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The Flower of My Secret () is a 1995 drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. It was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 68th Academy Awards, but it was not selected as one of the final five nominees.
Plot
Leocadia "Leo" Macías, missing her husband, Paco, a NATO military official who is in Brussels for reasons related to the Bosnian War, puts on a pair of boots he gave her, but they are too tight, and she cannot get them off. Unable to contact her housekeeper, she tracks down her best friend, Betty, who removes the boots. Betty later encourages Leo, who is a writer, to contact Betty's friend Ángel, an editor at El País, and ask for a job writing about literature as a distraction. Ángel and Leo get along well, but when he asks her to review a new anthology of works by Amanda Gris, a popular writer of romance novels, she refuses and leaves his office.
Ángel calls Leo to tell her he has read the pieces she gave him as examples of her writing and wants to publish one of her essays. Overjoyed, she wants to talk to Paco, but her call wakes him up and he accuses her of being drunk before she can relay her news.
Leo meets with her publishers to discuss her newest manuscript. They tell her it is unsuitably dark for an Amanda Gris novel and remind her that she is contractually obliged to write five romance novels each year with happy endings and without any social conscience, to be published pseudonymously, at Leo's request. The publishers threaten to sue her for breach of contract if she does not submit something in the required style, but she says she cannot write like that anymore. Frustrated, Leo writes an article belittling Amanda Gris and submits it to Ángel, who publishes it.
Paco comes home on what is supposed to be a 24-hour leave, but when he arrives, he is aloof and says he has to leave in two hours to go to Split. Leo becomes hysterical and Paco accuses her of being selfish, resulting in an argument, during which all of the problems in their relationship that they had agreed to forget about until the conflict in Bosnia was over resurface. As Paco is leaving, Leo asks if there is any chance at saving their marriage. He says there is not. Left alone, Leo takes half of a bottle of tranquilizers.
Leo is awoken by the sound of her mother leaving a message on her answering machine. She vomits up the pills and wanders into the streets, where she bumps into Ángel. When she wakes up in his apartment the next day, she learns that, in her compromised state, she told him that she is Amanda Gris. He agrees to keep her secret, so long as she does not try to kill herself again.
Once home, Leo finds Betty waiting for her. Betty tells Leo that she and Paco had been having an affair, but she ended it the previous night when Paco came to see her following his argument with Leo. Leo's mother calls again to complain about Leo's sister, Rosa, with whom she lives, and say she is moving back to their old village; Leo decides to go with her.
Leo spends some time resting and reconnecting with her roots. One day, one of her publishers calls to say how pleased the firm is with Leo's two newest Amanda Gris novels. Somewhat bemused, Leo calls Ángel to ask if he wrote and submitted the works on her behalf. He says he did and, later, agrees to write the rest of the books on Leo's contract.
Back in Madrid, after attending a dance performance created by Antonio, the son of her housekeeper, who danced in it with his mother, Leo returns to her apartment. Antonio stops by and tells her that he had taken advantage of her recent forgetfulness to steal some of her belongings to finance his show, among them a copy of her rejected novel, which is being made into a film. Leo, who had been worried she was losing her mind, like several of her female relatives before her, muses about the paradoxes of life and surprises Antonio by thanking him for giving meaning to her darkest months. Revitalized, she visits Ángel and, pretending it is New Year's Eve, they kiss.
Cast
Production
Shooting locations included Almagro, in the province of Ciudad Real.
Reception
Critical response
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 85% based on 26 reviews, with an average score of 7/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "The Flower of My Secret finds Almodóvar revisiting old themes in a new, more subdued key, yielding a slight but vivacious work that delivers the pleasure of a punchy novella."
Accolades
|-
| align = "center" rowspan = "7" | 1996 || rowspan = "7" | 10th Goya Awards || Best Director || Pedro Almodóvar || || rowspan = "7" |
|-
| Best Actress || Marisa Paredes ||
|-
| rowspan = "2" | Best Supporting Actress || Chus Lampreave ||
|-
| Rossy de Palma ||
|-
| Best Art Direction || Wolfgang Burmann ||
|-
| Best Makeup and Hairstyles || Antonio Panizza, Juan Pedro Hernández ||
|-
| Best Sound || Bernardo Menz, Graham V. Hartstone ||
|}
Marisa Paredes won Best Actress at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the ACE Awards, and the Sant Jordi Awards.
Connections to later films by Pedro Almodóvar
The opening scene of The Flower of My Secret, in which, during a class taught by Betty, two young doctors role-play trying to persuade a woman who is acting like a grieving mother to donate the organs of her dead teenage son, was used as the starting point of All About My Mother (1999).
The novel in The Flower of My Secret that is rejected by Leo's publishers for being too dark and is then stolen and turned into a film has the same basic plot as that surrounding one of the daughters in Volver (2006): a young mother hides the corpse of her husband in a refrigerator after their daughter kills him because he tried to rape the girl.
In The Flower of My Secret, Leo tells Ángel that she earned money reading and writing letters for her illiterate neighbors as a child, a detail from Almodóvar's own life that also appears in Pain and Glory (2019). Also, the title of the essay by Leo that Ángel wants to publish in El País is "Pain and Life", which resembles "Pain and Glory".
See also
List of Spanish films of 1995
List of submissions to the 68th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Spanish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Notes
References
External links
Interview with Pedro Almodóvar about The Flower of My Secret
Los Angeles Times article on The Flower of My Secret
1995 films
1995 drama films
1990s French films
1990s Spanish films
1990s Spanish-language films
Ciby 2000 films
El Deseo films
Films about writers
Films directed by Pedro Almodóvar
Films produced by Agustín Almodóvar
Films scored by Alberto Iglesias
Films set in Castilla–La Mancha
Films set in Madrid
Films shot in Madrid
Films shot in the province of Ciudad Real
French drama films
Spanish drama films
Spanish-language French films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Flower%20of%20My%20Secret |
Poynton railway station serves the town of Poynton in Cheshire, England.
The station is on Cheshire East Council's local list of heritage buildings. It was built in 1887.
The station is staffed between the hours of 06:30 and 13:00 Monday to Friday and 07:30 and 14:00 on Saturdays. It is unstaffed on Sundays.
History
Poynton station was built to replace an earlier station called Poynton (Midway) that opened in a different location on 24 November 1845 and remained open until this new station was fully operational on 1 August 1887.
The station has, in the past, been subjected to regular vandalism. The station's toilets and bike shed are no longer open to the public. The station is painted in First North Western colours, the colours of a previous train operator which were very similar to and were adopted by another previous train operator Northern Rail.
The station's footbridge, both roofs and Manchester-bound platform waiting room were refurbished in spring 2011. At the same time, new lighting and CCTV were installed. There are card-only ticket machines one both platforms which issue promise to pay vouchers for passengers wishing to pay by cash.
Best Station Award
The station has been adopted by a local garden centre and has since won the award for Cheshire Best Kept Station in 2007, Best Kept Gardens in 2013, the WW1 Commemoration Award in 2014 and Cheshire Best Kept Station again in 2015.
Service pattern
Northern Trains operate an hourly service to Stoke-on-Trent southbound and Manchester Piccadilly northbound. Some early morning/late night services originate/terminate at Macclesfield. Additional services operate at peak commuter times and after 10pm. There are six services in each direction on Sundays.
From May 2018, Monday to Saturday train services were set to be increased to operate every half-hour in each direction to Manchester Piccadilly and Macclesfield, with 1 northbound service per hour continuing to Blackpool North and one southbound service continuing to Stoke-on-Trent. Sunday services had been scheduled to operate hourly to Blackpool North and Stoke-on-Trent. Due to delays in the Bolton corridor electrification and timetabling complications, these changes did not take effect. Minor improvements were made in December 2018, with additional minor enhancements.
References
External links
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category E stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1887
Northern franchise railway stations
Poynton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poynton%20railway%20station |
The Cheetah Girls 2 (also known as The Cheetah Girls: When In Spain in the working title) is a 2006 American film and the sequel to the Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM), The Cheetah Girls. Directed by Kenny Ortega, the sequel is about the talented teen quartet who take a whirlwind tour of Spain to pursue their dreams of pop superstardom. Unlike its predecessor, which incorporated karaoke-like musical numbers, The Cheetah Girls 2 turned into more of a musical.
Its premiere received the highest ratings of all Disney Channel Movies at its time, a total of over 8.1 million viewers, beating the premiere ratings of High School Musical (7.7 million), and beating previous highest-rated DCOM record holder, Cadet Kelly (7.8 million), as well as becoming the highest-rated Cheetah Girls film in the trilogy. The film is the eighth-highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie of all time and was the highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie of 2006. This is the last film in the series to star Raven-Symoné.
Plot
The movie begins in Manhattan, two years after the first film, where the Cheetah Girls have just completed their junior year and are performing at a Graduation Party for the Manhattan Magnet's Class of 2006 ("The Party's Just Begun").
Later while having a sleep-over at Galleria's (Raven-Symoné), Chanel (Adrienne Bailon) tells the girls that her mother, Juanita (Lori Anne Alter), is planning a trip to Barcelona, Spain, where they will be visiting Luc (Abel Folk), Juanita's boyfriend. Aqua (Kiely Williams) sees a shooting star and the girls make a wish together—to go to Spain with Chanel. A gust of wind flips one of the girls’ magazine pages to an ad for a Barcelona music festival. Galleria enters the Cheetah Girls and the next day, her mother Dorothea (Lynn Whitfield), Juanita, and the Cheetah Girls all decide to travel to Spain together.
When the girls arrive in Barcelona, they meet Angel (Peter Vives), a mysterious guitar player who accompanies them around Barcelona as they sing to the entire city, and he becomes Galleria's love interest ("Strut"). The next day, the girls successfully audition for the festival ("Cheetah Sisters").
The following day, they meet Joaquin (Golan Yosef), Luc's godson and a dancer who becomes a love interest for Dorinda (Sabrina Bryan). Dorinda visits his studio where he teaches her tango ("Dance With Me").
That night, Joaquin takes the Cheetahs to The Dancing Cat, a local Spanish night club where all of the new artists perform their songs ("Why Wait") ("A La Nanita Nana"). They meet and befriend Marisol (Belinda), a beloved Spanish pop star, who will also compete in the Music Festival, and her manager/mother, Lola (Kim Manning). Lola appears nice and wins the Cheetah Girls' affection, but secretly plans a scheme to break up the girls, as they pose a threat to her daughter's chances in the competition. Meanwhile, Aqua and Dorothea have been designing clothes, Juanita is trying to get a proposal out of Luc, Dorinda is teaching hip hop to Joaquin's class, and Galleria is the only one focused on the competition, as she is writing a song called, "Amigas Cheetahs", which they will sing at the competition ("Do Your Own Thing").
Galleria notices that everyone is getting involved in other activities except for her ("It's Over"), and eventually decides to take a train to Paris, where she can meet up with her father and go home. While at a train station, the other three girls find Galleria and convince her to stay after promising to stay focused. Later, Chanel overhears Juanita talking to Dorothea about how she believes that Luc doesn't want to marry her because Chanel doesn't like him. Luc later proposes to Juanita, after Chanel gives him permission, and she gladly accepts. Luc tells Chanel that she can stay in New York with her friends for her upcoming senior year.
After the Cheetah Girls finish performing at The Dancing Cat ("Step Up"), Lola convinces the club manager to pay the Cheetah Girls. The competition will only allow amateur performs to compete, and accepting payment disqualified them. They return the money and Angel, who was present during the entire exchange, investigates.
Lola suggests that since the Cheetah Girls cannot perform as a group, Chanel should perform with Marisol instead. Right before Chanel is going to perform with Marisol, the Festival Director informs that the Cheetah Girls are able to perform after speaking to Angel, who is revealed to be his nephew. He informed the director of Lola’s attempts, and his uncle reinstates the group. Marisol stands up to her mother and drops out of the competition. The Cheetah Girls then perform "Amigas Cheetahs" and bring Marisol onto the stage, along with Joaquin's dancing crew, Angel on the guitar and the Director on the trumpet, and the film ends.
In an alternate ending, Juanita and Luc get married("Cherish the Moment"). This scene is not shown in TV or sing-along versions.
Cast
Raven-Symoné as Galleria "Bubbles" Garibaldi
Adrienne Bailon as Chanel "Chuchie" Simmons
Sabrina Bryan as Dorinda "Do" Thomas
Kiely Williams as Aquanette "Aqua" Walker
Belinda as Marisol Durán
Kim Manning as Lola Durán, Marisol's mother and manager, and the main antagonist of the film. She plans to break up the Cheetah Girls in order to ensure that her daughter wins the competition and becomes a star. In the end, she also befriends the Cheetah Girls.
Lynn Whitfield as Dorothea Garibaldi
Lori Alter as Juanita Simmons
Golan Yosef as Joaquin, Dorinda's love interest. Like Dorinda, he is a talented dancer.
Peter Vives as Angel, a mysterious guitar player and Galleria's new love interest.
Abel Folk as Luc, Juanita's fiance-then-husband, Joaquin's godfather, and Chanel's stepfather.
Production
The entire film, including the scenes that took place in New York City, was shot on location in Barcelona, Spain during the spring of 2006.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released on August 15, 2006.<ref>The Cheetah Girls 2</ref> It debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200 and sold over 1.4 million copies to date.
Track listing
"The Party's Just Begun" – The Cheetah Girls
"Strut" – The Cheetah Girls featuring Peter Vives and Jorge Juan Garzón
"Dance With Me" – Drew Seeley featuring Belinda
"Why Wait?" – Belinda
"A La Nanita Nana" – Adrienne Bailon and Belinda
"Do Your Own Thing" – Raven-Symoné
"It's Over" – The Cheetah Girls
"Step Up" – The Cheetah Girls
"Amigas Cheetahs" – The Cheetah Girls featuring Belinda
"Cherish the Moment" – The Cheetah Girls
"Cheetah Sisters (Barcelona Mix)" – The Cheetah Girls
"Everyone's a Star" – Raven-Symoné
"It's Gonna Be Alright" – Raven-Symoné
"Studio Session with The Cheetah Girls" – Bonus video track
Special editions
Bonus tracks
"Route 66" – The Cheetah Girls
"Strut (Ming Mix)" – The Cheetah Girls
Disneyland concert DVD tracksAll songs performed by the Cheetah Girls "The Party's Just Begun"
"Step Up"
"Cinderella"
"Strut"
"Cheetah Sisters"
Reception
The premiere of the movie became Disney Channel's highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie with a total of 8.1 million viewers, beating the previous record holder Cadet Kelly, which had a total of 7.8 million viewers. This was then beat by Jump In!, which closely beat it with 8.2 million viewers. Currently, the highest-rated DCOM is High School Musical 2 with 17.2 million viewers. A repeat during the weekend gathered a massive 7.82 million viewers, tallying the total number of viewers to 15.9 million viewers. The Cheetah Girls 2 is currently the sixth-highest-viewed DCOM as of September 2010. It was the highest-viewed DCOM of 2006, following the footsteps of the first film, which was the highest-viewed of 2003. Feedback to the movie has been generally positive for the target audience.
Ultimate Disney said "this film lays off on some of the annoyances found in the first film. The Cheetah Girls have grown up and thus grown out of the annoying tweenage girl characterizations that are now seen in the snobby minor characters of Hannah Montana". The review went on to say "the nicest thing about this sequel is that on screen, the Cheetah Girls still seem to exemplify a deep friendship among a group of young women. The chemistry between the central actresses is strong, making them a believable group of friends who appear to be having a lot of fun making this movie".
About.com was also favourable, commenting "The Cheetah Girls 2 contains the expected cheesiness, drama, and unrealistic plot, but I have to admit that I was totally taken in". Common Sense Media wrote that "the characters have aged, and their flair for drama has taken a backseat to introspective decision making and goal setting, making them more realistic (and positive) role models".
In the United Kingdom, 282,000 viewers tuned in on its premiere night, becoming #1 of the week on Disney Channel UK.
Release
DVD release
The Cheetah Girls 2: Cheetah-Licious Edition was released on November 28, 2006. The Region 1 DVD includes Spanish audio tracks.
The Cheetah Girls 2 – As Feras da Música DVD was released in Brazil on April 11, 2007.
The Cheetah Girls 2: Cheetah-Licious Edition DVD was released in the UK on May 21, 2007.
The Cheetah Girls 2 DVD was released in Italy on May 23, 2007, with audio tracks in Italian, German, English, Spanish and French and with extra features.
The Cheetah Girls 2: Cheetah-Licious Edition DVD was released in Hong Kong on June 26, 2007. The Region 3 DVD includes audio tracks in English, Mandarin, Japanese, Spanish and Portuguese, and subtitles in English, Traditional Chinese, Malay, Indonesian, Spanish, and Portuguese.
The DVD debuted at #10 on Billboard''s "Top DVD sales" chart in the U.S., where it has sold nearly one million copies since its release and has grossed over $17 million in revenue. The Cheetah Girls 2 (2006) - Financial Information
Awards
2007 – Nominated; Imagen Awards Imagen Award for Best Director – Film (Kenny Ortega)
2007 – Nominated; Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Music for Television – Long Form (Carli Barber; music editor)
References
External links
2006 television films
2006 films
2006 comedy-drama films
2006 in American television
2000s buddy comedy films
2000s female buddy films
2000s musical comedy-drama films
2000s teen comedy-drama films
American buddy comedy-drama films
American female buddy films
American musical comedy-drama films
American sequel films
American teen comedy-drama films
American teen musical films
The Cheetah Girls films
American comedy-drama television films
Films about girl groups
Films about orphans
Films based on American novels
Films based on young adult literature
Films directed by Kenny Ortega
Films set in Barcelona
Films set in New York City
Films shot in Barcelona
American musical television films
2000s Spanish-language films
Television sequel films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cheetah%20Girls%202 |
The Airman's coin is a challenge coin that is awarded to United States Air Force enlisted Airmen upon completion of Basic Military Training at Lackland AFB, Texas. After the award of the coin the individual is no longer referred to as "trainee," but as "Airman," marking the successful completion of the first phase of training in becoming an Airman in the United States Air Force.
Award criteria and meaning
The Airman's coin is used to welcome new junior enlisted into the United States Air Force as well as to give the newest members a link to the heritage of the Air Force. The Airman's coin is awarded near the end of Basic Military Training and marks the transition from trainee to Airman. It is usually awarded by a Wing Commander or Command Chief Master Sergeant, but may also be awarded by other personnel such as the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force or even the trainee's own Military Training Instructor. The Airman's coin typically is the first challenge coin awarded to Airmen and is the foundation for an Airman's unique challenge coin collection.
Description
The original version of the Airman's Coin features on one side an eagle clawing its way out of the coin with the words "Aerospace Power" underneath it. The entire image is circled with the sentence "Awarded on the occasion of becoming an airman in the world's best Air Force". The reverse of the coin has a white star with a red dot in the center, known as a Hap Arnold star, flanked by a pair of wings. The symbol recalls the Air Force's roots in the Army Air Corps. The symbol is surrounded by the text of the Core Values of the Air Force: Integrity First, Service Before Self, Excellence In All We Do.
The currently issued Airman's Coin replaces the eagle completely, having the new United States Air Force Symbol in its place in dark blue, itself based on the Hap Arnold star on the reverse.
References
Challenge coins
United States Air Force
Military life
Awards and decorations of the United States Air Force | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airman%27s%20coin |
Curtis Stigers (born October 18, 1965) is an American jazz singer. He achieved a number of hits in the early 1990s, most notably the international hit "I Wonder Why" (1991), which reached No. 5 in the UK and No. 9 in the US.
Career
Stigers was born in Hollywood, California, and grew up in Boise, Idaho. He started his music career as a teenager, playing in rock and blues bands, as well as receiving an education in clarinet and saxophone in high school in Boise. He acquired much of his motivation for pursuing jazz from jam sessions led by Gene Harris at the Idanha Hotel. His song "Swingin' Down at Tenth and Main" is a tribute to those times with Harris. After receiving his diploma, he moved to New York City, intending to become a rock musician. But he spent more time in jazz clubs singing and playing saxophone.
Arista released his debut album, which achieved multi-platinum sales. His combination of rock and soul was also popular on the soundtrack to the movie The Bodyguard, which contained his version of "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding" by Nick Lowe. Concord Jazz released Baby Plays Around, an album of that included Chris Minh Doky and Randy Brecker He recorded several more jazzy albums for Concord before turning to the country flavor of Let's Go Out Tonight with cover versions of songs by Steve Earle, Richard Thompson, and Hayes Carll.
He has worked with Elton John, Eric Clapton, Prince, Bonnie Raitt, Rod Stewart, The Allman Brothers Band and Joe Cocker. He sang a duet with Julia Fordham on her re-recording of "Where Does the Time Go?" on the 1998 compilation album The Julia Fordham Collection.
His song "I Wonder Why" reached No. 5 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 9 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1991, while "You're All That Matters to Me" reached No. 6 as the follow-up single in the UK. In 2006, Stigers participated in the BBC Television show Just the Two of Us, where he sang with journalist Penny Smith. He was one of the soloists at a concert celebrating the MGM musical during the 2009 Proms season. His song "This Life" was for the American television show Sons of Anarchy. He also sang "John the Revelator" for the season one finale.
Discography
Albums
Curtis Stigers (Arista, 1991)
Time Was (Arista, 1995)
Brighter Days (Columbia, 1999)
Baby Plays Around (Concord Jazz, 2001)
Secret Heart (Concord Jazz, 2002)
You Inspire Me (Concord Jazz, 2003)
I Think It's Going to Rain Today (Concord Jazz, 2005)
Real Emotional (Concord, 2007)
Lost in Dreams (Concord, 2009)
Let's Go Out Tonight (Concord Jazz, 2012)
Hooray for Love (Concord Jazz, 2014)
One More for the Road [live] (Concord Jazz, 2014 [rel. 2017]) with the Danish Radio Big Band
Gentleman (EmArcy, 2020)
This Life (EmArcy, 2022)
Charting singles
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
American jazz singers
Jazz-pop singers
Smooth jazz singers
Musicians from Boise, Idaho
Concord Records artists
EmArcy Records artists
Arista Records artists
Jazz musicians from Idaho
American baritones
Sons of Anarchy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20Stigers |
The Italian Regency of Carnaro (), also known in Italian as (), was a self-proclaimed state in the city of Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia) led by Gabriele d'Annunzio between 1919 and 1920.
Impresa di Fiume
During World War I (1914–1918), Italy made a pact with the Allies, the Treaty of London (1915), in which it was promised all of the Austrian Littoral, but not the city of Fiume. After the war, at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, this delineation of territory was confirmed, with Fiume (or Rijeka) remaining outside of Italian borders and amalgamated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
As a nationalist, Gabriele D'Annunzio was angered by what he considered to be the surrender of an Italian city. On 12 September 1919, he led a force that was about 2,600-strong and drawn mostly from former or serving members of the Granatieri di Sardegna brigade of the Royal Italian Army, as well as Italian nationalists and irredentists. Many members of D'Annunzio's force were reputedly veterans of the Battles of the Isonzo.
They were successful in seizing control of the city, and forced the withdrawal of the Allied (US, British and French) occupying forces. The march from Ronchi dei Legionari to Fiume, by D'Annunzio's so-called "legionaries", became known as the Impresa di Fiume ("Fiume endeavor", or "Fiume enterprise").
On the same day, D'Annunzio announced that he had annexed the territory to the Kingdom of Italy. He was enthusiastically welcomed by the ethnic Italian portion of the population of Fiume. This was opposed by the Italian government, which attempted to pressure D'Annunzio to withdraw. The government initiated a blockade of Fiume and demanded that the plotters surrender. During his time in Fiume in September 1919, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti praised the leaders of the impresa as "advance guard deserters" (disertori in avanti).
Modus vivendi
On December 8, the Italian government proposed a modus vivendi recognizing Fiume's desire for annexation and promising they would "only consider acceptable a solution consonant with that which Fiume declared to desire." On December 11 and 12, D'Annunzio met with General Pietro Badoglio to try and obtain more concessions. Badoglio refused, and D'Annunzio said he would submit the modus vivendi to the Italian National Council of Fiume. The National Council accepted the proposal on December 15.
After the National Council's decision, D'Annunzio addressed a crowd of five thousand people and incited them to reject the modus vivendi, promising to put the issue to a plebiscite. The plebiscite was held on December 18, and despite violence and irregularities the results were overwhelmingly in favour of the modus vivendi. D'Annunzio nullified the results, blaming the violence at the polls, and announced he would make the final decision himself. He ultimately rejected the modus vivendi. According to Michael Ledeen, D'Annunzio made this decision because he distrusted the Italian government and doubted their ability to deliver on their promises.
Regency
On 8 September 1920, D'Annunzio proclaimed the city to be under the Italian Regency of Carnaro with a constitution foreshadowing some of the later Italian Fascist system, with himself as dictator, with the title of Comandante.
The name Carnaro was taken from the Golfo del Carnaro (Kvarner Gulf), where the city is located. It was temporarily expanded by D'Annunzio in order to include the island of Veglia.
Constitution
The Charter of Carnaro (Carta del Carnaro in Italian) was a constitution that combined Sorelian national syndicalist, corporativist and democratic republican ideas. D'Annunzio is often seen as a precursor of the ideals and techniques of Italian fascism. His own explicit political ideals emerged in Fiume when he coauthored the charter with syndicalist Alceste De Ambris. De Ambris provided the legal and political framework, to which D'Annunzio added his skills as a poet. The charter designates music a "religious and social institution."
Corporations
The constitution established a corporatist state, with nine corporations to represent the different sectors of the economy, where membership was mandatory, plus a symbolic tenth corporation devised by D'Annunzio, to represent the "superior individuals" (e.g. poets, "heroes" and "supermen"). The other nine were as follows:
Industrial and Agricultural Workers
Seafarers
Employers
Industrial and Agricultural Technicians
Private Bureaucrats and Administrators
Teachers and Students
Lawyers and Doctors
Civil Servants
Co-operative Workers
Executive
The executive power would be vested in seven ministers (rettori):
Foreign Affairs
Treasury
Education
Police and Justice
Defence
Public Economy
Labor
Legislature
The legislative power was vested in a bicameral legislature. Joint sessions of both councils (Arengo del Carnaro) would be responsible for treaties with foreign powers, amendments to the constitution, and appointment of a dictator in times of emergency.
Council of the Best (Consiglio degli Ottimi): Elected by universal suffrage for a 3-year term, with 1 councilor per 1000 population, this council was responsible for legislation concerning civil and criminal justice, police, armed forces, education, intellectual life and relations between the central government and communes.
Council of Corporations (Consiglio dei Provvisori): Consisting of 60 members chosen by nine corporations for a 2-year term, this council was responsible for laws regulating business and commerce, labor relations, public services, transportation and merchant shipping, tariffs and trade, public works, medical and legal professions.
Judiciary
Judicial power was vested in the courts:
Supreme Court (Corte della Ragione, literally "Court of Reason")
Communal Courts (Buoni Uomini, literally "Good Men")
Labour Court (Giudici del Lavoro, "Labour-law Judges")
Civil Court (Giudici Togati, "Robe-wearing Judges")
Criminal Court (Giudici del Maleficio, where "Maleficio" is a literary form for "wrongdoing", but it can also mean "curse")
Impact
Benito Mussolini was influenced by portions of the constitution, and by D'Annunzio's style of leadership as a whole. D'Annunzio has been described as the John the Baptist of Italian Fascism, as virtually the entire ritual of Fascism was invented by D'Annunzio during his occupation of Fiume and his leadership of the Italian Regency of Carnaro. These included the balcony address, the Roman salute, the cries of "Eia, eia, eia! Alala!" taken from the Achilles' cry in the Iliad, the dramatic and rhetorical dialogue with the crowd, and the use of religious symbols in new secular settings. It also included his method of government in Fiume: the economics of the corporate state; stage tricks; large emotive nationalistic public rituals; and blackshirted followers, the Arditi, with their disciplined, bestial responses and strongarm repression of dissent. He was even said to have originated the practice of forcibly dosing opponents with large amounts of castor oil, a very effective laxative, to humiliate, disable or kill them, a practice which became a common tool of Mussolini's blackshirts.
Demise
The approval of the Treaty of Rapallo on 12 November 1920 turned Fiume into an independent state, the Free State of Fiume.
D'Annunzio ignored the Treaty of Rapallo and declared war on Italy itself. On 24 December 1920 the Royal Italian Army, led by General Enrico Caviglia, launched a full-scale attack against Fiume: after several hours of intense fighting, a truce was proclaimed for Christmas day; the battle subsequently resumed on 26 December. Since D'Annunzio's legionnaires were refusing to surrender and were strongly resisting the attack using machine guns and grenades, the Italian dreadnoughts Andrea Doria and Duilio opened fire on Fiume and bombed the city for three days. D'Annunzio resigned on 28 December and the Regency capitulated on 30 December 1920, being occupied by Italian forces.
The Free State of Fiume would officially last until 1924, when Fiume was formally annexed to the Kingdom of Italy under the terms of the Treaty of Rome. The administrative division was called the Province of Fiume.
See also
Doctrine of Fascism
Gabriele d'Annunzio
List of governors and heads of state of Fiume
Postage stamps and postal history of Fiume
Free State of Fiume
Italia irredentia
Pietro Micheletti
Rijeka
Notes
Further reading
Reill, Dominique Kirchner. The Fiume Crisis: Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire (2020) online review
External links
The Charter of Carnaro
https://web.archive.org/web/20180509072247/http://www.reakt.org/fiume/index_2.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20180124083210/http://www.reakt.org/fiume/charter_of_carnaro.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20070212090316/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hr-fiume.html
http://worldatwar.net/nations/other/fiume/
https://web.archive.org/web/20090715162114/http://www.karr.net/Constitution_of_Fiume/etexts.htm
Gabriele D'Annunzio
Italian irredentism
Italian Fascism
Fascist states
Geographic history of Croatia
History of Rijeka
States succeeding Austria-Hungary
1920 in Italy
States and territories established in 1919
Disputed territories in Europe
Italy–Yugoslavia relations
Former countries of the interwar period
Syncretic political movements
Italian unification
Adriatic question
Former countries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian%20Regency%20of%20Carnaro |
Cynthia Johnson (born April 22, 1956) is an American singer, songwriter and television personality. She is best known as the lead singer of the band Lipps Inc. with the worldwide smash hit "Funkytown".
Musical career
Beginnings
Prior to becoming the lead singer of Lipps Inc., Johnson had become well-known locally for winning the 1976 Miss Black Minnesota, USA pageant, and for being the lead vocalist of the well-known Minneapolis band Flyte Tyme for seven years. Being also an accomplished saxophone player, Johnson utilized her saxophone talents in Flyte Tyme, and she also wrote many of their songs. Johnson also co-wrote some songs with band members Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, today a multi-Grammy award winning songwriting and producing team.
Johnson completed her undergraduate degree at the University of Minnesota, Morris in 1978, and continued to perform with Flyte Tyme for a brief time. Shortly after she left Flyte Tyme, the band evolved into The Time, a side project of Prince.
Lipps Inc.
Johnson was the lead singer of the popular Minneapolis-based band Lipps Inc., best known for its 1980 song "Funkytown". The song hit No. 1 in 28 countries, sold more than 35 million copies worldwide, and earned a place in the "One-Hit Wonders" section of the Rock & Roll Museum in Cleveland, Ohio. Other singles include "Designer Music" and "Rock It", but the group never matched the success of "Funkytown", which continues to influence popular culture. The group received several awards, among them three Billboard Music Awards and "Soul Record of the Year" by the AMOA association. Johnson left the band after the group's third album Designer Music was released.
Late 1980s to present
Johnson has continued her musical career and remains active as a member of the three-time Grammy Award-winning gospel group Sounds of Blackness, as a musician on albums by Maceo Parker and Prince, on labels such as Motown, and on projects of Grammy-winning producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. She also has worked as a jingle singer on commercials for products from 3M, Volkswagen, Nissan, Target, FedEx, Ford and McDonald's. She has also sung for U.S. presidents. Johnson was the host of the first episode of the FunkyTown TV series, produced by the Minneapolis-based production company, Megabien Entertainment.
Solo career
In addition to working with others, Johnson continues her career as a solo artist. Her debut album, All That I Am, was released on December 15, 2013 on the Megabien Music label.
Discography
Solo albums and lead vocalist
1979 Mouth to Mouth – Lipps, Inc. – Lead Vocals
1980 Pucker Up – Lipps, Inc. – Lead Vocals
1981 Designer Music – Lipps, Inc. – Lead Vocals, songwriter
1992 Funkyworld – Lipps, Inc. – Lead Vocals
2003 Funkytown – Lipps, Inc. – Lead Vocals, songwriter, composer
2013 All That I Am – Main Vocals, songwriter, producer
Additional appearances
1978 A Touch on the Rainy Side – Jesse Winchester – Choir/Chorus
1980 Billboard Top Dance Hits: 1980 – Saxophone, Vocals
1987 Kiss Serious – Chico DeBarge – backing vocals
1988 Just Like That – Brownmark – backing vocals
1988 Personal & Attention – Stacy Lattisaw – backing vocals
1988 When the Lights Go Out – Pia Zadora – backing vocals
1988 Carry On, Vol. 2 – Ipso Facto – Vocals
1988 Omaiyo – Robin Adnan Anders – Vocals
1990 I Am – Elisa Fiorillo – backing vocals
1990 The Brojos – The Brojos – Rap, backing vocals
1991 Here It Is – Jevetta Steele – backing vocals
1991 Imperial Bells of China – Hubei Song & Dance Ensemble – Photography
1993 Here It Is – Jevetta Steele – backing vocals
1994 African-American Music in Minnesota – Vocals
1995 It Must Be Christmas – Debbie Duncan – Choir/Chorus, Vocals
1996 Best of the Singer's Voice – Performer, Primary Artist
1996 Greatest Hits – Georgia Mass Choir – Choir/Chorus
1998 Lonnie Hunter & The Voices of St. Mark – Lonnie Hunter – Alto Vocals
1998 Lost in the Blues – Doug Maynard – backing vocals
1998 River of Song: A Musical Journey Down the Mississippi – Producer
1999 Loud Guitars, Big Suspicions – Shannon Curfman – backing vocals
1999 Billboard Top Dance Hits: 1976–1980 – Saxophone, Vocals
2002 Solid Gold Funk – Vocals
2002 Soul Symphony – Sounds of Blackness – Alto Vocals
2003 Angels on the Freeway – Kevin Bowe – Vocals
2003 Cross N Water – Ford – Vocals, backing vocals
2003 David Young – David Young – backing vocals
2003 Made by Maceo – Maceo Parker – backing vocals
2003 Sweet Talk – Reneé Austin – backing vocals
2004 Deliverance – Shane Henry – backing vocals
2005 In the Fellowship – Patrick Lundy – Tenor Vocals
2005 Right About Love – Reneé Austin – Vocal Harmony, backing vocals
2005 School's In! – Maceo Parker – Vocals, backing vocals
2005 Unity – Sounds of Blackness – Alto Vocals, Primary Artist, Vocals
2005 Unity [2005] – Unity – Alto (Vocals), Primary Artist, Vocals
2006 I'll Play All Night Long – John McAndrew – backing vocals
2006 Overflow – Kevin Davidson – Banjo
2007 Between Saturday Night and Sunday Morning – Mick Sterling – Main Personnel, Vocals, backing vocals
2007 Kings and Queens: Message from the Movement – Sounds of Blackness – Alto Vocals
2007 The One Who's Leavin' – Doug Spartz – backing vocals
2010 Chinese Whispers – Alison Scott – backing vocals
2010 Life's a Party: the Best of In Between – Primary Artist
2011 Hope One Mile – G.B. Leighton – Vocal Harmony
2011 Sounds of Blackness – Sounds of Blackness – Alto Vocals, Group Member, Vocals
2012 Natchez Trace – Kevin Bowe – Vocal Harmony
2012 Nothing But a Breeze/A Touch on the Rainy Side – Jesse Winchester – Choir/Chorus
2013 He's Faithful – James Pullin & Remnant – Soprano vocals
2013 Purple Snow, Forecasting the Minneapolis Sound – Lead Vocals, Songwriter (1970s recording on compilation)
Filmography
Live performance "Higher Ground" with ABC Youth Choir, Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota, 2001
Funkytown, TV series, 2013
Les Annees Bonheur, French TV show, 2014
Awards and recognitions
Miss Black Minnesota USA, 1976
Induction into the Minnesota Music Hall of Fame as a member of Lipps Inc
Recipient of Platinum in the US, Double Platinum in Canada, Gold in France and Germany, Silver in the UK, among others, as the lead singer on "Funkytown"
Three Billboard Music Awards, 1980
Three time Grammy Award Winner as a member of Sounds of Blackness, 1991, 1993 and 1998
References
External links
Cynthia Johnson is credited as a saxophonist on this compilation (containing "Funkytown")
Lipps Inc., Disco's Littlest, Oddest Conglomerate, Turns Minneapolis into An Unlikely 'Funkytown' (People Magazine – July 28, 1980)
TV show Funkytown (Video Production by Megabien Entertainment – Sept. 2012)
Washington Post article "Funkytown: Digging on the rise of soul music in 1980s Minneapolis"
1956 births
Living people
20th-century African-American women singers
Musicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
American dance musicians
American television personalities
American women television personalities
American women singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Minnesota
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women singers
American funk singers
American disco singers
American women pop singers
African-American rock singers
University of Minnesota Morris alumni
20th-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters
African-American songwriters
21st-century African-American women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia%20Johnson |
Carolynne Willey (born 5 August 1980) is a British singer-songwriter, actress and former model from Leeds, England. She is a founding member of the Carolynne Good Band, based in Leeds and London. She is best known for finishing in third place on the second series of the BBC singing competition Fame Academy in 2003. In 2011, Willey was a contestant on The X Factor and made it to the judges' houses' stage of the competition. She returned to the show the following series in 2012 and made it to the live shows, but was eliminated after the first live show following a sing-off against Rylan Clark.
Early and personal life
Carolynne Good was born in Leeds, Yorkshire. She attended Pudsey Grangefield High School.
She was previously married to footballer David Poole. In August 2015, Good announced that she was in a relationship with England cricketer David Willey, whom she married in November 2016.
Singing career
1998–2001: Early career
Poole's early musical influences included The Eagles, U2, The Carpenters, and Mary Chapin Carpenter. In 1998, having moved from Leeds to London to pursue a career as a singer-songwriter, she was one of the final 15 in auditions for S Club 7, along with Pop Idol contestant Zoe Birkett. The following year, Poole joined and fronted a five-member country music band, with which she toured the UK. In 2001, she signed her first publishing contract with BMG Music Publishing. In 2000, she continued to develop her songwriting talents in the UK and Europe. She split most of her time between London and Stockholm, writing for other recording artists, writing and recording with different songwriters and producers.
2003–05: Fame Academy, songwriting and touring
In 2003, Poole appeared in the second series of the BBC's singing competition Fame Academy, in which she reached the final. A song she co-wrote with fellow contestants Alex Parks and James Fox, titled "Not Your Average Kind of Girl", was included on Parks' 2003 debut album Introduction. The album reached number 5 on the UK Albums Chart and has since been classified 2x Platinum in the UK, and gold in six other countries including Italy, Greece, Germany, and Australia.
Poole spent 2004 continuing to writing songs, and in the next year toured the UK with Tony Christie. Under the wing of Christie's Amarillo Music, she co-wrote new material and formed the Carolynne Good Band in 2005 with songwriter/bassist Don Rogers, drummer Sean Fitzgerald, guitarists Alex Rogers and Alex Sharman from the London-based band Starling, and keyboard player Maki. According to the band, their music is "a blend of traditional singer-songwriter melodies with a country flavor."
2011–12: The X Factor
In 2011, Poole auditioned for the eighth series of The X Factor. She reached the "judges' houses" stage, where Louis Walsh was her mentor in the "over 25s" category, but failed to progress through to the live shows, with Walsh instead choosing Johnny Robinson, Kitty Brucknell, Jonjo Kerr and Goldie Cheung (who later dropped out and was replaced by Sami Brookes).
Poole auditioned again for the ninth series, and made it to the live shows with Gary Barlow as her mentor. In the first week of the live shows, Poole sang Nicki Minaj's "Starships". Despite positive comments, however, she was in the bottom two the following night with controversial "boys" contestant Rylan Clark. Nicole Scherzinger voted against Poole as Clark was in her category, while Gary Barlow and Tulisa voted to eliminate Clark based on the final showdown performance. This meant Walsh had the casting vote, but he appeared unable to make up his mind. After hesitating for some time, he eventually said "I'm going to with Carolynne, I want to keep Carolynne.", although he had to say who wanted to send home, not who he wanted to save. Eventually, after being pressured for an answer by presenter Dermot O'Leary, Walsh made his decision by saying, "I want to take it to deadlock!". O'Leary then revealed that Poole had received the fewest public votes and she was sent home, much to the disgust of Barlow, who stormed off stage and later called Clark a "joke act" and "talentless".
2014–present: Debut album
Following The X Factor, Poole relocated to the United States for five months. She spent time gigging in Arizona and Los Angeles as well as in Nashville, Tennessee, commonly known as the "home of country", where she collaborated with songwriters and producers including Jeff Silbar. In 2014 and 2015, she played at the C2C: Country to Country festival in London. In early 2015, Poole received radio airplay on BBC Radio 2 Country with a song titled "Cupid Must've Been High". Later Poole released her debut single, "I Love You but Shut Up", which features guitar-playing by Albert Lee. The single was play listed on BBC Radio 2, which led to a Terry Wogan session. A tour in support of the single is planned. She will return to play two slots at C2C in March 2016.
Carolynne released her debut 5 song album "Coming Back To Me" on 7 April 2017 and was subsequently nominated for two British Country Music Association Awards.
Acting career
Since 2005, Poole has appeared on stage in pantomime and has also acted in short films. In August 2008, she began shooting her first feature film playing Frankie in The Last Days of Edgar Harding, which was released in 2011. In 2010, she played the role of Sue in Bill Kenwright's UK tour of Dreamboats and Petticoats, and had a minor role in the BBC film Eric and Ernie. In May 2012, Poole appeared in Emmerdale as a girlfriend. She later played Justin Gallagher's new fiancée Talia Brice.
References
External links
(Archive copy)
1980 births
Living people
English women singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
British country singers
The X Factor (British TV series) contestants
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
Actresses from Huddersfield
Musicians from Huddersfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolynne%20Poole |
Adlington (Cheshire) railway station serves the village of Adlington in Cheshire, England.
It was staffed for many years but is now unstaffed. The station building is privately owned. There is a ticket machine, which passengers must use to obtain a promise to pay or purchase their ticket before boarding the train.
History
Opened by the London and North Western Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.
When Sectorisation was introduced, the station was served by Regional Railways until the Privatisation of British Railways.
Service
From 14 December 2008 trains operate on an hourly pattern, terminating at Stoke-on-Trent (southbound) or Manchester Piccadilly (northbound). Some early morning/late night services originate/terminate at Macclesfield.
There are six trains each way on Sundays.
Notes
References
Station on navigable O.S. map
External links
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category E stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Northern franchise railway stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlington%20railway%20station%20%28Cheshire%29 |
Deadlock II: Shrine Wars is a science fiction turn-based strategy video game developed by Cyberlore Studios and published by Accolade, released on February 23, 1998 as a sequel to Deadlock: Planetary Conquest. The game allows the player to play as the leader of an alien species who controls colonies on a planet's surface.
Tommo purchased the rights to this game and digitally publishes it through its Retroism brand in 2015.
Overview
Deadlock II: Shrine Wars features turn-based gameplay that takes place on a planet map that ranges from around 1 to 9000 tiles, each presenting a region, or area of building. Players take control of each territory by colonizing it with a "Colonizer" vehicle or taking it from another player through military conquest. Each territory consists of a six-by-six grid in which buildings can be placed. Like most strategy games, Deadlock II: Shrine Wars uses natural resources and credits to pay for new units and buildings. Colonists are assigned to buildings to generate resources and research. These new units and buildings are able to be created after their prerequisite technologies are researched.
Comparison to Deadlock: Planetary Conquest
As a sequel, the most notable features in Deadlock II are
A single-player campaign
A fully customized interface as opposed to the Windows desktop controls used in the original
Additional gameplay elements such as diplomatic alliances, more researchable technologies, more units, more buildings, and the ability to create a city on water.
Criticism
Aside from changes in the interface, Deadlock II uses exactly the same graphics from the first game.
No major changes in gameplay
No new species
The newer interface with its fixed (low) resolution and primitive graphics did not age well. Because the original game used desktop controls, its graphics actually appear cleaner on modern systems.
Deadlock II can be construed as a "deluxe" version of the original game rather than a proper sequel. Aside from the single-player campaign, which is little more than a collection of non-random scenarios, players who have already played out the original game have little more to see in this sequel.
Species
Deadlock II: Shrine Wars features seven alien species each with their own strengths and weaknesses. The racial abilities are not as pronounced as they are in other strategy games such as Warcraft but can still greatly affect the way in which each species is played.
ChCh-t
The ChCh-t are a species of insect-beings resembling mantises and scorpions. They have a hive mind with most activity revolving around the queen of each individual hive. The ChCh-t excel in construction so units and buildings are produced faster. The ChCh-t produce colonists faster and their housing units hold twice as many colonists. They suffer from slow researchers and weak military units but all military units are faster. ChCh-t scouts can steal resources from enemy colonies.
Cyth
The Cyth are a species of humanoids. They are very in tuned to their psychic abilities, to the point where some Cyth no longer need to walk but use their psychic abilities to hover a few inches off the ground. This trait is enhanced by ingesting the juice of the egg sac of a spider from their home planet, which the Cyth do constantly through a face mask that almost all Cyth can be seen wearing. They are often regarded as “evil” which makes it difficult for them to form alliances with the other species. Their leader is identified as the Veil Lord. Their command corps can use a “Mind Blast” technique that mangles enemy units. Cyth scouts can poison enemy territories which cuts that territory's food production by half. Their morale is always fixed at 90%; this effectively prevents a tenth of the population from ever doing work, but enables the use of practices that would cause morale-lowering scandals with other species (such as oppressive taxation or black market dealings).
Maug
The Maug are a species (at least now) of half-living, half-machine humanoids. After having been forced off their home planet by the Cyth, Maug DNA was drastically altered by the radiation given off by the sun of their home in exile. This caused the entire Maug species to become sickly. Even newly born Maug suffered genetic disorders and diseases. Even the healthiest of the species suffer from a cold throughout most of their life. The Maug are a very technological species. They have designed special suits that help make up for their physical handicaps. These handicaps make their military units weak but they make up for it with the rapid production of all units and short research times. Maug scouts can sabotage enemy units and steal technology. Most Maug are constantly depressed which makes them very sensitive to morale changes.
