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Richard Samuel "Rick" Recht (born August 28, 1970) is an American rock musician who was one of the early pioneers of contemporary Jewish rock music in the early 2000s, performing for Jewish teenage and young adult audiences.
Career
Recht grew up in St. Louis, Missouri. By the late 1990s, he was a member of a band and worked as a song leader at a Jewish day camp in St. Louis.
By the early 2000s, Recht and his band were touring nationwide, delivering about 150 performances a year, included for an estimated audience of 30,000 people at the Los Angeles Jewish Festival in 2003.
In 2010, Recht founded Jewish Rock Radio, one of the first exclusively Jewish rock online radio stations in the United States.
Recht is the Artist-in-Residence at the United Hebrew Congregation in Chesterfield, Missouri, where he provides music for Shabbat, High Holidays, and other programming.
Works
Recht has released 10 studio albums of Jewish music, including two solo children's albums.
References
External links
Rick Recht official site
1970 births
American rock musicians
Living people
Jewish American musicians
Jewish rock musicians
Jewish folk singers
Musicians from St. Louis County, Missouri
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Recht |
Summit Preparatory Charter High School also known as Summit Prep, is a college preparatory and charter high school that was founded in 2003. Summit Prep is the first school founded by the charter management organization (CMO) Summit Public Schools, which has eight schools in the San Francisco Bay Area and three in Washington state. It is part of the Sequoia Union High School District.
Academics
Summit Prep follows the personalized, project-based learning curriculum known as Summit Learning. The typical class size is about 25 students or less to one teacher. Unlike many typical schools with an elective for one period a day, Summit spreads it throughout the school year. Called "Expeditions", it is now taken in two-week periods, which are broken up by six weeks of regular classes in between.
The school runs all students through same or very similar curricula, with all students taking a standardized curriculum and some students taking extra/alternative courses. 100% of Summit Prep graduates meet or exceed the University of California's A-G college entrance requirements. All Summit Prep students take 6 or more AP® courses and attempt at least one AP® exam by graduation. Also, all students take Spanish language courses during their four years.
Statistics
Demographics
2015-2016
412 students: 222 Male (53.9%), 190 Female (46.1%)
Awards and recognition
Year after year, Summit Prep is named one of America's Best High Schools by U.S. News & World Report and is awarded a gold medal for college readiness. For 2017, Summit Preparatory Charter High is ranked 21st within California, and the AP® participation rate 100 percent. The student body makeup is 51 percent male and 49 percent female, and the total minority enrollment is 75 percent. Summit Prep was also named one of America's Most Challenging High Schools by the Washington Post for 2017.
Summit Prep was listed as the #132 high school in the country in Newsweek'''s 2011 America's Best Public High Schools and among the top three in Northern California. Newsweek counted Summit among the 10 Miracle High Schools for "taking students at all skill levels, from all strata, and turning out uniformly qualified graduates."
Summit Prep was named in the top 100 public high schools in the US and top 10 public high schools in California in the 2010 Newsweek'' ranking. It is one of five schools to which families are applying in the 2010 documentary Waiting for Superman.
See also
San Mateo County high schools
References
External links
Summit Preparatory Charter High School Athletics Official Website
Educational institutions established in 2003
High schools in San Mateo County, California
Charter high schools in California
Education in Redwood City, California
2003 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit%20Preparatory%20Charter%20High%20School |
Kenny (also known as The Kid Brother) is a 1988 film featuring Kenny Easterday in a semi-autobiographical role.
Plot
The film follows how 13-year-old Kenny, his family and neighborhood deal with the intrusion of a French-speaking Quebec crew filming a documentary about Kenny's adaptation to his unusual congenital condition, the absence of his pelvis and legs. It was filmed in the Pittsburgh suburb of West Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, United States.
Cast
Kenny Easterday as Kenny
Caitlin Clarke as Sharon
Liane Curtis as Sharon Kay
Zach Grenier as Jesse
Jesse Easterday, Jr. as Eddy
Bingo O'Malley as Mr. Nilan
Awards and nominations
Kenny won the Special Jury Prize at the Paris Film Festival (1988), Grand Prix des Amériques at the Montreal World Film Festival (1987), and UNICEF Award - Honorable Mention and C.I.F.E.J. Award at the Berlin International Film Festival (1988).
References
External links
1980s teen drama films
1988 films
American teen drama films
1980s English-language films
Films about amputees
Films about brothers
Films about children
Films about disability
Films about families
Films about runaways
Films about siblings
Films set in Pittsburgh
Films directed by Claude Gagnon
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny%20%281988%20film%29 |
Camp Tel Noar is a Jewish summer camp for children ages 7 through 16. It is located in Hampstead, New Hampshire, in the United States, which is about 1 hour north of Boston. The camp sits on Sunset Lake (Wash Pond) and has about 275 campers.
History
Camp Tel Noar (CTN) was founded by Eli and Bessie Cohen in 1945 as a Zionist camp. For many years, the camp was operated as the Tel Noar Lodge, a Zionist camp for teens and young adults. Camp Tel Noar is currently a Jewish youth camp for children age 7 to 16. Tel Noar operates alongside its sister camps in the Cohen foundation, Tevya and Pembroke.
Age groups
Olim/Olot - Campers entering grades 4, 5
Tzofim/Tzofot - Campers entering grades 6, 7, 8
Bogrim/Bogrot - Campers entering grades 9, 10
Facilities
Buildings
Buildings include the Dining Hall, Gymnasium, Recreation Hall, Health Center, Arts and Crafts building, Nature building, and Main Office.
1998 fire
During March 1998, a fire was caused by the roofing company working on the dining hall in the winter. The fire destroyed the dining hall and kitchen. For the summer of 1998, the camp rented trailers that could be used as a dining hall and kitchen.
Areas of camp
The Big Diamond is the softball field directly in front of the dining hall.
The Dell is near A&C, which is used primarily for soccer.
The Archery Range is located at the top of the Dell Hill.
The New Diamond, a multipurpose sports field, is located behind the bunks.
The Chapel is located at the back end of the Dell and is used only for Friday and Saturday Shabbat services.
The area around the Flagpole is used for lineup and raising the flags.
The Ropes Course is located behind the New Diamond and is used for adventure programming.
The George Marcus Aquatics Center is used for swim instruction and all swim classes.
George Marcus Aquatics Center
In October, 2010, work began on a state-of-the-art pool and bathhouse. The pool took the place of the Upper Courts, a multi-use basketball and street-hockey court. The Aquatics Center was finished in June 2011, and was ready for the 2011 Camp Season. The facility is dedicated in memory of George Marcus, longtime former director of Camp Tel Noar. The pool was officially dedicated on June 25, 2011, four days before the 2011 Camp Opening Day. For the 2013 Summer season, the final phase of the George Marcus Aquatics Center project was completed. The former volleyball court in the dell was razed and replaced by a modern, multi-use basketball and volleyball court.
Activities
Water sports: Swimming, boating and canoeing, windsurfing, sailing, waterskiing, wakeboarding, and kneeboarding.
Land activities: aerobics, basketball, field hockey, lacrosse, martial arts, fitness and conditioning, soccer, softball, street hockey, Newcomb, ultimate Frisbee, volleyball, tennis, archery, kickball, golf, and badminton.
Arts: arts and crafts, photography, videography, dance, drama, and music.
Nature: nature, camping, animal care, and outdoor cooking.
Schedule
Camp Tel Noar only operates in the summer months of June, July, and August. The campers arrive on the last Wednesday of June and leave seven weeks from there. Staff are required to arrive one week early for orientation. During the year, the facility is closed to the public, but the dining hall is used for the Federation of Jewish Men's Clubs' Laymen's Institute and local events.
Sunday through Friday, a six period schedule is run and on Saturday, a relaxed Shabbat schedule is run.
References
External links
Camp Tel Noar official website
Camp Tevya (co-ed sister camp)
Eli & Bessie Cohen Foundation - Camp Tel Noar
Tel Noar
Tel Noar
Buildings and structures in Rockingham County, New Hampshire
Hampstead, New Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Tel%20Noar |
Antopal or Antopol (; ; ; ; ) is an urban-type settlement in Drahichyn District, Brest Region, Belarus. It is located near the towns of Kobryn and Brest. As of 2023, it has a population of 1,449.
Antopol is situated in the Polesian Lowland near the river Pripyat which flows into the Dnieper River. The Polesian Plain is a region of lakes and moors, well suited for agriculture. It changed hands frequently between Poland and Russia. Between the two world wars, western Polesia was part of the Kresy region of Poland.
Jews in Antopal
According to Encyclopaedia Judaica published during the Cold War, Jews were already living in Polesia in the 14th century. They settled in Antopal in the middle of the 17th century. The town has an old Jewish cemetery and a bathhouse. During the Swedish occupation (1701–06) many Antopal Jews were killed. On the road to the town there are rows of Jewish graves, called "The Swedes." Two emissaries from Jerusalem visited Antopal in the 1880s and mentioned the Jewish community in their records. In 1847, there were 1,108 Jews in Antopal, and in 1897 about 3,140, out of a total population of 3,870.
From time to time, fires broke out in the town. In 1869, nearly the entire town burned down but was then rebuilt. Before World War II, the town had five Jewish study halls (batei midrash) and also a Hassidic prayer hall (shtibl). The old synagogue burned down during World War I, and a new synagogue was built in its place.
The presiding judges of Antopal and the nearby town of Horodoff were Rabbi Haim S. Zalman Bressler, Rabbi Pinkas Michalek and Rabbi Mordechaie Wizel Rosenblatt. Rabbi Moshe Neeman Akiva of Antopal went to Israel and survived the Safed riots of 1834.
Like many other Polesian Jews, those living in Antopal made a living from agriculture. They were landowners and leaseholders, growing corn and potatoes, and also had vegetable gardens. Peasants living in the vicinity worked for Jewish farmers. Agricultural cooperatives were founded in Antopal. Before World War I, there were 21 Jewish farms in Antopal. After the war, the economic situation of the Jewish farmers worsened and they received assistance from the J.C.A.
Several famous Americans are descended from Antopal residents; for example, Metropolitan Opera singer Roberta Peters and fiction writer Molly Antopol, author of The UnAmericans (Jewish Colonisation Association). Stephen Miller also descends from an Antopal family.
20th century
Jews were active in fattening geese, and imported sickles and scythes from Vienna. Many Jews were carters and hawkers. After Poland's return to independence between the two world wars, Antopol was assigned to Polesie Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic, remaining a part of it until the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. Bus service was introduced in 1925; connecting Antopol with Kobryn, thereby advancing further development of commerce in the town. In 1921, the town had 1,792 Jews, over 80% of the population of 2,206. In 1935, a new power station was built. A pharmacy opened. There was a dental clinic and two physicians, one of whom was a family doctor. At that time, many of the community's young people emigrated.
Soon after the invasion of Poland at the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, an influx of Jews from the German-occupied western part of Poland led to a rapid swelling of the number of Jews living in Antopol, their population growing to 2,300 out of a total population of 3,000. The area was controlled by the Soviet Union for two years. The Soviet administration requisitioned houses, mainly Jewish. Names of streets were changed: Zamkowa became Revolutionary Street and so on. All businesses were nationalized by the Soviet regime. The Germans captured the town during the 1941 Operation Barbarossa. Antopal was under German occupation from 25 June 1941 to 16 July 1944. The Jews were deported to a ghetto from which they were taken to a killing site at Bronna Góra. The ghetto liquidation 'Aktion' that started on October 15, 1942, lasted for four days, until all Jews living in the Antopol Ghetto were killed.
References
External links
Antopal (1972), "Antopol". Yizkor Book by Herschel Burston, Tel-Aviv, 494 pages of scanned document. (English)
Populated places in Brest Region
Drahichyn District
Urban-type settlements in Belarus
Historic Jewish communities in Belarus
Brest Litovsk Voivodeship
Kobrinsky Uyezd
Polesie Voivodeship
Holocaust locations in Belarus
Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antopal |
Roman I may refer to:
Roman I of Kiev (died in 1180)
Roman I of Moldavia (Voivode of Moldavia from 1391 to 1394) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20I |
"White Lines (Don't Don't Do It)" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Melle Mel, released as a 12" in 1983 on Sugar Hill Records. The song, which warns against the dangers of cocaine, addiction, and drug smuggling, is one of Mel's signature tracks. The bassline is taken from a performance of the Sugar Hill house band (featuring bassist Doug Wimbish) covering "Cavern", a single by New York City band Liquid Liquid.
Overview
When originally released on Sugar Hill Records, the record was credited to Grandmaster & Melle Mel (some international issues carried the credit Grandmaster Flash & Melle Mel). By this time, Grandmaster Flash had already stopped touring with Mel and was suing Sugar Hill Records for back royalties. The animosity between the two artists continued well into the future.
"White Lines" peaked at No. 47 on the Billboard Hot Black Singles chart in 1983. The song fared better in the United Kingdom, reaching number 7 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1984, spending 17 consecutive weeks in the top 40. It was the 13th best-selling single of 1984 in the UK, selling more than several number one hits that year.
The song was co-written by Melle Mel and Sylvia Robinson. Originally, it was intended to be an ironic celebration of a cocaine-fueled party lifestyle, but it was abridged with the "don't do it" message as a concession to commercial considerations.
The lines "A businessman is caught with 24 kilos / He's out on bail and out of jail and that's the way it goes" refers to car manufacturer John DeLorean, who in 1982 became entrapped in a scheme to save his company from bankruptcy using drug money. Some of the lyrics in "White Lines" ("something like a phenomenon") echoed lyrics from the song "Cavern" by Liquid Liquid ("slip in and out of phenomenon"), in addition to the note-by-note appropriation of the bass line from "Cavern" with a rapping track overlaid. Sugar Hill did not get proper clearance to use "Cavern," resulting in years of lawsuits, ultimately in Liquid Liquid's favor. As a result of the $600,000 judgment against Sugar Hill, the label declared bankruptcy to circumvent paying the judgment.
An unofficial music video was directed by Spike Lee, then a New York University film student, and starred actor Laurence Fishburne.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Duran Duran version
A cover version of "White Lines" featuring performances from Grandmaster Flash and Melle Mel was released as the second single from English new wave band Duran Duran's eighth studio album, Thank You (1995), in March 1995. The single reached No. 17 on the UK Singles Chart, No. 5 on the US Dance Club Songs chart, No. 20 in Australia and No. 31 in New Zealand. The band continues to perform the song as a regular part of their live set.
This single had more promo releases than most bands have releases, and across this myriad of 12" and CD singles the band released more than 20 distinct remixes and edits of "White Lines", many of which were crafted by DJ Junior Vasquez. Apart from the singles and the Thank You album, the song also appeared as a B-side on the first single from the album, "Perfect Day".
A black and white music video was shot in January 1995 by Nick Egan, featuring Duran Duran, Melle Mel, and the Furious Five performing the song accompanied by breakdancers and people in skeleton masks.
On July 8, 2009, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson did a lip sync version of the Duran Duran cover featuring puppets on backing vocals.
Critical reception
Steve Baltin from Cash Box wrote, "England's favorite former pretty boys have taken to the streets for the first single from their long-in-the-works album of covers entitled Thank You. To lend validity to the song the group, now a quartet, enlisted Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five as well as Melle Mel to lend background vocals. While the combination may sound frightening, the song has already picked up major adds at Modern Rock, and following the success of their last album, should also get Top 40 airplay." Dave Sholin from the Gavin Report felt that "at first this Grandmaster Flash classic and Duran Duran seem like an unlikely pairing, but it won't after you hear the finished work. This first release from an album of covers [...] is an exceptional effort."
Charts
Release history
References
External links
Group's Official Website
The Kidd Creole's Official Website
1983 songs
1983 singles
1995 singles
American hip hop songs
Capitol Records singles
EMI Records singles
Music videos directed by Spike Lee
Songs involved in plagiarism controversies
Songs about cocaine
Songs about crime
Songs written by Sylvia Robinson
Songs written by Melle Mel
Sugar Hill Records (Hip-Hop label) singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Lines%20%28Don%27t%20Don%27t%20Do%20It%29 |
A Buyer's Market is the second novel in Anthony Powell's twelve-novel series A Dance to the Music of Time. Published in 1952, it continues the story of narrator Nick Jenkins with his introduction into society after boarding school and university.
The book presents new characters, notably the painter Mr. Deacon, female acquaintance Gypsy Jones and artist Ralph Barnby, as well as reappearances by Jenkins' school friends Peter Templer, Charles Stringham and Kenneth Widmerpool. The action takes place in London high society in the late 1920s. At a dinner party there is discussion of the Earl Haig statue.
After the dinner party Jenkins and Widmerpool meet Mr. Deacon and Gypsy Jones and Charles Stringham at a coffee stall on the street. The group then goes together to a party at the home of Milly Andriadis.
At the party Nick meets his former professor, Sillery, and observes industrialist Magnus Donners. Prince Theodoric, Baby Wentworth and Bijou Ardglass are also at the party.
In the summer Nick visits the castle of industrialist Donners, who employs both Stringham and Widmerpool.
A Buyer's Market is dedicated to Sir Osbert Lancaster and first wife, Karen.
References
1952 British novels
Novels by Anthony Powell
A Dance to the Music of Time
Fiction set in 1928
Fiction set in 1929
Novels set in London
Heinemann (publisher) books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Buyer%27s%20Market |
David Macfarlane (born 1952 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian journalist, playwright and novelist.
His debut novel, 1999's Summer Gone, was shortlisted for the Giller Prize and was a winner of the Books in Canada First Novel Award.
His Newfoundland family memoir, "The Danger Tree," (published as Come From Away in the US) published in 1991, was greeted with extraordinary international acclaim.
His most recent novel, "The Figures of Beauty," published in 2013, won the Bressani Literary Prize. It was described by the Wall Street Journal as "a moving tale of love, fate, and regret."
David Macfarlane's magazine and newspaper writing has earned him a National Newspaper Award and numerous National Magazine Awards.
His play, "Fishwrap," premiered at the Tarragon Theatre in Toronto.
His musical portrait of the city in which he lives, "The Toronto Suite," was performed by the Via Salzburg Ensemble at the Glenn Gould Theatre.
In collaboration with musician Douglas Cameron, Macfarlane has co-created "The Door You Came In" – a two-man performance of music and text based on the stories of The Danger Tree.
Macfarlane was employed as an arts columnist for The Globe and Mail until 2003.
Works
The Danger Tree (1991)
Summer Gone (1999)
in German, transl. Almuth Carstens: Der verlorene Sommer. Goldmann, Munich 2002
The Figures of Beauty (2013)
Fishwrap (2005)
References
1952 births
Canadian male novelists
Canadian columnists
20th-century Canadian memoirists
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian novelists
Living people
Writers from Hamilton, Ontario
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Amazon.ca First Novel Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Macfarlane |
Concor Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. is a South African construction and mining services company. It is active throughout Southern Africa, involved in civil engineering, buildings, roads and mining projects. Concor returned as an independent brand in late 2016.
Company history
Origin
Dr F. Piccini, the original founder of Construction Corporation, registered the company in Johannesburg on 28 April 1948. The other four founding members were M. Barnabo, B. Chiozzi, U. Mantelli and V. Cini. The original name Construction Corporation was finally shortened to CONCOR. Dr Piccinni was originally a chairman of Ferrocemento, an Italian construction giant and the emerging Concor received its technical support initially from there.
Initial projects
The company's first major project was the construction of the Rand Sports Stadium in Johannesburg followed by contracts for the Pretoria and Johannesburg power stations. Another initial project was the Storms River bridge which was designed by Dr. Riccardo Morandi of Rome, this bridge was for many years the highest and longest single span bridge in South Africa.
Structure
By the early 2000s, Concor consisted of the following divisions:
Concor Buildings,
Concor Civils,
Concor Mining,
Concor Engineering, 2010: Fabricated the tallest tank in southern hemisphere commissioned for Sasol Secunda at its Benzene Reduction Project, standing at 47.54m.
Concor Technicrete,
Concor Facility Management,
Concor Property Development and
Concor Roads.
Concor was listed on the JSE Securities Exchange and, for the year ended June 2005, Concor's last year as a listed company, had an annual turnover of 1.6 billion Rand.
Relationship with Hochtief
By the early 2000s, the German international construction group Hochtief owned just under 50% of Concors shares providing the company with the benefits of technology transfer.
Purchased by Murray & Roberts
Concor Holdings was delisted on 30 June 2006 when 100% of its share capital was purchased by Murray & Roberts. It changed its name when it merged with Murray and Roberts Construction (Pty) Ltd. Whilst under the control of Murray & Roberts, Concor Facility Management and Concor Property Development was closed whilst Concor Roads was merged with Concor Civils. Concor Technicrete was sold as a going concern.
Purchased by Consortium
The Concor and Murray and Roberts construction divisions were sold to a black owned consortium, consisting of the PIC and SPG in late 2016 and renamed Concor in May 2017. Concor is now certified a Level 1 BEE Company. The current CEO is Queen Mokulubete-Manyadu.
Current operating divisions in the Group
Concor Infrastructure (Roads, bridges, waste water systems, dams, harbours, pipelines, power stations)
Concor Buildings (Industrial, commercial, residential and office buildings)
Concor Western Cape (Industrial, commercial, residential and office buildings)
Concor Botswana (Industrial, commercial and office buildings)
Concor Opencast (Contract mining)
Concor Plant (Heavy plant maintenance and hire)
Concor Developments
Dynamic Concrete Namibia
Innovation and Patents
Concor has several patents registered for its activities:
ZA8405461B Shuttering improvements
ZA8108855B Min support sub uniting
ZA8007094B Dumper vehicles and bodies
GB2013823A Apparatus for burying pipelines, cables etc
ZA7403626B Structural element
ZA7307135B Flexible lining
ZA7004129B Improvements in or relating to paving blocks
ZA7004128B Improvements in paving blocks
Timeline of notable construction projects
Some of Concors' projects include:
1950s
1952: High Level Reservoir, VanderbiljPark, South Africa.
1952: Vals River Bridge, Bothaville, South Africa.
1953: Sand River Bridge, Virginia, South Africa.
1953–1956: Storms River bridge, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
1954: Orlando Power Station, Johannesburg, South Africa.
1954: Salt River Bridge, Cape Town, South Africa.
1954: Railway Bridge over Sand River, Virginia, South Africa.
1955: Taaiboshspruit Bridge, South Africa.
1955: Natalspruit Bridge, South Africa.
1955: Railway Bridge over Great Fish River, South Africa.
1956: Vetrivier Bridge, South Africa.
1957: Pipeline and Jetty, Lourenco Marques, Mozambique.
1958: Umsindusi River Bridge, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
1958: Railway Bridge, Congella, Durban, South Africa.
1958: Arch Bridge over Vaal River, Standerton, South Africa.
1960s
1960: Hertzog Boulevard, Cape Town, South Africa.
1961–1963: Kyle/Lake Mutirikwe and Bangala Dams, Masvingo, Zimbabwe.
1963: SASOL 1 Chimney, Sasolburg, South Africa.
1963: Braamfontein Bridge, Johannesburg, South Africa.
1966: Amatikulu River Bridge, Natal, South Africa.
1966: Broadway Flyover, Durban, South Africa.
1967: Sabie Bypass, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
1967: Reduction Plant, East Driefontein, South Africa.
1967: Bridle Drift Dam, East London, South Africa.
1968: Umfolozi River Rail Bridge, KZN, South Africa.
1968: Arnot Power Station, Cooling Towers, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
1966–1969: Fox Street Hanging Building, Standard Bank Center, Johannesburg, South Africa. LCB Concortium. o
1970s
1970s: Phalaborwa Copper Mine development, Limpopo, South Africa.
1970s–1990s: Multiple Concrete Headgears for various mining clients, Botswana, Zambia and South Africa.
1970–1973: Naute Dam, ǁKaras Region, Namibia.
1971 Ovamboland Canal, Namibia.
1971 Soweto Motorway, Johannesburg, South Africa.
1972 Paved aprons, Durban International Airport, South Africa.
1972 Meyershill reservoir, Johannesburg, South Africa.
1973 Crown Interchange, Johannesburg, South Africa.
1976: Matla Power Station, Concrete slides of ACC and Boiler house lift shafts, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
1978: Gouritz River Bridge, 270 m, 4 span structure with diagonal reinforced struts, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
1978 Tailings Dams, Anglo American, Welkom, South Africa.
1979 Sulphur Recovery Plant, SASOL 2, Linde, South Africa.
1979–1981: Sasol 3 steam plant with 300-metre high chimney, South Africa. Chimney and first boiler were commissioned in 1981.
1980s
1980–1983: Bloukrans River arch-bridge, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
1980–1984: Steam Plants for Sasol 2 and 3, Secunda, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
1982: Majes Irrigation Project, Peru,
1983: Majuba Power Station, Boiler House and ACC concrete slides, main civils, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
1983: Bobbejaans River Bridge, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
1984: Hawane Dam, Swaziland.
1984: Thabina Dam, Limpopo, South Africa.
1984–1988: 4 Kilometre long road Huguenot Tunnel, Western Cape, South Africa.
1984–1988: Hugos Valley Viaduct, Western Cape, South Africa.
1985–1988: Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa.
1986: Usutu Pulp Mill, Swaziland.
1989-1990: American Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa.
1990s
1993: Pavilion Mall, Durban, South Africa.
1994: Sanlam Forum Building, C/o Church and Queen Streets, Pretoria, South Africa.
1998: Injaka Bridge, collapsed during construction, but eventually completed.
1988 - 1989: Reserve Bank, 37 story skyscraper, first flushed-glazed building in the southern hemisphere, Pretoria, South Africa.
1991 - 1992: Wanderers Cricket Stadium rebuild, Johannesburg, South Africa.
1988 - 1993: Matimba Power Station, main civils, Lephalale, Limpopo, South Africa.
1993 - 1996: Katse Dam, Lesotho, JV with Hochtief
1998: Mozal Aluminium Smelter, Maputo, Mozambique.
1999: Debswana Orapa Mine Expansion, Francistown, Botswana.
2000s
2000: Impala Platinum Shaft 14 development, multi-blast ventilation facilities, overland rock conveyor, upgrading of hoisting facilities, surface ore transfer silos, Rustenburg, South Africa.
2000 - 2002: National Bank of Dubai, UAE.
2000: Kutama Sinthumule Correctional Centre, Makhado, South Africa.
2000: Cape Town and Johannesburg International Airports radar towers. (31 and 54 m each)
2001: OR Tambo International Airport, Charlie Taxiway, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2001: Bakwena Platinum Highway, 380 kilometer upgrade of N1 and N4 highways.
2002-2001: Gold Reef City, main complex, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2002: Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) Johannesburg International Domestic Terminal, (AC Consortium).
2002–2004: Katima Mulilo Bridge, between Namibia and Zambia
2002–2009: Port of Ngqura, Coega, new port construction consisting of: eastern breakwater, 2.7 km in length extending into Algoa Bay to a maximum water depth of 18 metres. A secondary western breakwater 1.125 km in length to a water depth of 15m. Five berths, 1,800m of quay wall – two for containers, two for dry bulk and breakbulk cargo and one for liquid bulk cargo. JV with Hochtief, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
2007—2012: Port of Ngqura, Container Terminal, civil works phase 2, Coega, extension of container terminal and quay walls to make provision for two more ship berths. JV with Hochtief, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
2004: World Trade Centre, Manama, Bahrain.
2005: Lusip Dam, Swaziland.
2005: Debswana Diamond Sorting Centre, Gaborone, Botswana.
2005–2007: Durban Harbour Tunnel, 515m service tunnel underneath Durban Harbour entrance. JV with Hochtief, Durban, South Africa.
2006-2008: Sandton Holiday Inn, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2007-2009: PPC Hercules: Bulk cement and clinker silos.
2007: Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls, Henley on Klip, Gauteng, South Africa.
2007–2014: Ingula Power Station, bulk earthworks and civils of Bedford and Braamhoek storage dams, South Africa.
2008: P.G. Bison Particleboard facility, Uigie, South Africa.
2008: Sishen Iron Ore Mine Expansion Project, Northern Cape, South Africa.
2008–2014: Medupi Power Station Chimneys contract. Two way joint venture with Kareena Africa, Limpopo, South Africa.
2008–2015: Kusile Power Station Chimneys contract. Two way joint venture with Kareena Africa, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
2008:Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency Head Office, Halls Gateway, Mbombela, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
2009:Gathemann/Mutual Tower, 20 story green building, Windhoek, Namibia.
2009: Vaal River Eastern Subsystem Augmentation Project (Vresap), 121 kilometre water catchment transfer pipeline, Free State to Gauteng, South Africa.
2009: Bulk Diamond Clearing Centre, Gaborone, Botswana.
2009: Gateway Mall, Athlone, Cape Town, South Africa.
2008-2009: Department of Foreign Affairs, new ministry head office, Pretoria, South Africa.
2008: British Consulate, Harare, Zimbabwe.
2008–present: Medupi Power Station Main civils contract. Three way joint venture with Aveng and Murray and Roberts, Limpopo, South Africa.
2010s
2010: Assmang Ore Heavy Rail Loop, Northern Cape, South Africa.
2011: Kolomela Mine Expansion Project: 36 km Sishen-Saldanha rail connection.
2012 Ruacana Power Station, 4th turbine main civils, Namibia.
2012: City Deep Container Terminal, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2012: Lanseria Bulk-water Reservoir, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2012–2014: Portside Building. 5 Star Green Building, Cape Town, South Africa.
2012: Lanseria Reservoir, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2013: Driefontein Waste Water Treatment Works, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2013 - 2014: The Grove Mall, Windhoek, Namibia.
2014: 102 Rivonia. 4 Star Green Building, Sandton, South Africa.
2014: Al Raha beach luxury apartments, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
2014: Lesedi Solar Power Station, Bulk earthworks and civils, South Africa.
2014: GCIS Tshedimosetso House, 4 Star Green Building, Pretoria, South Africa.
2014: Venetia Diamond Mine, underground development, Limpopo, South Africa.
2014–2015: Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
2014: N4 Middleburg Highway upgrade, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
2014: Baywest Mall, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
2015–2017: Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge
2015–present: Mogalakwena Tailings Facility, Northern Limpopo, South Africa.
2015–2016: De Aar Wind Farm, Northern Cape, South Africa.
2016: Tsogo Sun Hotel, Western Cape, South Africa.
2016–2017: Menlyn Park Mall Rebuild. 4 Star Green Building, biggest mall by lettable floor space in South Africa,
2016–2017: R72 Highway between Port Alfred and Fish River, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
2016–2017: BCX Centurion. Green Building, Pretoria, South Africa.
2016–2017: Century City Urban Square, 4 Star Green Building, Cape Town, South Africa.
2016–2017: Embassy Towers, Sandton, South Africa.
2017-2018: Skukuza Safari Lodge, Kruger National Park, South Africa.
2017: Radisson Blu Hotel Cape Town, South Africa.
2017–2019: Khobab Wind Farm, Northern Cape, South Africa.
2017–present: Belfast Coal Mine, Middelbug, South Africa. Construction of 4 major dams, 26 concrete platforms and terraces, 37 internal roads, and upgrade of adjacent provincial roads
2017–present: Mtunzini National Road Upgrade, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa.
2017–present: Load and Haul, Zwartfontein Pit, Mogalakwena Platinum Mine, Limpopo, South Africa.
2018–2020: 16 on Bree, Tallest residential building in Cape Town, South Africa.
2018–present: Kangans Wind Farm, 140 MW situated 52 km east of Springbok, Northern Cape, South Africa.
2018–2019: Perdekraal Wind Farm, 110 MW 80 km northeast of Ceres, Western Cape, South Africa.
2018–2020: Golden Valley Wind Farm, 120 MW, near the town of Bedford, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
2019–present: Msikaba Bridge, 580m cable-stay main span bridge, near Lusikisiki, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
2019–2021: Roggeveld Wind Farm, 147 MW near Laingsburg, Northern Cape, South Africa.
2020s
2020: Excelsior Wind Farm, Western Cape, South Africa.
2020-2021: MeerKAT Extension Project, Carnavon, Northern Cape, South Africa.
2020-2022: Oxford Parks Multi 5 and 6 star Green Building precinct, Dunkeld, South Africa.
2022: Ikusasa, 6 Star Green Building, Rosebank, South Africa.
2023: Phezokumoya Wind Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
2023: Sankraal Wind Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Gallery of other projects involving Concor
References
Construction and civil engineering companies of South Africa
Companies based in Johannesburg
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1948
South African companies established in 1948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concor |
Wang Meng (; born April 10, 1985, in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang) is a Chinese short track speed skater. She is a four-time Olympic Champion and 2008 and 2009 Overall World Champion. She is the most decorated Chinese Winter Olympic athlete ever with four Olympic gold medals, a silver and a bronze. Wang won gold in the 500 m event, silver in the 1000 m and bronze in the 1500 m event at the 2006 Winter Olympics. She won 500 m and 1000 m gold medals at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics and added a third gold medal in the 3000 m relay with the China team. Wang has also won 18 gold medals at the World Championships. She is one of the most decorated short track speed skaters of all time.
Early life
Wang Meng started short track speed skating in 1994, when she was nine. In 1998 she entered Heilongjiang Provincial Sports School, which is affiliated of Harbin Institute of Physical Education. She graduated from Harbin Institute of Physical Education.
2010 Winter Olympics
Wang was considered a strong contender for all short track speed skating events at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She won the gold medal in the 500 m event in which she had previously been dominant and was considered to be the favorite to win. She set three Olympic records in the 500 m heats, while in the finals she led from start to finish accumulating a huge lead ahead of all other competitors. In the 1,500 m race, she failed to finish after having lost her footing and crashing into the barricades. However, she came back to win the 3,000 m relay with the Chinese team and the 1,000 m solo race. She ended up snatching three gold medals, which makes her the most successful Winter Olympian ever for China.
Conflict with the team manager
On 24 July 2011, Wang Meng had a physical conflict with the team manager Wang Chunlu at the hotel in the Qingdao training camp. In the scuffle her arm was injured and she had to be taken to a hospital. There was a lot of speculation in the media as to what had really happened, but both sides involved provided very different stories, which makes the truth unclear to this day.
Ten days after the incident, on 4 August 2011, Wang Meng was expelled from the national short track speed skating team and the same applied to her teammate Liu Xianwei, who actively supported Wang during those ten days. The team manager, Wang Chunlu, was moved to another position, and Liu Hao became the new team manager.
2014 Winter Olympics
On 16 January 2014, Wang collided with a teammate while training in Shanghai for the 2014 Winter Olympics. She broke her ankle, which required surgery and a recovery period of at least six months. She missed the Olympics as a result.
International Competition Podiums
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Chinese female speed skaters
Chinese female short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for China
Olympic medalists in short track speed skating
Olympic bronze medalists for China
Olympic silver medalists for China
Olympic gold medalists for China
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Asian Games medalists in short track speed skating
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Asian Games silver medalists for China
Asian Games bronze medalists for China
Short track speed skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Short track speed skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
People from Qitaihe
Sportspeople from Heilongjiang
Participants in Chinese reality television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang%20Meng%20%28speed%20skater%29 |
The Argentine Workers' Central Union (, CTA) is a trade-union federation in Argentina. Its general secretary is Hugo Yasky. It was formed in 1991 when a number of trade unions disaffiliated from the General Confederation of Labour.
Though the CTA is a multi-tendency organization, it is led by unionists with a kirchnerist viewpoint. There are also peronist, communist and trotskyist minorities.
History
The most important union confederation that inhabits the CTA is that of the CTERA teachers.
The Workers' CTA is aligned with Kirchnerism and its leader is the teacher Hugo Yasky.
CTA was born in 1992 to confront the trade unionism that was aligned with the Menemism around the CGT, the Peronist labor union.
Its main founders were two unions (the state unions of ATE and the teachers of CTERA) that at that time showed more disagreement with the dialogue and support position that the majority of the Peronist unionists took.
Later, the CTA ended up being divided into two slopes, the Workers' CTA and the Autonomous CTA. The most numerous is that of the Workers, who always supported Cristina Kirchner and in which her most powerful base union is the SUTEBA, led by teacher Roberto Baradel.
References
External links
Official web site
National trade union centers of Argentina
Trade unions established in 1991
1991 establishments in Argentina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine%20Workers%27%20Central%20Union |
Henry Page Croft, 1st Baron Croft (22 June 1881 – 7 December 1947) was a decorated British soldier and Conservative Party politician.
Early life and family
He was born at Fanhams Hall in Ware, Hertfordshire, England. He was the son of Richard Benyon Croft (1843 – 1912) a naval officer and a major benefactor of the Richard Hale School, and Anne Elizabeth (1843 – 1921). His father held the office of High Sheriff of Hertfordshire in 1892. He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) of Hertfordshire and held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.) for Hertfordshire.
He was the grandson of Reverend Richard Croft, rector at Hillingdon, Middlesex, England, and Charlotte Leonora Russell. He was the great-grandson of Dr. Sir Richard Croft, 6th Baronet and Margaret Denman, daughter of Dr. Thomas Denman and Elizabeth Brodie and the sister of Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman who became Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.
His mother was the daughter of Henry Page of Ware, Hertfordshire, England. He was an astute businessman and had built up a very prosperous grain trade and a maltster business. Henry Page left his considerable fortune including Fanhams Hall, a large country house and estate located in Ware, to his daughter Anne and her husband, Richard.
Education
He was educated first at Eton, until the death of his housemaster, then at Shrewsbury and finally at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he was a Volunteer and an oarsman. Upon leaving Cambridge, Croft joined the family business.
Member of Parliament
He became an active participant of the 'Confederacy' of young gentry Chamberlainites who organised a Protectionist movement in Hertfordshire. In the general election of 1906 Croft stood at Lincoln against a Conservative Free Trader but failed to win the seat. In January 1910 however he was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Christchurch as an anti-German Protectionist. His contribution to the tariff reform campaign before the Great War has been described as "immense". In protest against what he perceived as the reactionary policy of Conservative leader Arthur Balfour, Croft founded the Reveille, a group that campaigned for imperialism and social reform.
In the House of Commons he was a prominent advocate of food taxation, Imperial Preference and as a supporter of Ulster against Home Rule. Croft was with Viscount Castlereagh at Mount Stewart when Ulster prepared for war in 1914. When the First World War broke out he went to France with his territorial battalion of the Hertfordshire Regiment. In 1915 he was the first territorial to command a brigade in the field but his reports to politicians back home about the conduct of his commanders aroused controversy and so in 1916 he was recalled, where he returned to the Commons.
In co-operation with Sir Richard Cooper, because of what they perceived as the "discrediting of the old party system", they founded the National Party in September 1917. They were also angered at the bestowal of honours on those they believed did not deserve them and that hundreds of enemy aliens should be at liberty in Britain when they were possibly endangering British soldiers' lives by passing information to the enemy. The National Party aimed for: "Complete victory in the war and after the war"; robust diplomacy along with increased armaments; the "eradication of German influence"; ending the sale of honours; maximum production along with fair wages and fair profit; safeguarding of industry and agriculture; Empire unity through mutual and reciprocal aid in development of the natural resources of the Empire; a social policy that will ensure a "patriotic race"; and demobilization and reconstruction.
