes, lingcod, cabezon and salmon. The adults are preyed on by sharks, dolphins, seals, lingcod, and possibly North American river otters (Lontra canadensis).
Fisheries
China rockfish are an important component of the live fish fishery. There has been no formal stock assessment for this species and it is managed as a species within the Nearshore Rockfish group regulated by the Pacific Fishery Management Council. Commercial fishing methods include hook and line, longline, and trapping. It is also important as a recreational fishing quarry.
Stock status
A stock assessment of China rockfish conducted in 2015 estimated the stock to be at 28% of unfished level in California, but less depleted in Oregon and Washington, at 62% and 73%, respectively. However, the stock in California waters (which only included the area up to Cape Mendocino) was estimated as showing an increasing trend in abundance, as this area had seen larger reductions in catch than the other areas.
References
Milton S. Love, Mary Yoklavich, Lyman K. Thorsteinson, (2002), The Rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific, University of California Press, pp. 219–221
Sebastes
Taxa named by William Orville Ayres
Western North American coastal fauna
Fish described in 1854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%20rockfish |
In the Sky is the second extended play by Australian singer–songwriter Mallrat, released on 1 June 2018 through Dew Process.
Reception
Hannah Kenny from Forte Magazine described the sound on the EP as "dreamy, mixing harmonious melodies with serene vocals, the perfect contemporary lullaby music" and called the production "more refined".
Joanna Panagopoulos from Happy Mag said "In the Sky bottles up emotion and hands it to you in a dreamy, electro-pop vial. The music she makes is personal, nostalgic, but it's music for the world."
Tim Lambert from Stack Magazine called the EP an "evolution" from her debut single in 2015. Lambert said "...as a general rule you shouldn't allow Shaw's subtle, candied vocals to fool you into expecting matching up-beat lyrical content; most of it's fairly personal, with unrequited love and frustration the most repeated themes."
Chris White from When the Horn Blows said "Two years have shown what Mallrat is capable of and how much her talents have grown, bringing stronger themes to the EP, such as loss, loneliness and uncertainty, but always manages to keep the listener feeling good with its fantastic beats and wonderfully poppy harmonies."
Track listing
Release history
References
2018 EPs
Mallrat EPs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Sky |
Jeff Coetzee (born 25 April 1977) is a South African professional tennis player and competes regularly on the ATP tour, as a doubles specialist.
The 5'8" player plays right-handed, double-handed on both sides and has won six ATP Tour doubles titles in his career. Coetzee plays doubles for the South Africa Davis Cup team. When Jeff is not traveling, he resides in Florida Hills, South Africa.
ATP Tour finals
Doubles (6–9)
Doubles runners-up (10)
2006: Newport (with Justin Gimelstob, lost to Robert Kendrick and Jürgen Melzer)
Doubles performance timeline
Notes
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Coloured South African people
South African people of Dutch descent
South African male tennis players
Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players for South Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Coetzee |
The New Rebellion is a 1996 bestselling Star Wars novel written by Kristine Kathryn Rusch and published by Bantam Spectra. The novel is set thirteen years after the Battle of Endor in the Star Wars expanded universe.
Plot
"Somewhere in the galaxy, millions suddenly perish—a disruption of the Force so shocking it is felt by Luke at his Jedi academy and by Leia on Coruscant. While Leia must deal with an assassination attempt, a rumored plot against the New Republic, and allegations that Han Solo is involved, Luke seeks out a former Jedi student who may hold the key to the mass destruction. But Brakiss is only the bait in a deadly trap set by a master of the dark side who is determined to rule as emperor. He's targeted Luke, Leia, and Leia's children to die. Then billions will follow, in a holocaust unequaled in galactic history."
Background
Mass murder has always rattled the Force. In Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, Obi-Wan Kenobi experiences the suffering of the deaths of millions from the destruction of Alderaan. In The New Rebellion, Luke Skywalker will experience the same emotion.
Thirteen years after the Battle of Endor, the New Republic has defeated most of the Galactic Empire and many ex-Imperial star systems have joined the ranks. Moreover, corruption has spread throughout the ranks, which a series of antagonists are waiting to capitalize on.
Summary
Kueller, a Dark Jedi, destroys millions with his powers. Luke Skywalker feels this genocide, and is afraid that the destruction will continue. Meanwhile, an assassination attempt is made on Princess Leia Organa, which is blamed on Han Solo. However, this is quickly discovered to be Kueller's doing.
Luke decides to seek the aid of Brakiss, a former student. However, Brakiss is in on Kueller's plan, and Luke joins the spiral of death that is to follow. Eventually, Luke Skywalker is led to Kueller, though a wake of destruction is left behind.
Dramatis personae
The Dark Jedi Kueller sets in motion a plan to bring down the New Republic and the new generation of Jedi. First, he kills over a million innocent natives of the planet Pydyr and then sets off a bomb in the New Republic Senate Hall.
As Jedi Master Luke Skywalker searches for the one behind all of this, Leia Organa Solo has her own problems arising from conflicts with newly elected former imperials in the senate, and the framing of her husband Han Solo by the smuggler Jarril, who is suspected to be responsible for the senate bombing.
As Han Solo travels with Chewbacca to the Smuggler's Run to investigate the actions of Jarril in hopes of getting to the bottom of the Senate bombing, Luke Skywalker visits Brakiss on Telti looking for information, and Lando Calrissian heads to The Run after Han Solo who he fears is in danger.
Meanwhile, Cole Fardreamer, with the aid of R2-D2 and C-3PO, discovers a plot to install all New Republic X-wing's with remote detonators. Leia becomes aware of this and concedes her position as Chief of State to Mon Mothma in order to rescue Luke from Kueller who has taken him prisoner on Almania. After Han rescues Lando, rather than Lando rescuing Han, from the clutches of the crime lord Nandreeson, and the two of them aide hundreds of smugglers after an accidental bombing of the run, Han also heads to Almania to rescue Luke.
Han arrives at Almaniain the midst of a vicious battle between New Republic forces led by Wedge Antilles and Kueller's fleet. Han is also met by Talon Karrde and Mara Jade who have brought Ysalamiri to assist in the battle against Kueller. After a long gruelling battle against Kueller, in which Kueller has gained a tremendous amount of power fueled by Luke's own anger at himself for allowing Kueller to fall to the dark side, Luke is preparing himself for death at Kuellers hands as Han arrives on the scene with the Ysalamir, sapping both Luke and Kueller of their power, and in doing so allows Leia to finish Kueller with two lethal blaster shots.
R2-D2 and C-3PO simultaneously thwart Kueller's plan to detonate millions of droids across the galaxy, enabling Leia to return to Coruscant and regain her post as Chief of State from Mon Mothma"
Reception
The New Rebellion was a New York Times' and a Wall Street Journal bestseller, like a majority of the Star Wars Bantam Spectra releases.
Notes
Rusch biography. URL accessed on March 4, 2006.
References
Star Wars: The New Rebellion, 1st printing paperback, 1996. Kristine Kathryn Rusch,
Further reading
External links
1996 novels
1996 science fiction novels
New Rebellion
Bantam Spectra books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20New%20Rebellion |
Steve Weiner is a Canadian writer and animator. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1947, and grew up in Wausau, Wisconsin where his father taught chemistry at the Wausau campus of the University of Wisconsin. Steve Weiner later studied writing at the University of California. In 1970 he married Deborah Blacker. Blacker. He continued to live and work in California for most of the 1970s, including a period working for Frank deFelitta, the film director and screenwriter. He is a citizen of the United States and Canada and a Permanent Resident of the UK.
Weiner's exposure to the film industry, and his interest particularly in contemporary animated film from Eastern Europe --- particularly the work of Jan Lenica, Daniel Szczechura and Walerian Borowczyck --- as well as the Brothers Quay has been a marked influence on his work. He has published three novels.
Published works
Weiner's 1993 debut novel The Museum of Love was published by Bloomsbury UK and subsequently by Kodansha in Japan, The Overlook Press in the United States and Canada, and Belfond in France. It earned comparisons to William S. Burroughs, Céline, Jean Genet, David Lynch and Todd Haynes for its blend of surrealism and dark eroticism, and was a nominee for the inaugural Giller Prize.
His second novel, The Yellow Sailor, was published in 2001 by the Overlook Press of Woodstock & New York. The novel consists almost entirely of curt, sardonic dialogue interrupted by terse descriptions of a grotesque world of anti-semitism and nationalism that surrounds its merchant-sailor protagonists in the Europe of World War I. The novel's title is also the name of their ship, which sails from Hamburg in 1914. The cover of the North American hardcover and paperback editions is illustrated with a painting by Otto Dix, "Abschied von Hamburg," dated 1921.
Weiner's third novel, Sweet England, was published in 2010 by New Star Books, a Vancouver-based literary press. It tells the story of a man of no known origin and unstable personality and his efforts to re–enter society after a long and unexplained absence. The man, who is given the name Jack by another character he encounters, falls into a relationship with a woman named Brenda Lee, and much of the novel concerns the relationship between Jack and Brenda, whose death is the occasion for a Coroner's Inquest that provides the action for the last third of the novel. The novel's action takes place against a backdrop of post-Thatcher London, rendered by Weiner into a dark and phantasmagorical dreamscape. The cover illustration is also by the Brothers Quay, the London-based animated filmmakers Stephen and Timothy Quay.
Weiner's writing is characterised by its exceptionally bold telegraphic style, one that has a truly cinematic feel in the sheer convulsive power of the images that are evoked and their deeply unsettling visionary tone. He would even seem to defy the cinema (unless one were to think of the more theatrical and stylized approach of certain animators and graphic artists). He is, however, also able to achieve in his phantasmagorical and often violent universe an exceedingly delicate and fragile realm of characters despite their being inhabited by a world all too overwhelmingly hostile and mad.
Bibliography
The Museum of Love, London: Bloomsbury, 1993
The Yellow Sailor, New York: Overlook Press, 2001
Sweet England, Vancouver: New Star Books, 2010
References
1947 births
Canadian male novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
Living people
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Weiner |
The Badge is a 2002 mystery-thriller film directed by Robby Henson and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Patricia Arquette and William Devane.
Release
The Badge was originally intended to be distributed by Propaganda Films, but the production company went bankrupt during the film's post-production. It was later released on DVD by Lionsgate Films.
Synopsis
La Salle Parish, Louisiana sheriff Darl Hardwick investigates the controversial local murder of a transgender woman, with the highly sensitive matter being concealed as much as possible by the parish's most influential figures, such figures even going so far as to frame Hardwick for statutory rape involving a local waitress. With his career as sheriff at an end, Hardwick takes a personal stake in the investigation after becoming acquainted with Scarlett, the victim's widow. Hardwick heads down a somewhat reckless path to an understanding of the victim's world, reconciliation for past sins, and a series of dark truths within the parish itself.
Reception
The Badge holds a 33% rating on review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on six reviews.
Cast
Filming locations
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Donaldsonville, Louisiana
Iberville Parish, Louisiana
Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana
New Orleans, Louisiana
Jarreau, Louisiana
External links
References
2002 films
2002 crime drama films
2002 crime thriller films
2002 LGBT-related films
2000s mystery thriller films
American crime drama films
American crime thriller films
American LGBT-related films
American mystery thriller films
Films directed by Robby Henson
Films shot in France
Films shot in Louisiana
Films shot in New Orleans
Transgender-related films
MoviePass Films films
Gold Circle Films films
2002 drama films
Homophobia in fiction
Films about violence against LGBT people
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Badge |
Bruno Guido Camillo Tesch (22 April 1913 – 1 August 1933) was a German communist and member of the Young Communist League of Germany. At age 20, he was convicted of murder and executed in connection with the Altona Bloody Sunday riot (Altonaer Blutsonntag), a Sturmabteilung (SA) march on 17 July 1932 that turned violent and led to 18 people being shot and killed. His conviction was overturned in November 1992.
Life
Born in Kiel, Germany, to an Italian mother, Tesch spent his childhood in Italy before moving to live with his stepfather in Hamburg in 1925, where he was an apprentice plumber. Finding himself unemployed after his apprenticeship was over, he entered the Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst (FAD), or Volunteer Work Service. Politically radical, he joined the Socialist Worker Youth (Sozialistische Arbeiterjugend) in 1930, but soon switched to the Young Communist League of Germany (Kommunistischer Jugendverband Deutschlands).
Altona Bloody Sunday
On 17 July 1932, a violent confrontation happened between the Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS), the police, and Communist Party (KPD) supporters in Altona, later known in German history as the Altona Bloody Sunday (German: Altonaer Blutsonntag). Some Communists, with Tesch among them, tried to disrupt a march by the Nazis through a working-class area in Altona. Arguments and shoving escalated, culminating in gunfire that killed two SA members and 16 others, the latter group likely by uncontrolled police gunfire. Tesch, who was involved in the violence, was later alleged to have fired shots in the incident.
After the National Socialist German Workers Party seized power, the case was brought before the National Socialist Special Court (Sondergerichte) in Altona. Although the investigation turned up no solid proof of Tesch's guilt, and it could not be proved that Tesch had brought a weapon to the demonstration, he was nonetheless sentenced to death along with Walter Möller, Karl Wolff and August Lütgens. When Hermann Göring refused to commute the sentences of the four, on 1 August 1933, in the courthouse courtyard – now home to Altona's Local Court – they were beheaded. These were the first officially declared executions in the Third Reich.
Memorials and acquittal
Arnold Zweig's 1947 book The Axe of Wandsbek was written about Altona Bloody Sunday and was subsequently filmed in East Germany in 1951 (and, again, in West Germany in 1981). In East Germany, a school in Klausdorf as well as a street in Wismar were named after Bruno Tesch. Despite political resistance, a former comprehensive school in Hamburg-Altona was named after Bruno Tesch.
All those sentenced to death had their convictions overturned on 13 November 1992 by the Hamburg State Court. Further sentences meted out by the Sondergericht in connection with the Altonaer Blutsonntag were reversed on 21 June 1996 and 29 June 1998.
A Stolperstein was created in his honor and is located at Max-Brauer-Allee 89 in Hamburg-Altona-Nord.
See also
The Condemned of Altona: a play written by Jean-Paul Sartre, known in Great Britain as Loser Wins.
References
External links
Biography at German Resistance Memorial Center
Biography at Stolpersteine Hamburg (in German)
Biography (in German)
Urteil aufgehoben / Media report 1998 (in German)
1913 births
1933 deaths
Politicians from Kiel
People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein
German people of Italian descent
Executed communists in the German Resistance
German people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Germany
People executed by Germany by decapitation
People from Schleswig-Holstein executed by Nazi Germany
Lists of stolpersteine in Germany
People executed by Nazi courts
People executed for murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Tesch%20%28antifascist%29 |
The gaze heuristic is a heuristic used in directing correct motion to achieve a goal using one main variable. An example of the gaze heuristic is catching a ball. The gaze heuristic is one example of psychologist Gerd Gigerenzer's one good reason heuristic, where human animals and non-human animals are able to process large amounts of information quickly and react, regardless of whether the information is consciously processed.
The gaze heuristic is a critical element in animal behavior, being used in predation heavily. At the most basic level, the gaze heuristic ignores all casual relevant variables to make quick gut reactions.