Tarth
Tarth have evolved on Korga, a world extremely hostile to organic life, only one third the size of Jupiter. Thus, they are large (about 180 centimeters wide, height and weight not specified), lumbering behemoths with a thick, orange hide covered in scale-like plates. The modern Tarth society was founded by Guh, who started his life a warrior, and finished it an astronomer. Guh had been severely injured in battle and was preparing to die, when his gaze fell on one of the seven natural satellites of his planet – Tunt. As he watched, a volcano erupted on Tunt. Cloud formations visibly changed. Fascinated, Guh regained his will to live and limped back to his comrades. He later became a hermit and constructed his planet's first telescope, discovering life on Tunt. A few centuries later, Tarth mastered space travel and created a colony on Tunt. They made contact with the Cyth and helped them create the Quadra Alliance. A titanic statue of Guh can be found in the capital of the Tarth empire. The monument shows him impaled on a spear, watching the heavens through his telescope.
Tarth infantry, artillery, and defense fortifications all have attack bonuses. Their infantry units employ a juggernaut battle order that crumbles buildings quickly. Also Tarth farms produce high amounts of food. Tarth scouts make poor spies and are often caught. Their ships are also very weak and can sink easily.
Humans
The humans portrayed in Deadlock are the same physiologically as modern man, but more technologically advanced. As a result of a massive stock market crash, many were forced to leave Earth in search of wealth. The humans generate more in tax revenue than all the other species, but are more susceptible to Skirineen scandals. Their command corps can order a berserk command which will greatly multiply the strength of combat units in battle, but will kill them afterwards.
Re'lu
The Re'lu are a culturally advanced species (at least through their perspective) of light-green humanoids. The Re'lu are odd in that each member of the species is composed of two organisms: the Re'ites, or humanoid components; and the Luæ'ites, a brown beast that accompanies each Re'ite. The two organisms share a psychic bond, and the Re'ites are able to send distracting thoughts their way, which Lu'ites apparently enjoy. Their command corps have the ability to convert enemy units to their side during battle. They also have the ability to view enemy territories through ESP.
The Re'lu have a long-standing disdain for humans, who they view as culturally inferior. This came as a result to their initial visits to Earth as holograms and the violent reception they were given. Re'lu and humans enjoy arguing over things ranging from the most efficient way to govern to proper pet care.
Uva Mosk
The Uva Mosk are a species of shamanistic beings loosely resembling Humans. The leader of the Uva Mosk is called the Grand Hortus, who leads them on a path of harmony with the planet. Their ability to produce food is second only to the Tarth, but their production of other resources is the highest in the game. Their spies are very adept at camouflage, making them the best spies in the game.
Reception
The game received average reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Next Generation called it "a decent game, but unfortunately the addition of Net play and a new interface hardly seem to justify the release of a new product, or its purchase."
References
External links
1998 video games
Accolade (company) games
4X video games
Cyberlore Studios games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Tommo games
Turn-based strategy video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with isometric graphics
Windows games
Windows-only games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadlock%20II%3A%20Shrine%20Wars |
Saint Paul's Catholic Church is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church This parish is located in Worthington, Iowa, and is part of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. St. Paul's is linked with the Basilica of St. Francis Xavier in Dyersville, Iowa - with whom it shares a pastor.
History
Initially, the settlers of Worthington were English, but they were soon followed by German and Irish families. At first most of the residents of Worthington traveled to St. Francis Church in Dyersville, while some went to Saint Martin's Church in Cascade, Iowa because services there were conducted in Latin (as it was everywhere before Second Vatican Council) with homilies in English.
Founding of Worthington Parish
In 1862 Rev. Anton Kortenkamp (1834-1889) arrived in Dyersville, Iowa. He would attend to the needs of Worthington Catholics until 1875. By 1868 the population of Worthington had grown large enough that Kortenkamp had decided the time had come for a new parish to be established in Worthington. Construction of a brick building was soon begun and the new parish was dedicated to Saint Paul. The cornerstone of this first building had the inscription, "Romisch Catholische, St. Paulus Kirche, Gebaut 1 Nov. 1868." The new church took about four years to complete.
At first the new parish did not have a resident pastor. Fr. Kortenkamp would come to Worthington once a month to say Mass. At times he would bring some members of the Dyersville Choir with him so that a High Mass could be held in Worthington.
1875-1952
In 1875 St. Paul's received its first resident pastor, John S. Baumann. He began building a new parish school, and also established societies for parishioners. By 1878 the population had grown to the extent that it was necessary to build an extension onto the church. He also built a new rectory, which would serve the pastors until the current rectory was built in 1921. Fr. Baumann left when he was appointed a professor at Columbia College (known today as Loras College).
Baumann was followed by George W. Heer. The present church structure began construction in 1883, during Heer's tenure, and dedicated December 3, 1889. This new 54x110-foot building had a spire that stretched into the air. A statue of St. Paul was placed over the entryway; this statue was a gift from Fr. Baumann. The cost of erecting this building was about $12,000, with the inside unfinished. Heer also had a new 60x60-foot school with nine classrooms built near the church.
Heer was followed by James Zigrang in December 1889. During Zigrang's tenure as priest, the interior of the church was frescoed and new Stations of the Cross were placed in the church. After Zigrang returned from the Holy Land in 1907, he provided the church with a new pipe organ, which continues to serve this church today. He would serve until his death in 1913, having given the last 24 years of his life to St. Paul's parish. Fr. Zigrang was buried in the parish cemetery.
J.H. Schilmoeller was assigned as pastor of St. Paul's in August 1913. He would be another long-term priest of the parish, who served 39 years at St. Paul's. During his tenure the church was enlarged. He also directed the construction of a Sisters' Home in 1914. This particular convent was the first one in Iowa in which every nun had her own private room. This 54x44-foot building had 29 rooms.
Postwar years
In 1956, because of its great size and beauty, Pope Pius XII proclaimed St. Francis Xavier Church a Basilica (among only nine other Basilicas in the USA at that time, and still the only Basilica in a rural area).
School
There was previously a parish school, St. Paul's School. It started circa 1874. In 2015 it had 26 students, and closed that year. By 2016 the Worthington city council was considering whether to buy the building so it could be converted into a factory.
Notes
External links
- Hosted on Google Sites
Churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque
Churches in Dubuque County, Iowa
Gothic Revival church buildings in Iowa
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1889
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Religious organizations established in 1868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Paul%27s%20Catholic%20Church%20%28Worthington%2C%20Iowa%29 |
The Leon Sinks Geological Area is located on the Woodville Karst Plain in southern and southwestern Leon County, Florida, United States. It is a mature karstic area on the Upper Floridan Aquifer. It is one of the most extensive underwater cave systems in the world and connects to Wakulla Springs.
This hydrological system is extremely vulnerable to pollution because of the very high permeability of the carbonate aquifer. Extensive mapping and exploration of these caves has been done by the Woodville Karst Plain Project to understand the complex dynamics of the area and to understand the proper ecological approach to keeping this system clean.
The Leon Sinks are full of life, including the freshwater eel and rare crustaceans, including the Woodville Karst Plain crayfish and the swimming Florida cave isopod Remasellus parvus, that only exist in the Woodville Karst Plain.
Wakulla-Leon Sinks cave system
Wakulla cave consists of a dendritic network of conduits of which have been surveyed and mapped. The conduits are characterized as long tubes with diameter and depth being consistent ( depth); however, joining tubes can be divided by larger chambers of varying geometries. The largest conduit trends south from the spring/cave entrance for over . Four secondary conduits, including Leon Sinks, intersect the main conduit. Most of these secondary conduits have been fully explored.
On Dec 15, 2007, the connection between the Wakulla cave system and Leon Sinks cave system was made by members of the Woodville Karst Plain Project to create the Wakulla-Leon Sinks Cave System. This connection established the system as the longest underwater cave in the United States and the sixth largest in the world at a total of of surveyed passages.
Sinkholes
Many of the sinkholes in the Leon Sinks Geological Area are linked through underwater caves. The area includes both wet and dry sinkholes.
Wet sinkholes
Big Dismal – 100 foot drop to the water which drops another 100 feet underwater with a cave entrance at 80 feet down.
Black
Duckweed
Fisher Creek
Hammock (aka Little Dismal)
Lost Stream
Magnolia
Natural Bridge
Dry sinkholes
Back
Big Eight
Cone
Far
Field
Gopher Hole
Johnson
Palmetto
Tiny
Turner
Park and trails
The Leon Sinks offer three hiking trails to the different sinkholes in the park including an observation platform at Big Dismal Sink. The trails feature over 20 species of trees and 75 different plants along with wildlife ranging from Carolina chickadees to gopher tortoises.
Trails:
Sinkhole Trail – 3.1 miles
Gumswamp Trail – 2.3 miles
Crossover Trail – 0.5 miles
References
External links
Wakulla Karst Plains Project
Leon Sinks Geological Area - official site at Apalachicola National Forest
Caves of Florida
Parks in Leon County, Florida
Geography of Florida
Apalachicola National Forest
Landforms of Leon County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%20Sinks%20Geological%20Area |
Frederick William Fane Hervey, 4th Marquess of Bristol MVO (8 November 1863 – 24 October 1951) was a British nobleman, naval officer and Conservative Party politician.
Background
Hervey was the son of Lord Augustus Henry Charles Hervey (1837–1875), the younger brother of the 3rd Marquess of Bristol. He was born in Dresden, Germany, where his father was stationed.
He was educated at Tonbridge School and Eastman's Royal Naval Academy before joining HMS Britannia as a cadet in January 1877. He was a midshipman by the age of 15.
Naval and political career
In August 1901 he was appointed to command the cruiser , which was commissioned to serve in the Channel Squadron the following September. He was promoted to captain on 31 December 1901 and served in this rank for a decade, commanding the battleship Renown for two months in late 1907. He was placed on the Retired List at the rank of rear admiral in May 1911.
Hervey was elected at the general election in January 1906 as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bury St Edmunds, but automatically resigned in August the following year when he succeeded his uncle in the peerages. He later became chairman of West Suffolk County Council from 1915 to 1934.
Family
The 4th Marquess married the heiress Alice Frances Theodora Wythes (1875–1957) in 1896. They had two daughters, Lady Marjorie Hervey. Marjorie married John Erskine, Lord Erskine.
In 1907 the family moved from the lodge into Ickworth House, the family seat, which like most pre-War English country houses, maintained a large retinue. Feudal traditions still held sway, and the estate's tenants did not dare complain of poor housing, according to a memoir by the village schoolmistress. The 4th Marquess's brother was Lord Manner Hervey, rector 1900–1944 of the nearby village of Horringer, who also took services at Ickworth Church, the younger brother preaching to the elder.
Lord Bristol was succeeded by his youngest brother Lord Herbert Hervey.
References
External links
1863 births
1951 deaths
104
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Royal Navy rear admirals
UK MPs 1906–1910
Bristol, M4
Frederick Hervey, 4th Marquess of Bristol
People educated at Eastman's Royal Naval Academy
People educated at Tonbridge School
Members of West Suffolk County Council
Members of the Royal Victorian Order | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Hervey%2C%204th%20Marquess%20of%20Bristol |
Brian Taylor (19 June 1932 – 12 June 2017) was an English cricketer who played for and captained Essex County Cricket Club.
Known as "Tonker" Taylor for his forthright approach to batting and his evident enjoyment of the game, Taylor was a high-class wicketkeeper who was thought of in his early playing days as a potential successor to Godfrey Evans as England's keeper. He was named as Young Cricketer of the Year in 1956 by the Cricket Writers' Club, his first full season, though he had made his first-class debut seven years earlier. He toured South Africa with the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) side in 1956-57 as understudy to Evans, but did not feature in any of the Test matches as Evans had one of his most brilliant Test series.
In the event, his left-handed batting did not develop as much as had been hoped, and the Test call never came. But Taylor still had a long and distinguished career in county cricket. From 1961 to 1972, he played in 301 consecutive County Championship matches for Essex, and he captained the county from 1967 to 1973, when he retired. Under his captaincy, Essex assembled the nucleus of the young team that was to bring the county its first-ever trophies in the years after Taylor retired.
In all cricket, Taylor made 1,294 dismissals, which puts him seventh on the all-time list of wicketkeepers. He also made more than 19,000 runs in a total of 572 first-class matches. He was selected as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1972. He was a Test selector for England from 1973. He took part in the first cricket tour of Bangladesh when MCC visited in 1976-77.
He also played football with Bexleyheath and Welling and Deal Town in the Kent League and Southern League.
He died in 2017.
References
External links
1932 births
2017 deaths
Sportspeople from West Ham
English cricketers
Essex cricketers
Essex cricket captains
Commonwealth XI cricketers
International Cavaliers cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
England cricket team selectors
Players cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Cricketers from Greater London
North v South cricketers
A. E. R. Gilligan's XI cricketers
T. N. Pearce's XI cricketers
20th-century British businesspeople
English men's footballers
Kent Football League (1894–1959) players
Bexley United F.C. players
Deal Town F.C. players
Men's association football players not categorized by position | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Taylor%20%28cricketer%29 |
The trispyrazolylborate ligand, abbreviated Tp−, is an anionic tridentate and tripodal ligand. Trispyrazolylborate refers specifically to the anion [HB(C3N2H3)3]−. However, the term can also be used to refer to derivatives having substituents on the pyrazolyl rings. This class of compounds belongs to the family of ligands called scorpionate ligands.
Tp ligands
As suggested by the resonance structures, the nitrogen centers that are not bonded to boron are basic. These centers bind to three adjacent sites of a metal such that the simple adducts have C3v symmetry. The facial bonding mode is reminiscent of cyclopentadienyl ligands, although the ligand field stabilization energy of Tp− is weaker as indicated by the fact that Fe(Tp)2 is a spin-crossover complex whereas ferrocene is low-spin.
The Tp ligands are usually prepared from the reaction of pyrazole with potassium borohydride:
KBH4 + 3 C3H3N2H → K[HB(C3N2H3)3] + 3H2
Intermediates include the monopyrazolylborate ([H3B(C3N2H3)]−) and the bispyrazolylborate ([H2B(C3N2H3)2]−). KTp (m.p. 188-189 °C) is a colourless solid that soluble in polar solvents.
Substituted tris(pyrazolylborate)s
Condensation of 3-substituted pyrazoles with borohydride affords the corresponding substituted Tp derivatives. The substituent forces boron to the less hindered nitrogen center. Thus 3-phenylpyrazole gives HB(C3N2H2Ph)3]−, abbreviated [TpPh]−, wherein the phenyl substituents project away from the metal. Analogously 3-isopropylpyrazole gives HB(C3N2H2iPr)3]-, abbreviated [TpiPr]−. 3,5-Dimethylpyrazole gives the hexamethylated ligand [HB(C3N2HMe2)3]−, sometimes called Tp*−. Because pyrazoles are readily prepared from 1,3-diketones, a large number of substituted Tp complexes are possible. Derivatives are known with perfluorinated, chiral, and functional substituents.
Examples
Illustrative of the synthetic routes to TpR− complexes, MnBr(CO)5 and KTp react as follows:
MnBr(CO)5 + KTp → TpMn(CO)3 + KBr + 2 CO
Electronically related compounds are known, such as CpMn(CO)3 and [(9-ane-S3)Mn(CO)3]+. The labile acetonitrile complex Mo(CO)3(MeCN)3 reacts with KTp to give the anion [MoTp(CO)3]−, which can be crystallised as its tetraethylammonium salt (see figure):
Mo(CO)3(CH3CN)3 + KTp → K[TpMo(CO)3] + 3 CH3CN
Protonation, allylation, and nitrosylation of this salt gives the corresponding neutral hydride, allyl, and nitrosyl (see figure) derivatives.
The inductive effect of substituents on the pyrazolyl groups is illustrated by the values of νCO for TpCF3CuCO (2201 cm−1) vs TpMeCuCO (2137 cm−1).
Although of no practical value, trispyrazolylborate compounds have been applied to a variety of themes. In bioinorganic chemistry, some of the first crystallizable copper dioxygen complexes were obtained using this ligand platform, including examples of the Cu2(μ-η2,η2-O2) bonding mode. Models for hemerythrin, an enzyme with a diiron active site, and xanthine oxidase, a molybdoenzyme, have been examined. In such model complexes, the Tp− simulates the coordination environment provided by three imidazole ligands in proteins.
In organometallic chemistry, Tp*Rh(CO)2 and related complexes participate in C-H activation reactions.
Derivatives of Grignard reagents can be generated, such as TpiBuMgCH3.
See also
Trisoxazolinylborate
References
Organoboron compounds
Tripodal ligands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trispyrazolylborate |
Diane Nyland Proctor (20 January 1944 – 6 October 2014) was a Canadian actress, director and choreographer. She is perhaps best known for having portrayed the title role in the 1970-71 CTV television series The Trouble with Tracy.
She joined the National Ballet of Canada for two seasons, turning to acting in the mid-1960s. She joined the Charlottetown Festival in 1965 and remained there for several years, with roles including Josie Pye in the original production of Anne of Green Gables - The Musical and Belinda in Johnny Belinda. She was cast in the title role in CTV Television's The Trouble with Tracy in 1970. After that show's production run ended in 1971, she became a director and choreographer in musical theatre, with only one further television role, in a 1992 episode of Street Legal.
Her directorial credits included both Toronto and national touring productions of musicals such as Dancing in the Dark, Rose Is a Rose, Mame, Oklahoma!, My Fair Lady, Guys and Dolls and I Do! I Do!. She served as artistic director of the Kawartha Summer Theatre in Kawartha Lakes in the 1990s; in 1997 she returned to the Charlottetown Festival to direct productions of both Johnny Belinda and Anne of Green Gables - The Musical.
Death
Nyland died in Toronto from heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on 6 October 2014.
Awards
1986 - Dora Award winner, Outstanding Choreography for Nunsense
Career
Television
1970-71 - The Trouble with Tracy
1992 - Street Legal, guest on episode "It's a Wise Child"
Theatre
1968-69 - Charlottetown Festival, Johnny Belinda as Belinda MacDonald
References
External links
1944 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Canadian actresses
20th-century Canadian women musicians
Actresses from Kitchener, Ontario
Canadian choreographers
Canadian stage actresses
Canadian musical theatre directors
Canadian television actresses
Canadian women choreographers
Deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Dora Mavor Moore Award winners
Musicians from Kitchener, Ontario
Respiratory disease deaths in Ontario
Canadian women theatre directors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diane%20Nyland |
Kleinmariazell is a district of Altenmarkt an der Triesting in the Wienerwald, Lower Austria, Austria.
Geography
Kleinmariazell is located north of Altenmarkt in a side valley of the Triesting in the direction of Klausen-Leopoldsdorf.
The cloister lies on an old pilgrim's trail, the Via Sacra from Vienna to Mariazell.
The community, as well as the cloister, is described and referred to as Mariazell in Austria (as opposed to Mariazell in Styria), Klein-Mariazell Monastery, or Klein-Mariazell Abbey. Aside from a few houses on the street and an inn, it is made up exclusively of the historic cloister buildings.
History
History of Kleinmariazell:
1134 or 1136- The church and cloister were founded by Heinrich and Rapoto of Schwarzburg-Nöstach as well as the Babenberg Margrave Leopold III the Holy of Austria as Cella Sancte Marie, a Benedictine cloister.
1782- The cloister is dissolved in the course of the Josphine Reforms and falls into decay.
1825– The cloister and its lands are put up for auction. Many owners follow, and the cloister is turned into a palace. The former monastery church becomes the local parish church.
1998– After a general renovation by the Archdiocese of Vienna with public and private support, the church is returned its original purpose.
2005– Near the church complex an apartment annex is built to hold, among others, 8 priests.
The current group of buildings follows the modern ideas of restoration and monument protection. As a result, Kleinmariazell is no longer merely a religious center, but also an architectural artwork. The names of Christoph Cardinal Schönborn and Deacon Dr. Franz Eckert are closely connected with the building.
References
The information in this article is based on a translation from its German equivalent.
External links
Kleinmariazell
Basilica churches in Austria
Cities and towns in Baden District, Austria
Benedictine monasteries in Austria
Pilgrimage churches in Austria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleinmariazell |
Saul Ostrow is an American art critic and art curator.
In 1972 Ostrow received his MFA in art from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He has taught at Pratt Institute, Cleveland Institute of Art, Syracuse University, Parsons The New School for Design, School of the Visual Arts and was acting head of MFA studio program at New York University, Director of the Center for Visual Art and Culture at The University of Connecticut, and Chair of Visual Arts and Technologies, The Cleveland Institute of Art.
Since 1985, Ostrow has curated over 60 exhibitions in the US and abroad. These include such exhibitions as Working Digitally: no Websites Please (2001, 2005) at The Center For Visual Culture, University of Connecticut and Modeling the Photographic: The Ends of Photography (2006) for the McDonough Museum of Art located in Youngstown, Ohio. Both of these focus on current art practice and included such internationally recognized artists: James Welling, Barbara Probst, Fabian Marcaccio, Joseph Nechvatal, Curtis Mitchell, Matthew Buckiam and Penelope Umbrico.
Saul Ostrow was the editor of the book series Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture published by Routledge London and is the Art Editor at Large for Bomb Magazine. He was also Co-Editor of Lusitania Press from 1996 to 2004.)
In a 2011 interview with Brian Sherwin for FineArtViews, Ostrow declared that art criticism is important because it helps to establish the concept of the "collective self". Ostrow suggested that criticism is important because it helps to address the "contradictions and dichotomies inherent in our social and cultural lives". In the interview Ostrow shared his experience as Art Editor for Bomb Magazine and his insight into the "changing landscape" of art criticism due to the advent of the Internet and art blogs. When asked about sexism, ageism, and racism within the contemporary art world Ostrow suggested that all three exist because all three exist in larger society.
References
American art critics
American art curators
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul%20Ostrow |
Peter Denoyelles was a Representative from New York; born in Haverstraw, New York, in 1766; completed preparatory studies; engaged in the manufacture of brick; member of the New York State Assembly in 1802 and 1803; held several local offices; elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Thirteenth Congress (March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815); resumed his former manufacturing pursuits; died in Haverstraw, May 6, 1829; interment in Mount Repose Cemetery.
From May 1813 to Mar 1815, Denoyelles missed 101 of 352 roll call votes, which is 28.7%. This is worse than the median of 18.4% among the lifetime records of representatives serving in Mar 1815.
Sources
Notes
1766 births
1829 deaths
Members of the New York State Assembly
People from Haverstraw, New York
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Denoyelles |
Fishing Derby is a fishing video game written by David Crane for the Atari Video Computer System (renamed to the Atari 2600 in 1982) and published by Activision in 1980. It's one of the first video games developed by Activision.
Gameplay
In Fishing Derby, two fishermen sit on opposite docks over a lake filled with fish (and a shark that passes through). Using the joystick the player is able to move the fishing line left, right, up, and down in the water. When a fish is hooked, the line slowly comes up to the surface of the water. Pressing the fire button on the joystick reels in the fish faster. However, if both fishermen have hooked fish, only one person can reel it in (the one who first hooked the fish). The shark that roams the water will try to eat hooked fish before they surface.
The objective for both fishermen is to reach 99 pounds of fish first. There are six rows of fish; the top two rows have 2 lb. fish, the middle two rows have 4 lb. fish and the two bottom rows have 6 lb. fish. The more valuable fish sit at the bottom, but they are harder to bring in as they run a higher risk of being eaten by the shark.
The game's two variants are simply single-player and multi-player. In both games the objective is to reach 99 lb. of fish first.
Reception
In Video magazine's "Arcade Alley" column, Fishing Derby was characterized as "imaginative, colorful, and fun" providing children with "better animation than Saturday morning TV and provid[ing] adults with a subtle game of skill". Overall the reviewers recommended it as a family game.
See also
List of Atari 2600 games
List of Activision games: 1980–1999
References
External links
Fishing Derby Atari Mania
Fishing Derby at GameFAQs
1980 video games
Activision games
Atari 2600 games
Atari 2600-only games
Fishing video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games set underwater
Video games developed in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing%20Derby |
Mastic–Shirley is a station on the Long Island Rail Road's Montauk Branch in Shirley, New York. This station is reached via William Floyd Parkway. The station has two ticket machines.
History
Mastic–Shirley station was built as a replacement for the former Mastic station (originally Forge station) built in 1882 and located east on Mastic Road. Service for the Mastic–Shirley train station began July 7, 1960. The now-unused station house at the original station was torn down a month later. When Center Moriches station was eliminated by the LIRR on March 16, 1998, Mastic–Shirley station was one of two stations recommended for use as a substitute by the patrons of the now-closed station. The other was Speonk station.
Station layout
The station has one four-car-long high-level platform on the south side of the single track. JJD interlocking (formerly MS), a remote-controlled siding where trains can pass each other, is located east of the station.
Notable places nearby
Fire Island National Seashore
Poospatuck Reservation
Southaven County Park
Smith Point County Park
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brookhaven Airport
References
External links
Unofficial LIRR Photography Pages (lirrpics.com)
Mastic–Shirley Station
MS (JJD) Interlocking (The LIRR Today)
Long Island Rail Road stations in Suffolk County, New York
Brookhaven, New York
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1960
1960 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastic%E2%80%93Shirley%20station |
A tax incentive is an aspect of a government's taxation policy designed to incentivize or encourage a particular economic activity by reducing tax payments.
Tax incentives can have both positive and negative impacts on an economy. Among the positive benefits, if implemented and designed properly, tax incentives can attract investment to a country. Other benefits of tax incentives include increased employment, higher number of capital transfers, research and technology development, and also improvement to less developed areas. Though it is difficult to estimate the effects of tax incentives, they can, if done properly, raise the overall economic welfare through increasing economic growth and government tax revenue (after the expiration of the tax holiday/incentive period). However, tax incentive can cause negative effects on a government's financial condition, among other negative effects, if they are not properly designed and implemented.
There are four typical costs to tax incentives:
resource allocation costs
compliance costs
revenue costs
corruption costs.
Resource allocation refers to lost government tax revenue resulting from the tax incentive. The second cost refers to the situation when the tax incentives lead to too much investment in a certain area of the economy and too little investment in other areas of the economy. Revenue cost is associated with enforcing the tax incentive and monitoring who is receiving the incentive and ensuring they are properly deserving of the incentive. Therefore, the higher and the more complex the tax incentive, the higher the compliance costs because of the larger number of people and firms attempting to secure the tax incentive. The final cost is similar to the third in that it relates to people abusing the tax incentive. Corruption occurs when there are no clear guidelines or minimal guidelines for qualification.
According to a 2020 study of tax incentives in the United States, "states spent between 5 USD and 216 USD per capita on incentives for firms." There is some evidence that this leads to direct employment gains but there is not strong evidence that the incentives increase economic growth. Tax incentives that target individual companies are generally seen as inefficient, economically costly, and distortionary, as well as having regressive economic effects.
Disambiguation
Many "tax incentives" simply remove part of, or all the burden of the tax from whatever market transaction is taking place. That is because almost all taxes impose what economists call an excess burden or a deadweight loss. Deadweight loss is the difference between the amount of economic productivity that would occur without the tax and that which occurs with the tax.
For example, if savings are taxed, people save less than they otherwise would. If non-essential goods are taxed, people buy less. If wages are taxed, people work less. Finally, if activities like entertainment and travel are taxed, consumption is reduced.
Sometimes, the goal is to reduce such market activity, as in the case of taxing cigarettes. However, reducing activity is most often not a goal because greater market activity is considered to be desirable.
When a tax incentive is spoken of, it usually means removing all or some tax and thus reduce its burden.
Pseudo-incentives
Regardless of the fact that an incentive spurs economic activity, many use the term to refer to any relative change in taxation that changes economic behavior. Such pseudo-incentives include tax holidays, tax deductions, or tax abatement. Such "tax incentives" are targeted at both individuals and corporations.
Individual incentives
Individual tax incentives are a prominent form of incentive and include deductions, exemptions, and credits. Specific examples include the mortgage interest deduction, individual retirement account, and hybrid tax credit.
Another form of an individual tax incentive is the income tax incentive. Though mostly used in transitioning and developing countries, usually correlating with insufficient domestic capita, the income tax incentive is meant to help the economic welfare of direct investors and corresponds with investing in production activities and finally, many times is meant to attract foreign investors.
These incentives are introduced for various reasons. Firstly, they are seen to counterbalance investment disincentives stemming from the normal tax system. Others use the incentives to equalize disadvantages to investing such as complicated laws and insufficient infrastructure.
Corporate tax incentives
Corporate tax incentives can be raised at federal, state, and local government levels. For example, in the United States, the federal tax code provides a wide range of incentives for corporations, totaling $109 billion in 2011, according to a Tax Foundation Study.
The Tax Foundation categorizes US federal tax incentives into four main categories, listed below:
Tax exclusions for local bonds valued at $12.4 billion.
Preferences aimed at advancing social policy, valued at $9 billion.
Preferences that directly benefit specific industries, valued at $17.4 billion.
Preferences broadly available to most corporate taxpayers, valued at $68.7 billion.
Corporate tax incentives provided by state and local governments are also included in the US tax code but are very often directed at individual companies involved in a corporate site selection project. Site selection consultants negotiate these incentives, which are typically specific to the corporate project the state is recruiting, rather than applicable to a broader industry. Examples include the following:
Corporate income tax credit
Property tax abatement
Sales tax exemption
Payroll tax refund
In Armenia, corporate income tax incentive is available for Armenian resident entities that meet several criteria under the government’s export promotion-oriented program. Those entities that are part of the government approved program receive reduced corporate income tax rates up to tenfold from the 20% rate.
Taxpayers running their operations in free economics zones (FEZ) are free from corporate income tax in respect of income received from activities implemented in free economic zones in Armenia.
List of largest US tax incentive deals
Washington: Boeing, $8.7 billion until 2040, partly for the 777X
New York: Alcoa, $5.6 billion
Washington: Boeing, $3.2 billion
Oregon: Nike, $2 billion
New Mexico: Intel, $2 billion
Louisiana: Cheniere Energy, $1.7 billion
Pennsylvania: Royal Dutch Shell, $1.65 billion over 25 years for the Pennsylvania Shell ethylene cracker plant
Missouri: Cerner Corp., $1.64 billion
Michigan: Chrysler, $1.3 billion
Nevada: Tesla Gigafactory 1, $1.25 billion over 20 years
Mississippi: Nissan Canton, $1.25 billion
Historical preservation tax incentive
Not all tax incentives are structured for individuals or corporations, as some tax incentives are meant to help the welfare of the society. For example, the historical preservation tax incentive. The US federal government pushes, in many situations, to preserve historical buildings. One way the government does so is through tax incentives for the rehabilitation of historic buildings. The tax incentives to preserve the historic buildings can generate jobs, increase private investment in the city, create housing for low-income individuals in the historic buildings, and enhance property values. Currently, according to the Tax Reform Act of 1986, there are two major incentives in this category. The first incentive is a tax credit of 20% for rehabilitation of historic structures. A historic structure is defined as a building listed in the National Register of Historic Places or a building in a registered historic district, acknowledged by the National Park Service. The second incentive is a tax credit of 10% for rehabilitation of structures built before 1936 but are considered non-residential and non-historical.
Impact
According to a 2020 study, tax competition "primarily reduces taxes for mobile firms and is unlikely to substantially affect the efficiency of business location." A 2020 NBER paper found some evidence that state and local business tax incentives in the United States led to employment gains but no evidence that the incentives increased broader economic growth at the state and local level.
A 2021 study found that multinational firms boosted wages and employment in localities, but that the surplus that the firms generated tended to go back to them in the form of local subsidies.
See also
Taxation in the United States
Tax exemption
Tax competition
Texas Tax Code Chapter 313
References
External links
Tax terms
ru:Налоговые льготы | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax%20incentive |
The conservation and restoration of photographs is the study of the physical care and treatment of photographic materials. It covers both efforts undertaken by photograph conservators, librarians, archivists, and museum curators who manage photograph collections at a variety of cultural heritage institutions, as well as steps taken to preserve collections of personal and family photographs. It is an umbrella term that includes both preventative preservation activities such as environmental control and conservation techniques that involve treating individual items. Both preservation and conservation require an in-depth understanding of how photographs are made, and the causes and prevention of deterioration. Conservator-restorers use this knowledge to treat photographic materials, stabilizing them from further deterioration, and sometimes restoring them for aesthetic purposes.
While conservation can improve the appearance of a photograph, image quality is not the primary purpose of conservation. Conservators will try to improve the visual appearance of a photograph as much as possible, while also ensuring its long-term survival and adhering the profession's ethical standards. Photograph conservators also play a role in the field of connoisseurship. Their understanding of the physical object and its structure makes them uniquely suited to a technical examination of the photograph, which can reveal clues about how, when, and where it was made.
Photograph preservation is distinguished from digital or optical restoration, which is concerned with creating and editing a digital copy of the original image rather than treating the original photographic material. Photograph preservation does not normally include moving image materials, which by their nature require a very different approach. Film preservation concerns itself with these materials.
Overview of photographs and photographic processes
Physical photographs usually consist of three components: the final image material (e.g. silver, platinum, dyes, or pigments), the transparent binder layer (e.g. albumen, collodion, or gelatin) in which the final image material is suspended, and the primary support (e.g. paper, glass, metal, or plastic). These components affect the susceptibility of photos to damage and the preservation and conservation methods required. Photograph preservation and conservation are also concerned with the negatives from which photographic prints are made. There are two basic types of negatives: glass plate and film-based.
Significant developments in photographic processes
1816: HeliographyThe first person who succeeded in producing a paper negative of the camera image was Joseph Nicephore Niepce. He coated pewter plates with bitumen (an asphaltic varnish that hardens with exposure to light) and put them in a Camera Obscura. After exposure to sunlight for a long time, the parts that were exposed to light became hard and the parts that were not could be washed off with lavender oil.
1837: DaguerreotypeThe daguerreotype process (named after Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre) produces a unique image, as there is no negative created. After coating a copper plate with light-sensitive silver iodide, the plate is exposed to an image for over 20 minutes and then treated with fumes from heated mercury. The longer the exposure to light, the more mercury fumes are adsorbed by the silver iodide. After the plate is washed with salt water, the image appears, reversed. This was the earliest photographic process to gain popularity in America. It was used until around 1860.
1839: Salt printThis was the dominant form of paper print until Albumen prints were introduced in 1850. Salt prints were made using both paper and glass negatives.
1841: CalotypeWilliam Henry Fox Talbot invented the negative-positive system of photography commonly used today. He first developed the Talbotype, which used silver chloride to sensitize paper. After improving the process by using silver iodide, he renamed it Calotype. The process could produce many positive images, but they were not as sharp because they were printed on fibrous paper rather than glass.
1842: Cyanotype (Ferro-plusiate, Blue process)This process forms blue-colored images through a reaction to iron salts. John Herschel studied it in order to reproduce his complicated math formulas and memos. Other processes that fall into this category include Kallitype, Vandyketype, and Platinum printing.
1850: Albumen printThis process, introduced by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, was the most common kind of print in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Beautiful sepia gradation images were created by using albumen and silver chloride. The surfaces of prints made with this process were glossy because of the egg whites which were layered heavily to prevent the originally thin prints from curling, cracking, or tearing easily. This type of print was especially common for studio portraits and landscape or stereoviews.
1851: Wet collodion process and AmbrotypeFrederick Scott Archer developed the wet collodion processes, which used a thick glass plate unevenly hand-coated with a collodion-based, light-sensitive emulsion. Collodion, which means ‘glue’ in Greek, is nitrocellulose dissolved in ether and ethanol. The Ambrotype, an adaptation of the wet collodion process, was developed by Archer and Peter W. Fry. It involved placing a dark background behind the glass so that the negative image would look positive, and was popular in America until around 1870.
1855: Gum printing
Orange colored dichromate has photosensitivity when it is mixed with colloids such as gum arabic, albumen, or gelatin. Using that feature, Alphonse Poitevin invented the gum printing process. It gained in popularity after 1898, and again in 1960s and 1970s because of its unique look.
1858: Tintype (also called Ferrotype and Melainotype)
In this photographic process the emulsion was painted directly onto a japanned (varnish finish) iron plate. it was much cheaper and sturdier than the Ambrotype and Daguerreotype.
1861: RGB additive color modelApplied physician James Clerk Maxwell made the first color photo by mixing red, green, and blue light.
1871: Gelatin dry plateRichard L. Maddox discovered that gelatin could be a carrier for silver salts. By 1879, the gelatin dry plate had replaced the collodion wet plate. It was a revolutionary innovation in photography since it needed less light exposure, was usable when dry, meaning photographers no longer needed to pack and carry dangerous liquids, and could be standardized because it could be factory produced.
1873: Platinum printing (Platinotype)William Willis patented platinum printing in Britain. The process rapidly spread and became a dominant method in Europe and America by 1894 since it had a visibly different color tone compared to albumen and gelatin silver prints.
Late 1880s: Gelatin silver printThis has been the major photograph printing process since the late 1880s up to the present. Prints consist of paper coated with an emulsion of silver halide in gelatin. The surface is generally smooth; under magnification, the print appears to sparkle.
1889: KallitypeDr. W. W. J. Nicol invented and refined the Kallitype. Vandyketype, or Single Kalliitype, is the simplest type of Kalltype and creates beautiful brown images.
1889: Film negativesCellulose nitrate film was developed by Eastman Kodak in 1889 and refined in 1903. It is made of silver gelatin on a cellulose nitrate base. The negatives are flammable and therefore can be dangerous. Nitrate sheet film was used widely though the 1930s, while nitrate roll film was used through the 1950s. The nitrate base was replaced with cellulose acetate in 1923. By 1937, Cellulose diacetate was used as the base, and beginning in 1947 Cellulose triacetate was used. Polyester film was introduced around 1960.
1935: Color photographsKodak introduced color film and transparencies in 1935. The first process was called Kodachrome. Ektachrome, introduced in the late 1940s, became equally popular. There are now a variety of color processes that use different materials; most consist of dyes (cyan, magenta, and yellow, each of which have different absorption peaks) suspended in a gelatin layer.
Photograph stability
Photograph stability refers to the ability of prints and film to remain visibly unchanged over periods of time. Different photographic processes yield varying degrees of stability. In addition, different materials may have dark-storage stability which differs from their stability in light. An extreme case with slides was stability under the intense light of projection. For example, when stored in darkness, Kodachrome's long-term stability under suitable conditions is superior to other types of color film. Images on Kodachrome slides over fifty years old retain accurate color and density. Kodachrome film stored in darkness is largely responsible for excellent color footage of World War II, for example. It has been calculated that the yellow dye in Kodachrome, the least stable, would suffer a 20% loss of dye in 185 years. This is because developed Kodachrome does not retain unused color couplers.
However, Kodachrome's color stability under bright light, especially during projection, is inferior to substantive slide films. Kodachrome's fade time under projection is about one hour, compared to Fujichrome's two and a half hours. Thus, old Kodachrome slides should be exposed to light only when copying to another medium.
Silver halideBlack-and-white negatives and prints made by the silver halide process are stable so long as the photographic substrate is stable. Some papers may yellow with age, or the gelatin matrix may yellow and crack with age. If not developed properly, small amounts of silver halide remaining in the gelatin will darken when exposed to light. In some prints, the black silver oxide is reduced to metallic silver with time, and the image takes on a metallic sheen as the dark areas reflect light instead of absorbing it. Silver can also react with sulfur in the air and form silver sulfide. A correctly processed and stored silver print or negative probably has the greatest stability of any photographic medium, as attested by the wealth of surviving historical black-and-white photographs.
ChromogenicChromogenic dye color processes include Type "R" and process RA-4 (also known as "type C prints"), process C-41 color negatives. and process E-6 color reversal (Ektachrome) film. Chromogenic processes yield organic dyes that are less stable than silver, and can also leave unreacted dye couplers behind during developing. Both factors may lead to color changes over time. The three dyes, cyan, magenta, and yellow, which make up the print may fade at different rates, causing a color shift in the print. Modern chromogenic papers such as Kodak Endura have achieved excellent stability, however, and are rated for 100 years in home display.
Dye destructionDye destruction prints are the most archival color prints, at least among the wet chemical processes, and arguably among all processes. The most well-known kind of dye destruction print is the Cibachrome, now known as Ilfochrome.
Ink jetSome ink jet prints are now considered to have excellent stability, while others are not. Ink jet prints using dye-pigment mixtures are now common in photography, and often claim stability on par with chromogenic prints. However, these claims are based on accelerated aging studies rather than historical experience, because the technology is still relatively young.
Types and causes of deterioration
There are two main types of deterioration found in photographic materials. Chemical deterioration occurs when the chemicals in the photograph or negative undergo reactions (either through contact with outside catalysts, or because the chemicals are inherently unstable) that damage the material. Physical or structural deterioration occurs when chemical reactions are not involved, and include abrasion and tearing.
Both types of deterioration are caused by three main factors: environmental storage conditions, inappropriate storage enclosures and repair attempts, and human use and handling. Chemical damage can also be caused by improper chemical processing. Different types of photographic materials are particularly susceptible to different types and causes of deterioration.
Environmental factors
Temperature and humidity interact with one another and cause chemical and physical deterioration. High temperature and relative humidity, along with pollution, can cause fading and discoloration of silver images and color dyes. Higher temperatures cause faster deterioration: the rate of deterioration is approximately doubled with every temperature increase of 10 °C. Fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity are particularly damaging, as they also speed up chemical deterioration and can cause structural damage such as cracked emulsions and warped support layers.
Too-high relative humidity can cause fading, discoloration and silver mirroring, and can cause binders to soften and become sticky, making photographs susceptible to physical damage. It can also cause photographs to adhere to frames and other enclosures.
Too-low relative humidity can cause physical damage including desiccation, embrittlement, and curling.
Pollution can include oxidant and aciding/sulfiding gases that cause chemical deterioration, as well as dust and particulates that can cause abrasion. Sources of indoor pollution that affect photographs include paint fumes, plywood, cardboard, and cleaning supplies.
Exposure to light causes embrittlement, fading, and yellowing. The damage is cumulative and usually irreversible. UV light (including from sunlight and fluorescent light) and visible light in the blue part of the spectrum are especially harmful to photographs, but all forms of light, including incandescent and tungsten, are damaging.
Mold growth is fostered by high temperatures and humidity as well as dust particles. They cause damage to the surface of photographs and help break down binder layers.
The presence of insects and rodents is also fostered by high temperatures and humidity. They eat paper fiber, albumen, and gelatin binders, leaving chew marks and droppings. Species likely to cause problems include cockroaches and silverfish.
Other factors
Inappropriate storage containers and repair attempts: Cabinets made of inferior materials can give off harmful gases, while other reactive materials such as acidic paper sleeves, rubber bands, paper clips, pressure sensitive tape, and glues and adhesives commonly used for storage and repairs in the past can also cause chemical deterioration. Storing items too loosely, too tightly, or in enclosures that do not provide adequate physical protection can all cause physical damage such as curling and breakage.
Human handling and use, including by researchers and staff, can also cause both chemical and physical deterioration. Oils, dirt, lotions, and perspiration transmitted through fingerprints can destroy emulsion and cause bleaching, staining, and silver mirroring. Physical damage caused by human handling includes abrasion, scratches, tears, breakage, and cracks.
Improper chemical processing, including use of exhausted fixer, insufficient length of fixing, and residual fixer left behind by inadequate washing can cause fading and discoloration. Heat, humidity, and light can accelerate such damage. Adherence to ISO standards at the time of processing can help avoid this type of deterioration.
Examples of threats to specific photographic materials
Glass plate negatives and ambrotypes are prone to breakage. Deterioration of film negatives, regardless of type, is humidity and temperature dependent. Nitrate film will first fade, then become brittle and sticky. It will then soften, adhere to paper enclosures, and produce an odor. Finally, it will disintegrate into a brown, acrid powder. Because of its flammability, it must be handled with particular care. Cellulose aetate, diacetate, and triacetate film produce acetic acid, which smells like vinegar. The deterioration process is therefore known as "vinegar syndrome". The negatives become very brittle and, in diacetate and triacetate film, the base shrinks, causing grooves ("channeling").
In addition to fading, silver-based images are prone to silver mirroring, which presents as a bluish metallic sheen on the surface of the photograph or negative and is caused by oxidation, which causes the silver to migrate to the surface of the emulsion.
Color photographs are an inherently unstable medium, and are more susceptible to light and fading than black and white photographic processes. They are composed of various dyes, all of which eventually fade, albeit at different rates (causing discoloration along with fading). Many color photographic processes are also susceptible to fading even in the dark (known as "dark-fading"). There is little that can be done to restore faded images, and even under ideal conditions, most color photographs will not survive undamaged for more than 50 years.
Preservation strategies
Temperature and relative humidity control
Maintenance of a proper environment such as control of temperature and relative humidity (RH; a measure of how saturated the air is with moisture) is extremely important to the preservation of photographic materials.
Temperature should be maintained at or below (the lower the better); an "often-recommended" compromise between preservation needs and human comfort is (storage-only areas should be kept cooler). Temperature is the controlling factor in the stability of contemporary color photographs. For color photographs, storage at low temperatures ( or below) is recommended.
Relative humidity should be maintained at 30–50% without cycling more than +/- 5% a day. The lower part of that range is best for "long term stability of several photographic processes". Not only do relative humidity levels above 60% cause deterioration, but also low and fluctuating humidity may also damage them.
Climate control equipment can be used to control temperatures and humidity. Air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and humidifiers can be helpful, but it is important to make sure they help instead of hurt (for example, air conditioning raises humidity).
Cold storage
Cold storage is recommended for especially vulnerable materials. Original prints, negatives, and transparencies (not glass plates, daguerreotypes, ambrotypes, tintypes, or other images on glass or metal) should be placed in packaging (archival folders in board boxes in double freezer weight Ziplock bags) in cold storage, and temperatures should be maintained at 1.7–4.4 °C (35–40 °F). According to the guideline of National Archives facilities, clear plastic bags such as Zip-locks or flush-cut bags with twist-ties (polyethylene or polypropylene plastic bags) and cotton gloves are needed.
Removing items from cold storage requires letting them acclimate to room conditions. Photographs must be allowed to warm up slowly in a cool, dry place, such as an office or processing area. Original items should be retrieved from the storage only in an emergency and no more than once a year.
Without cold storage, temperature-sensitive materials will deteriorate in a matter of a few decades; with cold storage they can remain unchanged for many centuries.
Light control
Photographs should not be hung near light. Hanging photographs on a wall can cause damage from the exposure to direct sunlight, or to fluorescent lights. Displays of photographs should be changed periodically because most photographs will deteriorate in light over time.
