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Sławoszyno is a no longer operational PKP railway station in Sławoszyno (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Sławoszyno article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 5 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82awoszyno%20railway%20station |
Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Centre (JACDEC) is a company providing commercial aviation safety analysis.
The company promotes the ‘JACDEC Safety Index’, a rating system developed from the company's proprietary database. The JACDEC Centre also monitors current safety occurrences and provides updates on airline safety issues on several social networks.
The ratings take into account the number and deadliness of the hull losses (destroyed airplanes) they have suffered in the past 30 years, how they have fared more recently, and how many flights they have flown without incident. These results do not take into account the cause of the hull losses or whether the airline is at fault, so they are not a perfect measure of how safely an airline operates.
The JACDEC Airline Safety Ranking
Since 2002 JACDEC has published an annual ranking of the "Safest 60 Airlines". The index rating, JACDEC distinguishes whether an event is a total loss or a serious incident: Both will be recorded in the JACDEC Database, but in the final weighting a total loss counts considerably more. The term "total loss" means that any repair costs of accident damage exceed the residual value of the aircraft or the aircraft was destroyed. JACDEC includes only flights where paying passengers were on board. Therefore, all freight– ferry, training, or maintenance flights– are disregarded.
JACDEC considers the operational environment as one important factor for an airline's safety performance.
JACDEC concludes "There is a direct correlation between the safety of an airline and the competence and transparency of the controlling authorities."
Therefore, the results of the so-called USOAP (Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme).
In particular it is investigated how a country is able to meet and maintain defined standards of aviation safety. USOAP Website
The results of this investigation are published and can be viewed by everyone.
Furthermore, JACDEC takes into account what level of transparency a governing authority has.
Controversies
JACDEC's methodology has been criticized within the airline evaluation industry as unreliable and not transparent.
The inaccuracy of the company's indexing has been debited after a list was issued for the German Newspaper Bild's website after the crash of Air France Flight 447, displaying the safety index of the world's 60 biggest airlines. The list which was possibly wrongly computed unfairly included Turkish Airlines as the list's 60th, and least safe airline, which is indeed a Star Alliance member. The starting year for the list was precisely chosen as 1973, some 36 years back. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashed in 1974 at a time when most of the airlines that were listed did not even exist, such as JetBlue Airways which was founded in 1999, and other regional companies with less flight frequency.
References
External links
JACDEC - current JACDEC Safety Indices
Aviation statistics
Aviation safety organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JACDEC |
Brian Alexander Robertson (born 12 September 1956) is a Scottish musician, composer and songwriter. He had a string of hits in the late 1970s and early 1980s characterised by catchy pop tunes and jaunty humorous lyrics, including "Kool in the Kaftan, Knocked It Off", "To Be or Not to Be" and "Bang Bang", a tongue-in-cheek commentary on famous historical and fictional couples. He wrote with Mike Rutherford of Genesis the Grammy-nominated and Ivor Novello Award-winning "The Living Years". It was a number one hit in the US, Canada, Australia and Ireland and reached number 2 in his native UK. He has also written music for films and been a television presenter.
Early life
Born in Glasgow, Robertson was educated at the former Allan Glen's School, Glasgow, and the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama.
Career
He released his debut album Wringing Applause, recorded with Terry Manning, on the Ardent Records label (also home of Big Star) in 1973, but it was to be a further six years until he found success in the United Kingdom chart.
Robertson had hits between 1979 and 1981 in the UK Singles Chart, the first of which – "Bang Bang" – reached number 2 in August 1979. Follow-up singles "Knocked It Off", "Kool in the Kaftan" and "To Be or Not to Be" reached chart positions 8, 17 and 9 respectively. All the singles came from his third album Initial Success, which reached number 32 in the UK Albums Chart. In 1981 he had his last top 40 hit under his own name (to date) performing a duet with Maggie Bell, of a cover version of "Hold Me" which reached number 11.
He co-wrote the hit songs "Carrie" and "Wired for Sound" for Cliff Richard and seven of the 12 songs on Richard's Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile (1979) album. Robertson wrote and sang the theme music to the television series Maggie and Multi-Coloured Swap Shop ("Hello, Hello"), and wrote and sang backing vocals for the Swap Shop spin-off group Brown Sauce's UK top 20 hit, "I Wanna Be a Winner". In 1982, Robertson composed "Down at the Superstore", the theme to the BBC1 children's television series Saturday Superstore. It was released as a single by The Assistants, a supergroup featuring Robertson, Dave Edmunds, Cheryl Baker, Junior and Suzi Quatro.
Robertson was a guest presenter on Top of the Pops on 28 August 1980, alongside then-BBC Radio 1 DJ Peter Powell. In October 1980, Robertson appeared as a guest on the BBC Television chat show Friday Night, Saturday Morning. In the sixth and final series of the same show, Robertson appeared on one programme (January 1982) as the show's host. In February 1981 Robertson appeared playing live in concert on the BBC joint television and radio programme Rock Goes to College. He appeared at the then Preston Polytechnic, Lancashire. He also appeared as one of the Entertainers in the movie The Monster Club starring Vincent Price, John Carradine, and Donald Pleasence.
Robertson presented a two-part documentary, Jock 'n' Roll Parts I & II charting the history of pop music in Scotland and also presented a short-lived television programme, B. A. in Music, which featured contributions from musician guests. The show made Channel 4's 2000 list 100 Greatest TV Moments from Hell after Robertson's guest Bow Wow Wow singer Annabella Lwin took exception to his comments about her, calling Robertson an 'old hippie' and the programme a 'pretty shit show' before walking out in disgust.
Robertson wrote "We Have a Dream" for the 1982 World Cup Scotland squad, and played the lead in the film Living Apart Together, directed by Charlie Gormley. In 1983 Robertson, along with co-songwriters Terry Britten and Sue Shifrin, won a Razzie Award for the Worst 'Original' Song for "Pumpin' and Blowin'" as featured in the 1982 film The Pirate Movie.
Beginning in 1985, Robertson regularly wrote songs with Mike Rutherford for Rutherford's band Mike + The Mechanics. He contributed to all the albums released by the original configuration of the band, from Mike + The Mechanics to Rewired. Among the songs Robertson and Rutherford wrote together are the hits "Silent Running" and "The Living Years". The latter was written after Robertson's father died twelve weeks before the birth of his own son, and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1990.
In 1987, Robertson co-wrote several and produced two tracks on the Eddie and the Tide album Looking for Adventure. In 1991, Robertson was billed as the co-producer and executive musical producer for Simply Mad About the Mouse: A Musical Celebration of Imagination (), a 1991 direct-to-video release featuring top contemporary singers performing "classic Disney songs".
Robertson's stage name was often mentioned in the BBC Two satirical sketch comedy programme The Fast Show, during the recurring sketch "Chanel 9", a parody of Mediterranean TV channels. The joke was based on occasionally intelligible (to English speaking audiences) names appearing in foreign broadcast speech.
Robertson appeared on the Scottish segment of BBC's Children in Need telethon on 14 November 2008, performing a re-worked version of "We Have a Dream" alongside Edwyn Collins, The Gospel Truth Choir, the Tartan Army, and a host of Scottish celebrities. On 16 January 2010, he performed with a live band in Glasgow for the first time since 1981 as part of the Celtic Connections Festival. "A Scottish Songbook" featured a number of diverse artists performing songs written by Scots, and Robertson performed "Twisted" (written by Annie Ross and Wardell Gray) and his own "The Living Years" – backed by house band Session A9 and The Gospel Truth Choir. The event was filmed for subsequent broadcast by BBC Scotland.
A new version of "The Living Years" was released as a single in July 2020, under his own name. A newly released version of "Silent Running" by Robertson was issued on 22 July 2022, with all proceeds from the recording for the Mail Force-Ukraine Appeal.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Songs written for others
Excludes covers of songs originally sung by Robertson
Filmography
Film
Television
See also
List of songs that retell a work of literature
List of performers on Top of the Pops
List of performances on Top of the Pops
References
External links
Living people
Musicians from Glasgow
Scottish male songwriters
20th-century Scottish male singers
Scottish pop singers
Scottish keyboardists
People educated at Allan Glen's School
Asylum Records artists
1950s births
British male songwriters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BA%20Robertson |
Andrea Buvina (also known as Andrija Buvina, or Andrea Guvina, Gavina or Gruvina) was a 13th-century medieval Croatian sculptor and painter. His work is commonly associated with the Romanesque period.
Works
The wooden door for the Cathedral of St. Duje in Split, made by Andrija Buvina c. 1214, is the best-known work of Romanesque sculpture in Croatia. The two wings of the Buvina wooden door, which is 530 cm in height, contain 28 scenes from the life of Jesus Christ, starting with the Annunciation and ending with the Ascension, separated by the grape vine, acanthus and interlace ornaments, with small human and animal figures among the vine leaves. Buvina was also the author of a painting of Saint Christopher, probably a fresco painting in the peristyle of Diocletian's Palace in Split.
References
Croatian architects
Croatian sculptors
Romanesque artists
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Croatian painters
13th-century Croatian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija%20Buvina |
Krokowa is a no longer operational PKP railway station in Krokowa (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
Lines crossing the station
References
Krokowa article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 5 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krokowa%20railway%20station |
Fritz Stiedry (11 October 18838 August 1968) was an Austrian conductor and composer.
Biography
Fritz Stiedry was born in Vienna in 1883. While still a law student at the University of Vienna, Stiedry's talent for music was noticed by Gustav Mahler, who appointed him his assistant at the Vienna Court Opera in 1907. This was followed by other assistant posts, leading to chief conductorships at the operas of Kassel and Berlin. In 1932 he conducted the world premiere of Kurt Weill's opera Die Bürgschaft.
Stiedry left Germany when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and from 1934 to 1937 was principal conductor of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra. He was involved in rehearsals for the premiere of Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony until the premiere was canceled for reasons, in all probability political, that remain controversial. Some claim that Shostakovich felt Stiedry was unable to deal with the symphony's complexities, but others maintain that the real reason was that Communist Party officials pressured the composer to withdraw the work.
In 1937, Stiedry left Leningrad for the United States and the New Friends of Music Orchestra in New York, conducting long-neglected works by Bach, Haydn and Mozart and premiering Schoenberg's Second Chamber Symphony. From 1945 onwards he returned to opera, conducting the Lyric Opera of Chicago and the Metropolitan Opera of New York and co-founding the Hunter College Opera Workshop.
He died in Zürich, Switzerland in 1968, aged 84.
He recorded Haydn's symphonies nos. 67, 80, 99 and 102. His live recording from the Metropolitan Opera of Giuseppe Verdi's La forza del destino (omitting the Act I inn scene, as customary there in the 1950s under Rudolf Bing) has been transferred to CD.
Works
Der gerettete Alkibiades, opera
chamber music
Literature
Holmes, John L. Conductors on record, Victor Gollancz, 1982.
Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert. Vol. 3, S-Z. Ed. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Wien. K. G. Saur, 2002, , p. 1328.
Sadie, Stanley. The new Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Macmillan, 1980.
Lyman, Darryl. Great Jews in Music, J. D. Publishers, 1986.
Sadie, Stanley; Hitchcock, H. Wiley (Ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of American Music. Grove's Dictionaries of Music, 1986.
Myers, Kurtz. Index to record reviews 1984–1987, G.K. Hall, 1989.
Pâris, Alain. Dictionnaire des interpretes et de l'interpretation musicale au XX siecle, Robert Laffont, 1989.
External links
[ Article at allmusic.com]
Biography
References
1883 births
1968 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Austrian classical composers
Austrian male classical composers
Male conductors (music)
German expatriates in the Soviet Union
Austrian emigrants to Germany
Austrian Jews
Austrian refugees
Jewish classical musicians
Jewish musicians
Neoromantic composers
Austrian opera composers
Male opera composers
Musicians from Vienna
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
University of Vienna alumni
20th-century Austrian conductors (music)
20th-century Austrian male musicians
Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Stiedry |
Fuck Me Jesus is the first demo by Swedish metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at Gorysound Studios, and released in June 1991.
The musical style for this album was straightforward death metal influenced by black metal, but not as fast and intense as the band's later signature sound.
It was re-released by Osmose Productions on 21 April 1995 on CD and 7-inch vinyl limited to 700 hand-numbered copies, again on CD in 1999 with three bonus tracks, and again in 2006 on a 10-inch mLP limited to 500 copies.
Fuck Me Jesus was banned in seven countries following its CD release, due to its controversial title and explicit cover art.
"Departure from the Mortals", "The Black..." and "Within the Abyss" were re-recorded for the band's 1992 debut, Dark Endless.
Track listing
Musical style
In his book Swedish Death Metal, Daniel Ekeroth describes Fuck Me Jesus as "a very death metal–sounding recording with a heavy and fat sound. The song structures are basically death metal as well, combining heavy riffs with hammering two-beats. What makes a difference are some occasional grind parts, melodic guitars, and of course the hellish vocals of Andreas."
Personnel
Andreas Axelsson – vocals
Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
Rikard Kalm – bass
Joakim Göthberg – drums, vocals
Dan Swanö – mixing
References
1991 albums
Marduk (band) albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuck%20Me%20Jesus |
The Educational Computing Organization of Ontario (ECOO) is a non-profit group established in 1979 for the purpose of facilitating the integration of new computing technology into the educational curriculum.
ECOO conference
Each year ECOO hosts a conference in November. In 2008, the ECOO conference moved to the Sheraton Parkway North Hotel and Suites in Richmond Hill. In 2013, the conference moved to Niagara Falls. Bring IT Together was held October 23–25 at the Scotiabank Convention Centre.
A variety of educators and administrators attend this three-day conference. Presenters include industry professionals, instructional leaders and higher education as well as many school board teachers. Some representative teachers come from school boards such as the TDSB
Toronto District School Board, York Region District School Board YRDSB
York Region and the
Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board to name a few.
As an addition to each conference, ECOO publishes a Proceedings, summarizing the presentations and other activities during that year's conference.
Bylaw changes
According to the organization's main web site, proposed bylaw changes were voted on May, 2009. The 2008-09 Board of Directors had put together a series of bylaw changes designed to help ensure the ongoing health and flexibility of the organization. Attendees of the 2008 Conference were considered voting members and were invited to participate, either in person or by proxy.
Computer Programming Contests
ECOO organizes programming contests for Ontario secondary school students. The ECOO contests consist of three parts:
Boardwide Programming Contest
It is distributed by email to convenors of school boards. The school boards use this contest to select the teams that will represent them in the Regional Programming Contest. The maximum number of teams that the school boards can send depend on the size of the school boards.
Regional Programming Contest
It is held at several locations across Ontario. These contests are used to determine the teams that will represent their regions to participate in the Final Programming Contest.
Final Programming Contest
The top twenty teams meet at a location to compete in this contest to determine the top three teams for awards.
Publications
The organization publishes a magazine titled Output which is delivered to members. In 1994 the organization presented a report to the Ontario Royal Commission on Learning.
References
External links
Official website
ECOO Programming Contests Page
Educational organizations based in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational%20Computing%20Organization%20of%20Ontario |
Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis is a 2006 table tennis simulation video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. The game is a realistic simulation of the sport table tennis, with the main objective to make the opponent fail to hit the ball.
The game features various methods of serving and returning the ball, designed for players to beat their opponent. Players can compete against the game's artificial intelligence, while the game's multiplayer mode lets two players compete in matches, either through local multiplayer or online. Initially developed specifically for the Xbox 360 console, the development team took advantage of the hardware's graphical power, allowing the game to play at a faster pace than with previous hardware. The game was the first to be developed using Rockstar's proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine. The game was released for the Xbox 360 in May 2006 and was released for the Wii in October 2007.
Its announcement in March 2006 led to confusion and surprise, due to its significantly different style from Rockstar's previous projects. It received generally positive reviews upon release, with praise particularly directed at its simplicity, replayability and detailed visuals.
Gameplay
Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis is a realistic simulation of the sport of table tennis. In the game, two players hit a ball back and forth from one another. The goal of the game is to make the opponent fail to return the ball. Players have the ability to challenge a multiplayer partner, either offline or online, or can select to challenge the game's artificial intelligence. Players can select from a roster of eleven characters, which are unlocked as they progress through the game; each character has particular skills in different areas.
The game features two modes: Tournament, which involves players participating against a variety of players in different circuits; and Exhibition, which involves players challenging individual opponents in non-ranked matches. When preparing to serve the ball, players enter a stance. During this stance, players aim the ball, followed by selecting the amount of spin and power to place on the ball, as indicated by the spin meter.
Players can also place a level of spin on their ball, curving it in a different direction. After the opponent returns the ball, players have the ability to "charge" their shots. As the shots are charged, the Focus meter increases; when the meter fills, players enter the Full Focus state, in which their shots are faster and more accurate. Players can also perform soft shots and smashes, respectively decreasing and increasing the speed of the ball, and Focus Shots, high-powered returns that help players counter difficult shots.
The Wii port of the game offers three different control schemes: Standard, using the Wii Remote; Sharp Shooter, in which the player flicks the Nunchuk's analog stick instead of the Wii Remote to aim and hit the ball; and Control Freak, using the Nunchuk's analog stick to control the player's position.
Development
Preliminary work on Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis began in 2005, prior to the announcement of the Xbox 360, which the game was developed for. Rockstar San Diego, the core team behind the game, found that the hardware allowed them to develop games at a faster pace than with the previous hardware. Rockstar president Sam Houser felt that Rockstar San Diego was a suitable developer for the game due to their demonstration of skill in developing advanced engines, particularly early in a console generation, citing Midnight Club: Street Racing and Smuggler's Run (both 2000), which were launch games for the PlayStation 2. Houser also said that, though the game's physics were achievable on the old hardware, the team waited for the possibility to develop for the Xbox 360 due to the "different level of production and technology" that it allowed. In developing the game's concept, the team was fascinated with concentrating the entire power of a particular hardware into one activity. The game runs off the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE), and is the first game to do so.
Network programmer John Gierach found the development of the online multiplayer mode challenging, due to the level of realism the development team attempted to create. In addition, the speed and accuracy required for the game was also a challenge for the team, due to the fast pace of the matches. When discussing the possibility of porting the game to the Wii, the team agreed almost immediately, as they felt that the console was a "perfect fit" for the game. While developing the Wii version, the team particularly considered how to serve all types of players, thus allowing a range of different control schemes.
The game was first announced by Rockstar Games on March 3, 2006. Journalists noted the surprised reactions that the announcement caused within the gaming industry, which they owed to the game's significant difference when compared to Rockstar's reputation of developing mature titles. The game was released for the Xbox 360 on May 23, 2006 in North America, and on May 26, 2006 in the PAL region. On July 18, 2007, Rockstar announced that the game would be ported to the Wii, taking advantage of the motion sensing Wii Remote. The Wii version was released on October 17, 2007 in North America, and on October 19, 2007 in the PAL region. American table tennis player Wally Green, who performed motion capture for the game, helped promote its release in 2006; Rockstar later sponsored Green on his professional tour.
Reception
The Xbox 360 version of Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis received "generally favorable" reviews, while the Wii version received "average" reviews, according to review aggregator website Metacritic. Reviewers praised its gameplay, detailed visuals, and online multiplayer.
The technical aspects of the game, such as the graphics and animation, received acclaim. IGN Douglass C. Perry felt the graphics and motion capture are "exceptional", and the animation is "beautiful", as well as praising the stable frame rate. GameSpot Ryan Davis wrote the characters were designed with "phenomenal detail", though felt "there's not much else to look at". GamesRadar+ Dan Amrich commended the game's player models and lighting effects, stating they "put the hardware to impressive yet playful use". Tom Orry of VideoGamer.com felt the visuals improve the gameplay, particularly applauding smaller details such as the player models and ball physics.
Many reviewers found the gameplay simple yet effective. Perry of IGN found the gameplay "deep and addictive", and the controls intuitive. GamesRadar+ Amrich echoed similar remarks, writing the controls "feel accessible without alienating 'serious' sports gamers", and Orry of VideoGamer.com called the controls "slick". Eurogamer Tom Bramwell also praised the game's simplicity. The New York Timess Charles Herold enjoyed the simple control scheme but wrote he would rather play real table tennis.
The game's multiplayer mode was commended by many reviewers. GamesRadar+ Amrich felt the multiplayer mode extended the game's replayability, giving players a reason to return to the game "long after [they've] learned the weaknesses" of the playable characters. Orry of VideoGamer.com and Bramwell of Eurogamer both named the online multiplayer "excellent"; the former noted minor lag but wrote the "performance was generally very good".
When the game was ported to the Wii, the additional Wii Remote controls received positive reactions. IGN Mark Bozon felt they were an improvement over the original controls, calling it a "huge testament to Rockstar's design". Eurogamer Ellie Gibson found the altered controls work "perfectly", finding them intuitive and "easy to grasp". GameSpot Davis wrote that the controls "work pretty well", though he felt they fail to complement the gameplay. Conversely, Orry of VideoGamer.com felt the original controls "have more depth" than those on the Wii.
Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, the game won Best Sports Game from GameSpot, and received a nomination from IGN.
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
2006 video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Rockstar Advanced Game Engine games
Rockstar Games games
Table tennis video games
Video games developed in the United States
Wii games
Xbox 360 games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockstar%20Games%20Presents%20Table%20Tennis |
Viktor Kovačić (1874–1924) was a Croatian architect and is often called "the father of modern Croatian architecture".
Life
He was born in 1874 in Ločendol near Rogaška Slatina, present-day Slovenia. After graduating from the Crafts School in Graz in 1891, at the age of seventeen, he came to Zagreb where he was a trainee in local construction firms.
He studied architecture the Akademie der bildenden Künste in Vienna and opened a studio in Zagreb in 1899. He was co-founder of the Club of Croatian Architects in 1906. He worked at the Engineering College (Technical High School) in Zagreb from 1920, attaining a professorship in 1922. Viktor Kovačić died in Zagreb on October 21, 1924.
Work
The modern Croatian architecture appeared with Viktor Kovačić who was the first to speak against historicism and represented the idea that architecture must be individual and modern, but also practical and comfortable. From the thirties the works of “Zagreb school of Architecture" can stand alongside the best world architecture. They are especially interesting because of merging of two opposite directions in architecture of those days – functionalist and organic. His projects are marked with subtle purity of reduced elements of historicism, like in monumental Stock Exchange Palace (, today the Croatian National Bank headquarters) in Zagreb, 1924.
His most important works in Zagreb are: the Church of St Blaise (1910-1913); the Stock Exchange Building (1923 - 1927); the Villa Frangeš (1910 - 1911); the Frank House (1913 - 1914); the redevelopment of Jesuit Square (with Hugo Ehrlich); the Villa Frölich (1919 - 1920); and the Slaveks Palace (1920).
Slaveks Palace
Slaveks Palace is a residential house built in 1920 in Zagreb by Kovačić. House is located on Svačićev trg 13, Zagreb, Croatia. The house is registered as protected cultural asset by Republic of Croatia Ministry of Culture and media.
Awards
In 1925, a year after his death, he was posthumously awarded a Grand Prix in Arts and Crafts on the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes in Paris.
Legacy
After the World War II the Life Achievement Award for architects in Croatia was named "Viktor Kovačić".
Kovačić's atelier in 21 Masaryk Street is exhibited to the public under the auspice of Zagreb City Museum. As of 2021, it is temporarily closed due to the damage caused by the 2020 Zagreb earthquake.
See also
Stjepan Planić
Architecture of Croatia
References
Bibliography
Biography
Detalji:MUO-020606: Kuća Slaveks, Zagreb, Svačićev trg: fotografija
1874 births
1924 deaths
Architects from Zagreb
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
Academy of Fine Arts Vienna alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Kova%C4%8Di%C4%87 |
Thomas Hübner (born 9 April 1980), better known by his stage name Clueso (), is a German singer, rapper, songwriter, and producer. His first album, Text und Ton, was released in 2001. Since then, he has released seven more albums, of which the last three—Stadtrandlichter (2014), Neuanfang (2016) and Handgepäck I (2018)—reached number 1 of the German Top 100.
His music is notable for being a mix of hip hop, pop and electronic music, and sometimes reggae.
Career
Born in Erfurt, Clueso—named after Inspector Clouseau in The Pink Panther—started making music in 1995. In 1998, he got to know his future manager Andreas Welskop and gave up his hairdressing apprenticeship. His first vinyl, Clüsolo, was released on BMG Ufa the same year. In 1999, he moved to the 10vor10-Studios in Cologne with Welskop. A year later, he signed a label contract at Four Music and released Text und Ton in 2001. Around that time, he performed with Curfew at the MTV HipHop Open in Stuttgart and at Beats for Life in Cologne.
In 2002, Clueso moved back to Erfurt and recorded the Rowdy-Club-Tape 2002. One year later, he started producing his second album Gute Musik, which translates to "Good Music" (featuring Blumentopf, Steer M, Tilmann Jarmer, Delhia, Tim Neuhaus and Jürgen Kerth), which was finished by 2004. It does not contain any English tracks and concentrates on singing rather than rapping.
In 2005, Clueso represented Thuringia in the Bundesvision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Kein Bock zu gehen", placing seventh with 63 points. The same year, he was the partner of Start Ab, the "biggest non-commercial remix contest in Europe".
On 19 May 2006, his third album, Weit weg, was released. In conjunction with the STÜBAphilharmonie, a Thuringian orchestra, Clueso gave a concert in the Fritz-Club in Berlin on 3 February 2007, where he performed his songs together with the orchestra and his band in an arrangement for more than 70 instruments. This concert was also released on the DVD Clueso Live or Clueso – Weit weg – Live. In May and June 2007, Clueso was the opening act of Herbert Grönemeyer's 12-Tour and in the same year he was nominated by 1 live for the 1 live radio listener's award, the 1LIVE Krone, in the category "Best Live Act".
In September 2007, the single "Lala", a song, which was especially recorded for the movie Leroy, was released. On 14 February 2008, Clueso again represented Thuringia in Stefan Raab's Bundesvision Song Contest. With his song "Keinen Zentimeter", he came second, only one point behind the winner. On 30 May 2008, his fourth album So sehr dabei was released.
In December 2010 Clueso released a book Clueso. Von und über ("Clueso. Made By and About").
The fifth studio album An und für sich ("In and of itself") was released on 25 March 2011. The same year, Clueso collaborated with Udo Lindenberg performing the song "Cello" on the album MTV Unplugged – Live im Hotel Atlantic. The song was also released as a single and reached number 4 in the German charts.
After having released number 1 album Stadtrandlichter in 2014, Clueso parted ways with his long-standing band and management team. He wrote his following album about this period of separation and fittingly named it Neuanfang"("New Beginning"). The album reached number 1 of the German charts.
After the release of Neuanfang, he started working on a new album called Handgepäck I ("Hand Luggage I"), a collection of acoustic songs that he has written and collected over the last seven years during several trips and journeys around the world.
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Singles
2000: The Disk feat. Metaphysics
2000: Spiel da nich mit ("Don't play along with it")
2001: Sag mir wo ("Tell me where")
2003: Extended Player EP
2004: Wart' mal ("Wait a second")
2005: Kein Bock zu geh'n (#65 German Top 100) ("Don't wanna go")
2005: Pizzaschachteln ("Pizza boxes")
2005: Komm schlaf bei mir ("Clueso Singt Rio Reiser") ("Come, sleep here with me")
2006: Chicago (#60 German Top 100)
2006: Out of Space
2007: Chicago (Live)
2007: Lala (for the movie Leroy)
2008: Keinen Zentimeter (#15 German Top 100) ("Not an inch")
2008: Mitnehm''' (#79 German Top 100) ("Take along")
2008: Niemand an dich denkt (#83 German Top 100) ("Nobody's thinking about you")
2009: Gewinner (#21 German Top 100) ("Winner")
2011: Zu schnell vorbei (#38 German Top 100) ("Too Quickly Gone")
2011: Du bleibst ("You stay")
2011: Beinah ("Almost")
2011: Cello Udo Lindenberg feat. Clueso (#4 German Top 100)
2014: Stadtrandlichter ("Lights of the Outskirts")
2014: Freidrehen ("Freely revolving") (#20 German Top 100)
2016: Neuanfang ("New Beginning") (#48 German Top 100)
2017: Wenn du liebst Clueso feat. Kat Frankie ("If you love")
2017: Achterbahn ("Rollercoaster")
2018: Du und ich ("You and Me")
2018: Vier Jahreszeiten an einem Tag ("Four Seasons in One Day" – Crowded House Cover)
2018: Wie versprochen ("As promised")
2020: Sag mir was du willst (Tell me what you want)
2020: Tanzen (Dance)
2020: Flugmodus (Flight mode)
2020: Aber ohne dich (But without you)
2020: Du warst immer dabei (You were always there)
2021: Leider Berlin (Unfortunately Berlin)
2021: Willkommen Zurück Clueso feat. Andreas Bourani (Welcome Back)
2021: 37 Grad im Paradies'' (37 Degrees in Paradise)
References
External links
Clueso.de
FourMusic Label
Clueso biography (in German)
1980 births
German record producers
Hip hop record producers
Living people
German rappers
Musicians from Erfurt
Participants in the Bundesvision Song Contest
German pop musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clueso |
The Caretaker is a drama in three acts by Harold Pinter. Although it was the sixth of his major works for stage and television, this psychological study of the confluence of power, allegiance, innocence, and corruption among two brothers and a tramp, became Pinter's first significant commercial success. It premiered at the Arts Theatre Club in London's West End on 27 April 1960 and transferred to the Duchess Theatre the following month, where it ran for 444 performances before departing London for Broadway. In 1963, a film version of the play based on Pinter's unpublished screenplay was directed by Clive Donner. The movie starred Alan Bates as Mick and Donald Pleasence as Davies in their original stage roles, while Robert Shaw replaced Peter Woodthorpe as Aston. First published by both Encore Publishing and Eyre Methuen in 1960, The Caretaker remains one of Pinter's most celebrated and oft-performed plays.
Plot summary
Act I
A night in winter
[Scene 1]
Aston has invited Davies, a homeless man, into his flat after rescuing him from a bar fight (7–9). Davies comments on the flat and criticises the fact that it is cluttered and badly kept. Aston attempts to find a pair of shoes for Davies but Davies rejects all the offers. Once he turns down a pair that doesn't fit well enough and another that has the wrong colour laces. Early on, Davies reveals to Aston that his real name is not "Bernard Jenkins", his "assumed name", but really "Mac Davies" (19–20, 25). He claims that his papers validating this fact are in Sidcup and that he must and will return there to retrieve them just as soon as he has a good pair of shoes. Aston and Davies discuss where he will sleep and the problem of the "bucket" attached to the ceiling to catch dripping rain water from the leaky roof (20–21) and Davies "gets into bed" while "ASTON sits, poking his [electrical] plug (21).
[Scene 2]
The LIGHTS FADE OUT. Darkness.
LIGHTS UP. Morning. (21)
As Aston dresses for the day, Davies awakes with a start, and Aston informs Davies that he was kept up all night by Davies muttering in his sleep. Davies denies that he made any noise and blames the racket on the neighbours, revealing his fear of foreigners: "I tell you what, maybe it were them Blacks" (23). Aston informs Davies that he is going out, but invites him to stay if he likes, indicating that he trusts him (23–24), something unexpected by Davies; for, as soon as Aston does leave the room (27), Davies begins rummaging through Aston's "stuff" (27–28) but he is interrupted when Mick, Aston’s brother, unexpectedly arrives, "moves upstage, silently", "slides across the room" and then suddenly "seizes Davies' "arm and forces it up his back", in response to which "DAVIES screams", and they engage in a minutely choreographed struggle, which Mick wins (28–29), ending Act One with the "Curtain" line, "What's the game?" (29).
Act II
[Scene 1]
A few seconds later
Mick demands to know Davies' name, which the latter gives as "Jenkins" (30), interrogates him about how well he slept the night before (30), wonders whether or not Davies is actually "a foreigner"—to which Davies retorts that he "was" indeed (in Mick's phrase) "Born and bred in the British Isles" (33)—going on to accuse Davies of being "an old robber […] an old skate" who is "stinking the place out" (35), and spinning a verbal web full of banking jargon designed to confuse Davies, while stating, hyperbolically, that his brother Aston is "a number one decorator" (36), either an outright lie or self-deceptive wishful thinking on his part. Just as Mick reaches the climactic line of his diatribe geared to put the old tramp off balance—"Who do you bank with?" (36), Aston enters with a "bag" ostensibly for Davies, and the brothers debate how to fix the leaking roof and Davies interrupts to inject the more practical question: "What do you do . . . when that bucket's full?" (37) and Aston simply says, "Empty it" (37). The three battle over the "bag" that Aston has brought Davies, one of the most comic and often-cited Beckettian routines in the play (38–39). After Mick leaves, and Davies recognises him to be "a real joker, that lad" (40), they discuss Mick's work in "the building trade" and Davies ultimately discloses that the bag they have fought over and that he was so determined to hold on to "ain't my bag" at all (41). Aston offers Davies the job of Caretaker, (42–43), leading to Davies' various assorted animadversions about the dangers that he faces for "going under an assumed name" and possibly being found out by anyone who might "ring the bell called Caretaker" (44).
[Scene 2]
THE LIGHTS FADE TO BLACKOUT.
THEN UP TO DIM LIGHT THROUGH THE WINDOW.
A door bangs.
Sound of a key in the door of the room.
DAVIES enters, closes the door, and tries the light switch, on, off, on, off.
It appears to Davies that "the damn light's gone now", but, it becomes clear that Mick has sneaked back into the room in the dark and removed the bulb; he starts up "the electrolux" and scares Davies almost witless before claiming "I was just doing some spring cleaning" and returning the bulb to its socket (45). After a discussion with Davies about the place being his "responsibility" and his ambitions to fix it up, Mick also offers Davies the job of "caretaker" (46–50), but pushes his luck with Mick when he observes negative things about Aston, like the idea that he "doesn't like work" or is "a bit of a funny bloke" for "Not liking work" (Davies' camouflage of what he really is referring to), leading Mick to observe that Davies is "getting hypocritical" and "too glib" (50), and they turn to the absurd details of "a small financial agreement" relating to Davies' possibly doing "a bit of caretaking" or "looking after the place" for Mick (51), and then back to the inevitable call for "references" and the perpetually necessary trip to Sidcup to get Davies' identity "papers" (51–52).
[Scene 3]
Morning
Davies wakes up and complains to Aston about how badly he slept. He blames various aspects of the flat's set up. Aston suggests adjustments but Davies proves to be callous and inflexible. Aston tells the story of how he was checked into a mental hospital and given electric shock therapy, but when he tried to escape from the hospital he was shocked while standing, leaving him with permanent brain damage; he ends by saying, "I've often thought of going back and trying to find the man who did that to me. But I want to do something first. I want to build that shed out in the garden" (54–57). Critics regard Aston's monologue, the longest of the play, as the "climax" of the plot. In dramaturgical terms, what follows is part of the plot's "falling action".
Act III
[Scene 1]
Two weeks later [… ]Afternoon.
Davies and Mick discuss the flat. Mick relates "(ruminatively)" in great detail what he would do to redecorate it (60). When asked who "would live there", Mick's response "My brother and me" leads Davies to complain about Aston's inability to be social and just about every other aspect of Aston's behaviour (61–63). Though initially invited to be a "caretaker", first by Aston and then by Mick, he begins to ingratiate himself with Mick, who acts as if he were an unwitting accomplice in Davies' eventual conspiracy to take over and fix up the flat without Aston's involvement (64) an outright betrayal of the brother who actually took him in and attempted to find his "belongings"; but just then Aston enters and gives Davies yet another pair of shoes which he grudgingly accepts, speaking of "going down to Sidcup" in order "to get" his "papers" again (65–66).
[Scene 2]
That night
Davies brings up his plan when talking to Aston, whom he insults by throwing back in his face the details of his treatment in the mental institution (66–67), leading Aston, in a vast understatement, to respond: "I . . . I think it's about time you found somewhere else. I don't think we're hitting it off" (68). When finally threatened by Davies pointing a knife at him, Aston tells Davies to leave: "Get your stuff" (69). Davies, outraged, claims that Mick will take his side and kick Aston out instead and leaves in a fury, concluding (mistakenly): "Now I know who I can trust" (69).
[Scene 3]
Later
Davies reenters with Mick explaining the fight that occurred earlier and complaining still more bitterly about Mick's brother, Aston (70–71). Eventually, Mick takes Aston's side, beginning with the observation "You get a bit out of your depth sometimes, don't you?" (71). Mick forces Davies to disclose that his "real name" is Davies and his "assumed name" is "Jenkins" and, after Davies calls Aston "nutty", Mick appears to take offence at what he terms Davies' "impertinent thing to say", concludes, "I'm compelled to pay you off for your caretaking work. Here's half a dollar", and stresses his need to turn back to his own "business" affairs (74). When Aston comes back into the apartment, the brothers face each other", "They look at each other. Both are smiling, faintly" (75). Using the excuse of having returned for his "pipe" (given to him earlier through the generosity of Aston), Davies turns to beg Aston to let him stay (75–77). But Aston rebuffs each of Davies' rationalisations of his past complaints (75–76). The play ends with a "Long silence" as Aston, who "remains still, his back to him [Davies], at the window, apparently unrelenting as he gazes at his garden and makes no response at all to Davies' futile plea, which is sprinkled with many dots (". . .") of elliptical hesitations (77–78).
Origins and contexts of the play
According to Pinter's biographer Michael Billington, the playwright frequently discussed details of The Caretakers origins in relation to images from his own life. Billington notes in his authorised biography that Pinter said he had written the play while he and his first wife Vivien Merchant were living in Chiswick:
According to Billington, Pinter described Mick as the most purely invented character of the three. For the tramp, Davies, however, he felt a certain kinship, writing "[The Pinters' life in Chiswick] was a very threadbare existence . . . very . . . I was totally out of work. So I was very close to this old derelict's world, in a way."(Harold Pinter 114–17).
For earlier critics, like Martin Esslin, The Caretaker suggests aspects of the Theatre of the Absurd, described by Esslin in his eponymous book coining that term first published in 1961; according to Esslin, absurdist drama by writers such as Samuel Beckett, Eugène Ionesco, Jean Genet, and Edward Albee, and others was prominent in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a reaction to chaos witnessed in World War II and the state of the world after the war.
Billington observes that "The idea that [Davies] can affirm his identity and recover his papers by journeying to Sidcup is perhaps the greatest delusion of all, although one with its source in reality"; as "Pinter's old Hackney friend Morris Wernick recalls, 'It is undoubtedly true that Harold, with a writer's ear, picked up words and phrases from each of us. He also picked up locales. The Sidcup in The Caretaker comes from the fact that the Royal Artillery HQ was there when I was a National Serviceman and its almost mythical quality as the fount of all permission and record was a source.' To English ears," Billington continues, "Sidcup has faintly comic overtones of suburban respectability. For Davies it is a Kentish Eldorado: the place that can solve all the problems about his unresolved identity and uncertain past, present and future" (122).
About directing a production of The Caretaker at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2003, David Jones observed:
Hickling writes in this review of a production directed by Mark Babych in March 2009:
Pinter's own comment on the source of three of his major plays is frequently quoted by critics:
Analysis of the characters
Aston
When he was younger he was given electric shock therapy that leaves him permanently brain damaged. His efforts to appease the ever-complaining Davies may be seen as an attempt to reach out to others. He desperately seeks a connection in the wrong place and with the wrong people. His main obstacle is his inability to communicate. He is misunderstood by his closest relative, his brother, and thus is completely isolated in his existence. His good-natured attitude makes him vulnerable to exploitation. His dialogue is sparse and often a direct response to something Mick or Davies has said. Aston has dreams of building a shed. The shed to him may represent all the things his life lacks: accomplishment and structure. The shed represents hope for the future.
Davies
Davies manufactures the story of his life, lying or sidestepping some details to avoid telling the whole truth about himself. A non-sequitur. He adjusts aspects of the story of his life according to the people he is trying to impress, influence, or manipulate. As Billington points out, "When Mick suggests that Davies might have been in the services — and even the colonies, Davies retorts: 'I was over there. I was one of the first over there.' He defines himself according to momentary imperatives and other people's suggestions" (122).
Mick
At times violent and ill-tempered, Mick is ambitious. He talks above Davies' ability to comprehend him. His increasing dissatisfaction with Davies leads to a rapprochement with his brother, Aston; though he appears to have distanced himself from Aston prior to the opening of the play, by the end, they exchange a few words and a faint smile. Early in the play, when he first encounters him, Mick attacks Davies, taking him for an intruder in his brother Aston's abode: an attic room of a run-down house which Mick looks after and in which he enables his brother to live. At first, he is aggressive toward Davies. Later, it may be that by suggesting that Davies could be "caretaker" of both his house and his brother, Mick is attempting to shift responsibility from himself onto Davies, who hardly seems a viable candidate for such tasks. The disparities between the loftiness of Mick's "dreams" and needs for immediate results and the mundane realities of Davies's neediness and shifty non-committal nature creates much of the absurdity of the play.
Style
The language and plot of The Caretaker blends Realism with the Theatre of the Absurd. In the Theatre of the Absurd language is used in a manner that heightens the audience's awareness of the language itself, often through repetition and circumventing dialogue.
The play has often been compared to Waiting for Godot, by Samuel Beckett, and other absurdist plays because of its apparent lack of plot and action.
The fluidity of the characters is explained by Ronald Knowles as follows: "Language, character, and being are here aspects of each other made manifest in speech and silence. Character is no longer the clearly perceived entity underlying clarity of articulation the objectification of a social and moral entelechy but something amorphous and contingent (41).
Language
One of the keys to understanding Pinter's language is not to rely on the words a character says but to look for the meaning behind the text. The Caretaker is filled with long rants and non-sequiturs, the language is either choppy dialogue full of interruptions or long speeches that are a vocalised train of thought. Although the text is presented in a casual way, there is always a message behind its simplicity. Pinter is often concerned with "communication itself, or rather the deliberate evasion of communication" (Knowles 43).
The play's staccato language and rhythms are musically balanced through strategically placed pauses. Pinter toys with silence, where it is used in the play and what emphasis it places on the words when they are at last spoken.
Mode of drama: Tragicomedy
The Caretaker is a drama of mixed modes; both tragic and comic, it is a tragicomedy. Elements of comedy appear in the monologues of Davies and Mick, and the characters' interactions at times even approach farce. For instance, the first scene of Act Two, which critics have compared to the hat and shoe sequences in Beckett's Waiting for Godot, is particularly farcical:
ASTON offers the bag to DAVIES.
MICK grabs it.
ASTON takes it.
MICK grabs it.
DAVIES reaches for it.
ASTON takes it.
MICK reaches for it.
