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List of Dominican newspapers may refer to:
List of newspapers in Dominica
List of newspapers in the Dominican Republic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Dominican%20newspapers
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Sir Stuart Auchincloss Coats, 2nd Baronet (20 March 1868 – 15 July 1959) was a British politician and Member of Parliament for Wimbledon from 1916 to 1918 and then East Surrey from 1918 to 1922.
Early life
Stuart was born on 20 March 1868. He was the son of Sarah Ann (née Auchincloss) Coats (1838–1887) and Sir James Coats, 1st Baronet (1834–1913). He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1913.
Career
He unsuccessfully contested the Morpeth constituency as a Liberal Unionist in the 1906 general election and was also an unsuccessful candidate for Deptford in the January and December general elections of 1910. He was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Wimbledon at a by-election in April 1916 and then for East Surrey in December 1918, retaining his seat until October 1922.
He was also a Private Chamberlain of Sword and Cape to Popes Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI and Pius XII.
Personal life
Sir Stuart was married to Jane Muir Greenlees, the daughter of Thomas Greenlees Jr. of Paisley, Renfrewshire, at Castlehead, Paisley, in 1891. Together, they were the parents of:
Sir James Stuart Coats, 3rd Baronet (1894–1966), who married Lady Amy Gordon-Lennox, eldest daughter of Charles Gordon-Lennox, 8th Duke of Richmond.
Muir Dudley Coats (1897–1927), who married socialite Audrey Evelyn James, the illegitimate daughter of Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon and the illegitimate granddaughter of Edward VII. After his death, Audrey remarried several times, including to American department store heir, Marshall Field III.
Margaret Mary Josephine Coats (1901–1987), who married Edward Knollys, 2nd Viscount Knollys.
In 1920, his wife was painted by Philip Alexius de László. In 1936, he sold Ballathie House, his family's seat in Perthshire, Scotland, to Colonel Stephen Hardie, a founder of the British Oxygen Company.
Sir Stuart died on 15 July 1959. He was succeeded by his son Sir James Stuart Coats, 3rd Baronet.
Descendants
Through his daughter Margaret, he was the grandfather of Hon. Ardyne Knollys (b. 1929), and David Knollys, 3rd Viscount Knollys (b. 1931). Through his eldest son, he was the grandfather of Sir Alastair Coats, 4th Baronet (1921–2015).
Honours
Knight Commander of the Order of Pope Pius IX (with star)
Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy
References
Hankinson, C. F. J. (ed.), Debrett's Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 1954, Odhams Press, 1954
Specific
External links
1868 births
1959 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Liberal Unionist Party parliamentary candidates
Coats, Stuart Auchinloss, 2nd Baronet
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1918–1922
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Coats
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, whose real name is (alternatively, Altria Pendragon), is a fictional character from the Japanese 2004 visual novel Fate/stay night by Type-Moon. Saber is a heroic warrior who is summoned by a teenager named Shirou Emiya to participate in a war between masters and servants who are fighting to accomplish their dreams using the mythical Holy Grail. Saber's relationship with the story's other characters depends on the player's decisions; she becomes a love interest to Shirou in the novel's first route and also serves as that route's servant protagonist, a supporting character in the second, and a villain called in the third route.
Saber is an agile and mighty warrior who is loyal, independent, and reserved; she appears emotionally cold but is actually suppressing her emotions to focus on her goals. She is also present in the prequel light novel Fate/Zero, in which she is the servant of Shirou's guardian Kiritsugu Emiya during the previous Holy Grail War, and in the sequel Fate/hollow ataraxia. Saber also appears in the novel's printed and animated adaptations, reprising her role in the game.
Saber was created by Kinoko Nasu after the series' leading illustrator suggested having an armored woman as a protagonist for the visual novel; writer Gen Urobuchi commented on her character becoming darker depending on the situations. Urobuchi created his scenario involving Saber and Kiritsugu because their relationship was little explored in the original visual novel. Saber has been voiced by Ayako Kawasumi in her Japanese appearances, and multiple actresses took the role in English-language dubs of the series' animated adaptations.
Critical reception to Saber's character and role in the series and her relationship with Shirou has been generally positive. Her characterization and her relationship with the characters in Fate/Zero have also been met with a positive response. However, Saber's lack of character focus in the Unlimited Blade Works anime adaptation met mixed reactions. Additionally, Saber has been popular within the Fate series and anime in general.
Character backstory
Saber's real name is Artoria Pendragon (sometimes written as Altria, Arthuria or Arturia). The character was inspired by the legends of King Arthur. At her birth, Uther decides to not publicly announce Artoria's birth or gender, fearing his subjects will never accept a woman as a legitimate ruler. Merlin entrusts Artoria to Sir Ector, a loyal knight who raises her as a surrogate son. When Artoria is fifteen, King Uther dies, leaving no known, eligible heir to the throne. Britain enters a period of turmoil following the growing threat of invasion by the Saxons. Merlin approaches Artoria, explaining that the British people will recognize her as a destined ruler if she draws Caliburn, a ceremonial sword, from the rock in which it is embedded. Pulling this sword, however, means accepting the hardships of a monarch; Artoria will be responsible for preserving the welfare of her people. Without hesitation and despite her gender, she draws Caliburn and becomes king of Britain. The only knights who know the truth of her gender are her foster brother, Sir Kay, and the king's secretary, Sir Agravain.
Artoria is plagued by feelings of guilt and inferiority throughout her reign; she sacrifices her emotions for the good of Britain, but many of her subjects and knights become critical of her lack of humanity and cold calculation. A traitorous knight mortally wounds Artoria, a homunculus named Mordred who is born of her blood during the Battle of Camlann. Morgan le Fay and Sir Bedivere escort the dying king to a holy isle; Artoria orders Bedivere to dispose of Excalibur by throwing it back to Vivian. In her absence, she reflects on her failures, regretting her life as king. Before taking her last breath, she appeals to the world; in exchange for her services as a Heroic Spirit, she asks to be allowed to relive her life, in which someone more suitable and effective would lead Britain in her stead. Artoria possesses the Noble Phantasm , a celestial sword constructed from the collective wishes of mankind. She also possesses , another Noble Phantasm, which compresses and gyrates the air around Saber's blade, turning it invisible, and the holy lance which she possesses if summoned in Lancer class.
Appearances
In Fate/stay night
In the visual novel Fate/stay night, Saber is accidentally summoned by a young mage named Shirou Emiya, stopping the servant Lancer in the process.
Fate route
In the Fate route of Fate/stay night, Shirou and Saber often clash because of their fighting methods. Despite this, Shirou tries to persuade Saber that the past cannot be changed and that trying to change it is unwise. Once Saber discovers the Holy Grail is corrupt and causes only death, she accepts that her wish is indeed impossible to accomplish. She later works with Shirou to save the world she was summoned into.
Saber and Shirou develop romantic feelings for one another but decide to end their relationship once the Holy Grail War is finished. Having realized Kiritsugu Emiya sealed Excalibur's scabbard, , inside his body, Shirou passes it to his Servant so that she could defeat the Servant Gilgamesh. Saber and Shirou win their respective fights against Gilgamesh and his master Kirei Kotomine. Saber destroys the Holy Grail with Excalibur and, after accepting Shirou's feelings and confessing her own, is sent back to her original time and dies. In the PlayStation 2 remake, an extra ending in which Shirou and Saber reunite following their deaths was added. After accepting her own identity and dying, Saber forgoes becoming a Heroic Spirit so she can wait for Shirou in Avalon, the mystical land where only true heroes may reside. After waiting for many lifetimes for Shirou to earn the right to ascend to Avalon, they are finally reunited for eternity.
Unlimited Blade Works route
In the Unlimited Blade Works route of Fate/stay night, Saber is stabbed by Caster's Rule Breaker and is forced to become her Servant. Caster then forces Saber to kill Shirou and Rin Tohsaka, but Saber resists the spell, giving Rin and Shirou time to escape. After Archer kills Caster, Rin then forges a contract with her, becoming her new Master. Saber, Shirou and Rin remain conflicted in how to deal with Gilgamesh. Eventually, they decide that Shirou should fight their enemy as he possesses the same powers as the missing Archer while Saber and Rin go to stop the Holy Grail, facing the Servant Assassin in the process. After defeating Assassin, Saber destroys the Holy Grail with Excalibur, and Shirou manages to defeat Gilgamesh with the reappeared Archer's help. In the Good End of this scenario, Saber lives on as one of Rin's familiars along with Shirou. Nasu states her role to be more akin to a mother or guardian figure. In the True End, she disappears after destroying the Holy Grail.
Heaven's Feel route
In Heaven's Feel route of Fate/stay night, Saber is consumed by the Holy Grail during a battle with True Assassin and becomes a stronger, corrupted version of her former self, known as Saber Alter, and a Servant under Sakura Matou, the heroine of this route. While Shirou is on his way to seek an alliance with Ilya and Berserker, Saber appears in her Alter form and defeats Berserker, making herself known to Shirou while nearly killing her former allies. Shirou returns to Illya's home and defeats Berserker, who is now working for Sakura. Saber approaches the weakened Shirou but refuses to kill him since she feels honored by his recent fight. In the Normal End and True End, Sakura orders Saber to kill Shirou and the servant Rider. However, the duo manages to overpower Saber, with Shirou killing his former comrade.
In Fate/hollow ataraxia
In the sequel video game Fate/hollow ataraxia, Saber continues to protect Shirou; if the player chooses, Shirou can pursue Saber romantically once more. She kills Archer when he attacks Shirou in one loop. In another loop, Saber is killed by Bazett Fraga McRemitz's Fragrach when she tries to use Excalibur on her. In the final loop of Fate/hollow ataraxia, Saber aids Shirou/Avenger to reach the Grail by fending off mysterious monsters with other Heroic Spirits. When the stray hair on Saber's head is pulled, she reverts to her Alter form. Saber Alter is portrayed as crude and obsessed with fast food in direct opposition to Saber's love of Shirou's cooking.
Fate/Zero
In the prequel light novel series Fate/Zero, Kiritsugu Emiya summons Saber to participate in the 4th Holy Grail War. To prepare for the war, Kiritsugu persuades his wife Irisviel von Einzbern to act as Saber's guide while he aids her in secret. As in the original visual novel, Saber wishes to obtain the Holy Grail to change her kingdom's past, which results in Gilgamesh and Alexander the Great mocking her ideals. During a fight against Lancer, Kiritsugu ignores knightly ideals and forces Lancer's Master to commit suicide, angering Saber. Shortly afterwards, Kirei Kotomine kidnaps Irisviel, and Saber goes to find her. On the way, Saber confronts Berserker, who is revealed to be her former ally, Lancelot. After Lancelot's death, Saber is ordered to destroy the Holy Grail by her then-master, Kiritsugu, using two back-to-back Command Seals. Still, she only succeeds in destroying its physical form. Saber returns to her world, still aiming to take the Holy Grail for her people.
Fate/Grand Order
Artoria Pendragon appears in Fate/Grand Order as a recurring Servant. She is one of the Servants of Ritsuka Fujimaru of the Grand Order conflicts of Fate/Grand Order. She appears as Saber, along with her multiple forms Saber Alter and Saber Lily, as well as her newer forms Lancer and Lancer Alter, and gag forms as Archer, Rider Alter and Ruler form wearing a swimsuit, maid outfit and bunny girl costume respectively, as well as another rider form as "Santa Alter" introduced in the game and a Caster form introduced for the game's 5th anniversary. Her other gag iterations are the Assassin-class Mysterious Heroine X, Berserker-class Mysterious Heroine X Alter, and Foreigner-class Mysterious Heroine XX; all are stated to be Artorias came from space.
In the main story, Saber Alter appears in the Fuyuki chapter as the main antagonist, Lancer Alter appears in the London chapter, and Lancer in the form of "Lion King/Goddess Rhongomyniad" served as the central villain of Camelot chapter. Heroine X appeared in the Grand Time Temple chapter as one of "event and gag Servants".
Other appearances
Saber appears in the anime and manga versions of Fate/stay night, and the movie Unlimited Blade Works. Three of versions of Saber—regular, Saber Alter, and Saber Lily—appear in the fighting game Fate/unlimited codes. The Lily form is based on Saber's alternative outfit from Unlimited Blade Works, which development staff noted was well received by fans. A Lion form of Saber also appeared in Fate/tiger colosseum. Saber, along with other characters from Tsukihime, Melty Blood, and the other characters of Fate/stay night, appears in the 2011 anime Carnival Phantasm. Saber also appears in the series Fate/Labyrinth as Manaka's Servant during the Subcategory Holy Grail. Together, they defeat many opponents and the bosses of each of the floor levels in Caubac Alcatraz's labyrinth.
She also appears in Fate/Extella as a secret playable character. Saber is also present in the manga and anime adaptations Today's Menu for the Emiya Family, in which she is living with Shirou, who teaches her to cook. Outside Type-Moon's works and adaptations, Saber appears in the video games Divine Gate and Nitroplus Blasterz: Heroines Infinite Duel. To promote the animated adaptations of the routes, Saber was added to the video games Summons Board, Puzzle & Dragons, and The Alchemist Code. She is also present in Phantasy Star Online 2 and Hortensia Saga. Two videogame adaptations for smartphones, Fate/Zero The Adventure and Fate/Zero Next Encounter, feature Saber.
Saber is a playable guest character in a fighting game Melty Blood: Type Lumina, a prequel to both Tsukihime -a piece of blue glass moon- and original timeline Melty Blood games, taking place in a remake timeline. Following the playable inclusion of Tsukihime’s Neco Spirit mascot, Neco-Arc, Saber’s inclusion in this game revealed to be the cause of the latter, when the Neco-Spirit inexplicably managed to use her smartphone's Fate/Grand Order app to do so. It also reveals that summoning servants like Saber in Tsukihime world (currently Remake version) should have been impossible, and even the Dead Apostle Michael Roa Valdamjong knows the risk on doing so and had since develop a distaste of learning its ritual, until Neco-Arc’s presence and the Fate/Grand Order app she brought in that world causes it to be possible.
Creation and conception
Before Kinoko Nasu started writing Fate/stay night, he wrote the route Fate for fun in his spare time when he was a student. Shirou and Saber's sexes were swapped, mostly due to an experience with the novel Tsukihime because Type-Moon believed this would fit the modern demographic. Takeuchi had the idea of drawing an armored woman, which resulted in Saber being female. Takeuchi called Saber as one of his favorite Servants in the series and an ideal bride to the point of drawing her whenever he has free time. The relationship between Shirou and Saber was intended to be different from previous fictional romances because Shirou must accept Saber has to fight for him. As a foreshadowing of Shirou and Saber's first meeting, the team included a dream sequence in which Shirou sees the mythical sword Excalibur, which the latter wields. Because Shirou possessed the scabbard Avalon from Excalibur, Nasu wrote this to explain how the two become Master and Servant. Although Saber does not have the same character in "Unlimited Blade Works" than in "Fate" where she dropped her desires for the Holy Grail, Nasu still wanted Saber to have a similar resolution in regards to what to do in the war once confronting the Grail, leading to its destructions at her hands.
Nasu originally had an idea to extend the Fate route by involving an alternative Fifth Holy Grail War in which Shirou fights alongside Saber, but they do not have a romantic relationship. Following their separation, Shirou would bond with Rin Tohsaka. Because "Unlimited Blade Works" is playable after concluding "Fate", Saber's true identity is revealed early in the story. Saber is not a romantic interest in this route; Nasu considered her a motherly figure to Shirou and Rin. During making the video game's anime adaptation, Nasu said the staff intended to make her more beautiful than the heroine Rin in the previous Fate series.
Nasu said: ... it's difficult to call the relationship between Shirou and Saber a relationship between a man and a woman. Saber has fought for a long time as the ruler of Britain but then turned into a girl all of a sudden and fell in love with Shirou. It's pretty ridiculous when you think about it. But I really wanted to push it towards that sort of boy-meets-girl story. So as a last resort, I had Shirou continually say things to her like "But you're a girl," and "Girls aren't supposed to fight," in order to remind the users that "she is really a girl." It's like the author's actually the one trying to convince Saber that she's a girl... I feel like I could have written it a lot better now, but that was the best I could do at the time. It's true that Rin is different from Saber.
Regarding Saber's alternate designs, Gen Urobuchi referred to Alter as a dark hero rather than a villain. Nasu further commented on Alter, stating she "is an idealist who clings to her own values even though she's been blackened". On the other hand, her becoming a Servant from Caster during Unlimited Blade Works was believed by Urobuchi to take a darker role than Saber Alter due to how she has been defeated in combat with Nasu speculating how her new dress symbolizes her defeat. Takeuchi enjoyed illustrating her due to the impact it left on the character. He added he enjoyed minor changes due to her design, such as her visor and her alternative dresses featured in related works to Fate. Saber Lily's character was created by Takeuchi, as an alternative costume for Saber, based on the visual novel's Unlimited Blade Works story arcade dress, and got its name because of the similarity of color and shape of the dress to the white lily. After the release of the Unlimited codes on the arcade machines, Saber Lily received a lot of positive feedback from fans and, unlike the game costumes of other characters, when porting the game to the PlayStation 2, she had her own name displayed in the match interface. Originally it was planned to include the character only in a limited edition of the game, but later it was added to the standard version.
During the making of Fate/Zero, writer Urobuchi had multiple ideas, including Saber being lectured by Gilgamesh and Alexander, which motivated Nasu to write the light novel series. As in the original Fate/stay night, Saber states she did not know her former master Kiritsugu Emiya properly. Urobuchi created Kiritsugu's wife Irisviel von Einzbern to facilitate communication between Saber and Kiritsugu. The staff worried Urobuchi would handle Kiritsugu's relationship with Saber because more unforgivable actions by the servant would have made it impossible for her to trust his adoptive son Shirou in the sequel. As a result, Urobuchi had to alter some of his original ideas. Urobuchi stated that in his works, the characters who survive the plot's events become "pillars". While Saber, Kiritsugu, and Kirei Kotomine are the major survivors, Kiritsugu dies offscreen. Because Saber does not have a large role in Fate/Zero, the pillar character is instead Kirei. For the first Heaven's Feel movie, there is a scene where Saber battles in the snow in front of the Ryuudou Temple which Ufotable noted as one of the big steps in animation due to its quality.
Saber's real name is often written inconsistently. While Artoria Pendragon is the most-used spelling, Nasu has also used Altria Pendragon. As a result, the localization members of the video game Fate/Grand Order have found it challenging to properly write her true name in the game whenever it is needed. The translators working for the game stated they enjoyed Saber Alter's interactions with Jeanne Alter based on how the story develops across them.
Voice actors
Saber is voiced by Ayako Kawasumi in Japanese; Nasu and Takeuchi chose her because they found her voice fitting for Saber's personality. The sound director suggested Kawasumi during the making of the series. Kawasumi said despite the multiple appearances she has in the Fate/stay night series, her characterization did not change due to her convictions. Kawasumi noted that Saber was drawn by Irisviel due to her love for her family. Still, because Saber did not accept Kiritsugu's principles, Kawasumi was regretful of this area about her character. While originally more popular for voicing Fuu in the anime Samurai Champloo, Kawasumi noted her work as Saber impressed fans due to the actress often seeing cosplayers of her new character. Furthermore, Kawasumi's role was noted to give her a good career. She noted she received multiple requests to voice female characters with strong personalities ever since her debut as Saber. Kawasumi remarks having fun in the making of Saber as across the recording of the series and visual novel, she met famous veteran actors with a spin-off giving her an alternate comical version of her character.
Kawasumi noted that Saber's characterization in Unlimited Blade Works differs from the previous ones because of her lack of romantic feelings for Shirou; instead, Saber acts less emotionally, seeing Shirou as her Master. When asked about the heroines in the Fate franchise, Kawasumi said Saber represents the strong female character type Type-Moon has created. Kawasumi believes that while Saber commonly acts with the idea of protecting other people, her appeal causes other characters to want to protect her. Regarding Fate/Zero, Kawasumi noted that while people saw this version of Saber as a more masculine woman than in the previous series, she kept her strong sense of self, which would make her more recognizable fans. For the second Heaven's Feel film, Kawasumi expressed mixed thoughts about Saber's darker characterization but still wanted viewers to see her in action.
Saber's English-language voice is provided by American voice actor Kari Wahlgren, who said that when voicing the character, she became interested in knowing the character's future actions because of the story's major plot twists. Because Saber is based on King Arthur, Wahlgren said she had no major problems doing the work because she had previously worked on William Shakespeare's plays. Comparing Saber to a Shakespearean character, Wahlgren said, "There's a little bit of Hamlet in there definitely, and a little bit of The Scottish Play [Macbeth]—I won't say it. Henry V. All the great leaders and warlords."
Reception
Popularity
In the Type-Moon Fes. 10th Anniversary Event, Saber was ranked the most popular character created by Type-Moon. In 2012, Niconico News ran a poll asking people which characters from Fate/Zero they wanted as boyfriends or girlfriends. Saber was the most popular character on the girlfriend list, polling 34.1%. She took fourth place in an Unlimited Blade Works poll. In 2011 Manga artist group Clamp drew their own version of Saber to celebrate the premiere of Fate/Zero.
Saber was voted the top female Fate/Zero character whom men would like to date. To promote Fate/Grand Order, artist Yoshitaka Amano drew Saber in the Japanese convention AnimeJapan in March 2019. In a 2018 Manga.Tokyo poll, Saber was voted the most popular Fate character. A Charapedia poll asked fans to list their favorite "cool" women in anime; Saber placed fourth with 498 votes.
In a Newtype poll, Saber was the second-most popular female character from September 2017. In a list of top-30 characters of the 2010s in the same magazine, Saber was the most popular female character. In 2017, a cafe using Fate based characters including Saber was released in Osaka, Japan. She was also voted as the best servant from Fate/Zero during 2012. Japanese figure maker Good Smile Company ran a poll that asked fans which figures they most wanted; Saber's regular look and her Lily form from Unlimited Codes appeared in the figure category. She was also voted as the best servant from Fate/Zero during 2012.
Numerous figures of all versions of Saber and a keychain replica of her sword have been created. Another replica includes her motorcycle from Fate/Zero.
Critical response
Critical reception to Saber has generally been positive. Carl Kimlinger, writing for Anime News Network, praised the character, saying "Saber alone is worth the price of admission" when watching the series, and also commented on her fight scenes. He added, "the results are positively exhilarating, cementing Saber's status as one of the coolest heroines to come down the anime turnpike in quite some time". Kimlinger further referred to Saber and Archer as "the only spices" of the series. Mania Entertainment's Chris Beveridge liked the development of Saber during the series, particularly her team-ups with Shirou. He made similar comments about the romantic relationship between Saber and Shirou, with other writers such as DVDTalk and IGN finding them as the most appealing relationship within the television series.
Saber's role in Fate/Zero is also positively received. ANN praised the tragedy that happened to Saber and Kiritsugu in the prequel Fate/Zero despite wishing for solutions to world issues, making the series worth watching. The writer also noted that Saber and Kiritsugu are opposites due to their backgrounds but still have similarities. Anime News Network's Carlo Santos praised Saber's fight against Lancer in Fate/Zero, calling it "one dazzling special effect after another—and it gets even better when other Servants enter the fray and show off their unique powers". Kotaku's reviewer enjoyed the way Saber, Gilgamesh and Alexander the Great discuss their ideals as kings and how their people should be treated, giving each character different philosophies. Aiden Foote of THEM Anime Reviews said the relationships between the characters, including that between Rider, Saber, and Archer, are personal highlights of the series. The Fandom Post's Chris Beveridge praised the fight between Saber and Berserker as well as her painful history and tragedy, and said that Saber "getting a glimmer of the future definitely hits all the right sweet spots." On the other hand, Uk Anime Network said that Saber feels like the Servant who lacked a character arc because she is mocked by her rivals for her beliefs and her relationship with Kiritsugu, showing more conflict within her.
Feedback to Saber's role in the anime Unlimited Blade Works have received negative responses; several critics have expressed anger on how wasted her character was. Dee Hogan from The Mary Sue stated that Saber was sidelined in favour of Rin and that she "deserve much better". According to UK Anime Network, Rin and Shirou were less interesting as a couple in the anime Unlimited Blade Works in comparison to Saber and Shirou in Studio Deen's anime adaptation of Fate/stay night; stating that Rin Tohsaka and Archer felt more entertaining and interesting. Gabriella Ekens of Anime News Network criticized the lack of focus on Saber's character, saying "it's a shame" especially when Saber is considered the mascot of the Fate Franchise. Urobuchi said Saber's relationship with Shirou does not seem like a realistic relationship fueled by instinct like the relationship between a man and a woman, but a romance of logic between two people who need each other. He added that the Fate route could have been told through the Ancient Greek views on love. In contrast, both Nasu and Takeuchi however state that Shirou and Saber is more appealing and still functions as realistic even if it is the relationship between two soulmates. Michelle Ruff's English performance as Saber has led to negative criticism for leading an unfitting tone as the character in comparison to Kate Higgins; Anime News Network criticized her lack of dialogues in the Unlimited Blade Works movie. Saber's charming side in Today's Menu for the Emiya Family was well received.
In the first Heaven's Feel film, Fandom Post said Saber's importance is reduced because her relationship with Shirou "does not develop in an engaging way" in the movie. Although, Chris Beveridge stated he enjoyed multiple interactions between Sakura and Shirou and at the same time with Saber. Her transformation into Alter and her fight in the second Heaven's Film earned praise from Fandom Post, which called it one of the biggest highlights of the sequel.
References
External links
Anime and manga characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Anime and manga characters who use magic
Anime and manga characters with accelerated healing
Anime and manga characters with superhuman strength
Cultural depictions of Arthurian legend
Fate/stay night characters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber%20%28Fate/stay%20night%29
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Alfred Heaton Cooper (1863–1929) was an English watercolour artist. He is known for his landscapes of the English Lake District and Norway, and for illustrating several travel guidebooks.
Life and work
Cooper was born in Halliwell, Bolton, Lancashire, England - one of six children to millworker parents - and brought up in the same place. After leaving school, he worked as a clerk but moved to London in 1884 to study art under George Clausen. He finished his studies prematurely to embark on a period of travelling, first north to Yorkshire, then abroad to Morocco and finally settling in Norway. Whilst in Norway, he became fascinated by the rural lifestyle of the Sogne region, where he eventually set up a studio beside the fjord at Balestrand. There, he married Mathilde.
After realising that he could not make a living in the area, he returned in 1894 to Bolton, moving eventually to the Lake District where he believed there was a market for his work amongst visiting tourists. He shipped his log cabin studio from Norway to Coniston and later to Ambleside. In 1903, Mathilde gave birth to William Heaton Cooper, who would also go on to become a landscape artist.
Apart from his watercolours of the Lake District, and scenes of Norwegian fjords (especially Balestrand), Cooper also provided illustrations for several travel guidebooks published by A & C Black.
He died in the Lake District in 1929. The family business he founded still exists today as an art gallery and shop, the Heaton Cooper Studio, in Grasmere, Cumbria.
Selected Books illustrated by Heaton Cooper
W. T. Palmer The English Lakes (A & C Black, 1905).
A. R. Hope Moncrieff. The Isle of Wight (A & C Black, 1908)
G. E. Mitton. The Isle of Wight (A. & C. Black, 1911).
F. J. Mathew. Ireland (A. & C. Black, 1916).
W. G. Clark. Norfolk & Suffolk (A & C Black, 1921).
Mackenzie Macbride. Wild lakeland (A & C Black, 1922).
Notes
External links
Heaton Cooper Studios
19th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century English painters
English illustrators
Artists from Bolton
1863 births
1929 deaths
English watercolourists
19th-century English male artists
People from Grasmere (village)
20th-century English male artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Heaton%20Cooper
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The 6th Royal Tank Regiment (6 RTR) was a regiment of the Royal Tank Regiment, of the British Army, until 1959. It originally saw action as 6th Battalion Tank Corps in 1917.
First World War
When tanks were first used in action in 1916, they were operated by the Heavy Branch of the Machine Gun Corps. This constituted six companies, A through F. With the rapid growth of the tank forces, these companies were used as the cadre of new battalions, which were quickly transferred to the newly formed Tank Corps, and then changed from letters to numbers. F Company thus became F Battalion of the Heavy Branch in November 1916, then F Battalion of the Tank Corps, then redesignated as 6th Battalion of the Tank Corps in January 1918.
During this time, the unit saw heavy action; it fought at the Battle of Messines, Passchendaele, Cambrai, Amiens (using Whippet Mk A light tanks), Bapaume, 2nd Arras and Cambrai-St Quentin.
During this time, a Victoria Cross was awarded to Captain Richard Annesley West of the North Irish Horse, at the time an acting Lieutenant-Colonel commanding 6th Battalion Tank Corps. This was one of only four VCs awarded to the Corps during the Great War.
Inter-war period
After the Armistice, the Tank Corps was severely cut down; from twenty-six battalions in 1919 to four by the early 1920s. The 6th Battalion was one of those disbanded, with its remaining personnel being transferred to the 3rd Battalion in November 1919.
In the 1930s, the decision was taken to expand the Royal Tank Corps ("Royal" had been added to the regimental title in 1923). Two Royal Tank Corps armoured car companies in Egypt, the 3rd and 5th, were brought together and reformed as 6th Battalion, Royal Tank Corps. However, this unit was understrength - it only consisted of two companies - and was not brought up to full strength with a third company until early 1939, by which time it had been renamed the 6th Royal Tank Regiment.
Second World War
When the war broke out in 1939, 6 RTR was based in Egypt with the Heavy Armoured Brigade (Egypt), part of the Armoured Division (Egypt). It was equipped with a mixture of Mk VIb light tanks, Mark II medium tanks, and Mk I Cruiser tanks. It provided a squadron of tanks for Malta in 1942, which made up an armoured force called Malta Tanks.
Postwar
6 RTR saw action during the Suez crisis in 1956, where HQ, B and C Squadrons were landed to support Operation Musketeer. In 1948, the Regiment was located at Scofton aerodrome (RAF Worksop), in Nottinghamshire, training TA's from 45 Leeds Rifles. In 1959 it was amalgamated with 3rd Royal Tank Regiment
References
6-006
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th%20Royal%20Tank%20Regiment
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Several notable blizzards occurred in 2006.
The North American blizzard of 2006, which delivered record snowfall to New York City
The Early Winter 2006 North American Storm Complex affected parts of southern Canada in December
The December 20-21, 2006 Colorado Blizzard struck Colorado and some surrounding areas on December 20-21
The October Surprise Storm in Western New York
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard%20of%202006
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This is a list of newspapers in El Salvador.
Diario El Salvador (San Salvador)
Diario Co Latino (San Salvador)
El Diario de Hoy (San Salvador)
El Faro
El Mundo (El Salvador) (San Salvador)
La Prensa Grafica (San Salvador)
See also
List of newspapers
Further reading
External links
Newspapers from El Salvador
Newspapers from El Salvador
El Salvador
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20El%20Salvador
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Bezek or Bezeq may refer to:
Bezeq, an Israeli telecommunications provider
Bezek, a village in Chelm County in eastern Poland
Bezek, in southern Canaan, where the Israelites defeated King Adoni-Bezek
Bezek, what Felix Fabri called Beit Jala
Bezek, a large family located in Germany, state lower saxony
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezek
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Robot software is the set of coded commands or instructions that tell a mechanical device and electronic system, known together as a robot, what tasks to perform. Robot software is used to perform autonomous tasks. Many software systems and frameworks have been proposed to make programming robots easier.
Some robot software aims at developing intelligent mechanical devices. Common tasks include feedback loops, control, pathfinding, data filtering, locating and sharing data.
Introduction
While it is a specific type of software, it is still quite diverse. Each manufacturer has their own robot software.
While the vast majority of software is about manipulation of data and seeing the result on-screen, robot software is for the manipulation of objects or tools in the real world.
Industrial robot software
Software for industrial robots consists of data objects and lists of instructions, known as program flow (list of instructions). For example,
Go to Jig1
It is an instruction to the robot to go to positional data named Jig1. Of course, programs can also contain implicit data for example
Tell axis 1 move 30 degrees.
Data and program usually reside in separate sections of the robot controller memory. One can change the data without changing the program and vice versa. For example, one can write a different program using the same Jig1 or one can adjust the position of Jig1 without changing the programs that use it.
Examples of programming languages for industrial robots
Due to the highly proprietary nature of robot software, most manufacturers of robot hardware also provide their own software. While this is not unusual in other automated control systems, the lack of standardization of programming methods for robots does pose certain challenges. For example, there are over 30 different manufacturers of industrial robots, so there are also 30 different robot programming languages required. There are enough similarities between the different robots that it is possible to gain a broad-based understanding of robot programming without having to learn each manufacturer's proprietary language.
One method of controlling robots from multiple manufacturers is to use a Post processor and Off-line programming (robotics) software. With this method, it is possible to handle brand-specific robot programming language from a universal programming language, such as Python (programming language). however, compiling and uploading fixed off-line code to a robot controller doesn't allow the robotic system to be state aware, so it cannot adapt its motion and recover as the environment changes. Unified real-time adaptive control for any robot is currently possible with a few different third-party tools.
Some examples of published robot programming languages are shown below.
Task in plain English:
Move to P1 (a general safe position)
Move to P2 (an approach to P3)
Move to P3 (a position to pick the object)
Close gripper
Move to P4 (an approach to P5)
Move to P5 (a position to place the object)
Open gripper
Move to P1 and finish
VAL was one of the first robot ‘languages’ and was used in Unimate robots. Variants of VAL have been used by other manufacturers including Adept Technology. Stäubli currently use VAL3.
Example program:
PROGRAM PICKPLACE
1. MOVE P1
2. MOVE P2
3. MOVE P3
4. CLOSEI 0.00
5. MOVE P4
6. MOVE P5
7. OPENI 0.00
8. MOVE P1
.END
Example of Stäubli VAL3 program:
begin
movej(p1,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
movej(appro(p3,trAppro),tGripper,mNomSpeed)
movel(p3,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
close(tGripper)
movej(appro(p5,trAppro),tGripper,mNomSpeed)
movel(p5,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
open(tGripper)
movej(p1,tGripper,mNomSpeed)
end
trAppro is cartesian transformation variable. If we use in with appro command, we do not need to teach P2 land P4 point, but we dynamically transform an approach to position of pick and place for trajectory generation.
Epson RC+ (example for a vacuum pickup)
Function PickPlace
Jump P1
Jump P2
Jump P3
On vacuum
Wait .1
Jump P4
Jump P5
Off vacuum
Wait .1
Jump P1
Fend
ROBOFORTH (a language based on FORTH).
: PICKPLACE
P1
P3 GRIP WITHDRAW
P5 UNGRIP WITHDRAW
P1
;
(With Roboforth you can specify approach positions for places so you do not need P2 and P4.)
Clearly, the robot should not continue the next move until the gripper is completely closed. Confirmation or allowed time is implicit in the above examples of CLOSEI and GRIP whereas the On vacuum command requires a time delay to ensure satisfactory suction.
Other robot programming languages
Visual programming language
The LEGO Mindstorms EV3 programming language is a simple language for its users to interact with. It is a graphical user interface (GUI) written with LabVIEW. The approach is to start with the program rather than the data. The program is constructed by dragging icons into the program area and adding or inserting into the sequence. For each icon, you then specify the parameters (data). For example, for the motor drive icon you specify which motors and by how much they move. When the program is written it is downloaded into the Lego NXT 'brick' (microcontroller) for test.
Scripting languages
A scripting language is a high-level programming language that is used to control the software application, and is interpreted in real-time, or "translated on the fly", instead of being compiled in advance. A scripting language may be a general-purpose programming language or it may be limited to specific functions used to augment the running of an application or system program. Some scripting languages, such as RoboLogix, have data objects residing in registers, and the program flow represents the list of instructions, or instruction set, that is used to program the robot.
Programming languages are generally designed for building data structures and algorithms from scratch, while scripting languages are intended more for connecting, or “gluing”, components and instructions together. Consequently, the scripting language instruction set is usually a streamlined list of program commands that are used to simplify the programming process and provide rapid application development.
Parallel languages
Another interesting approach is worthy of mention. All robotic applications need parallelism and event-based programming. Parallelism is where the robot does two or more things at the same time. This requires appropriate hardware and software. Most programming languages rely on threads or complex abstraction classes to handle parallelism and the complexity that comes with it, like concurrent access to shared resources. URBI provides a higher level of abstraction by integrating parallelism and events in the core of the language semantics.
whenever(face.visible)
{
headPan.val += camera.xfov * face.x
&
headTilt.val += camera.yfov * face.y
}
The above code will move the headPan and headTilt motors in parallel to make the robot head follow the human face visible on the video taken by its camera whenever a face is seen by the robot.
Robot application software
Regardless which language is used, the end result of robot software is to create robotic applications that help or entertain people. Applications include command-and-control and tasking software. Command-and-control software includes robot control GUIs for tele-operated robots, point-n-click command software for autonomous robots, and scheduling software for mobile robots in factories. Tasking software includes simple drag-n-drop interfaces for setting up delivery routes, security patrols and visitor tours; it also includes custom programs written to deploy specific applications. General purpose robot application software is deployed on widely distributed robotic platforms.
Safety considerations
Programming errors represent a serious safety consideration, particularly in large industrial robots. The power and size of industrial robots mean they are capable of inflicting severe injury if programmed incorrectly or used in an unsafe manner. Due to the mass and high-speeds of industrial robots, it is always unsafe for a human to remain in the work area of the robot during automatic operation. The system can begin motion at unexpected times and a human will be unable to react quickly enough in many situations, even if prepared to do so. Thus, even if the software is free of programming errors, great care must to be taken to make an industrial robot safe for human workers or human interaction, such as loading or unloading parts, clearing a part jam, or performing maintenance. The ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999 American National Standard for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems - Safety Requirements (revision of ANSI/ R15.06-1992) book from the Robotic Industries Association is the accepted standard on robot safety. This includes guidelines for both the design of industrial robots, and the implementation or integration and use of industrial robots on the factory floor. Numerous safety concepts such as safety controllers, maximum speed during a teach mode, and use of physical barriers are covered
.
See also
Behavior-based robotics and Subsumption architecture
Developmental robotics
Epigenetic robotics
Evolutionary robotics
Industrial robot
Cognitive robotics
Robot control
RoboLogix
Automated planning and scheduling
Cybernetics
Artificial intelligence
Robotics suite
Telerobotics / Telepresence
Robotic automation software
Swarm robotics platforms
References
External links
Linux Devices.
ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999 American National Standard for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems - Safety Requirements (revision of ANSI/RIA R15.06-1992)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot%20software
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WIVM-LD, virtual channel 39 (UHF digital channel 34), is a low-power television station licensed to Canton, Ohio, United States. WIVN-LD (virtual channel 29 and VHF digital channel 5) and WIVD-LD (virtual and UHF digital channel 26) in Newcomerstown, and WIVX-LD (virtual and VHF digital channel 13) in Cleveland are translators of WIVM-LD.
The stations are owned by Image Video Teleproductions, and simulcast all programming on all channels.
WIVM-LD is carried by Spectrum Cable on channel 989 in Stark County and on Massillon Cable, channel 21 and 128. WIVN-LD is carried by Spectrum Cable on channel 15 & channel 989 in Tuscarawas, Holmes & Carroll Counties. In the Newcomerstown area, WIVN-LD is now channel 96 on Spectrum Cable.
History
WIVX-LD signed on October 6, 2008. The station was licensed to Loudonville, Ohio, and can be seen now in Cleveland on digital VHF channel 13. WIVX-LD, originally W65AH, was purchased from Ohio University, and simulcasts WIVM programming. Image Video purchased another Ohio University station, W69AO (channel 69 in Millersburg, Ohio), at the same time.
Prior to joining Retro TV in May 2009, they aired America One programming. All five stations are locally owned and operated. Every weekday morning, the stations carry a television simulcast of the morning drive radio show of Canton station WHBC/1480.
Digital channels
The stations' digital signals are multiplexed:
WIVX-LD digital channel 13 is now transmitting in Cleveland. WIVM converted to digital channel 39 in Canton/Akron in 2011 and to RF channel 34 (virtual channel 39) in 2020. WIVN-LD 29 flash cut to digital broadcasting on December 21, 2010 on channel 29, and was licensed to VHF digital channel 5 effective June 28, 2021. WIVD moved from digital channel 22 to RF channel 26 (virtual channel 26) in 2019. W69AO has converted to digital on channel 27, as W27DG-D.
References
External links
WIVM and WIVN-TV
IVM-LD
This TV affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1995
Low-power television stations in Ohio
Comet (TV network) affiliates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIVM-LD
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Reed frog may refer to:
African reed frog, a frog found in Africa
Madagascan reed frog, a frog endemic to Madagascar
Ochlandrae reed frog, a frog endemic to the Western Ghats, India
Animal common name disambiguation pages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%20frog
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Frank J. Fabozzi is an American economist, educator, writer, and investor, currently Professor of Practice at The Johns Hopkins University Carey Business School and a Member of Edhec Risk Institute. He was previously a Professor of Finance at EDHEC Business School, Professor in the Practice of Finance and Becton Fellow in the Yale School of Management, and a Visiting Professor of Finance at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has authored and edited many books, three of which were coauthored with Nobel laureates, Franco Modigliani and Harry Markowitz. He has been the editor of the Journal of Portfolio Management since 1986 and is on the board of directors of the BlackRock complex of closed-end funds.
Early life and education
He earned a BA (magna cum laude) and an Master of Economics from the City College of New York, both in 1970. He also earned a doctorate in economics from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 1972 . He is a Certified Public Accountant and holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
Career
Fabozzi has written and edited books and numerous research papers covering topics in investment management and financial econometrics. Much of his earlier writing focused on fixed income securities and portfolio management with emphasis on mortgage- and asset-backed securities and structured products. He is a co-developer of the Kalotay–Williams–Fabozzi model of the short rate, used in the valuation of interest rate derivatives.
He is on the Advisory Council for the Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering at Princeton University and an affiliated professor at the Institute of Statistics and Economics at the University of Karlsruhe (Germany). He has been the editor of the Journal of Portfolio Management since 1986 and is on the board of directors of the BlackRock complex of closed-end funds. Before joining EDHEC Business School, Fabozzi was a finance professor at Yale School of Management, and a visiting finance professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management.
Recognition
Fabozzi was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1969. He was inducted into the Fixed Income Analysts Society's Hall of Fame in 2002 and was the 2007 recipient of the C. Stewart Sheppard Award given by The CFA Institute. He is the 2004 recipient of an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Nova Southeastern University.. In 2015, Fabozzi received the James R. Vertin Award from the CFA Institute Research Foundation, which recognizes individuals whose research is "notable for its relevance and enduring value to investment professionals".
Selected bibliography
Frank J. Fabozzi and Francesco A. Fabozzi (2021): Bond Markets, Analysis, and Strategies, tenth edition. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ISBN 978-0-262-04627-5
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Modigliani, Franco (2009). Capital Markets: Institutions and Instruments: 4th edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Franco Modigliani; Frank J. Jones (2009). Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions: 4th edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Fabozzi, Frank J. (2009). Bond Markets, Analysis and Strategies: 7th edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Rachev, Svetlozar T; John S.J. Hsu; Biliana Bagasheva; Frank J. Fabozzi (2008). Bayesian Methods in Finance. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Vinod Kothari (2008). Introduction to Securitization. Hoboken, Nee Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Rachev, Svetlozar T; Stefan Mittnik; Frank J. Fabozzi; Sergio M. Focardi; Teo Jasic (2007). Financial Econometrics: From Basics to Advanced Modeling Techniques. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Petter N. Kolm; Dessislava Pachamanova; Sergio M. Focardi (2007). Robust Portfolio Optimization and Management. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Fabozzi, Frank J. (2006). Fixed Income Mathematics: Analytical and Statistical Techniques: 4th edition. New York: New York: McGraw Hill Publishing.
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Sergio M. Focardi; Petter N. Kolm (2006). Financial Modeling of the Equity Market: From CAPM to Cointegration. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Henry Davis; Moorad Choudhry (2006). Introduction to Structured Finance. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Harry M. Markowitz, Editors (2002). The Theory and Practice of Investment Management. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.
Fabozzi, Frank J.; Leibowitz, Martin L., Editors (2007). Fixed Income Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
See also
Kalotay–Williams–Fabozzi model
References
External links
The Frank J. Fabozzi Series at Wiley.com
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American economists
21st-century American economists
Financial economists
MIT Sloan School of Management faculty
American people of Italian descent
CFA charterholders
Yale School of Management faculty
Academic staff of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
City College of New York alumni
CUNY Graduate Center alumni
American financial writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20J.%20Fabozzi
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The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie is an award presented annually by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role on a television limited series or television movie for the primetime network season.
The award was first presented at the 27th Primetime Emmy Awards on May 19, 1975, to Juliet Mills, for her role as Samantha Cody in QB VII. The award ceremony garnered criticism during the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards, when Ellen Burstyn received a nomination for her work in Mrs. Harris (2005), despite having only 14 seconds of screen time and 38 words of dialogue. This resulted in a rule change, requiring nominees submitting for the category to have more than 5% screen-time on their respective projects.
Since its inception, the award has been given to 38 actresses. Regina King, Jane Alexander, Judy Davis, Colleen Dewhurst, and Mare Winningham have each won two awards. Kathy Bates is the most nominated actress in the category, with seven nominations.
Winners and nominations
Listed below are the winners of the award for each year, as well as the other nominees.
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Programs with multiple wins
2 wins
American Crime
American Horror Story
Programs with multiple nominations
12 nominations
American Horror Story
5 nominations
The White Lotus
3 nominations
American Crime
Eleanor and Franklin
Mildred Pierce
Miss Rose White
Mrs. America
2 nominations
American Crime Story
And the Band Played On
Backstairs at the White House
Big Little Lies
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Dopesick
Fargo
Feud
George Wallace
Hamilton
Hysterical Blindness
Indictment: The McMartin Trial
Joan of Arc
Mare of Easttown
The Mists of Avalon
Mrs. Harris
Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All
Playing for Time
QB VII
Temple Grandin
The Thorn Birds
Warm Springs
Welcome to Chippendales
When They See Us
The Women's Room
You Don't Know Jack
Performers with multiple wins
2 wins
Jane Alexander
Judy Davis
Colleen Dewhurst
Regina King (consecutive)
Mare Winningham
Performers with multiple nominations
7 nominations
Kathy Bates
6 nominations
Mare Winningham
5 nominations
Anne Bancroft
Judy Davis
Colleen Dewhurst
Alfre Woodard
4 nominations
Sarah Paulson
3 nominations
Ellen Burstyn
Stockard Channing
Ruby Dee
Patty Duke
Penny Fuller
Eileen Heckart
Regina King
Piper Laurie
Cloris Leachman
Vanessa Redgrave
Jean Smart
Cicely Tyson
2 nominations
Jane Alexander
Eileen Atkins
Angela Bassett
Polly Bergen
Toni Collette
Frances Conroy
Laura Dern
Olympia Dukakis
Julie Harris
Glenne Headly
Anjelica Huston
Shirley Knight
Swoosie Kurtz
Melissa Leo
Juliette Lewis
Audra McDonald
Rosemary Murphy
Patricia Neal
Diana Rigg
Greta Scacchi
Sissy Spacek
Maggie Smith
Merritt Wever
See also
TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama
Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries, or Television Film
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
References
Supporting Actress - Miniseries or Movie
Emmy Award
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime%20Emmy%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Supporting%20Actress%20in%20a%20Limited%20or%20Anthology%20Series%20or%20Movie
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Spider-Plant Man is a British parody short film which parodies the 2002 film adaptation of the superhero character Spider-Man. The film was made for the Comic Relief 2005 appeal and aired on BBC One on 11 March 2005. It features Rowan Atkinson as Peter Piper/Spider-Plant Man and Rachel Stevens as his love-interest Jane-Mary. Additionally, Jim Broadbent also made an appearance, portraying Batman, while Tony Robinson played Robin.
Plot
Peter Piper, a photographer, visits a laboratory where a spider plant with teeth has been created. Piper attempts to take a picture, but is bitten on the bottom by a plant coming down from the ceiling.