UV-absorbing sleeves can be used to filter out damaging rays from fluorescent tubes and UV- absorbing sheets can be placed over windows or in frames. Low UV-emitting bulbs are available. Light levels should be kept at 50–100 Lux (5–10 footcandles) for most photographs when in use for research as well as exhibit. Exposure of color slides to the light in the projector should be kept to a minimum, and photographs should be stored in dark storage. The best way to preserve a photograph is to display a facsimile.
Pollution control
Controlling air quality is difficult. Ideally, air entering a storage or exhibition area should be filtered and purified. Gaseous pollution should be removed with chemical filters or wet scrubbers. Exterior windows should be kept when possible. Interior sources of harmful gases should be minimized. Metal cabinets are preferable to wooden cabinets, which can produce harmful peroxides.
Air can be filtered to keep out gaseous pollutants and particulates such as nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ozone. Air filters must be changed regularly to be effective. Air circulation should also be checked periodically.
Handling control
Handling and use policies should be established and staff should be trained in policies and policy enforcement and telling users the policies when they arrive. Policies for processing, handling for loaned or exhibited items, and disaster prevention and recovery should also be created and followed.
Work spaces should be clean and uncluttered. Clean gloves or clean, dry hands should be used whenever photographs are handled. Foods, drink, dirt, cleaning chemicals, and photocopy machines should be kept away from photo storage, exhibit, or work spaces.
For precious materials, users should be provided with duplicates, not originals.
Storage systems control
Proper storage materials are essential for the long-term stability of photographs and negatives. Enclosures keep away dirt and pollutants. All enclosures used to house photographs and those should meet the specifications provided in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Most photographs can be safely kept in paper enclosures; some can also be safely stored in some types of plastic enclosures.
Paper enclosures protect objects from light, but may result in increased handling for viewing. Paper enclosures must be acid-free, lignin-free, and are available in both buffered (alkaline, pH 8.5) and unbuffered (neutral, pH 7) stock. Storage materials must pass the ANSI Photographic Activity Test (PAT) which is noted in suppliers’ catalogs. Paper enclosures also protects the photographs from the accumulation of moisture and detrimental gases and are relatively inexpensive.
Plastic enclosures include uncoated polyester film, uncoated cellulose triacetate, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Plastic enclosures are transparent. Photographs can be viewed without removal from the enclosure, thus it can reduce handling. However, plastic enclosures can trap moisture and cause ferrotyping (sticking, with a resultant glossy area). Plastic is not suitable for prints with surface damage, glass or metal-based photographs, nor for film-based negatives and transparencies from the 1950s, unless the latter are in cold storage. It should not to be used to store older safety film negatives as this may hasten their deterioration.
Horizontal storage is preferable for many photographic prints and oversize photographs. It provides overall support to the images and prevents mechanical damage such as bending. Vertical storage is often more efficient and may make access to a collection easier. Materials of similar size should be stored together. Boxes and files should not be overcrowded.
Reproduction and digitization
Unlike the born-digital photographs that are widely produced and consumed today, historical photographs such as old slides, films, and printed photos are not easy to preserve. An important component of long-term photograph preservation is making reproductions (by photocopying, photographing, or scanning and digitizing) of photographs for use in exhibitions and by researchers, which reduces the damage caused by non-controlled environments and handling.
Digitizing photographs also allows access by a much wider public, especially where the images have intrinsic historic value. Digital scans, however, are not replacements for the original, as digital file formats may become obsolete. Originals should always be preserved, even if they have been digitized. Born-digital photographs also require preservation, using digital preservation techniques.
Safeguarding European Photographic Images for Access (SEPIA) lists ten principles for digitization of historical photograph. Summarized, they are:
Photographs are an essential part of our cultural heritage, which contain our past, documentary and artistic value and the history of photographic processes;
Digitizing photographs that deteriorate quickly is urgent matter to facilitate access for a large audience;
Since digitization is not an end itself but a tool, selection of photographs to digitize should be based on an understanding of the nature and potential use of the collection;
It's essential to define the aims, priorities, technical requirements, procedures and future use for investments;
The creation of a digital image is a sophisticated activity which requires photographic expertise with ethical judgment;
Digital images need regular maintenance in order to keep pace with changing technologies;
A good digitization project requires teamwork, combining expertise on imaging, collection management, IT, conservation, descriptive methods and preservation strategies;
The input of specialists in every project is essential to integrate preservation measures in the work-flow, handle fragile materials and avoid damage to the originals;
Preservation specialists need to manage of digital assets in line with the overall preservation policy of the organization; and
Museums, archives and libraries actively involve to develop international standards for the preservation of digital collections in the long-term view.
Examples
An example of digitization as part of a photograph preservation strategy is the photographic collection of the Tay Bridge disaster of 1879. These photographs have been digitized and disseminated more widely. Only the positive prints survive, owing to the widespread practice of recycling the original glass negatives to reclaim the silver content. Even when carefully preserved and kept in the dark, damage can occur through intermittent exposure to light, as shown by damage to the image of the intact bridge (at left).
An example of a larger digitization project is the Cased Photographs Project, which provides access to digital images and detailed descriptions of daguerreotypes, ambrotypes, tintypes, and related photographs in the collections of the Bancroft Library and the California State Library.
Digital Photo Restoration
Digital photo restoration is the practice of restoring the appearance of a digital copy of a physical photograph that has been damaged due to natural, man-made or environmental causes, as well as age or negligence. Digital photo restoration utilizes image editing techniques to remove unwanted visible elements such as dirt, scratches, or signs of aging. People use raster graphic editors to restore digital images or to add or replace torn or missing portions of a physical photograph. Unwanted color tones are removed, and the contrast or sharpness of an image can be altered to restore the range of contrast or detail believed to be in the original physical image. Digital image processing techniques included in image enhancement and image restoration software are also used to restore digital photographs.
With the help of artificial intelligence
One of the first functions that neural networks began to successfully handle was the restoration of old photographs. Photo restoration algorithms using artificial intelligence work by analyzing existing flaws in old photos and then applying intelligent image processing techniques to correct and enhance them. These algorithms can automatically detect and fix common problems such as scratches, noise, discoloration, and background blurring.
Handling methods
Fragile or valuable originals are protected when they are replaced by digital surrogates, and severely damaged photographs that are physically impossible to repair are repaired by creating a digital copy. The creation of digital surrogates allows for the preservation of originals. However, the digitization process itself contributes to the deterioration of the object. It is considered important to ensure minimal damage to the original photograph due to environmental changes or careless handling. Preservation efforts have traditionally focused on physical photographs, but the preservation of digital surrogates of photography has become equally important.
Permissible Uses
Courts agree that, by its basic nature, digitization includes reproduction, an act reserved exclusively for copyright owners. Ownership of a work of art does not inherently entail a right of reproduction. Even without copyright permission, museums may copy and digitally restore images for preservation or informational purposes.
Conservation treatments
Photograph conservation involves the physical treatment of individual photographs. As defined by the American Institute for Conservation, treatment is "the deliberate alteration of the chemical and/or physical aspects of cultural property, aimed primarily at prolonging its existence. Treatment may consist of stabilization and/or restoration." Stabilization treatments aim to maintain photographs in their current condition, minimizing further deterioration, while restoration treatments aim to return photographs to their original state.
Conservation treatments range from very simple tear repairs or flattening to more complex treatments such as stain removal. Treatments vary widely depending on the type of photograph and its intended use. Therefore, conservators must by knowledgeable regarding both of these issues. Guides for the preservation of personal and family photograph collections, such as Cornell University's Preserving Your Family Photographs and the AIC's Caring for Your Treasures, recommend that people contact a trained conservator if they have rapidly deteriorating negatives or photographs with active mold growth, staining from pressure sensitive tape, severe tears, adhesion to enclosures, and other types of damage requiring conservation treatment.
Professional organizations
There are a number of international organizations concerned with conservation of photographs along with other subjects, including the International Council on Archives (ICA), the International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (IIC), and the International Council of Museums - Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC). The Photographic Records Working Group is a specialty group within the ICOM-CC.
In the United States, the national membership organization of conservation professionals is the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic works (AIC) to which the Photographic Materials Group (PMG) belongs. The Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC) and the Conservation Center for Art and Historic Artifacts (CCAHA) also play an important role in the field of conservation. The Image Permanence Institute (IPI) at Rochester Institute of Technology is one of the leaders in preservation research of images in particular.
Codes and standards
Photograph conservators and preservation managers are guided in their work by codes of ethics and technical standards. The International Council on Archives publishes a Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Practice. Additionally, members of other professions (such as archivists and librarians) who deal with preservation of photographs do so in accordance with their professional organization's codes of ethics. For example, the Society of American Archivists Code of Ethics states that "Archivists protect all documentary materials for which they are responsible and guard them against defacement, physical damage, deterioration, and theft."
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) both publish technical standards that govern the materials and procedures used in photograph preservation and conservation. The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions has published a list of ANSI standards pertaining to the care and handling of photographs.
Education and training
Photograph conservators can be found in museums, archives, and libraries, as well as in private practice. Conservators often have earned their master's degrees in art conservation, though many have also been trained through apprenticeship. They often have backgrounds in art history, chemistry, or photography.
Among numerous programs concerned with conservation of photographs around the world are:
University of Amsterdam
University of Melbourne in Australia
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
Canadian Conservation Institute
The National School of Conservation, Restoration and Museology in Mexico (ENCRyM)
Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgium's Artistic Heritage
Institut national du patrimoine
Université Paris 1
Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW)
Fachhochschule Köln
Staatlichen Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart
Swiss Conservation-Restoration Campus
Hochschule der Künste Bern
Fratelli Alinari
Studio Art Centers International, Florence (SACI)
Royal College of Art/Victoria and Albert Museum
The International master Program in Conservation of Antique Photographs and Paper Heritage held at the EICAP Faculty of Applied arts-Helwan University
In addition, Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) works internationally to advance conservation practice in the visual arts.
The United States, in particular, has many training or degree programs for photograph conservators offered by graduate schools and organizations such as:
Conservation Center for Art and Historic Artifacts (CCAHA)
Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)
George Eastman House
Buffalo State College
Institute of Fine Arts, New York University
University of Delaware
Campbell Center for Historic Preservation Studies
Northern States Conservation Center
Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education.
There are also photographic conservation teaching courses available online from various providers, for instance:
Conserve Photography online teaching courses
Citaliarestauro.com online teaching course
NEDCC online teaching course
See also
Preservation (library and archival science)
Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
Collections care
Media preservation
Conservation (cultural heritage)
Conservation and restoration of photographic plates
Notes
Further reading
Clark, Susie, and Franziska Frey. Care of Photographs. Amsterdam: European Commission on Preservation and Access, 2003.
Eaton, George T. Conservation of Photographs. Kodak Publication No. F-40. Rochester, NY: Eastman Kodak Co., 1985.
Hayes, Sandra. "Preserving History: Digital Imaging Methods of Selected Mississippi Archivists." Mississippi Archivists 65, no. 4 (Winter 2001): 101–102.
Norris, Debra Hess, and Jennifer Jae Gutierrez, eds. Issues in the Conservation of Photographs. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 2010.
Reilly, James. Care and Identification of 19th Century Photographic Prints. Kodak Publication No. G2S. Rochester, NY: Eastman Kodak Co., 1986.
Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn and Diane Voght-O'Connor, et al. Photographs: Archival Care and Management. Chicago: Society of American Archivistis, 2006.
External links
Organizations
The Photographic Materials Group of the American Institute for Conservation
The Advanced Residency Program in Photograph Conservation at the George Eastman House
Notes on Photographs, a Wiki from George Eastman House
The Image Permanence Institute
ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group
Guides
Basics of Photograph Preservation
Preservation and Archives Professionals
Care, Handling, and Storage of Photographs, Library of Congress
The Care and Preservation of Photographic Prints, The Henry Ford Museum
Preservation of Photographs: Select Bibliography, Northeast Document Conservation Center
Caring for Your Photographs, The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC)
A Consumer Guide to Digital and Print Stability, Image Permanence Institute
Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
Preservation (library and archival science)
Science of photography | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation%20and%20restoration%20of%20photographs |
The Green Party of the United States, also known as GPUS, is one of the two minor contemporary political parties in the United States with a sustained national presence, the other being the Libertarian Party. The Green Party has affiliated state parties in most states. However, not all state Green Parties are affiliated with GPUS, with those parties included separately in the following list.
Organizations of GPUS
Standalone state parties
Alaska
The Green Party of Alaska is a political party in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was the Alaska affiliate of the national state Green Party, up from its creation to 2021, due of the state party has broken the party rules over refused to recognize the nominated presidential candidate, Howie Hawkins in the 2020 presidential election. Alaska was the first state to gain Green Party ballot access, in 1990, when Jim Sykes ran for governor. Sykes had previously filed a ballot access lawsuit, citing an earlier case, Vogler v. Miller.
Like the Alaska Libertarian Party, the Green Party organizes local affiliate groups by regions of the state rather than election districts. It is known for calling these groups bioregions. The organized bioregions of the GPAK include the Southcentral Bioregion (Anchorage area) and the Tanana-Yukon Bioregion (the Interior, around the Tanana and Yukon River areas).
Georgia
The Georgia Green Party is a state-level political party in Georgia. Their candidate for president in 2016 was Dr. Jill Stein. Stein was denied access to the ballot. The party sued and won at the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The state chapter was disaffiliated by the Green Party of the United States on June 26, 2021 due to the state chapter drafting and passing a platform amendment against the rights of transgender people, counter to the GPUS platform.
Rhode Island
OSGP
The Ocean State Green Party (OSGP) is a Green party in the United States. The party was founded in summer 2020, originally as a small group of supporters of the Hawkins-Walker 2020 campaign in Rhode Island. After the older Green Party of Rhode Island refused to support the presidential campaign, these supporters opted to reject this decision and collect signatures to gain a ballot line for the Green Party ticket. They then proceeded to file a complaint with the Accreditation Committee of the Green Party of the United States.
GPRI
The Green Party of Rhode Island (GPRI) is one of the oldest active Green parties in the United States. The party was founded on March 6, 1992, at a meeting of 40 activists from Rhode Island. In November 1996, GPRI was one of 12 founding parties in the Association of State Green Parties, renamed the Green Party of the United States in 2001. Several Rhode Island party leaders have served as officers of the national Green Party. The party's candidates run for municipal councils in several cities and towns, such as running for Mayor of Providence, the State Senate and the State House of Representatives, U.S. Congress, and for Lieutenant governor. The Green Party of Rhode Island was involved in nationwide Green politics, until 2020 when the state party leadership took the rogue position to refuse to place the Green nominee for President, Howie Hawkins, on the ballot. Rather than face deaccreditation, the state party ended its affiliation with GPUS.
Virginia
The Independent Greens of Virginia, (also known as the Indy Greens), was the state affiliate of the Independence Party of America in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It became a state party around 2003 when a faction of the Arlington local chapter of the Green Party of Virginia (GPVA) split from the main party. As of 2011, it bills itself as a "fiscally conservative, socially responsible green party", with an emphasis on rail transportation and "more candidates". In support of wider ballot participation, it endorses many independent candidates who are not affiliated with the party.
See also
List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)
List of state parties of the Libertarian Party (United States)
List of state parties of the Republican Party (United States)
References
External links
Green Party US list of State Parties
Green Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20state%20Green%20Parties%20in%20the%20United%20States |
Minor Characters: A Beat Memoir (1983) is a memoir by Joyce Johnson documenting her time with Jack Kerouac. The book also tells the story of the women of the Beat Generation, the "minor characters" of its title.
The book won a National Book Critics Circle Award.
Critical reception
Kirkus Reviews wrote that "as a montage of 1950s Village life, with Mr. and Mrs. LeRoi Jones and Franz Kline and others passing through, this is almost always evocative, frequently quite touching."
References
External links
Summary and review
Dogmatika Review
Books about the Beat Generation
1983 books
American memoirs
National Book Critics Circle Award-winning works | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor%20Characters |
Philips Consumer Communications, L.P. (abbreviated to PCC) was a $2.5 billion joint venture of Lucent Technologies and Royal Philips Electronics formed on October 7, 1997. Philips owned 60% of the joint venture, with Lucent owning the other 40%.
PCC was a global venture, with branches in more than 100 countries, including the US, Latin America, Asia-Pacific and Europe.
Analysts predicted PCC would become one of the major players in the consumer communications business.
The company consisted of the consumer communications equipment businesses of the companies. Both companies made products in the venture, often not sold under their own names. Philips Consumer Communications produced the following equipment:
digital/analog cellular phones – sold under Philips brand
corded/cordless phones – sold under AT&T brand
answering machines – sold under AT&T brand
screen phones – sold under Philips brand
pagers/cellular telephones – sold under both Lucent/Philips brands
Eventually, all telecommunications products made in the venture would have been sold under the Philips brand.
In 1998, Lucent and Philips announced it would dissolve its joint venture, after garnering only a 2% market share in mobile phones and losing $500 million on a revenue of $2.5 billion. Both companies initially re-absorbed their respective assets in the joint venture, but Lucent subsequently sold off its parts to VTech and Motorola.
PCC was headquartered in Parsippany, New Jersey.
References
Alcatel-Lucent
Philips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips%20Consumer%20Communications |
John Pearson (1859 in Lambeth – 1930 in Canvey Island) (fl. 1885–1910) was a master craftsman of the Newlyn School and Guild of Handicrafts. He worked in copper and his style is described as arts and crafts / Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style).
Together with Charles Robert Ashbee, he was a founding member of the Guild of Handicraft at Whitechapel, London in 1888. John Pearson was dismissed from the Guild of Handicraft in 1892 and made his way to Newlyn, Cornwall where he worked in the recently established industrial school.
Pearson was greatly influenced by William De Morgan (1839–1917) and there is some evidence that he worked in some capacity at De Morgan's workshop decorating tiles and pottery and making associated metalwork, for example tile mounts.
Perhaps the most notable examples of Pearson's work are the four large copper plaques, earth, air, fire and water, that decorate the facade of Newlyn Art Gallery. In addition to his time with De Morgan, as the senior metalworker at the Guild of Handicraft and at Newlyn, Pearson worked on his own account as a metalworker and decorating pottery.
See also
Newlyn Copper
References
John Pearson, Poikilia Decorative Arts
John Pearson at Jordan and Chard reference
English coppersmiths
Arts and Crafts movement artists
Artists from Cornwall
Art Nouveau designers
20th-century English artists
1859 births
1930 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Pearson%20%28artist%29 |
The Prince de Neufchatel was a fast sailing United States schooner-rigged privateer, built in New York by Adam and Noah Brown circa 1812. She is a fine example of the peak of development of the armed schooner. Neufchatel operated in mainly European waters, preying on British shipping during the War of 1812. Noted for her speed, at one time she outran seventeen men-of-war. In 1813, operating in the English Channel, she took nine British prizes in quick succession. She also delivered a crushing defeat to the boats of a British frigate that tried to capture her. The British finally captured her in December 1814; she was broken up in 1815.
Construction
Her design is believed to be due to Christian Bergh. She had a hermaphrodite rig, i.e., she combined the rigs of a schooner and a brigantine. "She carried four sails on the foremast, one square sail on the main, and a large fore-and-aft sail with gaff abaft the fore, with large staysails over and three jibs. Her spanker boom projected far beyond the stern."( Prince of Neuchatel)
After her capture her design caught the Navy Board's interest and on 10 April 1815 it ordered Woolwich Dock to build a copy. However, with the end of the War of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars, the copy was never built.
Career
On 11 October 1814, under Captain John Ordronaux, she engaged in one of the most violent privateer clashes of the war. Becalmed on the south side of Nantucket, she became vulnerable. Captain Henry Hope of thereupon sent 111 men in five boats to cut out the privateersman, defended by 40 Americans. After 20 minutes of savage fighting, the British surrendered. British casualties amounted to 28 killed, 37 wounded, and 28 taken prisoner. The Americans reported 7 killed and 24 wounded. Ordronaux put most of the wounded and prisoners off at Nantucket, and "limped into Boston".
On 28 December 1814, in the Atlantic, three British frigates, , , and , sighted her and began to pursue. Under the strain of her large sail area, her masts sprung (many Baltimore clippers experienced problems due to their extremely large rigs). Not being able to outrun the British frigates, Prince de Neufchatel surrendered. John Ordronaux was apparently not her captain at the time; her commander was Nicholas Millin. At the time of her capture, Prince de Neufchatel was armed with 18 guns and had a crew of 129 men. She was eight days out of Boston.<ref> HMS Leander - Captain's Log</ref>
Fate
The British took Prince de Neufchatel back to England. There she was damaged beyond repair on the back of the sill of a dock gate as she was being undocked. As a result she was never commissioned into the Royal Navy. She was broken up in 1815.
Legacy
The clipper Red Rover, built in 1830, was modeled after Prince de Neufchatel.
Artist Roy Cross painted a by oil on canvas of Prince de Neufchatel, now in a private collection.
Notes
Citations
References
Gardiner, Robert (1999) Warships of the Napoleonic Era.'' (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press).
War of 1812 ships of the United States
Ships built in New York (state)
1813 ships
Privateer ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20de%20Neufchatel |
Major Sir Frank Henry Bowater, 1st Baronet, TD, CStJ (3 April 1866 – 10 November 1947) was Lord Mayor of London from 1938 to 1939, son of William Vansittart Bowater and his wife Eliza Jane née Davey.
Career
In 1905, Bowater was commissioned in the service of the 4th London Howitzer Brigade Royal Field Artillery (Royal Artillery, Territorial Army), rose to the rank of Major in 1908, rank gained at its service, and fought in World War I. He also held the office of Lord Lieutenant of the City of London in 1914 and was awarded the Territorial Decoration (TD). From 1929 to 1930 he held the office of Sheriff of London and was decorated with the awards of the Order of the Crown (Romania), Grand Officier of the Legion of Honour and Companion of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (CStJ) and was invested as a Knight Bachelor. He then held the office of Lord Mayor of London from 1938 to 1939 and was created 1st Baronet Bowater, of Friston, Suffolk (UK) upon his retirement on 11 October 1939.
Marriage and issue
On 8 October 1891, he married Ethel Anita Fryar, who died on 19 December 1945, following an accident, who was invested as a Companion of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (CStJ), daughter of Mark Lindsay Fryar, of Rangoon, Burma, who was in the Indian Civil Service, and they had four children:
Sir Noël Vansittart Bowater, 2nd Baronet (25 December 1892 – 22 January 1984).
Ethel May Bowater (13 May 1896 - 1990), who usually went by her middle name of May, married on 5 February 1916 Captain Olaus Charles William Johnsen (25 October 1889 – 20 April 1960), son of W. M. Johnsen, and had issue.
Beryl Stuart Bowater (11 December 1902 – 8 October 1972), married on 9 April 1931 Colonel Arthur Howard Eckford Howell, who lived at 5 Headford Place, London, gained the rank of Colonel in the service of the Royal Artillery and was decorated with the awards of the Territorial Decoration (TD) and Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), son of Lieutenant Colonel Ernest Alfred Russell Howell), and had issue
Sir Ian Frank Bowater (16 December 1904 – 1 October 1982).
Arms
References
Sources
Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, pages 51, 456 and 457.
1866 births
1947 deaths
Royal Artillery officers
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Knights of the Order of St John
Lord-Lieutenants of the City of London
Sheriffs of the City of London
Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
20th-century lord mayors of London
20th-century English politicians
British Army personnel of World War I
Members of London County Council
Knights Bachelor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Bowater |
Prestbury railway station is a station which serves the village of Prestbury, Cheshire, England. It was opened on 24 November 1845 by the London & North Western Railway.
Facilities
There is a car park and ticket machine at the station. The southbound platform is only accessible via footbridge. Both platforms have waiting shelters. Previously, there was a payphone on platform 2; this was removed in May 2019.
Service pattern
From 14 December 2008 trains operate on an hourly pattern, terminating at Stoke-on-Trent (southbound) or Manchester Piccadilly (northbound). Some early morning, peak and late night services originate/terminate at Macclesfield.
There are five services in each direction on Sundays.
References
External links
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F1 stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Northern franchise railway stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestbury%20railway%20station |
Tm is an abbreviation for anionic tridentate ligand based on three imidazole-2-thioketone groups bonded to a borohydride center. They are examples of scorpionate ligands. Various ligands in this family are known, differing in what substituents are on the imidazoles. The most common is TmMe, which has a methyl group on the nitrogen. It is easily prepared by the reaction of molten methimazole (1-methylimidazole-2-thione) with sodium borohydride, giving the sodium salt of the ligand. Salts of the TmMe anion are known also for lithium and potassium. Other alkyl- and aryl-group variations are likewise named TmR according to those groups.
Ligand characteristics, comparison with Tp−
The TmMe anion is a tridentate, tripodal ligand topologically similar to the more common Tp ligands, but the two classes of ligands differ in several ways. TmMe has three "soft" sulfur donor atoms, whereas Tp− has three nitrogen donor atoms. The thioamide sulfur is highly basic, as found for other thioureas. The TmR anion simulates the environment provided by three facial thiolate ligands but without the 3- charge of a facial trithiolate.
The large 8-membered SCNBNCSM chelate rings in M(TmMe) complexes are more flexible than the 6-membered CNBNCM rings in M(Tp) complexes. This flexibility enables the formation of boron-metal bonds, after loss of the B-H bond. This degradation of the coordinated TmMe anion gives a dehydrogenated boranamide B(mt)3 where mt = methimazolate.
References
Inorganic chemistry
Tripodal ligands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tm%20ligands |
John Douglas Torode (born 23 July 1965) is an Australian-British celebrity chef and TV presenter. He moved to the UK in the 1990s and began working at Conran Group's restaurants. After first appearing on television on ITV's This Morning, he started presenting a revamped MasterChef on BBC One in 2005. He is a restaurateur; former owner of the Luxe and a second restaurant, Smiths of Smithfield. He has also written a number of cookbooks, including writing some with fellow MasterChef presenter and judge, Gregg Wallace.
Early life
John Douglas Torode was born on 23 July 1965 as the youngest of three boys in Melbourne, Victoria, but, between the ages of four (when his mother died) and ten, he lived in Maitland, New South Wales, with his brother Andrew, and his grandmother who taught him to cook. He then lived in Edithvale, Melbourne, with his father and his brothers, though his father was frequently away from home because of work.
His early cooking career started at Le Coq Au Vin restaurant in Aspendale and his later apprenticeship was at several establishments in Beaumaris, both in Melbourne. He has said that the food in his childhood was fairly normal, and roast chicken remains one of his favourite dishes because of the connection to his childhood, although his favourite meal at that time was crumbed lamb cutlets.
Career
He began his cooking career at the age of 16, after leaving school to attend catering college. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1991. A year later he began working at Le Pont de la Tour and Quaglino's as a sous chef for the Conran Group under Terence Conran. While working at Quaglino's, Torode first met Gregg Wallace, whose company supplied the vegetables for the restaurant.
He cooked on ITV's This Morning in 1996, and continued in that role until 2000. In 1998, his cookbook The Mezzo Cookbook won the James Beard Foundation Award for "Best Food Photography". He opened his former restaurant in Smithfield, London in 2000, called Smiths of Smithfield. After a year, he opened a second restaurant, called Cafeteria, near Notting Hill Gate. Its closure made way for larger projects.
Torode has presented a show for the Good Food channel in the UK alongside former Celebrity MasterChef contestant Hardeep Singh Kohli, called New British Kitchen. The show aimed to feature the impact of imported cuisines in Britain. Other television work has included an appearance on the BBC's The Magicians, which saw Torode and Wallace participate in a stunt by magicians Barry and Stuart which hung the pair off the side of the Tate Modern in London.
He presented the 2014 series John Torode's Australia; the 10 episodes retrace the flavours of John Torode's childhood and the people that inspired his passion for food as he travels the country to go back in time. It has been hosted on BBC Good Food and has so far had three reruns. John Torode's Australia was also recorded as having the largest viewing figures on BBC Good Food in 2014. In 2015, he presented John Torode's Argentina as part of the BBC Two series A Cook Abroad, looking specifically at the country's production, cooking and consumption of beef. The episode explored the history and culture behind Argentina's great beef production and included Torode joining a group of gauchos on a working livestock ranch, before ending at a restaurant in Mendoza where cooking beef is regarded as being an art form.
Torode was featured on BBC News as one of the people behind the project 'Come Eat Together!' The project encourages the elderly to get together in the community and enjoy food together, encouraging a better social existence and an air of security in their lives.
Torode's 2016 show, John Torode's Malaysian Adventure, aired on the Good Food channel throughout the early part of 2016. The 10-part series, filmed throughout Malaysia and the UK, and was commissioned as a result of the success of John Torode's Australia. In the programme, Torode explores the vibrant and varied cuisine of Malaysia, and travels throughout the country from the capital Kuala Lumpur to Langkawi Island off the northern coast. He cooks with local chefs, meets celebrity restaurateurs, visits night markets and explores the impact of history and culture on the evolution of Malaysian food.
The Korean Food Tour (2017, Good Food Channel) sees Torode travel around South Korea, to the mountains, the cities, the countryside and the coast and work his way through some of the nation's top 100 dishes then creating his own version of Korean classics with a modern twist.
Torode's recent food tours led to his 2017/2018 culinary adventure John Torode's Asia. This recently premiered on the Good Food channel, achieving the highest viewing figures for the channel since March 2013. Commissioned by Good Food's Luke Hale and UKTV's Sally Quick, the series is funded in partnership with a number of organisations including the Hong Kong Tourism Board.
In each location, Torode looks for the most inspiring cooks, discovering the distinctive flavours of their country's cuisine. Cooking on location with local chefs, each episode sees several dishes created, popular and typical of their region. This includes eating in an underwater restaurant, discovering a street food market on the banks of the Yangtze River and making traditional dumplings with a Beijing family, ultimately inspiring the viewer to bring the cuisine of Asia into cooking.
In 2018, John Torode's Middle East (10 x 30 minutes) produced by Blink Films, featured the chef as he travelled across the region to find delicious eats.
In March 2019, Torode, along with actress and food writer Lisa Faulkner, was given his own weekend cooking show. They host John And Lisa's Weekend Kitchen on Sunday mornings on ITV.
John Torode has signed on for two years as ambassador of The Kimberley through APT, one of Australia’s leading companies in the tourism industry. Torode said: “The Kimberley was a region I was aware of but even as an Aussie I hadn’t considered it as a holiday destination. Coming on board as APT’s ambassador and visiting for the first time this year, just wow – it blew me away.”
On 21 July 2022, John Torode's Ireland premiered on Food Network, the six-part series sees the chef discovering Ireland's varied cuisine.
MasterChef
In 2005, the BBC television show MasterChef was relaunched with an updated format and with Torode and Wallace as presenters replacing Gary Rhodes. Torode was chosen instead of food critic AA Gill. By 2011, the show had been sold to 25 countries. Torode has said in interviews that he enjoys that the show is unscripted and that the cameras are just there to capture the genuine interactions between the judges and the contestants. The show subsequently spawned a spin-off, also hosted by Torode and Wallace, called Celebrity MasterChef. In October 2009, Torode opened a restaurant in Spitalfields market, Commercial street, London, called The Luxe. He sold his shares and moved on from the two restaurants, but under his leadership, turnover at the Luxe and Smiths of Smithfield reached £9.2 million.
He has also co-presented Junior MasterChef, initially along with Nadia Sawalha, the former winner of Celebrity MasterChef, and more recently alongside Donal Skehan.
Guest appearances
Torode has been a guest several times on BBC One's The One Show, Alan Carr: Chatty Man and The Graham Norton Show, and on ITV's Loose Women and This Morning. On 23 July 2014 (as a keen cyclist) Torode was a guest on ITV4's The Cycle Show.
Personal life
Torode has four children. He was married to Jessica, in 2000, the mother of his son and daughter but was divorced in 2014 after separating in 2011. He also has two other children from previous relationships.
Torode has been in a relationship with actress and Celebrity Masterchef winner Lisa Faulkner since 2015. The couple married on 24 October 2019 at Aynhoe Park, Oxfordshire.
Torode was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to food and charity.
Criticism
During a 2018 series of MasterChef, Torode received significant criticism from Malaysian, Indonesian and Singaporean people when Malaysian contestant Zaleha Kadir Olpin was eliminated. Although John correctly commented that the meat should be “falling off the bone”, Gregg Wallace had commented that her contesting rendang dish served with nasi lemak "wasn't crispy enough".
"I like the rendang flavour, there's a coconut sweetness. However, the chicken skin isn't crispy. It can't be eaten and all the sauce is on the skin so I can't eat it," quoted co-judge Gregg Wallace during his judging of the dish, with Torode commenting that the dish was 'not really flavoursome'. Many responded to inform Gregg Wallace that rendang, which is a spicy stew normally made with chicken or beef of tender texture, doesn't consist of crispy outer skin. Subsequently, viewers took to Facebook and Twitter to comment about the rendang's actual texture and how the judges were at fault for eliminating the contestant including former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak who posted a picture of the dish on Instagram with the attached caption, "Who eats ‘crispy’ chicken rendang?" Torode responded to the criticism through Twitter by writing: "Maybe Rendang is Indonesian! Love this! Brilliant how excited you are all getting. Namaste", which resulted in further backlash.
Published works
Torode, John (2019) Sydney To Seoul. London: Headline Publishing Group.
References
External links
Living people
Australian food industry businesspeople
Australian television chefs
Australian television presenters
Australian emigrants to England
Australian expatriates in England
Television personalities from Melbourne
1965 births
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Torode |
Record is a Portuguese sports newspaper, founded by Manuel Dias, published in Lisbon. Although it covers most sports, football is the focal point of it, and almost always is the only sport referred to on the cover.
History and profile
Record was founded by Manuel Dias. Dias was a newspaper vendor as well an athlete. Dias participated the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. In 1949, Dias would enter the national lottery in Portugal and would win 40 contos. Dias would use these funds to establish the Record newspaper. The first edition of the newspaper was published on 26 of November 1949 and was sold on a weekly basis. Over the 63 years, Record have had a difficult times and gone through becoming a privatized company to a publicly traded one.
Before the Carnation revolution Record belonged to the Banco Borges and Irmão, a bank. Then it was nationalized following the revolution.
In 1988, Record was privatized and was acquired by the company Projectos e Estudos de Imprensa (PEI), which also became the owner of the paper Diário Popular the next year. The company was headed by Pedro Santana Lopes, a member of the Social Democratic Party. During the 1990s, Record began to be released on a daily basis from Monday to Sunday, and the paper was acquired by the Cofina media conglomerate. In 2005, Record created an award called the Artur Agostinho Award in memory of Artur Agostinho; the award distinguishes the person of the year in sport.
Circulation
In 2007, Record was the third-best-selling Portuguese newspaper with a circulation of 74,000 copies. The paper claimed it was the leading sport newspaper in Portugal with 62,245 copies in 2011, and was also the leading website in Portuguese sport newspapers, with 216 million page views recorded in May 2012. Between September and October 2013, the paper had a circulation of 50,886 copies.
Teams of the Year
Since 2012, Record has organised the Team of the Year award, which distinguishes the best eleven players of the calendar year of the Primeira Liga.
2012
Source:
References
External links
Record online
All the news from Portugal
1948 establishments in Portugal
Newspapers published in Lisbon
Newspapers established in 1948
Portuguese-language newspapers
Sports mass media in Portugal
Sports newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record%20%28newspaper%29 |
Studley Horticultural & Agricultural College for Women was a horticultural and agricultural college for women, near Studley in Warwickshire, England, which operated from 1898 until 1969.
History
The college was founded by Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick. In 1898 she had founded Warwick Hostel in Reading to offer training to 'surplus women in the lighter branches of agriculture'. Warwick Hostel expanded and moved to Studley Castle in Warwickshire in 1903, becoming Studley Horticultural & Agricultural College for Women. An early student was Adela Pankhurst, and an early warden (1908-1914, 1918-1922) was Dr Lillias Hamilton.
Students included Taki Handa, a student and instructor at Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Japan, who studied at Studley from 1906 to 1907 and designed a garden at Cowden Estate in Muckhart, Scotland. The College students undertook hard practical work in its greenhouses and vegetable gardens.
In 1920 Helen Ekins completed a part-time degree in horticulture at Birmingham University. Hamilton lauded her as the "most highly qualified... in horticulture in England". Hamilton had to retire due to ill health four years later and Ekins became her the new warden.
The college offered a Diploma in Horticulture from 1924 and this was a three year course. In 1934 the college offered a degree course of the University of London leading to a BSc in horticulture. Ekins was to serve as warden until 1946, when Mrs. K.G.Woolacott, became the new warden. The plant collector, Clara Winsome Muirhead studied horticulture at Studley between 1933 and 1935.
The College remained an all-women college throughout its existence, closing in 1969. The assets were used to found the Studley College Trust, a charitable trust that awards grants to students of agriculture and horticulture. The Museum of English Rural Life holds a collection of horticultural trophies and medals, and archival material relating to Studley College.
Studley Castle has since become a conference centre and wedding venue.
References
External links
Searchable resource for photographs of Studley Horticultural College in the early years
Studley Castle web site, showing the premises as they are today
Studley College Trust
The Agrarian History of England and Wales volume VII 1850-1914, editor E.J.T. Collins, series editor Joan Thirsk, Cambridge University Press 2011
Defunct schools in Warwickshire
History of Warwickshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studley%20College |
The Debatable Lands, also known as debatable ground, batable ground or threip lands, lay between Scotland and England. It was formerly in question as to which it belonged when they were distinct kingdoms. The name either signifies litigious or disputable ground, or it comes from the Old English word 'battable' (land suitable for fattening livestock).
History
The Debatable Lands extended from the Solway Firth near Carlisle to Langholm in Dumfries and Galloway, the largest population centre being Canonbie. The lands included the baronies of Kirkandrews, Bryntallone and Morton. They were around long from north to south and wide. The boundaries were marked by the rivers Liddel and Esk in the east and the River Sark in the west.
The origins of the peculiar status of this territory have been the subject of various interpretations. One of the more convincing proposals is that it arose from a landholding created on both sides of the Esk in the twelfth century. For over three hundred years the area was effectively controlled by local Riding Surnames or clans, such as the Armstrongs, who successfully resisted any attempt by the Scottish or English governments to impose their authority. In his history of the Border Reivers (The Steel Bonnets, 1971), George MacDonald Fraser says that the Armstrongs alone could put 3,000 men in the field. They launched frequent raids on farms and settlements outside the Debatable Lands, the profits enabling them to become major landowners.
Other clans in the area were the Elwands, Ellwoods, or Eliotts who extended into Teviotdale; the Nixons who were more numerous in Cumberland; the Crossars in Upper Liddesdale, with their chief stronghold in Riccarton/Riccarton Mill (Rickerton, forms of Richardtown), Northern/Upper Liddesdale (listed in valleys of Liddesdale as locus/locality of Croyser 1376) of Hudhouse also located nearby on Liddel (it is a mistake to suppose they settled in Debatable lands on the lower Liddel though at Riccarton, and Hudhouse they were on the upper end of the Liddel Water); and the Grahams, who owned five towers in the Debatable Land. The Irvings, Carruthers, Olivers, Bells, Dicksons, and Littles were also present in varying numbers.
In 1530, King James V of Scotland took action against the lawless clans of the Debatable Lands and imprisoned the Lords Bothwell, Maxwell and Home, Walter Scott of Buccleuch, and other border lairds for their lack of action. James took various other steps, but significantly he broke the strength of the Armstrongs by hanging Johnnie Armstrong of Gilnockie and thirty-one others at Caerlanrig Chapel, under questionable circumstances.
In 1552, Commissioners from Scotland and England met and divided the Debatable Lands between England and Scotland, with a line, known as the Scots' Dike, drawn from Esk to Sark, abolishing the Debatable Lands' de facto independence from either crown. Since then, the Anglo-Scottish border has remained essentially unchanged.
The 1552 division of the Debatable Lands, the Scots' Dike and the several changes to the status of Berwick-upon-Tweed between the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries until it finally became English in 1482, remains the only significant alterations to the border agreed in the 1237 Treaty of York.
In 1590 James VI of Scotland declared that the Debatable Lands and the lands of Canonbie were annexed to the crown, and he set new leases to various landowners.
See also
Anglo-Scottish border
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Dumfriesshire
History of Cumbria
Liddesdale
List of places in the Scottish Borders
March law (Anglo-Scottish border)
Scottish Marches
Scots' Dike
Solway Firth
Treaty of York
Notes
References
John M. Todd (2006), 'The West March on the Anglo-Scottish Border in the Twelfth Century, and the Origins of the Western Debatable Land', Northern History, 43:1, 11–19, DOI: 10.1179/174587006X86783
Attribution
Further reading
External links
SCRAN: Johnnie Armstrong - A Reiver's Story
SCRAN: Family Names: Armstrong
The Debatable Land
Video on the 'Monition of Cursing' stone, Carlisle.
History of the Scottish Borders
Military history of the United Kingdom
History of Dumfriesshire
Anglo-Scottish border
Disputed territories in Europe
Former disputed land areas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debatable%20Lands |
Michael John Mahoney (born December 5, 1972) is a Major League Baseball catcher, formerly with the St. Louis Cardinals. He made his major league debut on September 8, 2000 with the Chicago Cubs, and after two seasons in Chicago, he was released and eventually signed with St. Louis. He started a stretch of games while primary catcher Yadier Molina was injured in , but was not re-signed by the Cardinals after the season. Most recently, he played for the Iowa Cubs in .
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Major League Baseball catchers
Chicago Cubs players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Creighton Bluejays baseball players
Baseball players from Des Moines, Iowa
American expatriate baseball players in Australia
Durham Bulls players
Eugene Emeralds players
Greenville Braves players
Memphis Redbirds players
Richmond Braves players
Syracuse SkyChiefs players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Mahoney%20%28catcher%29 |
LD50 is the median lethal dose in toxicology.
