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Newlyn Copper was a class of arts and crafts copperware originating in Newlyn in Cornwall.
History
In the late 19th century the fishing industry in Cornwall was becoming unreliable as a source of income; bad weather and seasonal fluctuations brought enforced periods of inactivity. It was decided that an alternative means of employment could be gained by training the unemployed fishermen to produce items in copper.
John Drew Mackenzie, an artist who settled at Newlyn was a key figure in setting up the Newlyn Industrial Class, assisted by the benefactor and local Member of Parliament, Thomas Bedford Bolitho, and artists Reginald Dick, T. C. Gotch, Perry Craft and John Pearson.
After some early experiments, the class specialised in repoussé copper work and produced a wide range of domestic and decorative items. The school remained active for about thirty years after its establishment in 1890.
Other known artists who produced work in the Newlyn style included: Herbert Dyer, Obed Nicholls, Phillip Hodder, William Pezzack, Tom Batten, John Payne Cotton, John Curnow, John Edgar Laity, George Mildren, Joe Pengelly, William P. Wright and William Tonkin.
The range of objects produced by the class including trays, mirror and photograph frames, chambersticks, plates and chargers, boxes, bowls and coffee pots: designs typically featured fish, ships and other nautical themes.
A permanent collection, representing much of the work of the original Newlyn School, is on view at the Penlee House Gallery and Museum in Penzance. Newlyn Copper is now highly valued by collectors.
The Copper Works Newlyn was re-established by Michael Johnson in 2004.
See also
Keswick School of Industrial Art
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20050315221632/http://www.penleehouse.org.uk/art-history/newlyn-da.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20060208101652/http://oldcopper.org/newlyn.htm
http://www.artscrafts.org.uk/branches/newlyn/newlynhistory.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230446/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/decarts/dali%20212.html A classic example of Newlyn copper
http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=410&id=1294
https://web.archive.org/web/20070629131805/http://www.poikilia.co.uk/johnpearson.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20080522075650/http://www.jordanchard.com/webapp/jordanchard/servlet/JCViewPage?purpose=showpaintings&showby=artist&pagetitle=Newlyn+Copper%3Cbr%3E1890-1920&showid=50 Newlyn copper on Jordan & Chard website
Further reading
Berriman, Hazel (1986) Arts and Crafts in Newlyn 1890-1930 Newlyn: Newlyn Orion; Newlyn Art Gallery
Bennett, Daryl & Pill, Colin Newlyn Copper. Bristol: Sansom & Co.
Arts and Crafts movement
Copper objects
Newlyn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newlyn%20Copper |
Western Hills High School (WHHS) is a secondary school located in Benbrook, Texas, United States, serving the city of Benbrook, portions of western Fort Worth, and unincorporated portions of southwestern Tarrant County. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is a part of the Fort Worth Independent School District (FWISD).
History
The Western Hills community encompasses the urban area surrounding the school, the Benbrook city area, southwest Fort Worth, and the rural section west to the Tarrant County line. The city of Benbrook school system once served students in Benbrook and surrounding rural areas. In 1954, all Benbrook students above the sixth grade were transferred to the Fort Worth ISD. In 1962, the Benbrook School District was consolidated into the Fort Worth system, busing the high school students to North Side High School or Arlington Heights High School and its junior high schools to J.P. Elder or William Monnig Junior High. Western Hills was first opened on the campus of Arlington Heights High School, in the fall of 1968 with around 800 students crowded into thirteen temporary buildings. In January 1969, this student body moved into its new home, on the 25-acre tract in West Fort Worth at 3600 Boston Avenue.
The creation of General Dynamics Fort Worth Division in nearby White Settlement spurred an increased enrollment from the original 714 to 2,243 in 1972. At that time the student body was housed not only in the main building with one level but also in 23 portable buildings. With a decreasing student enrollment of 2,052 in the fall of 1980, the school building was expanded to two floors and eliminated the portable buildings.
On October 23, 1989, a briefcase containing a firebomb was found. During an attempt to disarm the device, it exploded, causing mostly smoke damage and no injuries. In 1991, the decline of student enrollment had tapered off to 1,503, reflecting of job losses from the sale of General Dynamics' Fort Worth division to Lockheed.
In recent years, school enrollment has ranged between 1,461 and 1,503. Recently, 14 portable buildings have been added to the campus.
Spirit
The school mascot is the cougar. Official school colors are forest green and gold and throwback colors reflecting early years are yellow and green.
The WHHS student newspaper is The Mountain Line, (a cougar is also known as a mountain lion) begun in the spring of 1970. The paper won the best-in-city award in its first year in a contest sponsored by the Fort Worth press.
Western Hills High School's school annual yearbook is named The Catamount. The name was chosen by the new school's annual staff after suggestions made by annual staff members.
Feeder patterns
Elementary
Luella Merrett Elementary
Waverly Park Elementary
Western Hills Elementary
Western Hills Primary
Middle school
Leonard Middle School
Applied Learning Academy
Academics
Languages
WHHS offers classes in American Sign Language, French, and Spanish.
Sports
WHHS currently competes as a University Interscholastic League Class 4A school.
Baseball
In 2001 Western Hills won the Texas Class 4A State baseball championship.
Football
The Cougars' home games are usually played in the FWISD's Farrington Field, but the team also frequently plays in Herman Clark Stadium and Scarborough-Handley Field when facing opponents that also belong to the school district.
In its inaugural year, the school's football team lost every game. The school years 1969 and 1970 saw the school's football team make a complete turn around and go on to win bi-district both years.
Playoff appearances
The Cougars have competed in the post-season playoffs toward the state title fifteen times, advancing to the second round three times. They have never advanced beyond the second round.
Wrestling
Western Hills was only one of six schools in FWISD to have a wrestling team.
Notable people
Terry Pierce, American football linebacker at Kansas State and later the Denver Broncos and the Houston Texans.
Todd Oldham, internationally recognized fashion designer and TV fashion host for MTV, graduated from Fort Worth, Texas' Western Hills High School in 1980.
William Flores, recipient of the Coast Guard Medal for valor in the Coast Guard's worst peacetime accident in history; namesake for the third US Coast Guard Sentinel-class Fast Response Cutter USCGC William Flores (WPC-1103); recipient of the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor
Vaden Todd Lewis, Guitarist, Vocalist for Toadies
External links
Western Hills High School
WHHS Band Website
References
Fort Worth Independent School District high schools | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Hills%20High%20School%20%28Benbrook%2C%20Texas%29 |
Jonathan Lewis Wallace (born May 16, 1986) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Walter Tigers Tübingen of the Basketball Bundesliga. The 6'2" guard from Huntsville, Alabama played college basketball for Georgetown University where he was the school's all-time three-point shooting leader in both percentage (43.4 percent) and field goals made (240). He was a government major and was accepted to the Georgetown University Law Center.
High school career
Wallace attended Sparkman High School in Harvest, Alabama, where he averaged 16.5 points, 4.1 assists, 3.1 rebounds and 2.4 steals per game. Wallace also played golf and captained the football team as starting quarterback. In addition, he was second-team All-State, Huntsville All-Metro Team, North Alabama Regional Team, and Wendy's High School Heisman State Finalist. Off the playing field, he was student government president, a National Honor Society member, and a Red Cross volunteer. Wallace also served as a member of Sparkman High School's We the People: The Citizen and the Constitution team in 2004 when it earned fourth place in the national competition.
Collegiate career
Wallace was originally recruited by Georgetown Head Coach John Thompson III when he was still coaching at Princeton University. In his freshman year, he averaged 6.5 points, 2.2 assists, 2.1 rebounds, and 1.2 steals during 30.4 minutes. In his sophomore year, Wallace improved to 8.6 points, 3.2 assists, 2.3 rebounds, and 1.0 steals during 31.1 minutes. In his junior year, Wallace was the starting point guard and led the team, along with highly touted juniors Roy Hibbert and Jeff Green, to the Final Four of the NCAA tournament, before losing to Ohio State. Wallace finished the season averaging 11.4 points, 3.1 assists, 2.7 rebounds, and .8 steals during 32.2 minutes, and shot an exceptional 49% from three-point range. He gained national attention in an Elite Eight matchup with UNC after hitting a three-pointer with 31 seconds left to tie the game. The Hoyas went on to win the game in overtime.
Wallace, whom Roy Hibbert nicknamed "Little Buddy", was on the 2007 pre-season All-Big East first team. As a senior in 2007–08, he averaged 10.7 points and 2.6 assists in 34 games.
Professional career
After going undrafted in the 2008 NBA draft, Wallace joined the Washington Wizards for the 2008 NBA Summer League. He later signed with Union Olimpija of Slovenia′s Premier A Slovenian Basketball League for the 2008–09 season. However, he left the club in November 2008 and signed with EWE Baskets Oldenburg of Germany in February 2009 for the rest of the season.
In November 2009, the Rio Grande Valley Vipers selected Wallace in the second round of the 2009 NBA Developmental League (D-League) draft. In July 2010, he joined the NBA D-League Select Team for the 2010 NBA Summer League.
Wallace later signed with FC Bayern Munich of Germany, where he spent two seasons. On July 28, 2012, he signed with Belfius Mons-Hainaut of Belgium for the 2012–13 season. On July 8, 2013, he signed a one-year deal with the Walter Tigers Tübingen in Germany. On May 23, 2014, he signed a one-year contract extension with Tübingen.
On June 30, 2015, Wallace joined the Charlotte Hornets for the 2015 NBA Summer League. From 2015 to 2016, he played for Recreativo do Libolo of Angola.
In August 2016, Georgetown University announced that it had hired Wallace to return to the school's basketball program as a special assistant to coach John Thompson III.
References
External links
Georgetown bio
Euroleague.net profile
Down on the Farm and Up in Washington, Hoyas’ Wallace Excels
Hoyas' Wallace Poised at the Point
The Hoyas' Working Partnership
1986 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Belgium
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Slovenia
Basketball players from Alabama
American men's basketball players
C.R.D. Libolo basketball players
FC Bayern Munich basketball players
Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball players
KK Olimpija players
Rio Grande Valley Vipers players
Sportspeople from Huntsville, Alabama
Tigers Tübingen players
Point guards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Wallace |
This is an episode list of the long-running documentary television series Modern Marvels.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (1992)
Season 2 (1996–97)
Season 3 (1997–98)
Season 4 (1998–99)
Season 5 (1999)
Season 6 (2000)
Season 7 (2001)
Season 8 (2002)
Season 9 (2003)
Season 10 (2004)
Season 11 (2005)
Season 12 (2006)
Season 13 (2007)
Season 14 (2008)
Season 15 (2009-10)
Season 16 (2011-12)
Season 17 (2012–14)
Season 18 (2021)
Season 19 (2021)
Season 20 (2021)
Season 21 (2022)
External reference links
History.com
imdb.com
tv.com
amazon.com
References
Documentary television series about industry
Documentary television series about science
Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Modern%20Marvels%20episodes |
Theodore Lockard Thomas (April 13, 1920 – September 24, 2005) was an American chemical engineer and patent attorney who wrote more than 50 science fiction short stories, published between the early 1950s to the late 1970s. He also collaborated on two novels with Kate Wilhelm, as well as producing stories under the pseudonyms of Leonard Lockhard and Cogswell Thomas, and was nominated for the 1967 Nebula Award for Best Short Story ("The Doctor") and for a Hugo Award.
Bibliography
Nonfiction
"The Watery Wonders of Captain Nemo" (Galaxy Science Fiction, December 1961)
Collaborations with Kate Wilhelm
The Clone (1965, expanded from his 1959 short story of the same name)
The Year of the Cloud (1970)
Short stories
"The Far Look", in Astounding Science Fiction, August 1956
"Ceramic Incident", in Astounding Science Fiction, October 1956
"The Innocents’ Refuge", in Science Fiction Stories, May 1957
"The Tour", in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, 1957
"Satellite Passage", in If, December 1958 (Also available in The Best of the Best Part One)
"Day of Succession", in Astounding Science Fiction, August 1959
"The Clone", in Fantastic, December 1959
"December 28th", in Playboy, December 1959
"The Intruder", in Fantasy and Science Fiction, February 1961
"Test", in Fantasy and Science Fiction, April 1962
"The Weather Man", in Analog Science Fiction and Fact, June 1962
"The Lonely Man", in Galaxy, April 1963
"The Ice Ages", in Fantasy and Science Fiction, April 1965
"Science Springboard, The: Smog", article in Fantasy and Science Fiction, January 1966
"The Doctor", in Orbit 2, 1967
"The Weather on the Sun", in Orbit 8, 1970 (Also available in The Science Fictional Solar System)
"Early Bird (Cogswell)", in Astounding: John W. Campbell Memorial Anthology, 1973
"The Splice", in Fantasy and Science Fiction, March 1981
As Cogswell Thomas
"Paradise Regained", in Saving Worlds, 1973 (in collaboration with Theodore Cogswell)
As Leonard Lockhard
"Improbable Profession" (1952), in Astounding, September 1952 (co-written with Charles L. Harness)
"The Lagging Profession" (1961)
"The Professional Approach" (1962), in "Analog", September 1962
References
External links
Discussion of Thomas and the accuracy of his predictions
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
2005 deaths
1920 births
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20L.%20Thomas |
Simon Crane (born 1960) is a British stuntman, stunt coordinator, second unit director and film director.
Biography
Born in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. Crane was originally a law student, but not liking it, he dropped out after one year and worked as an acrobat in a circus for three years. To fulfill English requirements for stuntmen to achieve instructor level in six sports, Crane became an instructor in gymnastics, parachuting, scuba diving, high diving, karate, and fencing. When he could not obtain a union card as a stuntman fast enough, he became an instructor in three more sports, including hang gliding. His father, Dr. John Crane, was the doctor for Arsenal F.C and the England national football team.
Career
Crane's first major work came in the 1985 Bond film A View to a Kill. In 1987 he became Timothy Dalton's stunt double in The Living Daylights. He also played the character of Che Che in a reenactment of the "gatecrasher" fight scene from On Her Majesty's Secret Service traditionally used to test the fighting skills of actors up for the part of James Bond. Vic Armstrong coordinated the fight. Actors believed to have tested opposite Crane in the screen tests include Mark Greenstreet, Sam Neill and Pierce Brosnan.
After spending five years as the apprentice to an experienced stunt coordinator, Crane was allowed to act as second unit stunt coordinator on Licence to Kill. In 1993, Crane performed the dangerous-looking aerial transfer for the film Cliffhanger, for which he earned an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records for being part of the most expensive stunt ever performed. It cost $1 million to have Simon Crane descending on a rope between two planes at an altitude of 4,572 m (15,000 ft).
In 1995 he became the overall stunt coordinator for GoldenEye – the opening bungee jump was voted the greatest film stunt ever in a poll for Sky Movies. After a four-year break from the Bond franchise, during which he coordinated stunts for the Academy Award-winning films Titanic (in which he happened to play fourth officer Joseph Boxhall, and had two lines) and Saving Private Ryan, Crane returned to handle the stunts for The World Is Not Enough, with Vic Armstrong as second unit director.
Crane also took the role of stunt coordinator in Will Smith's Hancock (2008).
He was to make his directorial début directing a film adaptation of the popular video game, Kane & Lynch: Dead Men but departed from the project. Crane directed the 3-D supernatural thriller The Peak, which was based on a screenplay from Neal Marshall Stevens and Crane worked with Will Smith again as second unit director and stunt coordinator on Men in Black 3.
Partial filmography
The Living Daylights (1987) – Gibraltar Soldier #1 (uncredited)
Blue Ice (1992) – Secret Serviceman (uncredited)
GoldenEye (1995) – Lt. François Brouse – Tiger Helicopter Pilot (uncredited)
Titanic (1997) – 4th Officer Joseph Boxhall
References
External links
Living people
British stunt performers
1960 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Crane |
This is a list of scale model sizes, listing a variety of size ratios for scale models.
Model scales
References
Scale model sizes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20scale%20model%20sizes |
On Your Side is the second studio album by Norwegian musician Magnet. The album was first released in Japan on 28 May 2003, on 23 June 2003 in Norway, 7 July 2003 in the United Kingdom, and 28 September 2004 in the United States. It contains a cover of Bob Dylan's "Lay Lady Lay" featuring Gemma Hayes, which was featured in the 2005 film Mr. & Mrs. Smith.
Three EPs preceded the album's release: Where Happiness Lives in June 2002, Chasing Dreams in September 2002, and The Day We Left Town in April 2003. Additionally, two singles followed to promote the album: "Last Day of Summer" in November 2003, and the aforementioned "Lay Lady Lay" in March 2004.
Track listing
The US release of the album includes the same bonus tracks, but switches the placement of tracks 13 and 14.
Singles
"Where Happiness Lives" on the Where Happiness Lives EP (3 June 2002)
"Chasing Dreams" on the Chasing Dreams EP (23 September 2002)
"The Day We Left Town" on The Day We Left Town EP (21 April 2003)
"Last Day of Summer" (24 November 2003)
"Lay Lady Lay" (22 March 2004)
"On Your Side" (remixes by Optimo) (promo only, 2004)
References
Magnet (musician) albums
2003 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20Your%20Side%20%28Magnet%20album%29 |
Employment Service Convention, 1948 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1948, with the preamble stating:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals concerning the organisation of the employment service,...
Ratifications
As of December 2022, the convention has been ratified by 92 states. Of the ratifying states, three states have denounced the treaty.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties entered into force in 1950
Treaties concluded in 1948
Treaties of Albania
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Australia
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Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania
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Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Yugoslavia
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Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies
Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea
Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
Treaties extended to British Honduras
Treaties extended to British Cyprus
Treaties extended to Gibraltar
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to British Guiana
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to British Kenya
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to British Mauritius
Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore
Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)
Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)
Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate
1948 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment%20Service%20Convention%2C%201948 |
Germanicus A. Kent (1791–1862) together with Thatcher Blake and Lewis Lemon founded Rockford, Illinois, United States in 1834.
Biography
Germanicus A. Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, in 1791 and attend Yale College. Around 1822, Kent moved to Huntsville, Alabama, establishing himself as a dry goods merchant, marrying Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg, Virginia, on June 7, 1827. Kent was later a cotton merchant as a partner in the firm of Patton, Donegan & Co at the Bell Cotton Factory on the Flint river near Huntsville.
The Kent family, including Lewis Lemon, a slave purchased by Germanicus as a boy, relocated to Illinois in 1834. After exploring the local area, Kent, Lemon and Thatcher Blake, a school teacher and farmer from Oxford, Maine, founded the settlement that was later to be called Rockford in 1834-1835. Germanicus and Arabella's daughter, Mary, was born in Rockford in 1836. They also had younger two sons called Lewis and John. In 1843, the Kent family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg, Virginia. Arabella died on May 26, 1851, and from 1856 Germanicus lived with his daughter, (now Mary Black) in Blacksburg until his death on March 1, 1862.
Memorials
In 1976, a statue called "Pulling Together" depicting a stylized scene of the founders of Rockford dragging their supply wagon through a swamp was unveiled as part of the Founders Memorial on Wyman Street Bypass, Rockford.
References
1791 births
1862 deaths
People from Rockford, Illinois
People from Suffield, Connecticut
People from Huntsville, Alabama
People from Blacksburg, Virginia
Rockford, Illinois
American city founders
Yale College alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanicus%20Kent |
The Royd Moor Wind Farm is located at Penistone, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England, and consists of thirteen 450 kW turbines. The site is located approximately north west of Penistone, above the A628 trunk road between Barnsley and Manchester. The turbines are set in two parallel, staggered rows of six and seven, on a ridge in hilly fell land lying above sea level.
These turbines were completed in 1993 and are in height to the hub and have a rotor diameter of . The maximum output is 6 mW, equivalent to the annual energy required to power 3,300 homes.
The original planning application was for a 25-year operation but an extension until the end of 2027 was granted in 2021.
References
External links
Renewables: Building a Sustainable future for generations to come
Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley
Wind farms in England
Penistone
Power stations in Yorkshire and the Humber | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royd%20Moor%20Wind%20Farm |
The Murutic languages are a family of half a dozen closely related Austronesian languages, spoken in the northern inland regions of Borneo by the Murut and Tidung.
Languages
The Murutic languages are (Lobel 2013):
Murut proper
Timugon Murut and Tagol Murut
Murut dialects
Keningau Murut, Beaufort Murut (Binta’), Tabalunan/Serudung Murut, Selungai Murut, Sembakung Murut, Okolod, Bookan, Tanggala Murut, Paluan, Agabag/Tinggalan Murut.
Tidung language
Burusu, Kalabakan, Nonukan Tidong, Sesayap Tidong
Tagol Murut is commonly used and understood by a large majority of the Murut peoples.
Lobel (2013:360) also lists the languages Abai Sembuak, Abai Tubu, and Bulusu (all spoken near Malinau town in North Kalimantan) as Murutic languages. On the other hand, Abai Sungai, spoken in eastern Sabah, is a Paitanic language.
Lobel (2016)
Lobel (2016) covers the following Greater Murutic languages, including Tidong:
Tatana
Papar
Murut Nabaay
Ganaʼ
Murut Timugon
Murut Paluan
Murut Tagol
Kolod
Western Tingalan
Eastern Tingalan
Murut Kalabakan
Abai Sembuak
Abai Tubu
Bulusu
Tidung Bengawong
Tidung Sumbol
Tidung Kalabakan
Tidung Mensalong
Tidung Malinau
Innovations
Lobel (2013:367) lists the following Murutic phonological innovations. (Note: PSWSAB stands for Proto-Southwest Sabahan, while PMP stands for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.)
PMP/PSWSAB *R > *h / __ V (except after *ə, where it had already shifted to *g in PSWSAB). Subsequently, Proto-Greater Murutic *h > Ø occurred in all daughter languages except Papar.
PMP/PSWSAB *R > *g / __ #
PMP/PSWSAB *aw > *ow; *ay > *oy
PMP/PSWSAB *iw > *uy
PGMUR *g- > Ø after the adjectival prefix *ma-
PMP/PSWSAB *ə > *a in non-final syllables, except in the environment *_Cə, where it is reflected as /o/
References
Lobel, Jason William. 2013. Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
Lobel, Jason William. 2016. North Borneo Sourcebook: Vocabularies and Functors. University of Hawaii Press. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murutic%20languages |
Richard Lee Roberts (born November 12, 1948) is an American television evangelist and faith healer who serves as the chairman and chief executive officer of the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association. He previously served fifteen years as the president of Oral Roberts University.
Early life and education
Richard Lee Roberts was born on November 12, 1948, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the son of evangelist Granville Oral Roberts and schoolteacher Evelyn Lutman Roberts. The third of four children, Richard had an older sister, Rebecca Ann, who was killed, along with her husband, Marshall Nash, in a plane crash in 1977; and an older brother, Ronald David, who committed suicide in 1982, six months after coming out as homosexual, and five months after entering a drug rehabilitation facility. Robert's younger sister, Roberta Jean Potts, is a practicing attorney in Tulsa.
As a young boy, Roberts watched his father travel the United States and the world conducting healing meetings, where he would preach and pray for the sick. At times, his father and mother were gone for periods as long as six weeks. When school permitted, Roberts accompanied his father on trips and dreamed of having a healing ministry of his own; many times walking by his side as his father prayed for people in the "invalid tent". During the portions of the services where his father prayed for people, Roberts was often standing on his chair, clapping when people were healed.
At age 5, Roberts had his first public performance at an Oral Roberts crusade in Baltimore, Maryland, where he stood on a chair to sing "I Believe." Around the same time, his father began to teach him golf; the first time he swung the club, Roberts sent a ball through the family's living room window. In the book Expect A Miracle: My Life and Ministry, Oral Roberts wrote about the bond he and his son Richard built through playing golf.
Though drawn to ministry, the attention his father drew made Roberts uncomfortable, leading to teasing at school. Roberts wrote, "I came home from school many a day with my shirt torn and my nose bloodied from being in fights with the other kids who made fun of me, my dad and the healing ministry of Jesus Christ." As a teenager, with the negative press his father was receiving and pressure from his father to sing at crusades, he began to pull away from involvement with his father's ministry and began pursuing other talents and interests, such as singing. Roberts learned to play the guitar and performed around Oklahoma, dreaming of a career as a nightclub singer in Las Vegas. In 1966, he played the lead in his high school's production of The Sound of Music and was offered a scholarship to Interlochen.
Graduating from Memorial High School in May 1966 Roberts attended University of Kansas, intending to study music. During the summer of his freshman year, he worked at the famous Starlight Theater in Kansas City, with a number of performers including Shirley Jones. He also had been working in a number of nightclubs and had been offered a contract to sing in Las Vegas.
While at the University of Kansas, Roberts fell ill and had to go to the hospital. When he returned home, he heard a voice telling him that he was in the wrong place and that he belonged at Oral Roberts University instead. The next year, Roberts left Kansas and enrolled at ORU. In 1968 Roberts dedicated his life to Jesus Christ and joined his father’s ministry as a singer.
Roberts holds three degrees from Oral Roberts University: BA in communications in 1985; a master's degree in 1992; and a DMin degree in 2002.
Family
Against the wishes of his family and friends, Roberts married Patricia "Patti" Holcombe on November 27, 1968. In his book, He’s The God of a Second Chance, Roberts wrote that the marriage was "a terrible mistake that I didn't know how to get out of," but that he did not believe in divorce. Together they have two children, Christi (b. 1971) and Juli (b. 1972). Patti filed for divorce in 1978. In 1983, she released a book called Ashes to Gold, discussing her thoughts on Roberts' ministry and university.
Because of his high-profile divorce, Roberts believed it was important to go before the executive staff of the ministry and the university to discuss his desire to remarry and seek their approval. They approved his request. Several weeks later, on January 11, 1980, Roberts married Lindsay Salem at the campus chapel of Rollins College.
Together, Richard and Lindsay had four children. After several miscarriages, their first child, Richard Oral, was born on January 17, 1984. Within hours, complications developed and he died 36 hours after birth. Jordan was born in 1985. Olivia was born in 1987. Chloe was born in 1989. Roberts has 3 grandchildren.
Career
Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association
At 19, Roberts joined his father's ministry and became immediately involved in several areas of the ministry including radio, television and traveling with his father on domestic and international crusades. His first trip was in December of the same year to Haiti singing with the music team, Oral Roberts Collegians. His first area of responsibility was reorganizing and developing the Collegians music group into the World Action Singers. Roberts and this group would be featured in the new Sunday morning television program, taped in Los Angeles and prime-time television specials that were taped in different locations around the world.
Over the next decade Roberts sang on the television programs and produced more than 15 record albums. When not involved in television production Roberts traveled the US and around the world performing in concerts and speaking at ministry sponsored events, as the ministry continued to raise funds to complete the building of the university. In addition, Roberts travelled and sang in numerous healing meetings with Kathryn Kuhlman from 1973-1975.
Roberts’ world falls apart after his wife (Patti) filed for divorce. In the book Expect a Miracle, Oral Roberts remembered his son coming to his office devastated, explaining what had just happened, asking what was to become of him and his work in the ministry. Oral noted that numerous individuals, including close friends and ministers, advised him to remove Richard from the Ministry, send him overseas for a number of years, and even disown him. After prayer, Oral believed that God was not through with Richard, and he was still to be involved in the ministry.
Roberts remarried and continued traveling, doing concerts, and singing on television. The concerts transformed into a combination of music, preaching and ministry events where Roberts prayed for people and people were testifying they had been healed. In 1982, Roberts held the first of many international crusades, starting with South Africa. According to the ministry website, oralroberts.com, Roberts has ministered in over 40 countries on six different continents including: Russia, India, Brazil, Australia, Niger, and Indonesia.
Roberts continued holding domestic meetings and ministering on television programs. In 1984, Roberts begins a live daily one-hour program called Richard Roberts Live that combined ministry, music, and special guests such as Richard Kiel, known for his role as Jaws in the James Bond movies, and Donna Douglas, best known as Elly May Clampett in the television show The Beverly Hillbillies.
In 1985, Oral Roberts stepped down, and Richard Roberts was elected president of Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association (OREA) by its board of directors. In 1986, Roberts worked with his father and helped found the International Charismatic Bible Ministries to support independent churches and ministries and help expand opportunities for student recruitment for ORU.
In 1987, Roberts was elected as the executive vice president of Oral Roberts University, and was involved in all areas of administration, presiding over the ORU chapel services. During the same time period, Roberts continued daily television, domestic crusades with his father, his own international crusades, and speaking at churches and conferences across the country. In 1992, Oral Roberts announced to the board that he was resigning as president of ORU.
Oral Roberts University
Serving dual roles
On January 27, 1993, the board of regents elected Roberts as the second president of the university. Reports showed the university is in debt as much as $52 million, with tuition and fees not keeping up with expenses. Roberts assembled a team from his executive staff to work with him on resolving the financial problems.
Marketing the university for growth
Roberts pushed the team to increase enrollment, tighten budgets and find additional revenue streams. At the same time, he used his television program to promote the university. He started the Adopt A Student scholarship campaign as one of these efforts, and embarked on other efforts to promote Christian education and increase enrollment. Over the next four years, enrollment increased by 1,200 students and the university's debt shrank by 50 percent Roberts used his ministry connections to help with recruitment, specifically in the African American community. Through his speaking at churches and conferences, he was mainly responsible for the 20% African American student body. ORU receives the Racial Harmony Award from the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities in 2002.
In 1993, Roberts made a number of changes in the athletic program, hiring Bill Self as head basketball coach, changed the school mascot from the Titans to the Golden Eagles, and hired Mike Carter as the new director of athletics.
As president of the university, Roberts began incorporating the university and students as part of the crusade/healing rally team, with students and staff from the School of Nursing and the School of Business joining doctors on outreach missions in West Africa.
Controversy
In October 2007, three former professors filed a lawsuit against Oral Roberts University and named the entire ORU Board of Regents, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association, Roberts, his wife and several university administrators as co-defendants. As a part of the suit, additional allegations were made including: university resources were illegally used by Roberts to help a mayoral candidate's election campaign; Roberts misappropriated university funds for a daughter's trip to the Bahamas; was maintaining a stable of horses at university expense for the exclusive use of his children; used university staff to do his daughters' homework; remodeled his university-owned residence 11 times in 14 years; allowed the university to be billed for damage inflicted by his children to a university-owned golf cart; and personally acquired a Mercedes and a Lexus through ministry donations. Roberts responded by saying, "This lawsuit ...is about intimidation, blackmail and extortion."
A few days later, the suit was amended, alleging the university's financial comptroller had been fired; additionally amended stating "Witnesses have reported voluminous materials and documents were shredded and destroyed, constituting spoliation of evidence." One month later another wrongful termination lawsuit was filed against the university by a former ORU accountant, Trent Huddleston, who was employed for less than one year, claiming he had been ordered to help Roberts and his wife "cook the books" by misclassifying over $120,000 in funds, allegedly spent by the university on remodeling the university home that Roberts lived in.
Resignation
On October 17, 2007 Roberts asked for and was granted an indefinite leave of absence from the school by the university's board of regents, citing the "toll" the lawsuit and attendant allegations have taken on him and his family. In a statement Roberts said, "I don't know how long this leave of absence will last... I pray and believe that in God's timing, and when the Board feels that it is appropriate, I will be back at my post as President." Billy Joe Daugherty of Victory Christian Center was named executive regent of the board of regents and interim president. Chairman of the board of regents George Pearsons noted the temporary resignation was not an admission of guilt.
On November 13, the tenured faculty of Oral Roberts University approved a nonbinding vote of no confidence in Roberts. The vote was nearly unanimous according to a professor in attendance.
Roberts tendered his resignation to the university's board of regents on November 23, 2007, effective immediately. In an emailed statement he said, "I love ORU with all my heart. I love the students, faculty, staff and administration and I want to see God's best for all of them."
On January 14, 2008, the ORU Board of Regents voted unanimously to name Richard Roberts president emeritus in honor of his work during 15 years as president.
Resolution
The Huddleston lawsuit was dismissed, with ORU claiming Huddleston was nothing more than a disgruntled employee. Huddleston's attorney stated there would be an appeal, but this never came to pass.
In a written statement, the university denied "purposely or improperly" destroying documents. Upon review, it was discovered that the shredded documents had nothing to do with any allegations and were a part of normal policy, required by law for the privacy and protection of students and ministry donors.
By October 2008, the original three cases for wrongful discharge had been dismissed or settled.
No evidence regarding the additional allegations made against Roberts or the university was produced. No charges were filed and all other lawsuits were dismissed.
Current
After stepping down as ORU President, Roberts focused on what he calls his "first love", the healing ministry. Roberts moved the ministry from ORU.
On January 24, 2012, the birthday of his deceased father, Roberts was stopped in Tulsa, Oklahoma on U.S. Route 169 going 93 mph in a 65-mph zone in his Mercedes S430. After failing two field sobriety tests, he was arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence and for driving more than 15 miles per hour over the speed limit. He agreed to take a breath test, which measured his blood alcohol content at .11, above the legal limit of .08. On January 30, 2012 Roberts was charged with two misdemeanor counts, including driving under the influence of alcohol. At a May 2012 hearing, Roberts pled guilty to a charge of driving under the influence of alcohol, speeding, receiving 18 months of probation and paying $1,532. He was also ordered to complete 56 hours of community service, undergo a drug and alcohol assessment, and attend DUI classes.
Roberts’ nightly television program continues. Roberts has additional crusades and medical outreaches in Honduras, Guatemala, Kenya, and Ghana. He has also sponsored the construction of a Christian school in Niger and worked with Pete Sumrall of Feed the Hungry. In 2010, Roberts opened the School of Miracles, a free online school.
Bibliography
A Study of the Impact of the Course, "Charismatic Life and the Healing Ministry," on Oral Roberts University Undergraduates. (D.Min, Oral Roberts University, 2002)(ProQuest document ID 305425748)
Are Miracles Real? (Tulsa, Oral Roberts & Richard Roberts, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Assoc, 1996)
Claim Your Inheritance (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Assoc., 2002) OCLC 49848142
Faith to Try Again (Tulsa, Albury Publishing, 1982 )
The Joy of the Lord - How to Get It and Keep It! (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Ministries, 1995)
If You’re Going Through Hell, Don’t Stop (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Assoc., 1998) OCLC 40613311
If You Catch Hell, Don’t Hold It (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Assoc., 1999) OCLC 45089986
The Source, The Seed, The Answer: the Secrets of Seed-Faith (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association, 1997)
Excelling In Life (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Ministries, 1996)
He's a Healing Jesus (Oral Roberts Ministries, 2010)
He's the God of a Second Chance (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association, 1985) OCLC 12415666
The Unlimited Power Within You (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Ministries, 1999)
The Good News Is the Bad News Is Wrong! (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Evangelistic Assoc., 1993) OCLC 55895413
When It Seems All Hope is Gone (Tulsa, Harrison House Publishers, 2003)
When All Hell Breaks Loose...Facing Your Fiery Trials With Faith (Tulsa, Oral Roberts Ministries, 2014)
References
External links
Collection of documents regarding Roberts from the Tulsa World
1948 births
Living people
20th-century evangelicals
21st-century evangelicals
21st-century Native Americans
American evangelicals
American faith healers
American Pentecostal pastors
American television evangelists
Christians from Oklahoma
Oral Roberts University alumni
Pentecostals from Oklahoma
Presidents of Oral Roberts University
Religious scandals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Roberts%20%28evangelist%29 |
Trial of Champions is a single-player roleplaying gamebook, written by Ian Livingstone, illustrated by Brian Williams and originally published in 1986 by Puffin Books. It was later republished by Wizard Books in 2003.
It forms part of Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone's Fighting Fantasy series. It is the 21st in the series in the original Puffin series () and 12th in the modern Wizard series ().
Rules
Story
The story is a sequel to Fighting Fantasy title Deathtrap Dungeon, with the player assuming the role of a slave. The slave is owned by Lord Carnuss, brother of Baron Sukumvit, the designer of the original infamous dungeon.
The player must endure a series of gladiatorial trials to be chosen as Carnuss' champion and then enter a revised "Deathtrap Dungeon", competing against five other warriors for a prize of 20,000 gold pieces. The principal character reappears in a different storyline in the title Armies of Death.
Other media
The gamebook was converted into a 40-page d20 System role-playing adventure by Jamie Wallis. It was published by Myriador in 2004 and reissued in pdf format by Greywood Publishing in 2009.
References
External links
1986 fiction books
Fighting Fantasy gamebooks
Books by Ian Livingstone
Gladiatorial combat in fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial%20of%20Champions |
ThingLab is a visual programming environment implemented in Smalltalk and designed at Xerox PARC by Alan Borning.
A conventional system allows a user to provide inputs that produce outputs. A constraint-oriented system, such as ThingLab, allows the user to provide arbitrary inputs or outputs, then solves for whatever is unknown. ThingLab is viewed as one of the earliest constraint-oriented systems.
ThingLab is credited in "Fumbling the Future" as a big reason Xerox continued to fund computer development.
External links
ThingLab Sources
Visual programming languages
Integrated development environments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThingLab |
The New Barbarians (; also known as Warriors of the Wasteland) is a 1983 Italian post-apocalyptic action film directed by Enzo G. Castellari, written by Castellari and Tito Carpi, and starring Giancarlo Prete and George Eastman. The plot takes place in 2019, following a nuclear holocaust, where two loners among the remains of the starving human race protect a group of pilgrims from a vicious gang bent on genocide.
Plot
In the year 2019, after a nuclear war, humanity is reduced to a few starving groups. A ruthless gang called "The Templars" constantly raid settlers in an attempt to exterminate everyone in order to purge the Earth. A former Templar, Scorpion, along with his allies, prevents a small band of religious colonists from being massacred by the Templars.
Cast
Giancarlo Prete (as Timothy Brent) as Scorpion
Fred Williamson as Nadir
George Eastman as One
Anna Kanakis as Alma
Ennio Girolami (as Thomas Moore) as Shadow
Venantino Venantini as Father Moses
Massimo Vanni as Mako
Giovanni Frezza as Young Mechanic
Iris Peynado as Vinya
Andrea Coppola as Mako's Friend
Zora Kerova as Moses' Woman
Production
The New Barbarians was shot outside of Rome in late 1982. When discussing 1990: The Bronx Warriors, The New Barbarians and Escape from the Bronx, Castellari stated the three films were written, prepared and filmed in six months.
For the stunts in the film, Castellari stated that he filmed each scene at three different speeds: 24fps, 55 and 96. Castellari stated that this allowed him to "edit the whole sequence in a more interesting way. It gives much more impact to the entire stunt and it actually looks much more impressive and powerful than it actually is."
Release
The New Barbarians was released in Italy on 7 April 1983. It was released in the United States in January 1984 under the title of Warriors of the Wasteland. It was distributed by New Line Cinema.
Reception
Castellari had positive recollections of making the film, stating that it "was an extremely cheap movie. The budget was incredibly small but I'm quite proud that I succeeded in making a movie shot on the outskirts of Rome." Variety found the film derivative of Mad Max 2 as well as having elements of Hal Needham's Megaforce and other films. Variety felt that Casterllari made a mistake in using slow motion opposed to George Miller's exciting high-speed action scenes, finding that the films car chases "look to be occurring at 25 mph". In Phil Hardy's book Science Fiction (1984), a review found the film to be too derivative of Mad Max 2. The Monthly Film Bulletin described the film as a "shamelessly watered-down, warmed-over" version of Mad Max 2.
In a retrospective review, AllMovie awarded the film two stars out of five, found that the film captures "the true spirit of the low budget rip-off flicks from early 80's, The New Barbarians is neither smart nor original, but a riot for anyone who gets off on Mad Max and all of its the junky followers."
References
Bibliography
External links
1983 films
1980s Italian-language films
Films directed by Enzo G. Castellari
1980s science fiction action films
Italian science fiction action films
Films set in 2019
Films set in the future
Italian post-apocalyptic films
Films scored by Claudio Simonetti
1980s exploitation films
Italian films about revenge
Rape and revenge films
New Line Cinema films
1980s Italian films
Films set in the 21st century
Films set in the 2010s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20New%20Barbarians |
The Devětsil () was an association of Czech avant-garde artists, founded in 1920 in Prague. From 1923 on there was also an active group in Brno. The movement discontinued its activities in 1930 (1927 in Brno).
Founded as U. S. Devětsil (Umělecký Svaz Devětsil - Devětsil Artistic Federation), its name was changed several times. From 1925, it was called the Svaz moderní kultury Devětsil (the Devětsil Union of Modern Culture).
The artistic output of its members was varied, but typically focused on magic realism, proletkult, and, beginning in 1923, Poetism, an artistic program formulated by Vítězslav Nezval and Karel Teige.
The group was very active in organizing the Czech art scene of the period. Members published several art magazines - ReD (Revue Devětsilu), Disk and Pásmo, as well as occasional anthologies (most importantly Devětsil and Život) and organized several exhibitions.
For the most part, Devětsil artists produced poetry and illustration, but they also made contributions to many other art forms, including sculpture, film and even calligraphy.
For about two years Devětsil functioned without any particular theoretical grounding, but as the members changed and those that remained developed and modified their style, it was decided, particularly by Karel Teige, that they begin formulating theories behind their activity. Most of these theories were to be spread through manifestos published by the group. Like any good theorist, Teige was always ready to change his ideas and sometimes moved from one aesthetic to an opposite one. The group formulated a movement that they called Poetism. The long echoed cry, “make it new,” was vital to the Poetists way of thinking. The Devětsil members were surrounded by the new in science, architecture and industry. Even their country was new. In order for art to survive, or at least in order to be worthwhile, it had to constantly be ahead of other changes in life. The Poetists advocated the law of antagonism. This law explains historical progress as reliant on discontinuity. New types and styles of art are continuously necessary for development and vital to these changes are conditions of contradiction. The first manifesto of Devětsil urged new artists to look deeper into ordinary objects for poetic quality. Skyscrapers, airplanes, mimes, and poster lettering were the new arts. Inspired by the Berlin Dadaists, Seifert claimed “art is dead.” Following him, Teige remarked, “the most beautiful paintings in existence today are the ones which were not painted by anyone.”
Between 1923 and 1925, the picture poem was a popular form among the Devětsil artists. Typography and optical poetry was the new lexical standard. Teige explained this transformation of language into visual art as relating to the rise of photography, film and new developments in book printing. For several members of Devětsil, the picture poem replaced painting and eventually both pictures and poems made their way from the page to film. Teige and Seifert began writing film scripts and using the dissolve technique as a way of poetically morphing objects into other objects.
Significant members
Founders:
Karel Teige
Jaroslav Seifert
Vladislav Vančura
Adolf Hoffmeister
Most influential members:
Karel Teige
Vítězslav Nezval
Jaroslav Seifert
Poets:
Konstantin Biebl
František Halas
Jindřich Hořejší
Jiří Wolker
Architects:
Jaroslav Fragner
Jan Gillar
Josef Havlíček
Karel Honzík
Josef Chochol
Jaromír Krejcar
Evžen Linhart
Pavel Smetana
Actors:
Jiří Voskovec
Jan Werich
Musicians:
Jaroslav Ježek
Directors:
Jiří Frejka
Emil František Burian
Jindřich Honzl
Writers:
Karel Konrád
Vladislav Vančura
Julius Fučík
Painters:
Adolf Hoffmeister
Otakar Mrkvička
František Muzika
Jindřich Štyrský
Toyen
Photographer:
Jaroslav Rössler
Dancers:
Milča Mayerová
Míra Holzbachová
Teoretics:
Karel Teige
Jiří Frejka
Bedřich Václavek
See also
Left Front
Czechoslovak New Wave
Devetsil 1920-1931, exhibition catalogue, Prague City Gallery, 2019.
References
External links
Poetism in Book Design from Czech Book Covers of the 1920s and 1930s in the Cooper-Hewitt national Design Museum Library (2004) Steven H. VanDyk
Czech artist groups and collectives
Czech poetry
1920 establishments in Czechoslovakia
1930 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia
Arts organizations established in 1920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dev%C4%9Btsil |
A basterna was a kind of vehicle, or litter, in which Ancient Roman women were carried. It appears to have resembled the lectica; and the only difference apparently was, that the lectica was carried on the shoulders of slaves, and the basterna by two mules, according to Isaac Casaubon. Several etymologies of the word have been proposed. Salmasius proposes it to be derived from the Greek (Salm. ad Lamprid. Heliog. 21).
Cassius Dio links it to the people known as the Bastarnae, living in what is now southern Ukraine.. A description of a basterna is given by a poet in the Anth. Lat. iii. 183.
Others call it a kind of chariot, and say it was drawn by oxen to go more gently. Gregory de Tours gives an instance of it being carried by wild bulls.
The interior was called cavea, 'cage'; and it had soft cushions or beds. The mode of basterna's passed from Italy into Gaul, and then into other countries. Modern coach or stagecoach transportation has its origins in the basterna.
References
Smith, William. "Basterna". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. John Murray: London. 1875.