At the 1918 election Croft was elected as the National candidate for Bournemouth, a seat he would hold until 1940. In his autobiography Croft claimed that
We emerged from the world war in 1918 stronger than at any time in our history. On the sea our fleet was supreme and unchallengeable; we had a mighty army such as we had never possessed before; in the air our power had reached its zenith and was probably the largest, best manned and most finely equipped fighting force in that sphere. ... Great Britain ... proceeded to go "international" and our great country, which had been saved by the valour and patriotism of our people, was deliberately encouraged to rely for its safety upon a hotch-potch collection of small states embodied in what was never a world League of Nations but a League of some nations based not on defensive force but on pious resolutions which were endorsed by ceaseless chatter at many conferences.
In February 1919 Croft denounced H. H. Asquith, Reginald McKenna, Walter Runciman, Arthur Henderson and Ramsay MacDonald as "the worse type of pacifist cranks": "It is very delightful to have been able to mention their names in this House. These men...were not defeated at the polls but squelched. Why did they rally to the proposal? [i.e. the placing of conquered German colonies under League of Nations mandate]. Because they saw it was unnational". When Coalition Liberal MP Alexander Lyle-Samuel made a speech criticising reparations from Germany and supported the League of Nations, Croft claimed that although Lyle-Samuel sat for a Suffolk constituency, he might well sit for Wurtemburg or Bavaria in Germany. The Gladstonian liberal, R. B. McCallum, said Croft "was the authentic voice of triumphant, nationalist Toryism ... [he] represented the crude, philistine spirit of John Bullish nationalism. He was speaking for millions".
Along with Cooper, Croft was prominent in the campaign against the Prime Minister David Lloyd George in July 1922 for selling honours. In 1924, he was appointed a baronet in Stanley Baldwin's resignation honours.
Croft wrote articles for the National Review and doubted the effectiveness of the League of Nations. Croft was strongly opposed to the National Government's Government of India Act 1935, which granted further self-government to the British Raj, and joined Winston Churchill and the India Defence League in opposing the Act. Croft was also associated with Churchill in urging greater rearmament in face of the German threat. In June 1938 Croft wrote a series of articles for the Weekly Review, arguing for British re-armament. He also recognized that Nazi Germany would try to start a war after reading Mein Kampf. However, unlike Churchill, Croft supported the Munich Agreement, believing that the incorporation of the Sudetenland into Germany was inevitable and that Britain could not prevent it militarily due to insufficient British rearmament.
In 1936, Croft's independently minded daughter Diana married the German lawyer and painter Fred Uhlman, a clear misalliance in the eyes of Croft.
Under-Secretary of State for War
In 1940 Croft was ennobled, and appointed by Winston Churchill as Under-Secretary of State for War, a post he would hold until July 1945. Croft in his memoirs said of The Blitz: "Every class of Londoner responded defiantly to the long, long period of attack and from the Royal Family to the Coster or Dustman all vied in showing their contempt of danger and sustained each other through bomb raids, "doodles" and rockets to the end ... London is a grand city with a big heart".
Croft recognised the need to improve morale in the Army and wrote on 12 August 1940 of the need for education and entertainment to be provided to servicemen on a big scale: travelling cinemas, technical classes, correspondence courses, and morale-boosting stories of the Empire and regimental traditions. A Director of Education was appointed and by the winter of 1943–44 there were more than 110,000 courses, lectures and classes being provided.
On 4 February 1942 Croft said in the Lords:
There seems to be a feeling abroad that the rifle is essential as a weapon for all the Home Guard, and I should like to remind your Lordships that in the event of invasion in a great part of this country we shall be engaged in fighting of a close character. For instance, in the actual cities, towns and villages the opportunities for using hand grenades against enemy motor cyclists and infantry, and incendiary and high explosive grenades against vehicles of all descriptions will be immense. If every platoon had its trained sections of grenade throwers or bombers there is no doubt that operating from trenches or from windows or doorways, or suddenly emerging round houses and cottages, they would he able to inflict great casualties upon an advancing enemy. If I were organizing an attack—I am afraid this sounds rather absurd from one so aged as myself, but my noble friend Lord Mottistone, who I always feel is so much younger than many of us, would probably bear me out in this—I would rather have trained bombers for fighting in urban areas, and if a bombing attack could be swiftly followed up by cold steel, it would be most effective. If I were a bomber in such a formation—and I think I have thrown most types of bombs that have been used in the Army—I should like to have a pike in order to follow up my bombing attack, especially at night. It is a most effective and silent weapon.
The reporting of this in the press attracted ridicule and accusations that Croft was issuing pikes to the Home Guard and that he was "pike-minded". The Liberal Nationalist MP Sir Henry Fildes said in the Commons on 11 March:
Here lies a man who fought the Hun;He had a pike, the Hun a gun;When his time came to go aloft,Whom must he blame? The Hun or Croft?
To which Leo Amery wrote in reply:
Why blame poor Croft who through long yearsPreached lack of guns to unwilling ears?Blame rather in this hour of needThe foolish ears that would not heed.
In a speech at Watford during the 1945 general election campaign Croft called the Labour Party Chairman Harold Laski, who was Jewish, "that fine old English labour man". Churchill wrote to Croft on 20 June: "I see you used an expression in your speech the other day about Laski that he was "a fine representative of the old British working class", or words to that effect. Pray be careful, whatever the temptation, not to be drawn into any campaign that might be represented as anti-semitism".
Last years
Croft died in 1947 at the Middlesex Hospital, London.
Legacy
The Times said of Croft after he died:
By his unflagging zeal and faith in the British imperial heritage, he won for himself a distinctive place in political life. Staunch Conservative as he was, he placed service to the imperial ideal at least as high as party loyalty. This enthusiasm and a personality that was attractive as well as forcible made their influence felt in the House of Commons and on the platform. At every opportunity he advocated greater settlement by the British race in the Dominions and the strengthening of the bonds of Empire by every possible means, and he was a recognized if unofficial leader in Parliament of a group sharing his convictions and aspirations. One article in Croft's political creed which he proclaimed long before voluntary National Service was instituted in 1938–39 was that citizens should require the State for guaranteeing the rights of private ownership by engaging in some form of public activity. ... He was popular at the War Office and still much in request on the public platform, from which he could always put over a point effectively, though party politics suited his style and temperament better than the advocacy of the policy of a coalition. But he continued to sound the patriotic note convincingly, all the more so because he was a completely sincere patriot.
Writings
H. P. Croft, 'A citizen army', in Lord Malmesbury (ed.), The New Order: Studies in Unionist Policy (Francis Griffiths, 1908), pp. 255–268.
H. P. Croft, The Path of Empire (John Murray, 1912).
H. P. Croft, Twenty-Two Months Under Fire (John Murray, 1916).
H. P. Croft, The Crisis: How to Restore Prosperity (1931).
H. P. Croft, The Salvation of India (1933).
Sir Henry Page Croft, 1st Baron Croft, My Life of Strife (Hutchinson, 1948).
Notes
References
Paul Addison, The Road to 1945 (London: Pimlico, 1994).
Maurice Cowling, The Impact of Labour. 1920 – 1924 (Cambridge University Press, 1971).
Sir Henry Page Croft, 1st Baron Croft, My Life of Strife (Hutchinson, 1948).
R. B. McCallum, Public Opinion and the Last Peace (London: Oxford University Press, 1944).
Andrew S. Thompson, ‘Croft, Henry Page, first Baron Croft (1881–1947)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 12 May 2010.
Further reading
W. D. Rubinstein, 'Henry Page Croft and the National Party, 1917–22', Journal of Contemporary History, 9/1 (1974), pp. 129–48.
Larry Witherell, Rebel on the Right: Henry Page Croft and the Crisis of British Conservatism, 1903–1914 (University of Delaware Press, 1998).
External links
The Papers of Sir Henry Page Croft held at Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge
1881 births
1947 deaths
Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Hertfordshire Regiment officers
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945
People educated at Eton College
People educated at Shrewsbury School
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs who were granted peerages
War Office personnel in World War II
Ministers in the Churchill caretaker government, 1945
Barons created by George VI
British Army personnel of World War I
Military personnel from Hertfordshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Page%20Croft%2C%201st%20Baron%20Croft |
Nanaya (Sumerian , DNA.NA.A; also transcribed as "Nanāy", "Nanaja", "Nanāja", '"Nanāya", or "Nanai"; antiquated transcription: "Nanâ"; in Greek: Ναναια or Νανα; Aramaic: ננױננאױ; Syriac: ܢܢܝ) was a Mesopotamian goddess of love, closely associated with Inanna.
While she is well attested in Mesopotamian textual sources from many periods, from the times of the Third Dynasty of Ur to the conquest of Babylonia by the Achaemenids and beyond, and was among the most commonly worshipped goddesses through much of Mesopotamian history, both her origin and the meaning of her name are unknown. It has been proposed that she originated either as a minor Akkadian goddess or as a hypostasis of Sumerian Inanna, but the evidence is inconclusive.
Her primary role was that of a goddess of love, and she was associated with eroticism and sensuality, though she was also a patron of lovers, including rejected or betrayed ones. Especially in early scholarship she was often assumed to be a goddess of the planet Venus like Inanna, but this view is no longer supported by most Assyriologists.
In addition to Inanna, she could be associated with other deities connected either to love or to the city of Uruk, such as Ishara, Kanisurra or Uṣur-amāssu.
Name and origin
It is accepted in modern literature that "Nanaya" is more likely to be the correct form of the goddess' name than "Nana," sometimes used in past scholarship. The meaning of the name is unknown. Joan Goodnick Westenholz notes that based on the suffix it is most likely Akkadian in origin. She also considers the only possible forerunner of Nanaya to be a goddess whose name was written Na-na, without a divine determinative, known from a few personal names from the earliest records from the Gasur and Diyala areas. The land later known as Namri might be located particularly close to the metaphorical birthplace of Nanaya. However, she notes the evidence is contradictory, as Nanaya herself is not common in later records from the same area, and her cult was centered in Uruk, rather than in the periphery.
Two theories which are now regarded as discredited but which gained some support in past scholarship include the view that Nanaya was in origin an Aramean deity, implausible in the light of Nanaya being attested before the Arameans and their language, and an attempt to explain her name as derived from Elamite, which is unlikely due to her absence from oldest Elamite sources. Occasionally Indo-European etymologies are proposed too, but the notion that there was an Indo-European substrate in Mesopotamia is generally considered to be the product of faulty methodology and words to which such an origin had been attributed in past studies tend to have plausible Sumerian, Semitic or Hurrian origin.
Frans Wiggermann proposes that Nanaya was originally an epithet of Inanna connected to her role as a goddess of love, and that the original form of the name had the meaning "My Inanna!" but eventually developed into a separate, though similar, deity. Olga Drewnowska-Rymarz considers it a possibility that Nanaya was initially a hypostasis of "Inanna as quintessence of womanhood," similar to how Annunitum represented her as a warrior. However, Joan Goodnick Westenholz argued that the view that Nanaya was a manifestation of Inanna in origin should be considered a misconception.
An artificial Sumerian etymology was created for the name in late Babylonian texts, deriving it from NA, "to call," with a feminine suffix, A. A possible translation of this ancient scholarly explanation is "the one who keeps calling" or "the calling one". Invented etymologies were a common topic of late cuneiform commentaries.
Functions and iconography
Nanaya's primary function was that of a goddess of love, and she was referred to as bēlet ru'āmi, "lady of love". The physical aspect of love was particularly strongly associated with her, and texts dedicated to her could be explicit. For example, a cultic song describes her in the following terms: "When you lean the side against the wall, your nakedness is sweet, when [you] bow down, the hips are sweet," and indicates that the goddess was believed to charge fees for sexual services. She was also viewed as a guardian of lovers, according to a text from Sippar (Si 57) titled "The Faithful Lover" and to some spells especially the disillusioned or rejected ones. Joan Goodnick Westenholz describes her character as seen through the Sumerian texts as that of a "sweet erotic lover" and "perpetual lover and beloved".
A characteristic frequently attributed to Nanaya as a goddess of love, present in the majority of royal inscriptions pertaining to her and in many other documents, was described with the Sumerian word ḫili and its Akkadian equivalent kubzu, which can be translated as charm, luxuriance, voluptuousness or sensuality. Joan Goodnick Westenholz favors "sensuality" in translations of epithets involving this term, while Paul-Alain Beaulieu - "voluptuousness." Such titles include belet kubzi, "lady of voluptuousness/sensuality," and nin ḫili šerkandi, "the lady adorned with voluptuousness/sensuality." An inscription of Esarhaddon describes her as "adorned with voluptuousness and joy." However, it was not an attribute exclusively associated with her, and in other sources it is described as a quality of both male and female deities, for example Shamash, Aya, Ishtar and Nisaba.
Nanaya was also associated with kingship, especially in the Isin-Larsa period, when a relationship with her, possibly some type of hieros gamos, was "an aspect of true kingship". Joan Goodnick Westenholz rules out any association between Nanaya and nursing in the context of royal ideology.
Nanaya was also one of the deities believed to protect from the influence of the demon lamashtu, in this role often acting alongside Ishtar.
Nanaya eventually developed a distinctly warlike aspect, mostly present in relation to the so-called "Nanaya Eurshaba", worshipped in Borsippa independently from Nabu. She was instead associated with the god Mār-bīti, described as warlike and as a "terrifying hero", and, like in Uruk, with Uṣur-amāssu. Like Inanna, she could also be identified with Irnina, the deified victory.
According to Joan Goodnick Westenholz it is possible that a further aspect of Nanaya which presently cannot be determined is alluded to in an incantation from Isin, according to which she was the denizen of a location usually regarded as profane rather than sacred, the šutummu, understood as treasury, storehouse or granary. The text contrasts her dwelling place with the dais on which Ishtar sits.
Neo-Babylonian archives from Uruk contain extensive lists of cultic paraphernalia dedicated to Nanaya, including a feathered tiara (presumably similar to that depicted on the kudurru of Meli-Shipak II), a crown, multiple breast ornaments (including breastplates decorated with depictions of snakes and fantastic animals), assorted jewelry and other small valuables like mirrors and cosmetic jars, and a large variety of garments, some of them decorated with golden rosette-shaped sequins).
In a single late text Nanaya is associated with an unidentified spice, ziqqu.
Astral associations
One of the most recurring questions in scholarship about Nanaya through history was her potential association with Venus, or lack thereof. Many early Assyriologists assumed that Nanaya was fully interchangeable with Inanna and likewise a Venus goddess, but in the 1990s Joan Goodnick Westenholz challenged this view, and her conclusions were accepted by most subsequent studies. Westenholz argues that the evidence for an association between Nanaya and the planet Venus is scarce, and an argument can be made that she was more often associated with the moon. Olga Drewnowska-Rymarz, following her research, concluded in her monograph Mesopotamian Goddess Nanajā that Nanaya was not herself a Venus goddess, and at most could acquire some such characteristics due to association or conflation with Inanna/Ishtar. Michael P. Streck and Nathan Wassermann in an article from 2013 also follow the conclusions of Westenholz and do not suggest an association with Venus in discussion of Nanaya as a luminous deity. Piotr Steinkeller nonetheless asserted as recently as 2013 that Nanaya was simply a Venus goddess fully analogous to Inanna, and interchangeable both with her and with Ninsianna, without discussing the current state of research. Ninsianna is well attested as a Venus deity and was associated with Ishtar and the Hurrian form of Pinikir who had similar character, but Nanaya was regarded as a figure distinct from Ninsianna in Uruk and in Larsa.
Corona Borealis was associated with Nanaya in astronomical texts.
Nanaya in art
While references to statues of Nanaya are known from earlier periods, with no less than six mentions already present in documents from the Ur III period, the oldest presently known depiction of her is the kudurru of Kassite king Meli-Shipak II, which shows her in a flounced robe and a crown decorated with feathers. This work of art is regarded as unusual, as the inscription and the deity depicted on the monument are integrated with each other. The other figures depicted on it are the king in mention, Meli-Shipak II, and his daughter Ḫunnubat-Nanaya, who he leads to the enthroned goddess. Above them the symbols of Ishtar, Shamash and Sin are placed, most likely in order to make these deities serve as a guarantee of the land grant described in the accompanying text.
Another possible depiction of Nanaya is present on a kudurru from Borsippa from the reign of Nabu-shuma-ishkun.
On an Aramean pithos from Assur Nanaya is depicted in robes with a pattern of stars and crescents.
A number of Hellenized depictions of Nanaya are known from the Parthian period, one possible example being the figure of a naked goddess discovered as a tomb deposit, wearing a crescent-shaped diadem. Late depictions also often show her with a bow, but it is uncertain if it was a part of her iconography before the Hellenistic period.
Associations with other deities
Deities from the circle of Inanna
God lists consistently associated Nanaya with Inanna and her circle, starting with the so-called Weidner god list from the Ur III period. In the standard arrangement she is placed third in her entourage, after Dumuzi, Inanna's husband, and Ninshubur, her sukkal. Another text enumerates Ninshubur, Nanaya, Bizilla and Kanisurra as Inanna's attendants, preserving Nanaya's place right after the sukkal. In later times Ishtar and Nanaya were considered the main deities of Uruk, with the situation being comparable to Marduk's and Nabu's status in Babylon. While Ishtar was the "Lady of Uruk" (Bēltu-ša-Uruk), Nanaya was the "Queen of Uruk" (Šarrat Uruk).
Many sources present Nanaya as a protégée of Inanna, but only three known texts (a song, a votive formula and an oath) also describe them as mother and daughter, and they might only be epithets implying a close connection between the functions of the two rather than an account of a theological speculation. Olga Drewnowska-Rymarz assumes that the evidence only makes it plausible that king Lipit-Ishtar regarded Nanaya as a daughter of Inanna. Joan Goodnick Westenholz describes the relationship between the two goddesses as "definite if unspecified". Only in very late sources from the first millennium BCE they could be fully conflated with each other. Laura Cousin and Yoko Watai argue that their character was not necessarily perceived as identical even in late periods, and attribute the predominance of Nanaya over Ishtar in Neo-Babylonian theophoric names to her nature being perceived as less capricious.
A variety of epithets associate Nanaya both with Inanna and the Eanna temple, for example "ornament of Eanna", "pride of the Eanna", "the deity who occupies the high throne of the land of Uruk".
As early as in the Ur III period, Nanaya came to be associated with the goddess Bizilla. Her name might mean "she who is pleasing" in Sumerian. God lists could equate them with each other. It is assumed that Bizilla occurs among deities from the court of the prison goddess Nungal in some sources too, though Jeremiah Peterson considers it possible that there might have been two deities with similar names, one associated with Nungal and the other with Nanaya. It is possible that Bizilla was regarded as the sukkal of Enlil's wife Ninlil in Ḫursaĝkalama.
Much like Ninshubur, Nanaya was frequently associated with the lamma goddesses, a class of minor deities believed to intercede between humans and major gods, and in some texts she is called the "lady of lamma." One example comes from inscriptions of Kudur-Mabuk and Rim-Sîn I, who apparently regarded Nanaya as capable of mediating on their behalf with An and Inanna, and of assigning lamma deities to them.
Uṣur-amāssu is another deity who is well attested in connection with Nanaya. Olga Drewnowska-Rymarz notes that some publications regard Uṣur-amāssu to be a cognomen of Nanaya rather than an independent deity. However, they were two distinct deities in Neo-Babylonian Uruk, and Uṣur-amāssu's origin as an originally male deity from the circle of Adad is well attested.
The Elamite goddess Narundi, in Mesopotamia best known for her connection to the Sebitti, was possibly associated with Nanaya or Ishtar.
Kanisurra and Gazbaba
The minor goddess Kanisurra and Gazbaba were regarded as attendants and hairdressers of Nanaya. The latter was associated with the sexual sphere, and her name might be derived from the term kubzu, frequently attested in association with Nanaya. In Šurpu she is described as the "smiling one," which might also point at a connection to eroticism, as smiles are commonly highlighted in Akkadian erotic poetry. Paul-Alain Bealieu notes that association with Nanaya is the best attested characteristic of the otherwise enigmatic Kanisurra, and that her name might therefore simply be an Akkadian or otherwise non-standard pronunciation of ganzer, a Sumerian term for the underworld or its entrance.
It is commonly assumed that both Kanisurra and Gazbaba were daughters of Nanaya. However, as remarked by Gioele Zisa there is however no direct evidence in favor of this interpretation. In the Weidner god list, the line explaining whose daughter Kanisurra is, is not preserved.
In one text from the Maqlû corpus Ishtar, Dumuzi, Nanaya identified as "lady of love") and Kanisurra (identified as "mistress of the witches", bēlet kaššāpāti) were asked to counter the influence of a malevolent spell. In some love incantations, Ishtar, Nanaya, Kanisurra and Gazbaba are invoked together. Another goddess sometimes associated with combinations of them in such texts was Ishara.
In late texts Kanisurra and Gazbaba are collectively labeled as "Daughters of Ezida". Most groups of such "divine daughters" are known from northern Mesopotamia: Ezida in Borsippa, Esagil in Babylon, Emeslam in Kutha, Edubba in Kish, Ebabbar in Sippar, Eibbi-Anum in Dilbat, and from an unidentified temple of Ningublaga, though examples are also known from Uruk, Nippur, Eridu and even Arbela in Assyria. Based on the fact that daughters of Esagil and of Ezida are identified as members of courts of Sarpanit and of Nanaya respectively, specifically as their hairdressers, it has been proposed by Andrew R. George that these pairs of goddesses were imagined as maidservants in the household of the major deity or deities of a given temple.
Marital status
In love incantations, Nanaya occurs with an anonymous lover in parallel with Ishtar/Inanna with Dumuzi and Ishara with almanu, a common noun of uncertain meaning whose proposed translations include "widower," "man without family obligations," or perhaps simply "lover."
In some early sources Nanaya's spouse was the sparsely attested god Muati, though from the Kassite period onward she started to be associated with Nabu instead. She sometimes appeared as part of a trinity in which Nabu's original spouse Tashmetum was also included. In the role of Nabu's spouse Nanaya could be referred to as kalat Esagil, "daughter in law of Esagil", which reflected a connection to Nabu's father Marduk. Both Nanaya and Tashmetum could be called the "queen of Borsippa", though the former eventually overshadowed the latter in that city. Tashmetum however retains the role of spouse of Nabu in most Neo-Assyrian sources, and was worshipped in this role in Kalhu and Nineveh. The evidence of worship of Nanaya in the same areas is inconclusive.
In the first millennium BCE pairing Nabu with Nanaya in some cases, for example in Uruk, represented efforts to subordinate the pantheons of various areas of Mesopotamia to the dominant state ideology of the Babylonian empire, which elevated Marduk and Nabu above other deities.
One late Babylonian litany assigns the epithets of Tashmetum, but also Ninlil and Sarpanit, to Nanaya.
Parentage
Urash, the city god of Dilbat, could be identified as Nanaya's father. She was sometimes specifically called his firstborn daughter, and she had a connection to his main temple, Eibbi-Anum. This parentage is especially commonly mentioned in emesal texts, where "firstborn of the god Urash" is the most commonly recurring phrase describing her. Another of Urash's children was the underworld deity Lagamal, while his wife was Ninegal. In one neo-Babylonian ritual text, Nanaya and Urash, paired with Ninegal, appear in a single formula.
Texts from the reign of Rim-Sin I and Samsu-Iluna are the oldest sources to identify her as a daughter of Anu, a view later also present in an inscription of Esarhaddon. Paul-Alain Beaulieu speculates that Nanaya developed in a milieu in which An and Inanna were viewed as a couple, and that she was initially envisioned as their daughter. However, as noted by Olga Drewnowska-Rymarz, direct references to Nanaya being regarded as the daughter of Inanna are not common, and it is possible that an epithet indicating closeness between the deities rather than a statement about actual parentage is meant. References to Nanaya as a daughter of Sin, likely a result of syncretism between her and Ishtar are also known, for example from a hymn from the reign of the neo-Assyrian king Sargon II.
Other attested connections
It is possible that the goddess Ninḫilisu (Sumerian: "graceful lady"), who was worshipped in Ur III Umma where she was served by a gudu4 priest, was related to Nanaya, as elsewhere nin-ḫi-li-sù is attested as her epithet.
In a bilingual Akkadian-Amorite lexical list dated to the Old Babylonian period, Nanaya's Amorite counterpart is Pidray, a goddess otherwise only known from later texts from Ugarit, in which she is treated as analogous to the Hurrian goddess Ḫepat instead.
Worship
First texts mentioning Nanaya come from the period of Shulgi's reign. She is attested in the administrative texts from Puzrish-Dagan, where she is among the 12 deities who received offerings the most frequently. Records also show that queen Shulgi-simti, one of the wives of Shulgi, made offerings to many foreign or minor deities, among them Nanaya, as well as "Allatum" (the Hurrian goddess Allani), Ishara, Belet Nagar, Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban.
Her principal cult center was Uruk, where she is already mentioned in year names of kings Irdanene and Sin-Eribam from the Old Babylonian period. Her main temple in that city was Emeurur, "the temple which gathers the me." She was also worshipped in a sanctuary within Eanna, the main temple of Inanna, which was called Ehilianna, "house of luxuriance of heaven." It is possible that it was originally built by the Kassite king Nazi-Maruttash. According to an inscription of Esarhaddon, Eriba-Marduk expanded it. It still functioned in the Seleucid period. Another of her temples located in Uruk was Eshahulla, "house of the joyful heart," built by king Sin-kashid. In neo-Babylonian Uruk, Nanaya was second in rank only to Ishtar in the local pantheon. Paul-Alain Bealieu considers them to be the main pair among the city's quintet of major local goddesses, the other three being Bēltu-ša-Rēš (later replaced by Sharrahitu, a goddess identified with Ashratum, the spouse of Amurru), Uṣur-amāssu and Urkayītu (a theos eponymos of Uruk,) As early as in the Middle Babylonian period, Nanaya was called the "queen of Uruk and Eanna," as attested on a kudurru from Larsa. In Neo-Babylonian sources from Uruk, she is called the "queen of Uruk," while Ishtar was the "lady of Uruk."
Nanaya was among the deities taken away from Uruk when Sennacherib sacked the city, though she was subsequently returned to it by Esarhaddon. Ashurbanipal also claimed that he brought her statue back to Uruk, though he instead states that she spent 1635 years in Elam. It is presently unknown what event his inscriptions refer to, and it might merely be a rhetorical figure. If it refers to a historical event, it is possible that it occurred during the reign of Ebi-Eshuh, during which Elamites raided Sippar and perhaps Kish, though due to lack of any sources other than the aforementioned late annals this cannot be conclusively proven.
Offerings made to Nanaya in neo-Babylonian Uruk included dates, barley, emmer, flour, beer, sweets, cakes, fish and meat of oxen, sheep, lambs, ducks, geese and turtle doves.
After the reorganization of the pantheon of Uruk around Anu and Antu in the Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, Nanaya continued to be worshipped and she is attested as one of the deities whose statues were paraded in Uruk in a ritual procession accompanying Ishtar (rather than Antu) during a New Year celebration. The scale of her popular cult in Uruk grew considerably through Seleucid times.
The name Eshahulla, known from Uruk, was applied to a temple in Larsa built by Kudur-Mabuk and his son Rim-Sin I, which seemingly was also a temple of Inanna, unless two temples with the same name existed in the same city. In Larsa, Nanaya was one of the foremost deities, next to Utu (the city's tutelary god), Inanna, Ishkur and Nergal. Joint offerings to Inanna and Nanaya of Larsa are known from a number of documents. She is also attested as one member of a trinity whose other two members were Innanna and Ninsianna, in which Inanna's functions were seemingly split between the three goddesses, with Nanaya being allotted the role of the love goddess.
In offering lists from the archives of the First Dynasty of Sealand Nanaya appears alongside various hypostases of Inanna, including Inanna of Larsa, though the latter could also be associated with the rainbow goddess Manzat instead. In a single case, Nanaya is also accompanied by Kanisurra in an offering list.
A temple of Nanaya built by Lipit-Ishtar existed in Isin. The oldest recorded hymn dedicated to her also comes from this city. However, there is overall less evidence for the worship of Nanaya in Isin than in Larsa, as the kings of Isin apparently favored the goddesses Ninisina and Ninsianna instead.
In Babylon Nanaya is attested for the first time during the reign of Sumulael, who ordered statues of her and of Inanna to be fashioned in his twenty sixth year on the throne. Later she was worshipped in the Eturkalamma, "house, cattle pen of the land," built by Hammurabi for deities of Uruk - Inanna, Nanaya, Anu and Kanisurra, and later on in the temples Emeurur and Eurshaba, "house, oracle of the heart." A temple named Eurshaba existed in Borsippa too, though Nanaya was worshipped in a chapel in Ezida, the temple of Nabu as well. A late ritual text describes the procession undertaken by Nanaya, her court and various other deities from Borsippa to Kish. A festival celebrating the marriage of Nanaya and Nabu is still attested from Borsippa from Seleucid times. A unique writing of Nanaya's name, dNIN.KA.LI, is known from documents related to it.
In the late Old Babylonian period the cult of Nanaya was also introduced to Kish, where the clergy of Uruk found refuge after abandoning the temporarily destroyed city.
Temples of Nanaya are also attested from Kazallu (Eshahulla, "house of the happy heart"), and from Nerebtum, though the name of the latter is not known, and it is simply called e dNa-na-a-a in known texts.
In Nippur Nanaya had no temple of her own, though offerings to her are attested from a temple of Ninurta located there.
It is possible that Nanaya was worshipped in Der, though the evidence is limited to a list of deities of that city taken away by Shamshi-Adad V during his fifth campaign against Babylonia. Some evidence also exists for offerings made to her in Sippar and in Dur-Kurigalzu.
In Assur, there was a gate named in honor of Nanaya and Uṣur-amāssu. However, it is uncertain if her cult had much presence in northern Mesopotamia.
There is a lot of evidence for private worship of Nanaya, including seals with the phrase "servant of Nanaya" seemingly owned by many women. In incantations related to love (for example asking for feelings to be returned) she is attested as early as in the Ur III and Old Babylonian periods. Numerous theophoric names are attested as well. However, none of them come from the Ur III period, and in the Old Babylonian period they are limited to only a few cities, including Dilbat, Kish, Sippar, Larsa, Ur and most likely Uruk. Over two thirds of the known Old Babylonian names come from the first two of these settlements alone. Both men and women with such names are listed in records. In the neo-Babylonian period, Nanaya was the deity most commonly present in theophoric names of women, with 106 individual women and 52 different names attested. Examples include: Qis-Nanaya ("Gift of Nanaya), Nanaja-šamhat ("Nanaya is the most beautiful"), Nanaya-ilu ("my deity Nanaya"). One historically notable individual bearing such a name was Ḫunnubat-Nanaya, daughter of Babylonian king Melišipak (ca. 1186-1172 BCE), depicted alongside her father and the goddess on a famous kudurru. Another was Iddin-Nanaya, a sanga priest of this goddess active during the reign of king Irdanene of Uruk, apparently responsible for various misdeeds, including the removal of a star symbol from the doors of the Nanaya temple.
Outside Mesopotamia
In offering lists from Ur III period Mari, a goddess named dNin-Na-na-a, seemingly Nanaya with the determinative "lady" (nin) added to her name, appears in among gods introduced from Uruk, alongside Ninshubur, Dumuzi and (Nin-)Bizila. Additionally, a deity of uncertain identity known from Mari and Khana, Nanni, is more likely to be connected to Nanaya than Nanna, as the name is grammatically feminine. In the west Nanaya is also attested in Emar, though only in a god list.
The only known reference to worship of Nanaya among the Hittites comes from a single document mentioning her as the goddess of the town Malidaskuriya in the district of Durmitta, located in the proximity of the middle of the river Kızılırmak. It has been proposed that her worship in that location was a relic of Old Assyrian practices. Possible theophoric names are known from Hittite sources too.
Nanaya was also worshipped in Susa in Elam, where she is particularly well attested in Seleucid times. It is uncertain at which point was she introduced to this city, though it has been proposed her arrival in the local pantheon was connected with the theft of her statue during a raid. Greek authors regarded her as the main goddess of Susa.
Literature
A bilingual Sumero-Akkadian hymn to Nanaya from the first millennium BCE, written in the first person as a self-laudation, describes many other goddesses as manifestations of her, in line with the syncretic tendencies typical for the literature of this time period. Each of them is listed alongside a specific location. Among the goddesses mentioned are Damkina (Eridu and Kullaba), Ninlil (Nippur), Ishara, Bau (both in Kish), Sarpanit (in Babylon), Shala (in Karkar), Annunitum (in Agade), Mammitum (in Kutha), Manzat (in Der), a number of goddesses whose names are not preserved, as well as various forms of Ishtar, including Ishtar of Babylon (described as bearded), Ishtar of Daduni and Ishtar of Uruk. Nanaya herself is assigned two cities, Borsippa and Sippar. No mention is made of Tashmetum. The purpose of this composition was most likely elevation of Nanaya above the other goddesses.
In a mythical explanation of the rites of Egashankalamma (the temple of the Assyrian Ishtar of Arbela) pertaining to the mourning of Ishtaran's death, Nanaya is described as a goddess who provides Bel with an iron arrows.
In the Hurrian tale of Appu six deities are listed alongside the cities where they were worshipped, among them Marduk, Shaushka and Nanaya, whose cult center in this text is Kiššina. Joan Goodnick Westenholz considers it to be an unidentified location, but Volkert Haas assumes the name might be derived from Kish.
Later relevance
In a papyrus from Achaemenid Egypt the formula "Nanaya of Eanna will bless you" occurs. In the following Hellenic period, her cult spread to various distant locations, including Armenia, Sogdia and Bactria, though it has been pointed out that the goddess in mention was the result of a process of Hellenistic syncretism and it is difficult to tell which of her features had their origin in the Mesopotamian image of Nanaya. It has been proposed that Parthian coinage was in part responsible for her spread, though no known coins explicitly identify any figures depicted on them as her. The first attested reference to Nanaya in Bactria is a coin of Yuezhi ruler Sapadbizes. Later she occurs in an inscription of Kushan emperor Kanishka, who proclaimed that he received kingship from her. She also appears on Kushan coins. Her name is always spelled as "Nanaia" in Greek, but as "Nana" in Bactrian. The iconography associated with her is entirely Hellenic in origin, rather than Mesopotamian, though her position as a giver of kingship might be derived from Mesopotamian tradition.
Nanaya is mentioned in the Second Book of Maccabees. She also appears in Acts of Mar Mu'ain, according to which Sasanian king Shapur II ordered the eponymous Syriac saint to make offerings to various deities, including her. Dedications to Nanaya, written in Pahlavi scripts, appear on some jewelry from the Sasanian period. However, there is no evidence that the rulers from this dynasty were involved in her cult, similar evidence is also lacking for the Achaemenid emperors from the earlier period of Persian history.
The last Mesopotamian reference to Nanaya appears in a Mandean spell from Nippur dated to the fifth or sixth century in which she appears alongside Shamash, Sin, Bel and Nergal, though all of these deities, including her, appear to be treated as male in this case, indicating that the precise identity of the figures invoked was already forgotten.
Some late references to a goddess partially derived from Nanaya are known from Sogdia, where a Greek and Kushan-influenced version of her was worshipped in Panjakent as late as in the eighth century. Her depictions in Sogdian art have no clear forerunners in earlier tradition, and appear to be based on four-armed Mahayana Buddhist figures.
Syriac scholar Bar Bahlul, active around the year 1000, in his Syriac-Arabic dictionary defined Nanaya as a name which Arabs purportedly applied to the planet Venus. This is the last known pre-modern reference to Nanaya.
References
Bibliography
External links
A tigi to Nanaya for Išbi-Erra (Išbi-Erra C) in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
A balbale to Inana as Nanaya (Inana H) in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
A German translation of Appu (CTH 360.1) in Mythen der Hethiter. Das Projekt of the University of Marburg
Mesopotamian goddesses
Love and lust goddesses
War goddesses
Inanna | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanaya |
NAE may refer to:
National Academy of Engineering, US
National Association of Evangelicals, a U.S. religious fellowship
Net acid excretion, the net amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time
NEDD8 activating enzyme
North American English, a generalized variety of the English language
See also
Nae
Nae Nae, dance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAE |
Ahmad Rashad Treaudo (born April 15, 1982) is a former American football cornerback. He was signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He spent his redshirt freshman season at Delta State University in 2002 and transferred to Southern University in Baton Rouge Louisiana where he completed his college football career before being picked up as an undrafted free agent.
Treaudo was also a member of the San Francisco 49ers, Atlanta Falcons, Minnesota Vikings, New Orleans VooDoo and Edmonton Eskimos.
Professional career
California Redwoods
Treaudo was signed by the California Redwoods of the United Football League on August 18, 2009.
External links
Just Sports Stats
1982 births
Living people
Players of American football from New Orleans
Players of Canadian football from New Orleans
Warren Easton High School alumni
American football cornerbacks
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Atlanta Falcons players
Minnesota Vikings players
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Sacramento Mountain Lions players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%20Treaudo |
The Juno Award for "International Achievement" was awarded in these following years: 1992, 1997, 1999–2000, 2017–2018 and 2022 as recognition for international achievement by musicians from Canada. The most recent recipient of this honor is Shawn Mendes.
Recipients
References
International Achievement | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20International%20Achievement%20Award |
Ian "Bull" Turnbull (born December 22, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played ten seasons in the National Hockey League from 1973–74 until 1982–83. He and Börje Salming combined to make one of the best 1–2 defensive punches in Toronto Maple Leafs history during the 1970s.
Turnbull played 628 career NHL games, scoring 123 goals and 317 assists for 440 points. In his best offensive season, (1976–77 while with the Maple Leafs), he set career highs with 22 goals, 57 assists, 79 points, and a +47 plus/minus rating. The 79 points still stands over 40 years later as the Maple Leaf team record for most points in a season by a defenceman. He also still holds the NHL record for most goals in a game by a defenceman, with 5 in a game on February 2, 1977, in a 9–1 victory against the Detroit Red Wings. Turnbull only had five shots in the game, making him the first player in NHL history to score five goals on five shots. Turnbull was outstanding in the 1978 playoff series against the New York Islanders, eventually won by Toronto 4 games to 3, anchoring the team’s defensive corps after an eye injury forced all-star defenceman Börje Salming out of the Maple Leafs line-up.
Early in the 1981-82 season, Turnbull was traded to the Los Angeles Kings in exchange for veteran forward Billy Harris and defenseman John Gibson. Turnbull's time with the Kings was brief, playing just 42-games, but one of them was quite memorable. On December 12th, 1981 Turnbull scored four-goals in a 7-5 Kings victory over the Vancouver Canucks.
Turnbull joined the Penguins for the 1982-83 season but played just six games for them before a back injury forced him out of the lineup and into retirement.
Turnbull is currently the IT Director at Martin Chevrolet in Torrance, California, United States.
Career statistics
Honors and awards
OHA-Jr 2nd All-Star Team: 1972, 1973
NHL All-Star Game: 1977
2018 J. P. Bickell Memorial Award
See also
List of players with 5 or more goals in an NHL game
References
External links
Biography at hockeydraftcentral.com
Profile at mapleleafslegends
Career stats at couchpotatohockey.com
1953 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Montreal
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Toronto Maple Leafs players
Vancouver Blazers draft picks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Turnbull%20%28ice%20hockey%29 |
The Juno Award for "Recording Package of the Year" has been awarded since 1975, as recognition each year for the best album art for a music recording in Canada. The Award was subtitled as "Presented in honour of Andrew MacNaughtan" after MacNaughtan's death in early 2012. The award was previously known as "Best Album Graphics", "Best Album Design", "Album Design of the Year" and "CD/DVD Artwork Design of the Year".