LD50 may also refer to:
L.D. 50 (album), an album by Mudvayne
LD 50 Lethal Dose, a 2003 UK film
"LD50", an episode of NCIS: Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Philosophers born in the 20th century (and others important in the history of philosophy) listed alphabetically:
Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
A
Elisa Aaltola (born 1976)
Richard Aaron (1901–1987)
Gholamreza Aavani (born 1943)
Nicola Abbagnano (1901–1990)
Ruth Abbey (born 1961)
Bijan Abdolkarimi (born 1963)
Taha Abdurrahman (born 1944)
Masao Abe (1915–2006)
Henry D. Abelove (born 1945)
Raziel Abelson (1921–2017)
Miguel Abensour (1939–2017)
Arash Abizadeh
William Emmanuel Abraham (born 1934)
David Abram (born 1957)
Gerd B. Achenbach (born 1947)
Peter Achinstein (born 1935)
Hans Achterhuis (born 1942)
Felicia Nimue Ackerman (born 1947)
J. L. Ackrill (1921–2007)
H. B. Acton (1908–1974)
Carol J. Adams (born 1951)
James Luther Adams (1901–1994)
Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017)
Maynard Adams (1919–2003)
Robert Merrihew Adams (born 1937)
Peter Adamson (born 1972)
Matthew Adler (born 1962)
Mortimer J. Adler (1902–2001)
Mantas Adomėnas (born 1972)
Theodor Adorno (1903–1969)
Sediq Afghan (born 1958)
Michel Aflaq (1910–1989)
Sylviane Agacinski (born 1945)
Giorgio Agamben (born 1942)
Joseph Agassi (born 1927)
Khurshid Ahmad (born 1932)
Arif Ahmed
Scott Aikin (born 1971)
Timo Airaksinen (born 1947)
Shabbir Akhtar (born 1960)
Lilli Alanen (1941–2021)
David Albert (born 1954)
Hans Albert (1921–2023)
Rogers Albritton (1923–2002)
Linda Martín Alcoff (born 1955)
Virgil Aldrich (1903–1998)
Gerda Alexander (1908–1994)
Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (1912–1999)
Robert Alexy (born 1945)
Keimpe Algra (born 1959)
Lucy Allais
George James Allan (born 1935)
Trevor Allan (born 1955)
Amy Allen
Anita L. Allen (born 1953)
Diogenes Allen (1932–2013)
William B. Allen (born 1944)
Henry E. Allison (born 1937)
Ferdinand Alquié (1906–1985)
William Alston (1921–2009)
Jimmy Altham (born 1944)
Louis Althusser (1918–1990)
Thomas J. J. Altizer (1927–2018)
Alexander Altmann (1906–1987)
Peter Alward (born 1964)
Alice Ambrose (1906–2001)
Karl Ameriks (born 1947)
Roger T. Ames (born 1947)
Günther Anders (1902–1992)
Alan Ross Anderson (1925–1973)
C. Anthony Anderson (born 1940)
Elizabeth S. Anderson (born 1959)
John Mueller Anderson (1914–1999)
Pamela Sue Anderson (1955–2017)
R. Lanier Anderson
Judith Andre
Kristin Andrews (born 1971)
Antanas Andrijauskas (born 1948)
Irving Anellis (1946–2013)
Ian Angus (born 1949)
Loreta Anilionytė
Julia Annas (born 1946)
G. E. M. Anscombe (1918–2001)
Keith Ansell-Pearson (born 1960)
Dario Antiseri (born 1940)
Maria Rosa Antognazza (born 1964)
John P. Anton (1920–2014)
G. Aldo Antonelli (1962–2015)
Louise Antony
Karl-Otto Apel (1922–2017)
Kwame Anthony Appiah (born 1954)
Richard Appignanesi (born 1940)
Richard Aquila (born 1944)
Lennart Åqvist (born 1932)
István Aranyosi (born 1975)
Reza Davari Ardakani (born 1933)
Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
Türker Armaner (born 1968)
Leslie Armour (1931–2014)
A. H. Armstrong (1909–1997)
David Malet Armstrong (1926–2014)
John Armstrong (born 1966)
Juan Arnau (born 1968)
Richard Arneson
Rudolf Arnheim (1904–2007)
Raymond Aron (1905–1983)
Robert Arp (born 1970)
Nomy Arpaly (born 1973)
Robert Arrington (1938–2015)
Kenneth Arrow (1921–2017)
Zaki al-Arsuzi (1899–1968)
Sergei N. Artemov (born 1951)
John Arthur (1946–2007)
Mariano Artigas (1938–2006)
Adil Asadov (born 1958)
Molefi Kete Asante (born 1942)
Karl Aschenbrenner (1911–1988)
Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920–2003)
Margaret Atherton (born 1943)
George N. Atiyeh (1923–2008)
Ronald Field Atkinson (1928–2005)
Henri Atlan (born 1931)
Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas (born 1931)
Robin Attfield (born 1931)
Elspeth Attwooll (born 1943)
Gwenaëlle Aubry (born 1971)
Robert Audi (born 1941)
Lene Auestad (born 1973)
John Langshaw Austin (1911–1960)
Randall Auxier (born 1961)
Armen Avanessian (born 1973)
Jeremy Avigad (born 1968)
Anita Avramides (born 1952)
Kostas Axelos (1924–2010)
Francisco J. Ayala (born 1934)
Alfred Jules Ayer (1910–1989)
Michael R. Ayers (born 1935)
Hiroki Azuma (born 1971)
Joxe Azurmendi (born 1941)
Jody Azzouni (born 1954)
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Harriet Baber (born 1950)
Babette Babich (born 1956)
Kent Bach (born 1943)
Bronisław Baczko (1924–2016)
Alain Badiou (born 1937)
Julian Baggini (born 1968)
Archie J. Bahm (1907–1996)
Annette Baier (1929–2012)
Kurt Baier (1917–2010)
Moya Bailey
Alan Baker
Gordon Park Baker (1938–2002)
Lynne Rudder Baker (1944–2017)
Albena Bakratcheva (born 1961)
Gopal Balakrishnan (born 1966)
Tom Baldwin (born 1947)
Étienne Balibar (born 1942)
Renford Bambrough (1926–1999)
Hassan al-Banna (1906–1949)
Michael Banner (born 1961)
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915–1975)
Dorit Bar-On (born 1955)
Karen Barad (born 1956)
Amiri Baraka (1934–2014)
José Barata-Moura (born 1948)
Renaud Barbaras (born 1955)
Ian Barbour (1923–2013)
Alejandro Bárcenas
Sidi Mohamed Barkat (born 1948)
Jason Barker (born 1971)
Stephen F. Barker (1927–2019)
Elizabeth Barnes
Hazel Barnes (1915–2008)
Jonathan Barnes (born 1942)
Marcia Baron (born 1955)
William Barrett (1913–1992)
Eduardo Barrio
Phillip Barron
Brian Barry (1936–2009)
Christian Barry
Norman P. Barry (1944–2008)
Roland Barthes (1915–1980)
Lauren Swayne Barthold (born 1965)
Sandra Bartky (1935–2016)
Steven James Bartlett (born 1945)
W. W. Bartley III (1934–1990)
Renate Bartsch (born 1939)
Shadi Bartsch (born 1966)
Jon Barwise (1942–2000)
Jacques Barzun (1907–2012)
David Basinger (born 1947)
Diderik Batens (born 1944)
Gregory Bateson (1904–1980)
David Batstone (born 1958)
Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007)
Nancy Bauer (born 1960)
Zygmunt Bauman (1925–2017)
Charles A. Baylis (1902–1975)
Francoise Baylis (born 1961)
Jc Beall (born 1966)
Monroe Beardsley (1915–1985)
Tom Beauchamp (born 1939)
Jean Beaufret (1907–1982)
Emily Beausoleil
Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)
Anthony Beavers (born 1963)
William Bechtel (born 1951)
Lewis White Beck (1913–1997)
Gerhold K. Becker (born 1943)
Lawrence C. Becker (1939–2018)
Francis J. Beckwith (born 1960)
Hugo Bedau (1926–2012)
Mark Bedau (born 1950)
Helen Beebee (born 1968)
Hasna Begum (1935–2020)
Ernst Behler (1928–1997)
Werner Beierwaltes (1931–2019)
Frederick C. Beiser (born 1949)
Charles Beitz (born 1949)
Daniel Bell (1919–2011)
John Lane Bell (born 1945)
Shannon Bell (born 1955)
Robert N. Bellah (1927–2013)
Kathryn Sophia Belle (born 1978)
Nuel Belnap (born 1930)
Yemima Ben-Menahem (born 1946)
Aaron Ben-Ze'ev (born 1949)
Paul Benacerraf (born 1931)
Linos Benakis (born 1928)
José Benardete (1928–2016)
Seth Benardete (1930–2001)
David Benatar (born 1966)
Seyla Benhabib (born 1950)
Piers Benn (born 1962)
Jonathan Bennett (born 1930)
Geoffrey Bennington (born 1956)
Alain de Benoist (born 1943)
Bruce Ellis Benson (born 1960)
Sergio Benvenuto (born 1948)
Floris van den Berg (born 1973)
Peter L. Berger (1929–2017)
Frithjof Bergmann (1930–2021)
Gustav Bergmann (1906–1987)
Michael Bergmann (born 1964)
Lars Bergström
Arnold Berleant (born 1932)
Isaiah Berlin (1909–1997)
Marshall Berman (1940–2013)
José Benardete (1928–2016)
Seth Benardete (1930–2001)
Robert Bernasconi (born 1950)
Walter Berns (1919–2015)
Andrew Bernstein (born 1949)
Jay Bernstein (born 1947)
Mark H. Bernstein
Richard J. Bernstein (born 1932)
Marcus Berquist (1934–2010)
Wendell Berry (born 1934)
Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901–1972)
Peter Anthony Bertocci (1910–1989)
Steven Best (born 1955)
Gábor Betegh (born 1968)
Richard Bett
Mark Bevir (born 1963)
Jean-Yves Béziau (born 1965)
Homi K. Bhabha (born 1949)
Roy Bhaskar (1944–2014)
Nalini Bhushan
Vladimir Bibikhin (1938–2004)
Cristina Bicchieri (born 1950)
Jacques Bidet (born 1935)
Jean Biès (1933–2014)
Simone Bignall
Anat Biletzki (born 1952)
Akeel Bilgrami (born 1950)
Purushottama Bilimoria
Nikola Biller-Andorno
Katalin Bimbó (born 1963)
Harry Binswanger (born 1944)
Alexander Bird (born 1964)
Garrett Birkhoff (1911–1996)
Peg Birmingham
Jeffrey Bishop (born 1967)
Frode Alfson Bjørdal (born 1944)
Max Black (1909–1988)
Simon Blackburn (born 1944)
Russell Blackford (born 1954)
Oliva Blanchette (1929–2021)
Patricia Blanchette
Maurice Blanchot (1907–2003)
Joseph Leon Blau (1909–1986)
David Blitz
Ned Block (born 1942)
Allan Bloom (1930–1992)
Lawrence Blum (born 1943)
Albert Blumberg (1906–1997)
Hans Blumenberg (1920–1996)
Andy Blunden (born 1945)
Norberto Bobbio (1909–2004)
Chris Bobonich (born 1960)
Susanne Bobzien (born 1960)
Jozef Maria Bochenski (1902–1995)
Remo Bodei (1938–2019)
Margaret Boden (born 1936)
James Bogen
Paul Boghossian (born 1957)
Peter Boghossian
David Bohm (1917–1992)
Gernot Böhme (born 1937)
Hilary Bok (born 1959)
Sissela Bok (born 1934)
Alisa Bokulich
Daniel Bonevac
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945)
Laurence BonJour (born 1943)
Murray Bookchin (1921–2006)
George Boolos (1940–1996)
William James Booth
Susan Bordo
Michael Bordt (born 1960)
Emma Borg
Albert Borgmann (born 1937)
Eugene Borowitz (1924–2016)
Giovanna Borradori
Lisa Bortolotti (born 1974)
David Bostock (1936–2019)
Inga Bostad (born 1963)
Nick Bostrom (born 1973)
George Botterill (born 1949)
Eileen Hunt Botting (born 1971)
Alain de Botton (born 1969)
Tina Fernandes Botts
Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002)
Jacques Bouveresse (1940–2021)
Luc Bovens
David Frederick Bowers (1906–1945)
Andrew Bowie (born 1952)
Bernard Boxill
Jan Boxill (born 1939)
Richard Boyd (1942–2021)
Joseph A. Bracken (born 1930)
Costica Bradatan
Richard Bradley (born 1964)
Michael Brady (born 1965)
Rémi Brague (born 1947)
Rosi Braidotti (born 1954)
David Braine (1940–2017)
Richard-Bevan Braithwaite (1900–1990)
Theodore Brameld (1904–1987)
Myles Brand (1942–2009)
Robert Brandom (born 1950)
Richard B. Brandt (1910–1997)
Eva Brann (born 1929)
Ray Brassier (born 1965)
Michael Bratman (born 1945)
Stephen E. Braude (born 1945)
David Braybrooke (1924–2013)
Geoffrey Brennan (born 1944)
Jason Brennan (born 1979)
Samantha Brennan
Teresa Brennan (1952–2003)
Bill Brewer
Jean Bricmont (born 1952)
Ingo Brigandt
Harry Brighouse
Liam Kofi Bright
David O. Brink (born 1958)
Susan Brison
Luc Brisson (born 1946)
Charles Francis Brittain
Alexander Broadie
Sarah Broadie (1941–2021)
Dan W. Brock (1937–2020)
May Brodbeck (1917–1983)
Berit Brogaard (born 1970)
Johannes Bronkhorst (born 1946)
Stephen Bronner (born 1949)
Thom Brooks (born 1973)
John Broome (born 1947)
Janet Broughton
Harvey Brown (born 1950)
Wendy Brown (born 1955)
Kimberley Brownlee (born 1978)
Bartosz Brożek (born 1977)
Pascal Bruckner (born 1948)
Robert Brumbaugh (1918–1992)
Fernand Brunner (1920–1991)
Brian Bruya (born 1966)
Edwin Bryant (born 1957)
Levi Bryant
Jeffrey Bub (born 1942)
Allen Buchanan (born 1948)
Ian Buchanan (born 1969)
James M. Buchanan (1919–2013)
Gerd Buchdahl (1914–2001)
Justus Buchler (1914–1991)
Henry Bugbee (1915–1999)
Mario Bunge (1919–2020)
Martin Bunzl (born 1948)
Tyler Burge (born 1946)
Ronna Burger (born 1947)
J. Peter Burgess (born 1961)
John P. Burgess (born 1948)
Teresa Blankmeyer Burke
Arthur Burks (1915–2008)
James Burnham (1905–1987)
John Burnheim (born 1928)
Elizabeth Burns
Myles Burnyeat (1939–2019)
David Burrell (born 1933)
Roderick D. Bush (1945–2013)
Panayot Butchvarov (born 1933)
Judith Butler (born 1956)
Jeremy Butterfield (born 1954)
Victor L. Butterfield (1904–1975)
Stephen Butterfill
Charles Butterworth (born 1938)
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Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973)
Julio Cabrera
Massimo Cacciari (born 1944)
John Cage (1912–1992)
Cheshire Calhoun
Daniel Callahan (1930–2019)
Joan Callahan (1946–2019)
Agnes Callard (born 1976)
Craig Callender (born 1968)
J. Baird Callicott (born 1941)
Elisabeth Camp
Donald T. Campbell (1916–1996)
John Campbell (born 1956)
Joseph Campbell (1904–1987)
Victoria Camps (born 1941)
Albert Camus (1913–1960)
Georges Canguilhem (1904–1995)
Leslie Cannold
Monique Canto-Sperber (born 1954)
Milič Čapek (1909–1997)
Herman Cappelen (born 1967)
John D. Caputo (born 1940)
Josiah S. Carberry (born 1929)
Claudia Card (1940–2015)
Taylor Carman (born 1965)
Walter Carnielli (born 1952)
Eduardo Carrasco (born 1940)
Peter Carravetta (born 1951)
Peter Carruthers (born 1952)
Arturo Carsetti (born 1940)
Rachel Carson (1907–1964)
Alan Carter (born 1952)
Nancy Cartwright (born 1944)
Richard Cartwright (1925–2010)
Olavo de Carvalho (1947–2022)
Edward S. Casey (born 1939)
Quassim Cassam (born 1961)
Barbara Cassin (born 1947)
Pierre Cassou-Noguès (born 1971)
Hector-Neri Castañeda (1924–1991)
Roberto Castillo (1950–2008)
David Castle (born 1967)
Cornelius Castoriadis (1922–1997)
Jean Cavaillès (1903–1944)
Paola Cavalieri (born 1950)
Stanley Cavell (1926–2018)
Christopher Celenza (born 1967)
Michel de Certeau (1925–1986)
Arindam Chakrabarti
Anjan Chakravartty
Alan Chalmers (born 1939)
David Chalmers (born 1966)
Clare Chambers (born 1976)
Timothy Chambers
Wing-tsit Chan (1901–1994)
Hasok Chang (born 1967)
Ruth Chang
Vere Claiborne Chappell (1930–2019)
David Charles
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1918–1993)
Haridas Chaudhuri (1913–1975)
Albert Chernenko (1935–2009)
Harold F. Cherniss (1904–1987)
Mark Cherry
Ronda Chervin (born 1937)
Charles Chihara (1932–2020)
James Childress (born 1940)
Roderick Chisholm (1916–1999)
William Chittick (born 1943)
Kah Kyung Cho (born 1927)
Pema Chödrön (born 1936)
Noam Chomsky (born 1928)
Alonzo Church (1903–1995)
Patricia Churchland (born 1943)
Paul Churchland (born 1942)
C. West Churchman (1913–2004)
Frank Cioffi (1928–2012)
Emil Cioran (1911–1995)
Joanne B. Ciulla (born 1952)
Hélène Cixous (born 1937)
Jean Clam (born 1958)
Andy Clark (born 1957)
Gordon Clark (1902–1985)
Stephen R. L. Clark (born 1945)
Desmond Clarke (1942–2016)
W. Norris Clarke (1915–2008)
Carol Cleland (born 1948)
Justin Clemens (born 1969)
Catherine Clément (born 1939)
Paul Cliteur (born 1955)
Sharyn Clough (born 1965)
C. A. J. Coady (born 1936)
John B. Cobb (born 1925)
David Cockburn (born 1949)
Alan Code (born 1951)
Lorraine Code (born 1937)
Felix S. Cohen (1907–1953)
Gerald Cohen (1941–2009)
Joshua Cohen (born 1951)
L. Jonathan Cohen (1923–2006)
Selma Jeanne Cohen (1920–2005)
Priscilla Cohn (1933–2019)
David R. Cole (born 1967)
Jules Coleman (born 1947)
Lucio Colletti (1924–2001)
Patricia Hill Collins (born 1948)
Robin Collins
Mark Colyvan
John Joseph Compton (1928–2014)
André Comte-Sponville (born 1952)
Marcel Conche (born 1922)
James H. Cone (1938–2018)
Deborah Cook (1954–2020)
Joyce Mitchell Cook (1933–2014)
Ursula Coope (born 1969)
David E. Cooper (born 1942)
John M. Cooper (born 1939)
Rachel Cooper (born 1974)
Jack Copeland (born 1950)
Brian Copenhaver (born 1942)
Irving Copi (1917–2002)
Joan Copjec
Frederick Copleston (1907–1994)
Henry Corbin (1903–1978)
John Corcoran (1937–2021)
Viola Cordova (1937–2002)
Carla Cordua (born 1925)
David Corfield
Drucilla Cornell (born 1950)
Newton da Costa (born 1929)
John Cottingham (born 1943)
William Craig (1918–2016)
William Lane Craig (born 1949)
Tim Crane (born 1962)
Alice Crary (born 1967)
Robert P. Crease (born 1953)
Richard Creath (born 1947)
Max Cresswell (born 1939)
Roger Crisp (born 1961)
Simon Critchley (born 1960)
Helena Cronin (born 1942)
Robert Craigie Cross (1911–2000)
Richard Crossman (1907–1974)
Antonio Cua (1932–2007)
Ann Cudd
Garrett Cullity
Robert Denoon Cumming (1916–2004)
Chris Cuomo
Don Cupitt (born 1934)
Tommy J. Curry
Jean Curthoys (born 1947)
James T. Cushing (1937–2002)
D
François Dagognet (1924–2015)
Robert Dahl (1915–2014)
Daniel O. Dahlstrom (born 1948)
Mary Daly (1928–2010)
Jonathan Dancy (born 1946)
Arthur Danto (1924–2013)
Lindley Darden (born 1945)
Stephen Darwall (born 1946)
Arnold Davidson (born 1955)
Donald Davidson (1917–2003)
Brian Davies (born 1951)
Martin Davies (born 1950)
Stephen Davies
Angela Davis (born 1944)
Diane Davis (born 1963)
Michael Davis (born 1943)
Guy Debord (1931–1994)
Vianney Décarie (1917–2009)
Mario De Caro (born 1963)
Helen De Cruz (born 1978)
John Deely (1942–2017)
Maximilian de Gaynesford (born 1968)
Richard T. De George (born 1933)
John J. DeGioia (born 1957)
David DeGrazia (born 1962)
Charles De Koninck (1906–1965)
Manuel DeLanda (born 1952)
Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)
Bernard Delfgaauw (1912–1993)
Paul de Man (1919–1983)
Lara Denis (born 1969)
Daniel Dennett (born 1942)
Douglas Den Uyl (born 1950)
Keith DeRose (born 1962)
Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)
Giorgio de Santillana (1902–1974)
Peggy DesAutels
Vincent Descombes (born 1943)
Ronald de Sousa (born 1940)
Michael Detlefsen (1948–2019)
Eliot Deutsch (1931–2020)
Karl Deutsch (1912–1992)
Penelope Deutscher
Philippe Devaux (1902–1979)
Michael Devitt (born 1938)
Hent de Vries (born 1958)
L. Harold DeWolf (1905–1986)
Meena Dhanda
Cora Diamond (born 1937)
Donna Dickenson (born 1946)
George Dickie (1926–2020)
Michael R. Dietrich (born 1963)
Susan Ann Dimock
Zoran Đinđić (1952–2003)
Rosalyn Diprose
Do-ol (born 1948)
Daniel Dombrowski (born 1953)
Alan Donagan (1925–1991)
Sue Donaldson (born 1962)
Keith Donnellan (1931–2015)
Josephine Donovan (born 1941)
Mark Dooley (born 1970)
Jude Patrick Dougherty (1930–2021)
Igor Douven
Bradley Dowden (born 1942)
Lisa Downing (born 1974)
Paul Draper (born 1957)
William Herbert Dray (1921–2009)
Burton Dreben (1927–1999)
Fred Dretske (1932–2013)
James Drever (1910–1991)
Hubert Dreyfus (1929–2017)
Julia Driver
Shadia Drury (born 1950)
Dominique Dubarle (1907–1987)
Aleksandr Dugin (born 1962)
Michael Dummett (1925–2011)
Fernand Dumont (1927–1997)
Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987)
Jon Michael Dunn (1941–2021)
John Dupré (born 1952)
Louis Dupré (born 1925)
Denis Dutton (1944–2010)
Divya Dwivedi
Gerald Dworkin (born 1937)
Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013)
Davor Džalto (born 1980)
Miroslaw Dzielski (1941–1989)
E
William A. Earle (1919–1988)
John Earman (born 1942)
Kenny Easwaran
John Eccles (1903–1997)
Umberto Eco (1932–2016)
Abraham Edel (1908–2007)
Gerald Edelman (1929–2014)
Dorothy Edgington (born 1941)
James M. Edie (1927–1998)
Lez Edmond
David Edmonds (born 1964)
Paul Edwards (1923–2004)
Frances Egan
Margaret Elizabeth Egan (1905–1959)
Carolyn Eisele (1902–2000)
Alexandra Elbakyan (born 1988)
Mircea Eliade (1907–1986)
Ignacio Ellacuría (1930–1989)
Carl Elliott (born 1961)
Deni Elliott
Brian David Ellis (born 1929)
Jacques Ellul (1912–1994)
Jean Bethke Elshtain (1941–2013)
Jon Elster (born 1940)
Charles R. Embry
Dorothy Emmet (1904–2000)
Pascal Engel (born 1954)
David Enoch
Erik Erikson (1902–1994)
John Etchemendy (born 1952)
Amitai Etzioni (born 1929)
Jin Eun-young (born 1970)
C. Stephen Evans (born 1948)
Gareth Evans (1946–1980)
Stanley Eveling (1925–2008)
Nir Eyal (born 1970)
Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze (1963–2007)
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Cécile Fabre (born 1971)
Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003)
Anne Fagot-Largeault (born 1938)
Frantz Fanon (1925–1961)
Delia Graff Fara (1969–2017)
Marvin Farber (1901–1980)
Catia Faria (born 1980)
Austin Marsden Farrer (1904–1968)
James E. Faulconer (born 1947)
Joanne Faulkner (born 1972)
Keith W. Faulkner
Silvia Federici (born 1942)
Andrew Feenberg (born 1943)
Solomon Feferman (1928–2016)
Carla Fehr
Herbert Feigl (1902–1988)
Joel Feinberg (1926–2004)
Fred Feldman (born 1941)
Ann Ferguson (born 1938)
Maurizio Ferraris (born 1956)
José Ferrater Mora (1912–1991)
Frederick Ferré (1933–2013)
Luc Ferry (born 1951)
Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994)
Hartry Field (born 1946)
James Fieser
Carrie Figdor
J. N. Findlay (1903–1987)
Arthur Fine (born 1937)
Gail Fine
Kit Fine (born 1946)
Martha Albertson Fineman (born 1943)
Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985)
Herbert Fingarette (1921–2018)
Eugen Fink (1905–1975)
John Finnis (born 1940)
Lawrence Finsen
Susan Finsen
Roderick Firth (1917–1987)
John Martin Fischer (born 1952)
Frederic Fitch (1908–1987)
Branden Fitelson (born 1969)
Owen Flanagan (born 1940)
Kurt Flasch (born 1930)
Richard E. Flathman (1934–2015)
Joseph Fletcher (1905–1991)
Antony Flew (1923–2010)
Katrin Flikschuh
Luciano Floridi (born 1964)
Elizabeth Flower (1914–1995)
Juliet Floyd
Vilém Flusser (1920–1991)
James R. Flynn (1934–2020)
Thomas R. Flynn (born 1936)
Jerry Fodor (1935–2017)
Robert Fogelin (1932–2016)
Dagfinn Føllesdal (born 1932)
William Fontaine (1909–1968)
Philippa Foot (1920–2010)
Graeme R. Forbes
Peter Forrest (born 1948)
John Forrester (1949–2015)
Rainer Forst (born 1964)
Michel Foucault (1926–1984)
Bas van Fraassen (born 1941)
Carlos Fraenkel (born 1971)
Gary L. Francione (born 1954)
Leslie Francis
Manfred Frank (born 1945)
Charles Frankel (1917–1979)
William K. Frankena (1908–1994)
Nancy Frankenberry (born 1947)
Harry Frankfurt (born 1929)
Keith Frankish
Viktor Frankl (1905–1997)
James Franklin (born 1953)
Oliver Shewell Franks (1905–1992)
Nancy Fraser (born 1947)
Michael Frede (1940–2007)
Hans Wilhelm Frei (1922–1988)
Paulo Freire
Anne Fremantle (1909–2002)
Peter A. French (born 1942)
Raymond Frey (1941–2012)
Miranda Fricker (born 1966)
Marilyn Friedman (born 1945)
Michael Friedman (born 1947)
Milton Friedman (1912–2006)
Roman Frigg (born 1972)
Robert Frodeman
Erich Fromm (1900–1980)
Risieri Frondizi (1910–1983)
Marilyn Frye (born 1941)
Northrop Frye (1912–1991)
Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978)
Christopher Fynsk (born 1952)
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Dov Gabbay (born 1945)
Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)
Raimond Gaita (born 1946)
John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006)
Peter Galison (born 1955)
Shaun Gallagher (born 1948)
W. B. Gallie (1912–1998)
Jonardon Ganeri
Pieranna Garavaso
Daniel Garber (born 1949)
Patrick Gardiner (1922–1997)
John Gardner (1965–2019)
Jay L. Garfield (born 1955)
Ann Garry
Richard Gaskin (born 1960)
William H. Gass (1924–2017)
Moira Gatens (born 1954)
Christopher Gauker
Stephen Gaukroger (born 1950)
Gerald Gaus (1952–2020)
David Gauthier (born 1932)
Peter Geach (1916–2013)
Clifford Geertz (1926–2006)
Arnold Gehlen (1904–1976)
Ernest Gellner (1925–1995)
Ken Gemes
Tamar Gendler (born 1965)
Eugene Gendlin (1926–2017)
Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945)
Alexander George
Robert P. George (born 1955)
Volker Gerhardt (born 1944)
Lloyd P. Gerson (born 1948)
Bernard Gert (1934–2011)
Edmund Gettier (1927–2021)
Raymond Geuss (born 1946)
Alan Gewirth (1912–2004)
Rashid al-Ghannushi (born 1941)
Michael Ghiselin (born 1939)
Allan Gibbard (born 1942)
James J. Gibson (1904–1979)
Roger Gibson (1944–2015)
Margaret Gilbert (born 1942)
Langdon Gilkey (1919–2004)
Mary Louise Gill
Michael Allen Gillespie (born 1951)
Donald A. Gillies (born 1944)
Carol Gilligan (born 1936)
Neil Gillman (1933–2017)
Carl Ginet (born 1932)
Hannah Ginsborg
René Girard (1923–2015)
Valéry Giroux (born 1974)
Kristin Gjesdal
Michael Glanzberg
Ernst von Glasersfeld (1917–2010)
Simon Glendinning (born 1964)
Hans-Johann Glock (born 1960)
Jonathan Glover (born 1941)
Clark Glymour (born 1942)
Paul Gochet (1932–2011)
Kurt Gödel (1906–1978)
Peter Godfrey-Smith (born 1965)
Lydia Goehr (born 1960)
Philip Goff
Erving Goffman (1922–1982)
Warren Goldfarb (born 1949)
Peter Goldie (1946–2011)
Alvin Goldman (born 1938)
Lucien Goldmann (1913–1970)
Victor Goldschmidt (1914–1981)
Bernard R. Goldstein (born 1938)
Rebecca Goldstein (born 1950)
Dan Goldstick
Cornelius Golightly (1917–1976)
Jacob Golomb
Nicolás Gómez Dávila (1913–1994)
Alfonso Gómez-Lobo (1940–2011)
Robert E. Goodin (born 1950)
Robert Gooding-Williams (born 1953)
Nelson Goodman (1906–1998)
Paul Goodman (1911–1972)
Alison Gopnik (born 1955)
Lewis Gordon (born 1962)
André Gorz (1923–2007)
Paul Gottfried (born 1941)
Allan Gotthelf (1942–2013)
Anthony Gottlieb (born 1956)
T. A. Goudge (1910–1999)
Alvin Gouldner (1920–1980)
Trudy Govier (born 1944)
Jorge J. E. Gracia (1942–2021)
James Allen Graff (1937–2005)
L. Gordon Graham (born 1949)
Gérard Granel (1930–2000)
Gilles-Gaston Granger (1920–2016)
George Grant (1918–1988)
Ivor Grattan-Guinness (1941–2014)
Jesse Glenn Gray (1913–1977)
John Gray (born 1948)
A. C. Grayling (born 1949)
Hilary Greaves (born 1978)
John Greco
Celia Green (born 1935)
Karen Green
Leslie Green (born 1956)
Clement Greenberg (1909–1994)
Maxine Greene (1917–2014)
Patricia Greenspan
Mary J. Gregor (1928–1994)
Marjorie Grene (1910–2009)
Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988)
David Ray Griffin (born 1939)
James Griffin (1933–2019)
Allen Phillips Griffiths (1927–2014)
Paul E. Griffiths (born 1962)
Patrick Grim
Germain Grisez (1929–2018)
Jeroen Groenendijk (born 1949)
Elizabeth Grosz (born 1952)
Lori Gruen
Adolf Grünbaum (1923–2018)
Cynthia M. Grund (born 1956)
Félix Guattari (1930–1992)
Lisa Guenther
María José Guerra Palmero (born 1962)
Charles Guignon (1944–2020)
Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht (born 1948)
Gotthard Günther (1900–1984)
Anil Gupta (born 1949)
Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973)
David P. Gushee
W. K. C. Guthrie (1906–1981)
Samuel Guttenplan (born 1944)
Gary Gutting (1942–2019)
Paul Guyer (born 1948)
Abimael Guzmán (1934–2021)
Kwame Gyekye (1939–2019)
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Susan Haack (born 1945)
Jürgen Habermas (born 1929)
Peter Hacker (born 1939)
Ian Hacking (born 1936)
John Hadley (born 1966)
Ilsetraut Hadot (born 1928)
Pierre Hadot (1922–2010)
Ruth Hagengruber
Simon Hailwood
Volker Halbach (born 1965)
John Haldane (born 1954)
Bob Hale (1945–2017)
Edward J. Hall
Everett Hall (1901–1960)
Manly Palmer Hall (1901–1990)
Philip Hallie (1922–1994)
Joseph Halpern (born 1953)
Clive Hamilton (born 1953)
Stuart Hampshire (1914–2004)
Jean Elizabeth Hampton (1954–1996)
Byung-Chul Han (born 1959)
Gila Hanna
Alastair Hannay (born 1932)
Norwood Russell Hanson (1922–1967)
Sven Ove Hansson (born 1951)
Donna Haraway (born 1944)
Garrett Hardin (1915–2003)
Russell Hardin (1940–2017)
Sandra Harding (born 1935)
Michael Hardt (born 1960)
John E. Hare (born 1949)
R. M. Hare (1919–2002)
Elizabeth Harman
Gilbert Harman (1938–2021)
Graham Harman (born 1968)
Rom Harré (1927–2019)
Karsten Harries (born 1937)
Michael Harrington (1928–1989)
Errol Harris (1908–2009)
John Harris (born 1945)
Leonard Harris
Sam Harris (born 1967)
Tristan Harris (born 1984)
Zellig Harris (1909–1992)
John Harsanyi (1920–2000)
H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992)
David Bentley Hart (born 1965)
Verity Harte
David Hartman (1931–2013)
Robert S. Hartman (1910–1973)
Stephan Hartmann (born 1968)
Nancy Hartsock (1943–2015)
Van A. Harvey (1923–2021)
Sally Haslanger
Gary Hatfield
Stanley Hauerwas (born 1940)
John Haugeland (1945–2010)
Daniel M. Hausman (born 1947)
David Hawkins (1913–2002)
Katherine Hawley (1971–2021)
John Hawthorne (born 1964)
Matti Häyry (born 1956)
Jane Heal (born 1946)
Donald O. Hebb (1904–1985)
Jennifer Michael Hecht (born 1965)
Patrick Aidan Heelan (1926–2015)
John Heil (born 1943)
Klaus Heinrich (1927–2020)
Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976)
Virginia Held (born 1929)
Ágnes Heller (1929–2019)
Erich Heller (1911–1990)
Michał Heller (born 1936)
Futa Helu (1934–2010)
Carl Gustav Hempel (1905–1997)
Leon Henkin (1921–2006)
Robert J. Henle (1909–2000)
Dieter Henrich (1927–2022)
Michel Henry (1922–2002)
Will Herberg (1901–1977)
Barbara Herman (born 1945)
Jeanne Hersch (1910–2000)
Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972)
Mary Hesse (1924–2016)
Cressida Heyes (born 1970)
John Hick (1922–2012)
Stephen Hicks (born 1960)
Pamela Hieronymi
Alice von Hildebrand (born 1923)
Christopher S. Hill (born 1942)
Claire Ortiz Hill (born 1951)
Alison Hills
Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)
Christopher Hitchens (1949–2011)
Sarah Hoagland (born 1945)
Angie Hobbs (born 1961)
Richard Hocking (1906–2001)
Eric Hoffer (1902–1983)
Albert Hofstadter (1910–1989)
Martin Hollis (1938–1998)
Richard Holton
Ted Honderich (born 1933)
Axel Honneth (born 1949)
Sidney Hook (1902–1989)
Brad Hooker (born 1957)
bell hooks (1952–2021)
Jennifer Hornsby (born 1951)
Tamara Horowitz (1950–2000)
Oscar Horta (born 1974)
Paul Horwich (born 1947)
John Hospers (1918–2011)
Paulin J. Hountondji (born 1942)
George Hourani (1913–1984)
Colin Howson (1945–2020)
Hsu Fu-kuan (1903–1982)
Michael Huemer (born 1969)
Fiona Hughes
George Edward Hughes (1918–1994)
David Hull (1935–2010)
Paul Humphreys
Thomas Hurka (born 1952)
Susan Hurley (1954–2007)
Rosalind Hursthouse (born 1943)
Douglas Husak (born 1948)
Robert Maynard Hutchins (1899–1977)
John Hyman (born 1960)
Jean Hyppolite (1907–1968)
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Don Ihde (born 1934)
Ivan Illich (1926–2002)
Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (1924–1979)
Claude Imbert (born 1933)
Bernard Ryosuke Inagaki (born 1928)
Peter van Inwagen (born 1942)
Michael Inwood (1944–2021)
Luce Irigaray (born 1930)
Terence Irwin (born 1947)
William Irwin (born 1970)
Jenann Ismael
Veronica Ivy (born 1982)
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Frank Jackson (born 1943)
Jane Jacobs (1916–2006)
Rahel Jaeggi (born 1967)
Harry V. Jaffa (1918–2015)
Alison Jaggar (born 1942)
Pankaj Jain (born 1970)
Joy James (born 1958)
Susan James (born 1951)
Fredric Jameson (born 1934)
Dale Jamieson (born 1947)
Christopher Janaway
Erich Jantsch (1929–1980)
Grace Jantzen (1948–2006)
Nick Jardine (born 1943)
Katarzyna Jaszczolt (born 1963)
David Lyle Jeffrey
Richard C. Jeffrey (1926–2002)
Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins
Fiona Jenkins (born 1965)
Hans Joas (born 1948)
Alejandro Jodorowsky (born 1929)
Kyle Johannsen
Barbara Johnson (1947–2009)
Galen Johnson (born 1948)
Adrian Johnston
Mark Johnston
Hans Jonas (1903–1993)
Dorthe Jørgensen (born 1959)
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Shelly Kagan (born 1954)
Charles H. Kahn (born 1928)
Daniel Kahneman (born 1934)
Frances Kamm
Hans Kamp (born 1940)
Robert Kane (born 1938)
Abraham Kaplan (1918–1993)
David Kaplan (born 1933)
Barrie Karp (1945–2019)
Carol Karp (1926–1972)
Jerrold Katz (1932–2002)
Gordon D. Kaufman (1925–2011)
Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980)
Richard Kearney (born 1954)
Evelyn Fox Keller (born 1936)
David Kelley (born 1949)
Sean Dorrance Kelly
John G. Kemeny (1926–1992)
Andreas Kemmerling (born 1950)
Willmoore Kendall (1909–1967)
Duncan Kennedy (born 1942)
Anthony Kenny (born 1931)
Joseph Kerman (1924–2014)
Serene Khader
Ranjana Khanna
Mahmoud Khatami
Kim Hyung-suk (born 1920)
Jaegwon Kim (1934–2019)
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968)
Elselijn Kingma (born 1981)
Mark Kingwell (born 1963)
Robert Kirk (born 1933)
Richard Kirkham (born 1955)
Elizabeth Kiss (born 1961)
Patricia Kitcher (born 1948)
Philip Kitcher (born 1947)
Eva Kittay
Peter Kivy (1934–2017)
Stephen Cole Kleene (1909–1994)
Martha Klein
Peter D. Klein (born 1940)
Ursula Klein (born 1952)
Raymond Klibansky (1905–2005)
George Kline (1921–2014)
Brian Klug
Martha Kneale (1909–2001)
William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990)
David M. Knight (1936–2018)
Sue Knight
Joshua Knobe (born 1974)
Wilbur Knorr (1945–1997)
Dudley Knowles (1947–2014)
Adrienne Koch (1913–1971)
Hans Köchler (born 1948)
Joseph J. Kockelmans (born 1923)
Peter Koellner
Noretta Koertge
Arthur Koestler (1905–1983)
Sarah Kofman (1934–1994)
Erazim Kohák (1933–2020)
Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987)
Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968)
Leszek Kolakowski (1927–2009)
Katerina Kolozova (born 1969)
Milan Komar (1921–2006)
Charles De Koninck (1906–1965)
Milton R. Konvitz (1908–2003)
Robert C. Koons
Mario Kopić (born 1965)
Włodzimierz Julian Korab-Karpowicz (born 1953)
Hilary Kornblith
Stephan Körner (1913–2000)
Christine Korsgaard (born 1952)
Carolyn Korsmeyer (born 1950)
Kathrin Koslicki
Matthew Kramer (born 1959)
Otto Kraushaar (1901–1989)
Michael Krausz (born 1942)
Richard Kraut (born 1944)
Peter Kreeft (born 1937)
Georg Kreisel (1923–2015)
David Farrell Krell (born 1944)
Michael Kremer
Norman Kretzmann (1928–1998)
Saul Kripke (1940–2022)
Paul Oskar Kristeller (1905–1999)
Julia Kristeva (born 1941)
Irving Kristol (1920–2009)
Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (1909–1999)
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996)
Helga Kuhse
Quill Kukla
Bruce Kuklick (born 1941)
Kalevi Kull (born 1952)
İoanna Kuçuradi (born 1936)
Joel J. Kupperman (1936–2020)
Paul Kurtz (1925–2012)
Jonathan Kvanvig (born 1954)
Henry E. Kyburg Jr. (1928–2007)
Will Kymlicka (born 1962)
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Jacques Lacan (1901–1981)
John Lachs (born 1934)
Jennifer Lackey
Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1940–2007)
Jean Ladrière (1921–2007)
Cristina Lafont (born 1967)
Kaave Lajevardi (born 1971)
Imre Lakatos (1922–1974)
Karel Lambert (born 1928)
Corliss Lamont (1902–1995)
Mark Lance (born 1959)
Ludwig Landgrebe (1902–1991)
Helen S. Lang (1947–2016)
Rae Langton (born 1961)
François Laruelle (born 1937)
Christopher Lasch (1932–1994)
Serge Latouche (born 1940)
Bruno Latour (1947–2022)
Larry Laudan (born 1941)
Quentin Lauer (1917–1997)
Stephen Laurence
Albert Lautman (1908–1944)
Thelma Z. Lavine (1915–2011)
Stephen Law (born 1960)
Morris Lazerowitz (1907–1987)
Jonathan Lear (born 1948)
Dominique Lecourt (born 1944)
Michèle Le Dœuff (born 1948)
Bruce Lee (1940–1973)
Otis Hamilton Lee (1902–1948)
Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991)
Claude Lefort (1924–2010)
Brian Leftow (born 1956)
Keith Lehrer (born 1936)
Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994)
Wolfgang Leidhold (born 1950)
Werner Leinfellner (1921–2010)
Brian Leiter (born 1963)
Hannes Leitgeb (born 1972)
John Lemmon (1930–1966)
Mary Leng
James Lenman
Kathleen Lennon
James G. Lennox (born 1948)
Thomas Lepeltier (born 1967)
Robin Le Poidevin (born 1962)
Ernest Lepore (born 1950)
John A. Leslie (born 1940)
Sarah-Jane Leslie
Michael Leunig (born 1945)
Isaac Levi (1930–2018)
Michael Levin (born 1943)
Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995)
Joseph Levine (born 1952)
Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009)
Bernard-Henri Lévy (born 1948)
Tim Lewens (born 1974)
David Kellogg Lewis (1941–2001)
Hywel Lewis (1910–1992)
Dimitris Liantinis (1942–1998)
S. Matthew Liao (born 1972)
Suzanne Lilar (1901–1992)
Mark Lilla (born 1956)
George Lindbeck (1923–2018)
Hilde Lindemann
Rudolf Lingens (born 1918)
Alphonso Lingis (born 1933)
Øystein Linnebo (born 1971)
Leonard Linsky (1922–2012)
Gilles Lipovetsky (born 1944)
Arthur Lipsett (1936–1986)
Peter Lipton (1954–2007)
Christian List
Elisabeth Lloyd (born 1956)
Genevieve Lloyd (born 1941)
Sharon Lloyd (born 1958)
Barry Loewer (born 1945)
Knud Ejler Løgstrup (1905–1981)
Andrew Loke
Loren Lomasky
Alan Lomax (1915–2002)
Bernard Lonergan (1904–1984)
A. A. Long (born 1937)
R. James Long (born 1938)
Helen Longino (born 1944)
Béatrice Longuenesse (born 1950)
Bernard Loomer (1912–1985)
Beth Lord (born 1976)
Paul Lorenzen (1915–1995)
Jerzy Łoś (1920–1998)
E. J. Lowe (1950–2014)
Hermann Lübbe (born 1926)
John R. Lucas (1929–2020)
Thomas Luckmann (1927–2016)
Maria Lugones (1944–2020)
Peter Ludlow (born 1957)
Niklas Luhmann (1927–1998)
William Lycan (born 1945)
David Lyons (born 1935)
Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998)
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David Macarthur
William MacAskill (born 1987)
Neil MacCormick (1941–2009)
Dwight Macdonald (1906–1982)
Margaret MacDonald (1907–1956)
John MacFarlane
Peter K. Machamer (born 1942)
Tibor R. Machan (1939–2016)
Edouard Machery
Alasdair MacIntyre (born 1929)
Louis Mackey (1926–2004)
John Leslie Mackie (1917–1981)
Penelope Mackie
Catharine A. MacKinnon (born 1946)
Donald M. MacKinnon (1913–1994)
Fiona Macpherson (born 1971)
John Macquarrie (1919–2007)
Penelope Maddy (born 1950)
Marylin Maeso (born 1988)
Rosa María Rodríguez Magda (born 1957)
Bryan Magee (1930–2019)
Ofra Magidor
Lorenzo Magnani (born 1952)
Jane Maienschein (born 1950)
Catherine Malabou (born 1959)
David Malament (born 1947)
Norman Malcolm (1911–1990)
Malcolm X (1925–1965)
Mostafa Malekian (born 1956)
Merab Mamardashvili (1930–1990)
Maurice Mandelbaum (1908–1987)
Jon Mandle
Pierre Manent (born 1949)
Bonnie Mann (born 1961)
Kate Manne
Erin Manning (born 1969)
Harvey Mansfield (born 1932)
Ruth Barcan Marcus (1921–2012)
Michael Marder (born 1980)
John Marenbon (born 1955)
Henry Margenau (1901–1997)
Joseph Margolis (1924–2021)
Julián Marías (1914–2005)
Jean-Luc Marion (born 1946)
Odo Marquard (1928–2015)
Don Marquis (1935–2022)
Giacomo Marramao (born 1946)
Jill Marsden (born 1964)
Donald A. Martin (born 1940)
Jerry L. Martin
Michael G. F. Martin (born 1962)
Michael Lou Martin (1932–2015)
Richard Milton Martin (1916–1985)
Aloysius Martinich (born 1946)
Abraham Maslow (1908–1970)
Michelle Mason
Michela Massimi
Brian Massumi (born 1956)
Margaret Masterman (1910–1986)
Benson Mates (1919–2009)
Alexandre Matheron (1926–2020)
Freya Mathews
Bimal Krishna Matilal (1935–1991)
Wallace Matson (1921–2012)
Gareth Matthews (1929–2011)
Tim Maudlin (born 1958)
Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979)
George I. Mavrodes (1926–2019)
Rollo May (1909–1994)
Todd May (born 1955)
John Maynard Smith (1920–2004)
Ernst Mayr (1904–2005)
Wolfe Mays (1912–2005)
Noëlle McAfee
Linda López McAlister (1939–2021)
Herbert McCabe (1926–2001)
M. M. McCabe (born 1948)
John McCarthy (1927–2011)
Thomas A. McCarthy (born 1940)
Ron McClamrock
Rachel McCleary
James William McClendon Jr. (1924–2000)
John H. McClendon
Deirdre McCloskey (born 1942)
Sally McConnell-Ginet (born 1938)
John J. McDermott (1932–2018)
John McDowell (born 1942)
Colin McGinn (born 1950)
Marie McGinn
Mary Kate McGowan
Brian McGuinness (1927–2019)
Leemon McHenry
Ralph McInerny (1929–2010)
Alison McIntyre
Terence McKenna (1946–2000)
Robert McKim (born 1952)
Colin McLarty
Marshall McLuhan (1911–1980)
Jeff McMahan (born 1954)
Ernan McMullin (1924–2011)
Sterling M. McMurrin (1914–1996)
John McMurtry
Margaret Mead (1901–1978)
José Medina
Brian Herbert Medlin (1927–2004)
Paul E. Meehl (1920–2003)
Esther Meek
Quentin Meillassoux (born 1967)
Alfred Mele
David Hugh Mellor (1938–2020)
Eduardo Mendieta (born 1963)
Susan Mendus
Christia Mercer
Adèle Mercier (born 1958)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961)
Trenton Merricks
Thomas Merton (1915–1968)
Thomas Metzinger (born 1958)
Frank Meyer (1909–1972)
Leonard B. Meyer (1918–2007)
Diana Tietjens Meyers
Vincent Miceli (1915–1991)
Alex Michalos (born 1935)
Geoffrey Midgley (1921–1997)
Mary Midgley (1919–2018)
Stanley Milgram (1933–1984)
Alan Millar (born 1947)
David W. Miller (born 1942)
Fred Miller
George Armitage Miller (1920–2012)
Izchak Miller (1935–1994)
Perry Miller (1905–1963)
Elijah Millgram (born 1958)
Peter Millican (born 1958)
Ruth Millikan (born 1933)
Charles Wade Mills (1951–2021)
Charles Wright Mills (1916–1962)
Roberta Millstein
Jean-Claude Milner (born 1941)
Marvin Minsky (1927–2016)
Cheryl Misak
Christine Mitchell (born 1951)
Sandra Mitchell (born 1951)
Shaj Mohan
Jitendra Nath Mohanty (born 1928)
Annemarie Mol (born 1958)
George Molnar (1934–1999)
Ann M. Mongoven
Ray Monk (born 1957)
Richard Montague (1930–1971)
Alan Montefiore (born 1926)
Ernest Addison Moody (1903–1975)
Michele Moody-Adams
James H. Moor
A. W. Moore (born 1956)
Charles A. Moore (1901–1967)
Michael S. Moore
Dermot Moran
Richard Moran
Julius Moravcsik (1931–2009)
Max More (born 1964)
J. P. Moreland (born 1948)
Sidney Morgenbesser (1921–2004)
Marie-Eve Morin
Charles W. Morris (1901–1979)
Christopher W. Morris (born 1949)
Errol Morris (born 1948)
Herbert Morris (born 1928)
Margaret Morrison (1954–2021)
Adam Morton (1945–2020)
Timothy Morton (born 1968)
Paul Moser (born 1957)
Bob Moses (1935–2021)
Jesús Mosterín (1941–2017)
Mary Mothersill (1923–2008)
Mou Zongsan (1909–1995)
Chantal Mouffe (born 1943)
Richard Mouw (born 1940)
V. Y. Mudimbe (born 1941)
Walter George Muelder (1907–2004)
Stephen Mulhall (born 1962)
Vincent C. Müller
Kevin Mulligan (born 1951)
Stephen Mumford (born 1965)
Véronique Munoz-Dardé
Sachiko Murata (born 1943)
Iris Murdoch (1919–1999)
John E. Murdoch (1927–2010)
Murray Murphey (1928–2018)
Arthur Edward Murphy (1901–1962)
Nancey Murphy (born 1951)
John Courtney Murray (1904–1967)
Pauli Murray (1910–1985)
Alan Musgrave (born 1940)
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Arne Næss (1912–2009)
Yujin Nagasawa (born 1975)
Ernest Nagel (1901–1985)
Jennifer Nagel
Thomas Nagel (born 1937)
Debra Nails (born 1950)
Jean-Luc Nancy (1940–2021)
Meera Nanda (born 1954)
Uma Narayan (born 1958)
Jan Narveson (born 1936)
John Forbes Nash Jr. (1928–2015)
Hossein Nasr (born 1933)
Maurice Natanson (1924–1996)
Anthony Sean Neal
Stephen Neale(born 1958)
Karen Neander (1954–2020)
Antonio Negri (born 1933)
Oskar Negt (born 1934)
Alexander Nehamas (born 1946)
Susan Neiman (born 1955)
Paul Nelson (born 1958)
Nancy J. Nersessian
John von Neumann (1903–1957)
Robert Cummings Neville (born 1939)
Allen Newell (1927–1992)
Glen Newey (1961–2017)
Jay Newman (1948–2007)
William R. Newman (born 1955)
Huey P. Newton (1942–1989)
William Newton-Smith (born 1943)
Shaun Nichols (born 1964)
Eduardo Nicol (1907–1990)
Julian Nida-Rümelin (born 1954)
Martine Nida-Rümelin (born 1957)
Cynthia Nielsen
Kai Nielsen (1926–2021)
Nishitani Keiji (1900–1990)
David Shepherd Nivison (1923–2014)
Paul Nizan (1905–1940)
Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972)
Linda Nochlin (1931–2017)
Nel Noddings (1929–2022)
Alva Noë (born 1964)
Constantin Noica (1909–1987)
Ernst Nolte (1923–2016)
John T. Noonan Jr. (1926–2017)
Tore Nordenstam (born 1934)
Kathryn Norlock (born 1969)
Calvin Normore (born 1948)
Christopher Norris (born 1947)
David L. Norton (1930–1995)
John D. Norton (born 1953)
Kathleen Nott (1905–1999)
Robert Nozick (1938–2001)
Martha Nussbaum (born 1947)
Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922–1999)
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Lucy O'Brien (born 1964)
Mary O'Brien (1926–1998)
Peg O'Connor
Anthony O'Hear (born 1942)
Brian E. O'Neil (1921–1985)
Onora O'Neill (born 1941)
Michael Oakeshott (1901–1990)
Graham Oddie
David S. Oderberg
Jaishree Odin
Charles Kay Ogden
Ruwen Ogien
Samir Okasha
Susan Moller Okin (1946–2004)
Kelly Oliver (born 1958)
Revilo P. Oliver (1908–1994)
Alan M. Olson (born 1939)
Michel Onfray (born 1959)
Walter Jackson Ong (1912–2003)
Graham Oppy (born 1960)
Toby Ord (born 1979)
Gloria Origgi (born 1967)
Rocío Orsi (1976–2014)
Charles E. Osgood (1916–1991)
Blake Ostler (born 1957)
Konrad Ott (born 1959)
James Otteson (born 1968)
Albert Outler (1908–1989)
Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen (1922–1982)
Joseph Owens (1908–2005)
Susan Oyama (born 1943)
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Jesús Padilla Gálvez (born 1959)
Peter Pagin (born 1953)
Clare Palmer (born 1967)
Arthur Pap (1921–1959)
David Papineau (born 1947)
George Pappas (born 1942)
Derek Parfit (1942–2017)
Rohit Jivanlal Parikh (born 1936)
Adrian Parr (born 1967)
Charles Parsons (born 1933)
Terence Parsons (born 1939)
Barbara Partee (born 1940)
John Passmore (1914–2004)
Jan Patočka (1907–1977)
Paul R. Patton (born 1950)
L. A. Paul
David L. Paulsen (1936–2020)
Christopher Peacocke (born 1950)
David Pearce
David Pears (1921–2009)
Leonard Peikoff (born 1933)
Jean-Jacques Pelletier (born 1947)
Zbigniew Pełczyński (1925–2021)
Lorenzo Peña (born 1944)
Carlo Penco (born 1948)
Terence Penelhum (1929–2020)
Roger Penrose (born 1931)
Walker Percy (1916–1990)
Derk Pereboom (born 1957)
Carlos Pereda
Chaïm Perelman (1912–1984)
John Perry (born 1943)
Richard Stanley Peters (1919–2011)
Anna L. Peterson (born 1963)
Philip Pettit (born 1945)
Herman Philipse (born 1951)
D. Z. Phillips (1934–2006)
James Andrew Phillips
Giovanni Piana (1940–2019)
Alexander Piatigorsky (1929–2009)
Eva Picardi (1948–2017)
Gualtiero Piccinini (born 1970)
Hanna Pickard (born 1972)
Catherine Pickstock (born 1970)
Josef Pieper (1904–1997)
Jessica Pierce (born 1965)
Massimo Pigliucci (born 1964)
Adrian Piper (born 1948)
Robert B. Pippin (born 1948)
Madsen Pirie (born 1940)
Robert M. Pirsig (1928–2017)
George Pitcher (1925–2018)
Ullin Place (1924–2000)
John Plamenatz (1912–1975)
Alvin Plantinga (born 1932)
Mark de Bretton Platts (born 1947)
Evelyn Pluhar
Val Plumwood (1939–2008)
Deborah C. Poff
Thomas Pogge (born 1953)
Louis P. Pojman (1935–2005)
John L. Pollock (1940–2009)
Leonardo Polo (1926–2013)
Edward Pols (1919–2005)
Richard Polt
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K. J. Popma (1903–1986)
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Richard Posner (born 1939)
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Dag Prawitz (born 1936)
Huw Price (born 1953)
Graham Priest (born 1948)
Jesse Prinz
Arthur Prior (1914–1969)
Duncan Pritchard
James Pryor (born 1968)
Harry Prosch (1917–2005)
Alexander Pruss (born 1973)
James Pryor (born 1968)
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Lorenz Bruno Puntel (born 1935)
Hilary Putnam (1926–2016)
Ruth Anna Putnam (1927–2019)
Andrew Pyle (born 1955)
Zenon Pylyshyn (born 1937)
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Qiu Renzong (born 1933)
Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)
Philip L. Quinn (1940–2004)
Anthony Quinton (1925–2010)
Sayyid Qutb (1906–1966)
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Wlodek Rabinowicz (born 1947)
Eduardo Rabossi (1930–2005)
James Rachels (1941–2003)
Melvin Rader (1903–1981)
Karl Rahner (1904–1984)
Peter Railton (born 1950)
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Tariq Ramadan (born 1962)
Frank P. Ramsey (1903–1930)*
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Paul Ramsey (1913–1988)
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Ayn Rand (1905–1982)
Rose Rand (1903–1980)
William J. Rapaport
Anatol Rapoport (1911–2007)
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Andrew J. Reck (1927–2021)