Example
A catcher using the gaze heuristic observes the initial angle of the ball and runs towards it in such a way as to keep this angle constant. The gaze heuristic does not require knowledge of any of the variables required by the optimizing approach, nor does it require the catcher to integrate information, yet it allows the catcher to catch the ball. The gaze heuristic may therefore be described at ecologically rational at least in the simple case of catching a ball in the air.
References
Heuristics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaze%20heuristic |
Shing Wong Street () is a street on the hill slope of Sheung Wan and Mid-Levels, Hong Kong. The street extends from Gough Street at its lowest to Caine Road highest. The street is one of ladder streets in Hong Kong, made of stone steps, in the section between Hollywood Road and Caine Road.
Between Hollywood Road and Staunton Street, a large terrace at the street east erects two former staff quarters of Hong Kong Police Force built in 1950s, which have been converted into PMQ. The terrace was constructed for the old campus of Queen's College earlier, the largest building in Hong Kong at the time.
The Staunton Street ends at Shing Wong Street and Bridges Street extends it west. Bridges Street Market is located their junction. Walking upstair are mixture of modern and pre-World War II buildings till the end of the Shing Wong Street at Caine Road.
In 2018, Hong Kong highway officials put anti-skid coating on 100 steps along Shing Wong Street. After public backlash and criticism that the coating would destroy the historic steps, it was removed in early 2019.
See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
References
External links
Shing Wong Street on Film Services Office website
Ladder streets in Hong Kong
Roads on Hong Kong Island
Sheung Wan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shing%20Wong%20Street |
Veterans Bridge may refer to a bridge in the United States:
Veterans Bridge (Chesapeake, Virginia), on U.S. 17 which replaced Dominion Boulevard Steel Bridge
Veterans Bridge (Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania, part of Interstate 579
Veterans' Bridge (Pueblo), Colorado
Veterans Bridge (St. Cloud, Minnesota)
Veteran's International Bridge, in Brownsville, Texas
Martin Luther King Bridge (St. Louis), Missouri, formerly known as the Veterans Bridge
See also
Veterans Memorial Bridge (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans%20Bridge |
(an abbreviation of write to all) is a Unix command-line utility that displays the contents of a computer file or standard input to all logged-in users. It is typically used by root to send out shutting down message to all users just before poweroff.
Invocation
reads the message from standard input by default when the filename is omitted. This is done by piping the output of the command:
alice@sleipnir:~$ # `tty` to show the current terminal name
alice@sleipnir:~$ tty
/dev/pts/7
alice@sleipnir:~$ echo Remember to brush your teeth! | wall
The message may also be typed in much the same way is used: invoking by typing and pressing followed by a message, pressing and +:
alice@sleipnir:~$ wall
Remember to brush your teeth!
^D
Using a here-string:
alice@sleipnir:~$ wall <<< 'Remember to brush your teeth!'
Reading from a file is also supported:
alice@sleipnir:~$ cat .important_announcement
Remember to brush your teeth!
alice@sleipnir:~$ wall .important_announcement # same as `wall !$`
All the commands above should display the following output on terminals that users allow write access to (see mesg(1)):
Broadcast Message from alice@sleipnir
(/dev/pts/7) at 16:15 ...
Remember to brush your teeth!
See also
Jordan Hubbard § rwall incident
References
Unix user management and support-related utilities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall%20%28Unix%29 |
Hong Kong Football Association League Cup () is an annual football competition contested by clubs in the top-tier Hong Kong domestic football league (currently Hong Kong Premier League). The cup was relaunched for the 2014–15 season after being discontinued in the 2012–13 season.
Format
All teams in Hong Kong First Division League (until 2013–2014 season) / Hong Kong Premier League (starting from 2014 to 2015 season) are divided in the 2 groups (Group A & B) in first round stage. Each team plays against all other teams in the group once. The top two teams in each group qualify into the semi-finals.
In the semi-finals, the first team in Group A plays against second team in Group B while the first team in Group B plays against second team in Group A.
The winner of the semi-finals enter the final, which is usually held in Hong Kong Stadium.
Finals
Key
Results
Results by team
See also
The Hong Kong Football Association
Hong Kong First Division League
References
External links
Hong Kong Football
RSSSF.com Hong Kong – List of League Cup Finalists
Cup
Football cup competitions in Hong Kong
Recurring sporting events established in 2000
2000 establishments in Hong Kong | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKFA%20League%20Cup |
The Decree of War to the Death, in Spanish Decreto de Guerra a Muerte, was a decree issued by the South American leader Simón Bolívar which permitted murder and any atrocities whatsoever to be committed against civilians born in Spain, other than those actively assisting South American independence, and furthermore exonerated people from the Americas who had already committed such murders and atrocities. The phrase "war to the death" was used as a euphemism for these atrocities.
The decree was an explicit "war of extermination" in Bolívar's attempt to maintain Venezuelan independence in the war with Spain, since he felt that the Spanish Army's use of atrocities against those who supported the First Republic of Venezuela had contributed decisively to its defeat.
Bolívar promulgated the decree on June 15, 1813, in the Venezuelan city of Trujillo.
Background
The decree states that it was created as a response to severe crimes and massacres by Spanish soldiers after the fall of the First Republic, in which Spanish leaders allegedly stole property and executed thousands of Republicans: "we could not indifferently watch the afflictions inflicted to you by the barbaric Spaniards, who have annihilated you with robbery and destroyed you with death, infringed the most solemn treaties and capitulations [a reference to the San Mateo Capitulation, 1812]; in one word, committed every crime, reducing the Republic of Venezuela to the most horrific desolation." It proclaimed that all Peninsular people in Spanish America who didn't actively participate in favor of its independence would be killed, and all South Americans would be spared, even if they had cooperated with the Spanish authorities. (See below for full declaration). The document's ultimate goal was to assure the Venezuelan elites that they would not be unfavorably treated for having collaborated with Domingo de Monteverde and the royalist authorities. The Decree was the first step in transforming the common and legal view of the Venezuelan war of liberation from a mere rebellion (or at best a civil war) taking place in one of Spain's colonies, to a full-fledged international war between two distinct countries, Venezuela and Spain.
Practice of the "Guerra a Muerte"
This so-called Guerra a Muerte was widely practised on both sides, resulting in some extreme brutalities on both sides, such as the execution of Spanish prisoners in Caracas and La Guaira in February 1814, on orders from Bolívar himself, just before the collapse of the Second Republic of Venezuela, and the killing of several renowned citizens in New Granada by the royalist army under Pablo Morillo in 1815, 1816 and 1817.
The declaration remained in effect until November 26, 1820, when General Pablo Morillo met with Bolívar at Santa Ana de Trujillo to declare the war of independence a conventional war.
Text of the Decree
References
Bibliography
Stoan, Stephen K. Pablo Morillo and Venezuela, 1815-1820. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1959.
External links
Decree of War to the Death (in Spanish) - Available at Archivo del Libertador.
See also
Shoot on the Spot Declaration
Venezuelan War of Independence
1813 in Venezuela
War to the Death
Ultimata
June 1813 events
Prisoner of war massacres
War crimes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree%20of%20War%20to%20the%20Death |
Paskenta (Wintun: Paskenti) is a small unincorporated town in Tehama County, California. Historically, it had greater local importance due to the presence of an active lumber mill. The ZIP Code is 96074. The community is inside area code 530 and the Paskenta CDP. Paskenta sits at an elevation of . The 2010 United States census reported Paskenta's population was 112. Paskenta was originally inhabited by a tribe of Nomlaki people who are now part of the federally-recognized Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians.
History
Paskenta was originally inhabited by a Nomlaki tribe. In the Nomlaki (Central Wintun) language, "Paskenta" (paskenti) means "under the hill" or "under the bank". The modern settlement was founded by Americans of European origin ca. 1860. A post office has been in operation there since 1872. The Paskenta Ranchería was established between 1906 and 1909 and is home to the Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians.
In 1980, Paskenta became the central inhabited cite within a larger census designated place (CDP), which was named after its host town.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km), all of it land.
Demographics
The 2010 United States Census accrued information only about the entire Paskenta CDP, not just the organized community. The census reported that Paskenta CDP had a population of 112. The population density was . The racial makeup of Paskenta CDP was 95 (84.8%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 0 (0.0%) Native American, 0 (0.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 8 (7.1%) from other races, and 9 (8.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19 persons (17.0%).
The Census reported that 112 people in the CDP (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 46 households, out of which 10 (21.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 26 (56.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5 (10.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1 (2.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 4 (8.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (2.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 9 households (19.6%) were made up of individuals, and 4 (8.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43. There were 32 families (69.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.88.
The population was spread out, with 19 people (17.0%) under the age of 18, 3 people (2.7%) aged 18 to 24, 27 people (24.1%) aged 25 to 44, 39 people (34.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 24 people (21.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.
There were 51 housing units at an average density of , of which 32 (69.6%) were owner-occupied, and 14 (30.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 78 people (69.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34 people (30.4%) lived in rental housing units.
Politics
In the state legislature Paskenta is in the 4th Senate District, represented by Republican Jim Nielsen, and in the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim Wood.
Federally, Paskenta is in .
References
Census-designated places in Tehama County, California
Census-designated places in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paskenta%2C%20California |
This is a listing of players to have played both Australian rules football in the nation's premier leagues and first-class cricket or higher. These leagues are the Australian Football League (AFL) (formerly the VFL), AFL Women's (AFLW), West Australian Football League (WAFL) and South Australian National Football League (SANFL). First-class cricketers who played football in other states are eligible if they had a notable career in that state's top league.
In the early years of the VFL it was quite common for footballers to play district cricket over the summer months, some of them even made their state sides and others represented Australia. Likewise cricketers would often play football in the off season to keep fit and if good enough would appear in their state's best league.
Players are divided into the lists below by which state they spent the majority of their sporting career or in come cases their state or origin.
International cricketers who played interstate football
International cricketers who played league football
State cricketers who played interstate football
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
First-class cricketers who played league football
Australian Capital Territory
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
References
(section titled "On Famous Footballing Cricketers" based on work by Jim Phelan)
Cricket
Football
Cricket | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Australian%20rules%20footballers%20and%20cricketers |
The Old Thong Chai Medical Institution () is a historic building in Singapore, and is located at Eu Tong Sen Street in the Singapore River Planning Area, within the Central Area, Singapore's central business district.
The building was constructed in 1892, and housed one of the best known Chinese charity medical centres in Singapore. Traditional Chinese doctors or sinsehs used to dispense free treatment and medicine to patients of all races in Singapore. Today, it is used as a commercial building for the Singapore office for Forever Living Products.
The current Thong Chai Medical Institution was located in Thong Chai Building, 50 Chin Swee Road.
History
In 1867, two Chinese merchants got together to set up Singapore's first traditional Chinese medical institution for the poor. These compassionate men saw an urgent need for a charitable organisation that provided medical advice and assistance to those who could not afford to pay for it.
The Old Thong Chai Medical Institution was gazetted as a national monument on 6 July 1973.
Commercial history
The late 1990s saw the building first becoming a nightclub and later a number of restaurants. In 2000, the building was acquired by Tung Lok Group and the building became a restaurant known as Jing. Not long after its opening, the group revamped its concept and named it Asian. Both restaurants proved to be unpopular, and it closed down in 2003 due to SARS outbreak. The building was unused for around two years and it was converted into its current use in 2005.
The building is currently owned by Forever Living Products Intl, a multi-level marketing company selling aloe vera products. The company bought the building from the government in 2005 for S$7 million. The furnishing and such cost the company an additional $3 million as they imported the antique furnitures from Malaysia and China.
References
National Heritage Board (2002), Singapore's 100 Historic Places, Archipelago Press,
Preservation of Monuments Board, Know Our Monuments
External links
Singapore eCitizen website
Singapore Infopedia
National monuments of Singapore
Infrastructure completed in 1892
Singapore River
Forever Living Products
19th-century architecture in Singapore | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Thong%20Chai%20Medical%20Institution |
Shelton Eugene Quarles (born September 11, 1971) is an American football executive and former linebacker who is the director of football operations for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Vanderbilt and was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 1994. He also played for the BC Lions and the Buccaneers, the team he played for from 1997 to 2006.
Early years
Quarles is an alumnus of Whites Creek High School in Nashville, Tennessee and was a student and a letterman in football. In football, he won a first-team All-State honors as a senior, and finished his career with 30 sacks, 505 tackles, and five interceptions. He was also a member of National Honor Society. Shelton Quarles graduated from Whites Creek High School in 1990.
Playing career
Quarles played college football in Vanderbilt earning second-team All-Southeastern Conference honors as a senior and signed as an undrafted free agent by the Miami Dolphins in 1994 but was cut in training camp. Quarles then played for two seasons (1995-96) with the Canadian Football League's BC Lions before signing with the Buccaneers as a free agent in 1997.
Quarles helped lead the Buccaneers to their first Super Bowl championship in the 2002 season. Quarles also holds the record for the longest play in Buccaneers' history with a 98-yard interception return for a touchdown against the Green Bay Packers in 2001. On April 24, 2007, it was announced that the Bucs were going to release him before the 2007 NFL Draft after he failed a physical.
Executive career
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On August 1, 2007, the Buccaneers hired Quarles as a pro scout in their personnel department.
On January 20, 2011, the Buccaneers promoted Quarles to Coordinator of Pro Scouting.
On July 16, 2013, the Buccaneers promoted Quarles to director of pro scouting.
On May 29, 2014, the Buccaneers promoted Quarles to director of football operations.
Personal life
Quarles is married to his wife, Damaris, and have three children together: a daughter, Gabriela Nicole, and sons, Shelton Eugene Jr. and Carlos Antonio. They reside in Tampa Bay, Florida.
Quarles launched the IMPACT Foundation whose mission is to benefit at-risk children, youth, and their families by providing assistance, programs, and events designed to build self-esteem, provide unique life changing opportunities, and beneficiaries to set and achieve life goals.
Upon retiring Quarles was appointed by Florida Governor Charlie Crist to the board of the Tampa Bay Area Regional Transportation Authority. He served in the position until 2009.
References
External links
Tampa Bay Buccaneers profile
1971 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American football middle linebackers
BC Lions players
Canadian football linebackers
Miami Dolphins players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Nashville, Tennessee
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers scouts
Vanderbilt Commodores football players
National Football League executives
National Football League scouts
Tampa Bay Buccaneers executives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelton%20Quarles |
Fred Stenson may refer to:
Fred Stenson (politician), former Canadian MP for Peterborough
Fred Stenson (writer), writer of historical fiction from Alberta
See also
Fred Stinson, a puppeteer; see Cult of Chucky
Fred C. Stinson (1922–2007), Canadian politician | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Stenson |
Reich Technologies was one of the UML Partners, a consortium that was instrumental to the development of standards for the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The CEO for the company (Georges-Pierre Reich) represented Reich Technologies on the committee, and was involved in the development of the proposal. The proposal was submitted to the Object Management Group (OMG), which approved the proposal, circa late 1997.