Winners
Best Album Graphics (1975–1989)
1975 - Bart Schoales, Night Vision (Bruce Cockburn)
1976 - Bart Schoales, Joy Will Find a Way (Bruce Cockburn)
1977 - Michael Bowness, Ian Tamblyn (self-titled)
1978 - Dave Anderson, Short Turn (self-titled)
1979 - Alan Gee/Greg Lawson, Madcats (self-titled)
1980 - Rodney Bowes, Cigarettes (Battered Wives)
1981 - Jeanette Hanna, We Deliver (Downchild Blues Band)
1982 - Hugh Syme/Deborah Samuel, Moving Pictures (Rush)
1983 - Dean Motter, Metal on Metal (Anvil)
1984 - Dean Motter/Jeff Jackson/Deborah Samuel, Seamless (The Nylons)
1985 - Rob MacIntyre/Dimo Safari, Strange Animal (Gowan)
1986 - Hugh Syme/Dimo Safari, Power Windows (Rush)
1987 - Jamie Bennett/Shari Spier, Small Victories] (The Parachute Club)
1989 - Hugh Syme, Levity (Ian Thomas)
Best Album Design (1990–2002)
1990 - Hugh Syme, Presto (Rush)
1991 - Robert Lebeuf, Sue Medley (self-titled)
1992 - Hugh Syme, Roll The Bones (Rush)
1993 - Rebecca Baird/Kenny Baird, Lost Together (Blue Rodeo)
1994 - Marty Dolan, Faithlift (Spirit of the West)
1995 - Andrew MacNaughtan/Our Lady Peace, Naveed (Our Lady Peace)
1996 - Tom Wilson/Alex Wittholz, Birthday Boy
1997 - John Rummen]]/Crystal Heald, Decadence - Ten Years of Various Nettwerk
1998 - John Rummen]]/Crystal Heald/Stephen Chung/Andrew MacNaughtan/Justin Zivojinovich, Songs of a Circling Spirit (Tom Cochrane)
1999 - Andrew McLachlan/Rob Baker/Brock Ostrom/Bernard Clark/David Ajax, Phantom Power (The Tragically Hip)
2000 - Michael Wrycraft (Creative Director), Radio Fusebox by Andy Stochansky
2001 - Stuart Chatwood (Creative Director), Antoine Moonen (Graphic Artist), James St. Laurent/Margaret Malandruccolo/Nick Sarros (Photographers), Tangents: The Tea Party Collection (The Tea Party)
2002 - Sebastien Toupin (Art Director), Sebastien Toupin, Benoit St-Jean, Michel Valois (Designers), Martin Tremblay (Photographer), Disparu (La Chicane)
Album Design of the Year (2003–2004)
2003 - Steve Goode (Director/Designer), Margaret Malandruccolo/Nelson Garcia (Illustrator/Photographer), exit (k-os)
2004 - Garnet Armstrong/Susan Michalek (Director/Designer); Andrew MacNaughtan (Photographer), Love Is the Only Soldier (Jann Arden)
CD/DVD Artwork Design of the Year (2005–2009)
2005 - Vincent Marcone (Director/Designer/Illustrator), It Dreams (Jakalope)
2006 - Garnet Armstrong, Rob Baker, Susan Michalek, Will Ruocco, Hipeponymous (The Tragically Hip)
2007 - Seripop (Directors/Designers/Illustrators), The Looks (MSTRKRFT)
2008 - Tracy Maurice and Francois Miron, Neon Bible (Arcade Fire)
2009 - Anouk Pennel and Stéphane Poirer, En concert dans la forêt des mal-aimés avec l’Orchestre Métropolitain du Grand Montréal (Pierre Lapointe)
Recording Package of the Year (2010–present)
2010 - Martin Bernard (Art Director), Stéphane Cocke (Photographer), Thomas Csano (Designer/Illustrator): Beats on Canvas (Beats on Canvas)
2011 - Justin Peroff, Charles Spearin, Robyn Kotyk & Joe McKay (Art Directors/Designers), Jimmy Collins & Elisabeth Chicoine (Photographers): Forgiveness Rock Record (vinyl box set) (Broken Social Scene)
2012 - Jeff Harrison (Designer), Kim Ridgewell (Illustrator): Rest of the Story (Chris Tarry)
2013 - Justin Broadbent (Art Director/Designer/Photographer): Synthetica (Metric)
2014 - Robyn Kotyk (Art Director/Designer/Illustrator), Petra Cuschieri, Justin Peroff (Designers): Arts & Crafts: 2003–2013 (Arts & Crafts Various Artists)
2015 - Roberta Hansen (Art Director/Designer/Illustrator), Mike Latschislaw (Photographer): Pilgrimage (Steve Bell)
2016 - Clyde Henry Productions (Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski) (Art Directors/Designers/Illustrators/Photographers), Constellation: Ian Ilavsky (Designer): Lost Voices (Esmerine)
2017 - Jonathan Shedletzky (Art Director), Isis Essery (Designer), Jeff Lemire (Illustrator): Secret Path (Gord Downie)
2018 - Marianne Collins, Ian Ilavsky and Steve Farmer — Stubborn Persistent Illusions (Do Make Say Think)
2019 - Mike Milosh (art director, designer, illustrator and photographer) — Rhye, Blood
2020 - Chad Moldenhauer (art director), Ian Clarke (designer), Warren Clark and Lance Inkwell (illustrators) - Kristofer Maddigan, Selections from Cuphead
2021 - Julien Hébert (art director), David Beauchemin (designer), Florence Obrecht (illustrator) and Marc-Étienne Mongrain (photographer) — Klô Pelgag, Notre-Dame-des-Sept-Douleurs
2022 - Mykaël Nelson, Nicolas Lemieux, Albert Zablit — Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal conducted by Simon Leclerc, Histoires sans paroles: Harmonium symphonique
2023 - Ian Ilavsky (art director and designer), Maciek Szczerbowski (illustrator) — Everything Was Forever Until It Was No More, Esmerine
References
Recording Package
Cover art awards
Canadian art awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Recording%20Package%20of%20the%20Year |
James Baird may refer to:
Sir James Baird, 2nd Baronet ( 1658–1715), British baronet
James Baird (British Army officer) (1915–2007)
James Baird (civil engineer) (1872–1953), builder of the Lincoln Memorial and quarterback of the Michigan Wolverines football team
James Baird (footballer) (born 1983), Scottish goalkeeper/soccer player
James Baird (industrialist) (1802–1876), Scottish industrialist and MP for Falkirk Burghs
James Baird (merchant) (1828–1915), Newfoundland merchant and activist
James Baird (trade unionist) (1878–1948), Northern Irish politician and activist
James Bryson Baird (1859–1939), Canadian politician
Jim Baird (American football), American college football player of the 1890s
Jim Baird (Australian footballer) (1920–2003), Australian rules footballer
Jim Baird (politician) (born 1945), U.S. representative from Indiana
See also
James Baird State Park in New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Baird |
The Road Emergency Services Communications Unit (RESCU) is a traffic management system used by the City of Toronto on city managed highways. The operators are useless and have zero clue what they are doing or even looking at on their camera system. Most can't tell basic directions and this has caused major headaches for drivers in the city. The system is used to monitor traffic on:
Gardiner Expressway from the Queen Elizabeth Way to the Don Valley Parkway - 28 cameras
Don Valley Parkway from the Gardiner Expressway to Ontario Highway 401 - 17 cameras
Lake Shore Boulevard from near Parkside Drive to Leslie Street - 17 cameras
Allen Road from Finch Avenue West to Eglinton Avenue - 9 cameras
Various intersections through the GTA are also monitored including Woodbine Avenue and Steeles Avenue / Ontario Highway 404, Black Creek Drive and Lawrence Avenue West, Don Mills Road and Overlea Boulevard, and Warden Avenue and Ellesmere Road.
The system consists of:
70+ traffic cameras
635 vehicle sensors
5 overhead changeable message signs - Gardiner Expressway and Don Valley Parkway
4 portable signs
121 detector stations (650 loops)
Remote Traffic Information System (RTIS) - website
Queue End Warning System - reminder for drivers that Allen Road ends at Eglinton Avenue West by using flashing light/sign and display screen on southbound Allen Road at Glengrove Avenue and south of Viewmount Avenue; advisory overhead sign at Flemingdon Road.
See also
RESCU is linked to the Ontario Ministry of Transportation's Freeway Traffic Management System or COMPASS.
References
RESCU
Transport in the Greater Toronto Area
Transport in Ontario
Intelligent transportation systems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20Emergency%20Services%20Communications%20Unit |
is an action role-playing video game developed and published by Konami for the Family Computer in 1987 exclusively in Japan. It has been referenced in many subsequent Konami titles throughout the years. The game is structurally similar to Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, The Goonies II and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (NES).
A hack-and-slash "roguevania" sequel, titled Getsu Fūma Den: Undying Moon, was released on the Nintendo Switch on February 9, 2022 and left Early Access on Steam on February 17. A sequel titled Shin Getsu Fūma Den was planned for the PlayStation 2, but was cancelled.
Gameplay
The player controls Fūma, whose goal is to locate the three Pulse Blades that have been stolen from his clan in order to gain access to Ryūkotsuki's lair. Each of the Pulse Blades have been hidden away in the three neighboring islands surrounding Kyōki-tō, which are , and . Each of these islands requires Fūma to be in possession of a different .
The game starts off from an overhead view where the player guides Fūma to his next destination. When Fūma enters a gate, the game switches to a side-scrolling action scene where the player must go from one end of the area to the next while fending off enemies and avoiding pitfalls in the usual matter in order to return to the main field and proceed to the next scene. In addition to these action scenes, there are also small shrines featuring villagers who will provide hints to Fūma and shops where he can purchase new items and weapons using the money he has accumulated from defeated enemies. The player switches items by pausing the game during an action sequence and then pressing A to select a defensive item or B to change weapons. Experience points are accumulated by defeating enemies, which will fill out Fūma's sword gauge, increasing the strength of his attacks.
When the player reaches the main dungeon in each of the islands, the game switches to a pseudo-3D perspective which follows Fūma from behind. The player must proceed through a labyrinth in order to reach the boss holding one of the Pulse Swords. Each labyrinth is filled with numerous enemies who will confront Fūma, along with allies who will provide him with hints and helpful items. A candle is required to light these labyrinths, as well as a compass which shows Fūma's current direction. When the player reaches the boss's lair, the game switches back to a side-scrolling perspective before the actual confrontation.
The game uses a lives system like most action games. The player loses a life when he runs out of health or falls into a pitfall. When the player runs out of lives, he can continue from where he left off or quit and resume at a later point using a password. The player is penalized by having his money reduced by half.
Plot
In the distant future of 14672 A.D., the first year of the , the demon lord escaped from hell and plotted to conquer the surface world ruled by the . The Getsu brothers fought against Ryūkotsuki, each wielding one of the three spiritual that have been passed within the clan for generations. However, the brothers were ultimately defeated by the demon and only , the youngest of the three, survived. Vowing to avenge his slain brothers, Fūma ventures into to recover the three stolen Pulse Blades and summon the spirits of his brothers to defeat Ryūkotsuki.
Related games
Konami Wai Wai World - a side-scrolling action game released for the Famicom in 1988 and Japanese mobile phones (via the Konami Net DX service) in 2006 featuring many Konami characters. The game features Fūma as a playable character, as well as a stage modeled after Kyōki Island called Jigoku. Fūma also appears in the 1991 sequel, Wai Wai World 2.
Jikkyō Power Pro Wrestling '96: Max Voltage - a pro-wrestling game for the Super Famicom released in 1996. The game features a stable called WWK, which consists of wrestlers modeled after Konami protagonists such as .
Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game - a collectable trading card game based on the manga. Fūma and Ryūkotsuki (renamed Getsu Fuhma and Ryu Kokki respectively) had their own trading cards, and the TCG has been adapted into three games based on it; Yu-Gi-Oh! GX: Duel Academy in 2005, Yu-Gi-Oh! Ultimate Masters: World Championship 2006 and Yu-Gi-Oh! GX Tag Force in 2006.
Pop'n Music 18: Sengoku Retsuden - a 2010 installment in the musical rhythm game series released for the arcades. Fūma appears in the background animation for the track "Go! Getsu Fuma", a medley of arranged music based Getsu Fūma Den. The track is listed under the genre GETSUFUMA-DEN.
Castlevania: Harmony of Despair - a downloadable game in the Castlevania series released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It features downloadable content based on Getsu Fūma Den, namely Fūma himself as a playable character and a stage titled "The Legend of Fuma" which uses graphical assets from the actual Famicom game. This was the first time characters from Getsu Fūma Den were featured in a game released in the west and thus many of the enemy characters and items were given localized names in the English version.
Otomedius Excellent - a spin-off in the Gradius series released for the Xbox 360 in 2011 featuring young girls who can transform into spacecraft. The game features a heroine modeled after Fūma named Gesshi Hanafūma. The Stage 3 boss is a female version of Fūma's nemesis, Ryukotsuki.
Monster Retsuden Oreca Battle - a trading card arcade game distributed exclusively in Japan in 2012. Fūma appears as a boss character.
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate - a crossover fighting game developed by Bandai Namco and Sora Ltd. and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch. The music track "Go! Getsu Fuma" appears as a selectable song on the Dracula's Castle stage, using its remix from Castlevania: Harmony of Despair.
Soundtrack
The following soundtrack albums featured music from Getsu Fūma Den, in either original or arranged forms:
Konami Famicom Music Memorial Best VOL.1 (July 21, 1989) - features three original tracks from the Famicom game.
Konami Ending Collection (October 21, 1991) - features the ending theme.
Winbee's Neo Cinema Club 2 ~Paradise~ (August 5, 1994) - features a rendition of the ending theme, , arranged by Kenichi Mitsuda.
Konami Music Masterpiece Collection (October 1, 2004) - features the three tracks previously included in Konami Famicom Music Memorial Best Vol. 1.
Konami Addiction ~For Electro Lovers~ (May 21, 2008) - published by Universal J. Features a remixed medley of the game's soundtrack composed by amos project.
KONAMI FAMICOM CHRONICLE Vol.3: ROM Cassette Compilation (August 21, 2015) - published by Egg Music Records. Features the complete soundtrack from the original Famicom game in 14 tracks.
Reception
Getsu Fūma Den was met with mostly positive reception from critics. Famitsu noted its mixture of elements from both The Adventure of Link and Dragon Buster, with one reviewer stating that it feels like a sequel to Akumajō Dracula. Family Computer Magazine wrote that the game evoked "a surprising and mysterious" atmosphere. A writer for Japanese gaming magazine Yuge commended its graphics, direction and music.
Hardcore Gaming 101s Kurt Kalata commended the varied visuals and music but criticized the controls and pseudo-3D dungeon crawling sequences for being tedious. However, the Japanese book 200 Unreasonable Famicom & Sufami Games You Want to Clear Before You Die gave the game a negative retrospective outlook. While similarities with Genpei Tōma Den were pointed out and the overall originality on-display was also commended, they heavily criticized the password system and drawbacks with its gameplay.
Notes
References
External links
Official Virtual Console page
1987 video games
Action role-playing video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Konami games
Metroidvania games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Post-apocalyptic video games
Role-playing video games
Single-player video games
Video games about demons
Video games about ninja
Video games based on Japanese mythology
Video games set in hell
Virtual Console games
Virtual Console games for Wii U
Video games developed in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getsu%20F%C5%ABma%20Den |
"The Music of the Night" (also labelled as just "Music of the Night" and originally labeled as "Married Man") is a major song from the 1986 musical The Phantom of the Opera. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Initially made famous by Michael Crawford, the actor who originated the role of the Phantom both in the West End and on Broadway, "The Music of the Night" has appeared on many cast recordings of the musical, sold millions of copies worldwide, and has been translated into many languages.
Synopsis
"The Music of the Night" is sung after the Phantom lures Christine Daaé to his lair beneath the Opera House. He seduces Christine with "his music" of the night, his voice putting her into a type of trance. He sings of his unspoken love for her and urges her to forget the world and life she knew before. The Phantom leads Christine around his lair, eventually pulling back a curtain to reveal a mannequin dressed in a wedding gown resembling Christine. When she approaches it, it suddenly moves, causing her to faint. The Phantom then carries Christine to a bed, where he lays her down and goes on to write his music.
Composition
Sarah Brightman declared, at the London Royal Albert Hall concert in 1997, that the song was originally written by Andrew Lloyd Webber for her, the first time he met her. That version had different lyrics and was called "Married Man". The lyrics were later rewritten, and the song was added to The Phantom of the Opera.
A year before The Phantom Of The Opera opened at Her Majesty's Theatre, the original version of the song was performed at Andrew Lloyd Webber's own theatre at Sydmonton, along with the first drafts of the show. The audience were a specially gathered group of Webber's acquaintances. The Phantom was played by Colm Wilkinson. The lyrics were very different from the ones used in the three variations of the song, as lyricist Charles Hart had not yet become involved in the project.
Due to similarities between the song and a recurring melody in Giacomo Puccini's 1910 opera, La fanciulla del West (The Girl of the Golden West), the Puccini estate filed lawsuit against Webber, accusing him of plagiarism. An agreement was settled out of court, and details were not released to the public.
Recordings
To promote The Phantom of the Opera's opening in London, the production's producers, The Really Useful Group, filmed a video starring Crawford and Sarah Brightman (who did not sing).
The song has also been covered by many artists.
1992: Sarah Brightman recorded "The Music of the Night" for her solo album, Sarah Brightman Sings the Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber. This version has different lyrics, replacing the line "To the power of the music that I write," with "To the harmony which dreams alone can write", and a different ending.
2010: Meryl Davis and Charlie White used the song when ice dancing at the Olympic Games in Vancouver and won a silver medal.
2010: Mark Vincent covered the song for his album Compass.
2012: Jackie Evancho performed it for her movie-themed concert, Songs from the Silver Screen. This version included the words, "compose the music of the night".
2016: Mauro Calderon covered the song on his album Broadway and Éxitos.
2016: Marina Prior and Mark Vincent covered the song on their album Together.
2019: Alina Zagitova used the song on her short program while winning World Champion 2019 title in ladies event.
Michael Crawford version
Polydor released "The Music of the Night" by Michael Crawford and "Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again" by Sarah Brightman as a double A-side single on 29 December 1986. The single was released to promote the upcoming musical The Phantom of the Opera. A re-recording of the song was included on Crawford's album With Love / The Phantom Unmasked (1989).
Track listings and formats
UK 7" Single [POSP 803]
UK 12" Single [POSPX 803]
Charts
Barbra Streisand & Michael Crawford version
In 1993, American singer Barbra Streisand and British actor Michael Crawford released a duet version of "The Music of the Night". It is taken from Streisand's twenty-sixth studio album, Back to Broadway (1993), and peaked at number 54 on the UK Singles Chart. This version was also later included on Crawford's own album A Touch of Music in the Night (1993).
Critical reception
The duet received favorable reviews from music critics. Ron Fell from the Gavin Report declared it as "the year's most triumphant duet". British Lennox Herald wrote, "Familiar song which might be a hit again, given the high profiles of both stars." Pan-European magazine Music & Media said it's "easily the most beautifully executed song" off the Back To Broadway album, adding, "It will hypnotise anyone with a taste for real voices into playing it." A reviewer from People Magazine found that Streisand, "crossing cadenzas with Broadway's first Phantom", Michael Crawford "goes for grandeur instead of intimacy and winds up with grandiosity." The Stage stated that they both are "squeezing the last drop" out of "Music of the Night". Richard Harrington from The Washington Post declared it as "an anthemic duet in which Crawford's warm, theatrical subtlety is overwhelmed by Streisand's undiminishable power (just listen to her attempt to make real the phrase "tremulous and tender")."
Charts
See also
Andrew Lloyd Webber
'Erik' (The Phantom)
References
External links
Alternative lyrics to the song
Former Broadway Phantom Hugh Panaro performing the song in concert
Television performance by Julian Lloyd Webber
Barbra Streisand songs
Sarah Brightman songs
Songs from The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
Songs from musicals
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Songs involved in plagiarism controversies
1986 songs
1980s ballads
Songs with lyrics by Charles Hart (lyricist)
Pop ballads
1994 singles
Columbia Records singles
Popular songs based on classical music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Music%20of%20the%20Night |
Vaastav: The Reality is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language action film written and directed by Mahesh Manjrekar in his directorial debut, and starring Sanjay Dutt, Namrata Shirodkar, and Sanjay Narvekar. It features Mohnish Behl, Paresh Rawal, Reema Lagoo and Shivaji Satam in supporting roles.
"The Reality" as described by the film's tagline, refers to the harsh realities of life in the Mumbai underworld. The film is said to be loosely based on the life of Mumbai underworld gangster Chhota Rajan.
The film released on 7 October 1999. It very well received by both critics and audiences, and it was extremely successful both in India and overseas. It was nominated for and won many awards. At Filmfare Awards, It was nominated in many category including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor. Sanjay Dutt won his first ever best actor award at Filmfare out of his four nominations in his career, regarded by critics unanimously amongst being one of Indian cinema's most memorable onscreen characters. Over the years, it has become a cult film.
The film was remade into Telugu as Bhavani (2000), in Kannada as Bhagavan Dada (2000) and in Tamil language as Don Chera (2006). It was followed by the 2002 sequel Hathyar. In 2013, it was dubbed in Bhojpuri as Tohar Ko Thok Debe.
Plot
Vaastav opens with a family performing the funeral rites of a person at a beach. When the young son of the deceased asks his grandmother about the deceased, she begins to narrate the story.
As the film opens, Raghunath Namdev Shivalkar alias "Raghu" and his best friend Chandrakant a.k.a "Dedh Footiya" (literally meaning "One and a half feet tall" in Hindi) struggle to find work in Mumbai. Raghu lives in a chawl with his retired father Namdev, mother Shanta and a graduate but unemployed brother Vijay. They decide to run a pav bhaji stall. They work diligently and are earning good profits. The business seems to be working out very well before the brother of a local goon Fracture Bandya and his men start visiting their stall. Continuously for somedays Fracture Bandya's men visit the stall in a drunken state and abuse Dedh Footiya. Raghu tells Dedh Footiya to not get involved in any argument with them. But one day, Fracture Bandya's men beat up Dedh Footiya badly. Unable to keep their emotions and anger in the face of abuse continuously for days, Raghu and Dedh Footiya accidentally kill Fracture Bandya's brother. Now on the run, the two of them soon kill Fracture Bandya and his men also, when the latter tries to find them and kill them both treacherously by arranging a meeting through Suleiman Bhai, a middle man in the Mumbai underworld. Raghu and Dedh Footiya now end up in the Mumbai underworld.
Vitthal Kaanya, a rival gang lord, offers Raghu and Dedh Footiya protection and later hires them both as hitmen. Raghu becomes a respected hitman, with Dedh Footiya as his accomplice. With Raghu in his gang, Vitthal Kaanya hits a peak in the Mumbai underworld. Later, Raghu is approached by the home minister Babban Rao and who asks Raghunath to work for him and uses Raghunath for his criminal activities. Raghu agrees, much against the wishes of Assistant Inspector Kishore Kadam, a best friend of Raghu, who continues to help him by advising him and providing inside information. Vitthal Kaanya is soon killed by rival gangsters.
While Babban Rao relies on Raghunath, there are some others who despise Raghunath and are waiting in the sidelines to see when he makes an error. Raghunath does so, and Babban Rao is soon under serious pressure from the public and government. He issues a shoot-to-kill warrant for Raghunath. Dedh Footiya is killed in an encounter in order to take out Raghu from the hiding as he and Dedh Footiya killed a Parsi man. Then Kishore informs Raghu that the police have been ordered to kill him in an "encounter". Raghu is now on the run, both from the police and Babban Rao's men. Raghunath knows now that he must protect his wife, parents, and family, as they too are in danger. He realizes that there is no escape from this harsh reality. He arranges to meet Babban Rao with the help of Suleiman Bhai and kills Babban Rao as he would spoil others' lives like his in the future. In the process, Suleiman Bhai is also killed in an attempt to save Raghu.
Unable to save himself from the police, Raghu returns to his home and tells his mother to save him. He apparently has lost his mental balance, become crazy and starts hallucinating. His mother takes him away to safety. He tells her to take his gun and kill him, so she remembers how Raghu had once taught her how to use a gun, pulls the trigger and kills him.
As the film ends, the family is seen fulfilling the annual rites of Raghu on the Mumbai beach, as the film had begun, with Raghu's mother explaining all that happened to her young grandson and prays that his sins must be pardoned.
Cast
Sanjay Dutt as Raghunath "Raghu" Namdev Shivalkar
Namrata Shirodkar as Sonia "Sonu" Shivalkhar, Raghu's wife
Deepak Tijori as Sub-Inspector Kishore Kadam (Kisha)
Sanjay Narvekar as Chandrakant "Dedh Footiya" Kumar
Mohnish Bahl as Vijaykanth Namdev Shivalkhar, Raghu's brother
Ekta Sohini as Pooja Shivalkar, Vijay's wife
Shivaji Satam as Namdev Shivalkar, Raghu's father
Reema Lagoo as Shanta Shivalkar, Raghu's mother
Usha Nadkarni as Gayatri Devi, Dedh Footiya's mother
Paresh Rawal as Suleiman bhai (Mandavali Baadshah)
Mohan Joshi as Home Minister Babban Rao Kadam
Ashish Vidyarthi as Vitthal Kaanya
Himani Shivpuri as Laxmi Akka, Bordello Madam
Mahesh Manjrekar as himself in a song
Jack Gaud as Fracture Bandya
Ganesh Yadav as Chhota Fracture
Kishore Nandlaskar as Kamalkant Kumar, Dedh Footiya's father (drunkard)
Achyut Potdar as Chacha, an old Muslim man who is murdered by Dedh Footiya
Anand Abhyankar as a Parsi Man
Bharat Jadhav as Raghu's friend
Makarand Anaspure as Raghu's friend
Satish Rajwade as Satya
Atul Kale as Bhopu
Nilesh Divekar as Raghu's friend
Dhananjay Mandrekar as Commissioner of Police
Jayant Savarkar as Pandit
Kashmera Shah as an item number 'Jawani Se'
Soundtrack
Accolades
Legacy
Reviewing the film for Rediff.com, Suparn Verma compared its theme to Hollywood films Scarface (1983), The Godfather (1972), and Indian films such as Satya (1998), Nayakan (1987) and Agneepath (1990). He felt the film offered "no new insight into the underworld" and added that it was "fast-paced and taut at times". However, he felt the film was "well shot and edited" and criticized the "lengthy dialogues". He concluded commending the acting performance of Sanjay Dutt and called it "one of the best performances of his career". He added, "From an easy-going guy to a broken man -- the role is essayed with great care by him, maintaining a consistency throughout." Mukhtar Anjoom of Deccan Herald felt Dutt, who looked "terrific", couldn't "hold the excitement for long" due to the "shaky screenplay".
Notes
References
External links
1999 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Films set in Mumbai
Films shot in Mumbai
Films about organised crime in India
Films scored by Jatin–Lalit
Films directed by Mahesh Manjrekar
Indian gangster films
Indian action films
Indian crime drama films
Hindi films remade in other languages
Hindi-language films based on actual events
Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaastav%3A%20The%20Reality |
Jerry Lee Wilson Jr. (born July 17, 1973) is a former professional American football safety most recently in 2006 with the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He has also played for the Miami Dolphins and the New Orleans Saints. He was drafted in the fourth round of the 1995 NFL Draft. Wilson played college football at Southern University. He graduated from LaGrange Senior High in Lake Charles, Louisiana.
References
1973 births
Living people
American football safeties
Players of American football from Lake Charles, Louisiana
LaGrange High School (Louisiana) alumni
Southern Jaguars football players
Miami Dolphins players
New Orleans Saints players
San Diego Chargers players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Wilson%20%28defensive%20back%29 |
Javier Santiso is the CEO and General Partner of Mundi Ventures www.mundiventures.com, an international 450M VC fund, based in Madrid. He invests in deep tech companies, IoT, cyber, AI, industrial internet and also insurtech and fintech in Europe & USA, in Paris, London, Berlin, Amsterdam, Stockholm, Madrid, Barcelona, Tel Aviv and also New York, Palo Alto, Singapore. He run in the past the tech investments of Khazanah, the US$50 billion Asian sovereign fund, and invested in multi billion tech unicorns like Farfetch (London, a startup exited and listed in the Nasdaq), Skyscanner (Edinburgh, a startup also exited and bought by Ctrip) and others like Auto1 (Berlin, now listed in Francfort). He is an independent board member of Paris Based listed company FNAC Darty and also a member of the board of Madrid based Prisa, the owner or El Pais, La Ser and Santillana. He invested in a dozen of unicorns included Wefox in Berlin, Bolttech in Singapore, Shift Technology in Paris, Job&Talent in Madrid or Betterfly in Santiago de Chile.
He is a Young Global Leader (YGL) of the World Economic Forum (Davos), and founder of the Club Mundi, a +750 network of Spanish and Foreign executives both working abroad and in Spanish multinationals or foreigners linkedin with Spain. Formerly he has been also managing director at Telefónica where he worked with the current chairman, José María Alvarez Pallete and set up the venture capital fund of funds (Amerigo, 400M Euros), worked on Wayra, the startup accelerators network worldwide and created Talentum, the hackers program. He is the Founder of Start Up Spain, the leading platform on startups and ventures powered in cooperation with Rafael del Pino Foundation. He is also interested in the interactions between artificial intelligence and emotional intelligence and plans a Forum where corporate leaders, startups founders and visual artists will be brought together, around art & technology.
Javier holds both Spanish and French nationalities,. He is a leading economist on emerging markets, startups and venture capitals. He has authored several books (listed below) and papers published in leading referee journals and edited books published by Columbia University Press, Oxford University Press or Routledge. He is a member of the World Economic Forum Global Council on Latin America. In 2011 he was named as one of the most influential iberoamerican thinkers by Foreign Policy. He has been professor at Johns Hopkins University (Washington), Sciences Po (Paris), ESADE Business School (Barcelona) and IE Business School (Madrid).
In 2010, he joined Telefónica International as a Director where he is charge of the strategy and development of Latin American Innovation Funds focused on Venture Capital and Growth Capital. He later became Director of Innovation Funds at Telefónica SA; managing director of Telefónica Europe Chairman's & CEO Office; and managing director of Global Affairs and New Ventures. He also joined ESADE Business School as a Professor of Economics and Vice President of the ESADE Centre on Global Economy and Geopolitics (ESADEgeo). He is also the chair and Founder of the OECD Emerging Markets Network (EmNet), a platform of 50 leading multinationals from OECD and emerging countries (Brazil, India, Russia, China, South Africa) that he created while at the OECD and a member of the Advisory Council of Aspen Institute France.
He started his career in academia as a tenured Research Fellow at Sciences Po Paris and associate professor at SAIS Johns Hopkins University. He has been an emerging markets economist at Crédit Agricole Indosuez. After he became chief economist for emerging markets at BBVA where he developed and led a group of 50 economists spread in 9 different countries. Later he has been the Chief Development Economist and Director of the OECD Development Centre, a policy tank of 95 staff focused on Africa, Asia and Latin American emerging markets. He has been the younger director ever named at the OECD during the past 50 years of the organization.
There he published the African Economic Outlook (AEO), conceived and launched new core products the Latin American Economic Outlook (LEO), the South East Asian Economic Outlook (SAEO) and the Global Development Outlook (GDO) on the Shifting Wealth of Nations. The OECD Development Centre experienced a profound transformation under Javier Santiso leadership, with nearly a tripling of the staff and a doubling of the Governing Board members, with most of the key emerging now full participants (Brazil, India, South Africa, Indonesia, VietNam, Egypt, Colombia, Chile, Turkey, Mexico, Poland, etc.).
Javier Santiso holds several degrees from Sciences Po, France, including a PhD, an MBA from HEC School of Management (France). He finished his doctoral studies at Oxford University where he has been also a research fellow of the St Antony's College. He followed Executive Programs at IESE Business School (Spain) and at Harvard University J.F. Kennedy School (United States). He was a visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. He gave lectures and presentations at Columbia University, Harvard University, Oxford University, London Business School, among others, and at annual conferences on emerging markets organized by The Economist (Brazil), The Financial Times (London), Munich Re (Munich), Coface (Paris), Investec Asset Management (Turkey) or Khazanah's sovereign wealth fund annual conference (Malaysia).
Javier Santiso is the author of over 70 articles on emerging markets, venture capital and startups. His most recent published books are: Latin America's Political Economy of the Possible: Beyond Good Revolutionaries and Free Marketeers, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 2007; The Oxford Handbook of Latin American Political Economy, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 2012; The Decade of the Multilatinas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013. He publishes regular Opinion Editorials in El País (Spain), Valor Económico (Brazil), and América Economía (Latin America).He publishes also novels, in 2023 with Gallimard in Paris (La traversée)and before in 2021 with La Huerta Grande in Madrid (Vivir con el corazón). He founded the art & poetry publishing house La Cama Sol www.lacamasol.com that works with writers and poets like Christian Bobin, Pascal Quignard, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Joan Margarit or Pere Gimferrer, and also painters and artists like Lita Cabellut, Etel Adnan, Paula Rego, Soledad Sevilla, Anselm Kiefer, Rachid Koraïchi, Juan Uslé, Rafael Canogar or Jaume Plensa.
Books
España 3.0., Planeta, 2015.
Banking on Democracy: Financial Markets and Elections in Emerging Economies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 2013.
The Decade of the Multilatinas, Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
The Oxford Handbook of Latin American Political Economy (Co-Ed.), Oxford and New York, 2012.
La Década de las Multilatinas, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2011.
The Visible Hand of China in Latin America (Ed.), Paris, OECD Development Centre, 2007.
Latin America's Political Economy of the Possible: Beyond good revolutionaries and free marketeers, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 2007.
Amérique latine. Révolutionnaire, libérale, pragmatique, Paris, Autrement, 2005.
The political economy of emerging markets: actors, institutions and crisis in Latin America, New York / London, Palgrave, 2003.
Les puissances émergentes d'Amérique latine. Argentine, Brésil, Chili, Mexique, Paris, Armand Colin, 1999 (with Alain Musset, Hervé Théry and Sébastien Velut).
Tiempo y democracia, Caracas, Nueva Sociedad, 1999 (co-edited with Andreas Schedler).
References
External links
Development Centre
Spanish economists
French economists
Living people
Sciences Po alumni
Academic staff of ESADE
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier%20Santiso |
Denis Aleksandrovich Yachmenev (; born 6 April 1984) is a Russian professional ice hockey player who currently plays for Rubin Tyumen of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL). He is the younger brother of former Los Angeles Kings and Nashville Predators forward Vitali Yachmenev.
Career
Yachmenev began playing junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League with the North Bay Centennials, who drafted him in the 1st Round (26th overall) of the 2001 CHL Import Draft. He was then drafted 200th overall by the Florida Panthers in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He spent one more season in the OHL for the Saginaw Spirit before returning to Russia for the 2003–04 to join Amur Khabarovsk of the Russian Superleague.
The team were relegated from the Superleague that season but Yachmenev remained with the team in the second-tier Vysshaya Liga for the next two seasons. He then returned to the Superleague in 2006 with Sibir Novosibirsk for one season before moving to Traktor Chelyabinsk the following season. He played eight games for Traktor in the newly created Kontinental Hockey League in the 2008–09 KHL season before spending the remainder of the season with their secondary team.
Career statistics
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Amur Khabarovsk players
HC Sibir Novosibirsk players
Florida Panthers draft picks
North Bay Centennials players
Rubin Tyumen players
Russian ice hockey left wingers
Saginaw Spirit players
Ice hockey people from Chelyabinsk
Traktor Chelyabinsk players
Tsen Tou Jilin City players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Yachmenev |
Marvin Glass and Associates (MGA) was a toy design and engineering firm based in Chicago. Marvin Glass (1914–1974) and his employees created some of the most successful toys and games of the twentieth century such as Mr. Machine, Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots, Lite Brite, Ants in the Pants, Mouse Trap, Operation, Simon, Body Language, and the Evel Knievel Stunt Cycle.
History
Marvin Glass and Associates was founded in 1941. Its founder, Marvin Glass, was an entrepreneur and the creative force behind Marvin Glass and Associates. His salesmanship and uncanny ability to spark creativity in the designers he employed was unparalleled. In 1949, he licensed a "novelty item" to H. Fishlove & Company called Yakity Yak Talking Teeth. This item was invented by Eddy Goldfarb, who worked with Marvin Glass for a very short time after World War II.
The first big hit for Marvin Glass was Mr. Machine, a toy invented by a former watchmaker named Leo Kripak. A child could take Mr. Machine apart and put him back together. It was licensed to Ideal Toys and became such a hit that Lionel Weintraub, its president, made it his company mascot and featured it in many of Ideal's early TV ads. The company became so successful that Marvin Glass got his company logo printed on every package for the items it invented and licensed.
The organization's general counsel, James F. Coffee, and accountant Ernest Sonderling, were the architects of the successful business model whereby the designs and inventions were patented and licensed to various toy companies and manufacturers who would pay running royalties based on sales. Outside counsel, chairman and founder of the Intellectual Property Department at McDermott Will & Emery, Robert J. Schneider, was responsible for procuring the patents and protecting them from infringement. Mr. Schneider is currently co-chair of the Intellectual Property Department of Taft, Stettinius & Hollister LLP.
Joseph M. Burck was a senior designer at Marvin Glass through the mid-1960s to early 1980s and invented or designed many of MGA's hottest items such as Inch Worm, Lite-Brite, Astrolite, Which Witch, Masterpiece, SSP Racers, Chu-Bops, and the Evel Knievel line of toys (Burck was Knievel's personal guest at the infamous Snake River Canyon jump.) Burck holds 10 US patents for items developed by MGA. Time Magazine named Lite-Brite one of the top 100 toys of all time.
Marvin Glass died in 1974. Two years later, managing partner Anson Isaacson, partner Joseph Callan and designer Kathy Dunn were shot and killed and two others seriously wounded at the company's offices in Chicago. The perpetrator was 33-year old Albert Keller, a designer suffering from paranoid delusions who then killed himself.
MGA was contracted by Bally-Midway to design coin-operated video games during the 1980s. Some of the games produced by MGA during this era include Tapper, Domino Man and Timber.
The company continued in operation until 1988. Several partners from Marvin Glass and Associates subsequently started Chicago-based Big Monster Toys.