Michael Redhead (1929–2020)
Jonathan Rée (born 1948)
Tom Regan (1938–2017)
Bernard Reginster
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Patricia Reif (1930–2002)
George Reisman (born 1937)
Nicholas Rescher (born 1928)
Michael Resnik (born 1938)
Greg Restall (born 1969)
Georges Rey (born 1945)
Rush Rhees (1905–1989)
Janet Radcliffe Richards (born 1944)
Henry S. Richardson (born 1955)
John Richardson (born 1951)
Radovan Richta (1924–1983)
Paul Ricœur (1913–2005)
Denise Riley (born 1948)
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Abraham Robinson (1918–1974)
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Howard Robinson (born 1945)
Jenefer Robinson
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Sebastian Rödl (born 1967)
Wendy Anne Rogers (born 1957)
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Robert Rynasiewicz
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Ali Shariati (1933–1977)
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Ariel Salleh
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Steve F. Sapontzis (born 1945)
Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (1921–1990)
Sahotra Sarkar (born 1962)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980)
Crispin Sartwell (born 1958)
Barbara Sattler (born 1974)
Debra Satz
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Sally Scholz (born 1968)
Mark Schroeder
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Dana Scott (born 1932)
Michael Scriven (born 1928)
Frithjof Schuon (1907–1998)
Reiner Schürmann (1941–1993)
Ofelia Schutte (born 1945)
Lisa H. Schwartzman (born 1969)
Steven Schwarzschild (1924–1989)
Eric Schwitzgebel
Charles E. Scott (born 1935)
Dana Scott (born 1932)
Carolina Scotto (born 1958)
Roger Scruton (1944–2020)
John Searle (born 1932)
Jeff Sebo (born 1983)
Sally Sedgwick
David Sedley (born 1947)
Thomas Seebohm (1934–2014)
Jerome Segal (born 1943)
Scott Sehon (born 1963)
Wilfrid Sellars (1912–1989)
Amartya Sen (born 1933)
Michel Serres (1930–2019)
Neven Sesardić (born 1949)
Russ Shafer-Landau (born 1963)
Oron Shagrir
Israel Shahak (1933–2001)
Timothy Shanahan (born 1960)
Stuart Shanker (born 1952)
Lawrence Shapiro
Lisa Shapiro (born 1967)
Scott J. Shapiro
Stewart Shapiro (born 1951)
A Satyanarayana Shastri (1925–2004)
Steven Shaviro (born 1954)
Dariush Shayegan (1935–2018)
Tommie Shelby (born 1967)
Susan Shell (born 1948)
Gila Sher
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Nancy Sherman (born 1951)
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Seana Shiffrin
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Judith N. Shklar (1928–1992)
Sydney Shoemaker (1931–2022)
Alexis Shotwell (born 1974)
Kristin Shrader-Frechette (born 1944)
Laurie Shrage
Henry Shue (born 1940)
Richard Shusterman (born 1949)
Frank Sibley (1923–1996)
Theodore Sider
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Susanna Siegel
John Silber (1926–2012)
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Anita Silvers (1940–2019)
May Sim (born 1962)
Alison Simmons (born 1965)
Keith Simmons
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William Angus Sinclair (1905–1954)
Irving Singer (1925–2015)
Marcus George Singer (1926–2016)
Peter Singer (born 1946)
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (born 1955)
Guy Sircello (1936–1992)
B. F. Skinner (1904–1990)
Lawrence Sklar (born 1938)
John Skorupski (born 1946)
Brian Skyrms (born 1938)
Christina Slade (born 1953)
Aaron Sloman (born 1936)
Michael Slote
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J. J. C. Smart (1920–2012)
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Timothy Smiley (born 1930)
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John Raymond Smythies (1922–2019)
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Nancy Snow
Scott Soames (born 1946)
Jordan Howard Sobel (1929–2010)
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Alan Soble (born 1947)
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Margaret Somerville (born 1942)
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Elizabeth V. Spelman
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Wolfgang Spohn (born 1950)
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Susanne Sreedhar
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Mark Steiner (1942–2020)
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Dejan Stojanović (born 1959)
Patrick Stokes (1978)
Martin Stokhof (born 1950)
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Alison Stone
Karola Stotz (1963–2019)
Jeffrey Stout (born 1950)
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Galen Strawson (born 1952)
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Sharon Street (born 1973)
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Edward Strong (1901–1990)
Barry Stroud (1935–2019)
Matthew Stuart
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Shannon Sullivan
Cass Sunstein (born 1954)
Anita Superson
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Patrick Suppes (1922–2014)
Stewart Sutherland (1941–2018)
Goran Švob (1947–2013)
Norman Swartz (born 1939)
William Sweet
Brendan Sweetman (born 1962)
Richard Swinburne (born 1934)
Thomas Szasz (1920–2012)
Edmond Bordeaux Szekely (1905–1979)
Peter Szendy (born 1966)
David Sztybel (born 1967)
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Javad Tabatabai (born 1945)
William W. Tait (born 1929)
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Charles Taliaferro (born 1952)
Robert B. Talisse (born 1970)
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Tang Junyi (1909–1978)
Torbjörn Tännsjö (born 1946)
Alfred Tarski (1901–1983)
John Tasioulas (born 1964)
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Charles Taylor (born 1931)
Gabriele Taylor (born 1927)
Kenneth Allen Taylor (1954–2019)
Paul C. Taylor (born 1967)
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Richard Taylor (1919–2003)
Jenny Teichman (1930–2018)
Larry Temkin
Placide Tempels (1906–1977)
Sergio Tenenbaum (born 1964)
Neil Tennant (born 1950)
Alice ter Meulen (born 1952)
Lisa Tessman
Eugene Thacker
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Irving Thalberg Jr. (1930–1987)
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Laurence Thomas (born 1949)
Amie Thomasson (born 1968)
Josiah Thompson (born 1935)
Patricia Thompson (1926–2016)
Paul B. Thompson
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Ole Thyssen (born 1944)
Valerie Tiberius
Pavel Tichý (1936–1994)
Claudine Tiercelin (born 1952)
Lynne Tirrell
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Julius Tomin (born 1938)
Rosemarie Tong (born 1949)
Michael Tooley (born 1941)
Roberto Torretti (born 1930)
Stephen Toulmin (1922–2009)
Cecilia Trifogli (born 1961)
Roger Trigg (born 1941)
Tsang Lap Chuen (born 1943)
Mpho Tshivhase
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Raimo Tuomela (1940–2020)
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Alan Turing (1912–1954)
Ray Turner (born 1947)
Stephen Park Turner (born 1951)
Joseph Tussman (1914–2005)
Michael Tye (born 1950)
Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (1923–2014)
U
Thomas Uebel (born 1952)
Peter Unger (born 1942)
Roberto Mangabeira Unger (born 1947)
Ivo Urbančič (1930–2016)
J. O. Urmson (1915–2012)
Alasdair Urquhart (born 1945)
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William F. Vallicella
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Herman Van Breda (1911–1974)
Bas van Fraassen (born 1941)
Tim van Gelder
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Jean Vanier (1928–2019)
Peter van Inwagen (born 1942)
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Peter Vardy (born 1945)
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Achille Varzi (born 1958)
Nicla Vassallo (born 1963)
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Henry Babcock Veatch (1911–1997)
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Eric Voegelin (1901–1985)
Candace Vogler
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Heinrich von Staden (born 1939)
Jules Vuillemin (1920–2001)
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Jeremy Waldron (born 1953)
Margaret Urban Walker (born 1948)
Mark Alan Walker (born 1963)
Ralph C. S. Walker (born 1944)
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W. H. Walsh (1913–1986)
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Kendall Walton (born 1939)
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Keith Ward (born 1938)
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Mary Warnock (1924–2019)
Karen J. Warren (1947–2020)
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Robin Waterfield (born 1952)
John W. N. Watkins (1924–1999)
John Leonard Watling (1923–2004)
Alan Watts (1915–1973)
Paul Watzlawick (1921–2007)
Helmut Wautischer
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Eugene Webb (born 1938)
Michel Weber (born 1963)
William Stone Weedon (1908–1984)
Simone Weil (1909–1943)
Rivka Weinberg
Joan Weiner
Jack Russell Weinstein (born 1969)
Paul Weiss (1901–2002)
Morris Weitz (1916–1981)
Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912–2007)
Philip Welch (born 1954)
Christopher Heath Wellman (born 1967)
Albrecht Wellmer (1933–2018)
Peter Wenz (born 1945)
Archibald Garden Wernham (1916–1989)
Cornel West (born 1953)
Robert B. Westbrook (born 1950)
Anthony Weston (born 1954)
Philip Wheelwright (1901–1970)
Rebecca Whisnant
Alan White (born 1951)
Alan R. White (1922–1992)
Morton White (1917–2016)
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Kyle Powys Whyte
Heather Widdows (born 1972)
Nettie Wiebe (born 1949)
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David Wiggins (born 1933)
Dan Wikler (born 1946)
John Daniel Wild (1902–1972)
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Kathy Wilkes (1946–2003)
Dallas Willard (1935–2013)
Cynthia Willett
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C. J. F. Williams (1930–1997)
Michael Williams (born 1947)
Timothy Williamson (born 1955)
Jan Willis (born 1948)
Amos N. Wilson (1940/41–1995)
Catherine Wilson (born 1951)
Jessica Wilson
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Mark Wilson (born 1947)
Robert Wilson (born 1964)
William C. Wimsatt (born 1941)
Peter Winch (1926–1997)
Richard Dien Winfield (born 1950)
Ajume Wingo
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William J. Winslade (born 1941)
Kwasi Wiredu (born 1931)
John Wisdom (1904–1993)
John Oulton Wisdom (1908–1993)
Charlotte Witt (born 1951)
Monique Wittig (1935–2003)
Karol Wojtyła (1920–2005)
Jan Woleński (born 1940)
Susan R. Wolf (born 1952)
Ursula Wolf (born 1951)
Jonathan Wolff (born 1959)
Robert Paul Wolff (born 1933)
Sybil Wolfram (1931–1993)
Elizabeth Wolgast (1929–2020)
Sheldon Wolin (1922–2015)
Richard Wollheim (1923–2003)
Nicholas Wolterstorff (born 1932)
David B. Wong
Allen W. Wood (born 1942)
David Wood (born 1946)
W. Hugh Woodin (born 1955)
Paul Woodruff (born 1943)
John Woods (born 1937)
Raphael Woolf
John Worrall (born 1946)
Mark Wrathall (born 1965)
Crispin Wright (born 1942)
Georg Henrik von Wright (1916–2003)
W. D. Wright (born 1936)
Jerzy Wróblewski (1926–1990)
Alison Wylie (born 1954)
Mark Wynn (born 1963)
Edith Wyschogrod (1930–2009)
X
Xu Liangying (1920–2013)
Y
Stephen Yablo
George Yancy (born 1961)
Keith Yandell (1938–2020)
Cemal Yıldırım (1925–2009)
Francis Parker Yockey (1917–1960)
John Howard Yoder (1927–1997)
John W. Yolton (1921–2005)
Robert M. Yost (1917–2006)
Arthur M. Young (1905–1995)
Damon Young (born 1975)
Iris Marion Young (1949–2006)
Julian Young (born 1943)
Robert M. Young (1935–2019)
Jiyuan Yu (1964–2016)
Z
Santiago Zabala (born 1975)
Richard Zach
Naomi Zack
Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski (born 1946)
Dan Zahavi (born 1967)
José Zalabardo (born 1964)
Edward N. Zalta (born 1952)
María Zambrano (1904–1991)
Marlène Zarader (born 1949)
Ingo Zechner (born 1972)
Eddy Zemach
John Zerzan (born 1943)
Zhou Guoping (born 1945)
Zygmunt Ziembiński (1920–1996)
Paul Ziff (1920–2003)
Robert Zimmer (born 1953)
Dean Zimmerman
Michael E. Zimmerman (born 1946)
Alexander Zinoviev (1922–2006)
Slavoj Žižek (born 1949)
Elémire Zolla (1926–2002)
Volker Zotz (born 1956)
François Zourabichvili (1965–2006)
Catherine Zuckert (born 1942)
Michael Zuckert (born 1942)
Rachel Zuckert (born 1969)
Estanislao Zuleta (1935–1990)
Alenka Zupančič (born 1965)
Jan Zwicky (born 1955)
See also
20th-century philosophy
List of philosophers born in the centuries BC
List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries
List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries
List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries
List of philosophers born in the 17th century
List of philosophers born in the 18th century
List of philosophers born in the 19th century
Notes
20
Lists of 20th-century people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20philosophers%20born%20in%20the%2020th%20century |
Emory Andrew Tate Jr. (December 27, 1958 – October 17, 2015) was an American chess international master. He was the father of Internet personality Andrew Tate.
Early life and education
Emory Andrew Tate Jr. was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 27, 1958. He grew up in a family of nine children. His father, Emory Andrew Tate Sr., was an attorney, and his mother, Emma Cox Tate, ran a truck-leasing business. Tate Jr. learned to play chess as a child. He served in the United States Air Force as a sergeant, where he "excelled as a linguist." Tate learned Spanish through being an exchange student in Mexico. He was "chosen to participate in the Indiana University Honors Program in Foreign Language, Spanish Division during the summer of 1975" and spent two months living with a Mexican family.
Chess
In 1993, Tate gave chess lessons to elementary school students in Goshen, Indiana, as part of a community school board program.
Tate's highest FIDE rating was 2413 on the October 2006 rating list, which made him the 72nd highest-rated player in the United States and among the top 2000 active players in the world. His peak USCF rating was 2508 on December 30, 1996. He received the International Master title in 2007, after earning his third norm at the 2006 World Open.
His older son, Andrew, said: "I never saw him study chess books, ever. He also hated chess computers and never used them. He just sat down and played."
Tate earned a reputation as a creative and dangerous tactician on the U.S. chess circuit, where he won about 80 tournament games against grandmasters. Tate won the United States Armed Forces Chess Championship five times. He won the Indiana state championship six times (1995, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007) and was inducted into the Indiana State Chess Hall of Fame in 2005. He also won the Alabama state championship in 2010. Fellow Air Force veteran and 2003 U.S. Armed Forces Chess Champion Leroy Hill said: "All the players had street names. Emory's was ‘Extraterrestrial’ because we thought his play was out of this world."
Personal life
In 1985, Tate married Eileen, an English woman. Together, they had three children, the oldest of whom was Andrew Tate.
The couple divorced in 1997, and his ex-wife returned to Luton, England with their children.
Death
On October 17, 2015, Tate died after suffering a heart attack during a tournament in Milpitas, California. After his death, a number of grandmasters and international masters wrote tributes to him. In 2016, the Alabama Senate passed a resolution "celebrating [his] life and legacy". Grandmaster Maurice Ashley described Tate as "a trailblazer for African-American chess".
References
Bibliography
External links
Biography of Emory Tate, Triple Exclam!!! The Life and Games of Emory Tate, Chess Warrior
1958 births
2015 deaths
Chess International Masters
People from Chicago
African-American chess players
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people
African-American United States Air Force personnel
Northwestern University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory%20Tate |
MBIA Inc. is an American financial services company. It was founded in 1973 as the Municipal Bond Insurance Association. It is headquartered in Purchase, New York, and as of January 1, 2015 had approximately 180 employees. MBIA is the largest bond insurer.
Functions of the company
MBIA is a monoline insurer primarily of municipal bonds and on asset-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities. Financial insurance or Financial Guarantees are a form of credit enhancement. It also provides a fixed-income asset management service with about US$40 billion under management.
History
A consortium of insurance companies (Aetna, Fireman's Fund, Travelers, Cigna, and Continental) formed the Municipal Bond Insurance Association in 1973 to diversify their holdings in municipal bonds. The company went public in 1987.
In 2002, Bill Ackman, a hedge fund manager, began research which concentrated on challenging MBIA's AAA rating, despite an ongoing probe of his trading by New York State and federal authorities. He was charged copying fees for copying 725,000 pages of statements regarding the financial services company, in his law firm's compliance with a subpoena. Ackman has called for a division between MBIA's bond insurers' structured finance business and their municipal bond insurance side, despite statements from the insurance companies that this would not be a viable option.
He argued that the billions of dollars of credit default swap (CDS) protection MBIA had sold against various mortgage backed CDOs was going to be a problem. He also argued that it was not proper for MBIA, which was legally restricted from trading in CDS, to instead do it through a second corporation, LaCrosse Financial Products, which MBIA described as an "orphaned subsidiary". Ackman bought CDS against MBIA corporate debt as a way to bet that it would crash. When MBIA did, in fact, crash as the financial crisis of 2007–2008 climaxed, he sold the swaps for a large profit. Ackman reportedly attempted to warn regulators, rating agencies and investors about the bond insurers' high risk business models. The story of Ackman's battle with MBIA was turned into a book called Confidence Game (Wiley, 2010) by Bloomberg News reporter Christine Richard. He reported covering his short position on MBIA on January 16, 2009 according to the 13D filed with the SEC.
In January 2017, MBIA UK was acquired by Assured Guaranty Ltd together with its subsidiary Assured Guaranty Corp.
Credit rating history
April 4, 2008. Fitch Ratings cut MBIA's Insurance Corp rating to AA from AAA with a negative outlook. Fitch issued the new, lower rating even though MBIA had asked the ratings company, the month before, to stop assessing its credit worthiness.
June 4, 2008. Moody's Investors Service announced that it would review MBIA's rating for possible downgrade for the second time in the year. Four months before this announcement, on February 2008, Moody's had affirmed the AAA rating after MBIA raised $2.6 bn in capital and announced that would stop insuring structured finance securities for six months.
June 6, 2008. Despite having affirmed MBIA's AAA rating on February 2008, Standard and Poor's decided to downgrade MBIA's Insurance Financial Strength (IFS) rating from AAA to AA.
June 19, 2008. Moody's downgraded MBIA's credit rating 5 notches to A2.
November 7, 2008. Moody's further downgraded the IFS rating to "Baa1" from "A2".
June 25, 2009. Moody's downgraded MBIA from "Ba3" to "Ba1" which is a speculative grade.
March 5, 2010. Moody's referred to MBIA's IFS rating as "B3".
November 19, 2012. Moody's downgraded MBIA Inc. from "B3" to "Caa1".
May 21, 2013. Moody's upgraded MBIA Inc. from "Caa1" to "B3".
May 21, 2014. Moody's upgraded MBIA Inc. from "Ba3" to "Ba1".
References
Smith, Dick P., "MBIA Inc. and MBIA Insurance Corp.", Standard & Poor's, Global Credit Portal : Ratings Direct, December 29, 2010
Further reading
Barr, Alistair, "Assured Guaranty, MBIA drop on rating concern : Standard & Poor’s proposes new ratings criteria for bond insurers", MarketWatch, January 25, 2011
Richard, Christine S., Confidence game : how a hedge fund manager called Wall Street’s bluff, Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley/John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.
External links
Company website
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Insurance companies of the United States
Companies based in New York City
Financial services companies established in 1973
1973 establishments in New York (state)
Financial services companies based in New York (state)
American companies established in 1973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBIA |
Fear, Emptiness, Despair is the fifth studio album by British grindcore band Napalm Death, released on 31 May 1994. Napalm Death's inclusion on the Mortal Kombat soundtrack brought significant exposure to the band and this album, alongside the fact that the band's label Earache had formed a partnership with Columbia Records which allowed the album to disseminate to a wider audience. RAW magazine listed Fear, Emptiness, Despair as one of the essential album of the 1990s.
In a 2017 interview, bassist Shane Embury listed the album as his least favourite of Napalm Death's discography, citing the division between the vocalist Barney Greenway and the remainder of the band, and the high corporate influence over the band during the album's production as factors that undermined the final result.
Musical style
Originally titled Under Rule, the album represented a stylistic transition for Napalm Death. Fear, Emptiness, Despair maintained the complex music structures of their previous albums Utopia Banished and Harmony Corruption, but there was a greater emphasis placed on incorporating elements of groove into the band's style, resulting in a wider use of mid-paced music. The group experimented a new compositional style: they started off with the drum beats and then layered the guitar riffs atop of the drum patterns Interview with Napalm Death. Bassist Shane Embury claims that Helmet and their album Strap It On influenced the band's style on this album. Other alternative rock groups that shaped Napalm Death's music during this transitional period were Soundgarden, Jane's Addiction and Sonic Youth, plus old favorites such as Discharge and Death.
Reception
In its first week of release Fear, Emptiness, Despair reached No. 22 in Billboard'''s Heatseekers chart. The inclusion of "Twist the Knife (Slowly)" in the Mortal Kombat soundtrack brought the band further acclaim. The soundtrack scored a Top 10 position on the Billboard 200 chart, and went platinum in less than a year. In the August 1995 edition of RAW Fear, Emptiness, Despair'' was featured in the magazine's 90 essential albums of the 1990s.
Track listing
Personnel
Napalm Death
Mark "Barney" Greenway – vocals
Jesse Pintado – guitar
Mitch Harris – guitar
Shane Embury – bass, random guitar noise
Danny Herrera – drums
Production personnel
Pete Coleman – production, engineering
Colin Richardson – remixing
Robin Grierson – photography
Graham Humphreys – design
Chart positions
References
Napalm Death albums
1994 albums
Earache Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear%2C%20Emptiness%2C%20Despair |
The Followers is the second of the Special Edition copies in Jude Watson's Jedi Apprentice series. It was released on April 1, 2002. Its story revolves around Obi-Wan Kenobi and Qui-Gon Jinn as Jedi prior to Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.
Plot
As an apprentice, Obi-Wan Kenobi faced off against the leader of a Sith cult. A generation later, he and his own apprentice, Anakin Skywalker, discover the cult still exists and it has plans for revenge that threatens the hearts of the Jedi.
External links
Official CargoBay Listing
2002 British novels
2002 science fiction novels
Star Wars: Jedi Apprentice
Star Wars Legends novels
English novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedi%20Apprentice%3A%20The%20Followers |
Styal railway station is near Manchester Airport in Cheshire, England.
History
The station was opened in 1909 with the construction of the line from Wilmslow to Manchester London Road (now Piccadilly).
It won numerous best-kept station garden awards in the 1940s and 1950s under stationmasters Mott, Hilton and Jackson. The garden is long abandoned, but there were plans to uncover and restore some of it in spring 2011.
A petition was created to seek a resumption of a morning commuter service to Manchester and daytime services to serve HMP Styal and National Trust Styal and local residents.
The station is on Station Road, 110 metres from the edge of the National Trust Quarry Bank Mill/Styal Estate and 600 metres from Styal Women's Prison and Young Offenders Institute.
Services
Styal enjoyed a half-hourly service in each direction until the mid-1990s. The construction of the airport rail link in 1993 saw services reduced with only 8 trains per day in each direction on Monday to Saturday. On Sundays there was a two hourly service in each direction. This was gradually reduced down to a skeletal Monday - Saturday service and no Sunday service. Improvements started to reappear from December 2008 following the West Coast upgrade programme.
Since May 2018, a major timetable revamp has seen the station gain an hourly service 7 days a week in both directions. Northbound trains run to and then Manchester Piccadilly, whilst southbound they either terminate at (evenings and Sundays) or continue to . Services through to Liverpool Lime Street only run now in the late evenings and on Sundays.
Services were temporarily suspended in summer 2020 and again in early 2021 due to amended timetables as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. Monday - Sunday services have been reinstated.
Further reading
References
External links
Friends of Styal Station website Giving news and history : access to petition
Crewe-Manchester Community Rail Partnership
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F1 stations
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1909
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styal%20railway%20station |
Hittin' the Note is the twelfth and final studio album by the American Southern rock group the Allman Brothers Band. Released through Sanctuary Records, it is their only studio album to include both slide guitar player Derek Trucks and bass player Oteil Burbridge and marks the full-time return of guitar player Warren Haynes to the band. It was also their only studio album not to include original guitarist Dickey Betts.
The track "Instrumental Illness" was nominated for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards, losing to "Plan B" from Jeff by Jeff Beck.
Background
The album was recorded live in the studio in New Jersey in December 2001 with lead vocal and minor overdubs recorded in early 2002. It was the first Allman recording co-produced by bandmember Haynes and Michael Barbiero. The album also marked the band's exit from Sony/Epic Records and was released jointly by Sanctuary Records and the band's Peach Records.
The album was met with critical acclaim but very limited radio airplay. Wall Street Journal, Allmusic, and Rolling Stone magazine each gave the record positive reviews. The track "Instrumental Illness" garnered two Grammy Award nominations in 2003 and 2004, both in the Best Rock Instrumental category.
Much of the record was written by the writing team of Gregg Allman and Warren Haynes. The band's history was not ignored: The structure of concert favorite "Desdemona" recalls that of "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed", while "High Cost of Low Living" features the guitarists quoting from other Allmans classics such as "Blue Sky", "Dreams", and "Mountain Jam". But the future is served too: The acoustic track "Old Friend" closes the album; including only Haynes and Derek Trucks, it is the only Allman Brothers Band track ever not to include an original member.
Critical reception
On AllMusic Thom Jurek wrote, "Hittin' the Note is the band's finest studio outing since Brothers and Sisters over 20 years before.... In sum, Hittin' the Note does exactly what its title claims – 11 tracks' worth and it burns on every one. This album is in-the-pocket, deep-grooving Allman Brothers Band blues-rock at its best."
In The Music Box John Metzger said, "... the Allman Brothers Band has persevered and with the release of its new album Hittin' the Note, the group has found a way to return to greatness. True, the departure of [Dickey] Betts is still felt throughout the album. More often than not, however, the ensemble rips into its new batch of songs with such intense force that all but the most diehard Betts fans won’t care one bit."
In Rolling Stone Parke Puterbaugh wrote, "These southern-rock road warriors' first studio album since 1994 is surprisingly solid: Returning guitarist Warren Haynes – the best axman to pass through the band since Duane Allman – plays with a steely, tensile power, while youngblood Derek Trucks... counterpoints with mellower, more even-keeled lines.... There's nothing radically new going on here, but the level of engagement is noteworthy."
Steven Hyden in PopMatters said, "It should go without saying that the playing on Hittin' the Note is uniformly excellent.... But if the songs are merely workmanlike, the easy roll and tumble of the ensemble playing is still highly enjoyable.... But there's a real warmth and sense of pleasure poring out of the laser-guided grooves here that comes from long-time mates locking into a groove and seeing where it takes them."
Track listing
"Firing Line" (Gregg Allman, Warren Haynes) – 5:17
"High Cost of Low Living" (Allman, Haynes, Jeff Anders, Ronnie Burgin) – 7:52
"Desdemona" (Allman, Haynes) – 9:20
"Woman Across the River" (Bettye Crutcher, Allen Jones) – 5:51
"Old Before My Time" (Allman, Haynes) – 5:23
"Who to Believe" (Haynes, John Jaworowicz) – 5:38
"Maydell" (Haynes, Johnny Neel) – 4:35
"Rockin' Horse" (Allman, Haynes, Allen Woody, Jack Pearson) – 7:23
"Heart of Stone" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) – 5:06
"Instrumental Illness" (Haynes, Oteil Burbridge) – 12:17
"Old Friend" (Haynes, Chris Anderson) – 6:12
Personnel
The Allman Brothers Band
Gregg Allman – Hammond B-3 organ, piano, clavinet, lead vocals
Butch Trucks – drums
Jaimoe – drums
Warren Haynes – lead, slide, acoustic, and acoustic slide guitars (left side), lead and background vocals
Marc Quiñones – congas, percussion
Oteil Burbridge – bass
Derek Trucks – lead, slide, and acoustic slide guitars (right side)
Production
Produced and mixed by Michael Barbiero and Warren Haynes
Engineer: Michael Barbiero
Assistant engineers: Reuben Kaller, Mike Scielzi
Mastering: Greg Calbi
Art direction, illustration: Hugh Syme
Design: Linda Yue
Photography: Danny Clinch, Dimo Safari, Kirk West
References
2003 albums
The Allman Brothers Band albums
Sanctuary Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittin%27%20the%20Note |
Marcel Bucard (7 December 1895 – 13 March 1946) was a French Fascist politician.
Early career
A decorated soldier who earned a reputation for bravery in World War I, Bucard became active in politics after 1918, initially as a member of Action française, an integralist monarchist far-right group, and later as a member of the overtly-fascist and anti-Semitic Faisceau of Georges Valois.
In September 1933, Bucard founded his own group, the Mouvement franciste, which was arguably the most extreme group and was financed by Benito Mussolini's government. During the 6 February 1934 crisis, the Francistes joined the other right-wing parties in the protests and riots in front of the Palais Bourbon provoked by the Stavisky Affair and accused of being intended as a coup d'état.
In 1936, the new Popular Front government banned his movement and all other right-wing "leagues", fascist or otherwise, and Bucard was briefly imprisoned. His attempt to recreate the movement as a party (Parti franciste) in 1938 had little success, and it was outlawed as well.
World War II
After the Fall of France during World War II and the start of Nazi Germany's occupation of France and of Vichy France, Bucard's Parti was again active (from 1941), now as a collaborationist force. Bucard called upon his Francists to give whatever support they could to the Germans, including military intelligence and information on the Resistance. His role in the period was, however, limited, as he was usually absent since he suffered from old wounds. He was still a co-founder of the Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchevisme. After the Normandy landings, he argued that Francists should join the French Waffen SS or French/foreign units in the National Socialist Motor Corps or the Kriegsmarine.
Death
In 1946, after the German defeat, Bucard was sentenced to death for treason, and a month later executed by firing squad at the Fort de Châtillon. At his trial, the prosecutor, Vassart, accused the Francists of routinely infiltrating French resistance groups to betray them to the Germans, of numerous crimes, including the murder of opponents and violently resisting French police even before the Liberation, and Bucard was blamed for the deaths of Soviet and French combatants because of his wholehearted support for the German occupier and his recruitment activities on behalf of the LVF, the Milice and the French Waffen SS.
References
1895 births
1946 deaths
People from Val-d'Oise
French military personnel of World War I
Executed politicians
French fascists
People affiliated with Action Française
Nazi collaborators shot at the Fort de Châtillon
French anti-communists
Executed people from Île-de-France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel%20Bucard |
An ekkyklêma or eccyclema (; ; "roll-out machine") was a wheeled platform rolled out through a skênê in ancient Greek theatre. It was used to bring interior scenes out into the sight of the audience. Some ancient sources suggest that it may have been revolved or turned.
It is mainly used in tragedies for revealing dead bodies, such as Hippolytus' dying body in the final scene of Euripides' play of the same name, or the corpse of Eurydice draped over the household altar in Sophocles' Antigone. Other uses include the revelation in Sophocles' Ajax of Ajax surrounded by the sheep he killed whilst under the delusion that they were Greeks. The ekkyklêma is also used in comedy to parody the tragic effect. An example of this is in Aristophanes' Thesmophoriazusae when Agathon, portrayed as an effeminate, is wheeled onstage on an ekkyklêma to enhance the comic absurdity of the scene.
References
Sources
Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy. 2003. History of the Theatre. Ninth edition, International edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. .
Csapo, Eric, and William J. Slater. 1994. The Context of Ancient Drama. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P. .
Davidson, John. 2005. "Theatrical Production." In Gregory (2005, 194–211).
Goldhill, Simon. 2007. How to Stage Greek Tragedy Today. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. .
Gregory, Justina, ed. 2005. A Companion to Greek Tragedy. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World ser. Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell. .
Ley, Graham. 2007. The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy: Playing Space and Chorus. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. .
Rehm, Rush. 1992. Greek Tragic Theatre. Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New York: Routledge. .
Ancient Greek theatre | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekkyklema |
Douglas Tyndall Wright, (October 4, 1927 – May 21, 2020) was a Canadian civil engineer, civil servant, and university administrator.
Wright was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Etta Frances Tyndall and George Charles Wright. He received a B.A.Sc. from the University of Toronto in 1949, a Master of Science degree in 1952 from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and a Ph.D. from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1954. In 1954, he joined the Department of Civil Engineering at Queen's University becoming Associate Professor by 1958. In 1958, he became a Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Waterloo. He was Chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering from 1958 to 1963 and was Dean of the Faculty of Engineering from 1959 to 1966.
From 1967 to 1972, he was the Chairman of the Committee on University Affairs for the Province of Ontario. From 1969 to 1972, he was the Chairman of the Commission on Post Secondary Education in Ontario. From 1972 to 1979, he was Deputy Provincial Secretary for Social Development and from 1979 to 1980, he was Deputy Minister of Culture and Recreation. From 1981 to 1993, he was the President, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Waterloo. From 1995 to July 2007, he was a member of the Board of Directors of Research in Motion, Bell Canada, Meloche Monnix Insurance, London Life Insurance Company, Perimeter Institute, Stratford Festival, McMichael Canadian Art Collection and many more.
In 1991, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1993, he was made a Knight (chevalier) in France's Ordre National du Mérite. In 1995, he received the Sir John Kennedy Medal from the Engineering Institute of Canada. He was a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and of the Engineering Institute of Canada. He received honorary degrees from Carleton University, Brock University, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Concordia University, Northeastern University, Strathclyde University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Université de Sherbrooke, Queen's University, McMaster University, University of Toronto, and the University of Waterloo.
He died on May 21, 2020.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
Dr. D.T. Wright - President 1981-1993, President Emeritus
1927 births
2020 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Canadian academics in engineering
20th-century Canadian civil servants
Canadian university and college faculty deans
Presidents of the University of Waterloo
Officers of the Order of Canada
Fellows of the Engineering Institute of Canada
Engineers from Toronto
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Directors of BlackBerry Limited | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Tyndall%20Wright |
Food Conspiracy is a term applied to a movement begun in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1968 in which households pooled their resources to buy food in bulk from farmers and small wholesalers and distribute it cheaply. The name came to describe a loose network of autonomous collectives which shared common values and, in many cases, suppliers. Many participants were seeking an alternative to supermarkets and became involved to obtain direct control of the quality and type of food they were sourcing, with a strong focus on wholefoods and organic produce.
The adoption of the name 'food conspiracy' has been described by a participant as a "response to the Nixon-Agnew rhetoric of the time (which) had us all as communist conspirators against the state, the war and public morality."
Many leaflets circulated encouraging participation and a short how-to guide was published, 'The Great Food Buying Conspiracy', which offered a route map to sourcing fresh fruit and vegetables, cheese and organic dry goods. For fresh produce, monies would be pooled at a weekly order meeting and volunteers would then make an early morning visit to the wholesale vegetable market in Oakland or San Francisco to buy boxes and crates of organically grown fruits and vegetables. These would be returned to a central location, often a members' home, and made ready for collection later in the morning. In this way, members could achieve savings of up to 50%.
A key feature of each Food Conspiracy group was staying small, a situation maintained by groups splitting when reaching a certain size rather than keep on growing. Thus, the initial Berkeley conspiracy, established in 1969, had become eight distinct groups within less than a year and, by 1974, there were 60 conspiracies in the city with around 2,000 members. The scale of the groups tended to help ensure a high level of direct involvement in the practical roles required for its operation. Indeed, The Food Conspiracy Cookbook (1974) argues that "Conspiracies only work if all who benefit take an active part in its working and decisions."
In addition to investigating potential suppliers, key operating tasks would include compiling a listing of available goods, collating member orders, receiving and recording payments, picking up produce from growers, hosting deliveries from wholesalers, checking-in deliveries and weighing and assembling individual orders ready for collection by members. A group would collectively decide whether or not to apply a modest fee or add-on to build a small surplus to use for shared benefit.
Over time, some food conspiracies went on to formalise as food cooperatives, bulk and natural foods distributors or developed as larger buying groups with a paid organiser. However, the conspiracy model - then and now - seeks to provide food to members by accomplishing all needed tasks collectively, without paid staff or a store front presence.
The trading name "Food Conspiracy" is used by a long-established wholefood co-op in Tucson, Arizona which originated in 1971 with local political activists who formed a buying club to address difficulties in finding natural and organic food. The following year, it opened a storefront and since 1974 has operated from its present home at 412 N. Fourth Avenue. Originally run as a workers' collective, it later developed toward a consumer cooperative model. Today it provides a full-service food market, open to the public and with approximately 1,800 member-owners.
References
Further reading
Food Conspiracy Cookbook SF: 101 Productions, 1974.
San Francisco Chronicle, March 8, 2000. Food Section
Other Avenues Are Possible: Legacy of the People's Food System of the San Francisco Bay Area, by Shanta Nimbark Sacharoff (2016)
External links
Food Conspiracy (Tucson) web site
Food cooperatives in the United States
Food and drink in the San Francisco Bay Area | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20conspiracy |
This is a list of plants found in the wild in Pantanal vegetation of Brazil.
Aizoaceae
Glinus radiatus Rohrb.
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L.
Amaranthus lividus ssp. polygonoides L.
Froelichia procera (Seub.) Pedersen
Gomphrena elegans var elegans Mart.
Iresine macrophylla R.E.Fr.
Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen
Amaryllidaceae
Alstroemeria cf. psittacina Lehm.
Hippeastrum belladonna L.
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil.
Astronium fraxinifolium Schott
Myracrodruon urundeuva M.Allemão
Schinopsis balansae Engl.
Spondias lutea L.
Annonaceae
Annona coriacea Mart.
Annona cornifolia A.St.-Hil.
Annona dioica A.St.-Hil.
Annona phaeoclados Mart.
Duguetia furfuracea (A.St.-Hil.) Benth. et Hook.f.
Rollinia emarginata Schltdl.
Unonopsis lindmanii R.E.Fr.
Xylopia aromatica Mart.
Apocynaceae
Aspidosperma parvifolium A.DC.
Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Müll.Arg.
Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schicht.
Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart.
Bonafousia siphilitica (L.f.) L.Allorge
Forsteronia pubescens A.DC.
Hancornia speciosa Gomes
Himatanthus obovatus (Müll.Arg.) Woodson
Macrosiphonia petraea Kuntze
Prestonia coalita (Vell.) Woodson
Rhabdadenia pohlii Müll.Arg.
Rhodocalyx rotundifolius Müll.Arg.
Secondatia densiflora A.DC.
Thevetia bicornuta Müll.Arg.
Bignoniaceae
Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith
Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl.
Handroanthus heptaphyllus
Clusiaceae
Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc.
See also
List of plants of Amazon Rainforest vegetation of Brazil
List of plants of Atlantic Forest vegetation of Brazil
List of plants of Caatinga vegetation of Brazil
List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil
Official list of endangered flora of Brazil
References
Lorenzi, Harri (1992) Árvores Brasileiras (Brazilian Trees) Nova Odessa: Plantarum.
POTT, A. POTT, V.J. (1994) Plantas do Pantanal. (Plants of Pantanal) EMBRAPA p.
Pantanal
Environment of Mato Grosso
Environment of Mato Grosso do Sul
Pantanal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20plants%20of%20Pantanal%20vegetation%20of%20Brazil |
Mary Stolz (born Mary Slattery, March 24, 1920 – December 15, 2006) was an American writer of fiction for children and young adults. She received the 1953 Child Study Association of America's Children's Book Award for In a Mirror, Newbery Honors in 1962 for Belling the Tiger and 1966 for The Noonday Friends, and her entire body of work was awarded the George G. Stone Recognition of Merit in 1982.
Her literary works range from picture books to young-adult novels. Although most of Stolz's works are fiction books, she made a few contributions to magazines such as Cosmopolitan, Ladies' Home Journal, and Seventeen.
Biography
Early life
Mary Slattery was born on March 24, 1920, in Boston, Massachusetts. Raised in Manhattan, she attended the Birch Wathen School and served as assistant editor of her school magazine, Birch Leaves. She attended Columbia University from 1936 to 1938 and the Katherine Gibbs School.
Marriage and children
At age 18, she married and had one son, Bill. Chronic pain from arthritis worsened and she was housebound by 1949. During this time she began writing to occupy her time and ultimately drafted her first novel, To Tell Your Love (1950), on yellow legal pads. She divorced in 1956. Under doctor Thomas C. Jaleski's care, her disabling symptoms resolved and in 1965, she married Dr. Jaleski.