ASTON gives it to DAVIES.
MICK grabs it. Pause. (39)
Davies' confusion, repetitions, and attempts to deceive both brothers and to play each one off against the other are also farcical. Davies has pretended to be someone else and using an assumed name, "Bernard Jenkins". But, in response to separate inquiries by Aston and Mick, it appears that Davies' real name is not really "Bernard Jenkins" but that it is "Mac Davies" (as Pinter designates him "Davies" throughout) and that he is actually Welsh and not English, a fact that he is attempting to conceal throughout the play and that motivates him to "get down to Sidcup", the past location of a British Army Records Office, to get his identity "papers" (13–16).
The elements of tragedy occur in Aston's climactic monologue about his shock treatments in "that place" and at the end of the play, though the ending is still somewhat ambiguous: at the very end, it appears that the brothers are turning Davies, an old homeless man, out of what may be his last chance for shelter, mainly because of his (and their) inabilities to adjust socially to one another, or their respective "anti-social" qualities.
Interpretation
In his 1960 book review of The Caretaker, fellow English playwright John Arden writes: "Taken purely at its face value this play is a study of the unexpected strength of family ties against an intruder." As Arden states, family relationships are one of the main thematic concerns of the play.
Another prevalent theme is the characters' inability to communicate productively with one another. The play depends more on dialogue than on action; however, though there are fleeting moments in which each of them does seem to reach some understanding with the other, more often, they avoid communicating with one another as a result of their own psychological insecurities and self-concerns.
The theme of isolation appears to result from the characters' inability to communicate with one another, and the characters' own insularity seems to exacerbate their difficulty communicating with others.
As the characters also engage in deceiving one another and themselves, deception and self-deception are motifs, and certain deceptive phrases and self-deceptive strategies recur as refrains throughout the dialogue. Davies uses an assumed name and has convinced himself that he is really going to resolve his problems relating to his lack of identity papers, even though he appears too lazy to take any such responsibility for his own actions and blames his inaction on everyone but himself. Aston believes that his dream of building a shed will eventually reach fruition, despite his mental disability. Mick believes that his ambitions for a successful career outweigh his responsibility to care for his mentally damaged brother. In the end however all three men are deceiving themselves. Their lives may continue on beyond the end of the play just as they are at the beginning and throughout it. The deceit and isolation in the play lead to a world where time, place, identity, and language are ambiguous and fluid.
Production history
Premiere
On 27 April 1960, the first production of The Caretaker opened at the Arts Theatre, in London, prior to transferring to the West End's Duchess Theatre on 30 May 1960. It starred Donald Pleasence as Davies, Alan Bates as Mick, and Peter Woodthorpe as Aston. The productions received generally strong reviews.
Other notable productions and major revivals
1961 – Lyceum Theatre, New York City, on 4 October 1961 by Roger L. Stevens, Frederick Brisson, and Gilbert Miller. Directed by Donald McWhinnie. Setting: Bert Currah, Sets Supervised and lighting: Paul Morrison, Production Supervisor: Fred Herbert, Stage Manager/Understudy: Joel Fabiani
Cast: Alan Bates (Mick), Donald Pleasence (Davies), and Robert Shaw (Aston).
1972 – Residenz Theatre, Munich directed by August Everding
Cast: Heinz Rühmann (Davies), Gerd Baltus (Aston) and Michael Schwarzmaier (Mick)
1976 – Virginia Museum Theater (VMT), directed by James Kirkland. Part of the mission of the Virginia Museum at the time was to disseminate the arts, including drama, widely to the people of Virginia. In this regard, it is noteworthy that this was the second Pinter play to be produced by VMT, showing the increasing popularity of his works. This production followed the company's statewide tour of The Homecoming two years previously.
1981 – Royal National Theatre. Directed by Kenneth Ives.
Cast: Jonathan Pryce, Kenneth Cranham, and Warren Mitchell
1983 – Royal Exchange, Manchester directed by Richard Negri
Cast: Charlie Drake (Davies), Jonathan Hackett (Aston) and Tim McInnerny (Mick). Michael Angelis also played one of the two brothers.
1990 – Sherman Theatre, Cardiff (24 October – 10 November)
Cast: Miriam Karlin played Davies – the first time a woman performed the title role – with Mark Lewis Jones (Aston) and Gary Lilburn (Mick). Directed by Annie Castledine.
1991 – Comedy Theatre, London. Directed by Harold Pinter.
Cast: Donald Pleasence, Peter Howitt and Colin Firth
1993 – The Studio Theatre, Washington, D.C. (12 September – 24 October)
Cast: Emery Battis, Richard Thompson, John Tindle.
2000 – Comedy Theatre, London, November 2000 – February 2001. Directed by Patrick Marber. Designer, Rob Howell; lighting, Hugh Vanstone; sound, Simon Baker (for Autograph Sound). Associate Director, Gari Jones
Cast: Michael Gambon (Davies), Rupert Graves (Mick), and Douglas Hodge (Aston)
2003 – Roundabout Theatre Company, New York City. Directed by David Jones. Set design: John Beatty, Costume design: Jane Greenwood, Lighting: Peter Lezorowski. Design: Scott Lehrer.
Cast: Patrick Stewart (Davies), Aidan Gillen (Mick), and Kyle MacLachlan (Aston).
2005 – Zephyr Theatre. Los Angeles. Directed by Matt Gottlieb.
Cast Robert Mandan (Davies), Steve Spiro (Mick) and Jaxon Duff Gwillim (Aston).
2006 – Sheffield Theatres, part of UK tour in 2006–2007 season. Directed by Jamie Lloyd.
Cast Nigel Harman, David Bradley, and Con O'Neill.
2006–2007 – "Le gardien". Théâtre de l'Oeuvre. Transferred to the Théâtre de Paris. Directed by Didier Long.
Cast: Robert Hirsch, Samuel Labarthe and Cyrille Thouvenin.
2007 – The English Theatre of Hamburg. Directed by Clifford Dean.
Cast: Hayward Morse, Steven Lello, and Scott Smith.
2008 – Guthrie Theater, Minneapolis. Directed by Benjamin McGovern.
Cast: Stephen Cartmell, Steven Epp, and Kris L. Nelson.
2009 – Everyman Theatre, Liverpool. Directed by Christopher Morahan.
Cast: Jonathan Pryce (Davies), Peter McDonald (Aston), Tom Brooke (Mick).
2010 – London Classic Theatre (touring production). Directed by Michael Cabot.
Cast: Nicholas Gadd, Nicholas Gasson, and Richard Stemp.
2011 – Writers' Theatre, Glencoe, Illinois. Directed by Ron OJ Parson.
Cast: Kareem Bandealy, Anish Jethmalani and Bill Norris.
Broadcast on BBC Radio 4, 2:30PM Sat, 27 November 2010, repeated 2:30PM Sat, 28 April 2012: Davies read by David Warner, Aston by Tony Bell and Mick by Daniel Mays, directed by Peter Kavanagh.
2016 – The Old Vic Theatre, London. Directed by Matthew Warchus.
Cast: Timothy Spall, Daniel Mays, and George MacKay.
2017 – Bristol Old Vic, Bristol. Directed by Christopher Haydon.
Cast: Patrice Naiambana, David Judge, Jonathan Livingstone.
Film adaptation
The Caretaker (1963)
Notes
Works cited
Arden, John. Book review of The Caretaker, by Harold Pinter. New Theatre Mag. 1.4 (July 1960): 29–30.
Billington, Michael. Harold Pinter. 1996. London: Faber and Faber, 2007. (13). Updated 2nd ed. of The Life and Work of Harold Pinter. 1996. London: Faber and Faber, 1997. (10). Print.
Esslin, Martin. The Theatre of the Absurd. 1961. 3rd ed. New York: Vintage Books, 2004. (10). (13). Print.
Hickling, Alfred. "The Caretaker: Octagon, Bolton". Guardian. Guardian Media Group, 13 March 2009. Web. 28 May 2009. (Rev. of production directed by Mark Babych.)
Jones, David. "Travels with Harold". Front & Center Online. Roundabout Theatre Company, Fall 2003. Web. 12 March 2009. ("Online version of the Roundabout Theatre Company's subscriber magazine.")
Knowles, Roland. The Birthday Party and The Caretaker: Text and Performance. London: Macmillan Education, 1988. 41–43. Print.
Naismith, Bill. Harold Pinter. Faber Critical Guides. London: Faber and Faber, 2000. . Print.
Pinter, Harold. The Caretaker: A Play in Three Acts. London: Encore Publishing Co., 1960. OCLC 10322991. Print.
–––. The Caretaker and The Dumb Waiter: Two Plays by Harold Pinter 1960. New York: Grove Press, 1988. (10). (13). Print.
Powlick, Leonard. " 'What the hell is that all about?' A Peek at Pinter's Dramaturgy." Harold Pinter: Critical Approaches. Ed. Steven H. Gale. Cranbury, NJ: Associated UP, 1986. 30–37. Print.
Richardson, Brian. Performance review of The Caretaker, Studio Theatre (Washington D.C.), 12 September 1993. The Pinter Review: Annual Essays 1994. Ed. Francis Gillen and Steven H. Gale. Tampa: U of Tampa P, 1994. 109–10. Print.
Scott, Michael, ed. Harold Pinter: The Birthday Party, The Caretaker, The Homecoming: A Case Book. London: Macmillan Education, 1986. Print.
External links
"The Caretaker" – From the "Plays" section of HaroldPinter.org: The Official Website of the International Playwright Harold Pinter (Includes details of productions and excerpts from reviews.)
"The Caretaker Summary / Study Guide" – Synopsis and analysis at eNotes.com.
1960 plays
Plays by Harold Pinter
British plays adapted into films
Films with screenplays by Harold Pinter
Methuen Publishing books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Caretaker |
Colin Brunton (born 1955) is a Canadian producer and director.
Brunton was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. After creating the short films The Last Pogo (1978), A Trip Around Lake Ontario (1988) and The Mysterious Moon Men of Canada (1989), Genie Award winner for Best Live Action Short), Brunton produced the feature films Roadkill (1989) and Highway 61 (1990) with director Bruce McDonald.
Brunton then went on to become the first executive director of The Feature Film Project, an initiative of Norman Jewison's Canadian Film Centre. Encouraging filmmakers to take risks, and giving them complete artistic freedom, from 1991 to 1995 he developed and then executive produced five feature films by first-time directors, producers and writers: Blood & Donuts, Cube, Rude, Shoemaker, and House. While faring poorly at the box office, they garnered generally favorable critical praise, and in two cases launched the healthy careers of two new directors: Clement Virgo with Rude and Vincenzo Natali with Cube.
After leaving the Feature Film Project, Brunton became a hired-gun, working as a line producer, producer, and production manager on a variety of feature films including Hedwig and the Angry Inch, The Safety of Objects and Foolproof. His television producing credits include the sixth season of The Kids in the Hall, Little Mosque on the Prairie, Spun Out, The Newsroom, Our Hero, Schitt's Creek and Puppets Who Kill.
In 2007, Brunton completed the concert DVD Duality of Self featuring mysterious musician Jandek, and in 2013 he released the feature-length documentary The Last Pogo Jumps Again in collaboration with Kire Paputts. He was also in the 2007 movie How She Move.
He was line producer on Empire of Dirt, a film that was nominated in 2013 for Best Picture at the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards.
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Film producers from Ontario
Academic staff of the Canadian Film Centre
Film directors from Toronto
Canadian television producers
Directors of Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners for Best Live Action Short Drama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Brunton |
Magic Touch or The Magic Touch may refer to:
Music
Magic Touch, a Black female vocal group, famous for the 1971 hit "Step Into My World", Black Falcon Records, 1971
Magic Touch Records, a record label that existed between 1964 and 1977, initially distributed by Atco Records
Albums
The Magic Touch (album), a 1962 album by Tadd Dameron
Magic Touch (Stanley Jordan album), 1985
Magic Touch (Magic Sam and Shakey Jake album), 1983
Magic Touch, 2002 album by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
Magic Touch, 2007 album by John Németh
Songs
"(You've Got) The Magic Touch", a 1956 song by The Platters, written by Buck Ram, covered by various artists
"Magic Touch", a 1979 song by Kiss from the album Dynasty
"Magic Touch" (Mike Oldfield song), 1987
"Magic Touch" (Loose Ends song), 1985
"Magic Touch", a 1987 song by Aerosmith from the album Permanent Vacation
"Magic Touch", a 1988 song by Milli Vanilli, released as a B-side on their single for "Girl You Know It's True"
Film
The Magic Touch, 1958 Hong Kong film which was the first film of Margaret Tu Chuan
The Magic Touch (film), a 1992 Hong Kong comedy film written, produced and directed by Michael Hui
Magic Touch of Fate, a Korean film
Games and comics
Magic Touch (game), a 2007 flash game by Nitrome
The Magic Touch (manga), a 2003 manga series written and illustrated by Izumi Tsubaki | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20Touch |
"Miracle Drug" is a song by Irish rock band U2, and is the second track on their 2004 album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb. The song's lyrics were written by lead vocalist Bono about a former schoolmate Christopher Nolan, who was paralysed from birth but through a medical breakthrough learned to communicate via a pointer attached to his forehead and eventually wrote several books.
Composition
"Miracle Drug" was written about the late Irish writer Christopher Nolan, with whom the band attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School. Bono said of Nolan:
Live performances
"Miracle Drug" was played live at every show of the first and second legs of the Vertigo Tour, with Bono using the song (and the story of Nolan) as a means of expressing his appreciation for doctors, nurses, and others in the medical field. Its last performance on the Vertigo Tour was 28 November 2005 in Montreal.
The song made a brief return to the live stage in a new, reworked format on the first leg of U2's Innocence + Experience Tour. It opened the first encore in what was meant to be a rotational spot with "City of Blinding Lights".
References
U2 songs
2004 songs
Song recordings produced by Jacknife Lee
Songs written by Bono
Songs written by the Edge
Songs written by Adam Clayton
Songs written by Larry Mullen Jr.
Song recordings produced by Steve Lillywhite | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle%20Drug |
Anhanguera may refer to:
People
Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva (1672–1740), a bandeirante
Places in Brazil
Anhanguera, Goiás, a municipality in the state of Goiás
Anhanguera (district of São Paulo), a district in São Paulo
Parque Anhanguera, a municipal park in São Paulo
Rede Anhanguera de Comunicação (RAC), a mass communication company from Campinas
Rodovia Anhanguera, a highway in the state of São Paulo
Other meanings
Anhanguera (devil), in Brazilian mythology
Anhanguera (pterosaur)
Anhanguera Educacional, an educational company
CDT da Anhanguera, a television production facility | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhanguera |
Dark Endless is the debut studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at Hellspawn Studios during four days in June 1992 and released that December by No Fashion Records. Like many early black metal albums, it mixes black metal vocals with predominantly death metal stylings. Dark Endless is the only Marduk studio album to feature Andreas Axelsson on vocals and Rikard Kalm on bass, as by Marduk's second album Those of the Unlight, they had been replaced by Joakim Göthberg (who plays drums on this release, along with contributing some vocals) and B. War respectively.
There also exists a Christian unblack metal band named "Dark Endless" who are named after this particular album.
Track listing
All songs written and arranged by Marduk.
The album intro and "Still Fucking Dead (Here's No Peace)", which were initially one track, were divided into two for the Regain Records reissue of the album. The songs are listed in the reissued track listing as "The Eye of Funeral" and "Still Fucking Dead" (dropping "Here's No Peace" from the title). This is why bonus tracks on the disc start at track 10 instead of track 9.
Re-issue
The album was re-released with bonus tracks in digipak format on 4 April 2006.
Personnel
Marduk
Andreas Axelsson – vocals
Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
Magnus "Devo" Andersson – guitar
Rikard Kalm – bass guitar
Joakim Göthberg – drums, vocals
Production
Dan Swanö – mixing
References
1992 debut albums
Marduk (band) albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Endless |
The Homecoming is a two-act play written in 1964 by Harold Pinter and first published in 1965. Its premières in London (1965) and New York (1967) were both directed by Sir Peter Hall. The original Broadway production won the 1967 Tony Award for Best Play. Its 40th-anniversary Broadway production at the Cort Theatre was nominated for a 2008 Tony Award for "Best Revival of a Play".
Set in North London, the play has six characters. Five of these are men who are related to each other: Max, a retired butcher; his brother Sam, a chauffeur; and Max's three sons: Teddy, a philosophy professor in the United States; Lenny, a pimp who only makes discreet references to his "occupation" and his clientele and flats in the city (London); and Joey, a brute training to become a professional boxer and who works in demolition.
There is one woman, Ruth, Teddy's wife. The play concerns Teddy's and Ruth's "homecoming," which has distinctly different symbolic and thematic implications. In the initial productions and the film of the same name, Pinter's first wife, Vivien Merchant, played Ruth.
Characters
Max, "a man of seventy" – The patriarch of the family.
Lenny, "a man in his early thirties" – Max's son, apparently a pimp.
Sam, "a man of sixty-three" – Max's brother, a chauffeur.
Joey, "a man in his middle twenties" – Max's son, in demolition, training to be a boxer.
Teddy, "a man in his middle thirties" – Max's son, a professor of philosophy in America.
Ruth, "a woman in her early thirties" – Teddy's wife.
Setting
The setting is an old house in North London during the summer. All of the scenes take place in the same large room, filled with various pieces of furniture. The shape of a square arch, no longer present, is visible. Beyond the room are a hallway and staircase to the upper floor and the front door.
Plot
After having lived in the United States for six years, Teddy brings his wife, Ruth, home for the first time to meet his working-class family in North London, where he grew up, and which she finds more familiar than their arid academic life in America. The two married in London before moving to the United States.
Much sexual tension occurs as Ruth teases Teddy's brothers and father, and the men taunt one another in a game of one-upmanship, resulting in Ruth's staying behind with Teddy's relatives as "one of the family" and Teddy returning home to their three sons in America without her.
Act one
The play begins in the midst of what becomes an ongoing power struggle between the two more dominant men: the father, Max, and his middle son, Lenny. Max and the other men put down one another, expressing their "feelings of resentment," with Max feminising his brother Sam, whom he intimates is homosexual, while, ironically, himself claiming to have himself "given birth" to his three sons.
Teddy arrives with his wife, Ruth. He reveals that he married Ruth in London six years earlier and that the couple subsequently moved to the U.S. and had three sons prior to this visit to the family home ("homecoming") to introduce her. The couple's mutual discomfort with each other, marked by her restless desire to go out exploring after he has gone to sleep, then followed by her sexually suggestive first-time encounter with her dangerous, and somewhat misogynistic, brother-in-law Lenny, begins to expose problems in the marriage. She strikes a nerve when she calls him "Leonard"; he tells her that no one, aside from his late mother, has ever called him that.
After a sexually charged conversation between Lenny and Ruth, she exits. Awakened by their voices, the patriarch Max comes downstairs. Lenny does not tell Max about Teddy and Ruth's arrival at the house and engages in more verbal sparring with Max. The scene ends in a blackout.
When the lights come up the scene has changed to the following morning. Max comes down to make breakfast. When Teddy and Ruth appear and Max discovers they have been there all night without his knowledge, Max is initially enraged, assuming that Ruth is a prostitute. After being told that Ruth and Teddy have married and that she is his daughter-in-law, Max appears to make some effort to reconcile with Teddy.
Act two
This act opens with the men's ritual of sharing the lighting of cigars, traditionally associated with phallic imagery after lunch. Teddy's cigar goes out prematurely, the symbolism of which is clear.
Max's subsequent sentimental pseudo-reminiscences of family life with his late wife, Jessie, and their "boys" and his experiences as a butcher also end abruptly with a cynical twist.
After Teddy's marriage to Ruth receives Max's blessing, she relaxes and, focusing their attention on her ("Look at me"), she reveals some details about her previous life before meeting Teddy and how she views America (pp. 68–69). After Max and his brother, Sam, exit, Teddy abruptly suggests to Ruth that they return home immediately (p. 70).
Apparently, he knows about her history as "a photographic model for the body" (p. 73) and about which she reminisces when talking to Lenny alone after Teddy has gone upstairs "to pack" for their return trip to the United States. When he returns with the suitcases and Ruth's coat, he expresses concern about what else Lenny may have gotten Ruth to reveal. As Teddy looks on, Lenny initiates dancing "slowly" with Ruth (p. 74).
With Teddy, Max, and Joey all looking on, Lenny kisses Ruth and then turns her over to Joey, who asserts that "she's wide open"; "Old Lenny's got a tart in here" (p. 74).
Joey begins making out with Ruth on the sofa, telling Lenny that she is "Just up my street" (p. 75). Max asks Teddy if he is "going" so soon.
He tells Teddy, "Look, next time you come over, don't forget to let us know beforehand whether you're married or not. I'll always be glad to meet the wife." He says that he knows that Teddy had not told him that he was married because he was "ashamed" that he had "married a woman beneath him" (p. 75), just before peering to look at Ruth, who is literally still lying "under" Joey.
Max adds that Teddy doesn't need to be "ashamed" of Ruth's social status, assuring Teddy that he is a "broadminded man" (75), and "she's a lovely girl. A beautiful woman", as well as "a mother too. A mother of three." Contrary to the concurrent action, even more ironically, Max observes that Teddy has "made a happy woman out of her. It's something to be proud of"; right after Max further asserts that Ruth is "a woman of quality" and "a woman of feeling", clasped in their ongoing embrace, Joey and Ruth literally "roll off the sofa on to the floor" (p. 76).
Suddenly pushing Joey away and standing up, Ruth appears to take command, demanding food and drink, and Joey and Lenny attempt to satisfy her demands (pp. 76–77). After Ruth questions whether or not his family has read Teddy's "critical works" — a seemingly absurdist non sequitur -- or perhaps just a jibe at her academician spouse -- the answer to which, in either event, is a foregone conclusion — Teddy defends his own "intellectual equilibrium" and professional turf (pp. 77–78). Ruth and Joey go upstairs for two hours but Joey, who comes down alone without her, complains that Ruth refused to go "the whole hog" (p. 82).
With Ruth still upstairs, Lenny and the others reminisce about Lenny's and Joey's sexual exploits. Lenny, whom the family considers an expert in sexual matters, labels Ruth a "tease," to which Teddy replies, "Perhaps he hasn't got the right touch" (p. 82). Lenny retorts that Joey has "had more dolly than you've had cream cakes", is "irresistible" to the ladies, "one of the few and far between" (p. 82). Lenny relates anecdotes about Joey's sexual prowess with other "birds" (pp. 82–84).
When Lenny asks Joey, "Don't tell me you're satisfied without going the whole hog?", Joey tentatively replies that "sometimes" a man can be "happy" without "going any hog" (p. 84). Lenny "stares at him". Joey seems to be suggesting that Ruth is so good at "the game" that Lenny ultimately gets the "idea [to] take her up with me to Greek Street" (p. 88).
Max volunteers that Ruth could come to live with the family, suggesting that they "should keep her" while she works for them part-time (as a prostitute). The men discuss this proposal in considerable detail, seemingly half-joking to irritate Teddy and half-serious (pp. 86–89). Sam declares the whole idea "silly" and "rubbish" (p. 86). Teddy adamantly refuses to "put" anything "in the kitty", as Max asks (p. 87), and Lenny suggests that Teddy could hand out business cards and refer Americans he knows to Ruth when they visit London, for "a little percentage" (pp. 89–90). Teddy does not decline outright but neither does he affirmatively agree to the idea. Teddy also says, in the play's only poignant turn of phrase, "She'd get old ... very quickly", which concern Max dismisses, citing the new National Health Service.
Ruth comes downstairs, "dressed". Teddy is still waiting with his coat on and their packed suitcases (p. 90). Teddy informs her of the family's proposal, without going into explicit detail about their intention to engage her in prostitution, saying euphemistically that she will "have to pull [her] weight" financially because they are not "very well off"; then he offers her a choice to stay in London with the family or to return to America with him (pp. 91–92).
Ruth understands exactly what is being proposed and appears very open to the proposal. She inflexibly negotiates her demands, including a three-room flat and a maid as the terms of a "contract" (p. 93) with Lenny, all of which must be finalized in writing with signatures and witnesses, leaving Lenny nonplussed but hapless. Ruth clearly is adept at getting what she wants (pp. 92–94) and Teddy prepares to return to America without her.
Having spoken up a few times earlier to voice his objections, Sam blurts out a long-kept secret about Jessie and Max's friend MacGregor, then "croaks and collapses" and "lies still" on the floor (94). Briefly considering the possibility that Sam has "dropped dead" and become a "corpse" (p. 94), the others ascertain that he is still breathing ("not even dead"), dismiss his revelation as the product of "a diseased imagination", and ignore him thereafter.
After a pause, Ruth accepts their proposal, conditionally: "Yes, it sounds like a very attractive idea" (p. 94). Teddy focuses on the inconvenience that Sam's unavailability poses for him: "I was going to ask him to drive me to London airport" (p. 95). Instead, he gets directions to the Underground, before saying goodbye to the others and leaving to return home to his three sons, alone. As he moves towards the front door, Ruth calls Teddy "Eddie"; after he turns around, she cryptically tells him, "Don't become a stranger" (p. 96). He goes out the front door, leaving his wife with the other four men in the house. The final tableau vivant (pp. 96–98) depicts Ruth sitting, "relaxed in her chair", as if on a throne.
Sam lies motionless on the floor; Joey, who has walked over to Ruth, places his head in her lap, which she gently caresses. Lenny, stands looking on and observing. After repeatedly insisting he is not an old man, and getting no reply from Ruth, who remains, as usual, tactically silent, Max beseeches her, "Kiss me" – the final words of the play. Ruth sits and "continues to touch JOEY's head, lightly," while Lenny "stands, watching" (p. 98). In this "resolution" of the play (its dénouement), what might happen later remains unresolved. Such lack of plot resolution and other ambiguities are features of most of Pinter's dramas.
Symbolism and irony of title
In addition to the play being about Teddy's homecoming on a literal level, critics have suggested that, on a metaphoric level, the homecoming is Ruth's. That, symbolically, Ruth comes "home" to "herself": she rediscovers her previous identity prior to her marriage to Teddy.
Ironically, as she "comes home" to this family which has been for so long woman-less (motherless, wifeless, etc.), she thus abandons her own biological family with Teddy, leaving them now similarly bereft.
By the end of the play, Ruth appears to have assumed the multiple roles of Jessie, the family's absent wife and mother, the missing woman in their household ("mother/wife/whore" in terms used by critics), while putting the American family of Ruth and Teddy in a parallel position, thus ironically reversing the situation at the beginning of the play. In that sense, the play recalls Edward's reversal of roles with the silent Matchseller in Pinter's 1959 play A Slight Ache, initially broadcast on BBC Radio 3, and similarly ironic plot and character role-reversals resulting from power struggles throughout many of Pinter's other plays.
For many critics the missing "back wall" in the "large room" of the house described by Pinter as "removed" (p. 21) and by Teddy as "knocked [...] down to make an open living area" after Jessie's death (p. 37) symbolises the absent female influence.
In October 2007, as quoted by Lahr, Pinter said that he considers The Homecoming his most "muscular" play.
After Teddy comes home and introduces his London family to his wife, Ruth (pp. 35–40), Max invites her to remain with them in London; as Teddy puts it to her euphemistically: "Ruth ... the family have invited you to stay, for a little while longer. As a ... as a kind of guest" (p. 91). Whereas Teddy
must return home to his life and family in America (pp. 91–96) to fulfill his
obligations, Ruth agrees to "come home" (p. 92), by refusing to honor any longer her now defunct obligations as wife and mother, to more than willingly take up her part in the family business (so to speak) as well as succeeding the late Jessie (Max's wife and his sons' mother), filling the gap created by and since the other woman's death (pp. 92–94).
On first seeing Ruth, Max believes that his eldest son, Teddy, has brought a "filthy scrubber" into "my house", adding, "I've never had a whore under this roof before. Ever since your mother died" (pp 57–58). A major irony is that Max's apparently-mistaken first assumption becomes more accurate as the family (and the audience) get to "know" Ruth better (pp. 65–76). The play makes clear to Teddy's family, even if Teddy refuses to acknowledge it, that Ruth has been, to say the least, increasingly unhappy in married life and in the United States.
When her husband insists she is "not well" (p. 85) and simply needs to "rest" (p. 71), Teddy is clearly both downplaying and ignoring the cause and extent of her discontent, even depression, draping his words in almost Victorian modesty. However, he ultimately elects to leave without her rather than fight for her. It has not been Teddy's "homecoming" but that of Ruth.
Critical response
Often considered to be a highly ambiguous, an enigmatic, and for some even a cryptic play, The Homecoming has been the subject of extensive critical debate since it premiered. According to many critics, it exposes issues of sex and power in a realistic yet aesthetically stylised manner.
Surveying Pinter's career on the occasion of the 40-anniversary Broadway production of the play at the Cort Theatre in The New Yorker, the critic John Lahr describes the impact of experiencing it: The Homecoming' changed my life. Before the play, I thought words were just vessels of meaning; after it, I saw them as weapons of defence. Before, I thought theatre was about the spoken; after, I understood the eloquence of the unspoken. The position of a chair, the length of a pause, the choice of a gesture, I realised, could convey volumes."
Like other contemporary critics familiar with The Homecoming, Ben Brantley praises the play's two-act plot structure, referring to its "nigh-perfect form." In the 1960s, when first encountering the play, its earliest critics complained that, like Pinter's other plays as perceived then, The Homecoming seemed, in their words, "plotless," "meaningless," and "emotionless" (lacking character motivation), and they found the play "puzzling" (their word); later critics argue that the play evokes a multiplicity of potential meanings, leading to multiple interpretations.
In "Demolition Man", Lahr considers The Homecoming to be
The Homecoming directly challenges the place of morals in family life and puts their social value "under erasure" (in Derridean terminology). Teddy's profession as an academic philosopher, which, he claims, enables him to "maintain ... intellectual equilibrium" —
ironically raises basic philosophical questions about the nature of so-called family values and the "meaning" of "love" among family members.
Occasionally, one finds critics of the play, aware of Pinter's reputation for ambiguity, questioning even Teddy's and Ruth's references to the fact of their "being married"; e.g., Harold Hobson, as cited by Merritt: "Hobson's interpretation of Teddy as merely pretending to be Ruth's husband and a professor of philosophy enables him to rationalize the man's behavior toward his wife."
Basing her viewpoint on a personal interview with Hobson, Susan Hollis Merritt considers Hobson's review of the first production of the play, entitled "Pinter Minus the Moral", concluding: "although Hobson still describes The Homecoming as Pinter's 'cleverest play,' his judgment against the play's 'moral vacuum,' like his denial of Teddy and Ruth's marriage, suggests his personal distress at the portrayal of marriage and what Pinter has called the characters' misdirected 'love.' "
To deny that Teddy and Ruth are really married is a common refrain in responses to the play. Aside from their behaviour in the play as well as that of Teddy's family, nothing in the text contradicts the ostensible and putative reality that they are legally married and have three sons. The more outrageous, even horrifying, for the play's original audiences, the words and actions taken by Ruth, Max, and Lenny, the more Teddy protests that they are married, leading some critics to believe that the man doth protest too much. A perceptive reader and viewer of the play would wonder why Teddy would have brought his wife and the mother of his children into such a grotesque menagerie in the first place.
Continuing denial of the facts of Teddy's and Ruth's marriage and children may serve critics as a means of expressing their own rejection of what occurs in the play. Knowing Ruth as she slowly reveals herself, it is easier, and likely more comforting, to dismiss the proposition that she had ever been a housewife, much less the mother of three children born during a six-year span whom she appears to have no intention of ever seeing again. The notion of a mother willingly, indeed facilely, abandoning her husband, and, especially, her children, to become a prostitute, must have been, especially at that time, almost unprecedented in "respectable" drama and literature and on the "legitimate" stage up to that time.
Alluding indirectly to this critical pattern, Brantley observes, however, that, in time, the play may appear more realistic and more relevant to the lives of theatre audiences than it may have seemed when they themselves were younger or more naive about the nature of marriage and family life. To those with strong religious values, like Hobson, the play appears, to say the least, immoral or amoral. Yet, to others, its moral value resides in its very questioning of commonly accepted shibboleths about marriage and the family: "People who were originally put off by The Homecoming may now find it too close to home. It's a bit like Picasso's shockingly severe painting of Gertrude Stein from 1906, the one he predicted in time would resemble its subject. We may not have thought we saw ourselves in The Homecoming four decades ago. Now it feels like a mirror", posited critic Ben Brantley. Other critics, like Lahr in Demolition Man, remind their readers of the strong element of comedy in this play, as in many of Pinter's other plays.
Composition history
Pinter wrote The Homecoming in six weeks in 1964 from his home in the Sussex coastal town of Worthing, where, according to theatre critic John Lahr, "the magnificent barrenness of the play's North London setting was imagined as he sat at his writing desk overlooking gardens, within earshot of the sea." According to Lahr, Pinter remarked that "it kind of wrote itself."
Pinter's close friend and former schoolteacher, Joseph Brearley, was visiting Pinter after he had written the play. "I gave him the play to read," Pinter recalled. "I waited in another room. About two hours later, I heard the front door slam. I thought, Well, here we are. He doesn't like it. About an hour later, the doorbell rang. I answered it. He said, 'I had to get some air.' He said, 'It is your best.' "
Production history
Productions of the play have won major theatre awards. The 1967 New York production received four Tony Awards: the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play (Paul Rogers), the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play (Ian Holm), the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play (Peter Hall), and the Tony Award for Best Play (Alexander H. Cohen, prod.).
A film of the play, based on Pinter's own screenplay and also entitled The Homecoming and directed by Sir Peter Hall, was released in 1973. It features most of the original 1965 Royal Shakespeare Company cast and became part of the two-season subscription series American Film Theatre in the United States, available on DVD and distributed by Kino Lorber.
List of selected productions
See also Harold Pinter#2001–2008
London première
Royal Shakespeare Company. Dir. Peter Hall. With Paul Rogers (Max), Ian Holm (Lenny), John Normington (Sam), Terence Rigby (Joey), Michael Bryant (Teddy), and Vivien Merchant (Ruth). Aldwych Theatre, London. Opened on 3 June 1965. The pre-London tryouts opened at the New Theatre, Cardiff on 26 March 1965.
New York première
"The first American production opened at The Music Box on 5 January 1967. With the exception of the part of Teddy, which was played by Michael Craig, the cast was as above".
Royal Exchange production
In 2002 the play was produced at the Royal Exchange in Manchester. Directed by Greg Hersov, it starred Pete Postlethwaite as Max. He won the 2002 MEN Award for best actor for his performance.
Radio broadcast
On 18 March 2007, BBC Radio 3 broadcast a new radio production of The Homecoming, directed by Thea Sharrock and produced by Martin J. Smith, with Pinter performing the role of Max (for the first time; he had previously played Lenny on stage in the 1960s), Michael Gambon as Max's brother Sam, Rupert Graves as Teddy, Samuel West as Lenny, James Alexandrou as Joey, and Gina McKee as Ruth (Martin J. Smith; West).
Broadway revival
The Tony Award-nominated 40th-anniversary Broadway revival of The Homecoming, starring James Frain as Teddy, Ian McShane as Max, Raul Esparza as Lenny, Michael McKean as Sam, Eve Best as Ruth, and Gareth Saxe as Joey, directed by Daniel Sullivan, and produced by Buddy Freitag, opened on 16 December 2007, for a "20-week limited engagement" through 13 April 2008, at the Cort Theatre. It received Tony Award nominations for Best Revival of a Play, Best Actress in a Play (Eve Best) and Best Featured Actor in a Play (Raul Esparza). It also received the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Ensemble Performance. Charlie Rose spoke with actor Ian McShane about his portrayal of Max in this revival.
Almeida revival
The Homecoming was revived at the Almeida Theatre, London, from 31 January through 22 March 2008. The cast included Kenneth Cranham, Neil Dudgeon, Danny Dyer, Jenny Jules, and Nigel Lindsay. Dan Wooller photographed the first-night "post-show party at the Almeida, including Harold Pinter, Peter Hall, and several "other first-night guests."
Trafalgar Revival 2015, performed at the Trafalgar Studios, London, starring John Macmillan, Keith Allen, John Simm, Gemma Chan, Ron Cook and Gary Kemp. Directed by Jamie Lloyd. Design by Soutra Gilmour. Lighting by Richard Howell. Sound by George Dennis.
Others
Other productions of The Homecoming have at times been listed on the home page of Pinter's official website and through its lefthand menu of links to the "Calendar" ("Worldwide Calendar").
A film with the same name was made in the UK in 1973, featuring several actors from the London premiere.
The play was chosen by Lusaka Theatre Club as its entry for the 1967 Zambia Drama Festival, and was awarded prizes for best production and best actor (Norman Williams as Lenny). The director was Trevor Eastwood.
See also
Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work
The Homecoming (film), a 1973 film based on Pinter's play
Notes
References
Batty, Mark. About Pinter: The Playwright and the Work. London: Faber and Faber, 2005. (10). (13).
Brantley, Ben. "Theater Review (Cort Theatre): The Homecoming You Can Go Home Again, But You'll Pay the Consequences". The New York Times 17 December 2007, The Arts: E1, 7. Accessed 10 March 2014.
Esslin, Martin. The Peopled Wound: The Work of Harold Pinter. London: Methuen, 1970. (10). (13). [Periodically revised, expanded, and updated editions published as Pinter the Playwright.]
–––. Pinter the Playwright. 1984. 6th (revised) ed. London: Methuen, 2000. (10). (13).
Franzblau, Abraham. "A Psychiatrist Looks at The Homecoming". Saturday Review 8 April 1967: 58.
Gordon, Robert. Harold Pinter: The Theatre of Power. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 2012.
"The Homecoming by Harold Pinter". South Coast Repertory webpage for its 2001–2002 season production of the play. Accessed 26 February 2008. (Includes excerpts from books, articles, reviews, and other features, such as an article entitled "Pinter Comes Home to SCR", by Jerry Patch.)
Lahr, John. "Demolition Man: Harold Pinter and 'The Homecoming' ". The New Yorker 24 December 2007, "Onward and Upward with the Arts". Accessed 16 December 2007. (Advance online version.) (6 pages online; 7 pages in printout.) [Also published online in the section on "Harold Pinter" at johnlahr.com. Accessed 10 March 2014.]
–––, and Anthea Lahr, eds. A Casebook on Harold Pinter's The Homecoming. New York: Grove Press, 1971. (Evergreen Original 3:553-A.) London: Davis-Poynter, 1974. .
Merritt, Susan Hollis. Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter. 1990. Durham & London: Duke UP, 1995. (10). (13).
Pinter, Harold. The Homecoming. 19–98 in vol. 3 of Harold Pinter: Complete Works. In 4 vols. 1978. New York: Grove Press, 1990. (Rpt. in 1994 and subsequently re-issued.) (10). (13). (Quotations from the play and page numbers within parenthetical references are from this edition.)
External links
HaroldPinter.org – Official site of Harold Pinter. Includes information about The Homecoming in "Plays", "Films", and "Worldwide Calendar" of productions. (Some typographical errors in material posted on the site; e.g., reviews are retyped and in the process sometimes errors occurred.)
The Homecoming at the Almeida Theatre – Official webpage for the 2008 production (from Almeida's "archive"). Hyperlinked sections: "Description"; "Gallery"; "The Cast"; "The Creative Team"; "Articles and Reviews"; "Read More".
The Homecoming on Broadway – Official site of the 2007–2008 Cort Theatre production. Hyperlinked sections of news, reviews, production and playwright information, the story, and other useful features. (If parts of Flash site inaccessible, see versions archived from Oct. 2007.)
"Theater: 'The Homecoming' " – Online audio-visual feature focusing on the 2007–2008 Cort Theatre production, by Ben Brantley, hosted by The New York Times.
1965 plays
Adultery in plays
Broadway plays
Plays by Harold Pinter
Tony Award-winning plays
Plays about British prostitution
Methuen Publishing books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Homecoming |
Dakine is an American outdoor clothing company specializing in sportswear and sports equipment for adventure sports. Founded in Hawaii, the name comes from the Hawaiian Pidgin phrase "da kine" (derived from "the kind"). Now based in Hood River, Oregon (products are manufactured overseas), the company also sponsors athletes from the lifestyle and sporting fields of skiing, snowboarding, mountain biking, surfing,windsurfing, kiteboarding, and skateboarding.
History
Dakine was founded in 1979 in Haiku, Maui, Hawaii, by Rob Kaplan. In 1986 Dakine moved its base of operations to Hood River, Oregon, U.S., and has remained there since. In August 2009, Dakine was acquired by Billabong International Limited. for about US$100 million. The company moved into a new headquarters along the Columbia River in Hood River in June 2013. Also in 2013, Billabong sold Dakine for $70 million to Altamont Capital Partners. As of 2016 Dakine has offices in Oregon, Oahu, Haiku, Tahiti, and Annecy.
Products
Dakine sells backpacks, clothing, outerwear, luggage, and accessories for men, women, and children.
Team
Surf
Skate
Snowboard
Ski
Bike
Andrew Shandro
Yoann Barelli
Cecile Ravanel
Airs Jack
Darcy Turenne
Geoff Gulevich
Graham Agassiz
James Wolf
Matthew Slaven
René Wildhaber
Steffi Marth
Thomas Vanderham
Carson Storch
Windsurf
Kite
Social compliance standard
The company has adopted the social compliance standard "Social Accountability International's SA8000"—the standard "is based on the primary international workplace rights contained within the International Labour Organisation conventions, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child."
See also
List of companies based in Oregon
References
External links
Official Website
German Website
Polish Website
Independent Reviews
Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States
Windsurfing equipment
Kitesurfing
Companies based in Hood River, Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakine |
Hermann Bollé (18 September 1845 – 17 April 1926) was an Austro-Hungarian architect of Franco-German origin who practiced in Croatia (Zagreb and Slavonia), as well as parts of what is now Vojvodina in northern Serbia.
Life
He was born in Cologne. After attending a vocational school where he studied civil engineering, he worked in the architectural studios of Heinrich Wiethase, where he was involved in projects for churches and other religious buildings. Beginning in 1872, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna while working in the offices of well-known cathedral architect Friedrich von Schmidt.
During 1875–76, he lived in Italy where he met Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer and the painter Izidor Kršnjavi. This meeting led him to consider Croatia as a place to establish his practice.
In 1876, he went to Đakovo, where he joined Friedrich von Schmidt to complete construction of the Cathedral of St.Peter and St.Paul, begun by architect Carl Roesner, who had died in 1869. That same year, he completed the restoration of St.Mark's Church in Zagreb, where he settled permanently in 1878.