Designs by manufacturer
Unknown
1969 Sketch a Toon
Amurol
1980 Chu-Bops
Aurora
1972 Skittle Horseshoes
1973 Flip It
Cardinal
1969 Finders Keepers
Fisher-Price Toys
1988 Smoochees
Gilbert
1965 James Bond 007 Action Toys
1965 American Flyer All Aboard Sets
Hasbro
1963 Ambush!
1967 That Kid Doll
1967 Lite Brite
1969 AstroLite, Astro Sound
1971 Inchworm, Alley Up
1973 Super Sunday Football
1974 Ricochet Racers
1988 C.O.P.s and Crooks
Hubley
1962 Golferino (See also Milton Bradley)
Ideal
1960 Mr. Machine
1961 Robot Commando
1962 Gaylord, Bop the Beetle, King Zor
1963 Mouse Trap
1964 Crazy Clock
1965 Fish Bait
1964 Clancy the Great
1965 Tigeroo Bike Siren
1966 Babysitter Game
1967 Careful
1968 Little Lost Baby
1969 Ants in the Pants
1970 Mr. Mad
1973 Evel Knievel Stunt Cycle
1977 Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Puppets & Trolley
1985 Rocks Bugs and Things
1959 Tic Toy Clock
Irwin
1963 Dandy the Lion
1964 Interior Decorator Set
Kenner
1970 The Wall Walker
1970 SSP
1971 Smash Up Derby
1972 Blythe Doll
1975 Hugo Man of Thousand Faces
Lakeside
1970 Brink Ball
1970 Mad Marbles
Marx
1961 Great Garloo
1963 Penny the Poodle
1964 Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots
1964 Perils of Pauline (board game)
1972 Bops 'n Robbers
1973 Silly Sammy
Matchbox
1972 Big M-X
1974 Fighting Furies pirate action figures
Mattel
1961 PopZaBall
Milton Bradley
1963 Jungle Hunt
1964 Time Bomb
1965 Mystery Date
1966 Mosquito (game)
1967 Fang Bang
1968 Sand Lot Slugger, Bucket of Fun
1969 Dynamite Shack
1970 Snoopy and the Red Baron; Which Witch?
1971 Stay Alive
1974 Body Language
1974 Trip Hammer
1979 SIMON
Parker Brothers
1968 Situation 4
1970 Mind Maze, Rattle Battle, The Tiny Tim of Beautiful Things, Twiddler
1971 Gnip Gnop, Masterpiece
1974 Tug Boat
Schaper Toys
1963 King of the Hill
1966 Thing Ding
1967 Clean Sweep
1968 Big Mouth
1969 Ants in the Pants
1972 Don't Blow Your Top
1974 Jack Be Nimble
Whitman
1969 Humor Rumor
References
External links
Video: WBBM Channel 2 Chicago News Feature story and interview of Marvin Glass (1972)
Working at the Marvin Glass Studio - Recollections of a Former Employee by Erick Erickson
Marvin Glass page at Boardgame Geek
Photo: Marvin Glass (center) won't unveil a new toy to a buyer unless he signs a promise not to copy it. Left, engineer John Parks of Glass's staff.
Toy companies of the United States
Defunct toy manufacturers
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Toy inventors
Companies based in Chicago
American companies established in 1941
Consulting firms established in 1941
Design companies established in 1941
American companies disestablished in 1988
1941 establishments in Illinois
1988 disestablishments in Illinois
Defunct companies based in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%20Glass%20and%20Associates |
The Juno Award for "Video of the Year" has been awarded since 1984, as recognition each year for the best music video made by a Canadian video director. The award is presented based on the Canadian nationality of the director, not necessarily the song or recording artist; there have been a number of instances where directors have been nominated or won for videos that were created for songs by American or British artists.
The award used to be called "Best Video".
Winners
Best Video (1984 - 2002)
Video of the Year (2003 - Present)
References
Video
Canadian music video awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Video%20of%20the%20Year |
Road signs in Malaysia are standardised road signs similar to those used in Europe but with certain distinctions. Until the early 1980s, Malaysia closely practice in road sign design, with diamond-shaped warning signs and circular restrictive signs to regulate traffic. Signs usually use the Transport Heavy (cf. the second image shown to the right) font on non-tolled roads and highways. Tolled expressways signs use a font specially designed for the Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) which is LLM Lettering. It has two type of typefaces, LLM Narrow and LLM Normal. Older road signs used the FHWA Series fonts (Highway Gothic) typeface also used in the United States, Canada, and Australia.
Malaysian traffic signs use Bahasa Malaysia (Malay), the official and national language of Malaysia. However, English is also used for used at public places such as tourist attractions, airports, railway stations and immigration checkpoints. Both Malay and English are used in the road signs that are located along the Pengerang Highway (Federal Route 92), which links Kota Tinggi to Sungai Rengit in Johor state and Genting Sempah-Genting Highlands Highway which links Genting Sempah to Genting Highlands, which also have Chinese and Tamil on signs.
According to the road category under Act 333, the Malaysian Road Transport Act 1987, chapter 67, blue traffic signs are used for federal, state and municipal roads. Green signs are used for toll expressways or highways only. There are four major types of road signs in Malaysia. First is Warning Signs (Tanda Amaran), second is Prohibition Signs (Tanda Larangan), third is Mandatory Signs (Tanda Wajib) and fourth is Information Signs (Tanda Maklumat).
Warning signs
Malaysian warning signs are diamond-shaped or rectangular and are yellow and black or red and white in colour.
Prohibition signs
Malaysia prohibition signs are round with red outline and black pictogram.
Speed limit signs
These signs show speed limit on roads.
Mandatory signs
Mandatory instruction signs are round with blue backgrounds and white pictogram. These are also used in signifying specific vehicle type lanes.
Information signs
Malaysian information signs are blue green and brown.
Temporary signs
The Construction signs in Malaysia are diamond-shape on rectangle sign and are Orange and Black in color.
See also
Integrated Transport Information System
Malaysian Expressway System
Malaysian Federal Roads system
Malaysian Public Works Department
Malaysian Road Transport Department
National Speed Limits
Automated Enforcement System
Puspakom
Transportation in Malaysia
References
External links
Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) website
Malaysian Road Signs Information Brochure
Malaysia
Signs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20signs%20in%20Malaysia |
Germany–Russia relations display cyclical patterns, moving back and forth from cooperation and alliance to strain and to total warfare. Historian John Wheeler-Bennett says that since the 1740s:
Relations between Russia and Germany...have been a series of alienations, distinguished for their bitterness, and of rapprochements, remarkable for their warmth....A cardinal factor in the relationship has been the existence of an independent Poland...when separated by a buffer state the two great Powers of eastern Europe have been friendly, whereas a contiguity of frontiers has bred hostility.
Otto von Bismarck established the League of the Three Emperors in 1873 with Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. But after Bismarck's dismissal in 1890, his successors chose to support Austria against Russia over competing influence in the Balkans. Germany fought against Russia in World War I (1914–1918). Relations were warm in the 1920s, very cold in the 1930s, friendly in 1939–41, and then turned into war to the death in 1941–45. In the 1920s both countries co-operated with each other in trade and (secretly) in military affairs. Hostilities escalated in the 1930s as the Fascists sponsored by Berlin and the Communists sponsored by Moscow fought each other across the world, most famously in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). In a stunning turnabout in August 1939, both countries came to an agreement, and divided up the previously independent nations of Eastern Europe. That détente collapsed in 1941 when Germany invaded the USSR. The Soviets survived however and formed an alliance with Britain and the U.S., and pushed the Germans back, capturing Berlin in May 1945.
During the Cold War 1947–1991, Germany was divided, with East Germany under Communist control and under the close watch of Moscow, which stationed a large military force there and repressed an uprising in 1953. Since the end of the Cold War and German reunification, in 1989–91, Germany and Russia have developed a "Strategic Partnership" in which energy is indisputably one of the most important factors. Germany and Russia depend on each other for energy, namely in Germany's need for energy from Russia and Russia's need for heavy German investment to develop its energy infrastructure.
According to a 2014 BBC World Service poll, only 21% of Germans view Russia's influence positively, which is on a par with the United States of America. Russians, however, have a much more positive view of Germany than Germans do of Russia, with 57% viewing Germany's influence positively and 12% negatively.
Relations turned highly negative in 2014 in response to Russia's seizure of Crimea from Ukraine and support for insurgents in Ukraine. Germany was a leader between NATO Quint in imposing round after round of increasingly harsh European Union sanctions against the Russian oil and banking industries and top allies of President Vladimir Putin. Russia responded by cutting food imports from the EU.
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine led to a near complete reversal of German-Russian relations with the new German Chancellor, Olaf Scholz, "ordering" the immediate transfer of thousands of missiles to the Ukrainian military to aid in its fight against the invading Russian forces. Germany has also participated in severe economic banking sanctions against Russia since the start of the war. However, Germany is very dependent on Russia for natural gas and has been less willing to sanction this sector, aside from halting the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline and the attack on September 26 temporarily shutting the pipes down. The pipeline made up a significant portion of Germany's petroleum imports from Russia. In response to sanctions imposed by Germany and the West, Russia gradually plunged flows of gas, which came to a complete halt in September 2022.
History
Early history
The earliest contact between Germans and East Slavs is unknown, though evidence of East Germanic loan-words suggest Slavic interactions with the Goths. Substantive historically recorded contact goes back to the times of the Teutonic Knights' campaigns in the Baltic, where the Knights took control of the land in the 13th century CE. Prince Alexander Nevsky defeated the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of the Ice in 1242.
Russia before the mid-18th century stood largely aloof from German affairs, while Germany, until the Napoleonic period, remained divided into numerous small states under the nominal leadership of the Holy Roman Emperor.
After Russia's Great Northern War of 1700-1721 against Sweden, however, Russia's influence spread definitively into the Baltic area.
German migrations eastward
Over the centuries, from the Middle Ages onwards, German settlers steadily moved eastward, often into mostly Slavic areas and areas near to or controlled by Russia. Flegel points out that German farmers, traders and entrepreneurs moved into East and West Prussia, the Baltic region (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Danzig and Vistula River region, Galicia, Slovenia, the Banat, the Bachka, Bukovina, Transylvania, the Volga River district of Russia, Posen, the Duchy of Warsaw, Polish and Ukrainian Volhynia, Bessarabia, and the Mount Ararat region between the 17th and the 20th centuries. Often they came at the invitation of Russian governments. The Germans typically became the dominant factors in land-owning and in business enterprise. Some groups, such as part of the Mennonites, migrated to North America 1860–1914. The Germans in the Baltic states returned home voluntarily in 1940. Some 12 to 14 million were brutally expelled from Poland, Czechoslovakia and other countries in Eastern Europe in 1944–46, with the death of 500,000 or more. When the Cold War ended Germany funded the return of hundreds of thousands of people of German descent, whether or not they spoke German.
A number of Baltic Germans served as ranking generals in the Russian Imperial Army and Navy, including Michael Barclay de Tolly, Adam von Krusenstern, Fabian von Bellingshausen, Friedrich von Buxhoeveden, Paul von Rennenkampf, Ivan Ivanovich Michelson and Eduard Totleben.
Many Baltic Germans (such as Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, Yevgeny Miller, and Anatoly Lieven) sided with the Whites and related anti-Bolshevik forces (like the Baltische Landeswehr and the Freikorps movement) during the Russian Civil War.
Prussia and Russia
With the creation of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the proclamation of the Russian Empire in 1721, two powerful new states emerged that began to interact.
They fought on opposite sides during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740 – 1748), but the war saw both grow in power. Russia defeated Sweden and Prussia defeated Austria. Russia and Prussia again were at odds during the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) and fought the battles of Gross-Jägersdorf, Zorndorf, Kay and Kunersdorf. However, when Russian Tsar Peter III came to power, he made peace with Prussia by signing the Treaty of Saint Petersburg, allowing Prussian King Frederick the Great to concentrate on his other enemies.
Prussia and Russia in agreement with Austria then cooperated to carve up Poland-Lithuania between them in 1772, 1793, and 1795. Poland disappeared from the map.
Both Russia and Prussia had absolute monarchies that reacted sharply when the French Revolution executed the king. They at first were part of the coalition against the new French regime during the French Revolutionary Wars and later the Napoleonic Wars. During the Napoleonic era (1799 to 1815) Austria, Prussia, and Russia were at one time or another in coalition with Napoleon against his arch-enemy Great Britain. In the end, the two German states of Austria and Prussia united with Russia and Britain in opposing Napoleon. That coalition was primarily a matter of convenience for each nation. The key matchmaker was the Austrian Chancellor Klemens von Metternich, who forged a united front that proved decisive in overthrowing Napoleon, 1813–1814.
Russia was the most powerful force on the continent after 1815 and played a major role in the Concert of Europe which included France, Russia, Austria and Britain, but not Prussia. In 1815, the Holy Alliance consisting of Prussia, Russia and Austria was completed in Paris. For forty years (1816–56) Russian-German diplomat Karl Nesselrode as foreign minister guided Russian foreign policy. The revolutions of 1848 did not reach Russia, but its political and economic system was inadequate to maintain a modern army. It did poorly in the Crimean War. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." The Crimean War marked the end of the Concert of Europe. Prussia was shaken by the Revolutions of 1848 but was able to withstand the revolutionaries' call to war against Russia. Prussia did go to war with Denmark, however, and was only stopped by British and Russian pressure. Prussia remained neutral in the Crimean War.
Prussia's successes in the Wars of German Unification in the 1860s were facilitated by Russia's lack of involvement. The creation of the German Empire under Prussian dominance in 1871, however, greatly changed the relations between the two countries.
The German and Russian Empires
Initially, it seemed as if the two great empires would be strong allies. German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck formed the League of the Three Emperors in 1872 binding together Russia, Austria, and Germany. The League stated that republicanism and socialism were common enemies, and that the three powers would discuss any matters concerning foreign policy. Bismarck needed good relations with Russia in order to keep France isolated. In 1877–1878, Russia fought a victorious war with the Ottoman Empire and attempted to impose the Treaty of San Stefano on it. This upset the British in particular, as they were long concerned with preserving the Ottoman Empire and preventing a Russian takeover of the Bosphorus. Germany hosted the Congress of Berlin (1878), whereby a more moderate peace settlement was agreed to. Germany had no direct interest in the Balkans, however, which was largely an Austrian and Russian sphere of influence.
In 1879, Bismarck formed a Dual Alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary, with the aim of mutual military assistance in the case of an attack from Russia, which was not satisfied with the agreement reached at the Congress of Berlin. The establishment of the Dual Alliance led Russia to take a more conciliatory stance, and in 1887, the so-called Reinsurance Treaty was signed between Germany and Russia: in it, the two powers agreed on mutual military support in the case that France attacked Germany, or in case of an Austrian attack on Russia. Russia turned its attention eastward to Asia and remained largely inactive in European politics for the next 25 years.
Germany was somewhat worried about Russia's potential industrialization—it had far more potential soldiers—while Russia feared Germany's already established industrial power. In 1907 Russia went into a coalition with Britain and France, the Triple Entente.
The ultimate result of this was that Russia and Germany became enemies in World War I. The Eastern Front saw Germany successful, with victories at Tannenberg, First and Second Masurian Lakes and Lake Naroch. The czarist system collapsed in 1917. The Bolsheviks came to power in the October Revolution. The new regime signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which was highly advantageous to Germany, although it was reversed when Germany surrendered to the Allies in November 1918.
Interwar period
After the peace treaties that ended the Great War, the newly created states of the Weimar Republic and the Soviet Union both found themselves outcasts in the international system and gravitated toward each other. The Treaty of Rapallo (1922) formalized their warming relationship. Until 1933 the Soviet Union secretly provided training camps for the German Armed Forces.
The coming to power in 1933 of Adolf Hitler and the creation of the Nazi state with its virulent anti-Semitic and anti-communist rhetoric made for extremely hostile propaganda in both directions. Nazi propaganda, across Europe and Latin America, focused on warnings against Jewish and Bolshevik threats emanating from Moscow. The Comintern, representing Moscow's international Communist network, moved to a popular front approach after 1934, allowing the Communists worldwide to cooperate with socialists, intellectuals and workers on the left in opposing Fascism. The worldwide left-wing support for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) proved of enormous aid to the Communist cause. Germany and the Soviets both sent military forces and advisors into Spain, as did Italy.
The Spanish Civil War was in part a proxy war. The Nationalists led by General Francisco Franco and the Republican government fought it out for the control of the country. Militarily, the Nationalists usually had the upper hand and they won in the end. Germany sent in the Condor Legion comprising elite air and tank units to the Nationalist forces. The Soviet Union sent military and political advisors, and sold munitions in support of the "Loyalist," or Republican, side. The Comintern helped Communist parties around the world send volunteers to the International Brigades that fought for the Loyalists.
In August 1939 the two totalitarian states stunned the world by coming to a major agreement, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. They agreed to invade and partition Poland and divided up Eastern Europe. The Soviets provided Germany with oil and reversed the anti-Nazi rhetoric of Communist parties around the world. At the same time, the Soviet and German interests were not reconciled in the Balkano-Danubian region. Thus, during 1940-1941 hot Soviet-German discussions concerning a new division of the South-Eastern Europe were going on. In June 1940, Moscow recognized that Slovakia was in the German sphere of influence. Otherwise, Russian request for the exclusive influence in Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey was rejected by Berlin in November 1940.
German invasion of Soviet Union and World War II
In 1941, it was Russia's turn, yet Joseph Stalin refused to believe the multiple warnings of a German invasion. Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941, captured or destroyed multiple Soviet armies, and reached the gates of Moscow by December. Stalin fought back and forged close relations with Britain and the United States, both of which provided large amounts of munitions.
The Eastern Front became the horrendous ideological and race war with more than 27 million killed, including Soviet prisoners of war and Jews. It was perhaps the bloodiest conflict in human history.
After the war: the Soviet Union and the two German states
The defeat of Germany by the Soviets and the Western allies eventually led to the occupation and partition of Germany and the expulsions of most ethnic-Germans from Soviet-conquered areas.
The creation of West Germany and East Germany complicated relations. West Germany initially tried to claim that it was the only German state and the East was illegitimate and under the Hallstein Doctrine refused to have relation with any socialist state except the Soviet Union itself. This policy eventually gave way to Ostpolitik, under which West Germany recognized the East.
Gorbachev gave up on trying to support the deeply unpopular East German government. After the Revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Berlin Wall, Germany was allowed to reunite by the World War II Allies. The Communist regime in East Germany collapsed and the country became part of West Germany. One issue was the presence of large numbers of Soviet troops; West Germany paid for their repatriation for housing them in the USSR.
Remarkably, despite the two 20th century wars, there are very few hard feelings against Germany in modern Russia, particularly on the part of Russians born after 1945. Moreover, in many places in Russia German war cemeteries were established in places of fierce World War II battles.
Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation
Relations between the two nations since the fall of Communism in 1991 have been generally good but not always without tension. German chancellor Gerhard Schröder placed high value on relations with Russia and worked for the completion of the Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline between them. His successor Angela Merkel, an Easterner and former dissident, has been more critical and clashed with Russian president Vladimir Putin over human rights and other issues. However, she, like her predecessor, always put a high value on the Nordstream pipeline, due to its ability to increase Russian influence. Most of the human rights issues could be seen as side-shows for the public - whilst the end-goal was always the completion of, and compensation for, NordStream. The project under both the Bush and Obama administration moved forward at rapid pace, but with only 300 km left, the Trump Administration halted the project by putting pressure on the Danish company overseeing the completion of the pipeline. Germany's relations with Russia were never likely to be as cozy under Angela Merkel as under her predecessor, Gerhard Schröder, who adopted a 3-year-old Russian girl and, on his 60th birthday, invited President Vladimir V. Putin home to celebrate.
Germany created a German-Russian Forum () in 1993. Alexandra Gräfin Lambsdorff was its first president.
21st century
After the failure of the Soviet Union and troubles of the early Russian Federation, a policy of rapprochement named Wandel durch Handel ensued.
In 2007 then-Minister of Foreign Affairs Frank-Walter Steinmeier published a long article explaining his rationale on EU being such a exceptional role model on international cooperation that Putinite Russia will unavoidably get "like us" by merely "intertwining of interests" (Verflechtung), and also that "a pan-European peace order and a lasting solution to important security problems (…) can only be achieved with Russia, not without it or even against it".
Even after the five-day Russo-Georgian War in August 2008, Steinmeier argued for a new Ostpolitik and proposed a comprehensive project of ‘Partnership for Modernisation’ – a continued attempt of ‘westernisation’ of Russia and thus an export of norms, institutions and procedures of the western community. Relations were normal in the first part of the new century, with expanding trade relations and an increasing German reliance on pipeline shipments of Russian natural gas, especially in light of the November 2011 completion of the Nord Stream 1 pipeline. Generations of German foreign ministers helped over many years to admit Putin into the WTO, which occurred after a span of two decades in 2011.
Relations turned negative in 2014 in response to Russia's seizure of Crimea from Ukraine and support for insurgents in Ukraine. Germany was a leader between NATO Quint in imposing round after round of increasingly harsh sanctions against the Russian oil and banking industries and top allies of President Putin. Russia responded by cutting food imports from the EU.
Since the crisis began, Chancellor Angela Merkel told President Putin that the referendum on accession of Crimea to Russia is illegal.
2014–2021
The European Union, the United States and their allies began using economic sanctions to force Russia to reverse course regarding Ukraine and stop supporting 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine. The Los Angeles Times reported that:
Merkel and her fellow Western leaders are angered by Russia's actions in Ukraine, especially its seizure of Crimea, support for pro-Russia separatists in eastern Ukraine and fresh military incursion. Moscow's denial that it has any involvement in Ukraine's blood conflict only irks them more. The German chancellor has signaled a tougher stance toward Russia, spelling out her willingness to sacrifice German economic interests and further boost sanctions to send a strong message that Moscow's actions are unacceptable. [She said,] "Being able to change borders in Europe without consequences, and attacking other countries with troops, is in my view a far greater danger than having to accept certain disadvantages for the economy."
On the left, however, former Social Democrat Chancellor Gerhard Schröder announced his understanding of Russian policies and support for Putin. The New York Times editorialized that Schröder's decision to "embrace him [Putin] in a bear hug sent an unacceptable signal that some prominent Europeans are willing to ignore Mr. Putin's brutish ways." According to the Russian news agency ITAR/TASS in September 2014, Russia's Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev admitted the sanctions are hurting the Russian economy and slowing its growth. However he expected to support oil industries that are hurt, to seek financing and high technology from Asia, and to import food from new sources. Germany also tried to persuade Russia to return to the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, which it had abrogated in March 2015. Even as late as 2016, "German leaders rejected the proposal to send weapons to the post-Maidan Ukrainian government, as advocated by Republican congressmen in the US and treated as a possibility by Barack Obama, since pursuit of a military solution to the conflict collided with Germany’s post-war pacific security culture."
Germany has traditionally been one of Russia's key economic partners. The annual trade turnover between the two countries had exceeded the $80 billion-level just before the sanctions were imposed. It is estimated that mutual sanctions entailed the decline in the bilateral trade volume of up to 20% that meant billions of losses for the German economy and, obviously, many jobs being cut. By early 2014, when the conflict was about to start, not only did German exports to Russia constitute the third of the whole EU's, but more than 6,200 German firms operated in Russia itself. In 2017, for the first time since the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions in 2014, bilateral trade increased - by 22.8%, amounting to about $50 billion. In the first eight months of 2018, the volume of mutual trade between Russia and Germany increased by almost a quarter compared to the same period last year. At the same time, Russian exports to Germany in 2018 increased by 35% to $22.1 billion, while imports rose by 12% to $16.9 billion.
Russians believe their main enemies in the world are the U.S., Ukraine, Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, with 62 percent of Russians polled have a poor opinion of the EU, while Germany is rated poorly, according to a Levada Center poll that measures sentiments towards other countries. Belarus, Kazakhstan, Cuba, China, India and Armenia are Russia's best friends in the world, according to the poll asking which countries do Russians see favorably. Nonetheless, Russians are most hostile towards the United States, with 82 percent of Russians polled picking America as a top-five enemy. Ukraine came second, with 48 percent of those polled believing the country is a foe. Germany, while not rated favorably, is seen with a friendlier attitude by Russians.
A Levada poll released in August 2018 found that 68% of Russian respondents believe that Russia needs to dramatically improve relations with Western countries, including Germany. A Levada poll released in February 2020 found that 80% of Russian respondents believe that Russia and the West should become friends and partners.
The East StratCom Task Force of the European External Action Service registered an increase in false information propagated in Russia about Germany as a result of the deterioration in German-Russian relations developed since the Poisoning of Alexei Navalny.
In October 2021, German Defense Minister Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer had talked about the possibility of deploying nuclear weapons against Russia. She noted that nuclear weapons are a "means of deterrence."
2022–present
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine started, Germany, as one of the EU countries, imposed sanctions on Russia, and Russia added all EU countries to the list of "unfriendly nations". Germany joined other countries in spring 2022 in declaring a number of Russian diplomats persona non grata.
In April 2022, the German government said it will send 1 billion euros in military aid to Ukraine. On 17 May 2022, German Finance Minister Christian Lindner said he is "politically open to the idea of seizing" the frozen foreign-exchange reserves of the Central Bank of Russia —which amount to over $300 billion— to cover the costs of rebuilding Ukraine after the war. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Grushko remarked that it would amount to "complete lawlessness", and that the measure would hurt Germany if adopted.
German Riol Chemie GmbH has allegedly illegally delivered chemicals to Russia, including precursor for Novichok.
In late 2022, Germany announced its first trade deficit since 1991, after it introduced a Russian oil embargo. The country has been buckling under an acute energy shortage, approving cost-intensive subsidies to protect households from soaring energy bills. In fall 2022, Russia had halted gas flows via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline several times, blaming Western sanctions against Russia. Russia's foreign ministry blamed the United States for Germany's energy crisis, by pushing its leaders towards a "suicidal" step of cutting economic and energy cooperation with Moscow, which he claimed had been a reliable energy supplier since Soviet times, despite previous Russian-Ukrainian gas disputes having affected Russia's natural gas supply to Europe in 2006 and 2009.
The discussion on the legitimacy of economic sanctions against Russia had a significant impact on Germany's political landscape. Parties to the right (AfD) and to the left (Die Linke) are split on the issue whether economic sanctions are effective to stop the conflict, and how they impact the German economy. Proponents of the right wanted to support the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, while politicians to the left have voiced similar concerns with regard to Germany's economic viability.
In April 2023, Germany expelled 50 Russian diplomats, the action was reportedly taken "in order to reduce the presence of Russian intelligence in Germany". Russia closed four of the five Russian Consulates in Germany. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded by expelling 34 German diplomats from Moscow, stating that Germany "continues to demonstratively destroy the entire array of Russian-German relations". In May 2023, the German Foreign Ministry stated that hundreds of Germans would be expelled from Moscow at the beginning of June, this due to a decision by Russia to cap the number of German employees in the country. Those expelled include employees from the German School Moscow.
Russians in Germany
Since German reunification, Germany is home to a fast-growing and large community of people of Russian ancestry who have moved to Germany as full citizens. In the 1990s, some 100,000 to 200,000 arrived annually. Germany also has funded the communities that remain behind in Russia.
Education
Russian international schools in Germany include the Russian Embassy School in Berlin and the Russian Consulate School in Bonn. There is a German school in Russia: German School Moscow.
Cooperation
Russia regards Germany as its foremost European partner; conversely, Russia is an important trading partner for Germany.
Germany and Russia are cooperating in building the Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline.
Many former East Germans have a good command of the Russian language and considerable knowledge about Russia. The German language is in a firm second place (behind English) at Russian schools. President Putin speaks German at a near-native level, Chancellor Merkel speaks Russian fluently and both leaders also have a strong command of English. On 11 April 2005, a "Joint Declaration on a Strategic Partnership in Education, Research and Innovation" was signed by Chancellor Schröder and President Putin. This accord aims at stepping up bilateral cooperation in the education sector, particularly in training specialist and executive personnel.
Germany has a heavy industry with the size and capacity to modernize infrastructure in Russia. Russia in turn has vast natural resources which are of significant interest to the German economy.
A major success in environment policy is Russia's ratification of the Kyoto Protocol on 27 October 2004, which will also bring economic benefits.
Germany was a strong supporter for Russia's participation in the Group of 8.
Germany along with France and Russia opposed Ukrainian and Georgian invitations to NATO during NATO's Bucharest summit in 2008. Consequently, NATO did not invite Ukraine and Georgia to MAP (Membership Action Plan).
Embassies
The Embassy of Germany is located in Moscow, Russia. The Embassy of Russia is located in Berlin, Germany.
See also
Russia in the European energy sector
Germany–Soviet Union relations before 1941
Cold War II
References
Bibliography
Berkhoff, Karel C. Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule (Belknap, 2004)
Beyrau, Dietrich, and Mark Keck-Szajbel. "Mortal Embrace: Germans and (Soviet) Russians in the First Half of the 20th Century," Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, Volume 10, Number 3, Summer 2009 pp. 423–439
Burleigh, Michael. Germany turns eastwards: a study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich (1988)
David-Fox, Michael, Peter Holquist, and Alexander M. Martin, eds. Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, 1914-1945 (U. of Pittsburgh Press; 2012) 392 pages; considers the perceptions and misperceptions on both sides
Dulian, A. "The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact: Historical Background," International Affairs: A Russian Journal of World Politics, Diplomacy & International Relations, 2009, Vol. 55 Issue 6, pp 181–187
Dyck, Harvey L. Weimar Germany and Soviet Russia, 1926-1933 (1984)
Forsberg, Tuomas. "From Ostpolitik to ‘frostpolitik’? Merkel, Putin and German foreign policy towards Russia." International Affairs 92.1 (2016): 21-42 online
Geyer, Michael, and Sheila Fitzpatrick, eds. Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism Compared (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Haslam, Jonathan. "Soviet-German Relations and the Origins of the Second World War: The Jury is Still Out," Journal of Modern History, 79 (1997), pp. 785–97 in JSTOR
Jacobs, Jonathan. "Between Westbindung and Ostpolitik: Reconceptualising German-Russian Relations 2014-2017." (2019). online
Jelavich, Barbara. St. Petersburg and Moscow: tsarist and Soviet foreign policy, 1814-1974 (1974).
Kuklick, Bruce American Policy and the Division of Germany: The Clash with Russia over Reparations (Cornell U. Press, 1972)
Laqueur, Walter. Russia and Germany (1965), covers what Russians and Germans thought of each other, 1860–1960.
Leach, Barry A. German Strategy Against Russia, 1939-41 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973)
Lieven, Dominic. Russia against Napoleon: the battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814 (2009)
Liulevicius, Vejas Gabriel. War on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
Liulevicius, Vejas Gabriel. The German myth of the East: 1800 to the present (Oxford University Press, 2010)
Naimark, Norman M. The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949 (1997)
Nekrich, Aleksandr Moiseevich. Pariahs, partners, predators: German-Soviet relations, 1922-1941 (Columbia University Press, 1997).
Overy, Richard. The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia (2005)
Roberts, Geoffrey. The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War: Russo-German Relations and the Road to War, 1933-41 (1995)
Salzmann, Stephanie. Great Britain, Germany and the Soviet Union: Rapallo and after, 1922-1934 (2002)
Schroeder, Paul W. The transformation of European politics, 1763-1848 (1994) detailed diplomatic history covering Prusia and Russia (and the other major powers)
Stent, Angela. Russia and Germany Reborn (2000) on 1990s
Taylor, A.J.P. The Struggle for Master in Europe: 1848-1918 (1954), a broad overview of the diplomacy of all the major powers
Uldricks, Teddy J. "War, Politics and Memory: Russian Historians Reevaluate the Origins of World War II," History and Memory 21#2 (2009), pp. 60–2 online; historiography
Watt, Donald Cameron. How War Came: The Immediate Origins of the Second World War; 1938-1939 (1989), pp. 361–84, 447–61.
Weinberg, Gerhard L. Germany and the Soviet Union 1939-1941 (1972)
Williamson, Jr., Samuel R. and Ernest R. May. "An Identity of Opinion: Historians and July 1914," Journal of Modern History, June 2007, Vol. 79 Issue 2, pp 335–387 in JSTOR
Yoder, Jennifer A. "From Amity to Enmity: German-Russian Relations in the Post Cold War Period." German Politics & Society 33#3 (2015): 49–69.
External links
Petersburger Dialogue (in German and Russian only)
Bergedorfer Round Table
Russia
Bilateral relations of Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia%20relations |
was one of four of heavy cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy, serving in World War II. She was named after the Kumano River Kii Peninsula on the island of Honshu in central Japan. The Mogami-class ships were constructed as "light cruisers" (per the Washington Naval Treaty) with five triple 6.1-inch dual purpose guns. They were exceptionally large for light cruisers, and the barbettes for the main battery were designed for quick refitting with twin 8-inch guns. In 1937 all four ships were "converted" to heavy cruisers in this fashion. Kumano served in numerous combat engagements in the Pacific War, until she was eventually sunk by carrier aircraft from Task Force 38 while she was undergoing repairs at Santa Cruz, Zambales, Philippines, in November 1944.
Background and design
Built under the Maru-1 Naval Armaments Supplement Programme, the Mogami-class cruisers were designed to the maximum limits allowed by the Washington Naval Treaty, using the latest technology. This resulted in the choice of the dual purpose (DP) 15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type naval guns as the main battery in five triple turrets capable of 55° elevation. These were the first Japanese cruisers with triple turrets. Secondary armament included eight 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval guns in four twin turrets, and 24 Type 93 Long Lance torpedoes in four rotating quadruple mounts.
To save weight, electric welding was used, as was aluminum in the superstructure, and a single funnel stack. New impulse geared turbine engines, driving four shafts with three-bladed propellers gave a top speed of , which was better than most contemporary cruiser designs. The Mogami class had twin balanced rudders, rather than the single rudder of previous Japanese cruiser designs.
The class was designed from the start to be upgraded into heavy cruisers with the replacement of their main battery with 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns in twin turrets.
However, in initial trials in 1935, Mogami and were plagued with technical problems due to their untested equipment and welding defects, and also proved to be top-heavy with stability problems in heavy weather. Both vessels, and their yet-to-be-completed sisters, Kumano and underwent a complete and very costly rebuilding program. Once rebuilt, the design, with its very high speed, armor protection, and heavy armament was among the best in the world during World War II.
Service career
Early career
Kumano was laid down at Kawasaki Shipyards in Kobe on 4 April 1934, launched on 15 October 1936 and completed on 31 October 1937. Her first captain was Captain Shōji Nishimura, who oversaw her completion and remained captain until May 1939, although she almost immediately underwent modification work at Kure Naval Arsenal which was not completed until October 1939. Her first operational commander was Captain Kaoru Arima, from 15 November 1939 until 15 October 1940. From 16 July 1941, Kumano was part of Sentai-7, together with her sisters Mogami, Mikuma and Suzuya, and was based out of Hainan in support of the Japanese invasion of French Indochina.
World War II
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kumano was the flagship for Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue’s IJN 4th Fleet and deployed to cover the Japanese invasion of Malaya as part of Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's First Southern Expeditionary Fleet, providing close support for landings of Japanese troops at Singora, Pattani and Kota Bharu.
On 9 December 1941, the reported sighting of Royal Navy Force Z (the Royal Navy battleship , battlecruiser and supporting destroyers). The report was received by light cruiser , which relayed the message to Admiral Ozawa aboard . However, the reception was poor and the message took another 90 minutes to decode. Moreover, I-65s report was incorrect about the heading of Force Z. Two Aichi E13A1 "Jake" floatplanes from Suzuya and Kumano attempted to shadow Force Z, but both were forced to ditch due to lack of fuel. Only Suzuyas crew was recovered. The following day, Force Z was overwhelmed by torpedo bombers of the 22nd Air Flotilla from Indochina.
In December 1941, Kumano was tasked with the invasion of Sarawak, together with Suzuya, covering landings of Japanese troops at Miri. From her base at Cam Ranh Bay, she sortied with Suzuya to cover landings of troops at Anambas, Endau, Palembang and Banka Island, Sabang on Sumatra and Java in the Netherlands East Indies from the end of December 1941 to the middle of March. Kumano also participated in the seizure of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean on 20 March 1942.
On 6 April 1942 during the Indian Ocean Raid, Kumano and Suzuya together with destroyer sank the British steamships Silksworth (4921 tons), Autolycus (7621 tons), Malda (9066 tons) and Shinkuang (2441 tons) and the American Export Line steamship Exmoor (4986 tons). However, one of the E8N floatplanes from Kumano was damaged by a Curtiss P-36 Hawk from RAF No.5 squadron based at Cuttack, India. Kumano was withdrawn back to Japan, arriving at Kure Naval Arsenal on 27 April. On 26 May, she arrived at Guam to join the escort for the Midway Invasion Transport Group under Sentai -7 (Rear Admiral Raizō Tanaka).
During the Battle of Midway, on 5 June, lookouts aboard Kumano spotted the surfaced USN submarine , and Kumano signaled a 45-degree simultaneous turn to avoid possible torpedoes. Kumano and Suzuya correctly made the turn, but the third vessel in line, Mikuma, made a 90-degree turn by mistake. The error resulted in a collision in which Mikuma was rammed by Mogami. Kumano returned to Kure on 23 June. On 17 July, Kumano and Suzuya were assigned to provide support for the Japanese invasion of Burma, and evaded six torpedoes fired by the Royal Dutch Navy submarine west of Perak, Malaya on 29 July. In August, Kumano and Suzuya were reassigned to support the reinforcement of Guadalcanal. During the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24 August, Kumano escaped without seeing combat and returned safely to Truk. However, she was attacked on 14 September north of the Solomon Islands by a flight of ten USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress bombers, and suffered light damage. During the Battle of Santa Cruz on 26 October, she provided support for Admiral Nagumo’s Carrier Strike Force, but did not see any combat. She returned to Kure on 7 November and after minor repairs, returned to Rabaul on 4 December with a cargo of troops and supplies. The cruiser continued to remain in the area on patrols and on fast transport missions through the middle of February 1943.
Returning to Kure Naval Arsenal on 6 June, Kumano was fitted with a Type 21 radar and her dual 13-mm machine guns were replaced by two triple-mount Type 96 anti-aircraft guns. She returned to Rabaul on 25 June with another cargo of troops and supplies. On 18 July, Kumano was escorting a Tokyo Express high speed transport mission with Chōkai and , but was attacked off of Kolombangara by USMC Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers from Guadalcanal. The attack damaged Kumano’s aft hull, and she underwent emergency repairs at Rabaul by the repair ship Yamabiko Maru and at Truk by the repair ship , but finally had to be withdrawn back to Kure from 2 September to 3 November for proper repairs. She was based out of Truk through the end of the year, at Palau in January and February 1944, and in Singapore from March through mid-May. At Singapore, an additional eight single-mount Type 96 guns were added. From late May through June, Kumano was based at Tawi-Tawi. During the Battle of the Philippine Sea, on 20 June 1944 she was attacked by aircraft from the aircraft carriers , , and . During this action, the carrier was sunk and the battleship was badly damaged. Kumano returned to Kure on 25 June, and additional Type 13 and Type 22 radars were installed, as were more Type 96 AA guns. She departed on 8 July with reinforcements and supplies for Singapore, arriving 16 July.
On 25 October 1944, Kumano was part of the Japanese Central Force in the Battle off Samar. She was hit by a Mark 15 torpedo fired by the destroyer , which blew off her bow. As Kumano was retiring toward the San Bernardino Strait, she came under aerial attack and suffered minor damage. The next day, 26 October Kumano was attacked from aircraft launched by the carrier while in the Sibuyan Sea, and was struck by three bombs. She survived and sailed to Manila Bay for repairs on her bow and all four boilers. While still under repairs, she was attacked on 29 October by carrier aircraft from Task Force 38.