Profile
Reich Technologies is an international group of companies, providing a coordinated suite of products and services to support object-oriented (OO) software development in large corporations. With a presence throughout Europe and North America, Reich Technologies occupies leading positions in the world markets for integrated OO CASE tools, fine-grained object repositories and OO team programming environments.
The Intelligent Software Factory (ISF) offers an integrated object-oriented CASE tool suite. It is built on the concept of model-driven development in which the work done at the beginning of a project creates an environment for configuration management and cost containment for software maintenance. ISF has been originally built by Franck Barbier, a French researcher on OO modeling.
The Intelligent Artifact Repository (IAR) provides an enterprise-wide resource for the management and reuse of Information System assets. This concept is so powerful that the development team uses ISF and IAR for production, making ISF the first CASE tool to be self-generated. Recognizing the impact of introducing tools, Reich Technologies offers success oriented services including training, consulting and tool customizations. Corporations combine tools, services and processes with their own organizations to implement a Corporate Software Ecology.
Reich Technologies worked with Alistair Cockburn (special advisor to the Central Bank of Norway) and Ralph Hodgson (founder of TopQuadrant) to flesh out the concept of Use Case and integrate it in the context of Responsibility-Driven Design. Several large companies have built systems upon these constructs since 1992. Structured Use Cases and detailed Responsibility models proved to be a relevant answer to the challenge of gathering and organizing thousands of requirements, defining the scope of the system, and designing an architecture for objects. A methodology with processes and identified deliverables has been created in a joint effort.
As tool builders, Reich Technologies adds the knowledge of implementing lifecycle management for the meta-model objects. Reich Technologies has also extensive experience designing the meta-models that implement in ISF the modeling notations of diverse methodologists.
Reich Technologies sells off-the-shelf and tailored versions of their CASE tools.
References
External links
Official Site
UML Partners List
Creator of Intelligent Software Factory
Unified Modeling Language
Companies with year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich%20Technologies |
Frederick "Fred" Stenson (born December 22, 1951) is a Canadian writer of historical fiction and nonfiction relating to the Canadian West.
In addition to his published work, Stenson has been a faculty member at The Banff Centre, where he has directed the Wired Writing Studio for eleven years. He is also a documentary film writer, with over 140 credits. He writes a regular wit column for Alberta Views Magazine. His 2000 novel The Trade was shortlisted for Canada's Giller Prize. Both The Trade and his 2003 novel Lightning won the Grant MacEwan Author's Prize for best Alberta book of the year. His 2008 novel The Great Karoo was nominated for the 2008 Governor General's Literary Award in Fiction and was a nominee for the 2009 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best Book (Canada/Caribbean).
Stenson was raised on a farm and cattle ranch in the Waterton region of southwest Alberta. He is married to the poet Pamela Banting and lives in Cochrane, Alberta. His son Ted is a film director, whose feature debut Events Transpiring Before, During and After a High School Basketball Game was released in 2020.
Bibliography
Lonesome Hero - 1974
Rocky Mountain House - 1985
Waste to Wealth - 1985
Last One Home - 1988
Working Without a Laugh Track - 1990
The Story of Calgary - 1994
Teeth - 1994
RCMP: The March West - 1999
The Last Stack - 2000
The Trade - 2000
Lightning - 2003
Thing Feigned or Imagined - 2003
The Great Karoo - 2008
Who by Fire – 2014
References
Canadian male novelists
1951 births
Living people
Canadian people of Norwegian descent
Writers from Calgary
People from Cochrane, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Stenson%20%28writer%29 |
Battledress (BD), later named the No. 5 Uniform, was the combat uniform worn by British Commonwealth and Imperial forces through the Second World War.
Battledress was introduced into the British Army just before the start of the war and worn until the 1960s. Other nations introduced their own variants of battledress during the war, including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States and after the Second World War, including Argentina, Belgium, Norway, the Netherlands, and Greece.
It was worn mostly but not exclusively in temperate climates. In some armies it continued in use into the 1970s. During the Second World War and thereafter this uniform was also used for formal parades (including mounting the guard at Buckingham Palace) until the re-introduction of separate parade uniforms in the late 1950s.
Development and introduction
From the early 1930s, the British War Office began research on a replacement for the Service Dress that had been a combined field and dress uniform since the early 1900s. Initially conducted on a small scale over several years, some of the ideas tested included deerstalker hats and safari jackets. After extensive field trials of other uniforms, Battledress, Serge (often referred to as 1937 Pattern, albeit incorrectly) was adopted just before the Second World War. The uniform was designed with the needs of mechanised infantry in mind, and was inspired by contemporary wool 'ski suits' that were less restrictive to the wearer, used less material, were warm even while wet and were more suited to vehicular movement than Service Dress.
Attempting to create a more standardised uniform across much of the British military, it was composed of a fairly streamlined short jacket of wool serge that buttoned to the outside of high-waisted wool serge trousers. The sleeves of the jacket had a forward curve built into them so that they were more comfortable to wear prone, shouldering a rifle, or seated holding a steering wheel for instance, although they tended to show multiple wrinkles near the inside of the elbow when the soldier's arms were held straight at the sides. On the trousers, there was a large map pocket on the front near the left knee and a special pocket for a field dressing near the right front pocket (on the upper hip).
One problem often developed, the gap between the blouse and trousers would open up in extreme movement and buttons popped, so braces were issued; in some cases a sweater was worn. A woollen shirt was typically worn under the wool jacket. Wearing an open collar jacket (with tie) was initially restricted to officers, other ranks buttoning the top button of the jacket and closing the collar with a double hook-and-eye arrangement. Short webbing anklets covered the gap between the trousers and the ankle boots, further adding to the streamlined look and keeping dirt out of the boots without having to use a taller, more expensive leather boot.
Battledress was issued widely beginning in 1939 in the British Army (as well as the Canadian Army, who produced their own, almost identical, copy of Battledress after the outbreak of war), though shortages meant that some units of the British Expeditionary Force went to France in Service Dress. Some officers initially refused to wear Battledress themselves, contrary to orders. One Guards major declared: "I don't mind dying for my country but I'm not going to die dressed like a third-rate chauffeur".
Variants
Battledress, Serge being the original pattern of battledress uniform commonly (and incorrectly) referred to as '1937 Pattern', the blouse had a fly front, pleated pockets with concealed buttons and an unlined collar, the trousers having a large map pocket on the left leg front with a concealed button and a small, single pleat dressing pocket on the front of the right hip. The trousers have four belt loops which fasten at the top with buttons; tabs and buttons are fitted to the cuffs to fasten the trousers at the ankle.
1940 Pattern Battledress introduced in 1940 saw some small changes to the original design, a lined collar and slightly closer cut to the blouse and trousers with a new dressing pocket on the trousers with two pleats and a revolving shank button.
1940 "Austerity" Pattern Battledress (occasionally labelled 1942 Pattern) was introduced in 1942; it deleted the fly front so the front buttons, as well as the pocket and cuff buttons, were now exposed. Pocket pleats to the blouse were removed, early manufacture included two inside pockets but this was soon reduced to a single inside pocket. Plastic buttons were introduced, rather than the brass dished buttons of Battledress, Serge. The trousers lost their belt loops and ankle tabs, the pocket buttons were now exposed and made of brown or green plastic like those of the blouse.
Officers were permitted to tailor the collar of their blouses so as to wear a collared shirt and tie.
Battle Dress, Olive Drab, War Aid was made in the US for the British Army and was widely seen in the Mediterranean theatre. Note the American use of 'Battle Dress' as two words. The blouse featured exposed buttons on the outer pockets, which also bore no box pleats. The fly front of Battledress, Serge was retained. Cuff buttons were exposed, and there were two inside pockets. A small, internal hanger loop was introduced to the collar. The collar was closed by double hook-and-eye arrangement. Tailoring was of good quality and the wool blend tended to be finer than British-made blouses. Type-specific plastic buttons were introduced.
Canadian Battledress never had a 1940-type pattern introduced, though the collar closure did change from a set of hooks and eyes to a flap and button in about 1943. The Canadian version was also a much greener shade of khaki than the standard British version. It was greenish with some brown, rather than brownish with some green. Buttons were green painted steel, with a central bar across the middle for the thread to hold in place.
New Zealand Battledress was almost identical to British 1937 pattern Battledress, Serge but the wool tended to be much darker brown, while the stitching was a contrasting light colour. The NZ blouse had a six button fly front, rather than the British five.
Australian Battledress blouses were almost identical to British Battledress, Serge. The trousers were closer to British 1940 Pattern. Both tended to be a much greener colour than British BD. Australians didn't wear BD during World War II, but their own version of Service Dress, meaning their BD was for export to other Commonwealth nations, such as the British. Buttons were in sherardised steel or plastic resin. British battledress was only adopted by Australian military in the latter part of the Korean War.
South African Battledress appeared in both khaki wool and tan twill. The short jacket was referred to as a bunny jacket.
Overalls, Denim were a version of Battle Dress intended for working clothing, and were produced from khaki coloured cotton denim, with several manufacturer's variants. It was issued a size larger as it was intended to be worn over the regular uniform. Buttons were fixed through small holes in the denim material and kept in place by a split pin. The buttons could be easily removed for laundering which, due to denim overalls being workwear, was more frequent than for serge battledress. 90,000 sets of denim overalls were issued to the Local Defence Volunteers (later the Home Guard) as their main uniform, in the weeks following their establishment in May 1940. Three months later, supplies of overalls were so depleted that the standard serge Battledress began to be issued to the Home Guard instead and in December, it was announced that Battledress would fully replace Home Guard overalls as soon as supplies were available.
Battledress trousers known as Trousers, Parachutist were issued to some parachute troops, though the majority still wore standard Battledress around the time of the Normandy landings. Supply increased as the war progressed but even by May 1945, standard Battledress trousers were still common in Airborne divisions. Trousers, Parachutist had two pleated pockets in the rear for shell dressings, an enlarged map pocket lined with chamois leather and an integral pocket for the F.S. knife in the seam of the right leg. They were for 'combat' use only and as such, were not used for parades or going on leave.
Battledress in shades of RAF blue and navy blue were also produced for the Royal Air Force and Royal Auxiliary Air Force (and Commonwealth flying services) and Royal Navy, Royal Navy Reserve, and Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (and Commonwealth naval services). During the Second World War, Britain's Civil Defence Service (for example, ARP wardens, rescue and ambulance crews) were issued dark blue battledress, and this battledress scheme continued with the Civil Defence Corps set up in 1949.
German U-Boat crews were also commonly issued with British Army Denim battledress (with German insignia added). Large stockpiles had been captured by the Germans after the fall of France in 1940.
Post war
After the Second World War, individual Commonwealth nations developed their Battledress uniform into both a parade and a field uniform. In Britain, Battledress of all types, but mostly unissued surplus suits of 1949 Pattern BD, were utilised as prisoners' uniforms in HM Prisons from the mid-1960s onwards as the armed forces made the large-scale switch to the more modern cotton/sateen Combat Dress.
British Pattern 1949: Several changes to Battledress were adopted by the British Army after the Second World War, with broad lapels added to the Battle Dress Blouse, giving it an open-collar design similar to Canadian 1949 Pattern. Other ranks, as well as officers, now wore it with a collared shirt and tie (although the RAF always had done). The map pocket on the trousers was moved completely to the side. Buttons on the pockets remained exposed, though a fly front was restored to 1949 Pattern BD. In the Korean War, Battledress was found to be inadequate for the severe weather experienced by British troops, resulting in the Pattern 1950 Combat Dress, the design of which was influenced by the U.S. Army M1943 Uniform. Introduced during the winter of 1951–1952, this uniform was only issued for winter use to front line troops, such as those serving with the British Army on the Rhine. With the ending of National Service in the United Kingdom, a lighter version, the 1960 Combat Dress, became general issue for everyday wear. The No 2 Service Dress eventually replaced the Battledress for formal use by the early 1960s.
Canadian Pattern 1949: Canada only produced one more version of Battledress after the war; Pattern 1949 had broad lapels added to the Battledress Blouse, giving it an open-collar design. The First Field Dressing was also removed from the trousers after the war. Battledress continued to be worn as a field uniform during the Korean War and up to the introduction of the Combat Uniform. It was retained for dress wear up until Unification of the Armed Forces in 1968, and into the 1970s by some Reserve units. Cadets at the Royal Military College of Canada continued to wear a Navy-blue variant of the Battle Dress Blouse until May 2006.
Legacy
Battle Dress inspired the military combat uniforms of other nations. The Battle Dress blouse was a direct influence on the M1944 "Eisenhower" jacket. A similar pattern was produced in Australia for US personnel in the Far East and was called a ""Vandegrift" Jacket by US Marines. Germany's copy, the Felduniform 44, only reached front line troops by the end of the war. France made copies (the Modèle 1945, 1946 and 1949 patterns) to replace worn out British items.
Sizes
See also
Battle dress (disambiguation)
Uniforms of the British Army
Service Dress (British Army)
Combat uniform
Battle Dress Uniform, of the U.S.
Military uniform
References
External links
British military uniforms
British Army equipment
Canadian military uniforms
History of fashion
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Battledress |
Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller is a 1988 Canadian fantasy adventure film written and directed by Michael Rubbo. It is the seventh in the Tales for All series of children's movies created by Les Productions la Fête.
Plot
A young boy, Ralph, and his sister discover a magical ability to travel the world, riding within postage stamps. Complicated by a series of rules, they are soon lost in such far-flung places as Australia and China. Ralph has a stutter, and the film is essentially a coming-of-age story wherein Ralph can speak fluently by the film's end.
Cast
Anthony Rogers as Tommy
Lucas Evans as Ralph
Jill Stanley as Nancy
Andrew Whitehead as Albert
Paul Popowich as Cass
Ron Lea as Brin James
Han Yun as Mai Ling
Chen Yuen Tao as Chen Tow
Catherine Wright as Cheryl
Rufus Wainwright as Singer
Ernie Dingo as Dave
Tony Barry as Mad Mike
Soundtrack
The film features one of the first appearances of Rufus Wainwright. Wainwright also provides the song I'm a Runnin' and his sister, Martha Wainwright, provides the song "Tommy, Come Back" for the soundtrack.
References
External links
1980s English-language films
1980s Canadian films
1980s children's adventure films
1980s children's fantasy films
1988 films
1980s fantasy adventure films
1988 independent films
Canadian children's fantasy films
Canadian independent films
Canadian fantasy adventure films
English-language Canadian films
Fictional duos
Films about families
Films about friendship
Films directed by Michael Rubbo
Films shot in Montreal
Teen adventure films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Tricker%20and%20the%20Stamp%20Traveller |
Michele Sharon Jaffe (born March 20, 1970) is an American writer. She has authored novels in several genres, including historical romance, suspense thrillers, and novels for young adults.
Early life and education
Jaffe was born in Los Angeles, California. She is a 1991 graduate of Harvard University, where she earned a B.A. degree. Jaffe worked at the Huntington Library, an educational and research institution in San Marino, California. She returned to Harvard and in 1998 earned a Ph.D. in comparative literature.
Writing career
After writing a book on the Renaissance, she decided to foray into fiction, starting with a romance novel set in the Renaissance. The debut novel, The Stargazer, was published in 1999, initiating a four-book saga of historical fiction.