Carts
Ancient Roman vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basterna |
Bicentennial Man is a 1999 American science fiction comedy-drama film starring Robin Williams, Sam Neill, Embeth Davidtz (in a dual role), Wendy Crewson, and Oliver Platt. Based on the 1992 novel The Positronic Man by Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg (which is itself based on Asimov's original 1976 novelette "The Bicentennial Man"), the plot explores issues of humanity, slavery, prejudice, maturity, intellectual freedom, conformity, sex, love, mortality, and immortality. The film, a co-production between Touchstone Pictures and Columbia Pictures, was directed by Chris Columbus. The title comes from the main character existing to the age of two hundred years.
Bicentennial Man was released by Buena Vista Pictures in the United States on December 17, 1999, received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, and was a box office bomb, grossing only $87.4 million against a $90–100 million budget. It was the last work of production designer Norman Reynolds before his death in 2023.
Makeup artist Greg Cannom was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Makeup at the 72nd Academy Awards. The theme song of the film, "Then You Look at Me", was written by James Horner and Will Jennings and sung by Celine Dion.
Plot
On April 3, 2005, the NDR series robot "Andrew" is introduced into the Martin family home to perform housekeeping and maintenance duties and introduces himself by showing a presentation of the Three Laws of Robotics. The eldest daughter Grace despises Andrew, but her younger sister Amanda is sympathetic to him, and Andrew discovers he feels emotions, and is drawn to spend more time with his "Little Miss". He accidentally breaks one of her glass figurines and is able to carve a new one out of wood, which surprises her father Richard. He takes Andrew to NorthAm Robotics to inquire if Andrew's creativity was part of his programming. NorthAm's CEO Dennis Mansky claims this is a problem and offers to scrap Andrew, but instead Richard takes Andrew back home and encourages him to continue his creativity and explore other humanities. Andrew becomes a clockmaker and earns a sizable fortune managed by Richard after they find that robots have no rights under current laws.
Time passes, and Richard encourages Dennis to retrofit Andrew with the ability to present facial expressions to match his emotions. About two decades after being awoken, Andrew presents Richard with all the money he has made to ask for his freedom. Wounded by this, Richard refuses to accept it but does grant Andrew his independence, on the condition he may no longer reside at the Martin home. Andrew builds his own home by the beach. In 2048, Richard is on his death bed, and apologizes to Andrew for banishing him before he dies.
Following Richard's death, Andrew goes on a quest to find other NDR robots that are like him, frequently communicating back to Amanda, who has since married and divorced, and has a son Lloyd and granddaughter Portia. In 2068, during his quest, Andrew discovers Galatea, an NDR robot that has been modified with female personality and traits. Andrew becomes interested in how Galatea was modified by Rupert Burns, the son of the original NDR designer, and finds he has a number of potential ideas to help make robots appear more human-like. Andrew agrees to fund Rupert's work and to be a test subject and is soon given a human-like appearance. Andrew finally returns to the Martin home in 2088 and finds that Amanda has grown old while Portia looks much like her grandmother at her age. Portia is initially cautious of Andrew, but soon accepts him as part of the Martin family.
When Amanda dies, Andrew realises that all those he cares for will also pass on. He presents ideas to Rupert to create artificial organs that not only can be used in humans to prolong their lives but also to replace Andrew's mechanical workings. Andrew gains the ability to eat, feel emotions and sensations, and even have sexual relationships, resulting in him and Portia falling in love. Andrew petitions the World Congress to recognize him as a human as to allow him to marry Portia, but the body expresses concern that an immortal human will cause jealousy from others. Andrew returns to Rupert for one last operation: to change the artificial fluids driving his body into a blood equivalent. Rupert cautions him that the blood will not last forever, causing his body to age and will die eventually, a fate Andrew accepts. Several decades afterwards, Andrew again approaches the World Congress, with Portia as support, to appeal their past decision, wanting to be able to die with dignity.
On April 2, 2205, with Andrew's body deteriorating, he and Portia are both under life support monitored by Galatea, now with a human appearance. They hold hands and watch the World Congress as they recognize Andrew as a human being, the world's oldest at 200 years, and giving all rights confirmed by that, including validating his marriage to Portia. Andrew dies during the broadcast, which is confirmed by Galatea while Portia asserts that Andrew already knew the answer. After ordering Galatea to turn off her life support, Portia soon dies, hand-in-hand with Andrew as she whispers to him "See you soon".
Cast
Robin Williams as Andrew Martin, an NDR android servant of the Martin family that seeks to become human. Before Williams was cast, Tim Allen was considered for the role of Andrew Martin, but turned it down due to his commitment on Galaxy Quest.
Sam Neill as Richard "Sir" Martin, the patriarch of the Martin family.
Embeth Davidtz as Amanda "Little Miss" Martin (adult) and Portia Charney; Amanda is a friend of Andrew, the mother of Lloyd and grandmother of Portia while Portia is the daughter of Lloyd, the granddaughter of Amanda and significant other of Andrew.
Hallie Eisenberg as Amanda "Little Miss" Martin (age 7), the younger daughter of the Martin family.
Wendy Crewson as Rachel "Ma'am" Martin, the matriarch of the Martin family.
Oliver Platt as Rupert Burns, the son of the NDR creator that makes androids look more human-like.
Kiersten Warren as Galatea, the NDR android servant of Rupert and later a servant of the Martin family.
Stephen Root as Dennis Mansky
Angela Landis as Grace "Miss" Martin (adult), the spoiled older brat daughter of the Martin family.
Lindze Letherman as Grace "Miss" Martin (age 9)
Bradley Whitford as Lloyd Charney (adult), Amanda's brat son.
Igor Hiller as Lloyd Charney (age 10)
John Michael Higgins as Bill Feingold — Martin Family Attorney
George D. Wallace as the President/Speaker of the World Congress
Lynne Thigpen as Marjorie Bota, a later President/Speaker of the World Congress
Jay Johnston as Charles
Production
Walt Disney Studios was concerned about the cost of the film, estimated to be over $100 million, and even though pre-production was underway and sets were already being built they pulled the plug and halted production. Disney chairman Joe Roth came to an agreement with Sony Pictures Entertainment Chairman John Calley, to co-finance the film and agreed to split distribution responsibilities for the film between Touchstone Pictures in North America and Columbia Pictures internationally.
Williams confirmed in a Las Vegas Sun interview that his character was not played by a body double and that he had actually worn the robot costume.
Various scenes were shot inside San Francisco City Hall, including the ball scene. The city charged Disney from $5,000 to $20,000 per day, depending on the particular location used for filming. The heat from two 10,000-watt spotlights triggered the fire sprinkler system and which resulted in flooding which caused water damage. Renovations had only recently been completed after a previous flooding incident. Filming was only interrupted for a few hours, but water damage to the ceilings, carpets, and limestone was significant.
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 36% based on 97 reviews, with an average rating of 4.78/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Bicentennial Man is ruined by a bad script and ends up being dull and mawkish". On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 42 out of 100, based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating "mixed reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.
Roger Ebert gave it two out of four stars: "Bicentennial Man begins with promise, proceeds in fits and starts, and finally sinks into a cornball drone of greeting-card sentiment. Robin Williams spends the first half of the film encased in a metallic robot suit, and when he emerges, the script turns robotic instead. What a letdown". William Arnold of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer said: "[The film] becomes a somber, sentimental and rather profound romantic fantasy that is more true to the spirit of the Golden Age of science-fiction writing than possibly any other movie of the '90s".
Todd McCarthy of Variety summed it up as "an ambitious tale handled in a dawdling, sentimental way".
Accolades
Academy Awards — Best Makeup (lost to Topsy-Turvy)
Blockbuster Entertainment Award — Favorite Actor — Comedy (Robin Williams) (lost to Adam Sandler in Big Daddy)
Blockbuster Entertainment Award — Favorite Actress — Comedy (Embeth Davidtz) (lost to Drew Barrymore in Never Been Kissed)
Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Award — Best Character Makeup — Feature (lost to Sleepy Hollow)
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards — Favorite Movie Actor (Robin Williams) (lost to Adam Sandler in Big Daddy)
Razzie Award — Worst Actor (Robin Williams) (lost to Adam Sandler in Big Daddy)
Seiun Award — Best Dramatic Presentation (lost to Kōkidō Gensō Gunparade March)
YoungStar Award — Best Young Actress/Performance in a Motion Picture Comedy (Hallie Kate Eisenberg) (lost to Natalie Portman in Where the Heart Is)
References
External links
Bicentennial Man at D23.com
1492 Pictures films
1999 films
1990s science fiction comedy-drama films
1999 science fiction films
1999 comedy films
1999 drama films
American robot films
American science fiction comedy-drama films
Android (robot) films
Films about artificial intelligence
Columbia Pictures films
1990s English-language films
Films based on science fiction novels
Films directed by Chris Columbus
Films set in 2005
Films set in 2048
Films set in the 21st century
Films set in the 22nd century
Films set in the 23rd century
Films set in the future
Films set in the San Francisco Bay Area
Films set in Washington, D.C.
Films scored by James Horner
Films based on adaptations
Films produced by Chris Columbus
Films produced by Michael Barnathan
Films produced by Gail Katz
Films produced by Laurence Mark
Films based on works by Isaac Asimov
Medical-themed films
Touchstone Pictures films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicentennial%20Man%20%28film%29 |
Alsager railway station serves the town of Alsager in Cheshire, England. It stands next to a level crossing and is approximately 600 yards from the town centre. The station is east of on the Crewe to Derby Line which is also a Community rail line known as the North Staffordshire line. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway.
The station is unstaffed. The full range of tickets for travel are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost.
History
It was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway company on 9 October 1848; later becoming part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.
When sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Regional Railways until the privatisation of British Rail.
The line through Alsager was electrified in 2003, so that it could be used as a diversionary route between Kidsgrove and Crewe during West Coast Main Line improvement work.
Services
Services at Alsager are operated by East Midlands Railway using Class 158 and Class 170 DMUs and by London Northwestern Railway using Class 350 EMUs.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
1 tph to
1 tph to via and
2 tph to
On Sundays, there is an hourly service between Crewe and Birmingham throughout the day. Hourly Sunday services operate between Crewe and Derby after 14:00 only.
References
Notes
Sources
Station on navigable O.S. map
External links
Pictures of the station during diversions
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F1 stations
Former North Staffordshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
Railway stations served by West Midlands Trains | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsager%20railway%20station |
Peter Wollen (29 June 1938 – 17 December 2019) was a film theorist and filmmaker. He studied English at Christ Church, Oxford. Both political journalist and film theorist, Wollen's Signs and Meaning in the Cinema (1969) helped to transform the discipline of film studies by incorporating the methodology of structuralism and semiotics. He taught film at a number of universities and was Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles at the time of his retirement from academe in 2005.
Life
Wollen was born on June 29, 1938, in Woodford, northeast London, to Douglas and Winifred (Waterman) Wollen. Douglas was a Methodist minister and Winifred was a teacher. Peter attended a Methodist boarding school, Kingswood School, in Bath, Somerset, England.
In 1959, Wollen graduated from the University of Oxford with a degree in English literature.
In 1968, Wollen married noted film theorist and his partner in filmmaking, Laura Mulvey. They divorced in 1993 and soon afterward he wed writer and artist, Leslie Dick. He had a son from his first marriage and a daughter from his second.
Wollen died of Alzheimer's disease on December 17, 2019, from which he had suffered for many years.
Academic career
By the mid-1960s, Wollen was writing for journals such as the New Left Review under the pseudonym of Lee Russell. Through a bit of self-reflexivity, Wollen interviewed himself as Lee Russell in 1997.
Wollen joined the British Film Institute's education department in the late 1960s, at the behest of its director, Paddy Whannel, who had been impressed by his work. Wollen explained, "One of the basic goals of the education department was to support anyone who wanted to teach film in schools or universities. And one way to support them was by publishing books which they could use in class." Subsequently, the BFI created a series of film books titled, "Cinema One," and Signs and Meaning in the Cinema was the ninth book released under that banner.
Signs and Meaning in the Cinema'''s initial publication in 1969 was followed by a revised edition, with a new appendix, just three years later. It quickly gained traction in the burgeoning film-studies world of the 1970s. In 1976, Robin Wood contended, "Peter Wollen's Signs and Meaning in the Cinema is probably the most influential book on film in English of the past decade." And the book has continued to wield influence decades later—having been released in a fifth, "silver" edition in 2013. In a Sight & Sound poll in 2010, Signs and Meaning repeatedly cropped up—leading critic Nick Roddick to exclaim, "If there is one book to rule them all, it is Peter Wollen's Signs and Meaning in the Cinema. The revised and enlarged edition of 1972 is the most concise, lucid and inspiring introduction to thinking about film ever written."
Filmography
Wollen's first film credit was as cowriter of Michelangelo Antonioni's The Passenger in 1975. He made his debut as a director with Penthesilea: Queen of the Amazons (1974), the first of six films cowritten and co-directed with his wife, Laura Mulvey. The low-budget Penthesilea portrayed women's language and mythology as silenced by patriarchal structures. Acknowledging the influence of Jean-Luc Godard's Le Gai savoir (France, 1969), Wollen intended the film to fuse avant-garde and radically political elements. The resulting work is innovative in the context of British cinema history, although its relentlessly didactic approach did not make for mass appeal.
For Riddles of the Sphinx (1977), Wollen and Mulvey obtained a BFI Production Board grant, which enabled them to work with greater technical resources, rewriting the Oedipal myth from a female standpoint.
The deliberately ahistorical AMY! (1980), commemorating Amy Johnson's solo flight from Britain to Australia, synthesises themes previously covered by Wollen and Mulvey. In Crystal Gazing (1982) formal experimentation is muted and narrative concerns emphasised. Frida Kahlo and Tina Modotti (1982), a short film tied to an international art exhibition curated by Wollen, and The Bad Sister (1982), a drama based on a novel by Emma Tennant, were the final projects on which Wollen and Mulvey collaborated.
Wollen's only solo feature, Friendship's Death (1987), starring Bill Paterson and Tilda Swinton, is the story of the relationship between a British war correspondent and a female extraterrestrial robot on a peace mission to Earth, who, missing her intended destination of MIT, inadvertently lands in Amman, Jordan during the events of Black September 1970.
Popular culture
The Sydney University Film Group and WEA Film Study Group used Wollen's Signs and Meaning in the Cinema for the basis of a season of film screenings talks and discussions on the ideas in the book in September and October 1969.
Bibliography
Raiding the Icebox: Reflections on Twentieth-Century Culture, by Peter Wollen. New Edition, Verso Books, 2008
Electronic Shadows: The Art of Tina Keane, by Peter Wollen, Jean Fisher, and Richard Dyer. Black Dog Publishing, 2005.
Paris / Manhattan: Writings on Art, by Peter Wollen. Verso Books, 2004.
"Edward Hopper", by Peter Wollen, Sheena Wagstaff, David Anfam, Brian O'Doherty & Margaret Iversen. Tate Publishing, 2004.
Autopia: Cars and Culture, Edited by Peter Wollen and Joe Kerr. Reaktion Books, 2003.
Paris Hollywood: Writings on Film, by Peter Wollen. Verso Books, 2002.
"Victor Burgin", by Peter Wollen & Francette Pacteau. Fundacio Antoni Tàpies, 2001
"Subject Plural: Crowds in Contemporary Art" by Peter Wollen, Marti Mayo & Paola Morsiani. Contemporary Arts Museum, 2001
Making Time: Considering Time as a Material in Contemporary Video and Film, by Amy Cappellazzo, Peter Wollen, and Adriano Pedrosa. Distributed Art Publishers, 2000.
Addressing the Century: 100 Years of Art and Fashion, by Peter Wollen. University of California Press, 1999.
Visual Display: Culture Beyond Appearances, Edited by Lynne Cooke and Peter Wollen. The New Press, 1999.
Who is Andy Warhol? by Colin MacCabe, Mark Francis, and Peter Wollen. British Film Institute, 1998.
Scene of the Crime, edited by Ralph Rugoff, by Anthony Vidler, and Peter Wollen. MIT Press 1997.
Signs and Meaning in the Cinema, by Peter Wollen, expanded and revised edition. London: British Film Institute, 1998.
Howard Hawks, American Artist, edited by Peter Wollen & Jim Hillier. British Film Institute, 1996
Raiding the Icebox: Reflections on Twentieth-Century Culture, by Peter Wollen. Indiana University Press, 1993
Singin' in the Rain, by Peter Wollen. British Film Institute 1993.
"Black and White: Dress from the 1920s to Today" by Peter Wollen, Claudia Gould, Anne Hollander, Lucy R Sibley, Kathryn A Jakes & Sophie Anargyros. Wexner Center for the Arts, 1992.
"On the Passage of a Few People Through a Rather Brief Moment in Time: The Situationist International 1957–1972", by Peter Wollen. MIT Press, 1989
"Addressing The Century", by Peter Wollen. Hayward Gallery, 1998.
"Komar and Melamid", by Peter Wollen & Mark Francis. The Fruitmarket Gallery, 1985.
"Frida Kahlo and Tina Modotti", by Peter Wollen & Laura Mulvey. Whitechapel Gallery, 1982
"Chris Welsby: Films, Photographs, Writings", edited by Peter Wollen. Arts Council of Great Britain, 1981
Signs and Meaning in the Cinema, by Peter Wollen. London: Secker and Warburg, 1969–1972. Fifth edition released in 2013.
"Working papers on the cinema: sociology and semiology", edited by Peter Wollen. BFI Education Dept. 1969
Samuel Fuller, edited by David Will & Peter Wollen, Edinburgh, 1969
"Orson Welles – Study Unit No. 9", edited by Peter Wollen. BFI Education Dept. 1969
Interviews
Field, Simon, "Two Weeks on Another Planet", Monthly Film Bulletin 646, 1987, pp. 324–6
Friedman, Lester D., "Interview with Peter Wollen and Laura Mulvey on Riddles of the Sphinx", Millennium Film Journal 4/5, 1979, pp. 14–32
Mulvey, Laura and Wollen, Peter, "Written Discussion", After Image, July 1976, pp. 31–9
Further reading
Also published at pp. 467–488 of book Tom McDonough (2004) (Editor) Guy Debord and the Situationist International: Texts and Documents''. The MIT Press (1 April 2004) 514 pages
References
External links
UCLA Strobe Website
New Left Review Website'
1938 births
2019 deaths
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
British experimental filmmakers
Film theorists
UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Wollen |
Francesco "Ciccio" Tavano (born 2 March 1979) is an Italian football coach and former striker. He is currently in charge as head coach of Eccellenza amateurs Tuttocuoio.
Playing career
Tavano started his professional career with Pisa, before being sold to minor Florence team Rondinella, then in Serie C2. He then joined Empoli, where he slowly established himself as one of the stars of the small Tuscan team. During the January 2006 transfer window, several Italian football pundits claimed that Real Madrid were interested in signing Tavano, but he eventually signed for Valencia in mid-2006, for €9 million. He received a call-up from the Italy national team in April 2006, when manager Marcello Lippi held trials for the 23-man squad that would go on to win the 2006 FIFA World Cup, but he never made his international debut.
His time in Spain, however, proved to be unsuccessful, as he fell out with coaching staff after making statements in the press which led to him being a sub player for the majority of his short stay in Spain. Tavano then returned to Italy for a loan spell with Roma, where he mostly served as a reserve player for the main giallorossi strikers, although he was able to win the 2006–07 Coppa Italia with the club.
In 2007, he was permanently signed by Livorno, for a reported €5.5 million on a four-year contract. He received the number 10 jersey, previously retired in honour of Igor Protti and unretired that year under explicit request from the former amaranto star. Despite being the club top scorer in his comeback season in Tuscany, his side did not manage to escape from relegation. Tavano agreed to stay at Livorno also in their 2008–09 Serie B campaign in order to try to lead his team back into the top flight.
He scored a hat-trick against Avellino on the opening day of the season, making it the first round 1 hat-trick since 1994. He would then score at Piacenza, before standing back to back with a teammate in celebration. He missed a penalty against his former club Empoli with the score tied at 1–1, before Antonio Busce scored Empoli's winner. Tavano would, however, get a goal in the 5–2 win over Frosinone, on the way to 25 for the season, giving him the capocannoniere title, and ensuring promotion through the playoffs after missing out on automatic promotion to Bari and Parma. However, he had a hard season in Serie A, as Livorno were the only newly promoted team to go down. He scored the winner at Roma, but only scored four more goals.
He retired in 2022 after starting the season with Eccellenza Tuscany amateurs Tuttocuoio, at the age of 43.
Coaching career
On 15 November 2022, Tavano took on his first head coaching role, in charge of Eccellenza Tuscany club Tuttocuoio, for which he was playing before, therefore forcing him to quit his playing career as a consequence.
Honours
Roma
Coppa Italia: 2006–07
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
People from Caserta
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
La Liga players
Empoli FC players
US Avellino 1912 players
Valencia CF players
AS Roma players
US Livorno 1915 players
Carrarese Calcio players
Pisa SC players
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Footballers from the Province of Caserta
Italian football managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Tavano |
Gaston Péloquin (11 December 1939 – 1 September 1994) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Brome—Missisquoi in the House of Commons from 1993 to 1994.
He was born in Granby, Quebec. Péloquin, who was a teacher before entering politics, was elected in the 1993 election as a Bloc Québécois candidate. However, after less than a year in office, he died in a car accident on 1 September 1994, when he crashed his car while driving on a curve near Sutton, Quebec. He was pronounced dead a local hospital, at the age of 54.
Péloquin had a son, whom he adopted from Haiti while working there as a teacher.
In the resulting byelection, he was succeeded by Denis Paradis.
Electoral record
References
External links
1939 births
1994 deaths
20th-century Canadian educators
20th-century Canadian legislators
Accidental deaths in Quebec
Bloc Québécois MPs
Canadian expatriates in Haiti
Canadian schoolteachers
French Quebecers
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
People from Granby, Quebec
Road incident deaths in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston%20P%C3%A9loquin |
Bibi Bulak (Tetum: Crazy Goat) was a drama and music troupe based in East Timor. They were an outgrowth of the Timorese art school Arte Moris and shared facilities with them in Dili.
Founded in 2000 by US-born activist Yohan York, the group toured East Timor performing original dramas exclusively in the indigenous Tetum language.
Their body of work ultimately included theater, film, radio and television dramas, PSAs, circus, dance, writing, and music, many with social justice themes relevant in East Timor at the time such as reproductive health, HIV prevention, and domestic violence. The troupe also functioned as a school to teach arts to Timorese youth.
As of 2012, the website was no longer functioning.
References
External links
Arte Moris website with info on Bibi Bulak
Education in East Timor
East Timorese culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibi%20Bulak |
The Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on 8 August 1570 by Charles IX of France, Gaspard II de Coligny and Jeanne d'Albret, and ended the 1568 to 1570 Third Civil War, part of the French Wars of Religion.
The Peace went much further than the March 1568 Peace of Longjumeau by establishing specific rights and responsibilities for French Protestants, generally known as Huguenots. Freedom of worship was permitted in two towns per gouvernment, while the Huguenots were allowed to maintain armed garrisons in four surety towns for a period of two years, after which they had to be returned to Royal control. However, the civil war resumed in 1572 after the targeted assassination of Huguenot leaders assembled in Paris, spiralled into the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
The Third Civil War
Following the outbreak of civil war in 1568, the Huguenots under Coligny and Condé opted to defend the south-west by fortifying towns such as Angoulême and Cognac. As they moved south in March 1569, their rear guard was trapped by the Royalists at Jarnac, with Condé cut down after surrendering. However, the bulk of the Huguenot army reached Cognac, with Coligny assuming leadership on behalf of Henry of Navarre and Condé's son Henri.
At Châlus on 11 June, Coligny joined up with 14,000 German mercenaries financed by Elizabeth I of England, originally led by the Duke of Zweibrücken who died shortly before their meeting. This combined army of 25,000 defeated a slightly larger Royalist force at La Roche-l'Abeille on 25th. They then laid siege to Poitiers, which was held by Henry I, Duke of Guise; it was still resisting when the main Royal army under Tavannes invested the nearby Huguenot town of Châtellerault.
Forced to withdraw from Poitiers, on 3 October Coligny was heavily defeated at the Battle of Moncontour, but although his army incurred heavy casualties, the remnants were able to retreat in good order. Rather than pursuing Coligny, Tavannes moved onto Saint-Jean-d'Angély, whose possession would enable him to break the Huguenot hold on Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Although the town surrendered on 2 December, the Royalists lost thousands of men to disease or hunger, while many of its Swiss and German mercenaries mutinied after not being paid.
Coligny and his remaining troops had moved into Languedoc, where he linked up with 4,000 men led by Montgomery. After an unsuccessful siege of Toulouse in January 1570, their combined force marched north through the Rhone valley towards Paris and reached Montbrison in May. Learning that a Royalist force under Brissac was advancing on the nearby Huguenot stronghold of La Charité, Coligny intercepted and defeated him at Arnay le Duc on 25 June 1570. With Paris under threat, the state bankrupt and the Royal army in ruins, this gave him a strong position to negotiate with Charles IX of France.
Negotiations
Early doubts
No sooner had the war begun than moderate Politique voices on the royal council advocated for a return to status quo ante bellum. The bishop Jean de Monluc as early as 2 December 1568 argued for a restoration of the edict of Longjumeau, and the provision of a governorship to Condé, Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron likewise refused to serve in a war he felt was unjust. Hôpital too advocated for such a settlement, however he had been marginalised from the government by the beginning of the war, and had lost his seals to the chancellorship. The financial difficulties that had forced the crown to conclude the peace of Longjumeau the prior year also played upon the king, who considered in January the possibility of a temporary truce until proper funding for the armies and mercenaries could be arranged.
Jarnac to Poitiers
When the disintegration of the Protestant army did not follow the battle of Jarnac as expected the crown's army began to fall apart itself in the summer, mutinous for lack of pay and suffering from disease. This motivated more serious outreaches of peace, and Catherine broached the idea of a marriage between Margaret of Valois-Angoulême and Henry IV of France to seal away the civil war, whilst the Huguenot army was encamped outside of Poitiers. Coligny was likewise interested in peace at this time, and advocated for full freedom of religion, and the declaration of a war against Spain to take advantage of the situation in the Netherlands. The king rebuffed these attempts, offering amnesty to the leadership if they laid down their arms.
Moncontour to Saint-Jean-de-Angély
With the crushing victory at Moncontour the crown again hoped it represented the end of Huguenot resistance. Tavannes and Cossé wanted to use the opportunity to establish a peace, however the crown pressed on with its attempts on Saint-Jean-d'Angély, hoping for a final victory. The baron de Castlenau offered to negotiate favourable terms for Navarre and the Huguenot subjects, provided they throw down their arms and petition the crown as loyal subjects. Meanwhile, as the siege stretched on with no victory in sight, the moderates on the council again petitioned for peace on 24 November. Charles was more open to the idea than he had been a month ago, with the loss of Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Montluc who had been fighting Jeanne d'Albret in the south, the ravaging of the royal army outside Saint-Jean-de-Angély by disease and famine and the comparative growing strength of the Protestant viscounts in Languedoc. Resultingly he sent Cossé and de Losses to negotiate, their delegation meeting with d'Albret and Rochefoucault. The Huguenot nobility, largely tired of war was eager to accept, but on certain conditions. The nobility deputised Teligny to seek assurances from the king and negotiate a full liberty of conscience, restitution of property and office and a rescinding of sentences against the Huguenot leadership (Coligny had forfeited his title and been sentenced to death by the Parliament of Paris.) These terms had been agreed upon by the Princes and approved by Jeanne d'Albret. Albret meanwhile wrote to Catherine, announcing she would rather die than compromise on the issue of public worship.
Toulouse to Arnay-le-Duc
For the moment however the crown felt its position was strong enough to reject such terms, and negotiations ceased until February. A new attempt was made by the Huguenots to push for their terms in February 1570, with La Noue, de Teligny, Bricquemault negotiating for the Huguenots, and the moderates Biron and de Mesmes for the crown. Conscious of the difficult international situation these more serious attempts put her in Catherine wrote to Philip in Madrid, explaining the extreme circumstances that necessitated negotiation with heretics. Charles went further in his letters to the Spanish court, describing the kingdom as being practically in ruin, and negotiation necessary to maintain France as a state. Regardless the crown rebuffed the Huguenots again over their demands regarding worship. In March the Huguenot Princes met at Montreuil to reaffirm their commitment to free exercise of religion being a pre-requisite to peace negotiation.
Biron would plead with the king in March, arguing there was no harm in listening to the demands of the Huguenots. The king relented, and in April talks resumed to tackle the gaps between the sides on matters of surety towns, payments of Coligny's reiters and free exercise of religion. Teligny was instructed not to meet the crown's negotiators in the presence of Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine who was considered by the Huguenot camp to be the head of the most reactionary elements of the Catholic camp. Whilst Teligny would meet king Charles, and Biron would meet Coligny, consensus could still not be reached on the sticking point issues. Rumours in May that Henri de Navarre desired to run away from the rebel camp to court enlivened the interest of Charles in a royal marriage proposal to draw him away, which would extinguish a key source of legitimacy for the rebel forces enabling far more stringent negotiations. For now though the marriage proposal came to nought.
In July Cossé warned the king that the crown's army was on the cusp of disintegration unless peace was signed shortly. Coligny, who had grown weary of the war was also in a mood to compromise on the red lines the Huguenots had drawn regarding exercise of religion, and the leadership of the Huguenots agreed to accept public worship on the lines of the Edict of Saint-Germain. Resultingly the Huguenots offered to accede to worship in 3 towns per gouvernment, amnesty for past actions and the restoration of property. The crown countered with an offer of 2 towns and also insisted on an exclusion zone around Paris in which worship would be prohibited, but offered worship in all cities currently held by the Huguenots to sweeten the deal. The crown demanded the Huguenots pay part of the cost of their reiter's wages, however eventually agreed to shoulder the entire burden. Concerning surety towns the crown offered La Rochelle, Angoulême and Montauban, countering the Huguenot demands for La Charite with offers of Perpignan or Lansac. The crown would later change its offer from Angoulême to Cognac, but relented to the Huguenots on their demand for La Charite.
The Protestant nobility accepted this compromise, which favoured their heartland in the south at the expense of Huguenots in the north and east, and on 8 August 1570 peace was signed at the royal residence of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
Terms of the peace
Past wrongs
Article 1 of the peace deal concerned crimes and other wrongs committed during the course of the prior three wars of religion. These were to be quenched and forgotten. Article 2 forbade the making of trouble over disputes that had arisen during the wars, the crown beseeched its subjects to live peacefully with one another. The next article mandated that the Catholic religion be restored in all regions where Huguenot ascendency during or prior to the civil war had seen it suppressed in sole favour of Huguenot worship. Article 4 built upon a concept that had been established first in the Edict of July, prohibiting subjects from investigating their neighbours religions.
Parameters of worship
Article 5 allowed all gentleman exercising high justice over their estates to practice the Huguenot faith when present on their estates, likewise their subjects who lived on the estates would be permitted practice of the religion. Article 6 outlined that when high justice was not enjoyed, religious worship was only to be in one's own house, for the members of the household up to ten people, assuming guests were present. Article 8 was a list of the 2 suburbs per gouvernment where Protestant worship would be permitted in churches and other open displays. Article 9 included the compromise worked out in August, allowing worship to also be conducted in those towns that the Huguenots held on 1 August 1570. Article 10 established that outside of the above towns there was to be no preaching or religious teaching elsewhere. Article 10 created a further prohibition, Protestant worship was to be forbidden within two leagues of wherever the court was currently residing, including for members of the court. Article 12 built upon this, Protestant worship was outlawed within 10 leagues of the town/viscounty of Paris, as it had been after Longjumeau, but also the towns of Senlis, Meaux, Melun and Chartres. In keeping with prior edicts however, house searches for Huguenot worship would not be permitted in any of these towns either.
Integration into society
Article 15 broadened the scope of the edict from prior edicts, outlining access to universities schools hospitals and alm houses, which was to be done irrespective of religion. Article 16 concerned itself with the reputation of the leading Huguenot nobles, specifically Jeanne d'Albret and Gaspard de Coligny. They were not to have their reputations impugned by rumours. Article 23 was also a new area for peace edicts, prohibiting the levying of undue taxes upon the Huguenot population, and discharging the Huguenot population if they were currently indebted to such taxes. Article 26 returned to familiar territory for peace edicts, guaranteeing the return of property, title and office, with the exception of those who had been replaced from their position in the high courts, who would be able to receive financial compensation for the loss of their office. Article 32 annulled all sentences, arrests seizures and decrees of the war that concerned matters of religion. This notably included the 50,000 écus bounty on Coligny's head and the Parlements removal of his title of Admiral. Further all monuments and marks erected to commemorate executions during the war were to be razed and removed. Article 34 repeated Longjumeau's demand that Protestants maintain their observance of Catholic holy days and feast days, prohibiting them from working on fasting days or running their butcheries during Lent. Article 35 was also new ground for peace edicts, allowing Protestants to request the removal of 4 judges when cases concerning religion got appealed to the Parlement in future. Article 36, modified this provision for Toulouse, allowing them to have their cases heard by the maîtres des requêtes instead.
Surety
Article 38 in recognition of how much trust had been damaged by this particularly brutal civil war, offered four surety towns (Montauban, La Rochelle, La Charite and Cognac) to the Huguenots as guarantee of the peace, so that they might return to their homes. These towns would be granted for a two-year period, the guarantee of which shall be made by the young princes of Navarre and Condé. Despite being allowed to remain in arms in these towns, Catholic worship must be returned to them in line with article 3.
Registration and enforcement
Registration
As with the edict of Longjumeau, the crown remembered the resistance the Parlement had put up to the Edict of Amboise, and to avoid a laboured several month period of ambiguity, mandated that the Parlements register it immediately, and further that all royal officials swear an oath to uphold its terms. For those who non violently obstructed the edicts implementation the punishment was to be whipping and a fine, for the violent obstruction, death. It was hoped that this would ensure that the edict would be adhered to more closely and promptly. As a result, after the edict was signed on 8 August, it would be registered by the Parlement of Paris (which had jurisdiction over half the country) three days later on 11 August.
Enforcement
In a similar manner to all past religious edicts, enforcement proved far harder to ensure than registration. Alongside the sending out of commissioners to oversee its implementation the crown for the first time sent out financial advisers, whose duty it would be raise and reclaim revenues that had been lost due to the long period of troubles. It would prove challenging for these officials to reacquire the funds. The Catholic representative assigned to La Rochelle complained of the slow nature of enforcement for returning Catholic worship to the city as stipulated by article 3. Churches that had been burned by the Huguenots were agreed to be lightly taxed until they could recover. In more successful developments for the edict, the reiters Coligny and the crown had hired were successfully paid and removed from the kingdom.
Rouen
In Rouen, 500 Calvinists, armed in contravention of the edict, passed by a vicar on the road to their suburban service at Bondeville. A scuffle ensued, and a Catholic militia descended upon the Protestants. After a large fight 40 Protestants were left dead. Five Catholic militia-men were arrested for their role in the violence, and sentenced on 5 April 1571. The following day an angry crowd of militant Catholics descended upon the prison and freed them all. Greatly annoyed at this disorder the council of 24 which administered Rouen called for a commission to restore order. The duke of Montmorency and his troops arrived and calmed the town.
Gastines
There was great disorder in Paris over the enforcement of article 32. A cross had been erected on the site of a razed Huguenot house, the resident of which had been executed during the civil wars. As part of the peace terms, this cross had to be removed from the site of the Gastine's house, and so a team set about preparing to remove it. This greatly angered militant Catholic elements of the Parisian population, who rallied around the cross as a holy and righteous memorial. Several bouts of violence accompanied the various attempts to remove it, the most serious riots in December 1571. Eventually the cross was moved to the cemetery of the innocents as a compromise with the rioters. The violent resistance of elements of the population to the edict would again come to bear in August 1572.
Modification
Militant Catholic pressure was not however confined to acts of mob violence and pressure was brought to bear on the king to modify the peace he had so recently signed. Article 15 was altered to remove Huguenots right of access to university teaching, and the king declared on 8 October there would be no Huguenots in the University of Paris. On 20 November he further prohibited any role in providing education across the country for Huguenots.
Long term consequences
St Bartholomew's day massacre and the resumption of war
Disgrace of Guise
The coming of peace coincided with the disgrace of the Guise family, who had led the war party since 1567. The cardinal of Lorraine, depressed at the peace, was conscious that his position at court was too compromised to continue by the crown having pursued this line, so he retired to his estates. Meanwhile, his nephew, the young Henri duke of Guise found himself more formally disgraced. During the final months of the war he had begun romantically pursuing the king's sister Marguerite. Catherine de' Medici and Charles were by now committed to the policy of marrying her to Henri Navarre as a method to ensure long term peace, and were furious when rumours of Guise's tryst reached their ears. They considered having him assassinated, but settled on exiling him from court.
Marriage plans and Spain
Negotiations for a marriage between Marguerite and Henri were finalised on 4 April 1572 by Jeanne and Catherine, with the marriage to go ahead in August. For much of this period the Protestant leadership had avoided the capital, not keen to trust the king's promise of safety in doing so. In September 1571 Coligny made a tentative return to court, keen to persuade the monarchy of his plans for an invasion of the Spanish Netherlands. He remained unable to convince the crown of his course losing several votes in council. However the crown moved closer to his position, unwilling to fully break with Spain yet happy to allow the rebel Louis of Nassau to hold up in Soissons. Coligny would not however stay at court long, and after 5 weeks, not feeling safe enough to remain, he retired.
The Guise meanwhile petitioned the crown to re-open the investigation into the murder of Francis, Duke of Guise in 1563, still convinced this would allow them a method to attack Coligny, who they accused of involvement. The crown however refused.
Marriage and a massacre
Coligny again returned to court in August, along with much of the other Huguenot nobility who had stayed away, to commemorate the marriage that would seal the peace. Several days after the marriage, an assassin would make an attempt on Coligny's life, wounding him in the shoulder, but non fatally. The Huguenot nobility exploded in anger at what they assumed was the work of the Guise if not Catherine herself. With the nobles threatening bloody retribution on the Guise, a royal council meeting was held, in which it was agreed to liquidate the Huguenot leadership on the pretext that they were about to send their troops into Paris for more extensive reprisals. On the morning of 24 August hit teams fanned out to execute the various Huguenot leaders, killing Coligny in his bedroom. When word of these hits got out, the population joined in against the general Huguenot population of the city, massacring 3–5000. The massacres then spread to other parts of France.
Further edict modification
While the king maintained his support for the peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye during both the assassination attempt on Coligny and the resulting massacre, it was further eroded as the king took the opportunity to ban Protestants from serving in the royal court and suspended assemblies. The Protestant cities in the south, furious at the betrayal of the assassinations and what they took to be a royal ordered nationwide massacre, entered rebellion. This began the fourth war of religion with the failed royal siege of La Rochelle.
Assessment by contemporaries
More militant Catholics regarded the peace terms agreed with abject horror. Monluc despondently remarked that the Huguenots had "won by writing what they lost by fighting." Lorraine too remarked on the peace that the "articles in it are bad and pernicious but what is still more annoying is the despair." The baron de Gordes lieutenant governor of Dauphiné opined that the peace should not have been published until Huguenots were disarmed and removed from their occupation of towns. The Parlement of Toulouse bemoaned to the king in June 1572 that the provision of amnesty in the peace was causing much disorder, due to criminals falsely claiming themselves to be religious prisoners.
The Huguenot aristocracy remained more cautious in their appraisal of the peace, approving many of its terms but fearful that they might be betrayed at any moment. As a result, most Huguenot aristocrats stayed on their estates, where they could be confident of their security, only departing in August 1572 to attend the marriage of Henri and Marguerite.
Assessment by historians
Historians have generally regarded it as the most favourable peace to the Protestants of the early religious wars. Sutherland describes it as "the first pro-Protestant peace" while other authors characterise it as a "Protestant charter." Roelker goes as far as to call it the "apogee of Huguenot power." These historians highlight the specificity of the edict, insofar as it listed the towns to be granted worship as opposed to leaving it up to provincial governors to assign towns as had been the system previously, the inclusion of new provisions regarding taxation and access to education, and the provision of surety towns that gave a military security to the Protestants beyond the goodwill of the king. Other historians are however more guarded in their assessment of the peace such as Roberts who characterises it as largely a reproduction in content and tone of the failed peace of Longjumeau.
See also
French Wars of Religion
List of treaties
References
Sources
History of Catholicism in France
French Wars of Religion
1570 in France
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1570 in Christianity
1570 treaties
16th-century Catholicism
16th-century military history of France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace%20of%20Saint-Germain-en-Laye |
Gdynia Wielki Kack railway station is a railway station serving the city of Gdynia, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1921 and is located on the Nowa Wieś Wielka–Gdynia Port railway. The train services are operated by SKM Tricity.
Modernisation
The station was modernised in 2015 as part of the works for the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna.
Train services
The station is served by the following service(s):
Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Gdansk - Gdansk Airport - Gdansk Osowa - Gdynia
Regional services (R) Koscierzyna - Zukowo - Gdansk Osowa - Gdynia
References
This article is based upon a translation of the Polish language version as of July 2016.
External links
Wielki Kack
Railway stations in Poland opened in 1921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gdynia%20Wielki%20Kack%20railway%20station |
David Ackroyd (born May 30, 1940) is an American actor, who first came to prominence in soap operas such as The Secret Storm and Another World.
Early life
On May 30, 1940, Ackroyd was born in East Orange, New Jersey; he moved to Wayne, New Jersey, when he was 12 years old.
Career
David Ackroyd extended his all-stage career into film and television in the early 1970s, beginning with daytime leading man outings in The Secret Storm and Another World. He progressed to work as Gary Ewing in Dallas until Ted Shackelford successfully took over the role when the character moved to the spin-off drama Knots Landing. Ackroyd later appeared on Knots Landing as a guest star, playing a different character.
In the late 1970s, he appeared in the miniseries The Dark Secret of Harvest Home as Nick Constantine; The Word and the TV movies And I Alone Survived and Exo-Man. He costarred in the short-lived series AfterMASH and A Peaceable Kingdom. He had supporting roles in The Mountain Men, Dark Angel and Xena: Warrior Princess. He voiced "John Cavanaugh/Prince Corran of Dar-Shan" in the animated series Wildfire as well as several characters in The New Yogi Bear Show, The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible, The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest and The New Adventures of Captain Planet.
On Broadway, Ackroyd appeared in Unlikely Heroes, a 1971 production of three plays based on the stories of Philip Roth; and Children of a Lesser God, in which he replaced John Rubinstein as the lead character James Leeds in 1981. Since the late 1990s and into the 2000s, Ackroyd has narrated documentaries on TV, including History's Mysteries and UFO Files: "Alien Engineering".
Ackroyd moved to Montana in 1996. In 2003, he co-founded the Alpine Theatre Project in Whitefish, a professional acting company, where he is the artistic development director. The project has featured appearances by Olympia Dukakis, John Lithgow and Kelli O'Hara.