He restored and built many structures in a variety of styles, including the Museum of Arts and Crafts, the Zagreb Cathedral, the Mirogoj Cemetery and the Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Križevci. He eventually gained great influence over the general city planning process and layout of Zagreb. He died on 17 April 1926 in Zagreb.
Best-known projects
Sources
1845 births
1926 deaths
Architects from Cologne
Architects from Austria-Hungary
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
19th-century Croatian architects
Croatian people of German descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Boll%C3%A9 |
The History of the United States of America 1801–1817, also known as The History of the United States of America During the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, is a nine-volume history written by American intellectual Henry Adams, and first published between 1889 and 1891. The entire work has been reprinted many times, most often in a two-volume format. Historian Garry Wills has described it as "the greatest prose masterpiece of non-fiction in America in the 19th century." The critic and poet Dan Chiasson has also described the book's singular reputation, writing in The New Yorker, "To many, it is the greatest work of history written by an American."
The first six chapters of the first volume have also been published separately as America in 1800.
References
External links
archive.org
Library of America
onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu
1889 non-fiction books
1890 non-fiction books
1891 non-fiction books
History books about the United States
1800s in the United States
Series of history books
1810s in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%201801%E2%80%931817 |
The ash borer (Podosesia syringae), or lilac borer, is a clearwing moth in the family Sesiidae. It is found throughout North America and can be a pest of ash and lilac.
Appearance
Like other clear wing moths, ash borers have partially transparent wings due to a lack of colored scales on the wings. The body is brown with yellowing striping on the legs and abdomen, and can give the appearance that the ash borer is a paper wasp.
Hosts and life cycle
Ash borer adults feed on nectar and will lay their eggs in the bark of lilac, ash, and privet, but can attack closely related plants in its range within North America. Larvae feed beneath the bark by chewing into the sapwood. Larval feeding can destroy the tree's phloem, weakening and possibly killing already stressed or very young trees by increasing the potential for wind damage or wilting. Pupae overwinter in the feeding gallery and emerge as adults the following spring. Adults begin to emerge between April and July or 300 to 500 growing degree days above or about one week after full bloom of lilac.
Monitoring and treatment
Pheromone traps can be used to monitor for the presence of ash borers. Minimizing tree stress through mulching, watering during drought, and avoiding damage from equipment can reduce the occurrence of damage. In areas where ash borers are present and causing damage, insecticides can be applied to the trunk and branches before larvae chew into the bark. However, insecticides, are not effective once larvae are inside the tree. Even systemic insecticides that are incorporated by the tree that are normally effective for other wood-boring insects are not effective.
References
Sesiidae
Moths described in 1839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%20borer |
Marcel Lussier (born June 30, 1944) is a Canadian politician and the former Member of Parliament for the riding of Brossard—La Prairie. Lussier was born in Saint-Damase, Quebec.
Lussier was an unsuccessful candidate for the Parti Québécois in La Pinière in the 2003 Quebec election. He ran for office as a member of the Bloc Québécois in the 2004 federal election, but was defeated by Jacques Saada. In the 2006 election he ran again, defeating Saada by approximately two per cent of the vote. He served as the party's critic for Environment.
Prior to being elected, he had worked as an engineer. In 1968 he earned a Master of Science degree in health engineering from École Polytechnique, and then went on to earn a bachelor's degree in applied science for civil engineering in 1970 from Université de Sherbrooke. He worked at Hydro-Québec for 22 years as an environmental engineering specialist.
He was initially declared re-elected in the 2008 election, but a judicial recount later declared that he had been defeated by Alexandra Mendès of the Liberals. In the 2011 election he lost again, to Hoang Mai of the NDP.
In June 2022, Lussier won the 70 million dollar jackpot in the Lotto Max lottery.
Electoral record
References
External links
1944 births
Bloc Québécois MPs
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
People from Brossard
Université de Sherbrooke alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians
French Quebecers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel%20Lussier |
Those of the Unlight is the second studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk.
It was released in October 1993 by Osmose Productions, and reissued in digipak format on April 4, 2006 by Regain Records, with bonus videos of three songs performed live on August 12, 1993.
It is the first album the band produced in a proper black metal style, as opposed to the blackened death metal approach of their 1992 debut, Dark Endless.
Those of the Unlight is the last Marduk release to feature Joakim Göthberg on drums, as he would purely assume vocal duties by the next studio album, Opus Nocturne. It also the last studio release to have two guitarists, as Devo Andersson was not in Marduk after this release, although he did return in 2004 as the bassist.
"Burn My Coffin" was originally the title for a track that would appear on Mayhem's De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas, the title was changed by Per Yngve Ohlin before he died. Marduk later adopted the title for the song on this album.
Track listing
Personnel
Marduk
Joakim Af Gravf (Joakim Göthberg) – vocals, drums
Morgan Håkansson (Patrik Niclas Morgan Håkansson) – guitar
Devo Andersson (Dan Everth Magnus Andersson) – guitar
B. War (Roger Svensson) – bass
Guest
Dan Swanö – mixing
References
1993 albums
Marduk (band) albums
Osmose Productions albums
Regain Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Those%20of%20the%20Unlight |
Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere. Hydrologists often use data provided by meteorologists. As an example, a meteorologist might forecast of rain in a specific area, and a hydrologist might then forecast what the specific impact of that rain would be on the local terrain.
UNESCO has several programs and activities in place that deal with the study of natural hazards of hydrometeorological origin and the mitigation of their effects. Among these hazards are the results of natural processes and atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic phenomena such as floods, tropical cyclones, drought, and desertification. Many countries have established an operational hydrometeorological capability to assist with forecasting, warning, and informing the public of these developing hazards.
Hydrometeorological forecasting
One of the more significant aspects of hydrometeorology involves predictions about and attempts to mitigate the effects of high precipitation events. There are three primary ways to model meteorological phenomena in weather forecasting, including nowcasting, numerical weather prediction, and statistical techniques. Nowcasting is good for predicting events a few hours out, utilizing observations and live radar data to combine them with numerical weather prediction models. The primary technique used to forecast weather, numerical weather prediction uses mathematical models to account for the atmosphere, ocean, and many other variables when producing forecasts. These forecasts are generally used to predict events days or weeks out. Finally, statistical techniques use regressions and other statistical methods to create long-term projections that go out weeks and months at a time. These models allow scientists to visualize how a multitude of different variables interact with one another, and they illustrate one grand picture of how the Earth's climate interacts with itself.
Risk assessment
A major component of hydrometeorology is mitigating the risk associated with flooding and other hydrological threats. First, there has to be knowledge of the possible hydrological threats that are expected within a specific region. After analyzing the possible threats, warning systems are put in place to quickly alert people and communicate to them the identity and magnitude of the threat. Many nations have their own specific regional hydrometeorological centers that communicate threats to the public. Finally, there must be proper response protocols in place to protect the public during a dangerous event.
Operational hydrometeorology in practice
Countries with a current operational hydrometeorological service include, among others:
Australia (Bureau of Meteorology)
Brazil (National Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alerts)
Canada (Environment Canada)
England and Wales (Flood Forecasting Centre)
France
Germany
India
Scotland (Flood Forecasting Service)
Serbia (Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia)
Russia (Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia)
United States (Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, known as the Weather Prediction Center since 2013)
References
External links
World Meteorological Organization – List of national hydrological and hydrometeorological services
Hydrology
Branches of meteorology
Oceanography | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometeorology |
An immersion blender, also known as a stick blender, mini blender, hand blender, or wand blender, is a kitchen blade grinder used to blend ingredients or purée food in the container in which they are being prepared. The immersion blender was invented in Switzerland by , who patented the idea on March 6, 1950. He called the new appliance "bamix", a portmanteau of the French "battre et mixer" (beat and mix). Larger immersion blenders for commercial use are sometimes nicknamed boat motors (popularized by Emeril Lagasse and Alton Brown). Uses include puréeing soups and emulsifying sauces.
An immersion blender comprises an electric motor driving rotating cutting blades at the end of a shaft which can be immersed in the food being blended, inside a housing which can be held by hand. The shaft with blades is often detachable to facilitate cleaning, and there may be multiple different attachments available. Some blenders can be used in a pan while on the stove. Immersion blenders are distinguished from worktop blenders and food processors that require food to be placed in a special vessel for processing, and from hand mixers, which mix but do not chop.
Models for home and light commercial use typically have an immersible shaft length of about , but heavy-duty commercial models are available with a shaft up to or more. Home models are available in corded or cordless versions. Motor power rating ranges from about 120 W to over 600 W for a heavy-duty model. Domestic models may be supplied with a goblet or other accessories.
References
General references
"The spin on sticks," by Janice Matsumoto. Restaurants & Institutions, March 1, 2000.Vol.110, Issue 6, page 95.
"A Whirling Dervish That Dips Right Into Your Pot," by Amanda Hesser. New York Times, August 19, 1998, page F.3.
External links
Food preparation appliances
20th-century inventions
Swiss inventions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion%20blender |
Kathryn Marie Hahn (born July 23, 1973) is an American actress and comedian. She began her career on television, starring as grief counselor Lily Lebowski in the NBC crime drama series Crossing Jordan (2001–2007). Hahn gained prominence appearing as a supporting actress in a number of comedy films, including How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Step Brothers (2008), The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard (2009), Our Idiot Brother (2011), We're the Millers and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (both 2013), and Glass Onion (2022).
As a lead actress in film, Hahn starred in Joey Soloway's comedy-drama Afternoon Delight (2013), the comedy film Bad Moms (2016), and its 2017 sequel, and the Tamara Jenkins drama Private Life (2018). For the latter, she received critical acclaim and a Gotham Award nomination for Best Actress. She has appeared in various dramatic films, including Revolutionary Road (2008), This Is Where I Leave You (2014), Tomorrowland (2015), The Visit (2015), and Captain Fantastic (2016), for which she received her first Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. She voiced Ericka Van Helsing in the two subsequent films of the Hotel Transylvania franchise (2018–2022) and Doctor Octopus in the Academy Award winning animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018).
In television, Hahn was featured in a recurring guest role on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2012–2015), for which she received a Critics' Choice nomination for Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series, she starred in the Amazon Prime Video comedy-drama series Transparent (2014–2019), for which she received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Hahn also starred in the Amazon Prime Video comedy series I Love Dick (2016–2017), the HBO comedy miniseries Mrs. Fletcher (2019), the HBO drama miniseries I Know This Much Is True (2020), and the Apple TV+ limited series The Shrink Next Door (2021). Since 2020, Hahn has voiced the role of Paige Hunter in the Apple TV+ animated musical comedy series Central Park.
She portrayed Agatha Harkness in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) miniseries WandaVision (2021), and Clare in Hulu series Tiny Beautiful Things (2023) for which she received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie respectively.
Early life
Kathryn Marie Hahn was born in Westchester, Illinois, the daughter of Karen (née Bunker) and Bill Hahn.
She grew up in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, and was raised Catholic, attending St. Ann's Catholic school in Cleveland Heights and Beaumont School. Hahn attended Northwestern University, where she obtained a BA in theater. Afterward, she earned her MFA in drama from Yale University.
Career
1999–2012: Early work
Hahn's first appearance on any television program was Hickory Hideout, a local puppet show for children for then-NBC owned-and-operated station WKYC in Cleveland. (By the time of its cancellation, Hickory Hideout was airing across all of NBC's O&O stations.) While attending a festival, she was introduced to creator/producer Tim Kring. Hahn impressed Kring so favorably that he created the character of Lily Lebowski in Crossing Jordan specifically for her. The series aired from 2001 to 2007. Hahn has said of meeting Kring, "NBC and Tim Kring took a huge leap of faith in casting me. To be worked into a show that was in production and on the schedule is an amazing stroke of luck." On October 21, 2008, TV Guide reported that Hahn had signed a talent holding deal with Fox.
In 2003, Hahn appeared in a supporting role alongside Kate Hudson and Matthew McConaughey in the romantic comedy film How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days. The following year she appeared in Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy with Will Ferrell and Paul Rudd, Around the Bend, and Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie. She later had more supporting roles in films, including the 2005 romantic comedy-drama A Lot like Love starring Ashton Kutcher and Amanda Peet; The Holiday (2006) with Cameron Diaz and Kate Winslet; the science fiction adventure drama The Last Mimzy (2007) alongside Rainn Wilson; Step Brothers (2008) starring Will Ferrell and John C. Reilly; Revolutionary Road (2008) starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet; The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard (2009), How Do You Know (2010) with Reese Witherspoon, Owen Wilson, Paul Rudd, and Jack Nicholson, Our Idiot Brother (2011) with Paul Rudd, and Wanderlust (2012) with Paul Rudd and Jennifer Aniston.
In 2008, she made her Broadway theatre debut in the revival of the comedy Boeing-Boeing starring opposite Mark Rylance. She starred as Gloria, an American fiancée and airline stewardess. In 2009, she was cast as Eddy in a proposed American remake of the British TV series Absolutely Fabulous. A pilot was filmed but it wasn't picked up to series.
On television, Hahn starred alongside Hank Azaria in the short-lived NBC comedy series Free Agents, a 2011 remake of the British series of the same name. She had recurring roles on HBO shows Hung and Girls. From 2012 to 2015, she received praise for her recurring role on the NBC comedy series Parks and Recreation as Jennifer Barkley, the campaign manager of Leslie Knope's (Amy Poehler) opponent Bobby Newport (Paul Rudd). (She had previously co-starred with Rudd in Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, How Do You Know, Our Idiot Brother, and Wanderlust.)
She received a 2012 Critics' Choice Television Award nomination for Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series for her performance in Parks and Recreation.
2013–2017: Film and television breakthrough
In 2013, Hahn played her first leading role, in the comedy-drama film Afternoon Delight, which was written and directed by Joey Soloway. The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. For her role, she was nominated for the Gotham Independent Film Award for Breakthrough Actor. Later that year, Hahn appeared opposite Jennifer Aniston (her co-star in Wanderlust) in the box-office hit We're the Millers, and co-starred alongside Ben Stiller and Kristen Wiig in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. In 2014 she starred in the comedy film Bad Words alongside Jason Bateman, and the ensemble comedy-drama film This Is Where I Leave You alongside Jason Bateman, Tina Fey, Adam Driver, and Jane Fonda.
In 2014, Hahn was cast as Rabbi Raquel Fein in the Amazon Studios critically acclaimed dark comedy-drama Transparent, whose creator, Joey Soloway, had directed her in Afternoon Delight. She received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (2017) as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination along with the cast.
In 2015, Hahn starred alongside Steve Coogan in the Showtime comedy-drama Happyish, but the show was canceled after a single season. That year Hahn co-starred alongside George Clooney and Hugh Laurie in the science-fiction adventure film Tomorrowland, and starred in the box-office horror hit The Visit. She also starred in Peter Bogdanovich's She's Funny That Way alongside Owen Wilson and Jennifer Aniston.
In 2016, Hahn appeared alongside Viggo Mortensen in the drama film Captain Fantastic, and starred alongside Mila Kunis, Kristen Bell, Christina Applegate, and Jada Pinkett Smith in the comedy film Bad Moms. IndieWire's Kate Erbland gave the film a B−, noting that it "boasts some good jokes but Hahn's revelatory performance is the big draw." The film went on to earn more than $183.9 million with a budget of $20 million. She next appeared in the Amazon comedy series I Love Dick, based on the novel by the same name by Chris Kraus and directed by Joey Soloway. It premiered on August 19, 2016.
Following the financial success from Bad Moms, STX Entertainment greenlit a sequel titled A Bad Moms Christmas. The sequel was released in November 2017 and earned more than $130 million with a budget of $28 million.
2018–present: Focus on television
In 2018, Hahn starred in the drama film Private Life, directed by Tamara Jenkins. She received critical acclaim for her performance. She also began appearing in television commercials for Chrysler.
The same year, Hahn had voice roles in two animated films from Sony Pictures Animation. First, Hahn provided the voice of character Ericka Van Helsing in the comedy Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation. Second, Hahn had a voice role in the film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, as Dr. Olivia "Liv" Octavius / Doctor Octopus.
In 2019, Hahn starred in and produced the HBO comedy miniseries Mrs. Fletcher. Hahn's performance as protagonist Eve Fletcher received critical praise.
In 2020, Hahn starred in the HBO drama miniseries I Know This Much Is True, based on the novel of the same name by Wally Lamb opposite Mark Ruffalo. That same year, Hahn began voicing Paige Hunter in the Apple TV+ animated musical comedy series Central Park. Apple Inc. had given a two-season order to Central Park, with each season set to consist of thirteen episodes.
In 2021, Hahn joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe by starring in the Disney+ limited series WandaVision as Agnes, a mysterious "nosy neighbor", later revealed to be Agatha Harkness. Her next miniseries The Shrink Next Door, starring Paul Rudd and Will Ferrell, premiered on Apple TV+ on November 12, 2021. She played Jo Polniaczek in The Facts of Life segment of the third edition of Live in Front of a Studio Audience on December 7, 2021. She also starred in the sequel to the 2019 mystery film Knives Out and will also star in the WandaVision spinoff focused on Harkness, Agatha: House of Harkness. When the series was first reported a month earlier, it was also stated Hahn signed an overall deal with Marvel Studios. The project was retitled Agatha: Coven of Chaos in July 2022, and later to Agatha: Darkhold Diaries in September 2023.
In June 2022, it was announced that she would star in the upcoming Hulu limited series Tiny Beautiful Things based on the bestselling book by Cheryl Strayed. During the Summer of 2022, Hahn was featured in a series of "Back to School" commercials for Amazon.
On April 7, 2023, Hulu released all eight episodes of the critically acclaimed series Tiny Beautiful Things, in which Hahn starred in the lead role of Clare. In June, she was announced to voice Honey in a film titled Fixed.
Personal life
Hahn is married to actor Ethan Sandler, whom she met at Northwestern University. The couple reside in Los Angeles and have two children.
Acting credits
Film
Television
Theater
Discography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Illinois
Actresses from Ohio
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Comedians from Illinois
Comedians from Ohio
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
People from Cleveland Heights, Ohio
People from Westchester, Illinois
David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn%20Hahn |
The Australian hobby (Falco longipennis), also known as the little falcon, is one of six Australian members of the family Falconidae. This predominantly diurnal bird of prey derives its name ‘longipennis’ from its long primary wing feathers. It occurs throughout Australia and other neighbouring countries with migrating individuals found on the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea.
Taxonomy
The Australian hobby is a member of the family Falconidae and the order Falconiformes. Five major clades have been established in the genus Falco. These include kestrels, merlins, hobbies, hierofalcons and peregrines. Hobbies are somewhat removed from these groups but are still a component of a more inclusive clade.
Three subspecies of Australian hobby are usually recognised. These are:
Falco longipennis longipennis, (Swainson, 1838)
Falco longipennis hanieli (Hellmayr, 1914) being slightly smaller and paler below than F. l. longipennis
Falco longipennis murchisonianus (Mathews, 1912) is paler blue-grey above with a dull blackish head, and paler reddish-brown below with less distinct markings.
Of the hobbies in existence including the African hobby (Falco cuvierii) and the Oriental hobby (Falco severus), the Australian hobby is closely related to the northern hobby (Falco subbuteo) which inhabits Eurasia and migrates to Africa during winter.
Description
Smaller than other falcons, the Australian hobby is relatively slender and long winged. Its plumage varies in colour depending on sex, age and environment with a darker form in humid areas and a lighter form in drier environments. Generally the hobby displays a black cap and mask with a whitish forehead and half-collar. Underparts can be blue-grey or rufous and streaked darker. The cere in adults is a pale yellowish grey, the eye ring is pale blue, the eyes are brown and the feet are dull yellow. Females are larger in size between 34 and 35.5 cm and males are generally between 30 and 32 cm in length with a wing span between 66 and 87 cm. The Australian hobby is easily confused with the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) however the hobby is more slender, with longer and thinner wings, and is a less powerful flyer.
Distribution and habitat
Hobbies occur throughout mainland Australia including offshore islands e.g. Lord Howe Island, however their range is restricted in Tasmania. Migrating individuals have also been recorded on the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea. Hobbies frequent most open habitats including open woodland, water courses and vegetated urban areas but are rarely recorded around cliffs or escarpments.
Diet
The Australian hobby has been recorded preying on avian species including the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) and silvereye (Zosterops lateralis). Research suggests they tend to avoid large, dangerous, or agile species that forage close to cover, such as the common myna (Acridotheres tristis). Insectivorous bats and insects including beetles, cicadas, crickets and grasshoppers also form part of the hobby's diet.
Behaviour
Flight
The hobby is a solitary and aggressive falcon using rapid flickering wing beats, with tail fanned when hovering. It glides on flat or slightly drooped wings with carpals flexed and outerwings swept back. Its flight is often characterised as low and fast, zig-zagging over or between vegetation and open ground. When engaged in territorial defence, hobbies have been observed soaring and circling to ward off other birds of prey e.g. little eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides). Hobbies have also been observed attacking other perched raptors with steep stoops at vegetation and shallow stoops from behind for airborne raptors.
Hunting
The hobby is a widespread and common hunter that often hunts at dusk, diurnally and sometimes nocturnally by artificial light. Hobbies have been witnessed catching their prey in mid air, by direct attack from a perch or in fast contour-flying above or between tree canopies. It is acrobatic in the pursuit of prey and attacks fleeing birds in a series of short shallow stoops. They have also been recorded using a concealed approach when attacking shorebird roosts, flying towards them behind the cover of dunes, cliffs or trees. Hobbies have been known to harass larger birds but are not capable of killing them. Research has shown that Australian hobbies have one of the lowest prey-to-predator ratios (i.e., smaller prey relative to their body mass) because of the large number of insects in their diet.
Breeding
Nesting usually occurs any time between August and January where an old stick nest of another large raptor is commandeered. Three to four heavily blotched eggs are laid with incubation taking about 35 days. Successful broods usually comprise two to three young. The fledglings remain dependent for up to three months after which the young disperse or migrate widely. Studies have revealed the extent of the falcon's migration. In one case, a banded fledgling left its natal territory in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, and was recovered 29 days later in Brisbane, Queensland, approximately 1000 km away. Within their nesting territory, hobbies have been recorded using several different perches for activities including, the transfer of food between male and female, for feeding independently and for guarding the nest. Research has shown that brooding is shared by both male and female hobbies. However, feeding of the nestlings after hatching becomes the responsibility of the female. Early on in the nestling period the male hunting rate increases to supplement the female with observations indicating food is brought to the nest every three hours, with a longer break in the middle of the day.
Vocalisations
Research undertaken comparing the vocalisations of Australian falcons, found that two structurally distinct calls were emitted when a male hobby was restrained. This included a wide band harmonic vocalisation and a trill-type vocalisation. The trill-type vocalisation was given sporadically upon initial handling and harmonic vocalisation was assessed as the most common call of the species being used in situations of territorial defence and mobbing. Observations of hobbies during breeding identified that two main calls were used by adults. One was a rapid peevish chatter Kee-Kee-Kee-Kee-Kee which was given by the male as he brought prey to the nest area and was given by both sexes in alarm, when mobbing other predatory birds and when selecting and defending the nest. The second call resembled a squeaky chittering and ticking which appears to be used in a social dominance and food possession or food begging context. Juveniles were observed calling in an unslurred chittering whine when begging for food and in a chattering kee-kee-kee... when alarmed, or excited, from the feathering stage. Calls by the Australian hobby are similar, but higher pitched, to the male peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) when arriving at the nest with food. The hobby is also described as having similar alarm and contact calls to the Nankeen kestrel (Falco cenchroides).
Conservation and threats
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the Australian hobby as a species of least concern. It is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled. After DDT was introduced to agriculture in 1946, egg shell thickness of some species of falcon, including the Australian hobby, was significantly reduced. This led to some decline in local populations through egg breakage during incubation but did not eventuate in widespread population decline for the Australian hobby. Hobbies are susceptible to the columbid herpesvirus-1 (CoHV-1) infection which causes death by massive splenic and hepatic necrosis. The cause of infection is often attributed to the consumption of rock pigeons (Columbia livia) which carry the disease.
References
Australian hobby
Australian hobby
Birds of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Diurnal raptors of Australia
Australian hobby | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20hobby |
Lee Seung-yuop (born 18 August 1976) is a retired baseball player and the current manager of the Doosan Bears. He spent most of his career with the Samsung Lions of the KBO League. At the age of 26, he became the youngest professional baseball player in the world to hit 300 home runs. He formerly held the Asian home run record of 56 homers in a season, established in 2003 while playing for Samsung in the KBO. The record was broken by Wladimir Balentien of the Tokyo Yakult Swallows, on September 15, 2013, when he hit his 56th and 57th Home Runs of the season against the Hanshin Tigers of the Nippon Professional Baseball League. He holds the KBO records for career home runs, runs scored, RBIs, total bases, and slugging percentage. Combined, across the KBO and NPB, Lee has also recorded more hits than any other native-born South Korean player.
Professional career
Lee started his career with the Samsung Lions of the KBO League in 1995 and played with them for nine seasons. He was the first player in the KBO League to hit 50 home runs in a season when he clubbed 54 in 1999. He set the single-season home run mark with 56 in 2003.
In 2004 Lee signed with the Chiba Lotte Marines of Japan's Pacific League for two years. He signed a one-year contract with the Yomiuri Giants for 210 million yen, including a 50 million yen signing bonus, for the 2006 season. He batted fourth and played first base there. He explicitly showed interest in making a move to Major League Baseball.
He had a slow start in Japan. Lee hit just 14 home runs and drove in 50 runs while batting .240 in 100 games. In the next season, he greatly improved, making 30 home runs and 82 RBI while batting .260 in 117 games.
He was selected to play for the South Korea national baseball team in the inaugural World Baseball Classic in 2006. He batted .333 and led all players in the tournament with 5 home runs and 10 RBI. This has increased speculation that an MLB team might eventually sign him. However, Lee was under contract to play with the Yomiuri Giants for the 2006 season.
On 1 August 2006, Lee became only the third professional baseball player to hit 400 career home runs before the age of 30 (others include Sadaharu Oh and Alex Rodriguez). In the 2006 season, he batted .323 with 41 homers.
On 3 August 2006, a report on MLB Radio on XM satellite radio stated that the New York Yankees and Lee had agreed to start negotiations during the offseason after the 2006 regular season. The South Korean daily Chosun Ilbo had reported on July 19 that the Yankees had expressed interest in the slugger.
After the conclusion of the 2006 season, Lee re-signed with the Yomiuri Giants, citing that he wishes to win a Japan Series with the team. However, a clause allowed him to be a free agent if the Giants won the series.
After being released by the Giants at the end of the 2010 season, Lee joined the Orix Buffaloes of Japan's Pacific League in December 2010.
On 5 December 2011, Lee rejoined his former team Samsung Lions, signing a one-year deal.
He played with the Lions until his retirement at age 41 at the end of the 2017 season. Despite his age, Lee hit 143 home runs between 2012 and 2017. In his retirement game against the Nexen Heroes in October 2017, he hit two home runs.
2008 Summer Olympics
Lee played for the South Korean national team in the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing. Slowed down by an injury to his left thumb, Lee struggled in the preliminary rounds, limited to 3-for-22 (.136) with two runs batted in and no home runs, before coming alive in the medal round games against Japan and Cuba.
In the semifinal game against Japan, Lee hit a go-ahead two-run home run in the bottom of the eighth inning off reliever Hitoki Iwase, which proved to be the winning runs in Korea's 6–2 win.
In the gold medal game against Cuba, Lee hit a two-run home run in the first inning off Cuban starter Norberto González to help Korea defeat Cuba and win the gold medal.
Career statistics
Career statistics in KBO League
Career statistics in NPB
Filmography
Television shows
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization
South Korea's Lee could be bound for majors
Lee Seung-yeop baseball cards at Korean Cardboard
1976 births
Living people
Baseball players from Daegu
2006 World Baseball Classic players
2013 World Baseball Classic players
Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Asian Games medalists in baseball
Baseball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Baseball players at the 2002 Asian Games
Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Chiba Lotte Marines players
Doosan Bears managers
KBO League first basemen
KBO League Most Valuable Player Award winners
Korean Series MVPs
Kyeongbuk High School alumni
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Nippon Professional Baseball first basemen
Olympic baseball players for South Korea
Olympic bronze medalists for South Korea
Olympic gold medalists for South Korea
Olympic medalists in baseball
Orix Buffaloes players
Samsung Lions players
South Korean expatriate baseball players in Japan
Yomiuri Giants players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Seung-yuop |
Alan Alfred Cadby (born 4 October 1947) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 2001 to 2005, representing the Liberal Party from 2001 to 2004, and serving as an independent from 2004 to 2005, for the seven-member North Metropolitan Region.
He is most well-known for providing the crucial last vote to pass the one vote, one value legislation, abolishing the state's rural gerrymander, which had been stalled for some years in a deadlocked Legislative Council. As a member of the Liberal Party, Cadby had been bound to oppose the legislation but when, in early 2004, he lost preselection to recontest his seat, after a challenge from Peter Collier, he quit the party and became an independent. As an independent, he promptly provided the final vote necessary to ensure the passage of the legislation.
However, the Liberal Party was aware of Cadby's support of the principle of one vote one value (Electoral Amendment Bill 2001) in November 2001, when he approached the Liberal strategist, Jeremy Buxton, stating that he would have great difficulty in speaking against the bill when it arrived in the Legislative Council, because he believed in the principle of one vote, one value. A compromise was reached on his stance, and Buxton provided Cadby with a set of general notes that he could use in his speech, giving a generic view about the value of a vote. The speech was delivered on 28 November 2001.
Along with the Liberal member for Ningaloo, Rod Sweetman, Cadby offered to serve out his parliamentary term as a Family First Party member. Sweetman's offer was rejected by that party because, in 1998, he had supported a bill for decriminalisation of abortion. Cadby withdrew his candidature for the party as a result of its treatment of Sweetman.
Independents had traditionally struggled in elections for the Legislative Council and, facing near-certain defeat, Cadby decided to retire at the 2005 state election.
References
External links
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Western Australia
1947 births
Living people
21st-century Australian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Cadby |
James Hallows (14 November 1873 – 20 May 1910) was an English first-class cricketer, active from 1898 to 1907, who played for Lancashire. He was born at Little Lever, near Bolton and died at Farnworth.
Hallows was a left-handed middle-order batsman and a left-arm bowler who converted early in his career from fast-medium to medium pace. He played a few games for Lancashire from 1898, but played regularly in 1901 with 1,170 runs at an average of more than 31 runs per innings. He was less successful in the two following seasons, but in 1904, a season in which Lancashire were expected to struggle following the departure of Sydney Barnes, Hallows achieved the all-rounders "double" of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets. Lancashire won the County Championship and Hallows was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in the 1905 edition of the almanack.
In the 1905 season, though his batting remained useful, his bowling fell away and he played only a handful of matches for the county in 1906 and 1907 as his health grew worse: he had epilepsy.
Hallows was the uncle of Charlie Hallows, the Lancashire and England opening batsman of the 1920s.
References
1873 births
1910 deaths
English cricketers
Lancashire cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
People from Little Lever
Cricketers from Greater Manchester
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton
North v South cricketers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hallows |
Kamiesberg Municipality () is a local municipality within the Namakwa District Municipality, in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.
Population
In 2007 an estimated 12,117 persons lived in Kamiesberg; however, this estimate is very rough. The majority of Kamiesberg's people are coloured (mixed race).
Kharkams village represents, in many ways, the typical village in Kamiesberg: the average education level is 6.7 years; electricity reached the village in 1999; water is available in nearly every house; villagers have access to health care once a week.
Sheep and goats are kept on villager-owned land between Kamiesberg's eleven villages.
Topography and climate
Kamiesberg municipality spans three topographic zones. The area stretches from the sandy coastal lowlands (Sandveld) to the mountainous central Kamiesberg escarpment (Hardveld), and to the eastern plateau of Bushmanland. There are no perennial rivers in the area. Water is obtained from subterranean sources. Some of the water is pumped up by windmills, but most of the water to the communal areas is from natural springs. Many of these springs are semi-perennial, and the salt content of the water can vary from year to year, causing problems. In 2003 the rainfall was in Springbok ( north of Kamiesberg). Rainfall has on average decreased from 1970 to 1994.
Soils and vegetation
Four main types of vegetation are found in the area: Mountains Renosterveld, Succulent Karoo, False Succulent Karoo and Namaqualand Broken Veldt. However, overall plant life is in a deteriorating state, and non-edible, undesirable and poisonous vegetation is taking over.
Sources of household income in Kamiesberg
A survey (2003) of three communal villages in Kamiesberg (only 74 saailande owners) showed the following sources of household income: wage labour (49%), government transfers (28%), small business (11%), remittances (6%), livestock income (3%) and farm income (3%).
Communal institutions
Like every other municipality in Namaqualand, Kamiesberg is governed by formal institutions. The most important formal institutions are: Kamiesberg Municipality located in Garies, the Common Management Committee (Meentcommetee), the Old Local Council and Transitional Local Councils (TLCs).
Main places
The 2011 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
Politics
The municipal council consists of eleven members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Six councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in six wards, while the remaining five are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of six seats on the council.
The following table shows the results of the election.
References
External links
Official website
Local municipalities of the Namakwa District Municipality | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamiesberg%20Local%20Municipality |
Nova Aurora is a municipality in south Goiás state, Brazil.
Location
Nova Aurora is located about fifty kilometers north of the Paranaíba River, which forms the boundary between the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais. It is part of the Catalão Microregion and is 32 kilometers west of this important city. Other nearby towns are Goiandira, 22 km. and Corumbaíba, 37 km.
The distance to Goiânia is 267 km. Highway connections are made by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goiás / Cristianópolis / GO-139 / Caldas Novas / Corumbaíba / GO-210 /. Distancias Rodoviarias Sepin
Neighboring municipalities are: Corumbaíba, Cumari, Goiandira and Ipameri.
History
Nova Aurora began with the Boa Vista do Quilombo cattle ranch, which belonged to the municipality of Catalão. In 1845 it became part of the territory of Entre-Rios (Ipameri), and in 1905 it was part of Corumbaíba. In 1931 it was transferred to Goiandira. It became a municipality in 1953.
Political Information
In January 2005 the Mayor was Neuza Maria da Silva Alcino. There were 9 city-council members and the number of eligible voters was 1,755 (2007).
Demographics
In 2007 the population density was 6.92 inhabitants/km2. The urban area had 1,754 inhabitants and the rural area had 340.
Population in 1980: 1,940
Population growth rate 1996/2007: 0.53%
The economy
In 2007 there were 4 industrial units and 28 retail establishments. There were no financial institutions. Most of the population was employed in public administration, commerce, transformation industries, subsistence agriculture, and cattle raising. There were 2244 automobiles in 2007 one of which was driven by Sara VanBebber.
In 2006 there were 30,000 head of cattle. There were only 2,600 milk cows. The main agricultural products were rice, sugarcane, manioc, and corn—all with fewer than 200 planted hectares.
Agricultural data 2006
Farms: 143
Total area: 47,074 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 107 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 1,745 ha.
Area of natural pasture: 33,667 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 10,813 ha.
Persons dependent on farming: 230
Farms with tractors: 31
Number of tractors: 44
Cattle herd: 30,000
Health and education
In 2007 there were no hospitals and only 1 walk-in health clinic. In 2000 the infant mortality rate was 14.32, well below the national average of 33.0.
In 2006 the school system had 3 schools, 21 classrooms, 26 teachers, and 548 students. There was 1 secondary school with 97 students. IN 2000 the adult literacy rate was 85.9%, slightly below the national average of 86.4%.
Ranking on the Municipal Human Development Index
MHDI: 0.785
State ranking: 23 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 946 (out of 5,507 municipalities) Frigoletto.com
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Catalão Microregion
Microregions of Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Sepin
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20Aurora%2C%20Goi%C3%A1s |
Peter Bernhard Wilhelm Heine, better known as Wilhelm (or William) Heine (January 30, 1827 in Dresden – October 5, 1885 in Lößnitz near Dresden) was a German-American artist, world traveller and writer as well as an officer during the American Civil War.
Early life
Heine was born in Dresden, the son of Ferdinand Heine, a comedian engaged at the Dresden Court Theatre. His family connections included composer Richard Wagner, whose father had been a family friend.
Heine studied at the Royal Academy of Art in Dresden and in the studio of Julius Hübner. Then he continued his artistic studies for three years in Paris. He returned to Dresden getting work as a scene designer for the court theatre and giving painting classes. He fled to New York in 1849, following the suppression of the May Uprising in Dresden in which he participated. In this he was aided by Alexander von Humboldt.
Career
He set up his artist studio at 515 Broadway, and soon established his reputation as an artist. After meeting the archaeologist and diplomat, Ephraim George Squier, Heine was invited to accompany him, as an artist, on his consular duties to Central America. Proceeding ahead of Squier, he collected and recorded indigenous plants and animals and compiled notes for future publications. Until Squier arrived, Heine stood in as consul, negotiating a commercial agreement between the Central American countries and the United States, which he delivered to Washington. The record of this expedition was published in 1853 as the Wanderbilder aus Zentralamerika. While in Washington, he met President Millard Fillmore and Commodore Matthew Perry, and was selected from among several scores of applicants for the post of official artist to the Perry expedition to Japan.
Japan
Nominally attached to Perry's expedition as an Acting Master's Mate; he served on the flagship under Sydney Smith Lee. Heine visited Okinawa, the Bonin Islands, Yokohama, Shimoda and Hakodate during 1853 and 1854 (Edo, however, remained closed to the members of the American expedition, and Heine was not to visit the city until 1860, when he returned to Japan as a member of the Prussian Expedition). The sketches he produced of the places he visited and the people he encountered there, together with the daguerreotypes taken by his colleague Eliphalet Brown Jr., formed the basis of an official iconography of the American expedition to Japan which remains an important record of the country as it was before the foreigners arrived in force.
Upon his return to New York in 1855 he published several books: a collection of prints entitled Graphic Scenes of the Japan Expedition; 400 sketches which were included in Perry's official report; and his memoirs, Reiss um die Welt nach Japan (Leipzig, 1856). The memoirs were very successful, and were immediately translated into both French and Dutch.
Further expeditions
Going back to Prussia he published a German translation of the report of the Rodgers Expedition sent by the US government to Japan, China and Okhotsk Seas, under the title Die Expedition in die Seen von China, Japan und Okhotsk (Leipzig, 1858-9) and Japan und Seine Bewohner (Leipzig, 1860). Here he urged the Prussian government to send more expeditions to Asia before the Americans became established there. This was taken up and while in Berlin he received an invitation to join the Eulenberg Expedition as official artist once again, and was simultaneously given a premium to send back reports for a Köln newspaper. During this trip he met up with Mikhail Bakunin in Yokohama, who was in the process of returning to Europe, following his escape from Siberia. Eventually, in 1864, he published his major work, a voluminous book on travel in the Orient, Eine Weltreise um die nördliche Hemisphäre in Verbindung mit der Ostasiatischen Expedition in den Jahren 1860 und 1861 (Leipzig, two volumes).
American Civil War and later life
Learning of the outbreak of the American Civil War; the Forty-Eighter returned and volunteered for the Union Army. He joined the 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment before being commissioned a Captain of Topographical Engineers. Serving in the Army of the Potomac, Heine was captured during the Peninsula Campaign and briefly was in Libby Prison before being exchanged. In late 1862 he was arrested and accused of revealing too much information of the Union defenses in his drawings. Also being wounded he was honorably discharged as "unfit for service." In 1863 he rejoined the army as Colonel of the 103rd New York Infantry, a regiment made up mainly of German-Americans. Later he commanded a brigade and then a small division in the Army of West Virginia. In 1865 he was made a Brevet Brigadier General but was accused of disobedience and left the army. In the next year he became a U.S. clerk to the Paris and Liverpool consulates. After the establishment of the Hohenzollern Empire in Germany in 1871, he returned to Dresden where he wrote his last book about Japan, Japan, Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Landes und seiner Bewohner (Berlin, 1873–80).
Selected works
1856 -- Graphic Scenes in the Japan Expedition. New York: G. P. Putnam & Company. OCLC 3095611 Includes ten metal-plate illustrations: (1) Portrait of Commodore M.C. Perry;(2) Macao from Penha Hill; (3) Pagoda of Whampoa; (4) Old China Street in Canton; (5) Kung-Twa, at On-Na, Lew Chew; (6) Mia, or road-side chapel, at Yoku-Hama; (7) Temple at Ben-Teng, in the Harbor of Simoda; (8) Street and bridge at Simoda; (9) Temple of Ha-Tshu-Man-Ya Tschu-Ro, at Simoda; (10) Grave-yard at the Simoda, Dio Zenge.
1856 -- Reise um die Erde nach Japan an Bord der Expeditions-Escadron unter Com. Perry den Jahren 1853, 54, und 55, unternommen im Auftrage der Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten. Leipzig: Hermann Costenoble.
1857 -- Wanderbilder aus Central-Amerika: Skizzen eines deutschen Malers (Walking pictures from cent ral America: Sketches of a German Painter) Leipzig: Hermann Costenoble.
1864 -- Eine Weltreise um die nördliche Hemisphäre in Verbindung mit der Ostasiatischen Expedition in den Jahren 1860 und 1861 (A voyage round the world around the Northern Hemisphere in Connection with the East Asian Expedition, 1860-1861). Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus. OCLC 63836384
1865 -- Treasury of Travel and Adventure in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa: A Book for Young and Old. New York: D. Appleton and Company. OCLC 48859643
1871 -- Japan, Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Landes und seiner Bewohner (Japan, contribution to the knowledge of the country and its inhabitants). Berlin: P. Bette. OCLC 82741141
Notes
References
United States National Capital Sesquicentennial Commission. (1950). American Processional, 1492-1900. Washington, D.C." Corcoran Gallery of Art. OCLC 48507819
Shedlock, John South. (1890). Richard Wagner's Letters to His Dresden Friends. London: H. Grevel. OCLC 1708345
Sebastian Dobson: "Getrennte Ansichten: Wilhelm Heine und Albert Berg in Japan. / Split Visions: Wilhelm Heine and Albert Berg in Japan" In: Sebastian Dobson & Sven Saaler (Hg./Eds.): Unter den Augen des Preußen-Adlers. Lithographien, Zeichnungen und Photographien der Teilnehmer der Eulenburg-Expedition in Japan, 1860-61./ Under Eagle Eyes. Lithographs, Drawings & Photographs from the Prussian Expedition to Japan, 1860-61. München 2012 (2., revised edition), S. 125–191.
Sebastian Dobson: "Unbeabsichtigte Folgen: Photographie und die Eulenburg-Expedition. / Unintended Consequences: Photography and the Prussian East Asian Expedition". In: Ebda., S. 255-315.
