text stringlengths 3 277k | source stringlengths 31 193 |
|---|---|
The Burdekin Bridge (known as the Burdekin River Bridge or Silver Link) spans the Burdekin River between the towns of Ayr (locality of McDesme) to the north and Home Hill to the south, both in the Shire of Burdekin, Queensland, Australia. Located on the Bruce Highway which is part of Highway 1, it is an important link in the national road network. It is a road-rail bridge which provides high flood immunity link between north and south Queensland.
The Bridge was completed in 1957. Construction began 10 years earlier in 1947. At in length, it is one of the longest multi-span bridges in Australia and longer than Brisbane's Story Bridge or New South Wales's Hawkesbury River Railway Bridge. It is 46 metres shorter than Sydney's Harbour Bridge. It is the only bridge in Australia to be built on sand.
History
Prior to the construction of the high-level Burdekin Bridge, there were two low-level bridges over the Burdekin River, one for road and one for rail. These bridges were frequently impassable due to flooding of the river. Remnants of the old rail bridge can be seen immediately downstream of the present bridge.
Originally, it was thought that the bridge could not be built in its present location. No trace of rock could be found on which to build the bridge foundations. In 1946, two high-ranking Government engineers visited India to inspect a number of bridges built on sand foundations. The same technique was used for the Burdekin Bridge and it is the only bridge in Australia not built with a firm foothold.
The bridge rests on 11 huge, hollow, concrete caissons sunk into the river bed. The caissons are 17 metres across the top (measured parallel to the stream) and vary in width from 5.5 to 7.6 metres. The caissons were sunk into the river bed to a depth of about 30 metres. Add to that the approximately 20 metres that the caissons rise above the bed and the result is some very massive pieces of concrete. Each weighs about 4,000 tons. The caissons were fitted with steel "cutting edges" to help them sink. The steel used in the cutting edges weighed 238 tons.
Construction of the first caisson started in 1947 after the "wet season". As each caisson rose in height, sand was removed from the centre of the caisson to make it sink into the sand bed. To get such a tremendous mass to sink gradually and evenly was difficult. To add to the difficulties, often a caisson became stuck and a diver had to be sent down to find the problem and remedy it. Another difficulty was that each caisson had to be sunk to a secure depth before the "wet season". If a caisson was not firmly anchored deep enough, a flood could have swept it away.
Because the bridge does not have rock foundations but is entirely supported by sand, it is sometimes described as a floating bridge. It is not a true floating bridge as it does not float on water.
The metal bridge spans were bolted together with high-tensile bolts instead of being riveted. At the time, no other Australian bridge had ever been constructed this way.
With all the difficulties, plus the shortage of steel after World War II, the construction took almost a decade to complete at a cost of $6 million. The bridge officially opened on 27 March 1957. Despite these setbacks, the new bridge greatly assisted in travel between Ayr, Queensland and Home Hill, Queensland and formed a vital link between North and South Queensland.
The Silver Link replaced the Inkerman Bridge which is set just above the river bed. It was regularly covered and washed away by flood waters but it is still possible to see the remains of the old bridge when the river level is low.
Due to the special construction of the bridge, with steel beams forming a truss over the highway, it is regularly being closed to let pass oversize loads which take both lanes on the narrow bridge.
In October 2010, the Burdekin Bridge was recognised as a National Engineering Heritage Landmark.
A 5-year bridge maintenance and rehabilitation project had commenced in 2013. It is the first major structural rehabilitation work undertaken since the bridge construction. This maintenance and rehabilitation program is continuing in July 2022, with an expected total cost of $96.9 million.
Engineering heritage
The bridge was listed as an Engineering Heritage National Landmark by Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.
See also
List of road-rail bridges
References
Further reading
External links
Burdekin Bridge Discover Queensland Buildings website
Bridges completed in 1957
Buildings and structures in North Queensland
Road bridges in Queensland
Railway bridges in Queensland
Road-rail bridges
Steel bridges in Australia
1957 establishments in Australia
Recipients of Engineers Australia engineering heritage markers
Burdekin River
Truss bridges in Australia
Home Hill, Queensland
Ayr, Queensland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdekin%20Bridge |
Ján Chryzostom Korec, SJ (22 January 1924 – 24 October 2015) was a Slovak Jesuit priest and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was ordained as a priest in 1950 and consecrated as a bishop in 1951.
Because of the government's suppression of the Catholic Church, he spent 39 years as working as a priest without government authorisation, either in prison or by supporting himself as a labourer.
In 1990, Pope John Paul II named him Bishop of Nitra and in 1991 named him a cardinal. Korec retired in 2005 and died in 2015.
Early life
He was born to a working-class family. His father, Ján Korec, and his mother, Mária Drábiková, were labourers at a local leather factory in Bošany. He had two older siblings; his brother, Anton, was imprisoned during the first wave of communist persecution in 1951, and his sister was Štefánia. His family lived a humble life with limited resources.
Korec entered the Society of Jesus in 1939 and studied Catholic theology and philosophy.
Under communism
During the order's suppression by the communists, he was forced to discontinue his philosophical studies. He entered the priesthood in 1950. One year later, at the age of 27, he was secretly consecrated a bishop by Bishop Pavol Hnilica on 24 August 1951 and became the youngest Catholic bishop in the world. He then worked for three years at the Tatrachema Company and then at the Institute of Work Hygiene and Work-Related Diseases. On 30 June 1958, he was forced to leave the institute, and on 10 September, he began working as a night watchman for the Prefa Company. He then worked as a maintenance worker at the Juraj Dimitrov Chemical Company, one of the largest companies in Bratislava.
He was imprisoned from 1960 to 1968 and meanwhile cared for the spiritual welfare of his fellow prisoners. Korec spent most of that period in Valdice, a Czech prison. There were at least 250 priests and several bishops being held: Vojtašák, Zela, Otčenášek, Hlad and Hopko. The clergymen were forced to share prison cells with some of the country's worst criminals. He later described his experiences in Night of the Barbarians. After many petitions, he was released during a general amnesty in 1968.
Despite his bad health, Korec continued to work as a street cleaner and as a factory worker. He meanwhile also continued his active life as a leader of the underground Church. He led spiritual retreats for students and counseled young people, seminarians and priests. His private apartment in Petržalka on Vilova Street 7 became a highly-sought centre of his underground ministry. Many people, laypersons and priests went to him for spiritual advice. Because the publication of Christian literature was proscribed, Korec wrote samizdat books, which were secretly printed and distributed. He also secretly ordained priests because the law allowed for the ordination by government-approved clerics and limited ordinations so that it could restrict church activity.
The secret police, the Štátna Tajná Bezpečnost, watched Korec's apartment closely, and two attempts were made to assassinate him.
Later life
In 1990, after the fall of the Iron Curtain, Pope John Paul II appointed him as bishop of Nitra
On 29 May 1991, John Paul II made Korec a cardinal. He was invested as a cardinal in a consistory on 28 June and was named cardinal-priest of Santi Fabiano e Venanzio a Villa Fiorelli.
On 13 June 2012, Korec was admitted to the hospital for a ruptured appendix. He suffered a perforated appendicitis and severe peritonitis, and his vital signs were beginning to fail. The doctors operated on him, but his condition still remained critical. By 18 June, it was announced that his condition had not improved and that he was breathing only by a respirator. On 20 June, it was announced that the condition of Korec had significantly improved, which was a great surprise for all of Slovakia.
Korec remained active in the Church and in his social life. He received three honorary degrees from universities in the United States. He published regularly, especially in the Slovak magazine "Kultúrny Život".
After the fall of the Iron Curtain and the revival of democracy in Czechoslovakia, Korec became an influential leader in all aspects of social, economic and political developments in Slovakia.
He supported Slovak independence and opposed the Christian Democrats, who implemented stringent free-market policies that caused a rapid rise in unemployment and economic hardship. He allied himself more closely with the left-wing parties and Slovak Prime Minister Mečiar, who played a significant role in the Velvet Divorce between the Czechs and the Slovaks and tried to maintain a certain political neutrality.
The 40 years of communist domination left the Slovak Catholic Church in ruins. There was a shortage of priests, and church buildings needed to be renovated. In addition, Catholic education had suffered severe drawbacks, and new schools needed to be built. There was also a shortage of teachers, and Catholic media was nonexistent. Besides restoring the Church and Catholic education, he restored a good relationship with the Jewish minority.
In 1987, Korec was one of the 24 Slovak activists who signed the "Declaration of Apology," an official apology to all Jews in Slovakia who had suffered deportation during World War II. The Cardinal condemned the deportations, which he called "an inhumane act".
In retirement, Korec lived in Nitra and remained active as a writer and adviser.
In February 2014, Liverpool Hope University, in Britain, awarded him an honorary doctorate for his lifelong achievements on behalf of freedom, democracy and world peace.
Awards
For his proper footing and steadfast faith, he was granted several awards and honorary doctorates. His life's work was also appreciated at foreign universities, including the University of Notre Dame, in South Bend (1986); University of Sacred Heart, in Bridgeport (1992); and the Catholic University in Washington (1993). Other honorary doctorates were awarded to him by the Polish Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski (2003) and Liverpool Hope University, UK (2014).
He won in 1993, the state prize of the French Republic, in 1995 the state award Rad Stur Class and in 1999 the state award Order of Andrej Hlinka.
Criticism
He was highly criticised by some segments of the community because he was perceived as having a positive attitude towards Jozef Tiso and the first Slovak Republic. Critics cite for example the 1990 unveiling of a commemorative plaque for Tiso in Banovce nad Bebravou or the memorial service he held for Tiso and the 50th anniversary of Tiso's execution. In August 1997, he publicly defended the exiled historian Stanislav Durica Milan in connection with the controversial book "History of Slovakia and Slovaks, which advocated several policies from the period of the first Slovak Republic.
Writing
His book production accounts for more than 80 titles each with several editions and is a prominent part of the Slovak Christian literature of the 20th century. His writing is also included in numerous and various Samizdat magazines. These publications include:
Philosophical questions of dialectical materialism, 1947.
The drama of atheistic humanism. Reflections on Christian spirituality.
The origin of man, (Samizdat, 1949)
The responsibility of Sciences, (Samizdat, 1971)
Over the origin and development of life, (Samizdat, 1971)
Salvation in Christ, (Samizdat, 1972)
In the light of the Good News. (Samizdat, 1985)
Christ the priest, (Samizdat, 1987)
The mission of the priest, (Samizdat, 1987)
Church amid challenges, (Samizdat, 1987)
Church of development, (Samizdat, 1987)
Reflections on man, Bratislava, I-II, 1992/1993 3rd ed. 1992 (formerly CA, 1986).
Who is the man. In: (Slovak views, 1993), no. 1
Cyril and Methodius tradition today. In: (Slovak views, 1993, no. 7)
Philosopher of common sense. In: (Verbum, 2000, no. 4), pp. 65–88.
See also
Jesuit cardinal
References
Bibliography
External links
Catholic Hierarchy
1924 births
2015 deaths
People from Partizánske District
Slovak Jesuits
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Slovakia
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Slovakia
Slovak cardinals
Roman Catholic bishops in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovak prisoners and detainees
Slovak prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Czechoslovakia
Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II
Jesuit cardinals
Bishops of Nitra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1n%20Chryzostom%20Korec |
A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry). The index of refraction is calculated from the observed refraction angle using Snell's law. For mixtures, the index of refraction then allows to determine the concentration using mixing rules such as the Gladstone–Dale relation and Lorentz–Lorenz equation.
Refractometry
Standard refractometers measure the extent of light refraction (as part of a refractive index) of transparent substances in either a liquid or solid-state; this is then used in order to identify a liquid sample, analyze the sample's purity, and determine the amount or concentration of dissolved substances within the sample. As light passes through the liquid from the air it will slow down and create a ‘bending’ illusion, the severity of the ‘bend’ will depend on the amount of substance dissolved in the liquid. For example, the amount of sugar in a glass of water.
Types
There are four main types of refractometers: traditional handheld refractometers, digital handheld refractometers, laboratory or Abbe refractometers (named for the instrument's inventor and based on Ernst Abbe's original design of the 'critical angle') and inline process refractometers. There is also the Rayleigh Refractometer used (typically) for measuring the refractive indices of gases.
In laboratory medicine, a refractometer is used to measure the total plasma protein in a blood sample and urine specific gravity in a urine sample.
In drug diagnostics, a refractometer is used to measure the specific gravity of human urine.
In gemology, the gemstone refractometer is one of the fundamental pieces of equipment used in a gemological laboratory. Gemstones are transparent minerals and can therefore be examined using optical methods. Refractive index is a material constant, dependent on the chemical composition of a substance. The refractometer is used to help identify gem materials by measuring their refractive index, one of the principal properties used in determining the type of a gemstone. Due to the dependence of the refractive index on the wavelength of the light used (i.e. dispersion), the measurement is normally taken at the wavelength of the sodium line D-line (NaD) of ~589 nm. This is either filtered out from daylight or generated with a monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED). Certain stones such as rubies, sapphires, tourmalines and topaz are optically anisotropic. They demonstrate birefringence based on the polarisation plane of the light. The two different refractive indexes are classified using a polarisation filter. Gemstone refractometers are available both as classic optical instruments and as electronic measurement devices with a digital display.
In marine aquarium keeping, a refractometer is used to measure the salinity and specific gravity of the water.
In the automobile industry, a refractometer is used to measure the coolant concentration.
In the machine industry, a refractometer is used to measure the amount of coolant concentrate that has been added to the water-based coolant for the machining process.
In homebrewing, a brewing refractometer is used to measure the specific gravity before fermentation to determine the amount of fermentable sugars which will potentially be converted to alcohol.
Brix refractometers are often used by hobbyists for making preserves including jams, marmalades and honey. In beekeeping, a brix refractometer is used to measure the amount of water in honey.
Automatic
Automatic refractometers automatically measure the refractive index of a sample. The automatic measurement of the refractive index of the sample is based on the determination of the critical angle of total reflection.
A light source, usually a long-life LED, is focused onto a prism surface via a lens system. An interference filter guarantees the specified wavelength. Due to focusing light to a spot at the prism surface, a wide range of different angles is covered.
As shown in the figure "Schematic setup of an automatic refractometer" the measured sample is in direct contact with the measuring prism. Depending on its refractive index, the incoming light below the critical angle of total reflection is partly transmitted into the sample, whereas for higher angles of incidence the light is totally reflected. This dependence of the reflected light intensity from the incident angle is measured with a high-resolution sensor array. From the video signal taken with the CCD sensor the refractive index of the sample can be calculated.
This method of detecting the angle of total reflection is independent on the sample properties. It is even possible to measure the refractive index of optically dense strongly absorbing samples or samples containing air bubbles or solid particles . Furthermore, only a few microliters are required and the sample can be recovered. This determination of the refraction angle is independent of vibrations and other environmental disturbances.
Influence of wavelength
The refractive index of a given sample varies with wavelength for all materials. This dispersion relation is nonlinear and is characteristic for every material. In the visible range, a decrease of the refractive index comes with increasing wavelength. In glass prisms very little absorption is observable. In the infrared wavelength range several absorption maxima and fluctuations in the refractive index appear. To guarantee a high quality measurement with an accuracy of up to 0.00002 in the refractive index the wavelength has to be determined correctly. Therefore, in modern refractometers the wavelength is tuned to a bandwidth of +/-0.2 nm to ensure correct results for samples with different dispersions.
Influence of temperature
Temperature has a very important influence on the refractive index measurement. Therefore, the temperature of the prism and the temperature of the sample have to be controlled with high precision. There are several subtly-different designs for controlling the temperature; but there are some key factors common to all, such as high-precision temperature sensors and Peltier devices to control the temperature of the sample and the prism. The temperature control of these devices should be designed so that the variation in sample temperature is small enough that it will not cause a detectable refractive-index change.
External water baths were used in the past but are no longer needed.
Extended possibilities of automatic refractometers
Automatic refractometers are microprocessor-controlled electronic devices. This means they can have a high degree of automation and also be combined with other measuring devices
Flow cells
There are different types of sample cells available, ranging from a flow cell for a few microliters to sample cells with a filling funnel for fast sample exchange without cleaning the measuring prism in between. The sample cells can also be used for the measurement of poisonous and toxic samples with minimum exposure to the sample.
Micro cells require only a few microliters volume, assure good recovery of expensive samples and prevent evaporation of volatile samples or solvents. They can also be used in automated systems for automatic filling of the sample onto the refractometer prism.
For convenient filling of the sample through a funnel, flow cells with a filling funnel are available. These are used for fast sample exchange in quality control applications.
Automatic sample feeding
Once an automatic refractometer is equipped with a flow cell, the sample can either be filled by means of a syringe or by using a peristaltic pump. Modern refractometers have the option of a built-in peristaltic pump. This is controlled via the instrument's software menu. A peristaltic pump opens the way to monitor batch processes in the laboratory or perform multiple measurements on one sample without any user interaction. This eliminates human error and assures a high sample throughput.
If an automated measurement of a large number of samples is required, modern automatic refractometers can be combined with an automatic sample changer. The sample changer is controlled by the refractometer and assures fully automated measurements of the samples placed in the vials of the sample changer for measurements.
Multiparameter measurements
Today's laboratories do not only want to measure the refractive index of samples, but several additional parameters like density or viscosity to perform efficient quality control. Due to the microprocessor control and a number of interfaces, automatic refractometers are able to communicate with computers or other measuring devices, e.g. density meters, pH meters or viscosity meters, to store refractive index data and density data (and other parameters) into one database.
Software features
Automatic refractometers do not only measure the refractive index, but offer a lot of additional software features, like
Instrument settings and configuration via software menu
Automatic data recording into a database
User-configurable data output
Export of measuring data into Microsoft Excel data sheets
Statistical functions
Predefined methods for different kinds of applications
Automatic checks and adjustments
Check if sufficient amount of sample is on the prism
Data recording only if the results are plausible
Pharma documentation and validation
Refractometers are often used in pharmaceutical applications for quality control of raw intermediate and final products. The manufacturers of pharmaceuticals have to follow several international regulations like FDA 21 CFR Part 11, GMP, Gamp 5, USP<1058>, which require a lot of documentation work. The manufacturers of automatic refractometers support these users providing instrument software fulfills the requirements of 21 CFR Part 11, with user levels, electronic signature and audit trail. Furthermore, Pharma Validation and Qualification Packages are available containing
Qualification Plan (QP)
Design Qualification (DQ)
Risk Analysis
Installation Qualification (IQ)
Operational Qualification (OQ)
Check List 21 CFR Part 11 / SOP
Performance Qualification (PQ)
Scales typically used
Brix
Oechsle scale
Plato scale
Baumé scale
See also
Ernst Abbe
Refractive index
Gemology
Must weight
Winemaking
Harvest (wine)
Gravity (beer)
High-fructose corn syrup
Cutting fluid
German inventors and discoverers
High refractive index polymers
References
Further reading
External links
Refractometer – Gemstone Buzz uses, procedure & limitations.
Rayleigh Refractometer: Operational Principles
Refractometers and refractometry explains how refractometers work.
Measuring instruments
Scales
Beekeeping tools
Food analysis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractometer |
KUNP (channel 16) is a television station licensed to La Grande, Oregon, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language Univision network. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside Portland-based ABC affiliate KATU (channel 2). Both stations share studios on NE Sandy Boulevard in Portland, while KUNP's transmitter is located east of Cove atop Mount Fanny, within eastern Oregon's Wallowa–Whitman National Forest.
Because of the location of its transmitter facilities from Downtown Portland, KUNP's over-the-air signal is unable to reach Portland proper. To overcome this, its signal is relayed on a low-power translator station, KUNP-LD (channel 47), which serves the immediate Portland area from a transmitter on NW Willamette Stone Park Road (near NW Skyline Boulevard) in the Sylvan-Highlands section of Portland, along with cable and satellite coverage folded into KATU's retransmission consent agreements to cover the market, along with some outlying areas. It also previously relayed its signal via analog translator KABH-LP (channel 15) in Bend. KABH was owned by WatchTV, Inc., alongside its crosstown Portland HSN affiliate KORK-CA, but was operated by Sinclair under a local marketing agreement (LMA). KABH's license was canceled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on March 19, 2015, for failure to file a license renewal application.
History
The station was founded on August 6, 1999, and formally signed on the air on December 3, 2001 as KBPD; it changed its call letters to KPOU on May 14, 2002. The call letters changed again to the current KUNP on December 15, 2006. KABH-LP was founded on June 1, 1992 as K15DO, but did not take to the air until November 3, 1993.
KUNP was originally owned by Equity Broadcasting Corporation; it was acquired by Fisher Communications on November 3, 2006, along with KUNS-TV in Seattle. Fisher would associate the two stations with the ABC affiliates it already owned in those markets, KATU and KOMO-TV. At one point, KUNP also had KKEI-CA as another translator prior to the Fisher acquisition. That station now serves Portland as a Telemundo affiliate. That station is also owned by WatchTV, Inc., owner of the now-defunct KABH-LP.
On August 21, 2012, Fisher Communications signed an affiliation agreement with MundoFox, a Spanish-language competitor to Univision that was owned as a joint venture between Fox International Channels and Colombian broadcaster RCN TV, for KUNP and Seattle sister station KUNS to be carried on both stations as digital subchannels starting in late September. On April 11, 2013, Fisher announced that it would sell its television and radio station properties, including KUNP, to the Sinclair Broadcast Group. The deal was completed on August 8, 2013. MundoFox would eventually rebrand as MundoMax in 2015 before ending all operations on December 1, 2016. This left KUNP-DT2 vacant until mid-February 2017, when it became a charter carrier of Sinclair's English language network TBD.
On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group entered into an agreement to acquire Tribune Media – owner of CW affiliate KRCW-TV (channel 32) – for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in debt held by Tribune, pending regulatory approval by the FCC and the U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division. KUNP would not have been affected as its contours do not overlap with either KATU or KRCW. However, as current FCC rules forbid broadcasters from legally owning more than two full-power television stations in a single market and require at least eight distinct owners after the creation of a duopoly (there would be too few remaining if a new one is created), the companies would have been required to sell either KATU or KRCW to another station group in order to comply with FCC ownership rules preceding approval of the acquisition; however, a sale of either station to an independent buyer was dependent on later decisions by the FCC regarding local ownership of broadcast television stations and future acts by Congress.
On July 18, 2018, the FCC voted to have the Sinclair–Tribune acquisition reviewed by an administrative law judge amid "serious concerns" about Sinclair's forthrightness in its applications to sell certain conflict properties. Three weeks later on August 9, Tribune announced it would terminate the Sinclair deal, intending to seek other M&A opportunities. Tribune also filed a breach of contract lawsuit in the Delaware Chancery Court, alleging that Sinclair engaged in protracted negotiations with the FCC and the U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division over regulatory issues, refused to sell stations in markets where it already had properties, and proposed divestitures to parties with ties to Sinclair executive chair David D. Smith that were rejected or highly subject to rejection to maintain control over stations it was required to sell.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
Since KUNP did not sign on-the-air before the April 21, 1997, deadline for the FCC's digital television allotment plan, the station was not granted a companion digital signal. Therefore, on or before June 12, 2009, the station was required to turn off its analog signal and turn on a new digital signal (a method known as a "flash cut") on UHF channel 16. KUNP-LP, as a low-power station, continued to broadcast in analog until April 13, 2012, when it made its flash-cut to digital transmission on UHF channel 47 and changing its callsign suffix from '-LP' to '-LD'.
Translator
Cable and satellite availability
"Must-carry" regulations imposed by the FCC require most cable television providers across the Portland market to carry KUNP on their lineups. In the past under Equity ownership, the station was not available on all cable systems, as many of these providers were under carriage agreements for the national cable feed for the network, which allowed them control of several minutes throughout the day of local commercial time that would not be available if they instead carried KUNP. Equity traditionally depended completely on must-carry to bring its stations to cable providers, and the same was the case with KUNP before the sale of the station to Fisher. Retransmission consent agreements for providers in the Portland market made after Sinclair's purchase of KATU and KUNP effectively made carriage of KUNP compulsory as part of the compensation for carrying KATU (along with its subchannels), though some smaller systems in communities with a relatively low Hispanic population and limited channel capacity have been given a waiver from KUNP carriage.
On April 17, 2012, DirecTV began carrying KUNP's high definition signal as part of its local broadcast station package for the Portland area (on channel 47). Up until that point, the satellite provider only carried the station's standard definition signal.
References
External links
Hispanic and Latino American culture in Portland, Oregon
Univision network affiliates
Charge! (TV network) affiliates
TBD (TV network) affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 2001
UNP
La Grande, Oregon
2001 establishments in Oregon
Spanish-language television stations in Oregon
Sinclair Broadcast Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KUNP |
Stefan Avalos is an American Filmmaker, Musician and Journalist, best known for his work in film. Together with his partner Lance Weiler, he made The Last Broadcast (1997), a horror film based on found footage. The two men wrote, directed, starred in, and produced the film together. It was shown at film festivals, winning Best Feature Film Silver Prize at the Chicago Underground Film Festival.
Trained as a classical violinist, Avalos performed as a soloist with, among others, the Philadelphia Orchestra.
Biography
Avalos studied classical violin from childhood, but by early high school, he realized his true love was film. He made amateur movies in high school and studied filmmaking in college.
He has worked in many aspects of the film business, producing and directing commercials for foreign television, as well as working for numerous American clients. These included Rescue 911, Frontline, and MTV. In 1993, he wrote, produced and directed his first feature film, 'The Game' (also known as The Money Game).
Together with his partner Lance Weiler, he made The Last Broadcast (1997), a horror film based on found footage. Later, partnering with Esther Robinson and David Beard, Avalos created Wavelength Releasing. In October 1998, Wavelength Releasing made the first fully digital national theatrical release of a feature film via satellite: The Last Broadcast.
In 1999, The Last Broadcast was the first feature motion film to be screened digitally at the Cannes Film Festival.
Avalos has lectured in Europe, the United States, South America, Japan and Canada about digital filmmaking, and written articles about it for numerous publications.
In 2004, Avalos made the supernatural thriller, The Ghosts of Edendale. Other work includes animation for Lost in La Mancha (2002), a documentary directed by Keith Fulton and Louis Pepe.
In 2007, Avalos was instrumental in investigating and breaking the story about "foreign levies" not being disbursed by the DGA and WGA to filmmakers for FADE IN MAGAZINE. He later became a representative for independent writers in the settlement case against the WGA.
In 2012, Avalos was the exclusive documentarian for the "Paris Double Blind" experiment.
In 2017, Avalos directed, produced, edited and shot the feature documentary, Strad Style. It follows the work of an Ohio man in trying to build a Stradivarius-quality violin for a highly ranked Romanian violinist.<ref>John DeFore, "Review: 'Strad Style'", Hollywood Reporter, May 8, 2017</ref> It premiered at Slamdance Film Festival. It won the Grand Jury Award and Audience Award for Best Feature Documentary.
In 2018, Avalos was invited to join Array inc. as Director At Large in a series of experiments demonstrating and developing emergent A.I. technology for motion picture and television special effects.
In 2019, Avalos began development on ATM BOY, a story discovered by Australian Crime Journalist, Adam ShandHonors
Stefan Avalos was recognized in 1997 as "one of the twenty-five people helping to reinvent entertainment" by Wired'' magazine.
Stefan Avalos was nominated for the Maysles Award at the Denver Film Festival in 2017.
References
American male violinists
American film directors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American violinists
21st-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Avalos |
The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center (formerly Lesbian and Gay Community Services Center), commonly called The Center, is a nonprofit organization serving the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population of New York City and nearby communities.
The center is located in the West Village at 208 West 13th Street in Lower Manhattan, in a historic building which formerly housed an elementary school and the High School for Food Trades.
History
19th century
The building was designed in the Italianate style, popular between the 1840s and 1870s, and erected by the City of New York. It was built prior to the Civil War in 1861; however, the date of the building's construction is unconfirmed. It is rumored that Abraham Lincoln once visited the building.
By 1867, it was in operation, known as "Grammar School No. 16 in the Ninth Ward." The city's Board of Education voted to repair the school's heaters that year. It was later called Public School 16.
In 1895, the school garnered a favorable review in Volume 7 of School magazine. The Evening version of the school was described as "most widely sought in this part of the city," in part because people wishing to apply needed either a recommendation from an employer or to bring their parents with them. The author credited the success of the school to Cecil A. Kidd, the school's principal.
By 1884, Kidd was principal of a Public School 184 in New York; as there are multiple P.S. 184s in New York currently, it is unclear which school he transferred to.
20th century
In 1921, the condition of the building was poor, described in a civic group's Worst 40 list as having “plumbing wet and foul,” “rooms small, dirty and dingy,” and a need for ventilation “top to bottom.”
In 1938, it became the Food Trades Vocational High School and had 300 students training for various culinary careers including butchers, bakers, cafeteria workers, tea room hostesses, and store clerks.
In 1961, Eleanor Roosevelt visited the school, and it was renamed the Food and Maritime Trades School, allowing 800 students to be enrolled. Its attendees were primarily Black and Puerto Rican.
1983 to present
In December 1983, the New York City Board of Estimates approved the sale of the former Food and Maritime Trades High School, located at 208 West 13th Street, to the Lesbian & Gay Community Services Center, Inc. for $1.5 million. In its first year, 60 groups met regularly at the center. Today, more than 300 groups call the center home.
Programs produced by the center include Center Wellness, an Adult Services Department working with people with AIDS, struggling with substance abuse issues, mental health challenges and much more; Youth Services, an activities-based program for LGBT youth; Center Cultural Programs, presenting established and emerging artists, writers, and activists to the community; Center Families, the center's family project.
The Pat Parker/Vito Russo Center Library is named in honor of individuals who championed LGBT causes in their professional and personal lives. The Center Library is a lending library connected with others around the city, sponsor of a monthly reading group, and producer and/or collaborator for literary events of interest to the LGBT community.
In 1985, the center became the temporary home to the Harvey Milk High School, a program of the Hetrick-Martin Institute. The Lesbian Switchboard became a permanent tenant after it was evicted from its former home, and Dignity, a Catholic gay and lesbian religious organization, sought refuge when it was expelled from Catholic churches.
The availability of meeting space was a major organizing tool for the LGBT movement in the 1980s and early 1990s. Groups that have expanded throughout the nation, such as the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), Queer Nation, Lesbian Avengers, and Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD), had their inception at the center. At one point in the early 1990s, the center was hosting regular meetings for more than three hundred groups.
Facilities and Activities
Every week, 6,000 people visit the center, and more than 300 groups meet in the building. These groups range from political activist organizations to social clubs. The center also frequently hosts speeches, performances, workshops, and commercially sponsored information sessions.
Numerous Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and other twelve-step recovery groups meet at the center. The center's Mental Health and Social Services division also sponsors support groups focused on coming out, transgender rights, bereavement, and other topics of concern to the LGBT community.
The center also houses Center Youth (previously called Y.E.S.), which provides support and resources for LGBTQ and allied youth. Programs such as both a young men's and a young women's discussion group, a gender exploration group, a safe schools network, a yearly summer camp and a variety of support groups are available to youth free of charge.
Recovery and Health
The center offers programs which care for the health and needs of the LGBT community. These programs include substance use treatments for adults and youths, recovery support, recovery resources, insurance enrollment, HIV & AIDS support, TGNC (trans and gender non-conforming) support, internships and professional training, and counseling and mental health.
Family and youth
The center provides support for individuals and their families. Some of the services and programming of the center include building families, strengthening families, connecting families, family therapy certification, and family resources.
The center provides a range of events and services for individuals ages 13–21 such as dances, movie screenings, open mic night, summer camp and discussion groups. The programming and services are connection, leadership, support, and youth resources.
Israeli Apartheid Week controversy
In February 2011, the center became embroiled in a controversy over a pro-Palestinian group that was to have a party in the building on March 5 during "Israeli Apartheid Week". The group, Siegebusters, planned to train activists and raise funds for another vessel to break the Israeli naval blockade of Gaza. Advocate columnist and porn producer Michael Lucas threatened a boycott, claiming that Israel is the only gay-friendly country in the Middle East, that the group was antisemitic, and that LGBT people in the Palestinian territories are tortured and killed. The center cancelled the party, stating that Siegebusters was not an LGBT-related group. Siegebusters protested the decision by organizing an online petition; whereas Lucas hailed the decision in an interview with The Jerusalem Post.
In May 2011, the center announced that it would allow the group Queers Against Israeli Apartheid to meet in their building. The Center defended the move, stating that it "provides space for a variety of LGBT voices in our community to engage in conversations on a range of topics." At the beginning of June 2011, the Center decided to place a "moratorium" on renting space to "groups that organize around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict."
See also
List of LGBT community centers
LGBT culture in New York City
References
External links
Stonewall Forever a Monument to 50 Years of Pride Stonewall Forever Monument
Organizations based in New York City
LGBT community centers in the United States
LGBT in New York (state)
LGBT organizations based in New York City
Organizations established in 1983
1983 in LGBT history
1983 establishments in New York City
LGBT culture in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian%2C%20Gay%2C%20Bisexual%20%26%20Transgender%20Community%20Center |
Derrick Samuel Alston Sr. (born August 20, 1972) is an American basketball coach and former player. In February 2023, Alston became the second head coach of the Montreal Alliance of the Canadian Elite Basketball League (CEBL). He previously coached primarily in the NBA G League, including as the head coach of the Westchester Knicks.
Early life
Born in The Bronx, New York, Alston played basketball at Hoboken High School in Hoboken, New Jersey.
Professional career
Alston, a power forward/center from Duquesne University, started off his professional career when he was selected 33rd overall in the 1994 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers for whom he played two seasons. He then played 2 games for the Atlanta Hawks in late 1996 before taking his game overseas.
Joining the New Zealand Breakers mid-season 2007–08, Alston made an immediate impact. Statwise, he reached the top 20 in the league for FG%, shooting at 56.0%, and offensive rebounds, while averaging 13.8 ppg and being instrumental in helping the Breakers reach the playoffs for the first time in club history.
Career statistics
NBA
|-
| align="left" | 1994–95
| align="left" | Philadelphia
| 64 || 1 || 16.1 || .465 || .000 || .492 || 3.4 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 4.7
|-
| align="left" | 1995–96
| align="left" | Philadelphia
| 73 || 41 || 22.1 || .512 || .333 || .491 || 4.1 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 6.2
|-
| align="left" | 1996–97
| align="left" | Atlanta
| 2 || 0 || 5.5 || .000 || .000 || .000 || 2.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 139 || 42 || 19.1 || .489 || .143 || .487 || 3.8 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 0.6 || 5.4
|}
College
|-
| align="left" | 1990–91
| align="left" | Duquesne
| 28 || 25 || 28.8 || .536 || .000 || .598 || 6.3 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 1.9 || 11.3
|-
| align="left" | 1991–92
| align="left" | Duquesne
| 28 || - || 32.8 || .556 || .000 || .526 || 8.0 || 1.5 || 1.2 || 2.1 || 13.9
|-
| align="left" | 1992–93
| align="left" | Duquesne
| 28 || 27 || 34.3 || .563 || 1.000 || .574 || 9.3 || 1.1 || 1.4 || 2.1 || 19.9
|-
| align="left" | 1993–94
| align="left" | Duquesne
| 30 || - || 36.0 || .578 || .000 || .601 || 7.3 || 1.4 || 1.6 || 1.8 || 21.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 114 || 52 || 33.0 || .561 || .333 || .576 || 7.7 || 1.3 || 1.2 || 2.0 || 16.7
|}
Coaching career
After retiring, in 2012, Alston joined the staff of the Houston Rockets and served as their Player Development Coach for two seasons 2012–2015. On October 27, 2015 he was hired by the Westchester Knicks to be an assistant coach.
In August 2014, Alston traveled to the Philippines as a SportsUnited Sports Envoy for the U.S. Department of State. In this function, he worked with Alison Feaster and Erik Spoelstra to conduct basketball clinics and events for more than 375 youth from underserved areas. In so doing, Alston helped contribute to SportsUnited's mission to advance the status of women and girls around the world and to show support to an important regional partner.
In August 2019, he was named head coach of the Westchester Knicks of the NBA G League. He held the head coaching position until the end of the 2021-22 season. On October 25, 2022, Alston was named an assistant coach of the NBA G League's College Park Skyhawks.
Personal life
Alston's son Derrick Alston Jr. was a college basketball player at Boise State, before embarking on a career in professional basketball. Alston also has a daughter (Avery).
References
External links
Eurobasket.com profile
basketball reference.com
ACB.com profile
College Stats
1972 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Croatia
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in New Zealand
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Anadolu Efes S.K. players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball coaches from New Jersey
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Bàsquet Manresa players
BCM Gravelines players
Boca Juniors basketball players
Centers (basketball)
Duquesne Dukes men's basketball players
FC Barcelona Bàsquet players
Hoboken High School alumni
KK Split players
La Unión basketball players
Libertad de Sunchales basketball players
Liga ACB players
Canadian Elite Basketball League coaches
PBC Ural Great players
Philadelphia 76ers draft picks
Philadelphia 76ers players
Power forwards (basketball)
Real Madrid Baloncesto players
Sportspeople from Hoboken, New Jersey
Basketball players from Hudson County, New Jersey
Basketball players from the Bronx
Türk Telekom B.K. players
Valencia Basket players
Westchester Knicks coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick%20Alston |
"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was" or "The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear" () is a German folktale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales (KHM 4). The tale was also included by Andrew Lang in The Blue Fairy Book (1889).
It is classified as its own Aarne–Thompson index type 326. It refers to tales of a male protagonist's unsuccessful attempts to learn how to feel fear.
This tale type did not appear in any early literary collection but is heavily influenced by the medieval adventure of Sir Lancelot du Lac called in which he spends a night in a haunted castle and undergoes almost the same ordeals as the youth.
Origin
The tale was published by the Brothers Grimm in the second edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen in 1819. The first edition (1812) contained a much shorter version titled "Good Bowling and Card-Playing" (). Their immediate source was Ferdinand Siebert from the village of Treysa near Kassel; the Brothers Grimm also knew several variants of this widespread tale.
Synopsis
A father had two sons. The dimwitted younger son, when asked by his father what he would like to learn to support himself, said he would like to learn how to shudder (as in, learn to have fear). A sexton told the father that he could teach the boy. After teaching him to ring the church bell, he sent him one midnight to ring it and came after him, dressed as a ghost. The boy demanded an explanation. When the sexton did not answer, the boy, unafraid, pushed him down the stairs, breaking his leg.
His horrified father turned him out of house, so the boy set out to learn how to shudder. He complained whenever he could, "If only I could shudder!" One man advised him to stay the night beneath the gallows, where seven hanged men were still hanging. He did so, and set a fire for the night. When the hanged bodies shook in the wind, he thought they must be cold. He cut them down and sat them close to his fire, but they did not stir even when their clothing caught on fire. The boy, annoyed at their carelessness, hung them back up in the gallows.
After the incident at the gallows, he began traveling with a waggoner. When one night they arrived at an inn, the inn-keeper told him that if he wanted to know how to shudder, he should visit the haunted castle nearby. If he could manage to stay there for three nights in a row, he could learn how to shudder, as well as win the king's daughter and all of the rich treasures of the castle. Many men had tried, but none had succeeded.
The boy accepted the challenge and went to the king. The king agreed, and told him that he may bring with him three non-living things into the castle. The boy asked for a fire, a lathe, and a cutting board with a knife.
The first night, as the boy sat in his room, two voices from the corner of the room moaned into the night, complaining about the cold. The boy, unafraid, claimed that the owners of the voices were stupid not to warm themselves with the fire. Suddenly, two black cats jumped out of the corner and, seeing the calm boy, proposed a card game. The boy tricked the cats and trapped them with the cutting board and knife. Black cats and dogs emerged from every patch of darkness in the room, and the boy fought and killed each of them with his knife. Then, from the darkness, a bed appeared. He lay down on it, preparing for sleep, but it began walking all over the castle. Still unafraid, the boy urged it to go faster. The bed turned upside down on him, but the boy, unfazed, just tossed the bed aside and slept next to the fire until morning.
As the boy settled in for his second night in the castle, half of a man fell down the chimney. The boy, again unafraid, shouted up the chimney that the other half was needed. The other half, hearing the boy, fell from the chimney and reunited with the rest. More men followed with human skulls and dead men's legs with which to play nine-pins. The amused boy shaped the skulls into better balls with his lathe and joined the men until midnight, when they vanished into thin air.
On his third and final night in the castle, the boy heard a strange noise. Six men entered his room, carrying a coffin. The boy, unafraid but distraught, believed the body to be his own dead cousin. As he tried to warm the body, it came back to life, and, confusedly, threatened to strangle him. The boy, angry at his ingratitude, closed the coffin on top of the man again. An old man hearing the noise came to see the boy. He visited with him, bragging that he could knock an anvil straight to the ground. The old man brought him to the basement and, while showing the boy his trick, the boy split the anvil and trapped the old man's beard in it, and then proceeded to beat the man with an iron rod. The man, desperate for mercy, showed the boy all of the treasures in the castle.
The following morning, the king told the boy that he could win his lovely daughter. The boy agreed, though upset that he had still not learned how to shudder.
After their wedding, the boy's continuing complaints "If only I could shudder!" annoyed his wife to no end. Reaching her wits' end, she sent for a bucketful of stream water, complete with gudgeons. She tossed the freezing water onto her husband while he was asleep. As he awoke, shuddering, he exclaimed that while he had finally learned to shudder, he still did not know what true fear was.
History
The fairy tale is based on a tale from the German state of Mecklenburg and one from Zwehrn in Hesse, probably from Dorothea Viehmann, as told by Ferdinand Siebert from the area of the Schwalm.
In the first edition of "Gut Kegel- und Kartenspiel" (translated "Good Bowling and Card Playing") from 1812, the story is limited to the castle and begins with the king's offer to win his daughter when she turned 14. The hero is not a fool but merely a bold young man who, being very poor, wishes to try it.
The full story was only published in the journal "Wünschelruthe Nr. 4" in 1818, and one year later in the "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" second edition from 1819.
Interpretations
Fear was a major topic for Søren Kierkegaard, who wrote Frygt og Bæven in 1843; he uses the fairy tale to show how fear within one's belief system can lead to freedom.
Hedwig von Beit interprets cats as the forerunners of the later ghost: They suggest a game which the ghost plays in some variation too, and are trapped like him. Spirits of the dead appear in animals, and bowling games in fairy tales often consist of skull and bones. The underworldly aspect of the Unconscious appears, when consciousness treats it in a disapproving fashion, just as the naive not actually courageous son does in compensation to the behavior of the others. He naively treats ghosts like real enemies, and does not become panicky, so that the unconscious conflicts can take shape and can be fixated on. The woman shows him the part of life, which he is unconscious of. In many variants he is frightened of looking backward, or of his backside, when his head is put on him the wrong way round, which is interpreted as a view or glimpse of death or the netherworld.
The East German writer Franz Fühmann opined in 1973, that the hero apparently felt he lacked a human dimension. Peter O. Chotjewitz wrote, one had never taught him words for feelings, which he now connects with his supposed stupidity. Bruno Bettelheim's understanding of the fairy tale is that to attain human happiness one has to derepress one's suppressions. Even a child would know repressed, unjustified fears, which appeared at night in bed. Sexual fears would mostly be detested. In 1999, Wilhelm Salber noted the effort, how anxieties are deliberately built up and destroyed using ghosts and animals, to avoid proximity to real life, and only compassion brings movement into it. Egon Fabian and Astrid Thome view the fairy tale as an insight into the psychological need to perceive fear, which otherwise is sought externally and remains internally inaccessible as primal fear ("Urangst").
Maria Tatar wrote in 2004 that although the hero of this story is a youngest son, he does not fit the usual character of such a son, who normally achieves his goals with the aid of magical helpers. Accomplishing his task with his own skill and courage, he fits more in the mold of a heroic character. The act of cutting down the corpses to let them warm themselves is similar to the test of compassion that many fairy tale heroes face, but where the act typically wins the hero a gift or a magical helper, here it is merely an incident, perhaps a parody of the more typical plot.