Piper leaves the lab via a back door, sits in a dark alley, sweating, and begins to turn green. His molecular structure is shown to be changing with the text "This means something very nasty is happening". When he wakes up, he finds that when he stretches, plants shoot from his arms. He is also able to climb walls. Suddenly, a sweeper, who is also crawling on the wall and cleaning the walls, appears there.
Piper is then shown sitting on a roof, when he sees that Jane-Mary is getting mugged. He goes to save her, but he realizes that he needs a costume. He appears in the alley in a Red Indian costume, a fairy costume and eventually in his green Spider-Plant suit. He saves Jane-Mary, who falls in love with him. He suggests to her that he might be Peter Piper, only to be told that Piper is a loser and a creep. Later Spider-Plant man is seen saving the day around London including helping to retrieve Demo song tapes for the singer and reality TV star Peter Andre.
Spider-Plant Man is then shown landing in an alley late at night where another man says he is his enemy. Peter guesses that he is the Green Goblin, Doctor Octopus, the Itchy Skull, or The Human Man, but it appears to be Batman. The Caped Crusader tells him that he is really angry that no one cares about him anymore and that everyone only wants spiders nowadays. He no longer has the Batmobile, owning only a dilapidated "Bat-Clio". Even Robin has abandoned him. "Apparently he was only in it for the money." Piper tries to help Batman but tells him he has much more important things to do. Suddenly Batman tells Piper that he has kidnapped Jane-Mary and demands him to give up being a Super Hero or she will die but luckily Piper quickly guesses that Batman has trapped her on top of Tower Bridge and rushes off to save her.
Spider-Plant Man swings through London, wondering where Tower Bridge is, while Batman, who couldn't get his Bat-Clio to start, takes the Underground to Tower Bridge. Jane-Mary is bound to a flag on Tower Bridge by Batman. Spider-Plant Man and Batman begin to fight, where they are mistaken by a reporter for Fathers 4 Justice activists. Peter fires a spider plant at him, followed by Batman throwing his Batarang and the battle goes on.
Batman's sidekick Robin (played by Tony Robinson) arrives, and makes a deal with Batman for 20% of the profits on Batman products and a Robinmobile and starts attacking Piper. Whilst hanging from Tower Bridge, Spider-Plant Man makes a deal with Robin for 25% on all pajama sales and his own cereal brand with real marshmallows, Robin switches sides and attacks Batman. Batman is punched off the tower and lands on the reporter. He then punches a Fathers 4 Justice supporter and hijacks a little kid's scooter and gets away.
Spider-Plant Man and Jane-Mary start to kiss. Robin tells Peter it's time to go and moments later Peter punches him. He then asks Jane-Mary whether she will marry him, and she responds, "Who's asking me, Spider-Plant Man or the man behind the spandex?" He replies, "You choose". Jane-Mary is then shown lying in the sun on a beach, next to Piper who is still in his Spider-Plant suit. Piper then turns to the audience, smiling as then a web shoots out with the word "END".
Cast
Rowan Atkinson as Peter Piper / Spider-Plant Man
Rachel Stevens as Jane-Mary
Jim Broadbent as Batman
Mackenzie Crook as Scientist
Nick Frost as Scientist
Simon Pegg as Frank Matters
Peter Andre as Himself
Tony Robinson as Robin
Development
Spider-Plant Man originated while Rowan Atkinson and some other writers were brainstorming ideas for a possible fifth series of Blackadder. One of these ideas was Batadder, a parody of Batman, where Atkinson would play the title character, and Robinson would play his sidekick based on Robin. Plans for the fifth Blackadder series eventually fell through and that particular idea gave rise to the Comic Relief special. Ed Bye of Red Dwarf fame directed the episode "Spider-Plant Man" and used CGI from The Farm and Steve Deakin-Davies' Ambition company.
References
External links
Plot overview
2005 films
2005 short films
2005 comedy films
2000s superhero comedy films
British comedy short films
Comic Relief
Parodies of Spider-Man
2000s English-language films
Unofficial Spider-Man films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider-Plant%20Man
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Scattergories is an American game show on NBC daytime hosted by Dick Clark, with Charlie Tuna as announcer, that aired from January 18 to June 11, 1993. The show, which was adapted from the Milton Bradley board game of the same name, was produced by Reg Grundy Productions and was the second to last American game show to be produced by the company.
Gameplay
Two teams of four competed on each episode, one team consisting entirely of women and the other of men. The show was based on the board game of the same name and featured a panel of five celebrities. Instead of being physically present in the studio, though, the panelists videotaped their responses to the game questions in advance; they also recorded introductions for the host and dialogues leading into and out of commercial breaks.
Main game
The team in control was given 15 seconds to name up to six items that fit a stated category and began with a specified letter of the alphabet. Contestants had to raise their hands before answering, and could not confer with their teammates. No contestant could give two consecutive responses, and an individual word could be used in no more than two answers. The team scored one point for each answer given within the time limit, after which the opposing team was then given an opportunity to challenge any responses they believed were unacceptable. Challenges were settled by a majority vote among a panel of five judges chosen from the studio audience. The team in control gained or lost one point for each response accepted or rejected by the panel, respectively. After the challenges were finished (if any), the team chose four celebrity panelists, one at a time, whose responses to the category/letter were then played back. The team scored one additional point for each panelist's response that was not on their list.
Early in the show's run, the host stated a category/letter at the beginning of the first round, and the first contestant to buzz in and give an acceptable response scored one point and secured initial control for his/her team. Later, the toss-up was dropped and the challengers played first. Some former contestants were invited to serve as judges during the latter portion of the run.
Two rounds were played, with each team having control for one turn per round. All responses and challenges were worth two points in the second round, and initial control was given to the leading team. The high scorers at the end of the second round won the game and $500. In the event of a tie, a toss-up similar to the first-round starter was played; the first contestant to buzz in and give an acceptable response won the game for his/her team.
Teams remained on the show until they were defeated or won five consecutive matches.
Bonus round
One final category was played, with each celebrity giving one answer that started with a different assigned letter. The team had 25 seconds to provide two answers for each of these five letters, playing through them in an order specified by the host. Once time ran out, any celebrities associated with unacceptable answers were taken out of play, as were any for whom the team had failed to give two answers.
The answers given by the remaining ("unlocked") celebrities were then revealed. If a celebrity's answer did not match either of the two given by the team, he/she was "captured." Capturing any three celebrities awarded a cash jackpot that began at $4,000 and increased by $1,000 every day it went unclaimed. Otherwise, the team won $100 per unlocked celebrity.
Originally, the winning team started the round by choosing one of five cards, each containing the name of a different celebrity. The team won the jackpot if they had captured the celebrity whose name they had drawn, or if all five had been captured. If they were unsuccessful, they won $200 per capture.
Broadcast history
Scattergories and a revival of Grundy's earlier hit Scrabble joined the NBC lineup on the same day. NBC was looking to replace the soap opera Santa Barbara, which had been airing since 1984 but had recently suffered a dive in ratings thanks in part to stations becoming more prone to moving their schedules around to open the 3:00 pm slot Santa Barbara occupied for other programming such as talk shows. NBC agreed to give that time slot back to the affiliates once Santa Barbara ended, making it the first of the major American broadcast networks to do this; ABC gave the slot back in 2012, while CBS allowed flexibility to its own affiliates as to where they choose to air programming.
In exchange, NBC reclaimed the noon hour as a network time slot and chose to place both of its new game shows there. Scattergories aired at 12:30 pm, following Scrabble, for its entire run. However, not all of NBC's affiliates would air Scattergories at its scheduled time due to their longstanding practice of airing local newscasts or other syndicated programming in the 12:00 pm hour; this resulted in some NBC stations airing the show in a different spot on their schedule while most others did not air it at all. In the markets that did air Scattergories at its scheduled time, the show faced off against Loving on ABC and the first half-hour of The Young and the Restless on CBS, but did not perform well enough against either soap opera. As a result, NBC cancelled Scattergories after twenty-one weeks of episodes and aired its last episode on June 11, 1993. The show was then replaced on June 14 by Caesars Challenge -- the last new daytime game show to date -- which began airing at 12:30 pm until January 3, 1994, when it moved to 12:00 pm for its last two weeks, finally ending in that slot on January 14, 1994; NBC completely gave back the 12:00 pm hour to its affiliates (for the second time) after that show ended.
Notes
References
External links
1993 American television series debuts
1993 American television series endings
1990s American game shows
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Television shows based on board games
Television series by Reg Grundy Productions
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows based on Hasbro toys
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattergories%20%28game%20show%29
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This is a list of newspapers in Guatemala.
Newspapers
Prensa Libre, the second-most widely circulated newspaper in Guatemala
Al Día
Noticias Guatemala
Diario de Centro América, the nation's newspaper of public record
La Hora
El Metropolitano, based in Mixco; published twice each month
Nuestro Diario, the most widely circulated newspaper in Central America
El Periódico<ref>[http://www.elperiodico.com.gt El Periódico'''s website]</ref>Publinews, the first free daily in GuatemalaEl Quetzalteco, based in Quetzaltenango; digital only and part of Prensa LibreSiglo VeintiunoLa Voz del MigranteLa Epoca, no longer in circulationEl Gráfico, no longer in circulationEl Imparcial'', no longer in circulation
See also
Media of Guatemala
References
Further reading
External links
Guatemala
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Guatemala
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6RTR may refer to:
The 6th Royal Tank Regiment of the British Army
6RTR, a radio station in Perth, Western Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6RTR
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Funny Business (also known as Laughing Matters) is a BBC television documentary series about the craft of comedy. Originally airing in the UK on 22 November 1992 the series consisted of six 50-minute episodes, with each one focusing on a different aspect of humour and show business entertainment. The Series Producer was Sarah Williams and was produced by Tiger Aspect Productions (formerly Tiger Television Productions) for the BBC. The series was also broadcast in Germany and New Zealand and later released on video.
Rowan Atkinson is the director of Funny Business.
Episodes
Series 1 (1992)
Visual Comedy: A Lecture by Rowan Atkinson M.Sc. (Oxon.)
This episode was directed by David Hinton. The writers were Rowan Atkinson, Robin Driscoll, and David Hinton. The show featured appearances by many comedians, including Rowan Atkinson who made an appearance both as the presenter/narrator and as an aspiring comedy actor named Kevin Bartholomew. Atkinson demonstrated many of the principles of comedy (slapstick, mime, etc.) in a manner which was instantly identifiable to anyone familiar with his Mr. Bean character.
In this episode, Atkinson claims that the three principal mechanics behind visual comedy are for an object or person to
behave in an unexpected way
be in an unexpected place
be of the wrong size
In a central part of the documentary, Atkinson emphasizes the need to deliver the comedy with a carefully crafted attitude or persona. The character behind the comedy is at least as important as the techniques used. He claims that even though Charlie Chaplin is considered to be one of the greatest comedians of all time, Chaplin does not make us laugh anymore today, because we can not identify with Chaplin's "attitude."
The Subsections of the Episode
This 50-minute episode shows the mechanics at work in chapters that define visual comedy. Each section illustrates examples of mostly early visual comedy and references to the comedians, actors, and directors that defined these movements. The post-era visual comedy that is referenced is that of slapstick comedian Leslie Nielsen.
Slapstick and Violence
Laughing at others' pain and humiliation
Early American violence and Mack Sennett's contribution of the Keystone Cops
"The more real it is, the funnier it is"
Pain in comedy is conveyed by
Over-exaggeration
Under-exaggeration
Magic and Surrealism
The similarities between comedians and magicians
Sudden appearances or disappearances
Georges Méliès: "the first person to make surreal jokes using film magic"
Exaggerated movement speeds (speeding things up)
Comedy is rooted in fear
Haunted house movies use the principles of appearances/disappearances
Imitation and Parody
Parody is exaggerated imitation (imitation that implies ridicule)
Satire: parodying a person who represents "power" or "authority"
Parodies of pop culture use three kinds of comedy
Imitating the mannerisms of a well-known character
Jokes about the physical mechanics of the parody
Imitation of the visual style of the original
Mime and Body Language
The comedy of personality (as opposed to comedy about gags) is about doing something normal in a funny way (expressed through body language)
Jacques Tati: made post-silent era films without dialogue
Jokes and Attitude
The Dim Attitude: stupidity and a lack of awareness (that's less than the audience)
The Aggressive Attitude: Apathy toward others
The Crude Attitude: vulgarity
Charlie Chaplin: he was the master of visual comedy
The Character of the Physical Comedian
The comedian must be an "alien" to familiarities, customs, and traditions
The comedian must have "innocence" as though they were "born yesterday"
Harry Langdon: "an adult with the emotional and intellectual equivalent of an infant"
Childishness comes out in the comedian's "battle" with objects (giving the objects a "life" of their own)
The comedian must be clumsy by making mistakes and having accidents with objects
The comedian will keep attempting something "long after a normal person would've given up"
The comedian doesn't understand or just disregards "morality," "legality," or traditional conventions
Three Different Approaches from the Comedian's Manual of Sexual Relationships
The Romantic Approach: "his emotional age zooms up from childhood to early adolescence"
The Direct Approach: "ignores all codes of proper behavior and acts on his desires"
The Startled Virgin: a role reversal "with the woman as the sexual aggressor" and the male as a "bewildered child"
The Final Point
Reception
Montreal Gazettes Mike Boone found that Funny Business is incomplete and outdated as it failed to include Roseanne, Seinfeld, and The Larry Sanders Show. He wrote, "But lack of up-to-dateness is a minor quibble about an otherwise fascinating - and frequently funny - documentary. Funny Business talks to the best and brightest in network comedy: English, Larry Gelbart, Norman Lear, James Burrows. The creators are uniformly candid, articulate and interesting." Derek Leather of The Age praised the television series, writing, "In spite of this roster, Kevin is one of the funniest characters in Funny Business, underlining the preeminence of Atkinson as a visual comedian. The six episodes in this series will be enough to see you through the election. Great comic timing by the ABC and compulsory viewing for everyone wanting to keep a sense of proportion."
References
External links
1992 British television series debuts
1992 British television series endings
1990s British comedy television series
BBC television comedy
BBC television documentaries
1990s British documentary television series
English-language television shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funny%20Business%20%28TV%20series%29
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This is a list of newspapers in Haiti
Current
Hebdo24 (Haitian online newspaper (media))
Balistrad, est. 2018 (Haitian online newspaper (media))
Le Nouvelliste, est. 1898
, est. 2015
Le Matin, est. 1907
Le Moniteur, Port-au-Prince, est. 1845 (official journal)
Haïti Liberté, est. 2007 (weekly, print and online)
Haïti Observateur
Haïti en Marche (weekly)
Haïti Progrès (weekly)
Defunct
Le Cap, est. 1804 in Cap-Haïtien
Courrier du Soir
L'Essor
Feuille du Commerce, Port-au-Prince
Gazette des Tribuneaux
Haiti Commerciale, Industrielle et Agricole
Haiti-Journal ()
Haiti Sun (est. 1950)
Haiti Times (est. 1984)
L'Informateur Haitien
Journal du Commerce, active 1820s? in Cap-Haïtien
Le Manifeste, Port-au-Prince
Le Telegraphe, Port-au-Prince
Le Temps, Port-au-Prince
L'Union, Port-au-Prince
See also
Media of Haiti
Haitian literature
List of newspapers
Balistrad
References
Bibliography
(6 volumes, 1993–1997)
External links
ABYZ News links - Haiti newspapers and news media guide
newspaper index
Balistrad
Haiti en Marche
Haiti Progres
Le Nouvelliste
Haiti
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Haiti
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Brivudine (trade names Zostex, Mevir, Brivir, among others) is an antiviral drug used in the treatment of herpes zoster ("shingles"). Like other antivirals, it acts by inhibiting replication of the target virus.
Medical uses
Brivudine is used for the treatment of herpes zoster in adult patients. It is taken orally once daily, in contrast to aciclovir, valaciclovir and other antivirals. A study has found that it is more effective than aciclovir, but this has been disputed because of a possible conflict of interest on part of the study authors.
Contraindications
The drug is contraindicated in patients undergoing immunosuppression (for example because of an organ transplant) or cancer therapy, especially with fluorouracil (5-FU) and chemically related (pro)drugs such as capecitabine and tegafur, as well as the antimycotic drug flucytosine, which is also related to 5-FU. It has not been proven to be safe in children and pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Adverse effects
The drug is generally well tolerated. The only common side effect is nausea (in 2% of patients). Less common side effects (<1%) include headache, increased or lowered blood cell counts (granulocytopenia, anaemia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis), increased liver enzymes, and allergic reactions.
Interactions
Brivudine interacts strongly and in rare cases lethally with the anticancer drug fluorouracil (5-FU), its prodrugs and related substances. Even topically applied 5-FU can be dangerous in combination with brivudine. This is caused by the main metabolite, bromovinyluracil (BVU), irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) which is necessary for inactivating 5-FU. After a standard brivudine therapy, DPD function can be compromised for up to 18 days. This interaction is shared with the closely related drug sorivudine which also has BVU as its main metabolite.
There are no other relevant interactions. Brivudine does not significantly influence the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver.
Pharmacology
Spectrum of activity
The drug inhibits replication of varicella zoster virus (VZV) – which causes herpes zoster – and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), but not HSV-2 which typically causes genital herpes. In vitro, inhibitory concentrations against VZV are 200- to 1000-fold lower than those of aciclovir and penciclovir, theoretically indicating a much higher potency of brivudine. Clinically relevant VZV strains are particularly sensitive.
Mechanism of action
Brivudine is an analogue of the nucleoside thymidine. The active compound is brivudine 5'-triphosphate, which is formed in subsequent phosphorylations by viral (but not human) thymidine kinase and presumably by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase. Brivudine 5'-triphosphate works because it is incorporated into the viral DNA, but then blocks the action of DNA polymerases, thus inhibiting viral replication.
Pharmacokinetics
Brivudine is well and rapidly absorbed from the gut and undergoes first-pass metabolism in the liver, where the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase quickly splits off the sugar component, leading to a bioavailability of 30%. The resulting metabolite is bromovinyluracil (BVU), which does not have antiviral activity. BVU is also the only metabolite that can be detected in the blood plasma.
Highest blood plasma concentrations are reached after one hour. Brivudine is almost completely (>95%) bound to plasma proteins. Terminal half-life is 16 hours; 65% of the substance are found in the urine and 20% in the faeces, mainly in form of an acetic acid derivative (which is not detectable in the plasma), but also other water-soluble metabolites, which are urea derivatives. Less than 1% is excreted in form of the original compound.
Chemistry
The molecule has three chiral carbon atoms in the deoxyribose (sugar) part all of which have defined orientation; i.e. the drug is stereochemically pure. The substance is a white powder.
Manufacturing
Main supplier is Berlin Chemie, now part of Italy's Menarini Group. In Central America is provided by Menarini Centro America and Wyeth.
History
The substance was first synthesized by scientists at the University of Birmingham in the UK in 1976. It was shown to be a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 and VZV by Erik De Clercq at the Rega Institute for Medical Research in Belgium in 1979. In the 1980s the drug became commercially available in East Germany, where it was marketed as Helpin by a pharmaceutical company called Berlin-Chemie. Only after the indication was changed to the treatment of herpes zoster in 2001 did it become more widely available in Europe.
Brivudine is approved for use in a number of European countries including Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland.
Etymology
The name brivudine derives from the chemical nomenclature bromo-vinyl-deoxyuridine or BVDU for short. It is sold under trade names such as Bridic, Brival, Brivex, Brivir, Brivirac, Brivox, Brivuzost, Zerpex, Zonavir, Zostex, and Zovudex.
Research
A Cochrane Systematic Review examined the effectiveness of multiple antiviral drugs in the treatment of herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis. Brivudine was found to be significantly more effective than idoxuridine in increasing the number of successfully healed eyes of participants.
See also
Related antiviral drugs
Aciclovir
Valacyclovir, a prodrug form of aciclovir
Famciclovir, an analogue of Penciclovir with greater oral availability
Foscarnet, an intravenous antiviral for aciclovir-resistant VZV
Penciclovir, a topical preparation
Vaccines and other treatments
Zostavax, a live virus Herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine
Varivax, a live virus Varicella Zoster (chickenpox) vaccine
Shingrix, a recombinant subunit vaccine for shingles
VZV immune globulin, an antibody-based treatment for immune-suppressed patients with zoster
References
Nucleosides
Pyrimidinediones
Organobromides
Anti-herpes virus drugs
Hydroxymethyl compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brivudine
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This is a list of newspapers in Honduras.
Newspapers
Diez
La Gazzeta (official government newspaper)
El Caribe
El Heraldo
Honduras This Week (in English)
Honduras Weekly (in English)
El Periódico
La Prensa
El Tiempo
La Tribuna (Honduras)
See also
Media of Honduras
References
Further reading
External links
list of newspapers from Honduras at NewspaperIndex.com
Honduras
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Honduras
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St. Mary's Hall may refer to:
United Kingdom
St. Mary's Hall, Coventry, England
Stonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall, preparatory school to Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, England
St Mary Hall, Oxford, England
St Mary's Hall, Brighton, girls school founded in 1836 and closed in 2009
United States
St. Mary's Hall at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
St. Mary's Hall, a private school located in San Antonio, Texas, USA
Doane Academy (formerly St. Mary's Hall - Doane Academy), a private school located in Burlington, New Jersey, USA
Shattuck-Saint Mary's, a private school located in Faribault, Minnesota, USA
China
St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai, a girls' school in Shanghai related to St. John's University, Shanghai and St. John's University (Taiwan)
Educational institution disambiguation pages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mary%27s%20Hall
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Mary Margaret McKeown (born May 11, 1951) is a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit based in San Diego. McKeown has served on the Ninth Circuit since her confirmation in 1998.
Early life and education
McKeown, a native of Casper, Wyoming, graduated from Kelly Walsh High School in Casper in 1969. She attended the University of Madrid and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Wyoming with a Bachelor of Arts in 1972.
She worked for Senator Clifford P. Hansen, whom she credits with inspiring her interest in the legal profession. McKeown received her Juris Doctor in 1975 from Georgetown University Law Center. She also received an honorary Doctor of Laws from Georgetown.
Legal career
McKeown was the first female partner with the law firm of Perkins Coie in Seattle and Washington, D.C. McKeown specialized in intellectual property, antitrust, trade regulation, and complex litigation, representing clients like Boeing, Nintendo, Amazon, and Citicorp. McKeown was co-founder of the firm’s Washington, D.C. office and founded the firm’s intellectual property practice. She spent over two decades at the firm.
From 1980 until 1981, McKeown served as a White House Fellow. She worked as a Special Assistant to Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus and as Special Assistant for domestic policy at the White House.
McKeown was the president of the Federal Bar Association of the Western District of Washington and a founder and first co-president of the statewide Washington Women Lawyers.
Teaching and scholarship
McKeown is the jurist-in-residence at the University of San Diego (USD) School of Law.
She taught at Georgetown University Law Center, Northwestern University Law School, and the University of Washington School of Law. McKeown is an affiliated scholar at the Center for the American West at Stanford University.
Selected publications include: "The Lost Sanctuary: Examining Sex Trafficking Through the Lens of Ah Sou" (Cornell Journal of International Law, 2008); "Happy Birthday Statute of Anne: The Dance Between the Courts and Congress" (Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 2010); "To Judge or Not to Judge: Transparency and Recusal in the Federal System" (The Review of Litigation, 2011); "The Internet and the Constitution: A Selective Retrospective" (Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts, 2014); "Culinary Ambiguity: A Canonical Approach to Deciphering Menus" (Harvard Journal on Legislation, 2014); "Beginning with Brown: Springboard for Gender Equality and Social Change" (San Diego Law Review, Fall 2015); "The ABA Rule of Law Initiative: Celebrating 25 Years of Global Initiatives" (Michigan Journal of International Law, 2018); "The Nineteenth Amendment Centennial Cookbook: 100 Recipes for 100 Years" (ABA 2019); "My Mother Made Me Do It: A Short History of the Nineteenth Amendment" (Litigation, 2020); "The Judiciary Steps Up to the Workplace Challenge" (Northwestern University Law Review, 2021); and "Politics and Judicial Ethics: A Historical Perspective" (Yale Law Journal Forum, 2021).
She is the author of Citizen Justice: The Environmental Legacy of Justice William O. Douglas—Public Advocate and Conservation Champion (Potomac Press 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Citizen Justice |url=https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781640123007/ |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Nebraska Press}}</ref>
Federal judicial service
On March 29, 1996, President Bill Clinton nominated McKeown for a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and then renominated her on January 7, 1997. McKeown was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 27, 1998, by a 80–11 vote. She received her commission on April 8, 1998.
On January 12, 2022, McKeown announced that she would assume senior status upon the confirmation of her successor.
On September 15, 2022, she assumed senior status.
She has served on multiple committees for the court. For the Ninth Circuit, she currently serves as chair of the Workplace Environment Committee and chair of the Pacific Islands Committee. She has also served on the Executive Committee of the Ninth Circuit, chair of the Ninth Circuit Judicial Conference, the Ad Hoc Death Penalty Rules Committee, and chair of the Ninth Circuit Education Commission.
She served as chair of the Judicial Conference of the United States Codes of Conduct Committee, the national ethics committee for federal judges, and is currently a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States Committee on Judicial Conduct and Disability. McKeown served as a member of the ABA Commission to redraft the Model Code of Judicial Ethics.
McKeown has worked on promoting a respectful work environment within the judiciary through her position as Chair of the Workplace Environment Committee for the Ninth Circuit and her appointment by Chief Justice Roberts to the Federal Judiciary Workplace Conduct Working Group.
She is former president of the Federal Judges Association and the San Diego Association of Business Trial Lawyers. She served as chair of the ABA Commission on the Nineteenth Amendment and the ABA Standing Committee on Federal Judicial Improvements. She has also served on the Managerial Board of the International Association of Women Judges.
Statistics
Between December 2014 and August 2020, McKeown sat on an en banc panel 29 times. McKeown was in the majority in all 29 of the en banc cases she heard during that period. She has also authored more than 600 opinions.
Cases
En banc Skidmore as Tr. for Randy Craig Wolfe Tr. v. Led Zeppelin, 952 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2020) (en banc). On rehearing en banc, McKeown wrote for the majority to clarify the scope of copyright protection under federal law. A songwriter’s estate claimed that Led Zeppelin’s Stairway to Heaven copied portions of the rock song Taurus. The Ninth Circuit held that under the Copyright Act of 1909, the scope of the copyright in Taurus was limited to the 1967 deposit copy. This meant that the estate could not play sound recordings for the jury to evaluate whether Stairway to Heaven and Taurus were substantially similar. Additionally, the court formally abrogated the “inverse ratio rule” which had permitted a lower standard of proof to satisfy the “substantial similarity” test if a plaintiff could demonstrate that the alleged infringer had a high degree of access to the protected work. In doing so, McKeown wrote that the rule “defies logic” and joined the Second, Fifth, Seventh, and Eleventh Circuits to dispose of its use.City of Oakland v. Wells Fargo & Co., 14 F. 4th 1030 (9th Cir. 2021) (en banc). The City of Oakland, California claimed that Wells Fargo’s discriminatory lending practices caused higher default rates, which in turn triggered higher foreclosure rates that drove down the assessed value of properties, and which ultimately resulted in lost property tax revenue and increased municipal expenditures for the city. McKeown wrote for a unanimous en banc panel to hold that these downstream “ripples of harm” were too attenuated and traveled too “far beyond” Wells Fargo’s alleged misconduct to establish proximate cause under recent Supreme Court precedent. Absent proximate cause, the city failed to state a claim that Wells Fargo violated the Fair Housing Act.
Copyright Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc). Actor Cindy Lee Garcia was tricked into performing in a blasphemous video proclamation against the Prophet Mohammed. The video was uploaded to YouTube and garnered millions of views. Garcia received death threats. Asserting a copyright interest in her performance, Garcia sought a preliminary injunction against Google to remove the film from its platform. On rehearing en banc, McKeown wrote that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Garcia a preliminary injunction based on her copyright claim. Garcia failed to establish a likelihood of success on the merits because Garcia’s fleeting performance in the video did not amount to a “work” under copyright law, and she was unlikely to experience irreparable harm because the video had already persisted for months online before she sought the injunction. Finally, McKeown dissolved the prior panel’s takedown order to Google because the film was of substantial interest to the public and a prior restraint of speech under the First Amendment, and Garcia could not overcome the heavy presumption against such restraints with her thin copyright claim. Dr. Seuss Enterprises, L.P. v. ComicMix LLC, 983 F.3d 443 (9th Cir. 2020). This case concerned a book titled “Oh, the Places You’ll Boldly Go!”: a Dr. Seuss and Star Trek “mashup.” The comic book contains various elements from Dr. Seuss’s famous book entitled “Oh, the Places You’ll Go!”, which were mashed-up with several characters, imagery, and elements from the Star Trek science fiction franchise. Writing for the panel, McKeown concluded that ComicMix had created, without seeking permission or a license, a non-transformative commercial work that targets and usurps the original work’s potential market. Because the work was neither transformative nor parody, it did not qualify as fair use.
Criminal United States v. Cotterman, 709 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc). Cotterman was traveling back from Mexico with his wife. Border Agents got an alert that Cotterman was a sex offender convicted for child molestation. They conducted a cursory search of his laptop and found no incriminating pictures but did find password-protected files. Given the alert and the protected files, agents seized the laptop at the U.S.-Mexico border and shipped it 170 miles away for a full forensic examination. In this second inspection, agents discovered child pornography. At trial, the district court granted Cotterman's motion to suppress the evidence of child pornography obtained during the forensic examination because there was no reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. Writing for the en banc majority, McKeown held the Fourth Amendment required that Border Agents have reasonable suspicion before they may conduct a forensic examination of a traveler's personal electronic equipment.
Immigration Quintero Perez v. United States, 8 F.4th 1095 (9th Cir. 2021). In Quintero Perez v. USA, a Mexican national was fatally shot by U.S. Border Patrol while on U.S. soil. The shot caused the Mexican national’s body to fall exactly on the U.S.-Mexico Border. The family of the deceased Mexican national sued the United States under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) and the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) and also brought Fourth Amendment Bivens claims against the agent and the supervisor in charge of Border Patrol. McKeown’s majority opinion held that the ATS and FTCA claims were barred by sovereign immunity and the applicable statute of limitations, respectively. With respect to the Fourth Amendment Bivens claims, McKeown held that these claims presented a new context and declined to extend Bivens to reach this new context.
Antitrust DeHoog v. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, 899 F.3d 758 (9th Cir. 2018). A group of beer consumers sued to prevent Anheuser-Busch InBev, SA/NV from acquiring SABMiller, plc, alleging that the merger was anticompetitive and violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act. Writing for a unanimous panel, McKeown dismissed the consumers’ lawsuit because the acquisition “did not create a reasonable probability of anticompetitive effects in the U.S. beer market” because the Department of Justice had required SAB to completely divest its interests in the domestic beer market.
International law Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena, 897 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2018). This case involved the ownership of two oil paintings by Lucas Cranach the Elder that were forcibly sold to Nazi officials from a Dutch art dealer after the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940. After the war, the Allied Forces recovered the paintings and turned them over to the Dutch government, which sold the paintings to an individual, who later re-sold them to the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, California. In the 1990s, descendants of the Dutch art dealer sought restitution in the Dutch Court of Appeals, which denied relief. In her opinion, McKeown also denied relief. Applying the act of state doctrine, she “decline[d] the invitation to invalidate the official actions of the Netherlands,” and held that the museum had valid title to the paintings.de Fontbrune v. Wofsy, 838 F.3d 992 (9th Cir. 2016), as amended on denial of rehearing and rehearing en banc (November 14, 2016). This case involved a multi-year litigation centered on photographs of Pablo Picasso’s artwork. Vincent de Frontbrune received a $2.2 million judgment in French court and sought to enforce the judgment in California. McKeown’s majority opinion held that astreinte (a French judicial device) functioned not as a fine but as a grant of monetary recovery, thus allowing the judgment to be enforced in federal court under the California Uniform Foreign-Court Monetary Judgment Recognition Act.
Gender discrimination Costa v. Desert Palace, 299 F.3d 838 (9th Cir. 2002) (en banc). In an opinion written by McKeown, the en banc panel held that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 imposes no special or heightened evidentiary burden on a plaintiff in a mixed-motive sex discrimination case. In this case, a forklift operator—the only woman in her bargaining unit—claimed that her employer, a Las Vegas casino, had fired her in part on account of her sex. Further, she claimed to have been singled out and harassed by her male colleagues and subjected to unwarranted disciplinary sanctions throughout her employment. McKeown’s opinion affirmed the casino’s liability, as well as the judgment for back-pay and compensatory damages. The opinion noted that discrimination on the basis of sex need only be “a motivating factor,” rather than the sole motivating factor, in order for a plaintiff to be able to bring a Title VII claim.Edmo v. Corizon, Inc., 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019). In a per curiam opinion, the panel held that an incarcerated transgender woman had a right to gender-affirming surgery. For prison officials to deny her access to such “medically necessary” care, the panel wrote, would constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The panel concluded that the prisoner was entitled to injunctive relief, because “the deprivation of [her] constitutional right to adequate medical care is sufficient to establish irreparable harm.”
Awards
McKeown is the recipient of the: American Inns of Court Professionalism Award for the Ninth Circuit; ABA John Marshall Award; ABA Margaret Brent Women of Achievement Award; Big Sisters Outstanding Mentor Award; California Bar Association Intellectual Property Vanguard Award; Federal Bar Association Public Service Award; Georgetown University Law Center Robert F. Drinan Public Service Award; Georgetown University Law Center Outstanding Alumnae; Georgetown University John Carroll Award (highest honor); Girl Scouts Cool Women Award; University of Wyoming Distinguished Alumni Award; Washington Women Lawyers’ President’s Award; White House Fellows Legacy of Leadership Award; and Federal Bar Association Public Service Award.
In 2020, McKeown was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. She served as past chair of the White House Fellows Foundation and the Georgetown Law School Board of Visitors. Additionally, she was on the national boards of Volunteers of America and Girl Scouts U.S.A.
McKeown serves on the board of the Teton Science School in Jackson, Wyoming.
She participated in the first American mountain climbing expedition to Mount Shishapangma in Tibet.
Law reform work
McKeown was elected to the American Law Institute in 1993 and was elected to the ALI Council in 2009. She has served as an Adviser on several projects, including: Intellectual Property: Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law, and Judgments in Transnational Disputes; Restatement of the U.S. Law of International Commercial Arbitration and Investor-State Arbitration; and Restatement of U.S. Foreign Relations Law. She is also a current Advisor on the Restatement of the Law for Copyright.
Rule of law work
McKeown has lectured and taught throughout the world on intellectual property, international law, human rights law, litigation, ethics, judicial administration, and constitutional law and has participated in numerous rule of law initiatives with judges and lawyers. In 2016, McKeown took part in the 10th annual International Humanitarian Law Dialogs in Nuremberg, Germany, where she presented the Nuremberg Declaration—a joint statement by international prosecutors. McKeown has chaired the American Bar Association’s Rule of Law Initiative and is a senior advisor. She previously chaired ABA ROLI Latin America and the Caribbean Council. She serves on the board of the World Justice Project and on the Judicial Advisory Board of the American Society of International Law.
Book
In 2022, McKeown published a nonfiction book, Citizen Justice: The Environmental Legacy of William O. Douglas.''
See also
Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates
References
External links
Official author website
Bar Association profile of Judge McKeown
Faculty page for the University of San Diego Law School
1951 births
Living people
20th-century American judges
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American judges
21st-century American women judges
American legal scholars
American women lawyers
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
People from Casper, Wyoming
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Bill Clinton
University of Washington School of Law faculty
University of Wyoming alumni
White House Fellows
American women legal scholars
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Margaret%20McKeown
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The Saint John Free Public Library incorporated in 1883, was the first tax-supported public library in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, hence the inclusion of "Free" in the title.
The Saint John Free Public Library consists of three branches, the central branch in the Market Square complex, East Branch in the Saint John Transit Building, and West Branch in Lancaster Mall. All of these libraries are under the Fundy Library Region, which is headquartered in Market Square.
Services
Information and reference services
Access to full text databases
Community information
Internet access
Reader's advisory services
Programs for children, youth and adults
Delivery to homebound individuals
Interlibrary loan
Free downloadable audiobooks
History
St. John Mechanics' Institute was one of a series of Mechanic's Institutes that were set up around the world after being popularized in Britain. It housed a subscription library that allowed members who paid a fee to borrow books. The Mechanic's Institutes libraries eventually became public libraries after the establishment of free libraries.
1811: New Brunswick’s very first library opened in Saint John in 1811 operated on a subscription basis with a fee being charged for the use of the collections.
1874: Plans for a free public library in Saint John were initiated by the President of the Mechanics’ Institute.
1877: Great Saint John Fire delayed plans for library.
1879: Colonel James Domville, member of council was actively involved in the procurement of a book collection for the use of the public library and to replace the collection destroyed by the fire.
1883: First tax supported public library in Canada, the Saint John Free Public Library opened in the City Market on Charlotte Street.
1885: The library moved to the Masonic Temple building on Germain Street where it remained for 19 years.
1904: Thanks to a $50,000 donation from the American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, a new library building opened on Hazen Avenue.
1912: The card catalogue first started being used.
1915: Story hours for children were inaugurated.
1967: West Branch opened in Lancaster Mall.
1968: East Branch opened in the Loch Lomond Mall.
1975: East Branch relocated to Westmorland Place.
1983: The library moved into new quarters in the Market Square harbour front complex.
1998: Automated circulation services was introduced.
2000: The Millennium Artplace was opened in the library lobby.
Collections
Enjoy reading materials for all your information & recreation needs including bestsellers, large print books, audiobooks, music, DVDs and videos for all ages, magazines, language kits, adult literacy materials, talking books for the visually and physically challenged and braille books for children.
Saint John Newspapers - Newspapers on microfilm date back to the late 18th century.
Programs for children including Babies in the Library, Toddlertime, Preschool Storytime and Family Drop in.
Adult programs such as computer courses, tutorials, genealogical information and research assistance.
Meinhardt Reading Room - a reading oasis nestled in the heart of the library.
New Readers’ Area - featuring books of different reading levels for adult learners and ESL students.
House of Languages - featuring books in 11 languages including French, Korean, Chinese and Spanish.
Teen Zone D’Ados – Books, computers and a place for teens to work and relax.
Special Collections room – Decorated in the style of a 19th-century Victorian salon, this room features a collection of over 9,000 unique items from Saint John’s earliest days.
Barbara Ring Collection of art; featuring over thirty original pieces of artwork from the Atlantic provinces.
Library Branches
Central Library 1 Market Square, Saint John, N.B. E2L 4Z6
East Branch 55 McDonald Street, Saint John, N.B. E2J 0C7
West Branch 621 Fairville Blvd. Saint John, N.B. E2M 4X5
References
Sources
Saint John Free Public Library Information Page
Carnegie Libraries in Canada
History of The Carnegie Building
External links
New Brunswick Public Libraries Saint John Free Public Library
City of Saint John
Public libraries in New Brunswick
Carnegie libraries in Canada
Education in Saint John, New Brunswick
Culture of Saint John, New Brunswick
Tourist attractions in Saint John, New Brunswick
Buildings and structures in Saint John, New Brunswick
Libraries established in 1883
1883 establishments in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20John%20Free%20Public%20Library
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This is a list of newspapers in Nicaragua.
Newspapers
Other Newspapers
El 19 (Managua) (daily, digital)
7 Días (Managua) (bi-weekly)
Confidencial (Managua) (daily, digital)
La Jornada (Managua) (daily, digital)
El Mercurio (Managua) (weekly)
Metro (Managua) (daily)
Notifax (Managua) (newsletter, daily)
El Nuevo Diario (Managua) (daily)
Períodico HOY (Managua) (daily)
La Trinchera de la Noticia (Managua) (newsletter, Monday to Friday)
No longer in circulation
El Nuevo Diario (Managua)
Barricada (FSLN) (Managua) (out of business)
La Brújula Semanal (Managua) (weekly)
La Crónica (Managua) (out of business)
La Noticia (Managua) (out of business)
Novedades (Managua) (out of business)
El Semanario (Managua) (out of business)
Tiempos del Mundo (Managua) (out of business)
La Tribuna (Managua) (out of business)
See also
Media of Nicaragua
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Nicaragua
Newspapers
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Nicaragua
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This is a list of newspapers in Panama.
Newspapers
Crítica - website
Día a Día - website
El Panameño
La Estrella de Panamá
Mi Diario
Panamá América - website
La Prensa
El Siglo
See also
Media of Panama
Further reading
External links
Panama
Newspapers in Panama
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Panama
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"Disneyland 10th Anniversary" is a 1965 episode of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, broadcast on both January 3 and May 30.
The show begins with Walt Disney showing viewers and Disneyland ambassador Julie Reihm plans for upcoming attractions, including It's a Small World, Pirates of the Caribbean and the Haunted Mansion. In Disneyland, the Disney characters celebrate Disneyland's decennial, with a show in front of the Sleeping Beauty Castle and a parade put on by a local high school band and cheerleaders. Next, Walt Disney describes a brief history of the construction of the park, followed by a tour of some of the attractions at the time, including Matterhorn Bobsleds, Jungle Cruise, the Flying Saucers, the Mine Train Through Nature's Wonderland and the Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room. The climax of the episode is a Dixieland band on the Mark Twain Riverboat, and some other boats on the Rivers of America put on an interesting water show.
Home media
The short was released on December 4, 2001, on Walt Disney Treasures: Disneyland, USA and in 2006 on Walt Disney Treasures: Your Host, Walt Disney. In both of the DVD releases the Tiki Room show segment is significantly reduced in length.
References
External links
Walt Disney anthology television series episodes
1965 American television episodes
Disneyland
Television episodes directed by Hamilton Luske
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disneyland%2010th%20Anniversary
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David Penzer (born May 22, 1966) is an American professional wrestling ring announcer currently signed to Impact Wrestling. He is also known for his work with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1993 to 2001. Outside of ring announcing, he is also a realtor and hosted the podcast Sitting Ringside.
Early life
Penzer attended the University of Florida. While there, he operated a mobile disc jockey company.
Announcing career
Global Wrestling Alliance (1988–1993)
Penzer debuted as a ring announcer in 1988, appearing with the Global Wrestling Alliance in the South Florida metropolitan area.
World Championship Wrestling (1993–2001)
Penzer first became involved with World Championship Wrestling around mid-to-late 1993 or early 1994 while acting as a booking agent for Floridan jobbers who appeared at WCW events. He was eventually hired by Tony Schiavone in 1995 and was mentored by Gary Cappetta. When Cappetta was released from WCW in 1995, Penzer was appointed main ring announcer by WCW President Eric Bischoff. His announcing attire was notable in that, rather than the traditional black, Penzer often wore a vibrantly colorful cummerbund with his tuxedo.
Penzer's place at wrestling events was usually restricted to announcing; however, in late 1997, Chris Jericho found himself on a losing streak and would repeatedly attack Penzer for announcing the winner's name, often taking Penzer's steel chair and repeatedly bash it against the ring post. Jericho would then give humorous apologies and even gave Penzer a new suit jacket as a gift, yet he would once again throw a tantrum soon after. Penzer remained with WCW until the promotion was purchased by the World Wrestling Federation in March 2001. In the course of his WCW career, he attended every single taping of WCW Monday Nitro as well as Thunder.
Post-WCW (2001–2005)
Following the sale of WCW, Penzer worked with the Xcitement Wrestling Federation until it closed. He then began working on the independent circuit as a booking agent, in addition to acting as the manager of Rowdy Roddy Piper's book tour and appearing with the short-lived World Wrestling All-Stars promotion. In 2001, he was the ring announcer for the main event of a NWA Florida show where Steve Corino defeated Mike Rapada to become the new NWA World Heavyweight Champion. In 2004, he became Vice President of an airbrush tattoo company.
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2006–2010)
In 2006, Penzer joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a ring announcer, making his debut on the pre-show of Against All Odds pay-per-view on February 12, 2006, replacing Jeremy Borash, who became a backstage interviewer in the process.
On the October 16, 2008 edition of TNA Impact!, Kurt Angle beat up Penzer and then put the Ankle lock on him. Penzer was legitimately injured as his face became swollen. Jeremy Borash took over ring announcing duties for the rest of the night.
On May 16, 2010, Penzer was released from TNA as a cost cutting measure, with Borash returning to his previous position. Penzer's final show during this tenure was the May 13, 2010 edition of Impact!.
Returns to Impact Wrestling (2017, 2020–present)
Penzer returned to Impact Wrestling as a ring announcer at the April 21 Impact Wrestling television tapings, replacing Rockstar Spud. He was the ring announcer for much of 2017 up until Bound for Glory in November. In December 2017, Penzer announced on his Sitting Ringside podcast that he would not return to Impact Wrestling in the near future due to their ongoing budget cuts.
Penzer was supposed to be the ring announcer for the TNA: There's No Place Like Home pay-per-view before it was called off due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, Penzer later got signed full-time, making his second return to the company, starting in March 2020 at the Impact! tapings in Coca-Cola Roxy in Atlanta, Georgia, where he also did commentary work with Scott D'Amore for the TNA on AXS TV special, which was a preview broadcast for the aforementioned pay-per-piew. In addition to becoming the ring announcer once again for Impact Wrestling, Penzer also became the host of the weekly interview segment Around the Ring on Impact! Xplosion beginning with the May 23 edition.
Penzer's ring announcing for Impact is mostly done with him outside the ring except for some championship matches where he introduces in-ring the participants after their entrances. During several months in 2021, Moose used this method to his advantage after he declared himself TNA World Champion at Rebellion and would instruct Penzer to introduce several of his matches in-ring as championship matches to validate his reign.
Post-wrestling career
In 2014, Penzer became a real estate agent in the Tampa, Florida area with Exit Elite Realty.
In 2017, Penzer began to appear regularly on the YouTube channel THE HANNIBAL TV, recalling his experiences in wrestling or interviewing other stars on their experiences. It was the first time in seven years he was seen in the wrestling business.
References
External links
Living people
People from the Bronx
Professional wrestling announcers
University of Florida alumni
1959 births
American real estate brokers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Penzer
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Titans East is the name of several DC Comics superhero teams. The teams appear in the Teen Titans comic books and animated series. The comic book incarnation of Titans East first appeared in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #18 (2005) during the "Titans Tomorrow" storyline, which is set in the future. A present-day incarnation appeared in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #43 (2007), as a group of villains led by Deathstroke. Cyborg later assembled a new version of the team.
Team history
Titans East is based on the Teen Titans' west-coast counterpart Titans West, a team of lesser-known teenage heroes including Beast Boy, Flamebird, and Hawk and Dove. Currently, the "main" Titans team is based in San Francisco, California, on the West Coast.
Titans Tomorrow
The original Titans East first appeared in the "Titans Tomorrow" storyline in which the Teen Titans meet their villainous older selves in the future. This incarnation of Titans East is a group of former Titans rebelling against the future Titans' rule over the Western United States:
Batwoman (Bette Kane): Formerly Flamebird and ex-lover of Tim Drake.
Bumblebee (Karen Beecher-Duncan): Co-leader of Titans East.
Captain Marvel (Freddy Freeman): Formerly Captain Marvel Jr. and successor to the power of the wizard Shazam.
Cyborg 2.0 (Victor Stone): An upgraded Cyborg and co-leader of Titans East along with Bumblebee.
Flash (Bart Allen): Works with Titans West as an agent for Titans East.
Ravager (Rose Wilson): Daughter of Deathstroke.
Terra (Tara Markov): Geo-elemental
Deathstroke's Titans
Deathstroke created a group that he called "Titans East" specifically to take down the Teen Titans.