Filmography
Actor
1971-1974 The Secret Storm as Kevin Kincade
1974-1977 Another World as Dr. Dave Gilchrist
1975 Kojak as Vincent Hackley
1977 Exo-Man as Dr. Nicholas Conrad / Exo-Man
1978 Lou Grant as Mike Kessler
1978 The Dark Secret of Harvest Home as Nick Constantine
1978 The Word as Tom Carey
1978 Dallas as Gary Ewing
1978 And I Alone Survived as Jay Fuller
1978 The Paper Chase, Season 1, Episode 5: "Voices of Silence" as Eric Ryerson
1978 Little Women as Professor Friedrich Bhaer
1979 Women in White as Dr. Mike Rayburn
1979 Mind Over Murder as Ben Kushing
1980 The Yeagers as John David Yeager
1980 The Mountain Men as Medicine Wolf
1981 A Gun in the House as Joe Cates
1982 The Sound of Murder as
1982 Knots Landing as
1982 Trapper John, M.D. as Dr. Frank Langtry
1982 McClain's Law as
1982 The Facts of Life as Major Dorsey
1983 Cocaine: One Man's Seduction as Bruce Neumann
1983 Deadly Lessons as John Ferrar
1983 Dynasty as
1983 Whiz Kids as Dave Kerns
1983 When Your Lover Leaves as Joe Masterson
1983 AfterMASH as Dr. Mark Boyer
1984 The Sky's No Limit as
1984 Hunter as Gus Trancus
1984 Cover Up as Prescott
1984 Riptide as
1985 Hardcastle and McCormick as Eddie Dawson
1985 Picking Up the Pieces as Dr. Eric Harding
1985 St. Elsewhere as Col. Chuck Cochrane
1986 The Nativity as
1986 The Children of Times Square as Peter Roberts
1986 Stark: Mirror Image as Kenneth Clayton
1986 The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible as Angel / Jesus Christ
1986 Wildfire as John Cavanaugh / Prince Cavan
1986 The A-Team as Major Laskov
1986 A Smoky Mountain Christmas as Video Director
1987 Nutcracker: Money, Madness and Murder as Jones
1987 Tales from the Hollywood Hills: Natica Jackson as
1985-1987 Cagney & Lacey as Brian Cagney
1987 Poor Little Rich Girl: The Barbara Hutton Story as Graham Mattison
1988 Cagney & Lacey
1988 Hotel as David Welch
1988 Windmills of the Gods as
1985-1988 MacGyver as Mr. Knapp
1988 Memories of Me as 1st Assistant Director
1988 Highway to Heaven as
1988 The New Yogi Bear Show as
1989 Studio 5-B as J.J. McMillan
1989 A Peaceable Kingdom as Dr. Bartholomew Langley
1990 Wrestling with God as Robert Owen
1990 I Come in Peace as Inspector Switzer
1991 History's Mysteries: Drake's Secret Voyage as
1991 Hell Hath No Fury as Stanley Ferguson
1991 Stop at Nothing as Agent Conroy
1992 Breaking the Silence as
1992 The Fear Inside as Brandon Cole
1992 The Round Table as
1993 Dead On as
1993 Love, Cheat & Steal as Tom Kerry
1993 The New Adventures of Captain Planet as
1986-1994 Murder, She Wrote as Bert Lown
1994 Against the Wall as William Kunstler
1994 Fortune Hunter as Paxton Leeds
1994 Walker, Texas Ranger as Jess Morell
1995 The Cosby Mysteries as
1996 Xena: Warrior Princess as Anteus
1996 The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest as Ezekiel Rage
1996 Raven as Bill Gilley
1997 No Strings Attached as
2000 Prison Life as
Self
1998 In Search of History: The Heretic King
1998 The Mysteries of Amelia Earhart
1998 In Search of History: The First Americans
1999 History's Mysteries: The First Detective
1999 History's Mysteries: The Inquisition
2000 History's Mysteries: Chain Gangs
2000 History's Mysteries: Body Snatchers
2000 Horror or Hoax
2000 History's Mysteries: Ghost Plane of the Desert - Lady Be Good
2000 History's Mysteries: Amityville -The Haunting
2001 History's Mysteries: Vikings, Fury from the North
2005 Meteors: Fire in the Sky
2006 UFO Files: Alien Engineering
2006 In Search of History: Dragons
2007 The Universe
Archive footage
2002 Intimate Portrait
References
External links
1940 births
Living people
Male actors from New Jersey
American male soap opera actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Actors from East Orange, New Jersey
People from Wayne, New Jersey
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ackroyd |
Site of Nature Conservation Interest (SNCI), Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC) and regionally important geological site (RIGS) are designations used by local authorities in the United Kingdom for sites of substantive local nature conservation and geological value. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has recommended the generic term 'local site', which is divided into 'local wildlife site' and 'local geological site'.
There are approximately 35,000 local sites, and according to the former Minister for Biodiversity, Jim Knight, they make a vital contribution to delivering the UK and Local Biodiversity Action Plans and national and Local Geodiversity Action Plans, as well as maintaining local natural character and distinctiveness. Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and local nature reserves (LNRs) have statutory protection, but they are only intended to cover a representative selection of sites, and Local sites are intended to provide comprehensive coverage of sites of nature conservation value. Local sites do not have statutory protection (unless they are also SSSIs or LNRs), but local authorities are expected to take account of the need to protect them in deciding their planning and development policies.
Selection methodology
Local sites are designated by local authorities in cooperation with Wildlife Trusts, RIGS Groups or Geology Trusts, or their equivalents. For example, in Kent, local wildlife sites are identified by the Kent Wildlife Trust). Selection is objective and is normally based upon a recent survey specifically designed for SNCI, but selection on the basis of existing, published information may also occur. The approach is similar to that used for the selection of biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), but the thresholds are lower.
Selection is primarily for habitats of inherent wildlife interest, but some sites may be selected for supporting rare or scarce species of plants or animals outside such habitats. The areas concerned may be areas of 'natural' habitats, or they may be man-made – for example, the West Norwood Cemetery is designated a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation by the London Borough of Lambeth
Once identified, designation and protection of the areas are done by local authorities through planning policies in their development plans. National government guidance (PPS 9) requires all development plans to include such policies. The variation in names for the designation reflects its separate existence in the different development plans for different areas.
In some areas, the designation is subdivided, or additional, more local designations are also used. For example, in Greater London SINCs are divided into the following grades:
Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation
Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation (Grade I and Grade II)
Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation
See also
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Local nature reserve
References
External links
Greenspace Information for Greater London, a database which covers most publicly accessible London SINCs
Nature reserves in the United Kingdom
Protected areas of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site%20of%20Nature%20Conservation%20Interest |
The Tagol Murut language is spoken by the Tagol (lowland) subgroup of the Murut people, and serves as the lingua franca of the whole group. It belongs to the Bornean subdivision of the Austronesian language family. Tagol Murut people can be found in Sabah and Sarawak, usually in areas around Sipitang, Tenom, Lawas, Limbang, and along the border areas shared with Brunei and Indonesia.
References
Murutic languages
Endangered Austronesian languages
Languages of Malaysia
Languages of Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagol%20language |
USS Aggressive (MSO-422) (originally designated AM-422) was an . She is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named Aggressive. This was later regarded as a mistake by President John F. Kennedy who stated that the ships should only be employed for "Peace keeping".
She was built by Luders Marine Construction Co. of Stamford, Connecticut, sponsored by Mrs. Stephen M. Archer, and commissioned at Brooklyn, New York, in the New York Naval Shipyard.
Service history
For most of 1954, Aggressive remained in the shipyard for alteration. In February 1955, her designation was changed to MSO-422. Her first deployment, immediately afterwards, had her take part in a mine warfare exercise off the south-east coast of the United States. She took part in the landing of American forces during the Lebanon crisis of 1958.
The ship was home ported at Charleston for her whole naval career. She also provided services to the Naval Mine Warfare School, Charleston; Naval Mine Defense Laboratory, Panama City, Florida; Mine Evaluation Detachment, Key West, Florida; and the Naval Ordnance Laboratory Test Facility, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Aggressive also took part in several fleet exercises and operations along the Atlantic coast and in the Caribbean.
On 1 October 1970, preparations to deactivate the ship were begun, and she was decommissioned on 2 July 1971. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 28 February 1975, and she was sold to R. E. Williams in May 1980.
References
External links
hazegray.org: USS Aggressive (AM/MSO-422)
Agile-class minesweepers
Ships built in Stamford, Connecticut
1952 ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Aggressive |
Thomas Baldwin Peddie (February 11, 1808 – February 16, 1889) was an American Republican politician who represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1877 to 1879. Earlier he was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1864 to 1865 and the Mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 1866 to 1869.
Birth
He was born on February 11, 1808, in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was a Baptist exhorter, working at trunk-making during the week and preaching on Sundays. The elder Peddie died in 1832, leaving his wife and six children in moderate financial circumstances and whose support then depended mainly upon Thomas. Seeing little chance in Scotland of earning a living for so many dependent ones, and hearing of America as the land of opportunity, he emigrated in 1833; after studying the advantages offered by several towns, he concluded to make Newark, New Jersey, his home. For two years he worked at the bench in a saddlery establishment and then, in a basement on Broad Street in Newark, began to manufacture trunks, not having, as he said, enough money to pay for the iron on his first trunk. When he died, his factory and warehouses covered nearly a block, his employees were numbered in the hundreds, and his name stood at the head of this branch of industry in the United States.
Public affairs
In addition to his public service described earlier, Peddie helped to found the Essex National Bank and was its vice president; he founded the Security Savings Bank and was its only president; he was president of the Board of Trade; manager of various city institutions; and director of insurance companies and charitable organizations.
The money for the Newark First Baptist Church was given by Peddie. H. J. Latham wrote:
He said to me, Now, don't mention my name in this service, but pass me by. After the service was over, we walked down Broad Street together, and he said to me, I don't think that you or any of the others quite understand me in this gift. How so? I asked. He replied, Think of it, I came to this city a poor young man. See where I am now! Look at my happy home! Think how many friends I have. Everything I've touched has seemed to prosper. Now, I believe that all this prosperity has come to me from God, and I owe all my religious convictions to the fellowship I have enjoyed all these years in the First Baptist Church. Then pausing and turning abruptly to me he said with great emphasis, I am building this church simply to express my gratitude to God.
U.S. Patent
"This invention has for its object to improve the construction of trunks, valises, portmanteaus, pellesiers, traveling bags, etc., so as to adapt them to receive and carry a portfolio in such a way that while carrying it safely, it may be conveniently removed when required for use." (1870).
Death
He died in Newark on February 16, 1889, and is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Newark.
Legacy
The Peddie School in Hightstown, where he was a generous benefactor, and the Peddie Memorial Baptist Church in Newark are named after him.
See also
List of mayors of Newark, New Jersey
References
External links
Thomas Baldwin Peddie at The Political Graveyard
Republican Party members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Burials at Mount Pleasant Cemetery (Newark, New Jersey)
Mayors of Newark, New Jersey
Scottish emigrants to the United States
1808 births
1889 deaths
Politicians from Edinburgh
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey
19th-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Baldwin%20Peddie |
The Puerto Rico national baseball team (), also known as Team Rubio is the national baseball team of Puerto Rico. The men's senior team is currently ranked 13th in the world. Puerto Rico is the incumbent Pan American and Central American/Caribbean champion, as well as the World Baseball Classic runner-up. The team will compete against Israel, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Nicaragua in the 2023 World Baseball Classic in March 2023 in Miami, Florida.
After debuting in the amateur predecessor to the Baseball World Cup, the team won its first medal by finishing second in 1947, a performance that it repeated the following year. In 1951, Puerto Rico became the world baseball champion by winning the event. The team went on to gather six more medals during the tournament's existence, finishing second twice and third four times.
Puerto Rico was an inaugural member of the World Baseball Classic, making its debut in the first edition. The team has advanced to the second round in all of its appearances, in the process becoming the first team to score mercy rule wins over Cuba and the United States. In the 2013 World Baseball Classic, Puerto Rico became the second team from the Western Hemisphere to advance to the final, eliminating two-time defending world champion Japan in the semifinals before finishing as the event's runner-up. The team has also participated in several other international competitions, such as the Central American and Caribbean Games, the Pan American Games, Americas Baseball Cup, Intercontinental Cup, and Haarlem Baseball Week, winning medals in most.
Baseball World Cup era
Early years of amateur baseball
Puerto Rico made its debut at the Baseball World Cup, then known as the "Amateur World Series" in 1940, only two years after the creation of the Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente (LBPPR), which at the moment was an amateur league. Like all of the other expansion teams, they finished in the bottom half of the table, tied with Mexico with a record of 2–10. The following year the team repeated this performance, finishing tied with El Salvador. Between 1942 and 1943, Puerto Rico did not participate due to the ongoing World War II to which several LBPPR players were drafted. The team returned in 1944, but finished tied with Nicaragua with a record of 1–6. Puerto Rico declined participation in the 1945 Amateur World Series, joining Mexico and Cuba in absence.
World Championship
As the LBPPR expanded and became more organized, the quality of players composing the Puerto Rican national team improved. Returning in 1947, Puerto Rico won the silver medal, having entered the round robin tied with a record of 6–2, defeating Nicaragua to advance before losing to the host, Colombia, in the finals. Puerto Rico went 6–1 in the round-robin but lost 11–1 and 2–1 to the Dominicans in the best-of-3 finals. They won their second straight Silver Medal. M. Ruiz tied for the most doubles (4) and most triples (2). In 1950, the team finished the regular phase of the tournament tied with the Dominican Republic and Cuba for the first place with a record of 9–2, the team defeated Cuba and lost to the Dominican Republic during the round robin phase. However, the Federación Internacional de Béisbol Aficionado (FIBA) ruled that several players that had joined the team were ineligible to play, ruling several key victories "forfeits" and dropping it out of the podium. This incident was the result of the LBPPR from amateur to professional a few years earlier.
In 1951, Puerto Rico earned a record of 7–3 in the regular stage, handing Cuba its only defeat in the first games. After advancing, the team went undefeated with wins over Cuba and Venezuela to secure the gold medal. The team was headlined by Sotero Ortiz who scored more runs (21) and stole more bases (10) than anyone else, while teammate Ramon Maldonado hit 8 doubles to lead the statistic. In 1952, Puerto Rico went 7–3, including 2–2 in the final round to take bronze medal. They were the only team to beat Cuba in the finals. W. Figueredo led in triples (3) while J.R. Garcia led in homers (2) and steals (7). Sotero Ortiz tied for the most doubles (4) and runs (13). Due to the improving quality of its players, Puerto Rico soon began experiencing the loss of its best players to the professional leagues at a very young age, including Roberto Clemente and Orlando Cepeda. In 1953, the team finished 6th with a record of 5–5. However, Félix Torres drove in 15 runs to lead the Series.
By the time that the series resumed in 1963, Major League Baseball had become the primary employer of Puerto Rican talent, making them ineligible to play in the Amateur World Series and the team did not participate in this edition. Back for the tournament in 1965, Puerto Rico won Bronze with a 5–3 record. Andres Cruz led the Series in average (.485), hits (16) and RBI (8). Pitcher Efrain Contreras set an Amateur World Series record by striking out 19 against the Netherlands Antilles. After another hiatus of four years, the event resumed in 1969, which saw Panama, Puerto Rico, Colombia and Nicaragua all tied for 5th with 4–6 records. Luis Mercado led the tournament in doubles (6) and tied for the most triples (3). In 1970, Puerto Rico won the bronze medal with a record of 9–2. Ramón Ortiz hit the most home runs (3) in the competition.
FIBA vs. FEMBA; unique dual medallist
In 1971, Puerto Rico finished tied with Nicaragua in the third place with a record of 6–3, but did not receive the bronze medal due to their individual series. Carlos Lowell led all pitchers with 3 wins. In 1972, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Chinese Taipei tied for 6th, all with 9–6 marks. The team was managed by Roberto Clemente (only weeks prior to his death) and featured a no-hitter by Sandalio Quinonez against Costa Rica. In 1973, Puerto Rico participated in two versions of the Amateur World Series due to internal conflicts in the sport, in the Federación Internacional de Béisbol Aficionado version, the team won the silver medal with a record of 10–3, with two of those loses coming at the hands of eventual winner, Cuba. J. Fontanez led in average (.432). The team was managed by Vic Power. A splinter cell of the national team won the bronze at the event's Federación Mundial de Béisbol Amateur version with a record of 8–2. Puerto Rico is the only participant to win medals in both of the 1973 events. Eventually the FIBA and FEMBA merged and the event had only one sanctioning body, the International Amateur Baseball Association (IABF). In 1974, Puerto Rico finished tied for fourth place at the Amateur World Series along Canada, Italy, Chinese Taipei and the Dominican Republic. In the 1976 World Amateur Series, Puerto Rico won Silver with an 8–2 round-robin before leaving the tournament prior to the final round. J.L. de Leon led the tournament with a 0.00 ERA. After missing the 1978 edition of the World Amateur Series, the team came back in 1980, but finished tied in the 7th place with Venezuela with a 4–7 record. After missing out another version of the Amateur World Series, the team returned in 1984, finishing behind Panama with a record of 6–7, despite gathering a 54–46 advantage in runs. Mariano Quinones (2–0, 2.48) was their most effective pitcher. The top hitter was 1B Luis Fontanez (.353/.400/.569). Future MLB player Hector Villanueva was part of the roster, but had an unsuccessful tournament going 2 for 13 with a double and no walks. In the 1986 Amateur World Series, Puerto Rico tied for 7th at 5–6, despite outscoring opponents 56–45. Roberto Santana (.369) led the Series with 6 stolen bases. Eddie Rodriguez (1.28) had two saves. By 1988, the Amateur World Series became known as the Baseball World Cup and Puerto Rico beat both No. 3 Taiwan and No. 4 Japan and lost to No. 1 Cuba by just one run. However, losses to Canada, Nicaragua and South Korea kept the team out of the final four. CF Ángel Morales (.395/.490/.737, 14 R, 14 RBI) and DH Helson Rodriguez (.300/.462/.650) guided the offensive charge. Victor L. Martinez was 0–1 with a 1.80 ERA, the lowest on the staff.
Migration of MLB All-Stars and fallout
Beginning during the last years of the 1980s and extending throughout the 1990s, Puerto Rico saw a major increase in its production of high-caliber players, with a crop that included Iván Rodríguez, Roberto Alomar, Bernie Williams, Rubén Sierra, Jorge Posada, Juan González, Carlos Delgado, Edgar Martínez and Carlos Beltrán among several others. This fact severely limited the quantity of talent available for the national baseball team, due to the protective behavior exhibited by the MLB teams that signed these players since their teenage years. In the 1990 Baseball World Cup, Puerto Rico went 7–2 but finished 4th thanks to the format. They were 4th with 52 runs and second in ERA (2.89). 1B Efrain Garcia (.351/.385/.568, 7 RBI), All-Star CF Ángel Morales (.417/.463/.556, 8 R, 10 RBI) and DH Helson Rodriguez (.371/.385/.714, 3 HR, 11 RBI) paced the offense. Headlining a fine staff was Jesus I. Feliciano (1–0, 0.56). In 1994, Puerto Rico finished with a 3–4 record, with two close one-run losses (3–2 to Panama and 4–3 to the Netherlands). They hit .305 as a team, fifth in that tournament. Top performers were 1B Efrain Garcia (.448/.484/.724, 8 RBI in 7 games), C Jose Lorenzana (.400/.455/.500), RF Joel Perez (.318/.348/.682) and P Nelson Sanchez (1–1, 2.25). After being absent from two World Cups, the team returned in 2005 but Puerto Rico Puerto Rico, managed by Bert Peña, went 6–5 despite being outscored overall, 60–56. They finished 8th overall. Randy Ruiz (.346/.452/.654), CF Jesus Feliciano (.378/.410/.649, 10 R, 9 RBI) and Edwards Guzman (.343/.375/.543) led the offense However, former MLB player Angel Echevarria had a weak performance with averages of .083/.241/.125. Orlando Román (2–0, 0.50) was their clear top starter as 4 pitchers had ERAs over 8.
Puerto Rico debuted in the inaugural World Baseball Classic by hosting Pool C on March 7, 2006, and defeating Panama with a score of 2–1. The team followed this by winning their second game over the Netherlands, 8–3. Puerto Rico closed the first round by winning Pool C with a 12–2 mercy rule victory over the defending world champion, Cuba. The team opened the second round by defeating the Dominican Republic 7–1. However, the team lost its next game to Venezuela 6–0. Puerto Rico was eliminated with a 4–3 loss in a rematch with Cuba.
2008–2011
Puerto Rico began this Olympic cycle participating in the 2008 America Baseball Cup. The team debuted on September 26, 2008, defeating Mexico 2:1, this game was won by Josué Matos. Puerto Rico concluded the tournament's first round undefeated, with victories over Brazil (6:3), Aruba (7:0) and Guatemala (8:0). In the first two games, Andy González scored four doubles and Carlos Rivera hit his second home run of the round. In the game against Aruba, Orlando Román threw a perfect game over seven innings. In the second round, Puerto Rico defeated Panama (9:4) to qualify for the 2009 Baseball World Cup. On the second date, the team lost their only game of the tournament to Venezuela (5:4). In the next game, the team defeated Netherlands Antilles by ten runs (14:4). Puerto Rico won the 2008 Americas Baseball Cup on October 5, 2008, defeating Nicaragua in the final.
Puerto Rico hosted Pool D of the 2009 World Baseball Classic, debuting with a 7–0 victory over Panama. In its second game, the team defeated the Netherlands 3–1. Both teams met in an immediate rematch to determine the group winner, which Puerto Rico won with scores of 5–0. The team opened the second round by giving the United States its first mercy rule loss, 11–1. Puerto Rico next played Venezuela, losing 2–0. Facing the United States in an elimination game, Puerto Rico lost 6–5 after losing the lead during the final inning. Iván Rodríguez was selected the All-WBC team catcher.
For the Baseball World Cup, Puerto Rico, once again led by Eduardo Pérez, created a roster composed of mostly professional players, including several Major League Baseball athletes. The final cut included infielders Alex Cintrón, Rubén Gotay, Melvin Falú, Carlos Rivera and Angel Sánchez; catchers Orlando Mercado, Jr., Stephen Morales and Raúl Casanova; pitchers Luis Atilano, Mario Santiago, José Santiago, Orlando Román, Juan Padilla, Angel García, Richard Rodríguez, Miguel Mejía, Alexander Woodson, Nelvin Fuentes, Melvin Pizarro and Efraín Nieves as well as outfielders Miguel Negrón, Luis Matos y Miguel Abreu. José Valentín was selected to perform as both infielder and outfielder. Javier Valentín and Juan González were evaluated, but excluded from the final cut due to previous injuries. The fact that most of the roster was professional received some criticism from the amateur circuit. Journalist Duldin Meléndez of Periodico La Cordillera wrote in a piece that "[Pérez] is not familiar with the [amateur] players and has not even seen them play" expressing a similar concern about the Federation's president, Israel Roldán. Juan Carlos Díaz, infielder of the Bravos de Cidra in Béisbol AA, openly expressed disappointment when he did not receive an invitation, noting that he deserved it after leading the Liga Caribe division with an average of .632 and the league's final in offensive. Making its debut on September 10, 2009, Puerto Rico's first opponent is Cuba.
For the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games, the number of players per roster was limited to 20. Consequently, players such as Juan González and José Valentín were not included in the final cut. Carlos Delgado was included in the preliminary list, but was unable to compete due to injury. The team was mostly composed of professional players such as Víctor Raúl González, Orlando Mercado, Jorge Jiménez, Philip Cuadrado, Adrián Ortiz, Efraín Nieves, Ricard Rodríguez Nick Ortiz, Armando Ríos, Christopher Amador, Edwards Guzmán and Mario Santiago, but also included three amateurs, Antonio Acevedo, Joycet Feliciano and Manuel Romero. Amateur pitcher Jean Ortega was a last minute addition due to an injury suffered by Acevedo. Puerto Rico debuted with a victory over Guatemala in seven innings. The following night the team recorded its second victory, 3:2, over Venezuela, in a game that extended to one extra inning. Efraín Nieves debuted with a shutout victory over Panama, allowing only one hit. Puerto Rico was the leader in its group, closing the first round with a 6:0 victory over the United States Virgin Islands. However, the team lost a 0–1 game to Mexico in the semifinals and the bronze medal to Nicaragua 6–7.
For the 2010 Americas Baseball Cup, Eduardo Pérez assembled an entirely different roster. Several players from the Minor Leagues who were unable to compete at the Central American and Caribbean Games, because this event was not sanctioned by the IBAF, now joined the pre-selection. Only few players, such as Irving Falú were kept from the CAC team. The most notable addition was González, who was joined by Fernando Cabrera, Kiko Calero, Federico Báez, Saúl Rivera, Ramón Vázquez, Gabriel Martinez, Luis Figueroa, Jorge Padilla, Alex Cora and Christian Colón. Puerto Rico was drafted to Group A, along Argentina, Aruba, Canada, Panama and the Dominican Republic.
Generational shift (2013–2016)
After 2011, the IBAF decided to phase out the Baseball World Cup, with the WBC replacing it as the premier competition in international baseball. During this time frame the team was immersed in a change of the guard, losing MLB All-Stars Iván Rodríguez, Carlos Delgado and Bernie Williams to retirement. As with the previous editions, Puerto Rico hosted the first round of the 2013 Classic. However, this time the team faced different adversaries following an expansion, defeating Spain 3–0 in its debut. Puerto Rico secured classification to the second round by winning a game over Venezuela, 6–3. The team closed the round by losing the seeding game to the Dominican Republic, 4–2. Puerto Rico opened the second round with a 7–1 loss to the United States. The team remained alive by defeating Italy 4–3. In its second consecutive elimination game, Puerto Rico defeated the United States 4–3. Facing the Dominican Republic in another seeding game, the team lost 2–0. Puerto Rico advanced by defeating the defending WBC champion, Japan, with scores of 3–1. In the event finals, the team lost a third contest to the Dominican Republic, 3–0, to finish their participation as the tournament's runner up. Yadier Molina was the All-WBC catcher, while Ángel Pagán and Nelson Figueroa received positions among the outfielders and pitchers.
The date of the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games has opened the door for Puerto Rico and several other teams to reinforce themselves with MLB players, raising the competitive level of what is usually a low caliber tournament. The team finished fourth.
Regional championships (2017–2021)
Puerto Rico repeated their previous WBC performance in 2017, finishing as the tournament's runner-up.
For secondary competitions, former MLB player Juan González was named as manager making his debut at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games. Unable to request athletes contracted to MLB (or active in MiLB), he assembled a team composed by players active in foreign independent leagues, the local Doble A amateur league and veteran free agents with previous professional experience, making the final cut following a preparatory tournament. González made his official debut as manager in a 5:3 victory over Venezuela. In its next outing, Puerto Rico defeated Cuba 8:1 to snap a 36-year (43-game) winning streak at the CACG. This was followed by wins over the Dominican Republic (4:1) and Mexico (7:1). On July 26, 2018, Puerto Rico defeated second-place Colombia 2:1 to clinch the first place of the round robin. This was followed by inconsequential losses to Panama (2:5) and Guatemala (9:10). González closed his first participation as manager by leading Puerto Rico to the Central American and Caribbean gold medal.
Once again managed by González, Puerto Rico won the gold medal of the 2019 Pan American Games, going undefeated and besting Canada 6:1 in the final. The team tried but failed to qualify for the 2020 Olympics at the eight-team Americas Qualifying Event on May 31 through June 5, 2021.
Abridged Olympic circle (2022–2024)
Despite being the defending CACG champion, Puerto Rico had to play in the Caribbean Baseball Cup to qualify for the 2023 tournament. Facing issues with the Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente due to itinerary conflicts, González was able to assemble a team composed by players from the local Béisbol Superior Doble A amateur league, beginning the participation with a 7:1 loss to defending champion Curaçao. Puerto Rico then won consecutive shut out games over Cuba (6:0) and the United States Virgin Islands (6:0). The team advanced in the first place of the global standings by defeating the Bahamas with scores of 14:2. It won a rematch (9:3) in the semifinals to contend for the title and qualify for the CACG. Puerto Rico defeated Cuba in the finals with scores of 9:4 to win the IV Caribbean Baseball Cup.
The team will compete against Israel, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Nicaragua in the 2023 World Baseball Classic in March 2023 in Miami, Florida.
Tournament record
World Baseball Classic
Olympic Games
Baseball World Cup
Gold: 1951
Silver: 1947, 1948, 1973, 1976
Bronze: 1952, 1965, 1970, 1973
Intercontinental Cup
Silver: 1973
Bronze: 1989
Americas Baseball Cup
Gold: 2008
Pan American Games
Gold: 2019
Silver: 1959, 1991
Bronze: 1967, 1979, 1987, 1995
Central American and Caribbean Games
Gold: 1959, 2002, 2018
Silver: 1962, 1966, 1990
Bronze: 1974, 1978, 1993
Caribbean Baseball Cup
Gold: 2022
World University Baseball Championship
2006 – 6th place
Haarlem Baseball Week
1992 – 5th place
2012 –
Results and fixtures
The following is a list of professional baseball match results currently active in the latest version of the WBSC World Rankings, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Legend
2019
2022
2023
See also
Baseball in Puerto Rico
World Baseball Classic
Olympic baseball
World Cup
Americas Baseball Cup
Pan American Games
Intercontinental Cup
Central American and Caribbean Games
IBAF World Rankings
List of players from Puerto Rico in MLB
Baseball awards
2013 World Baseball Classic rosters
2009 World Baseball Classic rosters
2006 World Baseball Classic rosters
References
External links
Latino Baseball
Series del Caribe, Las (Spanish)
International Baseball Federation Baseball World Cup home page
Official Olympic Reports (digitized copies online)
International Olympic Committee results database
World Baseball Classic
Baseball
National baseball teams
National
1940 establishments in Puerto Rico
Baseball teams established in 1940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto%20Rico%20national%20baseball%20team |
Herbert Dyer (1898–1974) was an English coppersmith who worked in Mousehole, near Penzance, during the 1920s, influenced by the Newlyn Industrial Class near Penzance, Cornwall.
He first became interested in the art of copper work with trench art whilst serving with the Royal Horse Artillery in 1916. After service in France, Belgium, and Egypt he returned to Cumbria in 1922 but had to walk south to find work. He eventually set up a workshop in Mousehole and starting by making items to suit local needs.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060208101652/http://oldcopper.org/newlyn.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20050315221549/http://www.penleehouse.org.uk/copper/dyer.htm
1898 births
1974 deaths
Arts and Crafts movement artists
Artists from Cornwall
20th-century English male artists
Royal Artillery personnel
British Army personnel of World War I | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Dyer |
Gdańsk Osowa railway station is a railway station serving the Osowa district of Gdańsk, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1930 and is located on the Nowa Wieś Wielka–Gdynia Port railway, Gdańsk Kokoszki–Gdańsk Osowa railway and Gdańsk Wrzeszcz–Gdańsk Osowa railway. The train services are operated by SKM Tricity.
Modernisation
Between 2014 and 2015 the station was modernised as part of the works for the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Gdynia Główna — Gdańsk Osowa — Gdańsk Port Lotniczy (Airport) — Gdańsk Wrzeszcz
Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Kościerzyna — Gdańsk Osowa — Gdynia Główna
References
This article is based upon a translation of the Polish language version as of July 2016.
External links
Osowa
Railway stations in Poland opened in 1930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk%20Osowa%20railway%20station |
Stadion De Vijverberg (; ) is the football stadium in Doetinchem, Netherlands. It has a capacity of 12,600 seats.
The name is derived from a hotel with the same name, which stood on the present location of the stadium. Because of all the ponds that had to be filled up, the name Vijverberg arose. The stadium, which was built in 1954, was renovated in 1970, with the construction of the Vijverberg-, Groenendaal- and Spinnekop stands and the light installation.
After the construction of the roofs above the stands in the late eighties, the radical renovation of the Vijverberg began in the summer of 1998. However, with the positioning of seats on the Spinnekop stand, named after the famous Spion Kop, one of the characteristic parts went lost, so in 2008 De Graafschap decided to remove the seats again. The stadium used to have its own train station, but it was closed in 2005. Like many clubs in the Netherlands, the board of De Graafschap in 2012 considered switching to artificial turf in the stadium. However, a big supporter's group fiercely protested against these plans, calling Super Farmers are supposed to play in the "mud" as they have always done.
The venue opened on 4 September 1954.
References
External links
De Vijverberg at Soccerway
De Graafschap
Football venues in the Netherlands
Sports venues in Gelderland
UEFA Women's Euro 2017 venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Vijverberg |
"Toad" is an instrumental by British rock band Cream and was released on their 1966 debut album, Fresh Cream. Composed by drummer Ginger Baker, the piece is a five-minute drum solo (with a brief guitar and bass introduction and ending). Although drum solos are common in jazz, "Toad" is one of the earliest recorded by a rock group.
Background
"Toad" grew out of "Camels and Elephants", a composition Baker had recorded with the Graham Bond Organisation in 1965. When he formed Cream, "Toad" was first recorded for their debut album, Fresh Cream (1966). Baker plays a sequence of drum patterns that are built up, varied, and then dropped, giving way to a new pattern. On the piece, Baker often produced complementary rhythms on the hi-hat, ride cymbal, double-bass drums and tom-toms simultaneously.
Other recordings
An extended sixteen-minute live version (of which 13 minutes is drum solo) appears on Cream's 1968 album Wheels of Fire. A slightly longer version of this recording, with some additional guitar and bass edited into the introduction from another performance, appears on Cream's four-disc compilation album Those Were the Days (1997). "Toad" also featured in Cream's reunion concert in May 2005 at the Royal Albert Hall, and appears on the Royal Albert Hall London May 2-3-5-6, 2005 album.
"Toad" was performed by Ginger Baker's Air Force, and a 13-minute version with drum solos by Baker, Remi Kabaka and Phil Seamen appears on their 1970 live album, Ginger Baker's Air Force, recorded at the Royal Albert Hall in January 1970. "Toad" later evolved into "Toady", which featured on Ginger Baker's Air Force 2 (1970).
Reception and influence
The Cream website, Those Were the Days, described "Toad" as "a coherent drums solo that remains unequalled in Rock Music. It influenced many contemporaries and innumerable budding drummers." "Toad" has been "widely imitated", and "paved the way for a decade of heavy-metal drum solos". Spin magazine gave it the "dubious distinction of introducing the drum solo to the rock LP", and The Drummer: 100 Years of Rhythmic Power and Invention called Baker's drumming on "Toad" "a milestone in drum soloing". In a review of Cream, Life magazine said that "Toad" "features sustained, imaginative drumming that would knock out a Carnegie jazz audience".
In a review of Wheels of Fire in Rolling Stone, Jann S. Wenner described Cream's live performance of "Toad" as "pretty good", and "much better" than the studio version on Fresh Cream. Wenner remarked that Baker's "tendency to be sloppy is not evident, and he gets moving quickly and sustains the tension well".
References
Cream (band) songs
1966 songs
1960s instrumentals
Song recordings produced by Felix Pappalardi
Song recordings produced by Robert Stigwood | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toad%20%28instrumental%29 |
Doomtree is an American hip hop collective and record label based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The collective has seven members: Dessa, Cecil Otter, P.O.S, Sims, Mike Mictlan, Paper Tiger, and Lazerbeak. The collective is known for incorporating a wide range of musical influences into their work with lyrical complexity and wordplay, and their annual "Doomtree Blowout" events held in Minneapolis venues to showcase their group performances and the Twin Cities music scene.
Early years
The name "Doomtree" is a made-up word that doesn't have a meaning, according to P.O.S, who says that it has come to represent "my people and my life's work so far." When Dessa was asked about the name, she said "Initially it was a proposed name for a Cecil and P.O.S. record. The name followed us when we all lived together in a big rundown house a few years ago. Whether it was the fault of architecture or some sort of cosmic wormhole, dead pigeons always showed up on our doorstep." The group was originally named "False Hopes" when it was just P.O.S and Cecil Otter, but after consideration, it was traded off to be the name of a series of releases (there are 15 total) by Doomtree members (such as Cecil Otter's or Doomtree's debut).
Members of Doomtree have described the group's formation as a gradual process. The initial lineup saw P.O.S and MK Larada, friends from high school, making songs with other local artists such as Cecil Otter and Beautiful Bobby Gorgeous. The beginning of the name began when P.O.S and Cecil Otter first envisioned Doomtree to be an in house production team. Soon enough Sims and Lazerbeak, fellow Hopkins High School alumni, followed. Mike Mictlan, having also attended high school with P.O.S, became an official member when he moved back to Minneapolis from Los Angeles. Dessa joined after having a chance encounter with P.O.S, who was living down the street from her at the time along with Sims, Turbo Nemesis and MK Larada. Sims and Dessa were said to be the last to join the collective. After its final formation, members MK Larada, Turbo Nemesis, Tom Servo, and Bobby Gorgeous gradually drifted away from the group. MK Larada is responsible for Doomtree's famous "Wings and Teeth" logo.
Musical career
Doomtree's first official album, Doomtree, was released on July 29, 2008.
Their second official album, No Kings, was released to critical acclaim on November 22, 2011.
In 2012, Time included Doomtree in the "11 Great Bands You Don't Know (But Should)" list. December 12, 2012 was proclaimed by Mayor R. T. Rybak as "Doomtree Day in the city of Minneapolis" in conjunction with the opening night of the Doomtree Blowout 8 show at First Avenue.
Doomtree's documentary film, Team the Best Team, was also released as a DVD in 2012, and also as a digital stream and download in 2013.
In December 2014, Doomtree had the final installment of the annual Blowout concert series, which the crew hosted for 10 years.
On January 27, 2015, Doomtree released their third group album, All Hands. In October 2015, Doomtree curated the first Doomtree Zoo festival at the CHS Field.
Distribution
While P.O.S and Cecil Otter have released solo albums on other record labels (Rhymesayers Entertainment and Strange Famous Records, respectively), each of the group albums and the majority of the collective's solo work are released on their own label, Doomtree Records.
Doomtree has also formed a publisher, Doomtree Press. In 2009, it put out Spiral Bound, Dessa's first book of poetry and fiction.
Officially, the CEO of the label is Dessa, but the label is run by the entire group, with outside help from friends such as Ander Other, Doomtree's "Intern/Merchant/Graphic Designer/Webmaster/Video Editor/Social Media Agent/Librarian."
Style
As a group, Doomtree's sound reflects being a collective of many members with unique individual musical influences. Officially classified as hip-hop, the influences of jazz, punk rock, blues, rock, and soul can be detected throughout their music. Doomtree is known for having "tangled, multihued and pointedly intellectualized lyrics" with "cerebral rhymes and moody beats."
Honors and awards
The group has been honored with a star on the outside mural of the Minneapolis nightclub First Avenue, recognizing performers that have played sold-out shows or have otherwise demonstrated a major contribution to the culture at the iconic venue. P.O.S also has a star for his solo work. Receiving a star "might be the most prestigious public honor an artist can receive in Minneapolis," according to journalist Steve Marsh.
Members
Current
Dessa: rapper
Cecil Otter: rapper/producer
P.O.S: rapper/producer
Sims: rapper
Mike Mictlan: rapper
Paper Tiger: producer/DJ
Lazerbeak: producer
Former
MK Larada: producer
Turbo Nemesis: producer/DJ
Tom Servo: producer/DJ
Beautiful Bobby Gorgeous: producer
Discography
Studio albums
EPs and mixtapes
Singles
Other
Doomtree Blowout
Between 2005-2014, Doomtree performed in annual group shows ("Blowouts") at local Minneapolis, Minnesota venues.
See also
Underground hip hop
Twin Cities hip hop
List of record labels
References
External links
Alternative hip hop groups
Midwest hip hop groups
American independent record labels
Independent record labels based in Minnesota
Hip hop record labels
Companies based in Minneapolis
2001 establishments in Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomtree |
Fern Fitzgerald (born January 7, 1947 in Valley Stream, New York) is an American actress, best known for her recurring role as oil cartel businesswoman Marilee Stone in the CBS primetime soap opera Dallas from 1979 to 1989. She guest-starred in the number of other television series, like Archie Bunker's Place, Hill Street Blues, Hotel, Who's the Boss?, Life Goes On, and Seinfeld. In film, Fitzgerald appeared in The Beach Girls (1982). She also appeared in the original productions of Chicago and A Chorus Line on Broadway.
Filmography
All My Children (1978)
A Cry for Love as Barbara (1980)
Too Close for Comfort as Masseuse (1 episode, 1980)
Hart to Hart as Female Passenger (1 episode, 1981)
The Beach Girls as Julie (1982)
Madame's Place as Rhoda Royale (1 episode, 1982)
Archie Bunker's Place as Pat McBride (3 episodes, 1983)
Hill Street Blues (1 episode, 1983)
Silver Spoons as Corinne Taylor (2 episodes, 1983—1984)
Stingray as Marcia Finch (1985)
Scarecrow and Mrs. King as Jill Halsman (1 episode, 1985)
It's a Living as Louise (1 episode, 1986)
Hotel as Myra Fields (1 episode, 1986)
Who's the Boss? as Dr. Isabel Schaeffer (2 episodes, 1985—1986)
Hunter as Shelly Kurtz (1 episode, 1987)
The Oldest Rookie as Karen (1 episode, 1987)
Who Gets the Friends? (1988)
Nightingales (1988)
Hooperman (1 episode, 1989)
Dallas as Marilee Stone (73 episodes, 1979–1987, 1989)
They Came from Outer Space as Ramona (1 episode, 1990)
Shades of L.A. as Katherine (1 episode, 1991)
Life Goes On as Robin Benchfield (3 episodes, 1990—1992)
Vanishing Son (1 episode, 1995)
Seinfeld as Ms. Wilkie (1 episode, 1996)
References
External links
1947 births
Actresses from New York (state)
American musical theatre actresses
American soap opera actresses
Living people
People from Long Island
American television actresses
20th-century American actresses
Valley Stream Central High School alumni
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern%20Fitzgerald |
Ben Chasny is an American indie rock and psychedelic folk guitarist. His primary projects are Six Organs of Admittance (his solo psych folk project) and Comets on Fire (a psychedelic rock band).
Biography
Chasny made his recording debut in 1996 with his heavy, free rock project Plague Lounge on The Wicker Image, an LP released conjointly between the New World of Sound and Holy Mountain labels. Holy Mountain went on to become the "home" of many of his releases under the Six Organs of Admittance moniker. He has also released an album with Hiroyuki Usui under the name August Born.
Chasny has lent his talents to other projects such as Badgerlore, Double Leopards, Current 93, Magik Markers, and a duo with Dredd Foole, both in live performance and studio albums. More recent musical projects of his include the avant-folk trio Rangda (along with guitarist Richard Bishop and drummer Chris Corsano) and the more melodic and conventional 200 Years with Magik Markers' Elisa Ambrogio.
Discography
The Wicker Image (1996, New World of Sound/ Holy Mountain)
References
External links
Homecoming King - An Interview with Ben Chasny
Set of Six Organs of Admittance at scheduletwo.com
American rock guitarists
American folk musicians
American folk guitarists
American male guitarists
Psychedelic folk musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Drag City (record label) artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Chasny |
Rębiechowo railway station is a railway station serving the town of Rębiechowo, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1938 and is located on the Nowa Wieś Wielka–Gdynia Port railway and Gdańsk Rębiechowo–Rębiechowo railway. The train services are operated by SKM Tricity.
Modernisation
In 2014 the station was modernised as part of the works for the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Kościerzyna — Gdańsk Port Lotniczy (Airport) — Gdańsk Wrzeszcz — Gdynia Główna
Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Kościerzyna — Gdańsk Osowa — Gdynia Główna
References
This article is based upon a translation of the Polish language version as of July 2016.
External links
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kartuzy County
Railway stations in Poland opened in 1938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%99biechowo%20railway%20station |
Train speed optimization, also known as Zuglaufoptimierung, is a system that reduces the need for trains to brake and accelerate, resulting in smoother and more efficient operation.
While train speed optimization needs some technical infrastructure, it is more of an operational concept than a technical installation. One can relatively easily implement train speed optimization using for instance cab signalling (e.g. using ETCS), but the presence of a cab signalling system does not necessarily mean that it uses train speed optimization. Train speed optimization may also be implemented using conventional signalling.
Conventional signal operation
Usually, trains are allowed to run at the maximum speed the track allows until the distant signal of next occupied block. This is inefficient in many cases, because this way the train comes to a halt in front of the red signal and has to accelerate again from zero.
Advantages using train speed optimization
If the train slows down much earlier, given the right timing, it reaches the distant signal just when the home signal switches to green, and so does not need to stop. Thus, wear on the brakes is reduced and the train uses less energy. But the main reason, especially for trains that accelerate slowly, is that the train passes the home signal at high speed, compared to the conventional case where the train often has to accelerate from standstill. This effectively increases track capacity, because the time it takes for the train to run from the distant signal (that has just turned green) to the home signal is often much less than the time it takes for a train to accelerate from the home signal.
Equipment
For a train speed optimization system to work, it is necessary to have a signalling system which is capable of displaying several different speeds, for instance 40, 60, 90 km/h and the full line speed, which also requires a train protection system that is able to handle these cases (cab signalling may replace these installations). Further, the track must be equipped with inductive loops that detect the presence of trains with sufficient precision (or other means of detecting the positions of the trains). Finally a computer system is needed that is able to reasonably predict the movements of the trains for the next few minutes.
Train speed optimization in practice
The expensive and complicated installations usually only make sense for heavily used routes.
Swiss Federal Railways:
Lenzburg-Killwangen (since 2000)
Zurich-Altstetten
Around Olten (installed 2004, current status unknown)
Probably other places (Zürich S-Bahn?)
External links
Train speed optimization: SBB's funnel into Zurich
Rail technologies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20speed%20optimization |
Sharp, Stewart and Company was a steam locomotive manufacturer, initially located in Manchester, England. The company was formed in 1843 upon the demise of Sharp, Roberts & Co.. It moved to Glasgow, Scotland, in 1888, eventually amalgamating with two other Glaswegian locomotive manufacturers to form the North British Locomotive Company.
Early days
Iron merchant Thomas Sharp and mechanical engineer Richard Roberts first formed a partnership, Sharp, Roberts & Co. (about which, see also company section in article on Roberts), to manufacture textile machinery and machine tools. They opened the Atlas Works in Manchester in 1828.
They had built a few stationary steam engines, and in 1833 built a locomotive, Experiment for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. It was a four-wheeled 2-2-0 with vertical cylinders over the leading wheels. After a number of modifications, three similar locomotives (Britannia, Manchester, and Hibernia) were built in 1834 for the Dublin and Kingstown Railway. Although they were relatively fast, the vertical cylinders meant they were too hard on the track at speed.