She returned to service on 4 November, departing Manila for Taiwan as part of the escort for Convoy Ma-Ta 31. On 6 November 1944 off Cape Bolinao, Luzon, the convoy came under attack by a U.S. submarine wolfpack consisting of , , , and .
In all, the American submarines launched 23 torpedoes toward the convoy, two of which struck Kumano. Of the aforementioned U.S. submarines, Ray inflicted the most severe damage on Kumano. The first hit destroyed her recently replaced bow, and the second damaged her starboard engine room, flooding all four of her engine rooms. She took on an 11° list and lost steerage. At 19:30, she was towed to Dasol Bay by the cargo ship Doryo Maru, and from there she was moved to Santa Cruz, Zambales, on Luzon.
While undergoing repairs in Santa Cruz on 25 November, Kumano came under attack by aircraft launched by the carrier . She was hit by five torpedoes and four bombs, and at 15:15 she rolled over and sank in about of water. Of her crew at the time, 497 - including Captain Soichiro Hitomi and Executive Officer Captain Yuji Sanada - were lost with the ship and 636 were rescued. She was removed from the navy list on 20 January 1945.
Admiral William "Bull" Halsey reportedly once remarked that "if there was a Japanese ship I could feel sorry for at all, it would be the Kumano".
Notes
References
Further reading
Mogami-class cruisers
Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries
1936 ships
World War II cruisers of Japan
World War II shipwrecks in the South China Sea
Maritime incidents in November 1944
Cruisers sunk by aircraft
Ships sunk by US aircraft
Shipwrecks of the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20cruiser%20Kumano |
The Juno Award for "Recording Engineer of the Year" has been awarded since 1976, as recognition each year for the best recording engineer in Canada.
Winners
Recording Engineer of the Year (1976 - 1998)
1976 - Michel Ethier, Dompierre (album)|Dompierre by François Dompierre
1977 - Paul Pagé, Are You Ready For Love by Patsy Gallant
1978 - (tie) Terry Brown, Hope by Klaatu AND David Greene, Big Band Jazz by The Boss Brass
1979 - Ken Friesen, Let's Keep It That Way by Anne Murray
1980 - David Greene, Concerto for Contemporary Violin by Paul Hoffert
1981 - Mike Jones, "Factory"" and "We're OK" by Instructions
1982 - (tie) Gary Gray, "Attitude" & "For Those Who Think Young"" by Rough Trade AND Keith Stein / Bob Rock, "When It's Over" & "It's Your Life" by Loverboy
1983 - Bob Rock, No Stranger To Danger by Payolas
1984 - John Naslen, Stealing Fire by Bruce Cockburn
1985 - Hayward Parrott, Underworld by The Front
1986 - Joe Vannelli / Gino Vannelli, Black Cars
1987 - Gino Vannelli / Joe Vannelli, "Wild Horses" & "Young Lover"
1989 - Mike Fraser, "Calling America" & "Different Drummer" by Tom Cochrane & Red Rider
1990 - Kevin Doyle, Alannah Myles
1991 - Gino Vannelli / Joe Vannelli, "The Time of Day" & "Sunset On LA"
1992 - Mike Fraser, "Thunderstruck" & "Moneytalks" by AC/DC
1993 - Jeff Wolpert / John Whynot, "The Lady of Shallott" by Loreena McKennitt
1994 - Kevin Doyle, "Old Cape Cod" & "Cry Me a River" by Anne Murray
1995 - Lenny DeRose, "Lay My Body Down" & "Charms" by The Philosopher Kings
1996 - Chad Irschick, "O Siem" by Susan Aglukark
1997 - Paul Northfield, "Another Sunday" by I Mother Earth, "Leave It Alone" by Moist
1998 - Michael Phillip Wojewoda, "Armstrong and the Guys" & "Our Ambassador" by Spirit of the West
Best Recording Engineer (1999 - 2002)
1999 - Kevin Doyle, "Stanstill" by various artists and "Soul On Soul" by Amy Sky
2000 - Paul Northfield / Jagori Tanna, "Summertime in the Void" & "When Did You Get Back From Mars?" by I Mother Earth
2001 - Jeff Wolpert, "Make It Go Away" & "Romantically Helpless" by Holly Cole
2002 - Randy Staub, "How You Remind Me" & "Too Bad" by Nickelback
Recording Engineer of the Year (2003 - present)
2003 - Denis Tougas, "Double Agent" & "Everybody's Got A Story" by Amanda Marshall
2004 - Mike Haas / Dylan Heming / Jeff Wolpert, "Heat Wave" and "Something Cool" by Holly Cole
2005 - L. Stu Young, "What Do U Want Me 2 Do?" and "If Eye Was the Man in Ur Life" by Prince
2006 - Vic Florencia, "Everyday Is a Holiday" and "Melancholy Melody" by Esthero
2007 - John "Beetle" Bailey, "Rain" by Molly Johnson and "Sisters of Mercy" by Serena Ryder
2008 - Kevin Churko, Black Rain by Ozzy Osbourne
2009 - Kevin Churko, "Disappearing" and "The Big Bang" (Simon Collins, U-Catastrophe)
2010 - Dan Brodbeck, "Apple Of My Eye" and "Be Careful" (Dolores O’Riordan, No Baggage)
2011 - Kevin Churko, "Let It Die", "Life Won’t Wait" (Ozzy Osbourne, Scream)
2012 - George Seara, "A Little Bit of Love", Michael Kaeshammer and "Let Go", Laila Biali
2013 - Kevin Churko / (co-engineer Kane Churko), "Blood" from Blood by In This Moment; "Coming Down" from American Capitalist by Five Finger Death Punch
2014 - Eric Ratz, "Sweet Mountain River" and "The Lion" from Furiosity by Monster Truck
2015 - Eric Ratz, "Ghosts" from Ghosts by Big Wreck and "Satellite Hotel" from Black Buffalo by One Bad Son
2016 - Shawn Everett, "Don't Wanna Fight", "Gimme All Your Love" from Sound & Color by Alabama Shakes
2017 - Jason Dufour, "Push + Pull", "Beck + Call" from Touch by July Talk
2018 - Riley Bell, "Get You" by Daniel Caesar feat. Kali Uchis, "We Find Love" by Daniel Caesar
2019 - Shawn Everett, "Slow Burn", "Space Cowboy" (Kacey Musgraves, Golden Hour)
2020 - John "Beetle" Bailey - "Dividido" (Alex Cuba feat. Silvana Estrada), "Shotgun" (Monkey House)
2021 - Serban Ghenea - "Blinding Lights" (The Weeknd); "Positions" (Ariana Grande)
2022 - Hill Kourkoutis — "Howler" (SATE), "The Drought" (Tania Joy)
2023 - Serban Ghenea — "That's What I Want" (Lil Nas X), "Unholy" (Sam Smith feat. Kim Petras)
References
Recording Engineer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Recording%20Engineer%20of%20the%20Year |
The Driftwood River is a tributary of the East Fork of the White River in central Indiana in the United States. Via the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is a short river, formed by the confluence of two longer streams a short distance upstream of its mouth.
Course
The Driftwood River is formed in southeastern Johnson County, west of Edinburgh, by the confluence of Sugar Creek and the Big Blue River. It flows generally southwardly through northwestern Bartholomew County to Columbus, where it joins the Flatrock River to form the East Fork of the White River.
Near Edinburgh, IN, Driftwood River has a mean annual discharge of 1,210 cubic feet per second.
See also
List of Indiana rivers
References
Rivers of Indiana
Rivers of Bartholomew County, Indiana
Rivers of Johnson County, Indiana
Tributaries of the Wabash River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driftwood%20River |
Big Blue River may refer to:
Big Blue River (Indiana)
Big Blue River (Kansas)
Blue River (Missouri River tributary), or Big Blue River, flows through Kansas and Missouri
See also
Big Blue River Bridge (disambiguation)
Little Blue River (disambiguation)
Blue River (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Blue%20River |
The Juno Award for "Producer of the Year" has been awarded since 1975, as recognition each year for the best record producer in Canada. It was renamed the "Jack Richardson Producer of the Year" award in 2003, after Jack Richardson who was a noted Canadian record producer.
Winners
Producer of the Year (1970–1977)
1970 - The Poppy Family, "Which Way You Goin' Billy?" by The Poppy Family
1971 - Brian Ahern, "Snowbird" by Anne Murray
1972 - Mel Shaw, "Sweet City Woman" by The Stampeders
1973 - Gene Martynec, "Last Song" by Edward Bear
1974 - No Award was Presented
1975 - Randy Bachman
1976 - Peter Anastasoff, "The Homecoming" by Hagood Hardy
1977 - Mike Flicker, Dreamboat Annie by Heart
Producer of the Year - Single (1978)
1978 - Matthew McCauley & Fred Mollin, "Sometimes When We Touch" by Dan Hill
Producer of the Year - Album (1978)
1978 - Matthew McCauley & Fred Mollin, Longer Fuse by Dan Hill
Producer of the Year (1979–1998)
1979 - Gino Vannelli, Joe Vannelli & Ross Vannelli, Brother to Brother by Gino Vannelli
1980 - Bruce Fairbairn, Armageddon by Prism
1981 - Gene Martynec, "Tokyo" by Bruce Cockburn and "High School Confidential" by Rough Trade
1982 - Paul Dean & Bruce Fairbairn, "Working for the Weekend" and "When It's Over" by Loverboy
1983 - Bill Henderson & Brian MacLeod, "Whatcha Gonna Do" and "Secret Information" from Opus X by Chilliwack
1984 - Bryan Adams, Cuts Like a Knife by Bryan Adams
1985 - David Foster, Chicago 17 by Chicago
1986 - David Foster, St. Elmo's Fire Soundtrack by various artists
1987 - Daniel Lanois, So by Peter Gabriel
1989 - Daniel Lanois & Robbie Robertson, "Showdown at Big Sky" and "Somewhere Down the Crazy River" from Robbie Robertson by Robbie Robertson
1990 - Bruce Fairbairn, Pump by Aerosmith
1991 - David Tyson, "Baby, It's Tonight" from A View from 3rd Street by Jude Cole and "Don't Hold Back Your Love" from Change of Season by Hall & Oates
1992 - Bryan Adams (Co-producer Robert John "Mutt" Lange), "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" and "Can't Stop This Thing We Started" from Waking Up the Neighbours by Bryan Adams
1993 - k.d. lang & Ben Mink (Co-producer Greg Penny), "Constant Craving" and "The Mind of Love" from Ingénue by k.d. lang
1994 - Steven MacKinnon & Marc Jordan, "Waiting for a Miracle" from Reckless Valentine by Marc Jordan
1995 - Robbie Robertson, "Skin Walker" and "It Is a Good Day to Die" from Music for The Native Americans by Robbie Robertson
1996 - Michael Phillip Wojewoda, "End of the World" from Cock's Crow by The Waltons and "Beaton's Delight" from Hi™ How Are You Today? by Ashley MacIsaac
1997 - Garth Richardson, "Bar-X-the Rocking M" from Stag by Melvins and "Mailman" from Shot by The Jesus Lizard
1998 - Pierre Marchand, "Building a Mystery" from Surfacing by Sarah McLachlan
Best Producer (1999–2001)
1999 - Colin James (co-producer Joe Hardy), "Let's Shout" and "C'mon with the C'mon" from Colin James and the Little Big Band II by Colin James
2000 - Tal Bachman & Bob Rock, "She's So High" and "If You Sleep" from Tal Bachman by Tal Bachman
2001 - Gerald Eaton, Brian West & Nelly Furtado, "I'm like a Bird" and "Turn Off the Light" from Whoa, Nelly! by Nelly Furtado
Jack Richardson Best Producer (2002)
2002 - Daniel Lanois (co-producer Brian Eno), "Beautiful Day" and "Elevation" from All That You Can't Leave Behind by U2
Jack Richardson Producer of the Year (2003–present)
2003 - Alanis Morissette, "Hands Clean"; "So Unsexy"
2004 - Gavin Brown, "Try Honesty"; "I Hate Everything About You"
2005 - Bob Rock, "Welcome to My Life"; "Some Kind of Monster"
2006 - Neil Young, "The Painter"
2007 - Brian Howes, "Trip" and "Lips of an Angel" (Hedley)
2008 - Joni Mitchell, "Hana" and "Bad Dreams"
2009 - Daniel Lanois, "Here Is What Is" and "Not Fighting Anymore" (Daniel Lanois)
2010 - Bob Rock, "Haven't Met You Yet" and "Baby (You've Got What It Takes)" from Crazy Love by Michael Bublé
2011 - Daniel Lanois, "Hitchhiker" from Le Noise by Neil Young and "I Believe in You" from Black Dub by Black Dub
2012 - Brian Howes, "Heaven's Gonna Wait" from Storms by Hedley and "Trying Not to Love You" from Here and Now by Nickelback
2013 - James Shaw, "Youth Without Youth" and "Breathing Underwater" from Synthetica by Metric
2014 - Cirkut (co-producer Luke Gottwald), "Wrecking Ball" from Bangerz by Miley Cyrus and "Give It 2 U" from Blurred Lines by Robin Thicke
2015 - Adam Messinger, "Change Your Life" (co-producer Nasri Atweh) from The New Classic by Iggy Azalea; "Rude" from Don't Kill the Magic by Magic!
2016 - Bob Ezrin, "Honey Honey", "What Love Is All About" from What Love Is All About by Johnny Reid
2017 - A Tribe Called Red, "R.E.D." feat. Yasiin Bey, Narcy & Black Bear, "Sila" feat. Tanya Tagaq from We Are the Halluci Nation by A Tribe Called Red
2018 - Diana Krall, "L-O-V-E", "Night and Day"
2019 - Eric Ratz, "People's Champ", "Relentless" (Arkells, Rally Cry)
2020 - Ben Kaplan - "Brittle Bones Nicky" (Rare Americans), "It's Alright" (Mother Mother)
2021 - WondaGurl: "Aim for the Moon" (Pop Smoke feat. Quavo); "Gang Gang" (JackBoys and Sheck Wes)
2022 - WondaGurl — "Fair Trade" (Drake feat. Travis Scott), "Made a Way" (FaZe Kaysan feat. Lil Durk and Future)
2023 - Akeel Henry — "For Tonight" (Giveon), "Splash" (John Legend)
References
Producer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Richardson%20Producer%20of%20the%20Year%20Award |
Samuel Vaughan Merrick (1801–1870) was a 19th-century American manufacturer, and the first president of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
Biography
Born near Hallowell, Maine, on May 4, 1801, Merrick left school 1816 and moved to Philadelphia, where he worked for his merchant uncle John Vaughan. He subsequently studied engineering, and in 1824 founded, with scientist William Keating, The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, of which he was President from 1832 until 1854. He also established the firm of Merrick and Agnew, which manufactured fire engines.
He married Sarah Thomas on December 25, 1823 and they had one son.
In 1836, Merrick established the Southwark Iron Foundry, which became one of the most advanced manufacturing plants of its kind in this country. Operated by the firm of Merrick & Towne (later renamed Merrick & Sons), the foundry built the engines for the USS Mississippi.
Merrick took a deep interest in public affairs and was instrumental to the introduction of illuminating gas into Philadelphia, being the chairman of a Committee of the Common Council that reported on the benefits of gaslighting. He also served as the first president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which he had advocated as a means to connect Philadelphia to the west, and was also president of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad (later part of the PRR) and the Catawissa Railroad (later part of the Reading Railroad). Merrick was a member of the American Philosophical Society from 1833 until his death.
Merrick maintained a residence in Haddon Township, New Jersey. He died in Philadelphia on August 18, 1870.
Footnotes
References
1801 births
1870 deaths
People from Haddon Township, New Jersey
People from Kennebec County, Maine
Pennsylvania Railroad people
19th-century American businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Vaughan%20Merrick |
Thomas Jefferson Majors (June 25, 1841 – July 11, 1932) was a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska.
He was born in Libertyville, Iowa, on June 25, 1841, and attended the Nebraska state normal school. He moved to Peru, Nebraska, in 1860 and entered the Union Army in June 1861 as a first lieutenant of Company C, First Regiment, Nebraska Volunteer Infantry. He served successively as captain, major, and lieutenant colonel of that regiment and was mustered out June 15, 1866.
He was a member of the last Nebraska Territorial council in 1866, and its equivalent after Nebraska was accepted as a state, the first Nebraska State senate, from 1867 to 1869. He was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the Nebraska district in 1869 until the offices of collector and assessor were merged into one.
He was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth United States Congress as the second member of Nebraska's house congressional delegation. He did not present his credentials and was not seated as the house only recognized Nebraska as having one representative. When the recognized representative, Frank Welch, died, he ran and subsequently was elected. He was elected to both the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh United States Congresses again as the second member of the delegation, but the House, on February 24, 1883, disallowed Nebraska’s claim to an additional Member and refused to seat him.
He returned to Nebraska and became the director of Citizens’ State Bank of Peru. He was elected to the Nebraska State House of Representatives in 1889, and became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska from 1891 to 1895 serving under three different Governors John Milton Thayer, James E. Boyd and Lorenzo Crounse. He ran for Governor of Nebraska in 1894 against Silas A. Holcomb, but lost. He then served as a member and president of the State board of education. He died in Peru on July 11, 1932, and was buried in Mount Vernon Cemetery, Peru.
References
External links
at the Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved on 2009-10-27.
1841 births
1932 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of Nebraska
People from Jefferson County, Iowa
People from Peru, Nebraska
People of Nebraska in the American Civil War
Members of the Nebraska Territorial Legislature
19th-century American politicians
Republican Party Nebraska state senators
Republican Party members of the Nebraska House of Representatives
School board members in Nebraska
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Majors |
The Juno Award for "Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year" has been awarded since 1998, as recognition each year for the best Christian/Gospel music album in Canada. A separate organization, the Gospel Music Association of Canada (GMA Canada), hands out a full array of awards for Canadian Contemporary Christian/Gospel music, covering a wide range of genres, each year with the annual Covenant Awards.
Prior to the award's introduction, gospel albums were considered for the Blues/Gospel Album category.
Winners
Best Gospel Album (1998 - 2002)
Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year (2003 - Present)
References
Christian Gospel
Album awards
Christian music awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Contemporary%20Christian/Gospel%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
The Juno Award for "Blues Album of the Year" has been awarded since 1994, as recognition each year for the best blues album in Canada. The award used to be a combined blues and gospel award category.
Winners
Best Blues/Gospel Album (1994–1997)
Best Blues Album (1998–2002)
Blues Album of the Year (2003–present)
References
Blues Album
Blues music awards
Canadian blues
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Blues%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
Mount Davis is a prominent peak in the Ansel Adams Wilderness on the Inyo National Forest and south of Yosemite National Park. The peak was named in honor of Lieutenant Milton Fennimore Davis, who was with the first troops detailed to guard Yosemite National Park. Davis was the first person to climb the peak.
References
Mountains of the Ansel Adams Wilderness
Inyo National Forest
Mountains of Madera County, California
Mountains of Mono County, California
Mountains of Northern California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Davis%20%28California%29 |
Hilary Coplin Grivich (May 23, 1977 – May 4, 1997) was an American gymnast and diver. She was a member of the silver-medal-winning American team at the 1991 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and the 1990 junior national champion in gymnastics.
One of the original members of the "Károlyi six-pack", Grivich trained under Béla Károlyi in Houston. In her first season at the senior level, she was a member of the silver-medal-winning American team at the 1991 World Championships, acting as the leadoff gymnast during compulsories and competing second in the lineup on all four events in team finals.
Grivich was a contender for the 1992 Olympics, placing seventh in the all-around and third on balance beam and floor exercise at that year's national championships. However, at the Olympic Trials, she placed eighth and did not qualify for the Olympic squad. Béla and Márta Károlyi, and some other gymnastics insiders, claimed that U.S. judges had deliberately underscored Grivich to keep the team from having too many Károlyi club gymnasts.
Grivich retired from gymnastics after the Olympics. In 1993, she switched her focus to diving. After only two years in the sport, she earned a scholarship to the University of Houston. She excelled in NCAA competition and hoped to eventually make the U.S. Olympic team as a diver.
Less than a month before her 20th birthday, Grivich was killed in a car accident on a Houston highway. A scholarship with the Strake Jesuit Scholarship Fund was established in her name. In addition, Grivich's diving club, Woodlands Diving Academy, used to hold an annual elite meet in her honor, the Hilary Grivich Memorial Invitational, before renaming it the "Laura Wilkinson Golden Invitational."
References
External links
Memorial site
1977 births
1997 deaths
American female artistic gymnasts
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Road incident deaths in Texas
University of Houston alumni
U.S. women's national team gymnasts
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
Sportspeople from Houston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary%20Grivich |
The Juno Award for Roots & Traditional Album of the Year – Group was presented annually at Canada's Juno Awards to honour the best album of the year in the roots and/or traditional music genres. The award was first presented in 1996 under the name Best Roots & Traditional Album - Group, and adopted its current name in 2003. Prior to 1996, the Junos presented only a single award in the category, inclusive of both groups and solo artists, under the name Best Roots & Traditional Album.
Beginning with the 2016 ceremony, two new awards categories (Contemporary Roots Album of the Year and Traditional Roots Album of the Year) were introduced to "ensure two genres of music are not competing against each other in the same category".
Winners
Best Roots & Traditional Album - Group (1996 - 2002)
Roots & Traditional Album of the Year: Group (2003 - 2015)
References
Roots and Traditional - Group
Folk music awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Roots%20%26%20Traditional%20Album%20of%20the%20Year%20%E2%80%93%20Group |
Sonny Mayo (born July 16, 1971) is an American guitarist.
Career
Mayo began playing in a thrash metal band called Silence in the late 1980s. Silence (John Mayes, Benjamin Gaither, Louie Denslow, Jason Robinson and Sonny), regularly sold out venues in the DC Metro area including the "Bayou" in Georgetown. While with Silence, he released a nine track CD, Vision, and recorded a three song tape with Alex Perialas (who produced Anthrax, Overkill, S.O.D., etc.). One of the songs from the tape, "One Race" was made into a black and white video filmed at the Bayou (note, the director of the video was John Brenkus, who now does Sport Science on ESPN).
He then joined M.F. Pitbulls with Shannon Larkin (Wrathchild America, Ugly Kid Joe, Amen, now Godsmack) on vocals, Jamie Miller (Snot, Bad Religion, The Start) on drums, and John "Tumor" Fahnestock (Snot, Amen, Noise Within) on bass.
In 1995, Mayo moved to Santa Barbara to join the band Snot. Snot was signed to Geffen Records in 1996 and recorded their only full-length release, Get Some, in May 1997. Mayo then rejoined Shannon Larkin in the band Amen in 1998 and subsequently recorded and released albums on Roadrunner Records (Amen self-titled) and Virgin Records (We Have Come For Your Parents). In 1998, Mayo contributed to the Vanilla Ice album Hard to Swallow.
In 2002, Mayo replaced Chad Benekos in Hed PE. He toured in support of the album Blackout.
On January 19, 2005, he got a call from Morgan Rose to join Sevendust after Clint Lowery left for Dark New Day. Mayo co-wrote and recorded three full-length releases with Sevendust. Next – Winedark Records, 2005; Alpha – Asylum Records, 2007; and Chapter 7: Hope & Sorrow – Asylum, 2008. In early 2008, Mayo was replaced by the original Sevendust guitarist, Clint Lowery. According to Mayo, he was not pleased with the way he was fired.
Shortly after departing Sevendust, Snot reformed with ex-Divine Heresy frontman Tommy Vext on vocals. Snot wrote and recorded new material and toured the U.S. supporting Mudvayne in late 2008. Mayo decided not to continue with Snot in May 2009, and enrolled in the Recording Institute Of Technology program at the Musicians Institute in Hollywood, California. After receiving a certificate in audio engineering and Pro Tools certification, Mayo produced and engineered several bands and artists.
In 2011, Mayo engineered and co-produced Ugly Kid Joe's Stairway to Hell album then joined the band in 2012 as touring guitarist, filling in for Dave Fortman.
In June 2014, Sonny joined Wes Geer in the non-profit organization, Rock to Recovery, which harnesses the healing power of music by bringing musical instruments and equipment in to treatment facilities to write and record original songs with people recovering from drug/alcohol addiction, PTSD, eating disorders, and other illnesses.
In June 2015, Sonny joined Ugly Kid Joe in the studio to write/record Uglier Than They Used ta Be, which released in late 2015.
References
External links
Official website (archived)
Living people
American heavy metal guitarists
1971 births
Rhythm guitarists
Guitarists from Washington, D.C.
Alternative metal musicians
Amen (American band) members
Sevendust members
Hed PE members
Snot (band) members
21st-century American guitarists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny%20Mayo |
Black Star is an American hip hop duo formed in 1996, from Brooklyn, New York City. The duo is composed of rappers Yasiin Bey (more commonly known by his former stage name Mos Def) and Talib Kweli. The duo is named after The Black Star Line, a shipping company founded by Marcus Garvey. Their critically-acclaimed debut album Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star was released on September 29, 1998. After decades of only releasing singles and appearing on compilations, Black Star released their sophomore studio album No Fear of Time May 3, 2022 on the podcasting platform Luminary.
History
Black Star arose from the underground movement of the late 1990s, which was in large part due to Rawkus Records, an independent record label stationed in New York City. They, together with other members of the Native Tongues Posse, helped shape underground alternative rap, bringing it into the mainstream. Both Yasiin Bey and Talib Kweli have gone on to greater commercial and critical success in their solo careers.
In 2001, Black Star performed "Money Jungle" with Ron Carter and John Patton for the Red Hot Organization's compilation album Red Hot + Indigo, a tribute to Duke Ellington, which raised money for various charities devoted to increasing AIDS awareness and fighting the disease. In 2002, the song "Hater Players" was used in an episode of The Wire, "The Cost". In 2005, hip hop website TheSituation.co.uk reported Kweli said that a new Black Star album was "in the pipeline".
A second album, to be produced entirely by Madlib, was confirmed to be finished in November 2019. It was announced in 2022 that the album would be titled No Fear of Time. It was released on May 3 exclusively on the podcast platform Luminary. On June 20, 2023, the album was released on Bandcamp.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Other collaborations
1997: "Fortified Live", "Freestyle" from Rawkus Compilation, "Soundbombing"
1999: "Know That" from Mos Def's album, Black on Both Sides
1999: "Little Brother", The Hurricane (soundtrack)
2000: "This Means You", produced by DJ Hi-Tek on the album Train Of Thought
2001: "Money Jungle" from the Red Hot Organization's album Red Hot + Indigo
2002: "Joy" from Talib Kweli's album, Quality
2002: "Brown Sugar (Raw)", Brown Sugar (soundtrack)
2004: "Beautiful (Black Star remix)", a remix of the Mary J. Blige song Beautiful, featured on the single of the song
2005: "Supreme Supreme" from Talib Kweli's album, Right About Now
2005: "Bright as the Stars" from Mos Def's single, "Ah Ha"
2005: "What It Is" from Talib Kweli's mixtape, The Beautiful Mixtape Vol. 2
2006: "Born & Raised" from the soundtrack, Dave Chappelle's Block Party
2009: "History", from Mos Def's album The Ecstatic
2010: "Just Begun", from Reflection Eternal song also featuring Jay Electronica & J. Cole, Revolutions per Minute
2011: "You Already Knew", from Black Star Aretha, the two's tribute to Aretha Franklin.
2022: "Peppas", from Westside Gunn's mixtape 10
References
External links
Talib Kweli – official website
Black Star discography at Discogs
African-American musical groups
Musical duos from New York (state)
American hip hop duos
Hip hop groups from New York City
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from Brooklyn
Native Tongues Posse
1997 establishments in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Star%20%28rap%20duo%29 |
Barney Liddell (August 13, 1921 – May 5, 2003) was an American big band musician from television's The Lawrence Welk Show, his instrument was the trombone.
Early life
Born and raised in Gary, Indiana, Liddell was the oldest of eleven children.
Education
When he entered Horace Mann High School, he was eager to study music and play the saxophone for the school band but they were out of saxes. His second choice was the trumpet, they too were out, so eventually he settled on the trombone and began to practice hard on that instrument, like his idol Tommy Dorsey.
After graduating from high school in 1939, he attended the University of Notre Dame and spent three semesters at the University of Chicago studying engineering.
Military
Liddell entered the army where for the next two years he was a bugler and a radio operator. Liddell was discharged from the army in 1945.
Career
After being discharged from the United States Army, Liddell went to New York City to get his musician's union card and spent the next few years playing in various bands for bandleaders such as Buddy Williams, Les Elgart, Red Allen, Glen Gray and his Casa Loma Orchestra and finally Elliot Lawrence before eventually joining Lawrence Welk in 1948.
From 1948 until 1982, Barney was an integral part of the Lawrence Welk Orchestra not only as first trombonist, but was also in charge of the band's luggage when the Music Makers went out on concert tours. He first joined the band back when they played regularly at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago, and made the move to Southern California in 1951 when Welk moved his organization out there on a permanent basis. That same year the Music Makers made their television debut on KTLA in Los Angeles and later made the transition to a nationwide audience on the ABC network in 1955 followed by syndication in 1971.
Even after the show ended in 1982, Barney continued to work for the next twenty plus years, free-lanced on many incarnations of the Welk band, performed with many members of the Musical Family and regularly contracted bands for his own engagements and others. He was also a member of the Big Band Alumni Association for several years.
Post career
Barney Liddell died on May 5, 2003, in the Los Angeles suburb of Westlake Village from kidney and liver failure. He is survived by his wife, Elaine Liddell of Livonia, Michigan.
References
External links
1921 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from kidney failure
American trombonists
Male trombonists
Musicians from Gary, Indiana
Musicians from Greater Los Angeles
University of Notre Dame alumni
University of Chicago alumni
20th-century American musicians
Lawrence Welk
United States Army soldiers
20th-century trombonists
United States Army personnel of World War II
20th-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney%20Liddell |
The Juno Award for Roots & Traditional Album of the Year – Solo was presented annually at Canada's Juno Awards to honour the best album of the year in the roots and/or traditional music genres. Prior to 1996, a single award was presented for Best Roots & Traditional Album, whose winner could be a solo artist or a band; for the 1996 ceremony, the award was split for the first time into distinct awards, one for solo artists and one for groups.
Beginning with the 2016 ceremony, two new awards categories (Contemporary Roots Album of the Year and Traditional Roots Album of the Year) were introduced to "ensure two genres of music are not competing against each other in the same category".
Winners
Best Roots & Traditional Album - Solo (1996–2002)
Roots & Traditional Album of the Year: Solo (2003–2015)
References
Roots and Traditional - Solo
Folk music awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Roots%20%26%20Traditional%20Album%20of%20the%20Year%20%E2%80%93%20Solo |
The Juno Award for "Folk Artist of the Year" was awarded from 1971 - 1982 as recognition each year for the best new folk artist/musician in Canada.
Winners
Top Folk Singer (1971 - 1971)
Folksinger of the Year (1972 - 1979)
Folk Artist of the Year (1980 - 1982)
References
Folk Artist
Folk music awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Folk%20Artist%20of%20the%20Year |
The Juno Award for Global Music Album of the Year has been awarded since 1992, as recognition each year for the best world music album in Canada. It has previously been known as other names including "Best World Best Recording" and "Best World Music Album", with the current name being established in 2022.
Winners
Best World Beat Recording (1992 - 1993)
Best Global Recording (1994 - 1995)
Best Global Album (1996 - 2002)
World Music Album of the Year (2003 - 2021)
Global Music Album of the Year (2022 - present)
References
Global Music
World music awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Global%20Music%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
The Merchants Bridge, officially the Merchants Memorial Mississippi Rail Bridge, is a rail bridge crossing the Mississippi River between St. Louis, Missouri, and Venice, Illinois. The bridge is owned by the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. It opened in May 1889 and crosses the river north of the Eads Bridge.
The bridge was originally built by the St. Louis Merchants Exchange after it lost control of the Eads Bridge it had built to the Terminal Railroad. The Exchange feared a Terminal Railroad monopoly on the bridges but it would eventually lose control of the Merchants Bridge also.
In 2018 work began on an extensive renovation of the bridge projected to cost $172 million. In September 2022 the Terminal Railroad completed the large reconstruction project, doubling the bridge's capacity from roughly 32 trains per day to 70 trains per day. Prior to the reconstruction, only one train, traveling at 5 miles per hour, could cross the bridge at a time. The final cost of the project was $222 million.
See also
List of crossings of the Upper Mississippi River
References
Railroad bridges in Missouri
Bridges over the Mississippi River
Metro East
Bridges completed in 1889
Bridges in St. Louis
Steel bridges in the United States
Interstate vehicle bridges in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchants%20Bridge |
The Juno Award for "R&B/Soul Recording of the Year" was awarded from 1985 to 2020, as recognition each year for the best rhythm and blues/soul album in Canada. Beginning with the Juno Awards of 2021, it was split into two new categories for Contemporary R&B/Soul Recording of the Year and Traditional R&B/Soul Recording of the Year.
Winners
Best R&B/Soul Recording (1985 - 2002)
R&B/Soul Recording of the Year (2003 - Present)
References
RandB Soul Recording | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20R%26B/Soul%20Recording%20of%20the%20Year |
The Consejo Coordinador Argentino Sindical (CCAS) is a National trade union center of Argentina. It is led by Victor R. Huerta.
The CCAS is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation.
References
National trade union centers of Argentina
World Federation of Trade Unions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo%20Coordinador%20Argentino%20Sindical |
The Canadian Environmental Network (RCEN) is an umbrella organization for environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) located across Canada. This non-profit organization was mainly funded by Environment Canada and helped to facilitate networking and communication between environmental organizations, and coordinate ENGO participation in consultations with government. A portion of the funding flowed through to affiliated provincial environmental networks before it was cancelled in 2011. The RCEN also works to educate the public on major issues and policy-making in regards to the environment.
The RCEN is independent and non-partisan, which means it does not take positions on environmental issues, although its members do. It was established in 1977 by six environmental organizations, and today connects more than 700 ENGOs through its eleven regional networks. The Manitoba Eco-Network is an example of one of the provincial umbrella groups in the network that have members from only that province.
Organization
The RCEN facilitates and promotes sharing of knowledge, resources and collaborative efforts to influence domestic and international practices, policies, laws and agreements affecting the environment. An annual general meeting is held each year to elect a governing board of directors and national council which represent the network's diverse membership. A Conference on the Environment is also organized to allow staff, members from all the regional networks and the public to meet, plan and discuss environmental issues. This increases public participation in the democratic process and to helps Canadian citizens communicate more effectively with the federal government.
Several national caucus groups allow individual members to work collaboratively on issues. These caucuses also choose delegates to participate in government consultations
through a transparent democratic selection process.
Goals
The organization's principal mandate is to Protect the Earth and Promote Ecologically Sound Ways of Life by helping its member groups preserve and protect the natural beauty, diversity, habitats, landscapes, regions, forests, ecological integrity, quality of water, quality of air and health of all species and their interdependent relationships.
References
External links
RCEN website
Environmental organizations based in Ontario
Non-profit organizations based in Ottawa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Environmental%20Network |
The Juno Award for "Reggae Recording of the Year" has been awarded since 1985, as recognition each year for the best reggae album or single in Canada.
The award was not presented in 1992 or 1993, during which time reggae albums were subsumed into the new World Beat Recording category, but a separate reggae category was reinstituted in 1994 and has been presented continuously since then.
Best Reggae/Calypso Recording (1985 - 1991)
Best Reggae Recording (1994 - 2002)
Reggae Recording of the Year (2003 - Present)
References
Reggae Recording | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Reggae%20Recording%20of%20the%20Year |
Toni Turner, President of Trendstar Trading Group, LLC, is a technical analyst as well as an educator and speaker in the financial arena. She is the author of the books: A Beginner’s Guide to Day Trading Online, 2nd Ed., A Beginner’s Guide to Short-term Trading, 2nd Ed., Short-Term Trading in the New Stock Market, and Invest to Win: Earn & Keep Profits in Bull and Bear Markets with the Gains Master Approach, co-authored with Gordon Scott, CMT. Her books have been translated into five languages.
Turner has appeared on CNBC, CNN, NBC, MSNBC, and FOX Business News. She has been featured in periodicals including Fortune, Stocks and Commodities, SFO, Fidelity Active Trader, and Bloomberg Personal Finance and online publications including TradingMarkets.com, Equities.com, and MarketWatch. She speaks at trading forums and conferences across the United States, including college campuses, trading expos, and money shows. Turner is a bi-weekly contributor to The Street’s RealMoney.com and RealMoneyPro.com.
References
External links
Official Website
People from Aliso Viejo, California
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni%20Turner |
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games or the 13th Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially begun. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated at the games. A total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.
Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.
The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Bidding process
Winnipeg beat both Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and Bogota, Colombia in 1994 to win hosting rights for the event.
In 1988, a delegation from Winnipeg announced that once it got approval from the Canadian Olympic Association, the city would submit a bid to host the 1999 Pan American Games. On December 5, 1992, Winnipeg secured the Canadian bidding rights, defeating Toronto by one vote. Other Canadian cities in the running were Halifax, Edmonton, and Sherbrooke. Toronto would later go on to host the 2015 Pan American Games, 16 years later.
Any country that had previously held the games were allotted two votes; those countries were Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, making 50 votes in total, and a city needed majority vote (26) to win.
After the first round of voting, Bogotá was forced to drop out having the fewest votes with 10. In the second round, Winnipeg and Santo Domingo reached a 25-to-25 tie. Canadian Committee Co-Chairman Don Mackenzie convinced the Olympic Committees in the third round, focusing on the fact that "Santo Domingo had no place for water-skiing, but Portage la Prairie has one of the best water-skiing facilities in Canada." Winnipeg went on to defeat Santo Domingo by a vote of 28 to 22. Santo Domingo later won the rights to the next games in 2003.
Development and preparation
Venues
A total of 32 sporting venues were used for the games. The Pan Am Pool, built for the 1967 games, featured in the 1999 games for all aquatic events. The venue underwent a $3.3 million dollar renovation for the games. Other new venues included the $8.7 million dollar Investors Group Athletic Centre built for multiple sports and the $12 million dollar CanWest Global Park for the baseball competition.
The main stadium for the games was the Winnipeg Stadium, which staged the ceremonies and the beach volleyball competitions.
A portion of the Pan American Games Society (1999) budget supported the refurbishment of University of Manitoba campus residences to serve as the Athletes Village, the upgrade of various sport and training facilities including the Pan Am Stadium (University Stadium), which had hosted events of the 1967 games.
The Winnipeg Velodrome, also built for the 1967 games, had become obsolete and disused for cycling and so was demolished prior to the 1999 games. The 1999 games used a temporary facility at Red River Exhibition Park.
The Games
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 1999 Pan American Games took place on Friday July 23, 1999, beginning at 19:30 p.m. CDT and lasted for two hours and forty-five minutes at the Winnipeg Stadium. A crowd of 30,000 spectators attended the ceremony. Seven Aboriginal Canadians, who were denied entrance into the 1967 Pan American Games, also in Winnipeg, this time entered the stadium with the torch while on canoes. Former Olympians Alwyn Morris and Silken Laumann were the final two torchbearers who lit the cauldron. A total of 3,400 performers took part in the ceremony, including the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra and singer Jeremy Kushnier. Singer Chantal Kreviazuk sang the national anthem, O Canada as part of the ceremony. Governor General Roméo LeBlanc officially opened the games. One of the dignitaries in attendance was Anne, Princess Royal.