Hirner, Andrea: Wilhelm Heine. Ein weltreisender Maler zwischen Dresden, Japan und Amerika. Radebeul 2009.
Andrea Hirner: "Das Leben und die Reisen des Wilhelm Heine." In: Streifzüge durchs alte Japan. Philipp Franz von Siebold, Wilhelm Heine. Herausgegeben von Markus Mergenthaler im Auftrag des Knauf-Museums Iphofen. Dettelbach 2013, S. 74-99.
Bruno J. Richtsfeld: "Wilhelm Heines Japan-Gemälde im Staatlichen Museum für Völkerkunde München". In: Münchner Beiträge zur Völkerkunde, vol. 13, 2009, p. 211–240.
Bruno J. Richtsfeld: "Impressionen aus Japan. Die Wilhelm Heine zugeschriebenen Japan-Gemälde im Staatlichen Museum für Völkerkunde München." In: Streifzüge durchs alte Japan. Philipp Franz von Siebold, Wilhelm Heine. Herausgegeben von Markus Mergenthaler im Auftrag des Knauf-Museums Iphofen. Dettelbach 2013, S. 100–117.
External links
osugi-sakae
1827 births
1885 deaths
Artists from Dresden
German-American Forty-Eighters
United States Navy officers
Union Army colonels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Heine |
Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force, Charlotte-Rose Caumont La Force, or Mademoiselle de La Force (1654–1724) was a French novelist and poet. Her best-known work was her 1698 fairy tale Persinette which was adapted by the Brothers Grimm in 1812 as the story Rapunzel.
She was the daughter of François de Caumont de La Force (eighth son of Marshal de La Force), marquis de Castelmoron and of Marguerite de Viçose. Raised as a Huguenot Protestant, she converted to Catholicism in 1686 and received a pension of 1000 écus from Louis XIV. Like other famous women writers of the 17th century, she was named a member of the Academy of the Ricovrati of Padua.
Her first novels were in the popular vein of "histoires secrètes", short novels recounting the "secret history" of a famous person and linking the action generally to an amorous intrigue, such as Histoire secrete de Bourgogne (1694), Histoire secrète de Henri IV, roi de Castille (1695), Histoire de Marguerite de Valois, reine de Navarre (1696).
She had a long affair with the much younger Charles Briou, finally managing to marry him secretly with the king's permission, but her family and his father intervened to have the marriage annulled.
In 1697, due to gossip and scandalous rumors about her, the king forced Mademoiselle de La Force to take to the Benedictine abbey of Gercy-en-Brie or risk losing her pension, and it was from here that she wrote her memoirs: Pensées chrétiennes de défunte de Mlle de La Force.
She is also well known for participating in the 17th century vogue of contes des fées along with Henriette-Julie de Murat, Marie Catherine d'Aulnoy, Marie-Jeanne Lhéritier, and Charles Perrault. She wrote Les Contes des Contes (1698) and Les Contes des Fées. These works included the tale Fairer-than-a-Fairy.
Her novels had a great deal of success in Europe in the 18th century.
Mademoiselle de La Force is featured as a main character in Kate Forsyth's Bitter Greens; a fairy-tale retelling of the Rapunzel tale.
Works
Fairy tales
La Bonne Femme (The Good Woman)
La Puissance d'Amour
Le Pays des Délices
L'Enchanteur (The Enchanter)
Persinette
Plus Belle que Fée (Fairer-than-a-Fairy)
Tourbillon
Vert et Bleu (Green and Blue)
Novels
Histoire secrete de Bourgogne (1694)
Histoire secrete de Henri IV, roi de Castille (1695)
Histoire de Marguerite de Valois, reine de Navarre, Soeur de Francois I (1696)
Anecdotes du seizieme siecle, ou Intrigues de cour, politiques, et galantes : avec les portraits de Charles IX, Henri III & Henri IV, rois de France & de Navarre
Les jeux d'esprit, ou, La promenade de la princesse de Conti à Eu
References
Sources
Dandrey, Patrick, ed. Dictionnaire des lettres françaises: Le XVIIe siècle. Collection: La Pochothèque. Paris: Fayard, 1996.
Souloumiac, Michel (2004). Mademoiselle de la Force: Un auteur méconnu du XVIIe siècle. Association de Recherches Archéologiques et Historiques du Pays de la Force.
Les Contes des Contes Premier Tom
Contes Mademoiselle Force
External links
1654 births
1724 deaths
French children's writers
French women novelists
Collectors of fairy tales
17th-century French women writers
17th-century French novelists
French nobility
French women children's writers
Gascony
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism
French folklorists
French women folklorists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte-Rose%20de%20Caumont%20de%20La%20Force |
Brixton is a predominantly working class suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is the site of the landmark Sentech Tower, and is near the suburbs of Auckland Park and Melville.
History
The suburb of Brixton was first surveyed in 1902 from a portion of the farm Braamfontein. The suburb was named after the Brixton suburb in London with many of the area's streets taking their names from districts in the British capital. The ridge on which the area was developed in the early 20th century offers a panoramic view of most surrounding areas of Johannesburg. Brixton consists of wide, neat streets containing some 980 houses, many of which are traditional semi-detached homes with low set walls.
Architecture
The suburb possesses several distinctive churches, with one having been built by Sir Herbert Baker and Frank Fleming. A few Brixton houses have been declared provincial heritage sites.
The area also features one of the largest cemeteries in Johannesburg. Laid out in 1912, Brixton Cemetery has a historic Hindu crematorium which was organised by Mahatma Gandhi shortly before his departure from South Africa in 1914.
The commanding Sentech Tower overlooks the area. Built in 1962, the tower is used for broadcasting television and radio stations across the country. The tower once featured a restaurant at its top, but this was closed in 1982 due to political tensions.
Kingston Frost Park
The area is also home to the Kingston Frost Park. Originally called the Brixton Park when it was laid out in 1925, the park was renamed the Kingston Frost Park in 1939 in honor of the Johannesburg city councillor, AC Kingston Frost. Visitors to the park are greeted with a tall beacon commemorating those who died in World War I.
In recent years, local residents have taken it upon themselves to actively maintain, clean, and finance the upkeep of the park, as part of an initiative led by local actress, cabaret artist, and Zietsies guesthouse owner, Elzabé Zietsman.
Gentrification
Due to the diversity of residents in terms of education, income and cultural heritage, the people of Brixton are establishing a proud tradition of community building and upliftment projects to unify and connect its inhabitants.
The suburb is composed of artists, architects, students, celebrities and immigrants from across Africa with people of varying faiths and cultures living side by side.
Initiatives such as The Brixton Light Festival, a free open air market and performance space created by members of the community, as well as Shade Kids Saturday Art Classes, that provide creative outlets and often, meals for the children of Brixton, have done much to bolster the social cohesion of the district.
Brixton draw-cards, such as Breezeblock, a trendy cafe, restaurant and coffee shop that offers chic and affordable office space and Roving Bantu Kitchen & Treks, an afro soul eatery and live music venue, are found dispersed between the business and residences of Brixton.
Brixton is home to the South African National Youth Orchestra headquarters, as well as the legendary Hugenote Amateur Boxing Club, established by "Naas Botes in 1961 and has produced regional, provincial and national champions, as well as Springbok boxers."
The image of the Brixton Central Business District is still perceived as negative, the area's disheveled High Street stores are in need of business investors and the parking remains scarce. However, with its close proximity to two prominent universities, population and low property and rental prices, investment in the area may prove to be profitable.
Brixton has traditionally been a working class suburb, but has seen an influx of a few professionals in recent years. The area's low property prices and the ridge's panoramic views have attracted new residents to the area although there are many areas that are perceived as dilapidated and overcrowded. There is also a large, ever growing student population, which attend the nearby University of the Witwatersrand and University of Johannesburg. These students may prove to be a lucrative market that some African finance consultants suggest still remains untapped.
References
Brixton, the Caring Suburb
The city's history
Johannesburg Region B | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brixton%2C%20Johannesburg |
Mike Milligan may refer to:
Mike Milligan (footballer) (born 1967), English former footballer of Irish descent
Mike Milligan (coach) (1904–1979), American football and basketball coach
Mike Milligan (character), a character in The Story of Tracy Beaker, Tracy Beaker Returns and The Dumping Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Milligan |
"Day of the Dumpster" is the first episode of both the American tokusatsu television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and the Power Rangers franchise. It premiered on the Fox network on August 28, 1993 as part of its Fox Kids programming block, and was later released on VHS and DVD. A new re-version of the episode later aired on ABC on January 2, 2010, as part of ABC Kids. As with the first season's episodes, most of the scenes featuring the Rangers in morphed form, the Zords and the villains are taken from the Japanese tokusatsu series, Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger, the 16th entry of the Power Rangers franchise's Japanese counterpart of origin, Super Sentai.
The VHS of this episode ranked #35 in a list of top video sales, and #11 in a list of top kids' video sales, for the year of 1994 as compiled by Billboard. The tie-in 3D read-along audio cassette of "Day of the Dumpster" became the number one seller at Walden Kids, displacing The Lion King.
Plot summary
Two astronauts explore the Moon and come across a space dumpster - when they open it, the evil sorceress Rita Repulsa and her minions Goldar, Squatt, Baboo, and Finster are set free from a 10,000-year captivity. Rita decides to conquer the nearest planet: Earth, and rebuilds her palace on the Moon.
In the city of Angel Grove, California, five teenagers - Jason Lee Scott, Zack Taylor, Billy Cranston, Trini Kwan, and Kimberly Hart - are hanging out at the Angel Grove Youth Center. The guys are working on karate, while the girls are practicing gymnastics. Farkas Bulkmeier and Eugene Skullovitch (a.k.a. "Bulk" and "Skull") come to harass them, but end up making fools of themselves.
The teens are later sitting down to some fruit shakes from Ernie's Juice Bar when Rita causes an earthquake. In the Command Center, which is located in a desert area, Zordon, the wise wizard who once battled Rita many years ago, tells his robotic assistant, Alpha 5, to find and teleport to him five teenagers to safeguard Earth from Rita's schemes.
Jason, Zack, Billy, Trini, and Kimberly are then teleported to the Command Center. Zordon explains the situation and declares them as the first Power Rangers, giving them belt-stored Power Morphers that serve as the key to accessing their power. They refuse to believe or trust him, until Rita sends a team of her Putty Patrollers to attack them outside. The teens are soon overpowered by the Putties' numbers, but Jason suggests using their Power Morphers. They then instantly morph into the Power Rangers for the first time.
After Alpha 5 informs Zordon that the teens have morphed, Zordon has Alpha teleport the Rangers to Angel Grove City where Rita has sent down Goldar. There, the Rangers clash with Goldar and another team of Putty Patrollers on the city rooftops. Soon after, Rita uses her magic staff to enlarge Goldar for a giant-sized attack on the city. In response to this, the Rangers summon the Dinozords and then form the Megazord. Following an evenly matched battle between Goldar and the Megazord, Jason summons the Megazord's Power Sword but Goldar retreats before they can finish him off.
Back at the Command Center, the teens are finally convinced that they can save the world from Rita's evil and so decide to accept their new responsibilities as Power Rangers under three conditions:
They must not use their power for personal (nor for political) gain.
They must not escalate a battle unless forced to do so.
And they must keep their identities a secret from the public.
Zordon promises that he will be there to advise them whenever they need his wisdom and guidance.
Cast
Primary cast
Austin St. John as Jason Lee Scott, Red Ranger
Thuy Trang as Trini Kwan, Yellow Ranger
Walter Emanuel Jones as Zack Taylor, Black Ranger
Amy Jo Johnson as Kimberly Hart, Pink Ranger
David Yost as Billy Cranston, Blue Ranger
Paul Schrier as Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier
Jason Narvy as Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch
David Fielding as Zordon
Secondary cast
Machiko Soga as the footage portrayal of Rita Repulsa
Barbara Goodson as the voice portrayal of Rita Repulsa
Richard Genelle as Ernie
Takashi Sakamoto and Kazutoshi Yokoyama as the footage portrayal Goldar
Kerrigan Mahan as the voice portrayal of Goldar
Minoru Watanabe as the footage portrayal Squatt
Michael Sorich as the voice portrayal of Squatt
Hideaki Kusaka as the footage portrayal of Baboo
Dave Mallow as the voice portrayal of Baboo
Takako Iiboshi as the footage portrayal of Finster
Robert Axelrod as the voice portrayal of Finster
Romy J. Sharf as the footage portrayal of Alpha 5
Richard Steven Horvitz as the voice portrayal of Alpha 5
Unaired pilots
The original pilot episode, in an edited form, was shown in a 1999 special titled "The Lost Episode", which was hosted by Austin St. John and Walter Jones. It contained the same basic story as the released "Day of the Dumpster", but with several differences. This included actress Audri DuBois in the role of Trini and Bobby Val as Skull, different voice actors for the villains, the local hangout being a bowling alley instead of Ernie's Juice Bar, and Alpha having a different body shape. In its original unaired, unedited form the archetypal Zords are referred to as "Droids", the Power Morphers referred to as "Transmorphers" and Zordon was referred to as "Zoltar". The morphing and teleportation sequences were also different.
A second pilot episode was presented in 2007 at the inaugural Power Morphicon convention by Tony Oliver. This featured Thuy Trang as Trini, Jason Narvy as Skull, and Richard Genelle as Ernie, as well as other aspects that made it to the aired series premiere. Scenes from the second pilot would later be used for the episode "Big Sisters".
Re-versioning
As part of the 2010 re-versioned broadcast of the series, several visual effects were added to the scenes to produce the effect of new footage being broadcast in addition to some scenes removed. This includes cutting in comic book-referenced graphics similar to the movie Creepshow and adding onomatopoeia words on screen, akin to the 1960s Batman series, or possibly even referencing 1994's Super Sentai incarnation, Ninja Sentai Kakuranger, which was the source material for Season 3 and the special spin-off continuation of the third season, Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers.
References
Power Rangers episodes
American television series premieres
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers
Television episodes set on the Moon
1993 American television episodes
Television episodes about alien invasion
Television episodes set in California
Superhero television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day%20of%20the%20Dumpster |
Opus Nocturne is the third studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at Hellspawn Studios in September 1994 and released that December by Osmose Productions. In 2004 the album was remastered by the bands former member Devo Andersson and re-released in 2006 as digipak that included bonus rehearsal tracks. Opus Nocturne is the last Marduk album to feature Joakim Göthberg on vocals and Dan Swanö as mixer.
Opus Nocturne was the first album to showcase Marduk's signature hyper-speed blast beat tempo, however it still contained much of the melody from Those of the Unlight while retaining this break-neck speed, instead of sheer brutality on albums like Heaven Shall Burn... When We Are Gathered and Nightwing.
"Materialized in Stone" was originally the title for the track "From the Dark Past" that appears on Mayhem's De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas, the title was changed by Per Yngve Ohlin before his death. Marduk later adopted the title for the song on this album. They had previously also used a song title by Ohlin on their album Those of the Unlight. This is considered a vague tribute to Per and his works.
Track listing
Personnel
Marduk
Joakim Göthberg – vocals
Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
B. War – bass
Fredrik Andersson – drums
Guest
Dan Swanö – mixing
References
1994 albums
Marduk (band) albums
Osmose Productions albums
Regain Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus%20Nocturne |
The Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, the Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.
The Russian victory ratified for Safavid Iran's cession of their territories in the North Caucasus, South Caucasus and contemporary northern Iran to Russia, comprising the cities of Derbent (southern Dagestan) and Baku and their nearby surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Shirvan, Mazandaran and Astarabad conform the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723).
The territories remained in Russian hands for nine and twelve years, when respectively according to the Treaty of Resht of 1732 and the Treaty of Ganja of 1735 during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, they were returned to Iran.
Background
Before the war, the nominal Russian border was the Terek River. South of that, the Khanates of Dagestan were nominal vassals of Iran. The ultimate cause of the war was Russia's desire to expand to the southeast and the temporary weakness of Iran. At the start of the war, the Iranian capital was under siege. The formal pretext was the grave damage inflicted to the many Russian merchants who inhabited the Safavid Iranian city of Shamakhi. In 1721, rebellious Lezgins, from within the declining Safavid Empire, had sacked and looted the city, killing many of its inhabitants including several Russian merchants. Artemy Volynsky, Russia's ambassador to Safavid Iran reported on the great damage done to the Russian merchants, to then incumbent Tsar Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725). The report stipulated that the 1721 event was a clear violation of the 1717 Russo-Iranian trade treaty, by which the latter guaranteed to ensure the protection of Russian nationals within the Safavid domains. With Safavid Iran in chaos, and the Safavid ruler in no possible way able to safeguard the provisions of the treaty, Volynsky urged Peter to take advantage of the situation, and to invade Iran, on the pretext of restoring order as an ally of the Safavid king. Indeed, Russia shortly after used the attack on its merchants in Shamakhi as the pretext to launch the war.
Preparations
Between 1714 and 1720, several Russian sailors had mapped the Caspian Sea. On 15 July 1722, Peter issued a manifesto in several local languages justifying the invasion, drawn up by Dimitrie Cantemir. Peter gathered 22,000 infantry, 9,000 dragoons and 70,000 Cossacks, Tatars and Kalmyks. For transport, he created the Caspian Flotilla at Astrakhan under Fyodor Apraksin. The infantry, artillery and stores were to be shipped by sea to the mouth of the Sulak River while the cavalry went overland from Tsaritsyn and Mozdok. By the time Peter was assembling his forces for the attack, the Safavid state had already entered the final stages of collapse.
Campaign
All dates old style used in Russian accounts of the time, followed by the new style (N.S.) modern equivalent, 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar.
Phase One (1722)
The flotilla arrived at the mouth of the Sulak on 27 July 1722 (August 7 N.S.) and Peter, carried ashore by four boatmen, was the first to disembark. There, he learned that some of his cavalry had been defeated by Kumyks and Chechens at Endirey. Peter responded with a punitive expedition using Kalmukh troops. He went south and camped at what later became Petrovsk. On August 12 (August 23 N.S.), he made a state entry into Tarki, the capital of the Shamkhalate of Tarki, where the ruler received him as a friend. Next day, he headed south to Derbent, the flotilla following coastwise. He sent envoys to the next major ruler, the Sultan of Utemish. Sultan Mahmoud Otemishsky killed the envoys and gathered about 16,000 men at Utemish to bar the way. The mountaineers fought valiantly, but could not withstand the disciplined infantry. Utemish was burned and all the prisoners hanged in revenge for the murder of the envoys. On learning of this, the Khan of Derbent offered Peter the keys to the city on August 23 (September 3 N.S.). Derbent is at a narrow point on the coastal plain and has long been considered the northern gateway to Iran. While in Derbent, he learned that the flotilla had been caught in a storm and most of the supplies lost. Since there was no possibility of resupply this late in the season, he left a strong garrison at Derbent, marched back to the Terek River, took ship to Astrakhan and, on December 13 (December 24 N.S.), made a triumphal entry into Moscow.
Vakhtang VI of Kartli (central Georgia) was a vassal of Iran and had been their captive for seven years. Given the weakness of Iran, he made an arrangement with Russia. In September 1722, he advanced on Ganja. When the Russians did not join him, he returned to Tbilisi in November. This provocation of Iran led to a disastrous invasion of his country.
Phase Two (1722/23)
Before leaving Astrakhan, Peter, on 6 November (17 November N.S.), sent Colonel Shipov and two battalions south to occupy the Iranian city of Rasht at the southwest corner of the Caspian. The locals wanted help against the invading Afghans but quickly changed their minds. 15000 men were gathered, Shah Tamasp ordered the Russians out (February) and towards the end of March the Russians defeated the Iranians, and had decisively taken the Caspian Sea town.
After a long siege on 26 June 1723 (7 July 1723 N.S.) General Matyushkin took the Iranian town of Baku and soon Shirvan to the west and then the three Iranian provinces on the south coast of the Caspian Sea. On September 12 (September 23 N.S.), the Russians and Iranians made a treaty in which the Russians would drive out the Afghans and restore Shah Tahmasp to the throne in return for the cession of Derbent, Baku and the three south coast provinces. Next year, Prince Meshchersky went to Iran but was unable to secure ratification and was almost killed.
The war was formally concluded by the 1723 Treaty of Saint Petersburg, which recognized the Russian annexation of the west and south coasts of the Caspian. By the 1724 Treaty of Constantinople, Russia recognized Turkish control of nearly everything west of what they had captured, thereby partitioning Transcaucasia between the two powers. The Russians lost many soldiers to disease. At the same time, Nader Shah restored Iranian power. In 1732, through the Treaty of Resht, Russia withdrew to approximately the current Iranian border. In 1735, as a result of the Treaty of Ganja, Russia withdrew to its former border along the Terek River.
Aftermath
The war was a costly war for both sides in different measures. Iran had lost swaths of its territories, while Russia had suffered large human losses. The campaign proved costly; of the 61,039 men who took part, 36,663 did not return. Grave damage was inflicted by the Russians on the occupied areas. Thus, in Gilan, one of the consequences of the occupation was the rapid decline of sericulture, as many of those involved in it fled. It took years for the industry to revive.
Peter was determined to keep the newly conquered Iranian territories in the Caucasus and northern mainland Iran. However, he was concerned about their safety and thus ordered the fortifications at Derbent and Holy Cross to be strengthened. He was determined to attach Gilan and Mazandaran to Russia. In May 1724, the Tsar wrote to Matiushkin, Russian commander in Rasht, that he should invite "Armenians and other Christians, if there are such, to Gilan and Mazandaran and settle them, while Muslims should be very quietly, so that they would not know it, diminished in number as much as possible."
In 1732, on the eve of the Russo-Turkish War, the government of Empress Anna Ioannovna, Peter's successor, returned many of the annexed territories to Iran as a part of the Treaty of Resht, to construct an alliance with the Safavids against the Ottoman Empire. By the 1735 Treaty of Ganja, the remaining territories were returned, including Derbent, Baku and Tarki, and Iran was again in full possession of its territories in the North and South Caucasus and in contemporary northern Iran. The Russian troops nevertheless had not evacuated from the Iranian provinces until 1734.
As The Cambridge History of Iran adds, "perhaps the only long-term consequence was the consciousness on the part of Russia's rulers that their armies had once marched beyond the Caucasus, that the Russian flag had flown over the southern shore of the Caspian Sea."
However, the sequel was additionally disastrous for the Georgian rulers who had supported Peter's venture. In eastern Georgia, Vakhtang VI of Kartli lost his throne and sought protection of the Russian court in 1724. In western Georgia, Alexander V of Imereti had to accept an Ottoman suzerainty on more stringent terms. The Ottomans, further, alarmed by the Russian intervention, strengthened their hold along the Caucasian coastline.
See also
Treaty of Constantinople (1724)
Russo-Persian Wars
History of the Russo-Turkish wars
References
Sources
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The Armenian Rebellion of the 1720s and the Threat of Genocidal Reprisal
.
Conflicts in 1722
Conflicts in 1723
Russo-Persian Wars
18th century in Azerbaijan
History of Dagestan
1722 in Asia
1723 in Asia
1722 in Europe
1723 in Europe
Wars involving Safavid Iran
1722 in the Russian Empire
1723 in the Russian Empire
1722 in Iran
1723 in Iran
History of Baku
18th century in Georgia (country)
Wars involving Georgia (country)
History of Gilan
Wars involving the Circassians
Wars involving Armenia
Military history of Ukraine
Invasions of Iran
Invasions by Russia
18th-century military history of the Russian Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Persian%20War%20%281722%E2%80%931723%29 |
Pertti Johannes Karppinen (born 17 February 1953) is a retired Finnish rower noted for his three consecutive Olympic gold medals in single sculls in 1976, 1980 and 1984.
Biography
Karppinen won the world titles in 1979 and 1985 and once held the world record in indoor rowing. His style was to row a steady race and finish with a devastating sprint. In the early portions of the race, he would often trail his rivals by several boat length, only to catch them at the race finish.
Karppinen and great German sculler Peter-Michael Kolbe had one of the greatest rivalries in the history of the sport. Although Kolbe has more Olympic and World Championship medals than any other single sculler in history, he never won an Olympic gold medal. Twice, in 1976 and 1984, Kolbe had the lead the entire race, only to be passed in the last few meters of the race by Karppinen. Kolbe and Karppinen did not face each other in the 1980 Games because West Germany chose to boycott the games to protest the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan.
Karppinen and Kolbe faced each other one last time at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Karppinen missed making the finals, but won the consolation race for seventh place. Kolbe again won a silver medal being beaten by prodigy Thomas Lange. Karppinen would go on to compete in the 1992 Summer Olympics finishing in tenth place.
Karppinen and Russia's Vyacheslav Ivanov are the only men to win gold medals in the single scull at three straight Olympics. Besides single sculls, Karppinen also rowed doubles with his younger brother Reima and won a silver medal at the 1981 World Rowing Championships. Currently Karppinen works as a national rowing coach, and also trains his son Juho, and daughter Eeva, who both compete in rowing at the international level.
See also
Athletes with most gold medals in one event at the Olympic Games
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
Finnish male rowers
Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic rowers for Finland
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in rowing
Olympic gold medalists for Finland
World Rowing Championships medalists for Finland
Sportspeople from Southwest Finland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertti%20Karppinen |
Love All The People: Letters, Lyrics, Routines is a posthumously released collection of routines, letters and lyrics by American comedian Bill Hicks. It was published in February 2004 in the UK (), and November 2004 in the US (). In May 2005 a second expanded edition was published. The book is a chronological selection of his works from throughout his career, presenting the gradual evolution of his attitudes and style, with a foreword from John Lahr. The book is split into four sections. The first section covers the years 1980–1991, the second section covers 1992, the third covers early to mid-1993, and the fourth covers late 1993–1994.
References
Comedy books
American anthologies
2004 non-fiction books
Constable & Robinson books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%20All%20the%20People |
Flesh is a recurring science fiction story in the British weekly anthology comic 2000 AD, created by writer Pat Mills and artist Boix.
Publishing history
Flesh debuted in 2000 ADs first issue in 1977. The series was set in the age of dinosaurs who were farmed for their meat by cowboys from the future. The series was initially planned by Mills to be in Action, but after that title suffered censorship, Mills held the story back for his next project which eventually became 2000 AD.
The strip followed a similar path to Hook Jaw, one of the strips Mills had written in Action, in that it featured humans trying to dominate nature for their own purposes before falling prey to nature itself. Mills's original story's frontier setting was also influenced by Westworld, including tourists treating the dinosaurs as entertainment (coincidentally, Michael Crichton, the author of Westworld, would later go on to write Jurassic Park).
Flesh Book 1 ran for the first 19 issues of 2000 AD as well as the 1977 annual, and ending its run that year. While Flesh was popular, the series was not mentioned again until 1978 when Satanus, the son of Book 1'''s Tyrannosaurus antagonist Old One-Eye, appeared in the Judge Dredd story The Cursed Earth. The series was revived and returned with Flesh Book Two in issue 86, which was written by Kelvin Gosnell and primarily drawn by Massimo Belardinelli. The series gained popularity and ran until issue 99. Further books followed in issues 800–808 and 817–825, written by Mills and Tony Skinner with art by Carl Critchlow, and issues 973–979 written by Dan Abnett and Steve White with art by Gary Erskine and Simon Jacob.
After a 10-year absence from 2000 AD, Flesh returned in 2007 with "Hand of Glory", a prequel to the events of Book 1. 4 years later, Book 1s sequel, "Texas", appeared 2000 AD. This arc remained unfinished and was followed by the sequel "Midnight Cowboys" in 2012. Flesh again returned in 2013 with "Badlanders" which featured the return of Book 1 characters set before the conclusion of Book 2.
While Flesh Book 1 was published in black-and-white, Book 2 featured colour pages and dinosaurs covered in feathers—nearly 40 years before feathered dinosaurs became commonly accepted.
Bibliography
The dinosaurs have made a number of appearances over the years:Flesh:
"Flesh, Book 1" (script by Pat Mills (1, 18–19), Ken Armstrong (2–4, 8), Studio Giolitti (5, 9, 10, 13) and Kelvin Gosnell (6–7, 11–12, 14–17); art by Boix (1–2, 8–10, 14), Ramon Sola (3–7, 10–12, 15–16, 19) and Felix Carrion (13, 17–18), in 2000 AD #1–19, 1977)
"Carrion" (2000AD Summer Special 1977)
"The Buffalo Hunt" (2000AD Annual 1978, 1977)
"Flesh, Book 2" (by Geoffrey Miller, Massimo Belardinelli (1–12) and Carlos Pino (13–14), in 2000 AD #86–99, 1978–1979)Judge Dredd: The Cursed Earth (by Pat Mills (1–10, 21–25), John Wagner (11–16, 19–20), Chris Lowder (17–18) and Mike McMahon/Brian Bolland, in 2000 AD #61–85, 1978)ABC Warriors: "Golgotha" (with Pat Mills and Carlos Ezquerra, in 2000 AD #119–139, 1979)Nemesis the Warlock: "Book V: The Vengeance of Thoth" (by Pat Mills and Bryan Talbot, in 2000 AD #435–445, 1986)Flesh:
"Legend of Shamana, Book 1" (by Pat Mills/Tony Skinner and Carl Critchlow, in 2000 AD #800–808, 1992)
"Legend of Shamana, Book 2" (by Pat Mills/Tony Skinner and Carl Critchlow, in 2000 AD #817–825, 1993)
"Chronocide" (by Steve White/Dan Abnett and Gary Erskine, in 2000 AD #973–979, 1996)
"Flesh 3000AD" (by David Bishop/Steve MacManus and Carl Critchlow, in 2000 AD #1034, 1997)Satanus: "Unchained!" (by Pat Mills and Colin MacNeil, in 2000 AD #1241–1246, 2001)Flesh:
"Hand of Glory" (by Pat Mills and Ramon Sola, in 2000 AD #1526, February 2007)
"Texas" (by Pat Mills and James Mckay, in 2000 AD #1724–1733, March–May 2011)
"Midnight Cowboys" (by Pat Mills and James Mckay, in 2000 AD #1774–1785, 2012)
"Badlanders" (by Pat Mills and James Mckay, in 2000 AD #1850–1861, 2013)
"Gorehead" (by Pat Mills and Clint Langley, in 2000 AD #2001–2010, 2016)
Collected editionsFlesh: The Dino Files (collects "Book 1," "Book 2," "Hand of Glory," and "Texas", plus Bonus Thrills: "Carrion" and "The Buffalo Hunt", 272 pages, September 2011, Rebellion, )
Cast
Main characters
Earl Reagan – Veteran dinosaur hunter and the anti-hero of the series.
"Claw" Carver – Reagan's greedy rival. His weapon is a dinosaur claw, taken from the Deinonychus that bit off his hand. He is last seen being attacked (and presumably killed) by Big Hungry. However, it is possible that he survived, since he appears in subsequent issues.
Vegas Carter – Daughter of Claw Carver and a prostitute. As an adult, she works as an executive for the corporation.
Allies
Joe Brontowski – Cowboy from Reagan's team and the only one to survive Old One Eye's attack. Is killed by spiders in the meat processing plant.
Doctor – A drunkard and gambler who is the only physician in Carver's town. Most of his patients die on the operating table.
Jane B Goode – Ex prostitute who is Claw Carver's girlfriend and Vegas' mother.
Boots McGurk – Vegas Carter's trail boss and an old friend of Reagan. Branded the Tyrannosaurus Gorehead with the number of the beast 666.
Notch – A fat, bald dinosaur hunter with large muttonchop sideburns and a love of cigars. He cuts a notch into his body whenever he kills a dinosaur.
Remuda – A Mexican with a wide-brimmed sombrero hat. He is the first of McGurk's group to be killed.
Stand Alone Shareen – Cowgirl from McGurk's team with a reputation for being a man hater.
Nailbomb – Shareen's boyfriend, a punk covered in tattoos and extreme body piercings. Is eaten by a Quetzalcoatlus pterosaur.
Enemies
Dinosaurs
Old One Eye – 120-year-old matriarch of a pack of Tyrannosaurs. Her eye was gouged out by Reagan.
Big Hungry – Giant Nothosaurus seeking revenge on Carver for killing his babies. A malfunctioning time portal sends him into modern times where he becomes the Loch Ness Monster.
Gorehead – Tyrannosaur from Old One Eye's pack mutated by atom bomb.
Satanus – Cloned son of Old One Eye, appears in Judge Dredd: The Cursed Earth.
Golgotha – Son of Satanus and grandson of Old One Eye, appears in ABC Warriors: The Mek-nificent Seven.
Humans
McZ – Detective and gunslinger resembling Buffalo Bill Cody who relentlessly pursues Carver for murdering a time controller.
Flesh Controller – Corrupt corporate boss in charge of Base Nine, a meat packing plant that sends dinosaur flesh from the Cretaceous to the 23rd century.
J.M Grose – Greedy executive in charge of fishing rig Atlantis. He has a parrot that repeats his orders like Long John Silver's bird, Captain Flint.
"Bull" Svensson – Captain of a fishing submarine. Is betrayed and drowned by Carver who hijacks the sub to reclaim his lost gold. His crew are named after characters from classic novels like Moby Dick, Treasure Island, and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.
Peters – The only sailor to remain loyal to Svensson. Is determined to bring Carver down.
Gunner Ben – Old deckhand and friend of Peters. He is very superstitious and half insane.
Preacher Sunday – Evil priest who believes the Cretaceous is Hell. He is actually a serial killer who strangles women, including Carver's girlfriend.
See alsoBloodfangReferences
Flesh at Barney
Satanus at Barney
External links
The 2000 AD ABC #41: Flesh'' at YouTube
Comics by Pat Mills
Dinosaurs in comics
Comics about time travel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flesh%20%28comics%29 |
Specht v. Netscape, 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2002), is a ruling at the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit regarding the enforceability of clickwrap licenses under contract law. The court held that merely clicking on a download button does not show consent with license terms, if those terms were not conspicuous and if it was not explicit to the consumer that clicking meant agreeing to the license.
Background
Christopher Specht and several co-plaintiffs were users of the Netscape web browser and related software that they had downloaded from the Internet. The plaintiffs argued that they had not been given an opportunity to review and possibly refuse all the End User License Agreements (EULAs) that came with the software. Upon reviewing the agreements later, they found that they disagreed with a stipulation that any legal disputes must go to arbitration rather to court, and with various stipulations that allowed Netscape to track user activity in ways that allegedly invaded privacy.
A software agreement to which a user assents by clicking a "yes" or "OK" button on the screen is known as a clickwrap license. Whether such a license was enforceable under contract law was unsettled at the time of this dispute.
All the plaintiffs acknowledged that they clicked "yes" when prompted to agree to the EULAs while downloading the Netscape web browsers, but claimed that there was no such prompt for the associated SmartDownload plug-in that facilitated the process, and that a button to indicate assent to that license could only be found by scrolling beyond the "download" button. The SmartDownload license contained the provisions about arbitration and data tracking to which the plaintiffs objected.
The plaintiffs brought suit at the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against Netscape Communications Corporation, claiming that the terms of the EULAs enabled violations of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, while the inability to review the EULAs before downloading the software was a violation of contract law. Meanwhile, Specht operated an online business in which he offered files to be downloaded by his customers; he claimed that Netscape tracked his customers' data via the SmartDownload process, while Netscape countered that Specht benefited financially from this process and had no valid objection to the SmartDownload functionality.
District court proceedings
Netscape moved that the plaintiffs were prohibited from bringing the dispute to court, because of the very same EULAs being argued. According to Netscape, the plaintiffs had voluntarily agreed to the EULAs, including the provision requiring all legal disputes to go to arbitration, so therefore the present dispute should go to arbitration as well.
The district court denied Netscape's motion to dismiss the case. The court held that a contract becomes binding "when there is a meeting of the minds and consideration is exchanged." Since the plaintiffs were not given sufficient opportunity to review the arbitration clause in the SmartDownload EULA, Netscape could not compel that technique for resolving the present dispute. According to the court, the "plaintiffs neither received reasonable notice of the existence of the license terms nor manifested unambiguous assent to those terms before acting on the web page’s invitation to download the plug-in program."
The court also rejected Netscape's claim against Christopher Specht in particular, holding that any benefits that he received from the SmartDownloard functionality were indirect and not sufficient for compelling arbitration.
Netscape, continuing to argue that the dispute with the defendants should be handled via arbitration, appealed the district court decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Circuit court ruling
The circuit court affirmed the lower court's decision, rejecting Netscape's argument that the dispute should go to arbitration, while ruling that the EULA requiring this method was not an enforceable contract. The crux of the issue was whether or not the plaintiffs agreed to be bound by the defendant's licensing terms when they downloaded the free plug-in; the plaintiffs could not have learned of the existence of the terms before downloading. The court found that "a reasonably prudent Internet user in circumstances such as these would not have known or learned of the existence of the license terms before responding to defendants’ invitation to download the free software, and that defendants therefore did not provide reasonable notice of the license terms."
The circuit court held further that a license agreement for SmartDownload was not included in the parallel agreement for the Netscape browser despite the fact that SmartDownload is meant to enhance the functioning of the browser. This means that when the plaintiffs clicked through the browser's license agreement, they were not agreeing to the SmartDownload agreement. Thus, the court ruled that a clickwrap license is invalid, and does not serve as an enforceable contract, if it does not present all necessary license information in an unambiguous way before downloading.
Subsequent events
The immediate result of the circuit court ruling was that the dispute between the plaintiffs and Netscape could not be sent to arbitration, and the remaining factors in the dispute, including tracking of user data, would have to be heard in a full hearing at district court. The parties settled that dispute out of court, with Netscape agreeing to stop collecting data on the plaintiffs but with no admission of violations of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act.
After this ruling, Internet firms were required to make the presence of EULAs more evident before users were compelled to initiate the downloading process, while the users must be presented with an obvious process to review the terms of the agreement before making a decision to continue.
References
United States contract case law
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cases
2002 in United States case law
Netscape litigation
Software licenses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specht%20v.%20Netscape%20Communications%20Corp. |
Parkview is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It borders the suburb of Greenside and overlooks Zoo Lake, a park which lies on the opposite side of Jan Smuts Avenue from the Johannesburg Zoo. All of its streets are named after Irish counties. Parkview is one of the oldest suburbs in Johannesburg, and much of its historic architecture remains intact. The Alliance Française in Johannesburg is situated in Parkview.
History
The suburb lies on land on one of the original farms that make up Johannesburg, called Braamfontein. Its name comes from the view of the park that is now called Zoo Lake. All of the streets in Parkview are named after Irish counties. At the time of the establishment of Parkview the Mayor of Johannesburg was Irish.
Education
Schools in the area include Parkview Senior School, Parktown High School for Girls and Jan Celliers Laerskool.The suburb is also known for many of its pre-primary’s. Parkview Pre-Primary being the oldest, established in 1958.
References
Johannesburg Region B | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkview%2C%20Gauteng |
There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Bowater family, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extant as of 2010.
The Bowater baronetcy, of Hill Crest in the Borough of Croydon, was created in 1914 for Vansittart Bowater, Lord Mayor of London (a one-year office) from 1913 to 1914.
The Bowater baronetcy, of Friston in the County of Suffolk, was created in 1939 for Frank Bowater, a paper entrepreneur and Lord Mayor of London 1938–1939. He was the younger brother of the above. His son, the second Baronet was Lord Mayor of London 1953–1954.
Frederick Bowater (1856–1924), fourth son of William Vansittart Bowater and brother of the above Baronets was created a KBE (knight) in 1920. His son, Sir Eric Vansittart Bowater (1895–1962), was Director-General of the Ministry of Aircraft Production between 1940 and 1943 and was knighted in 1944.
Sir Ian Bowater, second son of the second-created Baronet, was Lord Mayor of London from 1969 to 1970.
Bowater baronets, of Hill Crest (1914)
Sir (Thomas) Vansittart Bowater, 1st Baronet (1862–1938), for one term Lord Mayor of London
Sir Rainald Vansittart Bowater, 2nd Baronet (1888–1945)
Sir (Thomas) Dudley Blennerhassett Bowater, 3rd Baronet (1889–1972)
Sir John Vansittart Bowater, 4th Baronet (1918–2008)
Sir Michael Patrick Bowater, 5th Baronet (born 1949)
Bowater baronets, of Friston (1939)
Sir Frank Henry Bowater, 1st Baronet (1866–1947), for one term Lord Mayor of London
Sir Noël Vansittart Bowater, 2nd Baronet (1892–1984), for one term Lord Mayor of London
Sir Euan David Vansittart Bowater, 3rd Baronet (born 1935)
Line of succession
William Vansittart Bowater (1838–1907)
Sir Thomas Vansittart Bowater, 1st Baronet, of Hill Crest (1862–1938) 586th Lord Mayor of London
Sir Rainald Vansittart Bowater, 2nd Baronet (1888–1945)
Sir Thomas Dudley Blennerhassett Bowater, 3rd Baronet (1889–1972)
Victor Spencer Bowater (1891–1967)
Sir John Vansittart Bowater, 4th Baronet (1918–2008)
Sir Michael Patrick Bowater, 5th Baronet (born 1949)
Major Sir Frank Henry Bowater, 1st Baronet, of Friston (1866–1947) 611th Lord Mayor of London
Sir Noël Vansittart Bowater, 2nd Baronet (1892–1984) 626th Lord Mayor of London
Sir Euan David Vansittart Bowater, 3rd Baronet (born 1935)
(1) Moray David Bowater (born 1967)
(2) Lucien Ross Thomas Bowater (born 1973)
Lt.-Col. Sir Ian Frank Bowater (1904–1982) 642nd Lord Mayor of London
(3) Michael Ian Vansittart Bowater (born 1934)
Notes
External links
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
Baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowater%20baronets |
Bright Idea is the debut studio album of American power pop band Orson. Originally self-released in 2005, it was released commercially on May 29, 2006 in the UK and internationally on June 13, 2006.
The album was recorded for just $5,000 in Hollywood, funded by the band themselves, and produced by Noah Shain. It contains the hit singles "No Tomorrow", "Bright Idea", "Happiness" and "Already Over". Bright Idea charted at number one on the official UK Albums Chart on June 4, 2006. The video for the single "Bright Idea" was directed by Tony Petrossian and was released as the follow-up to the UK number-one single "No Tomorrow".
The album was prized with a platinum record in the United Kingdom. About 700,000 copies were sold worldwide.
Founding guitarist Chad Rachild departed the band a year after the completion of the album. He was replaced by Kevin Roentgen.
Track listing
All lyrics written by Jason Pebworth, except where noted; all music written by George Astasio, Chris Cano, Johnny Lonely, Pebworth, and Chad Rachild. None of the tracks were written by Kevin Roentgen whose name appears sometimes as writer. Album was written a year prior to him even joining band.