At the conclusion of the arc, Deathstroke mused to himself that he only created the Titans East to drive his own children, current Teen Titan members Ravager and Jericho, into staying with the Teen Titans. Deathstroke believed that since he could not be a proper father to them, he would manipulate them into fully accepting the Titans as their family, thus fulfilling his twisted sense of being a good father in the end. This version of characters disbanded after the storyline ended:
Batgirl (Cassandra Cain): The new leader of the League of Assassins, and more importantly, the only fighter to completely dominate Ravager. Deathstroke believes that Batgirl's skills and past with Robin and the other Gotham Knights will give them an edge against the Boy Wonder. It has been revealed that Deathstroke is using the same serum he used on Rose on Cassandra. Given an antiserum, she allies with Robin and the Titans before disappearing.
Bombshell: Sent by Deathstroke to spy on the Titans and get a disc containing the soul of his son, Jericho. After the Titans discovered she was a traitor and put her in prison, Cyborg and Miss Martian went to interrogate her. When Bombshell refused to say anything, Miss Martian tried reading her mind and discovered she was a member of Titans East. Before she could learn anything else, Risk broke in and Batgirl slit her throat.
Duela Dent (also known as the Joker's Daughter): Completely insane, but also a former Titan. Deathstroke believes dealing with her insanity is worth the information Duela has. She had joined Robin's Titans team when Raven offered her membership in exchange for aid against the Titans East.
Enigma: A late add-on to the team and was not mentioned until the solicit for Teen Titans vol. 3, #43, was released. Originally referred to as Riddler's Daughter, future solicits for Teen Titans refer to her as Enigma.
Inertia: A genetic clone of former Titan Bart Allen. Inertia was once a natural speedster, but lost his ability when the Speed Force was isolated in Bart, and now relies on a speed-inducing chemical created by Deathstroke, who feels a speedster will be very useful.
Kid Crusader: A "demon hunter" and the only person Deathstroke could find who has both heard of Kid Devil and wants to eliminate him. Originally, the character was named "Choir Boy", as stated by Dan Didio in DC Nation, while a solicitation for Teen Titans #43 referred to the character by the name of "Alter Boy".
Match: Clone of Superboy. While his Superman-level strength is a bonus for the team, Deathstroke thinks Match also gives the team a psychological advantage. Deathstroke is counting on his appearance to throw Wonder Girl, the Titans' most physically powerful member, off balance, as she was Superboy's girlfriend. Match's outfit is altered to resemble Superboy's last costume before his death, although he has come to look more like a Bizarro duplicate of him, complete with a reverse "S" shield on his black T-shirt. It also appears that his intellect, like his body, is rotting away.
Risk: Lost an arm fighting with the Titans against Superman-Prime and is "furious at the world" over it. Deathstroke believes he can manipulate Risk and thinks the Titans will hesitate in battle out of guilt.
Sun Girl (Deborah Morgna): She can harnesses the power of the sun. She is also a master manipulator, much like the original Terra. Later joined Superboy-Prime's Legion of Doom.
Titans East Special
In November 2007, DC released a one-shot special called Titans East Special, written by Judd Winick with art by Ian Churchill and Norm Rapmund. In the special, Cyborg was assembling a group of young heroes to train as the new "Titans East". These members included:
Anima
Hawk and Dove
Lagoon Boy
Little Barda
Power Boy - a native of Apokolips.
Son of Vulcan
However, during an early training mission they were attacked and seriously injured or killed by an unknown assailant. In Titans (vol. 2) #1, it was revealed that all but Power Boy survived. Anima, Son of Vulcan, and Lagoon Boy are comatose; Little Barda is in critical condition; Cyborg is unconscious, but in stable condition; and Hawk and Dove are in stable condition. The source of the attack is believed to be the demon Trigon, a former Titans foe. Cyborg later wakes up, but, waiting for new replacement limbs, is left strapped to a hoverchair. In such diminished form, he disbands the Titans East to join the new Titans group upon discovering that Trigon's offspring may be responsible for the events.
In other media
Titans East appears in Teen Titans, led by Bumblebee and consisting of Aqualad, Speedy, and Más y Menos. This version of the group serves as a sister group to the original Teen Titans, are based in their own version of Titans Tower, and was formed by Cyborg to investigate Brother Blood's activities in Steel City.
References
External links
DCU: One Year Greater Panel
2005 in comics
Comics characters introduced in 2005
DC Comics superhero teams
DC Comics supervillain teams
Characters created by Geoff Johns
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titans%20East
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Hans Schemm (6 October 1891 – 5 March 1935) was an educator who became a prominent Nazi Party official. He served as Gauleiter of Gau Bayreuth and Bavarian State Minister for Education and Culture until his death in an airplane accident.
Early life
Schemm, whose parents ran a shoemaker's shop, was born in Bayreuth. He attended volksschule for five years and then a teacher training preparatory school. From 1908 to 1910 he attended the Royal Bavarian Teachers' Seminar, a teachers' college in Altdorf bei Nürnberg. He taught school beginning in 1910, first in Wülfersreuth, then as of 1911 in Neufang. In 1915 he got married; in 1917 a son was born. When the First World War broke out, Schemm was drafted and served as a medical attendant at a military epidemic hospital in Bayreuth. There he became infected with tuberculosis and, consequently, was discharged from military service on 26 August 1916. He returned to his teaching job in Neufang. In 1919 he was a member of the Freikorps Bayreuth, which took part in the suppression of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic in Munich. On the basis of his background in bio-chemistry, Schemm became head of a bacteriological-chemical laboratory (Sanitorium Hubertusbad) in Thale. After it closed in 1921 for financial reasons, Schemm returned to the classroom as a volkschule teacher at the Altstadtschule ("Old Town School") in Bayreuth, which after his death was named the Hans-Schemm-Schule.
Nazi Party career
Schemm had joined the Nazi Party in 1922. On 30 September 1923 he first met Adolf Hitler. When the Party was banned in the wake of the Beer Hall Putsch, Schemm, with Hitler's blessing, became First Assessor in the Bayreuth Völkischer Bund in 1924 and, when it disbanded, joined the National Socialist Freedom Movement. When the Nazi Party was re-established in 1925, Schemm immediately rejoined it on 27 February (membership number 29,313) and organized the Bayreuth Ortsgruppe (Local Group) becoming its Ortsgruppenleiter, a post he would retain until his death.In May 1927 he advanced to Bezirksleiter (District Leader) in Upper Franconia. A gifter speaker, he became an effective propagandist and served as a Reichsredner (national orator).
On 20 May 1928, Schemm was elected a member of the Bavarian Landtag, serving until September 1930. On 1 October 1928 when Julius Streicher’s large Gau of Northern Bavaria (Nordbayern) was broken up, Schemm became the Gauleiter of the newly established Gau of Upper Franconia (Oberfranken). On 24 November 1928, Schemm co-founded the National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB) in Hof and was elected its leader ("Reichswalter") on 21 April 1929.
Schemm also took on the role of Nazi Party publicist. Between 1928 and 1929 he was the editor of several Nazi newspapers (Der Streiter, Weckruf and Nationale Zeitung). In August 1929, Schemm founded his own newspaper, the Nationalsozialistische Lehrerzeitung ("National Socialist Teachers' Newspaper"), that became the journalistic organ of the NSLB. On 1 October 1930 came the first edition of the weekly newspaper Kampf für deutsche Freiheit und Kultur ("Struggle for German Freedom and Culture"), which was published by Schemm, and whose circulation rose from 3,000 in the beginning to 20,000 by 1932. In July 1931, Schemm founded the Bayreuth National Socialist Cultural Publishing House (Nationalsozialistischer Kulturverlag Bayreuth), which beginning on 1 October 1932 published the daily newspaper Das Fränkische Volk (circulation: 10,000).
On 8 December 1929 Schemm became a member of the Bayreuth Stadrat (City Council) and chairman of its Nazi faction. In September 1930, he was elected a member of the German national parliament, the Reichstag, from electoral constituency 26, Franconia. On 19 January 1933, the Gau of Upper Franconia, led by Schemm, was merged with the Gau of Lower Bavaria-Upper Palatinate (Niederbayern-Oberpfalz) to form the Gau Bavarian Eastern March. Schemm became the Gauleiter of the enlarged Gau.
On 10 March 1933, when the Nazis seized control of the Bavarian state government, Schemm was made the Staatskommissar (State Commissioner) in charge of education and culture, and also was appointed one of the state's representatives to the Reichsrat until its abolition on 14 February 1934. On 16 March 1933, the Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of Bavaria, Franz Ritter von Epp, appointed Schemm as the Acting State Minister for Education and Culture. On 12 April he was made permanent minister and "Leader of Cultural and Educational Affairs of Bavaria" in the cabinet of Minister-President Ludwig Siebert. At the same time, he officially left school service. In October 1933, Schemm became a member of the Academy for German Law. He was a holder of the Golden Party Badge and was also granted honorary citizenship of Bayreuth. On 17 November 1933, he became head of the Office for the NSLB within the leadership of the Nazi Party. On 1 April 1934, Schemm was named head (Hauptamtsleiter) of the Main Office for Education at the Brown House, the national headquarters of the NSDAP.
Schemm has been described as "perhaps the most skilled and dynamic of Franconia's Nazi leaders." However, his political positions were clearly antidemocratic, anti-Semitic and anti-Communist, as can be seen in some of his quotations:
"We are not objective – we are German!"
" ... that a Jew should dangle from every lamppost."
In April 1933, when Schemm arrived in Passau to attend the laying of the corner stone for the Hall of the Nibelungs, he addressed the masses. Passau honored Schemm by dedicating a street and a school to him.
Death
On 5 March 1935 Schemm was seriously injured in an aircraft crash. Although Hitler personally ordered noted surgeon Professor Ferdinand Sauerbruch to fly to Bayreuth, Schemm succumbed to his injuries that same day before the professor's arrival. He was succeeded by his Deputy, Ludwig Ruckdeschel, as Acting Gauleiter until Fritz Wächtler was appointed the permanent replacement on 5 December. He was given a lavish state funeral, attended by Hitler and most Party and State dignitaries. One observer noted:
[It] was the biggest Bayreuth had ever seen and far more ostentatious than Richard Wagner's. When all the guests had taken their places, for the funeral ceremony, Hitler arrived unexpectedly, and walked silently between the ranks of the raised arms. ... Hess delivered the main funeral oration, followed by Goebbels, Frick, Frank, Rosenberg, Himmler and many others. The ceremony concluded with the funeral march from the Twilight of the Gods.
The Nazis posthumously honored Schemm as a publicist and educator by naming multiple schools, streets, and halls after him.
Works
Der rote Krieg. Mutter oder Genossin, 1931
Gott, Rasse und Kultur, 1933
Unsere Religion heisst Christus, unsere Politik heisst Deutschland!, 1933
References
External links
1891 births
1935 deaths
Christian fascists
Gauleiters
German Army personnel of World War I
German newspaper editors
German Protestants
German schoolteachers
Members of the Academy for German Law
Members of the Landtag of Bavaria
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Militant League for German Culture members
Ministers of the Bavaria State Government
National Socialist Freedom Movement politicians
Nazi Party politicians
Nazi propagandists
People from Bayreuth
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
20th-century Freikorps personnel
20th-century German newspaper publishers (people)
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Germany
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Schemm
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Belmond Le Manoir aux Quat' Saisons ("Four Seasons Manor", a.k.a. Le Manoir) is a luxury hotel-restaurant in the village of Great Milton near Oxford, in Oxfordshire, England. It is situated in a 15th-century manor house, near a church that was visited by Oliver Cromwell, In March 2014 the company owning the restaurant introduced a new brand name, Belmond and the hotel changed its name to "Belmond Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons". In December 2018 Belmond was acquired by LVMH.
Description
The restaurant has two Michelin stars, as well as scoring 9/10 in the Good Food Guide It is capable of serving 260 guests per day It is owned by LVMH (since acquiring Belmond Ltd in December 2018) and run by the leading French chef Raymond Blanc. The executive chef is Luke Selby, having replaced Gary Jones who left the role in November 2022, after over 20 years. The head pastry chef is Benoit Blin. The gardens are used to grow fresh food for the restaurant. A helipad is available for clients.
The restaurant was used as a filming location in the BBC 2 television programme The Restaurant, where it has been used for challenges as well as Raymond Blanc's "room of truth".
The restaurant kitchen has trained 34 Michelin starred chefs. Its basic training programs for its chefs lasts approximately 2.5 years, with each chef spending 6 months on each "section" in the kitchen. Chefs who stay longer than the initial 2.5 years of training go on to learn the management side of the business.
Chefs trained at Le Manoir
Many notable chefs and restaurateurs were mentored by or worked for Raymond Blanc at Le Manoir, including:
John Burton-Race
Heston Blumenthal
Michael Caines
Elisha Carter
Éric Chavot
William Curley
JJ Goodman
David Goodridge
Paul Heathcote
Paul Liebrandt
David Moore
Marco Pierre White
James Knight-Pacheco
Reception
Restaurant critic Jay Rayner visited Le Manoir for the first time in 2013. Whilst he described it as possibly the most expensive restaurant in Britain, he praised the set up including the kitchen garden. Regarding the food, he praised a "pitch-perfect" beetroot terrine, which was served with a horseradish sorbet quenelle. He wondered at the skill involved in creating a dessert of poached meringue and fried apricots inside a globe of nougatine. He said that while he couldn't justify or excuse the expense, the meal was fabulous.
Public transport
Since June 2022, Le Manoir has subsidised a bus service between Great Milton and central Oxford. Oxford Bus Company route 46 links the village with central Oxford via Wheatley, Horspath and Cowley. Buses run hourly, seven days a week, from early morning until after midnight.
References
External links
Official website
1984 establishments in England
Hotels in Oxfordshire
Belmond hotels
Restaurants in Oxfordshire
Michelin Guide starred restaurants in the United Kingdom
Culture in Oxfordshire
French restaurants in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmond%20Le%20Manoir%20aux%20Quat%27Saisons
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Blizzard of 1978 may refer to:
Great Blizzard of 1978, a historic winter storm that struck the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions of the United States and Southern Ontario in Canada from Wednesday, January 25 through Friday, January 27, 1978
Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978, a catastrophic, historic nor'easter that struck New England, New Jersey, and the New York metropolitan area
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard%20of%201978
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The Cast of Beatlemania is a U.S. Beatles' tribute band formed in 1980. The Cast is one of longest running Beatles' tribute band in the world. The group features founder Lenie Colacino, a former cast member of the 1977 Broadway hit musical Beatlemania. The group has performed in all contiguous U.S. states, and over twenty foreign countries, including Canada, England, Mexico, Central and South America, Brazil and Japan.
The Cast recreates the sights and sounds of The Beatles from an era of the 1960s when the world was engulfed in the throes of Beatlemania. Three different costumes coincide with the changing music and times during their existence.
History
The Cast was individually selected from hundreds of musicians who auditioned from all over the U.S. for the Broadway show, Beatlemania.
The Cast originally started when the members of the ending Broadway show were let go as the show came to a conclusion in late 1979. Those four members (Lenie Colacino, Richie Gomez, Mike Palaikis and Bob Forte) started The Cast and the same group name has been in existence since the early 1980s.
This current incarnation of the show is the most popular version since inception, having retained the same members for the longest period of time.
Concept
Members
The current members are:
Carlo Cantamessa (as John Lennon) — rhythm guitar, bass guitar, piano, lead vocal
The manager of the band.
Lenie Colacino (as Paul McCartney) — bass guitar, piano, lead vocal
Founder of The Cast and the first left-handed member of the original Broadway production of Beatlemania
Voices of the “Beetles” on the Nickelodeon's Wonder Pets
Monroe Quinn (as George Harrison) — lead guitar, lead vocal
Previously has performed with Billy Preston, Micky Dolenz of The Monkees, Peter Noone of Herman’s Hermits, Neil Innes, Joey Mallond of Badfinger, and Denny Laine from Wings and The Moody Blues.
John Delgado (as Ringo Starr) — drums, percussion, lead vocal
Larry Hochman — keyboards, musical director, arranger
Songs
Act I
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
"Yesterday"
"I Saw Her Standing There"
"Act Naturally"
"This Boy"
"Lose That Girl"
"From Me to You"
"Help!"
"Please Please Me"
"In My Life"
"All My Loving"
"Nowhere Man"
"A Hard Days Night"
"I Feel Fine"
"Happy Just to Dance"
"Day Tripper"
"I Call Your Name"
"Twist & Shout"
Act II
"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"
"Back in USSR"
"With a Little Help From My Friends"
"Birthday"
"Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds"
"Something"
"Strawberry Fields Forever"
"Penny Lane"
"I Am the Walrus"
"Lady Madonna"
"Taxman"
"Hey Jude"
"While my Guitar Gently Weeps"
"Here Comes the Sun"
"Got to Get You into My Life"
"Get Back"
"Come Together"
"Revolution"
See also
Beatlemania
External links
Moptops.com - Official CAST website (Flash and JavaScript required)
Positive user ratings of the show at BeatleLinks
The Cast Facebook
The Beatles tribute bands
Musicals based on songs by the Beatles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cast%20of%20Beatlemania
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The Five Dollar Smile and Other Stories is a short story collection by Indian politician Shashi Tharoor, published in 1990 by Viking Press. The stories collected were written in the author's late teens and initially published in various magazines and newspapers including JS, The Illustrated Weekly of India, Eve's Weekly, Youth Times, Gentleman, The New Review and Cosmopolitan.
List of Stories
"The Five-Dollar Smile"
"The Boutique"
"How Bobby Chatterjee Turned to Drink"
"Village Girl, City Girl: A Duet"
"The Temple Thief"
"The Simple Man"
"The Professor's Daughter"
"Friends"
"The Pyre"
"The Political Murder"
"The Other Man"
"Auntie Rita"
"The Solitude of the Short-Story Writer"
"The Death of a Schoolmaster"
1990 short story collections
Indian short story collections
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Five%20Dollar%20Smile%20and%20Other%20Stories
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The KBS Cup is a South Korean Go competition.
Outline
The KBS Cup is sponsored by KBS. From 1980 to 2003, the tournament was named the KBS Baduk Wang, but was recently renamed to the KBS Cup. The main tournament consists of 16 players who compete in a knockout tournament. There is a winner's and a loser's round to decide the challenger. The thinking time is 5 minutes with byo-yomi.
Formerly, the final was a best-of-3 match. In 2023, the final match was a single game.
It is broadcast live by KBS 1TV.
Past winners
Final Results
References
External links
Korea Baduk Association (in Korean)
Sensei's Library page
Igo Kisen's recent years full results
Go competitions in South Korea
Korean Broadcasting System
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBS%20Cup
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Susan Williams-Ellis (6 June 1918 – 26 November 2007) was a British pottery designer, who was best known for co-founding Portmeirion Pottery. She was the eldest daughter of Sir Clough Williams-Ellis.
Background
Williams-Ellis was born in Guildford, Surrey, England, in the house of artist and critic Roger Fry. Her father, Sir Clough, was an eminent architect; Williams-Ellis' mother was writer Amabel Strachey, cousin of author and Bloomsbury figure Lytton Strachey. Her parents were friends of other members of the Bloomsbury Group, including Augustus John and Virginia Woolf. Williams-Ellis' godfather was Rudyard Kipling.
She was determined to be an artist from an early age. In the 1930s, Susan studied ceramics with Bernard and David Leach while she was at Dartington Hall School. At Chelsea School of Art, during the 1940s, her tutors included Graham Sutherland for painting and Henry Moore for sculpture, who helped to develop Susan's innate feeling for three-dimensional shape and form.
Career
Williams-Ellis studied Fine Art at Chelsea Polytechnic, where her tutors included Henry Moore and Graham Sutherland.
In 1948, Susan and her husband Euan moved to Wales, following their marriage in 1945, and became self-sufficient. She earned some money from book illustration and design work, while Euan produced a pamphlet, Towards Equality, for the Fabian Society.
However, the lure of Clough's architectural vision was strong. In 1953, the management of the souvenir shop in the Welsh village of Portmeirion, created by Susan's father, fell to Susan and Euan. Despite the unique architectural status of the village, the shop was operating at a loss. By 1961, the shop had grown enormously; Susan and Euan were managers of the village; and a second Portmeirion shop had opened in one of London's smartest shopping areas, Pont Street. Working on Sir Clough's principle that "good design is good business", the couple transformed two broken-down potteries in Stoke-on-Trent into one of the country's most affluent pottery companies, Portmeirion Pottery. In an era when the idea of the "working woman" was an anathema, the entrepreneurial success of Susan Williams-Ellis, as a designer and a businesswoman (as well as wife and mother), was unusual.
Portmeirion was one of the first retail companies to fully understand and exploit the "lifestyle" consumer, creating a wide range of products including casual tableware, housewares and gifts for both women and men. The 1970s saw the birth of what is considered by many to be signature range of Portmeirion: Botanic Garden. It was based on illustration plates discovered by Susan in an antique natural history book she found at an antiquarian bookseller's in London: Weldon & Wesley. Susan was looking for eighteenth-century engravings of sea creatures to use in a pottery decoration. She bought some French encyclopaedias and, as she was leaving, the bookseller showed her a brightly hand-coloured 'herbal' book of 1817, illustrated with a large selection of plants and flowers. The book, by Thomas Green, was called The Universal -or -Botanical, Medical and Agricultural Dictionary.
Botanic Garden has proven to be the company's most successful range of tableware, despite buyers' reluctance at the beginning. Susan Williams-Ellis recounted:
I remember when we first launched Botanic Garden. At that time you might have had dessert sets which had different patterns on each plate, but for the traditional tableware setting, everything had to match. I thought "Why can't we have different patterns all within one collection? So, I created Botanic Garden!" The department store buyers in 1972 said that no-one would stock it as there were too many designs and that no-one would want to buy it as it didn't match. I think I proved them all wrong!
Even in her eighties, Williams-Ellis' desire to continue to design the best tableware and ceramics led her to keep closely involved with the latest generation of Portmeirion designs, introducing Portmeirion to new audiences all over the world. Until 2006, she was still travelling the world, finding inspiration from ancient civilisations and underwater worlds for her art work.
Susan created a large number of paintings and pastel drawings of tropical fish during her lifetime. An avid scuba-diver, she devised a technique of sketching fish and corals from life under the water by using tracing paper and marking crayons. She would paint the final works when back in her studio. They are in the coffee-table art book Magic Gardens and can be seen in Susan's granddaughter, Rose Fulbright-Vickers', print design for the Tropical collection.
In 2005, she received an honorary fellowship from the Rector of London's University of Arts, Sir Michael Bichard, and University Registrar, Susan Asser. Susan Williams-Ellis said:
I was very flattered when I found out that I was to receive an honorary fellowship from University of Arts, London, and even more so when the Rector agreed to come all the way to see me at Portmeirion in North Wales to re-create the ceremony that will be held in my absence in London later this month. I decided to pursue pottery, rather than painting, mainly because I wanted to create affordable and beautiful things. I wanted people to buy my work purely because they liked it, and that it had a function, rather than buying things just as an investment, so its ironic I suppose that my work from the 60s is now considered so "collectable" I am frightfully lucky. When I went to Chelsea before the War, I studied under the sculptor Henry Moore and the painter Graham Sutherland. Twice a week I would be in a class with these icons of modern British art – what a wonderful chance to have, and now I am being given an honorary fellowship from University of Arts, London of which Chelsea forms part, its all come rather full circle hasn’t it? Being in Stoke has also been a wonderful part of my life. The people of Stoke are really the nicest people one could ever meet, and their hard work has established Portmeirion and enabled us to sell our pots around the world. I have been very fortunate.
Personal life
On 13 March 1944, her brother, Christopher (1923–1944), fell in action before Monte Cassino as a lieutenant in the Welsh Guards. He had joined up straight from King's College, Cambridge. His friend at Cambridge was Euan Cooper-Willis, who later married Susan. The couple had four children: daughters Anwyl, Siân, and Menna Angharad; and son Robin Llywelyn. Anwyl and Menna are artists who had a close involvement with Portmeirion Pottery; Siân is a peace activist; Robin is a Welsh language author.
Her father wrote in his autobiography, Architect Errant, about his feelings:
His [Clough's son Christopher's] roommate in the Gibbs building there, Euan Cooper-Willis, subsequently married our elder daughter Susan. The armistice was thus a time of both pleasure and of almost unbearable pain. We soon had grandchildren to add to the pleasure. We decided that since we, Christopher's parents, were alive, we should try to be so properly, and to keep the wound to ourselves.
Death
Susan Williams-Ellis died on 26 November 2007 in her sleep, aged 89.
References
External links
Portmeirion Pottery company website
Portmeirion Village: article on pottery
Obituary in The Times, 10 December 2007
Radio 4 Woman's Hour Interview
1918 births
2007 deaths
Dinnerware designers
English potters
People from Stoke-on-Trent
Artists from Guildford
People educated at Dartington Hall School
Women potters
20th-century ceramists
British women ceramicists
20th-century English businesspeople
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Williams-Ellis
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Caerlanrig - also spelled 'Carlenrig' - (Gaelic: Cathair Lannraig) is a hamlet in the parish of Cavers, Borders, Scotland, lying on the River Teviot, 6 miles (10 km) north east of that river's source, and 10 miles (16 km) south west of Hawick.
Etymology
The first element of the name is probably the extinct Cumbric cair 'fortification', though Gaelic cathair has been suggested. The second element is generally taken as Cumbric lanerx, meaning 'clearing' (cf. Welsh llanerch). Another suggestion is that the name is Cumbric cair + Old English lang 'long' and hrycg 'ridge'.
Border reiver
It is best known for being the site where John Armstrong of Gilnockie, notorious member of Clan Armstrong and brother of Thomas, Laird of Mangerton was captured and hanged by King James V for being a reiver. The king's household book records that James V was at Caerlanrig on Tuesday 5 July 1530.
See also
List of places in the Scottish Borders
List of places in Scotland
References
External links
RCAHMS record for Caerlanrig
RCAHMS record for Caerlanrig, Watch Knowe
Gazetteer for Scotland: Caerlanrig
Photographs of 'A tour of the Armstrong Borderland', including Gilnockie's gravemarker
Other map sources:
Villages in the Scottish Borders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerlanrig
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Hedges Eyre Chatterton (5 July 1819 – 30 August 1910) was an Irish Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom Parliament and subsequently Vice-Chancellor of Ireland.
Biography
He was born in Cork, the eldest son of Abraham Chatterton, a solicitor, and Jane Tisdall of Kenmare. He attended Trinity College Dublin, before being called to the Irish Bar in 1843. He became a Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1858. Chatterton was Solicitor General for Ireland 1866–1867 and Attorney General for Ireland in 1867. He was made a member of the Privy Council of Ireland on 30 March 1867. He was elected MP for Dublin University in 1867. Chatterton left the House of Commons on his appointment to the newly created judicial office of Vice-Chancellor of Ireland in 1867, an office which was abolished when he retired in 1904.
He married firstly Mary Halloran of Cloyne in 1845; she died in 1901. In the year of his retirement, he remarried Florence Henrietta Gore, widow of Edward Croker. He had no children. James Joyce remarks in Ulysses that his second marriage at the age of 85 infuriated his nephew, who had been waiting patiently for years to inherit his money.
Reputation
Despite his many years of service on the Bench, Chatterton does not seem to have been highly regarded as a judge. On his retirement the Bar paid tribute to his good qualities but added several qualifications: "there might have been on the Bench lawyers more profound, reasoners more acute..." In his first decade on the Bench he had to endure the continual denigration of Jonathan Christian, the Lord Justice of Appeal in Chancery. Christian was notoriously bitter-tongued, and while he despised most of his colleagues, he seems to have had a particular dislike of Chatterton. He regularly voted on appeal to overturn his judgments, and frequently added personal insults. Nor did he confine his attacks to the courtroom: there was controversy in 1870 when remarks of Christian that Chatterton was "lazy, stupid, conceited and so incompetent that he ought to be pensioned off" found their way into the Irish Times. The hint about pensioning off Chatterton was not taken up, no doubt because he enjoyed the confidence of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Thomas O'Hagan, 1st Baron O'Hagan, who was also on bad terms with Christian. In an appeal from Chatterton in 1873 the two appeal judges clashed publicly, with O'Hagan reprimanding Christian for insulting a judge who was not there to defend himself.
Renaming Sackville Street
Chatterton became involved in controversy in 1885, over the first attempt to rename Sackville Street as O'Connell Street. Dublin Corporation voted for the name change, but it aroused considerable objections from local residents, one of whom sought an injunction. Chatterton granted the injunction on the ground that the corporation had exceeded its statutory powers; rather unwisely, he also attacked the merits of the decision, accusing the Corporation of "sentimental notions". The corporation was angered by both the decision and the criticisms: while it may have been a coincidence, the fact that Temple Street was briefly renamed Chatterton Street was interpreted by some as an insult to the judge, since the street was much frequented by prostitutes. The controversy was short-lived: the corporation was granted the necessary statutory powers in 1890, and the new name became official in 1924, by which time it had gained popular acceptance.
References
Who's Who of British members of parliament: Vol. I 1832–1885, edited by Michael Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
External links
1819 births
1910 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Politicians from County Cork
Irish Conservative Party MPs
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Solicitors-General for Ireland
Attorneys-General for Ireland
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dublin University
UK MPs 1865–1868
19th-century Irish judges
Irish Queen's Counsel
19th-century King's Counsel
Lawyers from County Cork
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedges%20Eyre%20Chatterton
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TNT Sunday Night Football also known as NFL on TNT was the name for the series of National Football League (NFL) broadcasts on Sundays produced by Turner Sports for Turner Network Television (TNT).
TNT aired NFL games on Sunday nights from 1990 to 1997 and served as one of the league's two cable television partners during that time with ESPN.
History
Sunday night games (1990–1997)
TNT's contract with the NFL coincided with the expansion of the league's Sunday night scheduling to encompass the entire season, as opposed to the occasional matchups the league scheduled beginning in 1987. The contract in force at the time split the Sunday night telecasts between TNT and ESPN, who had originally had the rights to the Sunday night slate of games when they were limited to late season matchups. TNT carried Sunday night games for the first half of the NFL season, with ESPN taking over afterwards. TNT would also air any Thursday night NFL matchups that were scheduled during the first half of the season, with ESPN taking any in the second half.
As has always been the case for cable NFL broadcasts, TNT did not have exclusive rights to the broadcasts. As such, any game airing on TNT was simulcast on regular over-the-air television stations in each participating team's local market so that households without cable television could still see the telecasts.
ESPN anchor Chris Berman referred to TNT's football programming by its original "Nitro" brand, even after TNT abandoned that moniker. (This is not to be confused with the professional wrestling show called WCW Monday Nitro.)
It does not appear that TNT's coverage ever used the title Sunday Night Football, and indeed ESPN filed for a trademark on that title in 1996 (the trademark was later assigned to the NFL, allowing for its eventual use by NBC).
The last game was aired on October 26, 1997. Fittingly, one of the teams involved was the Atlanta Falcons, based in the home city of Turner Broadcasting - Atlanta, Georgia (they played at their division rivals, the Carolina Panthers, located up Interstate 85 in Charlotte, North Carolina). Unlike the Braves, Hawks and Thrashers, however, Turner never owned the Falcons at any point in time (due to NFL ownership rules).
Schedules
Studio shows
The network had a one-hour studio pregame show, titled The Stadium Show, from 1990 to 1994. In 1995, this was reduced to a half-hour and retitled Pro Football Tonight, running through 1997. Fred Hickman was one of the studio hosts during this time, and Mark May (now of ESPN) was one of the studio analysts before moving to the booth for the final season.
Fantasy Football legacy
The Sunday night TNT halftime show was the first major network NFL broadcast to utilize a player statistics "crawl" at the bottom of the screen. With Fantasy Football in its early stages of popularity, and the internet not being readily available to the general public, this was the only way for most fans to get updated Sunday player stats without waiting until the 11:00 PM or midnight sports highlight shows on CNN and ESPN. However, in the second half of the NFL season when ESPN would broadcast Sunday night games, Fantasy Football fans would be disappointed since ESPN did not provide the same detailed crawl during their halftime show.
Super Bowl Television
In addition to the Sunday night games, TNT also presented an annual special, Super Bowl Television. The program, which aired on Friday and Saturday night, mixed a preview of that season's game with entertainment segments. Ernie Johnson hosted the show from the Super Bowl host city.
The end of TNT's coverage
TNT lost their rights to the NFL following the 1997 season after ESPN chose to bid on the entire regular season package beginning in 1998. In the wake of the loss of NFL rights, TNT began negotiations with NBC Sports to start a new football league; TNT eventually backed out of the proposal. (NBC's proposed league eventually became the XFL.) TNT would not air professional football again until signing on as a broadcast partner with the Alliance of American Football (AAF) in 2019.
Personalities
In the booth
Play-by-play
Skip Caray (1990–1991)
Gary Bender (1992–1994)
Verne Lundquist (1995–1997)
Color commentary
Pat Haden (1990–1997)
Mark May (1997)
Sideline reporters
Craig Sager (1990–1997)
Bryan Burwell (1997)
Studio
Hosts
Fred Hickman (1990–1992)
Bob Neal (1993–1994)
Vince Cellini (1995–1997)
Analysts
Larry King (1990)
Kevin Kiley (1990–1994)
Lawrence Taylor (1994)
Mark May (1995–1996)
Warren Moon (1995)
Randall Cunningham (1996)
Keith Jackson (1997)
Sean Jones (1997)
References
External links
1997 NFL on TNT Schedule
CNN/SI story regarding B.Smith fainting incident (bottom of page)
1990 American television series debuts
Sunday Night Football
Night Football
1997 American television series endings
Turner Sports
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT%20Sunday%20Night%20Football
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This is a list of newspapers in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Weekly
The News
The Vincentian
Searchlight
Daily
The Herald
Other
SVG Express
The VincyView
See also
Lists of newspapers
References
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Newspapers
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Saint%20Vincent%20and%20the%20Grenadines
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Chaotic Neutral may refer to:
Chaotic neutral, a categorization of characters in Dungeons & Dragons
Chaotic Neutral (album), an album by Matthew Good
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaotic%20Neutral
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Jennifer Elaine Kaiser (born January 6, 1980) is an American artist, model, trainer, and retired professional wrestler. She is best known for her time with Ohio Valley Wrestling under the ring name Sosay (pronounced So-Say).
Early life
Growing up in Southwest Michigan, Kaiser lived with her parents and four brothers on an old working farm along with multiple cats, dogs and horses. After graduating from high school, Kaiser began studying at both Michigan State University and Loyola University of Chicago before graduating with degrees in pre-law and studio art. While studying at Loyola, Kaiser began training to become a professional wrestler.
Professional wrestling career
Debut
Kaiser made her professional wrestling debut in April 2003 and began competing for Windy City Pro Wrestling. While in WCPW, she would defeat Sandra D to win the Ladies Championship before later vacating the title to further her art and personal training careers.
Ohio Valley Wrestling (2003–2007, 2013)
Following her stint in Windy City Pro Wrestling, Kaiser moved to Louisville, Kentucky, before the end of 2003 and joined Ohio Valley Wrestling. She debuted for the promotion under the name ring name Sosay, where she became a member of Kenny Bolin's stable Bolin Services and became the "personal secretary" and later the storyline girlfriend of Ken Doane. Soon after debuting, Sosay began feuding with Maria, which culminated in a match on October 29 that ended in a no contest. Following this, Sosay would later have brief feuds with Trinity and Shelly Martinez.
When Doane debuted on World Wrestling Entertainment's main roster, Sosay soon became the "publicist" for Jack Bull, who began using a stuntman gimmick. The two later engaged in a feud with Joey Mercury, which saw Bull losing to Mercury on November 5. Bull then challenged Mercury to a drinking contest, which Bull won. On November 29, Bull attempted an escape stunt involving chains, but was soon struck with a chair by Mercury before he performed a double underhook DDT on Sosay, injuring her in storyline. On December 20, Bull, without Sosay, defeated Mercury in a grudge match. Sosay later returned to OVW on January 13, 2007, and resumed her role as Bull's publicist as he took part in a "test of strength" against Charles Evans and Justin LaRouche. However, both Evans and LaRouche attacked Bull and then attempted to attack Sosay until Idol Stevens saved her. On January 17, Evans and LaRouche defeated Bull and Atlas DaBone in a tag team match with Sosay at ringside. However, Sosay's association with Bull was ended only two days later when he was released from his developmental contract. After competing in a few Miss OVW contests, Sosay wrestled what would be the final match in her full-time active wrestling career, as she teamed with Beth Phoenix and Katie Lea in a winning effort to Serena, Victoria Crawford and Maryse in a six-woman tag team dark match on April 25, 2007.
After a six-year hiatus from professional wrestling, Sosay made a one-time return to OVW on April 13, 2013, where she was defeated by Jessie Belle in a dark match.
Retirement (2013)
Soon after her one-time return to OVW, Sosay wrestled at 6 Corners BBQ Fest in Chicago for Pro Wrestling Experience on June 15, 2013, where she teamed with Tony Atlas to defeat Melanie Cruise and Robo De Luna in a mixed tag team match. Following this, Kaiser retired from professional wrestling to focus on her art and personal training careers.
Championships and accomplishments
Windy City Pro Wrestling
WCPW Ladies Championship (1 time)
References
External links
Sosay's fitness website
1980 births
American actresses
American artists
American female models
American female professional wrestlers
Living people
Loyola University Chicago alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Professional wrestlers from Michigan
Professional wrestling managers and valets
21st-century American women
21st-century female professional wrestlers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosay
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Since 1959, the Oscar Mathisen Award (also known as the Oscar Mathisen Memorial Award, the Oscar Mathisen Memorial Trophy, and sometimes the Skating Oscar) is awarded annually for outstanding speed skating performance of the season. The award was introduced by Oslo Skøiteklub (Oslo Skating Club, OSK) to commemorate the legendary Norwegian speed skater Oscar Mathisen (1888–1954).
Until 1967, speed skaters could not win the award more than once and until 1987, women were not eligible to win the award.
The winner is awarded a miniature of the statue of Oscar Mathisen created by the sculptor Arne Durban. The statue is placed outside Frogner Stadium in Oslo, the venue of many of Oscar Mathisen's most memorable victories.
References
Oscar Winners at Skateresults
Speed skating awards
Awards established in 1959
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar%20Mathisen%20Award
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Portmeirion is a British pottery company based in Stoke-on-Trent, England. They specialise in earthenware tableware.
History
Portmeirion Pottery began in 1960 when pottery designer Susan Williams-Ellis (daughter of Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, who created the Italian-style Portmeirion Village in North Wales) and her husband, Euan Cooper-Willis, took over a small pottery-decorating company in Stoke-on-Trent called A. E. Gray Ltd, also known as Gray's Pottery. Susan Williams-Ellis had been working with A.E. Gray for some years, commissioning designs to sell at the gift shop in Portmeirion Village, the items bearing the backstamp "Gray's Pottery Portmeirionware". In 1961, the couple purchased a second pottery company, Kirkhams Ltd, that had the capacity to manufacture pottery, and not only decorate it. These two businesses were combined and Portmeirion Potteries Ltd was born.
Susan Williams-Ellis' early Portmeirion designs included Malachite (1960), Moss Agate (1961) and Talisman (1962). In 1963, she created the popular design Totem, an abstract pattern based on primitive forms coupled with a cylindrical shape.
She later created Magic City (1966) and Magic Garden (1970), but arguably Portmeirion's most recognised design is the Botanic Garden range, decorated with a variety of floral illustrations adapted from Thomas Green's Universal or-Botanical, Medical and Agricultural Dictionary (1817), and looking back to a tradition begun by the Chelsea porcelain factory's "botanical" designs of the 1750s. It was launched in 1972 and, with new designs added periodically, is still made today, the most successful ceramics series of botanical subjects. More recent designs have included Sophie Conran's Crazy Daisy and Dawn Chorus.
On 23 April 2009, Portmeirion Potteries Ltd purchased the Royal Worcester and Spode brands, after they had been placed into administration the previous November. Portmeirion Potteries has since changed its company name to Portmeirion Group to reflect this acquisition. The purchase did not include the manufacturing facilities of Royal Worcester or Spode. The manufacture of much of Spode's ware was returned to Britain from the Far East, to the Portmeirion Group's factory in Stoke-on-Trent.
In 2019, the Victoria and Albert Museum mounted an exhibition of Portmeirion pottery.
Gallery
References
Further reading
Jenkins, Stephen, & Mckay, Stephen 2000. Portmeirion Pottery. Richard Dennis. .
External links
Official website
Resource website for Grays Pottery
Portmeirion Pottery Collectors' Website (archive only)
Ceramics manufacturers of England
Welsh pottery
Staffordshire pottery
Companies based in Stoke-on-Trent
Design companies established in 1960
British companies established in 1960
Manufacturing companies established in 1960
1960 establishments in England
Privately held companies of the United Kingdom
pottery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmeirion%20Pottery
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The banded bullfrog (Kaloula pulchra) is a species of frog in the narrow-mouthed frog family Microhylidae. Native to Southeast Asia, it is also known as the Asian painted frog, digging frog, Malaysian bullfrog, common Asian frog, and painted balloon frog. In the pet trade, it is sometimes called the chubby frog. Adults measure and have a dark brown back with stripes that vary from copper-brown to salmon pink.
The banded bullfrog lives at low altitudes and is found in both urban and rural settings, as well as in forest habitats. They bury themselves underground during dry periods and emerge after heavy rainfall to emit calls and breed. They feed primarily on ants and termites; predators of adults and tadpoles include snakes, dragonfly larvae, and snails. When threatened, they inflate their lungs and secrete a noxious white substance. The species is prevalent in the pet trade and is a potential invasive species being introduced in Taiwan, the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Borneo, and Sulawesi.
Taxonomy and etymology
The banded bullfrog was first described in 1831 by the British zoologist John Edward Gray, as Kaloula pulchra (pulchra meaning "beautiful" in Latin). Cantor (1847) described the species under the name Hylaedactylus bivittatus, which was synonymized with K. pulchra by Günther (1858). The subspecies K. p. hainana was described by Gressitt (1938) as having a shorter snout and hind legs compared to the nominate subspecies, K. p. pulchra. A former subspecies in Sri Lanka, originally named K. p. taprobanica by Parker (1934), has since been reclassified as a separate species, Uperodon taprobanicus. Bourret (1942) described a subspecies K. p. macrocephala that is now considered by several authors to be a distinct species, K. macrocephala.
According to Darrel Frost's Amphibian Species of the World, common names for Kaloula pulchra include the Malaysian narrowmouth toad, Asian painted frog, digging frog, painted bullfrog, Malaysian bullfrog, painted burrowing frog, common Asian bullfrog, painted balloon frog, and painted microhylid frog. It is also known as the chubby frog in the pet trade.
Description
The banded bullfrog is medium-sized with a stocky, triangular body and a short snout. Males grow to a snout–vent length (SVL) of and females are slightly larger, reaching an SVL of . Other than the slight difference in length, there is very limited sexual dimorphism. They have a body weight of . The back is dark brown with stripes that vary from copper-brown to salmon pink, and the abdomen is cream-colored.
Tadpoles are about long after hatching and reach an SVL of about at the end of metamorphosis. They have an oval body that is brown or black with a pale belly, a round snout, and a moderately long, tapered tail with yellow speckles and tall fins. The eyes are relatively small and the side of the head, with black or dark gray irises and a golden ring around the pupil. They do not possess any tail filament. During metamorphosis, their eyes increase in size and bulge and they develop slender limbs and digits with rounded tips. The tadpoles metamorphose beginning at two weeks.
Distribution and habitat
The species is native to Southeast Asia. It is common over a range from northeastern India, and Nepal, to southern India and Sri Lanka to southern China (especially Hainan) and Myanmar, and south to the islands of maritime Southeast Asia. Its wide distribution, compared to the related species Kaloula assamensis, has been attributed to its burrowing ability.
The banded bullfrog has been found at elevations between sea level and above sea level. It can occur in both urban and rural settings, and in forest habitats.
As an invasive species
The banded bullfrog is a potential invasive species. It has been introduced through both the pet trade and maritime transport, and has become established in Taiwan, the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Borneo, and Sulawesi. Some specimens have been observed in Australia and New Zealand. Its introduction into the Philippines was likely accidental, via contamination of plant nursery materials or stowaways on ships and boats.
Several species, likely introduced through the pet trade, were observed in Florida in 2006 and 2008; however, as of 2011, the population is under control and there is no evidence of reproduction. The frog was observed at an airport in Perth, Australia, and at a cargo port in New Zealand, but no established invasive population has been found in either country as of 2019.
Behaviour and ecology
Breeding is stimulated by heavy monsoon rains, after which the frogs relocate from underground to rain pools or ponds. They are more commonly found on wetter nights, and while they are not reproductively active during dry periods, their gonads remain ripe so that they can mate soon after rainfall. In India, the male frogs call after the monsoon season begins in April or May. The pulses of the calls recorded in India were 28–56 per second with a frequency range of 50–1760 Hz. In Thailand the dominant frequency was 250 Hz (duration 560–600 ms long) and 18–21 pulses per call.
Their form is suited for walking and burrowing rather than jumping. They are able to survive dry conditions by burying themselves in the ground and waiting for rain; the burrowing also helps them avoid predators. When burrowing they dig their way down hindlimb first and use their forelimbs to push themselves several inches under the soil, where they can remain for the duration of the dry season. Banded bullfrogs hide under leaf litter during the daylight hours and eat in the evening. They have been found in trees and have been observed hunting termites in them.
Diet, predators, and parasites
In the wild, the banded bullfrog primarily eats ants and termites. It also feeds on other small invertebrates including flies, crickets, moths, grasshoppers, and earthworms. Its relatively small head and mouth mostly limit its diet to small and slow-moving prey. The feeding cycle from opening of the mouth to closing is about 150 milliseconds and is relatively symmetrical, meaning that the bullfrog spends an equal amount of time extending its tongue and bringing the prey into the mouth. Banded bullfrogs kept as pets can be fed insects such as crickets, mealworms, insect larvae, and beetles.
Snakes such as the kukri snake are predators of adult banded bullfrogs. For eggs and tadpoles, predators include dragonfly larvae and snails such as the golden apple snail. Banded bullfrogs display deimatic behaviour when threatened, greatly inflating their bodies in an attempt to distract or startle predators. By inflating its body and bending its head down, the bullfrog can appear larger than its actual size. It also secretes a noxious white substance through its skin that is distasteful, though non-toxic, to predators. The secretion contains a trypsin inhibitor and can induce hemolysis (rupturing of red blood cells).
Parasites include parasitic worms that have been found in the frog's intestinal mesentery and leeches that attach to the frog's back.
Pet trade
Commonly sold in pet stores, banded bullfrogs thrive in terrariums with substrate choices consisting of peat–soil mixes or moss mixtures. In contrast to the ant and termite diets of wild bullfrogs, captive bullfrogs typically feed on slightly larger insects such as crickets or mealworms.
A survey of internet pet trade listings between 2015 and 2018 in Europe and the United States found that there were three to four times as many offers as requests for the banded bullfrog, with no evidence of captive breeding. In the Philippines, traders collect the frogs locally. Low interest in the Philippine pet trade has been attributed to the bullfrog's muted colours and burrowing behavior. Máximo and colleagues hypothesize that the species has been illegally sold in South America for decades, based on identifications in Argentina during the 1980s and in Brazil in 2020.
Conservation status
The International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the species as least concern due to its extensive distribution, tolerance of a wide range of environments, and predicted large population. In many regions, the banded bullfrog is captured for consumption, but this does not appear to have a substantial impact on its population.
References
External links
Kaloula
Amphibians of Bangladesh
Amphibians of Brunei
Amphibians of Cambodia
Frogs of China
Fauna of Hong Kong
Frogs of India
Amphibians of Indonesia
Amphibians of Laos
Amphibians of Malaysia
Amphibians of Myanmar
Amphibians of Singapore
Amphibians of Thailand
Amphibians of Vietnam
Amphibians described in 1831
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Amphibians of Borneo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded%20bullfrog
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FC Mülheim is a German association football club based in Mülheim an der Ruhr, North Rhine-Westphalia.
History
Spielvereinigung Oberhausen und Styrum was established through the union of a number of local sports clubs including Styrumer Spielverein 08, Styrum 08 and Oberhausener Spielverein. An attempt to form a football side within the association led to the creation of an independent club, Erster Fußballclub Mülheim-Ruhr-Styrum, in July 1923. The team began play in the Westdeutschen Spielverband over the objections of its parent.