Career
To Tell Your Love brought Ms. Stolz into the stable of children's book editor Ursula Nordstrom. Mary Stolz admired Ursula Nordstrom, describing her as "a great editor...she reads a manuscript lovingly, but firmly, and I trust her judgement absolutely." She stayed with the Harper publishing company for much of her career, through its incarnations from Harper & Brothers to the present-day HarperCollins. Ms. Stolz wrote one book for adults, Truth and Consequence.
Death and afterward
Ms. Stolz died in Longboat Key, Florida.
Works
Children's fiction
The Leftover Elf (1952)
Emmett's Pig (1959)
A Dog on Barkham Street (1960)
Belling the Tiger (1961)
The Great Rebellion (1961)
Frédou (1962)
Pigeon Flight (1962)
The Bully of Barkham Street (1963)
Siri the Conquistador (1963), Harper & Row
The Mystery of the Woods (1964)
The Noonday Friends (1965)
Maximilian's World (1966)
A Wonderful, Terrible Time (1967)
Say Something (1968)
The Story of a Singular Hen and Her Peculiar Children (1969)
The Dragons of the Queen (1969)
Juan (1970)
Lands End (1974)
Ferris Wheel (1977)
Cider Days (1978),
Cat Walk (1983)
The Explorer of Barkham Street (1985),
Quentin Corn (1985)
Night of Ghosts and Hermits: Nocturnal Life on the Seashore (1985)
Ivy Larkin (1986)
The Cuckoo Clock (1987)
The Scarecrows and Their Child (1987)
Storm in the Night (1988)
Bartholomew Fair (1990)
Stealing Home (1992)
Coco Grimes (1994)
A Ballad of the Civil War (1997)
Cezanne Pinto: A memoir (1997)
Casebook of a Private (Cat’s) Eye (1999)
Young adult fiction
To Tell Your Love (1950)
The Sea Gulls Woke Me (1951)
The Organdy Cupcakes (1951) - republished as Student Nurse
In a Mirror (1953)
Ready or Not (1953)
Pray Love, Remember (1954)
Rosemary (1955)
The Beautiful Friend and Other Stories (1956)
Hospital Zone (1956)
The Day and the Way We Met (1956),
Because of Madeline (1957)
Good-By My Shadow (1957)
And Love Replied (1958)
Second Nature (1958)
Some Merry-Go-Round Music (1959)
Wait for Me, Michael (1961)
Who Wants Music on Monday? (1963)
A Love, or a Season (1964) - first published as Two by Two
And Love Replied (1966),
A Wonderful, Terrible Time (1967)
By the Highway Home (1971),
Leap Before You Look (1972)
The Edge of Next Year (1974)
Cat in the Mirror (1975)
Go and Catch a Flying Fish (1979),
What Time of Night Is It? (1981)
Pangur Ban (1988)
Adult fiction
Truth and Consequence (1953)
Awards
1953 Child Study Children's Book Award, In a Mirror
1962 American Library Association (ALA) Newbery Honor, Belling the Tiger
Boys' Club Junior Book Award, The Bully of Barkham Street
1966 Newbery Honor, 'The Noonday Friends
National Book Award finalist, The Edge of Next Year
Boston Globe-Horn Book Award honor book, The Edge of Next Year
1982 George G. Stone Center Recognition Of Merit, entire body of work
1993 Kerlan Award
See also
References
External links
Mary Stolz: The New York State Literary Tree
Mary Stolz Papers in the De Grummond Children's Literature Collection — with biographical note
Interview with Mary Stolz about winning the 1993 Kerlan Award, All About Kids! TV Series #137 (1993)
1920 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American children's writers
American women novelists
Columbia University alumni
Newbery Honor winners
Novelists from Boston
20th-century American women writers
Gibbs College alumni
Birch Wathen Lenox School alumni
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Stolz |
Broom Bridge (Irish: Droichead Broome), also called Broome Bridge, and sometimes Brougham Bridge, is a bridge along Broombridge Road which crosses the Royal Canal in Cabra, Dublin, Ireland. Broome Bridge is named after William Broome, one of the directors of the Royal Canal company who lived nearby.
It is famous for being the location where Sir William Rowan Hamilton first wrote down the fundamental formula for quaternions on 16 October 1843, which is to this day commemorated by a stone plaque on the northwest corner of the underside of the bridge. After being spoiled by the action of vandals and some visitors, the plaque was moved to a different place, higher, under the railing of the bridge.
The text on the plaque reads:
Here as he walked by
on the 16th of October 1843
Sir William Rowan Hamilton
in a flash of genius discovered
the fundamental formula for
quaternion multiplication
& cut it on a stone of this bridge.
Given the historical importance of the bridge with respect to mathematics, mathematicians from all over the world have been known to take part in the annual commemorative walk from Dunsink Observatory to the site. Attendees have included Nobel Prize winners Murray Gell-Mann, Steven Weinberg and Frank Wilczek, and mathematicians Sir Andrew Wiles, Sir Roger Penrose and Ingrid Daubechies. The 16 October is sometimes referred to as Broomsday (in reference to Broome Bridge) and as a nod to the literary commemorations on 16 June (Bloomsday in honour of James Joyce).
In Literature
Broom Bridge, named as Brougham Bridge, along with Hamilton's eureka moment, are mentioned in the Thomas Pynchon novel Against the Day.
References
Further reading
External links
Broom Bridge at National Inventory of Architectural Heritage
Bridges in Dublin (city) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom%20Bridge |
Re:covered was a music television show broadcast in the UK on BBC Choice in 2002 and hosted by Dermot O'Leary. Each of the ten half-hour shows featured three bands or artists who, in turn, played two songs – a current track of their own, and a cover version of their choice.
A Re:covered Elvis special left this usual format with artists performing just Elvis tracks – including The Flaming Lips performing Suspicious Minds, Sugababes performing Hound Dog and McAlmont and Butler performing Burning Love.
References
External links
2002 British television series debuts
2003 British television series endings
2000s British music television series
BBC Television shows
English-language television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%3Acovered |
Barkan () is an Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank, about 8 km west of the Palestinian city of Salfit, under the administrative local government of the Shomron Regional Council. In its population was .
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
History
Founded in June 1981 by secular Israelis from the Beitar and Herut movements, Barkan is part of a chain of settlements built along the Trans-Samaria Highway, and adjacent to the Barkan Industrial Park. The park, established in 1982, has 120 businesses and factories manufacturing plastics, metal-work, food, textile, and more. Of the 5,000 workers, 90% are Palestinian Arabs.
According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from two Palestinian villages in order to construct Barkan: 167 dunams from Qarawat Bani Hassan, and 353 dunams from Sarta.
"Barkan" is called after the Hebrew name of the Syrian thistle. The original name of the town was Beit Abba after Abba Ahimeir, a leader of the Lehi.
Archaeology
An archeological site east of the town contains remnants of an Israelite settlement during the time of the first and second temples.
See also
Barkan Industrial Park
References
External links
Menachem Brody's photos of Barkan
Non-religious Israeli settlements
Populated places established in 1981
1981 establishments in the Israeli Military Governorate
Israeli settlements in the West Bank | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkan |
Scott Anthony Seabol (born May 17, 1975, in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, United States) is a former Major League Baseball player.
He made his major league debut on April 8, , with the New York Yankees, but only for a single game. After a short time in the Milwaukee Brewers farm system, he signed with the St. Louis Cardinals on May 27, 2003, and was assigned to their AAA team, the Memphis Redbirds in the Pacific Coast League. After an injury to Scott Rolen, Seabol was promoted from Memphis and played several positions with the Cardinals in a backup role, primarily third base. In , he was signed by the Florida Marlins and invited to spring training as a non-roster invitee. Seabol was assigned to the Marlins' AAA team, the Albuquerque Isotopes, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the Pacific Coast League. In early July, 2006, his contract was sold to the Kia Tigers of the Korean Professional Baseball League, causing him to miss the AAA All-Star game, to which he had been selected. In December , Seabol signed with the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of the Japanese Professional Baseball League for the season. His contract was not renewed by the Carp after the 2009 season, and he became a free agent.
Scott played junior college baseball at Allegany Community College and college baseball for the West Virginia Mountaineers. In high school, he played at South Allegheny Middle/Senior High School in Liberty Boro, Pennsylvania. He is one of five former Trojans to make it to the major leagues. The others are John Kruk, Joe Beimel, Stan Belinda, and Steve Kline.
He was drafted by the New York Yankees in the 88th round of the 1996 Major League Baseball draft. When he made his major league debut with the Yankees in 2001, he became the lowest drafted player ever to make it all the way to the major leagues. That record has since been broken by other players.
Trivia
In , Seabol had a 35-game hitting streak while a member of the minor league Greensboro Bats, then affiliated with the New York Yankees. It was the fourth-longest in minor league history.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization
1975 births
Living people
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Major League Baseball third basemen
Oneonta Yankees players
Greensboro Bats players
Norwich Navigators players
Columbus Clippers players
Indianapolis Indians players
Memphis Redbirds players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
St. Louis Cardinals players
New York Yankees players
West Virginia Mountaineers baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Hiroshima Toyo Carp players
KBO League infielders
American expatriate baseball players in South Korea
Kia Tigers players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Seabol |
Roverud is a village in Kongsvinger Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about north of the town of Kongsvinger on the east side of the river Glomma. The village has a grocery store, a grade school, offices, elder care facilities, and Roverud Church.
The village has a population (2021) of 769 and a population density of .
History
The area around Roverud had little significance apart from the medieval Berger Church which stood for many years (today the place is called Vestre Berger). Later, after the church was closed, people used the Brandval Church further north.
The road between Kongsvinger and Elverum went along the west side of the river Glomma across the river from Roverud until it reached the village of Brandval, but that changed when a bridge was built at Kongsvinger in 1855, after which traffic also went up the east side of the river. Roverud then became a central point for moving timber out of the Finnskogen region. The road from Svullrya over the mountains to Lundersæter was constructed from 1866 to 1870, and shortly thereafter that road from Lundersæter to Øyermoen on the Swedish border was completed.
The arrival of the railroad breathed life into Roverud. The Roverud Station on the Solørbanen railway line became operational in 1893, and it became one of the most important stations for the handling of timber from the Finnskogen area.
In 1936, Johannes Een moved from Voss to Roverud. In Roverud, he established the firm Brødrene Een A/S which produced his own patented lathwork shutters (). These shutters were a great success and were shipped throughout the country. Brødrene Een A/S then became one of the countries first producers of ready-made buildings. After World War II, the company became producers of ready-made housing as well.
Notable people
Bjørge Stensbøl, former head of the Norwegian Olympic sport program
Even Pellerud, soccer coach
References
Kongsvinger
Villages in Innlandet
Populated places on the Glomma River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roverud |
A "cup of coffee" is a North American sports idiom for a short time spent by a minor league player at the major league level. The idea behind the term is that the player was only in the big leagues long enough to have a cup of coffee before being returned to the minors. The term originated in baseball and is extensively used in ice hockey, both of whose professional leagues (MLB and the NHL) utilize extensive farm systems; it is rarely used in basketball or American football since neither the NBA nor NFL have implemented a true farm system.
One example of how this term is used in a sentence was during the 1996 film The Fan, in which Robert De Niro's character, a middle-aged former pitcher, says, "I was in the bigs for a cup of coffee myself until my arm went south."
Notable baseball cups of coffee
One well-known variant of the cup of coffee is the September call-up, in which major-league clubs call up additional players to the big leagues from the minors on September 1. Before the 2020 season, active major-league rosters expanded from 25 players to 40; from 2020 forward, rosters will expand only from 26 to 28. This is, by definition, a cup of coffee, because September is the last month of the baseball season. Notable players who made their debuts in September include Baseball Hall of Fame players Mike Piazza (21 games for the Los Angeles Dodgers in its 1992 season), and Ryne Sandberg (13 games with the 1981 Philadelphia Phillies).
Francisco Rodríguez made his big-league debut by pitching 5 innings in September for the Anaheim Angels. Included on the Angels' postseason roster as a replacement for an injured player, he won five playoff games for Anaheim and helped them to a victory in the 2002 World Series, all before he won a regular-season game in the majors (though, as a closer, it would be rare for Rodríguez to be credited with a win).
Another famous baseball player who made his debut with a cup of coffee was Shoeless Joe Jackson, who played five games in 1908, five more in 1909, and twenty games in 1910 before finally making the bigs for good in 1911.
Players listed by Bill James as having had particularly impressive September call-up performances, and who had long careers, were Stan Musial, who hit .426 in 47 at bats in 1941; Fred Lynn, who hit .419 in 43 at bats in 1974; and J. D. Drew, who hit .417 with 5 home runs, a .972 slugging percentage, and a 1.436 on-base plus slugging percentage in 36 at bats for the 1998 St. Louis Cardinals.
For many players, a cup of coffee is all they ever get in the major leagues. Notable cups of coffee include:
Walter Alston. Alston struck out in his only career at-bat for the 1936 St. Louis Cardinals. He later managed the Dodgers for 23 years in Brooklyn and Los Angeles, winning seven pennants and four World Series championships. He entered the Baseball Hall of Fame in .
Joe Nuxhall. Nuxhall appeared in one game for the 1944 Cincinnati Reds at the age of 15, during a time when the manpower requirements of World War II were making it more challenging for Major League clubs to fill out their rosters. Nuxhall is the youngest player ever to appear in a big-league baseball game. He then came back to the majors in 1952 and had a 14-year playing career, and spent the rest of his life as part of the Reds broadcast team.
Detroit Tigers replacement team. When Ty Cobb was suspended for fighting a fan in the stands, sixteen members of the Tigers voted to go on strike in support of Cobb. Unable to field a team for their May 18, 1912, game in Philadelphia, the Tigers scrounged up nine replacement players from around the city. Philadelphia drubbed the replacement Tigers 24–2. Pitcher Allan Travers went the whole game for Detroit, giving up 24 runs (a modern-day record), 14 of which were earned. Of the nine replacement players, the only one to ever appear in a big-league game again was Billy Maharg, who made it back for one more game in 1916 (and later was one of the fixers behind the Black Sox Scandal). The real Tigers, after being threatened by American League president Ban Johnson with indefinte bans, came back for their next game.
Eddie Gaedel. Gaedel, who was three feet, seven inches tall, was put on the roster of the 1951 St. Louis Browns by maverick owner Bill Veeck and sent into a game as a pinch-hitter on August 19. His uniform number was 1/8. The promotional stunt ended when pitcher Bob Cain, throwing at the smallest strike zone of all time, walked Gaedel on four pitches. Major League Baseball voided Gaedel's contract the next day and he never appeared in a game again.
Moonlight Graham. Graham was an outfielder who played two innings of one game on defense for the New York Giants in the 1905 season, neither making a putout nor getting a chance to bat. He would leave baseball and enjoy a long career as a doctor in Chisholm, Minnesota. His story was made famous when author W.P. Kinsella included it in his novel Shoeless Joe, which was then adapted into the hit movie Field of Dreams. (Graham's story is reported incorrectly in the movie and in other sources. Contrary to the film's assertion that Graham only played one half-inning, the Society for American Baseball Research discovered that he actually played two innings. Also, there was at least one base hit to the outfield while Graham was in the game, so he might have gotten the chance to field a ball in play.)
Adam Greenberg. Greenberg was a Chicago Cubs farmhand who got called up in 2005. In his big-league debut, on July 9, Greenberg was hit in the head with the first pitch he ever saw in the majors. Seven years later, and after an online publicity campaign on his behalf, Greenberg got another at-bat as a member of the Miami Marlins. He struck out swinging.
Fred Van Dusen. Van Dusen was a September call-up for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1955. In his first plate appearance as a pinch-hitter, he was hit by the third pitch he saw. He never made it back to the majors. With Greenberg getting his first official at-bat, Van Dusen is once again the only player to be hit by a pitch in his only major-league plate appearance, and to never play the field.
Bumpus Jones. Jones made his major-league debut on October 15, 1892, the last day of the season, for the Cincinnati Reds. Jones threw a no-hitter. He pitched in twelve more games in 1893 and then was gone from the majors forever.
Mark Kiger. Kiger is the only player to have only appeared in a playoff game and never in the regular season. He made his debut with the Oakland Athletics during the 2006 ALCS and only played two games at second base as a defensive replacement. He never got an at-bat. Since he was only in the playoffs, Kiger is extremely difficult to find in baseball encyclopedias. Adalberto Mondesí briefly held this distinction in 2015, but later made his regular season debut on July 26, 2016.
John Paciorek. Paciorek played one game with the 1963 Houston Colt .45s on the last day of the season. He came to the plate five times, and did the following: two walks, three singles, three RBI, four runs scored, career batting average and on-base-percentage of 1.000. Of the 27 players in MLB history with batting averages of 1.000, Paciorek is the only one with three at-bats.
St. Paul Saints. In 1884, the Union Association began operation, and is listed in many sources as a third major league. However, the league faced multiple problems, including an uneven distribution of talent (the league champion St. Louis Maroons went 94–19) and poor attendance in a country that suddenly was oversaturated with baseball teams. As the season wore on, teams began to fold, and the league scrounged around for replacements. The last of these replacements were the minor-league Saints (Apostles), an entire team that got a cup of coffee when they were invited into the Union Association. They played exactly nine games, all on the road, at the end of the season. The Saints went 2–6–1. Three other UA teams played 25 games or less, with the Saints playing the fewest. The Union Association folded in January 1885. (Although the league is conventionally listed as a major league, this status has been questioned by a number of modern baseball historians, most notably Bill James in The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract. James and other baseball historians have noted the league's extreme instability and lack of major-league talent; James has also found that the contemporary Baseball Guides didn't consider the Union Association to be a major league.)
Moses Fleetwood Walker and Welday Walker. Moses Walker played 42 games for the 1884 Toledo Blue Stockings. His brother Welday also played for Toledo that year, debuting after Moses and playing for six games. The Walker brothers are the first known black major league baseball players, predating Jackie Robinson by 63 years. The Toledo franchise folded after 1884 and player boycotts (Cap Anson being a ringleader) upheld baseball's color barrier. (Recent research indicates that William Edward White, who played one game in 1879, preceded the Walkers, although White's ethnicity can't be definitely determined and likely was not known to baseball authorities.)
Larry Yount. Yount, the brother of Hall of Famer Robin Yount, appeared in a game without ever actively participating in a game. He was summoned from the bullpen to pitch the top of the ninth inning for the Houston Astros on September 15, 1971. Yount hurt his elbow while warming up and was removed from the game before ever throwing a pitch. He never made it back to the big leagues. By official rule, pitchers who leave the game due to injury after being announced are credited with a game appearance; thus Yount is listed as playing in one game despite never actually doing so.
Ron Wright. Wright appeared in one game for the 2002 Seattle Mariners. In that game he accounted for six outs by striking out, hitting into a double play, and hitting into a triple play.
Oscar Taveras. Taveras, considered a top prospect, had two cups of coffee with the St. Louis Cardinals during the 2014 season before dying in an automobile crash at the end of the season.
John LeRoy. LeRoy pitched one game with the Atlanta Braves on September 26, 1997, throwing two scoreless innings, giving up one hit and three walks while striking out three more and picking up the victory against the New York Mets. On November 18, 1997, he was selected by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the expansion draft. LeRoy never played for the Devil Rays, and died on June 25, 2001, in Sioux City, Iowa after suffering a heart attack and brain aneurysm.
In ice hockey
Players who play only a few games in the National Hockey League and spend the rest of their careers in the American Hockey League or other professional leagues are common in professional hockey.
A special case unique to the NHL is that of the emergency backup goaltender. NHL rules dictate that a team carry at least two goaltenders in every game; however, there are sometimes circumstances (such as a short-notice trade or a mid-game injury) when a team only has one goaltender on the roster and does not have time to call up another from the AHL. In such a case, any goaltender 22 years of age or older can be signed as a free agent to a short-term contract to fill the second goaltender position until a more permanent solution can be found. Since the other goaltender is certain to play the game in question and is not likely to be injured during game play, the backup goaltender is likely never to set foot on the ice during game play. Thus, players with little to no experience can sometimes have a short cup of coffee in the NHL (video technician Ryan Vinz is one such example; he was pulled out of the stands to fill the position for one game for the Buffalo Sabres in 2014 despite not playing goalie since high school). This position is typically held by an older, retired goaltender (Dwayne Roloson, Artūrs Irbe and Bob Essensa, for instance, served in those positions for games in the 2014–15 NHL season).
See also
One-hit wonder
Phantom ballplayer
References
External links
List of 'cups of coffee' at Baseball Reference—all the players in MLB history who appeared in exactly one game
Baseball terminology
Basketball terminology
Ice hockey terminology
Metaphors referring to food and drink | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup%20of%20coffee |
John Edward Bickerton (born 23 December 1969) is an English professional golfer. He made over 400 appearances on the European Tour, winning three times, including the 2006 Open de France.
Early life and amateur career
Bickerton was born in Redditch, England. He won the 1990 Midland Open Amateur Championship and turned professional in 1991.
Professional career
Bickerton joined the Challenge Tour, Europe's second tier professional golf tour, in 1993. He won the 1994 Gore-Tex Challenge after a playoff, and was runner-up in the Dutch Challenge Open, on his way to 6th on the season-ending money list, which gave him automatic promotion to the European Tour for 1995. He initially struggled to establish himself at Europe's top level, returning to the Challenge Tour in 1997. In 1998, he was runner-up in the Challenge Tour Championship and had a number of other high finishes, leaving him 9th in the end-of-season rankings and a return to the European Tour in 1999.
Bickerton was twice runner-up on the 1999 European Tour, losing in a playoff for the Algarve Portuguese Open and also having a solo second place in the Compass Group English Open, behind Darren Clarke. With three fourth-place finishes he ended 20th in the Order of Merit. His high finish in the 1999 Order of Merit gave him a place in the Great Britain & Ireland team in the inaugural Seve Trophy in April 2000.
After his two second-place finishes in 1999, Bickerton has further runner-up finishes in the 2001 Madeira Island Open, the 2002 Celtic Manor Resort Wales Open and in the 2002 BMW International Open. After 287 events he won on the European Tour for the first time in October 2005, at the Abama Open de Canarias, a dual-ranking event with the Challenge Tour. In April 2006 he was runner-up to Niclas Fasth in the Andalucía Open de España Valle Romano, losing in a playoff. In July 2006 he claimed his second tour title at one of the European Tour's richest events, the Open de France, winning by a stroke from Pádraig Harrington, and taking the first prize of €666,660. After this win, Bickerton entered the top 100 in the world rankings and received invitations to the 2006 Open Championship and the 2006 PGA Championship. He finished tied for the 48th place in the Open, his best result in a major championship, but missed the cut in the PGA Championship. Bickerton had his third European Tour win in December 2007, at the Alfred Dunhill Championship in South Africa, winning by a stroke from Ernie Els and Lee Slattery.
Bickerton played regularly on the European Tour from 1999 to 2009, eventually making over 400 appearances. His best finishes on the European Tour Order of Merit were 20th in both 1999 and 2006. From 2010 his appearances on the tour were limited by an elbow injury, and he eventually gave up his place on the tour. After leaving the European Tour, Bickerton became the resident professional at Minehead and West Somerset Golf Club in Somerset.
Amateur wins
1990 Midland Open Amateur Championship
Professional wins (4)
European Tour wins (3)
1Dual-ranking event with the Challenge Tour
2Co-sanctioned by the Sunshine Tour
European Tour playoff record (0–2)
Challenge Tour wins (2)
1Dual-ranking event with the European Tour
Results in major championships
Note: Bickerton never played in the Masters Tournament or the U.S. Open.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Results in World Golf Championships
"T" = Tied
Team appearances
Professional
Seve Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 2000
References
External links
English male golfers
European Tour golfers
Sportspeople from Redditch
People from Droitwich Spa
People from West Somerset (district)
1969 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bickerton |
The Trans-Taiga Road () is an extremely remote wilderness road in northern Quebec, Canada. It is long to Centrale Brisay and another along the Caniapiscau Reservoir, all of it unpaved.
Description
The road's northeastern terminus is almost at the 55th parallel north, making it the northernmost continuous road in Eastern North America. Though the terminus is also the farthest point from any town via road in North America ( from Radisson), is nonetheless relatively close – – to Schefferville geographically. It does not, however, provide access to it, as the intervening terrain is impassable even in an all-terrain vehicle. The road's end is also close to the southern limit of Nunavik, Quebec's Inuit region which is negotiating for autonomous status within Quebec.
The Trans-Taiga Road branches off from the James Bay Road () at kilometre 544. It was built as an access road to the hydro-electric generating stations of Hydro-Québec along the La Grande River and Caniapiscau River. Several outfitters are established along this road, providing wilderness hunting and fishing expeditions, and some may also provide fuel, food and lodging. Otherwise, there are no services along this road.
While the Trans-Taiga Road is reportedly drivable by ordinary passenger vehicles for its entire length, Hydro-Québec recommends use of 4WD vehicles for the section between Brisay and Caniapiscau, which is of a rougher grade than the rest of the road.
As the name of the road indicates, this road winds its way through Quebec's vast boreal forest, characterized by stunted spruce and pine, bogs and rocky outcroppings. Taiga is the Russian term for the same type of forest.
Extension
Regional and provincial officials have suggested building a link from the road's northeastern terminus in Caniapiscau to Kuujjuaq, several hundred kilometres to the north in Nunavik, also accessing Schefferville along the way. As the road east of Centrale Brisay is extremely rough (large rocks on the road surface), part of the existing road would also require upgrade; an extension via Schefferville would likely require crossing the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
In 2020 a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the James Bay Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee and the Government of Québec. The MOU sets a roadmap for infrastructure development. Phase III of the Infrastructure program includes extension of the Trans-Taiga road eastward to connect with Schefferville, over an approximate distance of 200 km.
Waypoints
See also
James Bay Project
List of Quebec provincial highways
References
External links
Unofficial site, part of the James Bay Road site
Plan by Quebec Provincial government includes study of a possible extension to Kuujjuaq.
Mirage Outfitter
Roads in Nord-du-Québec
Roads in Côte-Nord | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Taiga%20Road |
Barbara Eggleston Davies (30 December 1955 – 1 March 2002), was an English teacher and peace campaigner.
Life
Born Barbara Eggleston in London, she was educated at Brighton and Hove School for Girls and the London School of Economics. It was at the latter that she became involved with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and Young Liberals, the youth wing of the Liberal Party. After graduating she taught humanities in a school in London for three years.
She became the first paid worker of Christian CND (CCND) and was its national organiser between 1982 and 1992. In 1989 she founded Dominican Peace Action and after CND worked for the Conference of Religious and the Dominican Justice and Peace Commission.
Mrs. Davies died from breast cancer, and is survived by her husband and two sons.
References
1955 births
2002 deaths
Schoolteachers from London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Davies |
The iRiver Clix (stylised iriver clix) is a portable media player that was developed and sold by iriver through two generations. The Clix was originally known as the U10, released in 2005. The next year it was revised and essentially rebranded to Clix. A second generation player, often called the Clix 2, was released in 2007, and later a minor revision called Clix+. The players are navigated by four buttons embedded on its sides, referred to as D-Click.
U10
iRiver introduced the U10 in June 2005. It was available in capacities of 512MB and 1GB. The player has a 2.2-inch (55 mm) 18-bit (262,144 colors) QVGA (320 x 240) TFT LCD screen covering most of its faceplate. It sits above the buttons, called the D-Click System. It allows the device to be used in a touch sensitive fashion despite it not being touch sensitive. There are also minimal-sized buttons on the sides for power, button lock, volume, and a Pivot key that instantly changes the screen orientation.
The U10 supports audio formats of MP3, WMA (including protected WMA), and Ogg Vorbis. As with some previous iRiver players it includes SRS WOW 3D sound technology. Additionally it also plays content in the MPEG-4 SP video format (other formats are converted with included software), the Unicode text format, and Flash Lite games and animation. There is also a built-in FM tuner and recorder, a microphone and an alarm clock.
An optional docking cradle was also sold for the U10, alongside a remote control. The cradle has stereo speakers, an additional line in input, and a snooze button on the top so that it can be used like an alarm clock.
Clix
In May 2006, the Iriver Clix was introduced. While physically identical to the U10, the Clix had an overhauled user interface with improved performance. It was provided initially in 1 GB and 2 GB capacities and retailed for a lower price than the U10 did. In November 2006, a 4 GB version was released, retailing for $200 in the United States.
The Pivot key was also replaced by the "Smart Key" which is a customisable button that can be assigned by the user to various functions.
iRiver also worked with Microsoft and MTV, offering immediate compatibility with Windows Media Player 11 (then in beta) and MTV's Urge online music service. The Clix is also PlaysForSure certified.
Clix 2
iRiver previewed several new players at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show, including a smaller version of the Clix (the S10), a screenless one (the S7), and a new version of the Clix. In April 2007, the second generation Clix (stylised clix2) was released worldwide in 2 GB, 4 GB and later 8 GB versions. This version is much thinner ( instead of ), and its screen is now in AMOLED (Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode), which enables unlimited viewing angles compared to LCDs. It was the world's first multimedia device with an AMOLED display.
In addition, the second generation Clix improved MPEG 4 video support to 30 frames per second. There is also WMV support. The free, Java-based iriverter program can convert most video formats into playable files using the firmware's unofficial support of the XviD 1.1.0 codec.
The 8 GB version of the player was released on 11 July 2007 in South Korea and by September elsewhere. A Red Line version was later released which has a red stripe on its edges. It was released initially in 8 GB but a 4 GB version was also sold. In July 2007, a version called the Clix Rhapsody debuted in the United States, supporting the DRM-based subscription service Rhapsody. The second generation Clix was a key product in the attempt to overturn the company's fortunes.
This new Clix is also highly customisable with support for interface themes, backgrounds and custom TrueType fonts support. It provides MTP or direct access of its UMS filesystem through mini USB in place of proprietary connectors.
Clix+
An update to the second generation Clix was released in South Korea in December 2007 which added a DMB receiver. It was also previewed at the 2008 Consumer Electronics Show with a western release announced.
Lplayer
The Lplayer is essentially a smaller version of the Clix and U10. It has a 2-inch display. It was released in 2008.
Reception
Trusted Reviews called the iRiver U10's interface "innovative" and the player generally "feature laden", but criticised high price and difficulty of getting music on it. CNET, with a score of 8.3 out of 10, called it "sleek and stylish" and praised the battery life, but disliked its price, the maximum 1 GB capacity, and lack of album art support.
The original Clix was well received by most reviewers, and became the highest scored MP3 player on CNET with a score of 8.4. CNET called the user interface "excellent" and praised its features. PC Mag UK gave it 4 out of 5, giving praise to design, sound quality and extras, but criticised the lack of pack-in video conversion software and that the D-Click "can be annoying". AnythingButiPod.com commented that the previous U10 was too overpriced, but the Clix is more reasonable while still having improvements. It noted some of its market rivals being the Sansa e200 and the Samsung YP-Z5.
The second generation Clix has been received well by most reviewers. CNET's editorial review, which gave the player an Editor's Choice award, praised its "unique and intuitive interface and stellar audio quality". Calling it the "Nano killer", it scored 8.7 out of 10, dethroning its predecessor to become CNET's highest rated MP3 player. PC Magazine stated that the player had "very good audio and photo quality, long battery life, and a host of extras.". Trusted Reviews, with a score of 4.5 out of 5, called it "possibly the most desirable portable media player", giving praise to the style, screen and sound quality. Computerworld said that the Clix line had evolved into the "ideal media player".
Commonly mentioned disadvantages of the Clix 2 included a lack of included video conversion software, although it later became available for download via iRiver America's site.
Sales
The second generation Clix, from launch in February 2007 to December 2007, sold about 180,000 units in South Korea.
See also
Comparison of portable media players
References
External links
iRiver Clix Official product page (iriver America)
clixhere.net (community site)
iRiver Clix flash content[archived]
Portable media players
Products introduced in 2005
Products introduced in 2006
Digital audio players
Audiovisual introductions in 2006
IRiver | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRiver%20Clix |
Betazole (also known as ametazole) is a histamine H2 receptor agonist. Betazole hydrochloride is known as gastramine and histalog.
It has been used as a gastric stimulant to test for maximal production of gastric secretion activity. The test can be used in diagnosis of diseases such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome where there is excess acid production, in this case driven by over production of gastrin. The volume of acid secretion is measured following administration of betazole, diagnosis being secretion greater than 60% of the maximal acid secretion following betazole stimulation. This procedure can lead to complications and should be avoided in subjects with coronary artery disease. It is also used in diagnosis of gastritis in association with a test for secretin activity.
Betazole is used as a stimulant in preference to histamine because of its specificity for the H2 receptor and its advantage of not generating the undesirable side effects that histamine would induce. It therefore does not require concomitant use of antihistaminic compounds to block the actions of histamine at other histamine receptor types.
It is used to test the effectiveness of H2 receptor blocking drugs such as nizatidine.
References
Amines
Pyrazoles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betazole |
The House of Assembly Channel is a cable television channel broadcast throughout much of Newfoundland and Labrador, exclusively on cable. The channel first signed on the air on November 17, 2001.
Programming
The House of Assembly Channel broadcasts daily legislative proceedings from Newfoundland and Labrador whenever the House is sitting, as well as Saturday night Memorial University of Newfoundland Sea-Hawks men's and women's basketball home games, and any special programming produced by Memorial University of Newfoundland or Rogers TV and EastLink Television.
First broadcast
Because the fall sitting of the House of Assembly did not take place until November 19, the first program to be broadcast was on November 17 when the Memorial University Sea-Hawks basketball teams played their first home game of the season against the Dalhousie Tigers.
Regional carriage
The following is a list of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador that receive the House of Assembly Channel on Rogers Cable:
Botwood: 9
Burnt Islands: 27
Carmanville: 25
Corner Brook: 62
Deer Lake: 12
Gander: 60
Grand Falls-Windsor: 60
Isle aux Morts: 26
Musgrave Harbour: 25
New-Wes-Valley: 26
Pasadena: 62
Port aux Basques: 21
Rose Blanche: 26
St. John's: 61
Witless Bay: 24
The following is a list of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador that receive the House of Assembly Channel on EastLink:
Adam's Cove: 14
Admirals Beach: 26
Aguathuna: 4
Anchor Point: 33
Appleton: 16
Aquaforte: 35
Argentia: 37
Arnold's Cove: 36
Aspen Cove: 26
Avondale: 14
Bacon Cove: 14
Badger: 33
Baie Verte: 37
Baine Harbour: 30
Bareneed: 14
Barr'd Island: 37
Bauline: 30
Bay d'Espoir: 35
Bay de Verde: 14
Bay l'Argent: 39
Bay Roberts: 77
Hampden/Bayside: 31
Baytona: 27
Bayview: 45
The Beaches: 31
Beachside: 27
Bear Cove: 33
Beau Bois: 14
Belleoram: 28
Bellevue: 28
Benoit's Cove: 37
Birchy Bay: 28
Brigus: 14
Calvert: 35
Cape Broyle: 30
Cape Ray: 26
Clarenville: 53
Codroy: 28
Conception Harbour: 14
Flat Bay: 27
Grand Bank: 37
Goose Bay: 21
Harbour Grace: 61
Hant's Harbour: 14
Harbour Breton: 36
New Chelsea: 14
New Melbourne: 14
Brownsdale: 14
Sibley's Cove: 14
Lead Cove: 14
Harbour Main: 14
Holyrood: 14
Jeffrey's: 33
Lewisporte: 45
Lower Island Cove: 14
Mainland: 28
Marches Point: 34
Margaree: 28
Marystown: 14
Placentia: 37
Riverhead: 27
Springdale: 45
St. Anthony: 38
St. David's: 26
St. George's: 36
Stephenville: 4
Twillingate: 45
In Labrador City and Wabush, the Community Recreation Rebroadcasting Service carries the House of Assembly Channel on channel 18.
External links
House of Assembly Channel official website
Legislature broadcasters in Canada
Commercial-free television networks
General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Assembly%20Channel%20%28Newfoundland%29 |
In mathematics, more specifically in numerical linear algebra, the biconjugate gradient method is an algorithm to solve systems of linear equations
Unlike the conjugate gradient method, this algorithm does not require the matrix to be self-adjoint, but instead one needs to perform multiplications by the conjugate transpose .
The Algorithm
Choose initial guess , two other vectors and and a preconditioner
for do
In the above formulation, the computed and satisfy
and thus are the respective residuals corresponding to and , as approximate solutions to the systems
is the adjoint, and is the complex conjugate.
Unpreconditioned version of the algorithm
Choose initial guess ,
for do
Discussion
The biconjugate gradient method is numerically unstable (compare to the biconjugate gradient stabilized method), but very important from a theoretical point of view. Define the iteration steps by
where using the related projection
with
These related projections may be iterated themselves as
A relation to Quasi-Newton methods is given by and , where
The new directions
are then orthogonal to the residuals:
which themselves satisfy
where .
The biconjugate gradient method now makes a special choice and uses the setting
With this particular choice, explicit evaluations of and are avoided, and the algorithm takes the form stated above.
Properties
If is self-adjoint, and , then , , and the conjugate gradient method produces the same sequence at half the computational cost.
The sequences produced by the algorithm are biorthogonal, i.e., for .
if is a polynomial with , then . The algorithm thus produces projections onto the Krylov subspace.
if is a polynomial with , then .
See also
Biconjugate gradient stabilized method (BiCG-Stab)
Conjugate gradient method (CG)
Conjugate gradient squared method (CGS)
References
Numerical linear algebra
Gradient methods | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biconjugate%20gradient%20method |
Fantasy Focus is a sports talk podcast devoted to fantasy sports. The show is available on iTunes, and ESPN Podcenter. The baseball show is hosted by Eric Karabell and Tristan Cockcroft, along with producer Daniel Dopp and injury analyst Stephania Bell. The football show is hosted by Field Yates, along with Bell, Dopp and Kyle Soppe. Matthew Berry hosted until 2022 when he took a position with NBC Sports. Nate Ravitz hosted until 2014, when he took on an internal position at ESPN, and was replaced by Yates. The basketball show was hosted by Doug Kezirian, John Cregan and Tom Carpenter until its completion.
The Fantasy Focus Football podcast is ESPN's most downloaded original-content podcast (and second overall behind only the podcast version of Pardon the Interruption). It consistently ranks among the top ten podcasts on iTunes and in August 2009, was the #1 audio podcast on all of iTunes. The show has won a total of five awards from PodcastAwards.com, including "Best Sports Podcast" in 2009, 2011, and 2012, and the overall "People's Choice" podcast in 2009 and 2012.
Segments
The Name Game
"The Name Game" is a rapid-fire question and answer segment, in which two players' values are compared against each other, with one ultimately being deemed the better choice based upon the fantasy league being discussed. The players discussed are often requested by listeners of the show, who submit their questions via email.
The Board
Ravitz, Berry, Karabell and Cockcroft make contradicting predictions on many zany issues, including how players will fare in an upcoming fantasy season, single week performance, and pop culture issues. These predictions are tracked "on the board", with the winner being the host who has the most accurate predictions at the end of the season.
Cousin of the Podcast
Prior to taking over as co-host of the Fantasy Focus Baseball Podcast from Matthew Berry and Nate Ravitz Cockcroft was a frequent contributor. So much so that he earned the nickname "Cousin of the Podcast." Often taking the role of analyst alongside Ravitz, Cockcroft's fondness to calling player "streaky" was made famous by an oft-used drop on the show.
And Sometimes Karabell and Cockcroft
In 2013, Karabell and Cockcroft took over as co-hosts of the Friday edition of Fantasy Focus Baseball Podcasts. The change led Podcast theme songwriter Eric Hutchinson to produce a modified version of the theme song to be played on days when Cockcroft and Karabell hosted the show.
Co-Host of Fantasy Focus Baseball Podcast
On January 28, 2014 the era of Cockcroft and Karabell as full-time hosts of the Fantasy Focus Baseball Podcast began.
Football Today Rivalry
Soderberg commonly stated that he preferred producing the other ESPN podcast ESPN Football Today. Many hours of banter were created from this topic.
League Formerly Known as the Man's League
Cockcroft and Karabell are hosts of "The Man's League," a fantasy baseball league in which the listeners of the show play against Cockcroft, Karabell, and the show's producer, Jay Soderberg (aka Pod Vader). The "Man's League" was originally named as such due to the high number of team owners the league has, requiring participants to be knowledgeable of lesser known professional baseball players to be competitive. As of March 7, 2014, Cockcroft and Karabell have yet to officially announce the name of the league formerly known as the Man's League. However, they have indicated that admission to said league will be determined by Cockcroft, Karabell, and Soderberg on the simple basis of whether a listener's email can impress them.
Geeky Stat of the Day
One addition to the show brought by Cockcroft in the 2014 season is the Geeky Stat of the Day. During this segment of the show Cockcroft delivers an arcane stat that he expects will be useful to listeners as they evaluate their own fantasy teams.
Daniel's Hashbrowns
After Eric Karabell misspoke the term "hashtag", the gag was continued into an ongoing segment. The segment contains content similar to the mailbag's email segment, but by Twitter instead.
References
External links
ESPN Show page
ESPN Radio
ESPN Fantasy Home
American sports radio programs
ESPN Radio programs
Radio programs on XM Satellite Radio
Sports podcasts
2007 podcast debuts
Audio podcasts
American podcasts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasy%20Focus%20%28podcast%29 |
Miss Teen International may refer to:
Miss Teen International (Americas), the Americas version owned and operated by Rodrigo Moreira
Miss Teen International (India), the India version owned and operated by Nikhil Anand. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20Teen%20International |
The Suffolk is a British breed of domestic sheep. It originated in the late eighteenth century in the area of Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk, as a result of cross-breeding when Norfolk Horn ewes were put to improved Southdown rams. It is a polled, black-faced breed, and is raised primarily for its meat. It has been exported to many countries, and is among the most numerous breeds of sheep worldwide.
History
The Suffolk originated in the area surrounding Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk in the late eighteenth century, as a result of cross-breeding when Norfolk Horn ewes were put to improved Southdown rams. They were at first known as Blackfaces or Southdown-Norfolks; the first use of the name "Suffolk" for these sheep dates to 1797. In 1810 it was recognised as distinct breed, but was not known by the present name until 1859. A breed society, the English Suffolk Society, was formed in 1886; a flock-book published in the following year recorded some ewes. By the end of the nineteenth century the Suffolk had displaced the Oxford Down as the principal terminal sire used on cross-bred ewes in Scotland. By the 1980s breed numbers in the United Kingdom had risen to some head, but later fell; in 2020 a total population of was reported.
The Suffolk has been exported to many countries including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Kenya, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and the United States, and has become one of the most numerous sheep breeds in the world. It was introduced to the United States in 1888 by one G.B. Streeter of Chazy, New York. A large and long-legged sub-type has developed there; it is fast-growing, but the carcase is of lower quality.
Characteristics
The Suffolk is a large sheep, white-woolled and polled, with a black face and black legs free of wool.
Spider lamb syndrome may occur in the Suffolk breed.
Use
Suffolk rams are commonly used as a terminal sire on cross-bred ewes to produce fast-growing lambs for slaughter.
References
Sheep breeds
Sheep breeds originating in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk%20sheep |
St. John's Chapel may refer to:
in England
St John's Chapel, London
St John's Chapel, Bedford Row - another London church
St John's Chapel, County Durham - a village in County Durham
St John's College Chapel, Cambridge
in Singapore
St. John's Chapel, Singapore - a church located within St. Margaret's Secondary School in Farrer Road
in the United States
St. John's Chapel (New York City), a demolished nineteenth-century Episcopal church
St. John Chapel (Columbus, Georgia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia
St. John's Chapel of St. Michael's Parish, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Episcopal Church of the Advent / St. John's Chapel, an Episcopal church in Cape May, New Jersey
See also
St. John the Baptist Church (disambiguation)
St. John's Cathedral (disambiguation)
St. John's Church (disambiguation)
St. John's Episcopal Church (disambiguation)
St. John the Evangelist Church (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20John%27s%20Chapel |
European Top 20 was a disk magazine and scene chart for the Commodore Amiga published by the demo scene group Equinox. The first issue was published in July 1992 and the last (number 7) in July 1993.
References
External links
Download all European Top 20 issues
Commodore International
Defunct computer magazines
Disk magazines
Magazines established in 1992
Magazines disestablished in 1993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Top%2020 |
Bishop Amat Memorial High School is a co-ed Catholic high school serving the San Gabriel Valley in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles, and was founded in 1957. The campus is located in La Puente, California, approximately east of downtown Los Angeles in Los Angeles County. The coeducational student body comprises approximately 1,520 students in grades 9 through 12, making Bishop Amat the largest private high school in Los Angeles County.
History
The school is named for the first Bishop of Monterey-Los Angeles, the Most Reverend Thaddeus Amat y Brusi, who served as the ordinary of Los Angeles from 1853 to 1878. He founded some of the first schools in Los Angeles and invited the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul to open St. Vincent's College, which was the predecessor to Loyola Marymount University. Bishop Amat Memorial High School was formally dedicated to his memory in October 1959.
Academics
Bishop Amat offers both Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate courses.
Campus
The campus site has grown over the years with the present 200 and 500 wings added in 1959. The gymnasium was added in 1962, the stadium in 1965 and the 300 wing in 1966. In 1973, the school formally became co-educational, with a single administrative structure. A building dedicated to the performing arts was completed in 1982. Four classrooms, including a full computer lab, were completed in 1988. A second computer lab was added in 1993, a refurbished physics lab in 1994 and the Brutocao Library in 1995. In 2000, a new covered lunch structure was built completed with integrated sound system and bbq pit.
In 2002, the school undertook a major campus renovation with plans for the replacement of the Tate Duff Memorial gymnasium. On March 16, 2003, demolition commenced on the facility. A leveled site groundbreaking for the new facility was held on April 16, 2003, with Bishop Zavala conducting the ceremony. On May 16, 2004, the living Rosary was held as the first activity in the new facility. The new Student Activity Center houses a main pavilion which seats 1600 spectators for Masses, assemblies, rallies and basketball and volleyball contests. New locker rooms for boys (down stairs) and girls (upstairs) are included as well as a lunchroom, dance studio, weight room facility and athletic and coaching offices. An equipment room and seminar room enhanced the many uses of the facility. In 2008 the facility was named in honor of Bishop Amat's first President, Monsignor Aidan Carroll who developed the concept of the center and raised the money to pay its cost.
Sports
Bishop Amat participates in the Southern Section of the California Interscholastic Federation, fielding 42 teams in 15 sports,
Amat Lancers have won four state championships - girls' basketball (2), Girls Cross Country (1), and Boys Cross Country (1).