Soon afterward, she left the historical sphere, moving to suspense thrillers such as Lover Boy and Bad Girl in 2003.
She then wrote her first Young Adult book, Bad Kitty, published in January 2006, and the following month, it was named Book of the Month in the Meg Cabot Book Club. The next year, she published Kiss and Tell which was included in the anthology Prom Nights from Hell. In 2008, she wrote Kitty Kitty, the sequel of Bad Kitty, and the same year was published its graphic novel, Catnipped. Her latest YA novel is "Rosebush," which was published on December 7, 2010.
Jaffe is friends with bestselling Young Adult author Meg Cabot; they occasionally blogged advice columns together on Cabot's website. Thus persisted until Jaffe got her own Young Adult website. Now, she writes advice blogs on her own site more frequently.
Personal life
Jaffe is divorced, and living in NYC.
Bibliography
Historical Novels
Arboretti Family Saga Series (Romance)
The Stargazer - 1999
The Water Nymph - 2000
Lady Killer/Secret Admirer - 2002
Contemporary Thrillers of suspense
Lover Boy - 2004
Bad Girl - 2003
Young adult novels
Bad Kitty Series
Bad Kitty - 2006
Kitty Kitty - 2008
Single Novels
Rosebush - 2010
Ghost Flower - 2012
Minders - 2014
Omnibus in Collaboration
Prom Nights from Hell - 2007 (Exterminator's Daughter by Meg Cabot, Madison Avery and the Dim Reaper by Kim Harrison, Kiss and Tell by Michele Jaffe, Hell on Earth by Stephenie Meyer and The Corsage by Lauren Myracle)
Graphic novels
Bad Kitty Series
Catnipped - 2008
Nonfiction
Story of O: Prostitutes and Other Good For Nothings in the Renaissance - 1999
References and sources
External links
Official Site of Michele Jaffe
Site of Bad Kitty
Living people
1970 births
Harvard University alumni
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American romantic fiction writers
American mystery writers
American thriller writers
American children's writers
American women children's writers
Women romantic fiction writers
Women mystery writers
American women novelists
Women thriller writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele%20Jaffe |
Avon was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1911 to 2008. The name of the district was changed to Avon Valley in 1950, but reverted to its original name in 1962.
For most of its history, Avon was a Country Party (now Nationals) seat. However, at the 1974 state election, when it merged with the neighbouring safe Labor seat of Northam, Avon was held by Labor's Ken McIver until 1986, when it was won by the newly reunified Nationals. A boundary redistribution occasioned by electoral reforms in 1987 brought in more rural areas and ensured its continuing safety for the National Party.
Avon was abolished when the number of rural seats was reduced as a result of the one vote one value reforms. Almost all of its area moved into the new seat of Central Wheatbelt.
Geography
At the time of its abolition Avon was a rural electorate covering the eastern side of the Darling Scarp. Its main population centres included Northam, York, Beverley, Brookton, Pingelly, Boddington, Wandering, Popanyinning, Cuballing and Wickepin.
Members
Election results
External links
Former electoral districts of Western Australia
1911 establishments in Australia
2008 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 2008
Constituencies established in 1911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Avon |
The Seattle Redhawks are the intercollegiate varsity athletic teams of Seattle University of Seattle, Washington. They compete in the NCAA's Division I as a member institution of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).
History
Between 1950 and 1971, Seattle competed as an NCAA Division I independent, then joined the West Coast Athletic Conference (now West Coast Conference) in 1971. The Chieftains gained national attention in early 1952 when the basketball team defeated the Harlem Globetrotters. Seattle was led by the O'Brien twins, Eddie and Johnny, of South Amboy, New Jersey; Johnny became the first college player to score 1,000 points in a season and both were named All-Americans. The twins led Seattle to the NIT in Madison Square Garden in 1952, and then onto its first NCAA Tournament berth in 1953. The O'Briens were selected in the 1953 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Hawks but were also standouts in baseball. Upon graduation, Eddie and Johnny opted for the diamond and played together in the major leagues with the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1953 to 1958. Eddie (1930–2014) was later the baseball coach and athletic director at SU.
Seattle has eight wins (plus two consolation game victories) in eleven NCAA basketball tournament appearances (all from 1953 to 1969); half of the wins came in 1958 when the Chieftains advanced to the championship game at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, against the University of Kentucky. Seattle was led by consensus All-American and future NBA Hall of Famer Elgin Baylor of Washington, D.C., who was named most outstanding player of the tournament. In the semifinal on Friday night against tournament favorite Kansas State, he scored 23 points and grabbed 22 rebounds as Seattle won by 22 points in an upset rout, 73–51. In the final the next night, John Castellani's Chieftains led by three points at the half, but Baylor soon picked up his fourth personal foul, which limited his effectiveness in the second half and Adolph Rupp's Wildcats won by a dozen, 84–72.
During a period in the 1960s, Seattle led the nation with the number of active players in the NBA. Notable basketball alums include Eddie Miles, Tom Workman, Rod Derline, and Clint Richardson, who won an NBA title with the Philadelphia 76ers in 1983. Tennis player Tom Gorman led SU before leading the USA Davis Cup teams in the 1970s. Janet Hopps (tennis) and Pat Lesser (golf) were trailblazers in the advancement of women's sports in the 1950s competing nationally as a part of the men's teams. Seattle native Ruth Jessen attended for a year and was a top LPGA tour player in the 1960s.
In 1953, Patricia Lesser won the women's individual intercollegiate golf championship (an event conducted by the Division of Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS) — which later evolved into the current NCAA women's golf championship).
In March 1980, due to a recession that crippled the region, the administration contemplated dropping intercollegiate athletics. Two months later, SU voluntarily downgraded its athletic program from NCAA Division I to the small college NAIA, the Chieftains competed at this level for the next 21 years.
Under the leadership of university president Stephen Sundborg, SJ, Seattle changed its nickname from Chieftains to Redhawks in January 2000. Seattle rejoined the NCAA in 2001 and competed in Division III for a year, then in Division II from 2002 to 2009.
For the 2009–10 academic year, Seattle's varsity teams played full schedules against Division I opponents. Although it was then a Division I independent, the university had initially hoped to rejoin the West Coast Conference (where they played before leaving the NCAA in 1980), since all nine current members were private, religiously affiliated institutions (seven are Catholic and four share Seattle University's Jesuit affiliation). Seattle also explored membership in the Big Sky Conference, although all of its members played FCS football.
Seattle once again became eligible for Division I NCAA Championships beginning in 2012–13, and is a full Division I-AAA member (no football) in all 20 sports.
During the 2010–14 NCAA conference realignment, the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) saw a large number of their members leave. From 2011 to 2013, twelve schools left the WAC. In June 2011, the WAC invited Seattle to join as a full member beginning July 2012. Seattle accepted soon after for all of the sports it sponsors at the varsity level except rowing, which the WAC does not sponsor and, initially, men's swimming and diving, which the WAC did not sponsor at the time. Men's swimming and diving was added as a WAC-sponsored sport in 2013. The conference dropped football after the 2012 season and in the summer of 2013, only three members from the prior year remained in the conference (Seattle, New Mexico State, and Idaho). The WAC added six new members in 2013, and when Idaho returned to the Big Sky in 2014 (& Sun Belt for football), Seattle became the second-longest tenured WAC school after just three seasons in the league. Since joining the conference, the Redhawks have claimed five team titles and three individual titles, and have had four student-athletes named player of the year.
Stephanie Verdoia, women's soccer forward, was named two-time WAC Player of the Year, two time Academic All-American and was named an All-American and the Academic All-American of the Year for women's soccer in 2014. Verdoia also received the Senior CLASS Award as the sport's top scholar-athlete nationally and was the named the 2015 Seattle Sports Commission Female Sports Star of the Year.
In 2018, Seattle University's board of trustees renamed the Connolly Complex to the Redhawk Center due to Archbishop Thomas Connolly's failure to act on a known abusive priest.
Sports sponsored
Seattle University sponsors teams in nine men's and 11 women's NCAA sanctioned sports: The women's rowing team competes as an independent.
WAC Titles
Baseball
Regular Season (1): 2016
Men's Basketball
Regular Season (1): 2022
Men's Golf
Regular Season (1): 2017
Men's Soccer
Regular Season (3): 2013, 2015, 2019
Tournament (5): 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021
Women's Basketball
Regular Season (1): 2013
Tournament (1): 2018
Women's Cross Country
Regular Season (1): 2014
Women's Soccer
Regular Season (6): 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020
Tournament (5): 2013, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019
Softball
Regular Season (1): 2019
Tournament (2): 2019, 2021
Athletic facilities
Baseball – Bannerwood Park (capacity 300+)
Men's Basketball – Redhawk Center (capacity 999) and Climate Pledge Arena
Women's Basketball – Redhawk Center
Men's & Women's Cross Country – Several Seattle area sites
Men's & Women's Golf – The Golf Club at Newcastle & other Seattle area courses
Rowing – Seattle Rowing Center
Men's & Women's Soccer – Championship Field (capacity 650+)
Softball – Logan Field (capacity 250)
Men's & Women's Swimming & Diving – Redhawk Center Pool
Men's & Women's Tennis – Seattle University Tennis Courts & Amy Yee Tennis Center (City of Seattle)
Men's & Women's Track & Field – No Home Facilities
Volleyball – Redhawk Center
Source:
References
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle%20Redhawks |
Memphis City Schools (MCS) was the school district operating public schools in the city of Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It was headquartered in the Frances E. Coe Administration Building. On March 8, 2011, residents voted to disband the city school district, effectively merging it with the Shelby County School District. The merger took effect July 1, 2013. After much legal maneuvering, all six incorporated municipalities (other than Memphis) created separate school districts in 2014.
Total enrollment, as of the 2010-2011 school year, was about 103,000 students, which made the district the largest in Tennessee.
MCS served the entire city of Memphis. Some areas of unincorporated Shelby County were zoned to Memphis City Schools from Kindergarten through 12th grade. Some unincorporated areas of Shelby County were zoned to schools in Shelby County Schools for elementary and middle school and Memphis City Schools for high school.
As of August 2014 there are six new municipal school districts. Collierville Schools, Bartlett City Schools, Millington Municipal Schools, Germantown Municipal Schools, Arlington Community Schools and Lakeland School System. Shelby County Schools serves the city of Memphis and as well the unincorporated areas of Shelby County.
History
In the mid-1960s, the district had about 130,000 students. The numbers of white students and black students were almost equal.
In the mid-1960s, the district still segregated its schools. Daniel Kiel, a law professor at the University of Memphis who had authored publications about school integration in Memphis, said that the efforts to desegregate were, as paraphrased by Sam Dillon of The New York Times, "subterfuge and delay". Desegregation first began with the Memphis 13, a group of first graders. In 1973, the federal government ordered desegregation busing in Memphis. As a result, massive white flight occurred in Memphis City Schools. In 1973, the school district had 71,000 White students. In a period of four years, 40,000 of the White students left.
In July 2011, the Memphis City Schools Board of Commissioners voted to postpone opening Memphis City Schools indefinitely until the Memphis City Council provided money set aside for the school system. The incident was reported in national news.
In 2011 Marcus Pohlmann, a Rhodes College political science professor, wanted to study the Memphis schools to compare performances of schools with low income student bodies and schools with higher income student bodies. He concluded that he was unable to do so because "There are no middle-class black schools in Memphis. They’re all poor."
School uniforms
All MCS students were required to wear school uniforms from the fall of 2002 until the district was dissolved in 2013. Students could wear oxford shirts, polo shirts, turtlenecks, and blouses with "Peter Pan" collars. Colors varied, depending upon the school. In general, all white shirts were acceptable. Sweatshirts had to be white, black, navy blue, tan or any other colors approved by the individual campus. Trousers, shorts, skirts, and jumpers had to be black, tan, or navy blue. Denim clothing was not allowed. When MCS and SCS merged in 2013, the former MCS schools kept this uniform policy while the existing SCS schools did not, since the suburbs planned to form their own districts and leave SCS within a year.
Schools
K-12 schools
Alternative
Avon-Lenox School
Secondary schools
7-12 schools
Zoned
Bellevue Middle School
East Career and Technology Center
Kingsbury Middle/High School
Oakhaven Middle/High School
Treadwell Middle/High School
High schools
Zoned
George Washington Carver High School
Central High School
Cordova High School (Unincorporated Shelby County)
Craigmont High School
Douglass High School
East High School (Formerly a middle and high school)
Fairley High School
Frayser High School (Formerly a middle and high school)
Germantown High School
Hamilton High School
Kirby High School
Manassas High School
Melrose High School
Mitchell High School
Northside High School
Watkins Overton High School
Raleigh-Egypt High School
Ridgeway High School
Sheffield High School
Southside High School
Trezevant High School (Formerly a middle and high school)
Booker T. Washington High School
Westwood High School
White Station High School
Whitehaven High School
Wooddale High School
Alternative
Middle College High School
Middle schools
6-8
Cordova Middle School
6-8
Airways Middle School
American Way Middle School
Bellevue Middle School
Colonial Middle School
Corry Middle School
Craigmont Middle School
Cypress Middle School
Fairview Middle School
Geeter Middle School
Hamilton Middle School
Havenview Middle School
Hickory Ridge Middle School
Humes Middle School
Kirby Middle School
Lanier Middle School
Raleigh-Egypt Middle School
Ridgeway Middle School
Riverwood Middle School
Sherwood Middle School
South Side Middle School
Vance Middle School
A. Maceo Walker Middle School
Westside Middle School (a 7-12 school until 07-08)
White Station Middle School (Wikipedia)
Wooddale Middle School
7-8
Chickasaw Middle School
Georgian Hills Middle School
K-8 schools
Zoned
Lester School
Snowden School
Alternative
John P. Freeman Optional School
K-7 schools
Zoned
Douglass School
Elementary schools
Zoned elementary schools
K-6
Berclair Elementary School
Brookmeade Elementary School
Lucie E. Campbell Elementary School
Corning Elementary School
Coro Lake Elementary School
Denver Elementary School
Double Tree Elementary School
Downtown Elementary School
Ford Road Elementary School
Frayser Elementary School
Georgian Hills Elementary School
Grahamwood Elementary School
Grandview Heights Elementary School
Graves Elementary School
Hawkins Mill Elementary School
Jackson Elementary School
Kingsbury Elementary School
Levi Elementary School
Oakhaven Elementary School
Shelby Oaks Elementary School
Treadwell Elementary School
Wells Station Elementary School
Westside Elementary School
Westwood Elementary School
White's Chapel Elementary School
Whitney Elementary School
K-5
Alcy Elementary School
Alton Elementary School
Balmoral/Ridgeway Elementary School
Kate Bond Elementary School (Unincorporated Shelby County)
Bethel Grove Elementary School
William Brewster Elementary School
Brownsville Road Elementary School
Bruce Elementary School
Caldwell Elementary School
Carnes Elementary School
Charjean Elementary School
Cherokee Elementary School
Robert R. Church Elementary School
Coleman Elementary School
Cromwell Elementary School
Crump Elementary School
Cummings Elementary School
Dunbar Elementary School
Egypt Elementary School
Evans Elementary School
Fairley Elementary School
Florida-Kansas Elementary School
Fox Meadows Elementary School
Gardenview Elementary School
Georgia Avenue Elementary School
Germanshire Elementary School
Getwell Elementary School
Goodlett Elementary School
Gordon Elementary School
Graceland Elementary School
Guthrie Elementary School
Hamilton Elementary School
Hanley Elementary School
Hickory Ridge Elementary School
A. B. Hill Elementary School
Holmes Road Elementary School
Idlewild Elementary School
Keystone Elementary School
Klondike Elementary School
Knight Road Elementary School
Lakeview Elementary School
LaRose Elementary School
Lincoln Elementary School
Magnolia Elementary School
Manor Lake Elementary School
Newberry Elementary School
Norris Elementary School
Oak Forest Elementary School
Oakshire Elementary School
Orleans Elementary School
Peabody Elementary School
Rainshaven Elementary School
Raleigh-Bartlett Meadows Elementary School
Richland Elementary School
Riverview Elementary School
Ross Elementary School
Rozelle Elementary School
Scenic Hills Elementary School
Sea Isle Elementary School
Shady Grove Elementary School
Shannon Elementary School
Sharpe Elementary School
Sheffield Elementary School
Sherwood Elementary School
South Park Elementary School
Spring Hill Elementary School
Springdale Elementary School
Vollentine Elementary School
Westhaven Elementary School
White Station Elementary
Whitehaven Elementary School
Willow Oaks Elementary School
Winchester Elementary School
Winridge Elementary School
Whites Chapel Elementary School
1-5
Campus School
K-4
Cordova Elementary School
Alternative elementary schools
K-6
Delano Elementary school
Former schools
Former elementary schools
Hollywood Elementary School (closed spring 2007) (Students reassigned to Springdale Elementary School)
Lauderdale Elementary School (closed spring 2007) (Students reassigned to Larose Elementary School)
Macon Elementary School (closed spring 2007) (Students reassigned to Berclair Elementary School)
Ridgeway Elementary School was merged into Balmoral Elementary in spring 2007. The building underwent moderate renovations to accommodate what is currently Ridgeway High School's Ninth Grade Freshmen Academy.