However, in 1834 Charles Beyer also joined the firm and contributed to its success in locomotive building as Roberts soon delegated most of the locomotive design work to him. A new 2-2-2 design was soon produced with horizontal inside cylinders under the smokebox and additional bearings to support the crank axle. Around 600 of these Sharp Single locomotives were built between 1837 and 1857. Ten of the first were sold to the Grand Junction Railway, with the "Sharpies" becoming a standard to compare with the "Bury" engines.
Sharp Brothers and Company
In 1843, Roberts left and the firm became Sharp Brothers and Company. Between 1846 and 1848 the company provided eight 2-2-2 passenger and two 0-4-2 goods locomotives to the Lynn and Dereham Railway. From 1851 to 1853 twenty engines were built for the London and North Western Railway to the design of James Edward McConnell, the so-called "Bloomers", subcontracted from Wolverton.
Sharp, Stewart and Company
In 1852, the senior partner, John Sharp, retired and was replaced by Charles Patrick Stewart, the name of the company changing to Sharp Stewart and Company. Thomas Sharp also retired and was succeeded by Stephen Robinson. In 1860 sole rights were obtained for Giffard's patent injector. The company acquired limited liability in 1864.
The company provided a number of 0-4-0 tender engines for the Furness Railway of which Number 20, built in 1863 has been restored to working order by the Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway in Cumbria. In 1862, the company began making larger engines, first some 4-6-0 saddle tank engines for the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. By 1865 they were building 0-8-0s, again for India.
Move to Glasgow
Since they were also dealing in general brass and ironmongery, and machine tools, it became necessary to move, which they did in 1888. They took over and moved to the works of the Clyde Locomotive Company in Springburn, Glasgow, renaming it Atlas Works.
A number of compounds were built for the Argentine Central Railway in 1889, some 4-4-0 and some 2-8-0. In 1892 they received an order for seventy five 4-4-0s and 0-6-0s from the Midland Railway. By now they had built a number of 4-6-0 engines for overseas railways, but in 1894 came their first Glasgow order for a British line, the "Jones Goods" of the Highland Railway. By the end of the century they were supplying railways at home and all over the world.
Between 1898 and 1901, Sharp Stewart and Company supplied no less than 16 4-6-0 and 4 4-8-0 locomotives to New Zealand Railways. The 4-8-0 B class locomotives survived till the end of steam either as-built, or as 4-6-4T engines of the We class. The 4-6-0 locomotives were dumped in rivers and on the coast as erosion protection when their time was up. 3 have since been salvaged for preservation.
North British
In 1903, having built over 5000 engines, the company amalgamated with Neilson, Reid and Company and Dübs and Company to form the North British Locomotive Company.
See also
:Category:Sharp Stewart locomotives
References and sources
References
Sources
Lowe, J.W., (1989) British Steam Locomotive Builders, Guild Publishing
Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies based in Manchester
Manufacturing companies based in Glasgow
Manufacturing companies based in Manchester
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1852
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1903
British companies established in 1852
British companies disestablished in 1903
Springburn
1852 establishments in England
1903 disestablishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp%2C%20Stewart%20and%20Company |
Daniel Pilon (November 13, 1940 – June 26, 2018) was a Canadian actor, known for his role on Dallas as Renaldo "Naldo" Marchetta.
Pilon was born in Montreal, Quebec. In addition to Dallas, he appeared in daytime soap operas such as Ryan's Hope, Guiding Light and Days of Our Lives.
Personal life
Pilon was born in Montreal, Quebec. He was the brother of actor Donald Pilon.
After his house was destroyed by the 1994 Northridge earthquake in January 1994, he declared his first bankruptcy in April 1994. That same year, he divorced his wife.
Pilon died in Montreal following a long illness on June 26th, 2018, according to his talent agency. He was 77.
Career
Pilon made his film debut in Le Viol d'une jeune fille douce, directed by Canadian director Gilles Carle.
Pilon was considered for the role of James Bond twice, in 1968 and in 1984.
Filmography
References
External links
1940 births
2018 deaths
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male soap opera actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
French Quebecers
Male actors from Montreal
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Pilon |
USS Fall River may refer to:
was a , commissioned in 1945 and decommissioned in 1947
is a
United States Navy ship names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Fall%20River |
This is a list of commercial or professional recordings of Johann Sebastian Bach's Goldberg Variations, organized chronologically. The list is sortable by clicking on the small arrows at the top of each column.
Without recording date – To be inserted in the list
Jörg Demus – mid-1950s – Westminster WL 5241 – piano
Ito Ema – MA Recordings M024A – digitally recorded February 1994
Zuzana Růžičková – Erato – ERA 9034 – Neupert (Mercier-Ythier) harpsichord
References
Discographies of compositions by J. S. Bach | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldberg%20Variations%20discography |
Elizabeth Toussaint (born September 25, 1962) is an American former actress and model. She is best known for her television performances.
Life and career
Before television roles, Toussaint worked as a model, and appeared in the 1984 music video for Bon Jovi's song "She Don't Know Me", Bob Seger's 1986 song "Like a Rock", and in the 1987 music video for SAGA's song "Only Time Will Tell". Additionally she appeared in the 1987 music video for the song "Big Mistake" by Peter Cetera.
From 1988 to 1989, she was a recurring cast member in the CBS primetime soap opera Dallas as Tracey Lawton, and from 1996 to 1997 in The WB primetime soap opera Savannah. Toussaint also appeared in Cheers, Star Trek: The Next Generation (as Ishara Yar in the episode "Legacy", 1990), Melrose Place, Matlock, Babylon 5 (episode "Revelations", 1994) and Martial Law. In July 2006, she appeared on The Young and the Restless playing Hope Wilson, in her final screen role to date.
Personal life
Toussaint is married to actor Jack Coleman. The couple have a daughter, born in 1999. Her parents are Leona and Maynard Toussaint, and she is the elder sister of writer David Toussaint.
Filmography
References
External links
1962 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from California
American film actresses
American people of French descent
American television actresses
American soap opera actresses
Female models from California
People from Pleasant Hill, California
Place of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth%20Toussaint |
Edward Winchester "Nobby" Clark (9 August 1902 – 28 April 1982) was a Northamptonshire and England cricketer of the inter-war period. He was regarded at the time as one of the best fast bowlers in England.
Talents and limitations
While Clark was playing for them, Northamptonshire was one of the weakest counties ever to play in the County Championship. Nonetheless, Clark was a bowler of genuine pace who could swing the ball in and make it break away to produce catches in the slips. He could also bowl, as Bill Voce did under Jardine, to a leg-side field, but was never as effective doing so. Like Voce, Clark often bowled round the wicket. At his best, "Nobby" Clark was the fastest professional bowler apart from Harold Larwood and his beautiful action enabled him to stand up to the considerable spells of work required of him given that Northamptonshire had little support in the field apart from Fred Bakewell at short leg.
However, his fiery temperament – he would get angry over even slight problems like broken footholds or missed chances – greatly reduced Clark's appeal to selectors for Test and other representative matches. "Nobby"'s extreme weakness as a batsman further reduced his chances of competing with players who were much better bats and could bowl almost as well. Between July 1925 and June 1927 Clark played sixty-five innings without reaching double figures and he never made more than 30 in a first-class innings.
Career
Clark was born near Peterborough and first played for Northamptonshire as a teenager in 1922 after success in Yorkshire League cricket. He came to prominence in 1925, when he took eleven wickets in a surprise win over Kent and was in the top twenty of the national averages. Despite playing in the 1928 Test Trial, injury meant he was not seriously in contention for a place on the Ashes tour.
In 1929, however, Clark recovered his form to miss 150 wickets by only one and play his first Test at Kennington Oval, where he was criticised for overdoing leg theory. The extreme financial difficulties faced by Northamptonshire – at one point the club was poised to exit the first-class arena – caused "Nobby" Clark to leave in July 1930 for league cricket. He returned to the county in 1932.
Clark, in early 1933, bowled as fast and as well as he ever had done. In the first match against the touring West Indians he took ten for 61 and in his first six matches 52 wickets for 574 runs. However, after that he was affected by injury but he still took eleven wickets in his two Tests and was chosen for the first Test-playing tour of India that winter.
Clark's 1934 season was again plagued by injury, but he was still regarded so highly that he played in two Tests against Australia. At Old Trafford he bowled well on one of the most docile of pitches but had no luck, but in the last Test at the Oval he took five for 98 including the valuable scalps of Brown, Ponsford, McCabe and Kippax. He also failed twice by the narrowest of margins to bowl Don Bradman.
In 1935 Clark was bowling for a Northamptonshire side growing weaker and weaker by the year: they lost thirteen consecutive matches in the second half of the season, in several of which "Nobby"'s bowling gave them the upper hand only for feeble batting to ruin their advantage. He would have played in the Old Trafford Test against the South Africans but for yet another injury, but, though he bowled well in an unfavourably wet summer in 1936, his age was already making it hard to maintain speed beyond a few overs and he was never considered for a Test place.
It was still a surprise, though, when Clark in 1937 declined so much apart from one haul of six for 29 against Essex that Northamptonshire, already so weak that they had not won any of their last 71 county matches, decided not to re-engage him. After the war in 1946, although he was forty-three, Northamptonshire surprisingly re-engaged "Nobby" and he showed himself still the fastest bowler for four or five overs in England. He was, however, quite naturally unable to bowl any long spell and consequently he did nothing exceptional. 1947 saw him play about half the matches before he retired for good as Northamptonshire's greatest-ever wicket-taker.
References
External links
Nobby Clark at ESPNcricinfo
1902 births
1982 deaths
England Test cricketers
English cricketers
Northamptonshire cricketers
People from Elton, Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Players cricketers
North v South cricketers
English cricketers of 1919 to 1945
L. H. Tennyson's XI cricket team | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobby%20Clark%20%28cricketer%29 |
The reciprocating chemical muscle (RCM) is a mechanism that takes advantage of the superior energy density of chemical reactions. It is a regenerative device that converts chemical energy into motion through a direct noncombustive chemical reaction.
Function
RCM is capable of generating autonomic wing beating from a chemical energy source. It can also be used to provide a small amount of electricity to the onboard control systems. It further helps in differential lift enhancement on the wings to achieve roll, pitch, and hence, steered flight. The RCM technique is particularly useful in the manufacturing of insect-like micro air vehicles. The first generation of RCMs was large and had a reciprocating frequency around 10 Hz. The later generations developed were very much smaller and lighter. Also, the reciprocating frequency of this generation RCM was as high as 60 Hz. The reciprocating chemical muscle was invented by Prof. Robert C. Michelson of the Georgia Tech Research Institute and implemented up through its fourth generation by Nino Amarena of ETS Laboratories.
Benefits
Particular benefits of the RCM are:
It requires no ignition source (thereby allowing it to work in explosive atmospheres).
It is independent of external oxidant (thereby allowing it to operate under water or in oxygen-free environments such as the lower atmosphere of the planet Mars).
It thermoelectrically generates electrical energy from its own exothermic metabolism.
It converts chemical potential energy directly into kinetic energy with greater energy density than batteries.
Mechanism
The reciprocating chemical muscle uses various monopropellants in the presence of specific catalysts to create gas from a liquid without combustion. This gas is used to drive reciprocating opposing cylinders (in the fourth-generation device) to produce sufficient motion (throw) with sufficient force and frequency to allow flapping-wing flight. As of 2004, the RCM had been demonstrated in the Georgia Tech Research Institute laboratory to achieve sufficient throw, force, and frequency for operation of a 50-gram entomopter while using high concentration (> 90%) hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a proprietary catalyst developed by ETS Laboratories.
Specific uses
The reciprocating chemical muscle was developed as a drive mechanism for the flapping wings of the entomopter. The RCM reuses energy many times before releasing it into its surroundings. First, it converts mainly heat energy into flapping-wing motion in the entomopter. Then, heat is scavenged for thermoelectric generation in support of ancillary systems. Waste gas from the chemical decomposition of the fuel is then used to create a frequency modulated continuous wave acoustic ranging signal that is Doppler insensitive (used for obstacle avoidance). Waste gas is then passed through an ejector to entrain external atmospheric gases to increase mass flow and decrease waste gas temperature so that lower-temperature components can be used downstream. Some waste gas is diverted into gas bearings for rotational and linear moving components. Finally, remaining waste gas is vectored into the wings where it is used for circulation-controlled lift augmentation (Coanda effect). Any remaining gas can be used for vectored thrust, but if the gas budgets are correctly designed, there should be no extra gas beyond the circulation control points. The features of the RCM are tailored to the entomopter to conserve energy.
References
External links
Robert C. Michelson: Entomopter Project
"Reciprocating Chemical Muscle (RCM) and Method for Using Same", U.S. Patent No. 6,446,909, September 10, 2002
Engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating%20Chemical%20Muscle |
Lisbon Story (; ) is a 1994 feature film directed by Wim Wenders. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. As part of Lisbon's programme as the European City of Culture in 1994, Wenders and three Portuguese filmmakers were invited to make a documentary about the city. The result was the fictional Lisbon Story.
Plot
Lisbon Story is partially a sequel to Wenders' 1982 film, The State of Things. The fictitious movie director in the previous film, Friedrich Munro, reappears, again played by Patrick Bauchau.
In Lisbon Story Friedrich has moved to Lisbon, Portugal (the country where The State of Things was set). The principal character, Philip Winter (Rüdiger Vogler), a sound engineer, receives a postcard invitation from Friedrich to come to Lisbon to record sounds of the capital city for his forthcoming film. On arriving, Winter finds Friedrich's house occupied with his film editing equipment and many reels of film, but the director is nowhere to be found. Some children who apparently work with him indicate he will return, but don't know when. This sets in motion Winter's quest to find the missing Friedrich.
The sound engineer doesn't meet up with the director until the end of the movie, when it materialises that, disturbed by the commercialization of images, he had set out to capture what he terms the "unseen image" of the city, one devoid of the subjective view (executed by strapping a rolling camera onto his back, or carried about unaimed in plastic bags with holes cut for the lens), and then shown to no one, lest the source of the photo "die" with their viewing. This is after giving up on his initial project shot using an early hand-cranked motion picture camera, what he calls "pretending that the whole history of cinema had never happened." After this meeting, Winter leaves his own message for Friedrich using sound, his medium, and convinces him to continue his original project using the old-fashioned camera and his sound, together.
A semi-non-fictional aspect of the plot is the appearance of the internationally famous Portuguese folk music group Madredeus and Manoel de Oliveira.
Homage to The Road Movie Trilogy
During the mid-1970s, Wim Wenders made three films which critics have called The Road Movie Trilogy. Lisbon Story pays subtle homage to these films. The sound engineer in Lisbon Story, Philip Winter, has the same name and is played by the same actor (Rüdiger Vogler) as the lead character in Alice in the Cities (1974), though the character Phil Winter was a writer in the first film. The name Winter is repeated in Kings of the Road (1976), also starring Vogler, although his full name in Kings is Bruno Winter and he is a projection-equipment mechanic.
Featured cast
Reception
In Portugal, the film was the fourth most popular Portuguese film in 1995 with admissions of 16,000.
References
External links
Official Website
Lisbon Story at AllMovie
Lisbon Story at Rotten Tomatoes
Deep Focus Review
1994 films
1990s musical drama films
German drama road movies
1990s German-language films
1990s English-language films
English-language German films
1990s Portuguese-language films
1990s drama road movies
Films about filmmaking
Films directed by Wim Wenders
Films produced by Paulo Branco
Films set in Lisbon
Films scored by Jürgen Knieper
1994 drama films
Films shot in Portugal
1990s German films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon%20Story%20%281994%20film%29 |
The Mayor of Newark is the head of the executive branch of government of Newark, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint deputy mayors, department heads, and aides; and approve or veto ordinances passed by the Municipal Council.
Newark, New Jersey, was founded in 1666 and became a township on October 31, 1693, and granted a Royal charter on April 27, 1713. It was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, and reincorporated as city in 1836. The city is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council Plan C form of local government, which became effective as of July 1, 1954, after the voters of the city passed a referendum held on November 3, 1953.
The Mayor of Newark is elected for a four-year term. Municipal elections (for mayor and Municipal Council) are nonpartisan and are held on the 2nd Tuesday in May. The 2018 Newark mayoral election took place on May 8, 2018.
The current mayor Ras Baraka was first elected in the Newark mayoral election on May 13, 2014.
Mayors
See also
List of elected officials in Newark, New Jersey
2014 Newark mayoral election
History of Newark, New Jersey
References
Newark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mayors%20of%20Newark%2C%20New%20Jersey |
Iris cysts are hollow cavities in the eye filled with secretion. They come in various sizes, numbers, shapes, pigments and can be free-floating, attached to the pupillary margin or within the posterior chamber. Most frequently iris cysts don't cause any issues, but they can cause problems like: “fly biting” behavior, corneal endothelial pigment, lens capsular pigmentation, altered iris movement, decreased aqueous outflow with subsequent glaucoma or block the vision when grown too big. They can be acquired or innate. Possible causes are inflammation, drug-induced, uveitis, a trauma, tumor-induced, parasitic or implantation. Most frequently iris cysts are benign and need no treatment. Sometimes iris cysts are causing problems and need to be deflated. Iris cysts can be treated with trans corneal diode laser treatment, fine-needle aspiration or surgical excision. For the treatment of iris cysts is a conservative approach favored.
Introduction
Mackenzie diagnosed the first iris cyst in 1830, which was a posttraumatic iris cyst in the anterior chamber. Because of the wide variety of iris cysts, a categorization was needed. This categorization was proposed by Shields in 1981 and was based on 2 main groups: primary and secondary cyst. Primary cysts origin is neuroepithelial, and rarely causes any issue. Primary cysts can be subcategorized based on their location in the eye. However, secondary cysts can cause problems like decreased vision, secondary glaucoma, uveitis or corneal edema and origin from implantation, metastasis, miotics or parasites. Secondary cysts are further categorized based on their origin.
Brief overview of the anatomy of the iris
The iris is a thin circular structure in the eye which consists of two layers, on top is the stroma and underneath the pigmented epithelial cells. It separates the eye in the anterior and posterior chamber, is responsible for the eye's color, and its function is to regulate the size of the pupil. By controlling the size of the pupil it regulates the amount of light reaching the retina. Depending on the amount of light, the iris opens with high intensity light and closes with low intensity light. The iris is able to control the size of the pupil due to radial and circular muscles which attach to the stroma. The circular muscle, sphincter muscle, contracts in a circular motion, making the pupil smaller, but by contracting the radial muscles, dilator muscles, the pupil enlarges.
Primary cyst
The classification of primary cysts is according to the categorization of Shields. The origin of primary cysts is neuroepithelial. Primary cysts are rarely causing any problems, fluid-filled and have smooth surfaces. They are subcategorized according to their location in the eye. Pupillary cysts, also central cysts, are located from the pupillary margin to the iris root, midzonal cysts are located from the iris root to the ciliary body, and peripheral cysts are located at the iridociliary sulcus. Free-floating cysts can occur in the anterior and vitreous chamber and are usually dislodged epithelium cysts.
Cysts of the iris stroma are anteriorly located and as they develop, they usually cause deformation of the iris and need treatment. Especially the congenital secondary cysts require often treatment. They are usually unilateral and solitary. Acquired secondary cysts, on the other hand, require very rarely treatment and often occur at a later age.
Secondary cyst
Secondary cysts are usually unilateral and solitary and have a smooth surface. Secondary cysts may obstruct the eye's vision, cause intraocular pressure or iris displacement. The categorization of secondary cysts is categorized according Shields categorization. Secondary cysts are classified into 6 subcategories.
Implantation cysts are the most common secondary cysts. They can originate from a surgical trauma or a penetrating wound. An invasion of conjunctival or corneal epithelial cells creates the cyst.
Drug-induced cysts are related with the use of miotics or latanoprost but can get smaller after stopping inducing the drug.
Uveitic cysts can arise when the eye is or has been inflamed.
Tumor-induced secondary cysts are caused by a tumor.
The rarest iris cyst is the parasitic cyst, which can develop with the presence of a parasite.
At last secondary cysts can be caused by a systematic disorder like: diabetes mellitus, Menkes syndrome or malignancies.
Diagnosis
Iris cyst must be differentiated from other kinds of possible “bodies” in the eye. After the body has been established as an iris cyst, it must be categorized as primary or secondary. It is necessary to differentiate secondary cysts even further. Clinical examination can achieve this differentiation with the use of multimodal imaging techniques like UBM, ultrasound B-scan (USB), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (as-OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging.
Clinical presentation
Primary cysts come in various sizes and number but are usually fluid-filled, with regular borders and a smooth surface. The iris could be slightly displaced anteriorly because of a primary cyst, but normally no problems occur with primary cysts. Secondary cysts cause most of the times problems, and thus also need treatment. Secondary cysts usually have a rough surface, irregular borders, solitary and unilateral. Possible problems could be displacement of the iris, iritis and raised intraocular pressure.
A clinician should also be able to tell the difference between a cyst and a tumor. The main differences are that cysts usually cause displacement or the iris whereas a tumor arises and grows into the iris stroma. In the presence of an intrinsic or sentinel vessel than you probably have to deal with a tumor. The last main difference can be shown with transillumination, since transillumination always creates a shadow with a tumor but almost never with a cyst.
Ultrasound B-scan (USB)
Ultrasound B-scan (USB) uses wavelengths of 10-20 MHz to form an image of the eye. USB can be used to identify the extension of the iris cyst in either the anterior or posterior chamber. It can also be used to identify midzonal cysts behind the iris and to determine whether there is ciliary body involvement. The preferred method to determine ciliary body involvement, however, is not USB but ultrasound biomicroscopy.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)
Ultrasound biomicroscopy, (UBM) has a higher resolution than USB and it also uses soundwaves with a higher frequency from 50 to 100 MHz. UBM is used for the identification of thin ultrastructure's and for internal echogenicity of cysts. Due to the high resolution small cysts can easily be distinguished, multilocated cysts are easy to find and it is easier to determine whether the cyst is bilateral. The only disadvantage of UBM is its limited penetration. Despite this disadvantage, UBM is still the golden standard for the diagnosis of iris cysts.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT)
AS-OCT has the highest resolution of all diagnosis methods but it has a major disadvantage. AS-OCT creates a heavy shadowing caused by the iris pigment epithelium regarding iris lesions. AS-OCT is used to show the anterior border of an iris lesion. The internal structure of the cyst and what is behind the cyst, however, is not that clear due to heavy shadowing. That is why UBM is preferred over AS-OCT, the borders will be less visible but with UBM the whole structure of the cyst and the surrounding tissues is shown.
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
Fine-needle aspiration, FNA, is only used if every other method has failed to establish what kind of cyst it is and if it is presumably a solid tumor. FNA is used as a last diagnosis method because it is the most invasive method since the eye has to be penetrated with a needle. FNA has been very successful with differentiating tumors with cystic spaces, like melanomas, adenomas or metastatic tumors. FNA can also be used as a treatment.
Other ancillary procedures
MRI is not used as a diagnosis method by itself. It is more used as a method to gain some extra information about the cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging can establish very well whether the cyst is in contact or attached to the sclera or whether the cyst is a primary tumor.
Treatment options
Observation
The preferred treatment option is observation, since most iris cysts do not hurt or cause any pressure. A veterinarian however prefers to check the cyst from time to time to make sure that the cyst does not grow and does not cause any problems or pain. If the cyst is growing, causing pain or some issues over time, then the cyst will need another treatment.
Fine-needle aspiration
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is, as discussed earlier, also a diagnosis method but can also be used as a treatment. With FNA a very fine needle is inserted in the eye in the cyst. The purpose of the needle is to penetrate the membrane of the cyst, so that the cyst will deflate. This method has proven to be successful but there is a possibility that the cyst will not disappear fully but only shrink. If the cyst has shrunk enough that it is not causing any pain or trouble anymore, then a second treatment might not be necessary. But if the cyst is still causing an issue after the treatment, the treatment must be repeated, or another method has to be used.
Intracystic injection of absolute alcohol
Intracystic injection of absolute alcohol has proven to be a very effective method. The alcohol gets injected in the cyst through a needle which is penetrating the eye from outside into the cyst. The injection of the alcohol regresses the cyst or will at least stabilize it. It can take a few weeks before the cyst has disappeared fully. A common side effect of this method is an inflammation in the anterior chamber, but this can easily be treated with topical steroids (cream or gel with anti-inflammatory properties).
Antimitotic agents
Antimitotic agents are used mainly when a cyst is resistant to all other treatments apart from surgery, since surgery is the last resort. Antimitotic agents are injected into the cyst and left inside for 5 minutes; after 5 minutes the agents are rinsed out. Antimitotic agents have the side effect of creating a small inflammation which can easily be treated with topical steroids. Antimitotic agents stop the mitose of the cells of the cyst by interfering with a particular phase of the cell cycle, which stops the cyst from growing and will eventually kill the cells and thus the cyst.
Laser therapy
Laser therapy is a treatment which has to be repeated several times. The treatment gets repeated every week until the cyst is gone. Despite not having the highest success rate it is nowadays the most preferred treatment against iris cyst because it is the least invasive method since the eye doesn't need to be punctured or cut. Two kinds of laser beams can be used for laser therapy: thermal (diode or argon laser) and Nd:YAG laser. Sometimes both methods are combined for a better result since thermal laser can harden the cyst and stop the intracystic fluid production and Nd:YAG can perforate the cyst membrane and drain the cyst.
Surgical
Surgery is considered to be the last resort because surgery has the highest chance at complications. The surgical approach depends on where the cyst is located, how big the cyst is and the number of cysts.
The stepwise minimally invasive strategy
There are many options when treating an iris cyst. Mentioned above are the most used treatments but in the past there have been other methods but they haven't been successful enough to be still used today. A clinician has to consider a lot of things when choosing a treatment. The golden rule when treating iris cysts however is to choose the least invasive method. That means that cysts which are not causing any problems will not be treated but observed. The least invasive treatment is laser therapy and is, therefore, also the preferred method to treat an iris cyst. Depending on the kind of cyst, the clinician will choose either antimitotic agents or AS-OCT, if laser has failed or if laser is not possible. It is unlike that FNA will be used due to its low potential for removing the cyst. Surgery is the most invasive method and the one with the highest chance of complications. That is why surgery is the last resort.
References
Dog diseases
Disorders of iris and ciliary body | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris%20cyst |
Bradley Joseph Thompson (born January 31, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals and Kansas City Royals from 2005 to 2010.
Career
Thompson was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 16th round of the 2002 amateur draft out of Dixie State College of Utah. He holds the AA single-season scoreless innings streak. He made his major league debut on May 8, 2005. In his rookie season, he had 40 appearances and a 2.95 ERA in 55 innings pitched. On July 3, 2006, Thompson was sent down to the Cardinals' AAA affiliate, the Memphis Redbirds.
In 2007, Thompson, who had been in and out of the Cardinals' starting rotation, finished with an 8–6 record and a 4.73 ERA to go with 53 strikeouts. In 2008, he pitched 6.2 scoreless innings and picked up the win in his first start. He was then optioned to Memphis on April 23, 2008, then released on November 4, 2009.
Thompson signed with the Kansas City Royals for the 2010 season but was released on June 3 when he chose to become a free agent after he was designated for assignment. He then signed with the Houston Astros but was released in August.
He was injured for the 2011 season and played winter baseball in the Dominican Republic to get ready for the 2012 season.
The Minnesota Twins signed him to a minor league contract on January 19, 2012; he pitched for their AAA affiliate, The Rochester Red Wings.
Thompson currently co-hosts The Fast Lane, a sports radio show in St. Louis, on 101 ESPN with Anthony Stalter and Jamie Rivers and serves as a color commentator and analyst for Bally Sports Midwest.
Personal life
Thompson married his wife, Andrea Kotys Thompson, in 2008. They reside in St. Louis, Missouri with their son and daughter.
References
External links
1982 births
Utah Tech Trailblazers baseball players
Living people
Major League Baseball pitchers
Sportspeople from the Las Vegas Valley
St. Louis Cardinals players
Kansas City Royals players
Palm Beach Cardinals players
Peoria Chiefs players
Memphis Redbirds players
Tennessee Smokies players
Omaha Royals players
Bridgeport Bluefish players
New Britain Rock Cats players
Somerset Patriots players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
St. Louis Cardinals announcers
Baseball players from Las Vegas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%20Thompson |
Bat-fowling is an archaic method of catching birds at night, while they are at roost. The process involves lighting straw or torches near their roost. After awakening them from their roost, the birds fly toward the flames, where, being amazed, they are easily caught in nets, or beaten with bats. The phrase "beating about the bush" is said to be derived from this practice as the trapper's accomplices would go around the bushes to disturb the birds. The practice was also called lanciatoia in Italy and a variation was called low-belling. The low-belling process involves approaching birds with bright lights and using cow bells, which the birds were accustomed to, to approach the birds up close and capture them with a long-handled net.
References
Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (page 90).
Hunting methods
Fowling
Bird mortality | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat-fowling |
Ghostface (alternatively stylized as Ghost Face or GhostFace) is a fictional identity that is adopted by the primary antagonists of the Scream franchise. The figure was originally created by Kevin Williamson, and is primarily mute in person but voiced over the phone by Roger L. Jackson, regardless of who is behind the mask (as all killers use a voice changer utilizing that exact voice, starting in person with Scream 2). The disguise has been adopted by various characters in the movies and in the third season of the television series.
Ghostface first appeared in Scream (1996) as a disguise used by teenagers Billy Loomis (Skeet Ulrich) and Stu Macher (Matthew Lillard), during their killing spree in the fictional town of Woodsboro. The mask was a popular Halloween costume created and designed by Fun World costume company before being chosen by Marianne Maddalena and Craven for the film. The identity is used primarily as a disguise for the antagonists of each film to conceal their identities while conducting serial murders, and as such has been portrayed by several actors.
In the Scream universe, the costume is not unique and is easily obtainable, allowing others to wear a similar outfit. Ghostface often calls their targets to taunt or threaten them while using a voice changer that hides their true identity. In Scream 3, this is taken further when Ghostface uses a device that enables him to sound like several other characters, in order to manipulate targets. The changing identity of the person beneath the mask means that Ghostface has no definite motivation, ranging from revenge and seeking fame to peer pressure. In the first three movies, each killer shares the common goal of killing Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell) due to a chain of events that started when Sidney's estranged half-brother, Roman Bridger (Scott Foley), told Billy his father had had an affair with Sidney's mother Maureen (Lynn McRee). In the fourth movie, the killers are jealous of Sidney's notoriety and plan to kill her so they too can become famous. From the fifth film onwards, the focus shifts to Billy's daughter, Samantha "Sam" Carpenter (Melissa Barrera) and her half-sister, Tara (Jenna Ortega), who are targeted due to their connection to Billy. In these later installments, the new Ghostface killers have motives that may sometimes be connected to the in-universe Stab film series, loose adaptations of the tell-all books about previous Ghostface killings by Gale Weathers (Courteney Cox), with Sam also assuming the Ghostface mantle herself in order to kill other Ghostfaces.
The Ghostface persona remains the same throughout the Scream series, featuring a black hood and cloak with a jagged base and a white rubber mask resembling a ghost with an anguish expression. Though each iteration of Ghostface is human, they often exhibit extreme durability against physical harm, high levels of physical strength, and an almost supernatural stealth ability, able to appear and disappear in seemingly impossible situations. The character has become a popular culture icon since its inception, referenced in film and television as well as spawning a series of action figures and merchandise, as well as parodies and titular spoofs.
In the 2015–2016 television series Scream, Ghostface is adapted as the Lakewood Slasher, who appeared in the series for the first two seasons, and the Shallow Grove Slasher, who appeared in the Halloween special episodes of the second season; both are voiced by Mike Vaughn, with a different mask due to copyright issues. The original Ghostface persona returned in Scream: Resurrection, once again voiced by Roger L. Jackson, replacing Vaughn. In the movies, Ghostface has appeared in all entries to date, returning most recently in Scream VI, with Jackson reprising his role, now credited as "The Voice".
Appearances
Films
Ghostface first appears in the opening scene of Scream (1996). The character, voiced by Roger L. Jackson, calls and taunts teenager Casey Becker (Drew Barrymore) with horror clichés and trivia questions, eventually murdering her boyfriend Steve Orth (Kevin Patrick Walls) and then her. The identity has been adopted by the primary antagonists of each successive film to conceal their identities, prior to being revealed in each film's final act.
In the original Scream, the identity is used by a killer stalking the fictional town of Woodsboro, California. After the murder spree begins, Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell) begins receiving taunting and threatening phone calls from Ghostface, who claims knowledge of her mother Maureen Prescott (Lynn McRee)'s brutal rape and murder, one year prior to the events of the film, a murder that was blamed on Cotton Weary (Liev Schreiber). The Ghostface disguise allows suspicion to fall on many people, including Sidney's boyfriend, Billy Loomis (Skeet Ulrich); her father, Neil Prescott (Lawrence Hecht); her friend, Randy Meeks (Jamie Kennedy); and her schoolmate, Stu Macher (Matthew Lillard). Ghostface is revealed in the finale as both Billy and Stu, who reveal that they murdered Sidney's mother and framed Cotton. Billy cites his motivation as abandonment by his mother, brought about by his father's affair with Maureen, while Stu cites "peer pressure". As the two killers reveal their plan to frame Sidney's father for their killing spree, reporter Gale Weathers (Courteney Cox) suddenly appears and attempts to shoot them with their gun, only for Billy to knock her out and prepare to kill her, only to suddenly realize that while Gale was confronting them, Sidney managed to escape. Sidney ultimately turns the tables against Billy and Stu, temporarily adopting the Ghostface persona herself to taunt them with a phone call, revealing that she called the police on them and thus foiled their plan to get away with their killing spree, leaving the two killers shocked, horrified, and enraged. Briefly dressing up as Ghostface, Sidney attacks and knocks out Billy with an umbrella and then engages in a fight with Stu, ultimately killing him by dropping a television on his head. Gale shoots Billy to stop him from killing Sidney, who then finishes Billy off with a bullet to the head, citing the fact that "They ALWAYS come back," a common horror cliché, and now her catchphrase. This is most likely one of the many tropes taught to her by Randy Meeks, who is obsessed with horror and openly lists these clichés earlier in the film during a party.
Ghostface's second appearance was in Scream 2 (1997) where it was again used as a disguise by the main antagonists. A series of murders occur at Windsor College, Sidney's current location, with the initial victims sharing names with Billy and Stu's victims from Scream. The killers again taunt Sidney and attempt to kill her, and later kill Randy. The Ghostface disguise allows suspicion to fall on several characters, including Cotton again, and Sidney's boyfriend Derek Feldman (Jerry O'Connell). However, Mickey Altieri (Timothy Olyphant), a friend of Derek, reveals himself as the killer, seeking fame for his prolific exploits. Mickey's accomplice is revealed to be Billy's mother (Laurie Metcalf), under the alias Debbie Salt, who is seeking revenge against Sidney for her son's death, while showing unwillingness to accept her own faults as a mother which included abandoning Billy, which Sidney points out during their confrontation. Mrs. Loomis shoots Mickey, claiming to have indulged his desire for fame only to enlist his help in enacting her revenge, and tries to kill Sidney, only for Sidney to fight back. Just as Mrs. Loomis ultimately prepares to kill Sidney, Cotton suddenly arrives, and Mrs. Loomis tries to manipulate him into letting her kill Sidney, but to her shock, she fails to do so and Cotton instead shoots Mrs. Loomis in the neck. Seconds later, Mickey springs to his feet screaming but is quickly shot to death by Gale and Sidney. Sidney then shoots Mrs. Loomis in the head, saying "just in case".
In Scream 3 (2000), a new Ghostface killer murders Cotton and his girlfriend Christine Hamilton (Kelly Rutherford) in an attempt to discover the now-hidden Sidney's location. The killer murders the cast of "Stab 3", the film within a film based on Sidney and her experiences with Ghostface, while leaving images of Maureen at the crime scenes to draw Sidney out of seclusion. Ghostface is revealed as Sidney's half-brother, film director Roman Bridger (Scott Foley), born to their mother Maureen during a two-year period when she moved to Hollywood to become an actress under the name Rina Reynolds. After being gang-raped and impregnated at a party, she gave Roman up for adoption; Roman sought her out years later, only to be rejected, telling him that he's Rina's child. Roman began stalking Maureen and filming her relationships with other men, including Hank Loomis. He used this footage to reveal to Billy why his mother had abandoned him before convincing him to kill Maureen, sparking the chain of events in Scream and Scream 2. As Roman rants on his motive and desire to frame and kill Sidney for "stealing the life she took from him", Sidney shuts him up, saying that she's heard those rants before from other killers and that he simply kills people because he chose to, provoking an enraged Roman into fighting Sidney, which she eventually wins by outsmarting Roman and stabbing him in the back and chest, while Gale and Dewey Riley (David Arquette) arrive shortly after and discover his identity, ruining Roman's plans of framing Sidney for his crimes. A defeated Roman briefly connects with Sidney by holding her hand, but then attempts to attack once more. Dewey manages to ultimately kill Roman with Sidney's help, ending the series of murders based on his revenge against Maureen.
In the director's commentary, the Stab 3 "Sidney Prescott" actress Angelina Tyler (Emily Mortimer) is revealed to have been a second killer and Roman's lover, with the scenes revealing her survival and true allegiances after apparently being killed by Ghostface having been cut; Wes Craven elaborated that an earlier scene in the film where Sidney came across Angelina wearing Ghostface gear in her dressing room, which Angelina had passed off as still wearing due to just having come off of set, was Sidney unknowingly actually having caught Angelina in the act of changing into her Ghostface gear, furthermore leaving it ambiguous as to whether or not Angelina was actually dead or could return; in the subsequent Scream Trilogy box set booklet, Angelina is not listed among the deceased characters after the events of Scream 3. However, this is contradicted in a scene in Scream VI, listing Roman Bridger as the only Ghostface in the Hollywood killings. Ghostface is also voiced by Foley, Schreiber, Lynn McRee, Campbell, Cox, David Arquette, Beth Toussaint, and Ulrich via a voice changer used to impersonate them.
In Scream 4 (2011), another Ghostface killer emerges in Woodsboro on the 15th anniversary of the massacre conducted by Billy and Stu; the new killer recreates events from the incident but also films the murders to create a snuff film. Ghostface kills several teenagers and police officers before being unmasked as Sidney's cousin Jill Roberts (Emma Roberts) and her friend Charlie Walker (Rory Culkin), who intend to kill Sidney, frame Jill's ex-boyfriend Trevor Sheldon (Nico Tortorella), and become the current generation's "Sidney Prescott" and "Randy Meeks" with the accompanying fame of being the "survivors" of the massacre, as Jill was jealous of Sidney's experiences with Ghostface. Jill betrays Charlie and stabs him through the heart, wishing to become the sole survivor, and after admitting to Sidney that she really is a sick, evil woman who was willing to kill her own mother Kate (Mary McDonnell) to get what she wants, declaring that "sick is the new sane", she then seemingly kills Sidney before purposely injuring and stabbing herself to make herself appear a victim of Ghostface. After being taken to the hospital, Jill's plans end up backfiring when Dewey informs her that Sidney has survived. An enraged Jill makes a desperate attempt to kill Sidney, but is stalled by Dewey, Gale, and Judy Hicks (Marley Shelton) long enough for Sidney to electrocute her on the head with a defibrillator, saying that Jill forgot the first rule of remakes, "Don't fuck with the original". An injured Jill attempts to stab Sidney with a piece of broken glass in a last-ditch attempt to finish her off, but Sidney anticipates this and shoots Jill through the heart, finally killing her, while Jill's status as the "sole surviving hero" ultimately becomes short-lived.
In Scream (2022), 25 years after the original Woodsboro massacre, a new Ghostface killer strikes by attacking a young girl named Tara Carpenter (Jenna Ortega) at her house, leaving her hospitalized, while Tara's estranged sister, Sam Carpenter (Melissa Barrera), who is revealed to be the illegitimate daughter of the original Ghostface killer Billy Loomis, arrives at Woodsboro to protect Tara. Immediately after Sam's arrival, Ghostface continues to attack and kill more people, with the initial victims being people related to Billy and Stu's original killing spree, and manages to ultimately kill Dewey, causing Sidney and Gale to join Sam and Tara as they attempt to put an end to the killings to avenge Dewey. Ghostface is later revealed to be both Sam's boyfriend Richie Kirsch (Jack Quaid) and Tara's friend Amber Freeman (Mikey Madison), who are revealed to be two obsessive and toxic fans of the in-universe horror film series Stab. Having been disappointed with recent installments (including one directed by Rian Johnson), they chose to commit a killing spree in the hopes of inspiring a real-life "requel" (half reboot, half sequel) of the franchise, believing they're "real fans" that can save the Stab franchise by "restoring" it to its normal formula, while intending to frame Sam for their crimes. In the ensuing confrontation, Amber fights against Sidney and Gale, who ultimately gain the upper hand, and Gale shoots Amber as she pleads for mercy, causing her to fall straight into a burning kitchen stove and be set on fire. As Richie pursues Sam while gloating that "villains like Sam die at the end", Sam introduces a new rule to Richie, "Never fuck with the daughter of a serial killer", and violently stabs Richie in the exact same manner of Ghostface stabbing a victim. As a wounded and frightened Richie pleads for his life and asks about "his ending", Sam fatally slashes his throat, and then shoots Richie in the head to make sure he doesn't "come back". A horribly-burnt Amber resurfaces to attack the group once more, but is ultimately shot in the head by Tara. It is later revealed in the next movie that in spite of Gale writing a book about the recent events despite her promise not to, a film adaptation of the book is not set to be made, officially destroying Richie and Amber's plan.
In Scream VI (2023), one year later, a new Ghostface killer arrives in New York City, killing two film students, Jason Carvey (Tony Revolori) and his best friend Greg Bruckner (Thom Newell), just as they attempted to start a Ghostface spree of their own to finish "Richie's film". Ghostface then begins to specifically target Sam, who has moved to New York with Tara and their surviving friends and is currently ostracized in public due to an online rumor claiming that Sam was the mastermind of the recent Woodsboro killing spree, and also targets anyone else close to Sam and kills innocent people that stand in Ghostface's way, while leaving other Ghostface masks at the crime scenes. Eventually, Sam and the group, including a survivor of the 2011 killing spree, Kirby Reed (Hayden Panettiere), lure Ghostface to an abandoned cinema containing various pieces of evidence in lockup from past Ghostface killings to make a Ghostface shrine, and in the ensuing confrontation, Ghostface is revealed to be three people, police detective Wayne Bailey (Dermot Mulroney) and two of the group's roommates, Ethan (Jack Champion) and Quinn (Liana Liberato). The three reveal themselves to be Richie's family, who desire to get revenge on the one who killed him, spreading rumors of Sam being the mastermind of the previous murders to assassinate her character, and then killing Sam after framing her for their crimes, while also having killed Jason and Greg to prevent their plans from interfering with their own. As the Bailey family corners Sam and Tara, Bailey angrily declares that anyone who was responsible for his son's death and "messed with the Bailey family" must suffer and die, and tries to force Sam into putting on her father's mask so she can die as a killer like her father Billy. However, Sam and Tara ultimately gain the upper hand after Sam taunts them with the fact that Richie never managed to kill a lot of victims himself (Amber committed the majority of the murders), before having died cowardly and pleading for his life. In the ensuing fight, Tara seriously wounds Ethan by stabbing him in the mouth and Sam kills Quinn by shooting her in the head, while Bailey is knocked unconscious. When he wakes up, Bailey finds himself receiving a phone call from Ghostface, who taunts him over his motives and soon emerges to attack, causing Bailey to immediately become frightened and plead for his life (like Richie) just as Ghostface stabs a screaming Bailey multiple times, before unmasking herself as Sam. Sam considers letting Wayne live, declaring to him that she's better than her father Billy as he was nothing but a selfish murderer, but ultimately throws Bailey's motive onto him by reminding him that he "messed with her family", and ultimately kills Bailey by stabbing him in the eye. Soon after, a wounded Ethan attempts to attack once more, only for Kirby to push a damaged TV (the same one that killed Stu Macher years ago) onto Ethan's head, killing him.
Television series
Ghostface made an appearance in the third season of the anthology television slasher series Scream. The season, titled Scream: Resurrection, premiered on VH1 on July 8, 2019. In this season, the killers are revealed in the episode "Endgame": Beth (Giorgia Whigham) and Jamal "Jay" Elliot (Tyga).
Video games
Ghostface is featured as a killer in the asymmetrical multiplayer survival horror game, Dead by Daylight, voiced by Filip Ivanovic. He was added in the Ghost Face DLC released on June 18, 2019, under the alias "The Ghost Face." In the game, Ghostface's real identity is Danny Johnson, known by the pseudonym Jed Olsen, a narcissistic freelancer newspaper journalist in the fictional town of Roseville, Florida, who covers the Ghostface murders by day and commits them by night. This version of Ghostface is an original character who was created exclusively for the game and has no relation to the Scream franchise. This is because the developers were only able to acquire the license for the Scream mask, which is separate from the one for the character, as the films used a pre-existing mask. Players can access different styles of the mask for Ghostface in Dead by Daylight.