The tale is part of the collective of not uncommon stories in which a swine herd, a veteran or a vagrant prince – always someone from "far away" – wins a king's daughter and inherits the father ("half the kingdome" etc.) as in for example the devil with the three golden hairs. It is the story of a matrilineal inheritance in which daughters, and not sons inherit. If the story moves along into a patrilineal society, one needs a strong explanation to understand the solution – here the rare gift, never to be frightened and an unusually resolute wife.
The Child Ballad The Maid Freed from the Gallows has been retold in fairy tale form, focusing on the exploits of the fiancé who must recover a golden ball to save his love from the noose, and the incidents resemble this tale (e.g. spending three nights in a house, a body split in half and a chimney, and an incident on a bed).
Variants
The story can also be titled The Boy Who Wanted to Know What Fear Was and The Boy Who Couldn't Shudder.
Jack Zipes, in his notes to the translated tales of Giuseppe Pitrè, notes that the Italian folklorist collected three variants, and compares them to similar tales in Italian scholarly work on folklore, of the late 19th century, such as the works of Laura Gonzenbach and Vittorio Imbriani. He also analyses the variant collected by Laura Gonzenbach (The Fearless Young Man), and cites a predecessor in The Pleasant Nights of Straparola.
Variants in Latin American countries relocate the setting from a haunted castle to a haunted house or haunted farm.
"Sop Doll" is an American variant collected from the Southern Mountains.
Adaptations
There are numerous literary adaptations mentioned in the encyclopedia of fairy tales by Heinz Rölleke: Wilhelm Langewiesch in 1842, Hans Christian Andersen's "Little Claus and Big Claus" (1835), Wilhelm Raabes "Der Weg zum Lachen" (1857) and Meister Author (1874), Rainer Kirsch's "Auszog das Fürchten zu lernen" (1978), Günter Wallraffs "Von einem der auszog und das Fürchten lernte" (1979) and fairy tale renditions by Ernst Heinrich Meier, Ludwig Bechstein's ("Das Gruseln" in the 1853 book "Deutsches Märchenbuch" in chapter 80, also "") and Italo Calvino's "Giovannino senza paura" ("Dauntless Little John"), the first story in his 1956 Italian Folktales.
In his 1876 opera Siegfried, Richard Wagner has his title character Siegfried begin fearless, and express his wish to learn fear to his foster father Mime, who says the wise learn fear quickly, but the stupid find it more difficult. Later, when he discovers the sleeping Brünnhilde, he is struck with fear. In a letter to his friend Theodor Uhlig, Wagner recounts the fairy tale and points out that the youth and Siegfried are the same character. Parzival is another figure in German legend that combines naiveté with courage.
In Hermann Hesse's novel "Der Lateinschüler", the shy protagonist attempts to tell the story to a circle of young girls, who know the story already. Parodies like to play with the title and give Hans an anticapitalist meaning or sketch him as an insecure personality.
Gerold Späths Hans makes a global career and forgets that he looked for the meaning of fear.
Rainer Kirsch sketched a film version, in which the hero is murdered by fanning courtiers and thus learns fear too late.
Karl Hoches hero finds capitalism to be entertaining, only the women's libber doesn't.
In Janoschs story the man only thinks of bowling and card games, plays night after night with the headless ghost and the princess dies at some point.
In his autobiography "Beim Häuten der Zwiebel" Günter Grass uses the term 'How I learnt to fear' several times for the title and descriptions of the fourth chapter about his war mission, which he survives seemingly like a naive fairy tale hero.
The character of the Boy from the webcomic No Rest for the Wicked is based on the protagonist of this story.
The story has also been adapted for television. Jim Henson's The Storyteller featured an adaptation of the tale in the first season, second episode as "Fearnot". Shelley Duvall's TV show Faerie Tale Theatre adapted it as "The Boy Who Left Home to Find Out About the Shivers" In the German cartoon Simsala Grimm the story is featured in the tenth episode of the first season: unlike in the original story, here the youth learns fear when he has to kiss the princess, since he has never been kissed before and fears doing it wrong and embarrassing himself. The episodic games of American McGee's Grimm on Gametap debuted with "A Boy Learns What Fear Is" on 31 July 2008. The MC Frontalot song "Shudders", from his album Question Bedtime, is based on this story.
The title is often varied for example by the band Wir sind Helden in their song "Zieh dir was an: Du hast dich ausgezogen, uns das Fürchten zu lehren…"(translated "Dress yourself, you have undressed yourself to teach us fear…", figuratively meaning "put something on, you've put yourself out to teach fear.").
See also
The Boy Who Found Fear at Last, a Turkish fairy tale with a similar theme
Ivan Turbincă, a Romanian story tale with a similar theme
References
Further reading
Agosta, Louis. "The Recovery of Feelings in a Folktale". In: Journal of Religion and Health 19, no. 4 (1980): 287–97. www.jstor.org/stable/27505591.
Bolte, Johannes; Polívka, Jiri. Anmerkungen zu den Kinder- u. hausmärchen der brüder Grimm. Erster Band (NR. 1-60). Germany, Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1913. pp. 22–37.
External links
The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear
The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was Archive.org Story 58
Folktales of ATU type 326, "The Youth Who Wanted to Learn What Fear Is" by D. L. Ashliman
Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was, The Story of the
Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was, The Story of the
German fairy tales
Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was, The Story of the
Youth
Youth Who Went Forth|to Learn What Fear Was, The Story of the
ATU 300-399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Story%20of%20the%20Youth%20Who%20Went%20Forth%20to%20Learn%20What%20Fear%20Was |
Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (CD&R) is an American private equity company. It is one of the oldest private equity investment firms in the world. Founded in 1978, CD&R has managed the investment of more than $30 billion in approximately 90 businesses, representing a broad range of industries with an aggregate transaction value in excess of $140 billion. Approximately half of CD&R's investments have involved corporate divestitures.
CD&R had ownership stakes in, among others, B&M Retail, Envision Healthcare, The Hertz Corporation, Hussman International, Rexel (a distributor of electrical parts and equipment) and US Foods (a broadline foodservice distributor), Sally Beauty, Diversey, Inc., VWR International, Brake Bros, Kinko's (now FedEx Office, previously FedEx Kinko's), Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company and Lexmark.
In June 2023, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice were ranked 17th in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking of the largest private equity firms in the world.
History
Clayton & Dubilier was founded as a turnaround management shop by Martin H. Dubilier, Eugene Clayton and Bill Welsh in 1976. Joseph L. Rice III, a deal professional, putting the firm into investment business, joined in 1978, and the firm became known as Clayton, Dubilier & Rice in 1992. Clayton and Welsh retired from the firm in 1985 and Dubilier died in 1991.
The firm executed a leveraged buyout in 1987 of Borg-Warner's Industrial Products Division, spinning the division off into a standalone company, BW/IP International. Between 1987 and 1992 the firm added nine new partners, five of which had previous experience as CEOs.
In 1988, the firm acquired Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company and a 50% stake of B.F. Goodrich for $225 million; the Tire Company was sold to Michelin for $1.5 billion in 1989.
In 1990, CD&R formed Lexmark from IBM's printer and keyboard manufacturing business. The deal was named one of the 30 Most Influential Private Equity Deals by Private Equity International in 2004.
In 1998, Don Gogel was appointed CEO. Also in 1998, CD&R established an office in London.
In 2001, Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, joined CD&R as a senior advisor.
In 2003, CD&R purchased the global provider of water treatment products and services, Culligan International, from Veolia Environnement SA of France for $610 million, which included $200 million in equity from a CD&R-managed fund and the remainder from senior debt and securities. In 2021, during its bid to buy out the UK supermarket chain Morrisons, the firm faced accusations of Asset Stripping, leaving Culligans 'saddled with over $850 million of debt', while UK politicians warned against leaving Morrisons prey to asset strippers. CD&R denied the accusations. Centerbridge Partners acquired Culligan in 2012.
In 2005, CD&R teamed with Merrill Lynch, The Carlyle Group and Barclays to acquire The Hertz Corporation from Ford Motor Company for $15 billion.
In 2011, CD&R and Ingersoll-Rand announced a partnership relating to Ingersoll's Hussmann division in which CD&R would acquire a 60 percent interest.
In 2012, Joe Rice stepped down as chairman, succeeded by Don Gogel.
In March 2013, CD&R partnered with the family owners of B&M retail, acquiring a 60 percent stake. In October 2013, the firm acquired a 60% stake in John Deere Landscapes (now SiteOne Landscape Supply) in partnership with Deere & Co., which retained a 40 percent stake.
In 2015, CD&R sold Hussmann to Panasonic for $1.5 billion.
Clayton Dubilier & Rice Fund X LP completed fundraising in 2017 with $10 billion of investor commitments.
CD&R acquired a 60% stake of Capco from FIS for $477 million in May 2017. In August 2017, the firm acquired the Waterworks division of HD Supply for 2.5 billion, and changed its name to Core & Main.
In January 2018, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice acquired Ply Gem Holdings, Inc. and Atrium Windows & Doors. In October 2018, the firm acquired a stake in SmileDirectClub after investing $380 million.
In 2018 CD&R acquired a 60% stake from the family owners of greeting card maker American Greetings, establishing a partnership.
In January 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice invested alongside the founder of WSH Investments Ltd., Alistair Storey, to take a major stake in the business.
In July 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice were included on Inc.'''s 50 Best Private Equity Firms for Entrepreneurs list.
In September 2019, CD&R acquired a stake in Socotec in a deal valuing Socotec at $1.98 billion.
In August 2020, CD&R bought Epicor from KKR for $4.7 billion.
In January 2021, CD&R purchased Wolseley UK, the largest supplier of plumbing and building materials in the UK, from Ferguson plc for £308m.
In October 2021, CD&R purchased Morrisons, a British supermarket chain, which subsequently had financial difficulties.
In April 2022 CD&R acquired a 60% interest in Humana, Inc's hospice and personal care divisions (Kindred at Home) for US$2.8 billion.
In July 2022, CD&R purchased the remaining common stock of Cornerstone Building Brands, completing its acquisition.
In February 2023, CD&R agreed to buyout Focus Financial Partners in an all-cash deal for a total enterprise value of over $7billion.
References
External links
Clayton, Dubilier, and Rice website
Interview with Don Gogel (35 m.), Charlie Rose'', May 24, 2012. Regarding role of private equity in US economy and specifically President Obama's attacks on Republican challenger Mitt Romney's record at Bain Capital in the 2012 campaign.
Private equity firms of the United States
American companies established in 1978
Financial services companies established in 1978
1978 establishments in New York City
Financial services companies based in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton%2C%20Dubilier%20%26%20Rice |
The City of Sydney Library network consists of nine branch libraries and two 'library links', located in Australia within the City of Sydney Council administrational area.
History
A free public lending library service has existed in Sydney since 1877 when the New South Wales state government opened a lending branch of the State Library of New South Wales on Macquarie Street. By the end of the same year there were over one thousand registered borrowers. In 1899 the lending library moved to the second floor of the Queen Victoria Building and in 1909 control passed from State to the City of Sydney Council. In 1918 the library moved again, this time to the old concert hall of the Queen Victoria Building. This provided space for a separate children's library to open in the same year. The first branch libraries opened in 1949 which also provided book deposit stations at a number of local schools. In 1970, the City library moved to yet larger premises within the Queen Victoria Building before taking up residence at 321 Pitt Street in 1984. High rent fees prompted it to move again in 1994 to Town Hall House. In 2005 the Town Hall branch moved to its current location at Customs House at Circular Quay.
Locations
Customs House - 31 Alfred St, Sydney NSW 2000
Glebe - 186 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe NSW 2037
Green Square - 355 Botany Rd, Zetland NSW 2017
Haymarket - The Exchange, levels 1 and 2, 1 Little Pier St, Haymarket NSW 2000
Kings Cross - 1/50-52 Darlinghurst Rd, Potts Point NSW 2011
Newtown - 8-10 Brown St, Newtown NSW 2042
Surry Hills - 405 Crown St, Surry Hills NSW 2010
Ultimo - Level 1, Ultimo Community Centre, 40 William Henry St, Ultimo NSW 2007
Waterloo - 770 Elizabeth St, Waterloo NSW 2017
Library Link
Town Hall House
Pyrmont
Collections and services
In addition to the network's collection of over 400,000 books the libraries provide for
the loan of CDs, DVDs, magazines, newspapers, toys and non-English books. The libraries also provide internet,
copying and printing services.
In the Sydney Subject Specialisation Scheme, a Sydney-wide collection development policy which facilitated interlibrary loans prior to computerised union catalogues, the City of Sydney Library maintained a focus on life sciences, engineering and French literature.
The City of Sydney library had a total stock of 461,253 items as of June 2015.
Library Link
A Library Link has existed in Town Hall House, close to the location of the library's previous premises, since its relocation to Customs House in 2005. The Library Link makes available a number of current newspapers and magazines, a fiction collection, a self-operated check-in and check-out machine and a telephone to contact library staff. Members can pick up books and other material held at other branches at the Library Link by contacting staff. In 2006 a link opened at Pyrmont offering a limited services. People are able to drop off books and pick up items they have asked for during the time that the volunteers are there.
Membership
The library network has around 40,000 active members and processes 1,350,000 loans per year.
Membership of the library network is free to residents of the City of Sydney local government area and residents of New South Wales.
References
External links
City of Sydney Library
Libraries in Sydney
Public libraries in Australia
Government of Sydney
Libraries established in 1908
1908 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20of%20Sydney%20Library |
Huanggang is a prefecture-level city in easternmost Hubei Province, China. It is situated to the north of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and is bounded in the north by the Dabie Mountains and is named after Mount Huanggang. It borders Henan in the north, Anhui in the east and Jiangxi in the south.
The city's administrative area covers and the total population was 5,882,719 as of the 2020 census whom 456,862 resided in the Huangzhou urban district, making it the second most populous city in the province by administrative population, after Wuhan, the provincial capital. the Ezhou – Huanggang built-up (or metro) area was home to 1,152,559 inhabitants comprising (Echeng district and Huangzhou district of Huanggang), and many of its residents work in Wuhan. In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.
History
In 845 BC Marquis Wen () Huang Meng (; also known as Huang Zhang / ) moved the capital of the State of Huang from Yicheng to Huangchuan (present-day Huangchuan, Henan). Huang Xi's descendants ruled State of Huang until 648 BC when it was destroyed by the State of Chu. The Marquis of Huang, Marquis Mu () Huang Qisheng (), fled to the state of Qi. The people of Huang were forced to relocate to Chu. They settled in the region of present-day Hubei province, in a region known as the Jiangxia Prefecture () during the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). There are many places in this region today that were named after Huang e.g. Huanggang, Huangpi, Huangmei, Huangshi, Huangan, Huangzhou etc. Many of the people of Huang were also relocated to regions south of the Yangtze River.
During the reign of Emperor Cheng of Jin, Later Zhao forces inflicted great damage on many Jin cities and bases north of the Yangtze and captured Zhucheng (, in modern Huanggang, Hubei).
Huanggang has a history of at least 2,000 years.
Administration
Huanggang administers 12 county-level divisions, including one district, two county-level cities and seven counties:
Climate
Cultural heritage
Education
Huanggang Normal University is a full-time institution of higher education located in the city of Huanggang.
Economy
Transportation
Huanggang enjoys an excellent transportation infrastructure. Wuhan airport is to the west, while Jiujiang Airport in Jiangxi to the east is away. Being on the Yangtze River, Wuhan main port is located away, and Huangzhou District has a small bulk-handling port. There is an extensive road network, with three north–south and seven east–west major roads within the main city area. The city also is served by several new expressways, including the north–south "Jingzhu" (Beijing to Zhuhai, Guangdong) expressway and the east–west Wuhan to Shanghai expressway. Huanggang also is on the main north–south "Jingjiu" (Beijing to Hong Kong) and "Jingguang" (Beijing to Guangzhou, Guangdong) railway lines.
Bridges
Two bridges connect Huanggang across the Yangtze to the Ezhou on the south bank of the river:
Ehuang Bridge, between the main urban area of Huanggang and Ezhou; it carries the China National Highway 106.
Edong Bridge carries the G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway and the G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway.
Other river crossings near Huanggang include:
Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge, between Huangmei County and Jiujiang; a combined road-rail bridge, it carries the Huangxiao Expressway, China National Highway 105, and the Beijing–Kowloon railway
Huangshi Bridge, which carries the Huanghuang Expressway from Xishui County to Huangshi
Rail
Huanggang is served by the Beijing–Kowloon Railway, which has several stations within the prefecture-level city. The Huangzhou Station, located within Huangzhou District some northeast from downtown Huanggang, has the best service of all, with several trains a day to Beijing, Nanchang, and Shenzhen. Huanggang travelers can also use the Huangshi station on the Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway, across the river.
Famous people
Huanggang prefecture is the birthplace of numerous famous Chinese inventors, scientists, and scholars, including:
Bi Sheng (毕昇), the inventor of movable type printing (Also known as one of the Four Great Inventions);
Dayi Daoxin (四祖道信), the 4th Patriarch of Chán(Zen) Buddhism;
Daman Hongren (五祖弘忍), the 5th Patriarch of Chán Buddhism;;
Li Shizhen (李时珍), herbalist and author of the ancient medical classic Compendium of Materia Medica;
Cheng Yi (程颐), ancient idealist philosopher;
Cheng Hao (程顥), founder of Neo-Confucianism, philosopher and politician in Song Dynasty;
Dong Biwu (董必武), Acting President of the People's Republic of China, 1972–1975;
Li Xiannian (李先念), former military leader and President of China;
Lin Biao (林彪), former military leader and Vice President of China. One of the ten marshals in China;
Chen Tanqiu (陈谭秋), a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Bao Huiseng (包惠僧), a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Li Siguang (李四光), ethnic Mongol ecologist;
Wen Yiduo (闻一多), patriotic poet;
Xiong Shili (熊十力), a 20th-century Chinese philosopher;
Huang Kan (黄侃), a Chinese philologist.
As well, Huanggang is famous for producing military and political leaders. Hong'an County is known as the "County of Generals" in that more than 400 Chinese army generals have been born there, a total far greater than for any other county in all of China. In addition, former military leader and President of China, Li Xiannian (1909–1992), was born in Hong'an. The family of Taiwanese author Kuo Cheng came from Huanggang.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Lin Biao. "Lin Piao: Master Strategist". In Snow, Helen Foster (Ed.). The Chinese Communists: Sketches and Autobiographies of the Old Guard. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwoods Publishing Company. 1972.
External links
Google Maps Huanggang
Cities in Hubei
Populated places on the Yangtze River
Prefecture-level divisions of Hubei
Wuhan urban agglomeration | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huanggang |
A traditional handheld refractometer is an analog instrument for measuring a liquid's refractive index. It works on the critical angle principle by which lenses and prisms project a shadow line onto a small glass reticle inside the instrument, which is then viewed by the user through a magnifying eyepiece.
In use, a sample is placed between a measuring prism and a small cover plate. Light traveling through the sample is either passed through to the reticle or totally internally reflected. The net effect is that a shadow line forms between the illuminated area and the dark area. It is where this shadow line crosses the scale that a reading is taken. Because refractive index is very temperature dependent, it is important to use a refractometer with automatic temperature compensation. Compensation is accomplished through the use of a small bi-metallic strip that moves a lens or prism in response to temperature changes. This design was invented by Emanuel Goldberg. There are many types of refractometers and the most common types are Abbe's refractometer, Pulfrich refractometer, Immersion refractometer.
Refractometers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional%20handheld%20refractometer |
Black Hole/Blank Canvas is the eleventh full-length studio album by the Norwegian band Motorpsycho. It is the first after long-time drummer Håkon Gebhardt left the band in spring 2005. The other two members, Hans Magnus Ryan and Bent Sæther decided to carry on as a duo. They recorded their new album in The Void studio in Eindhoven together with producer/engineer and long-time live sound technician Pieter Kloos and produced their third double album. It was released on March 17, 2006, (March 20 in Norway) and was followed by a European tour in spring. The band was joined by drummer Jacco van Rooij and vibraphonist Øyvind Brandtsegg, who also played on the 1994 album Timothy's Monster.
The second song from the album, "In our Tree", was premiered as a short clip on Norwegian TV station NRK during the program Lydverket, and later in full on the radio station P3.
Track listing
CD1
No Evil – 6:06
In Our Tree – 3:39
Coalmine Pony – 3:17
Kill Devil Hills – 7:18
Critical Mass – 5:21
The 29th Bulletin – 5:48
Devil Dog – 4:24
Triggerman – 6:14
CD2
Hyena – 4:01
Sancho Says – 3:33
Sail On – 4:17
The Ace – 3:46
L.T.E.C. (Déjà-Vulture Blues) – 6:19
You Lose – 5:32
Before The Flood – 8:58
Fury On Earth – 2:49
With Trixeene Through The Mirror, I Dream With Open Eyes – 3:31
All tracks written by Ryan/Sæther
There also exists a special edition available via Amazon.com and the Stickman Records mail order with an additional disc containing a single edit of "Hyena" and the non-album track "Bonny Lee" (Sæther).
Personnel
Bent Sæther: vocals, bass, guitars, keyboards, drums etc.
Hans Magnus Ryan: guitars, vocals, keyboards etc.
with:
Jacco van Rooij (former 35007, 7 Zuma 7 and currently Suimasen): drums on "You Lose"
Kim Hiorthøy: cover artwork
Editions
The vinyl edition omits coloring and comes completely in black and white.
The album was also released as a special edition (book-like packaging) and an extra special edition containing a bonus disc, which was only available via Amazon.com and the Stickman Records mailorder.
References
2006 albums
Motorpsycho albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Hole/Blank%20Canvas |
The huluhu (traditional: 葫蘆胡; simplified: 葫芦胡; pinyin: húlúhú) is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It has two strings, and its sound box is made from a gourd, with a face made of thin wood. It is used primarily by the Zhuang people of the southern Chinese province of Guangxi.
The instrument's name is derived from the Chinese words húlú ("gourd") and hú (short for huqin).
See also
Chinese music
List of Chinese musical instruments
Huqin
External links
Huluhu photo
Huluhu page (Chinese)
Huluhu page (Chinese)
Huluhu page (Chinese)
Chinese musical instruments
Huqin family instruments
Necked bowl lutes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huluhu |
Lewis Edwin Marsh (February 17, 1879 – March 4, 1936) was a Canadian athlete and referee, and one of the pioneers of sports journalism in Canada, working at the Toronto Star for 43 years.
Life and career
Marsh was born in Campbellford, Ontario and lived there until the age of nine, when he moved with his family to Toronto, Ontario. At 14, in the first year after the launch of the Toronto Star, Marsh walked into the newspaper's office responding to a want ad and was hired as a copyboy. He rose to junior reporter, reporter, columnist (With Pick and Shovel was the name of his long-running column), assistant sports editor under W. A. Hewitt, and finally, in 1931, sports editor. He held that position until his death in 1936.
As an athlete, Marsh's first love was sailing, and through his life he played a wide variety of sports. At the age of 21 he became interested in rugby, and played with some of the top teams in Toronto, including the Toronto Argonauts.
Marsh was said to be a top-notch sprinter, once defeating Canadian and Olympic champion Robert Kerr in a 120-yard hurdle race. He became a supporter of Tom Longboat and accompanied him to the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.
In May 1914, Marsh was aboard the first passenger airplane flight out of Toronto, taking off from Toronto and flying to Hamilton, Ontario and back. Around this time, he is said to have swum across the Niagara River from Lewiston, New York to Queenston, Ontario.
Marsh was one of the top boxing and hockey referees of his era. He also worked as a referee in professional wrestling. During a match in Toronto in 1921, Marsh surprised the wrestlers after 30 minutes of showmanship by telling them that it was time to stop their exhibition and wrestle a real contest. He brought a similar attitude to his work as a boxing referee where, over the course of thousands of bouts, Marsh wasn't reluctant to demand action from the fighters. He was a referee in the National Hockey League, and saw action in Stanley Cup playoff games.
During World War I, Marsh was an officer in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, enlisting with the 180th (Sportsmen) Battalion, CEF in 1916. He briefly served in France before being sent back to Canada after being diagnosed with heart problems. He rose to the rank of major while serving in the military.
While in his 40s he was advised by doctors to stop working as a referee. Marsh's final appearance in the NHL was in the 1929 playoffs. In the late 1920s, he developed an interest in racing small outboard hydroplanes, which he called sea fleas. One of the most successful sea flea racers in Toronto was future Toronto Maple Leafs owner Harold Ballard.
When professional wrestling started coming to Toronto on a weekly basis in 1929, Marsh told readers right from the start that the matches were exhibitions and not real contests. In 1935, he coined the term sportive entertainment to describe professional wrestling—a term that in a slightly modified form would come to prominence fifty years later. One of his closest friends was Toronto wrestling and boxing promoter Jack Corcoran.
In 1931, he succeeded Hewitt as the Star'''s sports editor after Hewitt accepted a job as the first attractions manager of the new Maple Leaf Gardens. Marsh became an avid fisherman and hunter in his 50s, and made a return to officiating as a hockey referee at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
Marsh died unexpectedly at the age of 57 in 1936. The following day, the Toronto Star'' devoted 11 pages to coverage of his life and accomplishments, starting with a banner headline on page one. Before the end of the year, the Lou Marsh Trophy was created and named in his honour. It has been presented to Canada's top athlete each year since until 2021. In 2022, it was announced that the Lou Marsh Trophy would be renamed because of some of the racist language used in Marsh's writing.
He is buried at Park Lawn Cemetery in Toronto.
References
External links
Marsh's World War I officer's declaration paper
1879 births
1936 deaths
Canadian Expeditionary Force officers
Canadian ice hockey officials
Canadian sportswriters
National Hockey League officials
People from Northumberland County, Ontario
Sportspeople from Ontario
Sportspeople from Toronto
Toronto Argonauts players
Toronto Star people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%20Marsh |
William Fredrich Schroeder (born January 9, 1971) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He attended Sheboygan South High School and then went on to the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, where he starred in track and field. Schroeder joined the UW-La Crosse football team in only his fifth year of college after exhausting his eligibility to compete in track. Despite playing only one year, Schroeder's athleticism (4.26 second 40 yard dash and 44 inch vertical leap) drew the attention of NFL scouts.
Schroeder was drafted in the sixth round (181st overall) of the 1994 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers. He would wear jersey number 84. Schroeder spent the 1994 season on the practice squad, but was activated in the playoffs, though he did not have any receptions. The following year, he was traded to the New England Patriots, but suffered a broken foot before he was able to play a single down and was released. Then he went back to Green Bay, and after making the practice squad, he spent some time playing for NFL Europe before he finally made the active roster in the 1997 season. That year, he was the team's leading punt and kick returner as they advanced to Super Bowl XXXII. He went on to play until 2004. His best statistical season was 1999, when he caught 74 passes for 1,051 yards and 5 touchdowns. He last played with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2004, wearing number 11 with the team as Joey Galloway had worn his traditional number of 84. On May 22, 2008 Schroeder informed Green Bay Packers general manager Ted Thompson that he would like to retire as a Packer. He signed with the Packers on May 21, 2008 and retired the next day. Schroeder was affectionately known as "The Sheboygan Flash", La Crosse Lightning, "Pro Bowl Bill" to many Packer fans.
NFL career statistics
Regular season
References
1971 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Detroit Lions players
Green Bay Packers players
New England Patriots players
Rhein Fire players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Wisconsin–La Crosse Eagles football players
Sportspeople from Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Players of American football from Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Schroeder%20%28wide%20receiver%29 |
Friedwardt Winterberg (born June 12, 1929) is a German-American theoretical physicist and was a research professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. He is known for his research in areas spanning general relativity, Planck scale physics, nuclear fusion, and plasmas. His work in nuclear rocket propulsion earned him the 1979 Hermann Oberth Gold Medal of the Wernher von Braun International Space Flight Foundation and a 1981 citation by the Nevada Legislature. He is also an honorary member of the German Aerospace Society Lilienthal-Oberth.
Biography
Winterberg was born in 1929 in Berlin, Germany. In 1953 he received his MSc from the University of Frankfurt working under Friedrich Hund, and in 1955 he received his PhD in physics from the Max Planck Institute, Göttingen, as a student of Werner Heisenberg. In 1959, Winterberg was brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. Friedwardt was 15 at the end of the war. Paperclip continued to recruit German scientists through the Cold War to prevent them from working for the Soviets.
Work
Winterberg is known for his work in the fields of nuclear fusion and plasma physics, and Edward Teller has been quoted as saying that he had "perhaps not received the attention he deserves" for his work on fusion. He is an elected member of the Paris-based International Academy of Astronautics, in which he sat on the Committee of Interstellar Space Exploration. According to his faculty webpage, in 1954 he "made the first proposal to test general relativity with atomic clocks in earth satellites" and his thermonuclear microexplosion ignition concept was adopted by the British Interplanetary Society for their Project Daedalus Starship Study.
His research in the 21st century has been on the "Planck Aether Hypothesis", a theory that claims to "explain both quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity as asymptotic low energy approximations, and gives a spectrum of particles greatly resembling the standard model. Einstein's gravitational and Maxwell's electromagnetic equations are unified by the symmetric and antisymmetric wave mode of a vortex sponge, Dirac spinors result from gravitationally interacting bound positive-negative mass vortices, which explains why the mass of an electron is so much smaller than the Planck mass." The theory proposes that the only free parameters in the fundamental equations of physics are the Planck length, mass, and time, and shows why R3 is the natural space, as SU2 is treated as the fundamental group isomorphic to SO3 — an alternative to string field theories in R10 and M theory in R11. It permits the value of the finestructure constant at the Planck length to be computed, and this value remarkably agrees with the empirical value.
Proposal for direct test of general relativity
In a 1955 paper Winterberg proposed a test of general relativity using accurate atomic clocks placed in orbit in artificial satellites. At that time atomic clocks were not yet of the required accuracy and artificial satellites did not exist. Werner Heisenberg wrote a letter to Winterberg in 1957 in which he said the idea sounded "very interesting". This idea was later experimentally verified by Hafele and Keating in 1971 by flying atomic clocks on commercial jets. The theoretical approach was the same as that used by Winterberg. Today atomic clocks and relativistic corrections are used in GPS and it is said GPS could not function without them.
Fusion activism
Winterberg has published numerous articles in the area of inertial confinement fusion. In particular, Winterberg is known for the idea of impact fusion and the concept of the magnetically insulated diode for the generation of multi-megampere megavolt ion beams for the purpose of heating plasmas to thermonuclear fusion temperatures. He conceived of a nuclear fusion propulsion reactor for space travel, which is called the Winterberg / Daedalus Class Magnetic Compression Reaction Chamber, which was later developed at the University of Alabama at Huntsville's Propulsion Research Center. Most recently he has designed a giant spacecraft, propelled with deuterium micro-detonations ignited by a GeV proton beam, drawn from the spacecraft acting as an electrically charged up and magnetically insulated capacitor. Winterberg also developed ideas for mining increasingly rare industrially crucial elements on planetary bodies such as the moon using fusion detonation devices. He became involved with the idea of using beam weapons in outer space in the late 1970s while working at the Desert Research Institute.
According to Dennis King, Winterberg shared his ideas on beam weapons with the U.S. Air Force and he speculated on the subject in publications for the Fusion Energy Foundation (FEF), a part of the Lyndon LaRouche movement. The FEF published a book of Winterberg describing the design of the hydrogen bomb, with the hope of getting research in inertial confinement fusion declassified. Winterberg also contributed articles and interviews to the FEF magazine, Fusion, and its successor magazine, 21st Century Science and Technology. He also participated in a 1985 conference jointly sponsored by the FEF and the Schiller Institute, speaking on the topic of X-ray lasers, the Strategic Defense Initiative and interstellar travel. The conference attracted a number of scientists interested in promoting fusion scientific research; Winterberg was never a member of any of LaRouche's political organisations.
On November 12, 2007, Winterberg addressed the American Physical Society Plasma Physics Convention in Orlando, Florida, encouraging efforts to achieve economically feasible fusion energy, and presenting his ideas for what direction the efforts should take. Winterberg stresses inertial confinement fusion.
Back in 1963, it was proposed by Winterberg that the ignition of thermonuclear micro-explosions, could be achieved by an intense beam of microparticles accelerated to a velocity of 1000 km/s. And in 1968, Winterberg proposed to use intense electron and ion beams, generated by Marx generators, for the same purpose. Most recently, Winterberg has proposed the ignition of a deuterium microexplosion, with a gigavolt super-Marx generator, which is a Marx Generator driven by up to 100 ordinary Marx generators.
Rudolph controversy
In 1983, Winterberg became involved in disputes concerning the engineer Arthur Rudolph, who had been brought to the United States after World War II as part of Operation Paperclip to work on the U.S. rocketry program. It was Rudolph who then designed the Saturn V rocket that launched Neil Armstrong to the Moon. In the early 1980s, Rudolph's record as a potential Nazi war criminal at Mittelwerk surfaced and became the center of a political controversy after the Office of Special Investigations (OSI) negotiated to have him renounce his U.S. citizenship, purportedly under duress, after which he returned to Germany. After a thorough investigation by German authorities, it was decided there was no basis for prosecution and his German citizenship was restored. Rudolph pursued lawsuits hoping to regain his US citizenship but was barred entry to the US in 1989.
Winterberg lobbied in favour of Rudolph, giving interviews to magazines, launching his own separate investigation, and speaking in Rudolph's defense at a conference hosted by Lyndon LaRouche. After the fall of the Berlin wall legal assistant requests by the US Office of Special Investigation to the Communist East German Government regarding the Rudolph case emerged and became part of the public record.
Einstein–Hilbert dispute
Winterberg was also involved in a dispute relating to the history of general relativity in a controversy over the publication of the general relativity field equations (both Albert Einstein and David Hilbert had published them in a very short time span of one another). In 1997, Leo Corry, Jürgen Renn, and John Stachel published an article in Science entitled "Belated decision in the Hilbert-Einstein priority dispute", arguing that, after looking at the original proofs of the article by Hilbert, that they indicated that Hilbert had not anticipated Einstein's equations.
Winterberg published a refutation of these conclusions in 2004, observing that the galley proofs of Hilbert's articles had been tampered with — part of one page had been cut off. He argued that the removed part of the article contained the equations that Einstein later published and alleged that it was part of a "crude attempt by some unknown individual to falsify the historical record." He alleged that Science had refused to print the article and thus he was forced to publish it in Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. Winterberg's article argued that despite the missing part of the proofs, that the correct crucial Field Equation is still imbedded on other pages of the proofs, in various forms, including Hilbert's variational principle with correct Lagrangian from which the Field Equation is immediately derived. Winterberg presented his findings at the American Physical Society meeting in Tampa, Florida in April 2005.
Corry, Renn, and Stachel authored a joint reply to Winterberg, which they claimed Zeitschrift für Naturforschung refused to publish without "unacceptable" modifications, and unable to find a publisher elsewhere, they made it available on the internet. The reply accused Winterberg of misrepresenting the reason why Science would not publish his paper (it had to do with the section of the journal it was scheduled to appear in), and also misrepresenting that the paper published in Zeitschrift für Naturforschung was the same paper he had submitted to Science, and had in fact been "substantially altered" after Winterberg had received their comments on an earlier draft. Actually, Winterberg in his Final Comment had clearly stated that the paper submitted to Science had been a previous version. They then argue that Winterberg's interpretation of the Hilbert paper was incorrect, that the lost part of the page was unlikely to have been consequential, and that much of Winterberg's reasoning about what could be in the missing piece was incorrect (down to noting Winterberg claims that 1/3 of the page was removed, when actually over half a page is missing total from the two cut off pages) and internally inconsistent. They further argued there was a likely "non-paranoid" explanation for the missing part of the page.
But as it was pointed out by Todorov and by Logunov, Mestvirishvili, and Petrov, even in his mutilated form, the page proofs of Hilbert contain the correct Lagrange density of the gravitational field, which in conjunction with Hilbert action results in the correct gravitational field equations. To derive the gravitational field equations from his action was not more than a minor exercise for Hilbert. Therefore, the game was over with Hilbert's action.
Later, the original reply to Winterberg was removed from their website and replaced with a much shorter statement saying only that Winterberg's conclusions were incorrect, specifically that he had focused on the missing page fragment, "a fact without any bearing on the matter at hand", while failing "to address the substantive difference between the theory expounded in the proofs" of Hilbert. The statement further said that Winterberg had apparently indicated that he was "personally offended" by the original response, the "Max Planck Institute for the History of Science has decided to replace the original, more detailed response to his paper with this abbreviated version". This was, apparently, because the original reply had contained two very derisive statements against Professor Winterberg; later, the Max Planck Society released a note distancing itself from those two statements, without commenting on the underlying scientific dispute.
References
Sources
External links
Winterberg's faculty page at the University of Nevada, Reno.
A site dedicated to Prof. Friedwardt Winterberg. There are biography, list of published papers, links, photos, etc.
Living people
1929 births
20th-century German physicists
Scientists from Berlin
University of Nevada, Reno faculty
Goethe University Frankfurt alumni
Emigrants from West Germany to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedwardt%20Winterberg |
Shaozhou or Shao Prefecture (邵州) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Shaoyang, Hunan, China. It existed (intermittently) from 636 to 1225.
Geography
The administrative region of Shaozhou in the Tang dynasty falls within modern Shaoyang in southern Hunan on the northern border with Guangxi. It probably includes modern:
Shaoyang
Shaoyang County
Wugang
Xinning County
Longhui County
Xinshao County
References
Prefectures of the Tang dynasty
Jinghu South Circuit
Prefectures of Ma Chu
Former prefectures in Hunan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shao%20Prefecture |
Plain Township, Ohio may refer to:
Plain Township, Franklin County, Ohio
Plain Township, Stark County, Ohio
Plain Township, Wayne County, Ohio
Plain Township, Wood County, Ohio
See also
Plain Township (disambiguation)
Ohio township disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20Township%2C%20Ohio |
A number of controversies have arisen as the result of the publishing of cartoons in magazines or newspapers:
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, 2005
Iran newspaper cockroach cartoon controversy, 2006
Rakyat Merdeka dingo cartoon controversy, a controversy over the 2006 West Papuan refugee crisis
2007 Bangladesh cartoon controversy
Lars Vilks Muhammad drawings controversy
Rape of Lady Justice cartoon controversy, 2008
See also
Cartoon war (disambiguation)
Political cartoon
Cartooning | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon%20controversy |
Rainie may refer to:
Rainie Yang (Chinese: 楊丞琳; born 1984), a Taiwanese singer, actress and television host
Robert Rainie (1860–1945), a Scottish rugby union player
Lorraine "Rainie" Highway, a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera EastEnders
Lorraine (given name)
Loraine (name)
See also
Raini (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainie |
Bertram Barney Wainer (30 December 192816 January 1987) was an Australian doctor who successfully campaigned for legal access to abortion for women in the state of Victoria. In the process he received multiple death threats from Victoria Police and survived at least three attempts on his life, including shootings and arson. He was also to uncover political and police corruption.
Biography
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland (his father had died before his birth), he left school at thirteen and migrated to Australia eight years later with 2s 6d in his pocket. He did many odd jobs while attending night school and later the University of Melbourne, where he obtained his medical degree in 1958.
He became an army doctor in 1960 but resigned in 1966 as commander of a military hospital to go into private practice in St Kilda, Melbourne.
In 1967 a young woman came to Wainer's Melbourne surgery seeking emergency treatment after a back-yard abortion. For Wainer it marked the beginning of a long struggle to overturn laws that made abortion an offence punishable by up to fifteen years in jail.
The campaign of Wainer and others came to a head in 1969. Dr. Ken Davidson had been charged under the existing abortion law. After police began questioning women from patient files seized in a raid on the doctor's surgery, on 20 May 1969, Wainer placed an advertisement in the mass circulation The Sun News-Pictorial; under the heading 'Abortion Abortion Abortion' the ad called on women "not be intimidated by bullying or intimidatory tactics [of the police]".
On 3 June 1969, in a landmark decision R v Davidson, Dr. Davidson was acquitted; the court decision said, in part, that abortion could be legal under the following conditions: it was "(a) necessary to preserve the woman from a serious danger to her life or her physical or mental health which the continuance of the pregnancy would entail; and (b) in circumstances not out of proportion to the danger to be averted".
A few weeks after this Wainer surrendered himself to police and "confessed" to performing an abortion, thus testing the new legal framework and bringing publicity to the decision in the Davidson case. (Before that time Wainer had not performed abortions; this was one of the reasons he could be such a prominent advocate for change since he had not committed a 'crime'). Soon after this all the doctors charged with performing abortions were acquitted or proceedings were dropped.
Wainer also raised allegations of police corruption in protecting back-yard abortion rackets. His claims were published in stories written by journalist Evan Whitton in Melbourne's Truth newspaper. On 9 December 1969 a series of affidavits was handed to the Solicitor-General, Basil Murray QC. They alleged that police were protecting doctors as well as back-yard abortionists, including Charles Wyatt, a former Victorian police officer.
During the six months Wainer had been campaigning, Jack Ford had been promoted to the head of the Homicide squad. An inquiry which commenced in early 1970 headed by William Kaye QC revealed an institutionalised and systematic graft dating back to about 1953, and resulted in Ford and another Superintendent, Jack Matthews, being jailed for five years. Martin Jacobsen, a constable, was jailed for three years.
Wainer opened the Fertility Control Clinic in East Melbourne in 1972: the first in Australia where public access to abortion could be obtained with no upfront fees.
He wrote a book about his experiences, "It Isn't Nice", that was published in 1972.
In October 1974, Wainer presented the solicitor-general with a secretly-made tape recording of a senior sergeant talking to a minor criminal. He alleged that the conversation indicated that the policeman had accepted a bribe. After some initial inquiries has been made, the Hamer government set up an inquiry headed by Barry Beach, QC. It found that the health of the force was "not well". However, only 33 of the 55 police named by Beach were charged and all of them were acquitted.
In 1975, Wainer was interviewed on ABC TV's The Norman Gunston Show.
He ran for the seat of Casey in the 1980 election, achieving 3.97% of the vote.
He died of a heart attack in 1987 at Ararat, Victoria.
Documentary and telemovie
Wainer's life has been the subject of a documentary, Abortion, Corruption and Cops – The Bertram Wainer Story (2005, 52 mins) and a telemovie, Dangerous Remedy (2012, first broadcast 4 November 2012).
External links
Evans, Richard (2012). "Wainer, Bertram Barney (1928–1987)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
Campaigner's dream may finally be realised by MPs
The Principle of Necessity: Justice Menhennitt & Australia’s Roe v Wade
National Film & Sound Archive – "Abortion, Corruption and Cops – The Bertram Wainer Story"
Australian Broadcasting Corporation – "Dangerous Remedy"
IMDB – "Dangerous Remedy"
References
Australian military doctors
Medical doctors from Melbourne
Australian abortion-rights activists
Scottish emigrants to Australia
1928 births
1987 deaths
Australian general practitioners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram%20Wainer |
Environmental migrants are people who are forced to leave their home region due to sudden or long-term changes to their local or regional environment. These changes compromise their well-being or livelihood, and include increased drought, desertification, sea level rise, and disruption of seasonal weather patterns (such as monsoons). Though there is no uniform, clear-cut definition of environmental migration, the idea is gaining attention as policy-makers and environmental and social scientists attempt to conceptualize the potential social effects of climate change and other environmental degradation, such a deforestation or overexploitation.
"Environmental migrant" and "climate migrant" (or "climate refugee") are used somewhat interchangeably with a range of similar terms, such as ecological refugee, environmental refugee, forced environmental migrant, environmentally motivated migrant, environmentally displaced person (EDP), disaster refugee, environmental displacee, eco-refugee, ecologically displaced person, or environmental-refugee-to-be (ERTB). The distinctions between these terms remain contested.