Graves Elementary School, closed in 2014.
Former secondary schools
Longview Middle School (closed spring 2007)
Former high schools
Humes High School
Messick High School
Memphis Technical High School
Southside High School
Blue Ribbon Schools
Seven Memphis City Schools have been recognized by the U.S. Department of Education's Blue Ribbon Schools Program, which honors schools that are academically superior or demonstrate dramatic gains in student achievement. These schools are:
1982-83 — Snowden School
1985-86 — Grahamwood School
1992-93 — Craigmont Junior/Senior High School
1993-94 — Richland Elementary School
2004 — Keystone Elementary
2005 — Delano Elementary School
2008 — John P. Freeman Optional School
Other facilities
Memphis City Schools was headquartered in the Francis E. Coe Administration Building, It was shared with the pre-merger Shelby County Schools. The building has two wings, one for each district. As of 2013 the corridor linking the wings had a double-locked doors, and the glass panels had been covered by particle boards. Irving Hamer, the deputy superintendent of Memphis City Schools, described the barrier as "our Berlin Wall."
See also
History of Memphis, Tennessee
List of high schools in Tennessee
List of school districts in Tennessee
Shelby County Schools
WQOX, a radio station owned by Memphis City Schools
References
Further reading
Collins, Thomas W. and George W. Noblit. "Stratification and Resegregation: The Case of Crossover High School, Memphis, Tennessee." (Archive) - Info page. ERIC Number: ED157954.
Noblit, George W. and Thomas W. Collins. School flight and school policy: Desegregation and resegregation in the Memphis City Schools. The Urban Review, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Fall 1978 (Cover date September 1, 1978), Volume 10, Issue 3, pp 203–212. DOI 10.1007/BF02174224. DOI 10.1007/BF02174224, Print ISSN 0042-0972, Online ISSN 1573-1960.
Pohlmann, Marcus D. Opportunity Lost: Race and Poverty in the Memphis City Schools. University of Tennessee Press, 2008.
External links
SCSK12.org - Official Shelby County Schools Website
City Schools
2013 disestablishments in Tennessee
Educational institutions disestablished in 2013
Former school districts in the United States
School districts in Shelby County, Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis%20City%20Schools |
Sultan Mahmud Bridge or Jambatan Sultan Mahmud (Jawi: جمبتن سلطان مهمود) is a bridge in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, which crosses Terengganu River. Constructed in 1988, the bridge was officially opened by the late of Sultan of Terengganu, Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah on 11 March 1990. Toll collection for the bridge was abolished in 1999 by the then PAS state government following an election promise.
Sultan Mahmud International Bridge Run
The Sultan Mahmud International Bridge Run is the annual bridge run that is held on September every year. It is organised by the Terengganu State Government, the Terengganu Amateur Athletic Association (POAT) and the Terengganu State Tourism Action Council (MTPNT).
See also
Jalan Tengku Mizan
Federal Route 65
References
Bridges completed in 1990
Bridges in Terengganu
Former toll bridges in Malaysia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%20Mahmud%20Bridge |
Miz's first Japanese album, Say It's Forever, contains her first two Japanese singles—a-sides and b-sides—as Miz, New Day and Waiting For. If You Run was used as an ending theme for the docchi no ryouri SHOW.
Track listing
"New Day"
"Waiting For"
"What's Going On"
"If You Run"
"Interlude"
"Confusion"
"Dreams"
"Not You"
"Say It's Forever"
"Circles"
""What's It to You?!""
"In The Dark"
"Got It"
Swedish Diary DVD
New Day (Video clip)
Waiting For (Video clip)
at Gotland (Slideshow)
at Stockholm (Slideshow)
2004 albums
Victor Entertainment albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%20It%27s%20Forever |
Mates, Dates is a series of books written for teenagers by Cathy Hopkins. The characters later cross over into her other popular book series Truth, Dare, Kiss or Promise.
The Mates, Dates series is about four best friends: Lucy, Izzie, Nesta and, from the fourth instalment on, TJ. They go through all kinds of teenage problems, from boys, bras, and being broke, to finding one's place in the world. Each book is from one of the friends' perspective, showing exactly how each girl deals with the dilemmas she faces.
Titles
Titles are the same in the U.S. and UK unless otherwise noted.
Mates, Dates and Inflatable Bras – A turning point has come in Lucy's life, but she doesn't want it. Lucy is pressured to figure out what she wants for her future. Her best friend Izzie seems to be becoming way too close to new-girl Nesta and she feels increasingly pushed out. But then Wonder-boy crosses the street and her whole life begins to change.
Mates, Dates and Cosmic Kisses
Mates, Dates and Portobello Princesses (Designer Divas in the U.S) Nesta meets the perfect Simon on a train from hell. But she runs into problems as he comes from a rich, upper-class background and she feels out of her league. To top it all there is Cressida, the ice queen who sneers at her clothes and her life. Can Nesta see what really matters?
Mates, Dates and Sleepover Secrets – This book shows TJ's debut as she slowly becomes friends with Lucy. But problems arise as she is running for editor of the school magazine and so is classmate Wendy Roberts, who has it in for her. Will Izzie and Nesta accept her and will her problem of always being "one of the guys" be resolved? And what happens with her crush on the next door neighbor?
Mates, Dates and Sole Survivors – Lucy seems to be going through a tumultuous time. When she finally wants to go out with Tony, he already has a girlfriend. But then at a spa weekend she meets Daniel. He seems perfect, good looking, into fashion and reliable. But she begins to feel as if he is taking over her life. Maybe being single isn't so bad after all.
Mates, Dates and Mad Mistakes – Izzie is sick of being treated like a kid, so she makes some changes in her life. But is she not ready to face the consequences as new bad boy Josh comes into her life? And her mother is against the whole new Izzie.
Mates, Dates and Pulling Power (Sequin Smiles in the U.S.) – The stunningly beautiful Nesta is in agony. She has to have braces. And this happens to be when she meets Luke, a sizzlingly hot young actor like her. In this book Nesta learns more about her family's history and about herself.
Mates, Dates and Tempting Trouble – TJ is getting hot under the collar as Nesta's boyfriend Luke declares passionate love for her. Can Nesta's and TJ's friendship continue? And what will TJ's steady boyfriend, Steve, say?
Mates, Dates and Great Escapes – Tony, Lucy's boyfriend, keeps wanting to get serious while Lucy wants to cool down. So a school trip to Florence seems to be the perfect escape. There she meets Teddy, a cute and sophisticated American who seems the perfect gentleman. But will she be able to forget Tony?
Mates, Dates and Chocolate Cheats — Izzie, who is usually on top of the world, is feeling down. None of her clothes fit. She tries many diets but none of them seem to work; she loses her confidence and starts to become obsessive about losing weight. Can her mates help her out of this hole or will she keep digging herself down?
Mates, Dates and Diamond Destiny — Nesta is sick of being thought shallow, so raising money for charity seems a God-sent way of banishing those comments. But there she meets William, friend of her former flame, love-rat Luke. But can she bring herself to trust him?
Mates, Dates and Sizzling Summers – TJ is resigned to being single when two boys come along at the same time! She is torn between them, and comes off looking like a two-timer. With the support of her friends, can she overcome this?
Mates, Dates and Saving the Planet
Mates, Dates and Flirting
Mates, Dates Guide to Life, Love and Looking Luscious – Lucy, Izzie, Nesta and TJ's helpful guide of all the tips and tricks they know about boys, beauty, fashion, life and more.
Mates, Dates: The Secret Story – The full story of Tony and Lucy's romance is revealed. It tells both Lucy's and Tony's sides of the story.
Mate, Dates and You
Main characters
Lucy Lovering — A very sweet and petite girl who lives in Muswell Hill in northern London. Lucy has blonde hair, has small breasts, and is four feet eight inches tall (later five feet). Her father owns a health store, so there are always strange, healthy New Age meals and products at her house (although Lucy's secret dream is to come home and find out dinner is chicken burgers). Lucy aspires to be a fashion designer, and along the books already makes some clothes for her and her friends. She also likes to make jokes, and has two older brothers, Steve and Lal. Lucy dates Nesta's brother, Tony, on and off throughout the series, but is also seeing others throughout the course of the books. For a while, she dates a seemingly perfect boy, Daniel, but finds he is controlling and suffocating. On a school trip to Italy, Lucy goes out with an Italian-American boy called Teddy Ambosini Junior. Her birthday is May 24, which makes her a Gemini.
Isobel "Izzie" Foster — A tall, dark-haired girl who is into all sorts of New Age and spiritual stuff, Izzie loves horoscopes, tarot readings, and meditation techniques, and is always showing them to her mates as well. Izzie becomes a vegetarian and she loves the way of life at Lucy's house. Izzie aspires to be a singer/songwriter, and sings with the band King Noz. Izzie's parents are divorced and remarried; she lives with her "straighter-than-straight" mum and step-dad Angus, who has two adult daughters. Her dad is married to Anna and they have a son, Izzie's younger half-brother Tom, who she adores. Izzie firstly goes out with Mark for a little time, but he doesn't return her calls, She then meets Ben (from King Noz) and they start dating. Later they break up and Izzie goes through a bad phase of drinking, smoking and going out with Josh Harper - a stereotypical "wild" boy, although later she realizes her mistakes, and they split up. She also becomes briefly interested in Gabriel from Teen Talk before he tells her he is gay. Her birthday is January 6, making her a Capricorn.
Nesta Williams — A very beautiful girl, with silky brown hair and dark skin and green eyes. Nesta lives with her parents and her older half-brother, Tony Costello, near Highgate in London. Her father is Italian and a director, and her mother is Jamaican and works as a T.V news presenter, a mix which resulted in her good looks. She first aspires to be a model, and then later to be an actress. Sometimes Nesta is thought to be shallow by her friends, which bothers her a lot. Her friends sometimes tell her she has a big mouth. In difficult situations, she likes to pretend she is a movie heroine. Nesta has to have a brace fitted, and she considers becoming a recluse, until she decides against it. She is considered very beautiful by her friends, and has great success with boys. Although she has dated and snogged a lot of boys, she has dated only a few seriously: Simon, Luke De Biasi and later Luke's best friend William. Her birthday is August 18, making her a Leo.
Theresa Joanne "TJ" Watts — TJ joins the group when her best friend Hannah moves to South Africa. She slowly becomes friends with Lucy, and soon becomes one of the mates. Her parents are older than most of the parents of girls her age, since she was a "surprise baby" or "a mistake". Because of this, TJ nicknamed them The Wrinklies. TJ's dad is very stern, and everyone calls him Scary Dad. He doesn't like TJ bringing in friends and complains about the noise. She is incredibly smart, but also shy, particularly around boys. TJ says that, around boys, she turns into Noola, the alien girl, and is only able to speak in gibberish. TJ is into reading, and devours books, and also into writing: she becomes the co-editor of the school newspaper and aspires to be a journalist/novelist. She first dates Lucy's brother Steve, and has dates with Ollie Axford and then Nesta's ex-boyfriend, Luke de Biasi. Her birthday is November 24, making her a Sagittarius.
Minor characters
Tony Costello - Nesta's older half-brother, Italian like his father. His mother died when he was only 6 months but Nesta's mother has always been a mother to him. He is said to be a player, dating a different girl every week. As soon as Lucy sees him she falls for him, and her first snog is with him. They date on and off. Tony develops strong feelings for her and wants to take it to the next level while Lucy wants to cool down. In the end, they do not get back together, but still harbor feelings for one another. It is hinted that they will get back together at a later age due to what Tony says. (Source: Mates, Dates: The Secret Diary)
Steve Lovering - Lucy's 17-year-old brother and the eldest Lovering sibling, Steve is interested in graphics and books. In Sleepover Secrets he is introduced to TJ but initially pays no notice of her. Lucy and her friends make a plan to help TJ's neighbour fall for TJ with Steve's help, but soon he develops feelings for her. He doesn't reveal his feelings until the end of the book when TJ realizes so herself, and they start dating. In Tempting Trouble TJ develops feelings for Nesta's boyfriend Luke de Biasi, which puts her and Steve's relationship in jeopardy. She dumps him in an email when Luke tells her he too will dump his girlfriend so they can be together.
Laurence "Lal" Lovering - Lucy's 15-year-old brother, and the middle sibling of the three. Only few years' difference between him and Steve go a long way. He is sort of a player and often acts like a huge jerk - according to Lucy, he has a kiss chart in his bedroom.
Simon Peddington Lee - Nesta's boyfriend for some time. 18 years old, tall, dark and cute, Simon is very rich and lives in a huge, fancy house. He has a sister named Tanya, whose best friend is Cressida Dudley-Smith. Simon and Nesta really fall for each other, but eventually break up when he has to go to university.
Tanya Peddington Lee - Simon's younger sister, also the friend of Cressida. The first time, Nesta thinks she is just like Cressida, despite instantly being nice to her, but she soon finds out that Tanya is much friendlier than Cressida. Tanya later dumps Cressida as a friend. She also accidentally gets Nesta into trouble by giving her champagne.