Participating teams
All 42 nations of PASO competed.
Sports
330 events in 34 sports were contested. Beach volleyball and inline hockey made its Pan American Games debut. While a women's tournament in football (soccer) and water polo were contested for the first time.
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sport.
Aquatics
Canoeing (12) ()
Cycling ()
Mountain biking (2)
Road (4)
Track (12)
Field hockey (2) ()
Gymnastics ()
Artistic (14)
Rhythmic (2)
Volleyball
World records set
Weightlifting – 77 kilogram clean & jerk – 202.5 kilograms hoisted by Idalberto Aranda (Cuba)
Impact of positive drug tests
Perhaps the greatest drug scandal in the sport of track and field, since Ben Johnson's 1988 disqualification, occurred here when the world's only eight foot high jumper Javier Sotomayor tested positive for cocaine. A Cuban national hero, his subsequent suspension was fought from the highest levels, Fidel Castro claiming it was a conspiracy. Despite a second positive test for cocaine a few months later, Sotomayor eventually had his suspension reduced by a year, just in time to win a silver medal at the Sydney Olympics. A year later he retired facing another positive drug test.
Canada was stripped of its gold medal for inline hockey when the team's goaltender Steve Vézina tested positive for multiple banned substances.
Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Marketing
Mascots
The 1999 Games' mascot features two birds named Pato (Wood duck) and Lorita (Parrot).
Legacy
The 1999 Pan Am games have been "seen by many Winnipeggers as a chance to put their city squarely in the international spotlight". Winnipeg mayor Glen Murray became nationally well known as a result of the Games and thanks to extensive coverage by the CBC, anchored by CBC Sports' Brian Williams. However, the Games themselves only had mixed success, as the Pan Am Games ranked below the Olympics and Commonwealth Games in international prestige. The Games cost $129 million CDN and finished with a financial surplus of $8.8 million CDN.
Hosts Canada celebrated its medal haul, which was the second best after the United States. However, some considered Canada's results overrated, since the U.S. amassed the most medals with a mostly second-string team while Canada and Cuba had fielded their top national athletes. Cuba also managed more golds than Canada, despite having a smaller roster.
Frequent comparisons were made to the 1967 Pan Am Games, also hosted by Winnipeg, where the United States had fielded many rising stars, such as Mark Spitz. By comparison, the Americans had sent their "B" team to the 1999 Games. No major U.S. networks covered the Pan Am Games, except for the Spanish-language network Univisión, while newspapers only sent second-string reporters instead and the stories never made front page news. Many high-profile athletes, of all nationalities, such as U.S. champion sprinters and Brazilian football players, were in Europe during these Pan Am games, taking part in professional events. South American nations (with the exception of Uruguay) did not send their under-23 male soccer teams after the organizing committee refused to pay appearance money to CONMEBOL.
1999 Parapan American Games, Mexico City
In 1999, Parapan American Games was not hosted in Winnipeg but rather in Mexico City. The inaugural event involved 1,000 athletes from 18 countries competing in four sports.
References
External links
Winnipeg 1999 - XIII Pan American Games - Official Report (Part 1) at PanamSports.org
Winnipeg 1999 - XIII Pan American Games - Official Report (Part 2) at PanamSports.org
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
P
Sports competitions in Winnipeg
Multi-sport events in Canada
Pan American Games
July 1999 sports events in Canada
August 1999 sports events in Canada
20th century in Winnipeg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20Pan%20American%20Games |
Edna Regina Lewis (April 13, 1916 – February 13, 2006) was a renowned American chef, teacher, and author who helped refine the American view of Southern cooking. She championed the use of fresh, in season ingredients and characterized Southern food as fried chicken (pan-, not deep-fried), pork, and fresh vegetables – most especially greens. She wrote and co-wrote four books which covered Southern cooking and life in a small community of freed slaves and their descendants.
Early life and career
Lewis was born in the small farming settlement of Freetown (near Lahore) in Orange County, Virginia, the granddaughter of an emancipated slave who helped start the community. She was one of eight children. Lewis's father died in 1928 when she was 12, and at 16 she left Freetown on her own and joined the Great Migration north. When Lewis left Freetown she moved to Washington, D.C., and eventually to New York City in her early 30s. While in D.C. Lewis worked for Franklin D. Roosevelt's 2nd presidential campaign in 1936. At some point, between D.C. and New York City, Edna Lewis married Steven Kingston, a retired Merchant Marine cook and a Communist.
When she arrived in New York, an acquaintance found her a job in a Brooklyn laundry, where she was assigned to an ironing board. She had never ironed and lasted three hours before she was dismissed. She had experience in sewing and soon found work as a seamstress. As a seamstress she copied Christian Dior dresses for Dorcas Avedon, then the wife of Richard Avedon, amongst others (including a dress for Marilyn Monroe); she also created African-inspired dresses – for which she was well-known. While in New York, she also worked for the communist newspaper The Daily Worker and was involved in political demonstrations.
Café Nicholson and The Taste of Country Cooking
While in New York City, Lewis began throwing dinner parties for her friends and acquaintances and John Nicholson, an antiques dealer – was one of those friends. In 1948 on 58th Street, in East Side Manhattan, Nicholson opened Café Nicholson with Lewis as cook, which became an instant success among bohemians and artists. The restaurant was frequented by William Faulkner, Marlon Brando, Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote, Richard Avedon, Gloria Vanderbilt, Marlene Dietrich, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Diana Vreeland. At the Café, Lewis served a neat menu of simple, Southern inspired dishes, including a chocolate soufflé, for which she was known.
After five years there, Lewis left Café Nicholson and from there she spent time as a pheasant farmer in New Jersey until the entire flock died one evening from an unidentified disease. She opened and closed her own restaurant, catered for friends and acquaintances, taught cooking lessons, and even became a docent in the Hall of African Peoples in the American Museum of Natural History. In the late 1960s, she broke her leg and was temporarily forced to stop cooking professionally. With encouragement from Judith Jones, the cookbook editor at Knopf who also edited Julia Child, Evangeline Peterson and Lewis worked together to write The Edna Lewis Cookbook (1972). However, Jones found the cookbook "fashionable but tasteless" and in turn worked with Lewis on her own to write The Taste of Country Cooking in 1976. The Taste of Country Cooking contained as many recipes as it did information about Southern and African-American food – successfully capturing the spirit and stories Lewis had to share – which was Jones' intention with the book. In 1979, Craig Claiborne of The New York Times said the book "may well be the most entertaining regional cookbook in America".
In 2017, nearly forty years after its publication, The Taste of Country Cooking saw an abrupt and newsworthy spike in US sales, ranking #5 overall and #3 in the cookbook category on Amazon's bestseller list – this spike followed its thematic inclusion in an episode of the cooking competition show Top Chef.
Later career
After Lewis' husband died, she returned to the restaurant business, working at such places as Fearrington House in Pittsboro, North Carolina; Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina; U.S. Steak House in New York City; and the historic Gage and Tollner in Brooklyn, New York, where she worked for five years before retiring in 1995. In the late 1980s she founded the Society for the Revival and Preservation of Southern Food – which was a precursor to the Southern Foodways Alliance (SFA). In a 1989 interview with The New York Times, Lewis said: "As a child in Virginia, I thought all food tasted delicious. After growing up, I didn't think food tasted the same, so it has been my lifelong effort to try and recapture those good flavors of the past."
The Society for the Revival and Preservation of Southern Food was dedicated in part, to seeing that people did not forget how to cook with lard. Prior to its creation she wrote In Pursuit of Flavor in 1988. In 1986 Lewis adopted a young adult, Dr. Afeworki Paulos (a lecturer at the University of Michigan), after he arrived from Eritrea to study in the United States. Throughout the 1990s, she won several awards (see below) and befriended a chef named Scott Peacock, after meeting him while he was a cook in the Georgia Governor's Mansion in 1990. The two formed a deep friendship, with Lewis moving to Atlanta to be near Peacock in 1992, and they eventually collaborated on the book The Gift of Southern Cooking (2003). Their long standing friendship – and seemingly at odds personas (he – a younger, gay European American man and she – an older, widowed African American woman) resulted in them being referred to as "The Odd Couple of Southern Cooking". For the rest of her life, Lewis and Peacock would work together to try and ensure that classic Southern dishes and details would not be forgotten – as they were both deeply dedicated to the preservation of Southern cooking. As Lewis aged, Peacock would go on to become her caretaker up until her death in 2006.
Awards and honors
1986 – Named Who's Who in American Cooking by Cook’s Magazine
1990 – Lifetime Achievement Award, International Association of Culinary Professionals
1995 – James Beard Living Legend Award (their first such award)
1999 – Named Grande Dame by Les Dames d’Escoffier, an international organization of female culinary professionals.
1999 – Lifetime Achievement Award from Southern Foodways Alliance (SFA) (their first such award)
2002 – Barbara Tropp President's Award, Women Chefs & Restaurateurs
2003 – Inducted into the KitchenAid Cookbook Hall of Fame (James Beard)
2004 – The Gift of Southern Cooking nominated for James Beard Award and IACP Award
2009 – African American Trailblazers in Virginia honoree at the Library of Virginia (in Richmond)
2014 – Honored by creation of United States postal stamp with her image
Published works
The Edna Lewis Cookbook (1972) 4th edition
The Taste of Country Cooking (1976) 4th edition
In Pursuit of Flavor (1988) 4th edition
The Gift of Southern Cooking (2003), co-authored with Scott Peacock
See also
Flora Mae Hunter
References
External links
New York University archives
The Independent obituary
1916 births
2006 deaths
African-American non-fiction writers
People from DeKalb County, Georgia
People from Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Writers from Charleston, South Carolina
People from Orange County, Virginia
American women chefs
James Beard Foundation Award winners
American women non-fiction writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century African-American women writers
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
Chefs from New York City
Chefs from Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Lewis |
The Juno Award for "Rock Album of the Year" has been awarded since 1991, as recognition each year for the best rock album in Canada. The award has been called a number of other names, including the "Best Hard Rock/Metal Album" and "Best Rock Album".
Winners
Best Hard Rock/Metal Album (1991)
Hard Rock Album of the Year (1992 - 1993)
Best Hard Rock Album (1994 - 1995)
Best Rock Album (1996)
North Star Rock Album of the Year (1997)
Blockbuster Rock Album of the Year (1998)
Best Rock Album (1999 - 2002)
Rock Album of the Year (2003 - Present)
See also
:Category:Canadian rock music groups
:Category:Canadian rock musicians
References
Rock Album
Album awards
Rock music awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Rock%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
Theodore James "Ted" Kanavas (April 29, 1961 – July 3, 2017) was an American politician and businessman.
Biography
Kanavas was raised in Brookfield, Wisconsin and graduated from Brookfield East High School. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1983. While attending the school, Kanavas worked as an aide to Congressman Jim Sensenbrenner. Kanavas subsequently attended Pepperdine University's school of law. Kanavas also worked in the software industry. He served on the Elmbrook School District Board from 1999 to 2002.
In July 2001, he was elected to the Wisconsin Senate as a Republican in a special election, defeating Democrat Dawn Marie Sass, and he was re-elected in 2002. On January 25, 2010, Kanavas announced he would not seek reelection.
In 2014, Kanavas co-founded Michael Best Strategies, a government relations and public policy firm. He died of cancer on July 3, 2017.
Notes
External links
Citizen Legislator Ted Kanavas' Blog
Follow the Money - Theodore J Kanavas
2006 2004 2002 campaign contributions
1961 births
2017 deaths
School board members in Wisconsin
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
21st-century American politicians
People from Brookfield, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Pepperdine University School of Law alumni
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Deaths from cancer in Wisconsin
20th-century American businesspeople
American people of Greek descent
Greek Orthodox Christians from the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Kanavas |
The Lincoln Capri is an automobile that was sold by the Lincoln division of Ford Motor Company from 1952 until 1959. A full-size luxury car, the Lincoln Capri derives its name from an Italian island in the Gulf of Naples. Introduced as a premium trim variant of the two-door Lincoln Cosmopolitan, the Capri was introduced in 1952 as a stand-alone model line serving as the premium Lincoln. With the introduction of the Lincoln Premiere (and Continental), the Capri replaced the Cosmopolitan as the standard Lincoln product line.
The Lincoln Capri was produced across three generations; following its withdrawal, Lincoln rebranded the Capri using only its division name (following a practice used from 1946 to 1951). Along with the Lincoln Premiere and the Continental model lines, the Lincoln Capri was replaced by the 1961 Lincoln Continental.
First generation (1952–1955)
Competing against the Cadillac Series 62, Chrysler New Yorker, and Packard Pacific, 14,342 Capris were sold in its debut year, and nearly double that, 26,640, in 1953. It readily outsold its stablemate, the Cosmopolitan, each year until the Cosmopolitan's demise. The Capri had a new Lincoln 90 degree V8 engine. It was not offered in an extended length limousine, and the listed retail price was US$3,665 for the convertible ($ in dollars ) which was a significant price reduction of luxury sedans the company had produced in the past and very close in price to competitor vehicles of the same time. The exclusive Lincoln Continental had been discontinued in 1948 making the Capri the flagship product while design and research had started on the eventual return of the Continental name with the 1956 Continental Mark II.
In the October, 1952 issue of Popular Mechanics, a Lincoln Capri with the new overhead valve Lincoln Y-block was tested. 0-60 mph time was 14.8 seconds, while the quarter-mile was 21.3 seconds.
In 1955, the Capri featured a new Lincoln Y-Block V8 (with greater displacement and, at 8.5:1, higher compression than before), featuring a four-barrel carburetor, mated to a standard (Ford-built) 3-speed Turbo-Drive automatic transmission.
Riding on a wheelbase and measuring overall, the 1955 Capri was offered as a two-door hardtop coupé ( shipping weight), two-door convertible ( shipping weight), or a four-door sedan ( shipping weight).
The Capri was also one of the first vehicles to offer an automatic headlight dimmer as optional equipment. It sold 23,673 copies, amounting to 87% of Lincoln's total output that year, actually down from 29,552 in 1954.
Second generation (1956–1957)
For 1956, the Capri shared a division-wide restyling and gained the new 285 hp (213 kW) Lincoln Y-Block V8 (with a four-barrel carburetor and 9:1 compression), as well as all-new 12-volt electrical system to cope with the proliferation of power accessories. The Capri moved down-market, becoming Lincoln's entry-level model and the newly introduced Premiere based on it became the upper level Lincoln-branded model. In addition, the convertible disappeared from the model range, which already lacked for a four-door hardtop. Sales dropped dramatically, to only 8,791 in 1956 while the listed retail price for the Hardtop Sport Coupe was US$4,119 ($ in dollars ).
This is not to imply that over all sales did not increase for 1956. The total production for both Capri and Premiere models was 50,322. Four-way power seats were optional.
The Capri's appearance borrowed from the radically different concept cars, the Mercury XM-800 and the Lincoln Futura in an era of fascination with the Space Race and Mid-century modern architecture and appearances. 1957 introduced a driving light below the conventional sealed beam, two-way headlight while giving an appearance of having stacked dual headlights.
A new camshaft and higher 10:1 compression boosted output to 300 hp (224 kW),. The new cam did not, however, increase compression, contrary to Flory's misapprehension. Even so, sales declined again, to 5,900 units (despite the addition of a 4-door landau hardtop). A facelifted design for 1957 featured more pronounced fins.
Total production for 1957 for the Capri and Premiere lines was 41,123.
To emphasize Lincoln's exclusivity and specialized appearance, there were 20 available colors, with 34 two-tone exterior color selections for 1956, increasing to 76 two-tone color choices and only 18 single color selections for 1957.
Third generation (1958–1959)
These were the first Lincolns produced at the new Wixom, Michigan, plant, and were made on a unibody platform much like the Lincoln-Zephyr and the original Lincoln Continental. While advertising brochures made the case that Continental Division was still a separate make, the car shared its body with that year's Lincoln. The Lincoln Capri was the base model in the Lincoln product line, with the Lincoln Premiere positioned as higher level of standard equipment. Lincoln lost over $60 million during 1958-1960, partly reflecting the expense of developing perhaps the largest unibody car ever made. The 1958 full-size Lincoln sold poorly in all models because of the economic recession in the U.S.
The 1958–1959 Lincoln Capri was one of the largest cars ever made, larger than contemporaneous Cadillacs and Imperials, and with their canted headlights and scalloped fenders had styling considered by many to be excessive even in that decade of styling excess. On a wheelbase, and long overall, wide and up to shipping weight in the landau sedan in 1958, they are the longest Lincolns ever produced without federally mandated 5 mph (8.0 km/h) bumpers.
The all-new 375 hp (280 kW) MEL V8 was a welcome addition. The front and rear shoulder room they possessed set a record for Lincoln that still stands to this day. Sales were up, to 6,859, the landau sedan making up almost half, at 3,014 copies. Heater and defroster (at US$110), AM radio (US$144), and seat belts (US$25) were all optional. One rare option was an FM radio for $129(had to have the AM also). Brakes were 11-inch drums.
The reputation for "excessive styling" is perhaps ironic given the enormous amount of styling talent that was connected with the development and modification of Lincolns of this vintage. George W. Walker, known for his contribution to the development of the original Ford Thunderbird, was Vice-President in charge of Styling at Ford during this time. Elwood Engel, famous for being lead designer of the 1961 Lincoln Continental and for his work as chief designer at Chrysler in the 1960s, was Staff Stylist (and consequently roamed all of the design studios) at Ford during this period and worked very closely with John Najjar in developing not only the 1958, but also the 1959 update. After John Najjar was relieved of his responsibilities as Chief Stylist of Lincoln in 1957 he became Engel's executive assistant, and the two worked closely together in the "stilleto studio" in developing the 1961 Lincoln Continental, which of course won an award for its superlative styling. After Engel left Ford in 1961, Najjar became the lead designer of the Ford Mustang I concept car, which later gave birth to the Ford Mustang. Don Delarossa, who succeeded Najjar as Chief Stylist of Lincoln, was responsible for the 1960 Continental and Premiere update, and went on to become chief designer at Chrysler in the 1980s. Alex Tremulis, who was Chief Stylist at Auburn-Cord-Duesenberg in the mid to late 1930s and famous for his work on the 1948 Tucker Sedan, was head of Ford's Advanced Styling Studio during this period, and it was his Ford La Tosca concept car, with its oval overlaid with an "X" theme, that gave birth to the "slant eyed monster" nickname to the 1958 Lincoln front end.
Despite an increase in sales in 1959, to 7,929 units, the Capri was not renewed for 1960.
1960 Lincoln
For the 1960 model year, Lincoln introduced a namesake model line to serve as a replacement for the discontinued Lincoln Capri. Intended as a competitor for the Cadillac Series 62 and Chrysler New Yorker, the 1960 Lincoln combined the trim of the Lincoln Capri with the facelift adopted by the 1960 Lincoln Premiere and Continental Mark V.
As with the Premiere and Continental, the Lincoln was fitted with a 430 cubic-inch V8; a switch to a 2-barrel carburetor for all three vehicles reduced engine output to 310 hp.
For 1961, Lincoln consolidated its model lines from three to one, with a Lincoln Continental serving as the replacement for the Lincoln, Premiere and Continental Mark V.
Use in motorsport
The Lincoln Capri competed in the Stock Car category of the Pan American Road Race from 1952 to 1954. In 1952 and 1953, the Capri earned first through fourth place, with the model taking first and second place in 1954 (the final year of the race).
Further use of nameplate
Following its use by the Lincoln division, the Capri nameplate would see subsequent use by both Ford and Mercury for the next three decades. Ford UK produced the Ford Consul Capri from 1962 to 1964 as a coupe version of its mid-size model range. Ford of Europe produced the Ford Capri compact sports coupe from 1968 to 1986, largely designed as the European equivalent of the Ford Mustang.
As a Mercury, the Capri nameplate first saw use as a trim level for the Mercury Comet from 1966 to 1967. From 1970 to 1978, the Ford Capri was sold by Lincoln-Mercury in North America (without a divisional nameplate). As a replacement, from 1979 to 1986, the Mercury Capri was sold as the Mercury counterpart of the Ford Mustang. From 1991 to 1994, the Mercury Capri was sold as a 2+2 roadster, imported from Ford of Australia, which produced its version as the Ford Capri.
Alongside Zephyr, Capri is the only nameplate ever used by all three Ford divisions.
Notes
References
Flammang, James, Standard Catalog of American Cars 1976-1999. Krause publications, 1999.
Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946-1959. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008.
Howell, James, Lincoln 1958-1969. Motorbooks Intl., 1997.
Kowalke, Ron, Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975. Krause publications, 1997.
Cars introduced in 1952
Full-size vehicles
Capri
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20Capri |
CCAS may refer to:
Center for Contemporary Arab Studies
Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, the liberal arts and sciences college of The George Washington University
Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars
Consejo Coordinador Argentino Sindical
Council of Colleges of Arts and Sciences | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCAS |
The erxian (二弦; pinyin: èrxián; jyutping: ji6 jin4; literally "two string") is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It has two strings and is used primarily in Cantonese music, most often in "hard string" chamber ensembles. In the 1920s, following the development of the gaohu, the erxian experienced a decline and since the late 20th century has been little used outside the tradition of Cantonese opera.
Similar instruments also referred to as erxian (constructed and played differently from the Cantonese erxian discussed above) are used in Chaozhou music (where it is called touxian, 头弦, literally "leading string [instrument]") and in the nanguan music of the Southern Fujian people.
The erxian (called yi6 yin4 二弦 in Cantonese) is often referred to as the yizai () amongst older Cantonese opera musicians. The neck of most erxian is made of hardwood (often suanzhi (酸枝, rosewood) or zitan (紫檀, rosewood or red sandalwood). The sound chamber is made of a large section of bamboo with a dome-shaped ring of hardwood glued on the front end, making the actual playable face of the chamber about half the size of the entire face. The back of the sound chamber is not covered with any lattice work like those of erhu or gaohu. Erxian can be found with very ornate dragon heads, ruyi () heads, or a very plain box-cut stock head. Earlier erxian very closely resembled the jinghu of Beijing opera in size, construction, and playing technique.
Currently, the erxian is used for accompanying the singing of dai-hau (大喉) characters in Cantonese opera as well as all roles in gu-hong Cantonese opera (). Other instruments used in conjunction with the erxian are the juktaikam/zhutiqin (), yueqin (yuetkam), sanxian (samyin), and doontong/duantong (). Together, this grouping of instruments is called the "hard bow ensemble" (). The name "hard bow" comes from the fact that both the erxian and tiqin are/should be played with a bow made of a thick, hard piece of bamboo rather than a thinner and softer reed like modern huqin bows.
The erxian of earlier times came in two forms: one for playing bongjee/bangzi (梆子), and a slightly larger one for playing yiwong/erhuang (二黃).
A bangzi erxian is tuned to 士-工/la-mi/A-e
An erhuang erxian is tuned to 合-尺/so-re/G-d
Today, the bangzi erxian is more commonly used to play both bangzi and erhuang melodies. The heavy silk strings of the earlier erxian have largely been replaced with wound steel strings and some modern players have begun to use erhu bows instead of the heavier (and more uncomfortable) "hard bows."
While the erxian has experienced a decline in usage since the 1920s, it remains a staple instrument in any Cantonese opera orchestra and recently composed Cantonese operas like "新霸王別姬" and "林沖之魂會山神廟" are calling for its regular usage.
See also
Huqin
Đàn nhị
Gaohu
Tiqin
Traditional Chinese musical instruments
External links
Article about nanyue erxian (Chinese)
Erxian photograph
Photograph of nanguan erxian
Erxian page (Chinese)
Video
Cantonese erxian video by Chu Yung
Chinese musical instruments
Huqin family instruments
Necked bowl lutes
Cantonese music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erxian |
The Juno Award for "Classical Album of the Year" for ensembles has been awarded since 1985 (under four award headings), as recognition each year for the best classical music album in Canada.
Winners
Best Classical Album: Large Ensemble or Soloist(s) With Large Ensemble Accompaniment (1985–1987)
1985 – Orchestre symphonique de Montreal, Charles Dutoit – Conductor, Ravel: Ma Mere L'oye/Pavane Pour un Infante Debunte/Tombeau de Couperin And Valses Nobles et Sentimentales
1986 – Toronto Symphony, Andrew Davis – Conductor, Holst: The Planets
1987 – Orchestre symphonique de Montreal, Charles Dutoit – Conductor, Holst, The Planets
Best Classical Album (Large Ensemble) (1989–1999)
1989 – Montreal Symphony Orchestra, Charles Dutoit – Conductor, Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra; Music For Strings, Percussion and Celesta
1990 – Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Boccherini: Cello Concertos and Symphonies
1991 – Orchestre symphonique de Montreal, Charles Dutoit – Conductor, Debussy: Images, Nocturnes
1992 – Orchestre symphonique de Montreal, Charles Dutoit – Conductor, Debussy: Pelleas et Melisande
1993 – Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, with Alan Curtis/Catherine Robbin/ Linda Maguire/Nancy Argenta/Ingrid Attrot/Mel Braun, Jeanne Lamon – Leader, Handel: Excerpts From Floridante
1994 – Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Jeanne Lamon – Director, Handel: Concerti Grossi, Op.3 No. 1-6
1995 – Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Jeanne Lamon – Director, Bach: Brandenburg Concertos Nos. 1–6
1996 – Orchestre symphonique de Montreal, Charles Dutoit – Conductor], Shostakovich: Symphonies 5 & 9
1997 – I Musici de Montréal, Ginastera/Villa-Lobos/Evangelista
1998 – James Sommerville; CBC Vancouver Orchestra; Mario Bernardi, Mozart Horn Concertos
1999 – Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Jeanne Lamon – musical director, Handel: Music For The Royal Fireworks
Best Classical Album: Large Ensemble or Soloist(s) With Large Ensemble Accompaniment (2000–2002)
2000 – Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, Respighi: La Boutique Fantasque
2001 – Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Jukka-Pekka Saraste – conductor, Sibelius: Lemminkäinen Suite – Night Ride and Sunrise
2002 – James Ehnes (violin), Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, Charles Dutoit – conductor, Max Bruch, Concertos 1 & 3
Classical Album of the Year: Large Ensemble or Soloist(s) With Large Ensemble Accompaniment (2003 – Present)
2003 – James Ehnes/Mario Bernardi/Orchestre symphonique de Montréal, Bruch Concertos: Vol II
2004 – André Laplante (piano), Christopher Millard (bassoon), Robert Cram (flute), Joaquin Valdepenas (clarinet), CBC Radio Orchestra, Mario Bernardi – conductor, Concertos: Music of Jacques Hétu
2005 – Jeanne Lamon, Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Dardanus/Le temple de la gloire: Music of Jean-Phillippe Rameau
2006 – Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Bruno Weil, Beethoven: Symphonies nos. 5 et 6
2007 – James Ehnes and the Mozart Anniversary Orchestra, Mozart: Violin Concerti
2008 – James Ehnes/Bramwell Tovey/Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, Korngold, Barber & Walton Violin Concertos
2009 – Orchestre symphonique de Montréal/Kent Nagano, Beethoven: Ideals Of The French Revolution
2010 – Alain Lefèvre/London Mozart Players, Mathieu, Shostakovich, Mendelssohn: Concertino & Concertos
2011 – Scott St. John/Lara St. John, Mozart: Scott and Lara St. John/The Knights
2012 – Alexandre Da Costa/Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, Daugherty: Fire and Blood
2013 – James Ehnes, Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto
2014 – James Ehnes, Britten & Shostakovich: Violin Concerti
2015 – Angela Hewitt, MOZART: Piano Concertos Nos. 22 & 24
2016 – Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal with Olivier Latry and Jean-Willy Kunz, Symphony and New Works for Organ and Orchestra
2017 – Steve Wood and the Northern Cree Singers, Tanya Tagaq, Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, Going Home Star – Truth and Reconciliation
2018 – Jan Lisiecki with NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra, Chopin: Works for Piano & Orchestra
2019 – Toronto Symphony Orchestra conducted by Peter Oundjian feat. Louis Lortie, Sarah Jeffrey and Teng Li, Vaughan Williams
2020 – Montreal Symphony Orchestra conducted by Kent Nagano, The John Adams Album
2021 – Montreal Symphony Orchestra conducted by Kent Nagano feat. Andrew Wan, Ginastera - Bernstein - Moussa: Œuvres pour violon et orchestre/Works for Violin and Orchestra
2022 - L'Harmonie des saisons conducted by Eric Milnes ft. Hélène Brunet, Solfeggio
References
Classical Album - Large Ensemble
Classical music awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Classical%20Album%20of%20the%20Year%20%E2%80%93%20Large%20Ensemble%20or%20Soloist%28s%29%20with%20Large%20Ensemble%20Accompaniment |
The Juno Award for Traditional Jazz Album of the Year was presented as recognition each year for the best traditional jazz album in Canada. It was first presented in 1994, after the Juno Awards split the former award for Best Jazz Album into separate categories for traditional and contemporary jazz, and was discontinued after 2014, when the traditional and contemporary jazz categories were replaced with new categories for Jazz Album - Solo and Jazz Album - Group.
Winners
Best Mainstream Jazz Album (1994 – 1999)
Best Traditional Jazz Album – Instrumental (2000 – 2002)
Traditional Jazz Album of the Year (2003 – 2014)
References
Traditional Album Of The Year
Jazz awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Traditional%20Jazz%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
The Drury Plaza Hotel Orlando Lake Buena Vista is a resort hotel on the property of Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The resort is located across from the Disney Springs area.
History
The Travelodge at Lake Buena Vista opened on November 21, 1972. In 1984, Trusthouse Forte assumed management and the property was renamed the Viscount Hotel. In 1989, Travelodge resumed management and the hotel became the Travelodge Lake Buena Vista. In 2000, Best Western assumed management, and the property became the Best Western Lake Buena Vista Resort Hotel. The hotel was renovated in 2004 and has 2 outdoor pools. The hotel was purchased in August 2017 by Drury Hotels. In December 2019, Drury announced plans to remodel the property, adding a new wing, expanding the hotel from 325 to 604 rooms. The hotel closed in March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and ceased to be affiliated with Best Western. Construction of the new wing and renovations to the existing wing began in 2020. The hotel is set to debut in October 2022 as the Drury Plaza Hotel Orlando Lake Buena Vista, with the first 264 rooms opening. The remainder of the 604-room hotel will open in 2023.
References
External links
Drury Plaza Hotel Orlando Lake Buena Vista official website
Drury Plaza Hotel Orlando Lake Buena Vista official chain website
Hotels in Walt Disney World Resort
Hotels established in 1972
Hotel buildings completed in 1972
1972 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drury%20Plaza%20Hotel%20Orlando%20Lake%20Buena%20Vista |
The Under Secretary of State for Management is a position within the United States Department of State that serves as principal adviser to the Secretary of State and Deputy Secretary of State on matters relating to the allocation and use of Department of State budget, physical property, and personnel, including planning, the day-to-day administration of the Department, and proposals for institutional reform and modernization.
The Under Secretary is appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate to serve at the request of the President.
In 2021, President Joe Biden nominated John R. Bass, a career foreign service officer and former ambassador, to the position.
Overview
The Under Secretary of State for Management is the State Department's representative on the President's Management Council, and is the Department official responsible for implementing the President's Management Agenda.
History
In an Act of February 7, 1953, Congress created for a 2-year period the position of Under Secretary of State for Administration as the third ranking officer in the Department. The position was not renewed, however; and between 1955 and 1978, the ranking officer in the Department handling administration and management questions was either a Deputy Under Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of State. On October 7, 1978, an Act of Congress created the permanent position of Under Secretary of State for Management.
Reporting officials
Officials reporting to the USS(M) include:
Officeholders
The table below includes both the various titles of this post over time, as well as all the holders of those offices.
References
1953 introductions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20Secretary%20of%20State%20for%20Management |
The Juno Award for Vocal Jazz Album of the Year has been awarded since 2000, as recognition each year for the best vocal jazz album in Canada.
Winners
Best Vocal Jazz Album (2000 – 2002)
Vocal Jazz Album of the Year (2003 – present)
References
Vocal Jazz
Juno Award
Jazz awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Vocal%20Jazz%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
For Blood and Empire is the sixth studio album by the American punk rock band Anti-Flag. It was released on March 21, 2006. It was the band's first release on RCA Records, which caused the band to receive criticism from many due to their initially anti-corporate message.
Background
The booklet which comes with the CD contains a short essay for all but two songs ("State Funeral" and "Cities Burn") which gives more in-depth perspective on the inspirations for the song subjects such as the Downing Street Memo and Monsanto Company Corporation, as well as information on one of Anti-Flag's side projects, Military Free Zone. The CD also comes with two stencils, of the "Gunstar", a star formed with broken M-16s as seen on the cover of Mobilize, and the phrase "What are we going to do about the U.S.A.?".
Mike Ski of The A.K.A.s did the art direction, design and layout design for the album art.
The song "Emigre" (which on the promotional version was originally called "Exodus") includes an adaptation of Martin Niemöller's poem "First they came".
Songs from the album were used by several video games. "This is the End (For You My Friend)" is used in two EA Sports video games, Madden NFL 07 and NHL 07. "The Press Corpse" is used in the video games Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam and Shaun White Snowboarding.
By April 3, 2008, the album had sold 97,000 copies.
Track listing
Personnel
Justin Sane - guitar, lead vocals on tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
Chris Head - guitar, backing vocals
Chris #2 - bass guitar, lead vocals on tracks 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12
Pat Thetic - drums, backing vocals
Charts
See also
Confessions of an Economic Hit Man (the book for which the song was named)
Lee Kyung Hae (Track 11 relates to his suicide at an anti-WTO protest)
References
External links
Essays from the CD booklet
Anti-Flag albums
2006 albums
RCA Records albums
Albums produced by David Schiffman | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%20Blood%20and%20Empire |
The Big Blue River is an tributary of the Driftwood River in east-central Indiana in the United States. Via the Driftwood, White, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.
Course
The Big Blue rises in northeastern Henry County and flows generally southwestwardly through Rush, Hancock, Shelby and Johnson counties, past the towns of New Castle, Knightstown, Carthage, Morristown, Shelbyville and Edinburgh. It joins Sugar Creek to form the Driftwood River west of Edinburgh. At Shelbyville, it collects the Little Blue River.
At the USGS station at Shelbyville, Indiana, the Big Blue River has an approximate discharge of 513 cubic feet per second.
See also
List of Indiana rivers
County Line Bridge (Morristown, Indiana)
References
Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
DeLorme (1998). Indiana Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. .
Rivers of Indiana
Rivers of Hancock County, Indiana
Rivers of Henry County, Indiana
Rivers of Johnson County, Indiana
Rivers of Rush County, Indiana
Rivers of Shelby County, Indiana
Tributaries of the Wabash River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Blue%20River%20%28Indiana%29 |
The Dronagiri is a node of Navi Mumbai in Raigad district. It is located at the Southern tip of Navi Mumbai metropolis and spread over 1,250 hectares of land. The zone is located to the east of Uran town in Navi Mumbai, and is bound by the Karanja River on the south-east. Residential areas are located to the west and north-west of the zone, while the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) area and township are located towards the north of the zone. The zone is adjacent to the JNPT port, and is located farthest from the central business districts of Belapur, Nerul and Vashi. Due to its proximity to the port, this zone is ideal for port-based industries.
Introduction
Navi Mumbai is envisaged as a metro-sized counter magnet to reduce the pressure on the Mumbai metropolis. It is planned as a polycentric new town with a series of nodal concentrations along mass-transport corridors. It is anticipated to have 14 of these townships when it is fully constructed, with a total population holding capacity of four million people and one million jobs. Dronagiri is one of these 14 nodes and is being developed by CIDCO. Dronagiri has a mountain near the sea and has a Dronagiri Fort Old Church.
Topography
The topography includes a hilly region towards the west of the zone. The region receives rather heavy rainfall regularly during the months of August through November and in order to ensure proper drainage of the area, CIDCO has constructed holding ponds in the area to allow water to accumulate during high tide and heavy downpour. During low tide, water from the holding ponds flows back into the sea.
The zone is characterized by loose soil with low bearing capacity and black stiff clay. Construction work could, therefore, require pile foundation.
Basic infrastructure has already been developed in the zone, and around 350 ha (20 percent of land) has already been sold. In addition, around 90 ha is currently being used for commercial purposes.
There is a multispeciality hospital 125 bedded called Carepoint Hospital. This is the only multispeciality hospital in this node.
Navi Mumbai International Airport
Navi Mumbai International Airport was conceived because of the excessive pressure in Mumbai International Airport. It is spread over an area of 1160 hectares. The proposed new Navi Mumbai International Airport was initially expected to be operational by 2014 in the Kopra area between Khandeshwar and Kamothe. This was passed by CIDCO on 1 August 2009. Despite getting environmental clearance from the Centre almost three years ago, the project was stuck due to protracted negotiations with farmers who wanted a compensation package of Rs 20 crore per hectare or 35 percent of the land bank as a developed plot.
The project, which will come upon 1,160 hectares of land, will be built in four phases. The first phase with an annual capacity of 10 million passengers will be completed by 2019. After the completion of the whole project, it will cater to about 60 million passengers a year.
The affected villagers will mostly be rehabilitated in a new township called Pushpak Nagar and in Wadghar and Wahal villages around the project area. Under the project plan, the rare island village of Waghivali in Panvel creek will be converted into a mangrove lagoon and its ecology will be maintained
A new sea link between Nhava Sheva and Sewri would be completed by Oct 2022 thus making the new airport accessible to not only Navi Mumbai residents but also the residents of South Mumbai as well.
References
Nodes of Navi Mumbai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronagiri |
The Confederation of Trade Unions of Armenia (CTUA) (), is a national trade union center of Armenia. It is led by Chairman Eduard Tumasyan.
About
The Confederation was established on 1 October 1992 and currently unites 23 trade union branches, which includes over 730 organizations. As of April 2016, there are approximately 208,000 trade union members (17.4% of all employees).
International cooperation
The Confederation is a full member of the General Confederation of Trade Unions and the International Trade Union Confederation. In addition, Chairman Eduard Tumasyan is a member of the Executive Committee of the Pan-European Regional Council.
Armenia is a member of the International Labour Organization and has ratified 23 conventions of the ILO. Armenia has also committed itself to adhering to international standards such as Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which includes the right to form trade unions and guarantees their basic rights.
See also
List of trade unions
Trade unions in Armenia
Trade unions in Europe
References
External links
Confederation of Trade Unions of Armenia on Facebook
Trade unions in Armenia
Trade unions in Europe
General Confederation of Trade Unions
National federations of trade unions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation%20of%20Trade%20Unions%20of%20Armenia |
Larry Fortensky (January 17, 1952 – July 7, 2016) was an American construction worker known for being the last husband of actress Elizabeth Taylor. They were married in 1991 at Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch and divorced five years later.
Early life
Fortensky, the eldest of seven children, was raised in Stanton, California, and dropped out of Pacifica High School in nearby Garden Grove during 10th grade. He was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1972 and discharged three months later.
Fortensky married Priscilla Joan Torres in 1972, divorced in 1974, and had one daughter, Julie. He subsequently married Karin McNeal and they divorced in 1984.