The Lancer girls' basketball team won the state championship in 2005 and 2006. The girls' cross country team won the state championship in 2015. The boys' cross country team won the state championship in 2014. Both the Boys and Girls Cross Country teams compete regularly in the Nike Portland and Cross Nationals in Portland, Oregon.
The school was selected as national champion by Collegiate Baseball Magazine twice (in 2001 and 2002). As of 2014 It was the only school to have been selected twice. The baseball program has won the National Classic game four times.
The Bishop Amat football program won the CIF-SS championships in 1961, 1970, 1971 , 1992, 1995. The 1992 Lancer football team won the Reebok Bowl which was the first-ever championship between the CIF-Southern Section champion and the Los Angeles CIF city champion.
Notable alumni
Troy Auzenne, NFL player, Class of 1987
Jeff Banks, college football coach
Eric Bieniemy, NFL player and coach, Class of 1987
Caprice Bourret, Model, fashion designer and actress, Class of 1989
Ralph Brown, NFL player, Class of 1996
France Córdova, president, Purdue University, Class of 1965
Jeanne Córdova, writer and LGBT activist
Charlene Mae Gonzales Bonnin-Muhlach, Miss Philippines in 1994 Miss Universe, top 6 finalist
Dan Haren, MLB pitcher, 3-time All-Star, Class of 1998
Pat Haden, USC and NFL quarterback, sportscaster, USC Athletic Director, Class of 1971
John Jackson, NFL player, sportscaster
Brian Kelly, professional football player for Edmonton Eskimos, 1979-1987; elected to Canadian Football Hall of Fame 1991), Class of 1974
Mike Lamb, MLB player, Class of 1993
Daylon McCutcheon, NFL player
Paul McDonald, NFL player, quarterback for USC's 1978 national championship team
John McKay, Jr., USC assistant athletic director, NFL player, son of football coach John McKay), Class of 1971
Tamara Mello, actress
Kory Minor, NFL player
Carlos Pascual, U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs, Class of 1976
P. J. Pilittere, baseball coach
Sheldon Price, NFL player, Class of 2008
William Robinson, NFL player
Mazio Royster, NFL player
Rio Ruiz, MLB player, Class of 2012
Brian Russell, NFL player, Class of 1996
Maria Sachs, member of Florida State Senate, Class of 1967
John Sciarra, NFL player, All-American quarterback at UCLA, played in 1976 Rose Bowl in which UCLA upset favored Ohio State, Class of 1972, inducted into College Football Hall of Fame 2014
Scheana Shay, actress, Class of 2002
Ryan Smith, NFL player, cornerback for University of Florida national championship team
Tyler Vaughns, professional football player, Class of 2016
Danny Walton, MLB player, Class of 1965
Adrian Young, football player
David Denson, first professional baseball player to come out as gay
Daniel Zamora, baseball player
References
External links
Bishop Amat Memorial High School web site
Roman Catholic secondary schools in Los Angeles County, California
La Puente, California
1957 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1957
Catholic secondary schools in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop%20Amat%20Memorial%20High%20School |
The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy (and Malta from until the creation of the Exarchate of Malta in 2021), officially the Sacred Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Exarchate of Southern Europe (), is a diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople with see in Venice. The diocese was created in 1991. The current archbishop and exarch is Polykarpos Stavropoulos.
History
The Italo-Byzantine Monastery of St Mary of Grottaferrata, 20 kilometers south of Rome, was founded by Saint Nilus the Younger in 1004.
After the fall of Constantinople, many Greeks sought refuge in Italy and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople appointed a series of Metropolitans, who resided in Venice from 1537 to 1797. But it was not until 1539 that the Greek community of Venice was authorised to begin building the church of San Giorgio dei Greci which still stands in the centre of the city on the canal known as the . The church was completed in 1573 and is the oldest of the churches of the Greek diaspora in western Europe.
In 1557, Venice's Greek community had nominated Pachomios, bishop of Zante and Cephalonia, to act in their church as bishop, which he apparently did for one year only. In 1577 a Greek Orthodox archbishop resided in Venice who was recognized him as the religious head of the Greek Orthodox community in Venice, though with the non-Venetian title of Archbishop of Philadelphia.
Archbishops of Italy
Spyridon Papageorgiou (1991–1996)
Gennadios Zervos (1996–2020)
Polykarpos Stavropoulos (since 2021)
See also
Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy
Greek Orthodox Church
San Giovanni Theristis
References
Bibliography
External links
Official website
Italy
Eastern Orthodox dioceses in Europe
Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy
Italy
Dioceses in Italy
Metropolises without suffragan dioceses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox%20Archdiocese%20of%20Italy |
Ronald Wallace (1911–2006) was a theologian and Professor of Biblical Theology at Columbia Theological Seminary. He was also a member of the Torrance family of theologians.
Career overview
Brora, Minister without Charge
1940 Minister, Pollock Church, Glasgow
Church of Scotland's Huts and Canteens
1951 Minister, St Kentigern's Church, Lanark
1958 Minister, Lothian Road Church, Edinburgh
1964 Professor of Biblical Theology at Columbia Theological Seminary, Decatur, Georgia
1977 Near East School of Theology, Beirut
Education
His secondary education took place at the Royal High School. At sixteen he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh and studied a degree in civil engineering. He proceeded to the Faculty of Arts. Studies in Divinity followed; he was a pupil of H.R. Mackintosh and William Manson. While Minister of St Kentigern's in Lanark he gained his PhD on Calvin's Doctrine of the Word and Sacraments.
Family and theological connections
In July 1937 he married Mary Moulin Torrance, the sister of Thomas F. Torrance. They had a son, David, and two daughters: Elizabeth and Heather. Wallace's nephews include theologians Iain Torrance and Alan Torrance; moreover, his son-in-law George Newlands is also an academic theologian.
Sources
Torrance, I.R. (1 March 2006) "Obituary: Professor Ronald Wallace" The Scotsman
1911 births
20th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Scottish scholars and academics
Scottish Christian theologians
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
2006 deaths
Columbia Theological Seminary faculty
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
People from Brora | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Wallace |
Hornbostel is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Chuck Hornbostel (1911–1989), American middle-distance runner
Erich Moritz von Hornbostel (1877–1935), Austrian ethnomusicologist
Hornbostel-Sachs, a classification system for musical instruments
Henry Hornbostel (1867–1961), American architect
German-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel |
John Murdoch MacLeod (born 23 November 1938) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a winger.
Career
Born in Edinburgh, MacLeod started his career at his local club, Hibernian, and played 85 times for the Edinburgh side between 1957 and 1961, where he made a name for himself as a talented right winger. He also earned four caps for Scotland, all in 1961. His debut was in an infamous 9–3 defeat at the hands of England and the last appearance was in a 4–0 defeat by Czechoslovakia in a 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification tie.
In July 1961 MacLeod was signed by Arsenal for £40,000 (then a record fee for a winger) and made his debut against Burnley on 19 August 1961. He became a regular for the next three seasons, playing over thirty games in each. In total, he made 112 appearances for Arsenal, scoring 27 goals, despite manager Billy Wright's policy of usually employing only one winger on the pitch. Arsenal were not particularly successful at this time, usually finishing around mid-table, although they did make their European debut, in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, in 1963–64. MacLeod scored the opening goal in Arsenal's very first European match, a 7–1 thrashing of Stævnet on 25 September 1963.
In September 1964, with the young George Armstrong pushing for a place in the side, Arsenal found MacLeod surplus to requirements and sold him to Aston Villa for £35,000. He spent four seasons at Villa Park making 123 league appearances, before moving to Belgium to play for KV Mechelen in 1968. In 1971, he returned to his native Scotland to see out his career at Raith Rovers. He retired from playing in 1972.
References
External links
1938 births
Armadale Thistle F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Men's association football wingers
Aston Villa F.C. players
Belgian Pro League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Hibernian F.C. players
K.V. Mechelen players
Living people
Footballers from Edinburgh
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Scotland men's international footballers
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League representative players
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers
Newtongrange Star F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20MacLeod |
The Murmansk-Vladivostok Expedition Trophy is recognized as the world's longest winter motor rally, covering a distance of 12,500 km. The rally begins at the Kola Bay lighthouse in Murmansk, located in north-west Russia and ends at the Zolotoi Rog Bay lighthouse in Vladivostok, in far eastern Russia. It holds the distinction of being the longest rally to take place entirely within one country. The rally was first held in 2005 to celebrate the completion of the Trans-Siberian Highway in 2004.
The rally consists of two-vehicle teams, with each vehicle accommodating three people, and at least one person on each team must be female. The race follows the route Murmansk - St. Petersburg - Moscow - Yekaterinburg - Novosibirsk - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk - Khabarovsk - Vladivostok, with teams being eliminated at the end of each stage, leading to a total duration of 13 days for the entire journey. The overall winners of the race are additionally presented with a prize of 10 kg of pure gold.
References
Russian Winter Rally sets Record - BBC Online report on the 2005 race.
Gold rush auto rally starts for Vladivostok - Vladivostok News reporting the start of the 2005 race.
External links
Press release on the official site on the selection of the first 2006 competitors.
Rally competitions in Russia
Road rallying | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition%20Trophy |
Forest Town, as the name implies, is a leafy suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It lies between the busy thoroughfares of Jan Smuts Avenue and Oxford Road, and is bordered to one side by the Johannesburg Zoo.
History
The suburb was first surveyed on land called Sachsenwald, now known as Saxonwold, in 1908. The name of the suburb is derived from the Sachsenwald plantation.
Forest Town is well known as the scene of a high-profile police raid, the Forest Town raid, on a gay party in 1966, which triggered a moral panic and led to the Apartheid government passing the Immorality Amendment Bill of 1967. The Bill criminalised all sexual activity between men, as well as extending the legislation to include lesbians. Following South Africa's first non-racial elections in 1994, all discriminatory legislation was repealed.
In 2005, the Forest Town home of Jacob Zuma, at that time deputy president of South Africa, was raided by the Scorpions in order to obtain documents for his corruption trial. Jacob Zuma, now a former president of South Africa, is currently under investigation for fraud, money laundering, racketeering, and a host of other criminal charges.
In 2019, the Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre opened in Forest Town, the centre explores the history of genocide in the 20th century, focusing on case studies from the Holocaust and the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The site was previously occupied by the Bernberg Fashion Museum, started by two Jewish sisters, Anna and Theresa Bernberg, to house their fashion collections. The sisters bequeathed the property to the City of Johannesburg on the condition that it be used as a museum or art gallery. In 2020, the Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation, a contemporary art gallery, opened in the suburb.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060614103125/http://www.wits.ac.za/gala/archives_i.htm Gay and Lesbian Archives of South Africa
Johannesburg Region B | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest%20Town%2C%20Gauteng |
The Cuba national baseball team () represents Cuba at regional and international levels. The team is made up from the most professional players from the Cuban national baseball system. Cuba has been described as a baseball powerhouse and currently ranks 8th in WBSC's world rankings. It has medalled in five of the six Olympics in which baseball was played. The team tried but failed to qualify for the 2020 Olympics at the eight-team Americas Qualifying Event on May 31 through June 5, 2021.
Current squad
Results and fixtures
The following is a list of professional baseball match results currently active in the latest version of the WBSC World Rankings, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Legend
2019
2021
2022
2023
World Baseball Classic, Olympics, and IBAF World Cup history
2006 WBC
Cuba competed in the inaugural 2006 World Baseball Classic (WBC) tournament, despite the controversy of Cuban involvement and the United States embargo against Cuba. In the final, Cuba lost the gold medal to Japan, 10–6.
2009 WBC
This was the second time Cuba competed at the 2009 WBC Pool B stage, at Foro Sol in Mexico City. Cuba continued to advance to the second round with wins over South Africa and Australia. Cuba lost to Japan twice in the 2nd round, and were eliminated.
They last were eliminated before the start of the final stage of any international tournament in 1951.
2013 WBC
This was the third time Cuba competed at the 2013 WBC Pool A stage, in the Fukuoka Dome in Fukuoka, Japan. Cuba advanced in the tournament against: China, Japan, and newcomers Brazil. Cuba moved on to the second round in Pool 1 to defeat the Netherlands, losing 6–2. Cuba defeated Chinese Taipei, 14–0. They played a face off game with previous competitors, the Netherlands, and lost 7–6. Just as in 2009, Cuba was eliminated in the path to competing in the finals.
2017 WBC
At the 2017 World Baseball Classic, Cuban hitters Frederich Cepeda and Alfredo Despaigne had the distinction in WBC history to be the only players that each hit six home runs in their careers in the WBC.
The team had a 2–1 record in the first round. It was led by slugger Despaigne, who took over as the all-time WBC home-run leader.
Cuba advanced into the second round, where it lost its first game to undefeated Pool A winner Team Israel. Former Major League starting pitcher Jason Marquis (in 5.2 innings) and three Team Israel relief pitchers (including Brad Goldberg and Josh Zeid, who both threw 96 mph fastballs) kept Cuba to five hits and one run, a homer by Despaigne, who became the all-time World Baseball Classic home run leader. Pool A MVP catcher Ryan Lavarnway had two hits for Israel. Cuba went on to lose all 3 games they played and failed to advance to the championship round.
Olympics
Cuba has been the most successful national team at the Olympics bringing home three gold medals and two silver medals. They have the distinction of being one of two nations to compete in the first five baseball contests at the Summer Olympic Games since it has been an event that started at the Olympic.
On June 1, 2021, Cuba was eliminated from qualification for the 2020 Olympics, marking their first failure to qualify for the games.
IBAF World Cup
2009 IBAF World Cup
Cuba was originally slated to host the 2009 Baseball World Cup, however, they willingly gave up the honor to Europe. In an effort to help baseball grow as a sport in Europe, the Baseball World Cup was hosted by a whole continent for the first time in history. The Baseball World Cup took place from September 9–27. Seven European countries hosted and participated in the tournament of 22 teams. The event was made up of five groups consisting of four teams each, for a total of 20 teams. Italy (Bollate, Bologna, Codogno, Florence, Macerata, Milano, Parma, Piacenza, Reggio Emilia, Rimini, San Marino, Torino, Trieste, Verona and Vicenza) and Netherlands (Rotterdam, Haarlem and Amsterdam) served as hosts of the sixteen teams of the second round (September 14–20), and therefore received first round byes. The groups are as follows:
Group A (hosted by the Czech Republic in Prague): Czech Republic, Australia, Chinese Taipei and Mexico
Group B (hosted by Spain in Barcelona): Spain, Cuba, Puerto Rico and South Africa
Group C (hosted by Sweden in Stockholm): Sweden, Canada, South Korea and Netherlands Antilles
Group D (hosted by Russia in Moscow): Russia, France/Great Britain, Japan and Nicaragua
Group E (hosted by Germany in Regensburg): Germany, China, U.S. and Venezuela
International tournament results
World Baseball Classic
Olympics
Gold: 1992, 1996, 2004
Silver: 2000, 2008
Baseball World Cup
Gold: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Silver: 1941, 2007, 2009, 2011
Bronze: 1944, 1951
Intercontinental Cup
Gold: 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 2002, 2006
Silver: 1981, 1997, 1999
Pan American Games
Gold: 1951, 1963, 1971, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007
Silver: 1967
Bronze: 2011, 2015
Central American & Caribbean Games
Gold: 1926, 1930, 1935, 1938, 1950, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1978, 1986, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2006, 2014
Silver: 1982, 2018
Bronze: 1946
See also
1999 Baltimore Orioles–Cuba national baseball team exhibition series
Cuban National Series
References
External links
National baseball teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba%20national%20baseball%20team |
Leopold Engel was a German writer and occultist.
Early life
Engel was born in St Petersburg, Russia. His father was Karl Dietrich Engel (1824–1913), a violinist who in 1846 became Konzertmeister (leader) of the orchestra of the Imperial Russian Theatre.
Career
Leopold Engel went to Germany, finally settling in Dresden where he wrote extensively on the Faust legend. He became a follower of mysticus Jakob Lorber (1800–1864) who wrote ten volumes of "inspired" teachings. In 1891 Engel himself heard an "inner voice" which commanded him to write an 11th volume of Lorber's work, The Great Gospel of John.
During the 1890s he became involved with Theodor Reuss in reviving the Illuminati in Germany, setting up an irregular masonic lodge which they called the Ludwig Lodge. This and several other lodges they were active in were not recognised by any of the regular German Grand Lodges. This association came to an end on 3 July 1903 with Engel's expulsion along with his friend Siegmund Miller.
External links
Theodor Reuss: Irregular Freemasonry in Germany, 1900-23 by Ellic Howe and Helmut Moller (Göttingen)
Wikisource - Leopold Engel: Geschichte des Illuminatenordens (German)
1858 births
1931 deaths
Russian occultists
Russian male writers
German occultists
German male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold%20Engel |
The Professor of Divinity at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1597, when it appointed seven professors; this has since increased to ten and in addition the college now has visiting professors.
The Professor of Divinity is always appointed by the City of London Corporation.
List of Gresham Professors of Divinity
Note, years given as, say, 1596/7 refer to Old Style and New Style dates.
References
Gresham College website Texts and video of recent lectures
Gresham College old website, Internet Archive List of professors
Notes
Further reading
Divinity
1596 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham%20Professor%20of%20Divinity |
Yavapai is an Upland Yuman language, spoken by Yavapai people in central and western Arizona. There are four dialects: Kwevkepaya, Wipukpaya, Tolkepaya, and Yavepe. Linguistic studies of the Kwevkepaya (Southern), Tolkepaya (Western), Wipukepa (Verde Valley), and Yavepe (Prescott) dialects have been published (Mithun 1999:578).
Yavapai was once spoken across much of north-central and western Arizona, but is now mostly spoken on the Yavapai reservations at Fort McDowell, the Verde Valley and Prescott.
Geographic distribution
The rate of mutual comprehension between Yavapai and Havasupai–Hualapai is similar to that between Mohave and Maricopa (Biggs 1957).
Warren Gazzam, a Tolkapaya speaker, reported that "you know they (Hualapais) speak the same language as we do, some words or accents are a little different".
Due to extensive cultural interchange, many Yavapai were once bilingual in Apache, and some Apache were bilingual in Yavapai.
Unlike in Havasupai and Hualapai, postaspirated stops cannot appear in word-initial position (Shaterian 1983:215).
Phonology
Yavapai consonant phonemes are shown below.
Vowels occur short, mid and long in stressed syllables. The contrast is reduced to two lengths in unstressed syllables.
There are two tones on stressed syllables, high level and falling, which are neutralized to mid on unstressed syllables.
Syntax
Yavapai is a subject-verb-object language.
/-k/ and /-m/ Problem
According to Martha Kendall, the morphemes /k/ and /m/ are "semantically contrastable," but are pronounced the same. She writes that homophony is present in Yavapai, and /k/ and /m/ are similar in phonological situations, but are syntactically different.
Examples
Some sample words given in Yavapai translation:
Preservation efforts
There have been recordings of Yavapai (as well as other Yuman languages) done in 1974, relating to phonology, syntax, and grammar. This was meant to understand the three topics better and to hear them.
There is an effort to revitalize the language. There is a Yavapai language program for adults to learn the language and pass on to future generations.
There have been attempts to save the language in the Yavapai community.
Poetry and stories have been published in Yavapai on several occasions. Yavapai poems are featured in Gigyayk Vo'jka, the anthology of poetry in Yuman languages edited by Hualapai linguist Lucille Watahomigie. Yavapai stories also appear in Spirit Mountain: An Anthology of Yuman Story and Song. Both works are accompanied by English translations, and the poems in Gigyayk Vo'jka also feature a morphological analysis.
Alan Shaterian has published a dictionary of Northeastern Yavapai. Pamela Munro is working on a dictionary and grammar for Tolkepaya.
Footnotes
References
Biggs, Bruce. 1957. Testing Intelligibility among Yuman Languages. In International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 23, No. 2. (April 1957), pp. 57–62. University of Chicago Press.
Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press.
Shaterian, Alan William. 1983. Phonology and Dictionary of Yavapai. University of California, Berkeley.
External links
Yavapai basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
Indigenous languages of Arizona
Indigenous languages of the Southwestern United States
Indigenous languages of the North American Southwest
Yavapai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavapai%20language |
André Luciano da Silva (born 27 April 1981, in Aracati), commonly known as Pinga, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.
Club career
Pinga scored 14 goals in 34 games for Al Ahli in the 2010–11 UAE Pro-League campaign. On 2 January 2013 he signed a contract with Brazilian side Santos until May.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazil men's under-20 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Ceará Sporting Club players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
Clube Atlético Juventus players
Treviso FBC 1993 players
Torino FC players
ACR Siena 1904 players
Sport Club Internacional players
Al Wahda FC players
Shabab Al Ahli Club players
Al Dhafra FC players
Santos FC players
América Futebol Clube (MG) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Qatar Stars League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
UAE Pro League players
UAE First Division League players
Footballers from Ceará
People from Aracati | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinga%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201981%29 |
The Three Pashas also known as the Young Turk triumvirate or CUP triumvirate consisted of Mehmed Talaat Pasha (1874–1921), the Grand Vizier (prime minister) and Minister of the Interior; Ismail Enver Pasha (1881–1922), the Minister of War; and Ahmed Cemal Pasha (1872–1922), the Minister of the Navy, who effectively ruled the Ottoman Empire after the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. According to historian Hans-Lukas Kieser, Talaat's power increased over time and eclipsed the others after 1913–1914.
The Three Pashas, all members of the Committee of Union and Progress, were largely responsible for the Empire's entry into World War I in 1914 and also largely responsible for the genocide of over one million Armenians. The Turkish public widely criticised the Three Pashas for drawing the Ottoman Empire into World War I. All three met violent deaths after the war—Talaat and Cemal were assassinated, whilst Enver died leading the Basmachi Revolt near Dushanbe, present-day Tajikistan.
After their deaths, Talaat and Enver's remains have been reburied at the Monument of Liberty in Istanbul and many of Turkey's streets have been controversially renamed in their honour.
Legacy
Western scholars hold that after the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état, these three men became the de facto rulers of the Ottoman Empire until its dissolution following World War I. They were members of the Committee of Union and Progress, a progressive organisation that they eventually came to control and transform into a primarily Pan-Turkist political party.
The Three Pashas were the principal players in the Ottoman–German Alliance and the Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I on the side of the Central Powers. One of the three, Ahmed Djemal, was opposed to an alliance with Germany, and French and Russian diplomacy attempted to keep the Ottoman Empire out of the war; but Germany was agitating for a commitment. Finally, on 29 October, the point of no return was reached when Admiral Wilhelm Souchon took , , and a squadron of Ottoman warships into the Black Sea (see pursuit of Goeben and Breslau) and raided the Russian ports of Odessa, Sevastopol, and Theodosia. It was claimed that Ahmed Cemal agreed in early October 1914 to authorize Souchon to launch a pre-emptive strike.
Ismail Enver had only once taken control of any military activity (Battle of Sarıkamış), and left the Third Army in ruins. The First Suez Offensive and the Arab Revolt are Ahmed Cemal's most significant failures.
Historiography
While the triumvirate consisted of Talat, Enver, and Cemal, some say Halil Bey was a fourth member of this clique. Historian Hans-Lukas Kieser asserts that this state of rule by the Three Pashas is only accurate for the year 1913–1914, and that Talat Pasha would increasingly become a more central figure within the Union and Progress party state, especially once he also became Grand Vizier in 1917. Alternatively, it would also be accurate to call the Unionist regime a clique or even an oligarchy, as many prominent Unionists held some form of de jure or de facto power. Other than the Three Pashas and Halil Bey, personalities such as Dr. Nazım, Bahaeddin Şakir, Mehmed Reşid, Ziya Gökalp, and the party's secretary general Midhat Şükrü also dominated the Central Committee without formal positions in the Ottoman government. The CUP regime was also less hierarchically totalitarian than future European dictatorships. Instead of relying on strict and rigid chains of command the regime functioned through the balancing of factions through massive corruption and kickbacks. Individual governors were allowed much autonomy, such as Cemal Pasha's governorship of Syria and Rahmi Bey's governorship of the Izmir vilayet. This lack of rule of law, lack of respect to the constitution, and extreme corruption worsened as the regime aged.
Involvement in the Armenian genocide
As de facto rulers, the Three Pashas have been considered the masterminds behind the Armenian genocide. After the war the three were put on trial (in their absence) and sentenced to death, although the sentences were not carried out. Talaat and Cemal were assassinated in exile in 1921 and 1922 by Armenian revolutionaries; Enver died in a Red Army ambush in Tajikistan in 1922 while trying to lead an anti-Russian insurrection.
Reputation in the Republic of Turkey
After World War I and the ensuing Turkish War of Independence, much of the population of the newly established Republic of Turkey as well its founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk widely criticised the Three Pashas for having caused the Ottoman Empire's entrance into World War I, and the subsequent collapse of the state. As early as 1912, Atatürk (then just Mustafa Kemal) had severed his ties to the Three Pashas' Committee of Union and Progress, dissatisfied with the direction that they had taken the party, as well as developing a rivalry with Enver Pasha. Although Enver later attempted to join the Turkish War of Independence, the Angora (Ankara) government under Atatürk blocked his return to Turkey and his efforts to join the war effort.
See also
1913 Ottoman coup d'état
Armenian genocide
Second Constitutional Era
Young Turk Revolution
References
Sources
Allen, W.E.D. and R. Muratoff. Caucasian Battlefields: A History Of The Wars On The Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828–1921. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953. 614 pp.
Bedrossyan, Mark D. The First Genocide of the 20th Century: The Perpetrators and the Victims. Flushing, NY: Voskedar Publishing, 1983. 479 pp.
Derogy, Jacques. Resistance and Revenge: "Fun Times" The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers and Zoryan Institute, April 1990. 332 pp.
Düzel, Neşe (2005-05-23). "Ermeni mallarını kimler aldı?". Radikal. "Enver Paşa, Talat Paşa, Bahaittin Şakir gibi bir dizi insanın ailelerine maaş bağlanıyor... Bu maaşlar, Ermenilerden kalan mülkler, paralar ve fonlardan bağlanıyor."
Emin [Yalman], Ahmed. Turkey in the World War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1930. 310 pp.
Joseph, John. Muslim-Christian Relations and Inter-Christian Rivalries in the Middle East. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, 1983. 240 pp.
Kayalı, Hasan. "Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918" 195 pp.
1913 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1918 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
Committee of Union and Progress
Ottoman Empire in World War I
People sentenced to death in absentia by the Ottoman Special Military Tribunal
Politics of the Ottoman Empire
Triarchies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Pashas |
Carl Wilhelm Heine (later von Heine) (26 April 1838, in Cannstatt – 9 September 1877, in Cannstatt) was a German physician, surgeon and President of the German medical fraternity of Prague.
Start of career and military service
Heine was the son of the German doctor and orthopaedist Jakob Heine, who became known as the discoverer of Poliomyelitis. He studied medicine in Tübingen and Würzburg and received his doctor degree in 1861. After assisting his father in his orthopaedic institution he visited several European countries and stayed in Paris, London, Glasgow and Dublin. He reported on his experiences in English hospitals in the 'Journal of the Württembergian Medical Association' ('Correspondenzblatt des Württembergischen Ärztlichen Vereins'). In 1864 he volunteered in the Second war of Schleswig as a military surgeon. He wrote about his experiences in military surgery in a book published in 1866. He was decorated for his merits both from the Prussian and the Austrian government.
Professor in Heidelberg und Innsbruck (1865–1873)
In 1864/65 Heine went to Berlin and worked with well-known physicians like Rudolf Virchow. The following year he was an assistant doctor in Heidelberg and qualified as professor. He succeeded his teacher Karl Otto Weber as professor and director of the surgical hospital. In 1869 Heine took up the job of director of the surgical hospital at the University of Innsbruck. In the Franco-Prussian War Heine once more worked as a military surgeon and was highly decorated.
Head of Hospital and president of the doctors' fraternity in Prague (1873–1877)
Heine's successful work in Innsbruck induced the Austrian government to start a similar project in Prague. From 1873 onwards Heine established a second surgical hospital as an exemplary institute of European rank. At the same time he engaged in improving the hygienic situation and the water supply of the city. Heine was elected president of the German medical fraternity in January 1877. In 1876 he had become a citizen of Austria and was given a peerage. In the summer of 1877 he surprisingly came down with a diphtheritic angina and died at his parents' home in Cannstatt.
Further reading (in German)
Hans Hekler: Carl Wilhelm Heine – Enkel des Lauterbacher Sonnenwirts, einer der größten Chirurgen des 19. Jahrhunderts. In: D'Kräz, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt und Raumschaft Schramberg, vol. 12, Schramberg 1992. (See external links)
Heinz Hansen: Die Orthopädenfamilie Heine – Leben und Wirken der einzelnen Familienmitglieder im Zeichen einer bedeutenden deutschen Familientradition des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Dresden 1993. (doctoral thesis)
External links
illustrated biography
German military doctors
1838 births
1877 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Wilhelm%20Heine |
Reb Brown (born Robert Edward Brown; April 29, 1948) is an American former football player and actor. Born in the Los Angeles area, Brown played football in high school and University. He first appeared on film and television in the early 1970s, playing minor or supporting roles up until 1979, where he played Captain America in two made-for-tv films.
Following this, Brown played supporting roles in major Hollywood productions his most notable being Ted Kotcheff's Uncommon Valor which was a box-office success. Also during this time Brown played many lead in genre films this includes Yor, the Hunter from the Future (1983), Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf (1985), Strike Commando (1987), Space Mutiny (1988), Robowar (1988), among others. Brown's most significant role of that area was in Philippe Mora's Australian film Death of a Soldier. Based on a true story, he plays Private Edward Leonski. His performance is critically acclaimed, and was nominated for Best Lead Actor in a Dramatic Role by the Australian Film Institute.
In the 1990s, Brown went on a hiatus and started to act again in 2012.
Early years
Brown's father was a policeman who had also been a singer. He grew up in the Los Angeles area and played football at Temple City High School. After graduating in 1966, he received a scholarship to play fullback at the University of Southern California during the 1967 season. He ended up losing the starting running back position to another student, O. J. Simpson, and Brown decided to transfer to another college in the Los Angeles area.
Acting career
When he began acting, there was already a Robert Brown in the Screen Actor's Guild, so he took his initials, Reb, as his first name for acting.
In 1973, Brown acted in Bernard L. Kowalski's film Sssssss.
Also that year, he acted in the made for television film The Girl Most Likely to...
He later appeared in guest starring roles in several Universal Studios-produced television series, including Emergency!, Marcus Welby, M.D., Kojak, The Eddie Capra Mysteries, and The Rockford Files. He also appeared as Rebel, a southern boy who has a fight with Ralph Malph in Happy Days, and played Jim Bridger in the all-star miniseries Centennial. He also appeared in Three's Company as Elmo, a date for Chrissy Snow.
In 1978, in John Milius's Big Wednesday, Brown played the role of "Enforcer."
In 1979, he also played Captain America in two made-for-TV films, Captain America and Captain America II: Death Too Soon. It was part of the same development deal that yielded the Lou Ferrigno vehicle, The Incredible Hulk.
Also that year, he had a supporting role as an intimidating football player who joins a basketball team in Jack Smight's sport comedy Fast Break. Furthermore he played a role in Paul Schrader's film Hardcore.
In 1982, Brown acted in Albert Pyun's The Sword and the Sorcerer.
In 1983, Brown played the lead role in Antonio Margheriti's science fiction fantasy filmYor, the Hunter from the Future. The film was poorly reviewed. However the film was a financial success the director stated that Columbia distributed 1400 prints of the film and that it was "one of the most successful pictures of my life." The film grossed $2,810,199 at the US box office and ranked 121 as the top earners of that year.
Also that year he was in the supporting cast of Ted Kotcheff's Uncommon Valor. He played Blaster, a Viet Nam veteran character who trains with other vets in a P.O.W. rescue operation. The film was a box-office hit, one of the top-earning films of 1983. This was considered a surprise at the time because of the film's lack of stars and the fact it had to competition. The film grossed $30,503,151 at the US box office and ranked 69 as the top earners of that year.
In 1985, Brown starred in Philippe Mora's Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf.
In 1986, Brown re-united with director Mora for the Australian film Death of a Soldier. Based on a true story, it tells the story of serial killer, Private Edward Leonski, who committed his crimes and went to court in Melbourne, during World War II. The film received many good reviews, and Brown's performance was acclaimed. Kevin Thomas of The Los Angeles Times said his performance had "an impressive complexity and range of emotions." Brown received a nomination for Best Lead Actor in a Dramatic Role by the Australian Film Institute.
In 1987, Brown co-lead with Christopher Connelly in Bruno Mattei's action film Strike Commando.
In 1988, Brown starred in David Winters's space opera science fiction film Space Mutiny. Winters said he hired Brown for the lead was due to the positive reviews he received for a previous Australian film and that he hired his wife Cisse Cameron because Brown asked if he had a part for her. The film has the reputation of being an amusing ,unintentionally funny, and campy B-movie.
Also that year, he acted in Rick Rosenthal's Distant Thunder, and reunited with director Mattei for to play the lead in Robowar.
In 1989, Brown co-lead with Lou Ferrigno in the action film Cage playing Vietnam War veterans buddies. They would later reunite for Cage II (1994).
In 1990, Brown acted in Street Hunter.
In 1991, he acted in John Milius's Flight of the Intruder.
He appeared in the third-season Miami Vice episode, "Viking Bikers from Hell," in which he played a sociopathic biker, avenging his buddy's recent death.
After not appearing on screen in eighteen years, Brown co-starred in the 2012 film, Night Claws.
Personal life
Brown married actress Cisse Cameron in 1979.
Filmography
Film
Sssssss (1973) as Steve Randall
The Girl Most Likely to... (1973) (TV Movie) as Football Player
Earthquake (1974) as Boy on Motorcycle (Uncredited; scene filmed but not used in the theatrical release, but added back in the television version)
Big Wednesday (1978) as 'Enforcer'
Fast Break (1979) as Sam 'Bull' Newton
Captain America (1979) (TV Movie) as Steve Rogers / Captain America
Hardcore (1979) as Manager / Bouncer
Captain America II: Death Too Soon (1979) (TV Movie) as Steve Rogers / Captain America
Yor, the Hunter from the Future (1983) as Yor
Uncommon Valor (1983) as 'Blaster'
Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf (1985) as Ben White
Death of a Soldier (1986) as Private Edward J. Leonski
White Ghost (1988) as Major Cross
Strike Commando (1987) as Michael Ransom
Space Mutiny (1988) as Dave Ryder
Robowar (1988) as Major Murphy Black
Mercenary Fighters (1988) as T.J. Christian
The Firing Line (1988) as Mark Hardin
Cage (1989) as Scott Monroe
Street Hunter (1990) as Colonel Walsh
Last Flight to Hell (1990) as Mitch Taylor
Cage II (1994) as Scott Monroe
Night Claws (2012) as Sheriff Kelly
Surge of Power: Revenge of the Sequel (2016) as Roger 'Star' Stevenson
TV
Kojak (1974) "Last Rites for a Dead Priest" as Furniture Man
Happy Days (1977) "Requiem for a Malph" as Rebel E. Lee
Hardy Boys Nancy Drew Mysteries (1977) "The Mystery of the Ghostwriters' Cruise" as Tony Rosselli
CHiPs (1977) 3 episodes as Brouillette Motorcycle Cop, Call Sign 'Mary 5. Episodes were: "Undertow", "Baby Food", and "Hustle".
Three's Company (1979) "Ralph's Rival" as Elmo Hacker
The Six Million Dollar Man as Soldier
Alice (1980) as Willy
Goldie and the Boxer Go to Hollywood (1981, TV movie) as Brian Kilpatrick / Johnny Gems
The Love Boat (1981) "Isaac's Teacher/Seal of Approval/The Successor" as Carl Williams
Miami Vice (1984) "Viking Bikers from Hell" as Reb Gustafson
References
Works cited
Curti, Roberto (2016). Diabolika: Supercriminals, Superheroes and the Comic Book Universe in Italian Cinema. Midnight Marquee Press. ISBN 978-1-936168-60-6.
Winters, David (2018). Tough guys do dance. Pensacola, Florida: Indigo River Publishing. .
External links
Official website
Male actors from Los Angeles
American male film actors
1948 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reb%20Brown |
Barmeen is a townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is located at the foot of Glendun, one of the nine Glens of Antrim, west of Cushendun and north of Knocknacarry. It is situated in the historic barony of Cary and the civil parish of Culfeightrin and covers 59 acres.
The name derives from the Irish: Barr min (smooth top). The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:
See also
List of townlands in County Antrim
References
Townlands of County Antrim
Barony of Cary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barmeen |
Equis may refer to:
EFMD Quality Improvement System (or EQUIS), an international system of assessment and accreditation of higher education institutions in management and business administration run by the European Foundation for Management Development
Equis International (or Equis) a Thomson Reuters software company which produces technical analysis software used in stock markets
Equis, album by Uruguayan rock band Snake
X, known as equis in the Spanish alphabet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equis |
Newswatch is a Nigerian weekly news magazine published by Newswatch Communications Limited in Nigeria. Newswatch'''s weekly print run can be as high as 100,000 copies.
History and profileNewswatch was formed by Nigerian journalists Dele Giwa, Ray Ekpu, Dan Agbese and Yakubu Mohammed in 1984, and the first edition was distributed on 28 January 1985. A 1989 description of the magazine said it "changed the format of print journalism in Nigeria [and] introduced bold, investigative formats to news reporting in Nigeria". However, in the first few months of the administration of General Ibrahim Babangida, who took power in August 1985, the magazine was shamelessly flattering. It printed his face on the cover four times and even criticized "anyone who attempted to make life unpleasant for Babangida".
Giwa, the first editor-in-chief of Newswatch, was killed by a mail bomb in his home on 19 October 1986. The magazine was forced to shut down for six months from April 1987 by the Babangida led-administration for publishing information from what seemed to be a harmless government White Paper.Newswatch named Babangida "Man of the Year" in 1989 and Babangida appointed Alex Akinyele, a Newswatch Director, as his information minister. In June 1992 the government expelled a journalist from the Financial Times who had written an article criticizing government use of oil money. Although, papers such as Concord and The Guardian were critical, Newswatch remained silent.
As of 1996 the magazine was said to have a circulation of 150,000 copies in Africa, Europe and North America. Prominent directors included Chief Tony Momoh, Otunba Mike Adenuga and Chief Alex Akinyele. In December 2010, the magazine celebrated its 25th anniversary at a ceremony in Lagos. The magazine gave out a book Jogging in the Jungle: The Newswatch Story to attendees. Former Ogun State Governor Aremo Olusegun Osoba presided as chairman.
On 8 May 2011, it was announced that 51% of the shares of Newswatch Communications Limited had been purchased by Global Media Mirror Ltd., publishers of the National Mirror and owned by Jimoh Ibrahim. Ibrahim had taken over as executive chairman, replacing Alex Akinyele. Bala Dan Abu, executive editor, was given the responsibility of building up the editorial team. The new owner was to pay off all debts and pay the backlog of seven months of staff salary.
In 2012, Newswatch'' temporarily ceased publication. It reappeared again in January 2013.
References
1985 establishments in Nigeria
English-language magazines
Magazines established in 1985
Magazines published in Lagos
News magazines published in Africa
Magazines published in Nigeria
Weekly magazines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newswatch%20%28Nigeria%29 |
Emmarentia (which usually encompasses Emmarentia Ridge and Emmarentia Ext. 1) is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa.
History
Emmarentia lies on land that once made up the Braamfontein Farm, one of many large farms that make what is Johannesburg and its suburbs. The land was bought in 1886 by Lourens Geldenhuys for its mining rights as it was hoped that the Confidence Reef would extend into his farm but it did not. Land remained as a farm and by 1891 it was divided, along what is now Orange Road, between his son's Frans and Louw where the brothers had already built two farm houses. Frans' farmhouse still exists as the clubhouse at the Marks Park Sports Club and Louw's which exists close by at 14 Greenhill Road.
After the Second Boer War, in which Louw Geldenhuys and his brother had taken part of as members of the Krugersdorp Commando, he decided to help some landless and unemployed Boers war veterans. He used them to construct a stone and earth dam from blocks of stone from the Melville Koppies behind the farm and cost £12,000. The dam was built over the Westdene spruit which is a tributary of the larger Braamfontein Spruit. The dam was then named after his wife Emmarentia Margaretha Botha. A hundred of these workers were then settled in 14 irrigated smallholdings on 145 morgens of the farm in what are now the suburbs of Emmarentia, Linden and Greenside where they grew fruits and vegetables with rent based on a third of the profits of the sale of the produce.
Louw died in 1929 and his wife Emmarentia would begin to sell parts of the farm that became the suburbs Greenside in 1931, and Emmarentia on 28 April 1937, named after her and in 1941, Emmarentia Extension. In 1933, 13 hectares of the farm were donated to the City of Johannesburg for parks and recreation, and after further pieces of land were acquired, became the Jan van Riebeeck Park (1952) and the Johannesburg Botanical Garden (1964), Emmarentia Dam (1939), the Marks Park Sports Club (1951) and West Park Cemetery (1942).
In 1938, Emmarentia Geldenhuys died and was buried at the family cemetery in Hill Road. The small cemetery still exists with 77 graves in the small cemetery with other names such as Swanepoel, Steyn, Ayres, Hopley and McGrath possibly the smallholding farmers Louw Geldenhuys had helped out. The suburbs captures the names of the original owners of the farm as street names, Judith Road is named after Frans Geldenhuys' wife, Judith Grobbelaar. While Louw Geldenhuys Road runs past the dam he built.
Areas of interest
Within its boundaries, one can find:
Emmarentia Dam;
Johannesburg Botanical Garden;
Part of the Melville Koppies;
Marks Park Sports ClubFormed on 19 December 1938 by Mr. I Marks, Town Clerk of Johannesburg at Paterson Park. In 1951 the club moved to its current location gathering together the different sports groups in one place. The clubhouse is the old farmhouse of Frans and Judith Geldenhuys;
Masjid - ur - Rahmah – Emmarentia's first mosque.Located on the corner of Ingalele Road and Barry Hertzog Road.
Emmarentia shares its borders with the suburbs of Melville, Greenside, Greenside East, Victory Park, Linden, Montgomery Park, and Roosevelt Park.
Emmarentia is also home to a range of culturally diverse restaurants ranging from Italian (Trattoria Renato) to Cape-Malay (District 6 ). In the same center of Emmarentia (A block of buildings ranging from 1-4 stories high, alongside Barry Herztorg, with restaurants and business's on street level and residential flats above. Known to locals as the "shops") J'oburgs first artisanal bakery and gourmet burger-milkshake restaurant (Industry) and an organic vegetarian restaurant ( Fresh Earth) make up the also make up the craft restaurants
Dabulamanzi Sailing Club
This sailing club is located on Emmarentia Dam and was started in 1979. The name is derived from a Zulu warrior called Dabulamanzi kaMpande, whose name translates to "the one who conquers water".
Education
Emmarentia Primary School is located in the suburb of Emmarentia on the corner of Hill Road and Umgeni, and was established over 60 years ago.
Emmarentia is the location of the Japanese School of Johannesburg located in Caledon Road close to the dam.
Littlehill Montessorri School is also located in Emmarentia, on Hofmeyer Drive. The school is renowned for its unique curriculum, which includes Cultural Studies.
References
External links
Emmarentia Primary School website
Emmarentia Residents Association
Johannesburg Region B | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmarentia |
Violence Has Arrived is the eighth studio album by the band Gwar. It was released on November 6, 2001, through Metal Blade Records.
According to an interview with Dave Brockie, it was originally supposed to be released on September 11, 2001, but Metal Blade would not release it until November. According to Slave Pit Inc., it was not finished. According to other official sources, they did not even start recording the album until July, and the Dave Brockie Experience had a tour in September.
Overview
Violence Has Arrived re-attains the brutal focus of the band's earlier albums. It has more of a thrash metal sound than any of their previous albums. It is similar to Scumdogs of the Universe, in that Dave Brockie was the dominant voice of the band again, and the theme is centered on generalized carnage. Gwar takes on more "medieval" themes this time, such as torture ("The Wheel") and conjures up some truly ugly imagery in songs such as "Licksore", "Beauteous Rot", "Immortal Corrupter" and "The Apes of Wrath". "Biledriver" is about a fluid-spewing cannon, which can be seen in the "Immortal Corrupter" video and on tour. The cannon itself has now become something of a staple at their live shows.
"The Song of Words", inspired by the 11th-century French epic poem The Song Of Roland, is the only song with the voices of Jizmak Da Gusha (though Jizmak would later sing part of "El Presidente" on the album The Blood of Gods) and Flattus Maximus (though Maximus did sing lead vocals on the 2009 album Lust in Space), though neither of them are really singing. Nobody is really singing on the song (Beefcake the Mighty, Balsac the Jaws of Death and Oderus Urungus all speak, as opposed to sing - appropriately for a "Song of Words"). Technically, it is tied with "Jiggle The Handle" for the most vocalists on a Gwar song, though Maximus and Da Gusha each have five words. Indeed, the entire album has a narrative feel to it.
Though touching on the "Gwar lore" that began on Hell-O, Violence Has Arrived follows no individual story. This was, in large part, because of the disappointing reaction to We Kill Everything by the band, and due to Slave Pit Inc.'s diminished ranks - the previous year Danielle Stampe (Slymenstra Hymen) and Hunter Jackson (Techno Destructo) had left, as well as "slave" Davis Bradley (though retired from touring for spinal reasons, he did build the Biledriver).
The cover artwork was created by the Games Workshop illustrator Adrian Smith. There are two versions of the illustration used for the cover. That on the album cover shows Oderus with a codpiece and the poster in the booklet has the Cuttlefish of Cthulhu uncovered.
Departures
Violence Has Arrived was Casey Orr's last Gwar album before he took an extended leave from the band. It is also the only Gwar album with Zach Blair on guitar. Blair left in early 2002, while Orr left shortly before the Halloween 2002 tour. Orr has since returned to the fold, replacing Todd Evans in April 2008. "Immortal Corrupter" is the only video from this album, and shows Orr in the role of Beefcake the Mighty for the last time before he left.
It is also the final album on Metal Blade Records until 2009. In a 2004 interview, Beefcake the Mighty (then portrayed by Todd Evans) said that the reason for the switch was because Metal Blade had some European distribution problems, and they were not being fixed. However, Brockie has also said that their departure was a result of them being denied payments owed to them for a number of years, due to the poor sales of the previous two albums, which also led to cutting off the Europe deal. The band returned to Metal Blade Records for their 2009 release, Lust in Space, which is also their first album since reuniting with the bass guitarist Casey Orr.