Cressida Dudley-Smith - Simon's ex-girlfriend and also a friend of Tanya. She is arrogant and snobbish, and is given the nickname "WC" (short for Watercress) by Nesta. She goes after Tony, Nesta's brother, just to spite her. She is said to be tall, blonde, and very pretty.
Mr and Mrs Lovering - They are really strict about healthy food, whilst their kids dream about chips and normal teenage food. Mr Lovering owns a health food store and Mrs Lovering is a counsellor.
Dr Richard Watts and Dr Maureen Watts - TJ's parents who are both doctors. They are older than the other girls' parents and when Nesta first sees them she thinks they are TJ's grandparents. They considered moving to Devon for a while, to TJ's horror, but later decided that they'd miss London too much. In book 12, the subject is brought up again when TJ's father has a stroke and they spend some time on the Rame Peninsula in Cornwall, but end up buying a summer home there, instead of moving away.
Paul Watts - TJ's older brother. He goes travelling for a while during book 4 and he is then said to be a painter/decorator living in Bristol. He is in his twenties.
Marie Watts - TJ's older sister, who gets married in the eighth book. She is in her twenties.
Luke de Biasi - Nesta's boyfriend from Book 7 to 8 who she breaks up with after finding out he is three-timing her with TJ and another girl. He is TJ's boyfriend in Book 12.
William Lewis - Nesta's boyfriend from Book 11, he is Luke's best friend.
References
External links
Author's official website
Cathy Hopkins' page on the publisher's website
Review of Mates, Dates and Tempting Trouble
Mates, Dates
Series of books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mates%2C%20Dates%20series |
Jens Lindemann (born 1966) is a German-born Canadian trumpet soloist of Polish Jewish heritage now based in Los Angeles. He is the first classical brass soloist to be awarded the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honour. He played in the Canadian Brass from 1996 to 2001 and continues to play at major concert venues all over the world as an orchestral soloist, with chamber groups, jazz bands, and also as a recitalist and masterclinician.
Lindemann is a professor with high distinction at University of California, Los Angeles and was a Distinguished Visiting Artist at Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University in Winchester, Virginia. He has also taught at the Banff Centre in Banff, Alberta. Lindemann also has an honorary doctorate (LL.D.) from McMaster University, Honorary Fellow (FRCMT) from the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto and the Medal of Excellence from MacEwan University.
Named "Personality of the Year 2006" by the British magazine The Brass Herald, Lindemann also hosted the 33rd International Trumpet Guild conference at the Banff Centre in June 2008. He has given numerous world premières with orchestras including the North American première of Bernd Alois Zimmermann's concerto Nobody Knows with the Toronto Symphony.
Lindemann studied at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City and McGill University in Montreal. Among numerous distinctions, he has been a nominee for 2 Grammy awards, 5 Juno awards in 4 four different categories and received the Echo Klassik in Germany. As part of Alberta's centenary celebrations in 2005, he gave a solo Command Performance for Queen Elizabeth II. Jens Lindemann was also the first prize winner of two major international solo contests in 1992, the Prague Spring Festival competition and the Ellsworth Smith (Florida), both by unanimous juries. In May 2012, playing with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, he was the first Canadian trumpeter to perform as a featured soloist at Carnegie Hall in New York City. Founding member of the All Star Brass which has recorded 4 CD's and as well as the first live brass chamber version of Ottorino Respighi's Pines of Rome, Lindemann is also the Artistic Director of the Banff Centre International Summer Brass Festival and Artistic Director of the Jeju International Wind Ensemble Festival in Korea.
Lindemann was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2014.
Discography
Solo:
Flying Solo (2003)
Rising Sun (2005)
The Classic Trumpet (2008)
Trumpet Concertos of Haydn, Hummel, Hertel, and Albinoni (2018)
Bach and Brahms Reimagined (2020)
Then is Now 'Rhapsody in Blue (2020)
As guest/ensemble member:
All Star Brass Live 2009, 2010, 2011, Toccata and Fugue
Pines of Rome with Italian Wonderbrass (2011)
Dreaming of the Masters (2011)
With Canadian Brass:
Canadian Brass Plays Bernstein (1996)
Canadian Brass Christmas Experiment (1997)
Canadian Brass All You Need is Love (1998)
Canadian Brass A Christmas Gloria (1999)
Canadian Brass Take the "A" Train (1999)
Canadian Brass Celebration (1999)
Canadian Brass Bach – Goldberg Variations (2001)
References
External links
Official Jens Lindemann Site
Jens Lindemann UCLA Faculty Page
Members of the Order of Canada
Living people
Canadian trumpeters
Male trumpeters
1966 births
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century Canadian male musicians
UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music faculty
McGill University School of Music alumni
Juilliard School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Lindemann |
James, Jim or Jimmy Forrest may refer to:
Sports
James Forrest (rugby union) (1907–1981), Scotland international rugby union player
James Forrest (baseball) (1897–1977), American baseball player
James Forrest (basketball) (born 1972), American basketball player
James Forrest (footballer, born 1894), Scottish footballer
James Forrest (footballer, born 1991), Scottish footballer
James Forrest (New Zealand cricketer) (born 1974), New Zealand cricketer
James Forrest (South African cricketer) (1921–2010), South African cricketer
Jim Forrest (curler), Scottish curler
Jim Forrest (footballer, born 1927) (1927–1992), Scottish footballer
Jim Forrest (footballer) (1944–2023), Scottish footballer
Jimmy Forrest (footballer) (1864–1925), Blackburn Rovers and England footballer
Others
Sir James Forrest, 1st Baronet (1780–1860), Lord Provost of Edinburgh
James Alexander Forrest (1905–1990), Australian lawyer, businessman and philanthropist
James Forrest (actor), American actor
James Forrest (engineer) (1825–1917), British civil engineer
Jimmy Forrest (musician) (1920–1980), American jazz saxophonist
James Forrest (adventurer), English adventurer, hiker and author
See also
James Goodwin Forest, forest near Carthage, North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Forrest |
James Forrest (22 September 1944 – 27 September 2023) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a striker for Rangers, Preston, Aberdeen and Hong Kong Rangers.
Club career
James Forrest was born in Glasgow, raised in the Townhead district of the city and signed for Rangers (the club he supported) as a schoolboy; he was sent for a short period to Drumchapel Amateurs for development. In coming into the first-team, he displaced Jimmy Millar as the successful early 1960s Rangers side was breaking up.
Forrest was known as a prolific goalscorer – in total scoring 145 goals in his 163 games for Rangers, his 50th goal for the club coming in his 45th appearance. He scored 57 goals in the 1964–65 season, just two short of Jimmy McGrory of Celtic who holds the record of most goals scored in a season in British football. Forrest holds the record for number of goals scored for Rangers in a League Cup match, scoring five in an 8–0 victory over Stirling Albion in August 1966. Other highlights included two goals in his first Old Firm appearance in 1963 (when he was aged just 18), four in the 1963 Scottish League Cup Final win over Morton, both goals in the 1964 Scottish League Cup Final victory over Celtic, and another five-goal haul against Hamilton in a 1965 league game.
His Rangers career came to an end shortly after the infamous Scottish Cup defeat to Berwick Rangers in January 1967. He and George McLean were deemed entirely to blame, and both were dropped by manager Scot Symon and transferred within weeks.
After spending a year at Preston, he had a five-year stint at Aberdeen, where he received a Scottish Cup winner's medal in 1970, before transferring to Hong Kong Rangers in 1973.
International career
Forrest played five times for Scotland between 1965 and 1971, but did not score. He had also featured for the Under-23 side.
Personal life and death
Forrest's cousin, Alex Willoughby, was also a professional footballer. The two were team-mates at Drumchapel, Rangers, Aberdeen and Hong Kong Rangers.
Jim Forrest died on 27 September 2023, at the age of 79.
Career statistics
Club
International
References
External links
1944 births
2023 deaths
People from Townhead
Scottish men's footballers
Footballers from Glasgow
Men's association football forwards
Scotland men's international footballers
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
National Football League (South Africa) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Scottish league football top scorers
Aberdeen F.C. players
Drumchapel Amateur F.C. players
Cape Town City F.C. (NFL) players
Hong Kong Rangers FC players
Preston North End F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
San Antonio Thunder players
Hawick Royal Albert F.C. players
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Hong Kong
Expatriate men's footballers in Hong Kong
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Forrest%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201944%29 |
The Tah Dahs are a Dallas-based indie rock band formed in 2001 by Roy Ivy and James Porter. The original lineup started as a five piece and included friends Chris Fowler on rhythm and Wurlitzer, Michael Bryant on guitar and Rebecca Kraemer on viola. Ivy left for a year's stint to tour and record with the Polyphonic Spree. On his return to Dallas, the band trimmed down to a power trio and began to write a more aggressive style of pop music. In 2005, the band released Le Fun on Dallas's indie label Undeniable Records. Later that year, work began with Stuart Sikes (Modest Mouse, Cat Power, The Promise Ring) on a follow-up album due out in late 2006.
External links
The Tah Dahs Official Website
The Tah Dahs MySpace page
Indie rock musical groups from Texas
Musical groups from Dallas
Musical groups established in 2001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tah%20Dahs |
The Catholic High School Athletic Association or CHSAA is a high school athletic association made up of Catholic high schools based in New York City, Long Island, Westchester and Buffalo. It is the largest Catholic high school athletic league in the United States.
Members
The NYCHSAA is divided into four sections.
New York Section
The New York Section consists of schools in Westchester, the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, corresponding to the Archdiocese of New York.
Brooklyn-Queens Section
The Brooklyn-Queens Section consists of schools in Brooklyn and Queens, corresponding to the Diocese of Brooklyn.
Nassau-Suffolk Section
The Nassau-Suffolk Section consists of schools in Nassau and Suffolk counties, corresponding to the Diocese of Rockville Centre.
Buffalo Section
The Buffalo Section consists of schools in Buffalo area corresponding to the Diocese of Buffalo, and is also referred to as the Monsignor Martin Athletic Association. Unlike the other sections, membership is open to non-Catholic schools.
Rest of the state
Catholic schools outside the CHSAA's territory compete in their local sections of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association. This includes Hudson Valley schools beyond Westchester County (although those are within the Archdiocese), as well as the state's other four dioceses (Albany, Ogdensburg, Rochester, and Syracuse).
Former members
History
The CHSAA was formed in March 1927. The Catholic schools in New York City from approximately 1908 to 1922 competed along with their grammar school counterparts in baseball and track, but no larger organization arose from the competition. The Catholic secondary schools of the city remained largely unorganized, while their counterparts in such cities as Chicago and Philadelphia had been organized into leagues for years. Finally, in 1927, the Southern Branch of the New York Catholic High Schools’ Athletic Association organized league competition with an outdoor track meet held at Fordham University on May 26, 1927. The charter members of the league were Fordham Prep, All Hallows, LaSalle Academy, Regis, St. Ann's, and Xavier High, all in Manhattan; and Brooklyn Prep, Bishop Loughlin, Brooklyn Cathedral, St. John's Prep, and St. Francis Prep; all in Brooklyn.
In 1928, the CHSAA introduced indoor track, basketball, and baseball to the program, and in 1929 added cross country and ice hockey. In 1930, swimming was added to the program. The basketball winner would compete with the three other sectional winners in the state for the right to compete in the Loyola National Catholic Basketball tournament in Chicago. A.G. Spalding & Co. contributed two silver loving cups for the baseball and football competition. The first team winning the league title in baseball or football three times would receive permanent possession of the cup.
See also
New York state high school boys basketball championships
List of New York state high school league conferences
References
External links
League Website
Brooklyn Eagle Sports
New York (state) sports-related lists
High school sports associations in New York (state)
High school sports conferences and leagues in the United States
New York (state) education-related lists
Catholic sports organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20High%20School%20Athletic%20Association |
Erwin Ballarta is the executive director of the Texas Police Association, a 501(c)(3) association founded in 1895 with the main purpose of promoting professionalism in law enforcement. Ballarta was previously the Executive Vice President of Capitol Strategic Operations He is a self-defense expert in Pekiti Tirsia Kali and various weapons. Ballarta has taught hand-to-hand combat and weapon tactics to the FBI, the Texas Highway patrol, and various military personnel and has been a bodyguard of George W. Bush and various celebrities. He was a Lieutenant with the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS), where he was the Recruit School Coordinator and Defensive Tactics Coordinator for the Training Academy. He retired from the Texas D.P.S. at the end of August, 2008. He is also president of the Austin Filipino American Association and the executive director of the Texas Kali Association.
Martial arts
Ballarta began his training in 1974 under Fred Tolentino in Manila in a family style of Arnis. In 1975, he met Leo T. Gaje Jr. and began training during frequent trips to New York City. In 1977, Ballarta fought in the first full contact Arnis tournament in the U.S., the Palarong Pilipino Pekiti-Tirsia tournament. Ballarta won first place as the first Filipino American full contact Arnis champion at the Philippine Embassy in New York City. During these early years of Pekiti-Tirsia in the U.S., he and Tom Bisio traded the champions' trophy back and forth each year at the tournament. Erwin's titles also include the 1980 Grand Champion (Great Gorge, New Jersey) and the 1981 U.S. Midwest Champion.
Law enforcement
In 1982, Ballarta moved to Big Spring, Texas to continue his training with Gaje. He was Billy McGrath's roommate during that time, and also shared a house with Ronnie Bautista and Lee Bonvillain for a few months. Bautista is a former sheriff's deputy from Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, and Bonvillain is a former police officer for the city of Lake Charles, Louisiana. Soon after arriving in Texas, Erwin became a police officer with the Big Spring Police Department. He was soon promoted to the rank of Sergeant of the Patrol Division, then Crime Prevention and finally Criminal Investigation Divisions.
From 1987 to the August, 2008, Ballarta was a State Trooper with the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) in positions that have included Staff Sergeant Governor's Protective Detail, Staff Sergeant DPS Training Academy, and rising to the position of Staff Lieutenant Defensive Tactics Coordinator at the DPS Training Academy. The Defensive Tactics Section offers instruction in legal use of force issues, custody death, baton tactics, OC Pepper Spray, empty hand self-defense, edge weapons defense, baton tactics, pressure points, survival ground tactics, handcuffing, and handgun retention.
Among his many certifications are Emergency medical technician certification and an Instructor's Certification with the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Office of Standards and Education. He is an ASP Tactical Baton Instructor and a Chemical Aerosol Projector Instructor. In 2006, Ballarta received certification as an Arrest and Control Tactics Instructor at FLETC in Georgia.
Instruction
Ballarta has taught the following subjects at specialized schools.
Edged weapon Defense, Philippine National Police
Defensive Tactics Instructors Course, FBI in Quantico, Virginia
DEA Recruit School, (also at Quantico)
DPS SWAT Team
DPS Narcotics Agents
DPS Criminal Law Enforcement Agents
Improvised Survival Weaponry, Mexico Federal Police
DPS Narcotics Agents (TNCP)
Handgun retention
DPS recruit schools
DPS narcotics
Officer survival schools
DPS SWAT
Baton Tactics
DPS Recruit School
Midland Sheriff's Office
Women's Self Protection, Sul Ross University
DPS employees, Big Spring, TX. Midland, TX.