1. FC Mülheim-Styrum played lower-tier ball for much of the period leading up to World War II, advancing as far as second-tier play just before the conflict broke out. The team was able to carry on until 1943 when they suspended play due to the war. After the war, they became part of the Landesliga Niederrhein (III), and later the Verbandsliga Niederrhein (III), before disappearing into lower level play in 1958. They won promotion to the Amateurliga Niederrhein (III) in 1971, capturing the title there that same season. A successful promotion playoff put the team through to the Regionalliga West (II). After the 1973–74 season, German football was restructured; the second tier 2. Bundesliga was introduced and the Regionalligen replaced by the Amateuroberligen (III). Mülheim'''s fourth place result was not good enough to qualify the team for the new second division circuit, but they were still able to join the 2. Bundesliga-Nord when Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin refused the promotion they had earned through their third place finish in the Regionalliga Berlin (II). The club changed its name to 1. FC Mülheim after the 1974–75 season and were sent down after a 17th place finish in their next campaign. That was followed by a 17th place finish in the Amateurliga Niederrhein (III) and relegation to lower tier competition. Despite these failures, they made appearances in the early rounds of the German Cup from 1975 to 1977. Mülheim'' currently plays in the Kreisliga A(VIII) after relegation from the Bezirksliga in 2011.
Former players
Holger Osieck, went on to become Beckenbauer's assistant at the 1990 World Cup
Nobert Eilenfeldt, played over 200 Bundesliga matches, scoring 48 goals
External links
Official team site
Private team-history site
The Abseits Guide to German Soccer
Football clubs in Germany
Sport in Mülheim
Football clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia
Association football clubs established in 1923
1923 establishments in Germany
2. Bundesliga clubs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1.%20FC%20M%C3%BClheim
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North Australia can refer to a short-lived former British colony, a former federal territory of the Commonwealth of Australia, or a proposed state which would replace the current Northern Territory.
Colony (1846–1847)
A colony of North Australia existed briefly after it was authorised by letters patent of 17 February 1846. The colony comprised all land in the Northern Territory and the present state of Queensland lying north of the 26th parallel. The capital was at Port Curtis, now called Gladstone, under Colonel George Barney as Lieutenant-Governor and Superintendent. Charles Augustus FitzRoy, the Governor of New South Wales, was Governor. The colony was proclaimed at a ceremony at Settlement Point on 30 January 1847. The establishment of the new colony, and its status as a penal colony, attracted much criticism in the New South Wales Legislative Council. The Letters Patent establishing the colony were revoked in December the same year, after a change of government in Britain, although Colonel Barney and his party did not receive the news until 1847, when the news arrived in Sydney on 15 April 1847. The colony was intended as a new penal colony after the end of transportation in the older Australian colonies.
Territory (1927–1931)
North Australia was a short-lived territory of Australia. George Pearce, Minister for Home and Territories in the federal government in the 1920s, thought that the Northern Territory was too large to be adequately governed. So on 1 February 1927, under the Northern Australia Act 1926 (Cth), the Northern Territory was split into two territories, North Australia and Central Australia, respectively above and below latitude 20° S. However, on 12 June 1931, the two were reunited as the Northern Territory.
See also
Northern Australia
History of Australia
Central Australia
Central Australia (territory)
States and territories of Australia
Territorial evolution of Australia
Proposals for new Australian states
References
Further reading
Former British colonies and protectorates in Oceania
1846 establishments in the British Empire
States and territories established in 1846
States and territories disestablished in 1847
States and territories established in 1927
States and territories disestablished in 1931
History of the Northern Territory
Pre-Separation Queensland
Northern Australia
Proposed states and territories of Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Australia
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Play It Like That is the second and final album by Australian female pop group Bardot, released in November 2001 (see 2001 in music).
The album debuted at number 16 in Australia and spawned the singles "ASAP", "I Need Somebody" and "Love Will Find a Way".
Background and release
Bardot's second studio album, and their first without Katie Underwood who initially recorded the songs ASAP and Hit-N-Run before departing the group, marked a more mature and sophisticated development in the band's sound, shedding the bubblegum pop image of their debut. While it remains very much a collection of dance-pop songs, the production is more modern and lyrically, the album is a lot more grown up than its predecessor. The album incorporates several genres – disco ("I Need Somebody"), UK garage ("Play It Like That"), R&B ("You Got Me Feeling") and funk ("It's Alright").
The album was recorded in early and mid-2001 in England and Australia with international producers such as Swedish team Murlyn Music (Britney Spears, Dannii Minogue), Ray "Madman" Hedges (Cher, Boyzone, Bryan Adams) and Ollie J (of UK electro group, Arkarna). Bardot also worked with Human Nature singer-producer Phil Burton, while the Dowlut brothers and Michael Szumowski returned. For the first time, each member contributed to the songwriting process. Belinda Chapple penned "Don't Call Me, I'll Call You" with Australian producer Michael D'Arcy, and the pair joined Tiffani Wood to write "Girls of the Night". Sally Polihronas co-wrote "You Got Me Feeling" and with Sophie Monk, the pair wrote "Feel Right".
Critical reception
The album was praised by most critics, many of whom did not expect Bardot to last past their first album. Herald Sun music editor Cameron Adams gave the album 3 stars, stating, "Bardot, more comfortable now being pop artists than just Popstars, get a big red elephant stamp for improvement with their second album." Ninemsn wrote, "they have served their apprenticeship, and deserve the success that they have worked hard for. Play It Like That will certainly launch them into the international circuit and turn heads." Adelaide's The Advertiser gave the album stars, believing "having a greater musical input has paid dividends. The album has a fresher, more inspired sound" while Australian music site Undercover hailed the album as "a mighty creative leap [...] You are forgiven for placing nil expectation of a new Bardot album, but coming from that perspective Play It Like That is a real treat."
Track listing
"Play It Like That" (Ollie J/Phillip Jacobs/Mary Anne Morgan)
"I Need Somebody" (Nigel Butler/Ray Hedges/John Pickering)
"Feel Right" (Sophie Monk/Sally Polihronas/Michael Szumowski)
"ASAP" (Henrik Jonback/John McLaughlin/Fredrik Ödesjö)
"Don't Call Me, I'll Call You" (Belinda Chapple/Michael D'Arcy)
"Love Will Find a Way" (Ollie J/Phillip Jacobs/Patrick McMahon/Miki More)
"Dirty Water" (Kelly Bryant/Sherene Dyer/Marianne Eide/Pete Ibsen/Melissa Popo/Mike Steer)
"You Got Me Feeling" (Philippe-Marc Anquetil/Christopher Lee-Joe/Sally Polihronas)
"It's Alright" (Traci Hale/Christopher Stewart/Philip L. Stewart/Tab)
"Before I Let You Go" (Darren Dowlut/Dennis Dowlut/Richard Goncalves)
"Girls of the Night" (Belinda Chapple/Michael D'Arcy/Tiffani Wood)
"When the Cat's Away" (Henrik Jonback/John McLaughlin/Fredrik Ödesjö)
Unreleased songs
"Something Worth Fighting For" (Tommy Faragher/Nick Howard)
- was originally meant to appear as a B-side on the "ASAP" CD single but was removed shortly before release. A version was later recorded by Russian singer Larisa Dolina.
"He's Gotta Go" (Amanda Bloom)
- likely recorded for the album featuring vocals only from Belinda, Tiffany and Sophie. Sally's vocals does not appear on the track. Leaked in 2014 by Amanda Bloom after being uploaded onto her SoundCloud account.
Charts
Certifications
References
Sources
Play It Like That press release
Bardot (Australian band) albums
2001 albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play%20It%20Like%20That
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Below is a list of newspapers published in Vatican City.
L'Osservatore Romano
Donne, Chiesa, Mondo
Vatican News (online only)
See also
List of newspapers
Index of Vatican City-related articles
Vatican City
Newspapers
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Vatican%20City
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Cogito (originally git-pasky) is a revision control system layered on top of Git. It is historically the first Git frontend, which appeared in April 2005, just days after Git itself. While Git was initially meant just as the low-level interface, Cogito started with the stated goal of becoming a user-friendly front-end.
Cogito is generally considered to be more familiar to people used to working with other SCM tools like CVS and Subversion, although it still follows the model of distributed development used by Git.
Cogito has significantly fewer sub-commands than Git, in line with its purpose to present a simple user interface sufficient for common workflows. As of May 2006, Cogito has only 41 sub-commands, compared to Git's 119. Some features that started in Cogito migrated later to Git, making Git more suitable for standalone use. As an example of simplification of the interface, Cogito hides the concept of "index cache" from the users. Any modified file is considered eligible for commit by Cogito, just as in CVS or Subversion.
Cogito has full compatibility with remote Git repositories. It also retains a high degree of compatibility with Git for local operations. Many Git commands can be used safely on a Cogito managed repository. Conversely, most Cogito commands can be used on repositories primarily managed by Git or StGIT.
Cogito is implemented as a set of Bash scripts (unlike Git, which is written mostly in C and portable Unix shell).
As of April 2007 the project is stalled and declared "for sale", because a lot of the functionality has already been taken over by git, and the maintainer, Petr Baudiš, decided it would be better to focus on improving git-core. Cogito is released under the GNU GPL.
As of May 2008, Cogito does not work well with recent Git versions, and Cogito users are advised to use Git directly or use some other frontends such as EasyGit.
References
Notes
Cogito Manual Page
Cogito Readme
External links
Cogito homepage
Cogito download site
Free version control software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito%20%28software%29
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Center for Talent Development (CTD), established in 1982, is a direct service and research center in the field of gifted education and talent development based at Northwestern University.
CTD offers in-person and online educational programs for students age 3 through grade 12, and resources for their families, and educators, including:
Online enrichment, honors, and AP courses
Service-learning and leadership programs
Weekend and summer programs
Assessment and consulting services, including above-grade-level assessment, through Northwestern University's Midwest Academic Talent Search
Parent seminars
Online communities for students and parents
Program evaluation, professional development, and curriculum units for schools
CTD also works with the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation to support their scholarship programs, which are designed to advance the education of exceptionally promising students who have financial need.
History
CTD began as a research and talent assessment program and soon after grew to include educational programs in several different forms. Dr. Joyce VanTassel-Baska, CTD's founder and former director, started the Midwest Talent Search Project at Northwestern University in 1982. LetterLinks, a distance education program (later known as Gifted LearningLinks), began the same year and transitioned from mail correspondence to online courses in 2002. Summer and weekend enrichment programs were launched in 1983. Northwestern University officially established the Center for Talent Development in 1984. In 1999, the Civic Education Project joined CTD, introducing service-learning, civic engagement, and leadership to the curriculum. The center has since added programs and services for families, educators, and schools.
CTD's current director, Dr. Paula Olszewski-Kubilius, has served in her role since 1987. She served as president of the National Association for Gifted Children from 2011 to 2013, from whom she received the Early Scholar Award in 1987, the Distinguished Scholar Award in 2009, and the Gifted Child Quarterly Paper of the Year Award in 2011. She received the Mensa Award for Excellence in Research in 2013. Olszewski-Kubilius has been interviewed by Education Week and The Boston Globe for her research in the field of gifted education and talent development. Her work has been published by the Association for Psychological Science, Prufrock Press, Scientific American, Roeper Review, Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, Asian Pacific Education Review, Parenting for High Potential, and Gifted Child Quarterly.
Talent Search
Northwestern University's Midwest Academic Talent Search (commonly referred to as "NUMATS") is the above-grade-level assessment program within Northwestern University’s Center for Talent Development. Originally called the Midwest Academic Talent Search (MATS), NUMATS was started in 1982 by Dr. Joyce VanTassel-Baska. This research-validated program aims to provide families and educators with insights into participants’ academic strengths, measure growth, and help connect students with supplemental enrichment, accelerated programs, and appropriate school-based curricula and courses.
Above-grade-level assessments (using tests intended for older students) and interpretive information, such as that provided by NUMATS and similar talent search programs, give a more accurate measurement of aptitude than grade-level assessments for higher-achieving students, particularly for those students who are scoring at the highest end of their grade-level standardized assessments. NUMATS above-grade-level assessment is based on the work of Dr. Julian Stanley at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Stanley was an advocate of accelerated education for academically advanced or gifted children. He founded the Center for Talented Youth at Johns Hopkins and initiated a related research project, the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY), which is an ongoing, longitudinal study of the talent development of individuals identified as gifted. Further research continues to support the model and explore its applications for identification, placement, and academic acceleration. Published in 2004, a report titled A Nation Deceived: How Schools Hold Back America's Brightest Students found above-level testing to be useful in identifying candidates for acceleration and eliminating the ceiling effect many high-ability students experience on grade-level tests.
Through NUMATS, students in grades 3 through 6 take the PSAT™8/9 (a test designed for students in grades 8 and 9). Students in grades 6 through 9 may take the SAT® and/or ACT® (tests designed for students in grades 11 and 12).
Uses and Applications
Above-grade-level test results provide insights into academic abilities, can serve as a benchmark for growth, and help in predicting readiness for acceleration. They are also used to select courses and instruction matched to students’ assessed abilities in their domains of talent (placement in services and appropriate instruction).
Above-grade-level assessments are also used by at the state level to identify gifted students (see Colorado and Ohio), and by researchers and in school-based programs to evaluate the efficacy of academic interventions aimed at gifted and advanced students. In 2017, a study of data collected from past talent search participants examined how demographics, educational experiences, and personal interest impacted the likelihood of pursuing a college degree in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. The study found that experience in a talent search and supplemental gifted programs helped students intensify their interests in STEM. In 2019–2020, a program called Project OCCAMS (Online Curriculum Consortium for Accelerating Middle School) utilized above-grade-level testing to implement accelerated curriculum for bright underserved students in Columbus City Schools. Developed in collaboration with Northwestern University's Center for Talent Development, the Center for Gifted Education at the College of William & Mary, and Columbus City Schools, Project OCCAMS has been funded by the Jacob K. Javits Federal Grant Program and the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation.
Eligibility
Eligibility for NUMATS is determined by meeting grade-level assessment criteria in either verbal/reading or math on a nationally normed or state achievement test; past participation in above-grade-level testing; participation in a school gifted program or advanced academic services; or and/or recommendation by a parent or teacher. Students with scores at the 90th percentile or above in at least one category or subcategory on a state achievement test may also qualify for NUMATS.
Developmental approach
Academic researchers and programs endorse different definitions of intellectual giftedness and approaches to gifted education. CTD's educational philosophy is based on the talent development model, a framework looking beyond IQ and emphasizing personal growth, the development of non-cognitive traits such as psychosocial skills, and the impact of the educational environment on student performance.
Research
In addition to programs, the Center for Talent Development contributes research to the fields of talent development and gifted education. Notable publications include:
2016 – “What One Hundred Years of Research Says About the Effects of Ability Grouping and Acceleration on K–12 Students’ Academic Achievement: Findings of Two Second-Order Meta-Analyses” synthesizes 100 years of research on the effects of ability grouping and acceleration on academic achievement, finding that students benefited from within-class grouping, cross-grade subject grouping, and special grouping for the gifted.
2015 – “Conceptualizations of Giftedness and the Development of Talent: Implications for Counselors” presents a historical perspective on giftedness and discusses the psychosocial issues and skills relevant to supporting the development of gifted students.
2012 – “Academically Gifted Students’ Perceived Interpersonal Competence and Peer Relationships” documents how gifted students perceive their abilities to develop and maintain relationships with their peers.
2011 – “Rethinking Giftedness and Gifted Education: A Proposed Direction Forward Based on Psychological Science” promotes a new framework for understanding giftedness that emphasizes talent within domains and the importance of psychosocial skills.
Affiliated Organizations
Northwestern University School of Education and Social Policy
See also
Belin-Blank Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development
Center for Talented Youth, Johns Hopkins University
Western Academic Talent Search, CU Boulder
Duke University Talent Identification Program (Academic Talent Search discontinued in 2020)
References
Gifted education
Northwestern University
United States educational programs
Summer camps in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern%20University%20Center%20for%20Talent%20Development
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Richard A. Bierschbach is dean and professor of law at Wayne State University Law School. He became Wayne Law's 12th dean on August 17, 2017. He previously taught at Yeshiva University Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in New York, where he also served as vice dean.
Career
Bierschbach received his bachelor's in history (summa cum laude) from the University of Michigan and his J.D. from the University of Michigan Law School., where he won the Daniel H. Grady Prize for graduating first in his class and the Henry M. Bates Award, the law school's highest honor. Before entering academia, Bierschbach was a law clerk for Judge A. Raymond Randolph of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1997–98) and for Justice Sandra Day O'Connor of the Supreme Court of the United States (2000–01). Between those clerkships, he served as a Bristow Fellow in the U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of the Solicitor General and an attorney-advisor in the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel. He has also worked in the New York offices of three international law firms—Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering (now WilmerHale), Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, and Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe—as a member of their Supreme Court and appellate litigation practices.
Bierschbach's teaching and research interests are in criminal law and procedure, administrative and regulatory law, and corporations (especially corporate, white-collar and regulatory crime). His scholarship explores how the criminal justice system's institutional and procedural structure intersects with its substantive and regulatory aims. His work has appeared in numerous leading law journals, including the Yale Law Journal, the Michigan Law Review, the Virginia Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, the Northwestern University Law Review, and the Georgetown Law Journal, among others. While at Cardozo, he twice received the Best Professor Award from the law school's graduating class.
Bierschbach has held various leadership positions within the American Bar Association and is an elected member of the American Law Institute and a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation.
Personal life
Bierschbach and his wife, Carina, have two children.
See also
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 8)
References
Selected publications
External links
Faculty of the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Bio. Orrick.com.
Transcript of Professor Bierschbach's appearance on CNN
CrimProfBlog spotlight on Bierschbach
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
Cardozo School of Law faculty
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
Wayne State University faculty
Deans of law schools in the United States
21st-century American lawyers
United States Department of Justice lawyers
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr people
People associated with Gibson Dunn
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bierschbach
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Walid Mohi Edine al Muallem ( Walīd Muḥīyy ad-Dīn al-Muʿallam; 13 January 194116 November 2020) was a Syrian diplomat and Ba'ath Party member who served as foreign minister from 2006 to 2020 and as deputy prime minister from 2012 to 2020.
Early life and education
Walid Muallem was born into a Sunni family on 13 January 1941 in Damascus. He received primary and secondary education in public schools from 1948 to 1960. Then he obtained a bachelor of arts degree in economics from Cairo University in 1963.
Career
Muallem was a member of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Muallem began his career at foreign ministry in 1964 and served in Syrian missions to Tanzania, Saudi Arabia, Spain and the United Kingdom. During his tenure in Saudi Arabia Muallem was a political attache. In May 1967 he and another Syrian political attache in Saudi Arabia, Jaber Bajbuj, were declared persona non grata by the Saudi authorities due to their alleged contacts with Ba'ath agents in Saudi Arabia, and both were ordered to leave the country within 24 hours.
He served as Syria's Ambassador to Romania from 1975 to 1980. Next he became the head of authentication and translation department at the foreign ministry in 1980 and his term ended in 1984. Later he served as the head of private offices department from 1984 to 1990. After serving as Syria's ambassador to the United States from 1990 to 2000, Muallem was named as assistant foreign minister in 2000. He was appointed deputy foreign minister in 2005 and given the Lebanese file by president Bashar al-Assad.
He was appointed as minister of foreign affairs on 11 February 2006 during a cabinet reshuffle in which his predecessor Farouk al-Sharaa became vice-president. Muallem stated in August 2006, "I am ready to be one of Hassan Nasrallahʹs soldiers." He also stated that Syria has a special relationship with Iran.
He was involved in Israeli-Syrian negotiations, both before and during his tenure as foreign minister.
Syrian civil war
Early on in the Syrian civil war, Muallem held frequent press conferences with Syrian media and Arab outlets. In August 2012, Muallem gave his first interview with a Western journalist since the start of the civil war, in English, saying that "I tell the Europeans: '... I don't understand your slogan of fighting international terrorism when you are supporting this terrorism in Syria'" and stating the government's position that the United States was "the major player against Syria" as it sought to contain Iran. He denied the existence of the Shabiha, pro-government, paid militiamen alleged to have committed atrocities early on during the civil war while blaming 60% of Syria's violence on Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia "with the United States exercising its influence over all others."
In October 2012, after United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon urged Syria to show compassion in light of the growing humanitarian crisis, Muallem spoke at the United Nations and blamed the United States, France, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar for "aid[ing] terror" and "blatant interference" in Syria's affairs, mainly by supplying rebel groups with arms and money calling for Bashar al-Assad to step down. He called Western concerns over chemical weapons use "a joke" and a pretext for an Iraq War-like campaign. Later that month, Muallem also rejected calls by Ban to declare a unilateral ceasefire, insisting that governments that "finance, train and deliver weapons to the armed groups, notably Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey" be stopped. In December 2012, he further blamed United States and European Union sanctions for the suffering in Syria.
In January 2013, after United Nations and Arab League envoy Lakhdar Brahimi said Bashar al-Assad should not take part in a transitional government, Muallem called on opposition groups to join a new cabinet under al-Assad, so long as they "reject foreign intervention."
During his speech during the Sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2013, Muallem claimed that "terrorists from more than 83 countries" are killing Syrian soldiers and civilians and compared the recent events of the Syrian civil war to the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States. In a separate interview with BBC correspondent Jeremy Bowen, Muallem said that the international peace talks were vital for Syria's future while these talks in Geneva "cannot succeed" while Turks, Saudis and Qataris are helping the rebels.
In January 2014, Muallem participated in the Geneva II Conference on Syria at Montreux. He described the opposition as traitors and terrorists in his initial speech while accusing a number of states of supporting terrorism and deliberately attempting to destabilize Syria. Despite the conference rules permitting only ten minutes to each speaker, Muallem talked for over forty minutes before finishing and repeatedly ignored Ban Ki-moon attempts to conclude his speech.
In February 2016, after Saudi Arabia was planning to send its troops to Syria in order to fight against the Islamic State, Muallem warned that any foreign army soldiers who enter Syria without government consent would "return home in wooden coffins".
Following the September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid which killed up to 100 Syrian soldiers, Muallem said that the Syrian government "holds the United States fully responsible because facts show that it was an intentional attack, and not an error, even if the United States claims otherwise."
From 2012 until his death, he was listed on the EU sanction list. According to the EU as a government minister, he shared responsibility for the Syrian regime's violent repression of the civilian population.
Personal life and death
Muallem was married to Sawsan Khayat and had three children, Tarek, Shatha and Khaled. He died on the morning of 16 November 2020, at the age of 79, at Shami Hospital in Damascus. The cause of his death was not disclosed, but Muallem had been suffering from heart problems for years. He was buried at Mezzeh Cemetery.
See also
Foreign relations of Syria
List of foreign ministers in 2017
List of current foreign ministers
References
External links
Ministry of Foreign Affairs official government website
"Fresh Light on the Syrian-Israeli Peace Negotiations" , Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, Winter 1997, interview
1941 births
2020 deaths
Cairo University alumni
Foreign ministers of Syria
Ambassadors of Syria to the United States
Ambassadors of Syria to Romania
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region politicians
Syrian Sunni Muslims
Deputy Prime Ministers of Syria
Politicians from Damascus
People of the Syrian civil war
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid%20Muallem
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The Rega Institute for Medical Research is a Belgian scientific establishment that is part of the Catholic University of Leuven (Leuven) in central Belgium. The Rega Institute is an interfacultary biomedical research institute of the Catholic University of Leuven and consists of departments of medicine and pharmacology.
Divisions
Molecular Bacteriology
Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
Immunobiology
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Immunology
Virology and Chemotherapy
History
The Rega Institute was founded in 1954 within the unitary Catholic University of Leuven by Pieter De Somer, who named it for Henri-Joseph Rega, a Professor at the Old University of Leuven in the 18th century. The building of the Rega Institute was constructed in 1954 and paid by the company Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques (R.I.T.) in Rixensart, where Dr. De Somer had a leading function. During the sixties, De Somer withdrew from R.I.T. and in 1968 he became the founder and first rector of the Dutch-speaking Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven. From 1970 on the Rega Institute has worldwide cooperations with a lot of industrial companies. Since 1985, after rector P. De Somer died, the management of the Institute consists of professors from the laboratories housed in the Institute.
In 1987, the Rega Institute entered into a cooperation with Janssen Pharmaceutica (led by Dr. Paul Janssen). This collaboration would result in the discovery of a totally new class of HIV Reverse Transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, the so-called Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitors or NNRTI's. NNRTIs distinguish themselves of the NRTI's because they do not bind at the catalytic place of the enzyme (i.e. the place where the normal substrate binds himself, such as dATP, dGTP, dCTP or dTTP) but to another, allosteric binding site. The NNRTIs block the normal enzymatic activity of the RT and thereby interrupt the replication cycle of HIV. As a result of the "Rega-Janssen" cooperation several prototypes of NNRTIs, among which the so-called TIBO ("TetrahydroImidazoBenzodiazepinOne") and alpha-APA (Alpha-AnilidoPhenylAcetamide) derivatives were created. This research, in cooperation with Tibotec, resulted in a particular powerful anti-HIV compound, Rilpivirine (TMC-278). NNRTIs are at the moment considered one of the essential ingredients of so-called anti-HIV cocktails. The best well-known NNRTIs are nevirapine and efavirenz.
References
Balzarini J, Celen S, Karlsson A, de Groot T, Verbruggen A, Bormans G., The effect of a methyl or 2-fluoroethyl substituent at the N-3 position of thymidine, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine and 1-beta-D-arabinosylthymine on their antiviral and cytostatic activity in cell culture, Antivir Chem Chemother. 2006;17(1):17-23.
De Clercq E., Chemotherapy of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): non-nucleoside inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, Int J Immunopharmacol. 1991;13 Suppl 1:83-9.
De Clercq E., Perspectives of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in the therapy of HIV-1 infection, Farmaco. 1999 Jan-Feb;54(1-2):26-45.
Rudi Pauwels, Koen Andries, Jan Desmyter, Dominique Schols, Michael J. Kukla, Henry J. Breslin, Alfons Raeymaeckers, Jozef Van Gelder, Robert Woestenborghs, Jozef Heykants, Karel Schellekens, Marcel A. C. Janssen, Erik De Clercq, Paul A. J. Janssen, Potent and selective inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro by a novel series of TIBO derivatives, Nature 343, 470 - 474 (1 February 1990).
Achievements
The Nucleoside analogs, d4T, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (FLT) and 3'-fluorodideoxyguanosine (FLG), and the NNRTI's 1-[(2-hydroxy-ethoxy) methyl]-6-phenylthiothymine (HEPT), tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepine-2(1H)-one and -thione (TIBO) and alpha-anilinophenylacetamide (alpha-APA) were first described at the Rega Institute. The anti-viral drugs Brivudine and Tenofovir were discovered at the Rega Institute.
External links
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Medical research institutes in Belgium
Catholic universities and colleges in Belgium
Research institutes established in 1954
Education in Leuven
KU Leuven
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rega%20Institute%20for%20Medical%20Research
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Christopher Lloyd (born 1938) is an American actor.
Christopher Lloyd may also refer to:
Christopher Lloyd (art historian) (born 1945), Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, 1988–2005
Christopher Lloyd (gardener) (1921–2006), author of gardening books
Christopher Lloyd (naval historian) (1906–1986), British naval historian
Christopher Lloyd (TV producer) (born 1960), American TV screenwriter and producer
Chris Lloyd (born 1980), sprinter from Dominica
Christopher Charles Lloyd (born 1982), rapper known as Lloyd Banks, member of G-Unit
Christopher Lloyd (world history author) (born 1968), historian, educationalist and author
Christopher Lloyd (priest), Irish Anglican priest
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Lloyd%20%28disambiguation%29
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Samuel "Sammy" Silke is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character debuted in the comic series Daredevil. The character is depicted as the son of one of the antagonist Kingpin's friends and associates. His appearance is based on artist Alex Maleev.
Samuel Silke was also portrayed by Peter Gerety in the first season of the Marvel Television production streaming television series Daredevil, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).
Publication history
Samuel Silke first appeared in Daredevil Vol. 2 #26 and was created by Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev.
Fictional character biography
As a child, Samuel Silke was close friends with Richard Fisk, son of the Kingpin, Wilson Fisk. The two discovered that their fathers worked for the Mafia, but it was only when Richard was a young adult that he learned his father was the Kingpin. Following some serious, unknown error in Chicago, Silke was allowed by the organization to join the crew of the then-blind Kingpin as a favor to Silke's father. Years later, Matt Murdock was giving Silke's father's organization problems, so Silke asked Fisk to take care of it for him. Fisk denied the request, saying Murdock was not to be touched and refused to elaborate any further. This angered Silke immensely. Richard Fisk revealed to Silke that he and the rest of the Kingpin's crew knew that the Kingpin knew that Murdock was in fact Daredevil. Silke orchestrated a coup with Richard Fisk, going against the Kingpin's rule by ordering an assassination attempt on Murdock in the Kingpin's name.
The climax of Silke's plan came was when he and the rest of Kingpin's men orchestrated a Julius Caesar-like attack on Kingpin, stabbing him several times and leaving him for dead. With Kingpin out of the way, Silke planned on uniting and running New York's underworld.
However, Silke bit off more than he could chew. Kingpin survived the assassination attempt and was carried out of the country by Vanessa Fisk, his wife. Vanessa then got back at Silke's men, having them killed and killing Richard herself.
Silke fled to the FBI, begging for protection. He wouldn't give any info on his father, but he did give the one thing he had....Daredevil's identity. One of the FBI agents he told it to would later sell it to the tabloids, effectively destroying Daredevil's life.
Silke was brought to a minimum-security prison a bitter and sullen man, bemoaning to the other convicts about how he almost had everything at his fingertips. He was later told by a guard that his father had come to visit him. But when Silke got there, someone else was waiting for him: The Kingpin. Wilson Fisk crushed Silke's head to a pulp, finally getting his revenge. FBI Agent Henry Driver reported what had happened to Silke.
Powers and abilities
Silke was proficient in the knowledge and usage of various knives and guns.
In other media
Silke briefly appears in a flashback early in season 1 of Daredevil, where he is played by Peter Gerety. He is Roscoe Sweeney's right-hand man and the two are responsible for strong-arming Jack Murdock into taking a dive to boxer Carl "The Crusher" Creel.
References
External links
Samuel Silke at Marvel.com
Samuel Silke at Marvel Wiki
Samuel Silke at Comic Vine
Characters created by Brian Michael Bendis
Characters created by Alex Maleev
Comics characters introduced in 2001
Fictional gangsters
Fictional murderers
Marvel Comics supervillains
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Silke
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"Milkshake" is a song by American singer Kelis from her third studio album, Tasty (2003). Written and produced by the Neptunes, the song was originally offered to Britney Spears for her fourth studio album, In the Zone, but was instead given to Kelis. It was released as the lead single from Tasty in the United States on August 25, 2003, by Star Trak and Arista Records, and internationally on November 24, 2003. According to Kelis, "milkshake" in the song is used as a metaphor for "something that makes women special". The song is noted for its euphemistic chorus and low-beat R&B sound.
"Milkshake" peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 in December 2003, becoming Kelis' highest-charting single to date. Elsewhere, the single topped the charts in Ireland and peaked inside the top 10 of the charts in Australia, Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. "Milkshake" was certified Gold in the United States, where it has sold 883,000 paid downloads. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in 2004.
Background
"Milkshake" was written and produced by Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, known collectively as the Neptunes. The song was conceived when Tasty was chosen as the album's title. When making the song, Kelis "knew right away that it was a really good song", and she wanted it to be the album's first single. Recording sessions took place at Hovercraft Studios in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Phil Tan mixed the recordings at Right Track Studios in New York City.
When asked about the meaning of the song, Kelis told The Observer that "It means whatever people want it to; it was just a word we came up with on a whim, but then the song took on a life of its own." However, in an interview with the Associated Press, she likened one's milkshake to one's self-confidence: "A milkshake is the thing that makes women special. It's what gives us our confidence and what makes us exciting."
Composition
"Milkshake" is an R&B song, and Joey Rivaldo of About.com described it as a "low beat dance song". The song is noted for its chorus, in which Kelis sings "My milkshake brings all the boys to the yard". The line was referred to as a "sexy, euphemistic playground rap" by MTV News. The song's riff was described as "blaring synth-funk". Unlike many urban pop songs, which rely on drum machines, the beat consists of a lone darbuka playing a rhythm similar to a belly dance. A manjira sample resembling an order-up counter bell is used throughout the song. Andy Kellman of AllMusic compared the song's suggestive lyrics to "Nasty Girl" by Vanity 6, "In My House" by Mary Jane Girls and "Touch It" by Monifah. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, "Milkshake" has a moderate beat rate of 113 beats per minute.
Critical reception
"Milkshake" received critical acclaim upon its release, both for its inventive and groundbreaking production as well as Kelis' vocal performance.
About.com's Joey Rivaldo rated the song four out of five stars, and stated: "Clearly this is the case of my milkshake is better than yours, so grab yours quick, or we'll have to charge." While reviewing the soundtrack to the film Mean Girls (2004), in which "Milkshake" is featured, Heather Phares of AllMusic wrote that the song describes "the movie's playfully menacing undercurrent", and called the song "fantastic", and that it is "basically a three-minute tutorial in sex appeal." Rollie Pemberton of Pitchfork called the song "brilliant", and said: "Equal parts cantina gyration and future-funk, Kelis plays the coquette, enticing the entire American male populace with rhythmic coos while simultaneously providing an apt tutorial for aspiring temptresses." Bjorn Randolph of Stylus Magazine said that the song "may well be remembered as their [the Neptunes'] masterpiece".
Mark Danson of Contactmusic.com was not very fond of the song, criticizing the Neptunes' sound, and said: "as it sounds like [Pharrell] Williams has done this one in his sleep, it'll probably slip under the radar unless it has a fairly decent video to back it up. It's obviously supposed to be a kind of sexy electronica, but it just ends up sounding slack." Tony Naylor of NME called the song "probably the oddest track" on the Tasty album. Adam Webb of Yahoo! Music UK said that the song "nestles in seamlessly, the rhythm as relentless as a parade of majorettes with Kelis upfront as the cheerleader." Neil Drumming of Entertainment Weekly called the song a "lusty party anthem". Ernest Hardy of Rolling Stone called it "the superfreakiest song on the charts", Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine called it "thick and creamy", Steve Jones of USA Today called it "saucy", and Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian said that in the song "Kelis exploits her husky croon like never before, pouring it over lascivious double entendre."
The Observer named the song the best single of 2004. In 2004, Pitchfork made a list of the top 50 singles of 2003 and listed the song at number eight. In 2005, Pitchfork made a list of the top 100 singles of 2000–2004, listing "Milkshake" at number 21. Stylus Magazine named the song the 13th-best single of 2000–2005. In September 2011, VH1 ranked the song at number 61 on its list of the "100 Greatest Songs of the '00s". In October 2011, NME placed it at number 136 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".
In 2004, "Milkshake" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance.
Commercial performance
"Milkshake" debuted at number 73 on the September 6, 2003, chart of the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and peaked at number four on January 3, 2004. In October 2003, it debuted at number 95 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was Kelis' second entry on the chart, following "Caught out There", which spent 12 weeks on the chart between December 1999 and February 2000. In its 13th week on the chart, "Milkshake" reached its peak of number three, and stayed there for five consecutive weeks. The song charted on the Hot 100 for 22 weeks, and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on October 25, 2004. "Milkshake" also spent a week atop the Hot Dance Club Songs chart in December 2003. The song has sold 883,000 paid digital downloads in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan. It was listed at number 41 on the 2004 Hot 100 year-end chart, and number 41 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs year-end chart.
The single debuted at number 15 on the Irish Singles Chart, and later topped the chart for five consecutive weeks. In the United Kingdom, "Milkshake" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart, where it remained for four consecutive weeks, and has been certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Elsewhere in Europe, the track reached the top five in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, and the top 10 in Netherlands.
In Australia, "Milkshake" peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart for five non-consecutive weeks and has been certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). It also peaked at number three on the New Zealand Singles Chart and has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ).
Music video
The music video for "Milkshake" was directed by Jake Nava. In the video, Kelis enters a diner called Tasty's Yard. She dances suggestively, and puts her lips around a cherry, which causes a mother to cover her child's eyes. A cook, played by rapper Nas, starts delivering milkshakes to the customers while Kelis dances. A milkshake machine then starts spurting milkshake all over the customers, and more and more people enter the "yard". FHM named the music video the 73rd sexiest music video by a female performer of all time and commented: "Here she's backed up by a posse of dancers wearing tiny diner uniforms. The way she sucks a milkshake and bites a cherry is just unfairly sexy", and said that the best part is when Kelis demonstrates a "perfect bending-over-oven technique".
Usage in media
The song has been featured in numerous television series and films including The Simpsons, Family Guy, Jane the Virgin, South Park, The Glee Project, George Lopez, Nip/Tuck, The New Normal, The Haunted Mansion, Mean Girls, Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, King's Ransom, The Big Short, Ugly Betty, Date Movie, 2 Broke Girls, Norbit and Identity Thief. It appeared in season 3, episode 8 of Sex Education.
The song was covered by Australian rock band The Pictures in 2005 as part of youth radio station Triple J's Like a Version segment. The song was also covered by Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield and Madelaine Petsch in the episode "Chapter Fifteen: Nighthawks" from the second season of the television series Riverdale. The song was also covered by Robyn Adele Anderson in 2020.
Track listings
UK CD single
"Milkshake" – 3:05
"Milkshake" (X-Press 2 Triple Thick Vocal Mix Edit) – 6:49
UK enhanced CD single
"Milkshake" – 3:05
"Milkshake" (X-Press 2 Triple Thick Vocal Mix) – 9:30
"Milkshake" (DJ Zinc Remix) – 5:59
"Milkshake" (Freq Nasty's Hip Hall Mix) – 6:24
"Milkshake" (Tom Neville Mix) – 6:26
"Milkshake" (music video) – 3:11
Australian and German CD maxi single
"Milkshake" – 3:05
"Milkshake" (X-Press 2 Triple Thick Vocal Mix) – 9:30
"Milkshake" (DJ Zinc Remix) – 5:59
"Milkshake" (Freq Nasty's Hip Hall Mix) – 6:24
"Milkshake" (Tom Neville Remix) – 6:26
US 12-inch single
A1. "Milkshake" (Radio Mix) – 3:05
A2. "Milkshake" (Instrumental) – 3:05
B1. "Milkshake" (Radio Mix) – 3:05
B2. "Milkshake" (Acappella) – 2:57
US 7-inch single
A. "Milkshake" (Radio Mix) – 3:05
B. "Milkshake" (Instrumental) – 3:05
UK 12-inch single
A1. "Milkshake" – 3:05
A2. "Milkshake" (X-Press 2 Triple Thick Vocal Mix) – 9:30
B1. "Milkshake" (Tom Neville Remix) – 6:24
B2. "Milkshake" (X-Press 2 Triple Thick Dub [With Extra Cream]) – 9:30
Digital download
"Milkshake" – 3:05
Digital download – Radio Mix
"Milkshake" (Radio Mix featuring Pharrell and Pusha T) – 4:46
"Milkshake" (Instrumental) – 4:41
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Tasty.
Recording
Recorded at Hovercraft Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia)
Mixed at Right Track Studios (New York City)
Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City)
Personnel
The Neptunes – production
Andrew "Drew" Coleman – recording
Daniel Betancourt – recording assistance
Phil Tan – mixing
Tim Olmstead – mixing assistance
Chris Athens – mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2003 singles
2003 songs
Arista Records singles
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Kelis songs
Music videos directed by Jake Nava
Song recordings produced by the Neptunes
Songs written by Chad Hugo
Songs written by Pharrell Williams
Star Trak Entertainment singles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkshake%20%28song%29
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Below is a list of newspapers published in Andorra. All newspapers in Andorra are written in the Catalan language
Daily
Altaveu (Andorra la Vella)
Bondia
Diari d'Andorra (Andorra la Vella)
El Periòdic d'Andorra / El Periòdic (Escaldes-Engordany)
Weekly
7dies
See also
List of Catalan-language newspapers (includes newspapers in other Catalan-speaking areas that are outside Andorra)
List of newspapers
Andorra
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Andorra
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Viktor An (; born Ahn Hyun-soo () on November 23, 1985), is a South Korean-born Russian short-track speed skating coach and retired short-track speed skater. With a total of eight Olympic medals, six gold and two bronze, he is the only short track speed skater in Olympic history to win gold in every distance, and the first to win a medal in every distance at a single Games. He has the most Olympic gold medals in the sport, three of which he won in the 2006 Winter Olympics and the other three in the 2014 Winter Olympics. Considered to be the greatest short track speed skater of all time, he is a six-time overall World champion (2003-2007, 2014), two-time overall World Cup winner (2003–04, 2005–06), and the 2014 European champion. He holds the most overall titles at the World Short Track Speed Skating Championships, and is the only male short track skater to win five consecutive world titles.
In 2008, Ahn suffered a knee injury and could not regain his health by the time the national qualifiers for Vancouver 2010 came around. His recovery being slow and his South Korean local team dissolved in 2010, Ahn, aiming for his second Olympics, became a Russian citizen the next year and began racing for the Russian team. After winning gold in Sochi, Ahn explained his reasons for joining the Russian team saying, "I wanted to train in the best possible environment and I proved my decision was not wrong." As expected, a gold-winning athlete leaving the national team caused public uproar in South Korea. However, it was aimed not at Ahn, but at the country's skating union. Most South Korean fans in a poll said they understood his decision. Ahn continued his skating career in his adopted nation until 2019 and declared his retirement in April 2020.
In 2023, Ahn returned to Korea as a short track leader. Ahn returned to South Korea and applied to be a coach for Seongnam City's short track speed skating team, despite having renounced his South Korean citizenship when becoming Russian. However, since his change in 2014 he had been increasingly criticized for his work in Russia amid the Russo-Ukrainian War and his coaching position in the Chinese team at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Some Korean coaches have formed The Korea Skating Coaches' Union and urged "Seongnam City to appoint a coach that meets the public eye level" and criticized Ahn that he "lied during the naturalization process and betrayed his country". and He was criticized by the public for betraying his country by transferring Korean sports skills to Russia and China. Ahn was eventually denied the coaching position due to significant public opposition.
After being denied his position as Seongnam City Hall coach due to strong public opposition, Ahn explained the controversy he knew about his loss of nationality in advance and receives a full Olympic medal pension prior to Russian naturalization. he said: "I donated every pension I had received prior to naturalization".According to his explanation and a Korean ice skating official mentioned in Chosun Ilbo shortly thereafter, the entire lump sum pension he received was spent on rehabilitating "children who needed heart surgery and Korean junior players". And he make his first start as a Korean Sports leader, being named as a coach in the 2023-2024 national team trials at the request of his juniors. The Korea Skating Union officially announced this through Yonhap News Agency, and the Korean media reported it collectively.
Early life and education
Ahn began skating in 1993 in his first year of primary school. The first time he watched the sport on television was during the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer where one of his heroes, Chae Ji-hoon, took gold in the 500 m and silver in the 1000 m for South Korea. Incidentally, these were the Games where Russia achieved a national record of 11 Olympic golds, a feat that he himself would help to repeat twenty years later. His coach, Kim Ki-hoon, was a three-time Olympic gold medalist who scouted Ahn and continued to train him. He trained ten hours every day from techniques, speed, and endurance to video analysis.
Career
2000s
Early career and the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ahn made his international debut at the World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships in 2002. Finishing first in the 1500 m, 1000 m, and 5000 m relay events, he claimed the overall title.
Ahn then participated in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. He made the finals for the 1000 m event but returned home without a medal, after a controversial fall involving Apolo Ohno, Li Jiajun, and Mathieu Turcotte that allowed Australian Steve Bradbury to sweep the gold medal. Ahn finished in fourth place, behind Ohno and Turcotte.
After the 2002 Olympics, Ahn finished second to Kim Dong-sung at his first senior-level world championship competition the same year, almost duplicating Kim's feat of winning both the Junior and Senior World Championship titles in 1997.
Ahn began dominating the sport from the 2002–2003 season. As well as claiming four overall and 1500 m World Championship titles in a row between 2003 and 2006, Ahn excelled himself at 1000 m and 3000 m during that period and also starred with the Republic of Korea's 5000 m relay team. In all, he won a total of 23 medals in that prolific spell, and took the 2004 and 2006 World Cup titles for good measure. He also set the world records for the 1500 m in 2003 at World Cup #2 in Marquette and the 3000 m at World Cup #4 in Beijing, which he held for the following eight years.
National team 'recommendation system'
South Korea has produced many outstanding short track speed skaters and is highly competitive in selecting the national team. Their key method of selecting players is to automatically select the best players in advance according to the comprehensive podium rankings of the World Championships. However, there is a system that has disappeared after much controversy and factional fight. It was the 'recommendation system'.
South Korea's elite sports system was strictly a top-down relationship between leaders and athletes. and the factions were formed according to the leaders and the factions of the players were also determined by their universities and leaders. And the players was disadvantaged if he disobeyed the instructions from the factional leader. Viktor Ahn is one of these representative players.
Ahn graduated from Korea National Sport University. His leaders were Kim Ki-hoon, a three-time Olympic champion, and Jun Myung-kyu, former vice president of the Korea Skating Union who was also the head coach of the Korean short track speed skating team from 1987 to 2002. Ahn as a junior, consistently excelled in Korea's domestic competitions and captured the Overall title at the Junior World Championships. Though he initially didn't participate in the national team trial, he was subsequently recommended to join the 2002 national team as a substitute for an injured player. This recommendation came from Park Seong-in, the president of the Korea Skating Union, and Yoo Tae-wook, the federation's director. After observing Ahn's stellar performance at the Junior World Championships, head coach Jun Myung-kyu chose him for the Olympic team. In a bold move, Jun opted for the 16-year-old, who lacked international experience, to compete in the 1000 m individual event, a decision that faced opposition from the Korea Skating Union and others. The 2002 Olympics was his Senior international debut. In addition to Ahn, many athletes and leaders were recommended by the Korea Skating Union. They were Chae Ji-hoon, Chun Lee-kyung, Kim So-hee, Choi Min-kyung Ko Gi-hyun, Lee Ho-suk, and Choi Eun-kyung, and also included were Kim Dong-sung and Kim Sun-tae, who were injured and failed to participate in the national team trials.
This referral system was used to discover talented players and give opportunities to injured players. However, there were players who were alienated, which led to conflict. In 2006, the recommendation system for selection of representative players of the Korea Skating Union disappeared from the national team trials as the conflict of factional fighting was exposed to the public.
2002-2005, KNSU and Non-KNSU
Factional fight in south Korean ice skating was allegedly mentioned as a form of Korea National Sport University (KNSU) and non-Korea National Sport University. But it was far more complicated inside. The power struggle of first-generation ice skating leaders, which started in the 1990s, changed form and influenced leaders, their direct disciples and athletes and changed their relationship. In 2002, when Ahn became a member of the national team, it was the time when Korean society was noisy due to the corruption of the ice skating world. Athletes and parents, who were University entrance students, gave money to professors who were influential in the ice skating world, and the professor received it. And the person who reported the case and accused his senior of corruption is Jun Myung-Kyu who becomes professor at the Korea National Sport University. In June 2003, Ahn decided to enter the Korea National Sport University in spite of exceptional conditions, including the guarantee of professor posts in other universities. The recommendation system that selected Ahn for the national team in 2002 had been in place since 1995, even before Ahn's inclusion. but in the process, At 16, he became the emblematic figure of the Korea National Sport University and professor Jun. And those on the other side accused 16-year-old Ahn of being responsible for factional conflicts in Korea's skating world.