Definition and concept
The vast majority of people fleeing environmental distress migrate over short distances, often temporarily. Moreover, the refugees aren't leaving their homes because of fear they will be persecuted, or because of "generalized violence or events seriously disturbing public order." Even though the definition of who is a refugee was expanded since its first international and legally binding definition in 1951 people who are forced to flee due to environmental change are still not offered the same legal protection as refugees.
The term "environmental refugee" was first proposed by Lester Brown in 1976. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) proposes the following definition for environmental migrants:
"Environmental migrants are persons or groups of persons who, for compelling reasons of sudden or progressive changes in the environment that adversely affect their lives or living conditions, are obliged to leave their habitual homes, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, and who move either within their country or abroad."
Climate migrants are a subset of environmental migrants who were forced to flee "due to sudden or gradual alterations in the natural environment related to at least one of three impacts of climate change: sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and drought and water scarcity."
Types
The International Organisation for Migration proposes three types of environmental migrants:
Environmental emergency migrants: people who flee temporarily due to an environmental disaster or sudden environmental event. (Examples: someone forced to leave due to a hurricane, tsunami, earthquake, etc.)
Environmental forced migrants: people who have to leave due to deteriorating environmental conditions. (Example: someone forced to leave due to a slow deterioration of their environment such as deforestation, coastal deterioration, etc. The village of Satabhaya in the Kendrapara district of Odisha in India is “one of the foremost victims of coastal erosion and submergence due to rising sea levels”. The villagers were losing their homes to the encroaching sea and their cultivable lands to saline ingress, and were forced to migrate elsewhere. In Nepal, many villages in mass migration has been reported from Sivalik Hills / Chure regions due to water scarcity. Similarly, in eastern highland of Nepal 10 households in Chainpur, Sankhuwasabha, 25 households in Dharmadevi and 10 households in Panchkhapan have been forced to migrate due to water crises in their areas.
Environmental motivated migrants also known as environmentally induced economic migrants: people who choose to leave to avoid possible future problems. (Example: someone who leaves due to declining crop productivity caused by desertification. A study conducted between 2014 and 2018 reveals that a large proportion of the deltaic populations of Volta delta in Africa, the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna delta in Bangladesh and India, and Mahanadi delta in India cited economic reasons as a cause of their migration and only 2.8% cited environment reasons. But one third of migrant households perceived an increased exposure to environmental hazards and deltaic populations associated environmental factors with more insecure livelihoods. This shows how the environment is having a proximate effect on migration.)
Other scholars have proposed various other types of migrant including:
Pressured environmental migrants – slow onset This type of migrant is displaced from their environment when an event is predicted prior to when it would be imperative for the inhabitants to leave. Such events could be desertification or prolonged drought, where the people of the region are no longer able to maintain farming or hunting to provide a hospitable living environment.
Imperative environmental migrants – gradual onset These are migrants that have been or will be "permanently displaced" from their homes due to environmental factors beyond their control.
Temporary environmental migrants – short term, sudden onset- This includes migrants suffering from a single event (i.e. Hurricane Katrina). This does not go to say that their status of being temporary is any less severe than that of the other, it simply means that they are able to go back to the place they fled from (though it may be undesirable to do so) granted that they are able to rebuild what was broken, and go on to maintain a similar quality of life to the one prior to the natural disaster. This type of migrant is displaced from their home state when their environment rapidly changes. They are displaced when disastrous events occur, such as tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, and other natural disasters occur.
Global statistics
There have been a number of attempts over the decades to enumerate environmental migrants and refugees. Jodi Jacobson (1988) is cited as the first researcher to enumerate the issue, stating that there were already up to 10 million 'Environmental Refugees'. Drawing on 'worst-case scenarios' about sea-level rise, she argued that all forms of 'Environmental Refugees' would be six times as numerous as political refugees. By 1989, Mustafa Tolba, Executive Director of United Nations Environment Programme, was claiming that 'as many as 50 million people could become environmental refugees' if the world did not act to support sustainable development.
In the mid-1990s, British environmentalist, Norman Myers, became the most prominent proponent of this 'maximalist' school (Suhrke 1993), noting that "environmental refugees will soon become the largest group of involuntary refugees". Additionally, he stated that there were 25 million environmental refugees in the mid-1990s, further claiming that this figure could double by 2010, with an upper limit of 200 million by 2050 (Myers 1997). Myers argued that the causes of environmental displacement would include desertification, lack of water, salination of irrigated lands and the depletion of biodiversity. He also hypothesised that displacement would amount to 30m in China, 30m in India, 15m in Bangladesh, 14m in Egypt, 10m in other delta areas and coastal zones, 1m in island states, and with otherwise agriculturally displaced people totalling 50m by 2050. More recently, Myers has suggested that the figure by 2050 might be as high as 250 million.
Norman Myers is the most cited researcher in this field, who found that 25 million environmental migrants existed in 1995 in his work (Myers & Kent 1995), which drew upon over 1000 sources. However, Vikram Kolmannskog has stated that Myers' work can be 'criticized for being inconsistent, impossible to check and failing to take proper account of opportunities to adapt' (2008: 9). Furthermore, Myers himself has acknowledged that his figures are based upon 'heroic extrapolation' (Brown 2008: 12). More generally, Black has argued that there is 'surprisingly little scientific evidence' that indicates that the world is 'filling-up with environmental refugees' (1998: 23).
Society and culture
Popular culture
The notion of 'environmental migrant' has been a part of popular culture at least since The Grapes of Wrath, a 1939 novel by John Steinbeck.
Documentary films
Eco Migrants: The Case of Bhola Island (2013), documentary movie directed by Susan Stein. Starring Katherine Jacobsen, Nancy Schneider, Bogumil Terminski
Refugees of the Blue Planet (2006), documentary movie directed by Hélène Choquette & Jean-Philippe Duval.
The Land Between (2014) documentary movie directed by David Fedele.
See also
References
Further reading
Bogumil Terminski, Environmentally-Induced Displacement. Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges, CEDEM, University of Liège, 2012.
External links
World Refugee & Migration Council (2021) 'Solutions for the Global Governance of Climate Displacement'
Environmental issues
Refugees by type
Globalization | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20migrant |
Wunjunga is a coastal locality in the Shire of Burdekin in Queensland, Australia. In the , Wunjunga had a population of 9 people.
Geography
It is located south of Home Hill in North Queensland. The waters of the Coral Sea form the eastern boundary.
Road infrastructure
The Bruce Highway runs along the western boundary.
References
Shire of Burdekin
Localities in Queensland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wunjunga%2C%20Queensland |
The St. Joseph Point Light was a lighthouse on the mainland north of present-day Port St. Joe, Florida, across the entrance to St. Joseph Bay from St. Joseph Point. St. Joseph Bay is enclosed by St. Joseph Peninsula, which runs west some three miles (5 km) from the mainland to Cape San Blas, and then northerly to St. Joseph Point. An earlier light in the area was the St. Joseph Bay Light.
St. Joseph Bay Light
St. Joseph Bay is one of the best natural harbors on the Gulf Coast of the United States, and the town of St. Joseph was founded in its shores in 1836. Unfortunately for the town, no rivers flow into St. Joseph Bay. In an attempt to capture some of the freight that shipped out of Apalachicola, two railroads were constructed from St. Joseph to the Apalachicola River, including the Lake Wimico and St. Joseph Canal and Railroad.
Also in 1836, the Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida petitioned Congress for a lighthouse to mark the entrance to St. Joseph Bay. The St. Joseph Bay lighthouse was approved, and was erected on St. Joseph Point, at the end the St. Joseph Peninsula, entering service in early 1839. The lighthouse was a white conical brick tower, with 15 lamps with reflectors at a height of .
In the meantime the town of St. Joseph had boomed, and hosted the 1838 convention to draft Florida's first constitution. However, in 1841 a ship brought yellow fever to St. Joseph. The disease killed many, and caused others to flee from the town. In 1843 a hurricane with a large storm surge destroyed the town. The site was abandoned for more than 50 years. In the 20th century the city of Port St. Joe was established about two miles (3 km) north of the site of old St. Joseph.
A petition was submitted in 1842 to close the St. Joseph Bay lighthouse, but it remained in service until 1847, when the lighthouse lantern and other equipment were moved to the new Cape San Blas lighthouse. The old St. Joseph Bay lighthouse was washed away in 1851.
St. Joseph Point (Beacon Hill) Light
Increasing activity in St. Joseph Bay, and the dangerous waters around St. Joseph Peninsula, led to calls for reactivation of a light for the entrance to St. Joseph Bay. After several recommendations from the Lighthouse Board, Congress approved a new lighthouse in 1898. The Lighthouse Board decided to place the new light at Beacon Hill on the mainland. The official name for the new light was St. Joseph Light Range Station. It was also known as the Beacon Hill Light, and is now called the St. Joseph Point Light by the Coast Guard. (Note that the St. Joseph Bay Light was on St. Joseph Point, while the St. Joseph Point Light is on the mainland.)
The new light station was completed in 1902. The light station at Beacon Hill consisted of two lights. The Rear Range Light was a square wooden house with a hip roof and the lantern at the peak of the roof. The Front Range Light was a wooden pyramidal tower seaward of the Rear Range Light. The house was raised above the ground, and the area under the house had work and storage rooms. The under part was later completely enclosed and used as barracks for troops who patrolled the shore in the area during World War II. The light station was very isolated in the early years, as the nearest town was away.
In 1960 the light was moved to a skeletal steel tower. The new light has a lamp with a lens at a height of . The old lighthouse was sold for $300 and moved three miles to a farm, where it was used first as a residence and then as a barn. In 1978 the house changed hands and was moved to Simmons Bayou, where it was restored and is now used as a private residence.
References
McCarthy, Kevin M. (1990). Florida Lighthouses, Paintings by William L. Trotter, Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press. .
National Park Service Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Florida Lighthouses - List of Florida Lighthouses - St. Joseph Point Range Rear Light "Beacon Hill" - retrieved February 16, 2006
Lighthouse Friends - St. Joseph Point, FL - retrieved February 16, 2006
Lighthouse Depot - St. Joseph Bay Light - retrieved February 16, 2006
Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society - Lighthouse 'U' List - retrieved February 16, 2006
Lighthouses completed in 1902
Transportation buildings and structures in Gulf County, Florida
Lighthouses in Florida
Port St. Joe, Florida
1902 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Joseph%20Point%20Light |
Keiwan Jevar Ratliff (born April 19, 1981) is an American former football cornerback who played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) during the 2000s. He played college football for the University of Florida, and was recognized as a consensus All-American. He was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL) in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft, and also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Indianapolis Colts and Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL.
Early years
Ratliff was born in Youngstown, Ohio in 1981. He attended Whitehall-Yearling High School in Whitehall, Ohio, and was a letterman in high school football and basketball for the Whitehall-Yearling Rams. Ratliff was a standout receiver on offense and cornerback on defense, he totaled forty-two catches for 760 yards and twelve touchdowns in 1997, and forty-six receptions for 880 yards and thirteen touchdowns in 1998. He was an all-state selection as a senior in 1998, and received high school All-America honors from Super Prep, Prep Star, and National Blue Chips.
College career
Ratliff accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Steve Spurrier and coach Ron Zook's Florida Gators football teams from 2000 to 2003. During his four-season college career with the Gators, he set school records for punt return yards (860), interceptions in a season (9), and interceptions in a single game (3). He was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection in 2002 and 2003, and a consensus first-team All-American in 2003. As a senior team captain, he was recognized as the SEC Defensive Player of the Year by Sporting News, and was picked by his teammates as the Gators' most valuable player. Ratliff was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great" in 2013.
Professional career
Cincinnati Bengals
The Cincinnati Bengals selected Ratliff in the second round (forty-ninth overall pick) in the 2004 NFL Draft. He played for the Bengals for three seasons and part of a fourth, from to . He played in fifty-one games for the Bengals, and started in eight. His most productive season was in 2005, when he intercepted three passes and recovered a fumble. Ratliff was a key player in the 2005 Bengals turn around, helping Cincinnati end their losing drought, by securing their first winning season in 15 years, going (11–5), and capturing the 2005 AFC North Division Championship.
On September 26, 2007, the Bengals released him.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Ratliff signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on November 12, 2007, but was waived on November 28, 2007.
Indianapolis Colts
The Indianapolis Colts claimed Ratliff off waivers on November 29, 2007. He saw limited play with the team in the 2007 and 2008 seasons until he was cut by the Colts on September 20, 2008. He was re-signed on October 8, 2008 but waived again on October 22. He was once again re-signed on October 30 after cornerback Marlin Jackson was placed on injured reserve.
On December 18, 2008, Ratliff scored his first NFL career touchdown in a game against the Jacksonville Jaguars; he intercepted David Garrard and ran the ball 35 yards for the game-winning touchdown. That game would wind up clinching the playoffs for Indianapolis that year.
Pittsburgh Steelers
An unrestricted free agent in the 2009 offseason, Ratliff signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers on May 1, 2009. He was released on November 24.
Cincinnati Bengals (second stint)
Ratliff was re-signed by the Bengals prior to the playoffs on January 4, 2010 after defensive tackle Pat Sims was placed on injured reserve. He was released on June 18.
Florida Tuskers
Ratliff was signed by the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League on September 1, 2010.
Cincinnati Bengals (third stint)
Ratliff was re-signed and added to the 53-man active roster on December 15, 2010.
Virginia Destroyers
Ratliff was added to the Destroyers' roster on September 9, 2011. He was placed on the injured reserve list on October 11.
See also
2003 College Football All-America Team
History of the Cincinnati Bengals
List of Florida Gators football All-Americans
List of Florida Gators in the NFL Draft
List of Pittsburgh Steelers players
List of University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame members
References
Bibliography
Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007). .
External links
Career stats
Keiwan Ratliff – Cincinnati Bengals player profile
Keiwan Ratliff – Florida Gators player profile
1981 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football cornerbacks
American football return specialists
Cincinnati Bengals players
Florida Gators football players
Florida Tuskers players
Indianapolis Colts players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Youngstown, Ohio
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Virginia Destroyers players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiwan%20Ratliff |
Dennis Bock (born August 28, 1964) is a Canadian novelist and short story writer, lecturer at the University of Toronto, travel writer and book reviewer. His novel Going Home Again was published in Canada by HarperCollins and in the US by Alfred A. Knopf in August 2013. It was shortlisted for the 2013 Scotiabank Giller Prize.
Going Home Again earned a review in Kirkus Review.
The Communist's Daughter, published by HarperCollins in Canada and Knopf in the US in 2006, and later in France, the Netherlands, Greece and Poland, is a retelling of the final years in the life of the Canadian surgeon Norman Bethune.
His first novel, The Ash Garden, about various kinds of fallout from the Hiroshima bomb, was published in 2001, and was shortlisted for the Books in Canada First Novel Award and the International Dublin Literary Award, the Kiriyama Pacific Rim Prize, and the Commonwealth Writers' Prize (Regional Best Book). It won the 2002 Canada-Japan Literary Award and has been published in translation in Spain, Argentina, Japan, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, France and Greece. Bock was reviewed in The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times (by Michiko Kakutani). His editor at Knopf, starting with The Ash Garden, is Gary Fisketjon.
After serving as fiction editor at the literary journal Blood & Aphorisms and holding writing residences at Yaddo, the Banff Centre, and Fundacion Valparaiso, in Spain, Bock published his first book, a short story collection Olympia, in 1998, for which he won the Danuta Gleed Literary Award for the best debut short story collection in Canada, the Canadian Authors' Association Jubilee Award, and the Betty Trask Award in the UK.
His short stories have appeared in Glimmer Train, The Penguin Book of Canadian Short Stories, The Journey Prize Anthology, and Coming Attractions. His travel writing and book reviews appear in The Globe and Mail, The National Post, The Washington Post, and Outpost Magazine.
Personal life
Dennis Bock was born August 28, 1964, in Belleville, Ontario. He studied English literature and philosophy at the University of Western Ontario, and took one year off during that time to live in Spain. After completing his degree he returned to Madrid, Spain, where he lived for 4 years. It was there he finished writing Olympia. Bock lives in Toronto and has two sons. He teaches at the University of Toronto and is on faculty at Humber College's School for Writers.
Prizes and honours
Bibliography
Novels
The Ash Garden (2001)
The Communist's Daughter (2006)
Going Home Again (2013)
Short stories
Olympia (1998)
References
External links
Official site
Interview with Dennis Bock, Quill & Quire, August 2001
New York Times review of The Communist's Daughter, March 4, 2007
New York Times review of Going Home Again, August 30, 2013
Canadian male novelists
Canadian male short story writers
Living people
1964 births
University of Western Ontario alumni
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20Bock |
Dubravka Tomšič Srebotnjak (born 7 February 1940 in Dubrovnik, Croatia, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian pianist and music teacher.
Early life
Tomsic received private lessons at a very young age and continued with education at the Music High School in Ljubljana and later at the Slovene Academy of Music under professor Zora Zarnik. Following the advice of concert pianist Claudio Arrau, she went to the United States at age 12 and in 1957 graduated from Juilliard School of Music in New York. Her teachers were Katherine Bacon and Alexander Uninsky. Arthur Rubinstein heard her New York Town Hall recital and invited her to study with him privately in the late 1950s. Tomšič became one of Rubinstein's protégées.
Career
Tomsic has been teaching piano at the Slovene Academy of music in Ljubljana since 1967. She has had a wide ranging concert career and is often invited to judge piano competitions including Van Cliburn, Leeds, L. v. Beethoven, Clara Haskil, and others. Dubravka Tomšič is very much sought after as a performer, making recital and concerto appearances all over Europe, Asia, North America, Mexico, Australia and Africa. She is credited with more than 3,500 performances and more than 20 records and 70 CD releases. For her artistic and pedagogic endeavours she has received numerous awards: 3rd prize at the Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition (Bolzano, 1961), Prešeren Fund Award (1962), 1. award at Mozart's festival recital (Brussels, 1967), Župančič Award (1970), gold lyre SUMUJ Award (1974), Prešeren Award (1975), AVNOJ Award (1976), Golden Award of the University in Ljubljana for her pedagogic and artistic achievements (1989), etc. She is an honorary member of the Slovene Philharmonics since 1995.
Her students include: Majda Martinc, Sonja Pahor, Hinko Haas, Lidija Stanković, Tatjana Ognjanović, Tomaž Petrač, Anja German, Miha Haas, Slaven Kulenovic, Natalija Šaver, Tadej Horvat, Sara Rustja Turniški, Stanislav Krutilov and Fada Azzeh.
Personal life
She was married to the late Slovenian composer Alojz Srebotnjak and has a son Martin Srebotnjak, who is a Slovenian film director.
References
External links
Biography on the Bach Cantatas Website
1940 births
Living people
People from Dubrovnik
Prize-winners of the Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition
Prešeren Award laureates
Slovenian classical pianists
Slovenian people of Croatian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubravka%20Tom%C5%A1i%C4%8D%20Srebotnjak |
Everytime We Touch is the first album by German Eurodance trio Cascada (consisting of DJ Manian, Natalie Horler and Yanou). It was released on 21 February 2006. Recording sessions for the album took place from Autumn 2004 through January 2006, most of which was recorded after the third single from the album "Everytime We Touch" rose to popularity; the final recording session was completed in three weeks. The entire album was produced by Yanou and DJ Manian, containing heavily of up-tempo Eurodance tracks, many of which are covers of hit songs from the 1980s and 1990s of the synthpop, Eurodance, and rock genres. Musically, the album is composed of dance tracks with thick Euro synths, trance beats that clock in at over 140 beats per minute and Europop lyrics. Lyrically, the album is composed of songs about love and dance floor euphoria.
Critical reception of the album has been mixed, with many critics disliking the repetitive beats and what they saw as filler. Most critics did admire, however, its chart success for a dance album in the tough US music market. The album has sold about 2 million copies worldwide. There was a total of seven singles released from the album. "Miracle" and "Everytime We Touch" were released in America and were the only singles that received gold and platinum certifications. Along with "Truly, Madly, Deeply", these singles attained notable chart success internationally, peaking in the top ten in countries like the United Kingdom, Ireland and Sweden. "A Neverending Dream" and "How Do You Do!" achieved minor chart success in Ireland, the United Kingdom and Austria respectively.
Critical reception
Sharon Mawer from Allmusic gave the album a mixed review and said the album's songs were for "dancing to" in a "club with lights flashing and people all around" but said that "after an hour of the same repetitive beat, one's senses can become a little jaded." Dom Passantino from Stylus Magazine gave the album a C+ and said the album had "a lot of filler" and called "Everytime We Touch" unoriginal. Ken Barnes of USA Today, however, awarded the album 3 out of 4 stars and said that "you couldn't ask for a more insanely infectious concoction."
Chart performance
The album was accidentally released on iTunes for digital download on 11 February 2006, ten days before its scheduled release, in what was said to be a computer error. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number 67, selling over 17,000 copies in its first week. It has gone on to sell over 100,000 copies in the US.
In the United Kingdom, the album entered the charts at #6. It then went on to peak at #2. It spent 28 weeks in the UK Albums Top 75, and 35 weeks in the Ireland Albums Top 75 (where it peaked at #1). The album went on to sell over 600,000 copies in the UK, achieving Platinum Certification.
Track listing
Singaporean release
Disc one
"Everytime We Touch" – 3:10
"A Neverending Dream" – 3:23
"Bad Boy" – 3:13
"How Do You Do!" – 2:52
"Another You" – 3:38
"Miracle" – 3:39
"Can't Stop the Rain" – 3:29
"Kids in America" – 3:01
"Love Again" – 3:28
"One More Night" – 3:44
"Truly Madly Deeply" – 4:13
"Ready for Love" – 3:24
"Wouldn't It Be Good" – 3:28
"Everytime We Touch" (Yanou's Candlelight Mix) – 3:17
Disc two
"A Neverending Dream" (Original Club Mix) – 4:57
"A Neverending Dream" (The Real Booty Babes Remix) – 5:59
"Everytime We Touch" (Original Club Mix) – 5:32
"Everytime We Touch" (Rocco Vs. Bass-T Remix) – 5:41
"How Do You Do!" (Rob Mayth Remix) – 5:32
"How Do You Do!" (Tune Up! Remix) – 5:29
"Bad Boy" (Original Club Mix) – 6:16
"Bad Boy" (Central Seven Remix) – 5:57
"Miracle" (Original Club Mix) – 6:09
"Miracle" (The Usual Suspects Presents EXR Remix) – 6:22
UK release
Includes all 14 tracks from the first release (US) in rearranged order along with the following two remixes:
"Truly Madly Deeply" (Radio Edit) – 2:57
"Everytime We Touch" (Yanou's Candlelight mix) – 3:15
Australian release
Includes all 14 tracks from the first release (US) in rearranged order along with the following remixes:
"Everytime We Touch" (Club Mix) – 5:32
"How Do You Do!" (Club Mix) – 5:05
"A Neverending Dream" (Club Mix) – 4:58
"A Neverending Dream" (Deepforces Remix) – 6:10
"A Neverending Dream" (The Real Booty Babes Remix) – 5:59
Premium Edition
Web Release: Zoo Digital: Cat: ZDS 088
Everytime We Touch – 3:17
Ready For Love – 3:23
Miracle – 3:38
How Do You Do – 3:15
Can't Stop The Rain – 3:28
Truly Madly Deeply (eurotrance version) – 2:55
Wouldn't It Be Good – 3:27
Bad Boy – 3:11
Another You – 3:37
A Neverending Dream – 3:22
Love Again – 3:27
Kids In America – 3:00
One More Night – 3:42
Truly Madly Deeply (pop version) – 4:11
Everytime We Touch (Yanou's Candlelight mix) – 3:15
Everytime We Touch (club mix) – 5:31
Everytime We Touch (Rocco vs Bass-T remix) – 5:41
Everytime We Touch (2-4 Grooves remix) – 6:15
Everytime We Touch (Verano remix) – 5:51
Ready For Love (club mix) – 4:54
Ready For Love (ItaloBrothers New vox remix) – 5:23
Miracle (original mix) – 6:08
Miracle (The Hitmen remix) – 6:54
Miracle (Alex M remix) – 6:46
Miracle (Sunset Crew remix) – 6:21
How Do You Do (original mix) – 5:04
How Do You Do (Megara vs DJ Lee remix) – 7:05
How Do You Do (Rob Mayth remix) – 5:30
Can't Stop The Rain (club mix) – 5:03
Can't Stop The Rain (Mainfield Hardspace remix) – 7:16
Truly Madly Deeply (club mix) – 4:32
Truly Madly Deeply (2-4 Grooves remix) – 6:00
Truly Madly Deeply (Thomas Gold remix) – 8:32
Truly Madly Deeply (Tune Up! remix) – 4:33
Wouldn't It Be Good (club mix) – 5:07
Bad Boy (original mix) – 6:15
Bad Boy (Pulsedriver remix) – 5:54
A Neverending Dream (club mix) – 4:56
A Neverending Dream (The Real Booty Babes remix) – 5:58
A Neverending Dream (Digital Dog remix) – 6:26
A Neverending Dream (Deepforces remix) – 6:09
Love Again (club mix) – 5:29
Love Again (Rob Mayth remix) – 6:23
Kids In America (original mix) – 4:18
One More Night (club mix) – 5:32
Personnel
Frank Ehrlich – management
Natalie Horler – vocals
Rebecca Meek – design
Yann "Yanou" Peifer – mixing
Manuel "Manian" Reuter – mixing
Joe Yannece – mastering
Armin Zedler – photography
Chart positions
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2006 debut albums
Cascada albums
European Border Breakers Award-winning albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everytime%20We%20Touch%20%28album%29 |
John Haviland (December 15, 1792 – March 28, 1852) was an English-born American architect who was a major figure in American Neo-Classical architecture, and one of the most notable architects working from Philadelphia during the nineteenth century.
Biography
Born December 15, 1792, at Gundenham, near Wellington, England, Haviland was apprenticed in 1811 to a London architect. In 1815, he unsuccessfully pursued an appointment to the Russian Imperial Corps of Engineers. In Russia, however, he met George von Sonntag and John Quincy Adams, who encouraged him to work in the United States. He arrived in Philadelphia in 1816, and soon established himself as one of the few professional architects in the city.
By 1818, Haviland produced a book, The Builder's Assistant, which appeared in three volumes over several years. This publication was one of the earliest architectural pattern books written and published in North America, and likely the first to include Greek and Roman classical orders.
Due, in part, to The Builder's Assistant, Haviland began to secure what would be his most important commissions in Philadelphia: the Eastern State Penitentiary, the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (now Dorrance Hamilton Hall, University of the Arts), and the original Franklin Institute building (now home to the Atwater Kent Museum).
During this time, Haviland unwisely speculated financially on his own projects, including commercial arcades in Philadelphia and New York, as well as an amusement park. He was eventually forced into bankruptcy, tarnishing his professional reputation in Philadelphia. Elsewhere, however, Haviland's reputation as a designer of prisons brought him important commissions, including the New Jersey Penitentiary, The Tombs in New York City, and prisons in Missouri, Rhode Island, and Arkansas.
Haviland was an Honorary and Corresponding Member of the Royal Institute of British Architects. In 1827, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.
Personal life
On July 2, 1819, Haviland was married to Mary Wright von Sonntag by the Right Rev. William White, Bishop of Pennsylvania. She was the sister of George von Sonntag and the daughter of Captain William Ludwig von Sonntag of the French Army. They had a son,
John von Sonntag de Havilland (1826–1886).
Edward Haviland, also a prison architect, was born to John as well.
Death and interment
Haviland died in Philadelphia on March 28, 1852, and was buried in the family vault at St. Andrews Church in Philadelphia (now the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St. George). That vault had been designed by Haviland himself.
Architectural work, partial listing
Philadelphia buildings
Additions & alterations to Old City Hall, 5th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1820).
First Presbyterian Church (Washington Square Presbyterian), SE corner 7th & Locust Sts., Philadelphia (1820–22, demolished 1939).
St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, 256 S. 8th St., Philadelphia (1822–23). Now Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St. George.
Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, NW corner Broad & Pine Sts., Philadelphia (1824–26). Now Dorance Hamilton Hall, University of the Arts.
Franklin Institute, 15 S. 7th St., Philadelphia (1825). Now the Atwater Kent Museum.
Philadelphia Arcade, 615-19 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1826–27, demolished 1860). The first American enclosed shopping gallery.
Walnut Street Theater, 9th & Walnut Sts., Philadelphia (1827–28). Oldest continuously operated theater in the U.S.
Eastern State Penitentiary, Fairmount Avenue between Corinthian Avenue and North 22nd St., Philadelphia (1829).
Boston Row, NW corner 12th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1830).
Independence Hall, 5th & 6th streets, renovation of second story (1831) and restoration of assembly room (1833)
Egyptian Revival style Pennsylvania Fire Insurance building, 1838, Philadelphia
Kensington Commissioner's Hall, Frankford Avenue & Master Street (1833–34), still standing in 1878, demolished by c1890.[7]
Buildings elsewhere
Monument to prison reformer John Howard in Kherson, Ukraine
U.S. Naval Asylum, Portsmouth, VA (1827).
Miner's Bank, Pottsville, PA (1830–31, demolished).
New Jersey State Penitentiary, near Trenton (1832–6).
Rebuilding of Pittsburgh Penitentiary (Western Penitentiary) (1833–36).
The Tombs (Hall of Justice), New York, NY (1835–38, demolished 1902).
Missouri State Penitentiary, Jefferson City, MO (1836). Closed in 2004.
Essex County Jail, New Street, Newark, NJ (1836–38). Abandoned since 1971.
Newark County Hall, Newark, NJ
Berks County Jail, Reading, PA (1848).
Harrisburg State Hospital AKA Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, PA (1848–51).
Lancaster County Jail, 625 E. King Street, Lancaster, PA (1851).
Rhode Island State Penitentiary
(Old) Allegheny County Jail, Pittsburgh, PA.
York County Hall, York, PA.
Luzerne County Jail, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (circa 1850).
Gallery
References
External links
Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 April 1833, page 2
Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Haviland (see index)
Haviland biography at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
Haviland biography at ushistory.org
Haviland obituary, Pennsylvania Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy, v. 7, no. 3, July 1852, p. 97-107.
Haviland prints and photographs at the U.S. Library of Congress
1792 births
1852 deaths
19th-century American architects
American ecclesiastical architects
People from Taunton
Architects from Philadelphia
Greek Revival architects
English emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Haviland |
The Raid on Los Baños (Filipino: Pagsalakay sa Los Baños) in the Philippines, early Friday morning on 23 February 1945, was executed by a combined United States Army Airborne and Filipino guerrilla task force, resulting in the liberation of 2,147 Allied civilian and military internees from an agricultural school campus turned Japanese internment camp. The 250 Japanese in the garrison were killed. It has been celebrated as one of the most successful rescue operations in modern military history. It was the second precisely-executed raid by combined U.S.-Filipino forces within a month, following on the heels of the Raid at Cabanatuan at Luzon on 30 January, in which 522 Allied military POWs had been rescued. The air/sea/land raid was the subject of a 2015 nonfiction book, Rescue at Los Baños: The Most Daring Prison Camp Raid of World War II, by New York Times bestselling author Bruce Henderson.
Background
Since the landings of the U.S. Sixth Army at Lingayen Gulf and the U.S. Eighth Army at Nasugbu, Batangas on 9 January 1945 and 31 January 1945 respectively, to retake Luzon, the Imperial Japanese Army was being repeatedly pushed back and was increasingly becoming desperate. Soon news was filtering down to Allied commanders that the Japanese were killing innocent civilians and prisoners of war while falling back.
General Douglas MacArthur was deeply alarmed about the plight of thousands of prisoners who had been interned in various camps on Luzon, since the early days of the Pacific War. There was concern that, with deliverance so near, they might be killed. Earlier, some daring raids were carried out to rescue POWs, including one at Cabanatuan and at the University of Santo Tomas Internment Camp and Bilibid Prison at the height of the Battle for Manila.
Los Baños Internment Camp
In Los Baños, Laguna, at the UP College of Agriculture and UP College of Forestry, now the University of the Philippines Los Baños, which was located on a site, was the POW and civilian concentration camp, wedged between the foothills of Mount Makiling and the northern shore of Los Baños facing Laguna de Bay. The camp was being constructed next to Baker Hall, by the first group of 800 men who arrived in May 1943. In December 1943, an additional 200 inmates arrived from the University of Santo Tomas Internment Camp, followed by 500 in April 1944, and 150 in December.
Surrounded by barbed wire fences in clusters of thatched huts were Americans, British, Australians, Dutch, Norwegians, Poles, Italians, and Canadians. Aside from eleven navy nurses under the command of Chief Nurse Laura M. Cobb and a few servicemen, almost all of the inmates were civilian businessmen, teachers, bankers, and missionaries caught by the Japanese during the course of the war and incarcerated in various POW camps in the country.
While incarcerated, the POWs had formed an Executive Committee to deal with the guards for self-governing purposes and to obtain whatever marginal freedom or concessions they could obtain from the Japanese prison authorities. Nonetheless, the internees were made to get by on dwindling rations, limited clothing, poor housing and non-existent sanitation and endure the sadistic tendencies of the camp guards. By early 1945, the conditions in the camp turned hellish, with enforced limited rations and mounting abuse, courtesy of the camp's second-in-command, Warrant Officer Sadaaki Konishi.
Mission
The U.S. 11th Airborne Division under Major general Joseph Swing arrived in the southwest Pacific in mid-1944. Prior to taking part in the invasion of Leyte in October, the division had undergone theater combat training in New Guinea. Together with the 503rd Parachute Regimental Combat Team, these were the only U.S. Army airborne forces in the Pacific theater of operations. After Leyte, the 188th Glider Infantry Regiment spearheaded the landings at Nasugbu with the U.S. Eighth Army on 31 January, while the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment parachuted into Tagaytay Ridge on 3 February.
That same day, 3 February 1945, Swing was tasked with a rescue mission to rescue the internees at the Los Baños camp, some behind the Japanese lines. However, with the 11th Airborne committed to a series of pitched battles south of Manila and the resolute Japanese defense at Nichols Field and Fort William McKinley, immediate deployment was out of the question. As an interim measure, Swing ordered his subordinates to develop a plan that could be implemented at the earliest possible moment, a task that was headed by his G-2 Colonel Henry Muller. Then on 18 February, the 1st Battalion, 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment, under Major Henry Burgess, the main unit assigned to carry out the mission, was pulled out from its battlefield position on the so-called Genko Line, a fortified system of interlocking pillboxes and anti-tank fortifications running along the southern Manila district of Las Piñas and proceeded to Parañaque district to rest and regroup.
By 20 February 1945, the conditions on Luzon turned favorable, such that the various elements could be withdrawn from combat and apprised of their mission. They were ordered to their staging posts and readied to go, with the raid scheduled for 07:00 on 23 February. For the jump phase of the assault plan, the 511th regimental commander, Lt. Col. Edward Lahti appointed Company B, 1st Battalion, 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the 11th Airborne Division under 1st Lt. John Ringler together with the Headquarters Company Light Machine Gun Platoon of 2nd Lt. Walter Hettinger. The 188th Glider Infantry Regiment of Colonel Robert Soule had perhaps the most daunting task; trying to stave off a counterattack from the main highway. Bivouacked across the San Juan River were some 8,000–10,000 Japanese troops of the 8th "Tiger" Division, commanded by Lieutenant general Shizuo Yokoyama.
Guerrilla connection
The various Filipino guerrilla groups operating in the vicinity of Los Baños played a key role that led to the successful liberation of the camp. Earlier, in the partisan war against the Japanese, a combined guerrilla command was formed to bring some order to the effort by the defunct USAFFE command, which was in charge of unconventional forces in the Philippines, and renamed as the General Guerrilla Command (GGC) of Luzon under Major Jay D. Vanderpool of the U.S. Army whom the 11th Airborne soldiers affectionately called, "The Little Corporal".
Under the GGC, the Hunters ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) guerrillas, made up originally of former cadets of the Philippine Military Academy along with some former ROTC and college students under the command of Colonel Frank Quesada were one of the most active groups. Other formations included President Quezon's Own Guerrillas (PQOG) under Colonel Fil Avanceña, Red Lion's Unit, the Filipino-Chinese 48th Squadron and the Villegas group of the Hukbalahaps were tasked by the GGC to coordinate operations related to Los Baños.
Among the members of Hunters-ROTC guerillas who participated in the raid was the future Filipino film star Mario Montenegro, then only sixteen years old.
Plan
Long before the arrival of the U.S. liberation forces, the guerrillas conducted intelligence operations that gathered precise inside information about the POWs in Los Baños and their guards. Many prisoners were long-time friends of partisan families before the war. With Lieutenant colonel Gustavo Inglés designated as overall guerrilla coordinator with the 11th Airborne Division, information was shared with Swing's Command Staff, including Colonel Henry Muller (G-2), and Colonel Douglas Quandt (G-3), as well as other top planners, who fine-tuned the final strategy.
On 12 February, Freddy Zervoulakos, a 19-year-old Greek-Filipino, slipped out of the camp and made contact with the guerrillas. He was sent back into the camp with the promise that the internees would be rescued. But the internee committee decided that it would be best for the prisoners to do nothing. A week later, another escapee from the camp, a civilian engineer named Pete Miles, gave further valuable information to the 11th A/B Division planners, including the daily routine in the camp, details of troop positions and the exact location of the internees. This proved a great asset to the planners and enabled them to finalize the four-phase plan that was timed to coincide with the guards' exercise period, which was conducted by the Japanese troops without clothing, equipment, or weapons, thereby minimizing the risk of harm to the internees during the rescue. Meanwhile, two lieutenants made a reconnaissance of the drop zone with the guerrillas and the two internees.
The Joint U.S. Army-Guerrilla Assault Plan was as follows:
Phase 1 would begin when the 11th Airborne's Provisional Reconnaissance Platoon, under the command of 1Lt. George Skau, together with some twenty Filipino guerrilla guides, would travel behind enemy lines by bancas (local fishing boats) across Laguna Lake two nights before the raid, where they would wait. Four assault teams under Sergeants Martin Squires, Terry Santos (4th class graduate of the Alamo Scouts Training Center), Cliff Town and Robert Angus would assault the camp gate from different angles. At 07:00 on 23 February they were charged with marking the Drop Zones, Landing Zones and for the neutralizing of the camp gate guards, simultaneous with an attack from the remaining directions by the guerrillas' 45th Hunter Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Inglés, who would also surround the entire camp perimeter prior to the signaled hour.
In Phase 2, B Company, 1st Battalion, 511th PIR led by Lieutenant John Ringler, with the support of Lieutenant Walter Hettinger's Machine Gun Platoon, would parachute into a small drop zone next to the camp, rendezvous with a Hukbalahap guerrilla unit, neutralize the remaining camp guards and secure the internees.
In Phase 3, the remainder of 1st Battalion would board 54 LVT(4) tracked amphibious assault vehicles of the 672nd Amphibian Tractor Battalion commanded by Lieutenant colonel Joseph W. Gibbs at 04:00 and slip into Laguna de Bay and head for Mayondon Point, near San Antonio, some two miles from the camp. A Recon Platoon squad under Sergeant Leonard Hahn would mark and guide them to their landing point. Here they would travel overland and make their way to the camp, scheduling to arrive shortly after 07:00. They would then carry the internees back to Mayondon Point and make good their escape to Mamatid village.
Phase 4 involved the 188th Glider Infantry Regiment (minus its 2nd Battalion) and Company C of the 637th Tank Destroyer Battalion together with elements of the 472nd and 675th Field Artillery Battalions, under Colonel Robert H. Soule. The force would move down Highway 1 to act as a diversionary force and to engage the Japanese 8th Division, if necessary, so as to protect the flank.
Other guerrilla units such as Marking's Fil-American troops and the 48th Chinese Squadron were to set up road blocks in the towns of Calauan, Bay and Pila to delay possible Japanese reinforcements. The Hunters-ROTC 47th Regiment under Lieutenant colonel Emmanuel de Ocampo would do the same in the Calamba-Pansol area.
The backup 11th A/B pack howitzers in Calamba, Laguna, area was to bombard the road towards Los Baños. All the surrounding approaches and to the main camp would be secured. The townspeople were briefed and asked to vacate Los Baños by the local PQOG home-guard units.
Raid
Under cover of darkness on 21 February 1945, Skau and his 31-man platoon left the west shore of Laguna de Bay and headed across the lake in three bancas. Skau and six men led the way while the separate assault team of 23 men followed soon after. Avoiding Japanese patrol craft on the lake, they landed near Nanhaya and met with local guerrillas and some camp escapees at the local schoolhouse. Included in the group were Freddy Zervoulakos and Benjamin Edwards, another young escapee, who sketched the layout of the camp on the schoolhouse blackboard. Skau decided to split his group into six teams, assigning a number of guerrillas to each team. Edwards and Zervoulakos each accompanied one team. On the night of 22 February, they journeyed through the jungle and rice paddies to their starting points.
At 04:00 on 23 February 1945 the 1st Battalion 511PIR (less B Company) boarded 54 LVT-4s, slipped into Laguna de Bay, and headed for Mayondon Point. They also managed to reach their destination without alerting any Japanese defenders and headed off for the remaining overland journey to the camp, aiming to arrive just after 07:00.
Meanwhile, Lieutenant Ringler's B Company, 511th PIR together with the Light Machine Gun Platoon, had spent the moonless night of 22 February waiting at Nichols Field where, in the early dawn, they donned their parachutes, put on their equipment, and loaded onto nine C-47s of the 65th Troop Carrier Squadron, under the command of Major Don Anderson, for the short flight. Flying unopposed by Japanese aircraft or antiaircraft fire, they soon arrived at their destination, which was clearly marked with green smoke by the Reconnaissance Platoon.
The Recon Platoon teams led by Skau and Sergeants. Angus, Call and Town took out the guard posts on the north and west side of the camp. The Hunters ROTC guerrillas chased after and killed the Japanese guards.
At 07:00, coming in at the planned jump altitude and in three "V"s of three aircraft, Ringler's paratroopers dropped from their aircraft. B Company charged the camp 15–20 minutes after the attack was launched, entering through openings cut by the scouts. The firefight was short and intense, and with the Japanese defeated, the internees freed.
The LVT-4s came ashore in nine columns of six vehicles after green smoke grenades were popped on San Antonio beach, by Sergeant Hahn and Marking's guerrillas, at 0658. Led by Burgess, the amtracs reached the camp, knocking out a pillbox and crashed through the camp gate.
Evacuation
Mindful of the need for speed, Ringler's men rounded up the internees as rapidly as they could. Some prisoners refused to leave, so Hettlinger's men burned the camp's remaining huts to encourage the internees to load into the LVTs. At first, the disabled, along with the women and children, were loaded onto the waiting vehicles, while the more able internees formed a walking column and headed for the beach and freedom.
In the distance, across the lake, intense fire was heard. That sound was from the Soule Task Force. Early that morning, the diversionary force of the 188th Glider Infantry Regiment and Company C of the 637th Tank Destroyer Battalion, together with elements of the 472nd and 675th Field Artillery Battalions under Soule, rolled out into Highway 1 and attacked across the San Juan River. They ran into Japanese opposition near the Lechería Hills where casualties were taken, but by mid-morning they had cleared the area and were marching towards Los Baños and cutting off the road between the Japanese 8th Tiger Division and Los Baños.
From an elevated position, Soule could see, in the distance, the Amtracs on the beach heading back to Mamatid, so he ordered his force to conduct a defensive withdrawal and to re-establish its bridgehead across the San Juan River.
Finally, after two trips, the last of the LVTs departed at 15:00 for Mamatid. The internees included a three-day-old baby girl, Lois Kathleen McCoy. Frank Buckles, who would become the last surviving American veteran of World War I, was also among the prisoners; he had been captured as a civilian in Manila.