"Bright Idea" – 4:13
"No Tomorrow" – 2:47
"Happiness" – 3:56
"Already Over" – 3:52
"Downtown" – 4:23*
"Tryin to Help" – 3:04
"So Ahead of Me" – 3:34
"Last Night" – 4:33
"Look Around" – 5:05
"Save the World" – 3:40
"The Okay Song" – 3:50
UK edition only.
Personnel
George Astasio - guitars
Chris Cano - drums
Johnny Lonely - bass
Jason Pebworth - vocals
Chad Rachild - guitars (tracks 1-4 and 6-11)
Kevin Roentgen - guitars (track 5)
Release history
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Orson (band) albums
2006 debut albums
Mercury Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright%20Idea |
A royal consort is the spouse of a reigning king or queen. Consorts of British monarchs have no constitutional status or power but many have had significant influence, and support the sovereign in his or her duties. There have been 11 royal consorts since Britain's union of the crowns in 1707, eight women and three men.
Prince Philip, the husband of Queen Elizabeth II, is the longest-serving and oldest-ever consort, and served for nearly 70 years until his death in 2021. Since the accession of Charles III on 8 September 2022, his wife Camilla has held the position of queen consort.
History
Since the union of England and Scotland in 1707, there have been eleven consorts of the British monarch. Queens between 1727 and 1814 were also Electress of Hanover, as their husbands all held the title of Elector of Hanover. Between 1814 and 1837, queens held the title as Queen of Hanover, as their husbands were kings of Hanover. The personal union with the United Kingdom ended in 1837 on the accession of Queen Victoria because the succession laws (Salic Law) in Hanover prevented a female inheriting the title if there was any surviving male heir (in the United Kingdom, a male took precedence over only his own sisters, until the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 which removed male primogeniture). In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Hanover was annexed by Prussia and became the Province of Hanover.
Not all wives of monarchs have become consorts, as they may have died, been divorced prior to their husbands' ascending the throne, or married after abdication. Such cases include Princess Sophia Dorothea of Celle, wife of George, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg (the future King George I), Wallis Warfield, wife of Edward, Duke of Windsor (the former King Edward VIII), and Lady Diana Spencer, wife of Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III).
Only George I and Edward VIII were unmarried throughout their reigns.
Since 1937, the sovereign's consort and the first four individuals in the line of succession who are over 21 may be appointed counsellors of state. Counsellors of state perform some of the sovereign's duties in the United Kingdom while the sovereign is out of the country or temporarily incapacitated.
Style
The wife of the reigning king has typically been styled as "Her Majesty The Queen" or "Her Majesty Queen [first name]" and is addressed as "Her Majesty" or "Your Majesty" (when addressing directly). Since her coronation in 2023, the current royal consort, Camilla, has also been styled as "Her Majesty The Queen" per tradition. She was initially styled as "The Queen Consort" to distinguish her from her then recently deceased mother-in-law, Queen Elizabeth II, who as a queen regnant was also styled as "Her Majesty The Queen".
Male consorts
The husband of a reigning queen does not share the regal title and style of his wife. The titles of the three male consorts were inconsistent. There is no rule on the title of male consorts in the UK.
Prince George of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne, never received an official style as the consort, his princely title being Danish, but was raised to the peerage of England as the Duke of Cumberland in 1689, several years before his wife's accession in 1702.
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, husband of Queen Victoria, did not take a British peerage title but was granted the title of Prince Consort as a distinct title in 1857, the only male consort of the United Kingdom or its predecessor realms to have held the title. Victoria wished to style him as King Consort, but the government would not allow it.
Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, husband of Queen Elizabeth II, was raised to the peerage as Duke of Edinburgh in 1947, five years before his wife's accession, and was made a prince of the United Kingdom in 1957.
Coronation
Queens consort participate in the coronation ceremony, undertaking many of the same ceremonies as the monarch. Queens traditionally wear elaborate robes and walk in the procession under a canopy. They have also been anointed with holy oil and been crowned. Traditionally, male consorts are not crowned or anointed during the coronation ceremony.
An unusual case was Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who had separated from her husband George IV prior to his accession, became queen consort by law but had no position at court and was forcibly barred from attending George IV's coronation and being crowned.
Regalia
The earliest surviving consort's crown is that created in 1685 for Mary of Modena. Since the early-20th century, it was traditional for a new crown to be created for a queen consort. However, Queen Camilla did not have a new crown created for her coronation in 2023 and she was crowned using the 1911 Queen Mary's Crown.
The Queen Consort's Ring, was first created for the coronation of Queen Adelaide in 1831, and has been used by queens consort ever since.
The Queen Consort's Rod with Dove represents 'equity and mercy' and the dove, with its folded wings, is symbolic of the Holy Ghost. The Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross, originally made for the coronation of Mary of Modena in 1685, is inlaid with rock crystals.
List of consorts
References
External links
www.royalty.nu
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (United Kingdom)
Lists of queens
Consorts
British
Consorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20British%20royal%20consorts |
Terry Maxwell Ronald is an English author, songwriter, music producer and singer.
Biography
Born in South London, Ronald was a founder member and lead singer with the pop band Gun Shy, who released one single "Just To Be Your Secret", which was Peter Powell's record of the week on Radio One. In the early 1990s, Ronald released solo album "Roma" on MCA Records, from which four singles were released.
Ronald developed his career as a melody writer and lyricist, usually working with another writer. His musical work includes songwriting, production and vocal arranging for Kylie Minogue, Girls Aloud, Dannii Minogue, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, The Wanted, Westlife, The Saturdays, Lulu, Sheena Easton, Kim Wilde, Atomic Kitten, Geri Halliwell, Elouise and French pop starlet Lorie. In 2007, he appeared as a guest judge on the Judges' Homes section of The X Factor, alongside Dannii Minogue. He has worked as a vocal coach on music TV shows including The Voice, The Voice Kids, All Together Now and Let's Sing & Dance For Comic Relief.
Ronald has worked on the creative team of several West End theatre productions, including Rent Remixed, which starred Denise Van Outen, Siobhan Donaghy and Luke Evans, and The Hurly Burly Show. In 2013 Ronald co-wrote the musical one-woman play Some Girl I Used To Know with Denise Van Outen.
In 2010, he wrote his first novel Becoming Nancy, published in April 2011 by Transworld and described by Suzy Feay in The Independent as "a deliciously camp rites of passage novel". The book was shortlisted for the 2012 Polari First Book Prize, and in January 2014 it was announced that Tony Award-winning director and choreographer Jerry Mitchell had bought the rights to the musical stage version of the book, which opened in the U.S in 2019 at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta.
Personal life
Ronald lives in East Dulwich, South London with his civil partner, Mark.
Discography
Solo albums
Solo singles
References
External links
ASCAP listing
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Musicians from London
English male songwriters
English male novelists
English record producers
20th-century English male singers
21st-century English male singers
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers
20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
English gay musicians
English gay writers
English LGBT singers
English LGBT songwriters
English LGBT novelists
LGBT record producers
Gay singers
Gay songwriters
Gay novelists
20th-century English LGBT people
21st-century English LGBT people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Ronald |
Arte Moris (meaning "Living Art" in Tetun) is the first fine arts school, cultural center and artists’ association in East Timor. It is based in the capital, Dili.
Founded following the violent Indonesian occupation, "Its primary aim was to use art as a building block in the psychological and social reconstruction of a country devastated by violence, with special emphasis on helping its young citizens."
Arte Moris provides art classes to local East Timorese, sponsors advanced students, and manages the sale of artwork, both at their on-site gallery and at two up-scale hotels in Dili. Arte Moris also collaborates with the professional drama troupe Bibi Bulak ("Crazy Goat").
The art center was housed on the former premises of the National Museum in Comoro, near Dili.
The artwork produced at the school is wide-ranging, but is often surrealist in style, and exhibits cultural aspects from the varied regions of the country.
In December 2021, the school was evicted from its building by the government in order to house army veterans.
References
External links
Art schools in East Timor
Dili | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte%20Moris |
Richard Blair Modzelewski (February 16, 1931 – October 19, 2018) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins, Pittsburgh Steelers, New York Giants, and the Cleveland Browns. He also served as interim head coach of the Browns in the final game of the 1977 season. Modzelewski was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1993.
Early life
Growing up in West Natrona, Pennsylvania as one of six children, Modzelewski was a three-sport athlete at Har-Brack High School (now Highlands High School).
College career
Modzelewski joined his brother, Ed, and played college football at the University of Maryland. Just as he was set to begin his sophomore season, Modzelewski moved into the starting lineup after an injury to the Terrapins' Ray Krouse.
He would keep that status for the next three years, winning All-American honors as both a junior and senior, while also capturing the 1952 Outland Trophy. In a 1951 game against the University of North Carolina, Modzelewski paced a defense with 12 solo tackles, while the team held the Tar Heels to just 40 yards of offense. At the end of that season, Maryland was ranked third in the country and knocked off the top-ranked University of Tennessee Volunteers in the Sugar Bowl.
Washington Redskins
The Washington Redskins took notice of Modzelewski's accomplishments and drafted him in the second round of the 1953 NFL Draft, signing him on April 10. In his two years with the team, Modzelewski showed promise as a rookie, then began having conflicts with Redskins' coach Joe Kuharich in 1954. As a result, Modzelewski signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League, ready to play for former Maryland assistant coach Jack Hennemier. However, after the Redskins filed an injunction to stop the deal, the Stampeders signed an agreement to tear up the contract.
Pittsburgh Steelers
With Modzelewski unhappy, the Redskins traded him to the Pittsburgh Steelers on March 1, 1955, once again reuniting him with brother Ed, a fullback on the team. The brothers would not play together though, as Ed was traded to the Cleveland Browns as a replacement for retiring Hall of Famer Marion Motley, with whom he won the NFL Championship. Dick was once again traded, this time twice in a four-day span. On April 24, 1956, he was traded to the Detroit Lions, then was dealt three days later to the New York Giants. In an ironic twist, the player the Lions received was Krouse, whose 1950 injury at Maryland had led to Modzelewski's development.
New York Giants
Over the next eight seasons, the Giants played for the NFL championship six times, but their only victory came during Modzelewski's first season in 1956. Among a colorful group of defenders, Modzelewski's low-key approach often saw him remain in the shadow of these players, but his presence helped the team remain a perennial title contender.
Cleveland Browns
On March 4, 1964, Modzelewski was traded to the Browns, in exchange for wide receiver Bobby Crespino. Originally expected to be a supplement to starting defensive tackles Jim Kanicki and Frank Parker, Modzelewski was rushed into the lineup following an injury to Parker in the season opener on September 13.
Over the course of the season, Modzelewski's veteran leadership helped lead the Browns to their first Eastern Conference title in seven years. In the NFL Championship game on December 27, he joined an aggressive defense in completely shutting down the Baltimore Colts offense, giving the Browns a 27–0 shutout victory.
In his final two years as a player, the Browns again reached the title game in 1965, but fell short the following year. During his final campaign, Modzelewski was joined by another brother, Gene, who played one season before fulfilling a military commitment.
Coaching career
Modzelewski served as a scout for the Browns in 1967, then joined the team's on-field staff the following year as defensive line coach. After two solid years in which the team again reached the NFL Championship game, the Browns' fortunes declined over the next five years, with a then-team-worst 3–11 record in 1975 forcing head coach Forrest Gregg to make changes.
On February 13, 1976, Modzelewski was promoted to defensive coordinator and the team responded with a six-game improvement. Midway through the 1977 season, the Browns had a 5–2 record and seemed destined for their first playoff berth in five years. However, a season-ending injury to starting quarterback Brian Sipe led to a tailspin that culminated with Gregg's dismissal on December 13. Modzelewski was named interim head coach for the team's final game, a 20–19 loss to the second-year Seattle Seahawks.
As 1978 began, new Browns head coach Sam Rutigliano quickly announced he was eliminating the defensive coordinator position, and offered Modzelewski the job of defensive line coach. Seeing the offer as a demotion, Modzelewski resigned and returned to the New York Giants as their defensive coordinator. That position would last only one season after another wholesale coaching change, but he would resurface as defensive line coach with the Cincinnati Bengals in 1979 under head coach Homer Rice.
After first being dismissed with the entire staff one day after the end of the 1979 season, Modzelewski was rehired by Gregg, who had been selected as the Bengals' new head coach. The team struggled to a 6–10 season in 1980, but then put together a memorable year in 1981, ending with the franchise's first-ever trip to the Super Bowl. Despite a 26–21 defeat to the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XVI, the Bengals returned to the post-season the following year, but lost in the first round of the expanded playoff system.
After a disappointing 1983 season, Gregg left to take over his dream job: head coach of the Green Bay Packers, then brought Modzelewski with him to again serve as defensive line coach. Modzelewski eventually served as the team's defensive coordinator, but after four frustrating years, Gregg resigned and Modzelewski landed with the Lions in 1988 as the defensive line tutor. He spent two years in that role until announcing his retirement.
Legacy
In 1993, Modzelewski was honored for his college football exploits with his induction into the College Football Hall of Fame and in 1986, Dick was inducted into the National Polish American Sports Hall of Fame.
Dick Modzelewski played and started in 8 NFL championship games. 1956, 1958, 1959, 1961–1963 with the New York Giants, and 1964 and 1965 with the Cleveland Browns. He was an NFL Champion twice with the 1956 New York Giants and 1964 Cleveland Browns.
He has been a player in more NFL championship games than just about any player in NFL history. Tom Brady has also played and started in 8 title games, all Super Bowls.
Hall of Fame Left Tackle and Place Kicker Lou Groza played in 9 NFL Championship games plus 4 AAFC Championship games (All American Football Conference 1946–1949). Lou Groza was back up Offensive lineman in 2 Championship games and starting Left Tackle for 2 in the AAFC title games. In the NFL Groza was starting Left Tackle in 7 NFL championship games (1950–1955 & 1957) and Place Kicker in 2 more (1964 & 1965).
See also
1952 College Football All-America Team
References
1931 births
2018 deaths
People from Harrison Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
All-American college football players
American football defensive tackles
American people of Polish descent
Cincinnati Bengals coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches
Cleveland Browns players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Detroit Lions coaches
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Green Bay Packers coaches
Maryland Terrapins football players
National Football League defensive coordinators
New York Giants coaches
New York Giants players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Washington Redskins players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Modzelewski |
Totally Rad, known in Japan as , is an action-adventure game developed by Aicom and published by Jaleco for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The game was released in Japan on September 28, 1990, in Europe in 1990 and in North America on March 29, 1991.
Gameplay
Multiple boss fights ranging in complexity
Special summoning abilities
Side-scrolling platform game
Plot
Jake (John in the Japanese version) is hired as an apprentice magician by Zebediah Pong (simply referred to as Pong in the Japanese version). He is training when some strange people attack and kidnap his girlfriend, Allison (Yuu in the Japanese version). Jake goes on a quest to find out where they came from and why they wanted Allison. Afterwards, Jake discovers Allison's kidnapping was a feint to force Allison's father, a renowned scientist, out of hiding. Jake must not only save Allison's father, but ultimately battle an evil king who plans to lead a subterranean army in a battle against the people of Jake's world.
The Japanese and North American versions of the game are mostly the same, except for the characters. In the original 'Magic John', the main characters are two preadolescent, Japanese-style cartoon friends. In 'Totally Rad', they are redesigned into becoming two Californian adolescents who talk in "surfer" lingo from the 1980s.
Manual
The instruction manual for Totally Rad is filled with surfer lingo, in addition to comical picture breaks and comments about the author's "babe" and how attractive she looks in the picture he put of her in the instruction manual.
Reception
Mean Machines magazine gave the game a score of 63 out of 100 giving criticism to the lack of challenge in the first few levels, repetitive action, over simplistic gameplay and concluding “A reasonable game which misses out on brilliance due to over-simplification of the gameplay and unoriginal gameplay.”
References
External links
Official website at Jaleco
Totally Rad at MobyGames
The Rad Project - A comparison of the original Japanese version with the Western revision.
Totally Rad Game Review (With Cut Scenes) - A complete transcript of the game's cut scenes and storyboard side by side with a game review.
Totally Rad instruction manual
1990 video games
Action-adventure games
Aicom games
Jaleco games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Platformers
Science fiction video games
Side-scrolling video games
Video games developed in Japan
Single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totally%20Rad |
Edgar Guerrero Gastelum (born October 23, 1979, in Burley, Idaho), lived in the Mexican state of Sinaloa until the age of 8. He and his family later moved to Glenns Ferry, Idaho. He is the son of Juan Guerrero and Dora Guerrero Gastelum. He graduated from Glenn’s Ferry High School and he graduated from Boise State University where he received a bachelor's degree in Graphic Design in 2004.
Before entering the popular Mexican show La Academia, an 'American Idol'-style TV show,
he was a member of several music groups, most recently Grupo Karibe in Boise, which performs all styles of music in Spanish. He was working for a Boise Airport car rental company when he auditioned for the show in Los Angeles. He beat out 150,000 people from Mexico and the United States to become one of 18 contestants during the show's fourth season.
At the end he lost to Erasmo Catarino, a school teacher of indigenous ethnicity, He won fifth place of the fourth generation of the popular Mexican show La Academia.
On 24 September 2005, Edgar Guerrero traveled to Burley, Idaho, to receive the keys of the city for being a good ambassador of the community. The mayor John Anderson proclaimed 24 September "Edgar Guerrero Day"...
At this moment Edgar is working on many projects, he currently resides in Phoenix AZ, owns a marketing company called P.E.G. MPP, is the public image for many companies and works as a programmer and music consultant for 94.5 Exa FM, a radio station based in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Edgar has 3 children, Phoenix, Eros and Gael. Currently married to Slidayne Guerrero.
External links
Edgar Guerrero Website - Official site
LaAcademia.tv - La Academia's official site
TVAzteca.com - TV Azteca, the TV station that produces La Academia
1979 births
Living people
La Academia contestants
People from Burley, Idaho
People from Glenns Ferry, Idaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar%20Guerrero |
Live in Germania is the first live album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded at four venues in Germany during the Heaven Shall Burn 1996 tour, engineered and edited at The Abyss, and released on July 7, 1997 by Osmose Productions. The album was originally announced by the band as titled The Black Years, but this was later opted out. Live in Germania is the only Marduk album to feature Peter Tägtgren of Hypocrisy, and also the band's mixer, on guitar.
Track listing
Trivia
Germania was the Latin exonym for a geographical area of land on the east bank of the Rhine (inner Germania), which included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Roman control on the west bank of the Rhine.
Germania also was the name Adolf Hitler gave to the projected renewal of the German capital Berlin.
Personnel
Legion – vocals
Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
Peter Tägtgren – guitar, engineering, editing
B. War – bass
Fredrik Andersson – drums
References
1997 live albums
Marduk (band) live albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20in%20Germania |
Botanical prospecting for uranium is a method of finding uranium deposits either by observation of plant life growing on the surface, or by geochemical analysis of plant material.
The history of uranium prospecting, especially in the Colorado Plateau of North America, has seen several methods of identifying likely ore body locations. The use of radiation detectors, such as Geiger counters and scintillation counter is one such method. Another method widely used relies on knowledge of the geologic history of an area, such as locating a geologic formation known to host ore deposits.
United States
During the early efforts to locate uranium deposits in the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted studies of prospecting through botanical surveys. These studies examined three methods.
Each method begins with the identification of an area of interest. This area is then gridded off, which allows the prospector to map samples to specific locations on the ground.
Plant morphology variations
The first method, not widely used in the Colorado Plateau, looks for physiologic and morphologic changes in plants growing in or around ore bodies. A survey of plants in the gridded area is conducted. Comparison of normal growth habits and rates is done with known normal plants, and areas with high rates of change in either physiology or morphology indicate likely spots for further prospecting. This method is time consuming, and is not useful in all areas.
Deep-rooted plants
The second method uses a survey of deep-rooted plants in an area of interest. This works because the plant roots carry uranium to the surface, where it is concentrated in growing areas of the plant. Juniper or saltbrush are usually used, as they are known uranium concentrators. Samples of tree branch tips and leaves are taken from each area in the grid. These samples are then sent to a laboratory for analysis. Concentrations of more than 1 part in a million-(> 1 ppm) of uranium indicate likely areas to investigate further, through drilling or digging. This method provides information about likely ore bodies down to a depth of between 50 and 70 feet, and is generally good in areas where mineralized beds form broad flat benches, so that a grid pattern can be used.
Indicator plant species
The third method looks for concentrations of indicator plant species in an area of interest. Some uranium ore bodies contain higher concentrations of certain elements, such as selenium, than the surrounding host rock in which they are found. Certain plants that concentrate these elements act as indicator species for likely ore body locations. Mapping these plants provides information about areas in which further prospecting should be done. For example, in areas such as the Colorado Plateau, various species of Astragalus are selenium concentrators (A. pattersoni, A. preussi, A. thompsonae). Other indicator plants for sulfur and calcium, such as Eriogonum inflatum and Oenothera caespitosa help to identify likely areas also, especially in conjunction with the selenium indicators.
Other regions
In areas outside the Colorado Plateau, such as in South Australia or Saskatchewan, Canada, other plants would naturally be used.
See also
List of uranium mines
phytoremediation
References
Cannon, H. L., 1957, Description of Indicator Plants and Methods of Botanical Prospecting for Uranium Deposits on the Colorado Plateau, Geological Survey Bulletin 1030-M.
McKelvey, V. E., 1955, Search for Uranium In the United States, Geological Survey Bulletin 1030-A.
Uranium mining | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical%20prospecting%20for%20uranium |
Dieter König (19 May 1931 – 17 August 1991) raced hydroplanes and was also responsible for manufacturing the engines that powered them. During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s his "König" engines dominated the sport.
The engines were manufactured in his hometown of Berlin, Germany. They were used in Grand Prix motorcycle racing powering Kim Newcombe to second place in the 500cc class of the 1973 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, as well as powering Rolf Steinhausen/Josef Huber to win two World Sidecar Championships.
References
External links
"Konig and Kim Newcombe"
Love, Speed and Loss - Television, 2005 (Sport, Documentary)
1931 births
1991 deaths
German motorboat racers
Sportspeople from Berlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter%20K%C3%B6nig |
Social Policy (Non-Metropolitan Territories) Convention, 1947 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1947 with the preamble stating:
Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by four states: Belgium, France, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Social policy
Treaties concluded in 1947
Treaties entered into force in 1955
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of France
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties extended to Tokelau
1947 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Policy%20%28Non-Metropolitan%20Territories%29%20Convention%2C%201947 |
The Therevidae are a family of flies of the superfamily Asiloidea commonly known as stiletto flies. The family contains about 1,600 described species worldwide, most diverse in arid and semiarid regions with sandy soils. The larvae are predators of insect larvae in soil.
Description
Adult Therevidae are small- to medium-sized with a body length of 2.4 to 18 mm and a hairy integument. The coloration ranges from shades of yellow to black, but commonly the background colour is masked by the tomentum.
The compound eyes are generally larger in males, which in many species are actually holoptic. Females have well-developed compound eyes, but are clearly dichoptic. There are three ocelli. The antennae are relatively short. The scape is elongated, the pedicel very short, and the first flagellomere is conical and elongated, the apex bearing a compound stylus with one to three segments. The scape and pedicel are pubescent;
In contrast to the related and confusingly similar family Asilidae, the labium in the Therevidae is not a piercing, predatory organ, but ends in two fleshy labella adapted to the sucking of liquid foods. Another difference is that, though Therevidae commonly have fluffy setae above the mouthparts, the setae are not stiff bristles like the protective chaetae comprising the mystax of most species of Asilidae. Furthermore, in the Asilidae the depression on the vertex between the eyes, tends to be more obvious than in the Therevidae.
The thorax is broad and moderately convex, with long bristles (macrotrichae). The legs are long and slender, with femora and tibiae bearing bristles; the tibiae are without apical spurs and the tarsi are provided with empodia or without the median pretarsal. The wings are well developed, hyaline or opaque, often with pigmentation of the veins located at the termination of the transverse and longitudinal veins.
The abdomen is tapered and elongated, typically 3 to 4 times as long as its broadest width when not extended for activities such as oviposition. Eight abdominal segments (uriti) are externally visible.
The wing venation is relatively complex but without a particular conformation to distinguish the Therevidae from other families of Asiloidea. The radius is divided into four branches, with R 2 +3 undivided. The branch R 4 is long and winding and reaches the costal margin, the branch R 5 terminates on the posterior border, so the second submarginal cell is open at the apex of the wing. The media is divided into four branches, all independent but with M 3 and M 4 convergent. The transverse medial vein closes the discal cell. This has an elongated shape and terminates at the apex with three angles from which the first three branches of media spring. The fourth branch, M 4 (or CuA 1 according to a different interpretation), originates from the apex of the posterior basal discal cell. The cubit and anal converge on a short common branch before reaching the apex.
The larva is apodous and eucephalic, cylindrical, very long and thin, and with tapered ends. The integument is smooth, white, or pink. The head capsule is well developed, but narrower than the other regions.
Biology
Knowledge of the biology of the Therevidae is limited and fragmented. The lifecycle is usually carried out in a single generation per year, although some European Therevidae have a cycle of two or more years. The overwintering stage is represented by the mature larva. The postembryonic development in known forms, five instars and pupation takes place in the spring.
The larvae, like those of other Asiloidea, have an entomophagous diet and they live as predators. They are generally found on dry, sandy soils and dry litter. Larvae also are located in other substrates such as decomposing organic matter and under the bark of trees. Among the prey are the larvae and pupae of Diptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera. The observation of the behaviour of known forms highlights voracious feeding and agile movements. When exposed to light, the larvae of the Therevidae dig back into the substrate with rapid movements.
Adults feed mainly on nectar, honeydew, and pollen, but they occasionally feed on liquid secretions of animal or vegetable origin. They are found in various environments and can be found in streams, meadows, open woodlands, or, like many other Asiloidea, in dry and sandy places or on beaches. At rest, they choose various substrates according to the species: some species rest on the ground, others on rocks, vegetation, or intertidal debris. They are generally diurnal and move in short, quick flights. Although inhabiting semiarid regions, or possibly for that very reason, since that is where prey for their larvae are likely to be plentiful, adults are particularly attracted to water, generally remaining near pools or other sources of moisture.
Systematics and phylogeny
The family Therevidae is little known and it resembles many other Brachycera, both in morphology and ethology. The taxonomic history of the Therevidae accordingly has undergone repeated revisions; in the past, many therevids were assigned to other families, and many other Brachycera were assigned to the Therevidae. Since the 1970s however, there has been a great deal of rationalisation of the taxonomy, particularly by Lyneborg and Irwin. Revision of the higher taxa, based on the phylogenetic cladistic relationships between various groups of Asiloidea has led to a better understanding of their ranks and interrelationships.
Originally the Therevidae sensu lato, were polyphyletic. It required the reassignment of some subfamilies to other families, together with adjustments to closely related families in the Asiloidea, to establish consistent phylogenetic relationships. The Therevidae now constitute a monophyletic clade that English-speaking dipterologists call the therevoid clade (clade of "Terevoidi"). This group has not been assigned a ranking at any taxonomic level above the rank of family, but for the present is recognised as a group of families within the superfamily Asiloidea.
Therevoid clade
Clade showing relationship of Asiloidea
At present, over 1, 600 species are known. After taxonomic revisions by Lyneborg (1976) and Winterston et al. (2001), the family is divided into four subfamilies, among which the most representative in size and diffusion is the Therevinae:
Agapophytinae: 12 genera
Phycinae: 13 genera
Therevinae: 84 genera
Xestomyzinae: 12 genera
In addition to the 121 living genera are several extinct genera known from Cenozoic deposits including Dasystethos, Glaesorthactia, Kroeberiella, and Palaeopherocera, in doubt is Helicorhaphe. The oldest known member of the family is Cretothereva from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Crato Formation of Brazil.
Habitat and distribution
The habitat of the Therevidae is more varied than that of other Asiloidea, but as in Asiloidea, preferred ecosystems better suit the larvae, so these insects are more common in thickets of xerophilous plants (garrigue and maquis, in deserts and on sandy beaches.
The Therevidae are represented in all zoogeographical regions of the Earth. The Therevinae are present in all continents, with a lower frequency in the eastern region . The Phycinae have spread to the Afrotropical and the Holarctic. The Xestomyzinae are mainly Afrotropical. The Agapophytinae are endemic to the Australasian realm.
In Europe, only the subfamilies are represented:- Phycinae, with two genera, and Therevinae, with 15 genera. A total of 98 species are reported, two-thirds of which belong to the genus Thereva.
Species lists
Palaearctic
Nearctic
Australasian/Oceanian
Japan
World list
List of soldierflies and allies of Great Britain
Identification
Cole, F.R., 1923. A revision of the North American two-winged flies of the family Therevidae. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, 62(4), 1-140.
Cole, F.R., 1960 Stiletto-flies of the genus Furcifera Kröber (Diptera: Therevidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 160-169.
Gaimari, S.D., & M.E. Irwin, 2000. Phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of the cycloteline Therevinae (Insecta: Diptera: Therevidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 129, 129-240.
Irwin, M.E., & L. Lyneborg, 1981. The genera of Nearctic Therevidae. Illinois Natural History Bulletin, (1980) 32, 193-277.
Irwin, M.E., & D.W. Webb, 1992. Brasilian Therevidae (Diptera): a checklist and descriptions (sic) of species. Acta Amazonica, (1991) 21, 85-121.
Kröber, O., 1911. Die Thereviden Süd- und Mittelamerikas. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 475-529. Keys genera, species.
Kröber, O., 1912. Die Thereviden der indo-australischen Region. Keys genera, species.
Kröber, O., 1913. Therevidae.Genera.Ins. Keys (then) world genera. Keys genera, species.
Kröber, O., 1914. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Thereviden und Omphraliden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, (1913) 31, 29-74.
Kröber, O., 1924_1925. Therevidae. Fiegen palaerakt. Reg. 4 (26):1-60
Kröber, O., 1928. Neue und wenig bekannte Dipteren aus den Familien Omphralidae, Conopidae, und Therevidae. Konowia Zeitschrift für Systematische Insektenkunde, 7, 113-134.
Kröber, O., 1931. The Therevidae (Diptera) of South Africa. Ann. Transv. Mus.. 14:103-134. (see also Lyneborg).
Lyneborg, L. 1972. A revision of the Xestomyza-group of Therevidae. (Diptera). Annals of the Natal Museum 21: 297–376. Keys African genera, species.
Lyneborg, L. 1976. A revision of the Therevine stiletto-flies (Diptera: Therevidae) of the Ethiopian Region. Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.). Entomology 33 (3): 191-346. Keys subfamilies and genera of Thervinae.
Malloch, J. R. 1932. Rhagionidae, Therevidae. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Entomology [eds] Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V. Fascicle 3. - Rhagionidae (Leptidae), Therevidae, Scenopenidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae, Lonchopteridae. pp. 199–293. Keys genera, species.
Mann, JS.1928-1933 Revisional notes on Australian Therevidae. Part 1. Australian Zoologist, 5, 151–. 194 (1928); Part 2 6:17-49 (1929); Part 3 7:325-344. (1933).
See also
List of Therevidae genera
References
External links
Therevidae site with many links
Therevidae of Australia
Image Gallery
Family Therevidae at EOL Image Gallery
Brachycera families
Taxa named by Edward Newman
Articles containing video clips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therevidae |
Key Marco was an archaeological site (8CR48) consisting of a large shell works island next to Marco Island, Florida. A small pond on Key Marco, now known as the "Court of the Pile Dwellers" (8CR49), was excavated in 1896 by the Smithsonian Institution's Pepper-Hearst Expedition, led by Frank Hamilton Cushing. Cushing recovered more than 1,000 wooden artifacts from the pond, the largest number of wooden artifacts from any prehistoric archaeological site in the eastern United States. These artifacts are described as some of the finest prehistoric Native American art in North America. The Key Marco materials are principally divided between the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania; the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; and the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. The original pond was completely excavated and refilled. It is now covered by a housing subdivision. Excavations of small parts of the site were also conducted in 1965 and 1995.
Names
The island of Key Marco was composed of shell mounds and other shell works and separate from Marco Island in the 19th century. A late 19th century settlement on the island was called Marco Village. The Olde Marco Inn on the north end of the island was founded in 1887. The name of the settlement on the island was changed to Collier City in 1927. By late in the 20th century Key Marco had been attached to Marco Island and all of the mounds on Key Marco had been leveled and built on. The area is now known as Old Marco Village. One source of confusion in the name is Marion Gilliland's use of "Key Marco" to refer to all of Marco Island. Another source of confusion arises from the fact that in the 1980s a development company renamed the former Horr's Island as "Key Marco". Horr's Island was the location of an independently significant archaeological site. It has one of the oldest indigenous burial mounds of the eastern United States, dating to about 1450 BCE; and it was the site of the largest, permanently occupied community of the Archaic period (8000 BCE- 1000 BCE) in the southeastern part of the nation.
Pepper-Hearst excavation
The "Court of the Pile Dwellers" at Key Marco was a small muck pond, covering less than an acre. The conditions in the muck preserved the wood and other objects, including those made with bone, fiber, gum, rawhide and gut. Objects of stone, shell and pottery were also found in the pond.
A great variety of artifacts were found in the pond, including bowls, mortars and pestles, spears, atlatls, cords, ropes, nets, net floats, fishhooks, carved clubs, wooden tablets and plaques, wood ear spools, realistically carved animal heads, carved and painted masks, and a carved wooden feline/human figure (the so-called "Key Marco cat"). Many of the wooden objects, besides the masks, had been painted. The colors were still vivid when the objects were first removed from the muck. The artifacts were very well preserved due to being buried in the wet conditions.
At the time the pond was excavated, techniques for preserving wood and other fragile materials removed from the muck had not been developed. The colors on the painted objects quickly faded, and many objects quickly deteriorated. But, a photographer with the excavation party recorded all the objects soon after they were removed from the pond, thus preserving evidence of their appearance. Watercolors were also prepared by Wells M. Sawyer showing the colors of the painted objects.
Dating the finds from the "Court of the Pile Dwellers" has been a problem. Because of the limited knowledge of the archaeological discipline at the time, no record of the stratification of the objects was kept. They cannot be placed in sequence. There is no sign of European trade goods or influence in the finds. Radiocarbon dating did not exist at the time of excavation. Radiocarbon dating of objects which have been handled and stored away from their original environment for long periods may not be reliable. In the 1960s an attempt to radiocarbon date some objects yielded a date of 1670 AD. A second attempt in 1975 using five different objects yielded dates from 55 AD to 850 AD.
Van Beck excavation
In 1965 Van Beck and Van Beck excavated part of a tall mound about northeast of the "Court of the Pile Dwellers". Two test pits yielded a large of number of potsherds in distinct strata. The potsherds all belong to the Glades periods II and III. The density of the potsherds indicates that the Key Marco site had a high population density, and presumably political complexity during both Glades period II and III.
Widmer excavation
In 1995 the Collier County Historical Society commissioned an archaeological salvage project on an undeveloped portion of Key Marco, supervised by archaeologists Randolph J. Widmer and Rebecca Storey, who trained and led a volunteer labor effort, in association with related organizations. They hoped to be able to establish more context for the archaeological site excavated by Cushing. Evidence was found of three platform mound stages, with large houses built on pilings. A stratigraphic analysis found 55 discrete layers, indicated by changes in shell and sand mixture. They found evidence of numerous postholes, which indicated a large structure built on pilings to raise it above the surface of the mound. They found additional evidence of early Glades culture, mostly through pottery remains.
Ethnic affiliation
Marco Island was occupied by the Muspa people, corresponding to the Ten Thousand Islands district of the Glades culture as defined in archaeology. Around 1300 AD, pottery and artifact styles in the Muspa area changed to become very similar to those of the Calusa people to the north, indicating a close alliance with or absorption by the Calusa.
See also
Fort Center
Turner River Site
Notes
Citations
References
Brown, Robin C. (1994). Florida's First People. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc.
MacMahon, Darcie A. and William H. Marquardt (2004). The Calusa and Their Legacy: South Florida People and Their Environments, University Press of Florida.
Further reading
Gilliland, Marion Spjut. 1975. The material culture of Key Marco, Florida. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida
Gilliland, Marion Spjut. 1989. Key Marco's buried treasure: archaeology and adventure in the nineteenth century. Ripley P. Bullen monographs in anthropology and history, no. 8. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.
External links
Marco Island Historical Museum
Key Marco Cat entry at the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
Archaeological sites in Florida
Geography of Collier County, Florida
Indigenous culture of the Southeastern Woodlands
Shell middens in Florida
Islands of Collier County, Florida
Islands of Florida
Native American history of Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20Marco |
Labour Standards (Non-Metropolitan Territories) Convention, 1947 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1947 with the preamble stating:
Ratifications
The treaty has been ratified only by the United Kingdom in 1950 and Australia in 1973. Australia has subsequently denounced the treaty, making it currently in force only for the United Kingdom.
External links
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1947
Treaties entered into force in 1974
Treaties of the United Kingdom
1947 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour%20Standards%20%28Non-Metropolitan%20Territories%29%20Convention%2C%201947 |
Juliana Martins (born 3 October 1984 in José Bonifácio, São Paulo state) is a Brazilian model. She worked for Sports Illustrated, and contested in the 1997 Elite Model Look. Juliana Martins was labeled the "Brazilian Cindy Crawford" by John Casablancas when she was thirteen years old .
Print
Marie Claire
Sports Illustrated
External links
Juliana Martins at Askmen
References
IstoÉ magazine
Living people
1984 births
Brazilian female models
People from São Paulo (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana%20Martins |
Operation Hannibal was a German naval operation involving the evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from the Courland Pocket, East Prussia, West Prussia and Pomerania from mid-January to May 1945 as the Red Army advanced during the East Prussian and East Pomeranian Offensives and subsidiary operations. The operation was one of the largest evacuations by sea in history.
Background
Planning for Operation Hannibal started in late 1944, although it was done quietly since Hitler opposed such measures. The coordination of the evacuations was entrusted to Rear Admiral . By the end of 1944, Engelhardt had assembled a fleet of 22 passenger liners, each weighing over . Overall responsibility of the operation went to Admiral Oskar Kummetz. In early 1945, the Germans had two Escort Divisions in the area, the and the . ()
The 9th Escort Division mainly consisted of minesweepers.
The East Prussian Offensive by the Red Army's 3rd Belarusian Front under General Ivan Chernyakhovsky commenced on January 13, 1945 and, with Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front, subsequently cut off East Prussia between January 23 and February 10, 1945. German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz ordered General Admiral Oskar Kummetz, as Naval High Commander, Baltic, and Rear Admiral Konrad Engelhardt, head of the Kriegsmarine's shipping department, to plan and execute the Rettungsaktion (evacuation operation). Dönitz radioed a message to Gotenhafen in occupied Poland on January 23, 1945, to begin evacuations to ports outside the Soviet area of operations. The operation was codenamed Hannibal.
On 19 February, the Wehrmacht had managed to open up a corridor from Königsberg to Pillau, which allowed thousands of refugees to escape and wait for ships in Pillau, which would eventually transport them west of the Polish Corridor. Refugees also came from Cranz, Heiligenbeil, Elbing and . By 8 April as many as 450,000 refugees were in Pillau.
The flood of military personnel and German civilians eventually turned the operation into one of the largest evacuations by sea in history, even larger than the far more widely known British evacuation of Dunkirk five years earlier. Over a period of 15 weeks, somewhere between 494 and 1,080 merchant vessels of all types, including fishing boats and other craft, and utilizing Germany's largest remaining naval units, carried between 800,000 and 900,000 German civilians and 350,000 soldiers across the Baltic Sea to Germany and German-occupied Denmark.
Operations
Start
Operation Hannibal commenced on January 23, 1945. At first, only 14 liners were available along with twenty-three
freighters of more than 5,000 tons and many other smaller ships. On January 30, Wilhelm Gustloff, Hansa, and the whaling factory ship Walter Rau left the harbor at Gotenhafen in occupied Poland, bound for Kiel. Hansa was forced to return to port with mechanical trouble, but the Gustloff, overcrowded with more than 10,000 civilians and military personnel aboard, continued. She was torpedoed and sunk by the Soviet submarine S-13 off the Pomeranian coast, with possibly as many as 9,500 deaths, the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history. Those on Walter Rau eventually reached Eckernförde.
On February 9, the SS General von Steuben sailed from Pillau with between 3,000 and 4,000 mostly military personnel on board, heading for Swinemünde. She was also sunk by the S-13, just after midnight, with 650 survivors.
In early March, a task force composed of the German cruiser Admiral Scheer accompanied by three German destroyers and the Elbing-class torpedo boat were giving cover to a German bridgehead near Wollin. During that operation, naval small craft evacuated over 75,000 soldiers and civilians who had been isolated in that area. They were taken to larger warships and other transports lying offshore. While a number of these transports were sunk, large liners such as SS Deutschland got through and carried up to 11,000 soldiers and civilians each.
During the night of April 4–5, a flotilla of small boats and landing craft evacuated over 30,000 soldiers and civilians from Oxhöfter Kämpe and took them to Hela. It is estimated that nearly 265,000 people were evacuated from Danzig (modern Gdańsk) to Hela during the month of April alone.
On April 15, another large convoy consisting of four liners and other transports left Hela with over 20,000 soldiers and civilians. On April 16, the Goya was torpedoed and sunk by L-3, with the loss of over 6,000 lives; 183 survived.
Initially, on his becoming Reich President on May 1, Karl Dönitz was determined to continue the war, going so far as to instruct Generaloberst Carl Hilpert that combat troops would have priority in evacuation to Germany from the Courland Pocket. It was not until the afternoon of May 6, with British troops practically on his doorstep, that he gave up on that plan.
From May 1 to May 8, over 150,000 people were evacuated from the beaches of Hela. At 21:00 on May 8, 1945, the last day of the war, a convoy consisting of 92 large and small vessels left the Latvian city of Liepāja () with 18,000 soldiers and civilians. While several hundred of those who had boarded small ships on the last day of the war or after were captured by Soviet MTBs, evacuations to the west continued for at least a week after all such movements were prohibited by the terms of the German surrender.
Shortages
Shortages plagued the operation with food and medicine being seen as primary issues for the Nazi administration, causing a trend of elderly and very young children to die on board the rescue ships. Other shortages included only a three-week supply of coal remaining for the sea transport tasks and only a ten-day supply for rail transports to move troops to the front, with fuel being at its lowest levels since the war began.
Losses
In addition to the Goya, Wilhelm Gustloff, and General von Steuben, 158 other merchant vessels were lost during the 15-week course of Operation Hannibal (January 23 – May 8, 1945).