In 2003-2004, when Ahn's heyday began, conflicts in the ice skating world and the tyranny of leaders were serious. In the national team Jun Myung-kyu stepped down from his post due to poor performance at the 2002 Salt Lake Olympics, and Olympic medalists Kim Ki-hoon took over the men's national team, but in 2004, Kim was forced to resign due to the controversy over forcing his athletes to wear skates made by the family-run skating company. In November 2004, Choi Eun-kyung, Byun Chun-sa etc six women's team members left the athletes' village due to the coach's habitual beating scandal. The coaches for the women's team have all been replaced. Two months later, Ahn was assaulted at the Winter Universiade in January 2005. The men's team coach Yoon had to resign after the World Team Championships in March due to controversy over match-fixing and assault allegations raised at the time. Kim Ki-hoon was reelected coach of the men's team for the Turin 2006 Olympics instead of Yoon Jae-Myung. However, in April 2005, seven other non-Korea National Sport University athletes, with the exception of Ahn Hyun-soo, declined to enter the athletes' village. They insisted, The main person is fixed. We can't trust a coach who favours a specific player. At the end of the day, Kim Ki-hoon resigns, saying, "I can't teach these players anymore." Kim Ki-hoon was professor Jun's direct disciple. Kim is known to have passed on special know-how skating skills to Ahn.
Kim Ki-hoon mentioned in an interview in 2018: "Ahn hyun-soo was really outstanding. Teach him one thing and he really absorbs it in like a sponge. Ahn was not the only one to teach more. I coached everyone on the national team, but Ahn came to see me more often."
2005, Conflict with Korea Skating Union
Ahn was reported to be the victim of senior player Seo Ho-jin's assault at the 2005 Winter Universiade. Though Seo was expelled from the national team and Yoon Jae-myung, head coach for the event, was dismissed on charges of match-fixing, Seo returned to the national team for the 2006 Winter Olympics the next year.
Ahn refused to join the national team and take training in 2005 and also confronted with the leaders of the Korea Skating Union. In July 2005, parents and coaches, including Ahn and Choi Eun-kyung, Sung Si-bak held a press conference and exposed coach Yoon Jae-myung's Aiding and abetting assault. It also called for the resignation of all federation leaders and announced its absence from the 2006 Turin Olympics. As a result, coach Yoon's appointment has been canceled. However, the conflict at that time was at its peak. At the height of the conflict, the Korea Skating Union dismissed the national team coach Chun Jae-Su, who had called for the resignation of the entire leadership, accusing him of stirring unrest among parents and athletes. He was subsequently suspended for six months. As a result, Ahn declined to train with the national team. Parents further alleged that there was political pressure exerted by a national assembly member associated with the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. This situation led Ahn to train with the women's team instead of the men's, presenting considerable challenges leading up to the 2006 Olympics. Prior to his naturalization in Russia in 2011, Ahn mentioned that during this difficult time, Sung Si-bak and Lee Seung-hoon, who weren't then part of the national team, supported him.
The issue came back to the fore after Ahn's victory as a Russian in the 2014 Winter Olympics, as the South Korean public questioned the Korea Skating Union of losing their biggest Olympic star. Regarding the uproar against him, Seo argued that the incident was just a form of discipline from senior to junior, but Ahn revealed in 2015 that he and his junior were hit with helmets on.
In 2014, some Korean media outlets criticized that there was a line that went down from Jun Myung-kyu - Kim Ki-hoon - Ahn Hyun-soo and it couldn't just blame the fact that the alienated players who became coaches held Ahn Hyun-soo in check to oppose Jun Myung-kyu, and Ahn Hyun-soo also wanted it or not, he also could not be free from the responsibility of factional fighting. However, in May 2005, The Hankyoreh newspaper reported:
The officials of the Korea Skating Union were investigated by police for receiving money from the father of a player who was disqualified for hitting a junior player at a Universiade in Austria earlier this year to return his son to the national team.
2006 Winter Olympics
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Ahn won gold medals in the 1500 m and 1000 m events. He set a new Olympic record time of 1:26.739 in the 1000 m, finishing ahead of teammate Lee Ho-suk and rival Ohno. Ahn also won gold in men's 5000 m relay along with teammates Lee Ho-suk, Seo Ho-jin, and Song Suk-woo. With his patented outside overtaking maneuver, he overtook defending champion Canada to get his third gold medal of the Games. Ahn became the second South Korean athlete ever to win three gold medals in one Olympics, following Jin Sun-yu who had accomplished this earlier on the same day. He also won a bronze medal in the 500 m event. Ahn was the only athlete in Turin to step on to the podium four times.
Ahn became the first short track speed skater to win a medal in every distance at a single Games, a feat unprecedented by any athlete in his sport. He is the first South Korean man to win at least 3 medals in a single Winter Olympics.
Following the 2006 Olympics, Ahn maintained his record at the 2006 World Championships in Minneapolis. Despite being disqualified in the finals of the 500 m and 3000 m events, his victories in both the 1000 m and 1500 m events helped him defend his title with 68 points, followed by countryman Lee Ho-suk with 60 points. He became the first male short track skater to win four consecutive world titles.
After Torino
After the 2006 World Championships, Ahn flew back to South Korea. At Incheon International Airport, Ahn's father had a loud quarrel with the vice president of the Korea Skating Union (KSU), claiming that the coach did not associate with Ahn and conspired with other skaters to prevent Ahn from winning the title of overall champion.
Ahn collided with Lee Ho-suk and Oh Se-jong in the World Championship 3000m Super Final. The airport incident, which was reported on news screens, caused a stir in the media and the public along with factional issues. as a result, the Korea Skating Union said it would hold a committee meeting to consider disciplinary action. On April 26, 2006, the reward and punishment committee concluded that "it was not an intentional collision after playing the videos more than 100 times," and that Ahn Hyun-soo, Lee Ho-suk, and Oh Se-jong were all unintentional.
The South Korean short track team was split into two groups, in one of which Ahn was being coached by the women's coach Park Sae-woo due to conflicts with the men's coach Song Jae-kun. even though Ahn was the main player winning the gold medal in the Turin Olympics 5000m relay, the men's team members held a ceremony to their mentor commentator Lee Joon-ho, excluding only Ahn Hyun-soo. The tensions had risen so high that the skaters refused to dine in the same room, sit next to each other on the plane, or even share the same floor with each other. Ahn and Lee Ho-suk used to attend the same high school together, and even shared a room the previous year in skating camps, but due to the conflict they had begun to rarely speak to each other.
Ahn mentioned on his personal website that the pressure was too much for him and he contemplated quitting the sport. Due to the issue, KSU stated that starting next season, the team would be united under one head coach to prevent deleterious rivalries.
In spite of the conflicts, Ahn continued to dominate the sport. At the 2007 World Championships held in Milan, Ahn won his fifth world championship, finishing first in the 1000 m and in the 5000 m relay with teammates Kim Byeong-jun, Sung Si-bak, Song Kyung-taek, and Kim Hyun-kon. He also won silver in the 3000 m behind Song, and won two bronze medals in the 500 m and the 1500 m. With this victory, Ahn became the first man to win five consecutive world championships. Ahn is the only male short track skater to have won at least three consecutive world championships; Canadian short track legend Marc Gagnon has won four times, but his titles did not come back to back.
Injury in early 2008
On January 16, 2008, the Korea Skating Union (KSU) reported that Ahn had injured his knee after colliding with a fence during national team training at the Korea Training Center in Taeneung. The skate blade got stuck on the ice then the Ahn fell and bumped his knee on the fence. The fence, placed to absorb the shock, froze hard like a rock, causing serious injury rather than absorbing the impact. After being sent to the hospital, the injury was diagnosed as a fractured knee.
Due to the injury, KSU announced that Ahn would not be competing in the ISU Samsung World Cup Series #5 and #6 in Quebec City and Salt Lake City, respectively. It was also reported that he would not be competing in the 2008 World Championships in Gangneung or the 2008 World Team Championships in Harbin, China. As a result of the unexpected injury, it was clear that Ahn would be unable to defend his sixth World title, leaving his countrymen Lee Ho-suk, Song Kyung-taek, and Lee Seung-hoon to make up the ground. After undergoing three surgeries, his rehabilitation period was predicted to be around 2–3 months.
After eight months off the ice, a South Korean news article reported on September 5, 2008, that Ahn was back training, undergoing approximately two hours of physical reinforcement and skating along with around five hours of rehabilitation accompanied by muscular power training. The article also reported that Ahn was eyeing the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada.
However, his recovery from the injury was much slower than initially expected, and he had to undergo four surgeries in 15 months.
In 2009, Ahn finished seventh overall at the Korean national team trials, which was not enough for him to qualify for the Olympic team. Not having fully recovered from his injury, he again was unable to qualify for the national team in the following season.
In 2010-2011, Ahn served as a commentator for SBS Sports on the season's World Cup series and World Championships.
2010s
2010, Conflict with Korea Skating Union
In March 2010, Ahn's father, Ahn Ki-Won, revealed that Lee Jung-su forfeited the individual competition at the world championships because of external pressure, not injury. Athletes traded the rights to participate in the Olympics and the World Championships under the instructions of the coaches, and each other helped the Olympic national team trials. This incident had a huge impact. The players involved and the Vancouver Olympic coaches have all been disciplined. The leaders of the Korea Skating Union were all forced to resign.
Ahn became a whistleblower who informed the South Korean society of the dark side of Korean shorttrack speed skating of factional fight and match-fixing regardless of his will. And it took a toll on him, officially or informally. The selection of the national team was suddenly postponed, and Ahn Hyun-soo, overlapped with the four-week basic military training period, disrupted his own training plan. Suspicions have also been raised that he missed an Olympic opportunity by disobeying the factional leader's words. Noise and controversy continued around him regarding factional issues and the way the national team was selected.
And his team Seongnam City declared a moratorium in July 2010 and decided to dismantle the ice skating team in December 2010. But there was not a team to scouted Ahn Hyun-soo.
Naturalization to Russia
Ahn last competed as a South Korean citizen at the national team trials in April 2011, where he took gold in the 500 m. Prior to the trials, his local team Seongnam City Hall dissolved due to financial reasons, and therefore Ahn had to train by himself. Shortly before this competition, he informed the South Korean media that it would be his farewell performance. Ahn finished fifth overall at the national team trials. After the trials, Ahn announced that he will be moving to Russia because he wanted to skate in an environment where he could concentrate in skating, apart from the issues surrounding him.
He moved to Russia in June 2011 and decided to naturalize on July. On December 28, 2011, he was officially granted a Russian nationality by President Dmitry Medvedev. His Korean nationality was automatically extinguished by the South Korean nationality law, which does not allow dual nationality. Since then, South Korean media has reported that he received the full Olympic medal pension in July 2011, and decided to naturalized to Russia in August. Based on this, when the Korea skating coach union pointed out "pension receipt" due to "morality" issues in the process of hiring Seongnam City coach in 2023, Viktor Ahn said he decided on everything in July 2011 and donated the entire pension just before Russian naturalization for the first time in 12 years.
In a 2015 documentary aired on South Korea's MBC, Ahn disclosed that there was pressure from Korea Skating Union an official just before his naturalization in Russia. The official warned. "This athlete is a problematic player in South Korea and should never be accepted."
2011, Conflict with the South Korean coaches
South Korean coaches and staff were already in Russia before Ahn decided to go to Russia. But in October 2011, the Russian Skating Union fired everyone, leaving Viktor Ahn alone. According to South Korean media reports at the time, 'internal conflicts between leaders', 'South Korean experts never notified Russian coaches how to prepare skating equipment accordingly in shorttrack speed skating', 'compulsory training ' and 'corporal punishment on athletes' were the reasons for the dismissal.
At that time, however, there were rumors in South Korea that Ahn was reluctant to undergo Korean-style training again. After this incident, Ahn's wife Woo Nari and coach Hwang Ik-hwan who were coach of his team for Seongnam City just before his naturalization, were invited to Russia for Viktor Ahn's rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Along with this incident during the 2014 Sochi Olympics, the 2004 women's short track team assault incident was re-examined. This is because the assault incident of women player team in 2004, and one of the coaches who had a conflict with Viktor Ahn in Russia in 2011 was on the coaching staff of the South Korea national team.
About this issue, coach Hwang Ik-hwan had an interview as follows. "Hyun-soo won first place in the 500m in the last national trial in Korea before going to Russia. In other words, his physical condition was not bad. However, he was in the worst slump when I met him after six months. Even after they were expelled from the Russian Skating Union, Hyun-soo could not easily get out of that wound for a while."
In 2018, an official from the Korean skating world also revealed the following. "Viktor Ahn had to went through hard time in the early days of settling in Russia. And he was able to train normally only after the Russian Skating Union fired the coach."
Heading to Sochi
Ahn participated in the Russian national team trials for the 2011–2012 season and was selected as a relay member for the season. He made his debut as a Russian short track speed skater at World Cup #5 in Moscow.
In the national trials for the 2012–2013 season, Ahn won the 1000 m and 3000 m events, successfully pulling off to the national team. At World Cup #1 in Calgary, he won his first individual gold in the international stage since his knee injury four years ago. He also contributed to Russia's first-ever relay gold at World Cup #5 in Sochi, making an inside pass that reminded of performances in his heyday.
Ahn came through the Olympic season with flying colors, finishing second in the overall World Cup rankings and winning four golds at the 2014 European Championships. While his knee injury did not allow him to top the 1500 m races that he had dominated when representing Korea, his experience, technique, and exclusive training on the 500 m helped Ahn lead the distance in the World Cup rankings.
2014 Winter Olympics
At the 2014 Winter Olympics, Ahn won the bronze medal in the 1500 m event, which was the first short track speed skating medal that Russia had ever earned. Ahn then won the first Russian gold medal in short track, winning the 1000 m event by leading the first Russian 1–2 finish in short track with Vladimir Grigorev. On February 21, Ahn won his seventh overall and fifth Winter Olympic gold medal when he finished first in the 500 m men's final. With that gold medal, he became the first short track skater to win all four Olympic golds, the 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, and 5000 m relay. He also became the short track speed skater with the most Olympic gold medals, with five, which increased to six with a 5000 m relay win later the same day. With that gold, he became the short tracker with the most Olympic medals, at eight, tied with Apolo Ohno; he also became the short tracker with the most Olympic gold medals, at six.
After his victory, Koreans came to an uproar questioning the Korea Skating Union of the reason for Ahn's naturalization, which eventually caused Korean President Park Geun-hye to order an investigation on the issue. Contrary to the public opinion in Korea, Ahn contended that he did not move to Russia because of factionalism. He also added that his father, who had argued Ahn was the victim of faction fight in Korea, was contradicting him, and going to the Olympics was the sole reason why he made the difficult decision to come to Russia. Ahn expressed his concern that though his relationship with the Korean athletes had no problems, the press was making them awkward.
After Sochi
In the 2014 World Championships held a month after the Olympics, Ahn won the 1000 m and finished third in the 3000 m, grabbing his sixth world title by 63 points. He became the only man to win six world championships in the sport.
After his prolific season, Ahn continued his skating career despite a part-move into coaching. He missed the 2015–2016 season due to knee problems and his wife's pregnancy. In an interview after the 2016 World Championships, which he did not take part in but did watch, he told the press that doctors have warned him undergoing extra surgery would jeopardize his career, and thus he is working on adding muscles to relieve the pain.
Ahn continued to win medals at the World and European championships for Russia. He won bronze in the 500 m and silver in the 5000 m relay at the 2017 European Championships, and won silver in the 500 m race at the 2018 European Championships. Although Ahn had planned to retire after participating the 2018 Winter Olympics in his native South Korea, he missed out the Olympics in the wake of the alleged sports doping in Russia. The IOC did not disclose the specific reasons for banning Ahn, only mentioning "lingering suspicions" about doping use regarding the country. Ahn, who had never tested positive for drugs, challenged the decision writing an open letter to IOC President Thomas Bach, but he was not answered.
Retirement
Ahn decided to retire from the sport and return to his home country of South Korea after rejecting an offer to coach the Russian team in September 2018.
After stepping off ice, Ahn starred in the South Korean variety-reality show Real Man 300. He was also noticed working as a player-coach at Korea National Sports University.
In 2018, Ahn received an offer as a national team leader from the South Korea as well as the Russia national team. A senior South Korean official revealed in February of that year that there had been informal discussions and the final decision rested with Ahn. However, the Korea Skating Union was soon mired in controversy due to an assault on a female player and a related #MeToo incident involving a national team coach, which drew significant attention in South Korean society and led to government investigations. Amid the tumultuous events within the Korea Skating Union, Viktor Ahn's discussions to lead the South Korean national team were hindered by his controversies and lack of coaching experience. The offer ultimately dissolved when he rejoined the Russian national team for the 2019-2020 season.
In February 2019, Ahn reversed his decision, announcing that he wanted to compete as an athlete.
Aged 33, he won silver in the 500 m and 1000 m races respectively at the ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup in Salt Lake City and Shanghai before anchoring Russia to gold in the mixed gender 2,000 m relay and men's 5,000 m relay.
In April 2020, Ahn revealed that knee problems were affecting his ability to train and that it was time for him to finally finish his skating career. In his retirement statement, he announced he will continue to work for the sport.
2020s
2022 Winter Olympics
In 2018, Ahn was offered a coaching position for China's national speed skating team by Wang Meng, who had been Ahn's acquaintance since 2002. Although Ahn declined the offer in 2018, he accepted the offer in late 2019.
As the top assistant of Kim Sun-tae, head coach for China's short track team in the 2022 Winter Olympics and previous head coach for Korea's short track team in the 2018 Winter Olympics, Ahn helped Chinese players win two gold medals, one silver medal, and one bronze medal in Beijing. His training style was to skate with the athletes throughout the sessions, so that they could naturally learn how to make steps.
When Korean skaters were disqualified during the men's 1000 m semifinals, arousing short track speed skating controversies, South Korean netizens directed anger and criticism towards Ahn, who was seen congratulating his team for winning gold in the 2000 m mixed relay.
In addition, some Korean media and the public have remarked that he received an Olympic medal pension ('sports pension') just prior to his naturalization in Russia.
Regarding the Olympic medal pension, he has already been confirmed to have received the most 'sports pension' among South Korean sports athletes through a parliamentary audit by the South Korean National Assembly in October 2012. During his career, he received a pension of more than 370 million won from the state.
"The receipt of the Olympic medal pension" has been raised since his naturalization, but it has not been much controversy. However, in 2021, his junior Lin Xiaojun (Lim Hyo-jun), an Olympic gold medalist, was known to have decided to naturalize to China, and major South Korean media compared Lin XiaoJun, who was naturalized to China over the repeated naturalization of Korean ace athletes to other countries and pensions for the first time in 10 years. And anti-Chinese sentiment during the 2022 Beijing Olympics has raised criticism over his receipt of the Olympic medal pension.
Not responding to interview requests during the Games, Ahn shared his thoughts on the issue in March in an interview with the Korean press by saying, "I kept a stiff upper lip because I didn't want to be an irresponsible person. Due to the nature of the sport, judgment problems can occur at any time. All players come to the game with the mindset that they should be careful about decision issues, but the unexpected often happens on ice." Regarding the accusations that were poured on not only him but also his family, Ahn said, "It suddenly occurred to me that if I gave up short track speed skating, this controversy would end," adding, "I thought I had been supported for my passion and games, but it was heartbreaking to see unexpected things lead to criticism." He yet stated that despite the adversities, he won't be leaving the sport.
After the Olympics, Ahn rejected a four-year coaching position and returned to Korea, having not met his family for 19 months due to Covid-19 situations. Furthermore, Ahn declined long-term leadership offers from third countries outside of South Korea, China, and Russia.
Failure to return to South Korea for coaching
In 2023, Ahn returned to South Korea and applied to be a coach for Seongnam City's short track speed skating team. However, he is under huge criticism from the South Korean short track speed skating coaches as he has helped South Korean rival China to gain medals during the 2022 Beijing Olympics. The Korea skating coach union urged "Seongnam City to appoint a coach that meets the public eye level" and criticized Ahn that he "lied during the naturalization process and betrayed his country", avoiding the fact that Ahn was mistreated by the Korea Skating Union after his injuries. In late January, Seongnam City's short track speed skating team announced that no one is qualified to be a coach, meaning that Ahn is unlikely to be coach for his homeland. After Seongnam City has since announced that there are no successful candidates, and the city ultimately decided not to fill the vacant coaching position.
since then, the Korea skating coach union has been known as a close aide to a specific candidate, and suspicions have been raised that the disciplinary history of a specific candidate has not been raised. As a result, some South Korean media outlets suggested that there was a factional power struggle and political involvement in the ice skating world.
Following South Korea's rejection of Viktor Ahn, through TASS, Russian Skating Union president expressed that they would like to appoint Ahn. In 2022, Russia invited Viktor Ahn to become an advisor to the Skating Union, but he refused due to objections by Ahn's wife. While Russia sports media outlet Sport Express urged Ahn to return to Russia as a leader.
On February 7, Viktor Ahn expressed his position on the controversy over Russian naturalization on his social network service (SNS) after "received a lump-sum payment of the athletes' pension," which the Korea skating coach union pointed out as a moral issue. At first, he thought dual citizenship was possible. However, when he found out that he had to give up his Korean nationality, he decided that it was right to return the Olympic medal pension he received. And before naturalization in Russia, he made a full donation to "children in need of heart surgery and junior athletes in need of rehabilitation and treatment." Since then, some of the pensions have been delivered to the family of Noh Jin-kyu, his junior athlete at the Korean National Sport University, according to a South Korean ice skating official. Ahn then said that he would humbly accept the criticism of choosing naturalization for any reason, but he said he would raise speak out when there is misunderstanding.
On February 9, The Hankyoreh pointed out Seongnam City's negligence in administration in that Ahn's coaching support was exposed in advance in connection with the recruitment of the ice skating team at Seongnam City. While the Korea Skating Coaches Union pointed out that it was not the opinion of the Korean ice skating leaders as a whole, and that it was a serious problem for the media to report the opinions of certain unofficial organizations as the opinions of the entire leaders.
South Korean leadership activities
On April 13, 2023, South Korean media reported as follows. Viktor Ahn will participate as a coach for multiple skaters in the 2023-24 season for the South Korean national team trials. He personally coached young skaters at the Korea National Sport University after the 2022 Beijing Olympics. Among them, seven players from high school and Korea National Sport University wrote him as a leader on the application form for participation in the national team trials. This is Ahn's first official South Korean leadership acitivity.
According to JTBC, Ahn completed the Korea Skating Union's "leader's lesson" in Korea after the 2022 Beijing Olympics. According to the Korea Sports Association and the Korea Skating Union Registration Regulations, which have been changed since April 12, 2021 due to years of "violation of human rights of ice sports" and "ethical controversy of ice coaches" in Korea, even a leader who has obtained a "coach national license" must complete a leader course before he can serve as a leader of the Korea Skating Union.
Conflict with mentor
This issue that has been consistently mentioned due to Ahn's choice of naturalization in Russia is the issues of conflict with his mentor, Jun Myung-kyu, vice president of the Korea Skating Union. According to Korean medias, Professor Jun was the planner of all Ahn's career paths. Jun was Ahn's professor. And he was Ahn's personal coach in 2007. However, Ahn disobeyed the professor Jun's words.
In 2014, his father and Lee Joon-ho, who was the former coach of the national team, said the following. : "Ahn, was set to graduate from Korea National Sport University in 2007. Ahn chose the Seongnam City Hall Short track team that Professor Jun did not want, and the relationship between Professor Jun and Ahn was estranged". During the Olympics, Chang Myung-hee, former president of the Korea Skating Union, also said that Vice-President Jun Myung-kyu had abused his authority, and Ahn was disadvantaged. In fact, the conflict with factional leaders was also mentioned by the South Korean media in 2010. In 2018, Another a Korean skating official commented, "A mere 16 days after Viktor Ahn joined the Seongnam City Hall skating team, he sustained a severe injury during training. Subsequently, Seongnam City Hall suspended the team's operations. Ahn's strained relationship with Jun Myung-kyu, the president of Korea Ice Skating, made it challenging for him to find a suitable place to train and compete within the country."
In March 2014, Professor Jun stepped down as vice-president of the Korean Skaters Union. However, in 2014, Ahn and the Korea Skating Union denied any conflicts or factional issues.
The assault of the women's short track team coach during the 2018 PyeongChang Olympics and the athletes' discord over women's speed skating factions raised the issue of the responsibility of Samsung, which had sponsored the Korea Skating Union and the Korea Skating Union. The Korea Skating Union was investigated by the government, including the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Viktor Ahn and Professor Jun have returned to the agenda. However, in February 2018, Viktor Ahn sent a text message to South Korean Culture, Sports and Tourism Committee Member of parliament Ahn Min-seok. Ahn Min-seok said that Ahn hyun-soo has a good relationship with Professor Jun Myung-kyu, and released it to the South Korean media.
In March 2022, Viktor Ahn said Yonhap News Agency in an interview that he had never been disadvantaged by the Korean Skating Union.
See also
Korea Skating Union
Style
"Ahn is a master of short track speed skating, particularly in controlling the track during competition." - Wu Dajing
"In terms of his racing strategy, when he's following the other skaters, he's not really just following. He's always waiting for that perfect chance to pass." - Chae Ji-hoon
"Viktor Ahn, as he's now called, is the most beautiful short track skating athlete in the world in terms of his technique and the way he skates." "If there is any athlete that is designed for short track, body-type wise, it is him," "If you watch him stand and jog, his pelvic is tilted forward naturally, which is perfect for a skater. He has incredible technique, tons of experience." - Apolo Anton Ohno
Awards and honors
Representing Korea
Ahn was awarded the Outstanding Player Award at the Sports Chosun Coca-Cola Sports Awards in January 2006. After his victory in Torino, he was selected as Player of the Month by the American Sports Academy. He was also named as honorary ambassador for the PyeongChang Winter Olympics bidding committee with Jin Sun-yu.
In 2008, Ahn was selected as the Most Valuable Player with Lee Kyou-hyuk and Yuna Kim by the Korea Skating Union. In the same year, he also received the Men's Team Award at the Asian Sports Awards. with Lee Ho-seok, Song Suk-woo, Oh Se-jong, and Seo Ho-jin.
Ahn was chosen as the ambassador for the Korea Sports Promotion Foundation in 2009.
Representing Russia
In March 2013, Ahn was named as Merited Master of Sport by the Russian Federation.
After his feat in Sochi, Ahn was awarded the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" from Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Medal "For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms"". He was also selected Most Valuable Player in the Sochi Winter Olympics by NBC, and 2014 Athlete of the Year by the Russian edition of 'GQ' magazine. In light of his status as a South Korean-born Russian, Ahn was further named as honorary ambassador for the 2014-2015 Korea-Russia Year of Mutual Visit in 2014.
In 2016, Ahn received the Proud Alumnus Award at his alma mater. He was also inducted into the Korea National Sports University Ice Rink Hall of Fame as the 2006 Winter Olympics champion and the Sochi Walk of Fame as the 2014 Winter Olympics champion.
Personal life
Ahn is married to Woo Nari (), a Korean born in 1983. Nari was a member of Ahn's fan club. Ahn said that her presence and care helped him adapt to Russia. Their daughter was born in December 2015. But his wife, Woo Nari, couldn't endure the life in Russia and missed South Korea, so eventually left Russia. The Russian media reported that his wife wanted to raise their daughter in South Korea, and Viktor Ahn's choice to go to South Korea was influenced by his wife.
Ahn's younger brother is speed skater Ahn Hyun-Jun. He made the Korean national speed skating team for the 2022–23 season. The younger Ahn switched from short track to speed skating in 2021.
Russian citizenship
Ahn trained in Russia and received Russian citizenship to compete for Russia in the 2014 Winter Olympics. Ahn's father stated that the decision was due to lack of support from the South Korean skating association. Prior to moving to Russia, Ahn did not know the Russian language and had no familial ties to Russia. He had considered competing for the United States, but found that the process for gaining Russian citizenship was much easier. He chose "Viktor" as his Russian name as it derived from Victory, and to pay tribute to Viktor Tsoi, a Soviet rock star of ethnic Korean descent.
In South Korea, fury erupted over the loss of Ahn to Team Russia, after his participation in the 2014 Winter Olympics. Several newspapers reported the scorn of the South Korean public and newspaper editors on the actions of the skating federation. Right after the Olympics, the Minister of Sports and President Park Geun-hye of South Korea both promised action in rooting out corruption and feuding at the organization that may have led to Ahn's "defection", in a bid to clean it up in preparation for the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea. In September 2018, Ahn announced his retirement from short track and moved back to South Korea. The South Korean public was generally supportive of Ahn in early 2014, but he also received online bashing amidst controversies at Sochi and in later years. In 2023, Ahn sought a coaching position in South Korea, despite having renounced his South Korean citizenship when becoming Russian. He was denied that position due to significant public opposition.
Political issues
In 2011, Ahn's decision to naturalize became a contentious political issue, with some attributing the responsibility to Seongnam Mayor at the time, Lee Jae-myung. By 2014, Lee defended himself by emphasizing that the state-supervised Korean Skating Union should be held accountable rather than the leaders of Local government. A significant development occurred in February 2022 when Won Hee-ryong, associated with Yoon Suk Yeol's People's Power presidential campaign, asserted that Viktor Ahn's choice to become a Russian national was influenced by Lee Jae-myung. Won Hee-ryong further claimed that the halting of operations for the Seongnam City Hall ice skating team was a disguise for bankruptcy and alleged that 30 billion won from Seongnam City's funds were diverted to acquire Seongnam FC in a bid to boost the mayor's re-election prospects. The Democratic Party of Korea refuted the allegations, deeming them false. Concurrently, Korean ice skating officials emphasized the difficulty in isolating a single cause, especially when injuries and team disbandments coincided with ongoing factional controversies within the ice skating community. As of 2022, Lee Jae-myung faces legal scrutiny for allegedly accepting 17 billion won in unauthorized bribes from companies, masked as donations to Seongnam FC.
Notes
He can restore his South Korean nationality under the South Korean nationality law. In 2003, at the age of 17, he was exempted from military service by winning three gold medals at the Asian Games and finished his four-weeks of basic military training in 2010. For sports personnels who are exempted from active duty are recognized to have completed 34 months of military service if they have spent time as athletes in their field. In September 2018, A South Korean Ministry of National Defense official said in an interview with South Korean media. "Ahn hyun-soo has already completed his military service".
But if Ahn gets his South Korean citizenship back, he has to renounce his Russian citizenship.
In the media
In the 2010–2011 season, Ahn served as a short track commentator for SBS Sports. He covered the World Cup series (#3~#6) and the World Championships.
From 2014 to 2016, he guest-starred in three episodes of Russia's late-night talk show Evening Urgant (episodes S3.E90, S4.E104, S5.E157).
From 2017 to 2018, Ahn guest-starred in the South Korean variety-reality show The Return of Superman (episodes 202~204, 237, 241) with his daughter.
In 2018, he starred in the South Korean variety-reality show Real Man 300 (episodes 1~15, 18).
Other television appearances of Ahn are as follows:
Han Su-jin's Sunday Click (South Korean talk show) - with Jin Sun-yu (episode 49)
Human Docu Love (South Korean documentary) - with wife Woo Nari (episodes 44, 45)
Live Talk Show Taxi (South Korean talk show) - with wife Woo Nari (episode 488)
Detailed results
Olympics results
World Championships Podiums results
Six-time Overall world champion. 20 world titles. 18 gold medals.
Overall points and medals results
World Team Championships
World Cup Podiums results
2 times Overall World Cup winner, 6 time individual distances World Cup winner, 67 World Cup victories
World Cup Ranking Podiums
World Cup medals results
67 Gold medals
37 Silver medals
25 Bronze medals
National competitions
References
External links
Victor An at ShorttrackOnLine.info
Victor An at Olympics.com
Victor An at Olympedia
Victor An at IMDb
1985 births
Living people
Russian male short track speed skaters
South Korean male short track speed skaters
Short track speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic short track speed skaters for Russia
Olympic short track speed skaters for South Korea
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for South Korea
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for South Korea
Olympic medalists in short track speed skating
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Russian people of Korean descent
Naturalised citizens of Russia
South Korean emigrants to Russia
Speed skaters from Seoul
Asian Games medalists in short track speed skating
Short track speed skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Short track speed skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Asian Games silver medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
South Korean male speed skaters
Russian male speed skaters
Universiade medalists in short track speed skating
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class
FISU World University Games gold medalists for South Korea
Universiade bronze medalists for South Korea
Competitors at the 2005 Winter Universiade
Korea National Sport University alumni
Olympic coaches
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20An
|
The European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum), also known as the bee-killer wasp or the bee-eating philanthus (from the now obsolete synonym Philanthus apivorus), is a solitary wasp that lives in the Western Palearctic and Afrotropics. Although the adults of the species are herbivores (feeding on nectar and pollen), the species derives its name from the behaviour of the inseminated females, who hunt Western honey bees. The female places several of its paralysed prey together with an egg in a small underground chamber, to serve as food for the wasp larvae. All members of the genus Philanthus hunt various species of bees, but P. triangulum is apparently the only one that specialises in Western honey bees.
Identification
The European beewolf is a species of solitary wasp with bold yellow and black markings on the abdomen, males have trident-shaped markings between their bluish eyes while the larger females have a reddish stripe behind the eyes and a pale face.
Habitat
The European beewolf is found mainly in areas of open sandy ground in areas such as lowland heathland and coastal dunes. They are infrequently found in clay areas and in Britain have been recorded digging burrows in coal dust and ash and have been found on spoil heaps from coal mining.
Subspecies and distribution
The European beewolf has a wide distribution in the Afrotropical and Western Palearctic zoogeographical regions from Scandinavia to South Africa. In Europe its distribution has been moving northwards as summers have longer periods of warm weather.
There are currently five recognised subspecies:
Philanthus triangulum abdelcader Lepeletier, 1845 northern Africa and the Middle East from Iraq westwards to the Atlantic and the Canary Islands this subspecies also occurs on the Italian island of Lampedusa;
Philanthus triangulum bimaculatus Magretti, 1908 Kenya;
Philanthus triangulum diadema (Fabricius 1781) the Afrotopics;
Philanthus triangulum obliteratus Pic 1917 Algeria and Egypt:
Philanthus triangulum triangulum (Fabricius, 1775) Europe.
Biology
In the more northerly parts of its distribution the European beewolf is univoltine and the flight period is between mid-July and September. In the warmer area in which it occurs there can be more than one generation per year, for example in Central Europe there may be two broods in the summer.
Female European beewolves excavate their burrows in sandy soil or in vertical soil faces in open sunny places and these can be up to a metre in length with no less than three and as many as 34 short side tunnels at the end, each of which contains a brood cell. The material displaced by the burrowing wasp is flicked behind it as it excavates the nest. They nest in aggregations which may have as many as 15,000 burrows. The females hunt honey bees Apis mellifera, which are paralysed with the stinger, the female stinging the prey through the articular membranes which are situated behind the front legs, the female then carries the immobilised bee to the nest in flight between the wasp's legs. On reaching the nest she often hovers over the entrance before slowly descending into the burrow. Each brood cell is provisioned with between one and five honey bees for the larva. After the larva has fed sufficiently it spins a cocoon, the cocoon is attached to the wall of the brood cell at its base. In cooler regions the larva overwinters and the adults emerge the following summer. Other species of bee, other than honey bees, have been reported as prey including Andrena flavipes, Lasioglossum zonulus and Nomada sp in Britain as well as bees of the genera Dasypoda, Halictus and Megachile in continental Europe. Each female may collect up to 100 bees during its flight period.
The humid and warm conditions in the brood cells provide good growth conditions a number of species of mould fungi which can colonise the cells opportunistically from the surrounding soil, especially Aspergillus flavus, which can either infect the larva or the stored immobilised bees and this normally causes the larva to die. Female beewolves protect their offspring against pathogens, and they have evolved strategies to reduce the mortality of their offspring in the brood cell. The first strategy is to apply copious amounts of an anti-condensation secretion from a cephalic gland on to the paralysed bees to reduce water condensation on those bees and thereby delay fungal germination. The second strategy consists of a concentrated release of nitric oxide from the beewolf egg itself once the brood cells is closed by the mother that sterilises the deposited bees by killing actively growing fungi. The third strategy is that the female wasp secretes a whitish substance from specialised glands in its antennae in to the brood cell, this secretion contains symbiotic bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, which are ingested by the larva and before the larva pupates the bacteria are applied to the cocoon to protect the larva from fungal infection.
The males set up territories in vegetation near to the females' nesting aggregations, these territories do not hold any resources to interest the females. The territories are around a quarter of a square metre in extent and are marked with a pheromone from the male's cephalic glands. The males defend these territories from intruding males but the defence does not involve physical contact between the antagonists. Males may have territories which are often close to one another, constituting a form of lek, which allows the females to choose their mates from among the males. The males do not appear to attract the females by using any form of visual display and it is thought that the females choose the males to copulate with based on the quality of the pheromones the male produces. The amount of time the male occupies a territory is dependent on the number of female nests near that territory.
The adult wasps feed on nectar and have been recorded as feeding on nectar from bramble, sea-holly, Erica, thrift, pale toadflax Linaria repens, common ragwort, hemp-agrimony and creeping thistle.
Nests
Niko Tinbergen made a series of carefully designed experiments demonstrating Philanthus identifies its nest by sight.
Status in the UK
This wasp was previously considered to be one of the great aculeate rarities in Britain, with colonies only in sandy habitats on the Isle of Wight and Suffolk. It has undergone an expansion in range, with the wasp now locally common in a steadily increasing number of sites as far north as Yorkshire (2002). The species has RDB2 status (vulnerable) but, if revised, it is now likely that this status will be removed because of its increase in range and population.
See also
Philanthotoxin
References
External links
Semiochemicals of Philanthus triangulum, the European beewolves
Crabronidae
Hymenoptera of Europe
Hymenoptera of Africa
Insects described in 1775
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20beewolf
|
David B. McLane is an American businessman, known primarily as a wrestling promoter and television producer. He was the creator of the GLOW-Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling and WOW-Women Of Wrestling (recognized as WOW! and WOW), both nationally syndicated series. He also created the ESPN series of the World Roller Hockey League, Pro Beach Hockey and the Triple Crown of Polo. All of these programs are termed "properties" under his company banner David McLane Enterprises, Inc.
Early life
McLane grew up watching professional wrestling on television with his older brothers and attended live events in his hometown of Indianapolis. As a teenager he launched the Dick the Bruiser Fan Club, selling photographs of the wrestling star and other local professional wrestlers through mail order. Bruiser brought McLane in to work in the office of Bruiser's Indianapolis-based wrestling promotion World Wrestling Association (WWA). There he learned the ropes of promotion and marketing, eventually became the ring announcer and match commentator. McLane attended Indiana University.
While continuing to work for the WWA, McLane started his own promotional company to promote live events and concerts throughout the Midwest, including the stadium presentation of the Budweiser Country Concert Tour and marketing of such groups as New Edition in select markets.
GLOW-Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling (1986-1992)
McLane began the first-ever all women's wrestling television program in 1986, the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling (GLOW). GLOW was a syndication ratings success, achieving superior ratings to the WWF's syndicated Superstars series, which launched at the same time and was frequently shown in adjacent timeslots on the same stations. Shot in a showroom at the Riviera Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, the show garnered a cult following. McLane served as the ring announcer, solo play by play announcer and owner of the company.
The strong cult following led Netflix to produce GLOW (TV series) based on McLane's original creation. The series, produced by Orange is the New Black creator Jenji Kohan launched on June 23, 2017. Netflix's second season of GLOW was released for streaming on June 29, 2018.
Roller Hockey
After selling GLOW, McLane partnered with ESPN for the creation of the World Roller Hockey League (WRHL) in 1992; the first made-for-television roller hockey league in the United States. He arranged for these events to be sponsored by Franklin Sports and Walt Disney World where the resort staged the events from their MGM Studios grounds. McLane merged the WRHL with another roller hockey start-up, Roller Hockey International and introduced Pepsi and Taco Bell to this niche sports marketplace through a league sponsorship.
In 1997, McLane again partnered with ESPN to create Pro Beach Hockey (PBH), with over 156 hours of original programming for ESPN. By holding the events at a beach venue, he got the sport out of enclosed arenas and into a more accessible open air environment. The presentation has been compared to the X Games.
WOW-Women of Wrestling (2000-present)
In 2000, McLane ventured back to his passion of women's wrestling and created the WOW!-Women Of Wrestling television series. Shot at the Great Western Forum, WOW! was syndicated in 100 markets, becoming the number one rated syndicated wrestling program in the markets of New York City and Los Angeles.
McLane and his business partner, Jeanie Buss re-packaged WOW! in 2011 and aired its programs in select cities. Live events were staged in 2012 and 2013 in Las Vegas at the Eastside Cannery Casino and Hotel. In December 2014, WOW! announced their launch into digital media with a 2015 marketed platform as "WOW Superheroes".
New content was produced in 2016 from the Belasco Theater in Los Angeles for distribution on the company's [WOWE.com] website. On April 20, 2017, MGM Television Studios, headed by Mark Burnett formed a partnership with McLane and Buss to produce and distribute new content across a number of media platforms.
On June 18, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter announced McLane and his business partners Jeanie Buss and Mark Burnett contracted with Mark Cuban's AXS TV for the broadcast of WOW live events commencing in early 2019. In summer of 2019 AXS TV CEO Andrew Simon announced in a live broadcast Women of Wrestling scored the highest ratings and social media engagement of any program in the 17 year history of the cable network.
On October 6, 2021, on top of the Circa Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, ViacomCBS Global Distribution President Dan Cohen, alongside McLane and WOW Executive Producers Jeanie Buss and AJ Mendez announced ViacomCBS had entered into a multi-year distribution agreement for WOW. For McLane this historic and exclusive media rights deal gives WOW the biggest distribution opportunities for the U.S. and abroad in the history of women's professional wrestling.
Polo
In 2003, McLane developed another new venture with ESPN, the Triple Crown of Polo (TCP). The championship series was broadcast domestically on ESPN2 during weekends and internationally to 196 markets in twelve different languages by the ESPN International network through 2009. Marketing partnerships with high end sponsors Tiffany & Co. and Lexus helped propel the TCP to one of the most prestigious tournaments within the "Sport of Kings." In 2019, the Aspen Valley Polo Club hosted Team Audi defeating Team Flexjet to win the TCP season-finale.
In the last weekend of August 2021, fans attending the Aspen Valley Polo Club witnessed Team TonKawa headed by Jeff Hidebrand, Marc Ganzi, Gonzalito Pieres and Juan Bollini defeat Team NetJets by 9-8 in overtime to take the Aspen leg of the World Polo League Triple Crown of Polo.
Marketing
With his history of taking products from concept to market, in 2008, McLane was retained by a start-up non-pharmaceutical/nutraceutical products company to manage its start up. Following the completion of clinical trials, McLane oversaw the entry of three products into the U.S. market through direct-response TV, online, and print media. The company's cornerstone product, an appetite suppressant, named Livea is patent pending and was endorsed by NBC's The Biggest Loser 3rd season runner-up Kai Hibbard.
References
Further reading
External links
David McLane's production company
ESPN's Triple Crown of Polo
Women of Wrestling
American businesspeople
Indiana University alumni
Living people
Professional wrestling promoters
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20McLane
|
This is a list of newspapers in Georgia.
Caucasian Journal (Tbilisi), online, published in English with versions in Georgian and Armenian languages.
Netgazeti
Publika
24 Saati (24 საათი) (Tbilisi)
Akhali Epoka
Akhali Gazeti
Alia (Tbilisi)
The Financial (Tbilisi), weekly English-language newspaper
Georgia Today (Tbilisi), a biweekly English-language paper
The Georgian Times (Tbilisi), a weekly English-language paper
Kviris Palitra
The Messenger
Mtavari Gazeti
Rezonansi (რეზონანსი)
Sakartvelos Respublika
Svobodnaya Gruziya
Vrastan (Tbilisi) — an official Armenian-language newspaper of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Georgia. Some Georgian.
See also
List of newspapers
Media of Georgia#Print media
References
01
Newspapers
Georgia (country)
Mass media companies of Georgia (country)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Georgia%20%28country%29
|
This is a list of newspapers in Georgia, US.
List of newspapers
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Locale
! Year est.
! Frequency
! Publisher/parent company
! Notes
|-
| Advance
| Vidalia
|
|
|
|
|-
| Albany Herald
| Albany
|
| Sunday - Friday
| Southern Community Newspapers, Inc. (SCNI)
| Newspaper in Albany, Georgia, United States, and serves as the county's official legal organ.
|-
| 'Alma Times|Alma
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Athens Banner-Herald|Athens
|
| Daily
|Morris Communications Company
|
|-
| Americus Times-Recorder| Americus
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Atkinson County Citizen|Atkinson
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Atlanta Daily World| Atlanta
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Atlanta Inquirer|Atlanta
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Atlanta Journal-Constitution| Atlanta
| 1868
| Daily
|
| Began as Constitution in 1868; merged with Journal in 2001 to form Journal-Constitution|-
| Atlanta Voice|Atlanta
|1966
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Augusta Chronicle| Augusta
| 1785
| Daily
| Morris Communications Company
| Began as Augusta Gazette in 1785
|-
|The Augusta Press|Augusta
|2021
|Daily
|
|
|-
| Barnesville Herald-Gazette|Barnesville
|1867
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Berrien Press|Nashville
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Blackshear Times| Blackshear
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Brunswick News| Brunswick
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Bryan County News|Fitzgerald
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Cairo Messenger| Cairo
|
|
|
|
|-
| Calhoun Times|Calhoun
|1870
|Weekly
|Times-Journal Inc
|
|-
| Camilla Enterprise| Camilla
|
|
|
|
|-
| Catoosa County News|Ringgold
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Champion Newspaper|Decatur
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Charlton County Herald|Folkston
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Cherokee Tribune & Ledger|Canton
|
|Daily
|
|
|-
| Citizen|Fayetteville
|
|Weekly
|
|-
| Clayton News| Jonesboro
| 1950
| Wednesday
| Times-Journal Inc
| Published once a week newspaper in Clayton County, Georgia, United States, and serves as the county's official legal organ.
|-
| Clayton Tribune| Clayton, Georgia
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Clinch County News|Homerville
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Coastal Courier|Hinesville, Georgia
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Cochran Journal|Cochran
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Colonnade| Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Cordele Dispatch| Cordele
|
| Tuesdays-Fridays & Sundays
|
|
|-
| Courier Herald|Dublin
|1876
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Covington News| Covington
|
| Wednesday, Friday & Sunday
|
|
|-
| Creative Loafing| Atlanta
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| The Crossroads Chronicle|Swainsboro
|
| Wednesday
|
|
|-
| CrossRoadsNews| South DeKalb/East Metro Atlanta
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Daily Citizen| Dalton
|
| Daily
| Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.
|
|-
| Daily Tribune News|Cartersville
|
|Daily
|
|
|-
| Dawson County News|Dawsonville
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Dodge County News|Eastman
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Donalsonville News| Donalsonville
|
|
|
|
|-
| Douglas Enterprise|Douglas
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Dunwoody Crier|Alpharetta
|
|Weekly
|Appen Media Group
|
|-
| Early County News| Blakely
|
|
|
|
|-
| Effingham Herald|Rincon
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Elberton Star|Elberton
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Fannin Sentinel| Blue Ridge
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Forest-Blade|Swainsboro
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Forsyth County News|
|
|Wed/Fri/Sun
|
|
|-
| Franklin County Citizen-Leader|Lavonia
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Fulton County Daily Report| Atlanta
| |
|
|
|
|-
|George-Anne| Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Georgia Fire News| Georgia
|
|
|
|
|-
| Georgia Post|Roberta
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Gwinnett Daily Post| Lawrenceville
|
| Wednesday, Friday & Sunday
| Times-Journal Inc
| Newspaper in Lawrenceville, Georgia, United States, and serves as the county's official legal organ.
|-
| Hartwell Sun| Hartwell
|
|
|
|
|-
| Henry Herald| McDonough
| 1847
| Wednesday, Saturday/Sunday
| Times-Journal Inc
| Henry County’s News Source Since 1874. Published twice weekly newspaper in McDonough, Georgia, United States, and serves as the county's official legal organ.
|-
| Herald-Leader|Fitzgerald
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Houston Home Journal|Perry
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Jackson Herald|Jefferson
|
|Weekly
|MainStreet Newspapers Inc.
|
|-
| Jackson Progress-Argus|Jackson
|
|Wednesday
|Times-Journal Inc
|Newspaper in Jonesboro, Georgia, United States, and serves as the county's official legal organ.
|-
| Jeff Davis Ledger|Hazlehurst
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Jones County News|Gray
|1895
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| LaGrange Daily News| LaGrange
|
|
|
|
|-
| Lake Oconee Breeze|Milledgeville
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Lanier County News|Lakeland
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Lee County Ledger| Leesburg
| 1978
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Ledger-Enquirer| Columbus
| 1828
| Daily
| McClatchy Company
| Began as Columbus Enquirer in 1828, became daily Ledger-Enquirer in 1988
|-
| Marietta Daily Journal| Marietta
|
|
|
|
|-
| Miller County Liberal| Colquitt
|
|
|
|
|-
| Morgan County Citizen| Madison
|
|
|
|
|-
| Metter Advertiser|Metter
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Monticello News|Monticello
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Moultrie Observer| Moultrie
|
|
| Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.
|
|-
| Newnan Times-Herald| Newnan
|
|
|
|
|-
| News-Observer|Blue Ridge
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| News-Reporter|Washington
|
|Weekly
|Wilkes Publishing Co., Inc.
|Merger of The Washington News and The Washington Reporter
|-
| Northeast Georgian|Cornelia
|
|Weekly
|Community Newspapers Inc.
|
|-
| Ocilla Star| Ocilla
|
|
|
|
|-
| Pelham Journal| Pelham
|
|
|
|
|-
| Post-Searchlight | Bainbridge
|
|
|
|
|-
| Quitman Free Press|Quitman
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| Red and Black| University of Georgia, Athens
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Rockdale-Newton Citizen| Conyers
|
| Wednesday & Sunday
| Times-Journal Inc
| Newspaper in Conyers, Georgia, United States, and serves as Rockdale county's official legal organ.
|-
| Rockdale News| Conyers
|
| Saturday
|
|
|-
| Rome News-Tribune| Rome
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Savannah Morning News| Savannah
| 1850
| Daily
| Morris Communications Company
|
|-
| Statesboro Herald| Statesboro
|
| Daily
|
|
|-
| Sylvester Local News| Sylvester
| 1884
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Technique| Georgia Tech, Atlanta
|
| Weekly
|
|
|-
| Telegraph| Macon
|
| Daily
| McClatchy Company
|
|-
| Thomasville Times-Enterprise| Thomasville
|
| Daily
| Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.
|
|-
| Tifton Gazette| Tifton
|
| Mondays, Wednesdays & Fridays
| Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.
|
|-
| Times-Courier|Ellijay
|1875
|Weekly
|Times-Courier Publishing Co.
|
|-
| Times-Georgian|Carrollton
|
|Daily
|
|
|-
| Toccoa Record| Toccoa
| 1873
| Weekly
| Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.
|
|-
| Tribune and Georgian|St. Marys
|
|Weekly
|
|
|-
| True Citizen|Waynesboro
|
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| Today News Africa| Georgia
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18th century
Newspapers published in 18th-century Augusta, Georgia
Augusta Herald. W., July 17, 1799-Dec. 31, 1800+
Georgia. The Augusta Chronicle And Gazette Of The State. W., Apr. 11, 1789-Dec. 27, 1800+
The Georgia State Gazette, Or, Independent Register. W., Sept. 30, 1786-Apr. 11, 1789.