Ghostface appears as a playable operator in Season Six of Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War and Call of Duty: Warzone. Roger L. Jackson reprises his role as the voice of Ghostface.
In April 2022, Ghostface was added in an update as a free playable skin for a limited time in the online multiplayer social deduction game Among Us.
Concept and creation
The Ghostface costume is the outfit worn by the main antagonists of the Scream franchise, consisting of a rubber white mask with black eyes, nose, and mouth and black, cloth-like material; a hooded robe, with faux-tatters draping from the arms; and a spiked trim to the base of the outfit. In the movie, the costume is considered common and easily purchasable, making identifying the buyers difficult and creating the possibility for anyone to be the killer.
The Ghostface mask was first developed for novelty stores during the Halloween season between 1991 and 1992 by Fun World, as part of a series entitled "Fantastic Faces", the mask itself known as "The Peanut-Eyed Ghost", with the final design approved by Fun World vice-President Allan Geller; the design was adapted from a "wailer" ghost mask created by Alterian, Inc. artist Loren Gitthens in 1990 and 1991. Craven claimed to have originally found the mask but later clarified that he had misremembered the event and that it was producer Marianne Maddalena who discovered it. She found it while inside a house during location scouting for the film and brought it to the attention of Craven, who set about trying to obtain the rights to use it. Fun World licensing director R.J. Torbert joined Fun World in 1996 and was given the task of naming the mask prior to its film debut, deciding on "GhostFace" with the blessing of Fun World owners Stanley and Allan Geller. Torbert felt it looked like a "ghost in pain", believing it to be a unique design. The Ghostface design and title are owned by Fun World.
The design of the mask bears reference to Edvard Munch's painting The Scream, the film poster to Pink Floyd's The Wall, the ghostly characters that appeared in the 1930s Betty Boop cartoons, and Season 1 Scooby Doo Where Are You ghosts in the episode “A Night Of Fright Is No Delight”. The mask is stark white and depicts a caricature of someone screaming and crying at the same time. Designer Sleiertin stated that the mask displayed different emotions, "It's a horrible look, it's a sorry look, it's a frantic look". Since the appearance of Ghostface in Scream, the costume has become the most worn and sold costume for Halloween in the United States.
The initial script labeled the main antagonist as "masked killer" with no specifications to its appearance, forcing Craven and his staff to produce the costume eventually worn by Ghostface as they were shooting. Craven asked Greg Nicotero and Howard Berger of design company KNB Effects to produce a mask specifically for the film based on the Fun World design, but did not like the final result. After Fun World and Dimension Films were able to complete an agreement for the use of the Ghostface mask, Craven was able to use the original design as he wanted. The custom mask made by KNB Effects still appears in the scenes involving the murders of Casey Becker and Principal Himbry, as filming of these scenes completed prior to the finalization of the deal between Fun World and Dimension Films.
The 1991–92 "Fantastic Faces" edition of the mask used in Scream is made of thin, white rubber with blackened eyes, nose, and mouth. Despite being fictionally a character in the movie cast, in the first, second, and fourth films, the costume was most often worn by stunt performer Dane Farwell, who gave the character specific characteristics such as cleaning the knife after killing, also giving the stature and a unique movement to the character. In the first film, Craven wore the costume during the opening murder scene, where the character is struck by a phone, and by Ulrich only once during a finale scene, where the character prepares to murder Randy. Despite Stu wearing the costume in the film, actor Lillard never actually wore the outfit. Scream 2 features a slightly redesigned version of the mask from the "Fearsome Faces" line, possessing slightly-altered eyes and an indented chin. Following Scream 2, the Ghostface mask became part of the "Ghostface" line of masks featuring several variations of the design including glow-in-the-dark models. The plain, white version of the Ghostface line mask is used in Scream 3 by Bridger. Another edition of the mask was developed for use by Ghostface in Scream 4, dubbed "The Deluxe Edition Mask"; again, similar to the original Ghostface design, but constructed of thicker rubber with a pearlescent finish.
Following the description in Williamson's script of a "ghost mask", Craven and designers had originally intended to use a white motif, creating a white cloak and hood for the killer's costume. It was the intervention of Maddalena, who felt that the cloak would be scarier if it was black, that resulted in the dark costume shown on screen. The cloak itself had to be custom-made for the film, as the "Father Death" outfit identified in Scream as that of the killers did not really exist; the Fun World mask was sold only as a stand-alone item. The cloak entered into retail markets only following the release of Scream. Each cloak was estimated to cost $700 to hand-produce by a seamstress and was made of a heavy, thick, black material, with reflective threads woven throughout, creating a subtle glimmer. The cloak was created to help conceal the identity of the killers by covering most of their visible bodies, as it was believed that otherwise audiences would be able to guess which character was involved by his or her clothing and body-shape.
The knife used by Ghostface in the films is a custom prop knife based on the Buck 120 Hunting Knife. The knife blades are made of aluminum or chrome-paint-coated plastic with a rubber handle, depending on the scenario for which they are needed. The handle is black with a silver metallic appearance for the tip. The Buck 120 knife was chosen as the model for the Ghostface weapon because of the large blade it features.
Characterization
Ghostface is rarely depicted as speaking while physically on screen in order to aid in concealing the identity of the character behind the mask. Exceptions to this are grunts and groans when injured, which are dubbed into the film during the editing phase by Jackson. Ghostface only speaks physically on-screen on four occasions in the series; on the first two occasions, it is just before his true identity is revealed; the third occasion is the hospital scene in Scream (2022); the fourth occasion is the opening sequence in Scream VI. The voice given to the character, provided by Jackson, is used when talking to another character over the phone or to display the use of the voice changer when the killer reveals himself. Despite being portrayed by different characters in each film, Ghostface displays similar personality and physical attributes regardless of who is wearing the costume or speaking to a target, such as taunting his victims over the telephone, the ritualistic cleaning of his knife after a kill, slashing the throat of his victims before killing them by stabbing, almost superhuman strength and durability, and grunts and groans when injured.
Ghostface is first referred to by that name in the first movie, when character Tatum Riley, played by Rose McGowan, calls the masked killer "Mr. Ghostface", prior to her death.
Ghostface is often shown to taunt his targets, initially representing himself as charming and even flirtatious when speaking. His conversations turn confrontational and intimidating, using his knowledge of other characters or graphically describing his intentions before appearing to the target physically. Craven considers Jackson's voice performance as Ghostface to have "evil sophistication". When confronting his intended victim, Ghostface is portrayed in varying ways, sometimes quick and efficient and other times clumsy, falling, or colliding with objects that hinder his pursuit, a characteristic that varies based upon who is wearing the costume. Whoever inhabits the costume, Ghostface taunts its victims and prolongs a kill when it appears to have an advantage. The Billy/Stu Ghostface would gut its victims after killing them; this was not performed on Tatum Riley who was killed in a mechanical garage door. This Ghostface, in particular, would ask its victim questions about horror films and employ the tropes of the genre in its attacks, displaying a detachment from reality and aligned with the same self-awareness of the film itself which toys with the expectations of the horror genre. The second Ghostface, created by Mickey and Mrs. Loomis, would repeatedly stab its victim to death but often in a public place or with witnesses. The third Ghostface, created by Roman, preferred more clean kills with precise stabbings, and used theatricality and movie props to attack his victims, using a voice changer that allowed him to sound like many other people, casting suspicion and doubt on other characters. In addition, he would use images and the synthesized voice of Maureen to specifically taunt Sidney, even shrouding himself in a bloodied, crime scene cover, alluding to the murder of Maureen, to fool Sidney into believing that she was losing her sanity. The fourth Ghostface, created by Jill and Charlie, filmed each murder on web cameras hidden around the environment and spy cameras in its mask. Charlie mostly repeatedly stabbed his victims to death in a more vicious and brutal fashion and would go further and gut them if he wanted, while Jill mostly stabbed only once. The two killers also made some of the murders public to gain the attention of the world press. The fifth Ghostface, created by Richie and Amber, mainly focused on brutally attacking and injuring victims, while killing most of them in a swift manner. The sixth Ghostface, created by Richie's family, committed violent murders and attacks on either the ones close to Sam Carpenter or anyone standing in the way, while leaving the masks of previous Ghostface killers at the scene of the crime afterwards.
The motivations for Ghostface's killing vary in each film and are respective to each killer wearing the costume. Billy claimed to have been driven to insanity by his mother's abandonment, an incident he blamed on Maureen, and after taking his revenge on her chose to continue his spree, leading towards her daughter Sidney, while Stu lists peer pressure as his motivation. In Scream 2, Mrs. Loomis cites her motivation as simple revenge against the person she holds responsible for her son's death, while Mickey desires the fame that his involvement in the killings will garner when he is caught. In Scream 3, Roman seeks revenge for what he sees as his mother's rejection and abandonment by engineering Maureen's death and trying to kill Sidney, seeing her as having the family-life he was denied. In Scream 4, Jill, jealous of Sidney, wished to obtain similar fame as the sole survivor of a new massacre, while Charlie aided her both for those reasons and his love for Jill. In Scream (2022), Richie and Amber, who are shown to be extremely toxic fans of the Stab franchise, start a huge killing spree in an effort to inspire a ninth Stab film that goes back to the franchise's old formula, having hated the eighth film (which was written and directed by Rian Johnson) for its new storytelling elements that stepped away from the old formula. In Scream VI, Detective Wayne Bailey and his son and daughter, Ethan and Quinn, who are revealed to be Richie's family, desire to get revenge on the one who killed Richie by assassinating her character and framing her for a new killing spree.
In costume, the Ghostfaces share a ritualistic mannerism of gripping the blade of its knife between thumb and forefinger and wiping it clean of any blood following a murder by drawing its hand from handle to the tip of the knife. This characteristic was given to the character by stuntman Dane Farwell who wore the costume for many of its scenes in Scream. Each killer is depicted as possessing effective physical abilities, such as the capabilities of nearly flawless stealth, prowling without being detected, moving silently, and efficiently vanishing from its targets' defense. Additionally, the killer tends to display sufficient strength that allows them to overpower victims, such as in Scream 2, in regards to defeating two trained detectives single-handedly. Ghostface is shown to be able to sustain and even ignore severe levels of physical damage, surviving blunt trauma, stabbing wounds and gunshots. While Stu, Mrs. Loomis, Charlie, Richie, Quinn, and Wayne were all killed instantly in one blow, Billy, Mickey, Roman, Jill, Amber, and Ethan, despite having sustained severe injuries prior, all survived to make one final, desperate attack before finally being killed by the heroes.
Cultural impact
McFarlane Toys produced a 6-inch figurine of Ghostface in 1999 for the "Movie Maniacs II" series of horror and science fiction inspired line of character models. A series of figures were produced by NECA for Scream 4 featuring the standard mask and black cowl plus variations such as "Zombie Ghostface" with a decayed appearance on the mask and "Scarecrow Ghostface" with brown, burlap material used for the mask and clothing.
Ghostface has been parodied and referenced numerous times in media following his appearance in the Scream franchise, most prominently in the parody film Scary Movie (2000) where a killer dressed as Ghostface commits a series of murders. However, unlike the original film, the killer is revealed to be a single person; this parodic version of Ghostface later appears in the June 1, 2016 Erma comic strip, named "Prank Call", wherein the character is making prank calls whilst quoting Scream, alongside the series' titular character. In the parody film Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the 13th (2000), a killer wearing a Jason Voorhees-style hockey mask is set on fire, his mask melting to resemble that of Ghostface. The film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001) features Ghostface, as Shannen Doherty and Craven provide cameos as themselves making the then non-existent Scream 4, but Doherty objects when Ghostface turns out to be played by the orangutan, Suzann.
As in film, Ghostface has been referenced repeatedly in various television programs and commercials. In the same year as the release of Scream 3, the mask made an appearance on Beverly Hills, 90210 and the Nickelodeon series Cousin Skeeter. It was also used as an ornament in the bedroom of Dawson Leery in Dawson's Creek, a show created by Scream writer, Williamson. The character appears in a 1999 episode of Celebrity Deathmatch entitled "The Unknown Murderer", where he threatens to kill a scream queen every round, murdering Barrymore, Jamie Lee Curtis, and Jennifer Love Hewitt before planting his cell phone on a platypus to frame him, causing Campbell and Sarah Michelle Gellar to fight it. The mask was later used in The Sopranos episode "Fortunate Son" (2001) where it is worn by the character Christopher to commit a robbery.
The costume is referenced in an episode of the television series Boomtown entitled "All Hallow's Eve" (2002) where a police officer uses the costume to frighten a bully who has been terrorizing other kids. In the Japanese anime FLCL episode "Marquis de Cabras" (2003), protagonist Naota's face changes to resemble that of Ghostface frequently during a scene where he and his family are eating spicy curry. The character makes a cameo appearance in Tripping the Rift in the episode "The Devil and a Guy Named Webster" (2004) as the judge when Chode sells his soul to the devil and finds a way to sue him. He also appears in a 2004 advert for Trivial Pursuit: '90s edition; representing iconic characters of the 1990s alongside Dennis Rodman and the character Rose from the 1997 film Titanic. A parody of Ghostface appears in the television series All Grown Up! episode "Interview with a Campfire" (2004) where Lil DeVille is taunted by phone and stalked by a character wearing an Easter Bunny mask.
The character appears briefly in The Simpsons episode "Home Away from Homer" (2005) where Homer Simpson suggests him as a babysitter for his daughter Maggie Simpson. Roger L. Jackson lends his voice to Ghostface in the Robot Chicken episode "That Hurts Me" (2005) alongside other famous film killers in a show that parodies Big Brother, launching a prank war against Pinhead and Freddy Krueger before giving a speech to save himself from elimination from the show. He is referenced by Kenny Powers, the main character of Eastbound & Down who requests to wear the mask while having sex. In Scream XXX: A porn parody, a new Ghostface (wearing a clown variant of the Father Death mask) begins murdering the cast and crew of an in-production pornographic parody of the Stab series. In another porn parody, the gay movie Moan, the version of Ghostface seen in the film does not wear a mask. Instead, he has a hood and facepaint that resembles the mask (presembly, this change was made to help make the movie more erotic).
In his book Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, Adam Rockoff opined that Ghostface's mask was a "striking, surreal and downright terrifying presence". Calling the mask a "hyperbolic rendering" of Edvard Munch's The Scream, Rockoff wrote that the face is "twisted in an exaggerated, almost mocking grin, as if reflecting the look of terror and surprise on his victims' faces." Tony Magistrale also discussed the similarities between Ghostface's mask and The Scream in his book Abject Terrors: Surveying the Modern and Postmodern Horror Film, stating that the painting, "an apt representation of the degree of alienation from other people, inspires the killers' murderous agenda".
Notes
References
External links
Ghostface.co.uk
HelloSidney
Fictional blackmailers
Fictional murderers of children
Fictional code names
Fictional costumes
Fictional knife-fighters
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional serial killers
Film characters introduced in 1996
Halloween costume
Masks in the Americas
Mortal Kombat guest characters
Scream (franchise) characters
Slasher film antagonists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostface%20%28identity%29 |
The Treaty of Vienna or Peace of Vienna of 1738 ended the War of the Polish Succession. By the terms of the treaty, Stanisław Leszczyński renounced his claim on the Polish throne and recognized Augustus III, Duke of Saxony. As compensation he received instead the duchies of Lorraine and Bar, which was to pass to France upon his death. He died in 1766.
Francis Stephen, who was the Duke of Lorraine, was indemnified with the vacant throne of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the last Medici having died in 1737. France also agreed to the Pragmatic Sanction in the Treaty of Vienna. In another provision of the treaty, the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily were ceded by Austria to Duke Charles of Parma and Piacenza, the younger son of King Philip V of Spain. Charles, in turn, had to cede Parma to Austria, and to give up his claims to the throne of Tuscany in favor of Francis Stephen.
Signed on 18 November 1738, the treaty was one of the last international treaties written in Latin (together with the Treaty of Belgrade signed the following year).
See also
List of treaties
Notes
External links
(original French and Latin text of the treaty)
War of the Polish Succession
Vienna 1738
Vienna 1738
Vienna 1738
Vienna 1738
Treaties of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1738 in the Habsburg monarchy
1738 in the Holy Roman Empire
18th century in Austria
1738 in France
1738 in Spain
Vienna
Vienna 1738
Vienna 1738
Vienna 1738
Vienna 1738
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Vienna%20%281738%29 |
The War is a seven-part American television documentary miniseries about World War II from the perspective of the United States. The program was directed by American filmmakers Ken Burns and Lynn Novick, written by Geoffrey Ward, and narrated primarily by Keith David. It premiered on September 23, 2007. The world premiere of the series took place at the Palace Theater in Luverne, Minnesota, one of the towns featured in the documentary. It was funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Content
The series focuses on World War II in a "bottom up" fashion through the lenses of four "quintessentially American towns":
Luverne, Minnesota
Mobile, Alabama
Sacramento, California
Waterbury, Connecticut
The series recounts the experiences of a number of individuals from these communities as they move through the war in the Pacific, African and European theaters, and focuses on the effect of the war on them, their families and their communities.
A number of notable actors including Adam Arkin, Tom Hanks, Keith David, Samuel L. Jackson, Josh Lucas, Bobby Cannavale and Eli Wallach are heard as voice actors reading contemporary newspaper articles, telegrams, letters from the front, etc. Notable persons including Daniel Inouye, Sidney Phillips, Joe Medicine Crow and Paul Fussell were interviewed.
The full documentary runs 14 hours and was broadcast in seven parts on PBS over two weeks, starting on Sunday, September 23, 2007 and continuing four nights the first week and three nights the second week, from 8 to 10 p.m. (8 to 10:30 p.m. on three nights). The documentary was provided to PBS affiliates in two versions: One with profanity generally prohibited by FCC regulations (including explanations of the acronyms FUBAR and SNAFU) and one without the expletives.
Episodes
Each episode begins with the introduction:
International releases
In some countries, notably Australia, Switzerland, Austria, France and Germany, The War was released as a 14-episode series. The region 4 DVD release of The War splits the series into 14 episodes, but notes that it is "a seven-part documentary".
Critical reception
TIME magazine's James Poniewozik named the series one of the Top 10 New TV Series of 2007, ranking it at no. 9. Barry Garron of The Hollywood Reporter called The War an "artful masterpiece" and "[e]ven more ambitious than any previous Burns documentary, including The Civil War,'" for its wide-ranging illustration of the impact of World War II on the United States and its citizens. John Leonard of New York magazine also commended the miniseries, stating that though the documentary covers areas of the subject that have already been tackled in other World War II documentaries, "it's the nuanced, retrospective witness that makes the series so affecting, the testimonies of survivors who remember both who it is they used to be and the 408,000 fellow Americans who didn't make it." Brian Lowry, writing for Variety, praised the miniseries as "a major victory for PBS", stating that it is "[a] monumental undertaking filled with moments of tremendous poignancy", though he noted that "The most significant quibble here is structural.... just when some stories begin to get interesting, that character is left, only to be returned to hours (and given the broadcast pattern, nights) later."
Robert Koehler, another critic for Variety, found fault in the miniseries focusing mainly on the United States' role in World War II, emphasizing that it was unable to explore the various other conflicts in the war in depth such as the Japanese invasion of East and Southeast Asia and Operation Barbarossa. Alessandra Stanley, writing for the New York Times, gave the series a mixed review, praising it as a "respectful, moving and meticulously illustrated anthology of small-town lives turned upside down by what one elderly veteran calls 'a necessary war,'" while also faulting it for "view[ing] the Second World War as a mostly domestic concern" in which "the London blitz, Stalingrad, Bergen-Belsen and the Warsaw uprising are parentheses." Slate's Beverly Gage echoed these thoughts saying "it's rousing and meaningful and not technically inaccurate, but not exactly the whole truth." Jonathan Storm of The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote, "Once-in-a-lifetime viewing."
Keith David received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his narration of the series.
Controversy
The War came under fire after previews during the editing process indicated no mention of the contributions of Hispanics to the war effort, whose representation in the war itself is estimated at up to half a million people; complaints followed later as to omissions of Hispanic and Native American contributions and those of women in uniform. Originally the premiere was scheduled for September 16, 2007; the fact that this date is both Mexican Independence Day and the start of U.S. observance of National Hispanic Heritage Month drew additional fire from its detractors, and the initial airdate was later moved to September 23, 2007, with no comment from PBS.
Although at first the dispute seemed to be settled with the inclusion of additional footage to address the omission, in subsequent weeks, groups began to question conflicting reports from Burns and PBS as to whether the additional footage would be provided as supplementary material or would be integrated into the overall program. Burns initially insisted that re-editing the series was out of the question, with PBS defending that decision on the basis of artistic freedom. Over the months of May and June, as of mid-July, 2007, estimates put out by Burns suggested that additional footage showing interviews with two Hispanics and one Native American would be added to the series, for a total of 28 minutes additional footage to the 14 hours the program was originally planned to cover; the additional footage would air at the conclusion of the selected episodes, but before each episode's final credits.
News outlets began to report as of July 11 that the additional content had not been included in materials made available for preview by television writers and critics, prompting renewed discussion and speculation as to the eventual outcome of the debate.
Notes
External links
Official website
Library of Congress' companion website
2000s American documentary television series
Documentary television series about World War II
Films directed by Ken Burns
Films shot in California
Films shot in Alabama
Films shot in Minnesota
Films shot in Connecticut
PBS original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20War%20%28miniseries%29 |
Nils Emanuel Karlsson (25 June 1917 – 16 June 2012), better known as Mora-Nisse, was a Swedish cross-country skier. Karlsson won gold in the 50 km event at the 1948 Winter Olympics and nine Vasaloppet victories.
Biography
He was born near Mora.
He won the Olympic gold medal in the 50 km at the 1948 Winter Olympics, a bronze medal in 50 km at the 1950 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, and a total of 37 gold medals in Swedish national championships, 17 in individual competition. He also won Vasaloppet nine times (in 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 and 1953). Karlsson won the Holmenkollen ski festival 50 km event twice (1947 and 1951) as well. For his success in cross-country skiing, Karlsson was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1952 (shared with Stein Eriksen, Torbjørn Falkanger and Heikki Hasu). Eight years earlier, Karlsson was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal.
Karlsson has meant a lot to Vasaloppet, initially through his many victories. With the aid of Sven Jerring's radio sports commentary, he made Vasaloppet known throughout the country. After his active career, he participated in the administration of Vasaloppet, both as a leader and as chief of the course. Two of his grandchildren have been successful in the Vasaloppet - Erik Eriksson has repeatedly finished within the top ten, once ending up in a fourth place; meanwhile Anders Eriksson was once 38th.
Between 1954 and 1966 Karlsson trained the national cross-country skiing team, yet he lived all his life in his native village Östnor near Mora, where a road was named after him during his lifetime, and where he ran the sport equipment store "Mora-Nisse Sports". The Mora-Nisse's Jubilee Fund was established on his 65th birthday, which supports young Swedish skiers.
Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
Olympic Games
1 medal – (1 gold)
World Championships
1 medal – (1 bronze)
References
External links
1917 births
2012 deaths
People from Mora Municipality
Cross-country skiers from Dalarna County
Swedish male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Sweden
Cross-country skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Sweden
Holmenkollen medalists
Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners
Vasaloppet winners
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics
IFK Mora skiers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Karlsson |
Olovo () is a town and municipality located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated about 50 kilometers northeast of the capital city of Sarajevo and is located on the road between Sarajevo and Tuzla.
History
The town Olovo was first mentioned in the year 1382 under the name "Plumbum" (Latin for lead). The word olovo in Bosnian means lead, and the name was given to the town for its well-known lead ore deposits. Olovo stands on the Sarajevo–Tuzla highway M18, and is located 50 km northeast of Bosnia and Herzegovina's capital city of Sarajevo. Olovo is located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton. Recently, there have been attempts to make Olovo part of the Sarajevo Canton; however, the town remains within the Zenica-Doboj Canton . Since the Middle Ages, the town has been well known for its lead ore deposits, and Olovo was a mining town during medieval Bosnian state period, when the town and the region were part of the Pavlović's Land ().
During WW2, Olovo came under the occupation of the Independent State of Croatia in 1941. On 1 November 1941, four Chetnik companies with 400 Chetniks and parts of Partisan Romanija Detachment (Knežina, Bjelogoračka and Crepoljska companies) and Zvijezda Detachment (Nišić battalion and Crnovrška and Vlahinjska company) with total of 800 Partisans organized an unsuccessful attack on Olovo.
The insurgents then stopped their artillery fire and replaced it with barrages of rifle fire of the infantry insurgent units. The commander of the 4th company of Sarajevo Reserve Battalion, Ante Marinković was wounded during this attack and his company had to retreat from "Stijena". After being inforced by one reserve platoon this company managed to recapture "Stijena" for short time only to retreat after being attacked by more numerous Chetnik forces. When Chetniks permanently captured "Stijena" they burned straws as signal to other insurgents about their success. This boosted morale of the insurgents to attack more fiercely the positions of Olovo garrison that began retreating from their positions. To avoid capture of his forces, garrison commander Streharski retreat to the positions west of the village Solun. On 17 December 1941 Olovo was recaptured by Chetnik and Partisan rebel units.
On 18 December Streharski continued his retreat under fire until his forces reached Careva Ćuprija.
Bosnian War
At the beginning of the Bosnian War, Olovo came under the control of the government forces under the command of the ARBiH.
Olovo was successfully defended by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and was included in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Dayton Agreement, which was signed on 14 December 1995, ending the Bosnian War.
Features
Today, Olovo is best known for its coniferous forests, blue sky, and clear swift waters coming from three main mountain rivers (Stupčanica, Krivaja, and Bioštica). Olovo hosts annual bullfights and festivals. It is a popular nightlife spot for youth from nearby villages. Olovo is also well known for its spa, which dates back to the period of Roman reign in the area.
Olovo is also a stopover for travelers to rest and change directions when traveling to cities such as Zenica and Zavidovići.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 10,175 with 2,465 living in Olovo town.
Inhabited places
There are many small villages in the vicinity of Olovo. These are: Boganovići, Čuništa, Solun, Hadre, Bukovdo, Milankovići, Kamensko, Jelaške, Careva Ćuprija, Lišći, Gurdići, Dugandžići, Čude, Petrovići, Klis, Kolakovići, Berisalići, Brda, Luke, Lavšići, Ponijerka, Grabovica, Dreželj, Paklenik, Majna, Radačići, Ajvatovići, Miljevići, Rudine, Ligatići and Bakići.
Notable people
Jelena Blagojević, Serbian volleyball player
Tima Džebo, Yugoslav and Bosnian basketball player
Daniel Ozmo, Yugoslav Jewish painter and printmaker
Edin Višća, Bosnian football player
Longin Krčo
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Populated places in Olovo
Municipalities of Zenica-Doboj Canton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo |
The 2006 Tim Hortons Brier, the Canadian men's national curling championship, was held from March 11 to 19 at the Brandt Centre in Regina, Saskatchewan. In the final, Quebec's Jean-Michel Ménard rink became only the second Quebec team to win the Brier. They also became the first francophone team to win. They defeated Ontario's Glenn Howard in the final.
Teams
Round-robin standings
Final round-robin standings
Round-robin results
All draw times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (UTC−5).
Draw 1
Saturday, March 11, 15:00
Draw 2
Saturday, March 11, 20:00
Draw 3
Sunday, March 12, 10:00
Draw 4
Sunday, March 12, 15:00
Draw 5
Sunday, March 12, 20:00
Draw 6
Monday, March 13, 10:00
Draw 7
Monday, March 13, 15:00
Draw 8
Monday, March 13, 20:00
Draw 9
Tuesday, March 14, 10:00
Draw 10
Tuesday, March 14, 15:00
Draw 11
Tuesday, March 14, 20:00
Draw 12
Wednesday, March 15, 10:00
Draw 13
Wednesday, March 15, 15:00
Draw 14
Wednesday, March 15, 20:00
Draw 15
Thursday, March 16, 9:30
Draw 16
Thursday, March 16, 14:00
Draw 17
Thursday, March 16, 20:00
Playoffs
The Tim Hortons Brier uses the page playoff system where the top four teams with the best records at the end of round-robin play meet in the playoff rounds. The first and second place teams play each other, with the winner advancing directly to the final. The winner of the other page playoff game between the third and fourth place teams plays the loser of the first/second playoff game in the semi-final. The winner of the semi-final moves on to the final.
1 vs. 2 game
Friday, March 17, 20:00
3 vs. 4 game
Friday, March 17, 13:00
Semifinal
Saturday, March 18, 13:00
Final
Sunday, March 19, 19:00
Statistics
Top 5 player percentages
Round Robin only
Provincial playdowns
Bold indicates winner. Italics indicated defending provincial champion
February 8–12 at the Saville Centre in Edmonton, Alberta
Playoffs
Morris 8–3 Petryk (2B vs 3B)
Ferbey 8–2 MacDonald (2A vs 3A)
Morris 6–5 Ferbey (Quarter-final)
Johnson 5–3 Martin (A1 vs. B1)
Martin 8–4 Morris (Semi-final)
Martin 7–5 Johnson (Final)
February 15–19 at the Chilliwack Curling Club, Chilliwack, British Columbia
Playoffs
Ursel 7–1 Gretzinger (Semi-final)
Windsor 7–6 Ursel (Final)
The defending champion, Deane Horning did not qualify.
February 8–12, T.G. Smith Centre, Steinbach, Manitoba
February 8–12 at the Capital Winter Club, Fredericton, New Brunswick
Playoffs
Sherrard 5–3 Kennedy (Semi-final)
Grattan 9–6 Sherrard (Final)
Defending champion Wade Blanchard played third for Charlie Sullivan
February 7–12, St. John's Curling Club, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Tie-breakers
Skanes 12–11 Davidge
Oke 7–5 Symonds
Thomas 11–7 Skanes
Oke 9–8 Thomas
Playoffs
Noseworthy 7–4 Oke
Peddigrew 6–5 Noseworthy
Defending champion Brad Gushue did not participate, as at the time he was representing Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Northern Ontario
February 6–12, Nipigon Curling Club, Nipigon, Ontario
Tie-breakers
Harnden 8–6 Salo
Belec 8–6 Burgess
Scharf 9–6 Harnden
Harnden 8–2 Burgess
Scharf 4–3 Belec
Playoffs
Scharf 5–3 Gordon (1 vs. 2)
Harnden 9–1 Belec (3 vs. 4)
Gordon 6–4 Harnden (Semi-final)
Gordon 7–6 Scharf (Final)
Defending champion Mike Jakubo did not qualify.
February 10–15, Liverpool Curling Club, Liverpool, Nova Scotia
The 2006 Ontario Kia Cup was held February 6–12, Guelph Sports Centre, Guelph, Ontario
Tie-breakers
Matchett 11–9 Jeffries
Matchett 7–5 Epping
Playoffs
Howard 8–7 Middaugh (1 vs. 2)
Harris 8–3 Matchett (3 vs. 4)
Middaugh 9–5 Harris (Semi-final)
Howard 9–6 Middaugh (Final)
February 8–12, Charlottetown Curling Club, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
February 6–12, Arena Conrad-Parent, Sept-Îles, Quebec
Playoffs
Charette 10–4 Crête (A2 vs B3)
Desjardins 8–5 Kennedy (A3 vs B2)
Ménard 6–4 Lafleur (A1 vs B1)
Charette 8–7 Desjardins (Quarter-final)
Charette 7–6 Lafleur (Semi-final)
Ménard 10–5 Charette (Final)
February 8–12, Weyburn Curlin Club, Weyburn, Saskatchewan
/
February 16–19, Whitehorse Curling Club, Whitehorse, Yukon
References
External links
Final on YouTube
2006
Tim Hortons Brier
Tim Hortons Brier
Tim Hortons Brier
Sports competitions in Regina, Saskatchewan
Curling in Saskatchewan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Tim%20Hortons%20Brier |
Vine Street is a street in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California that runs north–south between Franklin Avenue and Melrose Avenue. The intersection with Hollywood Boulevard was once a symbol of Hollywood itself. The famed intersection fell into disrepair during the 1970s but has since been redeveloped, with several high valued projects currently under construction. Three blocks of the Hollywood Walk of Fame lie along this street with names such as John Lennon, Johnny Carson, and Audrey Hepburn. South of Melrose Avenue, Vine turns into Rossmore Avenue, a residential Hancock Park thoroughfare that ends at Wilshire Boulevard.
Radio Row
In contrast to other American cities, where it referred to a concentration of radio stores, in Los Angeles, Radio Row was understood in the 1940s and 1950s as the area around the intersection of Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, where the broadcasting facilities of all four major radio networks were located. The last radio station to broadcast from a studio on Vine Street, KNX-AM, closed its Vine Street studio in 2005.
Buildings
The California Laundry was located on the street in 1920s. The Capitol Records Building, Capitol Tower, is located just north of the intersection of Hollywood & Vine. Miss Brewster's Millions (1926) starring Bebe Daniels, was shot on Vine Street at Franklin Avenue, near the site what is now the Capitol Records Building. An underground station for the Metro B Line is located one block east at Hollywood Boulevard and Argyle Avenue. Metro Local line 210 serves Vine Street and Rossmore Avenue.
References
External links
Streets in Hollywood, Los Angeles
Streets in Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine%20Street |
Michael George Lincoln (born April 10, 1975) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher. He played at Casa Roble High School, American River College and the University of Tennessee. Drafted in the 13th round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft by the Minnesota Twins, he made his major league debut on April 7, 1999.
Lincoln had played for the Minnesota Twins, Pittsburgh Pirates, and St. Louis Cardinals before signing as a free agent with the Cincinnati Reds on February 5, , to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. He made the team out of spring training and went 2-5 with a 4.48 ERA in 64 games. On December 4, , Lincoln signed a two-year contract to stay with the Reds.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Baseball players from Carmichael, California
St. Louis Cardinals players
Minnesota Twins players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Cincinnati Reds players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Tennessee Volunteers baseball players
Fort Myers Miracle players
Salt Lake Buzz players
Nashville Sounds players
American River Beavers baseball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Lincoln |
Merete Van Kamp is a Danish born model turned actress and singer.
Van Kamp's first film role was in the 1983 espionage thriller The Osterman Weekend, directed by Sam Peckinpah playing opposite John Hurt. She was then chosen from 700 hopefuls to play the lead roles of Princess Daisy Valenski and Dani Valenski in the NBC blockbuster TV miniseries Princess Daisy, written by Judith Krantz. In 1985-86 she was a series regular in the TV series Dallas, playing Grace Van Owen in the 1985–86 season.
She guest-starred in several episodes of Hotel and Remington Steele and has appeared in many feature films, including You Can't Hurry Love with Bridget Fonda, and Mission Kill, with Robert Ginty and Olivia d'Abo, directed by David Winters. She was the lead in Lethal Woman (with Shannon Tweed), The Most Dangerous Woman Alive, Poison Ivy: The New Seduction (the third of the four-film series), and Westbrick Murders with Eric Roberts.
From 1990 to 1994, Van Kamp recorded an album for EMI-France entitled Pleasure and Pain, produced by Frank Langolff, who composed seven of the nine tracks (the other two were Rick F. James compositions). Van Kamp appeared on the series De Syv Drab in 2012 and the 2013 Shaun Rana film Murders of Westbrick.
Van Kamp is the founder of her own acting studio in Paris and is currently writing a drama thriller series of ten episodes.
References
External links
Documentary (41 minutes) on DR1, Danish National talk radio
Www.Thevankampstudio.com
Living people
People from Kolding
Danish female models
Danish television actresses
American television actresses
Danish film actresses
American film actresses
20th-century Danish actresses
21st-century Danish actresses
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merete%20Van%20Kamp |
The first series of Fame Academy, a BBC reality talent search, was first broadcast in the United Kingdom over ten weeks in October - December 2002. It was won by David Sneddon. The live shows were presented by Cat Deeley and Patrick Kielty.
Format
Eleven previously selected contestants were showcased to the nation in the first live episode, while the first viewer vote of the series was announced in a surprise twist - three other potential finalists would be showcased to the nation - and the public could vote for whom they wanted to enter the Academy, making up the final line-up of twelve contestants.
On the Tuesday of each week, the teachers would gather the contestants, and inform them of their progress. The contestant who had impressed the judges the most over the previous week would be named the "Grade A student," and would be guaranteed a solo performance at the following live show. The three contestants who the judges felt were performing the worst would be put on probation, and would have to sing for survival live on Friday night on BBC One, in order to fight for their place in the Academy. When applicable, the contestants who were neither on probation, or the Grade A students would team up for the live show, performing as groups, or on occasion in duets. Although they were safe from elimination, their performances in their groups weighed heavily on the teachers decision on whom to put up for probation in the following week.
Following all of the performances on the Friday live show, the public would vote for the student up for probation who they wanted to save - the person with the most votes would be safe. However, the fate of the two other contestants on probation was decided by their fellow contestants, who had to vote for who they wanted to save. In the event of a tie in the student vote the public votes would decide who is eliminated. All four contestants were put on probation in the penultimate week, with the public saving two.
Guest teachers were brought in to "teach", this happened periodically throughout the series, the guest teachers included Lionel Richie (who also co-wrote a song on the Fame Academy album), Shania Twain, Mariah Carey and Ronan Keating.
The Friday night live shows were filmed in front of an audience at the BBC's Shepperton Studios, and were lavishly presented. They featured duets and group performances by all the students which were choreographed by dance teacher Kevin Adams, as well as the songs by the three probation students. The guest teachers also sang on the liveshow. In the case of Lionel Richie he performed twice, returning to duet with Lemar on their co-written song "Back To You".
As well as the live shows, highlight shows aired at 7pm on Tuesday and Thursday nights on BBC One. A late night uncut show was later added to the schedules. Extra coverage was shown on BBC Choice, with round-the-clock live streaming also available on BBCi and Freeview.
Students
Eleven of these contestants were pre-selected and then the public voted in the twelfth, Sinéad Quinn. This made the final line-up, until Naomi fell ill and was forced to withdraw from the competition, she was replaced by eventual winner David Sneddon who had received the second highest number of votes to enter the academy after Sinéad.
The contestants' time in the Academy included singing lessons with Carrie Grant, exhausting dance and exercise classes with Kevin Adams, and song-writing lessons with Pam Sheyne who co-wrote Christina Aguilera's hit single Genie in a Bottle, and Grammy nominated Steve DuBerry who wrote Tina Turner's hit "I Don't Wanna Fight" (plus hits for Joe Cocker, Simon Webbe, Liberty X) Music coach Jo Noel (Jo Carter) assisted with Musical knowledge and accompaniment on the piano. Headteacher Richard Park was also never far away, and managed to keep order for most of the series.
As well as the dramas of singing for survival, there were dramas among the contestants too. David and Ainslie were claimed to be rivals for most of the series. Katie almost got thrown out of the Academy as a punishment for damaging equipment during a water fight she instigated. Camilla and Lemar got closer and closer, until on the night when all of the contestants returned to the house, they kissed in one of the bedrooms. Sinéad and Malachi were also very close, but a relationship failed to materialise once they left the Academy.
Each week, the teachers were given the task of putting three of the students on 'probation,' where they would be forced to sing for their survival the following Friday, with one of the 3 being saved by the public. The final 2 performers fate was then left to the other students, who would decide who stayed and who left the Academy for good.
Results summary
Indicates the winning contestant
Indicates the contestant who was eliminated from the competition
Indicates the contestant who was the Grade A student for the week
Indicates a contestant who was safe, and was neither the Grade A student or facing probation
Indicates a contestant who faced probation, but was saved by the public vote.
Indicates a contestant who faced probation, but was saved by their fellow students
Indicates a contestant who did not perform at the live show
Indicates a contestant who was not eliminated from the show, but had to withdraw due to illness
Indicates that the contestant had been eliminated from the show, and was no longer competing at the academy.
Notes:
Note 1: In the launch show, the public were given the chance to choose the 12th finalist from David Sneddon, Paul MacDonald and Sinéad Quinn. Sinéad won the vote and joined the academy.
Note 2: Naomi was suffering from illness, and was awarded a one-week bye to recover, so did not perform at the first live show.
Note 3: With Naomi's condition showing no sign of improving, she was forced to leave the Academy midweek. She was replaced by David, who had finished runner-up in the initial public vote. To replace David as a further alternate contingency should one be required later in the show, contestant Dave Martin was invited back following his initial auditions performance. Dave was not required during the live shows but maintained an active presence in the west Cumbrian music scene before fulfilling his childhood ambition in working for the Emergency Services in Cumbria.
Note 4: The Week 6 live show was postponed to Sunday night due to the Children In Need broadcast that aired in the shows usual Friday slot.
Note 5: The judges allowed the public to choose the final Grade A student from Ainslie, Lemar and Sinéad. Listeners to The Chris Moyles Show were encouraged to vote for their favourite, who would also earn a special solo performance on the Children In Need broadcast. Sinéad was revealed as the winner, and performed live at the event.
Note 6: Ainslie and Sinéad were both saved by the public. The students had no vote to save this week.
Note 7: For the first time, all the remaining students faced probation. Lemar was saved over Ainslie by David and Sinead.
Note 8: In the final, the public vote alone decided who would win the competition. At the first voting freeze, Lemar had the fewest votes, and was sent home. David and Sinéad then competed for the title.
Final (6 December)
The final was broadcast live as two separate shows. The final three contestants were David, Sinéad and Lemar. In the first half, after votes totalling over 4 million, Lemar was the first to be voted off by the public. Neither of the two remaining finalists, David and Sinéad, had been in the original group of eleven students chosen by the judges at the start of the series.
In the second half David sang "I Don't Want To Talk About It" and Sinéad then sang "The First Cut Is The Deepest". Then David and Sinéad sang "I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues". After a total of over 6.9 million votes were cast, David won with 3.5 million votes. He then sang what was to become his debut #1 single, Stop Living the Lie, to end the show.
David Sneddon signed a £1 million record contract with Mercury Records as part of his prize. His debut single "Stop Living the Lie", entered the UK charts at #1 and remained at the top for two weeks. He is one of only a few artists from reality TV shows to have a number one hit record with a self-written song. He had a further two top twenty hit singles and a top ten album, Seven Years Ten Weeks, (which was recorded with Elton John's band) and signed a development publishing deal with Universal Music in October 2003. Sneddon signed to major music publisher Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2009 as a songwriter.
Lemar signed a deal with Sony Records, and has since won several BRIT Awards as best urban act. Malachi, Ainslie, Lemar, and Sinéad also went on to release hit records.
Ratings of the show were average, but not fantastic. Most of this was blamed on the format being too similar to Pop Idol, while fans of the Reality TV element were disappointed by the awkward timings of the highlight shows . Despite this, a second series was commissioned for the following year.
Album and tour
Album
An 18-track album featuring songs by all the contestants was released at the end of the series. It sold over 300,000 copies in the first week and reached #2 in the uk compilation charts. Profits from this and the following nationwide tour helped to fund the Fame Academy Bursary.
Fame Academy (Mercury) 3 December 2002
Track Listings
"With a Little Help From My Friends" - Ainslie & David
"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" - Lemar & Sinéad
"Fields Of Gold" - Malachi & Marli
"(Come Up and See Me) Make Me Smile" - Ainslie & Marli
"Lean On Me" - The Fame Academy Students
"The Tracks Of My Tears" - Marli
"Eternal Flame" - Pippa
"Brown Eyed Girl" - Chris
"I Can See Clearly Now" - Ashley
"Genie In A Bottle" - Camilla
"Perfect" - Katie
"I Heard It Through The Grapevine" - Nigel
"Vincent" - Malachi
"Goodnight Girl" - David
"Don't Speak" - Sinéad
"Back To You" - Lemar feat. The Fame Academy Students
"Keep Me A Secret" - Ainslie
"Lullaby" - Ainslie, David & Lemar
Live tour
In April 2003 all 12 students reunited for a 12 date arena tour of the UK, performing live to sell out audiences, with a final concert at Wembley Arena. A DVD of their performances, Fame Academy - Live, was released in September 2003.
External links
BBC press release
David wins Fame Academy, BBC News
Fame Academy
2002 British television seasons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fame%20Academy%20%28series%201%29 |
An imperforate lacrimal punctum is a congenital disorder of dogs involving the lack of an opening to the nasolacrimal duct (tear duct) in the conjunctiva. Dogs normally have two lacrimal puncta, the superior and inferior. This condition can affect either or both. Symptoms include excessive tearing and tear staining of the hair around the eye. Affected breeds include the American Cocker Spaniel, Bedlington Terrier, Golden Retriever, Poodle, and Samoyed. Imperforate lacrimal puncta can be corrected by surgical opening of the punctum.
See also
Congenital lacrimal duct obstruction
References
Dog diseases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperforate%20lacrimal%20punctum |
Charles Brun may refer to:
Charles Brun (France) (1821–1897), French engineer and politician
Charles Brun (Denmark) (1866–1919), Danish politician, Finance Minister of Denmark between 1908–1909
See also
Charles Le Brun (1619–1690), French painter and art theorist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Brun |
This second series of Fame Academy was broadcast in the UK over thirteen weeks from July to October 2003. It was won by Alex Parks. The judging panel of the show consisted of Richard Park, Carrie Grant, David Grant and Robin Gibb during the live shows. Jonathan Ross was a judge on the final giving his opinions on the acts.