Meeting and marrying Elizabeth Taylor
In 1987, he was convicted for driving while intoxicated. Police found him in a San Clemente, California parking lot "very intoxicated" and in possession of marijuana. Using Teamster medical insurance from his construction job, he checked himself into the Betty Ford Center in 1988, where he met Elizabeth Taylor. At the time he was living in a small house in Stanton.
Taylor and Fortensky were married on October 6, 1991, at Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch. The wedding, which cost between $1.5 and $2 million, was attended by 160 guests and presided over by Marianne Williamson. It was a high-profile event with paparazzi helicopters buzzing overhead and a guest list that included Liza Minnelli, Eddie Murphy, and Nancy Reagan, as well as Franco Zeffirelli, Arsenio Hall, Pia Zadora, George Hamilton, Merv Griffin, Quincy Jones, and Macaulay Culkin. Taylor's $25,000 dress was a gift from Valentino. She was escorted by Michael Jackson and her eldest son Michael Wilding Jr. Their toast was with mineral water. Fortensky's best man was Taylor's hairdresser José Eber. Fortensky's family arrived in their own cars rather than limousines. The couple donated money to AIDS charities from selling wedding photos.
In August 1996, Fortensky was arrested for drug use after police in Hemet, California, found him in an illegally parked luxury motor home with no license plates with a woman he identified as his live-in maid. Fortensky, whose black BMW was parked by the home's front door, refused to allow police to search the motor home, but he was arrested for being under the influence of drugs at the time.
Fortensky was reported to have a prenuptial agreement in which he would receive $1 million (with no additional support) if the marriage lasted five years. The couple separated after five years in 1996, with Fortensky hiring New York divorce attorney Raoul Felder. The couple was divorced on October 31, 1996.
Post-divorce
Fortensky fell down a flight of stairs at his home in San Juan Capistrano, California on January 28, 1999, and was hospitalized for two months during which he was in a coma for six weeks. He suffered short-term memory loss as a result of the fall. He was reported to have been drunk at the time, mourning the death of a prized pet.
He bought a three-bedroom house in Temecula, California, in 2002 with money from the divorce settlement. In 2009, Taylor reportedly gave him $50,000 to pay the $5,800 monthly mortgage payment and keep the house out of foreclosure.
Fortensky's last phone call with Taylor was a day before she entered the hospital in February 2011. She died in March 2011 and left Fortensky over $800,000 in her will.
Death
Fortensky died from skin cancer surgery complications on July 7, 2016, after 65 days in a coma.
References
|-
!colspan="3" style="background:#C1D8FF;"| Husband of Elizabeth Taylor
1952 births
2016 deaths
20th-century Protestants
21st-century Protestants
American people of Canadian descent
American people of Russian descent
Construction trades workers
Military personnel from California
People from Garden Grove, California
People from Hemet, California
People from Menifee, California
People from San Juan Capistrano, California
People from Stanton, California
People from Stockton, California
People from Temecula, California
United States Army soldiers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Fortensky |
The Nightcliff Football Club, nicknamed, Tigers, is a member club of the Northern Territory Football League, and is based in the Darwin suburb of Nightcliff.
Club achievements
note: Nightcliff finished on top in the 1974/75 season after when it got cancelled after Round 11.
History
The club was formed in 1950. It was formally known as Working & Housing. Michael McLean was coach in 2005/06. Steve Easton was coach for the 2006/07 season.
Nightcliff Football Club has competed in the NTFL competition in Darwin, Northern Territory since it entered as the Works & Housing team in 1950. The Home and Away season commences in October with Finals played in March the following year.
The Club has its own home ground at the Nightcliff Oval (Darwin Mazda Oval) situated adjacent to the Nightcliff Sports Club. Games are also played at Darwin's TIO Marrara Stadium and various other club home grounds.
The Nightcliff Football Club was originally formed as Works and Housing Football Club in 1950 and competed in the 1950/51 NTFL season; the club was renamed Nightcliff Football Club in 1963/64.
In the early-1970s the football club established the Nightcliff Sports Club which is now an icon of the suburb and the football club is the proud senior affiliate of the Sports Club.
The football club runs teams in the Premier League, Division 1, Under 18, Under 16, Under 14 and Under 12 grades.
Football exports
The club has produced many AFL players, including Collingwood and Brisbane Lions players Jason Roe and Anthony Corrie, Melbourne player, Liam Jurrah, Fremantle's Ryan Nyhuis, Melbourne player Andy Moniz Wakefield and Giants Wade Derksen.
In the 2016 AFL draft, Geelong selected Tigers' product Brandan Parfitt, the youngest winner of the club's Best and Fairest award. when he won it at 16.
Club song
Oh we're from Tigerland
A fighting fury we're from Tigerland
In any weather you will see us with a grin, Risking head and shin
If we're behind, we never mind we'll fight and fight and win
Oh we're from Tigerland
We never weaken til the final sirens goes
Like the tigers of old, we're strong and we're bold
Oh we're from Tiger
-YELLOW AND BLACK-
Oh we're from Tigerland
-EAT 'EM ALIVE-
We're from Tigerland
External links
Nightcliff Football Club official website
Full Points Footy Profile for Nightcliff
Sport in Darwin, Northern Territory
Australian rules football clubs established in 1950
Australian rules football clubs in the Northern Territory
1950 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightcliff%20Football%20Club |
The 2003 Pan American Games were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, from August 1 to 17, 2003. The successful bid for the games was made in the mid-1990s, when Dominican Republic had one of the highest growth rates in Latin America.
All 42 PASO countries and over 5,223 athletes pre-registered for the participation in the XIV Pan American Games. An additional 2,425 trainers and delegates attended. The United States pre-registered the most athletes (713) and Saint Lucia entered the least (6). The host country entered 562 athletes.
Bids
In December 1998, in Panama City, Panama, Santo Domingo beat Guadalajara, Mexico, and Medellín, Colombia, in the voting to host the games. Guadalajara later went on to host the 2011 Pan American Games.
Games highlights
Opening ceremony
The games opened at Estadio Olímpico Félix Sánchez before a crowd of 48,000. The exhibition featured some 10,000 performers, some dressed in costumes ranging from skeletons to men in tuxedoes and top hats, typifying a Dominican carnival.
Local baseball heroes Juan Marichal and Pedro Martínez were on hand for the ceremony. They completed the final lap of the torch and with Luis Pujols, the nephew of the San Francisco Giants coach of the same name, dressed in a Dominican baseball uniform, swung a bat at a baseball sitting atop the mini-flame which triggered the cauldron.
The ceremony also was attended by then-President of the Dominican Republic Hipólito Mejía, Pan American Sports Organization president Mario Vázquez Raña and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
Budget and venues
The Dominican Republic spent at least $175 million for the 17-day sporting event. Two Olympic parks were renewed or built, the Centro Olímpico Juan Pablo Duarte and Parque del Este complex. Laborers were forced to work right up until the opening ceremony because of construction delays, electrical blackouts, and questionable venue quality. In the end, the Dominican Republic refurbished existing sites and produced beautiful new facilities.
Although a few logistical incidents occurred (a team was unable to shower when the athletes village lacked water, teams were missing tennis balls or towels), U.S. team chief Roland Betts, commented "At times it has been a great struggle, but we are very excited and proud to see the venues. I believe these venues are as good as or better than any that have been created for the Pan American Games." Other attendees agreed that logistical and venue problems declined greatly during the Games.
Map of Olympic park
Map of East venues
Concerns and controversies
Numerous protest marches were staged to call attention to austerity measures, including import taxes and spending cuts, and neglect of impoverished areas. During the Games, the protests were banned from the city. However, the Dominicans warmly embraced the Games with pride, especially when local heroes such as Félix Sánchez won the first local gold medal at the 400-meter hurdles and broke the Pan Am record at the games first week.
While praising the first-rate facilities, critics decried the huge cost overruns, the high payroll of the organizers, and concerns over the Dominican Republic's ability to maintain the venues after the Games.
Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Note
The medal counts for the United States, Canada and Mexico are disputed.
Sports
The 2003 games marked the return of basque pelota and waterskiing to the Games.
Archery
Athletics
Badminton
Baseball
Basketball
Basque Pelota
Bowling
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Diving
Equestrian
Fencing
Field hockey
Football
Gymnastics
Handball
Judo
Karate
Modern pentathlon
Racquetball
Roller sports
Rowing
Sailing
Shooting
Softball
Squash
Swimming
Synchronized swimming
Table tennis
Taekwondo
Tennis
Triathlon
Volleyball
Water polo
Water skiing
Weightlifting
Wrestling
Mascot
The 2003 Games' mascot was a tank top clad manatee named Tito.
2003 Parapan American Games
In 2003, Parapan American Games was not hosted in Santo Domingo, but rather in Mar del Plata, Argentina. The event featured 1,500 athletes from 28 countries competed in nine sporting events. This was the 2nd and last Parapan American Games that was not tied to the Pan American Games.
References
External links
Santo Domingo 2003 - XIV Pan American Games - Official Report at PanamSports.org
P
Multi-sport events in the Dominican Republic
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
Sports competitions in Santo Domingo
Pan American Games
21st century in Santo Domingo
Pan American Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Pan%20American%20Games |
Psiphon is a free and open-source Internet censorship circumvention tool that uses a combination of secure communication and obfuscation technologies, such as a VPN, SSH, and a Web proxy. Psiphon is a centrally managed and geographically diverse network of thousands of proxy servers, using a performance-oriented, single- and multi-hop routing architecture.
Psiphon is specifically designed to support users in countries considered to be "enemies of the Internet". The codebase is developed and maintained by Psiphon, Inc., which operates systems and technologies designed to assist Internet users to securely bypass the content-filtering systems used by governments to impose censorship of the Internet.
The original concept for Psiphon (1.0) was developed by the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto, building upon previous generations of web proxy software systems, such as the "Safe Web" and "Anonymizer" systems.
In 2007 Psiphon, Inc. was established as an independent Ontario corporation that develops advanced censorship circumvention systems and technologies. Psiphon, Inc. and the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto occasionally collaborate on research projects, through the Psi-Lab partnership.
Psiphon currently consists of three separate but related open-source software projects:
3.0 – A cloud-based run-time tunneling system.
2.0 – A cloud-based secure proxy system.
1.0 – The original home-based server software (released by the Citizen Lab in 2004, rewritten and launched in 2006). Psiphon 1.X is no longer supported by Psiphon, Inc. or the Citizen Lab.
History
The original concept for Psiphon envisioned an easy-to-use and lightweight Internet proxy, designed to be installed and operated by individual computer users, who would then host private connections for friends and family in countries where the Internet is censored. According to Nart Villeneuve, "The idea is to get (users) to install this on their computer, and then deliver the location of that circumventor, to people in filtered countries by the means they know to be the most secure. What we're trying to build is a network of trust among people who know each other, rather than a large tech network that people can just tap into." Psiphon 1.0 was launched by the Citizen Lab on 1 December 2006 as open-source software.
In early 2007, Psiphon, Inc. was established as a Canadian corporation independent of the Citizen Lab and the University of Toronto. The original code (1.6) was made available under the GNU General Public License. In 2008, Psiphon was awarded the Netexplorateur award by the French Senate. In 2009, Psiphon was recognized with The Economist Best New Media Award by Index on Censorship. In 2011, Psiphon 1.X was officially retired and is no longer actively supported by Psiphon, Inc., or the Citizen Lab.
In 2008, Psiphon, Inc. was awarded two sub-grants by the Internews operated SESAWE (Open Internet) project(s). The source of funding came from the European Parliament and the US State Department Internet Freedom program, administered by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL). The objective of these grants was to develop Psiphon into a scalable anti-censorship solution capable of supporting large numbers of users across different geographic regions. The core development team grew to include a group of experienced security and encryption software engineers that previously developed Ciphershare, a secure document management system.
In 2010, Psiphon, Inc. began providing services to the Broadcasting Board of Governors (US), US Department of State and the British Broadcasting Corporation. , Psiphon, Inc. operated on the basis revenues generated from commercial operations.
Communication via Psiphon played a major role in media coverage of the 2020 Belarusian protests.
In 2012, Psiphon, Inc. began development of a mobile version of Psiphon 3 for use with phones running Android.
In 2021, the monthly user base surged from 5,000 to over 14 million due to the Myanmar protests. It is thought that the state censorship of many other social media websites is the cause. During the 2021 Cuban protests, over one million protesters began using the tool after the government shut down many social media websites.
See also
Freedom of information
GNUnet
Hacktivism
Internet censorship
OpenNet Initiative
The Six/Four System
Further reading
Software jumps China's firewall for news from Tibet
BBC: Web censorship 'bypass' unveiled
Canadian software touted as answer to Internet censorship abroad
Computerworld: Liberation software designed on basis of trust
Reuters: Canada experts find path round Internet firewalls
Al Jazeera's Listening Post story about psiphon on YouTube
Index on Censorship – Psiphon wins Economist New Media award at Freedom of Expression awards 2009
References
External links
Free network-related software
University of Toronto
Internet censorship
Free and open-source Android software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psiphon |
The Darwin Football Club, nicknamed, Buffaloes, is an Australian rules football club, playing in the Northern Territory Football League. It is the third oldest football club in the Northern Territory. Darwin has won the second most premierships in the NTFL competition. It has produced a large number of Australian Footballers who went on to play professionally in the Australian Football League.
Club achievements
History
The club was formed in 1916. They've been known as Warriors in 1917, Vestey’s in 1918, Buffaloes in 1926, Darwin in 1963 and eventually the Darwin Buffaloes in 2010.
The Buffaloes Premier League Men have won 23 titles in the competition. Their most recent win was in the 2005/06 NTFL Grand Final.
The Buffaloes (Buffettes) Premier League Women won the 2016/17 & 2021/22 NTFL Grand Finals.
The club has produced AFL players including Matthew Whelan, Andrew McLeod, Matthew Ahmat, Robert Ahmat, Matthew Campbell, Darryl White, Matthew Whelan, Cameron Stokes, Joe Anderson, Jed Anderson and Malcolm Rosas Jr.
External links
Official Facebook
Full Points Footy Profile for Darwin
Sport in Darwin, Northern Territory
Australian rules football clubs in the Northern Territory
1916 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%20Football%20Club |
The Fichtelberg () is a mountain with two main peaks in the middle of the Ore Mountains in the east German state of Saxony, near the Czech border. At above sea level, the Fichtelberg is the highest mountain in Saxony, the second highest in the Ore Mountains and used to be the highest mountain in East Germany. Its subpeak is high.
Location
The Fichtelberg rises within the Central Ore Mountains in the Ore Mountains/Vogtland Nature Park around 1.5 kilometres north of the German-Czech border. At the southern foot of the mountain lies the highest town in Germany: the resort of Oberwiesenthal in the Pöhlbach valley. About 750 metres south-southwest is the less prominent subpeak of the Fichtelberg, known as the Kleiner Fichtelberg ("Little Fichtelberg") also called the Hinterer Fichtelberg ("Rear Fichtelberg"); 1,205.6 m). About 4 kilometres south-southeast is the highest peak in the Ore Mountains: the Klínovec (Keilberg; 1,244 m) on the Czech side of the border. In the wet valley heads and raised bogs on the Fichtelberg, numerous streams have their sources. The most important of these is the River Zschopau.
Geology
The Fichtelberg consists predominantly of light-coloured, crystalline rocks, especially a variety of muscovite slate (Muskovitschiefer). In the main, this rock only comprises quartz and muscovite; although it sometimes contains orthoclase and biotite as well. Additional components include rutile, garnet, tourmaline, hematite and ilmenite.
Climate
Located in the interior of Central Europe, in the eastern half of Germany and at an altitude above 1200 m, Fichtelberg has a humid continental subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc). Winters are cold though mild for latitude/elevation reason, snow can occur in large quantity and remains throughout the winter due to the low temperatures. Although unusual temperatures at or near 30 °C are not impossible (unlike places in the Alps), but summer is usually cool. Together with mild temperatures, abundant precipitation above 1100 mm gives the climate some oceanic characteristics, except for the cold season. Normally the mountain is hazy, but the difference in sunshine between summer and winter is less than London, for example.
Since the 1891 data, there was a tendency for temperature to rise, although the years 1950-1980 were particularly cold. By 2003 the increase was less than one tenth of a degree per year, but considerable for a large scale, the speed increased from 1980 to 2004 when the increase was half a degree per year.
Summit
On the Summit of the Fichtelberg stands the Fichtelberg House (Fichtelberghaus) with its observation tower, a weather station and a prominent triangulation station of the Royal Saxon Survey (Königlich-Sächsischen Triangulation) from 1864, where measurements of regional and national significance were carried out. The Fichtelberg Cable Car runs up the eastern slope of the mountain from Oberwiesenthal to a point near the summit.
History
Origin of the name
The mountain was given its name thanks to the existing natural forests of spruce that covered it (see section on forest history). In the 16th century Georgius Agricola used the Latinised form, Pinifer (Fichtelberg).
Fichtelberg House
The first albeit unreferenced evidence of a building on the summit of the Fichtelberg is found in the Historischen Schauplatz published in 1699 by Christian Lehmann, where it says:
The first definitely confirmed Fichtelberg house was built on the Fichtelberg in 1888/89 by Oskar Puschmann. It was opened on 21 July 1889 and extended for the first time in 1899. In 1910 the house was expanded again as a result of the popularity of the highest mountain in Saxony. With the construction of the Fichtelberg Cable Car in 1924 the visitor numbers climbed still further.
On the evening of 25 February 1963 a fire broke out in the Fichtelberg House. 180 firemen from across the county of Annaberg were called out and took part in the firefighting. Heavy snowdrifts on the access road meant that all the firefighting equipment had to be transported up the mountain on the cable car. Hoses that had been laid from Oberwiesenthal up to the top of the mountain froze in temperatures of −15 °C and the lack of water meant that they could not put the fire out. The building was razed to its foundation walls.
On 22 June 1965 the foundation stone for a new building was laid. By 1967, a modern Fichtelberg House with an austere, typically East German concrete architecture and integrated, plain, 42 metre-high observation tower had been completed. The GDR made 12 million marks available for its construction. The new Fichtelberg House had seating for around 600. On the ground floor was a large self-service restaurant, on the upper floor was a grill bar, a concert café and a conference room. Well known artists helped design the interior. The wooden walls of the vestibule and the room dividers in the self-service area were by Hans Brockhage. Carl-Heinz Westenburger created a mural for the end wall of the conference room, on which he depicted sporting life on the Fichtelberg. At the end of the 1990 the Fichtelberg House was converted to resemble the old building and re-opened on 18 July 1999. The newly built observation tower is only 31 metres high.
Weather station
In 1890 the publican of the Fichtelberg House recorded the first regular weather observations. On 1 January 1916 meteorologists began work in the new weather station. It was founded by Paul Schreiber and expanded into a mountain observatory in 1950. In 2019, measurements at the top were fully automated and the station is no longer staffed.
Cable car
The Fichtelberg rises above the holiday and winter sports resort of Oberwiesenthal, both connected by the Fichtelberg Cable Car (Fichtelberg-Schwebebahn). This cable car was opened in 1924, the cable is 1,175 m long with a height difference of 305 m. It takes six minutes to travel from the valley to the top of the mountain. Large car parks are available on the lower half of the mountain, but parking near the top is limited. Bus transportation is available in addition to the cable car.
Fichtelberg Railway
The Fichtelberg Railway (Fichtelbergbahn) terminates at the southeastern foot of the mountain. This narrow gauge line, which runs from Cranzahl to Oberwiesenthal, was opened in 1897 and is 17.349 km long.
Fichtelberg Inn
The Fichtelberg Inn (Fichtelbergbaude), a building used as a guest house on the road leading up the Fichtelberg, caught fire on 21 November 2009 in a suspected arson attack.
Flora and fauna
Forest history
The extensive spruce forests in the area surrounding the Fichtelberg have been constantly utilised since man first settled here and have thus undergone much change. The original vegetation of the highlands and mountain ridges was fundamentally different. Pollen analyses from the Gottesgaber Moor revealed useful information about the former composition of the forest. The main tree species of the Hercynian mixed forest of the highlands - the silver fir (Abies alba), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) - occurred in roughly equal proportions of around 30% on the ridgelines. Old church records and forest assessments contain descriptions of the original condition of the forest, showing that the Fichtelberg was covered by mixed forest consisting of the aforementioned tree species. The present dominance of the spruce is primarily a result of human influence. Improper management such as deforestation and high populations of game steadily reduced the proportion of fir and beech trees in favour of spruce. With the beginning of state forestry in Saxony in the early 19th century, the composition of species changed drastically. Forest management, which was focussed on achieving the highest net yield, saw the spruce as the perfect timber resource. Gradually other tree species were planted again.
Botanical specialities
The exposed situations of the Fichtelberg near the natural treeline provides a good habitat for many rare montane plants. Of particular note is the occurrence of numerous species that are normally found in the Alps or the Tundra of Northern Europe, including the small white orchid, common moonwort, frog orchid, Alpine clubmoss und Alpine coltsfoot.
Protected areas
The following protected areas are found on the Fichtelberg:
The Fichtelberg Protected Area, established in 1962 and covering 5.48 km² (LSG No. 320795)
The Fichtelberg and Schönjungfern Valley (Fichtelberg mit Schönjungferngrund) Nature Reserve, on the southern slopes was established in 1961 and covers 18.67 ha in two separate areas (NSG No. 163092)
The Fichtelberg South Mountainside (Fichtelberg-Südhang) Nature Reserve to the southwest of the Fichtelberg and Schönjungfern Valley reserve, established in 1997, which comprises a number of separate areas covering 73.15 ha (NSG No. 163093).
The Cane or Reed Meadow (Rohr- oder Schilfwiese) to the west on the Kleiner Fichtelberg formed in 1967 and covering 5.25 ha (NSG No. 165205).
These areas overlap with the Fichtelberg Meadows (Fichtelbergwiesen) Habitat Area (FFH No. 5543-304).
Views
On clear days, one can see to the mountains in the northern Czech Republic (the Central Bohemian Uplands, Lusatian Mountains, Jizera Mountains and Giant Mountains) and to the Bohemian Forest to the south. The area around Fichtelberg and the neighbouring Klínovec mountain is famous for winter sport facilities, providing many ski lifts and cross-country ski tracks.
Ascents
The journey time to the top of the mountain on the Fichtelberg Cable Car is 3½ minutes. There is also a bus service from Oberwiesenthal. At the summit and just below it are several parking areas for cars and busses. The mountain is also accessible on numerous footpaths. Some are part of the E3 European long distance path and the Zittau to Wernigerode long distance path.
The mountain is a magnet for cyclists and bikers. From the Pöhlbach valley, two long winding roads, starting at a height of 830 m, head towards the Czech border. After a short section on the level, it turns right towards the summit. The road runs through forested countryside that gives a strong impression that one is above 1,000 m. The total length of this ascent is 6,600 metres and it climbs through around 380 metres in heigh.
The less well known and more difficult ascent starts in Rittersgrün and climbs through 556 metres in 13.64 kilometres. The road runs through Ehrenzipfel, Zweibach and Tellerhäuser. After passing through these villages there is a long steep climb that flattens out as it makes its way up to a junction signed Fichtelberg. After a further 2 kilometres of uphill climbing it reaches the summit of the Fichtelberg.
Gallery
See also
List of mountains in the Ore Mountains
References
Literature
Reinhart Heppner/Jörg Brückner/Helmut Schmidt: Sächsisch-böhmische Aussichtsberge des westlichen Erzgebirges in Wort und Bild mit touristischen Angaben, Horb am Neckar, 2001, pp. 52–54
External links
Fichtelberg Cable Car
Mountains of Saxony
Mountains of the Ore Mountains
Protected landscapes in Germany
Oberwiesenthal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichtelberg |
The 2007 Pan American Games, officially known as the XV Pan American Games, were a major continental multi-sport event that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 13 to 29, 2007. A total of 5,633 athletes from 42 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 332 events in 34 sports and in 47 disciplines. During the Games, 95 new Pan American records were set; 2,196 medals were awarded; 1,262 doping control tests were performed and about 15,000 volunteers participated in the organization of the event, which was an Olympic qualification for 13 International Federations (IFs).
Rio de Janeiro was awarded the Games over San Antonio, Texas, United States, on August 24, 2002, having won an absolute majority of votes (30–21) from the 51 members of the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) in the first round of voting during the XL PASO General Assembly held in Mexico City, Mexico. This was the first Games held in Brazil since the 1963 Pan American Games that took place in São Paulo. According to the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee, the Games called for the implementation of the country's largest organizational and logistic operation ever.
Bidding process
The official bid was submitted in August 2001 during the XXXIX Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) General Assembly held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In April 2002, following delivery of Federal, State and City Government and BOC letters confirming country, state, city and Brazilian sport compliance with the applicable Games regulations, PASO announced the approval of Rio de Janeiro's bid. The Bidding Committee then submitted a detailed bid file for the Games. The document was prepared and developed with the assistance of Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV), which had been commissioned by Rio de Janeiro's City Government. In the running to host the 2007 Pan American Games, Rio de Janeiro faced off with the city of San Antonio, United States; which previously beat Houston, Miami, and Raleigh to become the American candidate.
According to PASO statute and regulations, the host city was selected by direct voting during the XL PASO General Assembly held in Mexico City, Mexico, on August 24, 2002. The candidate city that received the simple majority of votes from representatives of the 42 member National Olympic Committees (NOCs) would be awarded the right to host the competition. The
announcement was made by PASO President Mario Vázquez Raña. Rio de Janeiro received 30 votes against 21 from San Antonio. Marked by a professional strategy that included the showing of city and project videos, Rio de Janeiro's campaign convinced the majority of voters, accounting for a total 51 votes. The 39-member Brazilian delegation erupted into boisterous celebration celebrating the country's highest achievement in terms of sporting event organization.
Medal count
Mascot
The organization of the Rio 2007 Games has chosen the figure of the Sun to represent the event. And, in a decision never taken before, it has defined it as the single mascot of the Pan American and Parapan American Games, such as the Brazilian expression, that the "Sol Brilha para Todos" (The sun shines for everyone), reinforcing thus the principles against prejudice and that, like the sun, sport is for all.
The character reflects the main characteristics of the host city and harmonizes with the graphic work developed for the logo and the visual identity of both Games. The name was chosen through popular voting by Internet, cellular phone messages and public ballot boxes placed around the main Brazilian cities, causing great commotion. Over 1.2 million people participated in the election, and the name Cauê received almost half of the votes.
Traditionally used in large sport events, the mascot figure serves the purpose of cheering the event, enforcing the playful aspect of sports and captivating spectators and athletes. The mascot's main choice is to transmit messages of peace, respect to the environment, friendship and brotherhood, which are intrinsic values to the Olympic Movement.
Torch relay
The 2007 Pan American Games torch relay was a 39-day torch run, from June 5 to July 13, 2007, held prior to the games. On June 4, the torch was lit at the torch lighting ceremony in Teotihuacán, Mexico. The flame was then taken by a Brazilian Air Force craft to Santa Cruz Cabrália, Bahia, Brazil, where the torch relay began.
Opening ceremony
The Opening Ceremony of the XV Pan American Games took place on July 13, 2007. Approximately 90,000 people packed Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã Stadium for the occasion. The ceremony included a cast of 7,000 and a multimillion-dollar budget, being produced by Scott Givens. Over 800 people were part of the creative and production teams working on the Opening Ceremony, Team Welcome Ceremonies, Sports Production, the presentation of 2,252 medals, Sports Production, the Closing Ceremony and ParaPan ceremonies.
The show began at 05:30 pm (local time, UTC-3) and lasted for two and a half hours. The theme of the show was based on the theme of the Rio 2007 Games: Viva Essa Energia (Share the Energy) and the oath of the athletes was performed by Brazilian Taekwondo athlete Natália Falavigna. Also, a very abbreviated version of the Olympic Anthem was played.
Contrary to plan, the games were not opened by Brazil's head of state, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, but by the head of the Brazilian Olympic Committee, Carlos Nuzman. Prior to the official opening, Lula had been constantly booed whenever the in-stadium camera showed his image or when his name was mentioned.
Venues
The competitions were carried through in a ray of 25 km, spread for four polar regions in the city.
Marapendi Club – Tennis
City of Sports Complex – Basketball, Cycling (track), Artistic Gymnastics, Swimming, Synchronised swimming, Roller Skating (Speed and Diving).
Outeiro Hill – Cycling (Mountain Bike and BMX).
Riocentro Complex (IBC/MPC) – Badminton, Boxing, Fencing, Futsal, Rhythmic Gymnastics and Trampoline, Handball, Judo, Weightlifting, Wrestling, Taekwondo and Table Tennis.
City of Rock – Baseball and Softball.
Barra Bowling Center – Bowling.
Zico Football Center (CFZ) – Football (soccer).
Miécimo da Silva Complex – Football (soccer), Karate, Roller Skating (Artistics) and Squash.
Deodoro Military Club – Equestrian (Dressage, Eventing, Jumping), Field Hockey, Modern Pentathlon, Sport Shooting and Archery.
João Havelange Stadium – Athletics and Football (soccer).
Maracanã Stadium – Football (soccer), Water Polo and Volleyball.
Marina da Glória – Sailing.
Flamengo Park – Athletics (Marathon and Race Walking) and Cycling (road).
Copacabana Arena – Swimming Marathon, Triathlon and Beach Volleyball.
Rowing Stadium of the Lagoon – Canoe flatwater and Rowing.
Caiçaras Club – Water Ski.
Main construction work of the 2007 Pan American Games, the João Havelange Olympic Stadium hosted the athletics and football competitions. The stadium is one of the major Games' legacies to the city of Rio de Janeiro, which can since then count on a modern stadium with full capacity to be used for sports and cultural events. The City of Sports Complex counts on modern constructions such as the Rio Olympic Arena, where the Games' basketball and artistic gymnastics competitions were held; the Maria Lenk Aquatic Park, venue for the swimming, synchronized swimming and diving competitions; and the Barra Velodrome, where the track cycling and speed skating events took place. Riocentro Convention Center is the largest expositions and fairs center of Latin America, for the 2007 Games, the complex held temporary facilities for staging several sport disciplines, including in the Parapan American Games. The Miécimo da Silva Sports Complex is the largest sports complex owned by a City Government (City Hall) in Brazil. Several large sports events took place at this venue, such as the basketball exhibition game between the teams of American Magic Johnson and Brazilian Oscar Schmidt, in addition to several matches of the Brazilian Futsal team. The Deodoro Military Club is a traditional Brazilian Army sport facility in Rio de Janeiro, will host the Rio 2007 Games equestrian, field hockey, modern pentathlon, sport shooting and archery competitions.
The Maracanã Stadium was built for the 1950 FIFA World Cup, the Mario Filho Stadium (internationally known as Maracanã) is one of the most famous stadiums in the world, receiving a great number of Brazilian and foreign tourists annually. The stadium staged the Opening and Closing Ceremonies and football matches, including the finals. The Maracanãzinho Gymnasium is the house of the Rio 2007 volleyball competitions. The Julio Delamare Water Park is the stage for the water polo tournament in the Games. The Maracanã Sports Complex also includes the Celio de Barros Athletics Stadium, and it is administered by the Rio de Janeiro State Government.
Also known as Aterro do Flamengo, the Flamengo Park is the largest leisure area of the city. Besides Marina da Glória, the main venue for the Rio 2007 sailing competitions. During the Games, the marathon (men's and women's) arrival points set up at the Flamengo Park, which also staged the race walking and road cycling competitions.
Sports
Apart the tensions between PASO and the Organizing Committee who proposed only the 2008 Summer Olympics program and the futsal as the only optional sport.In early 2005,PASO and Rio 2007 Organizing Committee added 5 sports provided for in the Pan-American Games charter (bowling, karatequash, water skiing and roller sports) to the program while racquetball and basque pelota were dropped due the low popularity and the lack of infrastructures at the host country.
Aquatics
Canoeing ()
Canoe sprint (12)
Cycling ()
BMX (2)
Mountain biking (2)
Road (4)
Track (10)
Equestrian ()
Dressage (2)
Eventing (2)
Jumping (2)
(, )
Gymnastics ()
Artistic (14)
Rhythmic (8)
Trampolining (2)
Volleyball ()
Volleyball (2)
Beach volleyball (2)
Wrestling ()
Freestyle (11)
Greco-Roman (7)
Participating nations
Broadcasting
: Canal 7 Argentina
: Radio y Television Boliviana
: Rede Bandeirantes, Rede Globo, Rede Record, BandSports, ESPN Brasil, Sportv
: CTV Sports
: Canal 13, TVN
: Canal Capital, Canal 13, Canal TRO, Teleantioquia, Telecafé, Telecaribe, Teleislas, Telepacífico, Señal Colombia
: Tele Antillas
: Gamavision, Teleamazonas
: Eurosport
: Telecorporación Salvadoreña
: ESPN Deportes, Televisa
: RPC TV-canal 4TV MAX-Canal 9
: America TV, Panamericana Television
: ESPN
: Teledoce
: Meridiano TV
Calendar
See also
2007 Parapan American Games
2011 Military World Games
2016 Summer Olympics
2014 FIFA World Cup
2019 Copa América
References
External links
esportes.terra.com.br
Rio 2007 - XV Pan American Games - III Parapan American Games - Official Report (Part 1) at PanamSports.org
Rio 2007 - XV Pan American Games - III Parapan American Games - Official Report (Part 2) at PanamSports.org
Pan American Games
Pan American Games, 2007
International sports competitions in Rio de Janeiro (city)
P
Pan American
Pan American Games
2000s in Rio de Janeiro
July 2007 sports events in South America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Pan%20American%20Games |
The Wanderers Football Club, nicknamed, Eagles, is an Australian rules football club, currently playing in the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).
The club was formed in 1916 as a founding member of the NTFL. It has produced Australian Football League (AFL) players such as Shannon, Daniel and Marlon Motlop, Russell Jeffrey, Mark West, Troy Taylor, Relton Roberts, Steven Motlop and Liam Patrick.
Club achievements
Club song
External links
Wanderers FC - Facebook
Full Points Footy Profile for Wanderers Football Club
Sport in Darwin, Northern Territory
Australian rules football clubs in the Northern Territory
1916 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanderers%20Football%20Club |
Venus in Furs is an 1870 novella by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch.
In music, Venus in Furs may refer to:
"Venus in Furs" (song), by the Velvet Underground
A song by Electric Wizard, from the album Black Masses
The Venus in Furs, a fictional band created for the 1998 movie Velvet Goldmine
On screen and stage, Venus in Furs may refer to:
Venus in Furs (1965 film), directed by Piero Heliczer
Venus in Furs (1967 film), directed by Joseph Marzano
Venus in Furs (1969 Franco film), directed by Jesús Franco
Venus in Furs (1969 Dallamano film), directed by Massimo Dallamano
Seduction: The Cruel Woman, 1985 West German film directed by Elfi Mikesch and Monika Treut
Venus in Furs (1995 film), directed by Victor Nieuwenhuijs and Maartje Seyferth
Venus in Fur, two-character play by David Ives first produced in 2010
Venus in Furs (2012 film) (Korean: 모피를 입은 비너스), directed by Song Yae-sup (송예섭)
Venus in Fur (film), 2013 French adaptation of the Ives play, directed by Roman Polanski | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus%20in%20Furs%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Waratah Football Club, nicknamed, Warriors or Tahs, is a member club of the Northern Territory Football League.
Club achievements
History
The club was formed in November 1916, and was one of the original foundation clubs. Waratah is the only Club with an involvement in every year the competition has been played in Darwin.
The Waratah FC has won 15 League Premierships (including 3 consecutive Premierships from 1928/29 to 1930/31) 12 Reserves Premierships and 2 Under 18 Premierships.
The League side broke a 21-year drought in the 1998/99 season to win the League Premiership and followed this up with a back-to-back Premiership in 1999/2000. The Reserve Grade won the Premiership for 3 consecutive years over this period with Premiership wins in 1997/98, 1998/99 and 1999/2000, and again last season.
The prestigious AFLNT Nichols Medal has been won by 8 legends of the Club, with one of these players to have won dual medals. Denis Ganley 1951/52, Bluey McKee 1952/53, Bill James 1953/54, Jim Wilson 1960/61, Bertram Kantilla 1962/63, Keith Nickels 1971/72, Hank McPhee 1979/80, Peter Ivanoff 1981/82 and 1986/87.
Notable Waratah players in the AFL such as Essendon's Dean Rioli.
Club song
External links
Official website
Full Points Footy Profile for Waratah Football Club
Sport in Darwin, Northern Territory
Australian rules football clubs in the Northern Territory
1916 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waratah%20Football%20Club |
Holiday Inn Orlando - Disney Springs Area is a resort hotel located on the property of Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It is near the Disney Springs district on Hotel Plaza Boulevard. The resort has 323 rooms, a heated swimming pool and a hot tub. The hotel also has a view of the Disney Springs area and the rest of the Walt Disney World Resort from certain areas of the hotel.
History
The hotel opened on February 8, 1973, as Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge, later the Howard Johnson at Walt Disney World Village. The hotel was expanded in 1978. It was bought by Marriott Hotels in 1994 and became the Courtyard by Marriott at Walt Disney World Village on January 20, 1995. InterContinental Hotels Group bought the resort in 2003 and it closed on December 30, 2003, for renovations to convert it to a Holiday Inn. The incomplete hotel was extensively damaged by Hurricane Charley on August 14, 2004. The hotel remained closed for six years, until it was restored and reopened on February 12, 2010, as the Holiday Inn Walt Disney World Resort, after a $35 million renovation. On December 9, 2016, the hotel was sold to Chicago-based GEM Realty Capital for $24 million. It is currently operated and managed by Interstate Hotels & Resorts, under the Holiday Inn brand.
References
External links
Hotel page on Holiday Inn website
Hotel page on Disney Springs™ Resort Area Hotels website
Hotel page on disneyworld.com website
Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge -- Lake Buena Vista
Hotels in Walt Disney World Resort
Lake Buena Vista
Hotels established in 1973
Hotel buildings completed in 1973
1973 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday%20Inn%20Orlando%20-%20Disney%20Springs%20Area |
The Palmerston Football Club, nicknamed, Magpies, is an Australian rules football club, currently playing in the Northern Territory Football League. They were first called Internationals before entering the NTFL, then they were called North Darwin from the 1972/73 to 1995/96 season.
Club achievements
History
The Palmerston Magpies Football Club began in 1970 and was originally known as the Internationals. At that time most players were English and Greek soccer players. John O'Donoghue and Paul Fricker got the started with John doing the ground work while Paul represented the club at NTFL meetings. In 1971, the club was informed by the NTFL executive to field three teams and to change its name to a more suitable football name, hence Nth Darwin was born.
In 1972 club was renamed North Darwin Football Club, with the club winning a premiership in 1980/81 under the leadership of Coach Ian Smith and Captain John Stokes (father of AFL footballer Mathew Stokes). North Darwin Football Club moved to Palmerston in the 1995/1996 season and became the Palmerston Magpies Incorporated the following season, at which time the club moved to Palmerston to play home games for 1 season at Archer Oval. Following a move back to Marrara as our home ground, the club played in 4 grand finals 1999/2000 to 2002/2003 and won 2 premierships in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002.
Palmerston Magpies is the only club in the NTFL that represents its own City. The City of Palmerston is located 21 km south of Darwin. The Magpies home ground is the Cazalys Oval, a $2 million facility located at Charles Darwin University Palmerston Campus.