Southern Centinel And Gazette Of The State. W., Dec. 5, 1793-Nov. 7, 1799.
Newspapers published in 18th-century Savannah, Georgia
Columbian Museum & Savannah Advertiser. S.W., Mar. 4, 1796-Dec. 29, 1800+
The Gazette Of The State Of Georgia. W., Jan. 30, 1783-Oct. 16, 1788.
The Georgia Gazette. W., Apr. 7, 1763-Feb. 7, 1776.
Georgia Gazette. W., Oct. 23, 1788-Dec. 25, 1800+
The Royal Georgia Gazette''. W., Jan. 21, 1779-June 6, 1782.
Defunct
See also
Georgia media
List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state)
List of television stations in Georgia (U.S. state)
Media of cities in Georgia: Athens, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Savannah
Journalism:
:Category:Journalists from Georgia (U.S. state)
University of Georgia Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, in Athens
Literature of Georgia (U.S. state)
References
Bibliography
(+ List of titles 50+ years old)
(Includes information about weekly rural newspapers in Georgia)
External links
(Digitized issues of historical newspapers)
(Subject guide)
. (Includes "Editors & Owners," "Writers & Cartoonists")
. (Survey of local news existence and ownership in 21st century)
(Directory ceased in 2017)
(Includes Georgia newspapers)
Georgia
Newspapers
Georgia
Newspapers
Georgia
Georgia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Georgia%20%28U.S.%20state%29
|
The Electron-Land Cup is a Go competition.
Outline
The Electron-Land Cup is sponsored by Korean Economic News, Baduk TV, and Cyber Kiwon. The format is lightning knockout. The tournament consists of 24 players split into 3 groups of 8. The first group is the Blue Dragon (Cheong-ryong), for players who are 25 or under. The White Tiger (Baekho), for players who are from 26 to 50 years old. The last group is the Phoenix (Bonghwang) for players 50 or above. The komidashi is 6.5 points, and the time limits are 20 minutes for each player plus byo-yomi. The final is a best of three match. The winner's purse is 40 million SKW/$42,500.
Past winners
Go competitions in South Korea
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-Land%20Cup
|
In political jargon, a self-licking ice cream cone is a self-perpetuating system that has no purpose other than to sustain itself. The phrase appeared to have been first used in 1991–1992, in a book about Gulf War weapons systems by Norman Friedman, and On Self-Licking Ice Cream Cones, a paper by Pete Worden about NASA's bureaucracy, to describe the relationship between the Space Shuttle and Space Station.
Since then, the term has been used to describe the purported habit of government-funded organisations and programs spending taxpayer money to lobby for more funding from the taxpayer. Other things compared have included financial bubbles, chatshows and reality television. In The Irish Times, Kevin Courtney observed that "many organisations are also stuck in limbo, destined to keep lurching on without ever achieving their stated goal. That’s because their real goal is simply to carry on regardless." The Cold War infrastructure has also been compared to a self-licking ice cream cone, given that expensive projects continued to be financed long after world communism had ceased to pose a viable threat.
Richard Hoggart used the term to describe certain United Nations programmes.
Franklin C. Spinney used the term to refer to the military–industrial complex.
In sport, the Bowl Alliance was criticised using the term.
See also
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Ultimate Machine
Virtuous circle and vicious circle
Boondoggle
Arms race
Circular reasoning
References
External links
Double-Tongued Dictionary, "self-licking ice cream cone", accessed April 2010 (containing extensive cites of usage)
Political terminology
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-licking%20ice%20cream%20cone
|
List of newspapers in Georgia may refer to:
List of newspapers in Georgia (country)
List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Georgia
|
is a Japanese stage actress and voice actress from Ōta, Tokyo. She is a graduate of the College of Fine Arts at Nihon University. She then moved to Sigma Seven in 1991, and on July 1, 2003, she moved to her current agency, REMAX. From 1987 to the beginning of 1989 her roles were credited under her real name (渕崎 有里子) - the reading is unchanged.
Fuchizaki's roles often range from young boys to cute girls. Her representative roles include Retsu Seiba of Bakusou Kyoudai Let's & Go!!, Ibuki Yagami in Maison Ikkoku, Kazuma Tamura of Ojarumaru, Li Kohran in the Sakura Wars series, Anthy Himemiya in Revolutionary Girl Utena, and Loki in Mythical Detective Loki Ragnarok.
Filmography
Television animation
1984
Persia, the Magic Fairy (Kishin Shinokawa)
Panzer World Galient (Chururu)
1985
Pro Golfer Saru (Mashima Nekosuke)
Musashi no Ken (Musashi Natsuki)
1986
Anmitsu Hime (Manjuu)
Doteraman (Onizou)
Pastel Yumi, the Magic Idol (Keshimaru)
Maison Ikkoku (Ibuki Yagami)
1987
The Three Musketeers Anime (Mimi)
Mami the Psychic (Noriko Momoi)
City Hunter (Nagisa Matsumura)
1988
Osomatsu-kun (Bara Nosei)
1989
Aoi Blink (Rakururu)
Obocchamakun (Tama No Koshi Tsuya Ko Sensei)
Patlabor (Satoru)
City Hunter 3 (Hitomi Takano)
The Adventures of Peter Pan (Michael)
Sally the Witch (1989) (Ayako)
1990
Tasuke, the Samurai Cop (Ninomiya Kintaro)
Oishinbo (Nishino Youko)
Anpanman (Kemurinu)
Chibi Maruko-chan (Hiroaki)
(Polignac, Josephine)
Magical Angel Sweet Mint (Takuto, Waffle)
My Daddy Long Legs (Emily)
1991
Himitsu no Hanazono (Jiein)
Ekubo Ouji (Ekubo)
City Hunter '91 (Mami Asaka)
Jankenman (Genta)
Dororonpa! (Daifuku Tera Anko)
Magical Princess Minky Momo (Maria)
Watashi to Watashi: Futari no Lotte (Martin)
Warau Salesman (Ware Kan Machiko)
1992
Tomatoman (Meronpurinsu, Kon Jr.)
Sailor Moon (Sakiko)
1993
Ghost Sweeper Mikami (Chiho)
Little Women II: Jo's Boys (Rob)
1994
Tonde Burin (Tonrariano the 3rd, Narrator)
Soreike! Anpanman (Howaitokurimu Hime, Poporu)
Sailor Moon S (Cyprine)
1995
Zenki (Nasu Isshi)
Nurse Angel Ririka SOS (Dewey)
Bit the Cupid (Bit)
1996
Soreike! Anpanman (Kotecchan, Supana-kun)
Bakusō Kyōdai Let's & Go!! (Retsu Seiba)
Rurouni Kenshin (Young Sanosuke Sagara)
1997
Revolutionary Girl Utena (Anthy Himemiya)
Grander Musashi (Rozumari)
Ninpen Manmaru (Atsupirun)
Bakusou Kyoudai Let's & Go WGP (Retsu Seiba)
1998
Oh My Goddess! (Megumi Morisato)
Ojarumaru (Kazuma Tamura, Obaasan, Shufu, Kodomo, Okusan, Joou Ari)
Bakusou Kyoudai Let's & Go MAX (Retsu Seiba)
1999
Shuukan!! Storyland (Kobayashi Mayumi, Ooshima Senka)
Bomberman B-Daman Bakugaiden Victory (Hiroinbon)
Ojamajo Doremi (Mimi)
2000
Carried by the Wind: Tsukikage Ran (Sakura)
Sakura Wars TV (Li Kohran)
2001
Shaman King (Melos)
Fruits Basket (Hiro Sohma)
2003
Gunslinger Girl (Patrizia)
Cheeky Angel (Yuusuke Yasuda)
Human Crossing (Someya Satoshi)
Pluster World (Tan-Q)
The Mythical Detective Loki Ragnarok (Loki)
Someday's Dreamers (Narrator of Instructional Video)
2004
Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo (Jiruba Kasutanetto)
Shura no Mon (Oume)
Monster (Young Petr Capek)
Legendz (Halca Hepburn)
2005
The Snow Queen (Kurisuteine)
2006
Ah! My Goddess: Flights of Fancy (Megumi Morisato)
Pretty Cure Splash Star (Moop, Michiru Kiryu)
We Were There (Yano's Mother)
Kaiketsu Zorori (Pepero)
Yōkai Ningen Bem (Kisaragi Ryouko)
2007
Dinosaur King (Roto, Parapara)
Maple Story (Zukka)
2008
Ancient Ruler Dinosaur King DKidz Adventure: Pterosaur Legend (Roto, Parapara, Tatsunoanmo, Darutanian)
2009
Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables (Miss Keru)
2011
Natsume's Book of Friends (Menashi No Youkai)
2012
Digimon Fusion (Bakomon)
Saint Seiya Omega (Nguyen)
2013
Toriko (Sen Ryu)
Case Closed (Toba Hatsuho)
2016
Keijo!!!!!!!! (Ayako Sakashiro)
2017
The Art of 18 (Mari Kaneda)
Original video animation (OVA)
Bastard!! (Rushe Renren)
Gunbuster (Kimiko Higuchi)
Oh My Goddess! (Megumi Morisato)
Plastic Little (Tita)
Sol Bianca (June Ashel)
Theatrical animation
Adolescence of Utena (Anthy Himemiya)
Ah! My Goddess: The Movie (Megumi Morisato)
Akira (Kaori)
Crayon Shin-chan: Adventure in Henderland (Topema Mappet)
Kiki's Delivery Service (Ket)
Night on the Galactic Railroad (Tadashi)
Video games
Arc the Lad III (Theo)
Azure Dreams (Patty, Weedy)
Dragon Force (Reinhart of Tradnor)
Eve: Burst Error (Misumi Kagawa)
Eve: Burst Error Plus (Misumi Kagawa)
Eve: Ghost Enemies (Misumi Kagawa)
Kingdom Hearts (Wendy Darling)
Klonoa 2: Lunatea's Veil (Leorina)
Klonoa Beach Volleyball (Leorina)
Klonoa Phantasy Reverie Series (Leorina)
Mario + Rabbids Sparks of Hope ( Rabbid Peach, JEANIE)
Puyo Puyo Fever 2 (Sig)
Puyo Puyo! 15th Anniversary (Sig)
Puyo Puyo 7 (Sig)
Puyo Puyo!! 20th Anniversary (Sig, Black Sig)
Puyo Puyo Tetris (Sig)
Sakura Wars Series (Li Kohran)
Shōjo Kakumei Utena: Itsuka Kakumeisareru Monogatari (Anthy Himemiya)
Sword of the Berserk: Guts' Rage (Puck)
Super Adventure Rockman (Cutman, Iceman)
Films
Typhoon Club (Midori Morisaki)
Dubbing
Live-action
The Blue Lagoon (1983 TBS edition), Young Emmeline (Elva Josephson)
Dune, Chani (Sean Young)
Falling Down (1997 TV Asahi edition), Angie (Karina Arroyave)
Hairspray, Tracy Turnblad (Nikki Blonsky)
Kramer vs. Kramer, Billy Kramer (Justin Henry)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Kelly Curtis (Vanessa Lee Chester)
Mac and Me, Courtney (Tina Caspary)
Scooby-Doo, Velma Dinkley (Linda Cardellini)
Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, Velma Dinkley (Linda Cardellini)
Scream, Tatum Riley (Rose McGowan)
Village of the Damned, David McGowen (Thomas Dekker)
Animation
Peter Pan, Wendy Darling
References
External links
Yuriko Fuchizaki at Ryu's Seiyuu Infos
1968 births
Living people
Japanese child actresses
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Nihon University alumni
Voice actresses from Tokyo Metropolis
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuriko%20Fuchizaki
|
This article lists the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as they were at the end of 1954. It is essentially the same calendar established by Pope Pius X (1903–1914) following his liturgical reforms, but it also incorporates changes that were made by Pope Pius XI (1922–1939), such as the institution of the Feast of Christ the King (assigned to the last Sunday in October), and the changes made by Pope Pius XII (1939–1958) prior to 1955, chief among them the imposition of the Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary upon the universal Church (August 22, on the existing octave day of the Assumption) in 1944, the inscription of Pius X into the General Calendar (September 3) following his 1954 canonization, and the institution of the Feast of the Queenship of Mary (May 31) in October 1954.
The changes that the latter Pope made in 1955 are indicated in General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII. They included: a revision of the Church's traditional ranking of liturgical days; the institution of the feast of St. Joseph the Worker on May 1 as a Double of the I Class, requiring the transfer of Ss. Philip and James to May 11; the suppression of the Solemnity of Saint Joseph, which for just over a century had been celebrated on the second Wednesday after the Octave of Easter. A total of fifteen Octaves—all those except Easter, Pentecost, and Christmas—were also suppressed in the reform of 1955, as were most vigils (specifically, the vigils of all apostles save for that of Ss. Peter and Paul, and the vigils of the Immaculate Conception, Epiphany, and All Saints).
Five years later, Pope John XXIII made a further revision with the motu proprio Rubricarum instructum of July 23, 1960. This revision, the General Roman Calendar of 1960, was incorporated in the Roman Missal of 1962, which was issued as implementation of this motu proprio The 1960 calendar is thus the calendar approved by Pope Benedict XVI with his July 7, 2007 document Summorum Pontificum for use as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite.
The General Roman Calendar was again revised in 1969, in connection with the revision of the Roman Missal, and later. For its current state, see General Roman Calendar.
For most of the celebrations here listed, the Mass is found in the Roman Missal of the time in the section called the "Proper of the Saints", but for those occurring from 24 December to 13 January it is found in the "Proper of the Season", as these days do not move with respect to the seasons of the Church year. The Offices of these feasts are likewise arranged in the Breviary.
While the General Calendar of 1954 is generally not authorized for liturgical use by traditional groups in communion with the Holy See, some sedevacantists continue to use it, as well as Old Roman Catholics, as their members consider it to be the last calendar untainted by the revisions that began in 1955. Indults have been granted, however, to certain communities in full communion with Rome, such as some apostolates of the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest and the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter.
Rank of feast days
The ranking of feast days that had grown from an original division between doubles and simples and that by the time of the Tridentine Calendar included semidoubles, with Pope Clement VIII adding in 1604 to the distinction between first and second class doubles the new rank of greater double, was in until 1955, when Pope Pius XII abolished the rank of semidouble.
The rank of feast days determines which Mass is said when two feast days occur on the one day, as well as when a feast day falls on Sundays or certain other privileged days. Feast days were classified as Simple, Semidouble, or Double, with feast days of the Double Rite further divided into Double of the I Class, Double of the II Class, Greater Double or Major Double, and Double, in order of descending rank. On ferias and many feast days of simple rank, the celebrant was permitted to substitute a Mass of his own choice such as a votive Mass, or a Mass for the Dead.
What the original meaning of the term "double" may have been is not entirely certain. Some think that the greater festivals were thus styled because the antiphons before and after the psalms were "doubled", i.e. twice repeated entire on these days. Others, with more probability, point to the fact that before the ninth century in certain places, for example at Rome, it was customary on the greater feast days to recite two sets of Matins, the one of the feria or week-day, the other of the festival. Hence such days were known as "doubles".
The Catholic Encyclopedia of the early years of the twentieth century shows the incremental crowding of the calendar (which had increased further by 1954) in the following table based on the official revisions of the Roman Breviary in 1568, 1602, 1631, 1882 and on the situation in 1907.
In 1907, when, in accordance with the rules in force since the time of Pope Pius V, feast days of any form of double, if impeded by falling on the same day with a feast day of higher class, were transferred to another day, this classification of feast days was of great practical importance for deciding which feast day to celebrate on any particular day. Pope Pius X simplified matters considerably in his 1911 reform of the Roman Breviary. In the case of occurrence the lower-ranking feast day could become a commemoration within the celebration of the higher-ranking one. Further retouches were made by Pope Pius XII in 1955, Pope John XXIII in 1960, and Pope Paul VI in 1969.
Sundays
Sundays were divided into greater and lesser Sundays, with the greater Sundays being further divided into two classes. The Greater Sundays of the I class were the I Sunday of Advent, the four Sundays of Lent, Passion Sunday, Palm Sunday, Easter Sunday, Low Sunday, and Pentecost. No feast day whatsoever could be celebrated on these days, although they admitted commemorations except on Easter and Pentecost. Greater Sundays of the II class permitted the celebration of Doubles of the I Class only, and consisted of the other three Sundays in Advent and the three pre-Lenten Sundays. All other Sundays (II to V after Easter and the Sundays after Epiphany and Pentecost, except for those that might occur during an Octave, which followed the rules for the Octave), were lesser Sundays or Sundays per annum ("through the year"), and only the celebration of Doubles of the I or II Class, or a feast of the Lord, took precedence over them. The Sunday within the Octave of the Nativity was a special case, due to the fixed date of Christmas and the high rank of the feast days following it. If December 29, 30, or 31 were a Sunday, the Mass assigned to it was celebrated on that day; otherwise, it was celebrated on December 30.
Before the reform of Pope Pius X in 1911, ordinary Doubles took precedence over most of the Semidouble Sundays, resulting in many of the Sunday Masses rarely being said. While retaining the Semidouble rite for Sundays, the reform permitted only the most important feast days, Doubles of the I or II class, to be celebrated on Sunday. When a feast of the rank of double of the I or II class fell on a Sunday, the Mass would be that of the feast, with a commemoration of the occurring Sunday; the Gospel of the omitted Sunday Mass would be read at the end of Mass instead of the usual Gospel "In principio erat Verbum" of St. John. When a feast of a rank lower than that occurred with a Sunday, the feast would be commemorated in the Sunday Mass by including a commemoration of the feast, and its Gospel would be read at the end of Mass, provided it was a "proper" Gospel, i.e. one not taken from the Common.<ref>Additiones et Variationes in Rubricis Missalis, IX, 3.</ref>
Following the reform of Pope Pius X, only three feasts were assigned to a Sunday: the feast days of the Holy Name, the Holy Family, and the Most Holy Trinity. A fourth, Christ the King, was added in 1925.
Ferias
Ferias also were classified into three categories:
Greater privileged ferias: Ash Wednesday and Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of Holy Week. No feast day could be celebrated on these days.
Greater non-privileged ferias: The ferias of Advent, Lent, and Passion Week, Rogation Monday, and the Ember Days. Any feast day except a Simple could occur on these days, with a commemoration of the feria.
On all other ferias, any feast day of whatever rank could be celebrated without any commemoration of the feria.
Ember Days are four separate sets of three days within the same week — specifically, the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday — roughly equidistant in the circuit of the year, that were formerly set aside for fasting and prayer. These days set apart for special prayer and fasting were considered especially suitable for the ordination of clergy. The Ember Days are known in Latin as quatuor tempora (the "four seasons"), or jejunia quatuor temporum'' ("fasts of the four seasons"). They occur in the weeks between the third and fourth Sundays of Advent, between the first and second Sundays of Lent, between Pentecost and Trinity Sunday, and beginning the first Wednesday after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (September 14), which is between the liturgical third and fourth Sundays of September.
Rogation Days are, in the calendar of the Western Church, four days traditionally set apart for solemn processions to invoke God's mercy. They are April 25, the Major Rogation (or Greater Litanies), coinciding with St. Mark's Day (but transferred to the following Tuesday if they fell on Easter); and the three days preceding Ascension Thursday, the Minor Rogations (or Lesser Litanies). These are indicated below in the main body of the calendar and in the Movable Feasts section.
Vigils
In the Tridentine Calendar the vigils of Christmas, the Epiphany, and Pentecost were called "major vigils"; the rest were "minor" or "common" vigils In early times, every feast day had a vigil, but the increase in the number of feast days and abuses connected with the evening and night service of which the vigils originally consisted, led to their diminishment. Nevertheless, the Roman Rite kept many more vigils than other Latin liturgical rites such as the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite. If a Vigil fell on a Sunday, it was transferred to the previous Saturday, although the Vigil of Christmas took precedence over the IV Sunday of Advent.
Prior to the suppression of some vigils by Pope Pius XII in 1955, there were three classes of Vigils. The Vigils of Christmas and Pentecost were of the I class, and took precedence over any feast day. The Vigil of Epiphany was of the II class, and permitted only Doubles of the I or II classes, or any feast of the Lord. All other vigils were "common" and took precedence only over ferias and Simple feast days, but were anticipated on Saturday if they fell on Sunday. Most feasts of the Apostles had Vigils; the exceptions being those that fell in Eastertide, when Vigils were not permitted. The Vigil of St. Matthias was unique, in that it was normally commemorated on February 23, the feast day of St. Peter Damian, but in leap year, was kept on February 24, the traditional leap day of the Roman calendar.
Octaves
The Tridentine Calendar had many octaves, without any indication in the calendar itself of distinction of rank between them, apart from the fact that the Octave Day (the final day of the octave) was ranked higher than the days within the octave. Several octaves overlapped, so that, for instance, on 29 December the prayer of the saint of the day, Saint Thomas Becket, was followed by the prayers of Christmas, of Saint Stephen, of Saint John the Evangelist and of the Holy Innocents. The situation remained such until the reform of Pope Pius X.
To cut down on the monotony of repeating the same prayers in Mass and Office every day for eight days, Pope Pius X classified the octaves as "privileged", "common" or "simple"
The privileged octaves were of three "ranks". The first rank belonged to the octaves of Easter and Pentecost (no feast day could be celebrated in these octaves or even, until Vespers on Tuesday, be commemorated), the second to those of Epiphany and Corpus Christi (the Octave Day ranked as a Greater Double, the days within the octave as Semidoubles, giving way only to Doubles of the I Class, and on the Octave day itself only to a Double of the I class that was celebrated in the entire Church), the third rank to those of Christmas, the Ascension, and the Sacred Heart (these gave way to any feast day above the level of Simple).
The common octaves were those of the Immaculate Conception, the Assumption, the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, the Solemnity of Saint Joseph, Saints Peter and Paul, and All Saints, as well as, locally, the principal patron saint of a church, cathedral, order, town, diocese, province, or nation. These too gave way to any feast day above the level of Simple; the difference between these and the third privileged rank was that ferial psalms were said during common octaves, while the psalms from the feast day were used during privileged octaves.
The simple octaves were those of Saint Stephen, Saint John the Evangelist, the Holy Innocents, Saint Lawrence, the Nativity of Mary and, locally, secondary patrons. These were all Doubles of the II class, their Octave day was a Simple and, in contrast to the situation before Pope Pius X, their Mass was not repeated nor a Commemoration made, except on the Octave day, as simple Octaves had no days within the Octave.
In Pope Pius XII's reform, only the octaves of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost were kept. The days within the Easter and Pentecost octaves were raised to double rite, had precedence over all feast days, and did not admit commemorations.
January
1: Circumcision of the Lord and Octave of the Nativity, Double of the II Class.
2: Octave of St. Stephen Protomartyr, Simple.
3: Octave of St. John Apostle and Evangelist, Simple.
4: Octave of the Holy Innocents Martyrs, Simple.
5: Vigil of the Epiphany, Semidouble, Com. of St. Telesphorus Pope and Martyr.
6: Epiphany of the Lord, Double of the I Class with a privileged Octave of the II rank.
7: Of the II day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semidouble.
8: Of the III day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semidouble.
9: Of the IV day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semidouble.
10: Of the V day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semidouble.
11: Of the VI day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semidouble, Com. of St. Hyginus Pope and Martyr.
12: Of the VII day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semidouble.
13: Octave of the Epiphany, Greater Double.
14: St. Hilary Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of St. Felix Priest and Martyr.
15: St. Paul first hermit, Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Maurus.
16: St. Marcellus I Pope and Martyr, Semidouble.
17: St. Anthony Abbot, Double.
18: Chair of St. Peter Apostle at Rome, Greater Double, Com. of St. Paul Apostle, and of St. Prisca Virgin and Martyr.
19: Ss. Marius, Martha, Audifax, and Abachum Martyrs, Simple, Com. of St. Canute, Martyr.
20: Ss. Fabian Pope and Sebastian Martyrs, Double.
21: St. Agnes, Roman Virgin and Martyr, Double
22: Ss. Vincent and Anastasius Martyrs, Semidouble.
23: St. Raymund of Peñafort Confessor, Semidouble, Com. of St. Emerentiana Virgin and Martyr.
24: St. Timothy Bishop and Martyr, Double.
25: Conversion of St. Paul Apostle, Greater Double, Com. of St. Peter.
26: St. Polycarp Bishop and Martyr, Double.
27: St. John Chrysostom Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
28: St. Peter Nolasco Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Agnes Virgin and Martyr second.
29: St. Francis de Sales Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
30: St. Martina Virgin and Martyr, Semidouble.
31: St. John Bosco Confessor, Double.
Sunday between the Circumcision and Epiphany [or January 2, when no such Sunday occurs]: The most holy Name of Jesus, Double of the II Class.
Sunday within the Octave of the Epiphany: The Most Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, Joseph, Greater Double.
February
1: St. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr, Double.
2: Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class.
3: St. Blase Bishop and Martyr, Simple.
4: St. Andrew Corsini Bishop and Confessor, Double.
5: St. Agatha Virgin Martyr, Double.
6: St. Titus Bishop and Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Dorothy Virgin Martyr.
7: St. Romuald Abbot, Double.
8: St. John of Matha Confessor, Double.
9: St. Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of St. Apollonia Virgin Martyr.
10: St. Scholastica Virgin, Double.
11: Apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary Immaculate, Greater Double.
12: The Seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary Confessors, Double.
13: Feria
14: St. Valentine Priest and Martyr, Simple.
15: Ss. Faustinus and Jovita Martyrs, Simple.
16: Feria
17: Feria
18: St. Simeon Bishop and Martyr, Simple.
19: Feria
20: Feria
21: Feria
22: Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, Greater Double, Com. of St. Paul.
23: St. Peter Damian Confessor, Double, Com. of the Vigil.
24: St. Matthias Apostle, Double of the II Class.
25: Feria
26: Feria
27: St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, Double
28: Feria
In leap year the month of February is of 29 days, and the Feast of St. Matthias is celebrated on the 25th day and the Feast of St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows on the 28th day of February, and twice is said Sexto Kalendas, that is on the 24th day and 25th day; and the dominical letter, which was taken up in the month of January, is changed to the preceding; that, if in January, the dominical letter was A, it is changed to the preceding, which is g, etc.; and the letter f is kept twice, on the 24th and 25th.
March
1: Feria
2: Feria
3: Feria
4: St. Casimir Confessor, Semidouble, Com. of St. Lucius I Pope and Martyr.
5: Feria
6: Ss. Perpetua and Felicity Martyrs, Double.
7: St. Thomas Aquinas Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double.
8: St. John of God Confessor, Double.
9: St. Frances of Rome Widow, Double.
10: The Forty Holy Martyrs, Semidouble.
11: Feria
12: St. Gregory I Pope, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
13: Feria
14: Feria
15: Feria
16: Feria
17: St. Patrick Bishop and Confessor, Double.
18: St. Cyril Bishop of Jerusalem, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
19: St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, and Patron of the Universal Church, Double of the I Class.
20: Feria
21: St. Benedict Abbot, Greater Double.
22: Feria
23: Feria
24: St. Gabriel the Archangel, Greater Double.
25: Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the I Class.
26: Feria
27: St. John Damascene Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double.
28: St. John Capistran Confessor, Semidouble.
29: Feria
30: Feria
31: Feria
Friday after Passion Sunday: Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Greater Double, Com. of the Feria.
April
1: Feria
2: St. Francis of Paula Confessor, Double.
3: Feria
4: St. Isidore Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
5: St. Vincent Ferrer Confessor, Double.
6: Feria
7: Feria
8: Feria
9: Feria
10: Feria
11: St. Leo I Pope, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
12: Feria
13: St. Hermenegild Martyr, Semidouble.
14: St. Justin Martyr, Double, Com. of Saints Tiburtius, Valerian and Maximus, Martyrs.
15: Feria
16: Feria
17: St. Anicetus Pope and Martyr, Simple.
18: Feria
19: Feria
20: Feria
21: St. Anselm Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
22: Ss. Soter and Cajus Popes and Martyrs, Semidouble.
23: St. George Martyr, Semidouble.
24: St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen Martyr, Double.
25: St. Mark Evangelist, Double of the II Class.
26: Ss. Cletus and Marcellinus Popes and Martyrs, Semidouble.
27: St. Peter Canisius Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double.
28: St. Paul of the Cross Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Vitalis Martyr.
29: St. Peter Martyr, Double.
30: St. Catherine of Siena Virgin, Double.
Wednesday within the second week after the Octave of Easter: Solemnity of St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, and Patron of the Universal Church, Double of the I Class with a common Octave (from 1871 to 1954)
May
1: Ss. Philip and James Apostles, Double of the II Class.
2: St. Athanasius, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
3: Invention of the Holy Cross, Double of the II Class, Com. of Ss. Alexander, Pope, Eventius and Theodulus Martyrs, and Juvenal, Bishop and Confessor.
4: St. Monica Widow, Double.
5: St. Pius V Pope and Confessor, Double.
6: St. John Apostle before the Latin Gate, Greater Double.
7: St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr, Double.
8: Apparition of St. Michael, Greater Double
9: St. Gregory Nazianzen Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
10: St. Antoninus Bishop and Confessor, Double, Com. of Ss. Gordian and Epimachus Martyrs.
11: Feria
12: Ss. Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla Virgin, and Pancras Martyrs, Semidouble.
13: St. Robert Bellarmine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
14: St. Boniface Martyr, Simple.
15: St. John Baptist de la Salle Confessor, Double.
16: St. Ubald Bishop and Confessor, Semidouble.
17: St. Paschal Baylon Confessor, Double.
18: St. Venantius Martyr, Double.
19: St. Peter Celestine Pope and Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Pudentiana Virgin.
20: St. Bernardine of Siena Confessor, Semidouble.
21: Feria
22: Feria
23: Feria
24: Feria
25: St. Gregory VII Pope and Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Urban I Pope and Martyr, Double.
26: St. Philip Neri Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Eleutherius Pope and Martyr.
27: St. Bede the Venerable Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Com. of St. John I Pope and Martyr, Double.
28: St. Augustine Bishop and Confessor, Double.
29: St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi Virgin, Semidouble.
30: St. Felix I Pope and Martyr, Simple.
31: Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen Double of the II Class, Com. of St. Petronilla Virgin.
June
1: St. Angela Merici Virgin, Double.
2: Ss. Marcellinus, Peter, and Erasmus Bishop, Martyrs, Simple.
3: Feria
4: St. Francis Caracciolo Confessor, Double.
5: St. Boniface Bishop and Martyr, Double.
6: St. Norbert Bishop and Confessor, Double.
7: Feria
8: Feria
9: Ss. Primus and Felician Martyrs, Simple.
10: St. Margaret Queen, Widow, Semidouble.
11: St. Barnabas Apostle, Greater Double.
12: St. John of San Facundo Confessor, Double, Com. of Ss. Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor and Nazarius Martyrs.
13: St. Anthony of Padua Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double.
14: St. Basil the Great Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
15: Ss. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia Martyrs, Simple.
16: Feria
17: Feria
18: St. Ephraem Syrus Deacon, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of Ss. Mark and Marcellianus Martyrs.
19: St. Juliana Falconieri Virgin, Double, Com. of Ss. Gervase and Protase Martyrs.
20: St. Silverius Pope and Martyr, Simple.
21: St. Aloysius Gonzaga Confessor, Double.
22: St. Paulinus Bishop and Confessor, Double
23: Vigil.
24: The Nativity of St. John the Baptist, Double of the I Class with a common Octave.
25: St. William Abbot, Double, Com. of the Octave.
26: Ss. John and Paul Martyrs, Double, Com. of the Octave.
27: Of the IV day within the Octave of St. John the Baptist, Semidouble.
28: St. Irenaeus Bishop and Martyr, Double, Com. of the Octave and of the Vigil.
29: Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, Double of the I Class with a common Octave.
30: Commemoration of St. Paul Apostle, Greater Double, Com. of St. Peter Apostle and of the Octave of St. John the Baptist.
July
1: The Most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, Double of the I Class, Com. of the Octave day of St. John the Baptist.
2: Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class, Com. of Ss. Processus and Martinian Martyrs.
3: St. Leo II Pope and Confessor, Semidouble, Com. of the Octave of the Holy Apostles.
4: Of the VI day within the Octave of Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, Semidouble.
5: St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria Confessor, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Holy Apostles.
6: Octave of Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, Greater Double.
7: Ss. Cyril and Methodius Bishops and Confessors, Double.
8: St. Elizabeth Queen, Widow, Semidouble.
9: Feria
10: The Seven Holy Brothers Martyrs, Semidouble, and Ss. Rufina and Secunda Virgins and Martyrs.
11: St. Pius I Pope and Martyr, Simple.
12: St. John Gualbert Abbot, Double, Com. of Ss. Nabor and Felix Martyrs.
13: St. Anacletus Pope and Martyr, Semidouble.
14: St. Bonaventure Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
15: St. Henry II Emperor, Confessor, Semidouble.
16: Commemoration of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mt. Carmel, Greater Double.
17: St. Alexius Confessor, Semidouble.
18: St. Camillus de Lellis Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Symphorosa and her seven Sons Martyrs.
19: St. Vincent de Paul Confessor, Double.
20: St. Jerome Emiliani Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Margaret Virgin Martyr.
21: St. Praxedes Virgin, Simple.
22: St. Mary Magdalene Penitent, Double.
23: St. Apollinaris Martyr, Double, Com. of St. Liborius Bishop and Confessor.
24: Vigil. Com. of St. Christina Virgin and Martyr.
25: St. James Apostle, Double of the II Class, Com. of St. Christopher Martyr.
26: St. Anne Mother of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class.
27: St. Pantaleon Martyr, Simple.
28: Ss. Nazarius and Celsus Martyrs, Victor I Pope and Martyr, and St. Innocent I Pope and Confessor, Semidouble.
29: St. Martha Virgin, Semidouble, Com. of Ss. Felix II Pope, Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice Martyrs.
30: Ss. Abdon and Sennen Martyrs, Simple.
31: St. Ignatius Confessor, Greater Double.
August
1: St. Peter in Chains, Greater Double, Com. of St. Paul and the Holy Machabees Martyrs.
2: St. Alphonsus Mary of Liguori Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of St. Stephen I Pope and Martyr.
3: Invention of St. Stephen Protomartyr, Semidouble.
4: St. Dominic Confessor, Greater Double.
5: Dedication of Our Lady of the Snows, Greater Double.
6: Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ, Double of the II Class, Com. of Ss. Sixtus II Pope, Felicissimus and Agapitus Martyrs.
7: St. Cajetan Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Donatus Bishop and Martyr.
8: Ss. Cyriacus, Largus and Smaragdus Martyrs, Semidouble.
9: St. John Vianney Confessor and Priest, Double, Com. of the Vigil and St. Romanus Martyr.
10: St. Laurence Martyr, Double of the II Class with a simple Octave.
11: Ss. Tiburtius and Susanna Virgin, Martyrs, Simple.
12: St. Clare Virgin, Double.
13: Ss. Hippolytus and Cassian Martyrs, Simple.
14: Vigil. Com. of St. Eusebius Confessor.
15: Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the I Class with a common Octave.
16: St. Joachim Father of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, Double of the II Class.
17: St. Hyacinth Confessor, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Assumption and the Octave Day of St. Laurence.
18: Of the IV day within the Octave of the Assumption, Semidouble, Com. of St. Agapitus Martyr.
19: St. John Eudes Confessor, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Assumption.
20: St. Bernard Abbot, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Assumption.
21: St. Jane Frances de Chantal Widow, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Assumption.
22: Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class, Com. of Ss. Timothy, Hippolytus Bishop, and Symphorianus Martyrs.
23: St. Philip Benizi Confessor, Double, Com. of the Vigil.
24: St. Bartholomew Apostle, Double of the II Class.
25: St. Louis King, Confessor, Semidouble.
26: St. Zephyrinus Pope Martyr, Simple.
27: St. Joseph Calasanctius Confessor, Double.
28: St. Augustine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of St. Hermes Martyr.
29: Beheading of St. John the Baptist, Greater Double, Com. of St. Sabina Martyr.
30: St. Rose of St. Mary Virgin of Lima, Double, Com. of Ss. Felix and Adauctus Martyrs.
31: St. Raymond Nonnatus Confessor, Double.
September
1: St. Giles Abbot, Simple, Com. of the Holy Twelve Brothers Martyrs.
2: St. Stephen King, Confessor, Semidouble.
3: St. Pius X Pope and Confessor, Double.
4: Feria
5: St. Laurence Justinian Bishop and Confessor, Semidouble.
6: Feria
7: Feria
8: Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class with a simple Octave, Com. of St. Adrian Martyr.
9: St. Gorgonius Martyr, Simple.
10: St. Nicholas of Tolentino Confessor, Double.
11: Ss. Protus and Hyacinth Martyrs, Simple.
12: The Most Holy Name of Mary, Greater Double.
13: Feria
14: Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Greater Double.
15: Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class, Com. of St. Nicomedes Martyr.
16: St. Cornelius Pope and St. Cyprian Bishop, Martyrs, Semidouble, Com. of Ss. Euphemia Virgin, Lucy and Geminian Martyrs.
17: Impression of the sacred Stigmata of St. Francis Confessor, Double.
18: St. Joseph of Cupertino Confessor, Double.
19: St. Januarius Bishop and Companions Martyrs, Double.
20: St. Eustace and Companions Martyrs, Double, Com. of the Vigil.
21: St. Matthew Apostle and Evangelist, Double of the II Class.
22: St. Thomas of Villanova Bishop and Confessor, Double, Com. of Ss. Maurice and Companions Martyrs.
23: St. Linus Pope and Martyr, Semidouble, Com. of St. Thecla Virgin and Martyr.
24: Our Lady of Ransom, Greater Double.
25: Feria
26: Ss. Cyprian and Justina Virgin, Martyrs, Simple.
27: Ss. Cosmas and Damian Martyrs, Semidouble.
28: St. Wenceslaus Duke, Martyr, Semidouble.
29: Dedication of St. Michael Archangel, Double of the I Class.
30: St. Jerome Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
October
1: St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor, Simple.
2: The Holy Guardian Angels, Greater Double.
3: St. Teresa of the Child Jesus Virgin, Double.
4: St. Francis of Assisi Confessor, Greater Double.
5: St. Placid and companions Martyrs, Simple.
6: St. Bruno Confessor, Double.
7: The most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class, Com. of St. Mark Pope and Confessor, and Ss. Sergius, Bacchus, Marcellus and Apuleius Martyrs.
8: St. Bridget Widow, Double.
9: St. John Leonard Confessor, Semidouble, Com. of Ss. Denis Bishop, Rusticus Priest, and Eleutherius Martyrs.
10: St. Francis Borgia Confessor, Semidouble.
11: The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the II Class.
12: Feria
13: St. Edward King, Confessor, Semidouble.
14: St. Callistus I Pope and Martyr, Double.
15: St. Teresa Virgin, Double.
16: St. Hedwig Widow, Semidouble.
17: St. Margaret Mary Alacoque Virgin, Double.
18: St. Luke Evangelist, Double of the II Class.
19: St. Peter of Alcantara Confessor, Double.
20: St. John Cantius Confessor, Double.
21: St. Hilarion Abbot, Simple, Com. of St. Ursula and Companions Virgins and Martyrs.
22: Feria
23: Feria
24: St. Raphael Archangel, Greater Double.
25: Ss. Chrysanthus and Daria Martyrs, Simple.
26: St. Evaristus Pope and Martyr, Simple.
27: Vigil.
28: Ss. Simon and Jude Apostles, Double of the II Class.
29: Feria
30: Feria
31: Vigil.
Last Sunday in October: The Feast of our Lord Jesus Christ the King, Double of the I Class, Com. of the Sunday.
November
1: All Saints, Double of the I Class with a common Octave.
2 or, if 2 November is a Sunday, 3 November: Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed, Double
3: Of the III day within the Octave of All Saints, Semidouble.
4: St. Charles Bishop and Confessor, Double, Com. of the Octave of All Saints and Ss. Vitalis and Agricola Martyrs.
5: Of the V day within the Octave of All Saints, Semidouble.
6: Of the VI day within the Octave of All Saints, Semidouble.
7: Of the VII day within the Octave of All Saints, Semidouble.
8: Octave of All Saints, Greater Double, Com. of the Holy Four Crowned Martyrs.
9: Dedication of the Archbasilica of the most Holy Saviour, Double of the II Class, Com. of St. Theodore Martyr.
10: St. Andrew Avellino Confessor, Double, Com. of Ss. Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha Martyrs.
11: St. Martin Bishop and Confessor, Double, Com. of St. Mennas Martyr.
12: St. Martin I Pope and Martyr, Semidouble.
13: St. Didacus Confessor, Semidouble.
14: St. Josaphat Bishop and Martyr, Double.
15: St. Albert the Great Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
16: St. Gertrude Virgin, Double.
17: St. Gregory Thaumaturgus Bishop and Confessor, Semidouble.
18: Dedication of the Basilicas of Ss. Peter and Paul, Greater Double
19: St. Elisabeth Widow, Double, Com. of St. Pontianus Pope and Martyr.
20: St. Felix of Valois Confessor, Double.
21: Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Greater Double
22: St. Cecilia Virgin and Martyr, Double.
23: St. Clement I Pope and Martyr, Double, Com. of St. Felicitas Martyr.
24: St. John of the Cross Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. St. Chrysogonus Martyr.
25: St. Catherine Virgin and Martyr, Double.
26: St. Sylvester Abbot, Double, Com. of St. Peter of Alexandria Bishop and Martyr.
27: Feria
28: Feria
29: Vigil. Commemoration of St. Saturninus.
30: St. Andrew Apostle, Double of the II Class.
December
1: Feria
2: St. Bibiana Virgin and Martyr, Semidouble.
3: St. Francis Xavier Confessor, Greater Double.
4: St. Peter Chrysologus Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of St. Barbara Virgin and Martyr.
5: Com. of St. Sabbas Abbot.
6: St. Nicholas Bishop and Confessor, Double.
7: St. Ambrose Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Com. of the Vigil.
8: The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the I Class with a common Octave.
9: Of the II day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semidouble.
10: Of the III day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semidouble, Com. of St. Melchiades Pope and Martyr.
11: St. Damasus I Pope and Confessor, Semidouble, Com. of the Octave of the Immaculate Conception.
12: Of the V day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semidouble.
13: St. Lucy Virgin and Martyr, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Immaculate Conception.
14: Of the VII day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semidouble.
15: Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Greater Double.
16: St. Eusebius Bishop and Martyr, Semidouble.
17: Feria
18: Feria
19: Feria
20: Vigil.
21: St. Thomas Apostle, Double of the II Class.
22: Feria
23: Feria
24: Vigil.
25: Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, Double of the I Class with a privileged Octave of the III rank.
26: St. Stephen Protomartyr, Double of the II class with a simple Octave, Com. of the Octave of the Nativity.
27: St. John Apostle and Evangelist, Double of the II class with a simple Octave, Com. of the Octave of the Nativity.
28: The Holy Innocents, Double of the II class with a simple Octave, Com. of the Octave of the Nativity.
29: St. Thomas Bishop and Martyr, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Nativity.
30: Of the VI day within the Octave of the Nativity, Semidouble.
31: St. Sylvester I Pope and Confessor, Double, Com. of the Octave of the Nativity.
Although not listed on the general Calendar, a commemoration of St. Anastasia Martyr is made at the second Mass on Christmas Day.
Moveable feasts
The moveable feasts are those connected with the Easter cycle, and Easter is the date relative to which their position is ultimately determined. The date of Easter is determined relative to the lunar calendar as used by the Hebrews. The rule has since the Middle Ages been phrased as "Easter is observed on the Sunday after the first full moon on or after the day of the vernal equinox." However, this does not reflect the actual ecclesiastical rules precisely. One reason for this is that the full moon involved (called the Paschal full moon) is not an astronomical full moon, but an ecclesiastical moon. Another difference is that the astronomical vernal equinox is a natural astronomical phenomenon, which can fall on 20 or 21 March, while the ecclesiastical vernal equinox is a fixed March 21 (on the Gregorian Calendar). Easter is determined from tables which determine Easter based on the ecclesiastical rules described above, which do not always coincide with the astronomical full moon. The moveable feasts are given below:
Septuagesima Sunday (9th Sunday before Easter)
Sexagesima Sunday (8th Sunday before Easter)
Quinquagesima Sunday (7th Sunday before Easter)
Ash Wednesday (Wednesday after Quinquagesima Sunday)
Passion Sunday (Sunday 2 weeks before Easter)
Feast of the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin Mary (Friday after 2nd Sunday before Easter)
Palm Sunday (Sunday before Easter)
Holy Thursday (Thursday before Easter)
Good Friday (Friday before Easter)
Holy Saturday (Saturday before Easter)
Easter Sunday, the Solemnity of Solemnities, the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Low Sunday (Sunday after Easter)
The Solemnity of St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary, confessor, and patron of the Universal Church (Wednesday after the 2nd Sunday after Easter)
The Octave of St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary, confessor and patron of the Universal Church (Wednesday after the 3rd Sunday after Easter)
The Lesser Litanies at St. Mary Major (Monday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Lesser Litanies at St. John Lateran (Tuesday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Vigil of the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Lesser Litanies at St. Peter's (Wednesday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Ascension (Thursday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Octave of the Ascension (Thursday after the 6th Sunday after Easter)
The Vigil of Pentecost (Saturday after the 6th Sunday after Easter)
Pentecost (7th Sunday after Easter)
Holy Trinity and the Octave of Pentecost (8th Sunday after Easter)
Corpus Christi (Thursday after the 8th Sunday after Easter)
Octave of Corpus Christi (Thursday after the 9th Sunday after Easter)
Sacred Heart of Jesus (Friday after the 9th Sunday after Easter)
Octave of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Friday after the 10th Sunday after Easter)
The 1954 calendar assigned special celebrations also to the days within these Octaves, as to the days within the Octaves of fixed feasts.