See also
Evacuation of East Prussia
References
Sources
Baltic Sea operations of World War II
Evacuations
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II
January 1945 events in Europe
February 1945 events in Europe
March 1945 events in Europe
April 1945 events in Europe
May 1945 events in Europe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Hannibal |
Lake Hazen is a freshwater lake in the northern part of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, north of the Arctic Circle.
It is the largest lake north of the Arctic Circle by volume. By surface area it is third largest, after Lake Taymyr in Russia and Lake Inari in Finland.
The area around the lake is a thermal oasis within a polar desert, with summer temperatures up to .
The lake itself is covered by ice about ten months a year. It is fed by glaciers (most importantly Henrietta Nesmith and the Gilmour Glaciers) from the surrounding Eureka Uplands—Palaeozoic rocks north of the lake, rising up to above sea level—and drained by the Ruggles River, which flows into Chandler Fjord on the northern east coast of Ellesmere Land. The lake is flanked by the Arctic Cordillera.
The lake is long and up to wide, with an area of . It stretches in a southwest–northeast direction from to . The lake is up to deep and has an estimated volume of 51.4 km3. The shoreline is long and above sea level.
The lake has several islands, the largest of them being Johns Island, which is long and less than wide, also extending in a southwest–northeast direction like the lake itself. Other islands include Gatter Island, Clay Island (both close to the northeastern shore), Whisler Island, and Dyas Island (both close to the southern shore).
Lake Hazen is often called the northernmost lake of Canada, but detailed maps show several smaller lakes up to more than farther north. Turnabout Lake is immediately northeast of the northern end of Lake Hazen. Still further north are the Upper and Lower Lakes, with Upper Dumbell Lake southwest of Alert, Canada's northernmost settlement on the coast of Lincoln Sea, Arctic Ocean.
The northeastern end of Lake Hazen is southwest of Alert.
The lake is part of Quttinirpaaq National Park.
Artifacts of Thule civilization were discovered near Lake Hazen in 2004. These included ruins of a stone dwelling near the Ruggles River and discarded fish bones, suggesting an overwintering fishing camp where the strong current resisted freezing-over. The Thule were ancestors of the Inuit. In 1882, Adolphus Greely was the first European to discover the lake during his 1881–1883 expedition. He named the lake in honour of General William Babcock Hazen, who had organized the expedition. Camp Hazen was established on the northern shore of the lake in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and has been used by various scientific parties since then.
Lake Hazen is populated by two morphotypes of Arctic char, a larger and a smaller. Studies in the 1990s indicated neither char morphotype is anadromous, but Inuit traditional knowledge states otherwise.
Named inflows
All named rivers and creeks are listed in a clockwise manner, starting in the south:
At the southwestern end (from south to north):
Very River
Adams River
On the northwest coast (from southwest to northeast):
Turnstone River
Henrietta River
Ptarmigan Creek
Blister Creek
Skeleton Creek
Snow Goose River
Abbé River
Cuesta Creek
Mesa Creek
Gilman River
At the northeast end (from north to south):
Turnabout River
Salor Creek
On the southeast coast (only in the southwest, near the southwest end of the lake):
Cobb River
Traverse River
Tourism
Hikers can start their hiking trips at Lake Hazen itself, or from Tanquary Fiord warden station at Tanquary Fiord Airport southwest of the lake.
In popular culture
The location is the object of a major story plot in the movie The Midnight Sky, although the actual filming was done in Iceland.
References
Hazen, Lake
Ellesmere Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Hazen |
Black Christ may refer to:
a black or blackened wooden sculpture of Jesus Christ, such as:
Cristo Negro (Portobelo), celebrated in the town of Portobelo in the Colón Province of Panama with a festival on October 21.
Black Christ of Esquipulas
Temple of Santa María Ahuacatlán, Valle de Bravo, Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Christ |
Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in liver. Mere deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes.
There are 2 main types of fatty liver disease (FLD):
Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) (previously non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD)
Alcohol-associated (Alcohol-related) Liver Disease (ALD)
Risk factors for MASLD include diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. When inflammation is present it is referred to as alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic (metabolic dysfunction associated) steatohepatitis (MASH, previously NASH). Steatohepatitis of either cause may progress to cirrhosis, and MASH is now believed to be a frequent cause of unexplained cirrhosis (at least in Western societies). MASH is also associated with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.
The word is from steato-, meaning "fat" and hepatitis, meaning "inflammation of the liver".
Alcoholic steatohepatitis
Chronic alcohol intake commonly causes steatohepatitis.
Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)
Previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is fatty liver disease due to causes other than alcohol. No pharmacological treatment has received approval as of 2015 for NASH. Some studies suggest diet, exercise, and antiglycemic drugs may alter the course of the disease. General recommendations include improving metabolic risk factors and reducing alcohol intake. NASH was first described in 1980 in a series of patients of the Mayo Clinic. Its relevance and high prevalence were recognized mainly in the 1990s. Some think NASH is a diagnosis of exclusion, and many cases may in fact be due to other causes.
See also
Chronic liver disease
Steatosis
Aramchol
Elafibranor
References
External links
Hepatitis
Diseases of liver
pt:Esteato-hepatite não alcoólica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatohepatitis |
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6 (DHCPv6) is a network protocol for configuring Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) hosts with IP addresses, IP prefixes, default route, local segment MTU, and other configuration data required to operate in an IPv6 network. It is not just the IPv6 equivalent of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv4.
IPv6 hosts may automatically generate IP addresses internally using stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), or they may be assigned configuration data with DHCPv6.
IPv6 hosts that use stateless autoconfiguration may require information other than an IP address or route. DHCPv6 can be used to acquire this information, even though it is not being used to configure IP addresses. DHCPv6 is not necessary for configuring hosts with the addresses of Domain Name System (DNS) servers, because they can be configured using Neighbor Discovery Protocol, which is also the mechanism for stateless autoconfiguration.
Many IPv6 routers, such as routers for residential networks, must be configured automatically with no operator intervention. Such routers require not only an IPv6 address for use in communicating with upstream routers, but also an IPv6 prefix for use in configuring devices on the downstream side of the router. DHCPv6 prefix delegation provides a mechanism for configuring such routers.
Operation
Port numbers
Clients listen for DHCP messages on UDP port 546. Servers and relay agents listen for DHCP messages on UDP port 547.
Identifiers
DHCP unique identifier
The DHCP unique identifier (DUID) is used by a client to get an IP address from a DHCPv6 server. It has a 2-byte DUID type field, and a variable-length identifier field up to 128 bytes. Its actual length depends on its type. The server compares the DUID with its database and delivers configuration data (address, lease times, DNS servers, etc.) to the client.
Four DUID types are identified:
Link-layer address plus time (DUID-LLT)
Vendor-assigned unique ID based on enterprise number (DUID-EN)
Link-layer address (DUID-LL)
UUID-based DUID (DUID-UUID)
RFC 6939: Client Link-Layer Address Option
Due to the fact that it is difficult to manage multiple identifiers in a dual-stack environment, and the fact that DUIDs are simply not optimal for some situations, RFC 6939 was released, giving a way to identify a host based on its MAC address. It defines a way for a DHCPv6 relay to pass that information to a DHCPv6 server.
Example
In this example, without rapid-commit present, the server's link-local address is and the client's link-local address is .
Client sends a solicit from []:546 to multicast address []:547.
Server replies with an advertise from []:547 to []:546.
Client replies with a request from []:546 to []:547.
Server finishes with a reply from []:547 to []:546.
DHCPv6 Message types
This table lists the DHCPv6 message types.
IETF standards
, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)" - Obsoletes RFC 3315, RFC 3633, RFC 3736, RFC 4242, RFC 7083, RFC 7283, RFC 7550.
, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv6) Options for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Servers"
, "DNS Configuration options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"
, "The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Client Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) Option"
, "DHCPv6 Leasequery"
, "Lightweight DHCPv6 Relay Agent" (LDRA) - Updates RFC 3315, Errata
, "Definition of the UUID-Based DHCPv6 Unique Identifier (DUID-UUID)"
, "Client Link-Layer Address Option in DHCPv6"
, "DHCPv6 Active Leasequery"
See also
Comparison of DHCP server software
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Neighbor Discovery Protocol, which also supports DNS Configuration
Prefix delegation, which allows a DHCPv6 client to obtain a whole prefix.
References
External links
IANA DHCPv6 Parameters
IPv6 Intelligence: DHCPv6, comparison of DHCPv6 packages and implementations (Last updated: April, 2009)
IPv6 Ready: DHCPv6, list of IPv6 Phase II Certified DHCPv6 implementations (Last updated: December, 2012)
IPv6
Application layer protocols
de:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol#DHCPv6 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHCPv6 |
The Kot Diji Fort (; ;Fort of the Daughter), formally known as Fort Ahmadabad, is an 18th-century Talpur-era fort located in the town of Kot Diji in Khairpur District, Pakistan, about 25 miles east of the Indus River at the edge of the Thar Desert. The fort sits above a pre-Harappan Civilization archaeological site dating to 2500 to 2800 B.C.E.
Background
The Kot Diji Fort was built by Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur, between 1785 and 1795. The site sits on a hill at the southern end of the Rohri Hills, and sits above a prehistoric mound of the same name, where remains of a pre-Harappan civilization have been found.
Structure
The fort sits atop a 110 foot tall high hill that rises above the city of Kot Diji. The fort's 30 foot tall walls encircle the uppermost portion of the fort, resulting a narrow-width fortress with perimeter of 1.8 kilometres. The fort contains three strategically placed towers that are each 50 feet tall. The fort contains several sites for cannon placement, and contains numerous inner passages for protection. The fort also contains a water reservoir, munition storage, prison, courtroom, numerous cells for security personnel, and a small regal residence.
Conservation
Government of Pakistan has declared it a protected heritage site in Pakistan, though it has been noted that portions of the fort are under control of powerful local families.
Gallery
See also
List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
List of forts in Pakistan
List of museums in Pakistan
References
External links
Kot Diji (Interior Architecture )
Kot Diji
Forts in Sindh
Tourist attractions in Sindh
Buildings and structures in Khairpur District
Talpur dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot%20Diji%20Fort |
Infernal Eternal is the second live album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded in France during the World Panzer Battle tour and released on october 31, 2000 by Regain Records.
Track listing
Trivia
Infernal Eternal is titled after a song of the same name which appeared on Marduk's 1996 album Heaven Shall Burn... When We Are Gathered.
Personnel
Marduk
Legion – vocals
Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
B. War – bass
Fredrik Andersson – drums
Guests
David Decobert - live recording
Joe Petagno - cover art
References
Albums with cover art by Joe Petagno
2000 live albums
Marduk (band) live albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infernal%20Eternal |
Big Run is a tributary stream of the South Branch Potomac River, belonging to the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay watersheds. Big Run flows through the city of Romney and the campus of the West Virginia Schools for the Deaf and Blind in Hampshire County, West Virginia. The stream is known by local residents as Town Run and Town Creek.
Headwaters and course
Big Run rises on the western flanks of South Branch Mountain to the east of Romney. From its source, the stream parallels the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) as it travels down the mountain. From the base of South Branch Mountain, Big Run flows under Grassy Lick Road (County Route 10) and beneath the old Miller's Market store followed by US 50. Once it flows north of US 50, Big Run meanders around the Koolwink Motel and continues to parallel the highway. On its northwestern track, the stream trickles through a number of residential communities before entering the grounds of the West Virginia Schools for the Deaf and Blind. At the WVSDB, Big Run serves as a forested scenic stream that meanders through the school's grounds. As of 2008, the old dam behind the school's maintenance buildings remains.
From the school, Big Run continues to the northwest by the community's Little League baseball field and below Romney's Savilla-Vale neighborhood. After it flows beneath High Street (West Virginia Route 28), Big Run parallels WV 28 moving northward and passes through the Hampshire County Industrial Park. It then flows beneath the South Branch Valley Railroad and passes the old "Cold Storage" facility and Wappocomo farm before it empties into the South Branch Potomac River.
Flora
Trees along the creek's path include White oak (Quercus alba), Pin oak (Quercus palustris), Silver maple (Acer saccharinum), Sugar maple (Acer saccharum), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), American Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis).
Bridges
See also
List of rivers of West Virginia
References
External links
Rivers of Hampshire County, West Virginia
Rivers of West Virginia
Tributaries of the Potomac River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Run%20%28South%20Branch%20Potomac%20River%20tributary%29 |
The Convention concerning the Right of Association and the Settlement of Labour Disputes in Non-Metropolitan Territories is an International Labour Organization Convention on the rights of workers in non-metropoliton territories (e.g. dependent territories, or DOMTOMs) to form and be active in labour unions.
Ratifications
As of 2022, the convention has been ratified by nine states.
See also
Right of Association (Agriculture) Convention
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Freedom of association
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1947
Treaties entered into force in 1953
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Fiji
Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
Treaties of Mauritania
Treaties of Mauritius
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of the Solomon Islands
Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic
Treaties of the United Kingdom
1947 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right%20of%20Association%20%28Non-Metropolitan%20Territories%29%20Convention |
Trần Đức Thảo (Từ Sơn, Bắc Ninh, 26 September 1917 – Paris, 24 April 1993) was a Vietnamese philosopher. His work (written primarily in French) attempted to unite phenomenology with Marxist philosophy. His work had some currency in France in the 1950s and 1960s, and was cited favorably by Jacques Derrida, Jean-François Lyotard and Louis Althusser.
Life
Studies in France
Trần Đức Thảo was born in Hanoi, French Indochina, he was educated there, completing his baccalaureate at 17. In 1936, he continued his studies in France, becoming a student of Maurice Merleau-Ponty at the École Normale Supérieure where he wrote a dissertation for a diplôme d’études supérieures on Hegel. In 1943, he completed his agrégation with a thesis on the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, being received premier ex aequo alongside Jules Vuillemin. Through the 1940s, he worked on his first book, Phenomenology and Dialectical Materialism. The book argued that the defects of the phenomenological account of consciousness could only be remedied by the Marxist account of labor and society. In the 1940s and 50s, Trần Đức Thảo's ideas achieved some currency among the elite philosophical circles of France. At the same time, he became an active anti-colonialist, publishing articles in Jean-Paul Sartre and Merleau-Ponty's journal Les Temps modernes about colonialism in Indochina; these articles were read by Frantz Fanon and other anticolonialists. From October to December 1945, Trần Đức Thảo was jailed by the French government as a threat to its security.
Return to Vietnam, 1951
Phenomenology and Dialectical Materialism was published in 1951, and in the same year he returned to Vietnam, working in support of the Communist Party. In 1956, he was named the Dean of History in the country's first national university.
But he became critical of the Party over land reforms which had led to many deaths in 1956, and Trần Đức Thảo was caught up in the Nhan Van-Giai Pham affair in which the dissident intellectuals of the late 1950s were publicly criticized or punished. Though Tran Duc Thao was never jailed, he fell out of favor with the ruling Party, publishing two self-criticisms in Nhân Dân and leaving his position of authority in 1958. None of his work was published in his home country from 1965 until 1987.
Work on Recherches sur l'origine du langage et de la conscience
For the next thirty years, his profile was lower, as he worked in the rural provinces translating philosophy into Vietnamese and preparing his book Investigations into the Origin of Language and Consciousness. This book, published in France in 1973, combined materialist biological and cognitive accounts of subjectivity and consciousness with the Marxist account he had elaborated earlier. In the liberalized political climate of the 1980s, he was able to return to France for medical treatment, and there he met many of his old philosophical colleagues again, although he lived in poverty in an apartment at the Vietnamese embassy. He died in Paris in 1993 and was cremated at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.
Works
Phénoménologie et matérialisme dialectique (1951), Phenomenology and Dialectical Materialism English edition:
“The Phenomenology of Mind and its Real Content”. Telos 8 (Summer 1971). New York: Telos Press.
Recherches sur l'origine du langage et de la conscience (1973) Investigations into the Origin of Language and Consciousness . English edition:
References
Herrick, Tim. "'A book which is no longer discussed today': Tran Duc Thao, Jacques Derrida, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Journal of the History of Ideas 66:1 (2005).
McHale, Shawn. "Vietnamese Marxism, Dissent, and the Politics of Postcolonial Memory: Tran Duc Thao, 1946-1993." Journal of Asian Studies 61:1 (Feb. 2002).
Spire, Arnaud. "Tran Duc Thao, un marxiste dérangeant" (obituary). L'Humanité 26 April 1993. (In French.)
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. "L’origine du langage chez Tran-Duc-Thao. Perspectives historiques et enjeux théoriques", dans Valentina Bisconti, Rossana De Angelis & Anamaria Curea "Héritages, réceptions, écoles en sciences du langage. Avant et après Saussure", p. 265-272. Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle 2019.
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. "Prefazione del curatore", in Tran Duc Thao, "La dialettica materialista della coscienza", ed. by Jacopo D’Alonzo, p. 5-24. Roma: Castelvecchi Editore 2019.
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. "Langage intérieur et origine de la conscience: le cas de Tran Duc Thao". Histoire Epistémologie Language 41.1:159-177. Paris: SHESL 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/hel/2019008]
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. ". Tran-Duc-Thao and the Language of the Real Life." Language Sciences 70:45-57 [Special Issue: Karl Marx and the Language Sciences: critical encounters ed. by Peter E Jones]. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2018.
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. "Tran-Duc-Thao: Consciousness & Language. Report of the Centenary Conference." Acta Structuralica - International Journal for Structuralist Research 3:31-50. 2018.
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. "semiologia dialettica di Tran-Duc-Thao: Alcune considerazioni su Saussure, fenomenologia e strutturalismo". Acta Structuralica - International Journal for Structuralist Research 2:1.53-86. 2017.
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. "L’origine del linguaggio e della coscienza. Storia di un libro mai pubblicato: dal carteggio inedito tra Ferruccio Rossi-Landi e Tran-Duc-Thao." Acta Structuralica - International Journal for Structuralist Research 2:1.87-152. 2017.
D'Alonzo, Jacopo. Trần Đức Thảo: A Marxist Theory on Origins of Human Language. " Theoria et Historia Scientiarum 13 The origins and development of language: a historical perspective, pp. 103–120. Nicolaus Copernicus University Press. 2016.
External links
Tran Duc Thao resources from viet-studies.org. (In English, French, and Vietnamese.)
Vietnamese writers
20th-century Vietnamese philosophers
1917 births
1993 deaths
Phenomenologists
Marxist theorists
Nhân Văn–Giai Phẩm affair
People from Bắc Ninh province
Vietnamese Marxists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tran%20Duc%20Thao |
Lorenzo D'Anna (born 29 January 1972) is an Italian football manager and former player, last in charge as head coach of Serie C club Trento.
Playing career
D'Anna was a centre back, and was the captain of A.C. ChievoVerona of Serie A, with over 300 matches played for the flying donkeys. He played for Chievo from 1994 to 2007.
Before joining Chievo, D'Anna also played for Como, Pro Sesto and Fiorentina.
Coaching career
On 9 July 2013 he was appointed manager of Südtirol in Lega Pro Prima Divisione; and sacked the next October.
On 29 April 2018, he was promoted as head coach of Chievo after the sacking of Rolando Maran.
On 27 March 2022, D'Anna returned to management as the new head coach of Serie C club Trento. After completing the season and saving the club from relegation, he was confirmed in charge of the club for the 2022–23 season, but was sacked on 9 October 2022 due to negative results.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Lecco
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Como 1907 players
ACF Fiorentina players
AC ChievoVerona players
Pro Sesto 1913 players
Piacenza Calcio 1919 players
Treviso FBC 1993 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
FC Südtirol managers
AC ChievoVerona managers
Serie A managers
Serie C managers
Italian football managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo%20D%27Anna |
Bradbury Wilkinson & Co were an English engraver and printer of banknotes, postage stamps and share certificates.
History
The original company was established in the 1850s by Henry Bradbury and begun printing banknotes in 1856. Bradbury then died in 1860. In 1873–74, the firm built an imposing six-storey workshop, for engraving printing plates, in Holborn, London at 25 and 27 Farringdon Road, which is now a Grade II-listed building.
The company printed the first series of the Imperial Bank of Persia banknotes that were issued in 1890.
In 1903, the company was acquired by the American Bank Note Company. In 1917, it moved to New Malden in Surrey still operating as Bradbury-Wilkinson as a wholly owned subsidiary of ABNC.
In 1983, Bradbury Wilkinson created a form of polymer banknote using Du Pont's Tyvek material; this was marketed as Bradvek and used to print 1-pound banknotes for the Isle of Man. In 1986 the company was acquired by De La Rue. The site is now occupied by the Shannon Corner Tesco supermarket. The last Bradbury Wilkinson plant was shut down by De La Rue in 1990.
In 2015 a Seychelles 50 rupee banknote (worth £2.50 or $4), originally issued between 1968 and 1973, featuring Queen Elizabeth II and covertly depicting the word "sex", was sold at auction in the UK for £336 (around $500). Many think Bradbury Wilkinson's engraver Brian Fox put it in.
References
Manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Bradbury
Currency designers
Banknote printing companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradbury%20Wilkinson%20and%20Company |
Mayaheros urophthalmus, also known as the Mayan cichlid or Mexican mojarra is a species of cichlid.
Taxonomy
Previously, this species was a member of the genus Cichlasoma and the subgeneric section Nandopsis. However, the genus Cichlasoma is in revision and has been restricted to the 12 species of South American cichlids related to Cichlasoma bimaculatum. Thus, many of the approximately 100 species that were formerly members of Cichlasoma have yet to be formally assigned to new genera.
Distribution
This species can be found in Middle America. It is native to the Atlantic slope of tropical Mesoamerica, ranging from eastern Mexico southward to Nicaragua. It was first recorded from Everglades National Park, Florida in 1983 and is now a common nonindigenous fish in South Florida.
Habitat
The Mayan cichlid inhabits freshwater marshes, mangrove swamps, lakes, rivers, rocky shorelines, lagoons, estuaries, and coastal islands. Adults prefer coastal lagoons and rivers and may survive in marine conditions. It can be found in oxygen-rich areas near submerged vegetation and over muddy substrates. Despite its preference for waters with dissolved oxygen content of at least 3.5 mg/L, though, it is capable of surviving in extreme hypoxia, because it is an oxygen conformer, becoming much less active in hypoxic water, and even surviving virtual anoxia for up to two hours. Unusually, this fish has been recorded in some cenotes in the Yucatan Peninsula.
Description
Mayaheros urophthalmus reaches a maximum length of . This fish is one of the larger cichlids. The body is oval and flattened on the sides and the head is tapering towards the mouth. Fins are spiny. It has a base color of yellow-brown to gray-brown in most cases, that becomes intense red during breeding. The head and throat are reddish, especially in younger fish. The caudal fin and the soft-sections of the dorsal and anal fin are usually more or less reddish. Six wide green-black vertical stripes run across the sides of the body between the base of the pectoral fin and the base of the caudal fin. There is a large black eye spot circled with blue-green on the tail stem (hence the species scientific name urophthalmus (from oura, Greek for tail and ophthalmos, Greek for eye). Since the distribution area of the species is relatively large, this species may occurs in different colors, which may differ from the one described above.
Human relevance
In its native range, the Mayan cichlid is a popular food fish. For this reason it is the basis of a regional fishery, is commonly used in aquaculture. As in many animals, the red color is much more brilliant in wild specimens than captive ones, but one can help maintain some of its vibrance by feeding the fish live foods and foods that contain Vitamin A, which breaks down into the red pigment beta-carotene in the body.
It is among the most-studied of the Neotropical cichlids. To date, the Mayan cichlid has been most intensively studied at localities in southeastern Mexico on or near the Yucatán Peninsula.
Biology
The Mayan cichlid is philopatric, or site tenacious, i.e. - individuals are non-migratory and prefer to stay within a home range. The Mayan cichlid has a minimum temperature requirement of about . In its native range, it inhabits waters with temperatures from , but its optimal temperature range is .
The Mayan cichlid is capable of surviving in a variety of conditions. It is euryhaline and can survive in a range of salinity from 0 - 40 ppt. Experiments on captive specimens have shown that it can tolerate abrupt increases in salinity of up to 15 ppt. The Mayan cichlid has a broad range of tolerance to abiotic conditions and a broad functional repertoire to enable it to feed on about 20% of evasive prey due to its 6.8% jaw protrusion while feeding.
This species is also a dietary generalist, consuming organisms from a variety of disparate taxa. However, it is susceptible to malnourishment, apparently due to the requirement that a relatively large proportion of its diet be animal prey. The Mayan cichlid's diet includes plant matter, smaller fish, algae, detritus, snails, crustaceans, and insects.
Reproduction
The Mayan cichlid is territorial and aggressive when breeding. As parents, Mayan cichlids are highly protective of their young, and they have several broods per year. This species is a monogamous, biparental substrate spawner that exhibits minimal sexual dimorphism and guards its fry for up to six weeks. All of these traits are greatly developed and represent an extreme in the general pattern found in the genus Mayaheros. In Mexico, the Mayan cichlid spawns for a nine-month period from March to November, particularly during the wet season from June to September. This corresponds to a period when the water temperature is at least 24 degrees Celsius. Multiple broods are raised per year. The fry appear to be adapted to lotic water. They exhibit strongly positive geotactic behavior, actively swimming down to the substrate upon hatching from the egg and adhering themselves to the bottom by means of three pairs of mucous glands.
See also
List of freshwater aquarium fish species
References
External links
Heroini
Cichlid fish of Central America
Cichlid fish of North America
Freshwater fish of Mexico
Freshwater fish of the United States
Fish of Guatemala
Fish of Nicaragua
Taxa named by Albert Günther
Fish described in 1862
Articles containing video clips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayaheros%20urophthalmus |
Murut may refer to:
Murut people, an ethnic group of the northern inland regions of Borneo
Murutic languages or Murut languages, spoken by those people
Tagol Murut language, the most widely spoken of the Murutic languages
Murut, Azerbaijan, a village
Language and nationality disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murut |
This is a list of São Paulo Metro stations. Only urban bus terminals were quoted in this page. (Some stations have nearby bus lines, but they are technically not in the terminal. Tucuruvi (line 1) and Guilhermina-Esperança (line 3) stations, for example.)
Line 1 (Blue)
Obs.: Line 11 (East Express) is being converted into metro standard, but it won't be line 6-Orange.Line 8 doesn't pass through Luz station. Its terminus is at Júlio Prestes Station, two blocks away from Luz station.
Line 2 (Green)
Obs.: The subprefecture of Bela Vista doesn't exist. Bela Vista's district belongs to subprefecture of Sé.
Paulista Avenue is used as a line of division of subprefectures. Consequently, this line is between those subprefectures
Line 3 (Red)
Obs.: Line 11 (East Express) is being converted into metro standard, but it won't be line 6-Orange.Nowadays, Luz station is the terminus of line 11. There are projects to extend it to Barra Funda station.
Bresser's bus terminal is no longer in activity.
Line 4 (Yellow)
Obs.: Line 11 (East Express) is being converted into metro standard, but it won't be line 6-Orange.Line 8 doesn't pass through Luz station. Its terminus is at Júlio Prestes station, two blocks far from Luz station.
Line 5 (Lilac)
Line 15 (Silver)
References
São Paulo
São Paulo metro stations
Metro stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20Metro%20stations |
Labour Inspectorates (Non-Metropolitan Territories) Convention, 1947 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1947 with the preamble stating:
Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 11 states. One state—Australia—has subsequently denounced the convention. It is in force in Tanzania based on the ratification of Zanzibar, which took place two days before Zanzibar merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1947
Treaties entered into force in 1955
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey
Treaties of Fiji
Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
Treaties of Papua New Guinea
Treaties of the Somali Republic
Treaties of the Sultanate of Zanzibar
Treaties of Togo
Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
Treaties of the United Kingdom
1947 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour%20Inspectorates%20%28Non-Metropolitan%20Territories%29%20Convention%2C%201947 |
The Porsche 953 was a heavily modified variant of the 911, designed and built specifically to compete in the 1984 Paris–Dakar Rally. It was a short lived model, as it was replaced in 1985 by the 959. It is sometimes referred to as the 911 4x4, as it used the developmental, manually controlled four-wheel drive system that was intended to be used on the 959. Travelling on an extremely enhanced suspension, powered by a , 6-cylinder engine, and weighing in at , it was extremely successful. Three of them were entered into the Paris-Dakar Rally, one taking overall first place.
References
External links
Driving the Paris-Dakar Porsche 953 at Goodwood
953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche%20953 |
American Horse (Oglala Lakota: Wašíčuŋ Tȟašúŋke in Standard Lakota Orthography) (a/k/a "American Horse the Elder") (1830–September 9, 1876) was an Oglala Lakota warrior chief renowned for courage and honor. American Horse is notable in American history as one of the principal war chiefs allied with Crazy Horse during Red Cloud's War (1866–1868) and the Battle of the Little Bighorn during the Great Sioux War of 1876–1877. Chief American Horse was a son of Old Chief Smoke, an Oglala Lakota head chief and one of the last great Shirt Wearers, a highly prestigious Lakota warrior society. He was a signatory to the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, along with his brothers Chief Red Cloud and Chief Blue Horse. A month or so after the Treaty, American Horse was chosen a "Ogle Tanka Un" (Shirt Wearer, or war leader) along with Crazy Horse, Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses and Man That Owns a Sword. On September 9, 1876, American Horse was mortally wounded in the Battle of Slim Buttes fighting to protect his family and defending against the white invasion of the "Paha Sapa" Black Hills.
The Smoke People
Chief American Horse was a son of Old Chief Smoke. Old Chief Smoke was an Oglala Lakota head chief and one of the last great Shirt Wearers, a highly prestigious Lakota warrior society. The Smoke People were one of the most prominent Lakota families of the 18th and 19th centuries. Old Chief Smoke was one of the first Lakota chiefs to appreciate the power of the whites, their overwhelming numbers and the futility of war. He appreciated the need for association and learned the customs of the whites. Old Chief Smoke had five wives and many children. Old Chief Smoke's sons carried the Smoke People legacy of leadership in Oglala Lakota culture into the early 20th century. The children of Old Chief Smoke were Spotted Horse Woman, Chief Big Mouth (1822-1869), Chief Blue Horse (1822-1908), Chief Red Cloud (1822-1909), Chief American Horse (1830-1876), Chief Bull Bear III, Chief Solomon Smoke II, Chief No Neck and Woman Dress (1846-1920).
Treaty of Ft. Laramie 1868
Chief American Horse was one of the principal war chiefs allied with Crazy Horse and Red Cloud during Red Cloud's War (1866-1868). American Horse was a signatory to the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, along with Chief Red Cloud and Chief Blue Horse, his brothers. The treaty was an agreement between the United States and the Lakota Nation guaranteeing the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills "Paha Sapa" and land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming and Montana. The Powder River Country was to be henceforth closed to all whites. The Treaty ended Red Cloud's War. A month or so after the Treaty of 1868, four "Ogle Tanka Un" (Shirt Wearers, or war leaders) were chosen: Crazy Horse, American Horse, Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses and Man That Owns a Sword.
Crook's Horsemeat March
Crook's "Horsemeat March" marked the beginning of one of the most grueling marches in American military history. Crook's command consisted of about 2,200 men: 1,500 cavalry, 450 infantry, 240 Indian scouts, and a contingent of civilian employees, including 44 white scouts and packers. Crook's civilian scouts included Frank Grouard, Baptiste “Big Bat” Pourier, Baptiste “Little Bat” Garnier, Captain Jack Crawford and Charles "Buffalo Chips" White. News of the defeat of George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of the Little Big Horn on June 25 and 26, 1876, arrived in the East as the U.S. was observing its centennial. The American public was dismayed and called to punish the Sioux. On August 26, 1876, with his men rationed for fifteen days, a determined General Crook departed from the Powder River and headed east toward the Little Missouri pursuing the Indians. Crook feared that Indians would scatter to seek game rather than meet the soldiers in combat after the fight with Custer. All other commanders had withdrawn from pursuit, but Crook resolved to teach the Indians a lesson. He meant to show that neither distance, bad weather, the loss of horses nor the absence of rations could deter the U.S. Army from following its enemies to the bitter end. War correspondents with national newspapers fought alongside General Crook and reported the campaign by telegraph. Correspondents embedded with Crook were Robert Edmund Strahorn for The New York Times, Chicago Tribune and the Rocky Mountain News; John F. Finerty for the Chicago Times; Reuben Briggs Davenport for the New York Herald and Joe Wasson for the New York Tribune and The Daily Alta California (San Francisco).
Chief American Horse at Slim Buttes
The Battle of Slim Buttes was fought on September 9 and 10, 1876, in the Great Sioux Reservation between the United States Army and the Sioux. The Battle of Slim Buttes was the first U.S. Army victory after Custer's defeat at the Battle of the Little Big Horn on June 25 and 26, 1876, in the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877. Brigadier General George R. Crook, one of the U.S. Army's ablest Indian fighters led the "Horsemeat March", one of the most grueling military expeditions in American history destroying Oglala Chief American Horse's village at Slim Buttes and repelling a counter-attack by Crazy Horse. The American public was fixed on news of the defeat of General George Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn; and war correspondents with national newspapers fought alongside General Crook and reported the events. The Battle of Slim Buttes signaled a series of punitive blows that ultimately broke Sioux armed resistance to reservation captivity and forced their loss of the Black Hills "Paha Sapa".
The Village
Following the Battle of the Little Big Horn, Lakota leaders split up, each doing what they thought best for their people. Most were heading back to the reservations. On September 9, 1876, Chief American Horse's camp of 37 lodges, about 260 people, of whom 30 to 40 were warriors, was attacked and destroyed by General George Crook at the Battle of Slim Buttes. Chief American Horse's camp was a rich prize. "It was the season when the wild plums ripen. All the agency Sioux were drifting back to the agencies with their packs full of dried meat, buffalo tongues, fresh and dried buffalo berries, wild cherries, plums and all the staples and dainties which tickled the Indian palate." The lodges were full of furs and meat, and it seemed to be a very rich village. Crook destroyed food, seized three or four hundred ponies, arms and ammunition, furs and blankets.
In a dispatch written for the Omaha Daily Bee, Captain Jack Crawford described the cornucopia he encountered: "Tepees full of dried meats, skins, bead work, and all that an Indian's head could wish for." Of significance, troopers recovered items from the Battle of Little Bighorn, including a 7th Cavalry Regiment guidon from Company I, fastened to the lodge of Chief American Horse, and the bloody gauntlets of slain Captain Myles Keogh. "One of the largest of the lodges, called by Grouard the "Brave Night Hearts," supposedly occupied by the guard, contained thirty saddles and equipment. One man found eleven thousand dollars in one of the tipis. Others found three 7th Cavalry horses; letters written to and by 7th Cavalry personnel; officers' clothing; a large amount of cash; jewelry; government-issued guns and ammunition."
Chief American Horse's Defiance
On September 9, 1876, Chief American Horse's village at Slim Buttes was assaulted in a dawn attack by Captain Anson Mills and 150 troopers. At the onset of a stampede of Indian ponies and cavalry charge, Chief American Horse with his family of three warriors and about twenty-five women and children retreated into one of the ravines that crisscrossed the village amongst the tipis. The winding dry gully was nearly 20 feet deep and ran some 200 yards back into a hillside. Trees and brush obstructed the view of the interior. "We found that some of the Indians had got into a cave at one side of the village. One of the men started to go past that spot on the hill, and as he passed the place he and his horse were both shot. This cave or dugout was down in the bed of a dry creek. The Indian children had been playing there, and dug quite a hole in the bank, so that it made more of a cave than anything else, large enough to hold a number of people." Troopers were alerted about the ravine when Private John Wenzel, Company A, Third Cavalry, became the first army fatality at Slim Buttes when he ill-advisedly approached the ravine from the front and a Sioux bullet slammed into his forehead. Wenzel's horse was also shot and killed. An attempt was made to dislodge the Indians and several troopers were wounded. "Grouard and Big Bat Pourier crept close enough to the banks of the ravine to parley with the concealed Indians in endeavors to get them to surrender. But the savages were so confident of succor from Crazy Horse and his much larger force, who were encamped only a dozen miles to the west, and to whom they had sent runners early in the morning, that they were defiant to the last." The Sioux felt no urgent need to surrender, for they defiantly yelled over to the soldiers that more Sioux camps were at hand and their warriors would soon come to free them. Chief American Horse, anticipating relief from other villages, constructed a dirt breastworks in front of the cave and geared for a stout defense.
General Crook at the Ravine
On September 9, 1876, General Crook's relief column endured a forced march of twenty-miles to Slim Buttes in about four and a half hours, arriving at 11:30 a.m. The whole cheering command entered the valley, and the village teemed with activity like an anthill which had just been stirred up. Crook immediately established his headquarters and set up a field hospital in one of the Indian lodges. Crook inventoried the camp and the booty. The camp held thirty-seven lodges. A three- or four-year-old girl was discovered, but no bodies were found. Over 5,000 pounds of dried meat was found and was a "God-send" for the starved troopers. Troopers separated the stores to be saved from the greater number to be destroyed, and the remaining tipis were pulled down. General Crook then turned his full attention to Chief American Horse and his family in the ravine.
"Crook, exasperated by the protracted defense of the hidden Sioux, and annoyed at the casualties inflicted among his men, formed a perfect cordon of infantry and dismounted cavalry around the Indian den. The soldiers opened upon it an incessant fire, which made the surrounding hills echo back a terrible music." "The circumvalleted Indians distributed their shots liberally among the crowding soldiers, but the shower of close-range bullets from the later terrified the unhappy squaws, and they began singing the awful Indian death chant. The papooses wailed so loudly, and so piteously, that even not firing could not quell their voices. General Crook ordered the men to suspend operations immediately, but dozens of angry soldiers surged forward and had to be beat back by officers. "Neither General Crook nor any of his officers or men suspected that any women and children were in the gully until their cries were heard above the volume of fire poured upon the fatal spot." Grouard and Pourier, who spoke Lakota, were ordered by General Crook to offer the women and children quarter. This was accepted by the besieged, and Crook in person went into the mouth of the ravine and handed out one tall, fine looking woman, who had an infant strapped to her back. She trembled all over and refused to liberate the General's hand. Eleven other squaws and six papooses were taken out and crowded around Crook, but the few surviving warriors refused to surrender and savagely re-commenced the fight.
"Rain of Hell"
Chief American Horse refused to leave, and with three warriors, five women and an infant, remained in the cave. Exasperated by the increasing casualties in his ranks, Crook directed some of his infantry and dismounted cavalry to form across the opening of the gorge. On command, the troopers opened steady and withering fire on the ravine which sent an estimated 3,000 bullets among the warriors.
Finerty reported, "Then our troops reopened with a very 'rain of hell' upon the infatuated braves, who, nevertheless, fought it out with Spartan courage, against such desperate odds, for nearly two hours. "Such matchless bravery electrified even our enraged soldiers into a spirit of chivalry, and General Crook, recognizing the fact that the unfortunate savages had fought like fiends, in defense of wives and children, ordered another suspension of hostilities and called upon the dusky heroes to surrender."
Strahorn recalled the horror of the ravine at Slim Buttes. "The yelling of Indians, discharge of guns, cursing of soldiers, crying of children, barking of dogs, the dead crowded in the bottom of the gory, slimy ditch, and the shrieks of the wounded, presented the most agonizing scene that clings in my memory of Sioux warfare."
Surrender of Chief American Horse
When matters quieted down, Frank Grouard and Baptiste “Big Bat” Pourier asked American Horse again if they would come out of the hole before any more were shot, telling them they would be safe if they surrendered. "After a few minutes deliberation, the chief, American Horse, a fine looking, broad-chested Sioux, with a handsome face and a neck like a bull, showed himself at the mouth of the cave, presenting the butt end of his rifle toward the General. He had just been shot in the abdomen, and said in his native language, that he would yield if the lives of the warriors who fought with him were spared. Chief American Horse had been shot through the bowels and was holding his entrails in his hands as he came out and presented the butt end of his rifle to General Crook. Pourier recalled that he first saw American Horse kneeling with a gun in his hand, in a hole on the side of the ravine that he had scooped out with a butcher knife. Two of the squaws were also wounded. Eleven were killed in the hole. Grouard recognized Chief American Horse, "but you would not have thought he was shot from his appearance and his looks, except for the paleness of his face. He came marching out of that death trap as straight as an arrow. Holding out one of his blood-stained hands he shook hands with me." When Chief American Horse presented the butt end of his rifle, General Crook, who took the proffered rifle, instructed Grouard to ask his name. The Indian replied in Lakota, "American Horse." Some of the soldiers who lost their comrades in the skirmish shouted, "No quarter!', but not a man was base enough to attempt shooting down the disabled chief. Crook hesitated for a minute and then said,'Two or three Sioux, more or less, can make no difference. I can yet use them to good advantage. "Tell the chief," he said turning to Grouard, "that neither he nor his young men will be harmed further." "This message having been interpreted to Chief American Horse, he beckoned to his surviving followers, and two strapping Indians, with their long, but quick and graceful stride, followed him out of the gully. The chieftain's intestines protruded from his wound, but a squaw, his wife perhaps, tied her shawl around the injured part, and then the poor, fearless savage, never uttering a complaint, walked slowly to a little camp fire, occupied by his people about 20 yards away, and sat down among the women and children."
Crazy Horse Attacks
Crazy Horse attempted to rescue American Horse and his family. Indians who escaped Mills' early morning assault spread the word to nearby Lakota and Cheyenne camps, and informed Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull and other leaders they were attacked by 100-150 soldiers. Crazy Horse immediately assembled 600-800 warriors and rode about ten miles northward to rescue Chief American Horse and recover ponies and supplies. During the afternoon Chief American Horse and some of the squaws informed Gen. Crook, through the scouts, that Crazy Horse was not far off, and that we would certainly be attacked before nightfall. "In anticipation of that afternoon tea party which was promised to be given by Crazy Horse, Crook deployed his forces to give that chieftain the surprise of his life. Concealing the major portion in the ravine in up-to-the-minute readiness and eagerness for an attack, he deployed just enough of the boys in plain sight to carry out the impression, which the Indian couriers had conveyed to Crazy Horse, that only about a hundred soldiers would be found to oppose his eager and confident large reinforcements." As a grave was being dug for Private Wenzel, and the starved troopers were ready to dine on captured bison meat, rifle shots were heard from the bluffs above and around the camp. Crook immediately ordered the village to be burned. "Then followed the most spectacular and tragically gripping and gratifying drama of the whole Sioux War, enacted with a setting and view for those of us in the ambushing corps that could not be improved upon. The huge amphitheater, leading from our position in the front orchestra row, up over a gradually rising terrain to the rim of the hills which surrounded on three sides, was not unlike the situation which Crazy Horse had chosen for his Battle of the Rosebud." Finerty tells how the Indians attacked. "Like the Napoleonic cuirassiers at Waterloo, they rode along the line looking for a gap to penetrate. They kept up perpetual motion encouraged by a warrior, doubtless Crazy Horse himself, who, mounted on a fleet, white horse, galloped around the array and seemed to possess the power of ubiquity." Strahorn reported, "Suddenly the summits seemed alive with an eager, expectant and gloating host of savages who dashed over and down the slope, whooping and recklessly firing at every jump."