Aftermath
Two of Sgt. Santos's Recon Platoon members and four Filipino guerrillas were wounded. Two 188th Glider Infantry Regiment soldiers, John T. Doiron and Vernal Ray McMurtrey, were killed at the Lecheria Hills engagement. The hand-to-hand skirmish was not without casualties. A handful of guards were able to muster a makeshift defense, killing two young Hunter guerrillas, Pfc. Atanacio Castillo and Pfc. Anselmo Soler. Their bodies were recovered and buried beside the College chapel.
Firsthand accounts include that of former internee, Lewis Thomas Watty, vice president of the POW committee, who said:
The ensuing fight went on for very long minutes without letup, enemy defenders caught by total surprise were pinned and cut down mercilessly by liberator's fire. The Hunter experience through the years in irregular warfare paid off handsomely. It was also true of the paratroopers who were veterans of the South Pacific before they landed in Luzon.
A few days after the rescue, the Japanese in full force, led by the escaped Sadaaki Konishi, returned to Los Baños. Upon seeing that there were no POWs in sight, the Japanese turned their wrath on the remaining civilians in town who had failed to heed the warning from the guerrillas to leave. With the help of the pro-Japanese Makapili, the Japanese massacred some 1,500 men, women and children, and burned their homes, as well as those in the adjacent towns suspected of collaborating with the liberators. Konishi was tried for his war crimes after the war and hanged.
Historical significance
The outstanding success of the Los Baños raid incorporated many facets that revolutionized generations of future special military operations. Thorough planning, reliable intelligence, stealth, speed and surprise, superior firepower, cooperation by friendly forces, and support of the populace gave the planners and forces implementing the raid an advantage that resulted in few casualties.
Historical commemoration
11th Airborne Division Association Commemoration
The regional chapters of the 11th Airborne Division Association celebrate the raid and rescue with a Los Baños Commemoration Dinner on or about 23 February every year. The Hunters-ROTC Filipino guerrillas and other partisan units, who supported the 11th Airborne Division also commemorate the freeing of the prison camp.
Los Baños Liberation Memorial Scholarship Foundation
To help keep the memory and meaning of the Los Baños rescue alive, a small group of civilian ex-prisoners of war established The Los Baños Liberation Memorial Scholarship Foundation, Inc., a non-profit, tax-exempt California corporation, organized and operated exclusively for educational purposes within the meaning of U.S. Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3). Through tax-deductible contributions, the Foundation is creating a permanent endowment fund. The purpose of the Foundation is to grant scholarship awards to students of Filipino citizenship enrolled at The Rural High School of the University of the Philippines in Los Baños, to encourage and enable them to complete the Rural High School program. In 2010 twelve students from low-income families were receiving scholarships in the amount of $250 each per year, enabling them to pay required fees and stay in school until graduation if they perform well. As part of their curriculum, these scholars do historical research or creative arts on the subject of Los Banos during World War II, including the actions of the 11th Airborne Division and the Hunters ROTC Guerrillas and the murder of many of the citizens of Los Banos at the hands of the vengeful Japanese troops and the Makapili collaborators.
U.S. Congress Joint Resolution 18
On 16 February 2005, House Joint Resolution 18, sponsored by U.S. Representative Trent Franks was passed by the House. This resolution commemorated the raid and reaffirmed the nation's commitment to a full accounting of prisoners of war and those missing in action.
The truly heroic acts at Los Baños serve not only as examples of the humanitarian compassion of American servicemen and women, but also as an example of our nation’s long-standing commitment to leave no soldier, living or dead, in enemy hands. As we have military personnel spread throughout the world today, many of whom are daily risking capture and torture at the hands of brutal terrorists, it is more important than ever to recognize and honor the heroism and willing sacrifice of those soldiers who risk their own safety not to take a strategic objective, but simply to bring a comrade home.
Throughout history, American servicemen have made a habit of putting themselves squarely in evil’s way. They have done so secure in the knowledge that if they fall into the hands of the enemy, they will not be forgotten. Indeed, every effort possible will be undertaken to bring them home. In this, the 60th anniversary of the liberation of over 2,000 prisoners from the camp at Los Baños – and at a time when our military is deployed in harm’s way far around the globe, let us recognize those individuals who sacrificed to bring their brothers and sisters home. And let’s honor the heroic actions of the past by officially reaffirming our nation’s commitment to leave no fighting man or woman in enemy hands, at any time, now or in the future. (Remarks made on the floor of the House by Representative Franks.)
60th Anniversary Commemoration at Los Baños and Beyond
On 23 February 2005, the 60th anniversary of the raid was commemorated with the unveiling of a historical marker at the former internment camp (Baker Hall, University of the Philippines Los Baños). The ceremony was attended by several government officials from national, provincial and municipal levels, university officials as well as the U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines.
On 22 February 2016, the 71st anniversary of the raid of Los Baños was held at Baker Hall, University of the Philippines Los Baños. Part of the day's celebration included the film showing of the documentary "Unsurrendered 2" by Director Bani Logroño, Spyron-AV Manila.
See also
List of American guerrillas in the Philippines
Military History of the Philippines during World War II
Raid at Cabanatuan, Jan. 1945
References
Further reading
Arthur, Anthony. Deliverance at Los Baños (1985) Thomas Dunne/St. Martin's Press
Flanagan, Edward M. The Los Baños Raid: The 11th Airborne Jumps at Dawn (1986) Presidio Books
Henderson, Bruce. Rescue at Los Baños: The Most Daring Prison Camp Raid of World War II (2015) William Morrow
Holm, Jeremy C. When Angels Fall: From Toccoa to Tokyo, the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment in World War II (2019)
Rottman, G.L. The Los Banos Prison Camp Raid (Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2010, )
S. Sandler. World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia (2000) Routledge
Onorato, Michael Paul. Forgotten Heroes: Japan's Imprisonment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1942–1945: an Oral History (Meckler, 1990)
External links
The 511th Parachute Infantry - The Los Baños Raid Full Timeline
Rescue at Los Baños: The Most Daring Prison Camp Raid of World War II by Bruce Henderson
Deliverance It Has Come by: Herman Knight Beaber and John S. Beaber
Freedom At Dawn
HistoryNet.Com/World War II: Liberating Los Baños Internment Camp by Sam McGowan
Rescue at Dawn: The Los Banos Raid (2004) (TV) History Channel production, IMDb listing
Video clip: Historic footage of liberation and evacuation of internees from Los Baños by US and Filipino forces
Los Baños
Los Banos
Philippine resistance against Japan
Los Banos
Los Banos
1945 in the Philippines
History of Laguna (province)
Los Baños, Laguna
Los Baños
February 1945 events in Asia
Los Banos | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid%20on%20Los%20Ba%C3%B1os |
Arthur William Hummel Jr. (; birth name Arthur Millbourne Hummel; June 1, 1920 – February 6, 2001) was a United States diplomat.
Early life
He was born in Fenzhou, Shanxi, China, to Christian missionaries Arthur W. Hummel Sr. (1884–1975) and Ruth Bookwalter Hummel. His family moved to Beijing when he was 4. In 1927, when he was 7, the disruption and anti-foreign violence of the Northern Expedition forced his family to relocate to Massachusetts. When he was 8, his parents moved to Washington, D.C., where his father worked as Chief of the Orientalia Division at the Library of Congress. His parents sent him to Westtown School, a Quaker boarding school outside Philadelphia, for high school, where he graduated in 1938. He then attended Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, earning a B.A in 1940. In the same year, he then returned to Beijing to study at the California College of Chinese Studies and to study Chinese, since he had forgotten what he had learned as a child. He also taught English at the Catholic University of Peking.
Peaceful study in the ancient capital did not last long, however. After the attack on Pearl Harbor Hummel was taken by the Japanese and interned at the Weihsien Internment Camp in Shandong Province. Though food was not adequate, life at the camp was relatively relaxed, since it was far from the battle-front. Hummel was put in charge of the hospital laboratory, taking advantage of his college training. One of his fellow internees was Langdon Gilkey, who later became a well-known theologian. In 1944 he and Laurance Tipton, a British prisoner, escaped and joined a unit of the Nationalist guerrillas who fought against the Japanese. After World War II ended, he worked with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, an organization which helped rebuild China along with other countries needing aid after the war. Hummel then attended the University of Chicago, graduating with a master's degree in International Studies in 1949.
Career
Arthur Hummel joined the United States Foreign Service in 1950. In 1960, Hummel attended the National War College. He was director of Voice of America from 1961 to 1963. He served after that as Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Taiwan before being appointed to the position of United States Ambassador to Burma in 1968. He left his post on July 22, 1971, to become United States Ambassador to Ethiopia from 1975 to 1976. He also was Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1976 to 1977. On June 8, 1977, he was appointed United States Ambassador to Pakistan, where he served until 1981. He was United States Ambassador to China from 1981 to 1985. He then joined the third and final United States-China communiqué as a negotiator where he helped the U.S. reaffirm their ties with the People's Republic of China.
Retirement
After retiring from the U.S. Department of the State, he acted as the director of the Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies. Hummel died on February 6, 2001, in his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland, at the age of 80.
Notes
References
External links
1920 births
2001 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Myanmar
Ambassadors of the United States to Ethiopia
Ambassadors of the United States to Pakistan
Ambassadors of the United States to China
United States Career Ambassadors
People from Chevy Chase, Maryland
Children of American missionaries in China
United States Foreign Service personnel
Assistant Secretaries of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Antioch College alumni
Westtown School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20W.%20Hummel%20Jr. |
A digital handheld refractometer is an instrument for measuring the refractive index of materials.
Principle of operation
Most operate on the same general critical angle principle as a traditional handheld refractometer. The difference is that light from an LED light source is focused on the underside or a prism element. When a liquid sample is applied to the measuring surface of the prism, some of the light is transmitted through the solution and lost, while the remaining light is reflected onto a linear array of photodiodes creating a shadow line. The refractive index is directly related to the position of the shadow line on the photodiodes. Once the position of the shadow line has been automatically determined by the instrument, the internal software will correlate the position to refractive index, or to another unit of measure related to refractive index, and display a digital readout on an LCD or LED scale.
The more elements there are in the photodiode array, the more precise the readings will be, and the easier it will be to obtain readings for emulsions and other difficult-to-read fluids that form fuzzy shadow lines.
Digital handheld refractometers are generally more precise than traditional handheld refractometers, but less precise than most benchtop refractometers. They also may require a slightly larger amount of sample to read from since the sample is not spread thinly against the prism.
The result may be displayed in one of various units of measuremeant: Brix, freezing point, boiling point, concentration, etc. Nearly all digital refractometers feature Automatic Temperature Compensation (for Brix at least)
Most have a metal sample well around the prism, which makes it easier to clean sticky samples, and some instruments offer software to prevent extreme ambient light from interfering with readings (you can also shade the prism area to prevent this as well). Some instruments are available with multiple scales, or the ability to input a special scale using known conversion information.
There are some digital handheld refractometers that are IP65 (IP Code) water-resistant, and thus washable under a running faucet.
See also
Refractometer Types
Traditional handheld refractometer
Abbe refractometer
Inline process refractometer
Refractometers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20handheld%20refractometer |
Alienator is a 1990 science fiction film directed by Fred Olen Ray, produced by Jeffrey C. Hogue, and starring Jan-Michael Vincent.
The film was described by Leonard Maltin and confirmed by Fred Olen Ray to be a "semi-remake" of the 1957 film The Astounding She-Monster. Robert Clarke, who starred in that film, also appears in Alienator.
Plot
Kol, an alien criminal, escapes from a spaceship into the woods of an American suburb. The commander of the spaceship dispatches "the Alienator"—a deadly gynoid, to capture Kol. She relentlessly pursues Kol and a group of teenagers who find him without knowing his past.
Cast
Jan-Michael Vincent as Commander
John Phillip Law as Ward Armstrong
Ross Hagen as Kol
Teagan Clive as Alienator
Dyana Ortelli as Orrie
Jesse Dabson as Benny
Dawn Wildsmith as Caroline
P. J. Soles as Tara
Robert Clarke as Lund
Richard Wiley as Rick
Leo Gordon as Col. Coburn
Robert Quarry as Doc Burnside
Fox Harris as Burt
Hoke Howell as Harley
Jay Richardson as Prison sergeant major
Dan Golden as Electrocuted prisoner
Joseph Pilato as Tech #2
Release
Alienator was originally set for release between May and August in 1989. Prism Entertainment announced in November 1989 to release the film along with Time Troopers in late December. Prism later released the film on February 8, 1990.
On March 19, 2013, the film was released on DVD by Shout! Factory as part of a two-disc "Action-Packed Movie Marathon" set, which contains a total of four films. On June 13, 2017, the film was released on Blu-ray by Scream Factory, featuring a commentary track by director Fred Olen Ray.
Reception
From contemporary reviews, "Lor." of Variety reviewed the AIP video cassette on November 18, 1989. "Lor." declared the film to be a "tongue-in cheek sci-fi thriller geared towards home video fans with a soft spot for the old stars and old-fashioned serials." "Lor." noted the film "suffers from a weak script" that gave Jan-Michael Vincent and John Phillip Law little to do while P.J. Soles is "stuck in a rather goofy costume as an outer space technician".
See also
Cyborgs in fiction
References
Sources
External links
1990 films
1990 action thriller films
1990 independent films
1990s science fiction action films
American independent films
American science fiction action films
American action thriller films
Android (robot) films
Films directed by Fred Olen Ray
1990s English-language films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alienator |
Donnell Woolford (born January 6, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Chicago Bears. He was selected by the Bears in the first round (11th overall) of the 1989 NFL Draft. Woolford played 10 seasons for the Bears from 1989 to 1997, the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1997 to 1998 and Carolina Panthers from 1998-1999. He was a Pro Bowl selection in 1994. Woolford was surpassed by Charles Tillman for the most interceptions by a Bears cornerback, although Donnell achieved the goal 18 games faster than Tillman. Woolford was a graduate of Douglas Byrd High School in Fayetteville, NC and Clemson University.
Early Years
Donnell Woolford was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on January 6, 1966. He attended high school in Fayetteville, North Carolina at Douglas Byrd High School, where he was a three-sport star in football, basketball, and track.
College Years
In 1985, Woolford first arrived at Clemson, where he had been recruited to play running back. Although he and the school initially wanted him to play running back, due to the number of running backs in camp, he decided to try a different position. Cornerback had the fewest number of players, and although he believed it to be the "hardest position to play", Woolford made the switch to cornerback.
Woolford went on to play for the Tigers from 1985 to 1988, where he was a two time All-American, earning second-team honors in 1987, and becoming a consensus All-American in 1988, and a finalist for the Jim Thorpe Award, given annually to the nation's best defensive back. He was a two time First-team All-Acc selection, recording 10 interceptions during his career. He also played punt returner, leading the ACC and finishing third nationally in 1987 with two returns for touchdowns and a 15.5 yard average per return. During his time at Clemson, the Tigers won 3 conference championships (1986, 1987, 1988) and won three bowl games (against Stanford in 1986, Penn State in 1987, and Oklahoma in 1988). Clemson finished ranked in the top 10 nationally in both 1987 and 1988.
He was later voted as one of the Greatest Clemson Tigers of the 20th Century, and inducted into the Clemson Hall of Fame.
Professional career
During the 1989 NFL Draft, Woolford was selected in the first round, 11th overall by the Chicago Bears. He earned Pro Bowl honors in 1994 and was a three time All Madden Team Member during his career. At one point, he had the record for most interceptions by a Chicago Bear with 32 total interceptions. This was surpassed in 2013 by Charles Tillman. Woolford started every game for Chicago from 1989-1996, before being traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers, where he recorded 4 more interceptions, for a career total of 36. He retired from the NFL after suffering a career ending knee injury.
Life After Professional Football
Upon retirement, Woolford returned to Fayetteville where he helped coach high school football. He later coached at East Lincoln High School in Denver, North Carolina. He was co-owner of the Fayetteville Ruff Riders football team from 2004-2005 He was Clemson's legend representative at the 2014 ACC Championship Game. He was a graduate assistant coach with the Clemson national championship team in 2016, and was inducted into the South Carolina Hall of Fame in 2017. Woolford is now associated with an auto warranty service, and also serves as president of the Donnell Woolford Foundation, assisting the Boys & Girls Clubs of America, and the Jimmy Raye Clinic coaching local youth.
He donated land for the building of World Faith Ministries in Hope Mills, North Carolina, and continues to work in community activism as a board member on several non-profit organizations.
References
1966 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football cornerbacks
Chicago Bears players
Clemson Tigers football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Baltimore
Pittsburgh Steelers players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donnell%20Woolford |
WMEC may refer to:
USCG Medium Endurance Cutter, one of two classes of US Coast Guard vessel
WMEC (TV), a television station (channel 36, virtual 22) licensed to serve Macomb, Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMEC |
The West Central Illinois Educational Telecommunications Corporation was incorporated on February 9, 1976. Its membership was a consortium of Educational Institutions in West-Central Illinois. Bradley University in Peoria, Western Illinois University in Macomb, Blackhawk Community College in Moline, and Sangamon State University in Springfield.
Its mission was "to establish an educational television network, provide educational content, create local and public affairs programming to serve the residents and businesses of west-central Illinois". Bylaws for the corporation were approved on January 13, 1984.
The brand name Convocom was adopted in 1978 for the corporation and its offices were established on West Bradley Avenue in Peoria.
History
Educational television in Illinois
After World War II, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign hosted the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB). NAEB was created to establish broadcast allocations of AM and FM radio and TV channels for non-commercial educational programming. The Rockefeller Foundation funded two-week seminars in 1949 (Allerton I) and 1950 (Allerton II); these seminars consisted of 22 educational broadcasters from across the United States. The meetings established the foundation for National Public Radio (NPR) and the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). The NAEB was based in Urbana, Illinois, from 1951 until 1961, when it moved to Washington, D.C.
The University of Illinois applied for a television license soon after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted its freeze on new licenses (July 1, 1952). Educational television was a new concept at the time, and most of Illinois' commercial broadcasters opposed the prospect of the University of Illinois owning a television station. A bill that would have forced the University to withdraw its application for the television license was narrowly defeated in the Illinois legislature. Afterward, the Illinois Broadcasters Association (ILBA) funded a taxpayer's lawsuit filed by Evanston restaurant owner Stephen Turkovich, that claimed financial support for the station violated provisions of the state's 1955 Finance Act and the Illinois Constitution did not allow the University of Illinois to operate a television station.
The case went all the way to the Illinois Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of the University of Illinois' application for the television license. Because of this, educational broadcasting in downstate Illinois was delayed for fifteen years, while other states proceeded with development.
Establishing an educational consortium
In 1970, the west-central region of Illinois was one of the few areas in the United States without a PBS station. Commercial broadcast television networks and their local affiliates in the west-central Illinois region provided some educational programming for children in the 1950s and 1960s, but this content disappeared by 1970. Parts of the region were served from WILL-TV in Urbana, WTVP in Peoria, and Iowa Public Television outlet KIIN-TV in Iowa City. Cable television systems in north-central Illinois and Macomb carried Iowa Public Television or Peoria's WTVP, while WILL-TV was piped in by cable systems in Springfield. When WTVP signed on from Peoria in 1971, Quincy, the second-largest city in west-central Illinois, was one of the few portions of the nation without access to public television.
A number of meetings were held with civic organizations, businesses, elected public representatives, and private and public educational institutions from 1970 to 1976. The outcome of these discussions was the establishment of the West Central Illinois Educational Telecommunications Corporation, incorporated on February 9, 1976. It was a consortium of Bradley University in Peoria, Western Illinois University in Macomb, Blackhawk Community College in Moline, and Sangamon State University in Springfield. Its mission was "to establish an educational television network, provide educational content, create local and public affairs programming to serve the residents and businesses of west-central Illinois". Bylaws for the corporation were approved on January 13, 1984.
The brand name Convocom was adopted in 1978 for the corporation and its offices were established on West Bradley Avenue in Peoria. George Hall was appointed as the first president that same year. He had previously served as general manager for North Carolina State University's educational television station.
Initial engineering design and FCC application filings were performed in 1977 and 1978 by Gary Breed and Don Markley of D.L. Markley and Associates, in Peoria, a well-known broadcast engineering consulting firm. Breed was a faculty member of Bradley University's Engineering department and Markley, president and owner of the firm, grew up in Ipava, Illinois.
The original television network design for Convocom would encompass five broadcast transmitters. Peoria's WTVP would be the flagship station, with WQPT-TV in Moline, WIUM-TV in Macomb, WQEC in Quincy, and WJPT in Jacksonville (serving Springfield) as satellites. The master control would be located at Convocom headquarters in Peoria, at or near the flagship station of the proposed network WTVP, with three microwave interconnections (links) in the Quad Cities, Macomb–Quincy, and Jacksonville–Springfield.
The D. L. Markley design was a balance of engineering, economics, and the service region of the education institution members in the largely rural west-central Illinois region. Larger urban areas in the region were considered crucial for ongoing community support and sufficient financial support (grants, fundraising) to cover operational costs of the non-commercial educational network.
West Central Illinois Educational TV Network (Convocom) was presented to regional representatives, educational institutions, major businesses, civic and community organizations in 1977 and 1978:
Notes:
1. WJPT planned to use the WJJY-TV tower at Bluffs, Illinois. That tower collapsed on March 26, 1978, in an ice storm. A new tower site west of Waverly was selected and began broadcasting August 11, 1984.
2. WQEC was added to the original design in 1979 since the new WJPT tower at 800 to 1,000 feet (eventually located in Waverly) would not provide coverage to the Quincy and Hannibal market.
Convocom
The first new Convocom station, WJPT in Jacksonville, planned to sign on in 1979 using a tower near Bluffs, Illinois, that had previously been used by ABC affiliate WJJY-TV. The station was intended to serve both Quincy and Springfield. However, the tower collapsed in a massive ice storm early on the morning of March 26, 1978. Constructing a replacement tower at the Bluffs site by April 1979 would require $1 million, well beyond Convocom's original budget. Due to changes in the anticipated regional coverage from that location, Convocom sought and received a license for a fourth station, WQEC, to serve the Quincy/Hannibal market. In the summer of 1978, it also began surveying a replacement tower site for WJPT.
Since the 1960s, Western Illinois University (WIU) had been surveying tower sites for a planned educational television station and relocation of the university's FM station, WIUM, a guyed radio tower erected in 1956. The tower was located next to Sallee Hall in the middle of the university's rapidly expanding campus. In 1976, after examining a number of sites south of Macomb, WIU selected a tower site on land bequeathed to the university by Jack Horn, regional Coca-Cola bottler. Then, in 1977, WIU and Convocom agreed to co-locate the television station, WIUM-TV, and supporting microwave relay network on this same tower. Construction of a new tower was completed in 1980 and WIUM's transmitters were relocated to the site in 1981. Two microwave relay towers were constructed in 1983 between Peoria and Quincy at Cuba, Illinois, and Carthage, Illinois, for master control, PBS program feeds, local program feeds, and TV studios at WIU in Macomb and at WGEM-TV in Quincy.
By 1983, a site west of Waverly was selected as the site for an tower for WJPT. However, for reasons that remain unknown, the FCC only licensed WJPT for 34 kilowatts of broadcast power at that specific location. As a result, WJPT only had a fringe (grade B) signal in Springfield, leaving it all but unviewable in the capital except on cable. A site east of Quincy owned by Blackhawk of Quincy, Inc. was selected for a new tower for WQEC. Convocom had to raise $5.5 million to complete construction of these planned and unplanned replacement facilities.
George Hall resigned as President of Convocom in 1982 to serve as Virginia's Director of Telecommunications under Governor Chuck Robb. The consortium appointed Dr. Jerold Gruebel as the Executive Director of Convocom in April 1983. Dr. Grubel had previously served as the assistant director of Indiana Higher Education Telecommunications System (IHETS)—a statewide network of video, voice, and data networks connecting all 77 of Indiana's colleges and universities with headquarters in Indianapolis.
WQPT in Moline signed on November 2, 1983, to serve the Quad Cities metropolitan area, east-central Iowa, and north-western Illinois through a translator (channel 48) in Sterling, Illinois. WQPT, owned and operated by Black Hawk College, elected to develop its own brand identity for the Quad Cities market and never joined the Convocom microwave network and control facilities in Peoria as originally envisioned in the 1970s design. Western Illinois University-Quad Cities assumed ownership of WQPT in 2010 and began a series of capital improvements. On June 30, 2014, the master control for WQPT was migrated and centralized at WTVP in Peoria, as envisioned in the original 1970s D.L. Markley & Associates design.
WJPT in Jacksonville signed on August 11, 1984, to serve the western portion of the Champaign–Springfield–Decatur market and south-central Illinois. This gave the central Illinois region the distinction of being served by two separately programmed PBS stations since WILL-TV in Urbana continued to serve as the PBS outlet for the eastern half of the market. Springfield is assigned to the Champaign–Springfield–Decatur market by Nielsen Designated Market Area (DMA) and the FCC Television Market Area (TMA) since the 1950s.
WIUM-TV in Macomb signed on October 1, 1984, as the primary station serving Macomb, WIU, and west-central Illinois.
WQEC in Quincy signed on March 9, 1985, serving Hannibal and Quincy, western Illinois, northeastern Missouri, and southeastern Iowa.
WTVP in Peoria, owned by the Illinois Valley Public Telecommunications Corporation (IVPT), signed on June 27, 1971, serving the Galesburg, Peoria, and Bloomington television markets. IVPT elected to keep its brand identity, board ownership structure, and broadcast operations in Peoria. Like WQPT, the station never elected to join the three newly built Convocom broadcast facilities in Macomb, Quincy, and Jacksonville outlined in the Markley plan.
Springfield Public TV Opportunity
After World War II, frequency channels (VHF and UHF) were being assigned by FCC Engineering staff for television stations. Unfortunately, local television was non-existent in Springfield before July 1953.
In October 1948 the Freeze of 1948 occurred, with channel 2 (VHF) moved from Springfield to St. Louis. Channel 8 (VHF) was eventually moved from Peoria to Moline by 1963. Springfield was assigned channel 52 (UHF) for future educational television.
Springfield community never created a local educational television station in the 1950s or 1960s, but instead relied upon WILL-TV, Urbana, IL for educational programming.
Smaller network and change in mission
Over the next ten years, regional, political, and consortium membership change led to revisions in financial support and a different mission statement. Convocom's service region in 1985 was smaller than the original 1970s D.L. Markley & Associates design. In 1989, Dr. Jerold Gruebel argued that Convocom offices in Springfield would permit access to Illinois legislators as well as the Illinois Board of Higher Education to further a new mission statement for Convocom: "To collaborate with people and enterprises in the communities we serve to bring quality programs, learning opportunities, and economic development to our region."
Over the next 6 years (1989-1995) Dr. Gruber began a realignment of Convocom and its original vision.
1. Relocate offices from Peoria to Springfield, to pursue state lobbying (IL Board Higher Education).
2. Reduce higher education institution participation.
3. Create a new marketing and branding program (Network Knowledge).
4. Change FCC call signs of broadcast facilities to match: WIUM-TV became WMEC and WJPT became WSEC.
On July 1, 1995, Governor Jim Edgar signed a bill which realigned the public higher educational structure in Illinois. The Board of Regents and Board of Governors were abolished. Sangamon State University was merged with the University of Illinois system as the University of Illinois Springfield.
Western Illinois University was expanded to a dual campus, single university structure with the creation of a new Western Illinois University-Quad Cities campus. This dual-campus for WIU as a public-private partnership was modeled after University of Illinois and Southern Illinois University multi-campus structures.
John Deere, the Moline Foundation, IBM, and the Rock Island County Board provided land grants, facilities support, and resources for this new WIU riverfront campus in Moline. Before 1995, the Quad Cities was the largest metropolitan region in the U.S. without a public four-year university.
New Broadcast Architecture
In 1997, Convocom purchased 30 acres of land southeast of Colchester, near Fandon, for a new tower. The WMEC transmitter was moved to this new tower. This transmitter relocation ended WIU's co-location support for WMEC at the WIUM-FM tower location (1983–1997) on WIU's Horn Campus, south of Macomb.
In 1998, in order to address reception problems in Springfield from WSEC at Waverly, a 1,400-watt translator was built in the city, originally broadcasting on channel 65 as W65BV. Previously, Springfield viewers could only get an acceptable signal via cable and satellite. This translator was moved to VHF channel 8 in 2001 and became W08DP.
On July 21, 2000, Convocom filed with the FCC a request for a Waiver of Section 73.1125. This waiver request was to relocate the master control and technical and engineering facilities from Peoria to Chatham, southwest of Springfield. This eventual approval by FCC effectively ended the original 1970s design and would have financial consequences in the next decade. WILL-TV in Champaign-Urbana is the recognized primary PBS member for Springfield, with WSEC as a secondary affiliate. The FCC, Nielsen, and PBS continue to recognize Macomb's WMEC as Network Knowledge's flagship station.
In 2013, an experimental collaboration involving joint management and operational cooperation of WTVP with WILL-TV and the University of Illinois worked well enough that the WTVP Board of Directors voted in December 2013 to extend this cooperative agreement for an additional three years. The overall purpose of the agreement is to help both public broadcasting stations operate more cost-effectively in serving eastern and central Illinois.
In July 2008, WQPT, owned by Black Hawk College, an original member of the Convocom consortium, lost financial support when the station was removed from the college's FY2009 fiscal budget.
In May 2010, WQPT was sold to Western Illinois University-Quad Cities (WIU-QC), with the primary objective to return WQPT to its original mission of creating more local and public affairs programming. The station moved from its longtime home on Black Hawk's campus to new studios and offices in Riverfront Hall on the WIU-QC Campus on July 1, 2014. WQPT-TV was added to cable television systems serving Macomb and McDonough County after the WQPT transmitter was relocated to Orion, Illinois, in 2002 and later in 2010 when ownership changed to WIU-QC. The Macomb and McDonough County cable television systems have carried KIIN Iowa Public TV and WTVP in Peoria since 1969.
On June 30, 2014, WQPT centralized its master control at WTVP, in Peoria, as planned by D. L. Markley and Associates in the original Convocom network plan.
The smaller, three station Network Knowledge network relied heavily on corporate and government grant funding, instead of membership support (only six percent of the viewing audience donates to the three stations). In contrast, Friends of Iowa Public Television (Iowa Public Television Foundation Board) was created in 1970 for the development, growth, and support through building a strong statewide membership base. Its 65,000 member households across Iowa and bordering states contributed nearly 90 percent of the out-of-pocket costs for acquiring and producing general audience programming.
References
Television channels and stations established in 1984
Television channels and stations established in 1985
1976 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONVOCOM |
Hartley Brent Price (born December 9, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player who played for four teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the brother of 4-time NBA All-Star, Mark Price.
Early years
Price was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma. His father, Denny served as head coach of the Shawnee High School Wolves. Denny Price was an assistant coach under John MacLeod for the Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team and then moved to the Phoenix Suns in 1974 also as an assistant coach. After coaching at Sam Houston State, Denny opened up a private business in Enid, Oklahoma in 1979, where his sons Brent and Mark played high school ball at Enid High School.
College career
Brent played college basketball at South Carolina for 2 years and later on transferred to Oklahoma for his junior and senior years.
Professional career
Price was drafted in the second round with the 32nd overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft by the Washington Bullets. He played for the Bullets for 3 years and averaged 6.9 points per game and had a 43.6% field goal percentage. On April 19, 1995, he was waived by the Bullets and then re-signed with the team on October 3, 1995. Price scored a career-high 30 points and dished out 13 assists in a 116–109 loss to the Michael Jordan-led Chicago Bulls. He signed with the Houston Rockets as a free agent on July 16, 1996. On August 27, 1999, he was traded to the Vancouver Grizzlies as part of a 3-team deal together with Antoine Carr, Michael Dickerson, Othella Harrington and a 1st round draft pick for Steve Francis and Tony Massenburg. On June 27, 2001 he was acquired by the Sacramento Kings with Mike Bibby in exchange for Jason Williams and Nick Anderson.
Personal life
Price lives in Enid, Oklahoma, with his wife and four children.
His older brother, Mark played 12 seasons in the NBA with four teams including the Cleveland Cavaliers and Washington Bullets.
References
External links
NBA stats @ basketballreference.com
1968 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Oklahoma
Enid High School alumni
Houston Rockets players
Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball players
Point guards
Sacramento Kings players
South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Enid, Oklahoma
Sportspeople from Shawnee, Oklahoma
Vancouver Grizzlies players
Washington Bullets draft picks
Washington Bullets players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent%20Price |
In applied mathematics, comparison functions are several classes of continuous functions, which are used in stability theory to characterize the stability properties of control systems as Lyapunov stability, uniform asymptotic stability etc. 1 + 1 equals 2, which can be used in comparison functions.
Let be a space of continuous functions acting from to . The most important classes of comparison functions are:
Functions of class are also called positive-definite functions.
One of the most important properties of comparison functions is given by Sontag’s -Lemma, named after Eduardo Sontag. It says that for each and any there exist :
Many further useful properties of comparison functions can be found in.
Comparison functions are primarily used to obtain quantitative restatements of stability properties as Lyapunov stability, uniform asymptotic stability, etc. These restatements are often more useful than the qualitative definitions of stability properties given in language.
As an example, consider an ordinary differential equation
where is locally Lipschitz. Then:
() is globally stable if and only if there is a so that for any initial condition and for any it holds that
() is globally asymptotically stable if and only if there is a so that for any initial condition and for any it holds that
The comparison-functions formalism is widely used in input-to-state stability theory.
References
Types of functions
Stability theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20function |
An Abbe refractometer is a bench-top device for the high-precision measurement of an index of refraction.
Details
Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), working for Carl Zeiss AG in Jena, Germany in the late 19th century, was the first to develop a laboratory refractometer. These first instruments had built-in thermometers and required circulating water to control instrument and fluid temperatures. They also had adjustments for eliminating the effects of dispersion and analog scales from which the readings were taken.
In the Abbe refractometer the liquid sample is sandwiched into a thin layer between an illuminating prism and a refracting prism. The refracting prism is made of a glass with a high refractive index (e.g., 1.75) and the refractometer is designed to be used with samples having a refractive index smaller than that of the refracting prism. A light source is projected through the illuminating prism, the bottom surface of which is ground (i.e., roughened like a ground-glass joint), so each point on this surface can be thought of as generating light rays traveling in all directions. A detector placed on the back side of the refracting prism would show a light and a dark region.
Over a century after Abbe's work, the usefulness and precision of refractometers has improved, although their principle of operation has changed very little. They are also possibly the easiest device to use for measuring the refractive index of solid samples, such as glass, plastics, and polymer films. Some modern Abbe refractometers use a digital display for measurement, eliminating the need for discerning between small graduations. However, the user still has to adjust the view to get a final reading.
The first truly digital laboratory refractometers began appearing in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and no longer depended on the user's eye to determine the reading. They still required the use of circulating water baths to control instrument and fluid temperature. They did, however, have the ability to electronically compensate for the temperature differences of many fluids where there is a known concentration-to-refractive-index conversion. Most digital laboratory refractometers, while much more accurate and versatile than their analog Abbe counterparts, are incapable of readings on solid samples.
In the late 1990s, Abbe refractometers became available with the capability of measurements at wavelengths other than the standard 589 nanometers. These instruments use special filters to reach the desired wavelength, and can extend measurements well into the near infrared (though a special viewer is required to see the infrared rays). Multi-wavelength Abbe refractometers can be used to easily determine a sample's Abbe number.
The most advanced instruments of today use solid-state Peltier effect devices to heat and cool the instrument and the sample, eliminating the need for an external water bath. The software on most of current instruments offers features such as programmable user-defined scales and a history function that recalls the last several measurements. Several manufacturers offer easily usable controls, with the ability to use from and export readings to a linked computer.
See also
Refractive index
Traditional handheld refractometer
Digital handheld refractometer
Inline process refractometer
Further reading
External links
refractometer after Ernst Abbe by Carl Zeiss made in 1904
improved Abbe refractometer by Carl Zeiss made in 1928
Abbe refractometer theory and operating instructions
Refractometers
German inventions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe%20refractometer |
Edward O'Bradovich (born May 21, 1940) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He was selected by the Chicago Bears in the seventh round (91st pick) of the 1962 NFL Draft. In 2019 he was selected as one of the 100 greatest Bears of All-Time. He attended Proviso East High School in Maywood, Illinois and the University of Illinois.
O'Bradovich has the unusual distinction shared with not a small number of professional athletes who grew up, attended college, and enjoyed a long professional career in the same state. "OB", as he was known throughout his career, grew up in Hillside, IL, attended the University of Illinois and played his entire career for the Bears. Perhaps the singular professional career distinction was when he intercepted a short pass in the 1963 NFL Championship game and rumbled down the field on a key play for a Bears victory. Before joining the Bears, he played in the CFL for the B.C. Lions and the Calgary Stampeders.
He started (year) co-hosting the Suburban Tire Post Game Show after Bears games, alongside the late and great Bear Doug Buffone on WSCR in Chicago and lives in Palatine, IL. In May 2009, O'Bradovich and Buffone left WSCR-AM and joined Chicago Sports Webio. However, in June 2009, the founder of Chicago Sports Webio was charged with operating a Ponzi scheme, and the site was shut down. O'Bradovich and Buffone re-signed with the Score in late August 2009. O'Bradovich began broadcasting Chicago Rush Arena Football League games for Comcast SportsNet and WGN in 2010. Following his retirement, O'Bradovich has closely followed the Bears, giving the Pro Football Hall of Fame induction speeches for both Dan Hampton and Mike Ditka.
O'Bradovich played himself in the television movies Brian's Song, starring James Caan as Brian Piccolo, and Coach of the Year, starring Robert Conrad as former Chicago Bears player Jim Brandon.
Notes and references
1940 births
Living people
American football defensive linemen
American people of Serbian descent
Players of American football from Illinois
Chicago Bears players
Illinois Fighting Illini football players
People from Melrose Park, Illinois
Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois
BC Lions players
Calgary Stampeders players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20O%27Bradovich |
"Never Going Back Again" is a song written by Lindsey Buckingham that was first released by the British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac on their eleventh studio album Rumours (1977). The song was also released as the B-side to the Top Ten single "Don't Stop" in the US and the "You Make Loving Fun" single in the UK. It was also the B-side of "Dreams" in the Netherlands. "Never Going Back Again" has been covered by other artists, including Colin Reid and Matchbox Twenty.
Fleetwood Mac version
Music historian George Case described "Never Going Back Again" as a "gorgeous" song with "bubbly SoCal philosophies about relationships." It is one of several songs on Rumours that Buckingham wrote in the wake of the breakup of his relationship with fellow Fleetwood Mac member Stevie Nicks. Buckingham recalls it being one of the last songs written for the album, after he had started a rebound relationship with another woman. Buckingham regards it as a sweet and naive song and does not consider the lyrics to be very deep. The song reflects a desire not to repeat previous mistakes.
On "Never Going Back Again", Buckingham accompanies himself on acoustic guitar using a Travis picking technique. Buckingham drew further inspiration from session guitarist Ry Cooder. To capture the optimal sound, producer Ken Caillat suggested that Buckingham's acoustic guitar be restrung every 20 minutes. Even though Caillat pitied the guitar tech's job of restringing the acoustic guitar three times an hour for "the entire day", he approved of Buckingham's "magnificent" instrumental passages. When he was overdubbing his vocals, Buckingham realized that he played his acoustic guitar parts in the wrong key, so he recorded the song from scratch the following day.
"Never Going Back Again" is set in a signature at a moderate tempo of 88 beats per minute, in the key of F sharp major. Buckingham's guitar is in drop D tuning with a capo on the fourth fret. Buckingham's voice spans from a C#3 to A#4.
The working title for the song was "Brushes" because it was originally recorded with just Buckingham playing acoustic guitar and fellow band member Mick Fleetwood playing a snare drum using drum brushes. In the song's final release, the snare drum was removed. However, the drums and lead guitar parts that went unused on the original release were restored and included as a bonus track for the DVD-audio release of Rumours. The alternate mix, created by Caillat, was received well by Fleetwood, who encouraged Caillat to place "Brushes" in the running order for the 2004 remaster of Rumours. According to Billboard reviewer Christopher Walsh, these parts represent "a pleasant surprise that adds to the song's emotional punch."
Critical reception and legacy
Rolling Stone critic John Swenson describes "Never Going Back Again" as "the prettiest thing on [Rumours]", noting that the "delightful" vocal "belies the bad-news subject matter." Stylus Magazine critic Patrick McKay regards it as one of the "strongest tracks" on Rumours. While Spin critic Chuck Eddy described "Never Going Back Again" as "an arty trance." Fleetwood Mac biographer Cath Carroll praises "Never Going Back Again" as "a melodically uncluttered song with a simple chorus and a sharp resolve that says everything in a few elegant phrases."
"Never Going Back Again" has appeared on several Fleetwood Mac compilation albums, including 25 Years – The Chain in 1992 and The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac in 2002. The song has also appeared on several live albums. An edited, twelve second shorter version appeared on some later vinyl and CD releases.
Personnel
Lindsey Buckingham – acoustic guitar, vocals
Charts
Certifications
Cover versions
Matchbox Twenty covered "Never Going Back Again" on Legacy: A Tribute to Fleetwood Mac's Rumours. The Matchbox Twenty version is set in a minor key. Billboard Magazine critic Steve Knopper describes this version as "gloomy." Billboard writer Chuck Taylor describes this version as updating the original version's "unassuming demeanor with a subtly aggressive chug-along rock pulse." According to Matchbox Twenty drummer Paul Doucette, the band intended to play around with the song before coming up with their dark interpretation of what Doucette calls "a sad record when you think about it." Doucette felt that the version they came up with "turned out great." Matchbox Twenty lead vocalist Rob Thomas stated that "we took drums from 'Tusk' and put them in there and at the end, turned it into 'The Chain.' We used all minor chords and made it real brooding."
Guitarist Colin Reid covered "Never Going Back Again" on his 2001 album Tilt, with Eddi Reader providing the vocals. AllMusic critic Ronnie D. Lankford Jr. described this version as "lovely," stating that it "offer[s] a fresh take on a perhaps overplayed classic."
The guitar part from "Never Going Back Again" was used (albeit in a lower key than in the Fleetwood Mac version) in a 2014 television commercial for Bank of America.
Danish experimental pop band Slaraffenland covered "Never Going Back Again", inserting free-form jazz figures and changing the instrumentation while keeping the "sunny" sound of the original.
References
External links
Fleetwood Mac songs
1977 songs
Songs written by Lindsey Buckingham
Song recordings produced by Ken Caillat
Song recordings produced by Richard Dashut
Matchbox Twenty songs
Warner Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never%20Going%20Back%20Again |
Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters (CFNA HQ) Whitehorse is a detachment of the Canadian Forces, based approximately south of Whitehorse, Yukon.
Canada's military has operated in the area since the days of the famous volunteer Yukon Field Force, established by the Non-Permanent Active Militia in 1898, to help the North-West Mounted Police maintain law and order during the Gold Rush.
With the creation of the Alaska Highway through the region in 1942, Whitehorse developed into an important regional centre for communication and transportation. However, it was not until 1970 that the newly formed Canadian Forces established a permanent military presence in the area with the formation of the Northern Area Detachment at a base near Whitehorse, as well as another in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, CFNA HQ Yellowknife.
CFNA HQ Whitehorse is frequently used for cadet training in the summer months.
External links
Joint Task Force (North) Detachment Yukon
Canadian Forces bases in Yukon
1970 establishments in Canada
Whitehorse | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Forces%20Northern%20Area%20Headquarters%20Whitehorse |
The Ghosts of Edendale is a 2003 low budget supernatural thriller film written and directed by Stefan Avalos. It is distributed by Warner Brothers. The film was shot in Silver Lake, Los Angeles, California and was shot entirely on video.