Series summary
Changes to format
The second series of Fame Academy incorporated some format changes from series 1. Cat Deeley and Patrick Kielty continued as lead presenters. Songwriting teacher, Pam Sheyne, did not return, and the role of dance teacher, Kevin Adams, was reduced. Headteacher, Richard Park, adopted a nasty, Simon Cowell-style persona. Carrie Grant's husband, David Grant, joined the series as an extra voice coach. Bee Gee Robin Gibb joined the show as a judge for the live shows. The judging panel held the casting vote in the event of a draw.
The live 'singing for survival' shows were moved to Saturday nights. Instead of taking place at Shepperton Studios, they took place at the Academy itself, on a tiny stage in the entrance hall to Witanhurst, with the audience of family and friends positioned on the staircases above. Highlight shows were axed from BBC One, and broadcast on BBC Three. Round-the-clock streaming was available on Freeview, as before, but without any interactive features.
For the first two weeks, the final 25 contestants performed and the public voted for 13 to enter the Academy. Six contestants performed in each of these four shows (seven in the first) with the two (three in the first show) with the most votes from the public gaining a place in the Academy and the two with the fewest votes being eliminated. The fate of the remaining two was decided by the students who had already qualified, with one of the two being 'saved' and given a place in the Academy.
The elimination mechanism for the rest of the series was also changed, apparently in order to compete with Pop Idol. The public were asked to vote for their favourite contestants from across the field. The three with the fewest public votes were then deemed to be "at risk". At this tense moment in the showdown each week, the judges would vote to save one, and then the students were required to vote to save one of the remaining two, and to state the reasons for their choice. This system — considered to be distasteful by many viewers — was used until the penultimate week, from which point the judges no longer had a vote. For the Final Three, the outcome was entirely in the hands of the viewing public.
As a result of this, the content of the live shows also changed. With each student singing for survival every week there was less time available to showcase the students' other performing skills. Duets and group songs, and the students' own compositions, could not be included in the show until later in the series when fewer contestants remained. The change of venue to a much smaller space also limited students to more static performances.
The students
This series' contestants were in order of elimination:
Audley Anderson
Nick Hall
Lorna Grant
Gary Phelan
Simone Stewart
Louise Griffiths
Barry McKeever
Paris Campbell-Edwards
James Fox
Peter Brame
Carolynne Good
Alistair Griffin
Alex Parks
The series started controversially, as it was revealed that several of the contestants already had songwriting contracts, although none were actually signed to recording contracts.
Highlights shown on the live streaming included late-night singing sessions around the piano; Peter's outrageous behaviour on his trips outside the Academy, his rows with Kevin, and his later relationship with Carolynne; Alex and Carolynne being punished for communicating off camera; Alistair getting drunk, climbing into Louise's bed, and apologising the following day; and the finalists' last evening which culminated in a game of 'Truth or Dare' with Alistair stripping to his shirt.
The Final
Alex won the series, beating Carolynne and finally Alistair in the final showdown.
The final of the competition was shown as two separate live programmes, to allow viewers to cast their votes for the last two contestants during the interval. The first show was aired at 6.30pm. Viewers were then able to vote for their favourite and the contestant with the fewest votes was eliminated, with the two winners going on to the final showdown which began later the same evening at 9.30pm!
On the first showdown each of the three contestants performed two songs – one new cover and the student's favourite song that they had performed during the series. The series judges were joined by guest judge, radio and TV presenter Jonathan Ross, and gave their opinions on air.
Alistair and Alex were voted through to the final, and each performed another cover song chosen by the producers; Alex sang a John Lennon song, "Imagine"; Alistair sang "Everything I Own" by Bread. They each performed one of their own compositions, and performed two duets with each other and with guest singer Daniel Bedingfield. Paul McCartney also made an appearance to introduce Alex and Alistair's duet of the Beatles song "Let It Be".
The judges again gave their opinions of each contestant on air and guest celebrities in the invited audience were also asked to comment on the performances. The contestant who gained the most viewers' votes by the end of the programme was then declared the winner.
Results summary
Problems
There were personal tensions between several contestants during the series, and producers exacerbated these tensions by showing footage of this whenever possible during the brief highlights packages on the live shows. Arguments also regularly broke out between the Fame Academy teachers during the live showdowns. David and Carrie Grant frequently disagreed with Richard Park, although Robin Gibb maintained a neutral stance, and gained respect for his evenhandedness towards all the contestants throughout the series. Regular arguments also broke out between Richard Park and the presenter Patrick Kielty. Opinions are still divided among viewers about whether these arguments were genuine or deliberately staged for ratings.
The scheduling of the live Fame Academy shows often clashed with the similar Pop Idol on ITV. The latter usually came off better in the ratings, and viewers of both series expressed resentment at this deliberate conflict.
Widespread criticism of the BBC's perceived copying of the Pop Idol format purely to achieve higher viewing figures also featured in the Parliamentary review of the BBC's charter. Many critics felt that it was a prime example of a derivative reality entertainment show which the BBC should not be funding. The programme was not recommissioned for a third series.
The negative publicity this received caused the BBC to distance itself from the whole Fame Academy concept, and plans for a Fame Academy 2 national tour in 2004 never materialised.
The aftermath
Alex Parks and Alistair Griffin were both immediately signed to major record labels and each went on to have top 5 singles with self-penned songs. They have both subsequently released successful albums and singles.
Alex's debut album, Introduction, reached number 5 in the UK chart, while her second album, Honesty, charted at number 24. Alex has co-written and worked with songwriters and producers such as Boo Hewerdine, John Reynolds, Greg Wells, Peter-John Vettese, Judie Tzuke and Marcella Detroit. Alex has also toured the UK with a band of top session musicians, selling out venues in Edinburgh, Manchester, Birmingham and Cornwall, as well as multiple venues in London, and attracting critical acclaim for her live performances.
Alistair's debut album, Bring It On, charted at number 12 in the UK. He has since performed live across the UK and Europe, having toured Germany with Robin Gibb. He has also continued his successful songwriting career, co-writing with a number of other artists including Robin Gibb. He is currently working on his second album.
Both artists have now split from their former record companies and are currently pursuing careers as independent singer-songwriters.
A professional songwriter since 2001, Carolynne Good spent 2004 writing new material, and the following year she toured the UK with Tony Christie. In 2005, under the wing of Christie's Amarillo Music, she formed the Carolynne Good Band. There were plans for an album to be released in 2006, but nothing has so far appeared. As of 2011, Carolynne auditioned for ITV's The X Factor and made it to the judges houses. This was under her new name of Carolynne Poole. Louis Walsh did not select her to continue to the live shows. She returned in 2012, this time with Gary Barlow as her mentor and has progressed, this time, to the live shows starting 6 October. Gary has cited her as "the dark horse" in the competition.
James Fox was chosen to represent the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004, and had a top 20 single with the British entry, "Hold Onto Our Love". He has since been successful in musical theatre, having appeared in both Jesus Christ Superstar in the UK and the Billy Joel musical, Movin' Out. After appearing on Broadway, he toured the United States and Canada with Movin' Out throughout 2005 and 2006, and starred in the lead role of "Pianoman" in the West End production in spring 2006. He returned to the UK at the end of the 2006 Movin Out Tour and since then has been performing live and working on a solo album.
Peter Brame co-founded a rock band called One Finger Zen in 2004 and toured the UK with them. He split with the band in late 2005. He is now signed to Manic Records and relaunched his solo career with the release of a single, "Wake Up!", in August 2006. He released his debut album, My Secret Suicide, in October 2008, and it can be purchased from the iTunes Store, as well as being able to listen to on Last.Fm.
After appearing solo with Jazzy Jeff at London's Jazz Cafe, and working alone in his home recording studio for over a year, Paris Campbell-Edwards formed a rock band called Smokin' Circus, which has recorded several demo tracks and supported Pink in Cardiff CIA in August 2007.
Audley Anderson has continued to perform and entertain and is currently developing his debut Album called "A Journey into Soul" which is also the name of his live performance show. He has also added a new string to his bow of that as an Artist In Resiedence working with the ARK schools corporation. March 2009 saw Audley go it alone and release his 1st single Undress U through his own Audiosnooze digital label.
Albums
Two full-length albums featuring a selection of covers from the show were released during and after the series, Fame Academy Bee Gees Special (Polydor) August 2003 and Fame Academy – The Finalists (Polydor) October 2003:
Fame Academy Bee Gees Special
Track listing:
"You Should Be Dancing " – Paris Campbell-Edwards
"Guilty" – Carolynne Good
"To Love Somebody" – Alistair Griffin
"Words" – Alex Parks
"Massachusetts" – Peter Brame
"Too Much Heaven" – Louise Griffiths
"How Deep Is Your Love" – Barry McKeever
"More Than a Woman" – James Fox
"Heartbreaker" – Simone Stewart
"I've Gotta Get a Message to You" – Gary Phelan
"You Win Again" – Audley Anderson
"Islands in the Stream" – Lorna Grant
"Tragedy" – Nick Hall
Fame Academy – The Finalists
Track listing:
"Yellow" – Alex Parks
"Words" – Alex Parks
"I Don't Want to Talk About It" – Alex Parks
"Tainted Love" – Alex Parks
"Wherever You Will Go" – Alistair Griffin
"Lately" – Alistair Griffin
"Truly Madly Deeply" – Alistair Griffin
"It Must Be Love" – Alistair Griffin
"Underneath Your Clothes" – Carolynne Good
"True Colors" – Carolynne Good
"It Must Have Been Love" – Carolynne Good
"Think Twice" – Carolynne Good
"In My Place" – Peter Brame
"Somewhere in My Heart" – James Fox
"Misty Blue" – Paris Campbell-Edwards
Fame Academy – Class Of 2003 (DVD)
In November 2003, a DVD, Fame Academy – Class Of 2003, was also released on the Universal label, featuring footage from the programme, live concerts, and previously unreleased material.
References
External links
BBC press release
Fame Academy Watch
Fame Academy Supporters Club
Student Profiles, CBBC does Fame Academy
Fame Academy Final, BBC News report.
Video clips
CBBC Video Vault (RealPlayer)
Fame Academy
2003 British television seasons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fame%20Academy%20%28series%202%29 |
Robert-Jan Derksen (born 3 January 1974) is a Dutch professional golfer.
Derksen was born in Nijmegen. He won the Dutch Amateur Championship four years in a row from 1993 to 1996 and turned professional in 1996.
Derksen began his professional career on the Asian Tour in 1997. At the end of the year, he returned to Europe and earned his European Tour card for the 1998 season via qualifying school. He initially struggled to maintain his place on the main tour and has returned to qualifying school on five occasions. He has not always been successful in regaining his card, dropping down to the second tier Challenge Tour twice, where he finished 8th on the end of season rankings in 2001. His first win on the European Tour came in 2003 at the prestigious Dubai Desert Classic. His only other title to date was the 2005 Madeira Island Open Caixa Geral de Depositos, a European and Challenge tour dual ranking event.
His best year-end ranking on the Order of Merit has been 36th in 2007.
In 2014 he said that he planned to retire at the end of the season.
Amateur wins (5)
1993 Dutch Amateur Championship
1994 Dutch Amateur Championship
1995 Dutch Amateur Championship
1996 Dutch Amateur Championship, Dutch Amateur Stroke Play Championship
Professional wins (2)
European Tour wins (2)
1Dual-ranking event with the Challenge Tour
Challenge Tour wins (1)
1Dual-ranking event with the European Tour
Results in major championships
Note: Derksen only played in The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
Results in World Golf Championships
"T" = Tied
Team appearances
Amateur
European Youths' Team Championship (representing the Netherlands): 1994
Eisenhower Trophy (representing the Netherlands): 1994
Professional
World Cup (representing the Netherlands): 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2011, 2013
References
External links
Dutch male golfers
European Tour golfers
Sportspeople from Nijmegen
Sportspeople from North Holland
People from Blaricum
1974 births
Living people
21st-century Dutch people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert-Jan%20Derksen |
Nicolae Kirculescu (December 28, 1903, in Corabia – December 31, 1985, in Recas) was a Romanian composer. He wrote music particularly for the stage and screen. One of his well-known works is Musical Moment for piano and orchestra, the musical theme of a Romanian television science program named Teleenciclopedia.
His compositions also include operetta, musical comedy/canzonetta and instrumental songs.
Nicolae Kirculescu was the last descendant of the Prince of Colona, Count of Coles, a family with confirmed records dating back to the year 400. Around 1920, Nicolae Kirculescu received his doctorate in law in Paris and also graduated from the Conservatory of Music in Vienna.
He made his debut as a composer in 1940 with the song "La căsuța cu zorele" and by 1963 he had composed music for 35 variety shows and more than 200 songs. Nicolae Kirculescu was married twice. He was married to Lizette Kirculescu and Marieta Bratu.
References
1903 births
1985 deaths
20th-century composers
Male musical theatre composers
Male television composers
Romanian composers
Romanian musical theatre composers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Kirculescu |
Oscar Joseph "Ossie" Vitt (January 4, 1890 – January 31, 1963) was a Major League Baseball third baseman and manager in the American League for the Detroit Tigers (1912–1918) and Boston Red Sox (1919–1921). Vitt later became manager of the Cleveland Indians (1938–1940), where he sometimes clashed with his players.
Playing career
Ossie Vitt was a product of the sandlots of San Francisco. He broke into the Pacific Coast League as third baseman for the San Francisco Seals in 1911. He later advanced to the majors as a utility infielder for the Detroit Tigers. Through his major league career, Vitt played 833 games at 3rd base and 161 games at 2nd base. As the Tigers' regular third baseman from 1915 through 1917, he never batted higher than .254. But he was described as a smart, scrappy baseball man.
Vitt had a career batting average of .238, and was a talented third baseman with range and a good throwing arm. His .960 fielding average in 10 years at 3rd base was 20 points higher than the Major League average for 3rd basemen of his era. He led all American League third basemen in consecutive years (1915 and 1916) in putouts, assists and fielding percentage. He had career highs at third base of 208 putouts (team record at 3B), 385 assists, and 32 double plays in 1916. His range factor of 3.93 in 1916 was 70 points higher than the league average for third basemen.
While not a good hitter for average, Vitt was a good contact hitter and one of the best bunters of the era—a valuable talent on a Detroit squad that included Ty Cobb, Sam Crawford, and Bobby Veach. His career total of 259 sacrifice hits (in a relatively short career) ranks 32nd best in major league history.
Vitt was also one of the toughest players to strike out in MLB history. For his career, he struck out an average of once every 26.6 at bats, 35th best in MLB history. In 1918, his at bat per strikeout ratio was 44.5, 2nd best in the AL.
On August 10, 1915, Vitt was hit in the head by a Walter Johnson fastball. After being knocked unconscious for five minutes‚ Vitt left the game with a concussion. Ty Cobb‚ observing Johnson's fear of hitting a batter‚ crowded the plate on Johnson from that point forward. Cobb hit .435 against Johnson after the Vitt incident.
On July 30, 1917, Cobb‚ Veach‚ and Vitt followed each other in the lineup‚ with each going 5-for-5.
On January 17, 1919, Vitt was traded by the Tigers to the Boston Red Sox for Eddie Ainsmith, Chick Shorten, and Slim Love.
Managerial Career and the "Cleveland Crybabies"
After playing in the majors for 10 years, Vitt was recommended to Oakland Oaks' owner Victor Devincinzi by the Yankees' management to manage the Oaks in 1935. His style was described as both abrasive and motivational, pushing the Oaks to a third-place finish.
Vitt moved on in the Yankees' organization the next year, managing their farm team in Newark. He was then hired by the Cleveland Indians in 1938 to replace Steve O'Neil as manager and instill new life into their team.
Vitt's role in the 1940 Cleveland Indians team known as the "Cleveland Crybabies" has become a baseball legend. "I don't want any lazy players on my club," said Vitt when he was hired. "If the boys won't hustle, out they go." Vitt's players felt they were being accused. In Vitt's first two seasons in Cleveland, the Indians finished third. Yet, there were frequent clashes between Vitt and his players, and the discontent festered.
On June 11, 1940, matters came to a head when he went to the mound to remove Mel Harder. "When are you going to start earning your salary?" asked Vitt of Harder, who had won at least 15 games for eight consecutive seasons, including two 20-win seasons. The team revolted, and many players signed a petition to have Vitt removed. After the incident with Harder, a dozen Indians met with owner Alva Bradley to state their grievances against Vitt, whom they described as a "wild man." They made it clear they hoped he would be fired. In the closed-door meeting between Indians players and owner, Harder told Bradley: "We think we have a good chance to win the pennant, but we'll never win it with Vitt as manager. If we can get rid of him, we can win. We feel sure about that." Bradley sought to keep the controversy quiet, but the story quickly got out, and newspaper headlines all over the nation referred gleefully to the Indians as the "Cleveland Crybabies."
Despite the hullabaloo and ridicule, the Indians, with Vitt hanging on to his job, battled the Detroit Tigers for the pennant to the last day of the 1940 season. Through June, the Indians were 42–25. After June, with the "Crybabies" harangue clanging in the papers and from the stands, they went 47–40, not a collapse, but not good enough to stay ahead of the Tigers who won the pennant by a single game over the Tribe. Bob Feller, a 27-game winner that year, lost the decisive game 2–0.
Managerial record
PCL Hall of Fame
Vitt was among those in the first class of inductees in 1943 in the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame.
See also
1915 Detroit Tigers season
Notes and references
External links
Baseball-Reference.com
Ossie Vitt - Baseballbiography.com
Article on 1940 Pennant Race
Oakland Oaks biography on Vitt
1890 births
1963 deaths
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from San Francisco
Boston Red Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
Cleveland Indians managers
Hollywood Stars managers
Hollywood Stars players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball third basemen
Oakland Oaks (baseball) managers
Portland Beavers managers
Salt Lake City Bees players
San Francisco Seals (baseball) players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossie%20Vitt |
The Kirby 23 is a sailboat that was designed by Canadian Bruce Kirby as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1985.
The Kirby 23 is a development of the Sonar, with a cabin modified for cruising use. It is very similar to the Blazer 23.
Production
The design was built by Ross Marine starting in 1985, with six boats completed, but it is now out of production.
Design
The Kirby 23 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fibreglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces and carries of ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the standard keel and is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and manoeuvring.
The design has a hull speed of .
See also
List of sailing boat types
Related development
Blazer 23
Sonar (keelboat)
References
External links
Photo of a Kirby 23
Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Bruce Kirby
Sailboat types built by Ross Marine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirby%2023 |
The Rockford Files is an American television drama series starring James Garner that aired on the NBC network between September 13, 1974, and January 10, 1980, and has remained in syndication to the present day. Garner portrays Los Angeles-based private investigator Jim Rockford with Noah Beery, Jr., in the supporting role of his father, a retired truck driver nicknamed "Rocky".
The series debuted with a made-for-TV movie simply titled The Rockford Files. During the series run, there were a number of two-part episodes, as well as long (90 or 120 minutes) episodes that were split into two parts for syndication (and on later DVD releases). Filming stopped in the middle of the sixth season (1979–80), on the advice of star James Garner's doctor. Garner, who had filmed many of his own stunts, had injured his back and knees and also developed an ulcer.
In the 1990s, after the settlement of several long-running legal actions between Garner's Cherokee Productions and Universal Studios, Rockford returned to the air in a series of eight TV movies on CBS.
Series overview
Episodes
TV movie pilot (1974)
"Backlash of the Hunter", starring James Garner (as Jim Rockford), Joe Santos (as Dennis Becker), and Stuart Margolin (as Angel Martin) all debut in their series roles. Also featured is Robert Donley as Joseph "Rocky" Rockford, a role that would be recast in the subsequent series. Lindsay Wagner plays the role of Sara Butler.
Season 1 (1974–75)
James Garner stars as Jim Rockford, and Noah Beery as his father Rocky. Joe Santos is a frequent recurring guest as Dennis Becker. Gretchen Corbett appears on a recurring basis as Beth. Stuart Margolin appears only twice as Angel, but his appearances will become more frequent as the series continues. Tom Atkins is seen on a recurring basis as Lt. Diehl.
Season 2 (1975–76)
Garner, Beery and Santos are now all billed as stars. Corbett, Margolin and Atkins are frequently recurring guests.
Season 3 (1976–77)
Garner, Beery and Santos are the series stars. Corbett and Margolin are frequently recurring guests. James Luisi begins his recurring role as Lt. Chapman.
Season 4 (1977–78)
Garner, Beery and Santos are the series stars. Corbett, Luisi and Margolin are frequently recurring guests, though Corbett leaves the show halfway through the season. Atkins returns for one episode.
Season 5 (1978–79)
Garner, Beery and Santos star. Luisi and Margolin are frequently recurring guests. Bo Hopkins is a recurring guest as John Cooper for this season only.
Season 6 (1979–80)
Garner, Beery and Santos star. Luisi and Margolin are frequently recurring guests.
Unproduced
The following four episodes were scripted and slated for production during season six. However, when Garner was forced to leave the series due to medical issues, the series was shut down and these episodes were never filmed.
· "Happy Father's Day" by Mark Griffiths
· "Some People Are Trouble" by Shel Willens
· "Never Trust a Boxx Boy" by Stephen J. Cannell
· "What Do You Want From Us?" by Juanita Bartlett
CBS TV movies
Writers
Stephen J. Cannell and Roy Huggins John Thomas James
They created the Rockford files together and wrote many episodes together and separately.
Robert Hamner
Gloryette Clark
Edward J. Lakso
Juanita Bartlett
Gordon Dawson
David Chase
David C. Taylor
Rudolph Borchert
Shel Willens
Rogers Turrentine
James Crocker
William R. Stratton
Charles Sailor
Eric Kaldor
Directors
William Wiard
directed 26 episodes
Lawrence Doheny
directed 12 episodes
Ivan Dixon
Directed 8 episodes
Jerry London
Directed 8 episodes
Reza Badiyi
Directed 7 episodes
Russ Mayberry
Directed 7 episodes
Meta Rosenberg
Directed 6 episodes
Jackie Cooper
Directed 5 episodes
Lou Antonio
Directed 3 episodes
Corey Allen
Directed 3 episodes
Stephen J. Cannell
Directed 3 episodes
John Patterson
Directed 2 episodes
Jeannot Szwarc
Directed 2 episodes
Vincent McEveety
Directed 2 episodes
Stuart Margolin (Angel Martin)
Directed 2 episodes
Joseph Pevney
Directed 1 episode
Michael Schultz
Directed 1 episode
Bernhard Kowalski
Directed 1 episode
Alex Grasshoff
Directed 1 episode
Charles S. Dubin
Directed 1 episode
Winrich Kolbe
Directed 1 episode
James Coburn
Directed 1 episode
James Garner
Directed 1 episode
Richard Crenna
Directed 1 episode
External links
List of episodes at imdb.com
Rockford Files
The Rockford Files | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20The%20Rockford%20Files%20episodes |
Peter McDonald (born 28 January 1972) is an Irish Oscar nominated stage and screen actor and director. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for his short film Pentecost.
Early life and education
He grew up in Mount Merrion, County Dublin. He was educated at St. Michael's College, Dublin and graduated from University College Dublin with a Bachelor of Arts, English and a Master of Fine Arts, English in 1994. He got his start in theatre as part of UCD's Drama Society and was a member of the Fly by Night Theatre Company.
Career
McDonald has appeared in films including Felicia's Journey (written and directed by Atom Egoyan, 1999) and When Brendan Met Trudy (written by Roddy Doyle and directed by Kieron J. Walsh, 2000); television series (the BBC's Sea of Souls and Channel 4's Green Wing); and theatre productions both in Dublin and London, including The Lieutenant of Inishmore and Days of Wine and Roses.
He co-starred with Jonathan Pryce and Aidan Gillen in Glengarry Glen Ross at the Apollo Theatre in 2007. He features prominently in RTÉ's comedy show Your Bad Self. He made his debut in 1997 as the character Git Hynes in the Irish comedy I Went Down, co-starring with Brendan Gleeson.
He wrote and directed Pentecost, a live action short film which was nominated for the 2012 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. He co-wrote and acted in the full-length movie, The Stag, which was nominated for six Irish Film and Television Academy (IFTA) awards in 2014.
He is currently filming for the new BBC Drama "This Town" a BBC drama by Steven Knight.
Theatre
Filmography
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1972 births
Irish male film actors
Irish male stage actors
Irish male television actors
Living people
Male actors from County Dublin
People educated at St Michael's College, Dublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20McDonald%20%28actor%29 |
This is a list of sound artists. Sound art is a diverse group of art practices that considers wide notions of sound, listening and hearing as its predominant focus. There is contention as to which artists are “sound artists” or if another category might be more accurate such as experimental music, electronic music, sound installation, circuit bending, sound sculpture, builder of experimental musical instruments, noise music, acoustic ecology, sound poetry, installation art, performance art or Fluxus.
Notes
Sound artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20sound%20artists |
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, goblins are a common and fairly weak race of evil humanoid monsters. Goblins are non-human monsters that low-level player characters often face in combat.
Influences
Goblins in Dungeons & Dragons are based primarily on the goblins portrayed in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-Earth. Goblins are presented as "evil" and "predisposed towards a society of brutal regimes where the strongest rule" in the game. In turn, D&D's goblins influenced later portrayals in games and fiction, such as the tabletop wargame Warhammer Fantasy Battle. They have also been compared to German kobolds. Unlike the goblins in Tolkien's works, the goblins of D&D are a separate race from orcs; instead, they are a part of the related species collectively referred to as goblinoids, which includes hobgoblins, bugbears, and others.
Publication history
The goblin first appeared in the fantasy supplement to the original "Chainmail" set, prior to appearing in the original Dungeons & Dragons game.
Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)
The goblin was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they were described simply as small monsters.
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)
The goblin appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where it is described as having a tribal society and dwelling in dismal surroundings.
The mythology and attitudes of the goblins are described in detail in Dragon #63 (July 1982), in Roger E. Moore's article, "The Humanoids."
In the article "Hey, Wanna Be a Kobold?" by Joseph Clay in Dragon #141 (January 1989), kobolds, xvarts, goblins, and orcs were presented as player character races along with two new character classes the "Shaman" and the "Witch Doctor".
Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)
This edition of the D&D game included its own version of the goblin, in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1977, 1981, 1983). The goblin was featured as a player character race in the gazetteer The Orcs of Thar (1989). Goblins were also later featured in the Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1991), the Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (1991), the Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1994), and the Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game set (1999).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)
The goblin appears first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), and is reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993).
The goblin is detailed as a playable character race in The Complete Book of Humanoids (1993). The book notes that goblins cannot be wizards. The goblin is later presented as a playable character race again in Player's Option: Skills & Powers (1995), and in the module Reverse Dungeon (2000).
The goblyn, a related creature in the Ravenloft campaign setting, appeared in the module Feast of Goblyns (1990), and the Monstrous Compendium Ravenloft Appendix (1991).
The Cerilian goblin for the Birthright campaign setting appeared in the Birthright Campaign Setting set (1995), and was reprinted in Monstrous Compendium Annual Three (1996).
Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002)
The goblin appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000).
Tactics for fighting goblins were described in "Vs. Goblins", by Bruce Cordell, in Dragon #275 (2000).
The Dekanter goblin was introduced in Monsters of Faerun (2000). Races of Faerûn (2003) presented the goblin and Dekanter goblin as player character races for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting.
The blue, a psionic relative of the goblin, appeared in the Psionics Handbook (2001).
The goblyn of Ravenloft appeared for this edition in Denizens of Darkness (2002).
Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)
The goblin appears in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003).
The blue appeared in the Expanded Psionics Handbook (2004).
The air goblin, the aquatic goblin, the arctic goblin, the desert goblin, and the jungle goblin were all introduced in Unearthed Arcana (2004). Monster Manual III (2004) introduced the forestkith goblin. The snow goblin appeared in Frostburn: Mastering the Perils of Ice and Snow (2004). The dark goblin appeared in Tome of Magic (2006). The vril, and the goblin flesh-herder appeared in Drow of the Underdark (2007).
The goblyn of Ravenloft was updated to this edition in Denizens of Dread (2004), but also appeared again in the Campaign Classics feature in Dragon #339 (January 2006).
Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)
The goblin appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008), including the goblin cutter, the goblin blackblade, the goblin warrior, the goblin sharpshooter, the goblin hexer, the goblin skullcleaver, and the goblin underboss. The bugbear and the hobgoblin also appear under the goblin entry in this edition's Monster Manual.
Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–present)
Goblins feature in the first segment of the adventure Lost Mine of Phandelver, included in the 5th edition Dungeons & Dragons Starter Set (2014). The goblin also appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2014), including the goblin boss. In Volo's Guide to Monsters Goblins, Hobgoblins, and Bugbears were featured as playable races under Monstrous Races. In Guildmasters' Guide to Ravnica Goblins were a playable race.
Description
In Dungeons & Dragons, goblins are small humanoid monsters. They vary in height from about 3 to 3 ½ feet (91 – 106 cm) and weigh 40 to 45 pounds (21 – 24 kg). They walk upright even though their arms nearly reach their knees. Their eyes vary from red to yellow and are usually dull and glazed. Described as "hideously ugly", they have a broad nose that sits on a flat face with pointed ears and a wide mouth. Their mouth contains small, but sharp fangs. Their skin pigment ranges from a deep red through nearly any shade of orange to yellow. Members of the same tribe tend to have the same skin color.
Society
Goblins usually live in tribes which are ruled by the strongest goblin in the group. These tribes vary in size from gangs of 4–9 to tribes of up to 400. Most larger tribes have wolves or dire wolves as mounts, or ally themselves with worgs, which also carry them into battle. Goblin tribes usually settle near civilized areas to raid for food, livestock, tools, weapons, and supplies. It is common for the leaders of goblin clans to be non-goblin (either other goblinoids or a different species entirely); such leaders are exploiting the goblins as disposable soldiers to further their purpose.
In most campaign settings, Maglubiyet, the god of war and rulership, is the chief deity of goblins. Other gods worshipped by the goblins include Khurgorbaeyag, the god of slavery, oppression, and morale, and Bargrivyek, the god of co-operation and territory.
Deities of other goblin races include Meriadar (deity of patience, tolerance, meditation, and arts and crafts) and Stalker (deity of hate, death, and cold), as well as the hobgoblin god Nomog-Geaya (deity of War and Authority), the bugbear gods Hruggek (deity of violence and combat), Grankhul (deity of hunting, senses, and surprise), and Skiggaret (deity of fear), as well as Kikanuti the goddess of the desert goblins, known as bhukas.
Goblin sub-races
Sub-races of goblin in Dungeons & Dragons include the snow goblin, the aquatic goblin, and the jungle goblin, each adapted to a particular environment.
Nilbog
Nilbogs are, according to the game description, a type of naturally-born but magical goblins that are healed by receiving damage and are damaged by healing spells. Furthermore, they project a paradox area effect in whose radius every intended action is twisted so that the exact opposite is carried out (i.e.: instead of hitting a nilbog with a weapon, one might end up attacking a companion; or instead of plundering a treasure hoard, an adventuring party under the influence of "nilbogism" might actually end up adding their own wealth to it). The name of this sub-species is "goblin" spelled backward, a reference to this reversal of effects.
Verdan
Introduced in the Acquisitions Incorporated supplement, the Verdan are a race of goblins subject to constant magical mutations due to a connection to a chaotic force of magic. The Verdan are notably taller than other goblins and less monstrous in appearance. Mutations, occurring at random throughout their lifespans, can cause changes to eye color, skin color, hair color, gender and/or sex. They live far longer than any other goblinoid, comfortably over two centuries. As a race, they are nomads, and their traveling has made them less prone to pettiness and violence than their other goblin cousins.
Other publishers
Goblins feature prominently in material for the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game from Paizo Publishing, which is based on the Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 rules. The goblins in Pathfinder, as detailed in Paizo's books Classic Monsters Revisited (2008) and Goblins of Golarion (2011), have a distinct characterization from their Dungeons & Dragons counterparts; reviewers have described them as "walking bundles of chaos and crazy".
Pathfinder's goblins are also central to Paizo's Free RPG Day modules We Be Goblins! (2011), We Be Goblins Too! (2013) and We Be Goblins Free! (2015), which feature goblins as player characters, as well as the licensed Dynamite Entertainment comic Pathfinder: Goblins!
In other media
Goblins are the protagonists in the Dungeons & Dragons-influenced webcomic Goblins. Goblins also feature prominently in another Dungeons & Dragons-influenced work, The Order of the Stick; a major antagonist, Redcloak, is a goblin cleric serving a deity known as the "Dark One".
A "Goblin Lair" is used as one of the sample encounters in the book Dungeon Master 4th Edition for Dummies.
Reception
Scott Baird from Screen Rant compiled a list of the game's "10 Most Powerful (And 10 Weakest) Monsters, Ranked" in 2018, calling this one of the weakest, saying "Goblins are purposely designed to be weak and ineffective in combat so that they can fulfill their role as the tutorial battle of Dungeons & Dragons." Baird also found goblins the most stereotypical of choices for a combat encounter for beginning characters.
In 2020, Comic Book Resources counted the goblin as # 10 on the list of "10 Powerful Monster Species That You Should Play As", stating that "They're pretty much everywhere in a fantasy setting and have so many variations that it is unlikely to not fit in a campaign. The traditional goblin is the equivalent of an internet troll, smallish, angry, looking to bully those it can and flee if the confrontation goes badly."
Paul Karczag and Lawrence Schick counted the goblin among the "five main "humanoid" races" in AD&D.
Cyril Pasteau for Backstab found goblins suitable opponents for characters of the lowest level.
References
Dungeons & Dragons creatures from folklore and mythology
Dungeons & Dragons humanoids
Dungeons & Dragons monsters
Fictional goblins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goblin%20%28Dungeons%20%26%20Dragons%29 |
Oblivion is a steel roller coaster located at Alton Towers in Staffordshire, England. The prototype Dive Coaster model from Bolliger & Mabillard opened to the public on 14 March 1998 and was marketed as the "world's first vertical drop roller coaster". With a maximum speed of , it is the third fastest roller coaster in the UK, behind The Big One at Blackpool Pleasure Beach and Stealth at Thorpe Park.
History
In Theme Park Review's YouTube video of the IAAPA 2011 trade show, Walter Bolliger stated that development of the Dive Coaster model began between 1994 and 1995. Throughout 1997, the Alton Towers park's 'Fantasy World' area was closed and all its former rides removed, except the Black Hole. The closure led to it being used for secretly constructing a new attraction known as "SW4" (a codename that stood for "Secret Weapon 4", after Nemesis' codename, "SW3"). The attraction's construction site was surrounded by a patrol guard who kept it hidden, and the park initially did not reveal much information about it to the general public. A fence was inserted into the area along with the sign announcing that a "world first ride opens [in] March 1998". Many people did not know of the then-upcoming ride other than that its building stage involved making a hole that gradually increased in size. When new parts of track appeared on the site, some grew suspicious about the project. Details about SW4 were not revealed until March 1998, including its name Oblivion and its status as the "worlds first vertical drop roller coaster". Oblivion was given a secret military theme, which was previously used for the park's earlier SW1 and SW2 coaster projects.
Oblivion's opening was accompanied by a large promotional campaign, including appearances on Blue Peter, news channels and Corn Flakes cereal box packets. Prior to its opening, memorabilia including its own brand of deodorant was available to purchase. The total cost to construct the ride was estimated at £12 million.
The park area containing Oblivion was redesigned as 'X Sector'. The only surviving ride from the former area was the Black Hole roller coaster, which was externally redesigned to suit the new theme. Alton Towers moved and rethemed two existing rides from other areas of the park to open with X-Sector, Energizer and Enterprise.
Despite advertising the ride as the "worlds first vertical drop rollercoaster", Oblivion's vertical drop is slightly less than 90 degrees, at 87.5 degrees. This is due to the trains lacking sprung wheel assemblies which would mean the transition from vertical to horizontal would be uncomfortable.
For a brief period in April 2011, the ride was sponsored by Fanta. The Fanta company also had put the Oblivion rollercoaster into one of their adverts to show that the brand was being sponsored there. However, much of the Fanta branding was removed after only a few months "following numerous complaints about the obtrusive nature of the brand".
On 8 May 2012, a reportedly suicidal 20-year-old man climbed over tall safety fencing and managed to access the underground ride area. He reportedly entered via the tunnel exit portal and walked underground, emerging on a ledge around the entrance portal. Neither he nor any guests on the ride were harmed. He was arrested for a public order offence and the ride returned to normal operation the following day.
Ride experience
The queue line spirals upward counterclockwise around a mound and passes through abstract buildings at various levels. Through the buildings, an unnamed man stood in darkness (played by actor Renny Krupinski) briefs riders from overhead television screens. In the heavily stylised videos, the sinister figure explains at length the supposed physical and psychological effects of riding on Oblivion. Although adapted from scientific fact, his monologues are deliberately exaggerated with hyperbole and dry humour. The third queueline video features an alter-ego character (who appears glowing white) arguing with his counterpart as to whether Oblivion is truly safe for riders. This was removed in 2015 after The Smiler crash.
The queue then splits and crosses caged bridges into the station building. Here riders are batched into rows and board the ride cars. Technical graphics are displayed on overhead screens, which change to play a final monologue upon dispatch.
The cars accommodate sixteen passengers in two rows of eight with a tiered seating arrangement. The roller coaster has a simple layout with a 180 ft drop at 87.5 degrees and reaches 68 mph. The car slowly ascends 60 feet at a 45-degree angle to build tension, then levels out and travels slowly through a turn towards the drop. The turn uses a horizontal chain mechanism not used on any other B&M dive coaster.
The car reaches the drop and pauses facing over the edge for a moment. The car is then released, free-falling into the underground tunnel. Upon exiting the other side, a high-banked turn takes riders around into the brake run. There are two on-ride photos; one at the start of the drop and the other at the end of the high-banked turn.
Legacy
Oblivion is classified as the first Dive Coaster, a model from Bolliger & Mabillard with a vertical angle of around 87.5 degrees. The second Dive Coaster, Diving Machine G5, opened at Janfusun Fancyworld in 2000 with an 87.5 degree angle, a 179 ft drop, and a g-force of 5.0; it also featured a mirror of the layout of Oblivion. Five years later, SheiKra opened at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay as the first Dive Coaster with a 90 degree vertical drop and a splashdown element. In 2015, a ride named Oblivion: The Black Hole opened at Gardaland, becoming the first vertical drop roller coaster in Italy.
References
External links
Oblivion at the official Alton Towers website
Oblivion review and photos on T-Park
Dive Coaster roller coasters
Roller coasters in the United Kingdom
Roller coasters operated by Merlin Entertainments
Roller coasters introduced in 1998
Alton Towers
Rides designed by John Wardley
Dive Coasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblivion%20%28roller%20coaster%29 |
Integrated Engineering is a multi-disciplinary, design-project-based engineering degree program.
Integrated Engineering is a program created to meet the demand for engineers skilled in various disciplines, combining aspects from traditional engineering studies and liberal arts. The demand arises from the current state of industry, where both the products manufactured and the plants which make the products are progressing towards greater diversity and sophistication. Recent studies had shown concern in both Canada and in the United States that engineering graduates were not well-prepared for many of today's multi-disciplinary and project-based workplaces. Several committees have been formed to study this and have published some material. One Canadian study was done by the Canadian Academy of Engineering and two of its main conclusions were:
Engineering faculties should ensure that breadth of learning, beyond the technical aspects of the specialist engineering discipline, is a major thrust in engineering education.
The engineering curriculum should emphasize problem-solving, design, and the development of the learning skills of their students.
Integrated Engineers acquire background in core disciplines such as: materials, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and systems involving chemical, electro-mechanical, and biological components.
Academia and Accreditation
Institutions
Currently, the following academic institutions are known to offer Integrated Engineering programs:
Canada
University of British Columbia
University of Western Ontario
UK
The New Model Institute for Technology and Engineering (NMITE)
University of Bath
University of Cardiff
University of Liverpool
University of Nottingham
Anglia Ruskin University
University Centre Peterborough
United States
Lafayette College
Lehigh University
Southern Utah University
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Germany
Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW)
South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences
Estonia
Tallinn University of Technology
Korea
Chung-Ang University
Trinidad and Tobago
University of Trinidad and Tobago
Canada
Integrated Engineering originated at the University of Western Ontario in Ontario, Canada and in 2000 the Applied Science Faculty of the University of British Columbia also began a degree program for Integrated Engineering.
In Canada, the program has been fully accredited by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board and engineers are able to obtain a Professional Engineer (P.Eng) Certificate.
United Kingdom
In 1988, the Engineering Council UK, identified the need for routes to qualification for Chartered (Professional) Engineers that:
meet the identified needs of industry,
increase access to engineering education by more students,
provide a balanced curriculum combining the subjects that engineers use most often and directed towards the needs of the majority of engineers.
This is the fundamental definition for Integrated Engineering.
The qualities looked for by industry when recruiting graduates were identified as:
flexibility and broad education,
ability to understand non engineering functions,
ability to solve problems,
knowledge of the principles of engineering and ability to apply them in practical situations,
information skills,
experience of project work, especially cross linked projects,
ability to work as a member of a team,
presentation and communication skills.
Engineering Council UK, 1988, An Integrated Engineering Degree Programme. Engineering Council UK, 1988, Admissions to Universities - Action to increase the supply of engineers.
Following open competition for additional funding provided by the UK Department for Technology and Industry, and industrial supporters including British Petroleum, six universities were selected from thirty three applicants. Four "Pilot Programmes" were launched at Cardiff University, Nottingham Trent University, Portsmouth University and Sheffield Hallam University.
In 1989, The Nottingham Trent University (UK) admitted students to first of the Engineering Council's new Integrated Engineering Degree Programme courses. The course was accredited, at the CEng and European Engineer level, by the Institutions of Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineers and Manufacturing Engineers.
Generic engineering programmes are common. Integrated Engineering is distinct through emphasizing the development of personal competencies, especially the ability of students to work within groups. It is design led, and integration of all the subjects of study is a defining characteristic, achieved partly through the medium of project based learning.
Following the successful experience at The Nottingham Trent University, Integrated Engineering programmes were established in 1993, at selected universities in Bulgaria and Hungary, with the aid of European Union funding granted under the Tempus Programme.
In University of Liverpool, the Integrated Engineering Program is accredited by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and can lead to Chartered Engineer status.
In Anglia Ruskin University, the Integrated Engineering Program is accredited by the Institution of Engineering and Technology, and can lead to Incorporated Engineer status.
United States
In the U.S. there are several Integrated engineering education programs.
Southern Utah University requires its students to pass the Fundamentals of Engineering exam (FE) before they graduate; and received ABET accreditation in 2004 that extended retroactively through October 2003. The graduates are also able to obtain a Professional Engineer (P.E.) license.
Minnesota State University, Mankato has developed a collaborative Integrated engineering program to provide engineering education at MNSCU Community Colleges in the Northern Higher Education District in former Iron Range communities. This partnership allows students to stay near home, while earning a bachelor of science in integrated engineering while focusing on local engineering needs of manufacturers and businesses. As part of the program students are also required to sit for the FE examination prior to graduation and are eligible to sit for the P.E. exam license as the program is also ABET accredited.
Germany
In Germany the [(Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW))] introduced a flexible M.Eng. program in 2015, to fit to the industrial demand for generally educated engineers for Integrated Industry, known as Industry 4.0 in Germany. The graduated school program "Integrated Engineering" is administered at the Center for Advances Studies in Heilbronn and requires at least two years professional experience as an engineer for admission.
Korea
In Korea the Department of Integrative Engineering at Chung-Ang University aims to develop human resources that will contribute to building a knowledge infrastructure by effectively responding to rapid educational and social changes.
The department will focus on developing fundamental and application technologies by realizing future-oriented converging technologies and, through a global network, on strengthening convergence-related competitiveness at the university and national level. To accomplish the goals, based on imaginative education using an innovative system, the department will develop “integrative engineering” people who are equipped with initiative research abilities.
Trinidad and Tobago
The Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.S.c) and Master of Engineering (M.Eng) programs in Utilities Engineering was validated in December 2008 at the University of Trinidad and Tobago. These programs are geared towards the Electrical and Mechanical engineering disciplines that exist within the broad area of Integrated Engineering.
Prior to the introduction of the programs most of the engineers in the utilities sector were specialized in one branch of engineering mainly Electrical or Mechanical. The sector required an engineer who was multi-skilled and versed in both disciplines. The Utilities Engineer therefore performs a wide range of maintenance and operational duties in the following industries:
Process Industry,
Electric Utilities (generation, distribution and efficient utilization),
Transportation Industry,
Processing and Manufacturing Industry,
Water and sanitation industry,
Mining and Smelting Industry,
Renewable and Green Energy Industry.