"Immortal Corrupter"
"Immortal Corrupter" is the only song on Violence Has Arrived with a music video, and is found only on the Ultimate Video Gwarchive DVD, released at the end of 2002. The DVD features commentary from Brockie, Scott Krahl, Matt Maguire, Bob Gorman and Michael Derks, with special commentary from Mike Bonner for the video to "The Road Behind". The video is Casey Orr's final video. Zach Blair had left just prior to recording, so fill-in Flattus Tim Harriss (who portrayed Flattus on their previous album) had to wear the Violence Has Arrived-era Flattus costume for the video.
The spelling for "Immortal Corrupter" is incorrect - the word "corruptor" does not have the letter e. It is corrected on the back cover of Live from Mt. Fuji. The video has it with the Violence Has Arrived spelling.
"Immortal Corrupter" was one of the two songs from this album to appear on Live From Mt. Fuji, along with "Biledriver". Both are favorite concert songs, by fans and band alike.
Reaction
Violence Has Arrived was an album that the band enjoyed recording - "Everyone was ecstatic when Gwar put out “Violence Has Arrived” in 2001 — it marked Gwar's triumphant return to metal, and the world breathed a collective sigh of relief that we hadn't put out another “We Kill Everything”" (from a March 23, 2006, news entry at gwar.net) - and is still featured heavily on tour, be it in song ("Biledriver" is often used to end shows) or in theme (storyless carnage has been a big part of Gwar's tours in the past few years, though that changed in fall 2006, with the tour supporting Beyond Hell). Violence Has Arrived was also a more successful album in terms of album sales, which had been on the decline since Ragnarök.
When asked about his favorite Gwar album to listen to, Don Drakulich (Sleazy P. Martini) named this album.
Track listing
Personnel
Dave Brockie (Oderus Urungus) - lead vocals
Zach Blair (Flattus Maximus) – lead guitar, background vocals
Mike Derks (Balsac the Jaws of Death) – rhythm guitar, background vocals
Casey Orr (Beefcake the Mighty) – bass guitar, background vocals
Brad Roberts (Jizmak Da Gusha) - drums, percussion
Manisha Joshi - additional vocals on "Beauteous Rot"
References
2001 albums
Gwar albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence%20Has%20Arrived |
The Francist Movement (, MF) was a French Fascist and anti-semitic league created by Marcel Bucard in September 1933 that edited the newspaper Le Francisme. Mouvement franciste reached a membership of 10,000 and was financed by the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini. Its members were deemed the francistes or Chemises bleues (Blueshirts) and gave the Roman salute (a paramilitary character that was mirrored in France by François Coty's Solidarité Française).
It took part in the Paris protests of 6 February 1934, during which the entire far right (from Action Française to Croix-de-Feu) protested the implications of the Stavisky Affair and possibly attempted to topple Édouard Daladier's government. It incorporated the Solidarité française after Coty's death later in the same year.
All of the movements that participated in the 6 February riots were outlawed in 1936, when Léon Blum's Popular Front government passed new legislation on the matter. After a failed attempt in 1938, the movement was refounded as a political party (Parti franciste) in 1941, after France had been overrun by Nazi Germany.
Together with Jacques Doriot's Parti Populaire Français and Marcel Déat's Rassemblement National Populaire, the francistes were the main collaborators of the Nazi occupiers and Vichy France. The Parti Franciste did not survive the end of World War II, and was considered treasonous.
Creation
Francisme was created in August–September 1933 by Marcel Bucard, a former seminarian and war hero, who had already participated in a number of nationalist and proto-fascist movements: French Action, Faisceau, French Solidarity and Croix de Feu. The official creation takes place on 29 September 1933 at 11 pm, during a ceremony organized at the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Marcel Bucard whilst delivering a speech at the ceremony stated that he wanted: "(...) to found a movement of revolutionary action whose aim is to conquer the power" and "to stop the race to the abyss".
The movement was heavily inspired by Mussolini's National Fascist Party and so received significant funding and support from the Italian fascist movement. In response to this Bucard wrote, "Our Francism is to France what Fascism is to Italy".
Collaboration with the Germans
During the Occupation, the Franciste Movement was relaunched and along with Jacques Doriot's French Popular Party (PPF) and Marcel Déat's National Popular Rally (RNP) is one of the most notable political movement to collaborate with the occupying German authorities.
On May 5, 1941, Marcel Bucard and Paul Guiraud (associate of philosophy, son of Jean Guiraud, editor-in-chief of La Croix ) relaunched Francisme. Paul Guiraud attempted to give the movement a more "socialist" look. Similarly, Bucard defended the General Confederation of Labour (dissolved during the occupation) and criticized the Labor Charter elaborated by the Vichy regime, which he considered not socialist enough.
Like the other collaboration movements, the movement failed to become a mass movement. At its peak (summer 1943), according to historian duo Lambert-Le Marec it had some 5,500 members (4,000 in the provinces and 1,500 in the Paris region) or, according to other sources, reach a maximum of 8,000 members. The newspaper Le Franciste reached a maximum circulation during the war of 20,000 copies.
In 1943, it participated in a collaborationist front, dominated by the National Popular Rally, in an attempt to unify with other fascist movements. Like the other parties, the Franciste Movement was heavily collaborationist (creation of the Task Forces to fight against resistance was one such example). Many of its members participated in anti-Semitic and anti-communist operations as well as its members joining the Milice which actively targeted the French Resistance. Particularly well established in the departments of Seine-et-Oise and Morbihan, where locals were involved in incidents of violence.
On July 4, 1944, a policeman was killed and another injured by the bodyguards of Bucard during an altercation. Bucard was then imprisoned but released on July 29, just in time to flee to Germany on August 12 with the other Francists as the Allies launch Operation Overlord. Bucard was finally arrested, tried and sentenced to death on February 21, 1946, shot on March 19 at Fort Chatillon, near Paris. Facing the pole, he refused to wear a headband and, once attached, shouted, "Qui vive? La France!" before the salvo struck him dead. His family were denied a request that his body is deposited in the family vault, and Marcel Bucard was buried in the Parisian cemetery of Thiais, in the current department of Val-de-Marne.
References
John Bingham Defining French fascism, finding fascists in France Canadian Journal of History (Dec. 1994)
Stanley Payne A history of fascism, London, University College of London Press, 1995, pp. 400-401.
Political parties established in 1933
1933 establishments in France
Political parties disestablished in 1945
1945 disestablishments in France
French far right leagues
Fascist parties in France
Political parties of the Vichy regime
Fascist parties
Banned far-right parties
Clothing in politics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement%20Franciste |
Peter Stafford (1941 – July 20, 2007) was an American writer and author of the Psychedelics Encyclopedia. Stafford is also co-author with Bonnie Golightly of LSD: The Problem-solving Psychedelic, as well as other books on psychedelics.
Biography
Stafford was born in Oakland, California. He attended Reed College and graduated from the University of Washington.
In 1961, while at Reed College, Stafford experimented with the Native American sacred cactus Peyote. He moved to the East Village in New York City in 1964, where he spent the next ten years.
He was the editor of Crawdaddy! magazine from 1969 to 1970. He was a contributor to High Times.
In 1974, Stafford moved to Santa Cruz, California, with the intention of reconnecting with his father, whom he had not seen since early childhood.
Stafford died on July 20, 2007, in Santa Cruz, apparently from a complete heart block and injuries sustained falling from a ladder in his home.
Selected works
(with B. H. Golightly) LSD: The Problem-solving Psychedelic (1967) — also called LSD In Action (1969)
Psychedelic Baby Reaches Puberty (1971).
Psychedelic Encyclopedia (And/Or Press, 1977). — republished in 1993 by Ronin Publishing
Magic Mushrooms (Ronin Publishing, 2003)
Psychedelics (Ronin Publishing, 2003).
References
External links
LSD: The Problem-Solving Psychedelic - Drug Library
Psychedelics Encyclopedia - Erowid reviews
Peter Stafford Papers (ca. 1960-1971)- Columbia University Libraries
1939 births
2007 deaths
Reed College alumni
American encyclopedists
American magazine editors
Accidental deaths from falls
Writers from Oakland, California
Psychedelic drug researchers
American psychedelic drug advocates
Accidental deaths in California
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
People from the East Village, Manhattan
Psychonautics researchers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Stafford |
The Netherlands national baseball team is the national baseball team of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, representing the country in international men's baseball. They are currently ranked as the best team in the WBSC Europe, and the team is also ranked seventh in the WBSC World Rankings.
The Netherlands participated in the Summer Olympic Games in 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2008. The team has also participated in both of the other major international baseball tournaments recognised by the International Baseball Federation (IBAF): the World Baseball Classic (WBC) and the Baseball World Cup. In 2011, the team won the World Cup after beating 25-time champion Cuba in the finals. The team is controlled by the Royal Netherlands Baseball and Softball Federation, which is represented in the WBSC Europe.
The team is made up primarily of players from the Netherlands in Europe, and from Dutch territories and islands in the Caribbean that are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, such as Aruba and Curaçao (which is part of the former Netherlands Antilles, which have since been dissolved), where baseball is extremely popular. Some foreigners of Dutch descent have also been members of the team. While baseball only maintains a niche following throughout Europe, the Netherlands, along with Italy, are the two European countries where the sport's popularity is strongest; the team has finished in either first or second place in 31 out of the 32 European Baseball Championships in which it has appeared, the exception being the 2023 European Baseball Championship, where it finished in third place.
The team played in the 2017 World Baseball Classic, and finished in 4th place. It won the 2019 European Baseball Championship, winning a gold medal. It then competed at the Africa/Europe 2020 Olympic Qualification tournament, in Italy in September 2019, taking second place behind Team Israel. The team tried but failed to qualify for the 2020 Olympics at the three-team Final Qualifying Tournament in late June 2021.
Results and fixtures
The following is a list of professional baseball match results currently active in the latest version of the WBSC World Rankings, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Legend
2019
2021
2022
2023
Current roster
Tournament record
World Baseball Classic
The Netherlands has competed in all five of the World Baseball Classic tournaments held. All 16 teams that played in the 2006 edition were invited to compete in the second in 2009. The team was an automatic qualifier for the 2013 and 2017 tournaments.
The Netherlands has progressed to the second round of competition in 2009, and achieved its highest finish, 4th, in both the 2013 and 2017 tournaments. Unusual for international competition in baseball, the squads selected in the World Baseball Classic tournaments featured players active in Major League Baseball in addition to Minor League, Nippon Professional Baseball, and local players. Generally players in the Major Leagues are unavailable due to their contracts with the respective clubs.
The Netherlands team in the World Baseball Classic has featured several Major Leaguers: Andruw Jones, Sidney Ponson, Randall Simon, Roger Bernadina, Shairon Martis, Jonathan Schoop, Xander Bogaerts, Andrelton Simmons, Didi Gregorius, Jurickson Profar, and Kenley Jansen, most born in the Caribbean in either Aruba or Curaçao.
2006
Prior to the 2006 World Baseball Classic, the Netherlands played four exhibition games. They lost two games, against a college team from the University of Tampa and an Atlanta Braves squad, at Cracker Jack Stadium in Kissimmee, Florida.
The Netherlands competed in Pool C—along with world champion Cuba, Panama, and Puerto Rico—in the first round at the Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Having failed to win against Cuba and Puerto Rico in their round-robin pool games, they finished third in their pool, and were eliminated along with Panama.
2009
Prior to the 2009 World Baseball Classic, the Netherlands played seven exhibition games, including three games against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, and Minnesota Twins. The Netherlands team lost all three games against these MLB opponents.
The Netherlands competed in Pool D, along with 2006 WBC semi-finalist Dominican Republic, Panama, and Puerto Rico, in the first round at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The team won both games against the strong Dominican Republic team. As result, the team made it through the first double-elimination round along with Puerto Rico.
In the second round the Dutch lost both their games against Venezuela and the United States. Therefore, the team was eliminated and finished 7th in the final standings.
2013
The Netherlands competed in Pool B against Chinese Taipei, South Korea, and Australia at the Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium in Taichung, Taiwan. The Dutch team won their first game against South Korea 5–0, but lost to the Chinese Taipei 8–3. However, the Netherlands won against Australia 4–1, thus securing their position for Round 1 in Tokyo Dome to face off against Japan and Cuba.
The Dutch team defeated the Cuban team 6–2 before facing two-time defending champion Japan and earned a humiliating loss 16–4 at the end of 7th inning due to mercy rule and faced off against Cuba once again. They narrowly clinched their win against the Cuban team 7–6 to secure their position in the semi-finals where they lost against the Japanese team again 10–6. They faced off against the Dominican Republic where they lost 4–1. The Netherlands finished 4th overall.
2017
Team Netherlands, ranked 9th in the world, included major league stars, many of whom were raised in islands in the Caribbean that are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The players included All Star shortstop Xander Bogaerts (Boston Red Sox; from Aruba), 20-home-run-hitter shortstop Didi Gregorius (New York Yankees; raised in Curaçao, which is part of the former Netherlands Antilles which have since been dissolved), 20-home-run-hitter second baseman Jonathan Schoop (Baltimore Orioles; born in Curaçao), Gold-Glover shortstop Andrelton Simmons (Los Angeles Angels; born in Curaçao), and infielder/outfielder Jurickson Profar (Texas Rangers; born in Curaçao). Sports Illustrated opined that the Dutch team "boasts arguably the most talented infield in the entire tournament."
The Netherlands was defeated by Team Israel (4–2). It then beat South Korea (5–0) and Taiwan (6–5), in the first round of the 2017 World Baseball Classic. Along with Israel, which came in ahead of it in the pool, it qualified for the next round, in Japan.
In what NBC reported was thought to be the tallest batter-pitcher matchup in baseball history, the Dutch team’s pitcher Loek van Mil walked Israel's first baseman Nate Freiman.
In the second round an extra innings loss against Japan was followed by two mercy rule wins against Israel and Cuba. Together with Japan which had finished top of the pool the Netherlands advanced to the championship round. 2016 All Star and NL Reliever of the Year Kenley Jansen joined the Dutch team for the championship round.
The Netherlands semifinal match against Puerto Rico ended with an 11th inning walk-off sac fly by Eddie Rosario. The final score was 3–4. Dutch outfielder Wladimir Balentien was chosen in the All-WBC team.
Olympics
The Dutch best finish in an Olympics is fifth place, which they did in both 1996 & 2000. The first time the Netherlands participated in the baseball tournament at the Summer Olympics was in . Netherlands finished with a 1–2 record, with its only victory coming against Chinese Taipei. There was no official placing as Baseball at the 1988 Summer Olympics was a demonstration sport.
It competed at the Africa/Europe 2020 Olympic Qualification tournament, in Italy in September 2019, taking second place behind Israel.
Baseball World Cup
Their best finish in the International Baseball Federation's (IBAF) World Cup was first place, which they achieved in . Netherlands also hosted the games twice, in and in . In , the Netherlands was one of the 8 European nations to host the 2009 Baseball World Cup. It marked the first time in history that the World Cup was not hosted by a specific country, but rather by a whole continent.
European Baseball Championship
Team Netherlands won the 2019 European Baseball Championship, winning a gold medal. Among the players competing for it were Roger Bernadina, Mike Bolsenbroek, Donny Breek, Rob Cordemans, Tom de Blok, Yurendell DeCaster, Lars Huijer, Kevin Kelly, Dwayne Kemp, Diego Markwell, Randolph Oduber, Dashenko Ricardo, Shairon Martis, Kalian Sams, Sharlon Schoop, Curt Smith, Tom Stuifbergen, JC Sulbaran, and Orlando Yntema.
European Baseball Championship
Other tournament results
Intercontinental Cup
Haarlemse Honkbalweek
World Port Tournament
World Junior Baseball Championship
European Junior Baseball Championship | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands%20national%20baseball%20team |
Christof Migone is a Swiss-born experimental sound artist and writer, formerly based in Montreal, now living in Toronto.
He is assistant professor at the Department of Visual Arts at the University of Western Ontario
Migone's solo recordings include Sound Voice Perform (2006), South Winds (2003), Crackers (2001), Quieting (2000), The Death of Analogies (1999), vex (1998) and Hole in the Head (1996). All of which were recorded on various labels: Avatar, ND, Alien 8, Locust, and Oral. His writing on audio art has appeared in EAR magazine, Radiotext(e), Radio Rethink, Theater Drama Review, Parachute, Site of Sound: of Architecture and the Ear, Experimental Sound and Radio edited by Allen S. Weiss, Writing Aloud: The Sonics of Language, S:ON Sound in Contemporary Canadian Art edited by Nicole Gingras, and Aural Cultures edited by Jim Drobnick. In Sonic Somatic: Performances of the Unsound Body, Migone proposed a form of aesthetic sonic philosophy, which explored how sound shapes and disrupts the way art shifted from subject to object through to the abject.
He was a founding member of the audio based artist-run center Avatar in Quebec City. Avatar releases audio projects by artists under the name Ohm/Avatar.
References
External links
Official site
University of Toronto research profile
Online bio-discography
Reviews for Sound Voice Perform
Blackwood Gallery
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian sound artists
Artists from Montreal
Alien8 Recordings artists
Locust Music artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christof%20Migone |
Albion Fairs was the general name for the second wave of East Anglian Fairs, running from 1978 until 1982. There were further fairs in the same tradition most years until the end of the 1980s.
The East Anglian Fairs began with the Barsham Medieval Faire in 1972, and developed into a significant feature of rural counterculture in Britain, drawing on aspects of pop festival culture, the reinvention of traditional rural or nomadic seasonal gatherings, and a back-to-the-land early green ethos. The voluntary organisers worked under the name of the East Anglian Arts Trust (EAAT). Barsham Faire ran annually on the August Bank Holiday until 1976. In 1976, EAAT revived the Bungay May Horse Fair, which was also held in 1977. An ad hoc group of fair organisers and crew participated in the Eye Show in August 1977. This led to the formation, in the winter of 1977/1978, of Albion Fairs.
Many London and East Anglian bands and theatre groups played at these fairs, among them The Papers, who released a live album (live at Thornham Magna) in 1981, capturing the atmosphere of the fairs. They played as the headline act at Barsham, Cromer and many other events, as well as being well known on the London clubs circuit. Three singles were released in the 1980s and in 2016 the band reformed, releasing a third album and five further singles.
Some events used the spelling Fayre or Faire.
In the 1990s and 2000s, a fairly vibrant if not quite as accessible successor to the Fairs in the region was organised as the mostly biennial gatherings of Dance Camp East.
References
Bibliography
Richard Barnes (1982) Sun in the East: Norfolk and Suffolk Fairs. Kirstead, Norfolk: RB Photographic. .
George McKay (1996) Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance since the Sixties, chapter one 'The free festivals and Fairs of Albion'. London: Verso. .
Gill Seyfang et al., eds. (2005) The Rising Sun: Celebrating Dance Camp East. Norwich: Dance Camp East. .
External links
The East Anglian Fairs, 1972-1986
"The last Barsham Faire" at the East Anglian Film Archive
Dance Camp East
Fairs in England
Counterculture festivals
Festivals established in 1978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albion%20Fairs |
Susan Headley (born 1959, also known as Susy Thunder or Susan Thunder) is a former phreaker and early computer hacker during the late 1970s and early 1980s. A member of the so-called Cyberpunks, Headley specialized in social engineering, a type of hacking which uses pretexting and misrepresentation of oneself in contact with targeted organizations in order to elicit information vital to hacking those organizations.
Biography
Born in Altona, Illinois in 1959, Headley claims to have dropped out of school in the eighth grade after a difficult childhood. She later moved to Los Angeles, California where she worked as a teenage prostitute and was a rock 'n' roll groupie, claiming all four former members of the Beatles among her conquests. She met computer hacker Kevin Mitnick (also known as Condor) in 1980, and together with another hacker, Lewis de Payne (also known as Roscoe), formed a gang of phone phreaks. In The Hacker's Handbook, Headley is referred to as "one of the earliest of the present generation of hackers" and described as successfully hacking the US phone system as a 17-year-old in 1977.
On October 25, 1983, Headley testified in front of the Governmental Affairs oversight committee as to the technical capabilities and possible motivations of modern-day hackers and phone phreaks.
Public service
Headley was elected to public office in California in 1994, as City Clerk of California City.
Personal life
Headley is married, and lives in the Midwest. She is a coin collector.
References
External links
Esquire magazine article on Mitnick, including interview with Susan Thunder
Cyberpunks: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier Book by Katie Hafner
Hendon Mob poker players' database entry for Susy Thunder
Searching for Susy Thunder by Claire L. Evans
Living people
1959 births
American computer criminals
California City, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Headley |
"Sewn" is the first properly released single of British rock group the Feeling, following the 7-inch only single "Fill My Little World" (which would later become a full single release itself). It was released in the UK on 27 February 2006 and entered the UK Singles Chart at 7 on 5 March 2006. "Sewn" gained the band a lot of support and went on to become one of the most successful songs of the year on British radio, with Chris Moyles of BBC Radio 1 championing the band.
The single was recorded in sibling band members Kevin and Ciaran Jeremiah's dad's shed, known as "Kevin and Ciaran's mum and dad's outbuilding". Four Stops and Home, the Feeling's debut release for American audiences, incorporates "Sewn" as its leading track as well as its single artwork. In August 2006, on the USA's iTunes Store, "Sewn" was a single of the week.
Music video
The music video of Sewn contains the band members playing the song as they are getting wrapped up in cords, wires and ropes.
Track listings
UK CD single
"Sewn" – 5:57
"Sun Is Shining" – 3:06
"When I Return" – 4:06
7-inch single
A. "Sewn" – 5:57
B. "Funny Cigarette" – 3:06
Digital download
"Sewn" (radio edit) – 3:45
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2006 singles
2006 songs
The Feeling songs
Island Records singles
LGBT-related songs
Songs written by Ciaran Jeremiah
Songs written by Dan Gillespie Sells
Songs written by Kevin Jeremiah
Songs written by Paul Stewart (musician)
Songs written by Richard Jones (The Feeling) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewn%20%28song%29 |
Carole Freeman (born January 10, 1949) is a lawyer and politician in Quebec. She was a Member of Parliament representing the Bloc Québécois for the riding of Châteauguay—Saint-Constant from 2006 to 2011.
External links
Bloc Québécois MPs
1949 births
Women members of the House of Commons of Canada
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
People from Châteauguay
Women in Quebec politics
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole%20Freeman |
The Seven Treasuries (, THL: Dzö Dün), are a collection of seven works, some with auto-commentaries, by the Tibetan Buddhist teacher Longchenpa (1308–1364). They constitute his most influential scholarly output and together provide a systematic overview of exoteric and esoteric topics from the point of view of the Nyingma school's Dzogchen tradition.
Texts
The Seven Treasuries are:
The Wish Fulfilling Treasury (Tib. ཡིད་བཞིན་མཛོད་, Yishyin Dzö; Wyl. yid bzhin mdzod, YZD), it has a long prose commentary, the White Lotus (padma dkar po). This text mainly deals with classic Buddhist topics common to all schools of Tibetan Buddhism and could be classified as a Lamrim type work according to Germano.
The Treasury of Pith Instructions (Tib. མན་ངག་མཛོད་, Mengak Dzö; Wyl. man ngag mdzod, MND), a short text which consists of advice for meditative contemplation and which only deals in passing with Dzogchen topics.
The Treasury of Philosophical Systems (Tib. གྲུབ་མཐའ་མཛོད་, Drubta Dzö; Wyl. grub mtha' mdzod, GTD), a work of the "tenets" ( grub mtha', Skt. siddhanta) genre which gives a systematic and doxographic account of the various Buddhist philosophical views. Longchenpa uses the nine yanas schema in this work to discuss the various Buddhist philosophies, and naturally places Dzogchen at the pinnacle.
The Treasury of Word and Meaning (Tib. ཚིག་དོན་མཛོད་, Tsik Dön Dzö; Wyl. tshig don mdzod, TDD), a shorter overview of Dzogchen thought and practice which follows the outline of the "eleven vajra topics".
The Treasury of the Supreme Vehicle (Tib. ཐེག་མཆོག་མཛོད་, Tekchok Dzö; Wyl. theg mchog mdzod, TCD), a large commentary on all topics of the Dzogchen tradition found in the Seventeen Tantras which provide a wide ranging and systematic account of Dzogchen that goes into much more detail than the Tsik Dön Dzö.
The Treasury of the Dharmadhatu (Tib. ཆོས་དབྱིངས་མཛོད་, Chöying Dzö; Wyl. chos dbyings mdzod, CBD), a poem with a prose commentary called the Treasure Trove of Scriptural Transmissions (lung gi gter mdzod). This is a free ranging poetic work which discusses Dzogchen topics in much less comprehensive manner. According to Germano this can be seen as "a hymn to the mind of enlightenment (which is synonymous with the Great Perfection)."
The Treasury of the Natural State (Tib. གནས་ལུགས་མཛོད་, Neluk Dzö; Wyl. gnas lugs mdzod, NLD), a poem with its prose commentary, the Desum Nyingpo (sde gsum snying po). This work mainly discusses the four samayas or commitments of Dzogchen (ineffability, openness, spontaneous presence, and oneness).
According to Germano, the Tsik Dön Dzö and the Tekchok Dzö together constitute:Longchenpa's main scholastic work on the Great Perfection tradition, and can be understood as a "commentary" on The Seventeen Tantras which attempts to provide a tightly ordered comprehensive account of the entire range of philosophical and contemplative issues found in the classical Great Perfection tradition...It should also noted that both works are among Longchenpa's most difficult, especially in terms of their often lengthy citations of obscure versified texts. As such, these are prose texts that lack the intense beauty of some of Longchenpa's other poetic works...yet compensate for it in their structural precision, wide-ranging span, and dramatic force as they journey through the entire history of the Universe, from the pre-origination primordial state of the Universe or Being in itself, through involution, evolution, and the spiritual path, on up to the final culmination of the Universe's self-exploration.Germano outlines the traditional way these texts are studied as follows:According to Khenpo Jikphun (i.e., Jigme Phuntsok) (the only living Tibetan Master I know of who openly and frequently teaches Longchenpa's entire range of Great Perfection writings to a monastic congregation in general), the natural teaching order of The Seven Treasuries is to begin with YZD, which extensively teaches the lower Buddhist and non-Buddhist tenet systems in classical India as well as the exoteric cosmological background; second is GTD, which deals with a similar range of teachings, as well as including a brief treatment of the higher ends of the spiritual path (i.e. the Great Perfection); third is MND, which teaches the exoteric mental training (bLo sByong) along with some aspects of the Great Perfection; fourth and fifth are CBD and NLD, whose teachings focus on Breakthrough contemplation, the former on its view, and the latter on its commitments; sixth is TDD which teaches the Great Perfection's own spiritual tenet system including the practice of Direct Transcendence, and limits itself to the essentials of this most profound of teachings; and seventh is TCD, which rounds out TDD's treatment to provide a more exhaustive analysis including related peripheral topics.
English Translations
1.
Padma karpo (The White Lotus) (excerpts). In Tulku Thondup. The Practice of Dzogchen
Chapter One translated by Kennard Lipman in Crystal Mirror V: Lineage of Diamond Light (Compiled by Tarthang Tulku, Dharma Publishing, 1977), pp.336-356.
Chapter 18 translated by Albion Moonlight Butters in The Doxographical Genius of Kun mkhyen kLong chen rab 'byams pa. Columbia 2006.
2.
The Precious Treasury of Pith Instructions (Upadeśa ratna kośa nāma/Man ngag rin po che'i mdzod ces bya ba). Translated by Richard Barron (Lama Chökyi Nyima). Padma Publishing 2006
3.
The Precious Treasury of Philosophical Systems (Yāna sakalārtha dīpa siddhyanta ratna kośa nāma/Theg pa mtha' dag gi don gsal bar byed pa grub pa'i mtha' rin po che'i mdzod ces bya ba). Translated by Richard Barron (Chökyi Nyima). Padma Publishing 2007
The Treasury of Doxography (Grub mtha mdzod). In The Doxographical Genius of Kun mkhyen kLong chen rab 'byams pa. Translated by Albion Moonlight Butters. Columbia University 2006
Grub mtha' rdzod (sic) (excerpt) in The Life and Teachings of Vairochana. Translated by A. W. Hanson-Barber. Unpublished thesis. University of Wisconsin 1984.
4.
Precious Treasury of Genuine Meaning (tsig don rinpoche dzod). Complete, translated by Light of Berotsana. Snow Lion 2015, revised 2020.
The Treasury of Precious Words and Meanings. Illuminating the Three Sites of the Unsurpassed Secret, the Adamantine Nucleus of Radiant Light (Padārtha Ratnasya Kośa nāma/Tshig Don Rin-po-che mDzod Ces Bya Ba), chapters 1-5. In David Francis Germano. Poetic Thought, the Intelligent Universe and the Mystery of Self: the Tantric Synthesis of rDzogs Chen in fourteenth century Tibet. The University of Wisconsin, 1992.
Tshigdon Dzod (excerpts). In Tulku Thondup. The Practice of Dzogchen
5.
Precious Treasury of the Supreme Vehicle some chapters.
6.
The Precious Treasury of the Basic Space of Phenomena (Dharmadhātu ratna kośa nāma//Chos dbyings rin po che'i mdzod ces bya ba). Translated by Richard Barron (Chökyi Nyima). Padma Publishing 2001.
A Treasure Trove of Scriptural Transmission (Dharmadhātu ratna kośa nāma vṛtti/Chos dbyings rin po che'i mdzod ces bya ba'i 'grel pa). Translated by Richard Barron (Chökyi Nyima). Padma Publishing 2001.
Spaciousness: The Radical Dzogchen of the Vajra-Heart. Longchenpa's Treasury of the Dharmadhatu (Dharmadhātu ratna kośa nāma//Chos dbyings rin po che'i mdzod ces bya ba). Translated by Keith Dowman. Vajra Publishing 2013.
The Precious Treasury of Phenomenal Space (Dharmadhātu ratna kośa nāma//Chos dbyings rin po che'i mdzod ces bya ba), in Great Perfection: The Essence of Pure Spirituality. Translated by Shyalpa Tenzin Rinpoche. Vajra 2015.
Choying Dzod (excerpts). In Tulku Thondup. The Practice of Dzogchen
7.
The Precious Treasury of the Way of Abiding (Tathātva ratna kośa nāma/gNas lugs rin po che'i mdzod ces bya ba). Translated by Richard Barron (Chökyi Nyima). Padma Publishing 1998.
Commentary on The Treasury of the Precious Abiding Reality: A Meaning Commentary on the Quintessence of the Three Series (Tathātva ratna kośa nāma vritti). In The Rhetoric of Naturalness: A Study of the gNas lugs mdzod. Translated by Gregory Alexander Hillis. University of Virginia 2003
Natural Perfection (gNas lugs mdzod). Translated by Keith Dowman. Wisdom Publications 2010.
The Precious Treasury of the Fundamental Nature with a commentary by Khangsar Tenpa'i Wangchuk. Translated by Padmakara Translation Group. Shambhala 2022.
Editions
Gangtok, Sikkim: Dodrup Chen Rinpoche, c. 1968. (The complete set of printing blocks for this edition are now held at the National Library of Bhutan and re-printed from time to time on Bhutanese paper).
Gangtok, Sikkim: Lama Dawa & Sherab Gyaltsen, 1983. Reprod. from prints from the Sde-dge blocks belonging to Lopon Sonam Sangpo.
Gangtok, Sikkim, 1986. Reprint of Dodrup Chen Rinpoche ed.
Lumbini : Lumbini Internat. Research Inst., 2000. The oldest block print of Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa's Theg mchog mdzod : facsimile edition of early Tibetan block prints ; with an introduction / by Franz-Karl Ehrhard. (Vol. 2 of Early Buddhist Block Prints from Mang-yul Gung-thang.)
Dege
Notes
Nyingma texts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven%20Treasuries |
The Tennis Channel Open was a men's tennis tournament on the ATP International Series which was held for the first time in Las Vegas, Nevada from February 27 to March 5, 2006. In the men's singles final, James Blake defeated Lleyton Hewitt while the men's doubles title was won by Bob and Mike Bryan.
In 2005, The Tennis Channel purchased the tournament from IMG and moved it from Scottsdale to Las Vegas. In April 2008, The Tennis Channel announced that it was selling the tournament to the ATP, and the week the event had been held was now the first week of Davis Cup.
Past finals
The tournament had been in existence since 1986 located at the Scottsdale Radisson Resort. From 1987–2005 the tournament took place at the Fairmont Scottsdale Princess, where Andre Agassi was crowned champion four times.
Singles
Doubles
See also
The Tennis Channel
Alan King Tennis Classic
Las Vegas Challenger
List of tennis tournaments
References
External links
The Tennis Channel official website
Tennis Channel Open homepPage
ATP Tour
Grand Prix tennis circuit
Hard court tennis tournaments
Defunct tennis tournaments in the United States
Tennis in Las Vegas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20Channel%20Open |
Aleksey Ivanovich Abrikosov (; – 9 April 1955) was a Soviet pathologist and a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (since 1939) and the Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences (since 1944).
Early life
Aleksey Abrikosov was born into a wealthy family of factory owners, who were the official suppliers of chocolate confections to the Russian Imperial Court. His grandfather was the industrialist Aleksei Ivanovich Abrikosov, who was the founder of the company now known as Babayevsky. His father, Ivan Alekseevich Abrikosov, was expected to take over the family firm until his premature death from tuberculosis. His siblings included future Tsarist diplomat Dmitry Abrikosov and future Catholic Sainthood Candidate Anna Abrikosova.
Although the younger members of the family rarely attended Divine Liturgy, the Abrikosovs regarded themselves as pillars of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Career
Abrokosov published works on the subject of the pathological morphology of tuberculosis and tumors, including the neuroectodermal tumor. This was described by Abrikosov as "myoblastomyoma." Based upon his work, this type of tumor was named "Abrikosov's tumor". He was the author of a multi-volume handbook in special pathology.
Embalming of Lenin
On the morning of January 23, 1924, Abrikosov was given the task of embalming Lenin’s body to keep it intact until his burial. The body is still on permanent display in the Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow.
Personal life
Aleksey Abrikosov was the father of Alexei Abrikosov, a theoretical physicist and a co-recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics.
He died on April 9, 1955 in Moscow aged 80, and was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.
In popular culture
Aleksey Abrikosov is believed to be the inspiration for Professor Persikov, the protagonist of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel Fatal Eggs. The character's name is a pun, as, in Russian, abrikos means "apricot" and persik means "peach".
Honors and awards
Stalin Prize, first class (1942) - for scientific study "Private pathological anatomy. Part II: The heart and blood vessels", published in late 1940.
Two Orders of Lenin
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Hero of Socialist Labour (1945)
References
Bibliography
External links
Pathologists from the Russian Empire
Soviet pathologists
1875 births
1955 deaths
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Academicians of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University alumni
Imperial Moscow University alumni
Professorships at the Imperial Moscow University
Academic staff of Moscow State University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey%20Abrikosov |
Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), commonly known as Mitford, is a public medical college located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Founded in 1875, it is the oldest and second largest medical school in Bangladesh. It includes Mitford Hospital, which is the oldest hospital in the country and one of the earliest hospitals in this subcontinent from where the evolution of medical education started.
The medical college was established with the goal of flourishing medical education in East Bengal and to provide better healthcare services to the people. It has been producing quality physicians, eminent researchers and health policy makers who are currently working in different medical sectors at home and abroad.
History
Sir Salimullah Medical College was established in 1875 in Old Dhaka as Dhaka Medical School with Mitford Hospital being a part of the college. Mitford Hospital was named after Robert Mitford, a British colonial official, who funded the hospital. He left his estate to the government of Bengal to establish a medical facility in Dacca. The Governor General of India, James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, established Mitford Hospital with the endowment. Funding for the school came from 16 aristocrats and philanthropists of Bengal. Babu Protap Chandra Dash, Gour Netai Shaha Shonkhonidhy, Shontosh Rani Dinmony Chowdhurany, and Shontosh Raja Monmoth Roy Chowdhury contributed funding for the water and sewage facilities of the school.
A medical school, the first of its kind in this region, began its journey on 15 June 1875. Later on, the DC of Dhaka division Mr. W.R. Larmini laid the stone of the academic building in April 1887. In September 1889, Governor of Bengal Sir Steuart Colvin Bayley presided over the opening ceremony of that building.
A total number of 384 students got admitted in the school in the first batch. The number increased by and by. They got admitted for a 4-year course leading to a diploma of LMF (Licentiate of Medical Faculty), offered by the State Medical Faculty.
The LMF course was abandoned in 1957. The medical school was converted to a medical college and named Mitford Medical College in 1962. The next year, governor Abdul Monem Khan renamed it Sir Sallimullah Medical College, after the name of Khwaja Salimullah, Nawab of Dhaka, in recognition of the contribution of the Nawab family to the establishment of the college. From 1963 to 1973, the college offered a condensed MBBS program.
Dr. AFM Nurul Islam took the chair of principal and started the condensed course of MBBS in 1963. After the Independence of Bangladesh, Professor Dr Muhammad Ibrahim took the chair of principal and under his direct supervision SSMC started its journey as a full-fledged medical college. On 8 February 1973, the first batch of undergraduates started their classes.
In 1974, the Civil Surgeon of Dhaka was relieved of his duty to oversee the college, after which a principal was appointed for SSMC and a superintendent was appointed for Mitford Hospital. The superintendent position was upgraded to director in 1984.
The postgraduate courses were introduced in January 2002. In May 2008, the college was suffering from a shortage of classrooms. In 2011, a Dental unit was established as a part of the medical college and the first batch of students of BDS course enrolled in 2012.
Campus
The campus is located at Mitford road, Babubazar, Old Dhaka, historic old part of the Dhaka city. It is spread over about 2.8 acres of land, on the bank of Buriganga river. The medical college building is situated to the south-east of the hospital area, near the river bank with a large garden in front. The building is four-storeyed with a floor space of 4,940 square meters on each floor. The building accommodates the Departments of Anatomy, Pathology, Biochemistry and Microbiology. The Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, Community Medicine and Forensic Medicine are housed in another building in front of the main building.
Mitford Hospital, one of the largest hospitals in Bangladesh, is located adjacent to the college campus. It occupies an oblong area of about 12.8 acres of land on the bank of Buriganga river. The hospital complex comprises more than fourteen buildings, most of which were originally single-storied and later have been raised to multiple storeys. With gradual expansion since its initial foundation, the campus comprises a mix of buildings depicting both modern and colonial architecture.
The main hospital building is eight-storeyed which is commonly known as 'surgery building', as it houses the surgical units. The outpatient department is located in another building, in front of the main building. The King Edward Building is three-storeyed which houses the medicine units, hence it is commonly known as 'medicine building'. The building is named after King Edward VII. A marble plaque on the entrance wall depicts a portrait of King Edward VII, to whom the building was dedicated.
Academics
Admission
A countrywide combined medical admission test for MBBS course is held every year under the supervision of DGHS. Students after passing Higher Secondary School Certificate or equivalent examinations with the required grades can apply for the test. In 2020, 230 seats were allocated for MBBS course in Sir Salimullah Medical College. The qualified candidates, according to their preferences, get the opportunity to study at the medical college. Foreign candidates are selected by DGHS and MOHFW as per required qualifications.
Undergraduate
The medical college offers MBBS and BDS degrees at the undergraduate level. It conducts the 5-year courses according to the curriculum developed by Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council. A medical student studies Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Forensic Medicine, Community Medicine, Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Medicine, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics during the MBBS course period.
The courses are divided into four phases. Four professional examinations, one at the end of each phase, are held under the University of Dhaka. After passing the final professional examination, a student is awarded the MBBS degree. After graduation, medical graduates are required to undertake one-year of internship training at the Mitford Hospital.
Postgraduate
The medical college offers MD, MS, MPhil and Diploma in several specialties in affiliation with the University of Dhaka and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. It is also recognised by the Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons for imparting training and conducting courses in various specialties.
Library
The library is situated on the ground floor of new academic building with a large collection of medical books. SSMC has a developing library section with books about educational innovations, educational psychology, instructional techniques, curriculum development, curriculum evaluation etc. Many WHO and other publications on human resource development for health are also available. The library is enriched with more than 150 journals and 23000 medical books.
Dental unit
In 2011, a Dental unit was established as a part of the medical college. The first batch of students of BDS course enrolled in 2012. A countrywide combined dental admission test is held every year and 52 seats are allocated for dental students in SSMC.
A dental student studies Anatomy & Dental Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology, Medicine, Surgery, Periodontology, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Orthodontics during the course period. After passing the final professional examination, a student is awarded the BDS degree. After graduation, dental graduates are required to undertake one-year of internship training at the Mitford Hospital.
Departments
SSMC and Mitford Hospital consist of following departments:
Pre-clinical
Department of Anatomy
Department of Physiology
Department of Biochemistry
Para-clinical
Department of Community Medicine
Department of Forensic Medicine
Department of Microbiology
Department of Pathology
Department of Pharmacology
Clinical
Department of Medicine
Department of Neurology
Department of Nephrology
Department of Cardiology
Department of Hematology
Department of Gastroenterology
Department of Psychiatry
Department of Dermatology
Department of Hepatology
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Neonatology
Department of Respiratory Medicine
Department of Transfusion Medicine
Department of Surgery
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Department of Neurosurgery
Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery
Department of Cardiac Surgery
Department of Orthopedics
Department of Urology
Department of Casualty
Department of Ophthalmology
Department of ENT and HNS
Department of Anesthesiology
Department of Gynae and Obs
Department of Radiology
Student life
Hostels
There are five residential halls for accommodation of the students as well as intern doctors. Three hostels for male students and interns are: four-storeyed Main hostel, six-storeyed Alauddin hostel and six-storeyed Intern doctors' hostel. Two hostels for female students and interns are: Ladies hostel and Female Intern doctors' hostel. The ladies hostel suffered from inadequate facilities for the number of female students.
Student organizations
SSMC pioneered some nationwide appreciated voluntary organizations like Sandhani, Rotaract club, Leo club etc. Medicine Club (a voluntary students' organization) established a unit here in 1990, for the first time outside of Mymensingh Medical College.
Debate and quiz
Students of the medical college often participate in debate and quiz competitions. A team participated in the BUP Intervarsity English Debate Competition 2022. A student of this college was announced as the best speaker in BUTEX DC National Debate Fest 2022. Debate and Quiz Society of SSMC, AIUB Department of Public Health and USAID fellows worked closely to arrange the first Global Health Festival in 2014. That year, Debate and Quiz Society also organized the 'IFIC Bank-DQS SSMC Carnival Captive 2014', the event had sections of liberation war olympiad, inter-university debate and quiz competitions, medical spelling competition (medispell) and ideation competition workshop on various topics.
Sports facilities
SSMC has a large playground located a few blocks away from the main campus, known as Armanitola playground. The ground was built by Nawab Salimullah during the British raj. Armanitola was named after the Armenian Christian community living there at the time. This is a field of historical significance, the first public meeting of Awami Muslim League was held on this field in 1949.
Now it is used as a venue for annual sports events as well as for cricket and football competitions. Students can access the facility all year round. Besides, the Main hostel has a badminton court and indoor games facilities.
Cultural activities
Student organizations of the college arrange several cultural programmes every year. SSMC Day is celebrated each year on the premises on 8 February, the founding day of the institution. A joyous procession circumambulates the campus marking the occasion.
Ranking
Sir Salimullah Medical College is ranked second among the government medical colleges in Bangladesh by the Directorate General of Medical Education ranking.
Recognition
Sir Salimullah Medical College is listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools. It is approved by the National Medical Commission of India. Graduates of this medical college are eligible to appear in different medical licensing examinations like USMLE, PLAB, AMC, MCCQE and NZREX.
Journal
Sir Salimullah Medical College Journal is a biannual journal published by the editorial board on behalf of SSMC Teachers’ Association. Each issue includes editorial, original articles, review articles and case reports of exceptional merit on any discipline of medical science. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which is listed in the MEDLINE database.
Alumni association
Sir Salimullah Medical College graduates have a strong alumni presence in United States, United Kingdom and Canada. SSMC Alumni Association Abroad is an organization of the alumni who are currently living abroad. The alumni association is involved in exchange of skills and education with the college. They provide scholarship every year to the students of SSMC. The organization responds to national and international crisis, they made donations towards the victims of east coast natural disaster and famine-stricken children of Somalia.
Notable people
Alumni
Abul Bashar Mohammed Khurshid Alam, Director General of Directorate General of Health Services
Sezan Mahmud, writer, lyricist, columnist, Professor of Medical Sciences at Quinnipiac University
Mustafizur Rahman, diplomat, High Commissioner of Bangladesh to India
Azharul Haque, intellectual killed during the Bangladesh Liberation War
Rakhal Chandra Das, intellectual killed during the Bangladesh Liberation War
Atiqur Rahman, intellectual killed during the Bangladesh Liberation War
Mohammad Shamshad Ali, intellectual killed during the Bangladesh Liberation War
HBM Iqbal, former Member of Parliament
Moin Uddin Ahmed, former Member of Parliament
Benoy Krishna Basu, Indian revolutionary
Rawshan Ara, film actress
Md. Rustum Ali Faraji, Member of Parliament
Pravat Chandra Barua, epidemiologist, former Vice-chancellor of the University of Science and Technology Chittagong
Mohammad Haris Ali, Independence Award recipient
Selina Hayat Ivy, Mayor of Narayanganj City Corporation
Md. Billal Alam, honorary secretary of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons
Sirajul Islam, founder of Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College
Kaisar Nasrullah Khan, clinical and interventional cardiologist at United Hospital
Shakil Farid, Consultant cardiac surgeon at Royal Papworth Hospital
Shafi U. Bhuiyan, Professor of public health at the University of Toronto
Faculty
AFM Alim Chowdhury, Ophthalmologist
Zohra Begum Kazi, gynecologist, first Bengali Muslim female physician
A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, former President of Bangladesh
Muhammad Ibrahim, National Professor of Bangladesh
Nurul Islam, National Professor of Bangladesh
AHM Touhidul Anowar Chowdhury, Independence Award recipient
Pran Gopal Datta, Independence Award recipient
Indrajit Prasad, eminent endocrinologist
Badrul Alam, physician, language activist
Shamsuddin Ahmed, surgeon, intellectual killed during the Bangladesh Liberation War
Sayeba Akhter, gynecologist, Ekushey Padak recipient
Mujibur Rahman, medical scientist, Ekushey Padak recipient
Arup Ratan Choudhury, dentist, Ekushey Padak recipient
See also
List of medical colleges in Bangladesh
List of dental schools in Bangladesh
List of universities in Bangladesh
References
External links
Old Dhaka
Medical colleges in Bangladesh
Universities and colleges in Dhaka
Hospitals in Dhaka
Universities and colleges established in 1875
1875 establishments in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Salimullah%20Medical%20College |
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