Plot
Kevin and Rachel move to Los Angeles to follow their dream – making it in cinema. They can't believe their luck when they find the perfect house on a hill called Edendale – right next door to Hollywood. Here, all the neighbors are in "the business", and they have high hopes for Kevin and Rachel.
But Rachel's dreams soon turn to nightmares. First, there's something hiding in the closet, then, the awful crying in the walls, and now, Kevin is acting strange. Terrified, Rachel thinks she must be going crazy – but could her insanity extend to the hill itself?
As the neighbors eagerly await the completion of Kevin's work, Rachel must convince him to leave this place before the powerful Ghosts of Edendale reach through time to possess his very soul.
Cast
Paula Ficara as Rachel
Stephen Wastell as Kevin
Andrew Kirsanov asd Nolan
Keith Fulton as Julian
Louis Pepe as Alex
Patrick Hasson as Fred
Ethan Grant as Andrew
Nathan Lum as ghost boy
Jay Brown as homeless man
Robert Lane as Edward Habert
Maureen Davis as Rose
Cynthia King as beautiful blonde
Arthur Guzman as cowboy ghost
Conor McCarthy as ghost photographer
Terry A. O'Connell as making fire ghost
Christine Charters as ghost with jewelry box
Michael Kowalski as ghostman
Scott Hale as ghost man
Casey Schatz as ghost man
Marianne Connor as party guest
Amy D'Alio as party guest
Richard Clark as party guest
Anthony Happel as party guest
Stephen J. Croke as party guest
Caitlin McCarthy as party guest
Esther Jantzen as party guest
Christopher Morden as party guest
Joseph Wicen as party guest
Shannon Paapanen as party guest
Production
The Ghosts of Edendale as a film is an interesting retracing of film history in the actual locations it was shot.
The story of Tom Mix, his life and death is an integral part of the story, and also an interesting history lesson in Hollywood Lore.
Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 80% based on reviews from 5 critics, with an average 6.8/10 rating.
See also
List of ghost films
References
External links
American ghost films
American supernatural thriller films
2000s thriller films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ghosts%20of%20Edendale |
The Saudi Payments Network () or mada (, formerly SPAN) is the only and major payment system in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia established by Ministry of Finance under the supervision of Saudi Central Bank. It connects all ATM and Point of Sale (PoS) terminals throughout the country to a central payment switch which in turn re-routes the financial transactions to the card issuer (local bank, Visa, American Express or MasterCard). All banks in Saudi Arabia are required by the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) to issue ATM cards fully compatible with the network. All services are provided to the customer free of charge, regardless of the ATM used, its operator, or the customer's card issuer.
Mada provides its services through over than 17,000 ATM machines and over 225,000 POS terminals in the Kingdom. In cooperation with global payment systems such as Visa, MasterCard, and Maestro, mada allows access to millions of ATMs and POS terminals worldwide.
The network has recently been upgraded to SPAN2 which is compliant with EMV standards and implements a higher capacity infrastructure and therefore less processing time, especially at POS terminals, resolving a major problem of the first generation SPAN system.
Member banks in the network
Al-Rajhi Bank
Al Bilad Bank
Arab National Bank
Bank AlJazira
Emirates International Bank
National Commercial Bank
Riyad Bank
SABB
AlAwal Bank
Banque Saudi Fransi
Saudi Investment Bank
Samba Financial Group
National Bank of Kuwait
Bank Muscat
National Bank of Bahrain
Alinma Bank
Gulf International Bank
See also
Smart card
Visa Inc.
American Express
MasterCard
References
External links
SPAN home page
Banks of Saudi Arabia
Interbank networks
Payment networks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi%20Payments%20Network |
The Denver Young Artists Orchestra Association (DYAO) is one of the leading youth orchestras in the United States today. It was founded in 1977 by Betty Naster and Carl Topilow in Denver, Colorado. The orchestra maintains a close relationship with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra. Membership is by audition and is limited to musicians aged 8 to 23. Concerts take place in several concert halls in the greater Denver Metro Area including Boettcher Concert Hall, Gates Hall at the University of Denver's Newman Center for the Performing Arts, and Macky Auditorium in Boulder. DYAO's current music director is Wes Kenney, who is also director of orchestras at Colorado State University, and conductor of the Fort Collins Symphony Orchestra.
The Denver Young Artists Orchestra includes three ensembles: the original orchestra, known simply as DYAO, and two training ensembles: one Conservatory Orchestra and one String Ensemble. Auditions take place every spring.
DYAO has performed with many prominent soloists over the years, including Wendy Warner, Antonio Pompa-Baldi, and Edgar Meyer. In addition, DYAO has toured internationally several times, to various regions around the world, including Europe and South America. In the summer of 2014, DYAO went on a tour to Italy, France, and Spain.
Many alumni of the DYAO go on to play as professional musicians in well-known orchestras.
External links
Official site
References
American youth orchestras
1977 establishments in Colorado
Musical groups established in 1977
Youth organizations based in Colorado
Music of Denver | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver%20Young%20Artists%20Orchestra |
Inline process refractometers are a type of refractometer designed for the continuous measurement of a fluid flowing through a pipe or inside a tank. First patented by Carl A. Vossberg Jr. US2807976A - Refractometer US2549402A, these refractometers typically consist of a sensor, placed inline with the fluid flow, coupled to a control box. The control box usually provides a digital readout as well as 4-20 mA analog outputs and relay outputs for controlling pumps and valves. Instead of placing the sensor inline of the process, it can be placed in a bypass, attached by a thin tube.
This measurement has been an important element in the process control of the chemical and refining, pulp and paper, food, sugar and pharmaceutical industries for more than a century. For instance, the in-line concentration measurement can be used as a real-time predictive tool for the final concentration. A quick and accurate response is needed to optimize production. Cost reduction is possible by reducing the variation of mean average of the product concentration. The cost saving is related to the value of the component being measured.
A digital inline process refractometer sensor measures the refractive index and the temperature of the processing medium. The measurement is based on the refraction of light in the process medium, i.e. the critical angle of refraction using a light source. The measured refractive index and temperature of the process medium are sent to the control box. It calculates the concentration of the process liquid based on the refractive index and temperature, taking pre-defined process conditions into account. The output is typically a 4 to 20mA DC output or, increasingly, an Ethernet signal proportional to process solution concentration, liquid density, Brix or other scale that has been selected for the instrument.
The inline process refractometer consists of three primary components: the inline sensing head, the electronics console, and the process adapter. The inline sensing head is mounted on the adapter and contains a prism that scans the process solution through a transparent window and outputs a value relative to the refractive index of the solution. The electronics console houses all control circuitry, microprocessors, digital displays and calibration points and conditions the sensing head signal. The process adapter is the mechanical connection between the inline sensing head and the process piping, and is designed specifically to accommodate the pipe size and application.
Inline process refractometers are used primarily in the pulp and paper industry; the food and beverage industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the chemical industry as a means to assure consistency and quality. In the pulp and paper industry, inline process refractometers are used in the energy recovery from black liquor recovery boilers by accurately measuring solids in the black liquor. In the food and beverage industry, inline process refractometers are used to measure dissolved solids, most often as sugar content, measured in degrees Brix. In the pharmaceutical industry they are used to monitor and control concentration levels during supersaturation, a critical process in crystallization. In the chemical industry they are used in Hydrochloric Acid applications, Sulphuric Acid applications, and boiler cleaning chemicals processes.
References
Refractometers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline%20process%20refractometer |
was the second vessel in the heavy cruisers, active in World War II with the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). These were among the largest and most modern cruisers in the Japanese fleet, designed with the intention to form the backbone of a multipurpose long-range strike force. Her sister ships were , and .
Background
The Takao-class ships were approved under the 1927 to 1931 supplementary fiscal year budget, and Atago, like her sister ships, was named after a mountain. In this case, she was named after Mount Atago, located outside Kyoto. Even though Takao was the name ship of the class, Atago was actually finished before Takao.
Design
The Takao-class cruisers were an improved version of the previous design, incorporating technical elements learned with the development of the experimental light cruiser . They had a distinctive profile with a large, raked main smokestack, and a smaller, straight, second smokestack. Intended to address issues with the Myōkō class, the Takao class had thicker armor, dual-purpose main guns which could be used against aircraft, and torpedo launchers moved to the upper deck for greater safety. However, as with its predecessors, the Takao class was also top-heavy.
The Takao class displaced . Atago was long, with a beam of , draft of and was capable of .
Propulsion was by 12 Kampon boilers driving four sets of single-impulse geared turbine engines, with four shafts turning three-bladed propellers. The ship was armored with a side belt, and armored deck, and the bridge was armored with armored plates.
Atagos main battery was ten Type 3 20 cm naval guns, the heaviest armament of any heavy cruiser in the world at the time, mounted in five twin turrets. Her secondary armament included eight Type 10 12 cm dual purpose guns in four twin mounts on each side, and 16 Type 90 torpedoes in four quadruple launchers. She was very deficient in anti-aircraft capability, with only two anti-aircraft guns. Atago was repeatedly modernized and upgraded throughout her career in order to counter the growing threat of air strikes, and in her final configuration was armed with ten 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns (5x2), eight Type 89 dual purpose guns, (4x2), and 16 Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedoes in four quadruple launchers (plus 8 reloads). Anti-aircraft protection included 24 triple-mount and 12 single-mount Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Guns and four 13.2 mm AA machine guns. Atago was also equipped with an aircraft catapult and carried up to three floatplanes for scouting purposes.
Service history
Early operations
Atago was laid down at Kure Naval Arsenal on 28 April 1927, launched on 16 June 1930, and commissioned into the Imperial Japanese Navy on 30 March 1932. Although Takao was the lead ship in the class, Atago was actually completed two months earlier.
All of the Takao class were assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, forming Sentai-4 of the IJN 2nd Fleet, and trained as a unit during the 1930s. On 14 May 1932, the day before he was assassinated, Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi made a tour of inspection of the new cruiser. From 26 to 28 May, Atago hosted Emperor Hirohito on a cruise from Kobe to Etajima and back on the Inland Sea, and the emperor presided over a naval review at Kobe on his return. Atago was commanded by Captain Ibō Takahashi from December 1932 to November 1933, and by Captain Seiichi Itō from April 1936 until he was relieved from 1 December 1936 to 12 July 1937 by Captain Aritomo Gotō.
During this time, issues with their stability and seaworthiness due to the top-heavy design became evident. Takao and Atago were rebuilt, resulting in an improved design: the size of the bridge was reduced, the main mast was relocated aft, and hull bulges were added to improve stability. After rebuilding was completed, Takao and Atago patrolled off the coast of China in 1940 and early 1941. She was commanded by Captain Tomiji Koyanagi from October 1940 to July 1941.
From 11 August 1941, Atago was commanded by Captain Matsuji Ijuin, and on 29 November was made flagship of Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondō's Sentai-4, along with sister ships Maya, Chōkai, and Takao.
Pacific War
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Atago had sortied from Mako Guard District in the Pescadores Islands to provide support for Japanese landings in the invasion of Malaya and in the invasion of the Philippines.
From January to March 1942, Atago was based out of Palau, and was involved in operations to seize the oil-rich Netherlands East Indies, participating in numerous combat operations, including the Battle of the Java Sea. On 2 March, south of Bali, Atago and Takao sank the old destroyer . On 4 March, Atago, Takao and Maya, together with the destroyers and attacked a convoy which had departed Tjilatjap for Fremantle, Australia, and sank the Royal Australian Navy sloop after a 90-minute battle, along with the British tanker Francol, depot ship Anking, and British minesweeper 51. In the same battle, Atago captured the 1030 ton Dutch freighter Duymaer van Twist and 7089 ton freighter Tjisaroea, both of which were later placed into Japanese service. After taking Vice Admiral Kondō on an inspection tour of Japan’s new possessions in the former Netherlands East Indies, Atago returned to Yokosuka Naval District on 17 April 1942, where she was assigned to the unsuccessful pursuit of Admiral William F. Halsey's Task Group 16.2 (TG 16.2) after the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo.
Atago underwent a second modernization program at Yokosuka from 22 April to 21 May 1942 in which her single 12 cm/45 10th Year Type naval guns were replaced with new dual Type 89 dual purpose guns, Atago departed for the Battle of Midway, where she was used to escort the transports ferrying the invasion force. She returned from the battle unscathed.
Guadalcanal campaign
On 11 August 1942, Atago departed Hashirajima together with Sentai-4 with the IJN 2nd Fleet for Truk, from which she was tasked with "Operation Ka", the reinforcement of Guadalcanal from 20 August. During the Battle of the Eastern Solomons (24–25 August), aircraft from the American aircraft carrier shot down two of Aichi E13A1 "Jake" floatplanes from Atago that were engaged in reconnaissance missions, killing all four aircrew members in the two aircraft. Atago also played a very minor role in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands (26–27 October)
In the Second Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (15 November), during a night gun duel with the American battleships and , Atago and Takao hit South Dakota with seventeen rounds and one . The battleship also hit South Dakota with a single round that exploded on her aft No. 3 turret's barbette. South Dakota was damaged, but not sunk. Early in the battle, Atago and Takao each launched eight Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedoes at Washington but they all missed. Atago was damaged slightly as a result of the action, and returned to Kure for repairs on 17 December.
On 25 January 1943, Atago returned to Truk to continue Japanese efforts to hold the Solomon Islands, and eventually to support the evacuation of Guadalcanal. The force consisted of the carriers , and , the battleships and , heavy cruisers Atago, Takao, and , the light cruisers and , and 11 destroyers. The Japanese transports were successful in evacuating 11,700 troops from the island.
Atago remained based out of Truk through July 1943, when she returned to Yokosuka Naval Arsenal for her third modernization and refit, which added two triple-mount Type 96 anti-aircraft guns.
Later battles
On 23 August 1943, Atago returned to Truk with Army reinforcements for Rabaul, and continued making sorties supporting Japanese forces in the Solomon Islands through November.
In response to American carrier aircraft raiding in the Gilbert Islands, Atago sortied with Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's fleet to engage the American carriers. The fleet consisted of the aircraft carriers , Zuikaku and Zuihō, the battleships and , heavy cruisers Myōkō, Haguro, , , , Atago, Takao, Chōkai and , the light cruiser Agano and fifteen destroyers. Despite extensive searches, this force failed to make contact with the American striking force and returned to Truk.
In response to the Allied landings on Bougainville on 1 November 1943, Atago and several other Japanese cruisers were sent to Rabaul to prepare to attack the Allied landing forces. On 5 November, while refueling at Rabaul, the task force was attacked by 97 planes from the carriers and . Atago sustained three near-misses by bombs that killed 22 crewmen, including her skipper Captain Nakaoka who was hit by a bomb splinter while on the bridge. On 15 November, Atago returned to Yokosuka for repairs, during which time a Type 22 surface-search radar set, along with additional Type 96 25 mm anti-aircraft guns were installed.
In January 1944, Atago returned to Truk. On 10 February, the cruiser force was attacked by the American submarine in a night surface attack, but she missed with four torpedoes. Atago was then reassigned to Sentai-4 based in Palau under Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's First Mobile Fleet at Palau from 1 March, and was stationed at Davao in the southern Philippines from 1 April. The cruiser force was unsuccessfully attacked by the submarine on 6 April.
On 13 June, during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, Atago was part of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita’s Mobile Force Vanguard, deployed from Tawi Tawi in an attempt to force the American 5th Fleet into a "decisive battle" off of Saipan. In what came to be called the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot", Japanese aircraft attacking US Task Force 58 off of Saipan suffered overwhelming losses. Atago was undamaged from this battle and arrived at Hashirajima on 24 June for a final refit, at which time a Type 13 air-search radar set was installed, along with further four triple- and 22 single-mount Type 96 AA guns (which brought her total to 60) .
Sinking in the Battle of Leyte Gulf
From July to October 1944, Atago was flagship of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's First Mobile Striking Force, which comprised the major remaining surface force of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The force consisted of five battleships, ten heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and 19 destroyers, and was based at Lingga Roads near Singapore. The force sortied on 22 October in what would be the last major naval engagement of the war, the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Atago served as flagship for what the Allies termed the "Center Force", and was a part of Sentai-4, along with Chōkai, Takao and Maya. The next day two submarines that had been shadowing the force attacked in the Palawan Passage, near an area known as Dangerous Ground. Atago was one of the ships hit. Four torpedoes fired from the submarine , skippered by Commander David H. McClintock, struck the Atago, setting her ablaze. She capsized at 05:53, in just 18 minutes, in about of water at .
Of Atagos crewmen, there were 529 survivors, including Vice Admiral Kurita, but 360 were killed, including Atagos Chief Engineer, Captain (Rear Admiral posthumously) Keizo Domen. CoS Rear Admiral Tomiji Koyanagi, Atagos skipper Rear Admiral Araki, her XO Captain Negishi Minoru, Gunnery Officer LtCdr Nishimura Tomoharu, Navigator Cdr Yokota Hajime, Torpedo Officer LtCdr Ogiwara Manabu, Damage Control Officer Cdr Iwabe Rokuro, Surgeon LtCdr Chino Yu, Paymaster Lt Ikegami Hidetaka, Communications Officer Lt Abo Masanao, and 347 crewmen were rescued by the destroyer ; 171 others were rescued by the destroyer . She was removed from the navy list on 20 December.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
1930 ships
Maritime incidents in October 1944
Second Sino-Japanese War cruisers of Japan
Ships built by Kure Naval Arsenal
Ships sunk by American submarines
Takao-class cruisers
World War II cruisers of Japan
World War II shipwrecks in the Philippine Sea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20cruiser%20Atago |
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.
In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof Ashutosh Sharma is the serving president (2023-present).
History
The Genesis: Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi is an autonomous institution of Dept. Science & Technology, Govt. of India. However, the origins of INSA can be traced back to the founding of National Institute of Sciences in India (NISI) in the year 1935 in Calcutta (now Kolkata). The basic objective was and continues to be to promote, nurture and safeguard the interests of sciences and scientists. The NISI was recognized by the Government of India, as a Premier National Scientific Society. NISI moved to its present premises in Delhi in 1951. A Government of India's decision in 1968 mandated INSA to represent India in all the international science fora. In 1970, NISI was given a new name- Indian National Science Academy (INSA). Its campus at the Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg came into being during 1951 with a major expansion during late 80's-mid 90's. Today the main INSA-building stands out at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg as seven-storied, beautifully shaped Golden Jubilee Building, completed in 1996.
Overview
The Academy consists of Foundation fellows, Fellows (FNA) and Foreign Fellows. Election to the Academy is only by nomination. The objectives of the academy encompass promotion of science in India including its application to national welfare, safeguarding the interests of the scientists, establishing linkages with international bodies to foster collaboration and expressing considered opinion on national issues.
It plays a role in promoting, recognising and rewarding excellence in scientific research. With a view to promoting the pursuit of excellence in the field of 'Science and Technology', the academy has instituted 59 awards, placed in 4 categories, viz International Awards, General Medal & Lecture Awards, Subjectwise Medals/Lectures and Awards for Young Scientists. It also publishes journals, organises scientific discussions and brings out proceedings and monographs.
It is a signatory to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities in 2004
Presidents
The list of presidents of the society.
Publications
The academy publishes three peer-reviewed journals
Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy (formerly Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India)
Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Indian Journal of History of Science
It also publishers a year book, annual reports, INSA News, biographical memoirs, special publications and the proceedings of INSA seminars and symposia.
See also
Indian Academy of Sciences
Indian National Academy of Engineering
National Academy of Sciences, India
References
External links
Indian National Science Academy (INSA)
INSA Journals
National academies
National academies of sciences
Scientific organizations established in 1935
Science and technology in India
Organisations based in Delhi
1935 establishments in India
Members of the International Council for Science
Members of the International Science Council | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20National%20Science%20Academy |
Douglas Walter Plank (born March 4, 1953) is an American former professional football player and coach. He played as a safety for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) and also played one year in the United States Football League (USFL) for the Chicago Blitz. He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes.
Early life
Plank attended Norwin High School in North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, where he played baseball, basketball, and football. His high school baseball batting average of .526 stood as a school record for over thirty years. Following his senior football season, Plank was voted MVP of the WPIAL’s Foothills Conference.
He then played football for The Ohio State University, winning three Big Ten titles and participating in three consecutive Rose Bowls under legendary coach Woody Hayes. Plank played a reserve role at Ohio State starting only five games, playing mostly on special teams. One of those starts came against Northwestern his senior year in Chicago, where he was seen by a Chicago Bear scout.
NFL playing career
In 1975, Plank was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 12th round. He spent his entire eight-year NFL playing career with the Bears. He became an instant starter with the Bears and was the first Bears rookie to lead the team in tackles. Plank was a favorite of Bears defensive coordinator Buddy Ryan for his hard hitting and aggressive style, so that he named his defense the "46 defense" after Plank's jersey number and his central position in the defense.
Plank was considered one of the hardest hitting safeties in the game. That effort took a physical toll, and he retired before the Bears reached their peak in 1985. Plank and Gary Fencik were dubbed "The Hit Men", a fact referenced by Fencik in 1985's The Super Bowl Shuffle.
In 1984, Plank played one season in the USFL for the Chicago Blitz.
After football
After football, Plank became a franchisee of Burger King Corporation. He operated a total of twenty individual restaurants in three states over a twenty-year period.
In 1995, Plank began working as a football analyst and has done work for Fox Sports, the Arizona Cardinals, the Arizona State Sun Devils, the University of Arizona Wildcats, and the Arizona Rattlers. In 1996, a Bears fan "Bearman" became the unofficial mascot of the Bears, and he wore Plank's Number 46 jersey.
Since 2001, Plank has worked as a football color analyst for NFL and NCAA football on national radio broadcasts for Sports USA Media.
He is a licensed realtor in Arizona, a licensed health license salesperson, licensed life insurance salesperson, and real estate investor in Arizona. He currently manages commercial and residential properties in Arizona. He is also an investor for the McRae Group, which improves property through the entitlement process for future development.
In addition, Plank is a seminar speaker, emphasizing the value of hard work, making wise decisions in one's personal life and working with competent partners for success.
Coaching career
In 2001, Plank began his coaching career as a defensive coordinator in the Arena Football League for three seasons under former Dallas quarterback Danny White. In those three seasons, the Arizona Rattlers played in three consecutive Arenabowls.
In 2004, Plank was hired by Arthur Blank to be head coach of the Georgia Force, an arena football team he owned in addition to the Atlanta Falcons. He was named the AFL's Coach of the Year in 2005 and 2007, leading Georgia to the playoffs in every season and in his first year, ArenaBowl XIX in 2005. In Plank's first four years as an AFL head coach, he won more games in that period than any other coach in the history of the AFL.
In 2008, he was a seasonal assistant on the Atlanta Falcons staff. The Falcons played in the wild-card round of the NFL playoffs. In 2009, he served as the assistant defensive backfield coach for the New York Jets under head coach Rex Ryan, the son of Plank's former defensive coordinator, Buddy Ryan. The 2009 Jets defense led the NFL in fewest total yards allowed, fewest points allowed, and fewest TD passes allowed. The Jets played in the AFC championship game versus the Colts.
In 2010, Plank became a football program assistant at Ohio State. The Buckeyes earned a share of the Big 10 title with an 11–1 record and beat Arkansas in the Sugar Bowl.
On August 31, 2011, Plank became head coach of the AFL's Philadelphia Soul. In his first year, the Soul compiled a regular season record of 15–3 after going 6–12 the previous year. The Soul played in ArenaBowl XXV versus the Arizona Rattlers. The Soul established new franchise records in wins, scoring, rushing, and defensive takeaways in 2012.
On September 5, 2012 Plank became head coach of the 4-14 Orlando Predators of the AFL. After losing the first five games of the 2013 season, Orlando rebounded to make the playoffs before losing in the first round and subsequently retiring.
Head coaching record
Arena Football League
References
External links
Coaching page on ArenaFan.com
1953 births
Living people
Players of American football from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
American football safeties
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Chicago Bears players
Georgia Force coaches
Philadelphia Soul coaches
Orlando Predators coaches
Chicago Blitz players
National Football League announcers
College football announcers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20Plank |
Chwee kueh (), also spelt chwee kwee or chwee kweh, is a type of steamed rice cake originating in Teochew cuisine that is served with preserved radish.
History
During the 19th century, many Teochew people moved to Singapore, bringing their culinary expertise with them. Today, chee kueh is a popular breakfast item in Singapore, served in many of its hawker centres and it is commonly associated with Singaporean cuisine.
To make chwee kueh, rice flour and water are mixed together to form a slightly viscous mixture. The mixture is then poured into small saucer-like aluminium cups and steamed, forming a characteristic bowl-like shape when cooked. The rice cakes are almost tasteless on their own, but are topped with diced preserved radish and served with chilli sauce.
See also
Idli
List of steamed foods
Rice cake
Notes
References
Singaporean cuisine
Singaporean rice dishes
Steamed foods
Teochew cuisine
Rice cakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chwee%20kueh |
WTUE (104.7 FM) is a classic rock formatted radio station with studios in Dayton. The station is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. Its transmitter is located in Moraine.
History
Top 40 (1959-1967)
Briefly known as WIFE, WTUE's beginnings was that of WONE-FM simulcasting sister station WONE which had a Top 40 format until 1967.
Country (1969-1974)
In 1969, WONE switched to country. In 1971, the FCC granted permission to boost its power to 50,000 watts and monaural WONE-FM transformed to FM-stereo, and briefly quadraphonic, "the all new W-2" under the programming of Bill Struck, followed by Gregg Mason (Terry Dorsey).
Top 40 (1974-1976)
In 1974, WTUE was "The Super Ten Four!" with morning personality Gregg Mason, Sean McKay in the midday slot, Al Morgan in early afternoons, Bill Lyons in afternoon drive, and Dave Michaels in the evening.
Rock (1976-present)
In 1976, the station switched to the new and innovative album oriented rock (AOR) format under the direction of Dave Michaels as program director. Gregg Mason was moved to sister station WONE. Patty Spitler, who had been the morning host at the University of Dayton's WVUD, (considered "underground rock" at the time) would become "T-105"'s first morning show host. Dave Michaels (Dave Ingersoll) left WTUE and was replaced by Chuck Browning as program director from WWWM in Cleveland. Browning also held a 4-hour midday air shift.
Sean Scott (Sean Scott Sizemore) was the first AOR announcer hired from North Carolina by WTUE to replace Al Morgan in the afternoon drive slot. Scott was also WTUE's first music director. This was the beginning of the transformation from WTUE, the rock station manned by Top-40 announcers, to a station who staffed themselves by hiring graduates of the University of Dayton's radio station, WVUD. Patty Spitler, Bob Clark, Jim Tobin, Dan Pugh (Dan Patrick), Bill Pugh, Dave Luczak, Kevin Crisler (K.C), Mark Zona (Mark Edwards), Sandy Smith and Alan McConnell were all graduates (or at least attended) The University of Dayton and were all part of their radio program. McConnell, whose name was changed to Mike McConnell because Alan Sells was a part time announcer and the station thought one Alan was enough. Alan Sells, who was hired as a part timer while at suburban Stebbins High School in 1974 was given his first full-time slot holding down the evening timeslot in 1976 until his departure for Cincinnati's WSAI-FM in 1979. Sells is now Big Al of Big Al and Charlie at KFRQ in McAllen, Texas.
Early 1979 was a transitional point for WTUE. Patty Spitler left the station. Sue Arenston joined the station from Cincinnati and Sean "The Space Cowboy" Scott was moved to the morning slot. Alan McConnell who came to WTUE as a fill in jock was given the afternoon drive slot. Scott would soon leave WTUE for WMAD in Madison, Wisconsin, to pursue his desire to program his own radio station. After several years in Madison, Sean Scott left Madison and radio. Mike McConnell would soon become the program director at WTUE to replace Chuck Browning who left the airwaves to take a larger management role at 11 South Wilkinson, where the station had been located. McConnell would go on to program WSKS in Hamilton in May 1982 before moving to WLW in Cincinnati a little over a year later. McConnell remained at WLW until 2010 when it was announced he would be moving to Chicago to become a host for WGN. In 2013 McConnell left WGN. In 2014, he returned to WLW where he currently is the morning show host.
Sports personality and University of Dayton graduate Dan Patrick was half of the morning team on WTUE in the late-1970s/early-1980s under his given name, Dan Pugh. Dan was partnered as morning host with several other DJs over the years including Sean Scott, Dave Luczak, Major Dick Hale and Jeff Curry. WTUE was awarded Billboard'''s coveted "Station Of The Year" in the album-oriented rock format for medium-sized markets in 1983 under program director Bill Pugh (Dan Pugh's brother) and again in 1985 under Tom Carroll who served as program director from 1984 to 1997.
From 1986 to 1999, WTUE was home to the highly rated Kerrigan & Christopher morning show. Christopher (Geisen) left the station in 1999 and (Steve) Kerrigan left WTUE's airwaves in 2003. Steve Kerrigan died of multiple myeloma in March 2011. Steve Kerrigan was inducted into the Dayton Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2011. Christopher Geisen was inducted in 2017, and John "B-Man" Beaulieu was inducted in 2013.
WTUE is an affiliate of the syndicated The Bob and Tom Show'' in the mornings and features Dave Alexander middays (10am-3pm) Tony "TNT" Tilford afternoons (3pm-7pm), and Christopher Geisen evenings (7pm-12 mid). Overnights, the station airs recorded DJs from out of the market.
Station ownership has included Group One Broadcasting (Akron), DKM Broadcasting, Summit Communications, Stoner Broadcasting, American Radio Systems, Inc., Jacor Communications and Citicasters Co., a subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia).
HD radio
In March 2007, WTUE began broadcasts in HD Radio by simulcasting its analog audio on its HD1 stream and broadcasting a more album-oriented rock format on its HD2 stream. The station broadcasts using the MP1 service mode.
External links
104.7 WTUE
Greater Cincinnat Radio Guide
References
TUE
Radio stations established in 1959
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
1959 establishments in Ohio
IHeartMedia radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTUE |
, better known by his ring name , is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to Dragon Gate. He is not related to fellow Dragon Gate wrestler and long term ally/rival Masaaki Mochizuki, who debuted much earlier for WAR.
Professional wrestling career
Mexico
After a brief stay in the Michinoku Pro Wrestling dojo, he entered Ultimo Dragon's dojo in Mexico. He debuted in 1998 as a third term student. He and Yasushi Kanda formed a tag team there, and they found success, winning the IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship. They would hold these titles upon their arrival in Toryumon.
Toryumon / Dragon Gate
M2K
He and Kanda debuted in Toryumon as a heel team, causing mayhem in matches and frequently forcing double countouts to disappoint fans and ruin shows. They were invited to join the legendary Crazy Max stable and accepted, but turned on them later that same night. A few months later they were joined by Masaaki Mochizuki, and they dubbed themselves M2K (meaning two Mochizukis and Kanda). They added Darkness Dragon, Chocoball Kobe, and Genki Horiguchi to their ranks over time (Horiguchi replaced Kobe).
On December 15, 2002, he won his first singles title when he topped Kenichiro Arai for the NWA World Welterweight Title, but six days later he was stripped of the belt because he won it due to outside interference. He won it a second time from Arai cleanly on May 27 of the following year, but lost it to Ryo Saito on September 30. He also had two reigns as UWA World Trios Champion, the first time with Kanda and Dragon in July, and the second with Dragon and Masaaki Mochizuki in October.
After Masaaki Mochizuki was kicked out of M2K early in 2002 for trying to reform it, Susumu Mochizuki challenged Masaaki Mochizuki to a match on February 24 for the rights to the Mochizuki surname. Susumu Mochizuki lost, and was forced to rename himself Susumu Yokosuka, after his home town.
Do FIXER
Magnum TOKYO would take over M2K, eventually transforming it into Do FIXER after Yasushi Kanda retired due to neck problems. Like all of his stablemates, he served as a backup dancer for Magnum TOKYO. During this time, Yokosuka formed a long lasting tag team with K-ness (formerly known as Darkness Dragon), and continued to establish himself as a choker. He and K-ness would make it to the finals of the inaugural Rey de Parejas Tournament in 2003, but lost to Dotti Shuji and Brother Yasshi. Also in 2003, he captured the UWA World Trios Championship for a third time that year in May with Genki Horiguchi and Ryo Saito.
Final M2K
Things remained quiet for him until July 7, 2004. After Masaaki Mochizuki was kicked out of Aagan Iisou, he reconciled with him, Second Doi, and Kenichiro Arai, and after K-ness returned from a stint of injury, the five of them would form Final M2K. This caused him to depart from Do FIXER. On September 17, 2004, Yokosuka faced CIMA for CIMA's Open The Dream Gate title, but was unsuccessful in his challenge. 2005 was another quiet but steady year, and he finally began to shake the choke artist stigma. He made it to the finals of that year’s King of Gate Tournament, but he lost to Ryo Saito.
2006 saw him finally emerge as a top line player. On April 23, he usurped Ryo Saito as Open the Dream Gate Champion, and soon after, Mochizuki named him the leader of Final M2K so he could join Magnum TOKYO in his short-lived Renaissance project. However, he did not reach the status of ace, and his title reign became overshadowed by other events in the promotion. He had successful defenses against BxB Hulk, Dragon Kid and Pentagon Black. On November 23, he lost the title to Don Fujii in his fourth defense, and on January 14, 2007, Final M2K was brought to an end after he, Mochizuki, and K-ness lost a match to CIMA, Don Fujii and Matt Sydal of the also-ending Blood Generation.
Typhoon
He would soon join CIMA in his new Typhoon unit, and he reunited with Ryo Saito in it, and they formed the RyoSuka tag team. This tandem brought him success, as he and Saito would win the WAR I-J Heavyweight Tag Team Titles in July and had two reigns as Open the Triangle Gate Champions with CIMA.
In 2008, he and Saito added another title to their list of accolades, winning the Open the Twin Gate Championship from Kenichiro Arai and Taku Iwasa on May 5. They defended it three times before losing to inaugural champions Speed Muscle – Naruki Doi and Masato Yoshino – on September 26. In the interim, Shingo Takagi joined Typhoon, and he was the only member who did not take well to it, creating some dissention. He fought Takagi for his Open the Dream Gate title, but lost. After that, Takagi was booted from Typhoon for trying to banish Yokosuka and for attacking CIMA. The rest of the year remained quiet for him up until the end, when he, Ryo Saito and Dragon Kid lost a Unit Split Survival Three-Way Nine-Man Tag Match against teams from World-1 and Real Hazard.
WARRIORS-5
He continued his team with Saito, and they were given a shot at the Open the Twin Gate titles held by YAMATO and Cyber Kong on February 15, 2009. However, near the end of the match, Saito turned on him, causing him to take the fall, and joined up with Real Hazard. Ryo and the rest of Real Hazard then proceeded to beat him up until Gamma came down to make the save. He began to team with Gamma, and they were given a shot at YAMATO and Kong’s Twin Gate titles on March 1, but with the added stipulation that Gamma would be banished from Dragon Gate if he lost. However, he and Gamma pulled through and won the titles after some assistance from Real Hazard member KAGETORA, and after that, a returning CIMA brought them and KAGETORA into his new stable WARRIORS-5. They would hold the titles until May 5, when they lost them to Ryo Saito and Genki Horiguchi in a Three-Way Match that also included Kenichiro Arai and Yasushi Kanda. On October 25, Yokosuka challenged Naruki Doi for his Open the Dream Gate title. Leading up to the match, Yokosuka used Doi's finisher, the Muscular Bomb, to pin his opponents, and also vowed that he would not be pinned due to the Muscular Bomb. Despite Yokosuka successfully blocking Doi from using the Muscular Bomb and hitting Doi with a Muscular Bomb himself, Doi still pinned Yokosuka with the V9 Clutch to retain the title.
In November, he began to mysteriously associate himself with Real Hazard member Dr. Muscle. The first incident with him came on the 11th: Gamma cost Yokosuka a match against Ryo Saito when he tried to throw protein powder into Saito's eyes and it hit Susumu instead, allowing him to be pinned. After the match, Yokosuka left with Dr. Muscle. On the 14th, Dr. Muscle drew Yokosuka's attention away from a tag match that he and Gamma were in against Naruki Doi and BxB Hulk, causing them to lose. After the match, Yokosuka attacked Hulk with a Jumbo no Kachi! and then left with Dr. Muscle again. Following this, Dr. Muscle began to exhibit moves from Yokosuka's moveset, which continued over the course of the next couple of weeks. On the 23rd, Yokosuka blew off CIMA and Gamma after winning a match, and later on that night, Gamma tried to unmask Dr. Muscle, but the Doctor escaped.
Finally, on December 3, Yokosuka's true colors became known: After he no-showed for a tag team match he had with KAGETORA against Ryo Saito and Genki Horiguchi, causing KAGETORA to lose, Dr. Muscle came out and struck down KAGETORA with a Mugen and Jumbo no Kachi!, then unmasked to reveal himself to be Yokosuka. He joined Saito and Horiguchi in beating down KAGETORA some more before CIMA and Gamma stopped him, and he officially joined Real Hazard and reformed his team with Saito. On December 6, he faced BxB Hulk for his Open the Freedom Gate title, but lost the title match.
Real Hazard
Saito and Yokosuka's reunion was quickly derailed, however, when Ryo suffered a ruptured Achilles tendon on December 15, sidelining him. An unknown new member of Real Hazard was then scheduled to take Saito's place in all of his matches for the remainder of the tour, and five days later, it was revealed to be K-ness. He and Yokosuka reformed their "K-neSuka" team straight away.
On January 10, 2010, Genki Horiguchi announced that Real Hazard would start winning matches through teamwork rather than illegal tactics. He initially started out alone on this mission, but six days later, Yokosuka and K-ness decided to help him in his pursuit of clean fights. However, they all found themselves on the losing end of trios matches, with Horiguchi taking the fall every time, and a divide formed in Real Hazard over the clean fights issue, with them on one side and Yasushi Kanda, Kzy, and Takuya Sugawara - who wanted to win through illegal methods - on the other. On February 10, after KAGETORA accidentally cost Sugawara a shot at becoming the next challenger for the Open the Dream Gate Title, tensions boiled over. Yokosuka and K-ness left Real Hazard, along with Horiguchi. K-neSuka also agreed to stop teaming with Horiguchi, since they all did not like how Horiguchi was losing constantly, and they all felt that that was preventing K-neSuka from getting to the top of the tag team division. On May 13, 2010, Yokosuka and K-ness defeated Cyber Kong and Shingo Takagi to win the Open the Twin Gate Championship. After the longest reign in the title's history, with four successful defenses, Yokosuka and K-ness lost the Open the Twin Gate Championship to Gamma and Naruki Doi on November 23, 2010.
WORLD-1
On December 4 Yokouska and K-ness joined WORLD-1. On April 14, 2011, Yokosuka, BxB Hulk and PAC failed to win the Open the Triangle Gate Championship from Blood Warriors (CIMA, Dragon Kid and Ricochet) and as a result World-1 was forced to disband.
Junction Three
On April 24 former World-1 members Yokosuka, BxB Hulk, PAC and Masato Yoshino agreed to form a new alliance with Masaaki Mochizuki to battle Blood Warriors. On June 8, the new group was named Junction Three in reference to it being a union between the former members of World-1, KAMIKAZE and the Veteran-gun. On December 1, Yokosuka and KAGETORA failed to capture the Open the Twin Gate Championship in a match against the Blood Warriors team of Akira Tozawa and BxB Hulk and as a result were forced to change their ring names to Jimmy Susumu and Jimmy KAGETORA, respectively. On February 9, 2012, Junction Three was forced to disband, after losing a fourteen-man elimination tag team match to Blood Warriors.
Jimmyz
On March 3, Susumu formed the Jimmyz stable with Genki Horiguchi H-A-Gee-Mee, Jimmy Kanda, Ryo "Jimmy" Saito and Jimmy KAGETORA. The following day, Susumu and KAGETORA defeated Akira Tozawa and BxB Hulk to win the Open the Twin Gate Championship. They lost the title to BxB Hulk and "Naoki Tanisaki" on June 10, but regained them on June 17 in a 3-way Elimination tag team match which also included MadoGiwa Windows members K-ness & Kenichiro Arai. They would lose the Twin Gate belts to -akatushi- members Shingo Takagi and YAMATO at the Kobe Pro-Wrestling PPV on July 22, 2012. On May 31, 2014, Susumu defeated T-Hawk in the finals to win the 2014 King of Gate tournament. On February 14, 2016, Susumu would defeat Shingo Takagi to win his second Open the Dream Gate Championship, ending his ten-year drought of holding a singles championship with the promotion. He would drop the title back to Takagi on March 6. On June 19, Susumu and Jimmy Kagetora defeated T-Hawk and Big R Shimizu to win the Open the Twin Gate Championship.
Action Zone Wrestling
Susumu Yokosuka made his Hawaii debut on September 5, 2007 losing to stablemate Dragon Kid. The match was voted AZW Match of the Year for 2007. Susumu returned to AZW on January 7, 2008, where he defeated AZW wrestler Kaniala.
Dragon Gate USA
On Dragon Gate USA's first pay-per-view Enter the Dragon, first aired on September 4, 2009, Yokosuka teamed with CIMA in a losing effort against The Young Bucks. On March 27, 2010, at Mercury Rising, Yokosuka unsuccessfully challenged YAMATO for his Open the Dream Gate title.
Championships and accomplishments
All Japan Pro Wrestling
World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Junior Heavyweight Championship Tournament (2020)
Dragon Gate
I-J Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ryo Saito
Open the Dream Gate Championship (2 times)
Open the Brave Gate Championship (1 time)
Open the Triangle Gate Championship (10 times) – with CIMA and Ryo Saito (2), K-ness. and Masaaki Mochizuki (1), Mr. Kyu Kyu Naoki Tanizaki Toyonaka Dolphin and Ryo "Jimmy" Saito (1), Jimmy Kanda and Mr. Kyu Kyu Naoki Tanizaki Toyonaka Dolphin (1), Genki Horiguchi H.A.Gee.Mee!! and Ryo "Jimmy" Saito (1), Genki Horiguchi H.A.Gee.Mee!! and Jimmy Kagetora (1), Jimmy Kanda and Ryo "Jimmy" Saito (1) and Kzy and Genki Horiguchi (2)
Open the Twin Gate Championship (7 times, current) – with Ryo Saito (1), Gamma (1), K-ness. (1), King Shimizu (1, current) and Jimmy Kagetora (3)
King of Gate (2014)
Summer Adventure Tag League (2014) – with Jimmy Kagetora
Summer Adventure Tag League (2015) – with Jimmy K-ness J.K.S.
Sixth Triple Crown Champion
Sixth Grand Slam Champion
International Wrestling Revolution Group
IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Yasushi Kanda
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 139 of the top 500 wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2012
Pro Wrestling Zero1
NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jimmy Kagetora
Toryumon Japan
NWA World Welterweight Championship (2 times)
UWA World Trios Championship (3 times) – with Yasushi Kanda and Darkness Dragon (1), Masaaki Mochizuki and Darkness Dragon (1) and Genki Horiguchi and Ryo Saito (1)
Footnotes
References
External links
DGUSA Profile
1978 births
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Yokosuka, Kanagawa
World Junior Heavyweight Champions (AJPW)
NWA World Welterweight Champions
UWA World Trios Champions
Open the Dream Gate Champions
Open the Brave Gate Champions
Open the Twin Gate Champions
Open the Triangle Gate Champions
International Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susumu%20Yokosuka |
Alabama's 3rd congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama that elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It is based in east-central Alabama and encompasses Calhoun, Chambers, Cherokee, Clay, Cleburne, Lee, Macon, Randolph, Russell, St. Clair, Talladega, and Tallapoosa counties, and parts of Chilton County. Cities in the district include Phenix City, Talladega, Tuskegee, and Auburn. Prior to the most recent redistricting cycle, the 3rd district had included parts of the state capital city of Montgomery in Montgomery County.
At the federal level, the district is strongly Republican-leaning, though not quite as strongly as some of the other districts in the state. John McCain carried the district in 2008 with 56.21% of the vote while Barack Obama won 43.04% of the vote.