See also
University of Western Ontario
University of British Columbia
Engineering Undergraduate Society of the University of British Columbia
Southern Utah University
Chung-Ang University
References
External links
Southern Utah University: Integrated Engineering and Pre-Engineering
University of British Columbia: Integrated Engineering
University of Western Ontario: Integrated Engineering
University of Liverpool: Integrated Engineering
University of Windsor: Integrated Engineering
University of Nottingham: Integrated Engineering
Anglia Ruskin University
University Centre Peterborough
Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea: Integrative Engineering
University of Trinidad and Tobago: Utilities Engineering
Engineering education | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20engineering |
Yogurting ( Yogureuting) was an MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) developed by NTIX Soft in South Korea and released as open-beta on May 10, 2005, and was also released in Japan on November 24, 2005.
Yogurting was an online RPG of modern school life. It took place in "Estiva Academy" and "So-weol Academy" and solves the mystery of Endless Vacation Phenomenon. This is an event that spanned the whole game, causing all teachers and schools to disappear, hence the name "endless vacation".
A promotional video released in June 2005 entitled "Always", featuring Koyote member Shin Ji.
Shu Shibato, Sayaka Gojo produced webcomics based on the video game.
Scott Sharkey from 1UP.com awarded Yogurting for #2 in "Worst Games, Best Names" category.
This game is no longer in service. The Japanese server shut down in May, 2010. In Thailand, servers shut down on March 29, 2011.
A related mobile puzzle game titled Yogurting Pop was first released in November 2014.
Notes
External links
Yogurting Website (in Japanese)
Yogurting Website (in Thai)
Official Announcement of Japanese Server Shutdown (in Japanese)
SignIn Webcomic based on Yogurting
Yogurting Community in Thailand (in Thai)
2005 video games
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Video games developed in South Korea
Windows games
Windows-only games
Video games with cel-shaded animation
2011 disestablishments in South Korea
Inactive massively multiplayer online games
Products and services discontinued in 2011
Works about vacationing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurting |
Hearing
Installation art
Irma Hünerfauth
NIME
Performance art
Planephones
Radio art
Site-specific art
Site-specific theatre
Sound architecture
Sound poetry
Sound recording
Soundwalk
Stereo
Synesthesia
Tape music
Text-sound
Transmission
Waveform
Arts-related lists
Wikipedia indexes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20articles%20related%20to%20sound%20art |
Fridlevus I is one of the legendary Danish kings described in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum.
Text
Notes
References
Davidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.) and Peter Fisher (tr.) (1999). Saxo Grammaticus : The History of the Danes : Books I-IX. Bury St Edmunds: St Edmundsbury Press. . First published 1979–1980.
Elton, Oliver (tr.) (1905). The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus. New York: Norroena Society. Available online
Olrik, J. and H. Ræder (1931). Saxo Grammaticus : Gesta Danorum. Available online
Mythological kings of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridlevus%20I |
Bo Stefan M. Eriksson (born December 14, 1961) is a Swedish video game developer and criminal from Uppsala involved in the British gaming company Gizmondo with his business partner Carl Freer, until it became insolvent in 2005. In February 2006, he became known for wrecking an Enzo Ferrari in Malibu, California, USA. He was the leader of the loose criminal organization "Uppsalamaffian" (The Uppsala mafia) until he began to develop the Gizmondo.
Early life
Eriksson became known by the Swedish police as Tjock-Steffe ("Fat Steve") or, The Banker, by the local mob in Sweden's fourth largest city of Uppsala, roughly 60 km north of Stockholm. An auto body shop worker, he started his criminal career with thefts and a three-month prison term in 1981, followed in 1988 by another term of 3½ years for cocaine and arms-related convictions.
In the early 90s, Eriksson became the head of a group the Swedish press dubbed Uppsalamaffian (the "Uppsala mafia" or "Uppsala mob"), which was responsible for high-profile, violent crimes, up until then rarely seen in the country. Known as a playboy, he often showed off a , 63' Sea Ray offshore race boat, with a top speed of . He named it Snövit (Snow White), and docked it on a small river in downtown Uppsala. He was also seen driving a Mercedes SL with the license plate reading "GEO" (in Swedish, it is pronounced similar to the Cuban slang llello ("yeyo") for cocaine, used by Al Pacino in the 1983 movie Scarface.) With a legal front Kanoninkasso ("Cannon debt collectors"), the group collected debts using threats and violence. Establishing a reputation, they started to dress in expensive suits and hold "business meetings" in exclusive Stockholm hotels. Attempting to defraud the Swedish Bank Giro Central of 22 million kronor, Eriksson was found guilty of fraud and counterfeiting. In 1993 and 1994, Eriksson was sentenced to ten years in prison, though he only served half his sentence. Court documents show Eriksson and a partner broke into a man's home, destroyed his property, and punched him repeatedly in the face. Eriksson also held a knife to the man's throat, threatened to cut off his fingers, and finally shoved a gun into the man's mouth. The Swedish police had great difficulty finding people who dared to testify, and the head witness later survived two bomb attacks.
Gizmondo
In 2001, Eriksson joined the UK-based company Gizmondo, which intended to rival Nintendo and Sony for the handheld videogames market. Eriksson's salary in 2004 was £1.1 million, with bonuses amounting to another £145,000 and a car allowance of £5,000 per month.
In an attempt to promote the product, Eriksson competed at the 24 hours of Le Mans. He arrived in a grey Enzo Ferrari and entered the race in the Gizmondo-sponsored Ferrari 360 Modena GTC in 2005 but retired during the morning with mechanical troubles. In October 2005, a Swedish paper revealed irregularities in the business dealings of Gizmondo, and the criminal past of some members of management, including Eriksson. Eriksson, and others resigned, and the company filed for bankruptcy after using up $300M, 90% in its last six months. The company was also involved in various litigation: Swedish Ogilvy Group, MTV, and former Formula 1 team Jordan Grand Prix all filed million dollar suits. In August, shortly before his resignation, Gizmondo relocated Eriksson to California for its U.S. launch. Subsequently, questions arose regarding how a convicted felon like Eriksson was able to enter the country, In early 2006, with ideas similar to now-defunct Gizmondo's Smart Adds, the virtual mobile operator (MVNO) XeroMobile was started through Eriksson's earlier partners.
Car crash
On February 21, 2006, Eriksson lost control of an Enzo Ferrari sports car, valued at over $2,000,000 USD, while allegedly driving at a high speed and intoxicated along Pacific Coast Highway in California. The car careened off an embankment outside Malibu and hit a pole at about . The impact of the crash was so violent, it split the car in half. Eriksson and the Irish-born American Trevor Karney were found at the site. Eriksson claimed to be a passenger in the Ferrari, and that a man he only knew as "Dietrich" was the driver. Karney claimed to be the passenger of a Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren that was racing the Ferrari. Neither Dietrich nor the Mercedes were to be found, and the police concluded that Eriksson was the driver and Karney the passenger, and that neither "Dietrich" nor the McLaren existed. Furthermore, the extent of Eriksson's injuries amounted to a cut lip, and blood was found on the driver-side airbag.
Investigators confirmed the existence of the videotape of the accident shot from inside the car. The video showed the speedometer giving the reading right before it malfunctioned due to the crash. The tape is believed to be with Karney.
Eriksson brandished a business card claiming to be a deputy police commissioner with the San Gabriel Valley Transit Authority (whose founder was later arrested for perjury in connection with the case), and Karney borrowed a phone in a passerby's car where he tucked away a magazine for a Glock pistol. Two men showed up to speak with Eriksson, claiming to be from the Department of Homeland Security.
On March 29, 2006, Nicole Persson, Eriksson's fiancee, was pulled over while driving a 2005 Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren. She was pulled over because the officer found the car's European license plate suspicious. It was discovered that Persson did not have a valid driver's license. The police found the car to be unregistered, carrying British license plates, and illegally exported from Britain. Further investigation revealed that the crashed red Ferrari, a second black Ferrari, and two other Mercedes-Benz cars were also unregistered and illegally exported. It was found that all five cars, valued at $10.8 million, were leased in Britain. Moreover, lease payments for them had ceased; and that after the export, the Mercedes was reported stolen in Britain with insurance pay-out. Footage of Eriksson in his black Ferrari, shot by the founders of a car enthusiast website, Car-parazzi.com, was held as evidence against him by European authorities.
Police investigation
Police raided Eriksson's Bel Air home on April 8, 2006. Eriksson, preparing to leave the US, was arrested on suspicion of embezzlement, grand theft auto, drunken driving, cocaine possession, and weapons charges stemming from a Magnum handgun encountered during the search. He initially faced up to 14 years in prison, which was later reduced in a plea bargain. In May, misdemeanor hit and run and driving without a California license and insurance were added in relation to a Porsche Cayenne allegedly driven by Eriksson rear-ending an SUV near his Bel Air home on January 4.
On May 9, 2006, police raided the San Gabriel Valley Transit Authority (a minor bus service for area senior citizens), arresting its owner and confiscating guns, badges, and a vehicle equipped to be an unmarked police car.
On November 3, 2006, a mistrial was declared after a two-week trial, when the jury was deadlocked 10-2 toward convicting Eriksson. Eriksson was represented at trial by Jim Parkman, who successfully represented former Healthsouth CEO Richard Scrushy. Eriksson was also represented by Parkman's partner, William White, as well as Los Angeles criminal attorney Alec Rose. The prosecution indicated their intent to retry the case.
Eriksson accepted a plea bargain for three years in jail and deportation. He pleaded guilty to two counts of embezzlement and one count of illegal gun possession. He avoided an auto theft charge. Eriksson was released from prison on January 21, 2008.
He was deported back to Sweden where he soon received an 18-month prison sentence for extortion and aggravated assault after pouring petrol on a target of his debt collection services. In October 2014, he was facing further charges of possession of cocaine and other drugs, and driving under the influence of drugs.
In the media
In March 2015, the stage play Tjock-Steffe premiered in his home town of Uppsala based on his life in the "Uppsala Mafia", Gizmondo and the subsequent car crash that propelled him to global notoriety.
Racing record
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
References
1961 births
Living people
Swedish gangsters
Swedish fraudsters
Swedish racing drivers
People from Uppsala
Prisoners and detainees of California
Gizmondo
Swedish people imprisoned abroad
People deported from the United States
Swedish video game designers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Eriksson |
William MacFadyen (23 June 1904 – 20 January 1971) was a Scottish football player and manager. A goalscoring centre forward, his 52 league goals for Motherwell's 1931–32 championship winning side remains the record goals total for a single season in Scottish League history. He also topped the scoring charts again the following season, netting 45 times. In total, he scored 251 league goals for Motherwell – the eighth-best top flight total in Scottish League history.
Playing career
Born in Overtown, Lanarkshire, MacFadyen played junior football for Wishaw YMCA before beginning his Motherwell career in 1921. Before establishing himself at Fir Park, he spent periods on loan with Bo'ness and Clyde. As well as the 1932 league title, he gained two Scottish Cup runners-up medals while at Motherwell, in 1931 and 1933. He appeared for Scotland twice during 1933, against Wales and Austria. Despite scoring in both matches, he wasn't selected for international duty again, although he did also represent the Scottish League against the Irish League in 1934, scoring twice.
After leaving Motherwell, he played for Huddersfield Town, for whom he appeared in the 1938 FA Cup Final, and Clapton Orient. In the 1939–40 season he appeared for Mossley making 16 appearances and scoring three goals. During the Second World War, he served in the Royal Air Force and was a guest player for Blackpool, Huddersfield, Nottingham Forest and Rochdale.
Management and later life
In October 1945, MacFadyen was appointed as secretary-manager of Dundee United, a position he would hold for nine years. While he led the club to a memorable Scottish Cup giant killing against Celtic in 1949, he also oversaw United's record defeat when they lost 12–1 against the team where MacFadyen had been idolised as a player, Motherwell. He resigned from his post not long afterwards, in August 1954.
The Dundee United job was to be his last in football. After leaving the game, he worked as a physiotherapist and chiropodist. MacFadyen died in 1971.
His son Ian was also a footballer who played for Dundee United's reserve side while his father was manager, then moved to Motherwell around the time Willie also left the club, returning to Tannadice for one season in 1959.
On 27 September 2022, it was announced that MacFadyen was to be inducted into the Motherwell F.C. Hall of Fame.
Honours
Player
Motherwell
Scottish League: 1931–32
Scottish Cup runner-up: 1930–31, 1932–33
Huddersfield Town
FA Cup runner-up: 1938
See also
List of Dundee United F.C. managers
List of footballers in Scotland by number of league goals (200+)
List of Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
List of Motherwell F.C. players
List of Scotland international footballers (2–3 caps)
References
External links
1904 births
1971 deaths
Men's association football forwards
Bo'ness F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Dundee United F.C. managers
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. wartime guest players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Motherwell F.C. players
Footballers from North Lanarkshire
Scotland men's international footballers
Scottish Football League managers
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Football League representative players
Scottish football managers
Scottish men's footballers
English Football League players
Scottish league football top scorers
Blackpool F.C. wartime guest players
Nottingham Forest F.C. wartime guest players
Rochdale A.F.C. wartime guest players
Mossley A.F.C. players
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie%20MacFadyen |
Aphthovirus (from the Greek -, vesicles in the mouth) is a viral genus of the family Picornaviridae. Aphthoviruses infect split-hooved animals, and include the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease, Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). There are seven FMDV serotypes: A, O, C, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3 and Asia 1, and four non-FMDV serotypes belonging to three additional species Bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) and Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV).
Structure
Aphthoviruses are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid with a diameter of around 27 to 30 nm. The assembled viral capsid contains a single copy of the RNA genome and 60 copies of the four viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. The protomers form the sides of the icosahedral capsid. The VP4 protein is internal.
Genome
The aphthoviruses are differentiated from other picornaviruses as they have a larger genome (7.5–8.5 kilobases). The genome is non-segmented and consists of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA. It contains a single open reading frame with a 5' end linked protein (VPg), which is associated with the genome via a phosphodiester bond linked to a tyrosine residue. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the genome contains a poly(C) tract and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), while the 3' UTR is polyadenylated. The P1 region encodes the structural proteins. The P2 and P3 regions encode the nonstructural proteins associated with replication.
Replication
Aphthoviruses replicate in a similar fashion to all picornaviruses. Replication is cytoplasmic and initially involves attachment of the exogenous virus to the cell membrane. Attachment to the membrane and subsequent entry into the cell is mediated by a membrane receptor. After genome replication within the cytoplasm, virion assembly occurs and new virus particles aggregate within the cell. Release of virus particles is mediated by cell lysis.
Recombination
The aphthovirus RNA genome is able to undergo genetic recombination. Recombination occurs at a large number of genomic sites indicating that RNA recombination in aphthovirus is a general, rather than a site specific, phenomenon.
Pathology and ecology
Aphthoviruses include the causative agents of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which primarily affects livestock such as cattle, swine, sheep and goats. FMD was first discovered in Italy in the 16th century. Since then, the prevalence of the disease has remained, despite many countries being declared FMD-free. Endemic regions of the disease include areas of Africa, Asia and South America. The virus commonly persists in animal feed and is able to survive environmentally for up to one month. Eradication of FMD in endemic areas has been difficult, despite the availability of a vaccine.
Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) was first isolated from horses in the 1960s and 1970s showing acute febrile respiratory disease signs, including fever, cough, clear nasal discharge and lethargy. Given its similarity to the common cold in humans (caused by another picornavirus, rhinovirus), ERAV was initially named "equine rhinovirus 1". Modern molecular biology techniques such as nucleotide sequencing demonstrated that ERAV was in fact more closely related to FMDV, and was reclassified to the genus Aphthovirus.
See also
Animal virology
References
External links
Aphthovirus summary from the Iziko Museums of Cape Town, South Africa.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease summary from the US Department of Agriculture.
Aphthovirus
Animal viruses
Viralzone: Aphtovirus
ICTV
Virus genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphthovirus |
Bubble Ghost is an action video game originally created by Christophe Andréani for the Atari ST and published by ERE Informatique in 1987. The player controls a ghost who by blowing guides a floating bubble throughout a number of halls in a haunted house, while avoiding obstacles that can make the bubble pop.
Gameplay
The objective is to guide a bubble throughout a number of halls in a haunted house. If the bubble hits any walls or obstacles, then it will pop and the player loses a life. Obstacles include lit candles, electricity and fans. These can be all controlled by the ghost, who can wander around the level freely and blow at things - such as the bubble to add speed, the candle to put out the flame, or switches to turn them on or off.
The ghost is controlled using the mouse. A press on the left button of the mouse makes the ghost rotate to the left. A press on the right button of the mouse makes the ghost rotate to the right. A press on a keyboard key (Shift) makes the ghost blow.
The game is made of 35 halls (levels). Each time the player makes the bubble exit a hall, he wins 1000 points + left bonus. Action on animation may add 5000 points to the player. The bonus is re-initialized at every new hall. A new bubble is added to the player account each time the bubble exits towards the top of the hall.
Ports
The original Bubble Ghost was created by Christophe Andréani (design, programming) on an Atari ST computer. The game has been adapted for other computers throughout the world.
Some years later, ERE Informatique was bought by Infogrames. Infogrames published a new version of Bubble Ghost with updated graphics, Bubble + (Bubble Plus).
A Game Boy version was published in 1990. It was the first French game adapted for the Game Boy.
Gallery
Development
The game was programmed in C (editor and compiler: Megamax C) and 68000 assembly language on an Atari 1040 ST computer. The graphics were made with the Degas Elite drawing software. The digital sound of the introductory page of the game ("Welcome to Bubble Ghost") was built using ST Replay. This is the author's voice. The other sound effects use the synthesizer inside the Atari ST.
Here are some notes from the author when creating the game:
Reception
The following French magazines have published Bubble Ghost reviews:
SVM Science et Vie Micro #45, December 1987 (Atari ST version) Download magazine
Tilt #49, December 1987 (Atari ST version) Download magazine
ST Magazine #14, November/December 1987 (Atari ST version) Download magazine
Micro News #6, November/December 1987 (Atari ST version)
Le Tatou #10, December 1987 (Atari ST version)
1ST (FirST) #4, December 1987 (Atari ST version) Download magazine
Jeux et Stratégie #48, December 1987 (Atari ST version)
Génération 4 #2, December 1987 (Atari ST version) Download magazine
Amstrad Cent Pour Cent #1, February 1988 (Amstrad CPC version) Download magazine
Tilt #52, March 1988 (Amstrad CPC version) Download magazine
Tilt #57, September 1988 (Amiga version) Download magazine
Génération 4 Hors série #2, oct/nov/dec 1990 (Game Boy version) Download magazine
Génération 4 #31, March 1991 (Game Boy version) Download magazine
Player One #18, March 1992 (Game Boy version) Download magazine
Joypad #7, April 1992 (Game Boy version) Download magazine
Consoles + #7, March 1992 (Game Boy version) Download magazine
The following US magazines has published Bubble Ghost reviews:
VideoGames and Computer Entertainment, USA, April 1991 (Game Boy version)
Antic Vol.7 #7, November 1988 (Atari ST version) See review
ST-Log Issue 24, October 1988 (Atari ST version) See review
ST-Log Issue 26, December 1988 (Atari ST version) See review
The following French magazines have published Bubble + (Bubble Plus) reviews:
Génération 4 #22, May 1990 (Atari ST and Amiga version) Download magazine
Micro News #35, May 1990 (Atari ST version) Download magazine
Tilt #79, June 1990 (Atari ST version) Download magazine
References
External links
Bubble Ghost at MobyGames
Bubble Ghost at Atari Mania
Bubble Ghost at Hall of Light
Christophe Andréani's website
Retro Decouverte author's interview
1987 video games
Accolade (company) games
Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Apple IIGS games
Atari ST games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Game Boy games
Video games about ghosts
Infogrames games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Piko Interactive games
Pony Canyon games
Assembly language software
Video games scored by Hitoshi Sakimoto
Video games developed in France
Windows games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble%20Ghost |
Prince Kasper Doenhoff (, , 1587–1645) was a Polish nobleman of Baltic-German extraction, a Reichsfürst of the Holy Roman Empire and Governor of Dorpat Province within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Upon converting to Catholicism, he became a trusted courtier and advisor to Sigismund III of Poland.
Early life
Doenhoff was the son of Gerhard von Dönhoff (1554-1598) and his wife, Margaretha von Zweiffeln (1555-1622). He was the brother of Ernst Magnus von Dönhoff (Governor of Parnawa) (1581-1642), Hermann von Dönhoff (1591-1620) and Gerhard von Dönhoff, Governor of Pomorze (1590-1648) and Anna von Maydel (1585-1639).
Titles
He became titular Governor of Dorpat (1627–34) (although already in 1625 the town had capitulated to Sweden and was never reobtained by the Poles); from 1633, Count of the Holy Roman Empire (along with Ernst and Gerhard von Dönhoff); Governor of Sieradz (1634–45); Court Marshal of the Queen (from 1639); and starosta of Wieluń, Lauenburg (Lębork), Radomsko, Bolesławiec, Sokal, Małoszyce, Sobowidze and Klonowo.
In the Holy Roman Empire, he was a noble (Reichsfürst); count (from 1635); prince (from 1637); and court marshal.
Life
A member of an old Westphalian, Prussian and Baltic-German House of Dönhoff, that also included Ernst Magnus Dönhoff and Marion Dönhoff, Kasper became a military commander (rotmistrz of reiters), a favorite of King Sigismund III Vasa (after his conversion) and one of the most prominent members of the "court faction" that advocated strengthening the Polish monarch's power.
As a courtier of King Władysław IV Vasa, Doenhoff was sent with a diplomatic mission to propose the marriage of Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria, daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, to Władysław IV. The mission was successful, and Kasper also received noble titles from the Holy Roman Emperor.
In Poland
Kasper Doenhoff was the first member of his family to enter the magnate ruling elite of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, thereby laying the foundations for his family's fortune.
He was influential and wealthy, enabling him to fund several interesting construction projects, mostly in Sieradz Province. He ordered the rebuilding of a medieval castle at Bolesławiec (of which he was starosta), on the Prosna River, into a new residence, complete with Italian garden. Around 1630 he sponsored a Renaissance-Baroque castle in Kruszyna — the last residential complex in Poland planned around a Renaissance-style internal yard, but already with a Baroque-style grand front yard and garden.
Kruszyna was Doenhoff's main residence; but it was inconveniently located far from the new Commonwealth capital, Warsaw. Hence in 1636 Doenhoff bought and rebuilt another estate, in Ujazd, where he replaced the old castle with a Baroque palace.
Toward the end of his life, he ordered the construction of a family necropolis, centered around a domed chapel, in the Jasna Góra sanctuary at Częstochowa. It was completed by his descendants.
Despite his ownership of several castles, Doenhoff often resided in a modest manor (dworek szlachecki) near the royal residence at Warsaw.
Personal life
In 1620 he married Anna Aleksandra Koniecpolska (1598-1651). They had four children:
Prince Aleksander von Dönhoff (d. 1671)
Prince Stanislaw von Dönhoff (d. 1653), married Princess Anna Eufemia Radziwill (1628-1663), had issue
Princess Anna von Dönhoff (1620-1651), married Bogusław Leszczyński and became great-grandmother of Marie Leszczyńska
Prince Zygmunt von Dönhoff (1621-1655), married Princess Teresa Krystina Ossolinska (d. 1651); had issue
See also
Stanisław Ernest Denhoff (1673-1728)
References
Kajzer L., "A Sieradz 'Palace Decade'? Kacper Denhoff'S Foundations in the First Half of the 17th Century," Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej (Quarterly of the History of Material Culture), vol. 52, no. 4, 2004, pp. 403–18.
https://web.archive.org/web/20110725022228/http://genealog.home.pl/gd/szablony/osoba.php?lang=pl&id=016413
1587 births
1645 deaths
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism
Polish Roman Catholics
Polish Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
Polish Counts of the Holy Roman Empire
17th-century Polish nobility
Baltic-German people
Kasper Doenhoff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasper%20Doenhoff |
Anderson Luís de Abreu Oliveira (born 13 April 1988), commonly known as Anderson, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who works as assistant manager of Adana Demirspor. He played as a midfielder and known best for his tenure with Manchester United from 2007 to 2015.
Born in Porto Alegre, he began his career with Grêmio, joining the youth team before rising through the ranks. His goal against Náutico during the 2005 play-offs earned Grêmio promotion to the Brazilian Série A. In January 2006, Anderson moved to Porto. There, he won the Primeira Liga twice, along with the Taça de Portugal and Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira during the 2005–06 season. After 18 months in Portugal, he joined English club Manchester United, with whom he won the Premier League title four times, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League, one League Cup, the FIFA Club World Cup and two FA Community Shields. He fell out of favour at Manchester United following the departure of manager Alex Ferguson in 2013, and spent the second half of the 2013–14 season at Fiorentina before returning to Brazil with Internacional in January 2015. He went on loan to Coritiba in 2017, before returning to Europe in 2018 with Turkish side Adana Demirspor. After a year there, Anderson retired from football in September 2020.
Anderson made his Brazil debut in 2007 during the 2007 Copa América, which they went on to win. He also played for the Brazil Olympic football team during the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, helping them secure the bronze medal.
Club career
Grêmio
Born in Porto Alegre, Anderson joined Grêmio as a youth player. He made his first appearance for the team on 23 October 2004 in a 3–1 loss to Internacional in the Brazilian Série A, in which he scored a goal from a free-kick. Grêmio, however, were relegated at the season's conclusion and Anderson followed the team to the Brazilian Série B.
It was reported in June 2005 that Portuguese group GestiFute had paid €5 million for 70% of the economic rights to Anderson. On 18 June 2005, Anderson was reported to have signed a pre-contract with Portuguese side Porto.
Anderson earned himself iconic status by scoring the goal that lifted Grêmio back into Serie A in a promotion playoff against Náutico in November 2005. This goal was particularly memorable because Grêmio only had seven players on the pitch at the time and had just seen the opposition have a penalty saved. The goal, scored 16 minutes into extra time, gave Grêmio a 1–0 victory in the most unlikely of circumstances.
Porto
Three months before his 18th birthday, Anderson joined Porto for a €7 million transfer fee in January 2006. As FIFA prohibits the international transfer of any underage players (subject to the exception that the player is moving to other countries to accompany their parents), Anderson's mother, Doralice de Oliveira, relocated to Portugal to facilitate his move abroad. Porto owned 65% of the economic rights, from which Porto would receive 65% of the future transfer fee of the player.
Anderson made his league debut for Porto on 5 March 2006, playing a part in helping the team seal the 2005–06 Primeira Liga title. In the 2006–07 season, he made his UEFA Champions League debut in Porto's first group game against CSKA Moscow. Anderson, however, was forced to miss five months of the season due to a broken leg, as a result of a tackle by Benfica midfielder Kostas Katsouranis. Despite his injury, he managed to appear in 15 games in the 2006–07 season, scoring two goals, and again picking up a league-winners' medal. In total, he made 21 starts for Porto in all competitions.
Manchester United
2007–08 season
On 30 May 2007, the Manchester United website confirmed that the club had agreed in principle to sign Anderson from Porto for an undisclosed fee. The initial application for a work permit for Anderson was rejected on the ground that he did not have enough international caps. Manchester United subsequently argued that only his youth had prevented him from acquiring more caps and that, given his exceptional talent and the size of the transfer fee, clearance was justified. On 29 June 2007, he was granted a work permit to play in the United Kingdom, and the move was completed on 2 July, with Anderson signing a five-year contract to become United's second Brazilian player after Kléberson. The transfer fee Porto announced was €30 million, which was equivalent to around £20 million as of July 2007.
Anderson was friends with Portuguese-speaking new teammates Cristiano Ronaldo and Nani prior to joining the club. He was handed the number 8 shirt, previously worn by Wayne Rooney, who changed to number 10, and made his Manchester United debut on 3 August 2007, playing 45 minutes of a pre-season friendly against Doncaster Rovers, which United won 2–0.
On 1 September 2007, Anderson made his competitive debut for United against Sunderland, before he was substituted at half-time and replaced by striker Louis Saha, who eventually scored the game winner. Anderson made his Champions League debut against Sporting Clube de Portugal in a 0–1 away win on 19 September, coming on as a substitute for Ryan Giggs in the 76th minute. On 26 September, Anderson made his League Cup debut, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–0 loss to Coventry City, in a team consisting almost entirely of youth and reserve team players.
In the 2008 Champions League final in Moscow, Anderson was brought on as a substitute in the final minute of extra time to replace Wes Brown, and converted United's sixth attempt in the penalty shootout. United won the game 6–5 on penalties to give Anderson the first European honour of his career.
2008–09 season
On 6 December 2008, Anderson won the 2008 Golden Boy award. On 21 December 2008, Anderson played 88 minutes of the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup final against LDU Quito, which United won courtesy of a single Wayne Rooney goal to claim the world title. On 1 March 2009, Anderson came on in the 56th minute of the 2009 League Cup final against Tottenham Hotspur, replacing Danny Welbeck. He went on to score the winning penalty in the penalty shootout, winning his first League Cup medal. On 18 May, in the penultimate game of the season against Arsenal, United only needed one point to seal their third successive Premier League title and Anderson's second in two years at the club. Anderson was brought on for Wayne Rooney in the final minute, helping United lift the title at home to their fierce rivals.
2009–10 season
Anderson scored his first goal for Manchester United in the Audi Cup friendly tournament against Boca Juniors on 29 July 2009. After United were awarded a free kick on the right side of the penalty area, Anderson stepped up and curled the ball into the far top corner of the goal with his left foot. On 12 September, Anderson went on to score his first competitive goal for Manchester United against Tottenham in his 78th appearance for the club. He latched onto a loose ball at the edge of the area and hammered the ball into the bottom right corner with his left foot, scoring United's second goal of a 1–3 league win at White Hart Lane. In January 2010, Anderson was believed to have returned home to Brazil without manager Sir Alex Ferguson's permission and fined £80,000 by Manchester United.
Anderson returned to the first-team for a match against West Ham United on 23 February, but after just 20 minutes of the match, Anderson ruptured the cruciate ligament in his left knee and had to be substituted by Park Ji-sung. He was later ruled out for the remainder of the season, as well as the 2010 FIFA World Cup, after analysis determined that he would be out for the next six months.
2010–11 season
On 20 August 2010, Sir Alex Ferguson confirmed that Anderson had returned to training after the combination of an injury and being involved in a serious car accident. He made his return to action in the 3–2 home victory over Liverpool as an 88th-minute substitute on 19 September. On 7 December, Anderson scored his first goal at Old Trafford and also first European goal for the club in a 1–1 draw with Valencia.
Anderson signed a new -year contract with United on 15 December, keeping him at the club until June 2015. Anderson doubled his United goal tally in one game as he scored twice in a 4–1 second leg semi-final home win over Schalke 04 in the Champions League. The game's aggregate score ended 6–1 to United and therefore reached the final for the third time in four years. In his next game, he scored only his second league goal for United, equalising against Blackpool on 22 May 2011, the final day of the league season, in a match that United went on to win 4–2.
2011–12 season
Anderson started the season curtain-raiser, the 2011 FA Community Shield, which resulted in a 3–2 win over Manchester City. He also started the first three games, a 2–1 win against West Bromwich Albion, a 3–0 win against Tottenham Hotspur at home, where he scored his first goal of the season, and the 8–2 win against Arsenal, where he assisted on Danny Welbeck's opening goal.
Anderson scored his second goal of the season in a 2–0 home win against Norwich City in the Premier League. He broke the deadlock on 68 minutes, heading in from six yards after a corner had been knocked back across goal. During a match in the Champions League, Anderson injured his knee, ruling him out until February 2012. Anderson made a surprise return earlier than expected on 31 December 2011, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 3–2 home defeat to Blackburn Rovers. Further injuries led to Anderson, however, being sidelined for the remainder of the season.
2012–13 season
Anderson returned in the 2012–13 season, setting an early highlight in the third round League Cup match against Newcastle United on 26 September in 2012, when he scored an excellent opener in a 2–1 victory. He carried his form into the next round of the League Cup on 31 October in a match against Chelsea. He managed to earn three assists in the 80 minutes he played whilst leaving the pitch with United winning 3–2, although they went on to lose 5–4 after extra time. He continued to impress when given the opportunity, and garnered praise for a substitute appearance in the 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers at Old Trafford. Sir Alex Ferguson stated that "Anderson changed the game".
On 1 December 2012, Anderson scored his first league goal of the season in a 4–3 victory away at Reading. Despite his excellent run of form, Anderson had picked a hamstring injury up in the match and was substituted just before half-time. On 30 January 2013, Anderson played 68 minutes on his return from injury in a 2–1 defeat of Southampton at Old Trafford.
On 19 May 2013, Anderson played the full 90 minutes in Sir Alex Ferguson's final match as Manchester United manager, a 5–5 draw with West Brom at The Hawthorns.
2013–14 season
After falling out of favour under new Manchester United manager David Moyes, playing just eight games in the first half of the 2013–14 season, Anderson joined Italian club Fiorentina on loan on 18 January 2014 for the remainder of the season. During his five-month loan, Anderson only made seven appearances for Fiorentina, three of which were from the bench. At the end of the season, he returned to Manchester United.
2014–15 season
Anderson was not part of the 25-man squad that flew to the US for United's pre-season tour, missing out because of a calf injury he sustained during training. Under new manager Louis van Gaal, Anderson was allocated the number 28 shirt, with Juan Mata having taken the number 8 upon signing in January 2014. His first appearance of the season came in a 4–0 loss at Milton Keynes Dons in the League Cup, where he played the full 90 minutes. After this, Anderson appeared in only one more game for Manchester United, a 0–0 draw with Burnley at Turf Moor. Anderson finally parted with Manchester United by making a switch to Internacional, on a free transfer, during the January transfer window.
Internacional
On 3 February 2015, Anderson ended his -year association with Manchester United by signing with Brazilian side Internacional on a four-year deal. A statement on Internacional's website read, "Sport Club Internacional concluded on Tuesday the procedures to announce the signing of midfielder Anderson. He signs a four-year contract."
On his debut for Internacional, Anderson missed a penalty kick against Cruzeiro in the Campeonato Gaúcho. In his second match, a 3–1 defeat to The Strongest in the Copa Libertadores on 17 February, Anderson was substituted after 36 minutes and required an oxygen mask due to La Paz's Estadio Hernando Siles being 3.68 km above sea level.
On 1 April, Anderson was sent off in Inter's 1–1 draw with Ypiranga de Erechim.
On 10 May, Anderson made his first Campeonato Brasileiro appearance for Internacional in the team's opening game of the 2015 season; a 3–0 loss at Atlético Paranaense. He received his second red card for the club in a 1–3 home defeat to Atlético Mineiro on 5 July.
On 9 August, Anderson was substituted at half-time in a 5–0 defeat to his former club and Inter's Porto Alegre rivals Grêmio. He then received threats and insults from the club's fans at training on the following Monday and was dropped from Inter's starting line-up for their following ten league fixtures. He returned to the team in a 3–1 loss to Santos on 27 September and remained a regular starter as Inter finished fifth in the league.
Adana Demirspor
On 30 July 2018, Anderson joined TFF First League side Adana Demirspor. In his first season there, he made just 14 appearances. He started the first match of the 2019–20 season, but was substituted at half-time; he was on the bench for the next game, but then missed the next two entirely. On 20 September, the Adana Demirspor president announced that Anderson had decided to retire from football.
Anderson announced his retirement from football in September 2020.
International career
In April 2005, Anderson played for Brazil in the South American under-17 Championship. The following October, he featured in the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship and he won the Golden Ball as Brazil took second place.
When Brazil were in danger of going out of the tournament after their opening game defeat against Gambia, Anderson helped to turn their fortunes around in the next match against the Netherlands. Anderson played well against the Dutch, contributing crosses and runs that aided his side. Anderson kept up his level of performance after that, scoring one goal and playing a key role in others, notably setting up Ramon for the first strike against Korea DPR in the quarter-final. After helping to lead Brazil into the final after a 4–3 semi-final victory over Turkey, Anderson lasted only 15 minutes of the final with Mexico before being stretchered off.
Anderson made his international debut for the Brazilian senior team on 27 June 2007 in their 2–0 loss against Mexico in the 2007 Copa América, coming on as a second-half substitute. He made his first start for Brazil on 1 July 2007 against Chile in a 3–0 victory.
In July 2008, Brazil coach Dunga named Anderson in the 18-man squad for the 2008 Summer Olympics. He scored Brazil's first goal in their second group match against New Zealand, a match they went on to win 5–0. On 22 August 2008, Brazil won the bronze medal as they defeated Belgium 3–0.
Style of play
Regarded as a talented and highly promising player in the media in his youth, Anderson later struggled to replicate his precocious performances as his career progressed, and has been accused by some pundits – including Marca's Fran Villalobos and The Guardian's Barney Ronay – of failing to live up to his potential. Keith Griffin of Bleacher Report remarked in 2008 that Anderson was "[o]ne of the most impressive young players to grace the Premier League this season," noting that the midfielder was gifted "with blinding pace, hulkish upper body strength, and vision." Alex Ferguson added that Anderson "can tackle, he's lightning quick, he's brave and he can pass the ball."
In 2009, Will Evans of Bleacher Report described him as a player gifted with pace, physical strength, flair, and technical skills, as well noting his range of passing, crossing ability, defensive skills, and accuracy from penalties as some of his key strengths. He also cited that although Anderson was capable of creating chances for teammates, his biggest weaknesses were his shooting accuracy and lack of goals going forward, something which Ferguson had also previously noted. He felt that Anderson's best positions were either as a central midfielder or as a winger, although Evans's colleague Sam Tighe noted in 2013 that the Brazilian was often deployed as an attacking midfielder in his youth, and was also capable of playing in other positions, and was even used as a deep-lying playmaker on occasion; he labelled him as a dangerous free kick taker with good acceleration and dribbling ability. Regarding Anderson's difficulties in living up to his potential during his time at Manchester United, Chris Atkins of Bleacher Report commented: "Before joining Porto, Anderson was touted as the next Ronaldinho. Having emerged through the Gremio academy system as a tricky attacking midfielder, the comparisons were only natural and, prior to his injury in Portugal, the signs were promising. With excellent acceleration, impressive close control and a powerful shot, he certainly appeared to be an important player for Brazil's future." A left-footed player, his other most noticeable trait was his stamina.
Anderson's former Manchester United teammate Michael Owen described the former as "very talented" and surmised that his failure to establish himself at the top level was due to his mentality and poor work-rate, combined with his injuries, health issues, and his struggle to operate in different positions, with Tighe noting that Anderson performed poorly when he was deployed in both a holding and a box-to-box role. Former Brazil midfielder Tostão also criticised Anderson for his static off-the-ball movement when commenting on his performance at the 2005 U17 World Cup, during which he won the Golden Ball after leading Brazil to the final, stating: "He was clearly the best player, but there were times when he just stood around."
Personal life
It was reported that Anderson was hospitalised after a serious car crash in Portugal on 31 July 2010. He had spent the night before at a nightclub before leaving in his Audi R8. The crash occurred at 7 am when the car came off the road and hit a farm wall before entering a field. Anderson was unconscious but was pulled from the car minutes before it exploded. Another man and a woman were also in the car. All three suffered minor injuries and were treated for whiplash, concussion and shock at a hospital. Anderson returned to United to continue his rehabilitation.
Anderson refused to take a breathalyser test during the early hours in his native Porto Alegre and police forced his bodyguard to drive him home a week before his 24th birthday.
Anderson's father died at the age of 41, when Anderson was 14. He has three siblings. Anderson has five children – three daughters and two sons.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Grêmio
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2005
Porto
Primeira Liga: 2005–06, 2006–07
Taça de Portugal: 2005–06
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2006
Manchester United
Premier League: 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
Football League Cup: 2008–09
FA Community Shield: 2011, 2013
UEFA Champions League: 2007–08
FIFA Club World Cup: 2008
Internacional
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2015
Brazil U17
South American U-17 Championship: 2005
FIFA U-17 World Championship runner-up: 2005
Brazil U23
Olympic Bronze Medal: 2008
Brazil
Copa América: 2007
Individual
FIFA U-17 World Championship Golden Ball: 2005
Golden Boy: 2008
Notes
References
External links
Anderson PortuGOAL profile
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Porto Alegre
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
FC Porto players
Manchester United F.C. players
ACF Fiorentina players
Sport Club Internacional players
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Adana Demirspor footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Primeira Liga players
Premier League players
Serie A players
TFF First League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Brazil men's youth international footballers
Olympic footballers for Brazil
Brazil men's international footballers
2007 Copa América players
Copa América-winning players
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
Olympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in England
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Golden Boy winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201988%29 |
École Secondaire Confédération was a French as first language high school located in Welland, Ontario, Canada. It was the first French High School in Southern Ontario and serves the French population of the Niagara Region. The school was particularly renowned for its academic strengths in Business and Marketing as well as its great reputation in Hospitality/Tourism.
In 2018, the school announced it was set to close after a lack of enrollment. In 2019, the building was demolished.
Its feeder schools were:
École élémentaire Champlain (Welland)
École élémentaire Nouvel Horizon (Welland)
École élémentaire L'Héritage (St. Catharines)
École élémentaire LaMarsh (Niagara Falls)
History
École secondaire Confédération takes its roots in 1955 when the nuns of Sacré-Coeur established a 9th and 10th grade in their French parochial school, offering French scholastic studies. However, students at that time, were required to pay in order to attend the school and after completing their 10th grade, had to follow their studies and adapt themselves to a completely Anglophone school. In 1959, École secondaire Sacré-Coeur was founded, organized solely by these nuns and soon after, Eastdale Secondary School began offering French courses to its students. In 1964 École secondaire Sacré-Coeur was officially built on Tanguay Street leading to its being bought and adopted by the Conseil Scolaire du Niagara-Sud in 1968 – École secondaire Confédération was officially founded. At this point, the school housed more than 500 students and 37 professors serving Welland, Niagara Falls, Port Colborne and St. Catharines. Respective of its heritage, the school adopted a new motto; "Double héritage, double effort".
In 1971 École secondaire Confédération's statistics grew exponentially, now serving nearly 900 students with 50 professors, leading to the construction of the south wing where a variety of workshops and classes are added. Finally, in 1999 Confédération accommodated grade 7 and 8 students residing in the area – this program proved very successful. Today, Confédération remains a unique French public secondary school offering a reputation and ambiance based on morals, culture, academics and athletics. The school prides itself on offering "une education sans comparaison" or "unparalleled education".
Academics
The school offered 129 different courses from grades 7 to 12. In addition to academic courses, the school boasted a variety of specialized classes such as Business and Marketing, Hospitality and Tourism, as well as AutoCad. École secondaire Confédération also offered two Specialist High Skills Majors in Hospitality/Tourism and Construction.
In 2006, 2007 and 2008, École secondaire Confederation qualified itself for the University of Ottawa Place à la Jeunesse provincial Marketing and Entrepreneurship competition. Led by Professor Gilles Leblanc, it won and placed top 5 a number of times in the Entrepreneurship and Marketing divisions. Throughout the years the teams consisted of Martin Rocheleau, Chris Paley, Rohan Wahdwa, Michael Kenworthy, Justin Dallaire, Yannick Lieber, Xavier Léveillé, and David Richard. The team members received thousands of dollars in grants from the University of Ottawa.
Sports, Teams and Clubs
École secondaire Confédération offered a number of Sports, Teams and Clubs in which students could join and participate.
M/W Soccer Team
M/W Basketball Team
M/W Badminton Team
M/W Tennis Team
M/W Volleyball Team
M/W Curling Team
M/W Swim Team
M/W Cross-Country Team
M Hockey Team
Ski/Snowboard Club
Mountain Bike Club
In 2007, Confederation curling team beat out rival school E.L. Crossley in Zone finals, and once again in the SOSSA finals, allowing them to continue on to OFSAA.
Extracurricular activities
Since 2000, students have traveled throughout the world while attending Confédération.
2000 – Dominican Republic
2001 – Dominican Republic, Washington D.C.
2002 – Dominican Republic, Hawaii, New Zealand and Australia
2003 – Dominican Republic, New York City
2004 – New York, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary
2005 – New York, Ottawa
2006 – New York, Ottawa, Germany, Belgium, Austria, France
2007 – New York, Ottawa, France, Austria, Italy, England, Switzerland
2008 – New York, Ottawa, France, Germany, Guatemala
2009 – Costa Rica
2010 – France, Germany
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
Conseil scolaire Viamonde
References
External links
http://confederation.csviamonde.ca/
http://confederation.csviamonde.ca/index.php?school_id=34&menuOrder=1.7
Confederation
Confederation
Educational institutions established in 1968
Education in Welland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20secondaire%20Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration |
Héctor R. Luna (born February 1, 1980) is a Dominican Republic former professional baseball infielder. He last played for the Hiroshima Carp in Nippon Professional Baseball. He is primarily an infielder, but has played every position at the major league level except pitcher and catcher.