Feasts celebrated in some places (pro Aliquibus Locis)
The pre-1962 Roman Missal also listed a number of celebrations in the section headed "Mass for Some Places". These celebrations were:
The Holy House of Loreto (10 December)
The Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (18 December)
The Betrothal of the Virgin Mary with Saint Joseph (23 January)
Saint Ildephonsus (23 January)
The Flight into Egypt (17 February)
Saint Margaret of Cortona (26 February)
The Prayer of Christ (Tuesday after Septuagesima)
Commemoration of the Passion of Christ (Tuesday after Sexagesima)
The Sacred Crown of Thorns (Friday after Ash Wednesday)
The Sacred Lance and Nails (Friday after the First Sunday in Lent)
The Holy Shroud (Friday after the Second Sunday in Lent)
The Five Holy Wounds (Friday after the Third Sunday in Lent)
The Precious Blood (Friday after the Fourth Sunday in Lent)
Saint Catherine of Genoa (22 March)
Saint Benedict Joseph Labre (16 April)
Our Lady of Good Counsel (26 April)
Saint Isidore the Farmer (15 May)
Saint John Nepomucene (16 May)
Saint Rita of Cascia (22 May)
Saint John Baptist de Rossi (23 May)
Our Lady Help of Christians (24 May)
Saint Ferdinand III (30 May)
Saint Joan of Arc (30 May)
Our Lady Queen of All Saints and Mother of Fair Love (31 May)
Our Lady Mediatrix of All Graces (31 May)
Our Lady Queen of the Apostles (Saturday after the Ascension)
The Immaculate Heart of Mary (Saturday after the octave of Corpus Christi)
The Eucharistic Heart of Jesus (Thursday after the octave of Corpus Christi)
Our Lady Mother of Grace (9 June)
Saint John Francis Regis (16 June)
Our Lady of Prompt Succor (27 June)
All Holy Popes (3 July)
Saint Lawrence of Brindisi (7 July)
Saint Veronica Giuliani (9 July)
Humility of the Blessed Virgin Mary (17 July)
Our Lady Mother of Mercy (Saturday after the 4th Sunday of July)
Saint Emygdius (9 August)
Saint Philomena (11 August)
Our Lady Refuge of Sinners (13 August)
Saint John Berchmans (13 August)
Saint Roch (16 August)
Empress Helena (18 August)
Our Lady of Consolation (Saturday after the Feast of St. Augustine)
Our Lady Help of the Sick (Saturday after the last Sunday in August)
Saint Rose of Viterbo (4 September)
Saint Peter Claver (9 September)
Saint Gregory the Illuminator (1 October)
Purity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (16 October)
Feast of the Holy Redeemer (23 October)
The Sacred Relics (5 November)
Saint Stanislaus Kostka (13 November)
Our Lady Mother of Divine Providence (Saturday after the 3rd Sunday in November)
St. Leonard of Port Maurice (26 November)
Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal (27 November)
See also
List of saints
Moveable feast
Name days in the Czech Republic
Name days in Sweden
Namesdays
General Roman Calendar
Tridentine Calendar
General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
General Roman Calendar of 1960
General Roman Calendar of 1969
References
External links
An Anglican calendar based on the General Roman Calendar of 1954
Liturgical calendars of the Catholic Church
Tridentine Mass
1954 in Christianity
Canon law history
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Roman%20Calendar%20of%201954
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Cartoon Orbit was a children's online gaming network created by Turner Online to promote its shows and partners. Launched as an addition to the Cartoon Network website, Cartoon Orbit opened to the public in October 2000. Its main attraction was a system of virtual trading cards called "cToons", which generally featured animation cells from programs broadcast on the network, though advertisement-based cToons were also common. Added in October 2002 was the popular head-to-head strategy game gToons.
The site began to suffer from lack of maintenance beginning in 2005. On October 16, 2006, Cartoon Network shut down Cartoon Orbit and left users with a "Thank You" certificate as a token of their appreciation.
History
Development
Cartoon Orbit was the brainchild of Sam Register, who was also behind the development of CartoonNetwork.com in 1998. He went on to become the creative director of the site as well as Cartoon Orbit from 2000 to 2001 before leaving to pursue television development with Cartoon Network in its Los Angeles studios. He came up with the idea for Cartoon Orbit after seeing Sesame Workshop's Sticker World website. After Register left Cartoon Orbit, Art Roche became the creative director of CartoonNetwork.com. Justin Williams was the project lead at Turner and Director of Community for Cartoon Orbit until 2003 when he began working on other Cartoon Network interactive projects. Lisa Furlong Jones, Sharon Karleskint Sharp, and Robert Cass created content and wrote copy for Cartoon Orbit while Noel Saabye and Brian Hilling provided the art and animation.
The site was first registered in May 2000 with the beta phase ending in September of that year. The original name was to be "Cartooniverse", but it was changed because that name was already copyrighted. Cartoon Orbit was first built using parts of Communities.com's "Passport" software (not to be confused with the current Communities.com, which is unrelated). This software was a 2D avatar-based chat server where members could decorate their own spaces, and its assets were used in Orbit for displaying and editing . Most of the chat functionality, however, did not become part of the finished product. To comply with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, Cartoon Orbit instead had a list of pre-written words and phrases that players could send in a chat box. Until the complete conversion to Adobe Flash in 2002, references could still be found in the HTML source code to passport "room servers" and links to technical documentation on Communities.com's website. Also before the Flash transition were "Worlds" on Cartoon Orbit based on fictional cartoon locations, which came complete with a quote or quip from that world's characters, a poll, and links to "Spotlight" .
Viant worked on the site as well, offering project and business management for the development and beta and back-end software development for the user and content management. Scott Gutterman served as the lead at Viant, and Stacie Spychalski, David Gynn, Chris Griswold, Chip Plesnarski, Wan Agus, and others managed plans, requirements and developed the code. Before being acquired and ultimately closing, Viant went on to work at several Turner Broadcasting/Time Warner projects from 2000 to 2002.
Launch and growth
Cartoon Orbit was launched in October 2000 as an online community with required registration. Its membership grew over 150,000 members strong by mid-December, and that figure increased to over 300,000 by February 2001. Members exceeded 850,000 by October 2001. Shortly after its release, Register expressed a desire to convert Orbit's point-based currency to a cash-based setup, but this never came to fruition.
During Cartoon Orbit's lifetime, the site featured promotions and tie-ins that were carried out through its sponsors. As part of a larger campaign with Cartoon Network, a promotion for the fund-raising program Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF, which entailed exclusive Halloween-themed , was held from October 1 to November 5, 2002. As part of a licensing agreement, Nestlé featured characters from Cartoon Network's Ed, Edd n Eddy in a 2004 Wonder Ball promotion that offered exclusive Cartoon Network-themed Wonder Balls as a top prize. Among other rewards was access to a special cToon showroom that contained a mystery Wonder Ball cToon.
Closure
For the first few years, the site was updated weekly. Beginning in mid-2005, it became apparent that Turner Online stopped maintaining Cartoon Orbit. Updates were ceased in February 2006 and many reported bugs went unfixed. On August 17, 2006, Cartoon Network removed the navigation for Cartoon Orbit from its main header, causing many users to speculate that Cartoon Network had given up completely on Cartoon Orbit while some anticipated its closure. The same users also pointed to the recent AP press release from Cartoon Network about developing a then-unnamed cartoon-based MMORPG as proof that Cartoon Orbit would soon be a thing of the past. Starting on September 29, 2006, users were no longer able to sign up for and create new Cartoon Orbit accounts. When clicking on the "Join Now" button, the user was instead presented with a "Registration is Closed" page.
Cartoon Orbit officially closed on the early morning of its closing date, October 16, 2006. The link that was placed at the bottom of the home page was redirected to Cartoon Network ¡Ya!, Cartoon Network's Spanish site; however, directly linking to their web address showed that Cartoon Orbit was still online. The following day, the login was removed from the homepage and anyone who tried logging in on another site page was disallowed. Today, all links to Cartoon Orbit now redirect to the CartoonNetwork.com homepage.
Features
Players were given points to purchase stickers, called , from the in-game store called the . Players could also receive , and (the game's assets) by entering special redemption codes, during special events, bartering with other players (trading), or in an auction format.
came with a wide range of functionalities. Most were static, but some were animated and/or had sound. Other , when clicked, played mini-games or had special functionality (such as a Dexter's Laboratory-themed that automatically counted down to Albert Einstein's birthday).
Players were given their own gallery spaces, called , to decorate with cards of their choice. One could further customize their by changing their 's background.
Items
Three main collectibles were available in the Cartoon Orbit game: .
: The main collectible item of Cartoon Orbit. was short for Cartoon, just as eMail is short for Electronic Mail. They could be thought of as trading cards or more accurately e-stickers (as they could be displayed on a ). could be plain, be animated, play sounds, or both. Some were part of special sets, and developed their own names. These included:
Golden : that were gold in color; some of which were very rare.
Ad : Sponsored advertisement . Typically gained via a code, and some of which would disappear after the promotion ended, be changed to remove the advertisement logo, or replaced with a different altogether.
Code : that were only available by entering a code, and after a designated amount of time, were expired. They could be found on Cartoon Network commercials, on promotional items, or at sponsor sites. Codes were also revealed during Cartoon Cartoon Fridays and on Kids' WB.
Game : that, when placed on a and clicked, opened a miniature Flash game. Some of them would give you a 'prize' code at the end if you achieved a certain target.
Checklist : that, when placed on a and clicked, were able to be printed off by the user so they would have a checklist of all the new due to be released that month. New checklist were created from November 2001 to June 2003.
Sticker : Much like a traditional sticker, most had quotes or quips from the character portrayed. The majority of the sticker were released in 2001.
Holiday : First released at Christmas time in 2001, these quickly became some of the most popular in Orbit. In 2002 and 2003, inexpensive Holiday presents were created which were meant to be freely given to other players. After Christmas, the present were automatically exchanged for a real .
Auction Only : that could only be purchased from Orbit Auctions.
: Much like a webring, joined players together with a common theme. In the early years of Orbit, clicking on a took you to another player's that was displaying that .
Blue Back : Very rare that got their name from the blue background they were created on.
: Cards used in the game of .
Slam : A rare type of with special abilities.
gToons
was Cartoon Orbit's own digital collectible card game extension. Launched on October 14, 2002, over 250,000 users had joined after the first month and over 400,000 users were playing after the first two months. was discontinued alongside Cartoon Orbit on October 16, 2006, although it has been stated that it might return "as a stand-alone game sometime in the future with new sets of game pieces to collect".
In December 2007, was revived as "Action Packs" for Transformers: Animated, followed by a Ben 10: Alien Force version becoming available in April 2008. Though the revival is now only available in a single-player mode, the rules and design are virtually identical to the original.
Gameplay
Players assembled decks composed of 12 cards each. Cards represented characters, places and props from shows broadcast on Cartoon Network, and each card had a color, value and occasionally a special effect that could modify the of other . A game of , which typically lasted about three minutes, involved two players strategically using seven at a time to gain the most points by the game's end. Two colors (determined by the "bottom" card of each player's deck) were goal colors: if the two colors were both "neutral" colors (black or silver), the higher total point value won. If there was exactly one non-neutral color (blue, red, yellow, green, purple, etc.) between the goal colors, a player with more cards of the non-neutral color would receive a 15-point bonus to their total before determining victory. If neither color were neutral, a player could win by having more of each color in play than the opponent; otherwise, the higher total value won. Five separate expansion packs containing different were released between 2003 and 2006.
Areas
Challenge Zone: An area where players could challenge others to a game of .
: An area where players could buy cards. Cards could be sorted by show, by character, by price, by type, by prop or by set. Most did not stay in the for long and were soon sold out.
: The part of the Cartoon Orbit site that belonged to the user. They could decorate their with any of Orbit's cards like a gallery or sticker book.
: Where a user could find other people's . They would type in their user name, find the name, or find it by letter. There was also a (a list of some particularly well-made ).
: An area where users could view new and updates on Orbit, and also the main Live Trading area.
My Collection: An area where Orbiters could view their cards. Cards were able to be sorted into categories by show or by type. Users could also hide their cards from trading or even delete them.
Auctions: A standard auction setup which allowed players to put up for sale. The highest bidder at the end of the auction received the , and the seller received the bid points minus a small fee. Auctions were introduced in August 2002.
My Favorites: A section where one could visit someone's and add them to a Buddy List. The Buddy List also allowed a user to see if the person they added was logged in. If they were logged in, they could choose to "follow" the person and go to the section of the website that they were currently located at. The somewhat resembled this.
Team Orbit: A group of 100 Cartoon Orbit users who were chosen to make suggestions about the game after it was released to the public. Team Orbit only lasted a few months in 2001, and it was replaced by the ideas and comments coming from numerous fan sites.
ToonFlash Newsletter: A newsletter that Cartoon Orbit periodically sent out to all users via email.
References
External links
Massive Cartoon Orbit Archival Project, a collaboration of information surrounding Cartoon Orbit
Browser-based game websites
Cartoon Network
Digital collectible card games
Online games
Internet properties established in 2000
Internet properties disestablished in 2006
2000 establishments in the United States
2006 disestablishments in the United States
Products and services discontinued in 2006
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon%20Orbit
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The SK Gas Cup is a Go competition.
Outline
The SK Gas Cup is sponsored by SK Gas. The participants must be under the age of 25 and under the rank of 5 dan. The komi is 6.5 points. Thinking time is 3 hours. The winner's prize is 10,000,000 Won ($8,500).
Past winners
Previous winners (and defeated finalists):
12nd 2008 Kim Kiyoung (d. Park Jung Hwan 2-1)
11st 2007 Yun Junsang (d. Heo Yeongho 2-1)
10th 2006 Baek Hongsuk (d. Lee Yeongkyu 2-0)
9th 2005 Kang Dongyun (d. Ko Geuntae 2-0)
8th 2004 Park Jungsang (d. An Younggil 2-1)
7th 2003 Cho Hanseung (d. Paek Tae-hyeon 2-0)
6th 2002 Yi Se-tol (d. Paek Tae-hyeon 2-0)
5th 2001 Kang Chi-seong (d. Paek Tae-hyeon 2-0)
4th 2000 Yi Sang-hun (d. Yi Se-tol 2-1)
3rd 1999 Mok Chin-seok (d. Weon Seong-chin 2-0)
2nd 1998 Yi Seong-chae (d. Mok Chin-seok 1-0)
1st 1997 An Cho-yeong (d. Kim Yeong-sam 1-0)
"It is very important for junior players like me to study harder and harder. I am replaying and analyzing pro games daily. I think, it’s more important than playing Go a lot." - said Park Jungsang
References
Go competitions in South Korea
SK Sports
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK%20Gas%20Cup
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is a two-year private women's junior college in Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The university was established in 1963, and is descended from an art school established in 1937. The school is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church and was established by members of the Canadian Congregation of Sisters of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin.
Prominent students include Mari Motohashi, an Olympic curler.
External links
Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College
Aomori Akenohoshi Junior College
Japanese junior colleges
Universities and colleges in Aomori Prefecture
Universities and colleges established in 1937
Private universities and colleges in Japan
Women's universities and colleges in Japan
Catholic universities and colleges in Japan
Aomori (city)
1937 establishments in Japan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aomori%20Akenohoshi%20Junior%20College
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In fashion and clothing, a petite size is a standard clothing size designed specifically for women 164 cm (5 ft 4 in) and under. This categorization is not solely based on a woman's height, but also takes into account the proportions of her body. Petite sizes cater to body shapes that typically have shorter limb lengths, narrower shoulders, and smaller bust sizes. This standard is predominantly recognized in the U.S., but is also utilized in some other regions around the world.
Many clothing stores, including both specialty boutiques and major retail chains, offer a range of petite sized styles to accommodate the needs of women 164 cm (5 ft 4 in) or shorter. These styles aim to provide a better fit than regular sizes, which are often tailored based on the proportions of taller individuals. Petite clothing may include tops, bottoms, dresses, and outerwear, as well as specialty items like petite activewear and swimwear. Some brands also offer petite plus sizes, catering to women who are both shorter in height and larger in body size.
It's important to note that the standards for petite sizing can vary between different clothing brands. Some may define petite sizes as catering to women 162 cm (5 ft 3 in) and under, while others may extend their petite range up to 167 cm (5 ft 5 in). The measurements for specific sizes, such as a petite small or a petite large, can also differ between brands. Therefore, it's often recommended that individuals check the specific size chart of a brand when shopping for petite clothing.
Frequency
The average height of an American woman is roughly between and . In the UK and throughout Europe the average height of a woman is around to .
History
The word 'petite' is derived from the French word 'petit', which translates to 'small' in English.
Petite sizing originated in the 1940s when US fashion designer Hannah Troy noticed that many women did not fit into standard size clothing. She studied the measurements of women who had completed military service during World War II and found that only 8% fit the proportions of standard sizing, with most women being 'short in the waist'. She developed a clothing range called 'Troyfigure', which was based on a 'junior' fit but with a more mature style. This range became very popular and is considered the beginning of petite fashion. The word 'petite' was chosen by Troy because it "just had a nice ring to it"
See also
Children's clothing
Clothing sizes
US standard clothing size
EN 13402
References
NHANES survey
CDC Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: U.S. Population, 1999–2002 - Page 20, Table 19.
Sizes in clothing
Fashion design
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petite%20size
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Briercrest Christian Academy, formerly Caronport High School, is a private Christian high school located in Caronport, Saskatchewan. The school includes a student residence program and extracurricular activities such as sports, drama, art and music. It is operated by Briercrest College and Seminary. It was founded in 1946, 11 years after the formation of the college and seminary.
References
External links
Caronport High School
Nondenominational Christian schools in Canada
High schools in Saskatchewan
Educational institutions established in 1946
1946 establishments in Saskatchewan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briercrest%20Christian%20Academy
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is a former Japanese actress, television presenter, radio presenter, and author best known for playing Fumiko Sakurai in the 1962 Godzilla film, King Kong vs. Godzilla, Kissy Suzuki in the 1967 James Bond film, You Only Live Twice, and Madame Piranha in the 1967 King Kong film, King Kong Escapes.
Career
Hama was working as a bus conductor when she was spotted by producer Tomoyuki Tanaka. She went on to become one of the most in-demand actresses in Japan. Notable appearances included the 1965 spy comedy Kokusai himitsu keisatsu: Kagi no kagi, which was the source for the Woody Allen film What's Up, Tiger Lily? and Toho Studio's monster and fantasy movies such as King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962), The Lost World of Sinbad (1963) and King Kong Escapes (1967). By the time she starred in You Only Live Twice, she had made more than 60 movies.
Hama was originally cast to play the character Aki (who was originally named Suki) and her co-star Akiko Wakabayashi was cast to play Kissy Suzuki. The two actresses were sent to London for three months, to be tutored in English, although in the end, Hama was dubbed by Nikki van der Zyl. She is dedicated to supporting Japan's natural wonders and preserving the environment. She also owns and rents out a traditional house near Mt. Fuji called "Hakone-Yamaboushi" that is built from various abandoned houses.
She said in a 2017 New York Times article that she gave up acting because she wanted a normal life, a life that includes authoring 14 books, becoming a television and radio host, connoisseur of folk art and advocating the preservation of old farms and farming techniques, and not losing the authentic Japan for economic development, as well as marrying a TV executive and raising their four children.
Personal life
In 1969, she was married to (1939–2018), a television executive producer of Fuji TV, with whom she has four children.
Partial filmography
King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962) as Fumiko Sakarai
The Lost World of Sinbad (1963) as Princess Yaya
Attack Squadron! (1963)
Yearning (1964) as Ruriko
The World's Most Beautiful Swindlers (1964) (the Tokyo segment)
Kokusai himitsu keisatsu: Kagi no kagi (1965) as Miichin
Ironfinger (1965) as Yumi Sawada
You Only Live Twice (1967) as Kissy Suzuki
King Kong Escapes (1967) as Madame Piranha
Edo no Kaze (1975) - Oyou
References
Sources
External links
official website
1943 births
Living people
Japanese film actresses
Actresses from Tokyo
20th-century Japanese actresses
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie%20Hama
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Ernest W. Seaholm High School (simply referred to as Seaholm High School) is a Magnet high school in Birmingham, Michigan, United States. It was established in 1951 and is part of the Birmingham Public Schools district.
History
Seaholm opened in 1951 under the name Birmingham High. At the time, the Board of Education President was Ernest W. Seaholm (retired Chief Engineer for Cadillac) and the treasurer was Wylie E. Groves. Birmingham's two high schools are now named for them: Seaholm High School and Groves High School. Birmingham High School's first principal was Ross Wagner. John Schulz served as the next principal (1968–1979), Jim Wallendorf followed, serving from 1979 to 1992.
At one time Seaholm High School hosted classes of grades 4 through 12 of the Japanese School of Detroit, a supplementary Japanese school. In 2010, the JSD announced that it was relocating to Novi, Michigan; it moved in mid-2011.
Programs
The Forensics Team has consistently enjoyed success at the state-finalist level. Quiz Bowl team has also had success, winning a national championship in 1991 at the American Scholastics Competition Network Tournament of Champions and a state championship in 1994.
The student newspaper, the Seaholm Highlander, has won multiple prestigious Spartan Awards from the Michigan Interscholastic Press Association.
The Flexible Scheduling Program, which involved a seven teacher team that created a series of interdisciplinary social studies/humanities courses with flexible schedules, began in the 1960s. They may be taken in lieu of standard English and social studies classes. Students are permitted to teach courses themselves. According to the Christian Science Monitor, the reduction in bureaucracy, interaction and collaboration between teachers, the interdisciplinary nature, and flexible time schedules made the program attractive.
Notable alumni
Tim Allen, actor and comedian
Paris Bass, pro basketball player
Jim Benton, illustrator and writer
Mike Binder, film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor
Randal Bryant, computer scientist and academic
Charlie Burg, singer-songwriter
John N. Damoose, politician and former documentary producer
Daniel L. Doctoroff, businessman and former government official
Patrick Grant, composer
Troy Hairston, fullback for the Houston Texans
Jordan Harbinger, radio personality, podcaster, voice actor, journalist, lawyer and businessman
Beth Hayes (1955–1984), economist
Laura Innes, actress and television director
Mat Ishbia, owner of the Phoenix Suns
Haley Kopmeyer, professional soccer player
Christine Lahti, actress and filmmaker
Mari Manoogian, politician
Joey Pecoraro, grammy nominated musician and record producer
Haley Stevens, politician
Paul Stookey, singer-songwriter
See also
International Academy
References
External links
The Flex Program
High schools in Oakland County, Michigan
Public high schools in Michigan
Educational institutions established in 1951
1951 establishments in Michigan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaholm%20High%20School
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Lars Jonsson or Jönsson may refer to:
Lars Jonsson (illustrator) (born 1952), ornithological illustrator
Lars Jonsson (ice hockey) (born 1982), Swedish ice hockey player
Lars Theodor Jonsson (1903–1998), Swedish cross country skier
Lars Jönsson (tennis) (born 1970), Swedish tennis player
Lars Jönsson (film producer), Swedish film producer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20Jonsson
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Fort Totten is a neighborhood located in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington, D.C.
Fort Totten is located between Riggs Road N.E. to the north, Bates Rd N.E., Allison Street N.E., and the southern end of Fort Totten Park to the south, the Washington Metro Red Line tracks to the east, and North Capitol Street NW to the west.
The Washington Metro's Green Line tracks also go through the Fort Totten neighborhood through a tunnel that goes through Fort Totten Park when traveling between the Fort Totten and Georgia Avenue-Petworth Metro Stations. Fort Totten borders the adjacent neighborhood of Riggs Park in Ward 4 of Northeast Washington D.C., Queens Chapel and Michigan Park in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington D.C., Brightwood Park and Petworth in Ward 4 of Northwest Washington D.C.
Fort Totten is close to the Catholic University of America, Providence Hospital, Armed Forces Retirement Home, Rock Creek Cemetery, President Lincoln's Cottage, and Soldiers' Home Cemetery. The Fort Totten neighborhood of Washington, D.C. is named after a Civil War-era fort built by General Joseph Gilbert Totten, the Chief Engineer of the antebellum United States Army.
Residents of Fort Totten not only have access to Fort Totten Park, but also to the Washington Metropolitan Branch Trail which runs all the way from the Silver Spring Metro Station to Washington Union Station in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Residents who live in the Fort Totten neighborhood have access to the Fort Totten Metro Station, which has primarily been served by the Red Line since the station first opened on February 6, 1978, as well as the Green Line which has been serving the station since December 11, 1993, and the Yellow Line, which has been serving the station since May, 2006. In addition to these Metrorail Lines, residents of Fort Totten are also served by many Metrobus routes as well.
Civil War Fort
The neighborhood takes its name from the Civil War fort located at the top of the hill. It was built in 1861 and completed in 1863 to provide protection to the capital during the civil war. The fort is named for Joseph Gilbert Totten, a general in the War of 1812.
The earthworks of the main fort are still clearly visible today, including the surrounding ditch, ramparts, and the walls of the two magazines within the fort. The smaller Totten Battery, which lies 1000 feet to the north, and the connecting rifle trenches can be easily seen as well. The modern-day park is home to a number of picnic benches as well as a Civil War centennial plaque marking the main entrance to the remains of the fort.
References
Neighborhoods in Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
Totten
Totten
Totten
1861 establishments in Washington, D.C.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Totten%20%28Washington%2C%20D.C.%29
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Coroplast is a brand name of corrugated plastic and a registered trademark of Coroplast, LLC, a member of the Inteplast Group of companies. Because of the success of this brand, it has become a generically used tradename and many people in North America today refer to all corrugated plastic as "coroplast". Coroplast is produced with Cartonplast technology developed by Covema in 1974. A similar product is marketed in Australia under the brand name Corflute.
Coroplast operates plants in Granby, Quebec; Dallas, Texas; and Vanceburg, Kentucky. On August 15, 2014, Inteplast Group, the company's major competitor, acquired majority of its assets with an undisclosed amount.
Coroplast, also called pp plate sheet ("Fluted Polypropylene Sheet"), is lightweight (hollow structure), non-toxic, waterproof, shockproof, long-lasting material that resists corrosion. Compared with cardboard, Coroplast has the advantages of being waterproof and colorfast.
The Coroplast composition can be altered to add anti-static properties using the masterbatch technique. This particular masterbatch produces a conductive, anti-static plastic hollow board sheet. (Conductive plate surface resistivity can be controlled between 103 ≈105; anti-static sheet surface resistivity can be controlled between 106 ≈1011.)
As with all corrugated plastic, it is widely used for signage, plastic containers, and reusable packaging. It is also used by hobbyists in do it yourself projects such as constructing cages for small animals or model aircraft.
Modifying Coroplast sheets
All Coroplast twin-wall profile sheets can be modified with additives, which are melt-blended into the sheet to meet the specific needs of the customer. Special products that require additives include: UV protection, anti-static, flame retardant, and custom colors.
See also
Cartonplast
References
External links
Coroplast.com
Plastic brands
Brand name materials
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroplast
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(born 9 May 1968) is a Japanese former ski jumper. He is best remembered for a meltdown at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, which cost the Japanese national team a victory, and his subsequent redemption at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano; the latter of which led to him being affectionately called "Happy Harada".
Career
At the 1994 games, the Japanese team had a nearly insurmountable lead heading into the last jump of the large hill. Harada, the team's anchor, had jumped 122 meters in his previous attempt and needed only 105 meters in his final jump to clinch the gold for Japan. His jump was just shy of 97,5 meters and dropped Japan to second, with the gold going to the German team.
Four years later Harada would again have his chance to contribute a gold for his team, this time in his home country. His first jump of 79.5 meters knocked his team from first to fourth and brought back memories of Lillehammer. Then, on his second attempt he delivered an Olympic-record tying 137 meter jump. His teammate Kazuyoshi Funaki would then close out the event with a 125 meter jump, clinching the first Olympic ski jumping team gold medal for Japan.
Along with the team gold, Harada also captured bronze in Nagano in the individual large hill after a 136 meter final jump that pushed up him from sixth to third.
Harada has competed in five of the Olympic Games. In addition to the Lillehammer and Nagano games, he competed in Albertville in 1992, Salt Lake City in 2002 and Turin in 2006.
He is a two-time FIS Nordic World Ski Championships winner (1993: individual normal hill, 1997: individual large hill), and also won three silvers (1997: Individual normal hill, 1997, 1999: Team large hill) and one bronze (1999: Individual normal hill) as well.
Olympic normal hill individual competition in Pragelato on 11 February 2006 was the last highly ranked official event where he participated - who won 2 Olympic medals in Nagano and 1 in Lillehammer - and it was after over 3 years break from participating in Ski jumping World Cup. Unfortunately for him, he was disqualified in the qualifying and did not compete in the final. Later he started only in FIS Cup event in Sapporo.
On July 12, 2006, Harada was appointed Ambassador to the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo, Japan by the organizing committee. The 2007 Championships ran February 22-March 4, 2007.
World Cup
Standings
Wins
References
External links
FIS Announcement on Ambassador Appointment
2007 Nordic World Skiing Championship announcement
1968 births
Ski jumpers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Japanese male ski jumpers
Living people
Olympic ski jumpers for Japan
Skiers from Hokkaido
Olympic silver medalists for Japan
Olympic gold medalists for Japan
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masahiko%20Harada
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Mission 3:16 is an album by Carman. Released in 1998 on Sparrow Records, the album peaked at number 94 on the Billboard 200 chart.
The album was nominated for a 1999 Grammy Award in the Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album category.
Track listing
All Songs Written By Carman, except where noted.
"Mission 3:16" - 4:11
"People of God" - 4:09
"Legendary Mission" - 1:42
"Never Be" - 3:36
"Jesus is the Lamb" - 5:11
"Post Lamb Jam" - 0:05
"The Courtroom" - 6:47 (Carman, Carl Marsh)
"Surf Mission" - 1:14
"Do I Do" - 2:55
"We Are Not Ashamed" - 4:21
"The Prayer Anthem" - 3:30
"Missione D'Italiano" - 1:00
"Slam" - 4:05
"All In Life" - 3:14
"Kingdom Suite" - 1:21
Personnel
Andrea Baca, Lisa Bevill, Lisa Bragg, Lisa Cochran, Todd Cooper, John Hartman, Phil Keaggy, Bonnie Keen, Danielle Kimmey, Tony Orlando, Out of Eden, Joey Richey, Calvin Smith, Kristine & William Stroupe, Russ Taff, Tina Vallejo, Aimee Joy Weimer, Lori Wilshire: backing vocals; arranged by Andrea Baca, Lisa Bragg, Danielle Kimmey & Out of Eden
Chris Willis, Chris & Matthew White, Emily Webb, Roz Clark Thompson, Kelly Stewart, Traci Sterling, Nicol Sponberg, Lauren Smyth, Kristen Pope, George Pendergrass, Tiffany Palmer, Gene Miller, Ashley Melling, Michael Mellett, Cory Hutchinson, Brittany Hargest, Tabitha Fair, Tim Davis, Stacy Campbell, Evan Broder: choir & chorus; arranged by Dan Cleary
Jim Butler: rap & backing vocals
Jonathan Carrey, Matthew Porter: rap
Micah Wilshire: guitars, backing vocals
Dave Perkins: guitars & synthesizers
Kenny Vaughan, Brent Rowan, Jerry McPherson, Tom Hemby, George Cocchini, Mark Baldwin: guitars
Bruce Bouton: steel guitar
Tim Akers: keyboards
Byron Hagen: Hammond organ
Phil Madeira: Keyboards & Farfisa organ
Bo Cooper: piano, backing vocals
Michael Bragg, Danny Duncan, Carl Marsh, Tony Miracle, Tommy Sims, Brian Tankersley: programming
Byron House: bass
Michael Clarke, Dan Needham, Scott Williamson: drums
Eric Darken: percussion
John Mock: Bodhran & tin whistle
Joey Miskulin: accordion
Jeff Bailey, Alan Brown, Barry Green, Mike Haynes, Sam Levine, Chris McDonald, Steve Patrick, Calvin Smith: horns; arranged by Steve Patrick & Carl Marsh
Strings & orchestra arranged by Tom Howard
References
Carman (singer) albums
1998 albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission%203%3A16
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Cobalt 60 was an electro-industrial/EBM group featuring Jean-Luc de Meyer and Dominique Lallement. Cobalt 60 has also done music for the PC game Wing Commander: Prophecy (Wing Commander V).
Discography
Studio albums
Elemental (1996)
Twelve (1998)
Singles
"Crush" (1996)
"Born Again" (The Cubanate Remixes) (1996)
"Prophecy – Wing Commander V : Prophecy Theme Single" (1997)
"Prophecy – The Clubmixes" (1997)
"It" (1998)
"If I Was" (1999)
External links
References
Electro-industrial music groups
Electronic body music groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt%2060%20%28band%29
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Drangiana or Zarangiana (, Drangianē; also attested in Old Western Iranian as 𐏀𐎼𐎣, Zraka or Zranka, was a historical region and administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. This region comprises territory around Hamun Lake, wetlands in endorheic Sistan Basin on the Iran-Afghan border, and its primary watershed Helmand river in what is nowadays southwestern region of Afghanistan.
History
In ancient times Drangiana was inhabited by an Iranian tribe which the ancient Greeks called Sarangians or Drangians. Drangiana was possibly subdued by another Iranian people, the Medes, and later, certainly, by the expanding Persian Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC). According to Herodotus, during the reign of Darius I (522-486 BC), the Drangians were placed in the same district as the Utians, Thamanaeans, Mycians, and those deported to the Persian Gulf. The capital of Drangiana, called Zarin or Zranka (like the Province), is identified with great probability with the extensive Achaemenid site of Dahan-e Gholaman southeast of Zabol in Iran. Another significant center was the city of Prophthasia, possibly located at modern Farah in Afghanistan. On occasion Drangiana was governed by the same satrap as neighboring Arachosia. In 330-329 BC, the region was conquered by Alexander the Great. Drangiana continued to constitute an administrative district under Alexander and his successors. At Alexander's death in 323 BC, it was governed by Stasanor of Soloi, and later, in 321 BC, it was allotted to another Cypriot, Stasandros. By the end of the 4th century BC, Drangiana was part of the Seleucid Empire, but in the second half of the 3rd century BC it was at least temporarily annexed by Euthydemos I of Bactria. In 206-205 BC Antiochos III (222-187 BC) seems to have recovered Drangiana for the Seleucids during his Anabasis. The history of Drangiana during the weakening of Seleucid rule is unclear, but by the mid-2nd century BC the area was conquered by the expanding Parthian Empire of the Arsacids.
Notes
References
G. Gnoli, "Dahan-e Ḡolāmān," Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 6 (1993) 582-585.
Drangiana by Jona Lendering
R. Schmitt, "Drangiana," Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 7 (1995) 534-537.
Achaemenid satrapies
Historical Iranian peoples
History of Zoroastrianism
Nomadic groups in Eurasia
Ancient Greek geography
Geographic history of Afghanistan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drangiana
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Charlotte Arnold (born July 27, 1989) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Sadie Hawthorne in Naturally, Sadie and Holly J. Sinclair in Degrassi: The Next Generation, for which she won a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series in 2010.
Early life
Charlotte Arnold was born July 27, 1989, in Ajax. As of November 2008, Arnold was attending Ryerson University, majoring in broadcast journalism.
Career
Her first acting role was Kate O'Neil in the made-for-TV movie Giant Mine. Then after a few minor roles, she had a role in the movie Custody of the Heart for which she was nominated for the 2001 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie (Comedy or Drama) for a Young Actress Age Ten or Under. In 2001, she lent her voice to the television series Committed. Over the next few years, she had roles in a few more made-for-TV movies, such as Harlan County War, One Kill, Range of Motion, and Jewel.
Arnold's career expanded in the mid-2000s. Beginning in 2005 , she starred for three seasons as the title character of the popular Family channel series Naturally, Sadie until 2007. From 2008 until 2013, she played Holly J. Sinclair on Degrassi.
In 2010, she won a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series, in a season 9 episode of Degrassi.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Young Artist Awards
2001 – Best Performance in a TV Movie (Comedy or Drama): Young Actress Age Ten or Under for Custody of the Heart (Nominated)
Gemini Awards
2010 – Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series: Degrassi: The Next Generation (Won)
References
External links
1989 births
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Actresses from Toronto
Canadian child actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian voice actresses
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Arnold
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Waterdown was a hardcore punk and post-hardcore band from Osnabrück, Germany. The band emerged onto the scene in 1999 under the formation of: Axel Pralat (guitar), Marcel Bischoff (vocals), Jörg Schwoeppe (drums), Christian Kruse (bass), Holger Behrens (guitar), and Ingo Rieser (vocals). The band was signed to Victory Records up until the mid-2000s. The band's first release was Never Kill the Boy on the First Date, which put them on the map in both Europe and America. This was followed by their second release The Files You Have on Me. They then toured until one of their vocalists (Bischoff) left the group in 2004. Eventually they found their current singer, Michael "Zacken" Janczak. After acquiring Janczak, production on their following album All Riot began immediately. The album was released on January 24, 2006. Sometime between the release of All Riot and the EP Powersnake, Ingo Rieser left the ensemble. The band put out the EP Powersnake and a final record Into the Flames, until they called it quits in 2012. Their song “Repeater” off of their 2006 album “All Riot” was featured in the 2006 baseball game MVP 06: NCAA Baseball.
Members
Axel Pralat – guitar/backing vocals (1999-2002; 2003-2012)
Michael "Zacken" Janczak – lead vocals (2004-2012)
Philipp Meyer – drums (2002-2012)
Christian Kruse – bass/backing vocals (1999-2012)
Holger Behrens – guitar (1999-2012)
Ingo Rieser – co-lead vocals (1999-????)
Marcel Bischoff – lead vocals (1999-2004)
Claus Wilgenbusch - guitar (2002)
Jörg Schwoeppe - drums (1999-2002)
Discography
Studio albums
Never Kill the Boy on the First Date (2001, Victory)
The Files You Have on Me (2003, Victory)
All Riot (2006, Victory)
Into the Flames (2012, Uncle M)
EPs
Draw a Smiling Face (2000, Two Friends Recordings)
Powersnake (2008, Blacktop)
References
External links
Waterdown website
Purevolume site
Victory Records
German heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1999
Victory Records artists
1999 establishments in Germany
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterdown
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It Takes Two is a game show in which contestants gave numerical answers to questions (which usually entail stunts and/or demonstrations). The original program was created and produced by Ralph Andrews and aired on NBC from March 31, 1969, to July 31, 1970, at 10:00 AM Eastern. A second version, produced by Mark Phillips Philms & Telephision, aired on The Family Channel (now Freeform) in 1997.
Vin Scully hosted the NBC version with John Harlan as announcer and on-camera assistant. The 1997 version was hosted by Dick Clark.
Gameplay
NBC
Three celebrity couples competed in this version. For each question, both spouses of each celebrity couple gave individual numerical answers which were averaged into their combined answer. After the celebrity couples gave their answers, a studio audience member guessed which couple was the closest. A correct answer won $100 for the audience member. By the fall of 1969, each win awarded a prize instead of cash. In 1970, audience members who won four prizes in a row also won a new car.
1997
Gameplay remained similar in this version with three teams each with two civilian contestants competing. Once again, both players on each team gave individual numerical answers to make one averaged answer. However, each question was worth money for the team who was the closest, and the second-closest team won a smaller amount of money.
The second-place prize for question one was originally $50. If a two-way tie occurred, both teams received the first or second place money. If a three-way tie occurred, all three teams received the first-place money. If at any point a team member gave an exact answer they also won a prize in addition to the first place money.
The team with the most money won the game, bonus prizes and played one last question called the "Brainteaser". All teams keep their money. In case if two or all three players tied for the lead, they automatically go to the "Brainteaser".
Bonus round (Brainteaser)
A question based upon an act or demonstration that was already used during the show was presented to the team and each member gave a verbal response. If the correct answer was within a predetermined range based upon the team's response, the team won a grand prize (usually a trip).
The winning range varied between episodes. At times the correct answer had to be within twenty high or low of their averaged guess. At other times the winning range had to be within the two individual guesses or within a different varied range.
If the game ended in a tie, the tied teams both competed in the Brainteaser with the winners of that question receiving the grand prize.
Guests
Many episodes featured a guest celebrity that came on to either perform a task related to a question or for a question related to their work.
Vicki Lawrence appeared on the premiere for a question on ironing.
Christina Ferrare and Michael Burger of Home & Family appeared on the second episode for a question about Ferrare's modeling career.
Ed McMahon, Dick's co-host on TV's Bloopers & Practical Jokes came by on the third episode for two questions: one was related to his role as Johnny Carson's sidekick, and the other was for his American Family Publishers sweepstakes.
Rod Roddy and Janice Pennington of The Price Is Right appeared during the second week for one of the questions as well as the "Brainteaser".
Betty White appeared for a question in the second week of the series.
Ruta Lee of High Rollers fame stopped by to roll dice for one question based on the number of times she would be able to roll sevens or elevens during the remainder of the episode.
Ron Pearson from Shopping Spree appeared on an episode to juggle for one of the questions.
Bowzer from Sha Na Na appeared on an episode to play piano for two questions
Audrey and Judy Landers appeared on an episode for a question about trees
Broadcast history
NBC
The original series replaced the Ed McMahon game show Snap Judgment and ran against sitcom reruns on CBS. Numerous NBC affiliates tape-delayed or preempted the show in favor of local homemaker's shows or syndicated programming, although the series ran over a full year due to its popularity. On Monday, August 3, 1970, the show was replaced by Dinah's Place, a women's talk/variety/homemaker's half-hour hosted by entertainer Dinah Shore.
1997
The revival ran on The Family Channel from March 10 to May 30, 1997, and was hosted by Dick Clark (who appeared on the NBC series with his wife) with Burton Richardson announcing.
The series was produced by Mark Phillips Philms & Telephision with Phillips serving as Executive Producer. Rich de Michele was producer while Gary Jonke was the writer.
Episode status
The status of the NBC version is unknown and largely believed to have been destroyed due to network practices of the era, with the videotapes wiped and re-used. However, three episodes are held by private collectors, and the October 27, 1968, pilot is held by the UCLA Film and Television Archive. The circulating episodes are also available for viewing on YouTube.
References
External links
It Takes Two (1969) on IMDb
It Takes Two (1997) on IMDb
NBC original programming
1960s American game shows
1969 American television series debuts
1970 American television series endings
1970s American game shows
1990s American game shows
1997 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
Television series by Ralph Andrews Productions
The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 1990) original programming
English-language television shows
American television series revived after cancellation
Television series by MTM Enterprises
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%20Takes%20Two%20%28game%20show%29
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The Calopterygidae are a family of damselflies, in the suborder Zygoptera.
They are commonly known as the broad-winged damselflies, demoiselles, or jewelwings. These rather large damselflies have wingspans of 50–80 mm (compared to about 44 mm in the common bluetail damselfly, Ischnura elegans), are often metallic-coloured, and can be differentiated from other damselflies by the broader connection between the wings and the body, as opposed to the abrupt narrowing seen in other damselfly families. The family contains some 150 species.
The Calopterygidae are found on every continent except Antarctica. They live along rivers and streams.
Etymology
The name is derived from Greek kalos meaning beautiful and ptery meaning winged.
Characteristics
The adults have metallic bodies; their wings are broader, with wider bases than other damselflies, and at rest hold their wings parallel to the body, slightly elevated. Some species have conspicuously colored wings; in males, the wings are usually blue, without pterostigmata, in females green or brown. Species are often quite variable in color and patterning, and they are sexually dimorphic. Color intensity may fade with age. The wings are heavily veined, having often 18 or more antenodal veins. The first segment of their antennae is longer than the combined length of the other segments. They have a jerky, skipping form of flight similar to the flight pattern of a butterfly (fluttering, rather than hovering stably like many other damselfly and dragonfly families). At least one species of Calopterygiadae has shown morphological plasticity in wing length due to the closeness of a forest to the river or stream where they live with a further forest correlating to greater wing length. They perch horizontally on twigs near the water's edge.
Calopterygidae nymphs have lateral gills are longer than the median gills. The nymphs have a flattened, pentagonal-shaped head, a long first antennal segment and long legs. They are found among submerged aquatic plants, woody debris and the exposed roots of streamside plants. There is a single generation per year. The time spent in the larval stage is influenced by both biotic factors, such as fat reserves, and abiotic factors, such as temperature, so they have the highest chances of surviving and reproducing.
Behavior
The mating system of most species in this family is resource defense polygyny, where males are often territorial, guarding riverine habitat that is sought after by females for egg deposition. Some males are not territorial. Within a species there may be a territorial and nonterritorial morph, which may be different in coloration.
Some species display courtship behavior, especially displays of wing movement by the male. At least one genus (Hetaerina) displays lekking behavior.
During mating, the male first removes other males' sperm from the female's reproductive tract, then places his own sperm there. The intromittent organ of the male has spines that physically remove rival sperm and also stimulate the female's muscles to contract and expel the sperm. In many species, the male accompanies the female when she searches for a site to lay eggs; in some cases, he even remains attached to her. The guarding of females post-copulation is done so another male does not mate with the female before laying her eggs even though the male may be able to reproduce with other females and in the case of Hetaerina species, the male may lose his territory during the time spent guarding.
Like all Odonata species, the species in this family are carnivorous in both their larval and adult stages. Larvae tend to feed on smaller invertebrates, such as mayflies
Classification
Subfamily Caliphaeinae – the clearwings:
Caliphaea
Noguchiphaea
Subfamily Calopteryginae – the demoiselles:
Archineura
Atrocalopteryx
Calopteryx
Echo
Iridictyon
Matrona
Mnais
Neurobasis
Phaon
Psolodesmus
Sapho
Umma
Vestalis
Subfamily Hetaerininae – the rubyspots and others:
Hetaerina
Mnesarete
References
External links
Odonata of Oceania
Odonata of Asia
Odonata of Africa
Odonata of North America
Taxa named by Edmond de Sélys Longchamps
Odonata families
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calopterygidae
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Platypus is a horizontal scrolling shooter game created and designed by Anthony Flack, produced by George Bray, and programmed by Michael W. Boeh. The objective is to guide an antique spacecraft by utilizing the mouse in order to avoid and attempt to shoot enemies.
Gameplay
The player flies an antiquated spacecraft (the last of the fictional F-27 Platypus fleet) and attempts to defend the peaceful country of Mungola from neighboring Colossatropolis, which has become so overcrowded that its inhabitants are taking over Mungola for space and resources. The game consists of four levels, with five areas per level and a strong boss enemy that must be defeated at the end of the fifth area. The player can collect power-ups that affect the type and firing rate of the ship's weapons, equip auxiliary cannons, or double the point values of all enemies and items.
Points are scored for destroying enemies and collecting bonus coins and fruits. In addition, at the end of each area, the player receives bonus points depending on the percentage of primary targets and enemy craft destroyed. One life is lost whenever the player's ship collides with a target or is hit by enemy fire.
At the beginning of the game, the player is given a set number of credits that can be used to continue play if all lives are lost. One bonus credit is awarded for completing each of the first three levels; after the fourth is completed, the player receives a large bonus depending on the number of unused credits.