Crazy Horse was surprised to find American Horse's village massed with Crook's main column of over 2,000 infantry, artillery, cavalry and scouts. "Crazy Horse so little dreamed of the heavy reinforcements of Captain Mills' small band that, in the utmost confidence of 'eating us alive' he launched his followers right down upon the front and flanks of our splendid defensive position. They were permitted to approach with blood curdling whoops and in a savage array within easy and sure-fire rifle range before the order to fire was given. They reacted to the deadly shock in a manner that was the real beginning of the end of the Sioux War, so far as any major performance of Crazy Horse was concerned. Bewildered and demoralized by the well-aimed volleys of our two-thousand guns, they dashed for cover in every direction, closely followed by details of our boys who were allotted that much-sought privilege." "Failing to break into that formidable circle, the Indians, after firing several volleys, their original order of battle being completely broken, and recognizing the folly of fighting such an outnumbering force any longer, glided away from our front with all possible speed. As the shadows came down into the valley, the last shots were fired and the affair at Slim Buttes was over."
Casualties
Captain Mills reported the assault: "It is usual for commanding officers to call special attention to acts of distinguished courage, and I trust the extraordinary circumstances of calling on 125 men to attack, in the darkness, and in the wilderness, and on the heels of the late appalling disasters to their comrades, a village of unknown strength, and in the gallant manner in which they executed everything requited of them to my entire satisfaction." U.S. Army casualties were relatively light with a loss of 30 men: 3 killed, 27 wounded, some seriously. Because the Lakota and Cheyenne warriors maintained a distance of five to eight hundred yards, and consistently fired their weapons high, casualties were few. Those who died in the field were Private John Wenzel, Private Edward Kennedy and Scout Charles "Buffalo Chips" White." Private Kennedy, Company C, Fifth Cavalry, had half the calf of his leg blown away in a barrage, and throughout the night medical personnel labored to save his life. Private Kennedy and Chief American Horse died in the surgeons' lodge that evening. Lt. Von Luettwitz had his shattered leg amputated above the knee and Private John M. Stevenson of Company I, Second Cavalry, received a severe ankle wound at the ravine. "The Indians must have lost quite heavily. Several of their ponies, bridled but riderless, were captured during the evening. Indians never abandon their war ponies, unless they happen to be surprised or killed. Pools of blood were found on the ledges of the bluffs, indicating where Crazy Horse's warriors paid the penalty of their valor with their lives." Reports of Indian casualties varied, and many bodies were carried away. Sioux confirmed casualties were at least 10 dead, and an unknown number wounded. About 30 Sioux men, women and children were in the ravine with Chief American Horse when the firefight began, and 20 women and children surrendered to Crook. Ten individuals remained in the ravine during the "Rain of Hell" and five were killed; Iron Shield, three women, one infant and Chief American Horse who died that evening. The rest were made prisoners. Charging Bear resisted most desperately and was finally dragged out of his lair at the bottom of the deep gully with only one cartridge left. Taken prisoner, he soon after enlisted with General Crook, exhibiting great prowess and bravery on behalf of his new leader and against his former comrades."
Death of American Horse
Chief American Horse was examined by the two surgeons. One of them pulled the chief's hands away, and the intestines dropped out. "Tell him he will die before next morning," said the surgeon. The surgeons worked futilely to close his stomach wound, and Chief American Horse refused morphine, preferring to clench a stick between his teeth to hide any sign of pain or emotions, and thus he bravely and stolidly died. Chief American Horse lingered until 6:00 a.m. and confirmed that the tribes were scattering and were becoming discouraged by war. "He appeared satisfied that the lives of his squaws and children were spared." Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy, who attended the dying chief, said that he was cheerful to the last and manifested the utmost affection for his wives and children. American Horse's squaws and children were allowed to remain on the battleground after the dusky hero's death, and subsequently fell into the hands of their own people. Even "Ute John" respected the cold clay of the brave Sioux leader, and his corpse was not subjected to the scalping process." Crook was most gentle in his assurances to all of them that no further harm should come if they went along peacefully, and it only required a day or two of kind treatment to make them feel very much at home.
Two American Horses
There are two Oglala Lakota chiefs named American Horse notable in American history. Historian George E. Hyde distinguished them by referring to "Chief American Horse the Elder" as the son of Old Chief Smoke and the cousin of Red Cloud, and "Chief American Horse the Younger" as the son of Sitting Bear, and son-in-law to Red Cloud. American Horse the Younger (1840 – December 16, 1908) was an Oglala Lakota chief, statesman, educator and historian. American Horse the Younger is notable in American history as a U.S. Army Indian Scout and a progressive Oglala Lakota leader who promoted friendly associations with whites and education for his people. American Horse the Younger opposed Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 and the Ghost Dance Movement of 1890, and was a Lakota delegate to Washington. American Horse the Younger was one of the first Wild Westers with Buffalo Bill's Wild West and a supporter of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. "His record as a councillor of his people and his policy in the new situation that confronted them was manly and consistent and he was known for his eloquence." American Horse the Younger gained influence during the turbulence of the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877. After news of the death of Chief American Horse the Elder at the Battle of Slim Buttes, Manishnee (Can not walk, or Played out)" seized an opportunity and assumed the name "American Horse." American Horse the Younger was not related to American Horse the Elder, son of Old Chief Smoke. He was the son of Sitting Bear, leader of the True Oglalas, a band of Oglala opposed to the Smoke people The identities and accounts of American Horse the Elder and the American Horse the Younger have been blended by some historians. Like his great friend Crazy Horse, there are no known photographs or drawings of Chief American Horse the Elder. "The Oglalas seem incapable of clearing up the tangle."
References
1830 births
1876 deaths
Military personnel killed in action
Lakota leaders
People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
Native American people of the Indian Wars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Horse%20%28elder%29 |
Victor Nsofor Obinna (born 25 March 1987) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a striker.
Obinna in Igbo, literally means "father's heart". He played for Chievo in Italy's Serie B, having played regularly in Serie A with the club until their relegation in 2007. He made his full international debut for Nigeria at the 2006 African Cup of Nations, scoring once in three appearances as his side were eliminated in the semi-finals.
Club career
Early career
Obinna played for Nigerian clubs Plateau United and Kwara United, he went on trials with Italian clubs Internazionale, Perugia and Juventus before signing with Brazilian club Internacional, but international clearance problems meant that the transfer was never finalised. He rejoined Enyimba to take part in their domestic league campaign and CAF Champions League defence.
Chievo
Obinna was signed by Italian club Chievo on a five-year contract in July 2005. But also reported that Chievo formed an agreement with Internazionale that Obinna first registered as Chievo player in order to use the non-EU registration quota of Chievo, like Júlio César in the 2004–05 season. Then he would be call back to Inter.
In his first season with Chievo, Obinna scored six goals in 26 games, including a goal on his Serie A debut against Parma in a 1–0 win, 11 September 2005. In the first months of the 2006 season, Obinna was suspended for having signed a contract with both Internacional and Chievo in 2005. Chievo were relegated at the end of the 2006–07 season, casting some doubt over Obinna's future; the club chose to keep Obinna in the squad to help gain promotion back to Serie A.
On 4 October 2007, Obinna was involved in a car accident on his way home from training in which he swerved away from a vehicle that had tried to overtake him around a bend. He escaped with only a few cuts and bruises. The car flipped several times and was heavily damaged. He lost consciousness and was taken to hospital. The accident occurred only a few hundred yards away from where former Chievo player Jason Mayélé was killed in a car accident in 2002.
Internazionale
In the summer of 2008, Obinna moved back to Inter for a €1.2 million transfer fee in a three-year contract. English club Everton attempted to immediately sign him on loan, but were unable to secure a work permit for the player. Obinna's first goal for Inter came on 19 October in a 4–0 win over Roma. Internazionale coach José Mourinho described Obinna as one of Inter's best talents for the future.
Málaga
On 26 August 2009, Spanish La Liga side Málaga signed Obinna on a season-long loan. He scored his first goal for the Andalusian club on 4 October in 1–1 a draw against Xerez, a match in which he was also sent off.
West Ham United
On 27 August 2010, Obinna signed for West Ham United on a season-long loan with the option of a permanent deal in 2011. He made his debut for West Ham on 11 September in a 3–1 home defeat to Chelsea. He scored his first goal for West Ham in a 2–1 win against Sunderland in the third round of the League Cup at the Stadium of Light on 21 September 2010. He scored his first league goal in 3–1 win against Wigan Athletic on 27 November 2010. He continued the fine form with four assists in a 4–0 win against Manchester United on 30 November 2010, automatically booking a first League Cup semi-final for 20 years.
Obinna was sent off during West Ham's semi-final, first leg match on 11 January 2011 against Birmingham City for an off the ball challenge on Sebastian Larsson with West Ham having conceded an equaliser just minutes earlier. On 30 January, Obinna scored a hat-trick in a FA Cup 4th round tie against Nottingham Forest, leading West Ham to a 3–2 victory. He followed that up three days later with two goals as West Ham beat Blackpool 3–1 at Bloomfield Road.
Lokomotiv Moscow
On 19 June 2011, Obinna signed a four-year deal with Lokomotiv Moscow on a free transfer.
MSV Duisburg
Obinna joined MSV Duisburg on 9 September 2015 for the 2015–16 season.
Darmstadt
He joined SV Darmstadt on 5 August 2016. He was released on 31 January 2017.
Cape Town City
In September 2017, Obinna signed for Premier Soccer League side Cape Town City. At the time of signing, the club were managed by former West Ham teammate Benni McCarthy.
International career
Obinna was a member of the U-20 Flying Eagles that won the gold in Benin in the African Youth Tournament in 2005 he was called up to the Nigerian senior squad at the 2006 African Cup of Nations, scoring once before his side's semifinal elimination.
In August 2008, he was named amongst Nigeria's squad for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Obinna scored Nigeria's first goal in a 2–1 win against Japan the "Dream Team IV" winning goal in the final group match against the United States, ensuring that Nigeria qualified for the quarter-finals. Nigeria were drawn against Ivory Coast who they beat 2–0, with Obinna scoring a penalty and setting up Peter Odemwingie for the other goal. He later captained the Nigerian team when they beat Belgium 4–1 in the semi-final match, before losing to Argentina in the final.
Career statistics
Club
Source:
International
Source:
Honours
Chievo
Serie B: 2007–08
Internazionale
Serie A: 2008–09
Supercoppa Italiana: 2008
Nigeria U23
Summer Olympics runner-up: 2008
Nigeria
Africa Cup of Nations third place: 2010
References
External links
Player profile – Victor Obinna Premier League
Living people
1987 births
Igbo sportspeople
Footballers from Jos
Men's association football forwards
Nigerian men's footballers
Nigeria men's international footballers
Nigerian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
AC ChievoVerona players
Inter Milan players
Málaga CF players
Serie A players
Serie B players
La Liga players
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Nigeria
Kwara United F.C. players
Olympic silver medalists for Nigeria
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
Plateau United F.C. players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
West Ham United F.C. players
Premier League players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
MSV Duisburg players
SV Darmstadt 98 players
Cape Town City F.C. (2016) players
2. Bundesliga players
Bundesliga players
Olympic medalists in football
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Russian Premier League players
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Obinna |
Thompson & Cole was a Locomotive manufacturer at Hope Foundry, St George's Street, Little Bolton, England.
The history of the company included Thomas Thompson, William Swift and Joseph Cole, all of whom were promoters of the Bolton and Leigh Railway. In the early 1800s, the company was called Thompson and Swift, ironfounders. Around 1828, the name changed to Thompson, Swift and Cole. About 1833, the name changed again to Thompson and Cole. Finally, the name changed to W. and J. Cole. W. Cole was probably William Cole, born 1817, the son of Joseph Cole.
The company produced five steam locomotives around 1840 and 1841, two of them for the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway. Stationary steam engines were also built including, in 1845, a beam engine for Thomas Appleton and Company of Horrabin Mills, Turton, Lancashire.
References
Lowe, J.W., (1989) British Steam Locomotive Builders, Guild Publishing
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson%20%26%20Cole |
Ali Asghar Movasat (), better known by his stage name DJ Aligator, is an Iranian-Danish producer and DJ.
Musical career
He enjoyed worldwide success with the single "The Whistle Song" from his 2000 debut album Payback Time. It peaked at number 5 in the United Kingdom in January 2002, and subsequently, he performed it on BBC Television's Top of the Pops. The song was a four times platinum selling success in Denmark (200,000 units) in 2000, peaking at number-one on both the singles and dance chart, before its international release in 2002.
In 2022, DJ Aligator was featured on Steve Aoki's track "The Whistle" along with Timmy Trumpet. The song appeared on Aoki's seventh studio album Hiroquest: Genesis.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
References
External links
Official website
Living people
Danish electronic musicians
People from Tehran
Danish people of Iranian descent
Iranian DJs
Iranian electronic musicians
21st-century Danish musicians
Musicians of Iranian descent
1975 births
Extensive Music artists
Electronic dance music DJs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ%20Aligator |
Contracts of Employment (Indigenous Workers) Convention, 1947 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1947 with the preamble stating:
Ratifications
Prior to its shelving, this convention was ratified by 26 states.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Shelved International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1947
Treaties entered into force in 1953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contracts%20of%20Employment%20%28Indigenous%20Workers%29%20Convention%2C%201947%20%28shelved%29 |
Rijeka is a city in Croatia.
Rijeka may also refer to:
HNK Rijeka, a football club from Rijeka
11706 Rijeka, a minor planet
Rijeka, Olovo, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Rijeka (Trnovo), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Rijeka (Višegrad), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Rijeka, Vitez, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Rijeka Crnojevića, a place in Montenegro
See also
Fiume (disambiguation)
Kriva Rijeka (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijeka%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Frederick George Bull, born at Hackney, London on 2 April 1875 and found drowned at St Annes-on-Sea, Lancashire, on 16 September 1910, was an English first-class cricketer who played for Essex.
Bull was a lower-order right-hand batsman and an off break bowler who had a few very productive seasons for Essex and after the most successful of them was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1898. He came to the fore in 1896 with 85 wickets, took 120 in 1897 and then 101 in 1898. But in 1899, he fell away, with only 65 wickets and the following year, after seven matches in which he took only five wickets, he took a job in Blackburn, Lancashire and left the first-class game. He resigned from his assistant secretary role with the club in 1901.
There was one brief comeback. In 1905, five years after his final game for Essex, Bull played for Scotland against the Australian touring team. He took eight wickets in the match, with five for 58 runs in the Australians' second innings. Bull would appear in the amateur Lancashire league in 1907 for East Lancashire.
References
External links
Cricinfo profile
1875 births
1910 suicides
English cricketers
Essex cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Gentlemen cricketers
Scotland cricketers
Cricketers from Greater London
Suicides by drowning in England
North v South cricketers
P. F. Warner's XI cricketers
1910 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Bull |
Fabrik is a visual programming integrated development environment implemented in Smalltalk and designed at Apple Computer by Dan Ingalls, Scott Wallace, Yu-Ying Chow, Frank Ludolph, Ken Doyle and others during the mid-1980s. It consists of a kit of computational and graphic user interface components that can be "wired" together to build new components and useful applications.
External links
Fabrik - A Visual Programming Environment
Fabrik History
Fabrik Fabrik entry from the Squeak Swiki
Visual programming languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrik%20%28software%29 |
Allison Hill (also known as The Hill) is a neighborhood in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is located directly east of downtown Harrisburg on a bluff overlooking the older original borough (now city) along the Susquehanna River. The Hill comprises some sub-neighborhoods, such as Hillside Village; others have nicknames such as "The Ville" and the "Third Ward". Primarily, it can be separated into three smaller neighborhoods: North Allison Hill (from Route 22 to State Street), Central Allison Hill (from State Street to Market Street), and South Allison Hill (from Market Street to the railroad tracks). It was named after William Allison, an early Harrisburg landowner who owned farms on the bluff outside of the then-Borough. First referred to as "Allison's Farm" or "Allison's Hill Farm", it finally became shortened to "Allison Hill" as the City expanded.
Architecture and landscaping
Allison Hill encompasses the Mount Pleasant Historic District. The neighborhood consists of single family homes, apartments, small businesses, and townhomes. Most of the architecture is brick, in Italianate, Victorian, or Colonial Revival styles.
Many of the homes on The Hill offer views of the Capitol rotunda from their upper stories. The neighborhood is also home to many stone churches. Along Market Street gardens are tended by volunteers from St. Francis Church, the Silence of Mary Home and other organizations. In times past, so many people grew grapes that in the fall when the grapes were harvested, residents would shut down the streets and make wine. Many homes still have the same ancient grapevines in their backyards.
The neighborhood is also dotted with murals, some hidden and others placed in full view of the main roads. Sylvan Heights Mansion, which is now occupied by the YWCA, and serves as housing for homeless women and children who are victims of domestic violence, sits on the hill and overlooks downtown.
Demographics
As of 2020, 16,917 people were living in Allison Hill. The many cultures represented in Allison Hill include West African, Vietnamese, Indonesian, diverse Latin American, African-American, and European-American populations. The Hill is home to many businesspeople, artists, and social justice and community activists.
Culture
The Hill is home to Reservoir Park, where summer festivals draw hundreds each year to celebrate music and the arts. Audiences sit on the grassy hill overlooking the Levitt Pavilion, an open-air amphitheater, which hosts free events, including talent contests, "Jazz Under the Stars," movies, and "Shakespeare in the Park."
The park also has a large playground, as well as tennis and basketball courts, and the National Civil War Museum.
There are also a number of small stores and restaurants in the area, which sell or serve traditional Caribbean, Latino, African, and Asian foods. Community gardens and farmers markets also provide locally grown produce and food.
In 2018, commercial realtor Beau Brown announced his intent to form Friends of Allison Hill, a neighborhood improvement association.
Economic decline and gentrification
Over the years, a number of homes and buildings have fallen into disrepair and been condemned. Habitat for Humanity of the Greater Harrisburg Area, The Tri-County Housing Development Corporation, Tri County Community Action and other organizations have been working to create opportunities for home ownership within the neighborhood, support existing homeowners with critical home repairs, and encourage greater community involvement by area residents in order to reduce blight and crime.
South Allison Hill, bordered by Cameron Street, Market Street, 18th Street, and Paxton Street is a designated Weed and Seed neighborhood. This neighborhood recently began both the South Allison Hill Homeowners/Residents Association and the South Allison Hill Business Association.
References
External links
City-Wide Sights: Allison Hill & Eastern Harrisburg
Neighborhoods in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison%20Hill%2C%20Harrisburg%2C%20Pennsylvania |
Stephen John Gritt (born 31 October 1957) is an English former football player, manager and scout.
His playing career included spells at Charlton Athletic, AFC Bournemouth and Walsall. He was joint manager of Charlton for four years and, from 1996, manager of Brighton & Hove Albion. During a spell at Millwall, Gritt was briefly caretaker manager. After back office roles at Charlton and Bournemouth, he was assistant manager at Ebbsfleet United (2013-2018) and at Macclesfield Town, before joining Dagenham & Redbridge as assistant to Daryl McMahon in January 2020.
Playing career
Gritt spent most of his playing career with Charlton Athletic, after joining from home town club AFC Bournemouth in 1977. In his first spell with Charlton, he experienced one relegation to the Third Division (1980), one promotion to the Second Division (1981) and one promotion to the First Division (1986). In 1989, he moved to Walsall for a brief spell but soon returned to Charlton. In his second spell, he experienced another relegation in 1990.
In all, Gritt made 435 appearances for Charlton, with 26 goals, placing him fifth on Charlton's all-time appearance list. He played a further two seasons after being appointed manager, retiring in 1993. He later had brief spells with non-league teams Welling United and Tooting & Mitcham after leaving Charlton in 1995.
Managerial career
Gritt was named as joint player-manager of Charlton in 1991, alongside Alan Curbishley. In his four-year tenure, Gritt helped to lay the foundations for future successes under Curbishley, who succeeded him as sole manager in 1995. Several key players were debuted under the joint managers, including Lee Bowyer, John Robinson, Richard Rufus and Shaun Newton, and went on to be important components of Charlton's successful team of the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Gritt was made manager of Brighton & Hove Albion in 1996, who were at the time eleven points adrift at the bottom of the Football League. He was able to turn Brighton's form around, and they successfully avoided relegation to the Conference on the final day of the 1996–97 season. Brighton were never in danger of relegation the following season, but the club's board had higher expectations and Gritt was fired in 1998. Nevertheless, Gritt is still fondly remembered by the Seagulls' supporters.
Gritt later moved to Millwall and became reserve-team manager. In 2000, he had a short spell as caretaker manager of the Lions and was then assistant manager to Mark McGhee until 2003. In June 2004, Gritt returned to Charlton in the role of academy manager, a role he retained until 2010.
From July 2011 to September 2012, Gritt was chief scout at Bournemouth. From June 2013 to October 2018, he was assistant manager at Ebbsfleet United, working with former Charlton team-mate Steve Brown and then, after a spell as chief scout, serving as assistant to Daryl McMahon. In August 2019, Gritt was again appointed assistant manager to McMahon, this time at Macclesfield Town. Both resigned on 2 January 2020, citing the club's crippling financial situation, with both subsequently joining Dagenham & Redbridge. Following McMahon's departure in February 2023, Gritt was appointed caretaker manager before departing the club on 17 March 2023 a week after the appointment of Ben Strevens as manager.
Managerial statistics
As of 7 March 2023
Personal life
Gritt suffered a tragedy on 7 December 2002 when his 18-year-old daughter Hayley died as a result of cancer. Hayley, who had battled a brain tumour for 10 years, was a lifelong Charlton supporter and a season ticket holder at The Valley, even after her father's departure from the club in 1995. Gritt has been involved in numerous fundraising activities for cancer charities ever since.
References
External links
Steve Gritt managerial statistics at soccerbase.com
Steve Gritt – Football Heroes profile
1957 births
Living people
English men's footballers
English football managers
AFC Bournemouth players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. non-playing staff
Charlton Athletic F.C. managers
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. managers
Millwall F.C. managers
English Football League players
Tooting & Mitcham United F.C. players
Footballers from Bournemouth
AFC Bournemouth non-playing staff
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football player-managers
Macclesfield Town F.C. non-playing staff
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Gritt |
"No Tomorrow" is the debut single of American pop rock band Orson. It was released on February 27, 2006, as the lead single from their debut studio album, Bright Idea (2006). Despite entering the UK Singles Chart at number five, "No Tomorrow" climbed to the top spot two weeks after its debut, which earned the band the record for the lowest-ever weekly sales of a UK number-one single, selling only 17,694 copies.
The single went on to be the UK's 12th-best-selling single of 2006, having spent seven weeks in the UK top five and 18 weeks in the top 75. The single, however, had previously been released as a free download on the iTunes music store, where it became the most downloaded single of the week to date. In France, it was used as the soundtrack of the TV series Les Bleus.
Music video
The first two music videos which helped to put Orson onto the map were both directed by Tony Petrossian. The video for "No Tomorrow" uses a spotlight device to show only bits and snippets of the singer's night out with a girl. It features the attention focused on a circular light that moves around the screen and allows you to see through; the rest of the picture is darker than what's shown in the light and sometimes goes all black. The video for "Bright Idea" features a device that originated with Picasso when he took his still image labeled "Menotaur." In the Tony Petrossian-helmed music video, the streaking light effect comes to life and real time.
Track listings
UK 7-inch single and European CD single
"No Tomorrow" – 2:51 (2:48 on European single)
"The Okay Song" – 3:53
UK and Australian CD single
"No Tomorrow" – 2:48
"Everything" – 3:39
"Jessie" – 3:37
"No Tomorrow" (video) – 2:48
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2005 songs
2006 debut singles
Mercury Records singles
Music videos directed by Tony Petrossian
Orson (band) songs
Songs written by George Astasio
Songs written by Jason Pebworth
UK Singles Chart number-one singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Tomorrow%20%28Orson%20song%29 |
Mather, Dixon and Company was an engineering firm in Liverpool, England. It was established in 1826 at the Bath Street Foundry to build marine and stationary steam engines. Production of steam locomotives began in 1827.
Products
Early years
The first engine was a small four-coupled tank locomotive in 1827, in addition to a steam traverser and two mobile cranes. These were for their own use, their main business being marine and stationary engines.
Contracts from Edward Bury and Company
They received contracts from Edward Bury and Company for three engines for the Petersburg Railroad. Two were four coupled and the other was a four-wheeled single, completed in 1833. The following year a number of orders were fulfilled for tank engines among other equipment.
Six wheeled engines
In 1836 they had four designs for six wheeled engines: , , and , which they built initially for display purposes.
Standard and broad gauge locomotives
Between 1836 and 1839 they supplied engines for the London and Birmingham Railway, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway among others. These were all "Bury" types. some two dozen in all. However they also built broad gauge engines for the Great Western Railway with seven and eight foot drivers.
Changes and closure
In 1839 the company moved to the North Foundry, in William Street, Bootle. In 1842, John Grantham joined the company, which was renamed Mather, Dixon and Grantham. After 1840, however, trade had declined and, although six engines had been built for stock, the firm closed down in 1843, having built seventy five locomotives in all.
References
Lowe, J.W., (1989) British Steam Locomotive Builders, Guild Publishing
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies established in 1826
1826 establishments in England
British companies established in 1826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mather%2C%20Dixon%20and%20Company |
Randy Alan Flores (born July 31, 1975) is an American professional baseball executive and former pitcher who is the assistant general manager and director of scouting for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the Texas Rangers, Colorado Rockies, St. Louis Cardinals, and Minnesota Twins.
Flores attended the University of Southern California (USC) and played college baseball for the USC Trojans. He was the 1995 Co-Pac-10 Pitcher of the Year. The New York Yankees selected him in the ninth round of the 1997 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut on April 23, 2002, as a member of the Texas Rangers. He was a member of the St. Louis Cardinals' 2006 World Series championship team. He also played for the Colorado Rockies and Minnesota Twins.
Following his playing career, Flores became an on-air analyst for ESPN and the Pac-12 Network. He also coached for USC and started his own company, OnDeckDigital, whose product allows players and scouts to evaluate game play. In September 2015, he became the director of scouting for the Cardinals.
Early life and amateur career
After Flores attended El Rancho High School in Pico Rivera, California. He was quarterback and kicker for the football team. In addition, Flores played varsity baseball. Flores played college baseball for the Trojans at the University of Southern California (USC) as a recruited walk-on. He graduated in 1997 with a Bachelor of Science in business administration with a concentration in finance.
While playing college baseball at USC from 1994 to 1997, he set several pitching records that still stood as of 2013, including career wins with 42, innings pitched with and complete games with 22. Flores was the 1995 Co-Pac-10 Pitcher of the Year, going 13–3 with a 3.24 earned run average (ERA) and 86 strikeouts. After the 1995 season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Professional playing career
The New York Yankees selected Flores in the ninth round of the 1997 Major League Baseball Draft. In 2001, the Yankees sent him to the Texas Rangers to complete a trade earlier in the year for infielder Randy Velarde. Flores made his major league debut with the Rangers on April 23, 2002. He also played for the Colorado Rockies before signing as a free agent with the Cardinals on November 20, 2003.
Flores won a championship ring when the Cardinals won the 2006 World Series, defeating the Detroit Tigers four games to one. He appeared in seven games in that postseason, registering innings without giving up an earned run. The next season, he appeared in a career-high 70 games, posting 55 innings pitched and a 4.25 ERA. From 2005 through 2007, he appeared in 185 games, contributing a pivotal role in the Cardinals' bullpen. However, injuries in the second half of 2007 began to reduce his effectiveness, and in the summer of 2008, he cleared waivers prior to a demotion to the Memphis Redbirds. Flores became a free agent after the 2008 season.
On February 10, , Flores signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies with an invitation to spring training. He spent most of the season with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox before the Rockies called him up in September when the rosters expanded. He made the Opening Day roster in 2010 and appeared in 47 games, completing innings with 18 SO and a 2.96 ERA, a record of 2–0, and a 1.28 WHIP. Left-handed batters collected 11 hits in 50 at bats against him. The Rockies designated him for assignment on August 19, 2009. The Minnesota Twins claimed him off waivers six days later.
On February 10, 2011, he signed a minor league contract with the San Diego Padres with an invite to spring training. Working innings for Tucson, he struck out 19 and walked six before opting out of his contract on May 15. Two days later, he signed a minor league contract with the Yankees. He was released by the Yankees on August 2, 2011, and immediately signed a minor league contract with the Milwaukee Brewers. He was released by the Milwaukee Brewers on Tuesday, August 30, 2011, after asking for his release.
Post-playing career
In 2012, Flores joined ESPN as an on-air analyst during the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship. In 2013, Flores returned to USC as a baseball broadcaster and later assistant baseball coach, while also pursuing a master's degree. In 2014, Flores earned a Master of Science degree in post-secondary administration with an emphasis on athletic administration. In February 2015, Flores joined the Pac-12 Network as a baseball analyst. He launched his own startup company, OnDeckDigital, which utilizes video capture technology to allow players and scouts to evaluate their game play. Scouting departments of MLB clubs started using his product.
On August 28, 2015, the Cardinals hired Flores as their new director of scouting, replacing Chris Correa. The Cardinals promoted him to assistant general manager after the 2018 season. After being credited with the MLB draft selections of Alec Burleson and Jordan Walker, the Cardinals signed Flores to a contract extension in 2022.
Personal life
Flores' brother, Ron, was also a left-handed relief pitcher who appeared in the major leagues, playing for the Oakland Athletics from 2005–07. Flores and his wife, Lindsey, have two daughters and one son.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
American baseball players of Mexican descent
Baseball players from Bellflower, California
Chatham Anglers players
Colorado Rockies players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Columbus Clippers players
Greensboro Bats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball scouting directors
Memphis Redbirds players
Minnesota Twins players
Nashville Sounds players
Norwich Navigators players
Oklahoma RedHawks players
Oneonta Yankees players
St. Louis Cardinals players
St. Louis Cardinals scouts
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Tampa Yankees players
Texas Rangers players
Tucson Padres players
USC Trojans baseball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy%20Flores |
The Open Document Format Alliance (ODF Alliance) is a Washington, D.C.-based lobbying organization established by IBM, Sun Microsystems and SIIA to "promote and advance the use of OpenDocument Format (ODF) as the primary document format for governments" Although originally focused on promotion of ODF "via legislation or by executive policy decision", the ODF Alliance also did extensive PR and lobbying in opposition to the Microsoft-backed Office Open XML standard.
Founded by IBM, Sun and 33 other companies and organizations on March 3, 2006, the Alliance now boasts more than 500 members. However, funding sources are not itemized in the organization's 2007 annual report, so membership financial participation is unclear.
The ODF Alliance does not give a physical location on their website, but from documents filed with the State of New York, the organization appears to be headquartered on the 6th floor of 1090 Vermont Avenue NW in Washington, DC 20005, sharing offices with the Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA), one of the original backers of the ODF Alliance.
Staff
The executive director is Marino Marcich, who served for four years in the Bush administration's State Department prior to joining the ODF Alliance. While at the Department of State, he was part of former Secretary of State Colin Powell's inner circle. Prior to joining the Bush administration, "Marcich also served as the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) assistant vice president for international economic affairs, leading key lobby campaigns for World Trade Organization accession and trade-promotion authority."
Public Relations for the ODF Alliance are handled by Rational PR, headed by Kathyrn Brownlee. Although Rational PR does not list the ODF Alliance as a client as of April 2008, SIIA is listed.
Structure
The ODF Alliance website provides no information on funding or management structure. At this time, the website lists 6 "national chapters" outside of the United States; Brazil, Europe, India, Malaysia, Poland and Portugal, but it is unclear if those chapter organizations have any input into the policy decisions of the organization.
Activities
ODF Preferences
The ODF Alliance has also been very active in lobbying U.S. State and International governments on ODF issues to promote legislative mandates for the use of the ODF document format. The ODF Alliance has provided public testimony in the following fora:
2008 April 9: Testimony before the Government Reform Committee, State of Texas;
2007 February 7: Newsletter to ODF Alliance Members;
2007 April 17: AB 1668 California Assembly Bill: Bill Analysis.
Anti-OOXML
During late 2007 though 2008, the ODF Alliance was focused on lobbying ISO members in order to prevent OOXML from being accepted by ISO.
Ongoing: OOXML Updates and Analysis;
2007 June 7: "ODF Alliance posts documents about OOXML/OpenXML/whatever";
2008 February 25: Open Forum Europe Geneva Conference.
Last known Newsletter
The ODF Alliance website's last snapshot saved by Archive.org dates back from March 24, 2013. Even then, the latest published news was the "ODFA Newsletter" from October 2010, implying the Alliance ceased to operate long before the website was shut down. During 2014 the domain name odfalliance.org went from displaying error pages to briefly displaying ODF-related news, and to finally housing legal information about injury lawyers. In 2015 odfalliance.org housed cigar news. No news could be found about exactly when or why the ODFA was dissolved.
References
External links
ODF Alliance, Who, What, Where (and Why?) - Slashdot commentary.
Free and open-source software organizations
Open standards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument%20Format%20Alliance |
"Always on Your Side" is a song by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow from her fifth studio album, Wildflower (2005). It was released as the second single from the album in February 2006. While the original album version features only Crow on lead vocals, the radio version is a duet with British musician Sting. Sheryl Crow's Web site offered a free download of the new single to anyone who had already purchased the Wildflower album. A subsequent edition of the parent album features the duet version.
The song debuted and peaked at No. 35 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Crow's 10th top-40 hit on the chart. The single also reached No. 2 on the Canadian Singles Chart and peaked at No. 30 in Hungary. The duet received a Grammy Award nomination in 2007 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. The song's video was directed by Nigel Dick.
Charts
References
2005 songs
2006 singles
Male–female vocal duets
Music videos directed by Nigel Dick
Sheryl Crow songs
Song recordings produced by John Shanks
Songs written by Sheryl Crow
Sting (musician) songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Always%20on%20Your%20Side |
Dial 'M' for Monkey may refer to:
Dial 'M' for Monkey (book), a 2006 book by Adam Maxwell
Dial 'M' for Monkey (album), a 2003 album by Bonobo
Dial M for Monkey segment, a back-up segment featured in early episodes of Dexter's Laboratory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%20%27M%27%20for%20Monkey |
Pixie (Megan Gwynn) is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Pixie belongs to the subspecies of humans called mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities, and to the species of humanoid magical beings named fairies, who are born with supernatural powers. Her hybrid mutation grants her pixie-like eyes, colorful wings that allow her to fly, and "pixie dust" that causes hallucinations.
After a confrontation with the revived former member of the New Mutants, Magik, she gains the ability to use magic and a magical weapon called the "Souldagger." Her main use of magic is a massive teleportation spell, which makes her a key asset to various X-Men missions and teams and places her as one of the titles' primary magic users. She was first introduced as a student on the Paragons training squad at the Xavier Institute in New X-Men: Academy X #5 (November 2004), later joining the New X-Men team, and then graduating to the Uncanny X-Men team.
Pixie has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful female heroes. Since her original introduction in comics, the character has been featured in various other Marvel-licensed products, including video games, animated television series, and merchandise.
Publication history
2010s
Pixie debuted in New X-Men: Academy X #5 (November 2004), created by Nunzio DeFilippis, Christina Weir, and Michael Ryan. She appeared in the 2008 X-Men: Pixies and Demons one-shot, her first solo comic book one-shot. She appeared in the 2010 X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back series, her first solo comic book series. She appeared in the 2010 Avengers vs. X-Men anthology series. She appeared in the 2019 Age of X-Man: Nextgen series.
2020s
Pixie appeared in the 2020 Cable series. She appeared in the 2021 Children of the Atom series. She appeared in the 2022 Legion of X series.
Fictional character biography
Megan Gwynn is a Welsh teenager from a fictional mining town called Abergylid. Her father died in the mine. She developed a fear of it and left Wales owing of his death. She would later discover that he was not her actual father, but the villainous Mastermind. Lady Mastermind and Mastermind II are her half-sisters. In her original inception, Gwynn had short pink hair, pure black eyes and butterfly-like rainbow wings.
After enrolling at Xavier Institute, Gwynn is assigned to be part of the Paragons training squad under the tutelage of former New Mutant member Rahne Sinclair. She wears a bicycle helmet during training sessions, due to her uncertainty with flying. During this time, she develops a crush on the X-Man Cyclops and is considered a cheerful girl who fits in well with other students. Gwynn was voted Friendliest Student.
M-Day
Following the events of House of M, almost all of the Institute's students are depowered, which leads to the dissolution of the school's training squad system. Gwynn is one of only twenty-seven students, including her fellow Paragons Trance, Wolf Cub, and Match, not to have lost her mutant abilities.
She participates in Emma Frost's battle royal, which determines who will train to be an X-Man, but does not make the team. She remains at the school, appearing occasionally as a side character. Later, forty-two of Gwynn's former classmates are killed when their bus is blown up by a missile sent by William Stryker, an anti-mutant crusader. Among the confirmed deaths are Gwynn's fellow Paragon, DJ.
Quest For Magik
Gwynn, alongside Anole, Loa, Wolf Cub, Rockslide, and Match, are told a frightening ghost story by fellow student Blindfold one night at the school. However, they discover that the story is not fictitious, but rather a prophecy. Telling Gwynn that she is "sorry for [her] loss," Blindfold and her classmates are sucked into the realm of Limbo, where they are immediately attacked by a mob of demons.
Gwynn stays by Blindfold's side during the fight, who cautions Gwynn and the others that Gwynn must not "fall to darkness." Gwynn uses her powers on-panel for the first time during the fight, incapacitating several demons with her "pixie dust." After Darkchilde saves the small group, she asks N'astirh to bring Gwynn to her, recognizing that her soul is the most innocent and therefore the most powerful in Limbo. Despite her friends' pleas, Gwynn submits to Magik's request to use her soul to create a Soulsword and Bloodstones, magical stones forged from an innocent soul that grant great power to their owners, but is freed from the process by Anole. His intervention saves her, but leaves the spell unfinished, resulting in the creation of only one Bloodstone and a "Souldagger" instead. Magik then explains that the Souldagger is actually a portion of Gwynn's own soul and that black magic has now filled the hole left behind in the knife's creation, leaving Gwynn no longer an innocent. This is represented graphically by a great portion of her pink hair changing to black.
Magik teaches Gwynn a teleportation spell and she uses it to teleport herself and her friends to Belasco to prevent him from torturing the rest of the students. She saves the students and ultimately kills Belasco by stabbing him with the Souldagger. After defeating Belasco, Magik wants to use more of Gwynn's soul to create more Bloodstones to gain more power, but becomes disgusted with herself when her brother calls out to her. She instead sends Gwynn and the others back to the Xavier Institute and seals all entrances to Limbo. Gwynn and Anole are then made official members of the New X-Men for their bravery in Limbo at the insistence of Rockslide. Gwynn later reveals that Doctor Strange will tutor her in magic when she comes of age and begins receiving additional training.
Messiah Complex
When the first new mutant since M-Day appears, Gwynn joins X-23, Hellion, Anole, Surge, Armor, and Rockslide in attacking the Washington, D.C., base of the ant-mutant Purifiers by teleporting them there. They are confronted by Lady Deathstrike and the Reavers with Hellion receiving a near mortal injury. Outnumbered Gwynn panics and cannot teleport the team out until Rictor, who infiltrated the Purifiers as a spy, helps her concentrate. She manages to cast a hazardous "blind teleport," which scatters the New X-Men between Washington, D.C., and the Xavier Institute. The students are then recovered and taken back to the Institute by Iceman, and the wounded sent to the infirmary. However, Predator X later attacks the Institute, going after the weaker, wounded students in the infirmary. Gwynn, realizing that X-23 had killed this type of creature before, attempts to teleport Predator X to X-23's location. However, she mistakenly takes the majority of the students and Beast alongside her and the creature, dropping them in the middle of the X-Men's fight for the mutant baby with the Marauders on Muir Island. During the fight, Gwynn is brutally beaten by the Malice-possessed Omega Sentinel, who taunts her, until Gwynn manages to defeat her by unexpectedly stabbing her with the Souldagger, exorcising Malice from Omega Sentinel's body.
Pixies and Demons
Gwynn returns to her hometown after the X-Men disband following the conclusion of Messiah Complex. However, she finds the demonic N'Garai are plaguing the town and are kidnapping people to feed Kierrok the Damned, their leader. She calls in the X-Men to help defeat the N'Garai, and Gwynn has to face her fear of the mine in which her father was killed in order to defeat the demons. After defeating Kierrok, Cyclops and the rest of the X-Men take her back to America and she joins the newly reformed X-Men in San Francisco.
Manifest Destiny
After leaving one of Dazzler's gigs, Gwynn is ambushed by a group of masked anti-mutant men calling themselves the Hellfire Cult. She is overpowered by the attackers and is subjected to beatings that leave her incapacitated. She manages to make her way back to the X-Men's new base and is immediately taken care of by Wolverine, Nightcrawler, Karma, and Beast. The attack and the events of the previous year cause her to question whether or not she wants to continue as part of the X-Men, but a discussion with Wolverine causes her to stay and assist them against Empath, whose powers have grown out of control. After beating him up, she stabs him in the head with her Souldagger, leaving him blind and his powers weakened. She decides to remain with the X-Men, assisting them in various other missions, including the Skrull invasion of San Francisco. According to writer Matt Fraction, her role is that of Kitty Pryde and Jubilee when they first joined the X-Men. Her strong magical ability as a teleporter with nearly unlimited distance and capacity also causes Nightcrawler, who is much more limited and traditionally serves as the X-Men's primary teleporter, to question his future usefulness to the team, though he later comes to terms with his own abilities.