Oleoresin Capsicum spray (OC) training classes
Survival Ground Tactics
He has been recognized by the FBI Training Academy, Quantico, VA. for his efforts and contribution in the field of Defensive Tactics and developed and instructed the Arnis Baton Tactics class for the Texas DPS Troopers Officer Survival Course (implemented statewide). Before joining the State Police Ballarta was the Head Instructor for Safety Baton Tactics, Permian Basin Law Enforcement Academy.
In 1997, Ballarta helped establish a formal agency alliance between the Philippine National Police and Texas DPS.
Instructional controversy
In the A-2005 DPS Recruit School, Ballarta was the instructor during full-contact fighting training called "Active Countermeasures". During this fight, Trooper Trainee Jimmy Carty was fatally injured, dying 10 days later. According to sworn statements, Ballarta was informed of the mis-match in skills of Carty and his opponent, but refused to schedule a different opponent. Ballarta was also the referee during this match and had several opportunities to end the match when it was apparent that Carty was overwhelmed. Since this incident, the DPS had an outside consultant review the training program. After review, the program was modified to mirror the Arrest and Control Tactics of FLETC. The widow of Jimmy Carty has filed a "wrongful death" lawsuit against the DPS.
Case no. 11–40253, Christy Carty V. Texas Department of Public Safety, et al. has a final disposition filed with the 5th Circuit Court on March 14, 2012. Document: 00511788802 indicates the case was dropped. "For the reasons above, we REVERSE and RENDER in favor of Defendants on the remaining claim against them based on qualified immunity. We REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this opinion." 6 This court ruled that the district court abused its discretion in not addressing Defendants’ motion for Plaintiff to file a reply under Fed. R. Civ. P. 7(a) to Defendants’ answer raising the qualified immunity defense and instructed the district court to order Plaintiff to file such a reply."
Personal security
Ballarta is also head of security for cyclist Lance Armstrong. Ballarta performed security duty for George W. Bush.
References
External links
Texas Police Association
Tactical Kali
Texas Department of Public Safety
American municipal police officers
American state police officers
Bodyguards
Filipino eskrimadors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Big Spring, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin%20Ballarta |
Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio is the brand name for exclusive play-by-play broadcast presentation of Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio. The coverage has most recently been presented by Indeed, along with AutoZone for the postseason; previous presenting sponsors included Wendy's, Barbasol, Nesquik, DraftKings, Xerox, AutoZone, Excedrin, United States Postal Service and Mercedes-Benz.
History
In 1997, ESPN Radio outbid CBS Radio to become the exclusive national radio broadcaster of Major League Baseball beginning the following year. CBS Radio had been the national radio broadcaster since 1976.
The agreement lasted seven years through 2004 and gave ESPN Radio the rights to broadcast numerous games including Sunday Night Baseball, Saturday Game of the Week, Opening Day and holiday games, September weekday pennant race games, the All-Star Game and Home Run Derby, and all of the playoffs, including the World Series.
In 2004, ESPN Radio extended the deal with a five-year, $55 million dollar contract extension through the 2010 season.
The agreement also added a weekly program devoted to baseball, which became The Baseball Show from 3 p.m. ET to 7 pm. ET on Sundays during the regular season. The program was hosted by John Seibel and Steve Phillips.
Coverage overview
As previously mentioned, in beginning in the 1998 season, ESPN Radio took over from CBS Radio as the official, national radio broadcaster for Major League Baseball. The network's contract with MLB currently runs through 2028, and as of 2022, Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio is part of ESPN Radio’s main lineup, instead of in an opt-in/opt-out basis as in previous years. However, affiliates retain the ability to opt out of broadcasts involving in-market teams during the regular season.
The games include Opening Day, Sunday Night Baseball, Saturday games (usually the same matchup as the Sunday Night game with case-by-case exceptions, mainly due to start time conflicts), holiday games (during Memorial Day, Independence Day and Labor Day; occasionally broadcast as doubleheaders) and September pennant race games. ESPN Radio holds exclusive radio rights to the All-Star Game and Home Run Derby. The postseason (including the Wild Card Games, Division Series, League Championship Series and World Series) is a semi-exclusive arrangement. The participating teams' flagship stations are allowed to air play-by-play using their own announcers and production. The national ESPN Radio feed may, however, be carried live on another station in those markets as well (for instance, WHB in Kansas City aired the ESPN feed of Kansas City Royals postseason games in 2014 and 2015, competing directly with the Royals Radio Network broadcast on KCSP). If affiliate stations on the teams' radio networks wish to carry coverage of postseason games they must use the national feed. Since the inaugural World Baseball Classic in March 2006, the semi-finals and the championship have also been broadcast as part of Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio. The network also broadcast the MLB at Field of Dreams game in 2021.
In addition to affiliate stations on AM/FM radio, ESPN Radio's game broadcasts are carried as part of Sirius XM Radio's MLB coverage (with Sunday night games also being simulcast on MLB Network Radio). However, they are not included in the subscription "Gameday Audio" package on MLB.com with the exception of the All-Star Game, for which no other radio play-by-play feed is available.
Since June 2011, the games can also be heard online at ESPN Radio.com and on mobile devices via the ESPN app and other applications such as TuneIn. They can also be heard on televisions using connected devices (such as video game consoles) via their respective iHeartRadio and TuneIn apps. Previously, rights restrictions prevented ESPN Radio.com from live-streaming the games. Despite MLB not enforcing blackouts for radio coverage, game coverage on the ESPN mobile app and TuneIn are restricted to listeners in the United States and that are located outside the markets of both teams involved in that broadcast, regardless if said teams are home or away.
Broadcasters
As of 2022, the primary ESPN Radio crew for Sunday Night Baseball consists of play-by-play announcer Jon Sciambi and color analyst Doug Glanville. In 2010, Sciambi succeeded Gary Thorne, who had called play-by-play in 2008–09; Thorne had succeeded Dan Shulman, did so from 2002 to 2007; Shulman, in turn, had been preceded by Charley Steiner from 1998 to 2002. Glanville succeeded Chris Singleton, who served as analyst from 2011-2021. Singleton, in turn, succeeded Dave Campbell, who was an analyst from 1999 to 2010. Campbell replaced Kevin Kennedy as analyst in 1999, after the latter had worked with Steiner in the network's inaugural season of coverage. Marc Kestecher currently serves as the network's primary Baseball Tonight studio host, with Jim Basquil or Kevin Winter substituting for him if Kestecher was unavailable due to scheduling conflicts (mainly with his NBA on ESPN Radio play-by-play duties); he was preceded by Joe D'Ambrosio from 1998 to 2007.
For other regular season games (especially Saturday games), different play-by-play announcers are often used with Glanville remaining as analyst. This is mainly due to Sciambi’s unavailability as he is also the play-by-play announcer for Chicago Cubs games televised on the Marquee Sports Network. Backup play-by-play announcers for MLB on ESPN Radio included John Schriffen, Karl Ravech and Roxy Bernstein among others.
Sciambi and Glanville also call the All-Star Game and Home Run Derby each year.
As of 2018, Dan Shulman called the World Series and one of the two League Championship Series with Singleton each year (Jessica Mendoza joined this crew in 2020, while Eduardo Pérez joined in 2021, in place of Singleton, who was co-hosting the pregame and postgame segments with Kevin Winter), while Sciambi calls the other LCS with Mendoza. Various other announcers work the network's secondary regular-season, Wild Card Game and Division Series broadcasts as needed. Starting in the 2023 season, Sciambi will also call the World Series and a League Championship Series, succeeding Shulman in those roles.
For the 2020 season, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Sciambi and Singleton called each game working remotely, rather than at the ballpark. For the 2020 postseason, they and all of ESPN Radio's announcers called the games from the ESPN studios in Bristol, Connecticut.
See also
ESPN Major League Baseball
Baseball Tonight
Sunday Night Baseball
Monday Night Baseball
Wednesday Night Baseball
ESPN Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio broadcasters
Major League Baseball Game of the Week
List of Major League Baseball All-Star Game broadcasters
List of American League Division Series broadcasters
List of National League Division Series broadcasters
List of American League Championship Series broadcasters
List of National League Championship Series broadcasters
List of World Series broadcasters
References
Press Release: ESPN RADIO AND MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL EXTEND AGREEMENT THROUGH 2010
Press Release: MLB Post-Season: Every Game on ESPN Radio
MLB, ESPN agree on record eight-year deal
External links
MLB on ESPN Radio
American sports radio programs
ESPN Radio programs
ESPN Radio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20League%20Baseball%20on%20ESPN%20Radio |
Fighting Clowns is a 1980 album by the Firesign Theatre. It is unique among Firesign Theatre albums because it is primarily made up of songs rather than the group's usual audio theater or sketch comedy pieces. Many of the songs on this album were recorded live in front of an audience while some of the songs and much of the linking material was recorded in the studio. Cover artwork was done by Phil Hartman.
Track listing
Side one
"The Bozos Song"
"The Four Gobs"
"The 8 Shoes"
"In The Hot Tub"
"Hey, Reagan"
Side two
"In The War Zone"
"Oh, Afghanistan"
"In The Alley"
"Violent Juvenile Freaks"
"In The Hot Tub Again"
"This Bus Won't Go To War"
Bonus tracks
"Jimmy Carter"
Performers
Phil Austin — Vocals and Rhythm Guitar
Peter Bergman — Vocals
David Ossman — Vocals
Philip Proctor — Vocals
Richard Parker — Keyboards
Jeff Baxter — Lead Guitar
Tim Emmons — Bass
Ed Roscetti — Drums
John Mitchell — Tenor & Baritone Sax
Dick Spencer — Alto Sax & Clarinet
Richard Cooper — Trumpet
Phil Hartman Album Cover Illustration
Release history
There have been numerous issues and re-issues of this album (and excerpts from this album) in a variety of formats including a one-sided picture disc.
LP - Rhino RNLP-018 - 1980
Cassette — Rhino RNC-018 - 1980
Picture Disc — Rhino RNPD-904 - 1980
CD Mobile Fidelity MFCD-748 - 1993
CD Firesign Theatre Records (distributed through Whirlwind Media) - 2001
CD Firesign Theatre Records / Lodestone Catalog 2006
Citations
Smith, Ronald L. The Goldmine Comedy Record Price Guide. Iola: Krause, 1996.
Carruthers, Sean. "Fighting Clowns > Overview." Allmusic. March 4, 2006 – 10:3hq7g4gttvoz.
Firesign Theatre. Fighting Clowns. Mobile Fidelity, 1993.
External links
The Firesign Theatre's Official Website
FIREZINE: Linques! (A Firesign Theatre FAQ)
1980 albums
The Firesign Theatre albums
Rhino Records albums
1980s comedy albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighting%20Clowns |
The Game is an Australian television show that aired in 2000 and 2001 on the Seven Network.
It was hosted by Dermott Brereton, who defected from the Nine Network to Seven amid much controversy. Following Seven's loss of the AFL coverage rights, Brereton moved back to Nine in 2002.
The Game was seen as a replacement to the failed Australian rules football show Live And Kicking (1998–99), but in terms of ratings it was even less successful and was axed.
References
Seven Network original programming
Australian rules football television series
2000 Australian television series debuts
2001 Australian television series endings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Game%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29 |
The ANZAC "A" badge is a brass insignia authorised in November 1917 for members of the First Australian Imperial Force who had served as a member of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZACs) during the Gallipoli campaign in 1915. In 1918, eligibility was extended to those who had served at Lemnos, Imbros and Tenedos and the transports and hospitals off Gallipoli as well as the communications line to Egypt.
History
The origins of the award are uncertain with John Monash, William Birdwood and John Gellibrand all being credited with the idea in various accounts. The most likely version is that the award was a result of several ideas proposed in early 1916 to commemorate the Anzacs. When Monash led his brigade in commemorating the first Anzac Day, men who had served at Gallipoli wore a blue ribbon on their right breast and those who had gone ashore as part of the first landing wore a red ribbon as well. Birdwood advised in August 1916 that he supported Australian veterans of the ANZAC campaign wearing an "A" badge on their colour patches.
The 1st and 2nd Divisions supported the idea enthuastically. The 3rd and 4th, both of which had fewer ANZAC veterans in their ranks, were less enthusiastic in their adoption of the badge. However, Monash, as commander of the 3rd Division, was able to claim by November 1916 that "'All who have a right to be called "Anzacs" among us are now wearing a metal "A" on the colour patches on the sleeves".
In early 1917, convalescent soldiers returned to Australia wearing the badge and its status was initially questioned. This led to its formal approval through AIF Order 937 issued in November 1917. Subsequent orders clarified the entitlement to the badge and made it compulsory. In January 1918, the order extended eligibility to people who had served behind the lines on the Greek islands of Lemnos, Imbros and Tenedos, on the communication lines and hospital ships offshore or on the islands or in the communications to Egypt. This included nurses who served in the hospital ships meaning that women as well as men received acknowledgement as ANZACS.
There was initial resentment of the badges by soldiers who had fought in France at the Battle of Pozières and the Battle of Mouquet Farm in 1916 who thought that their contribution had been equal to the Anzacs.
ANZAC rosettes were also worn by men who had joined in 1914 and came home on ANZAC leave to show that they had not been shirking their duty.
References
Australian Encyclopedia (1996), Volume 1, page 1.
External links
Anzacs.org "A is for Anzac"
Anzac Day org
Australian War Memorial ANZAC badge article
Australian military insignia
Australian campaign medals
Badges
ANZAC (Australia)
Military awards and decorations of World War I
Australia in World War I | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZAC%20A%20badge |
The Buloh Kasap Bridge () is a historical bridge in Malaysia, made famous during World War II. It is located on Federal Route 1 in the town of Buloh Kasap, Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia. The bridge is built across the Muar River (Sungai Muar) which flows pass Buloh Kasap.
The old Buloh Kasap bridge was built by the Johor Government and built by the Federal Malay States Public Works Department during the construction of Federal Route 1 This bridge was first built in 1926 and completed in 1930. In 1938 , the bridge was inaugurated by the Sultan of Johore in conjunction with the completion of the Federal Route 1 from Bukit Kayu Hitam to Johor Bahru. However, the Allied soldiers demolished a part of the bridge during World War II to stop the advance of Japanese soldiers from moving forward to Singapore. After the war ended, the bridge was repaired. During the floods in 1964, the wooden bridge was badly damaged and temporarily replaced with a bailey bridge while a new bridge was being constructed next to it. In a short span the new bridge was ready to be used and the old bridge was left in a state of disrepair and till today it exists as a historical sight.
When the stretch of Federal Route 1 was upgraded from Gemas to Ayer Hitam recently, the bridge was upgraded to a single-lane dual carriageway bridge to fulfil the latest standards of Malaysian federal roads.