Production
All the artwork for the game was created using a process called claymation. Flack has stated that due to limited availability of plasticine in his home country of New Zealand (at the time the game was created), he re-used the same lump of grey clay to create all the models, photographed them with a digital camera, and coloured the images in Adobe Photoshop. The music in Platypus on all platforms (except for the iPhone port) consists of various remixes of Commodore 64 game tunes by various composers, and created by several artists. They originally appeared on CDs from the C64Audio.com label, and were licensed to Idigicon Ltd. by High Technology Publishing Ltd. The current publishers for all composers whose music appeared in the game except Jonathan Dunn who is represented by Bucks Music Publishing Ltd. and who at the time was unpublished. Where possible, full credits appeared in the distributions, albeit in text file form.
As of 2019, Anthony and Claymatic Games bought the license for Platypus, including its sequel.
Releases
Platypus was first released on CD in May 2002. It was modified and distributed online by Retro64 from January 2004 and included an easy mode and mouse support. A third build of the game (which can be distinguished as the score of Player 2 as yellow numbers and not red) included various bug fixes and was used for multiple localizations, including Chinese and Japanese versions. On November 14, 2006, Platypus saw a release for Sony's PlayStation Portable console. On March 26, 2009, it became available for download on the PlayStation Network. The game functions the same as its full PC downloadable version, but with minor changes for the PSP version, like the new screen size. On November 24, 2009, Platypus was released on Xbox Live Indie Games. On August 15, 2014, Platypus and Platypus II, were both released on Steam.
Reception
Platypus was met with positive reception from critics.
Sequel
In February 2007, Idigicon released Platypus II, developed by Citric Games without the involvement of the original developer.
Notes
References
External links
Platypus at GameFAQs
Platypus at Giant Bomb
Platypus at MobyGames
2002 video games
BlackBerry games
Clay animation video games
Cooperative video games
IOS games
MacOS games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
MumboJumbo games
Palm OS games
PlayStation Portable games
Shoot 'em ups
Single-player online games
Symbian games
Video games developed in New Zealand
Video games scored by Yannis Brown
Video games with digitized sprites
Windows games
Windows Phone games
Windows-only games
Xbox 360 games
Handmark games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platypus%20%28video%20game%29
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Jeffrey Lynn Bostic (born September 18, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a center for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Clemson Tigers. Named to the Pro Bowl in 1983, Bostic won three Super Bowls with the Redskins.
College career
A 1980 graduate of Clemson University, Bostic was named All-ACC in 1979 as an offensive lineman for the Tigers. He was also named to Clemson's All-Centennial Team in 1996, and inducted into the school's Hall of Fame in 1997. In 1999, he was placed in the South Carolina Athletic Hall of Fame. Bostic has won more Super Bowls (3) than any other former Clemson Tiger.
Professional career
Bostic was a member of the Washington Redskins from 1980 to 1993, helping them win Super Bowls XVII, XXII and XXVI and becoming the only Clemson player to play for three Super Bowl Championship teams. He was also named one of the 70 greatest players in Redskins history. Bostic was one of "The Hogs", the Redskins' famed offensive line which also included guards Russ Grimm and Mark May, tackles Joe Jacoby and George Starke, and a few other new additions over the years.
In 1981, in his second year, he replaced Bob Kuziel as the starting center for the Redskins in all 16 games. He continued in that position until his final year, 1993, though missing an important number of games because of injuries in 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1992.
In 1982, the strike-shortened season at nine regular season games, the offensive line was potent throughout their 8-1 won-lost regular season, with Bostic at center, guards Russ Grimm and Mark May, and tackles Joe Jacoby and George Starke starting all nine games. The same line prevailed in the playoffs, except that Fred Dean replaced May at right guard because of an injury in games 1,2, and 4. The team defeated in succession in the 1982–83 NFL playoffs the Detroit Lions, the Minnesota Vikings, the Dallas Cowboys, and the Miami Dolphins, rushing respectively for 175, 204, 137, and 276 yards, with mainly John Riggins as the running back. The Redskins won Super Bowl XVII with Bostic and the interior line bowling over nose tackle Bob Baumhower and the two interior linebackers A. J. Duhe and Earnie Rhone.
In 1983, Washington won the eastern division of the NFC with a 14-2 won-lost record, thanks to the same offensive line, leading the NFL with 541 points scored (33.8 points/game). They beat the Los Angeles Rams in the divisional round of the 1983–84 NFL playoffs and the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC championship game, passing for more yards than the previous year, but also with some more hefty running: 130 and 172 rushing yards, respectively, but they could not push off so easily the defensive line of the Los Angeles Raiders, losing Super Bowl XVIII. Although they won the eastern division of the NFC again in 1984, they lost the divisional round of the 1984–85 NFL playoffs to the Chicago Bears. The Redskins became a force again in 1986 with a 12-4 record, winning a wild card game against the Los Angeles Rams and the divisional round of the 1986–87 NFL playoffs against the Chicago Bears with 138 and 134 rushing yards, respectively, but could neither pass (150 yards) nor run (40 yards) much against the New York Giants powerful defense, losing the NFC title game.
The 1987 NFL season was another strike year and another Super Bowl win for the Redskins, with 15 games played instead of 16 and owners sending in replacement players. Bostic started only 5 games during the regular season. However, with guards Raleigh McKenzie (replacing the injured Russ Grimm) and R.C. Thielemann and with tackles Joe Jacoby and Mark May, he started every game of the 1987–88 NFL playoffs, where the Redskins had a modest 72 yards on the ground against the Chicago Bears in the divisional round, but demolished the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC title game and the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXII with 161 and a 280 yards on the ground, respectively. In the Super Bowl, Greg Kragen at nose tackle with Karl Mecklenburg and Ricky Hunley at interior linebackers could not match up, and especially could not handle the Redskins' counter trey misdirection, where the left side of the line pulled on the opposite side.
Washington returned to the playoffs in the 1990 season (1990–91 NFL playoffs). With an offensive line composed of Bostic, Raleigh McKenzie (replacing the injured Russ Grimm again) and Mark Schlereth at guards, Jim Lachey and Joe Jacoby at tackles, the Redskins beat the Philadelphia Eagles in a wild card game, with 93 rushing yards, but could not get by Joe Montana and the San Francisco 49ers in the divisional round, gaining only 80 rushing yards, as the Redskins had to pass to try to catch up to the 49ers' potent offense. In the 1991 regular season, with Bostic starting all 16 games, Washington finished with a record of 14-2, leading the NFL with 485 points (30.3 points/game). In the 1991–92 NFL playoffs, with the same offensive line as the previous year, Washington beat successively the Atlanta Falcons, Detroit Lions, and Buffalo Bills with 162, 117, and 125 rushing yards, respectively, triumphant in Super Bowl XXVI, Bostic's last playoff game. The following year, Bostic, due to an injury, played in only 4 of 16 regular season games and was replaced by Raleigh McKenzie in the 1992–93 NFL playoffs, the Redskins beating the Minnesota Vikings with 196 rushing yards, but losing, as they did in 1990, to the San Francisco 49ers. In 1993, his last, Bostic played in only 10 games, as the Redskins finished with a 4-12 record. He was replaced as the starting center in 1994 by John Gesek. On October 25, 2015 Bostic was inducted into the Washington Redskins Ring of Fame at half time of the game versus Tampa Bay, which the team would win 31–30.
Personal
He is the younger brother of former St. Louis Cardinals guard Joe Bostic. Graduated from Ben L. Smith High School in Greensboro, North Carolina. He is married to Lynn and had three daughters Ashley, Amanda and Alicia.
Broadcasting
Bostic also worked for the NFL on Westwood One as an analyst and sideline reporter.
References
External links
– A 1992 article about "The Hogs."
– Bostic's construction company.
– Jeff Bostic's Appearance Page
1958 births
Living people
American football offensive linemen
Clemson Tigers football players
Washington Redskins players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Greensboro, North Carolina
National Football League announcers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Bostic
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Bazhong () is a prefecture-level city in north-eastern Sichuan province, China. Its population was 2,712,894 at the 2020 census whom 1,064,766 lived in Bazhou and Enyang urban districts.
History
Bazhong became a prefecture-level city in 1993. Its history goes back further; during the Xia and Shang dynasties, it was purportedly a vassal territory of Liang State. In the Spring and Autumn period, it was called Bazi (). In the Qin and Western Han dynasties it was called Ba County (). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, around the year 100 CE, this was changed to Hanchang County (). One hundred years later it reverted to Baxi County (). Since then it has usually either been called Liang County () or Yi County ().
In ancient times, it was the land of the Ba Kingdom, and after the Qin Kingdom destroyed the Ba Kingdom, the Ba County was established. The Western Han Dynasty belongs to Dangqu County, Ba County. In the third year of Yongyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (91 years), Hanchang County was located in the north of Dangqu County, and it was governed by the urban area of Bazhou today. In the sixth year of Jian'an (201), Berkshire was renamed Brazil County. During the period from Shu Han to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Dangqu County was repeatedly established, and Hanchang County belonged to it. In the first year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (504), Dagu County was established in Hanchang County. In the third year of Yanchang (514), Bazhou was established, named after the country of Cuba. In the second year of Xiping (517), Bazhou was moved to Hanchang County. In the sixth year (525) of Liangtong in the Southern Dynasties, Liangguang County was established in Hanchang County, and it was the county seat of Dagu County in Bazhou. In the second year of the elephant in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (580), it was transformed into a county.
In the third year of Sui Daye (607), Bazhou was abolished, Qinghua County was established, and Chenghua County was governed. In the first year of Tang Wude (618), Qinghua County was changed to Bazhou. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Bazhou belonged to Shannan Road. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733 years), it belongs to Shannan West Road. In the Song Dynasty, Bazhou belonged to Lizhou Road. Yuan Dynasty belongs to Guangyuan Road. In the ninth year of Ming Hongwu (1376), Huacheng County entered Bazhou, and Bazhou was reduced to Ba County. In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514), Bazhou was restored and belonged to Baoning. Qing Dynasty because of Ming system.
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Bazhou was changed to Bazhong County, belonging to North Sichuan Road, and the following year to Jialing Road. 1928 Abolition system. From 1933 to 1935, the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army established the Soviet government here in Bazhong County, Sichuan-Shaanxi Province. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Bazhong County belonged to the 15th Administrative Inspectorate District of Sichuan Province.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Bazhong County belongs to the Daxian District of the North Sichuan Administration District. In 1952, Daxian Prefecture was directly led by Sichuan Province. In 1968, the Daxian area was renamed Daxian area. In July 1993, Bazhong County was revoked and Bazhong City was established at the county level; Bazhong District was established by Daxian District, and the Administrative Office was stationed in Bazhong City, and Tongjiang, Nanjiang, and Pyeongchang counties were placed under Bazhong District. On June 14, 2000, the Bazhong area was revoked, and the prefecture-level Bazhong City was established. The original county-level Bazhong City was changed to Bazhou District. On January 18, 2013, Enyang District was established by Bazhou District.
Geography and climate
Bazhong is located at the southern end of the Daba Mountains, and borders Shaanxi province to the north, Dazhou to the east, Nanchong to the south, and Guangyuan to the west. Its area is , which is mountainous with elevations up to above sea level.
Bazhong has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) which is largely mild and humid, with four distinct seasons. Winter is short, mild, and foggy, though actual precipitation is low. January averages , and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are long, hot and humid, with temperatures often reaching . The daily average in July and August is around , with August being slightly warmer. Spring is warm and temperatures rise quickly but unstably, and hail is common. Rainfall is light in winter and can be heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs between May and September. The annual frost-free period lasts between 260 and 280 days.
Administration
Bazhong has 2 cities, 3 counties, 188 township, and 2,354 villages. The population was 3,284,000 in 2013, with 1,127,000 of that urban.
Transportation
The Guangyuan–Bazhong railway and Bazhong–Dazhou railway pass through the city. There are passenger stations at Bazhong and Pingchang.
Economy
The city's GDP accounts for approximately 1.9% of Sichuan's total GDP and ranks nineteenth in the province.
In 2017, Bazhong's GDP reached RMB 60.1 billion, representing a rise of 8.1%.
The city is served by Bazhong Enyang Airport which opened in February 2019.
See also
Southern Cliff Buddhist Sculptures, a tourist attraction south of the city
References
External links
Official Website (Chinese)
Cities in Sichuan
Prefecture-level divisions of Sichuan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazhong
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New Hope-Solebury High School is a public high school located at 182 West Bridge Street in New Hope, Pennsylvania. The school's mascot is the Lion, and its colors are royal blue and gold. It is located in the New Hope-Solebury School District. The school houses grades 9 through 12, and largely receives students from New Hope-Solebury Middle School. The school has approximately 500 students. They are currently ranked tenth in the state of Pennsylvania by the U.S. News & World Report. Patrick Sasse is the current principal of New Hope-Solebury High School.
Student body
As of 2021-2022:
Academics
New Hope-Solebury High School is divided into departments for mathematics, science, social studies/history, foreign languages, English, fine arts, business education, gifted students, health and physical education, information technology, and practical arts technology. AP Courses are offered in at least nineteen subjects: Biology, Calculus BC, Chemistry, Computer Science, English Language & Composition, English Literature, Environmental Science, European History, French, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Music Theory, Physics, Psychology, Spanish, Statistics, Studio Art, U.S. Government Politics, and U.S. History. The school offers additional APs online.
For the 2019-2020 school year, the average SAT score for New Hope-Solebury students was 634 for reading and 653 for math. The average ACT score for the 2019-2020 school year was 30. New Hope-Solebury High School weighs Honors and AP classes above their unweighted 4.0 scale. The 50th percentile GPA for the graduating class of 2019 was 3.726.
New Hope-Solebury High School was rated the second-best high school in Pennsylvania by U.S. News & World Report in 2015 and 2016. In 2022, they were ranked the tenth-best high school in Pennsylvania.
Students also may take courses at Middle Bucks Institute of Technology, offering them more vocational based educations. There also is a senior program that allows students to learn either anatomy or engineering at MBIT, under the direction of a Penn State University professor, and earn college credits through Penn State University.
Performing arts
New Hope-Solebury High School offers a performing arts program through the Mask & Zany Theatre Club and the school's choir, band, and orchestra. The Stephen J. Buck auditorium houses roughly 500 people and is used for the Mask & Zany theater productions; band, choir, and orchestra concerts; assemblies, community town halls, club meetings, and class meetings.
The New Hope-Solebury band program gives concerts several times every year. The group has participated in competitions in Disney World, Toronto, and Chicago. The band program offers both a concert band and the more selective jazz band.
The choir is made up of students from grades 9-12. While the choir is open to all students who are interested in participating, students must audition to be accepted into the chamber choir. Both choirs perform at concerts and competitions in various locations.
The New Hope Solebury orchestra, which consists of the bass, cello, viola and violin, plays a variety of music, from classical to modern Broadway. The orchestra is split into the concert orchestra and chamber orchestra. They have played alongside the band and choir in San Francisco, Toronto, Hersheypark, Chicago, Nashville, London, Paris, Philadelphia, Disney World, Disney Land, Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, and more. At several of these locations, they played in competitions, and their performances resulted in several awards. In 2012, the orchestra played at the White House in Washington, D.C. In 2018, the orchestra played at Carnegie Hall in New York City. In 2019, they played in Italy at several locations. In December 2021, the orchestra, along with the band and choir, traveled to Hawaii to participate in the Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade.
Activities
The school offers a number of student clubs and extracurricular activities.
New Hope-Solebury High school is a part of the PIAA (Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association) and part of the Bicentennial Athletic League. NHS competes in cross country, golf, field hockey, volleyball, soccer, basketball, wrestling, baseball, football, softball, lacrosse, tennis, and track. The school has many clubs, including a yearbook club and a debate club. The girls' soccer team has gone to the PIAA state quarterfinal, and the boys' soccer team made it to the PIAA State Finals in 2006. In 2010, the boys' soccer team won the PIAA State Finals, after beating the Mercyhurst Prep team with a score of 2-1. In 2011, the boys' soccer team won the PIAA State Finals again, beating Mercyhurst Prep 3-2. The boys' soccer team came 2nd in the PIAA State Finals in 2006 and 2019. The boys' golf team won the state golf finals in 2014 and came 2nd in the state finals in 2015. The boys' baseball team made it the PIAA state final tournament in 2010.
References
External links
Official site
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
Schools in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Hope-Solebury%20High%20School
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The Aomori Curling Club is a curling club in Aomori, Japan. It is best known as being the home of , a women's curling team that won six Japanese Curling Championships (2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010) and represented Japan at four World Curling Championships (2005, 2007, 2008 & 2010) and at two Winter Olympics (2006 & 2010).
Sports clubs and teams in Aomori (city)
Curling in Japan
Curling clubs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aomori%20Curling%20Club
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"Man and the Moon" is an episode of Disneyland, which originally aired on December 28, 1955. It was directed by Disney animator Ward Kimball.
The show begins with a humorous look with a man's fascination with the Moon through animation. This segment features characteristics of the Moon depicted from William Shakespeare and children's nursery rhymes to lunar superstitions and scientific research. Then Kimball comes on with some information on the Moon, supplemented by graphics. Kimball then introduces Dr. Wernher von Braun, who discusses plans for a trip around the Moon. Dr. Wernher von Braun was employed as a technical consultant on this film by Walt Disney, and on a number of other Disney films. He had a great knowledge of rockets, as he had helped to develop the V-2 rocket while working for Nazi Germany.
Finally, a live action simulation from inside and outside the crewed ship Lunar Recon Ship RM-1 dramatizes what such an expedition might be like, including an almost-disastrous hit by a very small meteor. Towards the end, this film presents what seems to be a bit of "sci-fi"; as the RM-1, crossing the Moon's night side, approaches the night/day terminator, high radiation is suddenly detected, and a flare fired over the area reveals what looks like a rectangular double wall, or the ruins thereof, extending out from a crater; strangely, none of the crew remark on it, and the unusual radiation is never mentioned again. This episode later reaired in 1959 under a new title: "Tomorrow the Moon".
This episode was preceded by "Man in Space" and followed by "Mars and Beyond". It was repeated on June 13, 1956, and September 25, 1959.
Home media
The episode was released on May 18, 2004, on Walt Disney Treasures: Tomorrow Land.
See also
"Man Will Conquer Space Soon!"
"Our Friend the Atom"
References
External links
Walt Disney anthology television series episodes
1955 American television episodes
Works about the Moon
Spaceflight
Space advocacy
Television episodes directed by Ward Kimball
Wernher von Braun
Works about astronauts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%20and%20the%20Moon
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According to the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Colima, the exercise of the Executive Power of this Mexican entity is placed in a single individual, called the Constitutional Governor of the Free and Sovereign State of Colima who is chosen for a period of 6 years and is not eligible for reelection. The term of governor begins November 1 of the year of the election and finishes October 31 after six years have elapsed.
The state of Colima was created in the year 1853, before during diverse periods of its history was a federal territory or department, by which the denomination of the holder of the Executive Power of the entity suffered various changes.
Governors of Colima from 1857
The individuals that have occupied the Governorship of the State of Colima, have been the following:
(1857): Manuel Álvarez
(1857): José Washington
(1857–1858): José Silverio Núñez
(1858): Ricardo Palacio
(1858–1859): Miguel Contreras Medellín
(1859): José Maria Mendoza
(1859): Manuel Salazar
(1859–1860): Jerónimo Calatayud
(1860–1862): Urbano Gómez
(1862): Salvador Brihuega
(1862): Manuel F. Toro
(1862): Florencio Villareal
(1862): Manuel F. Toro
(1862): Julio García
(1862–1864): Ramón R. De la Vega
(1864): Julio García
(1864–1867): José Maria Mendoza (Imperial prefect)
(1867–1869): Ramón R. De la Vega
(1869–1871): Francisco J. Cueva
(1871–1873): Francisco Santa Cruz
(1873–1877): Filomeno Bravo
(1877–1879): Doroteo López
(1879): Pedro A. Galván
(1880–1883): Francisco Santa Cruz
(1883): Miguel de la Madrid
(1883–1886): Esteban García
(1887–1893): Gildardo Gómez Campero
(1893–1902): Francisco Santa Cruz
(1900–1901): Alberto Betancourt (Interim)
(1901–1902): José Campero
(1902–1911): Enrique O. de la Madrid
(1908–1910): Isidoro Bravo Interino
(1911–1912): Miguel García Topete
(1912–1913): José Trinidad Alamillo
(1913): Vidal Fernández
(1913): Roberto F. Barney Interino
(1913): Miguel M. Morales
(1913): Julián Jaramillo
(1913–1914): Juan A. Hernández
(1914): Antonio Delgadillo
(1914): Juan G. Cabral (one day only) (Interim)
(1914–1917): Eduardo Ruiz (Interim)
(1917–1919): Felipe Valle (Interim)
(1917–1919): Francisco Ramírez Villarreal (Interim)
(1917–1919): Juan Jacobo Valadés (Interim)
(1917–1919): Esteban Baca Calderón (Interim)
(1917–1919): Miguel Orozco Camacho (Interim)
(1917–1919): Rafael Gómez Espinoza (Interim)
(1917–1919): Juan José Ríos (Interim)
(1917–1919): Enrique O. de la Madrid (Interim)
(1917–1919): José Trinidad Alamillo (Interim)
(1917–1919): Juan José Ríos
(1917–1919): Felipe Valle (Interim)
(1919–1923): Miguel Álvarez García (Interim)
(1923–1927): Gerardo Hurtado Sánchez (Interim)
(1925): Simón García (Interim)
(1925): Francisco Solórzano Béjar (Interim)
(1931): Pedro Torres Ortiz (Interim)
(1917–1931): Laureano Cervantes
(1931–1935): Salvador Saucedo
(1935): José Campero
(1935–1939): Miguel G. Santa Ana
(1939–1943): Pedro Torres Ortíz
(1943–1949): Manuel Gudiño
(1949–1955): Jesús González Lugo
(1955–1961): Rodolfo Chávez Carrillo
(1961–1967): Francisco Velasco Curiel
(1967–1973): Pablo Silva García
Antonio Barbosa Heldt was elected for the 1973–1979 term but died before taking office.
(1973–1974): Leonel Ramírez García
(1974–1979): Arturo Noriega Pizano
(1979–1985): Griselda Álvarez
(1985–1991): Elías Zamora Verduzco
(1991–1997): Carlos de la Madrid Virgen
(1997–2003): Fernando Moreno Peña
(2003–2004): Carlos Flores Dueñas
(2004–2005): Gustavo Vázquez Montes
(2005): Arnoldo Ochoa González
(2005–2009): Silverio Cavazos
(2009–31 October 2015): Mario Anguiano Moreno
(31 October 2015–10 February 2016): Ramón Pérez Díaz
(11 February 2016– 31 October 2021): José Ignacio Peralta
(1 November 2021–present): Indira Vizcaíno Silva
Colima
1857 establishments in Mexico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%20of%20Colima
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Oxon Hill High School (OHHS) is a public senior high school, located in Oxon Hill, an unincorporated area in Prince George's County, Maryland, and a suburb of Washington, D.C. in the United States. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is a part of the Prince George's County Public Schools system.
Oxon Hill is one of three schools in Prince George's county to offer the Science & Technology Program (see below), a magnet program with a highly selective admissions process. This program is a "school within a school" with approximately 125 students in each entering class. Overall, the school has approximately 1,500 students spread across the four grade levels. In recent years, the school has suffered persistent overcrowding due to its popular academic programs, extracurricular activities, and location in the burgeoning southern tier of the county.
The school mascot is a Clipper Ship, as chosen through a student contest. The school motto is Navis Semper Naviget (May The Ship Sail Forever).
It serves: portions of the Oxon Hill and Fort Washington census-designated places, as well as all of National Harbor CDP.
History
The Oxon Hill Consolidated School, a union of five elementary schools, started in 1925. The school's first addition came in 1926, with three more in a period between 1928 and 1938 at the site which is currently Oxon Hill Elementary School on Livingston Road.
In 1948, the consolidated school ended and a grades 7 through 12 school was established in a new two-story building, which is currently the Education and Staff Development Center facing Maryland Route 210. The school operated on a split session until John Hanson Junior High School opened. With an expanding suburban population, a larger campus opened in 1959, on Leyte Drive in the Southlawn community. (In the early 1960s the school's zoned attendance area stretched from the District of Columbia line as far south as Piscataway Creek/Bay. In the 1960s/1970s many of these neighborhoods were reassigned to the newly-built Potomac, Crossland, and Friendly high schools). The school's music departments were especially noted, winning awards on local, national, and international levels. The student body was nearly all Caucasian, which gradually changed to majority African American as did the community. In the 1980s, the school was expanded by adding the magnet program's Science and Technology building.
In 1966 Oxon Hill High School, then serving as a senior high school with grades 10, 11, and 12, was selected as one of the first dozen high schools in the United States to participate in the U.S. Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFJROTC) program.
The school received some attention in the local media in 1995 after the shooting death of student Charles "Chuck" Marsh while waiting for a bus in front of the school. President Clinton alluded to the case when he made his remark about requiring school uniforms in his State of the Union address.
A complete new school facility was scheduled for completion in 2013. The old building was to be demolished. The capacity of the new building is 1,200 students.
Science and Technology Program
The Science and Technology Program (STP), offered at OHHS since 1982, is a highly structured, four-year academic program. Of twenty-eight possible credits, a student is required to obtain a minimum of thirteen credits in specific mathematics, pre-engineering technology, research and science courses. In grades nine and ten, the program consists of common experiences courses for all student. In grades eleven and twelve, each student must choose course work from at least one of four major study areas. Students are expected to be enrolled in a full schedule of classes during the entire four-year program. External experiences are possible and encouraged, but must be a direct extension or enrichment of the Science and Technology Program, and have the recommendation of the Science and Technology Center Coordinator prior to approval by the principal.
At the end of tenth grade, students choose one major study area: pre-engineering technology, biological sciences, physical sciences, or science and technology exploration (i.e. computer science). The following course requirements correspond with each area of study:
Pre-engineering technology (PET)
- One advanced technology STP course: electronics/energy systems or production/statics systems
- One drafting and design STP course: engineering or architectural drafting and design
- One specific science elective
- Mathematics through pre-calculus
- Research Practicum
Biological science
- One advanced chemistry course: AP Chemistry or Bio-Organic Chemistry
- AP Biology
- One specific science elective
- Mathematics through pre-calculus
- Research Practicum
H.S.L Physical science
- AP Chemistry
- AP Physics
- One specific science elective
- Mathematics through calculus
- Research practicum
Computer science
- Computer mathematics
- AP computer science
- One specific science elective
- Mathematics through pre-calculus
- Research practicum
Scholarship(s)
STP students at Oxon Hill have been recipients of a high number of college and/or military scholarships, grants, and awards since the inception of the program. Scholarship award opportunities for Oxon Hill High School have exceeded twenty-three million dollars ($23,000,000.00) annually. Virtually all STP students enter four-year colleges/universities immediately following graduation.
Science and Technology Program continuance & certification requirements
Students must progress toward, and meet, the STP certification criteria to remain in the program. This includes extra science and technology-centered classes and a year-long research practicum project completed in the students' senior year. Upon graduation, each student who has met the STP certification criteria is awarded the Science and Technology Program Certification of Completion.
Notable alumni
O'Brien Alston, NFL linebacker
Rebekkah Brunson, Women's National Basketball Association player, 5-time WNBA champion
Lamar Butler, former basketball player for George Mason University
Derrick Delmore, championship ice skater (World Junior Championships, National Collegiate Championships)
Derrick Fenner, NFL running back
Danny Gatton, sometimes called "The World's Greatest Unknown Guitarist"
Phil Goss, former professional basketball player and current coach for the Capital City Go-Go
Jerome Grant, executive chef of Sweet Home Cafe inside the National Museum of African American History and Culture
Taraji P. Henson, Oscar-nominated and Golden Globe-winning actress and singer
Mechelle Lewis, member of US track and field women's 4x100 meter relay team in 2008 Beijing Olympics
Meshell Ndegeocello, singer, songwriter and musician
Marty Padgett, journalist and author
Emily Perez, first female minority Command Sergeant Major in history of United States Military Academy at West Point. Killed in action, September 12, 2006.
Lawrence Sidbury, NFL defensive end
Valerie Solanas, radical feminist known for the SCUM Manifesto, and for her attempt to murder artist Andy Warhol.
Aaron D. Spears, soap opera actor
Michael Sweetney, National Basketball Association player
Kriselda Valderrama, politician who represents district 26 in the Maryland House of Delegates
References
External links
Public high schools in Maryland
Educational institutions established in 1925
Magnet schools in Maryland
Schools in Prince George's County, Maryland
1925 establishments in Maryland
Oxon Hill, Maryland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxon%20Hill%20High%20School
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A binary moment diagram (BMD) is a generalization of the binary decision diagram (BDD) to linear functions over domains such as booleans (like BDDs), but also to integers or to real numbers.
They can deal with Boolean functions with complexity comparable to BDDs, but also some functions that are dealt with very inefficiently in a BDD are handled easily by BMD, most notably multiplication.
The most important properties of BMD is that, like with BDDs, each function has exactly one canonical representation, and many operations can be efficiently performed on these representations.
The main features that differentiate BMDs from BDDs are using linear instead of pointwise diagrams, and having weighted edges.
The rules that ensure the canonicity of the representation are:
Decision over variables higher in the ordering may only point to decisions over variables lower in the ordering.
No two nodes may be identical (in normalization such nodes all references to one of these nodes should be replaced be references to another)
No node may have all decision parts equivalent to 0 (links to such nodes should be replaced by links to their always part)
No edge may have weight zero (all such edges should be replaced by direct links to 0)
Weights of the edges should be coprime. Without this rule or some equivalent of it, it would be possible for a function to have many representations, for example 2x + 2 could be represented as 2 · (1 + x) or 1 · (2 + 2x).
Pointwise and linear decomposition
In pointwise decomposition, like in BDDs, on each branch point we store result of all branches separately. An example of such decomposition for an integer function (2x + y) is:
In linear decomposition we provide instead a default value and a difference:
It can easily be seen that the latter (linear) representation is much more efficient in case of additive functions, as when we add many elements the latter representation will have only O(n) elements, while the former (pointwise), even with sharing, exponentially many.
Edge weights
Another extension is using weights for edges. A value of function at given node is a sum of the true nodes below it (the node under always, and possibly the decided node) times the edges' weights.
For example, can be represented as:
Result node, always 1× value of node 2, if add 4× value of node 4
Always 1× value of node 3, if add 2× value of node 4
Always 0, if add 1× value of node 4
Always 1× value of node 5, if add +4
Always 1× value of node 6, if add +2
Always 0, if add +1
Without weighted nodes a much more complex representation would be required:
Result node, always value of node 2, if value of node 4
Always value of node 3, if value of node 7
Always 0, if value of node 10
Always value of node 5, if add +16
Always value of node 6, if add +8
Always 0, if add +4
Always value of node 8, if add +8
Always value of node 9, if add +4
Always 0, if add +2
Always value of node 11, if add +4
Always value of node 12, if add +2
Always 0, if add +1
References
Graph data structures
Formal methods
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20moment%20diagram
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"The Last Few Bricks" is an instrumental bridge/medley used by Pink Floyd and Roger Waters at The Wall live shows, between "Another Brick in the Wall (Part III)" and "Goodbye Cruel World".
Composition
It was composed specifically for the purpose of allowing the bricklayer roadies more time to finish constructing the wall, to seal off the stage almost completely, before Waters appeared in the last one-brick-wide space in the wall to sing "Goodbye Cruel World", and end the first part of the show.
The piece doesn't have a strict composition, varying from venue to venue, but it usually contained themes from "The Happiest Days of Our Lives", "Don't Leave Me Now", "Young Lust", "Empty Spaces", and occasionally, when the bricklayers were running especially late, a jam (in the jazzier style of the earlier, improv-oriented Floyd) similar to "Any Colour You Like" (D minor to G major), was played. The themes from "Don't Leave Me Now" and "Young Lust" were transposed down a whole step, so, like much of the album, "The Last Few Bricks" is in D minor—which leads to a "brightening" effect, when "Goodbye Cruel World" begins in the parallel key of D major.
Title
The instrumental bridge debuted with The Wall Tour (1980–81), but was given no official name at the time. Fans called the track Almost Gone on some bootleg albums of the shows.
The album of the 1990 Berlin performance was the first official release of the bridge. However, it was not marked as a separate track, and instead was simply included as an extended part of the Another Brick in the Wall (Part III) track.
Roger Waters had long resisted requests to release the recordings of the 1980-81 Wall performances, but changed his mind to allow a twentieth-anniversary live album release in 2000. During the mixing and editing of this album, producer James Guthrie suggested the title "The Last Few Bricks" for the bridge. Waters liked the title, and it was used for the Is There Anybody Out There? live album and all subsequent releases (e.g. the album of Waters' own live performances, Roger Waters: The Wall).
Performance
The longest performance of this medley was on 7 February 1980 at Los Angeles Sports Arena when "Another Brick in the Wall (Part III)" was stretched to over 13 minutes.
References
Pink Floyd songs
Rock instrumentals
British hard rock songs
1980 songs
Songs written by David Gilmour
Songs written by Roger Waters
The Wall (rock opera)
Song recordings produced by David Gilmour
Song recordings produced by Roger Waters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Last%20Few%20Bricks
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The Comeback EP is an EP by the Canadian indie rock band Stars, released in 2001 on Le Grand Magistery Records.
Track listing
References
2001 EPs
Stars (Canadian band) albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Comeback%20%28EP%29
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Amit Chaudhuri (born 15 May 1962) is a novelist, poet, essayist, literary critic, editor, singer, and music composer from India.
He was Professor of Contemporary Literature at the University of East Anglia from 2006 to 2021, Since 2020, he has been at Ashoka University, India, as Professor of Creative Writing and, since 2021, is also Director of the Centre for the Creative and the Critical, Ashoka University.
Life
Amit Chaudhuri was born in Calcutta (renamed Kolkata) in 1962 and grew up in Bombay (renamed Mumbai). His father was the first Indian CEO of Britannia Industries Limited. His mother, Bijoya Chaudhuri, was a highly acclaimed singer of Rabindra Sangeet, Nazrulgeeti, Atul Prasad and Hindi bhajans. He was a student at the Cathedral and John Connon School, Bombay. He took his first degree in English literature from University College London, and wrote his doctoral dissertation on D. H. Lawrence's poetry at Balliol College, Oxford.
He is married to Rosinka Chaudhuri, Professor of Cultural Studies and Director of the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta (CSSSC). They have one daughter.
Chaudhuri began writing a series for The Paris Review titled The Moment from January 2018. He also wrote an occasional column, "Telling Tales", for The Telegraph.
Fiction, non-fiction, poetry
Fiction
A Strange and Sublime Address, Chaudhuri's first novel, published in 1991, was republished by Penguin Random House India in 2016 as a 25th anniversary edition, with a foreword by Colm Toibin.
Afternoon Raag, his second novel, interleaves experiences of Oxford with memories of Bombay. It was published in 1993 and won the Encore Award. The 25th anniversary edition was published by Penguin Random House India in 2019 with a foreword by James Wood.
Freedom Song, his third novel, was published four years later. Set against the background of the post-Babri Masjid demolition, it is a record of both the artificial quiet that such a socio-political situation creates as well as the evocation of a Calcutta winter where everyday life must go on. Published in America with the first two novels, in 2000 it won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize.
A New World (2001), Chaudhuri's fourth novel, tells the story of Jayojit Chatterjee, who returns after a divorce with his seven-year-old son Vikram (“Bonny”) to Calcutta to visit his aging parents. It won the Sahitya Akademi Award.
Real Time, Chaudhuri's collection of short fiction, was published in 2002. The title story, "Real Time", is prescribed reading for English in the GCSE syllabus in the UK.
The Immortals, his fifth novel, published in 2009, follows Nirmalya and his music teacher, Shyamji, as they learn and practice Indian classical music in a changing world.
Odysseus Abroad, Chaudhuri's sixth novel, appeared in 2014-15. It unfolds over the course of a single day, in July in 1985 London, following the student protagonist, Ananda.
Friend of My Youth is Chaudhuri's seventh novel. It was published in the UK and India in 2017 and in the US in 2019. It is an account of a narrator and novelist called Amit Chaudhuri who visits Bombay, a city where he grew up, for a book event.
Sojourn, Chaudhuri's eighth novel, was published in 2022. Here, an unnamed man arrives in Berlin as a visiting professor. His growing absorption in his surrounding is accompanied by a loosening of his grasp on memory.
Non-fiction
Chaudhuri's D.Phil. dissertation at Oxford was published by Clarendon Press as a monograph titled D.H. Lawrence and Difference in 2003. It was called a "classic" by Tom Paulin in his preface to the book, and a "path-breaking work" by Terry Eagleton in the London Review of Books.
Chaudhuri edited the influential anthology The Picador Book of Modern Indian Literature in 2001.
He also edited Memory's Gold: Writings on Calcutta (2008)
His first major work of non-fiction, Calcutta: Two Years in the City, was published in 2013 as was Telling Tales, his second book of essays.
On Tagore, a collection of Chaudhuri's essays on Rabindranath Tagore, was awarded the Rabindra Puraskar in 2012.
Origins of Dislike, a third collection of essays, was published in 2019.
Literary Activism, a collection of essays by a variety of participants at the first symposium of the same name (see below), was published in 2017 by Boiler House Press in the UK, and by OUP in India and the US.
Finding the Raga, an exploration of Hindustani classical music, was published by Faber in the UK, NYRB Books in the US and Penguin in India in 2021.
Poetry
St. Cyril Road and Other Poems, Chaudhuri's first collection of poems, was published in 2005 by Penguin in India.
Sweet Shop, his second book of poems, appeared from Penguin Random House India in 2018, and from Salt (UK) in 2019.
Ramanujan, his third collection of poems, was published by Shearsman Books in the UK in 2021.
Critical responses
James Wood, writing about Chaudhuri in The New Yorker, said: "He has beautifully practiced that 'refutation of the spectacular' throughout his career, both as a novelist and as a critic. ... how little Chaudhuri forces anything on us — there is no obvious plot, no determined design, no faked 'conflict' or other drama ... The effect is closer to documentary than to fiction; gentle artifice — selection, pacing, occasional dialogue — hides overt artifice. The author seems to say, Here he is; what do you think? The literary pleasure is a human pleasure, as we slowly encounter this strolling, musing, forceful self."
Afternoon Raag: "It is a meditation, a felicitous prose poem." Karl Miller, The Independent.
A New World: "The condition of a stranger in a familiar land is dramatized with beguiling simplicity and tact in this deeply moving fourth novel…. A pitch-perfect analysis of repressed and stunted emotion, and another triumph to set beside those of Desai, Rushdie, Roy, and especially (the Chekhovian master Chaudhuri most closely resembles) R.K. Narayan." Kirkus ReviewsThe Immortals: "Amit Chaudhuri, himself a composer and musician, excels in the passages devoted to music, "the miracle of song and its pleasure". Steven Poole, The Guardian.Odysseus Abroad: "Chaudhuri is a singular writer. He defies form; instead he has perfected an observational fiction based on insight and memory." Eileen Battersby, Irish Times.Telling Tales: "Chaudhuri's intellectual project is not so much to cross academic boundaries as to remove the sign that says: "No playing on the grass". Like Barthes (and Lacan), he sees merit in concentrating less on the meaningful and more on the apparently meaningless." Deborah Levy in the New StatesmanFriend of My Youth: "With the publication of Friend of My Youth, Amit Chaudhuri is now the author of seven novels, greatly admired, especially by his peers... The drama of the self, spun from Chaudhuri's meditations and recollections, is artfully composed and utterly absorbing." Kate Webb in the Times Literary Supplement.
Sojourn: "Chaudhuri is one of the most consistently interesting writers working today. You get the feeling that with each book he has to begin again to reconfigure from the ground up what he wants the novel to be and to do. It's this radical questioning that makes him such a consistently engaging writer, and what makes this novel so memorable."
Activism
Literary activism
In response to the marginalisation of the literary by both the market (that is, mainstream publishing houses) and by academia, Chaudhuri began, in December 2014, a series of annual symposiums on what he called "literary activism", thereby attempting to create a space akin neither "to the literary festival or the academic conference", bringing together writers, academics, and artists each year. One of the features of Chaudhuri's initiative has been a resistance to specialisation, or what he calls "professionalisation". The project has involved the fashioning of a new terminology by Chaudhuri, in which he creates terms like "market activism", and assigns very particular means to terms like "literary activism" and "deprofessionalisation". Some of his positions are contained in his mission statement, and in his n+1 essay. "So there may well be in literary activism a strangeness that echoes the strangeness of the literary. Unlike market activism, whose effect on us depends on a certain randomness which reflects the randomness of the free market, literary activism may be desultory, in that its aims and value aren't immediately explicable."
A collection of essays titled Literary Activism: A Symposium from the first symposium was published in 2017 by Boiler House Press in the UK, and by OUP in India and the US. A new website for literary activism, www.literaryactivism.com, edited by Chaudhuri, came into existence on 4 August 2020.
Architectural activism
In 2015, Chaudhuri began drawing attention to Calcutta's architectural legacy and campaigning for its conservation. Writing about these houses made in the twentieth century, he lists their characteristics:
Music
Chaudhuri is a singer in the North Indian classical tradition, who has performed internationally. He learned singing from his mother, Bijoya Chaudhuri, and from the late Pandit Govind Prasad Jaipurwale of the Kunwar Shyam gharana. HMV India (now Saregama) has released two recordings of his singing, and a selection of the khayals he has performed on CD. Bihaan Music brought out a collection called The Art of the Khayal in 2016. A selection of classical recordings:
"Puriya Kalyan khayal"
"Jog Bahar khayal and tarana"
"E parabase rabe ke" (Rabindra Sangeet)
"Chandrasakhi bhajan"
In 2004, he began to conceptualise a project in experimental music, This is Not Fusion, released in Britain on the independent jazz label, Babel Label. His second CD, Found Music, came out in October 2010 in the UK from Babel and was released in India from EMI. It was an allaboutjazz.com Editor's Choice of 2010. Songs from This is Not Fusion include "Berlin" and "The Layla Riff to Todi". His version of "Summertime", incorporating the notes of raga Malkauns, was featured in BBC 4's documentary, Gershwin's Summertime: the Song that Conquered the World.
In 2015, Chauhuri was invited to write the libretto for the opera composed by Ravi Shankar, Sukanya. It had its world premiere at the Royal Festival Hall, London, in 2017.
In 2022, he created a new raga as part of a project that sees the raga as experiment and based on his feeling "that the raga in North Indian classical music is primarily a reshaping of what Marcel Duchamp called "found material". That is, tunes and melodies aren't set to ragas; instead, ragas are a slowing down of, and minute investigation into, particular tunes and melodies, with their characteristic clusters of notes and progressions." Basing it on the Western song, 'O Sole Mio', he calls the composition "Khayal: O Sole Mio". He performed it for the first time at Holywell Music Room, Oxford, in July 2022.
As part of this ongoing experimental exploration, he created, in the year of Raj Rammohun Roy's 250th birth anniversary, a raga called Rammohan, combining ragas Mohankauns and Ramkeli to do so. He performed a short version of this at Smith College, Massachusetts, on 17th September 2022, and the complete version, including slow and fast khayal compositions, in Calcutta on 5th December 2022.
Awards and honours
1991 Betty Trask Award and Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book for A Strange and Sublime Address
1994 Encore Award and Southern Arts Literature Prize, Afternoon Raag
1999 Los Angeles Times Book Prize, Freedom Song
2002 Sahitya Akademi Award, A New World
2012 Rabindra Puraskar, On Tagore
2012 Infosys Prize for the Humanities in Literary Studies
He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2009.
Awards for his fiction include the Commonwealth Writers Prize, the Betty Trask Prize, the Encore Prize, the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Fiction, and the Indian government's Sahitya Akademi Award. Finding the Raga (2021) won the James Tait Black Prize at Edinburgh in August 2022. Dr. Simon Cooke, one of the judges in the Biography category, called Finding the Raga “a work of great depth, subtlety, and resonance, which unobtrusively changed the way we thought about music, place, and creativity. Folding the ethos of the raga into its own form, it is a beautifully voiced, quietly subversive masterpiece in the art of listening to the world.” He received the Rabindra Puraskar from the Government of West Bengal for his book On Tagore. He was also given the Sangeet Samman by the Government of West Bengal for his contribution to Hindustani classical music. He is an honorary fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.
In 2022, he was awarded the James Tait Memorial Prize for his book Finding the Raga: An Improvisation on Indian Music.
In September 2020, he was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the Modern Language Association (MLA).
In 2013, Chaudhuri became the first person to be awarded the Infosys Prize for outstanding contribution to the humanities in Literary Studies, by a jury comprising Amartya Sen, Akeel Bilgrami (Columbia University), Homi Bhabha (Harvard), Sheldon Pollock (Columbia), former Indian chief justice Leila Seth, and legal thinker Upendra Baxi (Warwick). In his prize-giving address, Amartya Sen said: "He [Chaudhuri] is of course a remarkable intellectual with a great record for literary writing showing a level of sensibility as well as a kind of quiet humanity which is quite rare. It really is quite extraordinary that someone could have had that kind of range that Amit Chaudhuri has in terms of his work and it could be so consistently of the highest quality."
Bibliography
Novels
Afternoon Raag. Heinemann, 1993,
Freedom Song. Picador, 1998; Alfred A. Knopf, 1999, excerpt
; Random House Digital, Inc., 2002,
A strange and sublime address. Penguin, 2012,
Friend of My Youth, 2017, Penguin Random House India
Collected short stories
Poetry
Libretto
Sukanya, the only opera by Ravi Shankar
Non-fiction
Small Orange Flags (Seagull, 2003)
Calcutta: Two Years in the City, Union Books (2013)
Edited anthologies
Memory's Gold: Writings on Calcutta (2008)
Critical studies and reviews
Review of Odysseus Abroad.
Reprints
Newspaper articles
See also
List of Indian writers
References
External links
Amit Chaudhuri at Twitter
Amit Chaudhuri at the Munzinger-Archiv
Amit Chaudhuri at the Los Angeles Review of Books
"Surpanakha", story at The Little Magazine
"An unlikely radical", The Hindu
"A date with Amit Chaudhuri", The Telegraph
1962 births
20th-century Indian essayists
20th-century Indian male writers
20th-century Indian novelists
Academics of the University of East Anglia
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Alumni of University College London
Bengali Hindus
Bengali writers
English-language writers from India
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Indian emigrants to England
Indian male essayists
Indian male novelists
Living people
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in English
Writers from Kolkata
Writers from Mumbai
Chauduri, Amit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amit%20Chaudhuri
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Umbra is a sans-serif display typeface designed in 1935 by R. Hunter Middleton for the Ludlow Typograph company. It is an adaptation of the uppercase light weight of his earlier typeface Tempo. The name Umbra refers to its shadow effect, in which the actual letter shape consists of negative space and is defined solely by its black dimensional shadow. Several other typefaces were created in similar style around the same time, including shadowed weights of Gill Sans. Nebiolo's Ombra, part of their Semplicità family, is very similar.
Umbra has been digitised.
References
Display typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1935
Letterpress typefaces
Typefaces designed by R. Hunter Middleton
Geometric sans-serif typefaces
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbra%20%28typeface%29
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"The Plausible Impossible" is an episode of the Disneyland television program, originally broadcast on October 31, 1956.
Walt Disney explains how drawings and animation make things that are impossible seem plausible, as evidenced in ancient history (i.e., Egyptian gods, dragons, and various creatures from Greek mythology) and various cartoons with Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. This episode also includes an unfinished form of one scene from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) that ultimately ended up on the cutting room floor and was not used in the final film. This episode culminates with the "Night on Bald Mountain" segment of Fantasia (1940).
The episode features the cartoons Donald's Cousin Gus and Thru the Mirror.
Home media
The short was released on December 3, 2002, on Walt Disney Treasures: Behind the Scenes at the Walt Disney Studio.
References
External links
Walt Disney anthology television series episodes
1956 American television episodes
History of animation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Plausible%20Impossible
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