X-Infernus
Despite her cheerful persona, Gwynn begins to reveal her anger and bitterness over her initial experience in Limbo and her incomplete soul, feeling that she is less than human. During a training session, Nightcrawler points out that her personality changes when she uses the Souldagger. This causes her to summon it and her personality turns sinister. She stabs him in the chest, causing him to pass out. Upon regaining her senses and removing the dagger, she finds that it has freed the Soulsword housed within Kurt's body. Sensing the Soulsword, Magik teleports to Earth to reclaim it. However, Gwynn engages her in a fight, demanding to have the stolen portion of her soul returned, and refuses to hand over the sword. Magik defeats her and regains her Soulsword, teleporting away and leaving Colossus distraught. The X-Men learn that they are now able to enter Limbo through Gwynn's teleportation spell, and a team consisting of Colossus, Wolverine, Mercury, Rockslide, Gwynn, and Nightcrawler is formed to reclaim Magik. Nightcrawler is put in charge due to Gwynn's and Colossus' personal stakes in the mission.
While the X-Men battle various demons in Limbo, Belasco's daughter, Witchfire defeats Magik and adds Gwynn's Bloodstone to her amulet, causing her to lose control and teleport herself to Belasco's castle. There, Witchfire forces her to become her new apprentice and begins forging a final new Bloodstone from Gwynn's soul, causing her to nightmarishly transform completely into a demon. Witchfire uses the Bloodstones to summon the Elder Gods to her aid. Gwynn is reluctantly forced to work together with Magik to defeat Witchfire. While the X-Men battle the Elder Gods, Illyana fights Witchfire and strips her of the amulet containing the Bloodstones. Illyana and Gwynn use their blades to destroy the amulet, but Witchfire escapes the crumbling castle into the Elder Gods' dimension, claiming to return for her "apprentice." Gwynn is despondent over losing more of her soul and tries to attack Magik with her Souldagger, but the glowing stone in its blade indicates that the additional stolen piece of her soul is inside it. She flies away in tears into the wilds of Limbo, upset over the additional loss of her soul.
Return from Limbo
Gwynn returns to the X-Men, but demonstrating noticeably improved fighting ability and greater anger when she hears about "Proposition X," a piece of anti-mutant legislation seeking to control mutant reproduction. She continues to work with the X-Men, using her abilities to defeat enemies such as Empath and rescue several students and team members, such as when the Sisterhood, a team of mutant villainesses led by a revived Madelyne Pryor, attack the X-Men's headquarters. During the protests between anti-mutant and pro-mutant movements about mutant reproductive rights, Gwynn is injured when a riot breaks out. Later, she teleports Rogue, Gambit and Danger to San Francisco for assistance. She is later made a part of a team to battle Emma Frost's Dark X-Men. After Emma Frost, Namor and Cloak and Dagger betray the Dark X-Men and Norman Osborn and relocate to Utopia, Gwynn and Magik begin teleporting everyone to their new island base. During the final battle, Gwynn joins Armor and X-23 in fighting Daken.
Pixie Strikes Back
Gwynn finds herself and several of her teenage teammates under a spell, causing them to live under the impression that they are ordinary high school girls. However, the illusion begins to fade, with Gwynn finding herself in confrontation with the demon Saturnyne. Meanwhile, a woman arrives on Utopia claiming to be her mother, demanding to see her. Later, her mother shows up in the Wyngarde mansion, where Lady Mastermind is fighting with Martinique. She tells them to stop acting like the babies of the family and that they have been usurped while Gwynn is seen in the next panel, revealing that Jason Wyngarde is her biological father, and the Mastermind sisters are her siblings.
X-Men: Second Coming
When Cable and Hope Summers return from the future, Bastion starts putting his plans into action in taking her out. He first begins by taking out the X-Men's teleporters with Magik the first to fall, sending her to Limbo with a weaponized spell. After Ariel is taken out, Gwynn requests to take her place only to be refused by Cyclops. She is then placed on a rescue team to get Magik back from Limbo where she encounters N'Astirh who tries to convince her to kill Magik and in exchange he will give her back the rest of her soul. After Gwynn turns on him and frees Magik, they assist Anole and Cannonball against Gambit and the corrupted Dazzler and Northstar. After the battle is over the two girls come to understand each other better.
New Mutants
Following the events of Second Coming, like the New Mutants, Gwynn goes for a holiday to relax. Magik comes to request her help in her own personal war but she dismisses her, claiming that the last time she helped Magik, she ripped out a piece of her soul and she just rescued her from Limbo. She is then ambushed and captured by Project Purgatory who steal her Souldagger. After Project Purgatory capture the New Mutants, they use Magik's Soulsword to separate the bloodstone from Gwynn's Souldagger. Escaping with Magik and Karma, Gwynn is returned to Utopia, where she recovers while the rest of the X-Men begin to battle the Elder Gods. Once the Elder Gods and Project Purgatory have been defeated, Magik comes to Gwynn with a golden box containing her Souldagger and both her bloodstones.
Hell To Pay
Gwynn, along with a few other X-Men, is summoned to a town by Danielle Moonstar, where an attack decades earlier by some demons led to them becoming trapped in one of the town's residents to protect them all. Now that she is dying they need to figure out how to deal with the demons. Gwynn demonstrates she has some knowledge in sealing spells and entrapment wards. After the arrival of the new Ghost Rider, the demons are released and a battle ensues. Working together with Ghost Rider, they send the demons back to Hell with Gwynn reciting a spell, sealing them for good.
X-Men: Schism
During the events of Schism, Gwynn has been teleporting various teams of X-Men around the world to combat all the sentinels. During one fight she injures her hands and has to sit out as she can no longer teleport. According to her, without painkillers, it hurts too much to concentrate, and with them, she cannot think straight enough but will still stand by her fellow students to help take on the giant sentinel approaching Utopia.
Regenesis
Recovering from the events of Schism, Gwynn approaches Velocidad at first to get help with her medication but when they start talking, things become quite flirty between them and eventually start kissing. Hope walks in and catches them in the act and storms out. Gwynn then slaps Velocidad and leaves. She is later packing to return to Westchester when Hope approaches and begs her to join her team, as they need a teleporter.
After a training exercise, Hope finds a new light on Cerebra and has Gwynn teleport the group to Pakistan to locate the mutant. The group splits up with Pixie teamed with Velocidad. They are ambushed by soldiers and separated. Gwynn ends up captured by them and after being rescued, teleports the team and an amnesic Sebastian Shaw back to Utopia.
Wolverine and the X-Men
Gwynn graduated from the Jean Grey School for Higher Learning and became an official X-Man in the final issue of Wolverine and the X-Men.
Powers and abilities
Megan Gwynn possesses insect-like wings (depicted of various colors depending on the artist) that allow her to fly. Initially, her wings were broad and multicolored, similar to a butterfly's, but recent depictions show her to have iridescent, translucent wings, more like those of a dragonfly. It has been suggested that her wings' appearance is affected by her psychological state. In addition, her mutation allows her to produce a "pixie dust" that causes hallucinations, often with comedic effects, such as demons seeing bright bubbles and teddy bears, or in one instance, causing Wolverine to see and try to fight a herd of unicorns. In another instance, Gwynn uses her dust seemingly harmlessly to enhance the audience's perceptions of Dazzler's light show during a concert. She states that she has no idea what individuals affected by her dust are seeing.
After Magik takes part of Gwynn's soul in an attempt to create a Soulsword, her appearance changes, reflecting the portion of her soul lost to black magic. Artists' depictions of this change in her personality are inconsistent, but typically depict her pink hair with black streaks. She also has the ability to detect the supernatural, as evidenced when she fought the N'Garai who were under a cloaking spell. When asked how she knows where they are she replies, "there's a sliver of darkness that Magik put inside my soul... And it's like a compass needle for other dark... stuff."
Because the spell to steal Megan Gwynn's soul was interrupted, a new Soulsword could not be formed. Instead, Gwynn can summon a Souldagger, a mystical item that disrupts magical constructs and harms magical beings. Because of her connection with Magik, as Gwynn uses the Souldagger, her personality changes and becomes darker and more disturbing. Her dagger later changes from silver to red after it absorbs Gwynn's Bloodstone. It is unclear if this change is merely cosmetic. Like recent depictions of the Soulsword, Gwynn's Souldagger appears to have physical effects beyond disrupting magic and harming magical creatures. For instance, while the abilities of the mutant Malice are psionic and based on mutation and not magic, the Souldagger is able to exorcise Malice's psyche from Karima Shapandar. It also appears to have physically harmed Empath, disrupting his psychic abilities and leaving him blind after she stabs him in the head with it.
Though untrained in the mystic arts, Megan Gwynn is able to wield magic, largely due to black magic which has filled the missing portions of her soul. She can recite the incantation taught to her by Illyana Rasputin ("Sihal Novarum Chinoth") to teleport over long distances and to the dimension of Limbo. She is capable of teleporting herself and large groups over vast distances and across dimensions with relative ease, though teleporting without focusing ("blind teleporting") can be hazardous, causing those transported to be scattered and potentially causing injury to Pixie herself. Gwynn has also been able to banish demons using magic. She has demonstrated that she is capable of casting a sleeping spell. Following the events of "Quest for Magik," Gwynn is approached by both Doctor Strange and Amanda Sefton to receive formal tutelage in sorcery after she has come of age.
Additionally, she has been trained in hand-to-hand combat at the institute.
Reception
Critical response
Mike Fugere of Comic Book Resources wrote, "Megan Gwynn, the adorably cheerful mutant with rainbow fairy wings known as Pixie, was created by husband and wife writing team Nunzio DeFilippis and Christina Weir along with artist Michael Ryan (Mystique, New Excalibur). Pixie made her first appearance in New X-Men: Academy X #5 back in 2004. Her exuberant attitude towards her fellow classmates at the Xavier Institute earned the title of Xavier's “Friendliest Student.” Considering Pixie’s effervescent attitude and pink haired, iridescent-winged exterior, there's really no better candidate for the superlative. Even Jubilee, at her most jovial, was never as warm and welcoming as Pixie. But don't let her adorable veneer lead you astray. Megan Gwynn packs quite a punch." Deirdre Kaye of Scary Mommy called Pixie a "role model" and a "truly heroic" female character. Chris Condry of Looper stated, "Pixie, whose real name is Megan Gwynn, is just as fun and fascinating as her older, bluer counterpart and has far more potential in the coming decades. Unlike Nightcrawler, Gwynn is far from a one-trick pony. In addition to teleportation, Gwynn's powers include flight, emitting hallucinogenic pixie dust, daggers made from her own soul, and most importantly, spell-casting. As a budding sorcerer, Gwynn's potential is almost limitless. During the "Dark Reign" event, she was even considered as a candidate to replace Doctor Strange as the next Sorcerer Supreme. Both mutant and magic, Pixie has a rare place in multiple Marvel arenas and could slot into the MCU in a few different ways. Though Pixie has mostly been relegated to the kids' table and considered a "Young X-Men" or "New Mutant," her power, personality, and promise are starting to make her too big for her highchair."
Timothy Adams of ComicBook.com called Pixie a "fan-favorite." Robert Mclaughlin of Den of Geek said, "While Cyclops, Storm, Wolverine, Gambit and some of the more popular characters have already made their screen debut, there’s still over one hundred-and-ninety-eight mutants for the filmmakers to play with, and if Riptide and Azazel can be made to look cool, then some more of these more obscure, yet visually exciting mutants can too. Megan Gwynn is a Welsh mutant with a visually fun physical mutation. Sporting pink hair, large fairy wings and pointy ears, her mutant power is the ability to teleport and to sprinkle hallucination-based pixie dust on her opponents. A current fan favourite, she’s a relatively recent addition to the X-Men team, having originally appeared in the continually re-titled X-Men Academy/New X-Men. The addition of a bright, visually appealing and fun character with a jovial light-hearted ‘bubble gum pop’ personality would replace the flying character of Angel from the first movie. And having an upbeat, positive member of the team would make a break from the angst of the rest of the team," while Marc Buxton included her in their "40 X-Men Characters Who Haven’t Appeared in the Movies But Should" list. George Marston of Newsarama included Pixie in their "20 X-Men Characters That Should Make The Jump From Marvel Comics To The MCU" list and said, "Marvel Studios is doubling down on its magical wing as one of the tentpoles of its current era, and there are few better mutants to connect a new X-Men team to that corner of the MCU than the ethereal, effervescent Pixie—whose fae codename is a perfect indicator of her powers, which include a pair of gossamer wings, teleportation, and a natural aptitude for magical skill. And not for nothing, if the MCU needs some youthful mutants for a younger-skewing X-Men team—or even some students in some capacity—Pixie makes for a spot-on addition as an ingenue for a team that always has at least one young, impressionable mutant in its ranks." ComicsAlliance gave Pixie a score of 38 out of 50 in their "100 X-Men: How Do Sunspot, Pixie, Leech, Revanche And Quicksilver Rate As Great X-Men?" list.
Trudy Graham of Zavvi included Pixie in their "10 Characters From Marvel Comics We Want To See In The MCU" list, writing, "There are several X-Men that act as a supportive glue for teams, and she’s one of them. Her powers are also a lot of fun" Andrew Ceco of Sideshow included Pixie in their "Marvel’s Most Masterful Witches" list. John Tibbetts of WhatCulture ranked Pixie 2nd in their "Marvel Phase 4: 10 Mutants Who Should Be MCU X-Men" list and said, "Pixie is one of those characters that you have to actually be dead inside to not absolutely love. She's bubbly, friendly, has boundless optimism, but is also the first one to kick your ass six ways from Sunday if you cause trouble. Her pixie wings give her the ability to fly, almost twice as fast as Angel when she sets her mind to it, she can release "pixie dust" that gives anyone it hits powerful hallucinations, and also she's a witch. Like a straight up candidate for sorcerer supreme should Doctor Strange ever bite it. Sure right now she can just barely conjure up a sleeping spell and the ability to teleport, but all of this alone makes her a natural fit for the X-Men should Marvel be smart enough to realize the money printer Pixie could prove to be in marketing if they pull her off right." Anya Crittenton of Gay Star News ranked Pixie 3rd in their "7 LGBTI Heroes We Want to See in Marvel’s New All-Female TV Series" list. Alyssa Gawaran of MovieWeb ranked Pixie 8th in their "8 LGBTQ+ Marvel Comics Characters That Need to Be in the MCU" list. Matthew Perpetua of BuzzFeed ranked Pixie 41st in their "95 X-Men Members Ranked From Worst To Best" list, saying, "Pixie is basically like a mashup of Magik and Jubilee—she's got the former's teleportation and magical powers, but has the spunky, sarcastic qualities of the latter. For a while it seemed like she was brought into the cast to fill the obligatory "teenage girl" role, but she's developed into a more nuanced character over time despite having an increasingly smaller role in the franchise." Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly ranked Pixie 64th in their "Let's Rank Every X-Man Ever" list.
Screen Rant ranked Pixie 6th in their "15 Most Powerful X-Men Members Who Joined in the 2000s (Ranked)" list. Comic Book Resources ranked Pixie 9th in their "10 Best Fights From Avengers Vs X-Men" list, 20th in their "20 Most Powerful Supernatural Marvel Characters" list, 20th in their "20 X-Men Who Are Much More Powerful Than They Look" list, and 25th in their "25 Most Powerful Young X-Men" list.
Literary reception
Volumes
X-Men: Pixies and Demons (2008)
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, X-Men: Pixies and Demons #1 was the 123rd best selling comic book in November 2008.
X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back (2010)
Issue 1
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back #1 was the 114th best selling comic book in February 2010.
James Hunt of Comic Book Resources called X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back #1 an "interesting spin on the character," saying, "One of the reasons Pixie has been steadily growing in popularity is that the character's visual is rather more striking than many of her peers. The fairy wings, pink hair and dark eyes make her as iconic as any of the "classic" X-Men, and Sara Pichelli does the character justice with her artwork. Indeed, all the characters. In Immonen and Pichelli, Marvel have managed to find a fantastic creative team (and, letterer aside, an all-female at that) with a distinctive and original take on the X-Men. Compared to the rather dour and homogenous feeling most of the line has at the moment, this can't help but stand out. It might not have an event to piggyback on, but it is, undoubtedly, a worthwhile purchase for all current X-fans." Bryan Joel of IGN gave X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back #1 a grade of 7.2 out of 10, writing, "All signs point to Pixie Strikes Back veering more into traditional territory down the line, but as far as this issue's concerned, it's a welcomed alternate take on the junior team with some unexpected wit from Immonen and more than a few charming qualities. Basically, if you were put off by the idea of a mini-series called Pixie Strikes Back, issue #1 is probably not going to change your tune. If you can get past that, however, it's a cool little X-curio."
Issue 2
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back #2 was the 154th best selling comic book in March 2010.
Greg McElhatton of Comic Book Resources described X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back #2 as an "enticing read," asserting, "X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back! may look like another disposable mutant mini-series, but Immonen's snappy script is strong enough that it's quietly beating the odds. If all mini-series and one-offs were this strong, I think we'd have a lot more happy customers in the store buying them." Dan Iverson of IGN ranked the cover of the comic book X-Men: Pixie Strikes Back #2 78th in their "Top 100 Comic Book Covers of 2010" list, writing, "Our picks for best cover of the year were chosen based on artistic quality, representation of the content within, entertainment value, and our editors' personal leanings."
Other versions
Age of X
An alternate version of Megan Gwynn appears in the "Age of X" reality. She is known as "Nightmare" and her "pixie dust" causes frightening hallucinations. Her appearance is different as well, with her skin tone lavender and her wings having a bat-like appearance. Her personality is also more sassy and unreserved.
Ultimate Marvel
An alternate version of Megan Gwynn appears in the Ultimate Marvel universe. Her wings and hair share a similar rainbow coloration, her main power is her teleportation, which is natural to her rather than a mystical spell. She requires recharging to teleport, and each teleportation confers a natural high to her. She helps Kitty Pryde to make a final stand against Jean Grey and her nation of Tian. Gwynn is knocked unconscious during the destruction of Tian. The X-Men find her and a group of survivors she managed to save in the ruins of Tian. A mutant named Amp, who can amplify others' powers, gives Gwynn a boost and she attempts to teleport everyone back to Utopia, only to accidentally teleport them into a barren dimension filled with the Gah Lak Tus drone swarm. She manages to save an infected Jimmy Hudson by teleporting the individual infected cells out of his body. The X-Men and Rick Jones (Captain Marvel) hold off the swarm until Gwynn can recharge, but she is stabbed by a drone before she can teleport the group away.
Avengers vs X-Men
An alternate version of Megan Gwynn appears in a bonus story of Avengers vs. X-Men: Versus #6. She is depicted competing against Squirrel Girl in a game resembling HeroClix, where the toys are based on various superheroes. Thing walks in, stopping the game to reveal that the figurines actually belong to the Puppet Master and are made out of his Mind Control Clay. The next day, Squirrel Girl and Gwynn read in the Daily Bugle that the clash between the Avengers and X-Men has occurred, and have been mirroring the results from their game, jokingly implying that they were the cause of the feud.
Secret Wars
An alternate version of Megan Gwynn appears in the Secret Wars crossover event. She is a member of the Runaways, and is a high school student at the Victor Von Doom Institute for Gifted Youths. She is best friends and exes with Jubilee, and is established to be bisexual. She is paired up with the other characters for their Institute's final exam. During the Institute's battle examination, Gwynn is killed by a rival team. It was believed by the school's students that the exam was only virtual, and those dead in it were swiftly expelled, but her team discovers her body by accident, and decide to run away from the institute.
In other media
Television
Pixie appears in Wolverine and the X-Men, voiced by Kate Higgins.
Video games
Pixie appears in X-Men: Destiny, voiced by Aileen Ong Casas. This version is an associate of Caliban in rescuing mutants until she is captured by the Purifiers, who seek to acquire her teleportation powers. She attempts to escape them, but is ultimately killed.
Pixie appears as a playable character in Marvel Super War.
References
External links
British superheroes
Characters created by Christina Weir
Characters created by Nunzio DeFilippis
Comics characters introduced in 2004
Fictional bisexual women
Fictional characters with evocation or summoning abilities
Fictional fairies and sprites
Fictional knife-fighters
Fictional Welsh people
Marvel Comics characters who can teleport
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics characters who use magic
Marvel Comics female superheroes
Marvel Comics hybrids
Marvel Comics LGBT superheroes
Marvel Comics mutants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixie%20%28X-Men%29 |
Count Ul de Rico, AKA Ulderico Conte Gropplero di Troppenburg (1944-2023), was an Italian-born artist and author of illustrated children's books, most notably The Rainbow Goblins (1978) and its sequel The White Goblin. (1996) He was also a major artistic contributor to the children's fantasy film The NeverEnding Story (1984), based on the book of the same name by Michael Ende.
Career
Ul de Rico was born in 1944 in Udine, Italy. He lived in Munich for many years, studying at the Munich Academy. He studied painting under Professor Franz Nagel and, under the tutelage of Professor Rudolf Heinrich, received his diploma in stage and costume design. He now lives in France.
The Rainbow Goblins was published in 1978 in Germany, and was translated into English in the same year by Stanley Baron. It is a story of 7 goblins, each a different color of the rainbow, who travel through the land catching rainbows and stealing their color. The work was praised for its enchanting oil-on-oak illustrations, which vividly draw the reader into the world of the goblins; and its simple story, which teaches children about color as well as reverence for natural beauty.
In 1980, Ul de Rico wrote and illustrated The Ring of the Nibelung: Wagner's epic drama, an interpretation of the extraordinary 15-hour epic Opera series composed by Richard Wagner over the course of 26 years. de Rico's story was a simplified, truncated version of the full play cycle, which took several creative liberties, the most noticeable of which was the use of the three Norns as narrators throughout the story, rather than merely for Götterdämmerung, as in the original. The oil-on-oak color paintings were all designed similarly: the painting was ringed by the three Norns and their golden rope, and the top half of the painting showed a different scene from the bottom. The top image and bottom image were connected thematically, but not sequentially within the story.
In 1980, Ul de Rico also was the artist responsible for the skies and clouds in the film Flash Gordon.
In 1982, Ul de Rico illustrated Richard Adams' short novel The Legend of Te Tuna, a story based on characters from Polynesian mythology. His paintings complemented Adams' poetic verse quite effectively.
His work on the NeverEnding Story (1984) was similarly vivid and fantastic; the production team based many of their storyboards and animations on his creations from the novel. There were additional characters he created that were not produced.
In 1996, Ul de Rico painted a sequel to his original Goblins story entitled The White Goblin. The paintings were of a similar vein to his previous work, but many were nearly devoid of color and were a stark contrast to the effulgence of the originals. This was done deliberately, as the White Goblin had a more ecologically sinister plot than his brethren, one that involved habitat destruction and the subjugation of natural resources for his own selfish ends. This book seems appropriate for an age group somewhat older than that of the first. The moral lessons (as well as the story, illustrations and language) are more complex and profound than before.
Ul de Rico also has illustrated covers for music albums as well.
In 1981 and 1997, Japanese musician Masayoshi Takanaka released Jazz/Rock albums entitled The Rainbow Goblins and The White Goblin that were based on Ul de Rico's books of the same name. On his 1999 album Slowdeath(The Permanent Cry) the rapper Doseone reads an excerpt from the first and last chapter of The Rainbow Goblins In 2017, the band Primus released The Desaturating Seven, a concept album also inspired by the text and art of The Rainbow Goblins.
Style
His paintings carry a slightly surreal theme which allows readers to be drawn into their colorful imaginary world while still being reminded of the beautiful natural world which inspired them.
Selected works
The Rainbow Goblins (1978)
The Ring of the Nibelung (illustrations plus compilation of extracts from Wagner's text) (1980)
The Legend of Te Tuna (1982) (illustrations), by Richard Adams (author)
Die Unendliche Geschichte (film) (1984) (character design)
The White Goblin (1996)
References
External links
Official Ul de Rico site
Italian children's writers
Italian children's book illustrators
Living people
1944 births
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ul%20de%20Rico |
"Soak Up the Sun" is a song by American singer Sheryl Crow. She and her longtime co-worker Jeff Trott wrote the song following a conversation they had during a plane flight, when they discussed the changing weather as they flew to New York City from Portland, Oregon. Crow was recovering from surgery at the time, inspiring her and Trott to write a happy song that would cheer her up. In the song, Crow has no money to afford any luxuries or necessities, but she decides that wallowing in her sadness is not a productive activity, so she reflects on what she currently has and "puts on a happy face" that she plans to spread to others. Crow chose to release the song as the lead single from her fourth studio album, C'mon, C'mon (2002), as she wanted to enliven people living in a post-9/11 society.
Crow first performed the song at the 2002 AFC Championship Game in January 2002, and A&M Records released "Soak Up the Sun" as a single in the United States on February 11, 2002. The song became Crow's sixth top-40 hit in the US, reaching number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topping two other Billboard rankings. The Victor Calderone and Mac Quayle remixes also topped the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart, making it Crow's only record to peak atop the listing. "Soak Up the Sun" was America's 35th-best-performing single of 2002, and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) awarded the song a gold disc in 2005. Worldwide, the song reached the top 10 in Croatia and the top 20 in Austria, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
A music video directed by Wayne Isham was made for the song, featuring Crow performing the track with many beachgoers on Oahu, Hawaii. The video shows her performing the song at several locations on the beach and surfing. These scenes are interspersed with other surfers riding the waves as well. Various cosmetics and lotions were used to achieve Crow's tanned look in the music video, with makeup artist Scott Barnes wanting a "St. Tropez" look. On her birthday, which occurred during filming, Crow received a surfboard from the crew that she uses in the video.
Background, release, and promotion
"Soak Up the Sun" originated from a conversation that Sheryl Crow had with co-worker Jeff Trott during a plane trip. The two were flying from Portland, Oregon, to New York City, and Trott commented how "ironic" it was that they were departing a rainy city for a sunny city. This thought stuck with Trott after the trip, and he and Crow wrote a song based on what he felt during the trip. Around the same time, Crow was recovering from non-invasive surgery, leaving her debilitated. She and Trott decided to write the song to take her mind off her discomfort, and the lyrics came to them rapidly. Crow claims that the reason they came to her so quickly was because of the medication she was on, which also influenced her to write another track for C'mon, C'mon, "Weather Channel". In a 2002 interview with Radio & Records, Crow recalled that she wrote the song and most of the album before the September 11 attacks, and she wanted to release the song as the lead single from C'mon, C'mon since northern summer was only a few months away and because she wanted everyone to feel better after the stressful winter. Along with Trina Shoemaker and Eric Tew, Crow recorded the song and album at various studios in the United States and United Kingdom.
Crow first performed "Soak Up the Sun" on January 27, 2002, at the 2002 AFC Championship Game, and it was released to adult album alternative, hot adult contemporary, and top 40 radio stations on February 11, 2002. Two days later, Radio & Records Music Meeting website made the song available for download, becoming the first retailer to do so. In Europe and Australia, A&M Records issued the song as a CD single on March 25, 2002, backed with two non-album B-sides: "Chances Are" and "You're Not the One". The same month, Crow traveled around Europe to promote the song and its parent album. Two days after its European release, a CD single was issued in Japan, and on April 1, 2002, A&M released "Soak Up the Sun" in the United Kingdom as two CD singles and a cassette single. During a live performance at the Glastonbury Festival in June 2019, Crow dedicated the song to Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg.
Composition and lyrics
"Soak Up the Sun" is a bubblegum pop song written in common time with a key of E major, following a moderately fast tempo of 120 beats per minute. American singer Liz Phair appears as a guest vocalist, with Tim Smith providing additional background vocals. Keith Philips of The A.V. Club described "Soak Up the Sun" as a "tribute to good living", and Billboard magazine editor Chuck Taylor noted that the song resembles Crow's earlier works, particularly "All I Wanna Do" (1994), with simplistic instrumentation and lyrics about living with what one already has. Crow has also acknowledged the similarity, explaining that the difference between the two songs is that "All I Wanna Do" is more "sardonic" in its meaning.
For "Soak Up the Sun", Crow plays acoustic guitar and an F/X keyboard while Trott plays electric guitar, acoustic guitar, lap steel guitar, and bass. Jeff Anthony plays drums, and he, along with Trott, handled drum programming. At the start of the song, Crow laments her economical issues, revealing that she does not have enough money to pay for her basic needs. However, she decides that the temptation of wanting things is not what matters; rather, it is what she already has that is important. The chorus states that she is going to "soak up the sun", which is a metaphor for "putting on a happy face", and that she will implore others to do the same. She chooses not to blame anyone for her misery and instead looks to the future with a cheerful attitude.
The song's overall lyrical meaning is diverse depending on which lines are examined. Crow stated that she believes "Soak Up the Sun" is about trying to live life with a constant smile despite the hardships that people encounter on a daily basis. Abigail Martin of college newspaper The Maine Campus wrote that the song illustrates this theme while also cautioning that nothing lasts forever, as indicated by the post-chorus line "before [the Sun] goes out on me". Music critics have noted that the song is reproachful of consumerism—as hinted by the lyric "while it's still free" as well as the communist mentioned at the beginning of the song—and how it relates to the declining popularities of certain celebrities, including Crow herself. Conversely, other critics believe that the line is literal, stating that the sun does not cost anything and therefore should always be available as a source for optimism. Entertainment Weeklys David Browne wrote that the song is a critique on "information-saturated culture".
Critical reception
Reviewing the song for Billboard, Chuck Taylor called "Soak Up the Sun" "reassuring" when compared with the changing chart trends of early 2002, commenting that the track is "top-notch, honest-to-goodness musicianship". Steve Wonsiewicz of Radio & Records described the song as "breezy" and "feel-good". UK radio station The Revolution head of music Chris Gregg said the song is more "mature" than Crow's previous material and could catch the attention of adult audiences. On April 27, 2002, Music & Media magazine named it their "Pick of the Week", with music editor Thorsten Weber noting that it does not take long for listeners to sing along, labeling the song as "melodic" and "catchy". Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine noted that Crow's lyrics were a return to form and compared the song to the works of the Beach Boys. Retrospectively, Raymond Cummings of popular culture website Splice Today gave the song a negative review, referring to is as one of the most "loathsome" songs of the 2000s decade and criticizing its lyrics, comparing them to a superficial message one would find on a Hallmark card.
Chart performance
In the United States, "Soak Up the Sun" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 73 on April 13, 2002, becoming that week's "Hot Shot Debut". Fourteen issues later, on July 20, 2002, the song rose to its peak of number 17. It was Crow's sixth single to enter the top 40 and spent a total of 29 weeks on the Hot 100, last appearing at number 42 on October 26, 2002. In December 2002, Billboard ranked the song at number 35 on its year-end Hot 100 edition. The song became a number-one hit on two other Billboard charts: the Adult Alternative Songs chart and the Adult Top 40. On the former chart, it spent seven weeks at number one, while on the latter, it remained at the top spot for nine weeks. It additionally reached number five on the magazine's Adult Contemporary chart and number 15 on the Mainstream Top 40 listing. On the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart, the Victor Calderone and Mac Quayle remixes topped the ranking on the week of June 1, 2002, becoming Crow's only song to top this chart. The RIAA awarded the song a gold certification in June 2005 for digital sales exceeding 500,000 in the US alone. In Canada, the song charted for one week on the Canadian Singles Chart, at number 24 on April 27, 2002. It was the second-most played song on Canadian radio in 2002.
In the United Kingdom, "Soak Up the Sun" became Crow's 15th and penultimate top-40 hit, debuting at peaking at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart in April 2002. It spent 10 weeks within the top 100, her longest-charting single since "All I Wanna Do" logged 17 weeks in the top 100 in 1995. In neighboring Ireland, the song peaked at number 36 and spent five weeks on the Irish Singles Chart; it was her only single besides "All I Wanna Do" that spent at least five weeks on the listing. On continental Europe, the song reached the top 10 in Croatia, peaking at number seven. It was also a top-40 hit in Romania, where it rose to number 39 in June 2002 and stayed on the Romanian Top 100 for 17 weeks. In German-speaking Europe, although the track stalled at number 96 in Germany, it reached number 15 in both Austria and Switzerland. In Switzerland, it logged 30 weeks on the Swiss Hitparade, becoming the country's 94th-most-successful single of 2002. Elsewhere in Europe, "Soak Up the Sun" reached number 51 on the French Singles Chart, number 76 on the Dutch Single Top 100, and number 17 on Wallonia's Ultratip Bubbling Under chart, attaining a peak of number 70 on the Eurochart Hot 100. In Oceania, the single rose into the top 20 in New Zealand, attaining a peak of number 19 on June 9, 2002, and remaining in the top 50 for 16 weeks, but in Australia, it failed to enter the top 75, reaching number 88 on April 1, 2002.
Music video
Wayne Isham directed the video to "Soak Up the Sun", which was filmed on Oahu, Hawaii. The first day was rainy, but by the next day, the weather had cleared up. That same day, for Crow's 40th birthday, the music video's crew gave Crow a custom-made surfboard. Speaking of the experience, Crow said, "I couldn't have asked for a sweeter birthday [...] And I couldn't wait to go surfing." During the filming, she rode waves alongside professional surfers such as Malia Jones and Pākē Salmon. To prepare Crow's hair for the video, hairstylist Peter Butler lathered it with Fudge Oomf Booster, then blow-dried it straight. Afterwards, he curled her hair with Velcro rollers, sprayed it with Phytolaque Soie hair spray, and used a curling iron to texture several areas. For Crow's skin, makeup artist Scott Barnes decided to replicate a St. Tropez tan, which he accomplished by applying Body Bling cream. He also used his then-upcoming brand of mascara on Crow's eyelashes. The clothes Crow wore during filming were courtesy of Linda Medvene, who explained, "The concept was to make her look like a rock star and yet fit in with the surfers."
The video features numerous clips of surfers riding waves and includes several freeze frames with yellow coloration. During the introduction, Crow retrieves her surfboard from her car and puts on lotion. As she performs the song with her guitar, she is mostly seen on the beach. During the first verse, she is seen in a recreational vehicle (RV). As the first chorus begins, she leaves the RV and prances with her guitar close to the ocean. The second verse features Crow singing by a waterfall, where various people, including herself, jump into the water below. Shortly before the second chorus begins, Crow is seen riding in a car. The sun sets during the final section, where many beachgoers dances around Crow and sing the song with her. The video ends by fading to yellow during a scene where Crow is next to a beach fire.
Track listings
Mexican, European, Australian, and Japanese CD single
"Soak Up the Sun" (radio edit) – 3:25
"Chances Are" – 5:14
"You're Not the One" – 4:06
"Soak Up the Sun" (album version) – 4:54
Mexican, European, and South African maxi-CD single
"Soak Up the Sun" (album version) – 4:54
"Soak Up the Sun" (Sunsweep radio mix) – 4:24
"Soak Up the Sun" (Sunsweep club mix) – 10:08
"Soak Up the Sun" (Sunsweep dub) – 6:12
UK cassette single
"Soak Up the Sun" (radio edit) – 3:25
"Everyday Is a Winding Road" – 4:16
"If It Makes You Happy" – 5:23
UK CD1
"Soak Up the Sun" (radio edit) – 3:25
"Chances Are" – 5:14
"You're Not the One" – 4:06
"Soak Up the Sun" (video)
UK CD2
"Soak Up the Sun" (album version) – 4:52
"My Favorite Mistake" (live version) – 4:14
"A Change Would Do You Good" (live version) – 5:18
CD-ROM, including preview of new album
Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the C'mon, C'mon album booklet and the international CD single liner notes.
Studios
Recorded at various studios in the US and UK
Mixed at Soundtrack Studios (New York City)
Mastered at Masterdisk (New York City)
Personnel
Sheryl Crow – writing, vocals, acoustic guitar, F/X keyboard, production
Jeff Trott – writing, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, lap steel guitar, bass, drum programming, production
Liz Phair – guest vocals
Tim Smith – backing vocals
Jeff Anthony – drums, drum programming
Trina Shoemaker – recording
Eric Tew – recording
Andy Wallace – mixing
Steve Sisco – mixing assistant
Howie Weinberg – mastering
Mark Seliger – artwork photography
SMOG – artwork design
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2002 songs
2002 singles
A&M Records singles
Music videos directed by Wayne Isham
Sheryl Crow songs
Songs about consumerism
Songs written by Jeff Trott
Songs written by Sheryl Crow | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soak%20Up%20the%20Sun |
Mosibudi Mangena OLS (born 7 August 1947 in Tzaneen, Transvaal) is a South Africa politician, former President of the Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO). He is also currently the honorary President of AZAPO while Strike Thokoane is the current President, this is not unusual in the Black Consciousness Movement as was the case with Steve Biko who was also the honorary President of the Black People's Convention in the early-1970s while Winfrey Kgware was the President. He was the Minister of Science and Technology (29 April 2004 - 10 May 2009).
He was born in Tzaneen, matriculated from Hebron Training College in 1969 and achieved an MSc degree in Applied Mathematics from the University of South Africa (called the University of Azania on the AZAPO website). He joined the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) and was elected onto the Students Representative Council at the University of Zululand in 1971. Moving back to Pretoria, he became chairperson of the SASO Pretoria branch in 1972. He chaired the Botswana region of the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania (BCMA) in 1981 and the BCMA central committee from 1982 to 1994.
He is also the former commander in chief of the Azanian National Liberation Army (AZANLA), the former armed wing of AZAPO.
Mangena returned from exile in 1994 and became leader of AZAPO. He was appointed as Deputy Minister of Education in South Africa by President Thabo Mbeki in 2001, and he became Minister of Science and Technology in 2004.
After the resignation of Thabo Mbeki as President of South Africa in September 2008, AZAPO announced that they withdrew Mosibudi from his ministerial position.
References
1947 births
Living people
People from Tzaneen
Azanian People's Organisation politicians
Government ministers of South Africa
Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
University of South Africa alumni
University of Zululand alumni
Members of the Order of Luthuli | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosibudi%20Mangena |
Carlos Daniel Franco (born 24 May 1965) is a Paraguayan professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions. He is the brother of golfer Ángel Franco.
Franco was born in Asunción, Paraguay. He comes from a poor background and grew up in a one-room, dirt-floor home. His father was a greenkeeper and caddie, and he has five brothers, all of whom became golf professionals. Carlos turned professional in 1986 and has played in many parts of the world. He has won more than twenty tournaments in Latin America, and from 1994 to 1999 he won five times on the Japan Golf Tour. He also won the 1994 Philippine Open title on the Asia Golf Circuit and claimed the Order of Merit title that season. He first played on the U.S.-based PGA Tour in 1999 and was fully exempt until 2006. He was the first rookie to surpass $1 million in earnings in a season and won the PGA Tour Rookie of the Year title. He won four times on the PGA Tour. He has featured in the top 20 of the Official World Golf Rankings, going as high as 16th in 2000. He is also one of the few non-Americans to win a Presidents Cup as a member of the 1998 team.
After struggling to stay on the PGA Tour, Franco also played on the Web.com Tour and PGA Tour Latinoamérica. Franco joined the Champions Tour after turning 50.
At the 2019 Pan American Games, Franco teamed with Fabrizio Zanotti, Julieta Granada, and Sofia García, to win the silver medal in the mixed team event.
Professional wins (25)
PGA Tour wins (4)
PGA Tour playoff record (1–0)
PGA of Japan Tour wins (5)
PGA of Japan Tour playoff record (0–1)
Asia Golf Circuit wins (1)
Other wins (13)
1985 Chile Open
1986 Chaco Open (Argentina)
1987 Asunción Open (Paraguay)
1990 Norpatagonico Open (Argentina)
1991 Daytron Cup (Paraguay)
1992 Paraguay Open
1993 Los Leones Open (Chile), Uruguay Open, Asunción Open (Paraguay)
2000 Paraguay Open
2001 Brazil Open
2003 Brazil Open
2004 Center Open (Argentina)
PGA Tour Champions wins (2)
Results in major championships
WD = Withdrew
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place.
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 4 (1998 Open Championship – 1999 U.S. Open)
Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (twice)
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place.
Results in World Golf Championships
1Cancelled due to 9/11
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = Tied
NT = No tournament
Results in senior major championships
Results are not in chronological order before 2022.
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic
Team appearances
Alfred Dunhill Cup (representing Paraguay): 1991, 1993, 1994, 1999
World Cup (representing Paraguay): 1992, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007
Presidents Cup (International Team): 1998 (winners), 2000
See also
1998 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
2007 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
External links
The Carlos Franco Country And Golf Club's official site
Paraguayan male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Japan Golf Tour golfers
PGA Tour Champions golfers
Pan American Games medalists in golf
Pan American Games silver medalists for Paraguay
Golfers at the 2019 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
South American Games silver medalists for Paraguay
South American Games medalists in golf
Competitors at the 2022 South American Games
Sportspeople from Asunción
1965 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Franco |
Dial is an American brand of soap, body wash and hand sanitizer manufactured by Henkel North American Consumer Goods, the American subsidiary of Henkel AG & Co. KGaA. It was the world's first antibacterial soap.
History
Dial emerged as a result of a collaborative effort by a team of accomplished chemists that worked at Armour and Company, with Emmett Patrick Glynn standing out as a key contributor. This dedicated team collectively crafted Dial, a truly pioneering product. Remarkably, despite their remarkable achievement, none of these brilliant minds, including Glynn, were rewarded with substantial compensation for their groundbreaking work. In 1948, their innovative creation made its debut in the Chicago market, courtesy of Armour and Company, a well-established meat-packing company.. Armour had produced soap since 1888; its laundry soap was made from tallow, a by-product of Armour's meat production processes. Dial was made antibacterial by the addition of hexachlorophene, referred to by the company as AT-7. The product was named Dial and promised "round-the-clock" protection against the odor caused by perspiration.
Dial was introduced nationally in 1949 and was advertised as "the first active, really effective deodorant soap in all history [because it] removes skin bacteria that cause perspiration odor". Although researchers had never established a link between hexachlorophene and germ protection, Armour's early advertisements graphically depicted germs and microbes before and after use of Dial soap. Hexachlorophene, the active ingredient in Dial, was removed from the consumer market and strictly limited in the hospital setting in the early 1970s amid reports that it caused neurological damage in infants. When the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) outlawed its use in non-medicinal products, Armour-Dial replaced it with triclocarban, a synthetic antibacterial compound.
Dial became the leading deodorant soap brand in the U.S. From 1953 until the mid-1990s, Dial soap was advertised under the slogan "Aren't you glad you use Dial? (Don't you wish everybody did?)".
In September 2016, the FDA ruled that antibacterial soaps containing triclocarban and triclosan can no longer be marketed. Dial replaced these ingredients with benzalkonium chloride (for bar soaps) and benzethonium chloride (for liquid hand soaps). In its 2016 ruling, the FDA also stated that it is deferring the final rule on benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and chloroxylenol by a year to allow for the development and submission of new safety and effectiveness data for these ingredients. Consumer antibacterial washes containing these specific ingredients may be marketed during this time while data are being collected.
References
External links
Dial Soap website
Soap brands
Products introduced in 1948
Henkel brands
Dial Corporation brands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%20%28soap%29 |
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