The district is currently represented by Republican Mike Rogers and was once represented by Bob Riley, the former Governor of Alabama.
Election results from statewide races
List of members representing the district
Recent election results
These are the results from the previous ten election cycles in Alabama's 3rd district.
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
See also
Alabama's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts
References
Specific
General
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
External links
CNN coverage of the 2000 election
CNN coverage of the 2002 election
CNN coverage of the 2004 election
CNN coverage of the 2006 election
03
Calhoun County, Alabama
Chambers County, Alabama
Cherokee County, Alabama
Clay County, Alabama
Cleburne County, Alabama
Coosa County, Alabama
Lee County, Alabama
Macon County, Alabama
Montgomery County, Alabama
Randolph County, Alabama
Talladega County, Alabama
Tallapoosa County, Alabama
Russell County, Alabama
Constituencies established in 1823
1823 establishments in Alabama
Constituencies disestablished in 1841
1841 disestablishments in Alabama
Constituencies established in 1843
1843 establishments in Alabama
Constituencies disestablished in 1861
1861 disestablishments in Alabama
Constituencies established in 1868
1868 establishments in Alabama
Constituencies disestablished in 1963
1963 disestablishments in Alabama
Constituencies established in 1965
1965 establishments in Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama%27s%203rd%20congressional%20district |
Epitoky is a process that occurs in many species of polychaete marine worms wherein a sexually immature worm (the atoke) is modified or transformed into a sexually mature worm (the epitoke). Epitokes are pelagic morphs capable of sexual reproduction. Unlike the immature form, which is typically benthic (lives on the bottom), epitokes are specialized for swimming as well as reproducing. The primary benefit to epitoky is increased chances of finding other members of the same species for reproduction.
There are two methods in which epitoky can occur: schizogamy and epigamy.
Schizogamy
Many species go through schizogamy, where the atoke uses asexual reproduction to produce buds from its posterior end. Each bud develops into an epitoke and, once fully formed, will then break off from the atoke and become free-swimming. Many genetically identical epitokes are formed in this way, thus allowing a higher chance of finding a mate of the same species and subsequent passing of genes to the next generation. Atokes may then live through another season to form more epitokes.
Epigamy
Epigamy is another common way to form epitokes. For species that use this method, the atoke undergoes physiological and morphological modifications as it transforms into the epitoke. Typically, male worms undergo a more pronounced transformation from atoke to epitoke. Modifications may include an increase in size of parapodia and the development of paddle-like chaetae for enhanced swimming ability, atrophy of the gut, filling of the body cavity with gametes (eggs or sperm), the development of large eyes, and the musculature may even change to perform swimming movements instead of feeding movements. The majority of species that undergo epigamy are unable to revert to the atoke form and die after reproducing.
Male and female epitokes are produced and swim to the water's surface only at certain times of the year and are often synchronized with moon cycles in a behavior called swarming. Swarming brings individuals of the same species together so that there is an increased rate of fertilization. Some polychaete species have been found to use bioluminescence, presumably to compact and maintain swarms. Both schizogamous and epigamous epitokes are non-feeding individuals that die once gametes have been released into the water.
In the past, epitokes were thought to be a separate group of polychaete marine worms, because epitokes may look very different than atokes. For instance, the atokes of Platynereis dumerilii are yellowish-brown, while the female epitokes are yellow because of the eggs they contain, and the male epitokes are white in the front part due to sperm and red in the hind part due to blood vessels (see pictures).
References
Reproduction in animals
Asexual reproduction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitoky |
Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters (CFNA HQ) Yellowknife is a Canadian Forces unit located in the city of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.
Situated in Evans Building of the city of Yellowknife, it is the headquarters for Joint Task Force North, part of Canadian Joint Operations Command responsible for Canadian Forces operations and administration in Northern Canada and the Arctic.
There are 52 military and civilian personnel from 1 Canadian Rangers Patrol Group headquarters and 314 military and civilian personnel from Joint Task Force North currently stationed in Yellowknife responsible for coordinating military operations across of land in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters Whitehorse has a similar responsibility in Yukon.
As of 2021 the current base Commander is Brigadier-General Pascal Godbout.
History
The Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters Yellowknife was established on 15 May 1970 to assist and maintain Canadian sovereignty north of the 60th parallel and support Canadian Armed Forces operations in the north.
Associated units
CFNA Yellowknife is home to:
Joint Task Force North
1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group
440 Transport Squadron
Yellowknife Company, The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry)
Area Support Unit (North)
Future headquarters expansion
In 2018, Department of National Defence spokesman Andrew McKelvey announced a new building project. Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters Yellowknife will see the construction of a building for some of the technical services elements of the Joint Task Force North Area Support Unit, and the 1st Canadian Rangers Patrol Group.
The overall project is estimated to cost between $50 and $99 million and will include:
offices
an assembly space, which will double as a drill hall
warehouse
garage space
Construction is expected to start in the 2020-2021 time frame, with opening anticipated by 2024.
References
External links
Canadian Forces Northern Area
440 Transport Squadron
Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC)
The Yellowknife Company / Loyal Edmonton Regiment and 1 Field Ambulance Detachment Yellowknife
Canadian Forces bases in the Northwest Territories
Canadian Forces | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Forces%20Northern%20Area%20Headquarters%20Yellowknife |
Brick, A Literary Journal is a biannual literary magazine established in 1977. It publishes literary and creative non-fiction.
History
Brick was established in 1977 in London, Ontario, as a book review section in the literary magazine Applegarth's Folly, itself a product of the publishing house Applegarth Follies. Stan Dragland edited the first issue. Brick soon detached from its parent magazine (which ceased to exist by the second issue of Brick) and Dragland began sharing editorial duties with Jean McKay. The two also operated their own publishing house, Nairn, which became Brick/Nairn in 1979, and eventually Brick Books in 1981.
Brick was taken over by Michael Ondaatje and Linda Spalding in 1985. Though still formatted like a magazine, it began to transform from a book review into a much more general literary magazine, eventually focusing on literary and creative non-fiction with an emphasis on personal essays.
In 1991, Coach House Press published The Brick Reader, a three hundred page volume edited by Ondaatje and Spalding. It features the best of Brick writing, from 1977-1991, including works by Don DeLillo, Kazuo Ishiguro, and Alice Munro.
In Fall 2000, Brick underwent a major shift in design, undertaken by Gord Roberston. Previous issues of Brick were around the size and shape of a conventional magazine (and about sixty pages in length). The redesigned magazine (beginning with Brick 65/66) was square and altogether newly formatted, featuring a new title logo designed by Toronto artist David Bolduc (who actually designed five new title logos for the magazine; Brick cycles through them in an irregular fashion) and expanded to one hundred and seventy pages. Later issues sometimes were as large as two hundred pages. Of the redesign, Cecily Möos, wrote:
I have been invited by the publisher of this now-stout organ to speak on behalf of the entire staff in welcoming you to this, the beginning of a new era for the magazine. The changes you find within and without are a result of a lengthy congress held in the magazine's headquarters concerning its future. (These deliberations were of a nature too technical to be intelligible to our readership, but those who wish to know more may send away for the minutes, collected in a sister publication entitled More Readers, More Money: How?) Suffice it to say the magazine you now hold in your hands is the fruit of these soul-searching talks. It is larger. It is easier on the eye. It has cartoons. Lest our readers in Moncton fear this is a sign of renewed Fenian raids, let me reassure them that it is simply a result of Brick now being dispensed to American readers on their own soil.
In Spring 2011, Brick underwent another redesign undertaken by Mark Byk, albeit a more minor one than before. The magazine's colour palette changed quite drastically; whereas old Bricks'''s were fairly dark, issue 87 and onward have been white. Additionally, the magazine's typography has been completely altered.
In 2013, House of Anansi Press published The New Brick Reader, edited by Tara Quinn. Like its predecessor, The New Brick Reader collects some of the best work to appear in Brick'', including works by Mavis Gallant, Dionne Brand, and Jeffrey Eugenides.
See also
List of literary magazines
References
External links
1977 establishments in Ontario
Biannual magazines published in the United States
English-language magazines
Literary magazines published in Canada
Magazines established in 1977
Magazines published in Toronto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick%20%28magazine%29 |
Michael or Mike Miller may refer to:
Entertainment
Mike Miller (guitarist) (born 1953), American guitarist
Mike S. Miller (born 1971), comic artist and publisher
Mickey Miller, fictional character on the United Kingdom television series EastEnders, commonly known as Mike Miller
Mike Miller, character in the film Air Mail
Mike Miller, fictional character in the TV series The Last Man on Earth
Michael Miller, American film and television director known for National Lampoon's Class Reunion
Mike Miller (singer), member of the band LMNT
Michael Miller, actor, played the role of Monk in the film Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze
Sports
Mike Miller (athlete) (born 1959), American football player and track and field sprinter
Mike Miller (baseball) (born 1989), American baseball player
Mike Miller (basketball, born 1980) (born 1980), American basketball coach and former NBA player
Mike Miller (basketball, born 1964) (born 1964), American basketball coach
Mike Miller (American football coach) (born 1970), American football coach
Mike “Mikie” Miller, American football coach
Mike Miller (golfer) (born 1951), Scottish golfer
Mike Miller (wrestler) (born 1951), American wrestler
Mike Miller (Canadian football) (born 1989), Canadian football defensive back
Michael Miller (footballer) (born 1994), Scottish football player
Other
M. Mike Miller (1929–2017), American politician and travel writer
Michael G. Miller (born c. 1960), member, New York State Assembly
Mike Miller (Florida politician) (born 1968), member, Florida House of Representatives
Michael H. Miller (born c. 1952), admiral in the United States Navy
Michael Horace Miller (1928–2016), Air Commodore RAF in the 1970s and the 15th Commandant Royal Observer Corps
Michael I. Miller (born 1955), American biomedical engineer and neuroscientist
J. Michael Miller (born 1946), Roman Catholic archbishop
Mike W. Miller (born 1951), American politician
Thomas V. Miller Jr. (1942–2021), known as Mike, American politician, president of the Maryland State Senate
See also
Mac Miller
Mike Millar (born 1965), Canadian ice hockey player
Mick Miller (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Miller |
2005 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2005.
Incumbents
President: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas-CMD)
Vice President: Noli de Castro (Independent)
Senate President: Franklin Drilon
House Speaker: Jose de Venecia
Chief Justice:
Hilario Davide (until December 19)
Artemio Panganiban (from December 20)
Philippine Congress: 13th Congress of the Philippines
Events
February
February 14 – Valentine's Day bombings happen in different cities in the country, killing nine and injuring over a hundred people.
March
March 14–15 – A day-long siege, hostage-taking, and jailbreak attempt, staged by three top leaders of Abu Sayyaf Group, commanders Robot, Global, and Kosovo, in a prison in Camp Bagong Diwa, Taguig City ends in an assault by the police, killing more than twenty people, mostly inmates, including the perpetrators.
April
April 18 – Five persons are injured during the clash of two religious organizations, Iglesia ni Cristo and Members Church of God International inside a fastfood chain located in Apalit, Pampanga.
June
June 27 – President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo addresses the country in a television broadcast, admitting speaking to an election official, but denying manipulating election results.
October
October 26 – An explosion occurs inside a gold mine tunnel and a landslide strikes on Mount Diwata in Compostela Valley killing at least 32 people, with five others missing and feared dead.
Holidays
On November 13, 2002, Republic Act No. 9177 declares Eidul Fitr as a regular holiday. The EDSA Revolution Anniversary was proclaimed since 2002 as a special non-working holiday. Note that in the list, holidays in bold are "regular holidays" and those in italics are "nationwide special days".
January 1 – New Year's Day
February 25 – EDSA Revolution Anniversary
March 24 – Maundy Thursday
March 25 – Good Friday
April 9 – Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor)
May 1 – Labor Day
June 12 – Independence Day
August 21 – Ninoy Aquino Day
August 28 – National Heroes Day
November 1 – All Saints Day
November 3 – Eidul Fitr
November 30 – Bonifacio Day
December 25 – Christmas Day
December 30 – Rizal Day
December 31 – Last Day of the Year
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."
Television
September 26 – Lara Quigaman of the Philippines is crowned as Miss International 2005 in the pageant night was held in Koseinenkin Hall, Tokyo, Japan, and she became the fourth Filipina to win the pageant.
Sports
January 30—PBA Commissioner Noli Eala Forfeits Game 1 of the Finals 71-89 While Talk 'n Text Phone Pals Leads 1–0 in Favor of Barangay Ginebra Kings Since Asi Taulava She is Suspended by the League and the Participating of Their Games
March 20 -- Erik Morales Defeats Manny Pacquiao on is 12 Rounds Unanimous Decision Victory in MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada United States
July 10 -- San Miguel Beermen Wins the Fiesta Conference on this 2nd Season and 2nd Conference The Beermen Defeats Talk 'n Text Phone Pals in Game Five for a 4-1 Series Victory
September 11 -- Manny Pacquiao Knockout Hector Velasquez in the 6th Round to Claim the New WBC International Super Featherweight Title While Zhair Raheem Defeats Erik Morales Via Unanimous Decision Victory in the 12 Round Lightweight Super-Fight + Brian Viloria Knockouts Eric Ortiz in the 1st Round to Claim the New WBC Jr. Flyweight Title + Rey Bautista Knockouts Felix Flores in the 3rd Round in Staples Center in Los Angeles, California
November 27–December 5 – Philippines hosts the 2005 SEA Games.
Births
February 15 – AJ Urquia, actor and host of Team Yey!
February 23 – Jillian Ward, actress and commercial model
March 18 – Marc Justine Alvarez, actor
March 25 – Larah Claire Sabroso, actress
May 23 – Alex Eala, tennis player
June 2 – Bea Clark, actress
June 12 – Ryzza Mae Dizon, actress
July 18 – Milkcah Wynne Nacion, actress and vlogger
September 7
Kyle Danielle Ocampo, actress
Mitch Naco, host of Team Yey!
October 9 – Andrei Sison, actor (d. 2023)
September 9 – Mackie Empuerto
November 8 – Sofia Millares, actress and host of Team Yey!
November 11 – Kryshee Grengia, actress
December 12 – Alekhine Nouri, Filipino FIDE Master
December 15 – Sheena Belarmino, singer and dancer
Deaths
January 7 – Orly Punzalan, Filipino radio-TV personality (b. 1935)
February 25 – Francis E. Garchitorena Filipino Sandiganbayan Presiding Judge (b. 1938)
March 17 – Cecille "Dabiana" Iñigo, Filipina film actress and comedian (b. 1952)
March 24 – Marlene Garcia-Esperat, Filipina whistleblower and investigative journalist, murder victim (b. 1959)
March 31 – Justiniano Montano, Filipino politician (b. 1905)
April 11 – Teodoro Borlongan, Filipino Banker (b. 1955)
April 28 – Raymundo Punongbayan, former director of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) (1983–2002) (b. 1937)
May 4:
Luis Taruc, Filipino political figure and insurgent (b. 1913)
Klein Cantoneros, Radio Broadcaster (b. 1973)
May 9 – Ang Kiukok, Filipino painter and a National Artist for Visual Arts (b. 1931)
May 10:
Romy Diaz, Filipino actor (b. 1941)
Leon C. Arcillas, Filipino politician, Mayor of Sta. Rosa, Laguna (b. 1942)
May 11 – Philip Agustin, editor and publisher (b. 1950)
May 27 – Richard Tann, Filipino Singer, Member of Circus Band (b. 1954)
June 3 – Teodoro Benigno, journalist, writer (b. 1923)
June 8 – Luis Santiago, TV director (b. 1977)
June 21 – Jaime Sin, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila (b. 1928)
July 15 – Leonor Orosa-Goquingco, Filipino national artist (b. 1917)
August 5 – Raul Roco, Former senator and Filipino presidential candidate, cancer (b. 1941)
August 10 – Mar Amongo, Filipino comic book artist (b. 1936)
September 4 – Roseli Ocampo-Friedmann, Filipino-American microbiologist and botanist (b. 1937)
September 13 – Haydee Yorac, Filipino public servant, law professor and politician (b. 1941)
September 16 – Verna Gaston, Filipino actress (b. 1950)
October 2 – Juancho Gutierrez, Filipino Actor (b. 1932)
October 27 – Jun Papa, Olympic basketball player (b. 1945)
November 18 – Freddie Quizon, Filipino actor, comedian, production coordinator (b. 1956)
November 19 – Ricardo Uy, Radio Broadcaster (b. 1955)
December 15 – Alfredo Lagmay, Filipino Psychologist (b. 1919)
December 19 – Reynaldo Wycoco, Director of National Bureau of Investigation (b. 1946)
December 25 – Robert Barbers, politician, Heart Attack (b. 1944)
Unknown
Fred Carrillo, Filipino comic book artist. (b. 1926)
References
2005 in Southeast Asia
Philippines
2000s in the Philippines
Years of the 21st century in the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20in%20the%20Philippines |
Ed Lange (1920 - 1995) was a nudist photographer, and a publisher of many nudist pamphlets and magazines showing the nudist lifestyle.
As well as founding the publisher Elysium Growth Press, he was the founder and president of the Elysium Institute in Topanga Canyon, California, and a Vice-President of the International Naturist Federation. His free love ideals placed him in the sexual revolution movement of the 1960s and 1970s. He also was very active in the Western Sunbathing Association and in the first stirrings of the Free Beach movement in the 1960s in California. Lange was originally a fashion photographer who worked for Vogue, Harper's Bazaar and Life magazines as well as a studio photographer at Paramount and Conde Nast in Los Angeles.
A few months before his death, he was named Citizen of the Year by the Topanga Chamber of Commerce.
Books
Family Naturism in Europe: A Nudist Pictorial Classic by Ed Lange
Family Naturism in America: A Nudist Pictorial Classic by Ed Lange
Fun in the Sun: Nudist and Naturist Living by Ed Lange (editor)
"N" Is for Naked (Paperback) by Ed Lange
Nudist Magazines of the 50s & 60s (The Nudist Nostalgia Series, Book 1) by Ed Lange, Stan Sohler. (pbk.: bk. 1)
Nudist Magazines of the 50s & 60s (The Nudist Nostalgia Series, Book 2) by Ed Lange, Stan Sohler. (pbk.: bk. 2)
Nudist Magazines of the 50s & 60s (The Nudist Nostalgia Series, Book 3) by Ed Lange, Stan Sohler. (pbk.: bk. 3)
Nudist Magazines of the 50s & 60s (The Nudist Nostalgia Series, Book 4) by Ed Lange, Stan Sohler. (pbk.: bk. 4)
Nudist Nudes by Ed Lange
Magazines
"Ankh"
"Exposure & Design"
"Nude Lark" (evolved from "Nude Look")
"Nude Look"
"Nude Living"
"Nude Photography"
"Nudism Today"
"Nudist Adventure"
"Nudist Holiday"
"Sundial"
"Sundisk" (evolved from "Sundial")
"Sunrise"
"The Nudist Idea"
"Young and Naked"
See also
The American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR)
Clothes free organizations
List of public outdoor clothes free places
Naturism
Nudism
Nudity in sport
Public nudity
Skinny dipping
References
External links
http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/ed-lange
http://www.paperbackswap.com/Ed-Lange/author/
Social nudity advocates
1920 births
1995 deaths
People from Topanga, California
Activists from California
Photographers from California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Lange%20%28photographer%29 |
"853-5937" is a song by English rock band Squeeze released on the band's 1987 album Babylon and On. Released as the fourth UK single and the second US single from the album, "853-5937" was a moderate chart hit in both nations, reaching number 91 in the UK and climbing to number 32 on the US Hot 100 chart and number 38 on the US Cash Box chart.
Background
"853-5937" was written by Glenn Tilbrook and Chris Difford. The song began life as an answering machine jingle that Tilbrook used, with 853-5937 being Tilbrook's phone number at the time. Despite the song's commercial success, both Tilbrook and Difford have commented on their dislike for the song and have blocked the song from appearing on compilation albums. Difford recalled, "It's a very lame song. I liked it at the time, but you change your mind about how you feel about certain songs."
Music Video
The music video shows many black and white clips, as well as the band performing in what appears to be the inside of a telephone, as they are surrounded by oversized electronics and circuitry. Bassist Keith Wilkinson can be seen playing an Ormston fretless bass.
Track listing
7"
"853-5937" (3:21)
"Tough Love" (3:06)
12"
"853-5937" (3:21)
"Tough Love" (3:06)
"853-5937 (Bonus Buff mix)" (3:26)
7" (North American release)
"853-5937" (3:21)
"Take Me I'm Yours (live)" (4:03)
See also
"867-5309/Jenny"
"634-5789 (Soulsville, U.S.A.)"
References
1987 songs
1988 singles
Squeeze (band) songs
Songs written by Glenn Tilbrook
Songs written by Chris Difford
A&M Records singles
Songs about telephone calls | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/853-5937 |
2003 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2003.
Incumbents
President – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas-CMD)
Vice President – Teofisto Guingona (Lakas-CMD)
Senate President – Franklin Drilon
House Speaker – Jose de Venecia
Chief Justice – Hilario Davide, Jr.
Philippine Congress – 12th Congress of the Philippines
Events
January
January 22–26 – 4th World Meeting of Families is held at the Quirino Grandstand, Luneta Park, Manila.
February
February 13 – The Overseas Absentee Voting Act is passed into law providing a system of voting for overseas Filipinos.
March
March 1 - As a result of the implementation of Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) law or Republic Act 9136 one year and nine months earlier on June 8, 2001, National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR/NPC) took over the operations, maintenance, management, and ownership of the Philippine power grid and its related assets and facilities to another government-owned corporation National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) which officially started TransCo to own, operate, maintain, and manage the grid.
March 2 – A bomb explodes at an airport in Davao City that killed at least 19 people.
March 31 - In the early morning, an ambush took place in Vigan City, killing 4 people. Radio broadcaster and former Ilocos Norte board member Efren Rafanan Sr. survived the ambush, along with his daughter. Rafanan's wife Evelyn, his son Raffy Brian, and his brother Dennis were laid to rest 9 days later, alongside the family's security aide Elgin de Ocampo.
May
May 26 – The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 is passed into law. The Philippines becomes one of the first Asian nations to pass anti-trafficking legislation.
July
July 15 – The Supreme Court, reinstating the Sandiganbayan ruling in 2000 and setting aside its reversal in 2002, orders the forfeiture in favor of the government of ₱36 billion (US$676 million, year-end 2002) in Swiss bank deposits which are declared part of the ill-gotten wealth of the Marcos family, in what would be the single largest recovery of such wealth. The family will file motions for reconsideration in August but would be denied with finality three months later.
July 27 – A group of soldiers calling themselves the Bagong Katipuneros launches a mutiny in Oakwood against then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo citing alleged corruption of Arroyo's administration and claimed that Arroyo was about to declare martial law.
Holidays
On November 13, 2002, Republic Act No. 9177 declares Eidul Fitr as a regular holiday. The EDSA Revolution Anniversary was proclaimed since 2002 as a special non-working holiday. Note that in the list, holidays in bold are "regular holidays" and those in italics are "nationwide special days".
January 1 – New Year's Day
February 25 – EDSA Revolution Anniversary
April 9 – Araw ng Kagitingan (Bataan and Corregidor Day)
April 17 – Maundy Thursday
April 18 – Good Friday
May 1 – Labor Day
June 12 – Independence Day
August 31 – National Heroes Day
November 1 – All Saints Day
November 25 – Eidul Fitr
November 30 – Bonifacio Day
December 25 – Christmas Day
December 30 – Rizal Day
December 31 – Last Day of the Year
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."
Concerts
September 13 – The Event with F4 and Barbie Hsu live at the PhilSports Complex, Pasig
November 16 – Mariah Carey live at the Bonifacio Global City Open Field, Taguig
December 26 – F4 live at the Bonifacio Global City Open Field, Taguig
Television
Sports
July 13 – The Talk 'N Text Phone Pals wins their first-ever PBA title in 13 years, winning four straight over the defending champions Coca Cola Tigers in a 4–2 series victory.
August 23 – Alaska Aces wins their PBA Invitational Championship title with a 2–1 series victory over the Coca-Cola Tigers.
December 14 – After two runner-up finishes in the first two conferences, the Coca Cola Tigers won their 2nd PBA title with a 4–3 series victory over San Miguel Beermen.
December 5–13 – The Philippines participated at the 22nd Southeast Asian Games were held in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Births
February 14 – Zephanie Dimaranan, singer
March 6:
Jehramie Trangia, singer
Shanelle Agustin, actress
March 12 – Andrea Brillantes, actress, model, commercial endorser
March 25 – Yen Quirante, actress
June 1 – Jayda Avanzado, actress and singer
June 20 – Kyle Echarri, actor and singer
August 16 – Harvey Bautista, actor
September 13 – Ashley Del Mundo, actress
October 12 – Kobie Brown, actor
October 13 – Ar Angel Aviles, actress
October 22 – Lie Reposposa, singer, actress and housemate
November 22 – Reign Parani, actress
December 27 – Louise Abuel, actor, commercial model
Deaths
January 8 – Patricia Borromeo, ramp model (b. 1971)
March 23 – Amado Cortez, former actor and diplomat (b. 1928)
March 31 – Eddie Arenas, actor (b. 1935)
April 9 – Rod Navarro, former TV host, actor, and radio commentator (b. 1936)
June 2 – Danny Holmsen, former film director (b. 1930)
June 19 – Rafael Ileto, former Defense secretary (b. 1920)
June 24 – Rene Cayetano, former Senator and father of Senator Pia and Alan Peter Cayetano (b. 1934)
July 2 – Antonio Fortich, Catholic bishop and social activist (b. 1913)
July 4 – Manuel Araneta, Jr., basketball player (b. 1926)
July 6 – Jose C. Abriol, Catholic priest, monsignor, and Bible translator (b. 1918)
July 18 – César Ramírez, former actor and father of Ace Vergel (b. 1929)
July 19:
Oscar Moreno, former actor and father of Boots Anson-Roa (b. 1921)
Vic Vargas, former actor (b. 1939)
July 27 – Emmanuel Pelaez, former Vice-President of the Philippines (b. 1915)
September 10 – Tata Esteban, 48, former film director (b. 1954)
September 26 – Inday Badiday, host and journalist who was known as Philippine television's "queen of showbiz talk shows" and "queen of intrigues" (b. 1944)
October 7 – Julie Fe Navarro, radio talent and showbiz writer (b. 1941)
November 14 – Carding Castro, former singer-comedian and singing comic duo Reycard Duet (b. 1935)
November 16 – Catalino Macaraig, Jr., politician (b. 1927)
November 17 – Betty Chua-Sy, former finance executive for the Coca-Cola Export Corp. (b. 1972)
November 20 – Pedro Yap, former Chief Justice (b. 1918)
December 5 – Fred Montilla, former actor (b. 1919)
December 14 – Blas Ople, former Senator and former Secretary of Department of Foreign Affairs (b. 1927)
December 29 – Miko Sotto, former young actor and son of actress and radio host Ali Sotto (b. 1982)
References
2003 in Southeast Asia
Philippines
2000s in the Philippines
Years of the 21st century in the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20in%20the%20Philippines |
Linda Spalding (née Dickinson; June 25, 1943) is a Canadian writer and editor. Born in Topeka, Kansas, the daughter of Jacob Alan Dickinson and Edith Senner, she lived in Mexico and Hawaii before moving to Toronto, Ontario in 1982.
She has two daughters, Esta and Kristin Spalding, from her first marriage to photographer Philip Spalding. Spalding later married Canadian novelist Michael Ondaatje; Linda, Esta and Michael are also on the editorial board of the national literary magazine, Brick.
Spalding's work has been honoured numerous times; her non-fiction work, The Follow, was shortlisted for the Trillium Book Award and the Writers' Trust Non-Fiction Prize. She has since received the Harbourfront Festival Prize for her contribution to the Canadian literary community and, in 2012, the Governor-General's Literary Award for her novel, The Purchase.
Spalding has worked as a professor of English and writing at the University of Hawaii, York University, the University of Guelph, Brown University (where she was writer-in-residence in 1991), the University of Toronto and Ryerson University. She has also taught creative writing at Humber College's School for Writers. Prior to this, she has worked as a manager for Hawaii Public Television and as the director of a child care services agency in Kailua, Hawaii.
Bibliography
Daughters of Captain Cook (1987)
The Paper Wife (1994)
The Follow / A Dark Place in the Jungle: Following Leakey's Last Angel into Borneo (1999)
Riska (1999)
The Brick Reader - (1999) (edited with Michael Ondaatje)
Lost Classics - (2000, Knopf Canada; ) (edited with Michael Redhill, Esta Spalding and Michael Ondaatje)
Mere - (2001, HarperFlamingo Canada; ) (with Esta Spalding)
Who Named The Knife (2005)
The Purchase (2012)
A Reckoning (2017)
References
1943 births
Living people
Writers from Topeka, Kansas
American expatriate writers in Canada
Writers from Toronto
Harbourfront Festival Prize winners
Canadian women novelists
Governor General's Award-winning fiction writers
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Spalding |
Albert of Stade (c. 1187 – c. 1260) was a German monk, historian and poet.
Albert probably studied in the school of Bremen Cathedral. He joined the Benedictine Order and entered the monastery of Harsefeld near Stade. He rose to become prior and in 1232 was elected abbot. He was opposed both to the lax enforcement of the Benedictine Rule at Harsefeld and to the introduction of the stricter Cistercian observance. For this reason he resigned as abbot in 1240 and joined the Franciscan friary of Saint John in Stade.
In the same year that he became a friar, Albert began writing a Latin world chronicle, the Annales Stadenses or Annals of Stade. It begins at Creation and ends in 1256. The early portions appear to have been based on Bede's Libellus de sex aetatibus mundi and Ekkehard's Chronicon. As he approaches his own time, Albert becomes, like most medieval chroniclers, both fuller and more reliable.
Albert also wrote several theological and literary works while he was a friar. He is credited with Raimundus, a versification of Raymond of Penyafort's Summa de casibus poenitentiae, and with Troilus, a Latin epic about the Trojan War in 5,320 lines.
Albert died between 1256 and 1258/1261, although he has sometimes been credited with the continuations added to his Annals to bring it down to 1265.
Notes
Sources
External links
Works of Albertus Stadensis at the National Digital Library of Portugal
1180s births
1260s deaths
German Benedictines
Benedictine abbots
Chroniclers from the Holy Roman Empire
German Friars Minor
Franciscan scholars
13th-century German Roman Catholic priests
13th-century writers in Latin
13th-century German historians
Medieval Latin poets
German male poets
13th-century German poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20of%20Stade |
Sir Arthur Gordon Rylah, (3 October 190920 September 1974) was an Australian politician and lawyer who served as Deputy Premier of Victoria from 1955 to 1971.
Background
Rylah was born in Kew, Melbourne, the son of Walter Robert Rylah, a solicitor, and Helen Isabel Webb. He was educated at Trinity Grammar and the University of Melbourne, where he entered residence at Trinity College in 1928 reading Arts. He graduated with a law degree in 1932. On 10 September 1937 Rylah married Ann Flora Froude Flashman, a veterinarian, with whom he had two children.
In 1940 he was appointed major in the Australian Imperial Force, serving in the Northern Territory, New Guinea and New Britain. He was mentioned in despatches.
Politics
After being demobilised in January 1946, he returned to practising law, and joined the newly formed Liberal Party. On 17 December 1949 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Kew, a safe conservative seat in Melbourne's eastern suburbs. The sitting member, Wilfrid Kent Hughes, had moved up to federal politics. Rylah would hold this seat without serious difficulty until he resigned in March 1971.
Rylah's political colleagues quickly recognised his talents, and in 1953 he was appointed deputy leader of the party under party leader Henry Bolte, a post he would hold for 18 years.
Following the Victorian election of 1955, the Liberal Party gained office. Accordingly, on 7 June 1955, Rylah was appointed Deputy Premier and Chief Secretary of Victoria, as well as Government Leader in the Legislative Assembly.
Described as a "human dynamo", Rylah had great capacity for work. During his time as Chief Secretary he oversaw the consolidation of all Victoria's statutes (1958), introduced legal off-course betting (1960) using the New Zealand Totalisator Agency Board (TAB) as a model, allowed cinemas to open on Sundays (1964), did away with six o'clock closing of hotels, thereby permitting alcohol to be served till 10pm (1965), allowed sport to be played on Sundays (1967), and sponsored legislation for the compulsory wearing of seat-belts for motorists (1970) and to provide for random breath-testing of drivers (1971). As attorney general he also approved Australia's last execution with the execution of Ronald Ryan in 1967.
In something of a contrast to this dynamism, Rylah's attitudes regarding morality and censorship were seen by many to be reactionary and repressive. His remark in 1964 that he would not allow his 'teenage daughter' to read Mary McCarthy's novel The Group became notorious. When it was pointed out to him that he did not have a teenage daughter (his sole daughter was fully adult), he replied that he could always imagine one. He zealously took on the role of public censor, banning everything from James Joyce's Ulysses to Rudyard Kipling's Barrack-Room Ballads ("No, I haven't read it, but with a title like that it must be dirty"). He was also responsible for prohibiting performances of the play The Boys in the Band (which he condemned as obscene) and for the covering of public statues of Michelangelo's David.
He separated from his wife Ann in 1968, and on 15 March 1969 she was found dead in her garden. An autopsy determined that she had died of a stroke and the state coroner, in an unusual move which generated considerable controversy at the time, allowed her remains to be cremated without an inquest into her sudden death. Within seven months Rylah married Norma Alison ('Ruth') Reiner, née French, a divorcee 17 years his junior. Reiner had four children to three fathers: Ace Phillips, David and Sam Reiner, and Michael Clark. Clark's existence was a family secret until after Reiner's death, when he was contacted by David Reiner.
In the late 1960s Dr Bertram Wainer began a campaign to reform Victoria's anti-abortion laws, claiming they promoted misery, graft and corruption. Rylah refused to deal with him. Both Rylah and Bolte were reluctant to antagonise the Catholic-dominated Democratic Labor Party, on whose support the government relied, but came under increasing pressure from the media and the Liberal Party's State council to review the matter. In January 1970 William Kaye, QC, was appointed by the government to inquire into Wainer's allegations. His report that year led to the prosecution and gaoling of a number of police officers. The East Kew branch of the Liberal Party showed its dissatisfaction with Rylah's handling of the abortion controversy by challenging (unsuccessfully) his endorsement for the next election.
In February 1971 Rylah announced that he would resign from parliament in the following month. However he collapsed at his desk on 5 March and spent the next four months in hospital. He was succeeded as member for Kew and deputy premier by future premier Dick Hamer. He retired to his rural property, pursued his interest in horse-racing, and became a director of several companies. He died on 20 September 1974 in hospital in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy, survived by his second wife, and by the children of his first marriage. Rylah had a state funeral.
Honours
Arthur Rylah was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1965 New Year Honours list. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1968. He is commemorated in the name of the Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research.
Sir Arthur Rylah Oval in Kew, Victoria was named in his honour, and plays hosts to sporting matches from local school, Xavier College (Burke Hall Campus).
References
1909 births
1974 deaths
People educated at Trinity Grammar School, Kew
People educated at Trinity College (University of Melbourne)
Politicians from Melbourne
Melbourne Law School alumni
Deputy Premiers of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Ministers for Health (Victoria)
Chief Secretaries of Victoria
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Attorneys-General of Victoria
20th-century Australian politicians
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian Army officers
People from Kew, Victoria
Ministers for Education (Victoria) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Rylah |
WGTE may refer to:
WGTE-TV, a television station (channel 30 analog/29 digital) licensed to Toledo, Ohio, United States
WGTE-FM, a radio station (91.3 FM) licensed to Toledo, Ohio, United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGTE |
The Inkerman Sugar Mill is located in Home Hill, Queensland on the banks of the Burdekin River. The mill was designed and built by the Scottish engineer J Pickering under the instruction of John Drysdale, using machinery manufactured by Geo Fletcher and Company of Derby, England. It was completed in 1914 and began crushing the following year.
From March 2010, it is operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia Pty Ltd. Before that it was operated by CSR Limited.
See also
List of sugar mills in Queensland
List of tramways in Queensland
References
Buildings and structures in North Queensland
Food and drink companies established in 1914
Sugar mills in Queensland
Australian companies established in 1914
Home Hill, Queensland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkerman%20Sugar%20Mill |
2000 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2000.
Incumbents
President: Joseph Estrada (PMP)
Vice President: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas)
Senate President:
Blas Ople (until July 12)
Franklin Drilon (July 12 – November 13)
Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (starting November 13)
House Speaker
Manuel Villar (until November 13)
Arnulfo Fuentebella (starting November 13)
Chief Justice: Hilario Davide
Philippine Congress: 11th Congress of the Philippines
Events
January
January 4 – Rape convict Alex Bartolome is executed by lethal injection at the National Penitentiary in Muntinlupa City, the country's seventh and the last execution since the re-imposition of capital punishment in 1994 and before its abolition in 2006.
January 6 – The Parañaque City Regional Trial Court, in its decision dated Jan. 4, convicts Hubert Webb and seven others, two of them in absentia, sentencing them to reclusión perpetua in connection to a family murder case in the city in 1991; sentences also a former policeman, convicted of cover-up, to a lower prison term. The ruling would be upheld by the Court of Appeals, but reversed later by the Supreme Court; co-accused Joey Filart and Artemio Ventura remain at large.
February
February 23–March 7 – Mayon volcano in Albay erupts, with the most violent occurred, February 28 – March 1; its status is raised to the highest, Alert Level 5, on February 24 due to its hazardous explosions with pyroclastic and lahar flows that affected parts of the province, with several thousands evacuated even outside identified danger zones.
February 25–27 – Series of bombings occur in Mindanao, prior to Pres. Estrada's six-day visit to the island, targeting buses and a radio station. Incidents are blamed on the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which had broken talks from the president.
February 25 – In what would be the single deadliest bombing incident in the island, an explosion, allegedly by the terrorists, occur inside two passenger buses aboard a ferry boat Our Lady of Mediatrix in Ozamis City, killing at least 45 people and injuring more than 100. Another bus bombing in Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte kills 5, while a bus-bombing attempt was discovered in Cagayan de Oro.
February 27 – Seven people are injured in a bombing of radio station DXMS in Cotabato City.
February 28 – An explosion at the gold-rush site at Mt. Diwalwal in Monkayo, Compostela Valley results in the deaths of 11 miners; more than 40 are hospitalized.
March
March 16 – MILF rebels led by Commander Bravo attack and occupy Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte and later clash with Government troops, with more than 40 rebels, 9 soldiers and 2 civilians die in the fighting until the town is abandoned by the guerrillas and is retaken by the troops on March 18; the incident is one of the attacks occurred in several municipalities in the Lanao provinces.
March 20 – Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) rebels seize more than 50 people in Basilan, including a Roman Catholic priest as well as teachers and students from two schools in Sumisip and Tuburan towns; some of them are held hostage for months.
March 21 – Pres. Estrada, in his visit in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte, declares an all-out war against the MILF in Mindanao following rebel attacks in Lanao provinces as a warning to the separation of an Islamic state; ended July 12.
April
April 8 – Government troops launch an attack on Camp Belal, a MILF camp in Munai, Lanao del Norte, with 16 rebels and a soldier reportedly killed.
April 12:
At least 69 people are killed when an unlicensed, overloaded wooden ferryboat ML Annahada heading for Tawi-Tawi and Malaysia capsized at sea after leaving a port in Jolo, Sulu, with more than a hundred others missing and feared dead.
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) reports that 70 MILF rebels and 23 government troops have died in escalated clashes in some municipalities in Lanao del Norte for the past few days.
April 16 – A grenade explosion on an intersection in Baclaran, Parañaque City kills eight people and hurts 30 others.
April 19 – Air Philippines Flight 541 explodes and crashes into a coconut plantation in Island Garden City of Samal, killing all 131 people on board. It is considered as the country's worst aviation accident in history, with fatality count surpassing those from another plane crash in 1998.
April 22 – Military troops launch an assault against Abu Sayyaf in Camp Abdurajak on Basilan Island, in response to a claim on Apr. 19 that the extremist Muslim rebel group have executed two male teachers, and in an attempt to rescue the hostages who have been held captive for a month; three soldiers and 25 rebels are reportedly killed in the attack; they capture the main rebel camp in the island on April 28.
April 23 – ASG gunmen seized 21 people including 10 tourists and 11 resort workers, two of them Filipinos, from the resort island of Sipadan, Malaysia. Hostages are brought to the Jolo in the southern Philippines; most of them are released later that year except for a Filipino captive who would escape in 2003.
April 27 – Army troops capture a MILF camp in Baloi, Lanao del Norte following a clash that has killed at least 26 guerrillas.
May
May 3:
Four ASG hostages, including a Roman Catholic priest and 3 teachers are killed during an operation which soldiers rescued 15 another hostages. There are also reports that 5 children have been killed by the ASG and a female teacher has been missing; all among the victims who were kidnapped in March.
Twenty-one soldiers and a CAFGU member are killed in an encounter between government troops and the MILF in Matanog, Maguindanao, in what would be the biggest single battle loss suffered by the government during the war.
May 4:
The ILOVEYOU computer virus, originating from the country, is released by a student, spreading quickly throughout the world and damaging around 45 million computers worldwide.
A firefight between secessionist MILF and government soldiers occurs in the Lanao del Sur–Maguindanao provincial boundary, when rebels allegedly occupied a highway; ends with the capture of the MILF–BIAF headquarters on May 7, with 108 rebels and 3 Marine soldiers died within two days.
May 6 – Six persons are killed and 37 others are wounded in separate bus explosions in Surigao and Butuan cities.
May 7 – An Army Special Forces unit in Lantawan, Basilan, searching for ASG hostages taken in March, is ambushed by the bandits, killing 13 of its soldiers.
May 16 – An explosion in Glorietta Mall in Makati injures 13 persons.
May 21 – An explosion and a stampede in SM Megamall in Mandaluyong kills one person and injures at least 11 others.
May 25:
A Philippine Airlines Flight 812 is hijacked by a man, later identified as Augusto Lakandula, just before its landing at Manila. The suspect, who robbed passengers and attempted to jump out of the plane while in Antipolo, is found dead in a forest in Real, Quezon at night.
Philippine peso closes to ₱43.40 per US dollar, the lowest since October 1998.
Late May – At least 33 MILF rebels and three government soldiers die in a clash in Marogong, Lanao del Sur.
June
June 21 – The PBCom Tower, the tallest building in the country upon its completion, opens.
June 27 – Thirteen soldiers are killed when New People's Army (NPA) rebels ambushed a convoy of military medical personnel in Jones, Isabela.
July
July 2 – A Philippine Air Force (PAF) aircraft crashes into the Sulu Sea, off Cagayancillo, Palawan, after experiencing engine failure on its takeoff, killing 11 of the 12 people on board including an Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) official and a provincial governor.
July 9 – AFP captures from the MILF its main camp, Camp Abubakar in Maguindanao, after a week-long military attack, as part of a campaign against Moro insurgency in Mindanao.
July 10 – Hundreds of shanties are buried in a collapse of a dumpsite, destabilized by torrential rains caused by tropical cyclones, in Payatas, Quezon City; 234 people are confirmed killed, as high as 800 are missing and presumed dead.
July 16 – About a hundred armed men, suspected to be MILF rebels, attack a village in Bumbaran, Lanao del Sur, kill 21 Christian residents inside a mosque, and go on a shooting rampage that injures 11 people.
August
August 4 – An attack by heavily armed men on a road in Cotabato occurs; 16 people are killed and 10 others are seriously injured.
August 10 – Maasin, Southern Leyte becomes a city through ratification in a plebiscite of RA 8796 which was approved on July 11.
August 11 – A clash between the government forces and a religious cult locally known as Tadtad in Pangantucan, Bukidnon results in deaths of at least 16 cult members and 4 from the troops.