Career
Cleveland Indians
Luna was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Cleveland Indians in 1999 and played from 2000 to 2003 with the Indians farm system, reaching as high as AA with the Akron Aeros in 2003.
Tampa Bay Devil Rays
The Tampa Bay Devil Rays drafted Luna from the Indians in the 2002 Rule 5 Draft. He returned to the Indians in April 2003.
St. Louis Cardinals
Luna was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals from the Indians in the Rule 5 Draft in December . He made his major league debut with the Cardinals on April 8, . He hit a home run in his first Major League at-bat, against Milwaukee Brewers pitcher Chris Capuano.
In the 2004 World Series, while playing against the Boston Red Sox, Luna appeared in one game. In the eighth inning of the Game 4, he pinch hit for second baseman Tony Womack and struck out.
Return to Indians
On July 30, , Luna was traded by the Cardinals to the Cleveland Indians for second baseman Ronnie Belliard. He split second base duties with Joe Inglett for the remainder of the season.
After the 2006 season, the Indians acquired Josh Barfield from the San Diego Padres to be the team's everyday second baseman, leaving Luna to fight for a utility infield role with three other candidates during the team's spring training. He performed poorly during spring training, committing eight errors and batting just .012 in 28 spring games. The Indians kept Mike Rouse as their utility infielder and Luna began 2007 with the AAA Buffalo Bisons.
Toronto Blue Jays
On August 3, 2007, the Toronto Blue Jays claimed Luna off waivers, and he played in 22 games in 2007 and two in 2008 with Toronto.
Los Angeles Dodgers
Luna became a free agent after the season and signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Luna was assigned to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes for the 2009 season. He had a successful year for the Isotopes, hitting .351 with 17 home runs and 62 RBI in 92 games.
Florida Marlins
On December 4, 2009, Luna signed a minor league contract with the Florida Marlins. He spent the majority of the season in the Marlins system and appeared in 27 games for the Marlins late in the season, hitting .138 with two home runs and 4 RBI.
Boston Red Sox
On January 3, 2011, Luna signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox.
Philadelphia Phillies
On December 21, 2011, Luna signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. After opening the season with the AAA Lehigh Valley IronPigs, his contract was purchased by the Phillies on May 11. Luna replaced the injured Laynce Nix on the Phillies' 25-man roster. He hit a grand slam in his first official at-bat as a Phillie five days later against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field. He was released by the Phillies on August 30, 2012.
Pittsburgh Pirates
Luna signed with the Pirates on August 31, 2012. In November 2012, Luna became a free agent.
Chunichi Dragons
In November 2012, Luna signed with the Chunichi Dragons worth $450,000 with up to $200,000 in incentives. With the conclusion of the 2015 NPB season, his third year with the Chunichi Dragons, Luna had batted .316 with 34 home runs and 184 RBIs in 346 games played.
Hiroshima Carp
On December 18, 2015 as a free agent, Luna signed with the Hiroshima Carp on a one-year deal. In 2016, Luna played in 67 games for the Carp, batting .272 with five home runs and 34 RBI. At the end of the season, Luna was one of 3 foreign players cut by the Carp including Jason Pridie and Steve Delabar.
Through four seasons in NPB, Luna had a career batting average of .309.
See also
List of Major League Baseball players with a home run in their first major league at bat
Rule 5 draft results
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Águilas Cibaeñas players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Arizona League Dodgers players
Akron Aeros players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Burlington Indians players (1986–2006)
Chunichi Dragons players
Cleveland Indians players
Columbus RedStixx players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Japan
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Florida Marlins players
Hiroshima Toyo Carp players
Indianapolis Indians players
Kinston Indians players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Mahoning Valley Scrappers players
Major League Baseball infielders
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Memphis Redbirds players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Nippon Professional Baseball first basemen
Nippon Professional Baseball third basemen
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Philadelphia Phillies players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Toronto Blue Jays players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor%20Luna |
James Bernard Shofner (December 18, 1935 – July 17, 2021) was an American football player and coach at both the collegiate and professional levels. He was twice a head coach: first at Texas Christian University (TCU) from 1974 to 1976, then in an interim capacity with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) in 1990.
Early life and playing career
Shofner was a four-sport star at North Side High School in Fort Worth, Texas, serving as captain of three squads. He played college football on both sides of the ball at Texas Christian, leading the Southwest Conference in rushing in 1957 with 682 yards, while scoring six touchdowns. He was a first round draft selection of the Cleveland Browns the following year, and after seeing little action as a rookie, became a starting cornerback in 1959.
During this period, the magic that Paul Brown had enjoyed during his first decade as head coach of the Browns had faded, with the team failing to reach the playoffs during Shofner's six years with the team. On March 17, 1964, Shofner announced his retirement, citing a business opportunity involving the insurance business in which he was involved. That opportunity apparently disappeared when Shofner signed as an assistant coach at Texas Christian, his alma mater, beginning a three-decade run in the coaching ranks.
Coaching career
Shofner served for one season in his role at TCU, before returning to the NFL as an assistant with the San Francisco 49ers on March 6, 1967. Despite a head coaching change after the first season, Shofner would stay with the team for another six years, starting on defense before shifting to the offensive side. In 1970, he helped quarterback John Brodie win Most Valuable Player honors with a career year.
On December 5, 1973, Shofner was named head coach at Texas Christian, but the team endured a 20-game losing streak and Shofner won just twice in three seasons before resigning. In 1977, Shofner resurfaced with the 49ers before serving as the architect of the Cleveland Browns' offense for three seasons. During his final year with the team, Shofner watched Browns' quarterback Brian Sipe throw for more than 4,000 yards and win the NFL Most Valuable Player award.
That success resulted in his hiring as offensive coordinator of the Houston Oilers on February 4, 1981, but the team had slipped from its recent success. After two seasons, Shofner again announced he was leaving to enter private business, but instead, was hired in the same role with the Dallas Cowboys, where he spent three years.
Following the conclusion of the 1985 NFL season, Shofner was demoted by the Cowboys and left to work for the St. Louis Cardinals. Midway through his four years with the team, the franchise was relocated to Arizona, but the switch proved to have no effect on the team's dismal fortunes.
Shofner returned to Cleveland for the 1990 NFL season, but the success he had enjoyed a decade earlier was non-existent as the Browns' collapsed, resulting in head coach Bud Carson's firing on November 5. Shofner was named interim head coach, but the team won only one of the remaining seven games.
After spending the 1991 NFL season in a scouting capacity with the Browns, Shofner returned to the field in 1992 when he was hired as quarterback coach with the Buffalo Bills. During his first two seasons, the Bills reached the Super Bowl, but after a disappointing 1996 season, Shofner was reassigned to the team's scouting staff.
He died in Texas on July 17, 2021.
Head coaching record
College
NFL
References
1935 births
2021 deaths
Buffalo Bills coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches
Cleveland Browns players
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Houston Oilers coaches
Phoenix Cardinals coaches
San Francisco 49ers coaches
St. Louis Cardinals (football) coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
TCU Horned Frogs football coaches
TCU Horned Frogs football players
Players of American football from Fort Worth, Texas
Players of American football from Grapevine, Texas
Cleveland Browns head coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Shofner |
Norm Benning Jr. (born January 16, 1952) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He competes part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 46 Toyota Tundra for G2G Racing and the No. 6 Chevrolet Silverado for his own team, Norm Benning Racing. He has competed in the series since 2002, primarily driving for his team, Norm Benning Racing. He has also worked as a driver analyst for TheRacingExperts.com in the past.
Benning has often been referred to as Stormin' Norman after his performance in the 2013 Mudsummer Classic, the Truck Series' first race on dirt. He previously competed in the NASCAR Busch Series and Winston Cup Series.
Early career
Born in Level Green, Pennsylvania, Benning began by racing as a 15-year-old at Heidelberg Raceway even though he was supposed to be at least 18 years old. He also has raced in dirt late models and asphalt modifieds.
ARCA
Benning has finished in the top 10 in ARCA points seven times, with a highest of 5th in 2001. In 276 starts, Benning has five top 5 and 32 top 10 finishes. His best effort was a 3rd-place finish at the Springfield dirt mile in 2004.
NASCAR
1989–2012
Benning has attempted numerous NASCAR races in the top 3 divisions during his career. Benning made his NASCAR debut in 1989, driving in three races in the Cup Series for the No. 99 car owned by Jerry O'Neil. After starting 35th, Benning would finish 30th in his debut at Dover. He would then match that finish at Pocono and 31st in his return to Dover.
Benning made his last Cup points race start for O'Neil in 1993, starting last (39th) at Darlington and finishing 39th after one lap of competition. After that, Benning attempted to make the Daytona 500 for seven consecutive years, but either failed to qualify or was denied entry due to his car being slow in practice. He attempted many Cup races through 2001 in his own No. 84 84 Lumber Chevy, as well a couple of entries of the No. 79 T.R.I.X. Racing car. Benning attempted a total of 33 Cup races, but DNQ'd 29 times. He withdrew from the 2011 Daytona 500.
Benning's next NASCAR start came in the Craftsman Truck Series in 2002. Driving for Troxell Racing, Benning qualified the No. 93 Chevy into the field at Nashville Superspeedway in 18th position. A vibration dropped the team out of the event and Benning finished 32nd. In 2009 Benning was back in the Truck Series attempting a full season. He only missed one race and that was Daytona. At Michigan, Benning finished 17th his best finish of the year for the Camping World Truck Series. His final position in points was 21st.
Benning attempted the NASCAR Busch Series for the next two years. Benning was able to compete in 3 of the 6 races attempted. In his debut, Benning started the 2003 Nazareth race in 42nd and finished in 40th. He was later able to improve during the season with a career-best 36th place at NHIS. Driving once again at Nazareth, Benning started 42nd before brake failure forced him out of the race, finishing 38th. He fielded a car for Dion Ciccarelli at Nazareth in 2004, who finished 29th.
During the 2008 Truck Series season, Benning competed in 7 of the 8 races attempted driving his own No. 57 Chevrolet. In 2009, Benning competed full-time in the Truck Series for his team (his first attempt at a full NASCAR season). He qualified for 24 of 25 races and finished 21st in overall points. His best finish came at Michigan when he finished 17th with Germane Red sponsorship.
2013–2015
In 2013, Benning held onto fifth place after a hard-fought battle with Clay Greenfield in the "Last Chance" qualifying race at Eldora Speedway to earn the final transfer spot into the inaugural Mudsummer Classic. His truck sustained a fair amount of damage, but he was able to make repairs with the help of members of larger teams. He would go on to finish 26th, four laps down. Benning's performance in the last chance race was popular with fans; afterward he placed the Eldora truck for sale on eBay.
Later that season, Benning obtained his career-best Truck Series finish of 12th at Talladega Superspeedway. During the 2014 season, Benning changed from his iconic 57 to the number 6, with the 57 being the part-time second entry. Late in the season, Benning gained backing on behalf of Pennsylvania governor Tom Corbett. In 2015, Benning finished 14th in the opening race at Daytona and was 10th in points. Benning scored his best career start of 13th during the 2015 Mudsummer Classic and finished 19th after rebounding from a late-race spin. The end of the 2015 season was a struggle, as Benning missed four races late in the season.
2016–2018
2016 started with a DNQ at Daytona, followed by another DNQ at Atlanta. This was the worst start for Benning since 2012. Benning failed to qualify for six races in 2016; in addition to withdrawing from the Charlotte race. Benning missed the race in Texas by .016 seconds after getting knocked out by Austin Hill. After missing all the races in 2016, Benning partnered with MB Motorsports at Kentucky, where he was able to make the race, he started 30th and finished 28th. Benning later partnered with MB for several remaining races. 2016 was a struggle for Benning and his team, as he only managed to qualify for eight races while failing to qualify for eight others, and withdrawing from five. 2017 began the same for Benning, missing the first 3 races of the season. Benning would make the 4th race of the season in Kansas after only 32 trucks showed up for the 32-truck field. However, after that race, he made every single race he attempted for the rest of the season. In 2018, Benning made every race until the regular-season finale at Bristol. After Canada, he failed to make Las Vegas through Martinsville and didn't show up the rest of the season.
2019–present
2019 showed some promise at the beginning of the season, with sponsorship from Zomongo and H&H Transport returning. During drafting practice, Benning's No. 6 Silverado sat 6th fastest, showing the ability to stay in the pack. However, the team lacked single truck speed, and ultimately missed the field. Atlanta through Dover was hit and miss. An early spin forced Benning to park early despite plans to run the full race, resulting in a 29th-place finish. Benning finished under power in 28th at Las Vegas and then would miss Martinsville and Texas. Benning would qualify at Dover and Kansas but would be parked due to not being able to meet the minimum speed, finishing last at Dover after only 28 laps, and 21st at Kansas after 109 laps. Benning would skip Charlotte due to a large entry list. Over the next 4 weeks, things would begin to fall into place for Benning and his small team. The second Texas race would result in a 17th-place finish, followed by a 24th and 25th at Iowa and Gateway, respectively. The remainder of the season would have ups and downs, including an 18th place at Talladega, followed by an accident at Martinsville, that would ultimately end his season early.
2020 would begin the same as 2019, with Benning missing the cut at Daytona. Benning chose not to make the trip to Las Vegas and had no clear plans for the season. Following the 2-month racing hiatus, Benning looked to take advantage of NASCAR's field expansion, from 32 trucks to 40. However, Benning found himself excluded from the races at Charlotte and Atlanta when 47 trucks entered each time. The following race at Homestead, only 39 teams entered, allowing Benning to make his first start of the season. He made all other attempted races skipping the other Las Vegas race and the finale at Phoenix Raceway. Benning posted a best finish of 22nd at Talladega Superspeedway, and a points finish of 36th.
Benning would announce plans to attempt the full 2021 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series schedule. Shortly after, Benning would start a fundraising campaign called "Racing With The Ultimate Underdog". Benning would pick up sponsorship from MDF A Sign Company heading into Daytona, and, after several years of running a plain paint scheme, Benning would add red and yellow accent to his truck. Benning would just miss out on qualifying for the season-opening race, but by finishing in the top 40 in points in 2020, Benning would make the second race at the Daytona Road Course, thanks to NASCAR's no qualifying for the majority of the 2021 season. Benning would take advantage of Camping World CEO Marcus Lemonis' offer of $15,000 to any team who ran at Las Vegas and Atlanta with Camping World and Overton's paint schemes. After lackluster results most of the season, Benning was able to score a top 20 finish at Knoxville despite being involved in a late accident. At Gateway, Benning was notified by officials that his truck's nose was no longer legal, forcing him to withdraw. Benning would show at the second Darlington race with a new nose. Benning would score another top 20, a 17th, at Talladega, with new sponsorship from Cross-Eyed Owl Brewing. For the season finale race, Benning was able to get a Niece Motorsports prepared truck, along with an Ilmor engine. However, problems before qualifying plagued the 6 team, and Benning turned the slowest lap, resulting in a DNQ. Benning did say he and his team would be back in 2022. Prior to the start of the 2022 season, NASCAR introduced an updated body style for the Truck Series, starting at Daytona. The 2019-2021 bodies would still be legal at all tracks except Daytona and Talladega. Benning, unable to afford the new body, would skip the season opener at Daytona, the first time he had done so since 2008. Benning and team would not appear until the second annual Bristol Dirt Race, bringing sponsorship Circle B Diecasts aboard. Benning would fall short in his heat race, leaving him as one of the two DNQ's. Despite the setback, Circle B agreed to return to the team for Knoxville, which again, Benning missed. Driver and team's next attempt would come at Pocono Raceway, but rain washed out qualifying, again leaving the 6 on the outside looking in. Missing Pocono would also break the threeway tie between Benning, Matt Crafton and Johnny Sauter for most starts at Pocono. Benning would make one last attempt at Richmond, again falling short of qualifying.
On February 14, 2023, it was revealed that Benning would attempt to qualify for the race at Daytona driving the No. 46 Toyota for G2G Racing, replacing Johnny Sauter, who was originally on the entry list for the event.
Benning's next attempt would be the 2023 Weatherguard Truck Race on Dirt at Bristol Motor Speedway, on April 8. After rain washed out practice on Friday, race lineup would be decided by the 10 lap qualifying races on Saturday. With no practice time to tune and adjust the truck, Norm ran near the tail of the field for the first 9 laps of his qualifier. On lap 10, he was able to take advantage of issues for Tyler Carpenter and Andrew Gordon, finishing 8th and earning the last transfer spot into the main event. This would be Benning's first start since 2021, and his first race with new crew chief Dan Killius, and spotter Rob Tate Jr. Starting 30th, Benning ran the first two stages towards the rear of the field. After changing four tires in the final break, Norm was able to pass several trucks and complete the race in 24th position, becoming the oldest driver in NASCAR history to finish on the lead lap at 71 years of age. Benning, continuing 2023 on a part-time basis, would skip several races before entering the Tyson 250 at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Practice for Saturday's race would take place on Friday. After only two laps of practice, Norm lost control of the truck heading into turn 3 and backed into the wall, heavily damaging the vehicle. TV coverage provided by Fox Sports showed as the all-volunteer crew of Norm Benning Racing immediately set to work to repair the truck in time for qualifying the following morning. The truck was repaired in time for Saturday morning technical inspection and Benning was able to make a lap in qualifying, but fell short of making the field for his second DNQ of 2023. The team would skip the next race at Charlotte, entering the Toyota 200 at World Wide Technologies Raceway. Benning qualified 30th and finished 28th.
Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings. * – Most laps led.)
Sprint Cup Series
Daytona 500
Busch Series
Craftsman Truck Series
Season still in progress
Ineligible for series points
ARCA Re/Max Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
References
External links
Living people
1952 births
Sportspeople from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Racing drivers from Pennsylvania
NASCAR drivers
NASCAR team owners
ARCA Menards Series drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20Benning |
Charles Brun (16 February 1866 in Copenhagen – 28 January 1919) was a Danish politician, representing the Venstre Reform Party in Parliament (Folketinget). He served as Finance Minister of Denmark in the Cabinet of Niels Neergaard I from October 12, 1908 to August 16, 1909.
References
1866 births
1919 deaths
Danish Finance Ministers
Members of the Folketing
Politicians from Copenhagen
Brun family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Brun%20%28Denmark%29 |
In graph theory and theoretical computer science, a maximum common induced subgraph of two graphs G and H is a graph that is an induced subgraph of both G and H,
and that has as many vertices as possible.
Finding this graph is NP-hard.
In the associated decision problem, the input is two graphs G and H and a number k. The problem is to decide whether G and H have a common induced subgraph with at least k vertices. This problem is NP-complete. It is a generalization of the induced subgraph isomorphism problem, which arises when k equals the number of vertices in the smaller of G and H, so that this entire graph must appear as an induced subgraph of the other graph.
Based on hardness of approximation results for the maximum independent set problem, the maximum common induced subgraph problem is also hard to approximate. This implies that, unless P = NP, there is no approximation algorithm that, in polynomial time on -vertex graphs, always finds a solution within a factor of of optimal, for any .
One possible solution for this problem is to build a modular product graph of G and H.
In this graph, the largest clique corresponds to a maximum common induced subgraph of G and H. Therefore, algorithms for finding maximum cliques can be used to find the maximum common induced subgraph. Moreover, a modified maximum-clique algorithm can be used to find a maximum common connected subgraph.
The McSplit algorithm (along with its McSplit↓ variant) is a forward checking algorithm that does not use the clique encoding, but uses a compact data structure to keep track of the vertices in graph H to which each vertex in graph G may be mapped. Both versions of the McSplit algorithm outperform the clique encoding for many graph classes.A more efficient implementation of McSplit is McSplitDAL+PR, which combines a Reinforcement Learning agent with some heuristic scores computed with the PageRank algorithm.
Maximum common induced subgraph algorithms have a long tradition in cheminformatics and pharmacophore mapping.
See also
Molecule mining
Maximum common edge subgraph
References
NP-complete problems
Cheminformatics
Computational problems in graph theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20common%20induced%20subgraph |
In integrated circuit design, dynamic logic (or sometimes clocked logic) is a design methodology in combinational logic circuits, particularly those implemented in metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology. It is distinguished from the so-called static logic by exploiting temporary storage of information in stray and gate capacitances. It was popular in the 1970s and has seen a recent resurgence in the design of high-speed digital electronics, particularly central processing units (CPUs). Dynamic logic circuits are usually faster than static counterparts and require less surface area, but are more difficult to design. Dynamic logic has a higher average rate of voltage transitions than static logic, but the capacitive loads being transitioned are smaller so the overall power consumption of dynamic logic may be higher or lower depending on various tradeoffs. When referring to a particular logic family, the dynamic adjective usually suffices to distinguish the design methodology, e.g. dynamic CMOS or dynamic SOI design.
Besides its use of dynamic state storage via voltages on capacitances, dynamic logic is distinguished from so-called static logic in that dynamic logic uses a clock signal in its implementation of combinational logic. The usual use of a clock signal is to synchronize transitions in sequential logic circuits. For most implementations of combinational logic, a clock signal is not even needed. The static/dynamic terminology used to refer to combinatorial circuits is related to the use of the same adjectives used to distinguish memory devices, e.g. static RAM from dynamic RAM, in that dynamic RAM stores state dynamically as voltages on capacitances, which must be periodically refreshed. But there are also differences in usage; the clock can be stopped in the appropriate phase in a system with dynamic logic and static storage.
Static versus dynamic logic
The largest difference between static and dynamic logic is that in dynamic logic, a clock signal is used to evaluate combinational logic. In most types of logic design, termed static logic, there is always some mechanism to drive the output either high or low. In many of the popular logic styles, such as TTL and traditional CMOS, this principle can be rephrased as a statement that there is always a low-impedance DC path between the output and either the supply voltage or the ground. As a side note, there is, of course, an exception in this definition in the case of high impedance outputs, such as a tri-state buffer; however, even in these cases, the circuit is intended to be used within a larger system where some mechanism will drive the output, and they do not qualify as distinct from static logic.
In contrast, in dynamic logic, there is not always a mechanism driving the output high or low. In the most common version of this concept, the output is driven high or low during distinct parts of the clock cycle. During the time intervals when the output is not being actively driven, stray capacitance causes it to maintain a level within some tolerance range of the driven level.
Dynamic logic requires a minimum clock rate fast enough that the output state of each dynamic gate is used or refreshed before the charge in the output capacitance leaks out enough to cause the digital state of the output to change, during the part of the clock cycle that the output is not being actively driven.
Static logic has no minimum clock rate—the clock can be paused indefinitely. While it may seem that doing nothing for long periods of time is not particularly useful, it leads to three advantages:
being able to pause a system at any time makes debugging and testing much easier, enabling techniques such as single stepping.
being able to run a system at extremely low clock rates allows low-power electronics to run longer on a given battery.
a fully-static system can instantly resume exactly where it left off; a person doesn't have to wait for the system to boot up or resume.
Being able to pause a system at any time for any duration can also be used to synchronize the CPU to an asynchronous event. While there are other mechanisms to do this, such as interrupts, polling loops, processor idling input pins (for example, RDY on the 6502), or processor bus cycle extension mechanisms such as WAIT inputs, using hardware to gate the clock to a static-core CPU is simpler, is more temporally precise, uses no program code memory, and uses almost no power in the CPU while it is waiting. In a basic design, to start waiting, the CPU would write to a register to set a binary latch bit which would be ANDed or ORed with the processor clock, stopping the processor. A signal from a peripheral device would reset this latch, resuming CPU operation. The hardware logic must gate the latch control inputs as necessary to ensure that a latch output transition does not cause the clock signal level to instantaneously change and cause a clock pulse, either high or low, that is shorter than normal.
In particular, although many popular CPUs use dynamic logic, only static cores—CPUs designed with fully static technology—are usable in space satellites owing to their higher radiation hardness.
When properly designed, dynamic logic can be over twice as fast as static logic. It uses only the faster N transistors, which improves transistor sizing optimizations. Static logic is slower because it has twice the capacitive loading, higher thresholds, and uses slow P transistors for logic. Dynamic logic can be harder to work with, but it may be the only choice when increased processing speed is needed. Most electronics running at over 2 GHz these days require dynamic logic, although some manufacturers such as Intel have designed chips using completely static logic to reduce power consumption. Note that reducing power use not only extends the running time with limited power sources such as batteries or solar arrays (as in spacecraft), but it also reduces the thermal design requirements, reducing the size of needed heatsinks, fans, etc., which in turn reduces system weight and cost.
In general, dynamic logic greatly increases the number of transistors that are switching at any given time, which increases power consumption over static CMOS. There are several powersaving techniques that can be implemented in a dynamic logic based system. In addition, each rail can convey an arbitrary number of bits, and there are no power-wasting glitches. Power-saving clock gating and asynchronous techniques are much more natural in dynamic logic.
Static logic example
As an example, consider the static logic implementation of a CMOS NAND gate:
This circuit implements the logic function
If A and B are both high, the output will be pulled low. If either A or B are low, the output will be pulled high. At all times, the output is pulled either low or high.
Dynamic logic example
Consider now a dynamic logic implementation of the same logic function:
The dynamic logic circuit requires two phases. The first phase, when Clock is low, is called the setup phase or the precharge phase, and the second phase, when Clock is high, is called the evaluation phase. In the setup phase, the output is driven high unconditionally (no matter the values of the inputs A and B). The capacitor, which represents the load capacitance of this gate, becomes charged. Because the transistor at the bottom is turned off, it is impossible for the output to be driven low during this phase.
During the evaluation phase, Clock is high. If A and B are also high, the output will be pulled low. Otherwise, the output stays high (due to the load capacitance).
Dynamic logic has a few potential problems that static logic does not. For example, if the clock speed is too slow, the output will decay too quickly to be of use. Also, the output is only valid for part of each clock cycle, so the device connected to it must sample it synchronously when it is valid.
Also, when both A and B are high, so that the output is low, the circuit will pump one capacitor load of charge from Vdd to ground for each clock cycle, by first charging and then discharging the capacitor in each clock cycle. This makes the circuit (with its output connected to a high impedance) less efficient than the static version (which theoretically should not allow any current to flow except through the output), and when the A and B inputs are constant and both high, the dynamic NAND gate uses power in proportion to the clock rate, as long as it functions correctly. The power dissipation can be minimized by keeping the load capacitance low. This, in turn, reduces the maximum cycle time, requiring a higher minimum clock frequency; the higher frequency then increases power consumption by the relation mentioned. Therefore, it is impossible to reduce the idle power consumption (when both inputs are high) below a certain limit derived from an equilibrium between clock speed and load capacitance.
A popular implementation is domino logic.
See also
Domino logic
Sequential logic
References
General references
Chapter 9, "Dynamic logic circuits" (chapter 7 in the 2nd edition)
Chapter 14, "Dynamic logic gates"
Chapter 7, "Dynamic SOI Design"
External links
Introduction to CMOS VLSI Design – Lecture 9: Circuit Families – David Harris' lecture notes on the subject.
Logic families | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20logic%20%28digital%20electronics%29 |
"It's Chico Time" is the debut single of former The X Factor contestant Chico Slimani. The single was released on 27 February 2006. The song was written and composed by Mark Hudson.
Background
Chico first performed the song on The X Factor on 19 November 2005. It was the only time that a contestant had performed an original song during the live stages of the show, until series 9, when contestant Lucy Spraggan performed her own track, "Mountains". The track was released on the back of the success of the performance, and peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart on 5 March 2006, toppling Madonna's hit single "Sorry", and staying at the top of the chart for two weeks. Chico became the first X Factor runner-up to have his debut single peak at number one.
The general theme of the song is to not take life too seriously, and to just party – as life is too short. Chico contributed some of the lyrics himself. The music video for the track is very low-budget, showing Chico in front of a plain white background, with lines of red, yellow and orange, and a staircase where Chico stands at the beginning of the video. The video features many children, known as "Chiquettes", dancing along with Chico.
It's England Time
In 2010, Slimani re-recorded the single in support of the England football team at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Aptly entitled "It's England Time", a play on "It's Chico Time", it uses the same basis as the original version, but with amended lyrics. The song was first played on The Chris Moyles Show.
Slimani recorded the version after having a 'vision' that England would win the 2010 World Cup, and that in the celebrations, commentators would make reference to his song. The single was released on 8 February 2010. Proceeds went to Rainbow Child Foundation to help under-privileged children in Africa.
Track listings
"It's Chico Time"
CD single
"It's Chico Time" – 2:49
"It's Chico Time" (The X Factor Live Show Version) – 2:28
"Kiss" – 3:18
"It's Chico Time" (video) – 3:00
Digital download
"It's Chico Time" – 2:49
"It's Chico Time" (The X Factor Live Show Version) – 2:28
"It's Chico Time" (Chico Dub) – 4:58
"It's Chico Time" (The X Factor Extended Mix) – 3:48
"It's England Time"
Digital download
"It's England Time" – 3:22
"It's England Time" (Instrumental) – 3:18
Credits and personnel
Chico Slimani – lead vocals
Marcus Hutton – Synth (on "Kiss")
Archie Merrington – Kazoo (on "It's Chico Time")
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2006 debut singles
Number-one singles in Scotland
Songs written by Mark Hudson (musician)
Sony BMG singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20Chico%20Time |
"Despierta" (English: Wake Up) was the first single from Edurne's debut album, Edurne.
Gustav Efraimsson, a Swedish songwriter/producer, co-wrote the song. The original title is "Erase delete be gone now" (listen song). The song was a huge success on radios while the CD Maxi single peaked at #5 in Spanish charts and sold more than 5,000 copies.
Track listing
"Despierta" (Album Version) - 2:58
"Despierta" (David Penn Remix) (Radio Edit) - 3:24
"Despierta" (Caimillu Remix) - 3:56
"Despierta" (David Penn Remix) (Extended) - 6:39
Charts
Spanish songs
Edurne songs
Spanish-language songs
Sony BMG singles
2006 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despierta |
John Joseph Rodriguez (born January 20, 1978) is a retired Major League Baseball Player. He played in the Major Leagues for the St. Louis Cardinals from 2005 to 2006.
Career
Rodriguez attended Brandeis High School. He signed as an undrafted free agent by the Yankees in 1996. Rodriguez played in the Yankees minor league system for eight seasons before signing with the Cleveland Indians in 2005. He was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals later that year and forced a major league call-up to replace the injured Reggie Sanders by hitting .342 with 17 home runs in 34 games with Triple-A the Memphis Redbirds. He performed well enough that the Cardinals signed him to a one-year contract following the season. On July 20, 2005, Rodriguez hit his first career home run off Ben Sheets of the Milwaukee Brewers.
Rodriguez got more playing time for the Cardinals (183 at-bats, 34 more than the year before) and was on the postseason roster, winning a World Series ring when the Cardinals won the 2006 World Series.
On November 30, , the Cardinals designated Rodriguez for assignment, removing him from the 40-man roster to make room for newly acquired shortstop, César Izturis. Shortly thereafter the team released him.
Rodriguez signed a minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays on January 4, , but did not make the major league team out of spring training. On June 2, 2008, Rodriguez was released. On June 8, Rodriguez signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets and was assigned to Triple-A New Orleans.
On January 6, , Rodriguez signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. After playing the entire season with the Scranton/Wilkes Barre Yankees, he became a free agent. On May 7, 2010 signed with the Long Island Ducks. On March 2, 2011, he signed a contract with the Long Island Ducks. In May 2012, signed to play for the Wichita Wingnuts in the American Association. Rodriguez played for the Wingnuts during the 2013 season as well.
John is the Head of Baseball Operations and the Head Hitting Instructor at the Yorkville Baseball Academy where he preaches The Art of Hand Path to his students.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Baseball players from New York (state)
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Columbus Clippers players
Diablos Rojos del México players
Durham Bulls players
Greensboro Bats players
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Long Island Ducks players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Memphis Redbirds players
Mexican League baseball first basemen
Mexican League baseball outfielders
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Norwich Navigators players
Rojos del Águila de Veracruz players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tampa Yankees players
Wichita Wingnuts players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Rodriguez%20%28baseball%29 |
"Every Time" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her sixth studio album, The Velvet Rope (1997). In Japan, it was released as the album's third single on March 25, 1998, while in the United States, it was released as the album's sixth and final single in November 1998. The song has been described as a ballad that lyrically delves into the protagonist's fear of love. Jackson only performed it on the last Japanese date of The Velvet Rope Tour in Tokyo.
Critical response
Billboard magazine's review was positive, stating, "'Every Time' ranks with [Jackson's] most memorable ballads, such as "Let's Wait Awhile" and "Again", calling on the things that make Janet so effective with this type of delicate material: Her voice quivers with emotion as she practically whispers about the promise and fear of an imminent romance, while steadfast writer/producer team Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis wrap her vocal around a beautiful and sensuous chorus. This song sounds so perfect with the more civil pace of fall, it's an easy decision across the board, at top 40, AC, and R&B. Absolutely destined to be one of her greats."
A reviewer from Birmingham Evening Mail wrote, "Gorgeous ballad featuring Miss Jackson's quivering vocals, a piano, strings and some understated percussion." J.D. Considine for Entertainment Weekly deemed it as one of the album's most affecting moments, noting "when the chords in the chorus to "Every Time" modulate into melancholy as Jackson observes that "every time I fall in love/It seems to never last"." Music Week thought Janet was "at her most relaxed" and called her delivery over the songs piano hook as "delicate", but felt that radio "is already spoilt for choice for ballads and many may feel this is a release too far." Andrew Le from Renowned for Sound website called the song "tender, angelic", and also commented that it was "far superior than the overrated, soppy saccharine Again, as it has an even better piano hook and more intimate vocal performance".
Chart performance
The single peaked at number fifty-two in Australia, number sixty-seven in Germany, and number ninety-five in France. But in Iceland it peaked at number 5. In the US it failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number twenty-five on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.
Music video
The accompanying music video was filmed in the then-new Therme Vals spa in Vals, Graubünden, in the Swiss Alps, with direction by Matthew Rolston in association with Howard Schatz, an expert in underwater photography. It was premiered on October 5, 1998, on HBO, and was subsequently exhibited twice a day leading up to the broadcast of the concert special for The Velvet Rope Tour one week later. The music video shows Jackson partially nude in water. A strong theme of green is seen in the video through lighting, the fabric surrounding Jackson's body and her contact lenses. The video was featured on the limited bonus-DVD edition of 2001's All for You as well as the 2004 DVD From Janet to Damita Jo: The Videos.
Britney Spears' "Everytime" has been compared to Jackson's video for "Every Time", with a critic noting, "The original pop queen Janet bared all in a blue lagoon for her "Every Time" video. A little less glam, Britney's tub scene in her "Everytime" video proved dark foreshadowing into her troubled world." Rihanna's "Stay" music video was also compared to both Spears and Jackson's "Everytime" videos, saying "Rihanna isn't the first pop star to brood in a bathtub. Janet Jackson and Britney Spears also bared their emotion immersed in water".
Track listings
UK CD single
"Every Time" (album version) – 4:17
"Every Time" (Jam & Lewis Disco Remix) – 4:10
"Accept Me" – 4:07
European 12-inch single
"Every Time" (album version) – 4:17
"Every Time" (Jam & Lewis Disco Remix) – 4:10
"Every Time" (Jam & Lewis Disco Remix Instrumental) – 4:10
Japanese CD single
"Every Time" (album version) – 4:17
"I Get Lonely" (Jason's Special Sauce Dub) – 6:44
"I Get Lonely" (The Jason Nevins Radio Remix) – 3:13
Charts
Release history
References
1990s ballads
1997 songs
1998 singles
Janet Jackson songs
Music videos directed by Matthew Rolston
Pop ballads
Song recordings produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Songs written by Janet Jackson
Songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Virgin Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every%20Time%20%28Janet%20Jackson%20song%29 |
Bramhall railway station serves the district of Bramhall in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. The station is 9¾ miles (16 km) south of Manchester Piccadilly on the Stafford to Manchester Line and was opened in 1845 by the London and North Western Railway.
Facilities
There is a ticket machine, staffed ticket office and waiting room on platform 1 (the Manchester-bound side). Train running information is provided by CIS displays on both platforms.
Services
There is a daily hourly Northern Trains service northbound to and southbound to with additional services at peak times. A number of late evening services start/terminate at .
The Sunday service from the station is limited, with just six trains each way.
References
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
DfT Category E stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Northern franchise railway stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramhall%20railway%20station |
The A Band are a British musical collective formed in Nottingham in the late 1980s. In 2005, The Wire compared the band's importance to that of AMM and SME, and noted their lack of musical training.
The line-up of the group has never been fixed. New members are always invited to join the band.
History
Some of the early A Band members had previously recorded material in the 1980s as Well Crucial, a group scattered across the UK and, in some cases, collaborating by post. A core of members was based in Kettering, Northamptonshire around Neil Campbell, Stewart Keith and Stream Angel, with other contributions by Richard Youngs. However, by 1990 these members had moved to Nottingham and the focus shifted there, with Well Crucial effectively ceasing to be.
The A Band itself was founded at the behest of saxophonist Vince Earimal, who required a backing band, and the unit quickly became an ever-changing, freeform improvisation unit, able to play without Earimal, who, despite eventually never performing with the band, is credited with their formation. Youngs joined upon moving to Nottingham and he recalled in The Wire that Jim Plaistow and Campbell were the only constantly present members. They could number up to 18 on any given occasion. The original collective came to a halt around 1994.
The group never performed under the name A Band or any obvious permutation thereof (they are occasionally listed as The A-Band). Instead, the group used a different name for each performance, all of which began with the letter "a". These included Anusol, Arachnid, Arse-over-tit, Awkward, Anaglypta, Artex, AC/DC, Ack Ack, Anglegrinder and Advent, the latter in commemoration of the then-recently released Richard Youngs LP - in fact, it was at this show that Youngs' spoken word record 171 Used Train Tickets (released 2003) was recorded. However, the releases were almost always credited to "A Band" and these included several cassette releases, an LP on Siltbreeze and a 7" single. Some archive recordings later saw daylight; a CD of recordings from 1991 was issued in 1997 and live activity, also from 1991, was given a vinyl release in 2003, the material being edited by Youngs with artwork from Campbell and Plaistow. Much of the interest in the band that followed the initial releases came more from the United States than Great Britain, but this was insufficient to keep the band going, and the various members pursued music in smaller groups, or solo.
Reformation
In April 2007 the A Band remorphed,
and performed at the 4th Festival Of Improvised Music at the Pyramid in Warrington, which took place on 16 June. Billed as "Afterclap", the line up included Stewart Keith, Neil Campbell, Dr Lent, Dave Higginson (of "Who is Dave Higginson?" fame), Stocky Fister, Gardyloo SPeW, Jon Lander, Andrea Fletcher, Megan Fletcher-Cutts, Stanley Bad, Pascal Nichols and Joincey.
The next performance, as "American Evil" (an anagram of "Vince Earimal"), was on 19 August in Shoreditch, London. On this occasion Stewart Keith and Gardyloo SPeW were joined by new A Banders John Aziz, Martin Bizarro, Zoe Darling, Philip Julian, Simon Murphy, Phil Todd (of Ashtray Navigations) and Karl Waugh.
Since this they have performed over 150 times across the UK, and recruited more than 80 new members, including Richard Forrester, Richard Spencer, Richard Attridge, and two Richard Thomases.
In April 2011, Gardyloo SPeW convened an A Band performance for the first time in Sydney, Australia. The lineup consisted of Gardyloo SPeW on sax, vocals and theremin with a cast of local musicians from the city's experimental hub The Bird's Robe Collective.
A film documenting the genesis and growth of the A Band was filmed by Tim Barker in 2006, but has yet to be edited.
A second film documenting the band's current activities is being planned.
Discography
This listing may be incomplete - there are probably other releases extant.
Anusol - cassette (self-released, a compilation of the earliest live recordings, given away at the Anusol performance, limited to 10 copies, 1990).
Untitled - 7" single (Any Old Records, recorded and released 1991)
Anusol - cassette (Chocolate Monk recorded 1990, released 1992 - this is a recording of the performance listed above rather than a reissue of the previous tape)
Zene/Salivating Regina 7" (Baby Huey BABY-007, US, 1992)
Artex / A Lot - LP (Siltbreeze SB018 LP, US, 1993, rec. 1990 and 1991)
April Twelfth Nineteen-NinetyTwo cassette of studio recordings (self-released, recorded on the titular date)
Alarms - C46 cassette (self-released, 1993)
Live @ 7th Annual Neil Young Convention - cassette (Union Pole, c.1996, recorded July 1994)
A Band - CD (self-released, issued by Plaistow and Campbell, recorded 1991, released 1997)
Live In Greece 1992 - cassette (Kyp Highbury Records, recorded 1992, released 1999)
A Band - LP (Qbico 12, LP, Italy, 2003, rec. 1991)
TV Set From Winter - CDR (Qbico, recorded 1991, issued 2003, only available with the first 26 copies of the above LP on the same label)
Afterclap - DVD (Any Old Records 2008)
Avacado - CDR (Partially Sane Records 2009 - limited edition of 50)
An Ole Crab/ Andrew Lloyd Webber - Double CD (Live from 1993 - Apollolaan Records 2009)
Autograph - CDR (Partially Sane Records 2009 - limited edition of 50)
Amphibian - CDR (Bug Incision (Canada) 2010, studio sessions from 2009, edition of 119 - www.bugincision.com)
Abstruse - 3" (Sonic Oyster Records (Scotland) 2011 from a 2010 live recording)
20 Greatest Hits Volume One - The 90s - double CD (Must Die records 2012)
Away In A Manger - CDR (Any Old Records 2013, Christmas album limited to 50 copies)
Aurora (A Very A Band Xmas 2015 Triple Album) - digital release (Bandcamp, recorded at New River Studio on 8 October 2015, featuring Phillip Raymond Goodman, Stewart Keith, Tiger Gnome, Stanley Bad, Zoe Plumb, Steve PAsTA, Lara Pearl, Tim Drage, and Zali phoning in his appearance; resulted in well over four hours of recording, released 23 December 2015).
Adlawng Natawhan (Merry Keithmas) - digital release (Bandcamp, composed of the non-Christmas tracks from the 'Aurora (A Very A Band Xmas 2015 Triple Album)' session, released 8 October 2016).
Compilations, etc.:
Vince Taylor Is Dead - on compilation CD Church Of The Subgenius (recorded 1991, released 1992)
Martian Love Call - on compilation CD The Arbitrary Nature Of Meaning, credit reads Simon Wickham-Smith & A Band (Isomorphic, 1994)
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa... (exclusive Wire unraveling tape edit) - on compilation CD Tapper 23 (The Wire 2010, limited edition of 20,000 copies)
TV Sets From Winter - on compilation CD (Must Die Records 2012)
DVD sets:
Archive - 6 disc set compiled by Klair Films & documenting 17 live sets and 2 studio sessions from 1991 to 2010 (Any Old Records 2010)
A Bit Partial - 2 DVDs, 2 CDRs, and 2 cassettes documenting 13 live sets and 2 studio sessions from 2010 to 2014 (Any Old Records 2014)
References
External links
Myspace page, run by regular member Stewart Keith
YouTube page
The A Band's website
A Band photo group on Flickr
British experimental musical groups
Free improvisation ensembles
Cassette culture 1970s–1990s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Band |
Üsküdar Anadolu Spor Kulübü is a Turkish football club based in Üsküdar district of Istanbul. It was founded by Mehmed Bürhaneddin (Burhan Felek) and Dr. Hüdai in 1908. Their team colours are green and white. They are currently playing in Turkish Super Amateur League, Istanbul Group 3. They were groundsharing with Beylerbeyi SK at the Beylerbeyi 75. Yıl Stadium. They are currently playing at Spor Akademisi Stadium at Anadolu Hisarı. The club wants to use the Burhan Felek Stadium but the ground doesn't meet the professional football regulations.
Defunct branches
Wrestling, handball and athletics.
Honours
Istanbul Football League:
Runner-up: 1914–1915, 1916–1917
See also
List of Turkish Sports Clubs by Foundation Dates
External links
Club profile at TFF Istanbul Provincial Representative
References
Anadolu Spor Kulübü. Türk Futbol Tarihi vol.1. page(23). (June 1992) Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Yayınları.
Üsküdar Anadolu S.K.
Association football clubs established in 1908
1908 establishments in the Ottoman Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar%20Anadolu%20S.K. |
Cabeceiras de Basto () is a municipality in the district of Braga in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 16,710, in an area of 241.82 km².
The municipality borders the municipality of Montalegre to the north, Boticas to the northeast, Ribeira de Pena to the east, Mondim de Basto to the southeast, Celorico de Basto to the south, Fafe to the west and Vieira do Minho to the northwest.
The present mayor is Francisco Alves, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is September 29.
Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 12 civil parishes (freguesias):
Abadim
Alvite e Passos
Arco de Baúlhe e Vila Nune
Basto
Bucos
Cabeceiras de Basto
Cavez
Faia
Gondiães e Vilar de Cunhas
Pedraça
Refojos de Basto, Outeiro e Painzela
Rio Douro
Gallery
References
Towns in Portugal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabeceiras%20de%20Basto |
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