See also
Transport in Malaysia
Bridges in Johor
Segamat District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buloh%20Kasap%20Bridge |
The Fred Page Cup is a championship ice hockey trophy, won by a tournament conducted by the Canadian Junior Hockey League. The award is given to the winner of a round-robin and playoff between the Bogart Cup champions of the Central Canada Hockey League, the Kent Cup champions of the Maritime Junior Hockey League, La Coupe NAPA Champions of the Quebec Junior Hockey League, and a pre-determined host team. The winner of the Fred Page Cup moves on to the Centennial Cup, the national Junior A championship. The trophy was donated by the then-called Quebec Provincial Junior Hockey League in 1994–95.
History
The first Fred Page Cup was awarded in 1995. The trophy was donated by the Quebec Provincial Junior A Hockey League to create an Eastern Canadian Championship in honour of past Canadian Amateur Hockey Association President Fred Page. The 1995 Championship marked the first time teams outside of the maritime provinces were allowed to compete for the Eastern Canadian Championship for a berth to the National Championship. Now allowed are the maritime champions, the Quebec champions, and the Ottawa District champions of the Central Canada Hockey League. Prior to 1995, the Callaghan Cup was the championship trophy of Eastern Canada to be played for by a representative of the maritime provinces. Early championships were dominated by the Island Junior Hockey League. In the early 1990s, the top teams of the IJHL jumped to the Maritime Junior A Hockey League.
The Ottawa Jr. Senators were awarded the 2003 Fred Page Cup in the fall of 2001, but over the summer of 2002, the tournament was awarded the Cornwall Colts instead. This was mostly due to the size of the Jr. Senators arena and the conflict with other groups, therefore the event couldn't be attainable. The Nepean Raiders surprisingly never bid for the tournament, despite reaching the league finals eight times between 2003 and 2013. The event could not be supported with a low fan-base and reaching an agreement with the city. The 2006 Fred Page Cup was then awarded to Pembroke, Ontario and the Pembroke Lumber Kings.
To date, the Central Canada Hockey League has won the Fred Page Cup seven times, winning the Royal Bank Cup finals once, (Pembroke Lumber Kings) since its inception in 1996. The Quebec Junior Hockey League has won the Fred Page Cup only three times, and no team from Quebec have qualified for the Royal Bank Cup finals. The Maritime Junior A Hockey League is the only league to win the Fred Page Cup and have teams win the Royal Bank Cup, as the Summerside Capitals won in 1997 and the Halifax Oland Exports won in 2002.
The 2010 Fred Page Cup was awarded to the Brockville Braves, who also hosted the tournament in 1997. Brockville won the 2010 Fred Page Cup by defeating the Pembroke Lumber Kings 5–1. The Braves are the second host team since the 1998–99 Charlottetown Abbies, who defeated the CCHL's Hawkesbury Hawks 2–0 at the Charlottetown Civic Centre. The Pembroke Lumber Kings are the only team to compete in six consecutive Fred Page Cup tournaments from 2006 to 2011, winning the tournament twice in 2007 and 2011, and losing the finals in 2006 and 2008.
In 2009, the traditional circulation was broken, when Dieppe, New Brunswick, and the Dieppe Commandos were awarded the tournament instead of a team from the Central Canada Hockey League. Maritime Hockey League champions Summerside Western Capitals elected to play their Fred Page Cup games in Summerside, Prince Edward Island, but this idea was quickly nixed because of a disagreement from the Quebec Junior Hockey League champion Sherbrooke Cougars.
The Kanata Stallions were chosen to host the 2012 Fred Page Cup, despite the team's poor performances since re-branding from the Kanata Valley Lasers in 2002. The Stallions managed to qualify for the semi-finals and avoided elimination with an over-time win over their crosstown rivals Nepean Raiders. The Kanata Stallions finished in third place in the tournament.
The Carleton Place Canadians became the first team to win back-to-back Fred Page Cup championships during the tournament's inception in 1996. They continued their streak with three straight wins from 2014 to 2016.
The 2018 tournament was awarded to Ottawa, which made it the second time the tournament was played in the Ottawa area. Pembroke placed a bid, but was passed over in favor of Ottawa. Smiths Falls placed a bid, but withdrew.
Champions
Notes
References
External links
Fred Page Cup Website
CCHL Website
LHJAAAQ Website
MHL Website
CJHL Website
Canadian Junior Hockey League trophies and awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Page%20Cup |
Sri Lankan Chetties (, ) also known as Colombo Chetties, is an elite, royal and a high class ethnicity in the island of Sri Lanka. This Before 2001, they were known as the Sri Lankan Tamil ( ශ්රී ලංකා දෙමළ) caste, but then after 2001, they were classified as a separate ethnic group in the 2001 census. Now they are known as the Colombo Chetties as a whole. They are an elite class of people who are said to have migrated from India under Portuguese rule but now they are considered as one of the most elite, richest and high classed ethnicities in Sri Lanka and in Colombo. Apart from their titled race, these people showcase no difference from the Sinhala people in Sri Lanka and in the present and nowadays, most chetties grow in Sinhala backgrounds and are basically Sinhala apart from their written identity. "Hetti] is another term used in this context where the term Hetti refers to the present generation of chetties who doesn't have any relation to India but are solely from Sri Lanka.
Etymology
The word is thought to have been derived from the Tamil word Etti, an honorific title bestowed on the leading and noble people.
History
They settled mostly in western Sri Lanka, especially in the ports of Colombo from the 16th century to mid 17th century, during the rule of the Portuguese and Dutch. The Chetties of Western Sri Lanka converted to various forms of Christianity during the colonial era: Roman Catholicism under Portuguese rule, as well as to Anglicanism and Reformed Christianity under British rule and Dutch rule, respectively. Marriages between Sinhalese ( Sinhala people) and Chetties are very common and therefore, many also got Sinhalised. However, the Colombo Chetties showcases no differences from the Sinhalese people in Sri lanka apart from their origins.
Representatives of the Colombo Chetty Association stressed out their distinctiveness, appealing for forming a separate ethnic group. The Chetties were notably also from 1814 to 1817 listed as a separate ethnic group.
As an elite, prosperous and a noble group, they no longer strictly marry amongst themselves. In addition, migration to Australia, England, United States of America and Canada has tended to dilute their numbers.
See also
Tyron D. S. Silvapulle PWV, RWP. RWP
Simon Casie Chetty
Bharatakula
Nagarathar
Malacca Chitty
Jeyaraj Fernandopulle
References
Sources
Casiechitty S, The Castes, Customs, Manners and Literature of the Tamils. Colombo: Ceylon Printers, 1934.
Pulle Tissera Shirley - History of The Colombo Chetties - 2000
Thurston E, Castes and Tribes of Southern India
Notes
External links
Dutch Burgher/Sri Lankan Chetty Combined Genealogy list
Sri Lankan Hydridity
Ondaatje Family history
Chetties
Chetties
Chetties
Sri Lankan Tamil castes
Sri Lankan people of Indian descent
Indians in Sri Lanka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Lankan%20Chetties |
Kuala Krai Bridge or Sultan Ismail Suspension Bridge is a historical bridge built by the British in the 1920s. It is located on Federal Route 8 near Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia.
See also
Transport in Malaysia
References
Bridges in Kelantan
Bridges completed in the 20th century
Kuala Krai District
20th-century architecture in Malaysia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala%20Krai%20Bridge |
Miz or the Miz may refer to:
Miz (singer) (Mizuki Watanabe, born 1981), Japanese singer and actress
The Miz, ring name of Mike Mizanin (born 1980), an American professional wrestler
The Miz, nickname of Steve Mizerak (1944–2006), an American professional pool player
Ms., usually pronounced ("Miz"), an English-language honorific for women regardless of marital status
Miz Cracker (born 1984), American drag queen
See also
MS (disambiguation)
Mrs. (disambiguation)
Miss (disambiguation)
MIS (disambiguation)
Mistress (disambiguation)
Missus (disambiguation)
Les Misérables (musical), colloquially known as Les Miz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miz |
Secrets and Lies may refer to:
Film and television
Secrets & Lies (film), a 1996 film directed by Mike Leigh
Secrets & Lies (Australian TV series), a 2014 Australian television series
Secrets and Lies (American TV series), a 2015 American television series, based on the Australian series
Secrets and Lies (South Korean TV series), a 2018 South Korean television series
"Secrets and Lies" (30 Rock), a 2007 episode of 30 Rock
"Secrets and Lies", a 2007 Desperate Housewives special recapping previous episodes
"Secrets and Lies", a 2007 episode of The Best Years
"Secrets & Lies", an episode from the first season of Degrassi: The Next Generation
"Secrets and Lies", a 2002 episode of ER
"Tigh Me Up, Tigh Me Down", originally titled "Secrets and Lies", a 2004 episode of the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica
an Instinct episode
"Secrets & Lies", Episode 58 in H2O: Just Add Water
Books
Secrets and Lies (book), a 1999 book by Nicky Hager
Secrets and Lies, a 2005 book by David Southwell
Secrets and Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World, a book by Bruce Schneier
Music
Secret & Lies, a 2003 EP by U-ka Saegusa in dB
Secrets and Lies (album), a 2009 album by Bertie Blackman
Secrets & Lies (album), a 2020 album by Jakko Jakszyk | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secrets%20and%20Lies |
Anderson High School can refer to any of the following.
Malaysia
Anderson National Secondary School, Ipoh, Perak
In the United Kingdom
Anderson High School, Lerwick
In the United States
Anderson Union High School, Anderson, California
Boyd H. Anderson High School, Lauderdale Lakes, Florida
Douglas Anderson School of the Arts, Jacksonville, Florida
Anderson High School (Indiana), Anderson, Indiana
Anderson County High School (Kansas), Garnett, Kansas
Anderson County High School (Kentucky), Lawrenceburg, Kentucky
Southgate Anderson High School, Southgate, Michigan
Anderson High School (Ohio), Cincinnati, Ohio
David Anderson High School, Lisbon, Ohio
Anderson County High School (Tennessee), Clinton, Tennessee
Anderson High School (Texas), Austin, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20High%20School |
Anderson High School is a public high school in the Forest Hills Local School District in Hamilton County, Ohio.
History
Established in 1929, Anderson High School is a high school in the Greater Cincinnati area. Anderson was a Blue Ribbon School from 1994 - 1996 as awarded by the United States Department of Education
When founded, the school mascot was a comet, but the mascot was changed to Redskins prior to the 1936-37 school year.
In 2017, renovations began on the aging Anderson High School building. Construction is said to be done by the end of 2019.
Mascot
In July 2020, the board of the Forest Hills School District voted 4-1 to retire the Redskins as Anderson High's mascot. The new mascot, Raptors was announced in March, 2021.
Vicki Lewis Actress
Notable alumni
Thom Brennaman, sportscaster
Benjamin Cornwell, noted sociologist at Cornell University
Richard Dotson, former MLB pitcher
Jensen Lewis, former MLB pitcher
Greg Mancz, NFL offensive lineman for the Houston Texans
Andrew Norwell, NFL offensive lineman for the Washington Commanders]
Dave Wilson, Olympic swimmer
Athletics
Anderson High School is a member of the OHSAA and participates in the Eastern Cincinnati Conference.
References
External links
Forest Hills Local School District Website
High schools in Hamilton County, Ohio
Educational institutions established in 1929
Sports in Cincinnati
Public high schools in Ohio
1929 establishments in Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20High%20School%20%28Ohio%29 |
Mizrock is Miz's second Japanese album and contains the a-sides and b-sides to the last three singles before it: In The Sky, Backseat Baby, and Bittersweet. This album revolves more around rock (hence the name Mizrock) and jerkier tunes. The English version of New Day (bonus track on the limited edition) is the same as the one in Dreams. The English version of the track In The Sky, previously known as Amazing, was used in the Square-Enix game Grandia III.
Track listing
"Bittersweet"
"Eyes Don't Lie"
"In The Sky"
"Backseat Baby"
"An Ordinary Day"
"What Difference"
"Dreamer"
"Give It All Away"
"In The Rain"
"Yesterday"
"Part Of My Balance"
"Welcome To Our Party"
"In My Life"
Bonus tracks
"New Day" - English Version
"In The Sky" - English Version
Limited Edition DVD
Backseat Baby (music clip)
Bittersweet" (music clip)
Bittersweet making of
Bittersweet + Mizrock photo session
2006 albums
Victor Entertainment albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizrock |
Bharatha People (, ) also known as Bharatakula and Paravar, is an ethnicity in the island of Sri Lanka. Earlier considered a caste of the Sri Lankan Tamils, they got classified as separate ethnic group in the 2001 census. They are descendant of Tamil speaking Paravar of Southern India who migrated to Sri Lanka under Portuguese rule. They live mainly on the western coast of Sri Lanka and mainly found in the cities of Mannar, Negombo and Colombo.
Etymology
Scholars derive Bharatha, also pronounced as Parathar, from the Tamil root word para meaning "expanse" or "sea". The word has been documented in ancient Sangam literature, describing them as maritime people of the Neithal Sangam landscape. Colonial archives refer them as Paruwa, a corrupted form of "Paravar".
According to other scholars is Bharatha a name the community took from the Hindu epic Mahabharata, the clan of Bhāratas, who were the ancestor of the heroes in the epic, following their origin myth from Ayodhya.
History
They were traditionally occupied in seatrade, pearl diving and fishing. They included the chiefs of the coastal regions, who ruled there as subordinates of the Pandyan kings. The Muslims of Kayalpatnam obtained a lease on pearl fishery by Marthanda Varma. The Bharatas aligned with the Portuguese and overthrew the overlordship by the Muslims and for return were over 20,000 Bharathas converted to Roman Catholicism by the saint Francis Xavier.
Several hundreds of Christian converted Bharathas were brought from Indian mainland to the western shores of Sri Lanka by the Portuguese to wrest control on the pearl trade. Cankili I, king of Jaffna Kingdom, ordered the death of 600 Christian Bharathas who were settled in the Mannar District.
Paravar are to be found all over Sri Lanka. Amongst Sri Lankan Tamils Paravar are still a fishing and trading caste although commonly confused with the Karaiyar. The Bharatas or Bharatakula identity is maintained by a relatively prosperous merchant group from India that settled amongst the Sinhalese in the Negombo area.
Assimilation
Along with Colombo Chetty and other relatively recent merchant groups from South India, there is rapid Sinhalisation or assimilation with the Sinhalese majority. But unlike the Colombo Chettys many still speak Tamil at home and even have marital relationships in India.
According to recent Sri Lankan census categories in July 2001, Bharatakula has been moved out of Sri Lankan Tamil category to simply as a separate ethnic group Bharatha.
Areas of inhabitation
They are primarily found in capital Colombo and in towns north of it, namely Negombo in the Western Province.
Names
Common last names adopted by Bharatkulas include Matchado, Perez, Corera's,Coonghe, Cruz, de Cruz, Fernando, Ferdinandes, Paiva, Miranda, Motha, Corera, Costa, Rayan, Rayen, Rodrigo, Leon, Vaz, Gomez, Victoria, Kagoo, Carvalho, Almeida and Rubeiro. Fernando is one of the most common last names.
See also
Pauravas
Dasarajna
Colombo Chettys
Negombo Tamils
Karave
Notes
The Census Department's contribution to Sri Lanka's political arithmetic
Bharathas and Mukkuvas in India
References
Sri Lankan Tamil castes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatha%20people |
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