August 21 – NPA guerillas ambush a group of army soldiers in Himamaylan, Negros Occidental, killing 17 of them.
September
September 8 – Digos becomes a city in the province of Davao del Sur through ratification of Republic Act 8798 which was approved on June 15.
September 10 – San Jose del Monte becomes a city in the province of Bulacan through ratification of Republic Act 8797 which was approved on July 15.
September 18:
Bislig becomes a city in the province of Surigao del Sur through ratification of Republic Act 8804 which was approved on August 16.
Tacurong becomes a city in the province of Sultan Kudarat through ratification of Republic Act 8805 which was approved on August 16.
September 19 – The Sandiganbayan declares that the escrow fund in the Philippine National Bank amounting US$627 million (January 2002), allegedly kept by the Marcos family in Swiss accounts, belongs to the government, forfeiting them to the latter. The decision would be reversed in 2002, but reinstated by the Supreme Court in 2003.
September 30 – Masbate becomes a city in the province of Masbate through ratification of Republic Act 8807 which was approved on August 16.
October
October 4 – Luis Singson exposes Pres. Estrada's alleged links to illegal gambling; followed by a privilege speech of Sen. Teofisto Guingona in Senate.
October 8 – Koronadal becomes a city in the province of South Cotabato through ratification of Republic Act 8803 which was approved on August 16.
October 18 – An impeachment complaint is filed by the opposition groups, with House of Representatives, against Pres. Estrada.
October 20 – A massive power outage affects most parts of Luzon including Metro Manila, caused by system failures in the transmission lines of the National Power Corporation in Pangasinan and Bulacan; electricity was fully restored 16 hours later.
November
November 13 – The House of Representatives votes to impeach Pres. Estrada, with impeachment case filed against him regarding his alleged links to illegal gambling.
December
December 7 – Impeachment trial against Pres. Estrada begins at the Senate; the first for an Asian head of state. Its last day would be on January 16, 2001; trial aborted, Jan. 17.
December 9 – Muñoz, Nueva Ecija becomes a city through ratification in a plebiscite of RA 8977 which was approved on November 7; the first Science City in the country and in Southeast Asia.
December 15 – At least eleven members of the Pulahan sect are killed in a clash with a rival group, the Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association, in San Jose, then part of Surigao del Norte.
December 16 – Sorsogon becomes a city in the province of Sorsogon through ratification of Republic Act 8806 which was approved on August 16.
December 23 – Bayawan becomes a city in the province of Negros Occidental through ratification of Republic Act 8983 which was approved on December 5.
December 25 – At least 45 people died when a bus falls into a ravine after being hit by another bus in Bansalan, Davao del Sur.
December 30:
Multiple simultaneous terrorist bombings in Metro Manila, occurring on Rizal Day, kill 22 people and injure more than 120 others. In 2009, three of those involved in the attacks would be sentenced to life imprisonment.
Balanga, Bataan becomes a city through ratification of RA 8984 which was approved on December 5.
Talisay becomes a city in the province of Cebu through ratification of Republic Act 8979 which was approved on November 22.
Holidays
As per Executive Order No. 292, chapter 7 section 26, the following are regular holidays and special days, approved on July 25, 1987. Note that in the list, holidays in bold are "regular holidays" and those in italics are "nationwide special days".
January 1 – New Year's Day
April 9 – Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor)
April 20 – Maundy Thursday
April 21 – Good Friday
May 1 – Labor Day
June 12 – Independence Day
August 27 – National Heroes Day
November 1 – All Saints Day
November 30 – Bonifacio Day
December 25 – Christmas Day
December 30 – Rizal Day
December 31 – Last Day of the Year
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."
Television
Sports
January 31 – The Welcoat House Paints won the third straight PBL title in the 1999–2000 2nd Yakult-PBL Challenge Cup after beating Ana Water Dispenser in Finals Game 3 58–56.
February 11–13 The Philippines hosting the 2000 Asian Beach Volleyball Championship held from February 11 to 13, 2000 in Pasay, Philippines
June 11 – The Alaska Milkmen won their third PBA All-Filipino crown in the last five years with a 4–1 series victory over Purefoods TJ Hotdogs. The title-conquest was their 10th championship.
June 27 – The Welcoat Paint Masters won their fourth straight title of the Philippine Basketball League after they beaten the Shark Energy Drink at The 2000 PBL Chairman's Cup held at Makati Coliseum
August 6 – The 2000 ABC-PBA All-Star Game is the All-Star game was held on August 6, 2000, at the Philsports Arena in Pasig.
August 24–27 – The Philippines hosts the 2000 FIVB World Grand Prix at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City.
September 12–17 – Dagupan City was hosting the 2000 Asian Junior Women's Volleyball Championship was held in Dagupan City.
September 15–October 1 – The Philippines participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia by sending a delegation of 20 members. But all of the athletes lost in the said event and did not home their medals.
September 15 – The San Miguel Beermen claim their 14th PBA crown by winning against Sta. Lucia Realtors in five games. The Realtors were on their first finals appearance since joining the league in 1993.
November 25 – The San Juan Knights defeated Negros Slashers, 104-91 in Game Six, at the San Juan Gym for their first MBA national title.
December 20 – The San Miguel Beermen retains the PBA Governors Cup title and captured their 15th PBA crown, defeating Purefoods TJ Hotdogs in their finals series, four games to one
Births
February 16 – Carlos Edriel Yulo, gymnast
February 23 – Lexi Gonzales, actress, dancer and singer
February 26 – Alexa Ilacad, actress
March 1 – Nikki Samonte, model and singer
March 2 – Bianca Umali, actress and dancer
March 8 – Thea Astley, singer, actress and host
March 12 – Sabrina Man, actress
March 30 – Sean de Guzman, actor
April 7 – Vincent Magbanua, actor
April 21 – Taki Saito, actress, performer, host
April 23:
Gillian Vicencio, actress
Fana, singer
April 28 – Sela Guia, former member of MNL48
July 15 – Edward Barber, actor
July 20 – Sheki Arzaga member of MNL48
July 22 – Kaori Oinuma, actress
July 28 – Kaitlin De Guzman, artistic gymnast
August 3 – Vivoree Esclito, actress
August 6 - Kira Balinger, actress and singer
August 16 – Elijah Canlas, actor
August 18 - Vyn Kyle, rapper
August 21 – Kate Valdez, actress
September 16 – Therese Malvar, actress
November 28 – Jacob Rica, actor and model
December 12 – Brace Arquiza, actor and model
Deaths
January 22 – Teodoro Locsin Sr., journalist. (b. 1914)
February 6 – Oscar Aldaba, Mayor of San Teodoro, Oriental Mindoro. (aged 50)
February – Max Buan, journalist.
February 22 – Francisco "Kitch" Ortego, Jr., journalist. (aged 66)
March 20 – Ramon Mitra, Jr., Filipino statesman, diplomat, and a pro-democracy activist; House Speaker (1987–1992) (b. 1928)
March 23 – Bing "Mang Temi" Angeles, actor and comedian (b. 1928)
April 8 – Alfredo Alcala, Filipino comic book artist (b. 1925)
April 11 – Salvador Lazo Lazo, Filipino prelate of the Roman Catholic Church (b. 1918)
May 3 – Rhoel Gallardo, C.M.F., Catholic priest (b. 1965)
May 11 – Cipriano Bautista, mayor of Navotas. (b. 1929)
May 15 – Roberto Benedicto, businessman, lawyer and Founder of Philippines Daily Express, BBC, RPN and IBC. (aged 83)
May 28 – Francisco Vestil, Filipino basketball player (b. 1914)
June 11 – Sarah Jane Salazar, Filipino AIDS activist and educator (b. 1975)
July 2:
Salvatore Socrates, Governor of Palawan. (aged 66)
Maj. Gen. Santiago Madrid, Chief of the AFP Western Command. (b. 1945)
August 13 - Juanita L. Nepomuceno, former Governor of Pampanga (b. 1914)
September 7 – Romeo Guanzon, former representative of the lone district of Bacolod City. (aged 79)
September 27 – Pablo Cuneta, Filipino politician, former Mayor of Pasay and father of Sharon Cuneta (b. 1910)
September 29 – Maningning Miclat, Filipino poet and painter (b. 1972)
November 24 – Bubby Dacer, Publicist (b. 1934)
December 4 – Tito Arévalo, Filipino actor and musician (b. 1914)
December 22 – Cezar Lacanilao, vice mayor of Alfonso Castañeda, Nueva Vizcaya.
Deaths unknown
Valeriano Abello (b. 1913)
Jun Aristorenas, Filipino actor, director, dancer, producer and writer (b. 1933)
Further reading
Notes
References
2000 in Southeast Asia
Philippines
2000s in the Philippines
Years of the 20th century in the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20in%20the%20Philippines |
Catherine Bush is a Canadian novelist.
Biography
Born in Toronto and educated at the University of Toronto Schools, she attended Yale University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Comparative Literature.
Her debut novel, Minus Time (1993), was shortlisted for the Books in Canada First Novel Award and the City of Toronto Book Award. It was also published in the U.S. and the U.K.
The Rules of Engagement (HarperCollins, 2000), a national bestseller, was published internationally, shortlisted for the City of Toronto Book Award, and chosen as a New York Times Notable Book and a Best Book of the Year by the Los Angeles Times and The Globe and Mail.
Claire's Head (M&S, 2004) was shortlisted for the Trillium Award and chosen as a Best Book of the Year by The Globe and Mail.
Accusation (Goose Lane, 2013) was one of NOW magazine's Best Ten Books of 2013 and an Amazon.ca Best Book of the Year.
Blaze Island (Goose Lane, 2020) was a Globe & Mail Best Book of the Year and the Hamilton Reads 2021 Pick.
Bush has taught Creative Writing at universities including Concordia and the University of Florida. She is an Associate Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Guelph and was the Coordinator of the University of Guelph Creative Writing MFA, located in Toronto, from 2008-2022.
She has been Writer-in-Residence at McMaster University, the University of New Brunswick, the University of Alberta, and the University of Guelph and a fellow at the MacDowell Colony, Yaddo, and the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown, among others. Most recently she was a Fiction Meets Science Fellow at the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg/Institute of Advanced Study in Delmenhorst, Germany. She has written and spoken internationally about addressing the climate crisis in fiction.
Her nonfiction has appeared in numerous publications including Emergence, Noema, The Globe and Mail, The New York Times Magazine, and Best Canadian Essays.
Bibliography
Minus Time (1993)
The Rules of Engagement (2000)
Claire's Head (2004)
Accusation (2013)
Blaze Island (2020)
References
External links
Catherine Bush's website
1961 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
Novelists from Toronto
Canadian women novelists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Bush |
James Henry Osborne (born September 7, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for the Chicago Bears in the National Football League (NFL). He attended Southern University, and spent his entire 13-year pro career with Bears. Osborne retired in 1984, one year shy of the Bears Super Bowl win. At the time of his retirement he lived in Olympia Fields. He won the Brian Piccolo Award from the Bears organization in 1972.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Sylvania, Georgia
Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)
American football defensive tackles
Southern Jaguars football players
Chicago Bears players
Players of American football from Cook County, Illinois
People from Olympia Fields, Illinois
Brian Piccolo Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Osborne%20%28American%20football%29 |
Adrienne Adeana Young is an American Charlottesville, Virginia-based singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. She is founder and operator of AddieBelle Music which produces her recordings.
History
A native of Tallahassee, Florida, in fact a seventh-generation Floridian, she was raised on the land farmed by her family generations earlier. Young grew up in a musical family in Clearwater, where she was a member of the band Big White Undies.
She was graduated magna cum laude from Belmont University in Nashville with a music business/Spanish degree. Endless and unfulfilling clerical jobs along Music Row motivated this triple-threat singer, writer, and multi-instrumentalist to start her own record label, Addiebelle Music. She also formed the short-lived band Liters of Pop with Eric McConnell.
She learned to play clawhammer-style banjo from Ketch Secor of Old Crow Medicine Show, and set about amassing a catalog of old-time tunes. As she says:
Young began gaining attention with her 2003 win in the Chris Austin songwriting contest at MerleFest for "Sadie's Song". Co-written with Mark D. Sanders, the song is a re-telling of the murderous bluegrass standard "Little Sadie" told from the victim's point of view.
Recordings
"Little Sadie" featured prominently on her first CD, Plow to the End of the Row, produced with another Nashville-based musician, Will Kimbrough, and released on her own AddieBelle record label. (The label takes its name from a nickname Young was given while working as a tour guide at Nashville's Belle Meade Mansion.) The CD, which includes a packet of wildflower seeds along with artwork based on the Farmers' Almanac, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album Package.
An early version of Plow to the End of the Row, released in 2003, has become a sought-after collectible. That version included several tracks with Young backed by Old Crow Medicine Show and was a top pick for 2003 Debut Artist by the Freeform American Roots DJ Chart. The nationally-released version, featuring different sequencing, new tracks, and re-recorded versions of several songs, was released on April 13, 2004, one day before an interview with Young aired on NPR's All Things Considered. The Americana Music Association included Young and her band in their nominees for Emerging Artist of the Year, and the Nashville Scene named "Home Remedy" as Best Country Single of the year. The CD went on to place at or near the top of numerous "best of" lists for the year and the Los Angeles Times called Young "the Americana music find of the year."
Young and her band Little Sadie (at the time, Tyler Grant on guitar, Clayton Campbell on fiddle and mandolin, Amanda Kowalski on bass, and Steven Sandifer on percussion) toured extensively across the U.S. and in England. The members of the band left to pursue other projects prior to the recording of Young's second CD, The Art of Virtue.
That disc, released on June 28, 2005, took its theme from Benjamin Franklin's Thirteen Virtues. A copy of Franklin's pamphlet is included with the CD. Will Kimbrough co-produced the CD and co-wrote several tracks. Alongside original songs and traditional tunes, the disc featured a cover of the Grateful Dead song "Brokedown Palace". Young's AddieBelle label struck a distribution deal with Ryko Records which insured that her music got placed in more record stores. She also continued to receive support from public radio and was invited to appear on World Cafe, Mountain Stage, and A Prairie Home Companion. With a new incarnation of Little Sadie (fiddler and banjoist Eric Merrill, guitarist Hans Holzen, bassist Kyle Kegerreis, and percussionist Eric Platz), Young toured even more extensively in 2005.
The Art of Virtue placed third in Amazon.com's list of the best folk recordings of the year. Young was invited to sing in Philadelphia on January 17, 2006, as part of Benjamin Franklin's 300th birthday celebration.
In May 2006, Young took her band to Levon Helm's studio in Woodstock, New York to record tracks for a third album, titled Room to Grow, which was released May 22, 2007.
Social and environmental action
Young's second CD, The Art of Virtue released in 2005, took its theme from Benjamin Franklin's Thirteen Virtues and included copy of Franklin's pamphlet inside. The title track addressed issues that Young found herself pondering after the 2004 re-election of George W. Bush, specifically how the Republican Party had leveraged the theme of morality as a campaign tool. As she said at the time:
Since 2004 Young has been a spokeswoman for the FoodRoutes Network, which aims to aid organizations in rebuilding local, community-based food systems. Young used the release of the CD The Art of Virtue to call attention to her involvement with the FoodRoutes Network, a non-profit organization that promotes sustainable agriculture and connects consumers with local farmers who are willing to sell direct. Room to Grow furthers her involvement in this movement with lyrics and songs directly addressing the issue.
This wasn't the first time she mixed her farm action fever with artistic output: Plow to the End of the Row, her 2004 debut CD, came with a packet of seeds enclosed (and was nominated for the packaging design Grammy).
Young advocates locally-grown and sustainable agriculture. A portion of each record sold of Room to Grow goes to the Save A Seed fund, which she created with nonprofit organizations the FoodRoutes Network and the American Community Gardening Association. The money will provide non-genetically modified seeds to community gardens across North America.
Young has toured with help from the organization Buy Fresh Buy Local and each of the 49 FoodRoutes chapters. Along with her performances, each tour stop offered sustainable living workshops with local sponsors in each community. "Preserving cultural genetics and agricultural heritage is the key to true security and self-reliance", she says.
Young says her music has influenced her activism because she feels at peace in nature and wants to communicate those feelings through her music.
As of 2010, Adrienne Young has hosted and organized the Backyard Revolution, a group of people sharing and demonstrating unique skills of the past and present to help educate people in self sustainability. The Backyard Revolution was present at Floyd Fest 9 (2010) and the Heritage Harvest Festival at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Demonstrations included: Backyard dairy cow (cow included), hide tanning and bow drill fire-making, home fermentation, historic log cabin construction, arrow fletching, soap making, primitive cooking, edible and medicinal wild plants, and more. See www.backyardrevolution.com for more information.
Sound and style
Her music, created with various incarnations of her band Little Sadie, blends elements of Bluegrass, country, old-time music, and American folk music with a pop sensibility.
. . tightly crafted songs that, like the feel of her home and the flow of her conversation, infuse her love for American tradition with high contemporary energy. Young's vocals mirror weariness and hope on 'Natural Bridge,' cross intimate valleys and climb the emotional peaks of 'Room Enough To Grow,' simmer on the stone-country burner "High Flyin’ Dream", yearn to go wherever the current takes her on 'River and a Dirt Road.'
Awards and distinctions
Plow to the End of the Row, her 2004 CD, came with a packet of seeds enclosed and was nominated for the packaging design Grammy
An early version of the disc, released on a limited basis in 2003, featured several tracks that were ultimately dropped or re-recorded for the national release in 2004. That first configuration included backing from the old-time music band Old Crow Medicine Show
The Plow to the End of the Row version originally released in 2003, was a top pick for 2003 Debut Artist by the Freeform American Roots DJ Chart
That version has become a sought-after collectible
The 2004 Just Plain Folks Music Awards named Plow to the End of the Row Roots Album of the Year, and the track "I Cannot Justify" Best Roots Songs of the Year
The Americana Music Association included Young and her band in their nominees for Emerging Artist of the Year
The Nashville Scene named "Home Remedy" as Best Country Single of the year.
The CD went on to place at or near the top of numerous "best of" lists for the year.
The Los Angeles Times called Young "the Americana music find of the year"
She won 2003 Chris Austin songwriting contest at MerleFest for "Sadie's Song"
The Art of Virtue placed third in Amazon.com's list of the best folk recordings of the year.
She was invited to sing in Philadelphia on January 17, 2006, as part of Benjamin Franklin's 300th birthday celebration.
Room to Grow made The Nashville Scene Top Five Albums From Singer-Songwriters December 20, 2007.
Discography
Albums
Singles
"Just Like Christmas" with Tim O'Brien (2004) AddieBelle (promo CD and download only) —
Music videos
Articles, reviews, interviews
review of Room to Grow August/September 2007 Dirty Linen.
"Adrienne Young's Activism Keeps Her In Tune" by Eric R. Danton, Courant Rock Critic, August 17, 2007 Hartford Courant.
"Adrienne Young: Planting the Earth, Growing Herself" by Elizabeth Blair, broadcast July 9, 2007 on All Things Considered NPR.
"Adrienne Young's 'Plow to the End of the Row': Singer and Banjo Player Breathes New Life into an Old Form" by Melissa Block, broadcast April 14, 2004 on All Things Considered NPR.
References
External links
Official website Adrienne Young
YouTube Adrienne Young videos.
FoodRoutes Network
Adrienne Young at NPR Music
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women composers
21st-century American composers
American women singer-songwriters
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
American bluegrass musicians
American folk musicians
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Tallahassee, Florida
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Singer-songwriters from Florida
Belmont University alumni
21st-century American women singers
Country musicians from Tennessee
Country musicians from Florida
21st-century women composers
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne%20Young |
Seta is a bristle in plants and animals.
Seta may also refer to:
Places
Šėta, a town in Lithuania
Seta District, Gunma, in Japan
Seta River or Yodo River
Sète, a town in France
Other uses
Seta (organization), a Finnish LGBTI rights organization
SETA (contractor), civilian employees of government contractors
SETA Corporation, a Japanese computer game developer
Search for Extraterrestrial Artifacts (SETA), a project in Xenoarchaeology
Sōjirō Seta, a character in Rurouni Kenshin media
Noriyasu Seta, a character in Love Hina media
Sector Education and Training Authority in South Africa
SETA, a Turkish-language abbreviation for Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research, a Turkish think tank
For , traditional Japanese footwear, see zori.
See also
Ceta (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seta%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Otemae University () is a liberal arts oriented school that began in 1946. Located in the Kansai region of Japan, the university has a campus in Osaka and a co-educational branch in Nishinomiya. A third campus for freshman students previously existed in Itami, but it was disbanded and subsequently demolished in 2021.
The university boasts research institutes specializing in history and intercultural studies. Notably, the Nishinomiya campus includes a traditional Japanese teahouse.
Study abroad programs are offered by the school to Canada, China, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
References
External links
Official Site
Private universities and colleges in Japan
Universities and colleges in Hyōgo Prefecture
Otemae University
Nishinomiya | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otemae%20University |
Mario Plutarco Marín Torres (born June 28, 1954) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as governor of the state of Puebla.
Personal life and education
Marín was born to Crecencio Marín and Blandina Torres in Nativitas Cuautempan, near Ixcaquixtla, Puebla. He has ten siblings. He holds a bachelor's degree in law from the Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. He is married to Margarita García, with whom he has four children: Mario, Fernando, Luis, and Carlos.
Political career
Marín is an active member of the PRI since 1972; he has occupied various positions in the public service in Puebla. He has been a professor of law at different universities in Puebla and has served as a judge and notary public in his native state. Marín has also served as municipal president of the city of Puebla.
In 2004 he ran for the governorship of Puebla as the PRI candidate; he won the elections held in November 2004 and took office on February 1, 2005. Prior to the controversy that exploded around him in February 2006, he was widely believed to be entertaining presidential ambitions with a view to the 2012 elections. His term ended on January 31, 2011.
Controversy
On February 14, 2006, several telephone conversations between Kamel Nacif Borge and Mario Marín were revealed by the Mexico City daily La Jornada, causing a media frenzy. In these profanity-laden and misogynistic conversations, Nacif and Marín — whom the textile magnate referred to as mi góber precioso, loosely translated as "my gorgeous governor" or "my precious governor", and described as "my hero" — were exposed discussing jailing journalist Lydia Cacho, after she accused Nacif of pedophilia in her book los Demonios del Éden. Soon after, many sectors of the public took up the call for Marín's resignation, who they too began to call "el precioso Marín" and "mi góber precioso".
In response to the controversy, the Puebla governor went on national television, saying that the voice in the taped conversations was not his, adding that though he knew Kamel Nacif, he considered him a persona non grata. He later confessed that it was his voice and that he had held these conversations with Nacif, but claimed the recordings were used out of context.
On March 13, 2006 Lydia Cacho sued Mario Marín in a federal court for bribery, influence trafficking, conspiracy to rape and abuse of authority.
On January 25, 2007, the justices of the Supreme Court voted unanimously to look into the unusual circumstances surrounding Cacho's arrest by Puebla law enforcement officials in December 2005. Specifically, a three-judge committee will determine if Marín abused his authority by manipulating channels to facilitate Cacho's arrest at the behest of clothing magnate Kamel Nacif. On 29 November 2007 the Supreme Court ruled that Marín had no case to answer in the affair.
On February 3, 2021, Marín was arrested in Acapulco and charged with torturing Cacho. He was transferred to Cancun.
External links
"The Journalist, the King, and the Guv" (El Universal)
"The Puebla case" CityMayors
References
1954 births
Living people
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Municipal presidents in Puebla
Governors of Puebla
Politicians from Puebla
21st-century Mexican politicians
Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Mar%C3%ADn%20%28politician%29 |
Twelve Stones (twelve מצבות (matzevot) or standing stones) was a common form of marking a spectacular religious event in the days of Kingdom of Judah before the time of King Josiah (). The stones were specifically placed in a circle at Gilgal where the heads of each tribe stood at the meeting that the Twelve Tribes had with Joshua as their leader immediately following the crossing of the Jordan River into the land of Israel ()). This was practiced for a limited period of time in the northern Kingdom of Israel.
Similarly, the prophet Elijah used twelve stones to build an altar (). The stones were from a broken altar that had been built on Mount Carmel before the First Temple was erected. Upon the completion of the Temple, offerings on other altars became forbidden. What was unique with Elijah's altar was that God would ignite the offering with fire (or lightning) from heaven. The timing of this display made it the most spectacular religious event since the Exodus from Egypt. Hence, use of a Twelve-Stone monument became a form of marking a spectacular event. King Josiah abolished the practice because some people attached religious significance to the stones themselves, resembling idolatry.
See also
Priestly breastplate – a jewelled breastplate symbolizing the Twelve Tribes of Israel
References
Hebrew Bible objects
Sacred rocks
Tribes of Israel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve%20Stones |
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a historic research facility headquartered on Locust Street in Center City Philadelphia. It is a repository for millions of historic items ranging across rare books, scholarly monographs, family chronicles, maps, press reports and varied ephemera, reaching back almost 300 years, and accessible on the society’s website.
Mission
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a historical society founded in 1824. Membership was regulated by the statutory of the association. Article IV of the statute states that, "the members of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania shall be deemed qualified voters at the meetings and elections, who have subscribed to the Constitution, and who have paid all their dues to the Society".
The society houses some 600,000 printed items and over 19 million manuscript and graphic items. The Society maintains printed collections on Pennsylvania and regional history and manuscript collections covering 17th, 18th, and 19th century history. The holdings of the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies were added in 2002 and those of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania in 2006.
The society has recently undertaken efforts to appeal to a younger demographic, including having open bar events.
Building
The society's building on the southwest corner of 13th and Locust Streets was formerly the site of the Patterson Mansion. General Robert Patterson, a general of the Mexican-American and Civil Wars, purchased the mansion from John Hare Powel, the founder of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society. After Patterson’s death in 1881, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania purchased the mansion as its permanent home. The mansion was demolished between 1905 and 1909 and the main block of a new fireproof building, again designed by Addison Hutton, was constructed on site. The totally fireproof building was dedicated in 1910. The building is listed on Philadelphia's Register of Historical Places.
Collections
The Society’s collections include a number of different types of materials:
Books and pamphlets: ranging from limited-edition and out-of-print volumes to current reference works and scholarly monographs. The Society’s pre-1820 imprints are housed next door at The Library Company of Philadelphia.
Serials and newspapers: spanning almost 300 years, in either original format or microfilm copy.
Manuscripts: materials such as letters, diaries, account books, deeds, minutes, and scrapbooks. Manuscript collections include personal papers created by individuals and families, and records created by organizations and businesses.
Graphics: prints, watercolors, and other works of art on paper, architectural drawings, photographs, broadsides, maps, posters, and other images.
Printed ephemera: such as event programs, brochures, invitations, advertisements, trade cards, certificates, and menus.
Microforms: microfilm and microfiche reproductions of newspapers, genealogical resources, manuscript collections, and other materials.
To help researchers find the materials they need, all of these resources are available through the "Online Catalogs and Research Tools" of the society's web site.
Publications
The society publishes Sidelights, a semi-annual newsletter, Pennsylvania Legacies, a semi-annual illustrated history magazine, and the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, a quarterly scholarly journal published since 1877.
In popular culture
In May 2016, a play by Ain Gordon, 217 Boxes of Dr. Henry Anonymous – based on Gordon's research as an "embedded artist" at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, where Dr. John E. Fryer's papers are archived – premiered at the Painted Bride Art Center in Philadelphia. The play explores Fryer and the circumstances around his disguised appearance at the American Psychiatric Association's 1972 convention in Dallas as "Dr. Henry Anonymous" in a debate called "Psychiatry: Friend or Foe to the Homosexual?" in a successful attempt to have homosexuality removed from the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, where it was listed as a mental disease. The play uses monologues by three people who knew him: Alfred A. Gross, the New York-based head of the George W. Henry Foundation, a social charity which helped homosexual men who had gotten into trouble with the law; Katherine Luder, Fryer's long-time secretary; and Fryer's father, Ercel Ray Fryer.
References
External links
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Official site
1824 establishments in Pennsylvania
Center City, Philadelphia
History of Pennsylvania
Historical societies in Pennsylvania
Libraries in Philadelphia
Library buildings completed in 1910
Locust Street (Philadelphia)
Organizations based in Philadelphia
Museums in Philadelphia
Research libraries in the United States
Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia
Special collections libraries in the United States
State historical societies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20Society%20of%20Pennsylvania |
The Final Cut may refer to:
The Final Cut (album), a 1983 album by Pink Floyd
"The Final Cut" (song), a 1983 song by Pink Floyd
The Final Cut (1983 film), a video EP by Pink Floyd
The Final Cut (band), an industrial music group
The Final Cut (1995 film), a film starring Sam Elliott
The Final Cut (2004 film), a film by Omar Naim starring Robin Williams
The Final Cut (TV serial), a part of the BBC House of Cards trilogy
"The Final Cut" (Buffy comic), a comic book story based on the Buffy the Vampire Slayer television series
The Final Cut (Judge Dredd novel), a novel by Matt Smith
See also
Final Cut (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Final%20Cut |
KCFX (101.1 FM, "101 The Fox") is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to the suburb of Harrisonville, Missouri, it serves the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. The station is currently owned by Cumulus Media. The station's studios are located in Overland Park, Kansas, and the transmitter is in Kansas City’s East Side.
History
Playing country and MOR since its inception in 1974, the original call sign was KIEE until changing to KCFX on December 21, 1983. The new album rock format coincided with a signal improvement to 100 kW. In 1985, KCFX developed the current "Fox" format in 1985, becoming one of the first classic rock stations in the country. On September 8, 1990, KCFX swapped frequencies with KMZU in Carrollton, jumping from 100.7 MHz to 101.1 in order to provide a stronger signal to cover the Kansas City area. They played a blend of artists from the late 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. In recent years they have started playing some hits from the 1990s by artists like Bruce Springsteen and Scorpions, as well as Collective Soul, Stone Temple Pilots, and Metallica, among others. This comes after years of billing themselves as only playing 1970s rock with some 1960s and 1980s. As the years wore on, they added more 1980s. The station carried The Bob & Tom Show from March 13, 2006 to February 9, 2007 as its morning drive program. A new local morning show featuring former KYYS voices Larry Moffit and Frankie (formerly middays) replaced that show. On January 11, 2008, longtime rival rocker KYYS changed formats (and call letters to KBLV), prompting KCFX to change its slogan to "Kansas City's Only Classic Rock Station."
In October 2008, Cumulus Media had massive layoffs to its stations across the country. Among those released were KCFX morning team Moffit and Frankie. In March 2009, Slacker, longtime heritage Classic Rock DJ from Kansas City, was installed as the KCFX morning show weekdays from 5am to 9am. Program Director Chris Hoffman took over at middays from 9am to 2pm, and longtime heritage Classic Rock DJ Skid Roadie aired on the drive home evenings from 2pm to 7pm. In 2013, Dan McClintock replaced Chris Hoffman as Program Director. In 2020, Dave Hill became the program director.
In May 2021, longtime afternoon host Skid Roadie retired.
Beginning with the 1990 NFL season, KCFX was the longtime flagship station for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League, one of the first broadcast agreements where an NFL team associated with an FM station rather than a traditional AM radio station. On December 5, 2019, it was announced that Entercom's WDAF-FM (106.5) would become the new flagship of the Chiefs radio network with the start of the 2020 season, ending KCFX's 30-year association with the team. The last game broadcast by KCFX was the team's victory in Super Bowl LIV.
KCFX-HD2
On March 18, 2010, KCFX-HD2 signed on with mainstream rock as "103.7 The Dam" (in reference to new FM translator K279BI 103.7 FM). On April 29, 2012, KCFX-HD2 and K279BI changed formats to a simulcast of news/talk-formatted KCMO 710 AM.
KCFX-HD3
KCFX-HD3 is an affiliate of the Educational Media Foundation's Air1 Christian radio network. Prior to May 2019, the station was previously known as "107.9 The Fountain" (in reference to FM translator K300CH 107.9 FM).
References
External links
KCFX Website
CFX
Cass County, Missouri
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1974
1974 establishments in Missouri
Cumulus Media radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCFX |
Tapantí - Cerro de la Muerte Massif National Park, (), is a National Park in the Central Conservation Area of Costa Rica located on the edge of the Talamanca Range, near Cartago. It protects forests to the north of Chirripó National Park, and also contains part of the Orosí River. The area known as Cerro de la Muerte Massif was added to the park on January 14, 2000.
The southwest border of the protected area corresponds partially to the Route 2, (South Inter-American Highway), the Los Quetzales National Park and Los Santos Forest Reserve are located the other side of this road.
Flora and fauna
The park covers and two life zones: lower montane rain forest and pre-montane rain forest. These forests provide habitat for some 45 mammal species, including the Baird's tapir, kinkajou, white-faced capuchin monkey, paca, agouti, ocelot, and jaguarundi. The park's 400 bird species include sparrow hawks, resplendent quetzals, emerald toucanets, and violaceous trogons. There are 28 species of reptiles and amphibians, and a large insect population that includes the thysania agrippina, the largest moth on the American continent.
Three new species of Lepanthes orchids were discovered in the park in 2009 and is so far their only known habitat. All three species, L. graciosa, L. machogaffensis, and L. pelvis, are miniature orchids and neither is longer than 5 mm. They were discovered by a team from the Lankester Botanical Garden and the University of Costa Rica.
Ramsar site
Part of the Ramsar site is located within this protected area and shared with Chirripó National Park, Los Quetzales National Park, Macho River Forest Reserve, Vueltas Hill Biological Reserve and Los Santos Forest Reserve.
References
External links
Tapantí National Park at Costa Rica National Parks
National parks of Costa Rica
Protected areas established in 1982
Geography of Cartago Province
Tourist attractions in Cartago Province
1982 establishments in Costa Rica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapant%C3%AD%20National%20Park |
In logic, a logical constant or constant symbol of a language is a symbol that has the same semantic value under every interpretation of . Two important types of logical constants are logical connectives and quantifiers. The equality predicate (usually written '=') is also treated as a logical constant in many systems of logic.
One of the fundamental questions in the philosophy of logic is "What is a logical constant?"; that is, what special feature of certain constants makes them logical in nature?
Some symbols that are commonly treated as logical constants are:
Many of these logical constants are sometimes denoted by alternate symbols (for instance, the use of the symbol "&" rather than "∧" to denote the logical and).
Defining logical constants is a major part of the work of Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell. Russell returned to the subject of logical constants in the preface to the second edition (1937) of The Principles of Mathematics noting that logic becomes linguistic: "If we are to say anything definite about them, [they] must be treated as part of the language, not as part of what the language speaks about." The text of this book uses relations R, their converses and complements as primitive notions, also taken as logical constants in the form aRb.
See also
Logical connective
Logical value
Non-logical symbol
References
External links
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on logical constants
Concepts in logic
Logic symbols
Logical truth
Philosophical logic
Syntax (logic) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20constant |
Marty Haugen (born December 30, 1950) is an American composer of liturgical music.
Biography
Marty Haugen was born December 30, 1950, in Wanamingo, Minnesota. He was raised in the American Lutheran Church (ALC) in Minnesota, and became a member the United Church of Christ. His first job was as a worship leader in a Catholic parish in Minnesota in 1973. He began composing there in response to the poor quality of some of the music he was required to lead.
He writes contemporary hymns and liturgical music for the Lutheran church. Haugen holds a B.A. degree in psychology from Luther College and an M.A. degree in pastoral studies from the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota. He pursues a career as a liturgical composer and workshop presenter.
The majority of Haugen's compositions are published by GIA Publications. His works include two settings of the liturgy for Lutheran use, "Holden Evening Prayer" and "Now the Feast and Celebration", and settings of the Catholic Mass, including the "Mass of Creation". However, the USCCB has advised parishes not to use "Canticle of the Sun" due to "incorrect Christian Anthropology".
Haugen has also composed other works, including liturgical settings, choral arrangements, sacred songs, and hymns, including "Gather Us In", "Eye Has Not Seen", "We Are Many Parts", "We Remember", "Awake! Awake, and Greet the New Morn", and "Shepherd Me, O God", as well as psalm settings and paraphrases.
Haugen is a performing musician, and has recorded a number of CDs. He holds a position as composer-in-residence at Mayflower Community Congregational Church (UCC) in Minneapolis.
Lutheran liturgical music
Haugen has written liturgical settings for the ELCA, including Now the Feast and Celebration, (written in collaboration with then campus pastors at Pacific Lutheran University Susan Briehl, Dan Erlander and Martin Wells), Unfailing Light, an evening communion service written in collaboration with Pastor Susan Briehl, Holy Communion Setting Two for Evangelical Lutheran Worship (ELW), and an evening prayer setting, Holden Evening Prayer, originally written for Holden Village.
These settings have been published in various forms, with some of them appearing in the ELCA hymnal supplement With One Voice and the newest hymnal, Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006).
Selected discography
We Come Dancing (1999) (with Donna Peña, Gary Daigle and Bobby Fischer)
In The Days To Come-Songs Of Peace (2007)
That You May Have Life (2005)
The Feast Of Life (2000)
Appears on
Liam Lawton, Clouds' Veil
See also
Contemporary Catholic music
St. Louis Jesuits
Dan Schutte
References
External links
Marty Haugen personal website
Worship Times (Resource Publications)
Evangelical Lutheran Worship
Living Liturgy
1950 births
American male composers
American people of Norwegian descent
American Protestants
Composers of Christian music
Contemporary Catholic liturgical music
Living people
Luther College (Iowa) alumni
People from Goodhue County, Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty%20Haugen |
Charles William Foran (born August 2, 1960) is a Canadian writer in Toronto, Ontario.
Life and career
Foran was born in August 1960 in Toronto, Ontario to a Franco-Ontarian mother and a father from an Ottawa Irish family. He attended Catholic elementary school and Brebeuf College School, a Jesuit high school in North York. At St. Michael's College, University of Toronto, Foran studied English literature and history. After two years in Dublin, where he completed a Master's in Irish Literature at University College, Dublin, he and his wife lived for a period outside New York City. In 1988 they relocated to Beijing, China, where Foran taught at a university and witnessed the 1989 democracy movement.
Coming Attractions, an annual book highlighting new writers, published several of his early stories in 1987. In 1992 his short-story "Boy Under Water" was included in Best Canadian Stories.
Sketches in Winter, published by HarperCollins Canada in 1992, chronicled the aftermath of the June 4 massacre in Beijing from the perspective of a group of Beijing intellectuals.
In 1994 Foran published his first novel, Kitchen Music, set in Ireland, Canada and Vietnam. It was short-listed for the W.H. Smith/Books in Canada First Novel Award. Then living in Montreal, Foran served as contributing editor to Saturday Night, writing regularly on Quebec, and as books columnist for the Montreal Gazette.
The Last House of Ulster appeared in 1995, the year Foran relocated with his family to Peterborough, Ontario. It told the story of the Irish Troubles from the point of view of a North Belfast family. Shortlisted for the Governor General's Award, the book won the QSPELL Award for best work of non-fiction by a Quebec writer. He was awarded the QSPELL again in 1997 for his second novel, Butterfly Lovers, a story set in Montreal and Beijing. He and his family spent 1997–1998 in Hong Kong. A French translation of Butterfly Lovers appeared in 1999 under the title Amants.
The Story of My Life (so far), a book about childhood, was published by HarperCollins in 1998. The novel House on Fire followed in 2001. It takes place in a country modeled on Tibet, and in Hong Kong. In 2000 Foran also contributed a chapter on Canada to The Rough Guide to World Music. He returned to China with his family in 2001, living there for two more years. As well as making documentaries for the CBC Radio program Ideas on subjects ranging from Asian martial arts cinema to Indian writing, he served on the organizing committee for the Man Hong Kong International Literary Festival. In 2005 Foran published the novel Carolan's Farewell, set in 18th century Ireland. That same year HarperCollins issued a 10th anniversary edition of The Last House of Ulster, with a new preface by the author.
In spring 2008 a collection of his travel and literary essays, Join the Revolution, Comrade, was published by Biblioasis. His sports, travel and literary journalism has been published in magazines and newspapers in Canada, the US, and the UK.
In 2006 Foran signed with Alfred A. Knopf Canada to write a biography of Mordecai Richler. The book, while not authorized, was written with the cooperation of the Richler family. Mordecai: The Life & Times was released in October 2010, and was named to many best-of-year lists. Mordecai Richler: The Last of the Wild Jews, a documentary film co-written by Foran and director Francine Pelletier, first aired on BRAVO TV in December 2010. In September 2011 the film was awarded a Gemini for best biography documentary.
In early 2011 Mordecai: The Life & Times was short-listed for both the BC Foundation Non-Fiction Prize, and the Charles Taylor Prize. It was awarded the Taylor Prize in Toronto in February 2011, and won the 2011 Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction in October and the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction in November. The biography was also given a Canadian Jewish Book Prize. On November 15, 2011, the Globe and Mail declared Mordecai: The Life and Times "probably the single most awarded book of any genre in the history of Canadian literature."
In March 2011 Foran's short interpretive biography Maurice Richard was published by Penguin, as part of their Extraordinary Canadians series. In 2017, a documentary based on the book aired on CBC television.
Planet Lolita, his fifth novel, appeared in June 2014 with HarperCollins. The novel returns to contemporary Asia, the setting of two earlier works of fiction, to explore the disquiet of our digital age as seen through the eyes of a teenage girl. Since 2015, Foran has published exclusively journalism and essays, most notably on post-nationalism in The Guardian and on a writer in mid-career.
Between 2013 and 2014 Foran taught courses in Irish literature at St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto. From Jan 2015 to Jan 2019 he served as CEO the Institute for Canadian Citizenship, an organization committed to welcoming new Canadians through culture and advancing conversations about citizenship.
Foran was named to the Order of Canada in 2014. A former president of PEN Canada from 2011 until September 2013, he is a senior fellow at Massey College and an adjunct professor in the Department of English at the University of Toronto. In fall 2018 he was awarded the Writers' Trust Fellowship. His literary papers are housed in the archives at Bata Library, Trent University.
Bibliography
Sketches in Winter (1992)
Kitchen Music (1994)
The Last House of Ulster (1995)
Butterfly Lovers (1996)
The Story of My Life (So Far) (1998)
House on Fire (2001)
Carolan's Farewell (2005)
Join the Revolution, Comrade (2008)
Mordecai: The Life & Times (Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada, 2010)
Maurice Richard (Penguin Canada, Extraordinary Canadians Series, 2011)
"Planet Lolita" (2014)
References
External links
Charles Foran
Articles by Charles Foran at Canadian Geographic
1960 births
Living people
Canadian male novelists
Canadian male biographers
Canadian travel writers
Canadian people of Irish descent
Franco-Ontarian people
Members of the Order of Canada
Writers from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Governor General's Award-winning non-fiction writers
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian biographers
21st-century Canadian biographers
Canadian male essayists
20th-century Canadian essayists
21st-century Canadian essayists
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Foran |
Thomas Miller may refer to:
Politicians
Thomas Miller (North Carolina governor) (died 1685), governor in 1677
Thomas Miller, Lord Glenlee (1717–1789), Scottish politician and judge, Member of Parliament 1761–1766
Thomas B. Miller (1896–1976), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
Thomas E. Miller (1849–1938), U.S. Representative from South Carolina
Thomas H. Miller (Iowa newspaperman) (1925–2001), Iowa politician and newspaper editor
Thomas Miller (Saskatchewan) (1876–1945), Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan in 1945
Thomas W. Miller (1886–1973), U.S. Representative from Delaware
Thomas John Miller (born 1944), State Attorney General of Iowa
Thomas V. Miller Jr. (1942–2021), president of the Maryland State Senate
Thomas J. Miller (diplomat) (born 1948), former U.S. Ambassador to Greece
Sir Thomas Miller, 1st Baronet, of Chichester (1635–1705), MP for Chichester 1689–1695
Sir Thomas Miller, 3rd Baronet (c. 1689–1733), MP for Chichester 1715–1727
Sir Thomas Miller, 5th Baronet (1731–1816), MP for Lewes 1774–1778 and Portsmouth 1806–1816
Sports
Thomas Miller (footballer, born 1963), German footballer
Thomas Miller (Scottish footballer), Scottish footballer
Thomas Miller (Queen's Park footballer), Scottish footballer
Thomas Miller (Rangers footballer), Scottish footballer
Thomas Miller (cricketer) (1883–1962), English cricketer
Tommy Miller (born 1979), English footballer
Tommy Miller (footballer, born 1883) (1883–?), Scottish footballer
Others
Thomas Miller (bookseller) (1731–1804), English bookseller
Thomas Miller (poet) (1807–1874), English poet and novelist
Thomas Miller (pastor) (born 1970), leader of Gateway Worship
Thomas Miller (visual artist) (1920–2012), creator of the founders' mosaics at the DuSable Museum, Chicago
Thomas Miller (bassist), bassist of Symphony X
Thomas H. Miller (1923–2007), United States Marine Corps Naval Aviator and test pilot
Sir Thomas Miller, 6th Baronet (1781–1864), Church of England clergyman
Thomas G. Miller, Commander United States First Army
Thomas Francis Miller (1863–1939), American architect
Thomas I. Miller, American academic administrator and accountant
Thomas Maskew Miller (1863–1926), South African bookseller and publisher
Tommy Miller, a character in the film Ah, Wilderness!
Tommy Miller, a character in the video game The Last of Us and the TV series
See also
Tom Miller (disambiguation)
Thomas Millar (1925–1994), Australian historian and political scientist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Miller |
Red-Dirt Marijuana and Other Tastes () is a collection of short fiction and essays works by satirical novelist and screenwriter Terry Southern, which was first published in 1967.
It consists of twenty-four pieces which were originally published in Esquire magazine, Evergreen Review, Harper's Bazaar, Hasty Papers, Nugget, The Paris Review, and The Realist. It was re-published in 1990 with a new introduction by George Plimpton. A film was made of the title Southern short story with Southern's involvement by Philip D. Schuman which won a Hugo at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1973.
Stories
"Red-Dirt Marijuana"
"Razor Fight"
"The Sun and the Still-born Stars"
"The Night the Bird Blew for Doctor Warner"
"A South Summer Idyll"
"Put-down"
"You're Too Hip, Baby"
"You Gotta Leave Your Mark"
"The Road Out of Axotle"
"Apartment to Exchange"
"Love Is a Many Splendored"
"Twirling at Ole Miss"
"Recruiting for the Big Parade"
"I Am Mike Hammer"
"The Butcher"
"The Automatic Gate"
"A Change of Style"
"The Face of the Arena"
"The Moon-shot Scandal"
"Red Giant on Our Doorstep!"
"Scandale at the Dumpling Shop"
"Terry Southern Interviews a Faggot Male Nurse"
"The Blood of a Wig"
Plots and themes
Like much of Southern's work, Red-Dirt Marijuana and Other Tastes presents a detailed portrait of American culture during the 1950s. Many stories, in particular "You're Too Hip, Baby", "The Blood of a Wig", and "The Night the Bird Blew for Doctor Warner", explore the mentality of the hipster and the pretentiousness of countercultures.
Other stories, like "Recruiting for the Big Parade" and "Twirling at Ole Miss", present unusual non-fiction, and may be viewed as an early form of New Journalism. "Twirlin' at Ole Miss" has been cited by Tom Wolfe as one of the defining works of the genre and as such it was included in Wolfe and A.W. Johnson's anthology The New Journalism in 1973.
The majority of the book's stories, like the eponymous "Red-Dirt Marijuana", simply present detailed character sketches and bizarre flights of fancy. In "The Sun and the Still-Born Stars", a Texan farmer wages a surreal, Beowulfian struggle against a mysterious sea monster. In "Love Is a Many Splendored", Franz Kafka receives an obscene crank call from Sigmund Freud. Beneath these strange juxtapositions, Southern explores themes of alienation, love, and truth.
The collection has been widely praised by authors such as Norman Mailer, Gore Vidal, William S. Burroughs, Robert Anton Wilson, and Kurt Vonnegut. Joseph Heller characterized it as "the cutting edge of black comedy."
References
1967 short story collections
Works by Terry Southern
American short story collections
New American Library books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-Dirt%20Marijuana%20and%20Other%20Tastes |
Orchard Farm is an unincorporated community in St. Charles County, Missouri, United States.
History
A post office called Orchard Farm was established in 1894, and remained in operation until 1953. The community was so named on account of orchards near the original town site.
Notes
Unincorporated communities in St. Charles County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard%20Farm%2C%20Missouri |
EarthCraft House is one of five programs within the EarthCraft suite of regional green building standards. The EarthCraft Program was created in 1999 as a partnership between the Greater Atlanta Home Builders Association and Southface Energy Institute and teaches builders the latest methods of resource and energy-efficient construction.
EarthCraft House certifications are determined through a points-based worksheet, which allows builders to select the sustainability measures that are best suited for their project. A project can be certified, gold, or platinum, depending on how many points are achieved. The highest level of certification is platinum. Worksheet items address proper site planning, energy-efficient appliances and lighting, resource-efficient building materials, indoor air quality, water conservation and homebuyer education, and all are verified during site visits and inspections. EarthCraft-certified homes must also pass diagnostic tests for air infiltration and duct leakage standards, and homes certified at the gold or platinum levels must meet ENERGY STAR requirements. EarthCraft Technical Advisors provide technical assistance to the builder during the initial design review and throughout project design and construction.
The ECH program requires each house to be inspected and tested beforehand so that any problems involving the building envelope, or heating and cooling systems can be identified and fixed before the homeowner moves in.
To date, more than 30,000 EarthCraft homes, multifamily units and commercial buildings have been certified.
See also
Alternative natural materials
References
External links
EarthCraft Home Page - Programs & Resources
EarthCraft Virginia Home Page - Programs & Resources
Southface
Greater Atlanta Home Builders Association
Quality Home Builders In Georgia Information
Sustainable building in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EarthCraft%20House |
The United States has had diplomatic relations with the nation of Germany and its principal predecessor nation, the Kingdom of Prussia, since 1835. These relations were broken twice (1917 to 1921, and 1941 to 1955) while Germany and the United States were at war and for a continuation interval afterwards.
Prior to 1835, the United States and Prussia recognized one another but did not exchange representatives, except for a brief period when John Quincy Adams was accredited to the Prussian court from 1797 to 1801.
President Joe Biden nominated then University of Pennsylvania president and political philosopher Amy Gutmann for the position on July 2, 2021; by a vote of 54-42, she was confirmed by the Senate on February 8, 2022. She presented her credentials to the German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier on February 17, 2022.
List of United States ambassadors to Germany
This is a list of the chief U.S. diplomatic agents to Prussia, Germany, and West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany), their diplomatic rank, and the effective start and end of their service in Germany.
Heads of the U.S. Legation at Berlin (1797–1801)
Heads of the U.S. Legation at Berlin (1835–1848)
Heads of the U.S. Legation at Frankfurt (1848–1849)
Heads of the U.S. Legation at Berlin (1849–1893)
Heads of the U.S. Embassy at Berlin (1893–1917)
Heads of the U.S. Embassy at Berlin (1921–1941)
Heads of the U.S. Embassy at Bonn (1955–1999)
Heads of the U.S. Embassy at Berlin (1999–present)
See also
List of ambassadors of the United States to East Germany
Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C.
Embassy of the United States, Berlin
Germany–United States relations
Foreign relations of Germany
Ambassadors of the United States
References
United States Department of State: Background notes on Germany
External links
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Germany
United States Department of State: Germany
United States Embassy in Berlin
Germany
Lists of ambassadors to Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ambassadors%20of%20the%20United%20States%20to%20Germany |
Astasia-abasia refers to the inability to either stand or walk in a normal manner. Astasia refers to the inability to stand upright unassisted. Abasia refers to lack of motor coordination in walking. The term abasia literally means that the base of gait (the lateral distance between the two feet) is inconstant or unmeasurable. When seen in conversion disorder, the gait is bizarre and is not suggestive of a specific organic lesion: often the patient sways wildly and nearly falls, recovering at the last moment.
An acquired total inability to stand and walk can be seen in organic neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, damage to the cerebellum, Guillain–Barré syndrome, normal pressure hydrocephalus and many others. In normal pressure hydrocephalus, for example, when the condition remains untreated, the patient's gait becomes shortened, with frequent shuffling and falls; eventually standing, sitting, and even rolling over in bed become impossible. This advanced state is referred to as "hydrocephalic astasia-abasia".
Phobias
Astasia and/or abasia are associated with the corresponding fears of walking and/or standing, variously called stasophobia, basophobia, stasiphobia, basiphobia, stasobasophobia, stasibasiphobia, etc., sometimes turning into pathological forms, i.e., phobias.
See also
Blocq's disease, an illness named after Paul Oscar Blocq
References
External links
Medical signs
es:Astasia-abasia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astasia-abasia |
was one of four heavy cruisers, active in World War II with the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). These were the largest and most modern cruisers in the Japanese fleet, and were intended to form the backbone of a multipurpose long-range strike force. These ships were fast, powerful and heavily armed, with enough firepower to hold their own against any cruiser in any other navy in the world. Her sister ships were , and .
Background
The Takao-class ships were approved under the 1927 to 1931 supplementary fiscal year budget, and were each named after a mountain. Mount Maya is located outside Kobe.
Design
The Takao-class cruisers were an improved version of the previous design, incorporating technical elements learned with the development of the experimental light cruiser . They had a distinctive profile with a large, raked main smokestack, and a smaller, straight, second smokestack. Intended to address issues with the Myōkō class, the Takao class had thicker armor, dual-purpose main guns which could be used against aircraft, and torpedo launchers moved to the upper deck for greater safety. However, as with its predecessors, the Takao class was also top-heavy.
The Takao class displaced . Maya was long, with a beam of , draft of and was capable of 35.25 knots.
Propulsion was by 12 Kampon boilers driving four sets of single-impulse geared turbine engines, with four shafts turning three-bladed propellers. The ship was armored with a side belt, and armored deck;, the bridge was armored with armored plates.
Maya'''s main battery was ten 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns, the heaviest armament of any heavy cruiser in the world at the time, mounted in five twin turrets. Her secondary armament included eight Type 10 12 cm dual purpose guns with four twin mounts, two on each side, and 16 Type 90 torpedoes in four quadruple launchers. She was very deficient in anti-aircraft capability, with only two anti-aircraft guns. Maya was repeatedly modernized and upgraded throughout her career in order to counter the growing threat of air strikes, and in her final configuration was eight 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns (4x2), twelve Type 89 dual purpose guns (6x2), and 16 Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedoes in four quadruple launchers (plus 8 reloads). Anti-aircraft (AA) protection included 13 triple-mount and 27 single-mount Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Guns (13x3, 27x1) and 36 anti-aircraft machine guns.
Service history
Early operationsMaya was laid down at the Kawasaki Shipyards in Kobe on 4 December 1928, launched and named on 8 November 1930, and was commissioned into the Imperial Japanese Navy on 30 June 1932.
All of the Takao class were assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, forming Sentai-4 of the IJN 2nd Fleet, and trained as a unit during the 1930s. Maya was commanded by Captain Masaichi Niimi from 15 November 1932, followed by Captain Jisaburō Ozawa from 15 November 1934 to 28 October 1935. During this time, issues with their stability and seaworthiness due to the top-heavy design became evident. With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, she led a fleet with the Imperial Japanese Army's IJA 6th Division from Nagoya to China in August 1937. Takao and Atago were rebuilt at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal between 1938 and 1939, resulting in an improved design: the size of the bridge was reduced, the main mast was relocated aft, and hull budges were added to improve stability. Maya and Chōkai were not modified as extensively, and can almost be considered a separate class.
Pacific War
At the start of the Pacific War, Maya was based at Mako Guard District in the Pescadores Islands together with Atago and Takao. Atago and Takao sailed first to provide support for Japanese landings in the invasion of the northern Philippines. Maya remained at Mako in reserve until 8 December, when she sailed as part of Vice Admiral Ibō Takahashi's IJN 3rd Fleet, together with the cruisers and to support Japanese landing at Vigan and at Lingayen Gulf. On 31 December, she provided cover for the Third Malaya Convoy, and assisted in the seizure of the Natuna islands.
In January 1942, Maya was assigned to patrols from Palau, covering operations in the southern Philippines. In February, she provided distant cover for the Bombing of Darwin, Australia. From the end of February, she based at Staring-baai in the Celebes, and was involved in operations to hunt down and destroy shipping attempting to escape from the Dutch East Indies. On 2 March, Mayas floatplanes spotted , and Maya with the destroyers and closed on the old destroyer/minelayer and expended 1270 rounds of ammunition on her before she finally sank. Survivors were picked up by captured small steamer Bintoehan, and later transferred to Maya. Later the same night, Maya and Atago also sank the destroyer . On 3 March, Maya was present at the sinking of the gunboat south of Java.
On 4 March, Atago, Takao and Maya, together attacked a convoy which had departed Tjilatjap for Fremantle, Australia, and sank the Royal Australian Navy sloop after a 90 minute battle, along with the British tanker Francol, depot ship Anking, and British minesweeper 51. Maya returned to Staring-baai on 7 March, and back to Yokosuka on 18 March. While dry-docked at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal an additional two Type 96 twin-mount AA guns were installed abreast the forward funnel.
In April 1942, Maya was part of the fleet assigned to the unsuccessful pursuit of Admiral William F. Halsey's Task Force 16.2 after the Doolittle Raid. In June 1942, Takao and Maya supported the invasion of the Aleutian Islands, protecting the convoy for Kiska and providing fire support for landings on Attu. Two reconnaissance aircraft from each cruiser were attacked by United States Army Air Forces P-40 Warhawks from Umnak on 3 June, with two destroyed and two heavily damaged on 3 June. Maya returned to Ōminato Guard District on 24 June.
In August 1942, Maya was assigned to "Operation Ka", the Japanese reinforcement during the Battle of Guadalcanal, departing Hashirajima with Atago and Maya on 11 August for Truk. The cruisers were in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24 August from a distance, and did not see combat. On 15 October, Maya, together with and Isuzu participated a bombardment of Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. Maya fired 450 Type-3 incendiary and Type-91 armor-piercing shells during the operation.
Maya was also at the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands participating in night combat operations resulting in the sinking of the American aircraft carrier . On 3 November, Maya and were sent to reinforce the IJN 8th Fleet at Shortland Island and participated in the second bombardment of Henderson Field on 14 November. On the return from the mission, Mayas task force was attacked by the submarine , which missed the cruiser with six torpedoes. Later, a United States Navy Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bomber from VB-10 of the aircraft carrier dropped a 500-pound (227 kg) bomb astern of Maya. The near miss caused no damage, but the wing of the Dauntless clipped Maya'''s mainmast, and the plane crashed into the port side of the cruiser, igniting 4.7-inch shells and killing 37 crewmen. Maya was forced to jettison her torpedoes as a precaution while putting out the fires, and was forced to return to Yokosuka for repairs at the end of the year.Maya returned to Yokosuka for repairs and refit in January 1943, and was then reassigned to operations in northern waters, supporting supply missions to the Kurile Islands and the Aleutian islands. On 26 March, Maya participated in the Battle of the Komandorski Islands, off Kamchatka Peninsula. The cruisers , , and four destroyers of Rear Admiral Charles H. McMorris' Task Group 16.6 engaged the cruisers , Maya, , and two destroyers of Vice Admiral Hosogaya's IJN Fifth Fleet, escorting a convoy with troops and supplies for the isolated garrison on Attu. Maya catapulted her spotter aircraft and launched Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedoes, but scored no hits. In a four-hour running gun battle, Salt Lake City and destroyer were damaged by gunfire. Maya and Nachi were also damaged in the exchange of fire and the Japanese were forced to abort their resupply mission.
After repairs again at Yokosuka, Maya returned to the Kuriles in late April, and became flagship of the IJN Fifth Fleet, assisting in the evacuation of Kiska after the loss of Attu to the Americans in August 1943.
After refit in Yokosuka during which two additional twin-mount Type-96 AA guns (bringing its total to 16 barrels), Maya accompanied Chōkai back to Truk, arriving in late September, and started shuttling troops and supplies between Truk and Rabaul. ON 5 November, Maya was attacked by SBD Dauntless dive bombers from the carrier during the Carrier Raid on Rabaul. A bomb hit the aircraft deck portside above the No. 3 engine room and started a major fire. Seventy crewmen were killed. Emergency repairs were made at Rabaul, and Maya returned to Yokosuka at the end of 1943. During this repair, a major change was made in Mayas armaments, transforming her into an anti-aircraft cruiser, with her No.3 turret and aircraft hangar removed, and replaced by thirteen triple mount and nine single mount Type 96 AA guns, and six twin-mount 127-mm guns, as well as 36 Type 93 machine guns. Her twin torpedo launchers were upgraded to quadruple launchers, and a Type 22 surface-search radar was installed. The overhaul was completed on 9 April.
At Kure, Maya embarked two Aichi E13A1 "Jake" long-range scout planes, troops and materials. A monkey, donated to Maya by the Kure Zoo, was also embarked. During the voyage, the aircrew taught the monkey to salute the officers, much to their annoyance.
From April to June 1944, Maya supported other units in the defense of the Philippines, culminating in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, in which she was damaged slightly by near-misses. During this battle, on 20 June, the scout plane from Maya spotted Task Force 58 at a distance of . Maya went into a ring formation with the battleships , , destroyer and other escorts to protect the aircraft carrier . This formation was attacked by over 50 TBF Avenger torpedo bombers from the aircraft carriers , , and .
On 20 June, Maya retired with the remnants of the fleet via Okinawa to Yokosuka, arriving 25 June where the aircrew and their pet monkey disembarked and an additional 18 Type 96 single-mount AA guns were installed. On 14 July, Maya transported units of the IJA 28th Division to Miyako-jima from Kure, and then continued on to Singapore. She rendezvoused with the fleet at Brunei on 20 October.
On 22 October, in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Maya was assigned to Sentai-4 with sister ships Atago, Takao and Chōkai together with the battleships , and . At 05:33 on 23 October, the fleet was attacked in the Palawan Passage by a pair of US submarines, Mayas sister-ships Atago and Takao were torpedoed by the submarine . Atago was hit four times and sank in approximately 18 minutes, while Takao was severely damaged by two hits and forced to retire to Singapore. Twenty minutes later, submarine fired six torpedoes at Maya, mistaking it for a battleship; Maya was struck by four torpedoes portside: one in the forward chain locker, another opposite No. 1 gun turret, a third in No. 7 boiler room and the last in the aft engine room. Powerful secondary explosions followed immediately, and by 06:00 Maya was dead in the water and listing heavily to port. She sank five minutes later, taking 336 officers and men to the bottom, including her captain ().
rescued 769 men, and transferred them to the battleship Musashi, which was sunk the following day; 143 of Mayas crewmen were lost with Musashi. Thus, from the final crew of 1,105 crewmen, 479 were lost. She was removed from the navy list on 20 December 1944.
Wreck
On 19 April 2019, researchers aboard announced they had located the wreck of Maya in around of water. She sits upright with the tip of the bow broken off and lying upside down off the port quarter of the remainder of the wreck. She is in astonishingly good condition, with all main gun turrets still in place, and the massive bridge structure intact. Although her sister ship Atago was also sunk nearby, the bridge structure and main gun layout confirm that the wreck is indeed Maya.
Maya in popular culture
In the Studio Ghibli film Grave of the Fireflies, the father of Setsuko and Seita serves onboard Maya. He is assumed to have been killed in the end of the film.
References
Notes
Books
External links
Takao-class cruisers
Second Sino-Japanese War cruisers of Japan
World War II cruisers of Japan
World War II shipwrecks in the Philippine Sea
1930 ships
Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign
Ships sunk by American submarines
Maritime incidents in October 1944
Shipwreck discoveries by Paul Allen
2019 archaeological discoveries
Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20cruiser%20Maya |
Lev Pavlovich Rapoport (, January 13, 1920 – September 15, 2000) was well known for his pioneering works in nuclear and atomic theoretical physics.
Early work
His first works in this field concerned the simplest of atoms, atomic hydrogen, and, more specifically, light scattering from, and two-photon ionization of, hydrogen atoms. His analytical calculations of the cross sections for those processes are now considered classic works, and the methods he used to derive the corresponding formulas have formed the basis of many subsequent theoretical works by researchers both in Russia and abroad.
Further work
Rapoport's scientific achievements spanned a wide range of physics. After becoming a well-known specialist in theoretical nuclear physics during the 1950s, he published works in the then-new fields of superfluidity and superconductivity in the early 1960s. He gave a generalization of the Ginzburg–Landau equations applicable for lower temperatures and proposed a microscopic theory of magnetic flux quantization in superconductors. He also contributed to the development of the theory of finite Fermi systems, which he applied to the nuclear processes of beta decay and electron capture. In this work, the Green's function method formed the basis for numerical calculations. Further modifications of the Green's function method enabled researchers to study multiphoton processes in many-electron atoms and in simple molecules and also made possible numerical calculations of higher-order relativistic effects in atomic spectra.
Co-workers
Rapoport involved many of his students in scientific research. His high standards for teaching made him a leader in education, not only in physics but in many other programs at Voronezh State University. For example, he was a member of the university's scientific council, on which he actively influenced both the curricula and the scientific research of the university's mathematics and science departments. During the last quarter century of his life, he was the leading professor at Voronezh State University. In all, he trained 25 PhD students, 8 of whom subsequently obtained the DSc degree in physics and became professors who are now working in Russia and abroad. One may say that Rapoport guided the development of both the curricula and the faculty of the department of theoretical physics at Voronezh State University.
Recognition
The high quality of his research brought Rapoport increasing recognition. For his pioneering contributions to the theory of multiphoton processes in atoms, he was awarded the DSc degree in 1970 by St. Petersburg State University. In 1980, he was given the title Distinguished Scientist of the Russian Federation, which is an honor granted annually by the Russian government to only about 100 scientists in all scientific fields. Additionally, he was among the first recipients of grants for fundamental research from both Russian and international scientific foundations, including the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the International Science Foundation. Rapoport also served on the Russian Academy of Science's Scientific Council for Atomic Spectroscopy and Scientific Council for Coherent and Nonlinear Optics.
External links
Lev Pavlovich Rapoport
1920 births
2000 deaths
Rapoport, Lev
Rapoport, Lev
Academic staff of Voronezh State University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Pavlovich%20Rapoport |
Arinjaya Chola was a ruler of the Chola kingdom. He was the third son of Parantaka I and the younger brother of Gandaraditya Chola, whom he is thought to have succeeded in about 956. Arinjaya Chola was succeeded by his son Sundara Chola (Parantaka II) as Madurantaka Uttama Chola was not old enough to ascend the throne. Arinjaya seems to have ruled for a very short time.
Recent scholarship suggests that Arinjaya was the son of a Chera princess (hence a half-brother to prince Rajaditya). As per the Anbil plates of Sundara Chola, Arinjaya's mother was the daughter of Paluvettaraiyar, therein described as a Chera prince.
Other names
Arinjaya is also referred to by the names Arikulakesari, Arikesari, or Arindama. His name is mentioned in some of Gandaraditya's inscriptions as Alvar Arikulakesarideva.
Paucity of information
There is some confusion regarding whether Arinjaya actually succeeded Gandaraditya. Some historians doubt whether Arinjaya ruled on his own right. There is little epigraphic evidence available to give us any concrete information on Arinjaya's rule. What we know now is partly speculative and partly informed extrapolations of known facts.
Gandaraditya probably made his younger brother co-regent very early in his rule. It is also very probable that Gandaraditya did not have any heir until very late in his life. As a result, he must have made Arinjaya heir apparent and paved the way for Arinjaya's heirs to the line of succession to the Chola crown.
Personal life
We can gather a good deal information from the epigraphs left behind by his peers. He was married to a Vaidumba princess of Eastern Chalukyas called Kalyani, who bore him Sundara Chola. Yet another queen was Boothi Aditya Pidari, the daughter of Tennavan Irukkuvel alias Maravan Boothi. She founded the Chandrasekara temple in Tiruchendurai. This Tennavan Irukkuvel alias Boothi has been identified with none other than Boothi Vikramakesari the builder of the Moovar Koil temple.
Death and succession
Arinjaya died c. 957 in a place called Arrur, which is possibly present-day Tiruvarur. From an inscription found near Melpadi in north Tamil Nadu, we learn that Rajaraja Chola I erected a Siva temple called Arinjisvara as a tomb-shrine in memory of his grandfather Arinjaya who was also known as "Arrur tunjina devan".
Arinjaya was succeeded by his son Parantaka Chola II (Sundara Chola). Two of his wives Viman Kundaviyar and Kodai Pirattiyar seem to have survived him and made gifts to temples in Arinjaya's name during Parantaka II's reign.
Inscription
Arinjaya figures in some of the inscriptions of his father Parantaka. Here is an excerpt,
Yet another one from a temple in Tiruvorriyur is as follows,
Notes
References
Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1935). The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras (Reprinted 1984).
Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
Chola emperors
10th-century Indian monarchs
950s deaths
Year of death uncertain
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arinjaya%20Chola |
Zelda is a 1993 American television film, based on the lives of author F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda Fitzgerald, artist and fellow author.
References
External links
1993 television films
1993 films
American biographical drama films
1990s biographical films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Pat O'Connor
Cultural depictions of F. Scott Fitzgerald
Biographical films about writers
American drama television films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelda%20%28film%29 |
Elizabeth Street is a major street in the central business district of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. The street continues south of the central business district (CBD), through the inner city suburbs of Surry Hills, Redfern and Waterloo, before terminating in Zetland. Elizabeth Street lies within the City of Sydney local government area.
Description and history
Elizabeth Street runs south from Hunter Street, past Hyde Park and David Jones, and reaches the CBD boundary at Central station. The street continues further south and is approximately long and passes through a mixture of residential and commercial areas. Between Eddy Avenue and Redfern Street, the street carries southbound traffic only; with Chalmers Street carrying northbound traffic. The speed limit on Elizabeth Street varies between to .
Elizabeth Street was originally known as Mulgrave Street, but was renamed by Governor Lachlan Macquarie in 1810 for his second wife, Elizabeth Henrietta Campbell (1778-1835).
On VP Day (15 August 1945), the Dancing Man photograph and film were taken of celebrations in Elizabeth Street.
In 2016, it became the route for Sydney's Anzac Day parade with the traditional route via George Street unavailable due to CBD and South East Light Rail construction work.
Points of interest
Within the central business district
Martin Place Special Area: this street is historically significant as a site of various monuments, including the Sydney Cenotaph. It was established as a meeting place in front of the GPO in 1863. Further development and evolution took place through the 1880s and 1930s, until the site was completely pedestrianised in 1970.
St James station: started by the Chief Engineer of Metropolitan Railway Construction, St James was a vital link in the City Circle. It was built on two levels. Work commenced in 1916 but was held up by lack of funds. Work resumed in 1922. The station has a state heritage listing.
Hyde Park: this is the oldest park in Australia, having been named by Governor Macquarie in 1810. The designer, Norman Weekes, won a 1926 design competition. The park includes the Oddfellows War Memorial (1921), the Archibald Fountain (1932) and Sandringham Gardens (1954), and has a state heritage listing.
Museum station: this station was designed by John Bradfield as part of the City Circle rail system. It was built between 1922 and 1926 and has a state heritage listing.
David Jones Market Street Store: designed by Mackellar and Partridge in 1938, plus Crawford H.Mackellar 1941, built 1938. The lower six floors were built between the wars, the upper floors were built after World War II. It represents one of the first examples of aluminium-framed windows in Sydney. The building has a state heritage listing.
Former Registrar's Office: built late 1850, designed by Alexander Dawson, Colonial Architect, with a Tudor Gothic stone exterior, as part of the Supreme Court. Additions were by James Barnet in 1877 and 1886. The building is heritage-listed.
Obelisk (facing Bathurst Street): this obelisk was based on Cleopatra's Needle in London, circa 1857. It is actually a sewerage vent in the Victorian Egyptian style. It is heritage-listed.
Great Synagogue: located on the west side of Elizabeth Street, this synagogue was designed by Thomas Rowe, circa 1878. It seats 1,600 people on the ground floor and is heritage-listed.
Downing Centre: formerly Mark Foy's department store, this building was designed by McCreedy and Anderson in 1908. The upper four storeys were added in 1928, having been designed by H.Ross and Rowe.
Central station: designed by Walter Liberty Vernon, Central station has been described as the grandest railway station in Australia. It was built of sandstone from 1901-1906 and is one of the first examples of reinforced concrete in Australia. It is listed on the Register of the National Estate.
Sydney Dental Hospital: the dental hospital was established in 1908 when the Dentists Act of 1901 put dentistry on an organised footing. It is run by the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Sydney.
South of the central business district
Redfern Oval: this park is located between Elizabeth, Chalmers and Redfern Streets and includes an oval, sandstone perimeter walls, entrance gates, fountain and war memorials. Was the scene of the launch of the Australian Celebration of the 1992 International Year of the World's Indigenous Peoples. Has a state heritage listing.
Waterloo Park: this park is located between Elizabeth, Kellick, Pitt and Allen Streets. The north-west corner contains the Mt Carmel Church, which was established in 1858.
Mt Carmel Church and School: the school was first established in 1858 under the Benedictine Order. A new school was built in 1876. The church was begun in 1859 and was designed by William Monroe. The presbytery was opened in 1890. The complex has a state heritage listing.
Waterloo Town Hall: this town hall is listed as a substantial representative of the Victorian Italianate style. It was designed by Edward Hughes and built 1880-81. It is historically significant as an example of the small, inner-city councils in Sydney and is heritage-listed.
Transport
Elizabeth Street was a busy electric tram corridor for most services to and from the eastern suburbs until the closure of the lines in 1961. The street is used by Transdev John Holland bus services to and from the Eastern Suburbs and Transit Systems services to and from the Inner West.
Gallery
See also
References
External links
Streets in Sydney
Surry Hills, New South Wales
Redfern, New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Street%2C%20Sydney |
Concerto in E-flat, inscribed Dumbarton Oaks, 8.v.38 (1937–38) is a chamber concerto by Igor Stravinsky, named for the Dumbarton Oaks estate of Robert Woods Bliss and Mildred Barnes Bliss in Washington, D.C., who commissioned it for their thirtieth wedding anniversary. Composed in Stravinsky's neoclassical period, the piece is one of Stravinsky's two chamber concertos (the other being the Concerto in D, for strings, 1946) and is scored for a chamber orchestra of flute, B clarinet, bassoon, two horns, three violins, three violas, two cellos, and two double basses. The three movements, Tempo giusto, Allegretto, and Con moto, performed without a break, total roughly twelve minutes. The concerto was heavily inspired by Bach's set of Brandenburg Concertos, and was the last work Stravinsky completed in Europe, started in spring 1937 at the Château de Montoux near Annemasse, near Geneva, Switzerland, and finished in Paris on March 29, 1938.
The commission had been brokered by Nadia Boulanger. She also conducted the May 8, 1938, private premiere in the music room at Dumbarton Oaks, while the composer was hospitalized with tuberculosis. The public premiere took place in Paris on June 4, 1938, at a concert of La Sérénade, with Stravinsky conducting. The full-score manuscript, formerly owned by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, is in the Harvard University Rare Book Collection of the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library, Washington, D.C.
Stravinsky himself created a reduction for two pianos. Leif Thybo's 1952 transcription for organ laid the foundation for his investigation of the possibilities of the modern form of the instrument. A ballet, choreographed by Jerome Robbins, was premiered by the New York City Ballet on June 23, 1972, calling for one principal and six corps dancers of each sex.
Sources
Sources
Further reading
Rogers, Lynne. 1992. "Dissociation in Stravinsky's Russian and Neoclassical Music". International Journal of Musicology 1:201–228.
Straus, Joseph. 1982. "Stravinsky's 'Tonal Axis'". Journal of Music Theory 26, no. 2 (Autumn): 261–90.
External links
Ledbetter, Steven. 1995. "Igor Stravinsky: Concerto in E-flat for chamber orchestra 'Dumbarton Oaks, 8.v.38'". Pro Arte website (archive from 12 March 2007, accessed 16 September 2011).
Strugnell, Stephen. [2007]. "Stravinsky – Concerto in E flat 'Dumbarton Oaks' (12')". Scottish Chamber Orchestra website (archive from 28 September 2007, accessed 16 September 2011).
Work details, Schott Music
, United States Marine Band, Jason Fettig (conductor), March 2021 – Program notes
, Northern Chamber Orchestra, Nicholas Ward (conductor)
Concertos by Igor Stravinsky
1938 compositions
Stravinsky
Compositions in E-flat major
Music dedicated to benefactors or patrons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerto%20in%20E-flat%20%22Dumbarton%20Oaks%22 |
"Paranoid: A Chant" is a 100-line poem by Stephen King originally published in the 1985 short story collection Skeleton Crew.
Synopsis
The poem is a first-person narrative from the diary of a person with paranoid schizophrenia, the character complains of persecution from "the old woman in the room above" who "has put an electric suction cup on the floor..." "the waitress says it was salt, but I know arsenic when it's put before me..." and many more horrors. When he is served food with mustard he thinks it is "to mask the bitter odor of almonds," presumably a reference to cyanide. According to the poem, the victim has amassed "500 notebooks with 500 pages in each one" and records all the wrongs done unto him in the books. He thinks that his enemies are part of a massive government conspiracy and mentions the FBI and the CIA. He is also superstitious; he knows chants and he wears charms.
The poem is recursive, ending where it begins, with the stanza "I can't go out no more. There's a man by the door in a raincoat"
The poem also has ties to the Dark Tower epic. When King originally began writing The Stand, he wrote "A dark man with no face." This became the description for Randall Flagg and is an exact line from the poem.
Film, television or theatrical adaptations
The poem was adapted into an eight-minute Dollar Baby short film by Jay Holben, starring Tonya Ivey, in 2000.
See also
Stephen King short fiction bibliography
1985 poems
Poetry by Stephen King
Works about fear
sv:Paranoia: En besvärjelse | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid%3A%20A%20Chant |
KKEZ (94.5 MHz, "Mix 94.5") is a commercial FM radio station in Fort Dodge, Iowa. It has a hot adult contemporary radio format and is owned by Alpha Media. The transmitter is off U.S. Route 169 at Avenue G in Fort Dodge.
History
In 1966, the station signed on as KWMT-FM. It was the FM counterpart to KWMT (540 AM), simulcasting its country music and farm news programming. Around 1970, it switched to an automated beautiful music format, later taking the call sign KKEZ.
In 1979, KKEZ changed from beautiful music to contemporary hit radio (Top 40) as "Fort Dodge's Hit Radio 94, KKEZ". The station became branded as "Z94" by veteran Iowa programmer Jim Davis in 1986. In the early 1990s, the station changed its format to adult contemporary as "Mix 94.5" until it went soft adult contemporary in January 2009.
In 2007, the KWMT and KKEZ were acquired by Clear Channel Communications, a forerunner to iHeartMedia. iHeart later sold to Alpha Media. On July 31, 2009, the station reverted to its adult contemporary format while keeping the "Mix 94.5" name.
References
External links
KKEZ website
Three Eagles Communications
KEZ
Hot adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Fort Dodge, Iowa
Radio stations established in 1966
1966 establishments in Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKEZ |
Paul Leary Walthall (born May 7, 1957), known as Paul Leary, is an American musician and music producer from Austin, Texas, best known as the lead guitarist and occasional lead vocalist for the rock band Butthole Surfers. He is also the producer of a number of songs and albums by other bands, including U2, Sublime, Meat Puppets, Daniel Johnston, The Reverend Horton Heat, Pepper, Maggie Walters, Bad Livers, Slightly Stoopid, and The Refreshments. Leary produced Sublime with Rome's debut album, Yours Truly.
In 1991, Leary released a solo album entitled The History of Dogs. In 1994, he appeared on the song "Lounge Fly" from the multi-platinum album Purple by Stone Temple Pilots. He also performed backing vocals on the Meat Puppets and Bad Livers respective renditions of his song "Pee Pee the Sailor". Leary appeared on one track on the 1999 John Paul Jones (ex-Led Zeppelin) solo album Zooma. He formed a new band called The Cocky Bitches (formerly Carny) and in 2014 contributed three songs to the Melvins album Hold It In.
Leary released Born Stupid, his second solo album, on February 12, 2021, via Shimmy-Disc.
He released a newly re-Mastered LP of The History of Dogs as The History of Dogs, Revisted (with two additional bonus songs from the original 1990 sessions that were not included on the original LP) on June 17, 2022, also via Shimmy-Disc.
References
External links
U2.com News
Buttholesurfers.org
Record producers from Texas
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Butthole Surfers members
Hardcore punk musicians
Noise rock musicians
Living people
Musicians from San Antonio
Trinity University (Texas) alumni
1957 births
Rough Trade Records artists
Guitarists from Texas
20th-century American guitarists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Leary |
Nisht Azoy is the second album of the Montreal-based klezmer band, Black Ox Orkestar. The record's name translates into Not Like This. It was released on 180g LP and CD. Compared to their previous album, Ver Tanzt? more percussion and group singing is utilised.
Track listing
"Bukharian" – 4:45
"Az Vey Dem Tatn" – 5:29
"Violin Duet" – 5:22
"Ikh Ken Tsvey Zayn" – 5:34
"Ratsekr Grec" – 4:18
"Tsvey Tabelakh" – 7:13
"Dobriden" – 6:50
"Golem" – 7:21
Personnel
Thierry Amar – contrabass
Scott Levine – cymbalum, saz, mandolin, guitar, violin, percussion, vocals
Gabe Levine – clarinet, guitar
Jessica Moss – violin
Guest musicians
Brian Lipson – trumpet on "Ratsekr Grec"
Pierre-Guy Blanchard – drums on "Ratsekr Grec", "Tsvey Tabelakh" and "Dobriden"
The Two Doves Friendship Band – various instruments on "Tsvey Tabelakh"
Black Ox Orkestar albums
2006 albums
Constellation Records (Canada) albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisht%20Azoy |
George David Odom (born October 9, 1942) is a retired American men's college basketball coach. He served as the head coach of the East Carolina Pirates, Wake Forest Demon Deacons and South Carolina Gamecocks.
Playing career
Odom began his career in sports at Goldsboro High School, in North Carolina, as the captain of his basketball and baseball teams. After graduating in 1961, he attended Guilford College where he played quarterback on the football team for three years, as well as playing basketball for all four years. As a senior in 1965, Odom was named the college's most outstanding athlete. He was also inducted into the Guilford College Athletics Hall of Fame in 1983. Pete Maravich remarked late in his life that he had patterned many of his signature moves off of Odom's game.
Early career
After graduation in 1965, Odom accepted a job as the coach of Goldsboro High School while enrolled at East Carolina University in pursuit of a master's degree in physical education. Odom coached Goldsboro High School for four seasons between 1965 and 1969; he was also a drivers ed instructor during this time. After graduating from East Carolina in 1969, Odom took a job at Durham High School. He coached at Durham for seven years (1969–1976) where he was voted his league's coach of the year five times.
Early collegiate career
Odom began his collegiate coaching career as an assistant at Wake Forest University in 1976 under head coach Carl Tacy. After three years at Wake Forest (1976–1979), Odom became the head coach at East Carolina University, where his squad compiled a 16–11 record, the university's best since 1965. Odom stayed with the program until 1982, when he was offered a chance to return to the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) as an assistant at the University of Virginia.
As an assistant at Virginia (1982–1989) under head coach Terry Holland, Odom participated in some of the university's most successful seasons, including five National Collegiate Athletic Association berths and a trip to the Final Four in 1984. During this time, Odom coached future No. 1 NBA draft pick Ralph Sampson, who graduated in 1983. Odom served as acting head coach when Holland missed several games due to illness in the 1988–1989 season. Odom left Virginia in 1989 to return to Winston-Salem as the head coach of Wake Forest University.
Wake Forest
Upon his arrival in Winston-Salem, Odom inherited a team that had suffered four straight losing seasons under head coach Bob Staak. In his 12 seasons (1989–2001) as head coach, Odom compiled a record of 240–132, making him the second-highest winning coach in Wake Forest history, as well as the second highest winning percentage in school history. During this time, Wake Forest earned 7 straight NCAA Tournament appearances and one National Invitation Tournament (NIT) championship.
Odom was named ACC coach of the year in 1991, 1994 and 1995. He led his team to consecutive ACC Championships in 1995 and 1996. Much of the success during these two years is attributed to star center Tim Duncan, whom he recruited as a player in the U.S. Virgin Islands in 1994. In 1995, led by Duncan, the team put up a 26–6 overall record, including winning the ACC tournament by defeating North Carolina by the score of 82–80, with the victory coming from a last second shot by point guard Randolph Childress. In 1996, the team successfully defended its title with a record of 26–6 by defeating Georgia Tech by a score of 75–74.
South Carolina
Odom left Wake Forest to accept the job as head coach of the University of South Carolina in 2001, replacing former coach Eddie Fogler. During his tenure at South Carolina, his team earned one NCAA tournament bid, and made three appearances in the NIT, winning the championship in 2005 and 2006. He was named SEC Coach of the Year in 2004. On January 2, 2008, Odom coached his 400th collegiate victory as a head coach. Later that month, on January 18, he announced that he would retire at the end of the 2007–2008 basketball season, his seventh at South Carolina. He coached his final game for USC on March 14, 2008, in the SEC tournament.
Personal
Odom is the father of VCU head coach Ryan Odom.
Head coaching record
References
External links
South Carolina profile
1942 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from North Carolina
Basketball players from North Carolina
College basketball announcers in the United States
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
East Carolina Pirates men's basketball coaches
Guilford Quakers football players
Guilford Quakers men's basketball players
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Place of birth missing (living people)
Players of American football from North Carolina
Sportspeople from Goldsboro, North Carolina
South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball coaches
Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball coaches
Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Odom |
The St Marys Football Club, nicknamed, Saints, formed in 1952, is an Australian rules football club, affiliated to the Northern Territory Football League. It is famous for its record of success, with 33 NTFL premierships in 52 Grand Finals and 68 out of 71 possible final appearances. To the end of season 2022/23, St Marys have played 1316 games for 947 Wins 358 Losses and 11 Draws.
Nicknamed the Saints, St Marys play their home games at Football Park in Marrara.
St Marys has produced many talented players, particularly Indigenous Australian players for leagues such as the Australian Football League. Many players from the Tiwi Bombers Football Club also played for the club.
St Mary's have only missed the NTFL finals three times in their proud history, the seasons they missed were in 1979/80 (5th), 2000/01 (5th) and 2018/19 (8th). They manage to collect their first wooden spoon in 2018/19. The longest wooden spoon drought in NTFL history (67 years). Second is Nightcliff Football Club from 1952/53 - 1992/93 (40 Years).
Notable players
The club has produced AFL players
Maurice Rioli -
Michael Long -
Ronnie Burns - ,
Scott Chisolm - ,
Xavier Clarke - ,
Raphael Clarke -
Peter Burgoyne -
Cyril Rioli -
Daniel Rioli -
Shaun Edwards - , ,
Austin Wonaeamirri -
Ben Long - ,
Maurice Rioli Jr -
Club achievements
Club song
Chorus:Oh when the Saints come marching inOh When the Saints come marching inOh lord I want to be in that numberWhen the Saints come marching in(Chorus)We are travelling the footstepsOf those who've gone beforeBut we'll all be reunitedOn a new and sunlit shore(Chorus)Some days in this world of troubleIs the only one we needBut I’m waiting for that morningwhen the new world is revealed(Chorus x2)''
External links
Official Facebook
Full Points Footy Profile
Sport in Darwin, Northern Territory
Australian rules football clubs in the Northern Territory
1952 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Mary%27s%20Football%20Club%20%28NTFL%29 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.