The club has produced players for the AFL such as Aaron Davey, Alwyn Davey, Trent Hentschel, and Mathew Stokes.
Club song
External links
Official website
Full Points Footy Profile for Palmerston
Sport in Darwin, Northern Territory
Australian rules football clubs in the Northern Territory
1970 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1970
Palmerston, Northern Territory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmerston%20Football%20Club |
The Southern Districts Football Club, nicknamed the Crocs, is an Australian rules football club established in 1981. The club plays in the Northern Territory Football League at semi-professional level and represent the rural area of Litchfield.
Premier League ('A' Grade)
The club won their first ever 'A' Grade Premiership under Coach Mark Motlop in the 1997/98 season defeating St Mary's.
Michael "Magic" McLean coached for a number of seasons commencing with the 2006/07 Premiership season.
Shannon Rusca became Senior Coach in the 2012/13 season. Shannon who played as the youngest Premier League premiership player as a 17-year-old in the club's first 'A' grade Premiership in the 1997/98 season was Captain in the 2006/07 season Premiership winning team playing as a Player / Assistant Coach under "Magic". Then in the 2017/18 season coached the team to the club's third Premier League premiership.
Club achievements
History
The club was formed in the early 1980s. In 1981 it entered the NTFL with one junior grade and a 'C' grade men's side. The club gradually entered more grades until it entered a side into the 'A' Grade in the 1987/88 season.
The club has produced many quality players at AFL level, including Collingwood Football Club great Nathan Buckley. Other players from the club include Gilbert McAdam, Adrian McAdam, Michael O'Loughlin, Aaron Shattock, Fabian Francis, Shannon Rusca, Steven Koops, and Shawn Lewfatt. Other Crocs juniors players Roger Smith and Bradley Copeland were also drafted to AFL clubs in the early seasons of the Crocs but didn't manage to play an AFL game.
More recently it has produced (Brisbane Lions/Collingwood Football Club) Anthony Corrie, (Richmond Football Club/Adelaide Football Club) Richard Tambling, (Brisbane Lions/Gold Coast Football Club) Jared Brennan, (Western Bulldogs) Malcolm Lynch, (Richmond Football Club) Troy Taylor, (Gold Coast Football Club) Steven May, (Geelong Football Club) Nakia Cockatoo, with Zac Bailey being the most recently drafted player to the Brisbane Lions in the 2017 Australian Football League draft
Other players who have for the club over the years that played for the Crocs before playing AFL or after playing AFL include Allen Jakovich who kicked 104 goals in his first season at the Crocs in the 1988/89 NTFL season, Brisbane Lions Premiership players Chris Johnson, Des Headland and Darryl White (who played in the SDFC 2006/07 NTFL Premiership side). Damian Cupido (Brisbane Lions) and (Essendon Football Club) played for the Crocs in the 2012/13 and 2013/14 NTFL seasons kicking 140 goals in his first season at the club. James Kelly (Geelong Football Club), Simon Buckley (Collingwood Football Club/Melbourne Football Club), Robert Copeland (Brisbane Lions Football Club), Laurence Angwin (Carlton Football Club). Mark Jamar played for the Crocs after being delisted by Melbourne Football Club but then he was picked up by the Essendon Football Club as a top up player so had another season of AFL before returning to the Crocs and playing in the 2017/18 Premier League Premiership winning Crocs team. Ed Barlow (Sydney Swans/Western Bulldogs) also played in the same Premiership team after three seasons with the Crocs.
Club song
External links
Official Southern Districts Football Club website
AFL Northern Territory
Northern Territory Football League
Australian rules football clubs in the Northern Territory
Sport in Darwin, Northern Territory
1981 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Districts%20Football%20Club |
Athens Airport or Athens International Airport is the primary airport of Athens, Greece.
Athens Airport may also refer to:
Athens Airport Station, the railway station of Athens International Airport
Ellinikon International Airport, the old airport of Athens, Greece
Athens Ben Epps Airport in Athens, Georgia, United States
Athens Municipal Airport in Athens, Texas, United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens%20Airport%20%28disambiguation%29 |
A Girl Like Me or Girl Like Me may refer to:
Film and television
A Girl like Me (film), a 2005 American documentary short film by Kiri Davis
A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story, a 2006 American television film
Music
Albums
A Girl Like Me (Emma Bunton album) or the title song, 2001
A Girl like Me (Rihanna album) or the title song, 2006
A Girl Like Me: Letters to My Lovers, an EP by Peppermint, or the title song, 2020
A Girl like Me, by Nikkole, 2005
Songs
Girl Like Me (Black Eyed Peas and Shakira song), 2020
Girl Like Me (Jazmine Sullivan song), 2021
Girl Like Me (Luv' song), 1990
A Girl Like Me, by Christina Milian from Christina Milian, 2001
A Girl Like Me, by The Desert Sessions from Volume 10: I Heart Disco, 2003
Girl Like Me, by Jessie James Decker from Southern Girl City Lights, 2017
See also
A Girl Like You (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Girl%20Like%20Me |
Daly River is a town adjacent to the Daly River in the Northern Territory of Australia. At the 2006 census, Daly River had a population of 468. The town is part of the Victoria Daly Region local government area. The area is popular for recreational fishing, being regarded as one of the best places to catch Barramundi in Australia.
History
Early settlement and mission
The traditional owners of the area are the Mulluk-Mulluk people who live both in Nauiyu and at Wooliana downstream from the community.
European settlement of Daly River began in 1865 with the arrival of Boyle Travers Finniss, the first Premier of South Australia and the first Government Resident of the Northern Territory. Finniss named the river after Sir Dominick Daly, the Governor of South Australia, since the Northern Territory was at that time part of South Australia. The region lay untouched by Europeans until 1882 when copper was discovered.
Daly River town was the scene of some particularly bloody exchanges between the local Aborigines and the miners. In 1884 three miners were killed. The miners in the town wreaked vengeance on the local Aborigines out of proportion to the perceived crime. A year later, probably aware of the tensions in the area, the Society of Jesus order of the Roman Catholic Church established a mission in the town, introducing Christianity and farming techniques to the local Aboriginal population. The original mission endured until 1899, when following a significant flood the missionaries were withdrawn.
In 1954, contact between traditional Malak Malak elders and the then bishop of Darwin led to the mission being reestablished. In 1955, the church purchased of land and the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart helped to establish a school and a clinic for the community. The mission was later renamed Nauiyu and with the exception of the church, convent, school and associated residences transferred to community ownership. Due to the influence of the mission in the town, 75% percent of the population identify as Roman Catholics.
Through the twentieth century there were a number of attempts to settle the town without real success. In 1911 the Commonwealth Government tried to convince people to move to the town. By the 1920s there were plans for crops of peanuts and tobacco which came to nothing. Cashews and sugar cane were also planted unsuccessfully. In 1967 the Tipperary Land Corporation cleared large tracts of land around the settlement and started growing sorghum but the operation was closed down in 1973.
Floods
Like other rivers of the Top End, the Daly is prone to seasonal flooding and this has had a significant impact on the small community throughout its history. Major flood events devastated the town in 1899 and 1957, causing widespread property damage. On 28 January 1998, a major natural disaster saw every building in the town inundated and the entire population airlifted to Batchelor during the emergency evacuation. The floodwaters, fed by heavy rainfall in the wake of Tropical Cyclone Les continued to rise until 3 February, reaching a peak of , the highest level recorded to date.
Economy and infrastructure
Daly River is considered a remote community, and is primarily accessed via the Daly River Road which was sealed as far as the river crossing in 2007, providing all weather access to Darwin. A sealed airstrip at Nauiyu provides for charter and medical evacuation flights, however there are no scheduled air services to the airport, or aircraft regularly based in the town.
Other public facilities at Daly River include a public library, swimming pool, school and health clinic. There is a Catholic church, St Francis Xavier located in Nauiyu. The Victoria Daly Regional Council maintains a regional office in the community, contributing more than 40 jobs to the local economy. Public Administration is by far the largest employment industry, accounting for over half of the workforce.
The town and surrounding district are served by a modern police station, built in 1994. Two members of the Northern Territory Police are based here. The area serviced by the station is , and the responsibilities of the Daly River members include Emergency Management and boat access to the communities when the roads are cut by seasonal flooding.
Attractions
Today the town has a pub with motel units, a police station, and a number of caravan parks. It is located on the banks of the river a couple of kilometres from the Daly River Crossing, now by sealed road from the main tourist route, the Stuart Highway. The settlement is a centre for visitors to explore the Daly River Nature Park and fishermen after barramundi. The park is home to saltwater crocodiles, reptiles, spiders, cockatoos, wild pigs, feral Water Buffalo, mangroves, giant bamboos, pandanus and the red kapok tree, Bombax ceiba.
On the road east of Daly River is a turnoff to Woolianna, where there are numerous caravan parks. Just before entering the town there is a turnoff to the Nauiyu Aboriginal Community, home to the Roman Catholic Mission and Merrepen Arts Centre where local art is sold. Merrepen Arts has become a well known art centre in the top end. In recent years a number of artists from the area have become nationally famous including Marita Sambono and Kieren Karritpul. The art centre and workshops are open to the public on weekdays.
See also
Daly Waters, Northern Territory
Daly languages
References
External links
Images of 'Red Kapok' or 'Northern Cottonwood' trees
Katherine Regional Tourist Authority
Nauiyu Nambiyu Community Government Council
Merrepen Arts Centre
Towns in the Northern Territory
1865 establishments in Australia
Populated places established in 1865
Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory
Australian Aboriginal missions
Places in the unincorporated areas of the Northern Territory
Victoria Daly Region | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daly%20River%2C%20Northern%20Territory |
Melus (also Milus or Meles, Melo in Italian) (died 1020) was a Lombard nobleman from the Apulian town of Bari, whose ambition to carve for himself an autonomous territory from the Byzantine catapanate of Italy in the early eleventh century inadvertently sparked the Norman presence in Southern Italy. He was the first Duke of Apulia.
Biography
Melus and his brother-in-law Dattus rebelled in 1009 and quickly took Bari itself. In 1010, they took Ascoli and Troia, but the new catapan, Basil Mesardonites, gathered a large army, and on 11 June 1011 Bari fell. Melus fled to the protection of Prince Guaimar III of Salerno and Dattus to the Benedictine abbey of Montecassino, where the anti-Greek monks, at the insistence of Pope Benedict VIII, gave him a fortified tower on the Garigliano. Melus' family, however, were captured and carted off to Constantinople.
In 1016, according to the Norman chronicler William of Apulia, Melus went to the Shrine of Saint Michael at Monte Gargano to intercept some Norman pilgrims. There he petitioned Rainulf Drengot and a band of Norman exiles to aid in his rebellion, assuring them of the ease of victory and the abundance of spoils. By 1017, Norman adventurers were already heading south. They joined with the Lombard forces under Melus at Capua and marched into Apulia immediately, trying to catch the Byzantines off-guard. Successful in an encounter in May on the banks of the Fortore against forces sent by the catapan Kontoleon Tornikios, they had seized all the territory between the Fortore and Trani by September and were ravaging Apulia; in October, however, they experienced a stunning reverse.
The new catapan, Basil Boioannes, had garnered a massive force of reserves and a contingent of the famed Varangian Guard from Emperor Basil II. He met the Norman and Lombard hosts on the Ofanto at the site of the famous defeat dealt the Romans by Hannibal in 216 BC: Cannae. This second battle of Cannae was a disaster both for the Normans, who lost their leader Gilbert, and for the Lombards, whose leaders fled: Melus to the "Samnite lands" (Amatus) of the Papal States and Dattus to Montecassino and the tower again.
Melus continued wandering through south and central Italy and finally northwards to Germany. He ended up at the imperial court of Henry II in Bamberg. Though greatly honoured (he was given the empty title Duke of Apulia by the emperor), he died a broken man only two years later, just after Pope Benedict arrived in Bamberg at Eastertide to discuss an imperial response to the Byzantine victories. He was given a lavish funeral and an ornate tomb in the new Bamberg Cathedral by his old ally, the emperor. His son Argyrus would carry on the struggle for Lombard independence in Apulia after his return from imprisonment in Constantinople.
Sources
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
Amatus of Montecassino. History of the Normans Book I. Translated by Prescott N. Dunbar. Boydell, 2004.
External links
History of the Norman World.
11th-century Lombard people
10th-century births
1020 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Lombard warriors
Dukes in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melus%20of%20Bari |
Malcolm Goldstein (born March 27, 1936 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American-Canadian composer, violinist and improviser who has been active in the presentation of new music and dance since the early 1960s. He received an M.A. in music composition from Columbia University in 1960, having studied with Otto Luening. In the 1960s in New York City, he was a co-founder with James Tenney and Philip Corner of the Tone Roads Ensemble and was a participant in the Judson Dance Theater, the New York Festival of the Avant-Garde and the Experimental Intermedia Foundation. Since then, he has toured extensively throughout North America and Europe, with solo concerts as well as with new music and dance ensembles.
Since the mid-1960s he has integrated structured improvisation aspects into his compositions, exploring the rich sound textures of new performance techniques within a variety of instrumental and vocal frameworks. Numerous ensembles such as Essential Music, Relâche, Musical Elements, The New Performance Group of Cornish Institute, L'Art pour l'art, Quatuor Bozzini and Klangforum Wien have performed his music, as well as the Ensemble for New Music/Hessischer Rundfunk, Frankfurt, of which he was the director in the 1990s. His music has been performed at several New Music America festivals, Meet the Moderns/Brooklyn Philharmonic, Pro Musica Nova Bremen, Acustica International/WDR Cologne, Invention '89 Berlin, Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik, De Ijsbreker Amsterdam, Maerz Music Berlin, Cologne Triennale, Sound Culture Tokyo, Neue Horizonte and Ton Art Bern, and Musique Action Nancy.
He has been awarded grants from the National Endowment for the Arts/Inter-Arts (USA), the Massachusetts Council on the Arts, the Canada Council for the Arts, and Conseil des arts et lettres du Québec, as well as numerous commissions from Studio Akustische Kunst/WDR Cologne. In 1994 he received the Prix International award for his acoustic art/radio work "between (two) spaces".
He has written extensively on improvisation as in his book Sounding the Full Circle. His critical edition of Charles Ives's "Second String Quartet", which was commissioned by the Charles Ives Society, was published by Peermusic Classical in 2016.
He now resides in Sheffield, Vermont, USA and Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Discography
The Seasons: Vermont, Experimental Intermedia, 1982
Vision Soundings, Self Released (no label), 1985
Sounding the New Violin, Nonsequitur/What Next, 1991
Goldstein Plays Goldstein, Dacapo, 1993
Live at Fire in the Valley, Eremite Records, 1997
Monsun with Peter Niklas Wilson, True Muze, 1998
John Cage: Music for Violin and Percussion with Matthias Kaul, Wergo, 1999
Christian Wolff: Bread and Roses with Matthias Kaul, Wergo, 2003
The Smell of Light with Matthias Kaul, NurNichtNur, 2004
Hardscrabble Songs, In Situ, 2004
A Sounding of Sources, New World Records, 2008
Along the Way with Liu Fang, 2010
References
Sources
Garland, Peter "Malcolm Goldstein: a sounding of sources". Liner notes to Malcolm Goldstein: a sounding of sources. New World Records, August 2007.
Garland, Peter. Composer entry in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, revised edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
External links
Frog Peak Music to purchase scores
Guide to the Malcolm Goldstein Papers MSS.350 at Fales Library & Special Collections, New York University
Malcolm Goldstein page from The Living Composers Project
Page on Philmultic
Sounding the Full Circle book
1936 births
20th-century classical composers
American emigrants to Canada
American male classical composers
American classical composers
American performance artists
Canadian classical violinists
American male violinists
People from Sheffield, Vermont
Musicians from Brooklyn
Musicians from Montreal
Living people
20th-century Canadian male musicians
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from New York (state)
21st-century classical violinists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
Male classical violinists
20th-century Canadian violinists and fiddlers
21st-century Canadian violinists and fiddlers
Canadian male violinists and fiddlers
20th-century American violinists
21st-century American violinists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm%20Goldstein |
The Vela supernova remnant is a supernova remnant in the southern constellation Vela. Its source Type II supernova exploded approximately 11,000 years ago (and was about 900 light-years away). The association of the Vela supernova remnant with the Vela pulsar, made by astronomers at the University of Sydney in 1968, was direct observational evidence that supernovae form neutron stars.
The Vela supernova remnant includes NGC 2736. The Vela supernova remnant overlaps the Puppis A supernova remnant, which is four times more distant. Both the Puppis and Vela remnants are among the largest and brightest features in the X-ray sky.
The Vela supernova remnant is one of the closest known to us. The Geminga pulsar is closer (and also resulted from a supernova), and in 1998 another near-Earth supernova remnant was discovered, RX J0852.0-4622, which from our point of view appears to be contained in the southeastern part of the Vela remnant. One estimate of its distance puts it only 200 parsecs away (about 650 ly), closer than the Vela remnant, and, surprisingly, it seems to have exploded much more recently, in the last thousand years, because it is still radiating gamma rays from the decay of titanium-44. This remnant was not seen earlier because when viewed in most wavelengths, it is lost in the Vela remnant.
See also
CG 4
List of supernova remnants
List of supernovae
References
External links
Gum Nebula (annotated)
Bill Blair's Vela Supernova Remnant page
Gum Nebula
Supernova remnants
Vela (constellation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vela%20Supernova%20Remnant |
The Special Warfare Group (SWG) is the primary special forces unit of the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) responsible for conducting special operations from sea, air, and land. It is one of six squadrons of the Naval Diving Unit (NDU).
It is also a component of the Special Operations Task Force (SOTF), alongside the Special Operations Force (SOF) of the Singapore Army.
Information about the SWG is designated as classified.
History
Formed in 1989, the group prosecutes special operations and counter-terrorism operations in the maritime domain, with capabilities of being deployed from the sea, air, and land. Due to the sensitive nature of their operations, their size and the identities of their operators are kept classified.
Selection and training
To qualify as an operator of the Special Warfare Group, prospective candidates must be regular servicemen and pass the Combat Diver Course, Special Forces Qualification Course, and Special Warfare Advanced Training.
Operators within the squadron are tasked with conducting maritime special operations including counter-terrorism and direct action. The size of the unit and the details of their missions are kept classified due to their sensitive nature.
Best performing operators are often sent to overseas courses such as the United States Navy's Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL course.
References
Special forces of Singapore | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Warfare%20Group%20%28Singapore%29 |
The Centauro is a family of Italian military vehicles originating from a wheeled tank destroyer for light to medium territorial defense and tactical reconnaissance. It was developed by a consortium of manufacturers, the Società Consortile Iveco Fiat - OTO Melara (CIO). Iveco Fiat was tasked with developing the hull and propulsion systems while Oto Melara was responsible for developing the turrets and weapon systems.
Over the years, the Centauro platform has been developed into multiple variants to fulfill other combat roles, such as infantry fighting vehicle or self-propelled howitzer.
Description
The vehicle was developed in response to an Italian Army requirement for a tank destroyer with the firepower of the old Leopard 1 main battle tank then in service with the Italian Army, but with greater strategic mobility. The main mission of the Centauro is to protect other, lighter, elements of the cavalry, using its good power-to-weight ratio, excellent range and cross country ability (despite the wheeled design) and computerized fire control system to accomplish this mission. Centauro entered production in 1991 and deliveries were complete by 2006.
Armament
The main armament consists of the Oto Melara 105 mm/52 caliber gyro-stabilized high-pressure, low-recoil gun equipped with a thermal sleeve and an integrated fume extractor, with 40 rounds: 14 ready rounds in the turret and another 26 rounds in the hull. The gun can fire standard NATO ammunition, including APFSDS (Armour Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot) rounds.
Secondary weapons are a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun, and another 7.62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun with 4,000 rounds of ammunition.
Aiming is provided by a Galileo Avionica TURMS fire control system (the same as fitted to the Italian Ariete tank), a muzzle referencing system, and a fully digital ballistic computer. The gunner's sight is fully stabilized and includes a thermal imager and laser rangefinder. The commander's station has a panoramic stabilized sight, an image-intensifying night sight, and a monitor displaying the image from the gunner's thermal sight. This allows Centauro, day or night, to engage stationary or moving targets while stationary or on the move.
Armour
The Centauro hull is an all-welded steel armoured hull, which in the baseline configuration is designed to withstand 14.5 mm bullets and shell fragments, with protection against 25 mm munition on the frontal section. The addition of bolt-on appliqué armour increases protection against 30 mm rounds.
The Centauro is also equipped with an CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) warfare protection system, which is integrated with the vehicle's air conditioning system. The vehicle is also equipped with a four-barreled smoke grenade launcher mounted on each side of the turret and a laser warning receiver.
Propulsion
Centauro is powered by an Iveco V6 turbo-charged after-cooled diesel engine delivering 520 hp (382.4 kW). This drives a ZF-designed automatic transmission, which is manufactured under license by Iveco Fiat. The transmission system has five forward and two reverse gears. This drives eight wheels, each equipped with an independent suspension system, run-flat inserts, and a Central Tyre Inflation System (CTIS). Braking is provided by eight disc brakes. Steering is provided on the first and second axles and at slow speed also with the fourth axle. The Centauro achieves road speeds above 100 km/h; it can negotiate gradients up to 60%, ford water up to a depth of 1.5 m without preparation, and turn with a 9 m radius.
Combat history
The Centauro is currently deployed as part of UNIFIL forces in Lebanon.
It was deployed in the former Yugoslavia and Somalia, where the design proved successful. Centauro was usually employed to escort motor convoys, for wide area control, and for road patrols. While on convoy duty at Somalia, a platoon of eight Centauros engaged hostile positions during the battle of checkpoint Pasta, on 2 July 1993.
Centauros were also deployed during operation Antica Babilonia, the Italian involvement in the Iraq War. During this operation, a Centauro troop took part in the battle for the bridges of Nasiriyah on 6 April 2004, destroying a building where snipers were hiding.
In 2003, Spain deployed six 105/52 mm Centauros to Iraq for their troops' self defence.
Variants
Anti-tank
Centauro 105mm
The baseline and original version, also called Centauro Reconnaissance Anti-Tank.
Centauro 120mm
Upgraded Centauro with a low recoil 120 mm L/45 cannon (unrelated to the Rheinmetall L/44 120mm) in a newly designed turret and with new composite armour that can resist rounds up to 40 mm APFSDS on the front and 14.5 mm on the rest of the body. This vehicle was also used as a testbed for various technologies that would be used in the B1 Centauro's successor vehicle, the Centauro II.
Centauro II
In July 2018, the Italian Army signed a €159 million (USD $186 million) contract to acquire 10 Centauro II tank destroyers, the first tranche of a planned 150-vehicle order. The 30-ton Centauro II is based on the Freccia chassis with a two-man turret and a 120 mm gun. Additional improvements include a digital communication system, a 720 hp engine delivering 24 hp/ton, and wheels extending farther out from the hull for greater stability and better protection against mine blasts.
Owing to the combination of its eight-wheeled configuration and revised chassis, the Centauro II can handle the high recoil of a high-velocity 120 mm cannon, while equivalent vehicles with fewer wheels or weaker chassis are often limited to cannons of lower velocity and/or lower calibre. The gun is fitted with an efficient muzzle brake.
Other roles
VBM "Freccia"
The Veicolo Blindato Medio "Freccia" () is a Centauro reconfigured as a wheeled infantry fighting vehicle with multiple variants, such as command & control or mortar carrier, offering increased armour and NBC protection. It can transport up to eight infantrymen plus three crew.
Centauro 155/39LW
This addition to the Centauro range in late 2013 fills the role of self-propelled howitzer, and is able to fire up to 8 rounds/minute to a distance exceeding 60 km for guided ammunition. It mounts an ultralight 155 mm/39 main gun, based on the latest material breakthroughs, and a secondary 7.62 or 12.7 mm MG. The 155/39 is manned by a crew of two and provides full NBC and ballistic protection.
Centauro VBM Recovery
Serves both as an engineer vehicle and for recovery and repair of damaged armoured vehicles on the battlefield.
Draco
The Draco was never completed, and remained as an unfinished prototype. The only functional part of the Draco was the hull itself which was that of a B1 Centauro; the actual weapon system reached the mock-up stage and was not completed. The Draco was to be armed with a revolver-type ammunition-loading system. It was to use all standard 76 mm ammunition, guided DART ammunition, C-RAM and top-attack ammunition, and was to be fully compatible with all in-service 76 mm rounds. The rate of fire was to be 80–100 rounds per minute (depending on the elevation angle), the ammunition revolver containing 12 indexed rounds and being able to shift from one type of ammunition to another.
Operators
Current operators
: 259 B1 Centauro. Total production was 400, with the remaining 141, all from the older versions, exported to Jordan. 106 Centauro II ordered in January 2021.
: 141 B1 Centauro (all ex-Italian Army), some donated as Italian military aid and modernized with upgrade kits.
: 9 B1 Centauro, modified variant with 120 mm gun.
: 84 B1 Centauro, designated VRCC in Spanish service; 4 VCREC recovery vehicles.
Future operators
: 98 Centauro II ordered in November 2022, with eventual local production in Sete Lagoas by Iveco's Brazilian branch, together with the related 6x6 VBTP-MR Guarani. Brazil is also evaluating investment in a total of 221 8×8 armored vehicles up to €2 billion.
Evaluation-only operators
: A 120 mm gun-armed version was tested in 2012, alongside the standard 105 mm-armed version. They were returned to Italy after tests were complete.
: Leased 16 Centauro between 2000 and 2002 for evaluation, and to gain experience for the introduction of the M1128 Mobile Gun System. The vehicles were tested with the 2nd Infantry Division at Fort Lewis over a period of two years, and were subsequently returned to Italy in 2002.
References
External links
Official website
Armour.ws
FAS.org
Globalsecurity.org
Armoured fighting vehicles of Italy
Tank destroyers
Fire support vehicles
OTO Melara
Iveco vehicles
Eight-wheeled vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s
Wheeled armoured fighting vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B1%20Centauro |
PEX is cross-linked polyethylene, a form of polyethylene with cross-links.
PEX or Pex may also refer to:
Science and technology
Peer exchange, a method to gather peers for BitTorrent
PHIGS Extension to X, in programming
Pex (software), a unit testing framework for the .NET programming languages
Pex (company), a digital rights technology company
Physical examination, in medicine
Plasma exchange, a form of plasmapheresis
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, condition related to glaucoma
Parasitic extraction, tool in IC Layout Design, used for extract parasitic elements and see their effects on the circuit
Other
Palestine Exchange, a stock exchange
People Express Airlines (1980s)
PEX, operators of OPEX stock exchange
Pex, a character in the Doctor Who story Paradise Towers
See also
PXE (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEX%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Overview
The Azerbaijan Trade Unions Confederation (ATUC, in Azeri Azərbaycan Həmkarlar İttifaqları Konfederasiyası) a National trade union center of Azerbaijan. It has a membership of 1,338,000 and is led by Sattar S. Mehbaliyev as chairman.The Confederation covers 17,430 trade unions including Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and 26 Area Trade Unions.
Legislation
A law of Azerbaijan "On trade unions" which was adopted on 24 February 1994, defines the rights of trade unions and their members to protect their labor, social, and economic rights and legitimate interests in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention and Recommendation of the International Labor Organization and the European Social Charter. Trade union legislation includes the Constitution of Azerbaijan and other legislative acts relating to the activities of trade unions of Azerbaijan. Trade unions may have local, regional, and national status.
The bodies of ATUC
Congressional Assembly consists of 5 members from every member organization. Executive Committee includes just one member from every member organization. ATUC press body is Ulfet newspaper. The newspaper is member of ITUC since 2000.
ATUC's I Congress was held in 1998, II Congress in 2003, the III Congress in 2008, the IV Congress in 2013.
Member organizations of ATUC
Trade Union Council of the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan was established on December 4, 1921. The Council includes 3 regional and 27 city/district, as well as 3 joint trade union committees.
Trade Union Federation “KEND-GIDA-ISH” - was established in 1906 as Trade Union of Manufacturers of Food Products with 230 members for the first time. In 1986, it was renamed Trade Union of Agrarian Industrial Complex` Workers, in 1991 Azerbaijan Trade Union of Agrarian Industrial Complex` Workers, and “KEND-GIDA-ISH” Trade Union Federation in 2000.
Trade Union Federation"Khidmeti-ISH"- was established on September 29, 2000. The Federation includes 5 republican committees: Trade union committee of trade, public catering and cooperative workers, health centers, tourism, sports, hotels, fishing, grain, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Baku, Ganja and Sumgayit town trade union committees, 5 educational institutions, trade union committees of the National Culinary Center, and 52084 trade union members.
"Metal-Ish" Trade Union Federation- was established in 1996. It incorporates mining, metallurgy, heavy and general mechanical engineering, instrumentation, radio-electronic, automotive and agricultural machinery and other relevant field workers.
Trade Union of Auto Transport and Road facilities Workers –was founded in XX century and has 14 000 members and incorporates 176 primary organizations. The trade union joined ISTU, as well as IFTW.
Trade Union Republican Committee of Municipal Workers- was established on 4 April 2002 in accord with the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic, "Trade Unions" on law of Azerbaijan, legislative acts related to trade union activities to protect labor, social, and economic rights, in parallel lawful interests of the workers of this sector.
Trade Union of "Baku Steel Company" JSC Workers – was established on 6 October 2004. It gained the title LLC Trade Union Workers in 2010. The trade union has 1800 members working at "Baku Steel Company" and "Baku Oxygen Company" OJSC.
Trade Union Republican Committee of the workers of Government Agencies and Public Service unites trade union members working as public servants, as well as civil servants in the field of law enforcement, in banks and service areas. The trade union including 10 united, 75 city/rayon and 1475 primary organizations, has approximately 68 thousand members (25000 women and 13000 young people).
Trade Union Republican Committee of Railway Workers The first railway trade union organization of Azerbaijan Railways was established on 7 October 1905, in the conference of Transcaucasia, Vladikavkaz and Central Asia Railway Workers. After the establishment of the USSR the trade union was a part of the Transcaucasia Railway Trade Union. Once the Independent Azerbaijan Railway was organized on October 13, 1955, trade union of railway workers of Azerbaijan continued its activity independently. In 2001 it was called Independent Trade Union Republican Committee of Railway Workers including of 170 enterprises and organizations. It has about 30 thousand members.
Trade Union of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences was established in October 1992. The trade union with 9877 members includes 45 primary organizations. It joined Azerbaijan Trade Union Confederation in 1998. Once every 5 years a congress of the trade union is held which is organized by the Assembly.
Trade Union Republican Committee of Defense Industry Workers - was established in 1991. It connects the employees of defense industry and related enterprises, the areas of the Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan dealing with similar activities, Institutions of State Special Engineering and Conversion Committee.
Trade Union Republican Committee of Cultural Workers - was founded on December 25, 1992, and joined ATUC in 1993. The trade union with 53.238 members includes 781 trade union organizations.
Trade Union of Metropolitan Workers - was established in 2003 and incorporated into the ATUC. 13 primary trade union committees, 41 workshop trade unions and 89 trade union organizations operate under TUMW. The trade union has 4657 members.
Trade Union Republican Committee of Oil and Gas Industry Workers - was reestablished in 1997. The trade union with 88667 members includes 6 committees on organizational and social-economic issues, collective agreements, labor and health protection, labor disputes, women and gender.
“Azersu” Trade Union of Workers of Water Economy - was established in accord with Azerbaijan's Constitution, and law of Azerbaijan “On Trade Unions” in March 2006 in order to represent and defend the labor rights of its members.
Trade Union of Natural Recourses and Ecology - was founded in 2002. The trade union has 11632 members and it includes 160 branches.
Free Trade Union Republican Committee of Local Industry and Communal Workers - was established in 1920 and joined ATUC in 1993. Approximately 22000 members joined the Trade Union which covers 235 trade union organizations it has.
International Relations of ATUC
ATUC joined International Trade Unions Confederation (ITUC) in 2000 and General Trade Unions Confederation in 2004. The Confederation attends all seminars of ITUC. In parallel it has a representative in Executive Committee of ITUC.
Azerbaijan Trade Unions Confederation cooperates with trade union centers of 70 countries such as NIS countries, Turkey, France, Belgium, England, Germany, Egypt, Japan, Bulgaria, and Chine.
Azerbaijan Trade Unions Confederation cooperates with international organizations such as Turkish Trade Union Confederations", Ukraine Trade Union Federation, Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia, Trade Union Federation of Sverdlovsk, Belarusian Congress of Democratic Trade Unions, Uzbekistan Trade Union Federation, Trade Union Federation of Kazakhstan, National Trade Union Confederation of Moldova, Poland Trade Union Confederation, Confederation of Labor of Bulgaria, Democratic League of Independent Trade Unions, General Labor Confederation of France, Congress of Trade Unions of Great Britain, Germany Trade Unions Confederation, Trade Unions of Egypt, Brazil, Denmark, Switzerland, Portugal, Japanese, Sweden, Finland, Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian, Norwegian, Italy, Romania, Netherlands, Greek General Confederation of Labor.
At the same time ATUC signed an agreement with International organizations and national trade union centers such as Ukraine Trade Union Federation, Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia, Turkish trade union confederations, Trade Union Federation of Sverdlovsk, Georgian Trade Union Confederation, and Trade Union Federation of Kazakhstan.
References
External links
www.icftu.org entry in ITUC address book.
Trade unions in Azerbaijan
International Trade Union Confederation
General Confederation of Trade Unions
National federations of trade unions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan%20Trade%20Unions%20Confederation |
Milus may refer to:
Milus or Miles (bishop of Susa) (d. c. 340)
Milus or Melus of Bari (d. 1020) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milus |
ATUC may refer to:
Azerbaijan Trade Unions Confederation, a national trade union centre in Azerbaijan
African Trade Union Congress, a former Rhodesian and Zimbabwean trade union federation
Aden Trade Union Congress, a former trade union in South Yemen
See also
Atuc, a village in Azerbaijan
Atuk | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATUC |
Croomia is a genus of primitive angiosperm herbs in the Stemonaceae family, first described as a genus in 1840.
Taxonomy
Once included in its own family, Croomiaceae, Croomia has also previously been included in Dioscoreaceae.
Subdivision
About six species.
Croomia heterosepala (Baker) Okuyama - Japan
Croomia hyugaensis Kadota & Mas.Saito - Kyushu
Croomia japonica Miq. - Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chugoku, Kyushu
Croomia kinoshitae Kadota - Shikoku
Croomia pauciflora (Nutt.) Torr. - United States (FL GA AL LA)
Croomia saitoana Kadota - Kyushu
Distribution and habitat
Croomia is native to China, Japan, and the southeastern United States. The plants grow in moist, shady woods. Their small flowers are borne beneath the leaves.
References
Bibliography
External links
C. pauciflora at the Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
C. pauciflora at the USDA Plants Database
Image of C. pauciflora at Torreya State Park
Pandanales genera
Stemonaceae | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croomia |
The Tiwi Islands Football League (founded as the Nguilla Football League in 1968 and renamed in 1990) is an Australian rules football competition in the Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia.
Australian Rules football is the most popular sport on the Tiwi Islands. The Tiwi Islands Grand Final is an event held in March each year that attracts up to 3,000 spectators and is a tourist attraction for the Northern Territory. The Tiwi Australian Football League has 900 participants out of a community of about 2600, the highest football participation rate in Australia (35%). Tiwi footballers are renowned for exquisite one touch skills. Many of the players have a preference for participating barefoot. Many of the male players also play for the St Mary's Football Club in Darwin's Northern Territory Football League.
The Grand Final of the TIFL was broadcast on ABC Northern Territory until 2012.
Clubs
Former clubs
Melville Island Roos Football Club (Kangaroos) (?–2012)
Warankuwu Football Club
Nguiu Football Club
History
Br. John Pye and Br. Andy Howley introduced Australian rules football to Bathurst and Melville islands in 1941.
The locals quickly took to the game and the first dedicated ground was built in 1942.
In 1944, the first games consisting of a full complement of 18 players and matches according to the rule book were played.
By the end of the decade, football was the Tiwi's No.1 sport.
In 1954, the St Mary's Football Club began enlisting Tiwi servicemen, and in the following year with the assistance of a majority of Tiwi players won the NTFL premiership.
Within a couple of decades, the major Australian leagues began to take an interest with the first player offered a contract being Joe Saturninas in 1955.
In the 1960s, the most talented export of the TIFL, ruckman David Kantilla had a successful career first in the NTFL, and then reached its peak when he later became a leading player in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) with South Adelaide Football Club, where he was a member of the 1964 premiership team, and won the best and fairest and leading goal kicking awards at the club. The Tiwi Island league's top goalkicking award was later named after him.
The Nguilla Football League was founded in 1968 with five member clubs.
The 1969/1970 Wet Season saw the first season of the TIFL, with 5 teams competing: Pumarali, Tapalinga, Imalu, Tuyu and Irrimaru.
From 1980 to 1981, Tiwi Islander Maurice Rioli won two Simpson Medals for Western Australian Football League (WAFL) club South Fremantle as best player in WAFL Grand Finals before his recruitment by Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1982, where he won the Norm Smith Medal for the best player in the 1982 VFL Grand Final. Michael Long would later also win a Norm Smith Medal, in 1993. Other Tiwi Islanders in the AFL include Adam Kerinaiua, who played three games for the Brisbane Bears in 1992 and Malcolm Lynch, who played two games for the Western Bulldogs. Although these players were not from the TIFL, the success of these players in the elite Australian competition did much to boost the popularity of Australian Rules amongst the local Tiwi Islanders.
The league was renamed Tiwi Islands Football League in 1990.
In 2006, it was announced that a Tiwi Bombers Football Club would join the Northern Territory Football League initially known as the "Super Tiwis". The team began 2006 season as the "Tiwi Bombers".
Notable players
Many players playing for the Tiwi Islands Football League have also played for St Mary's Football club, as well as the AFL. Some of these players include the Rioli family.
See also
AFL Northern Territory
Northern Territory Football League
Australian rules football in the Northern Territory
References
External links
Australian rules football competitions in the Northern Territory
Tiwi Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwi%20Islands%20Football%20League |
Archibald Jerard Weaver (April 15, 1843 – April 18, 1887) was an American lawyer, jurist, and Republican Party politician, serving three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1883 to 1889.
He is best known for being the father of Governor of Nebraska Arthur J. Weaver and grandfather of Nebraska politicians Arthur J. Weaver Jr. and Phillip Hart Weaver.
Early life and education
He was born in Dundaff, Pennsylvania, on April 15, 1843, and graduated from Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pennsylvania. He became a faculty member of the school from 1864 to 1867. In 1869, he graduated from Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bar in Boston, Massachusetts. He moved to Falls City, Nebraska, in 1869 to practice law.
Career
He attended the State constitutional conventions in 1871 and 1875 and became the district attorney for the first district of Nebraska in 1872. In 1875 and 1879 he was elected judge of the first judicial district of Nebraska.
Congress
He resigned as judge in 1883 having been elected as a Republican to the Forty-eighth United States Congress. He was then reelected to the Forty-ninth United States Congress, but did not run for reelection in 1886.
He ran unsuccessfully in 1887 for the United States Senate, lost and resumed his practice of law.
Death and burial
He died in Falls City on April 18, 1887, and is buried in Steele Cemetery in Falls City.
References
1843 births
1887 deaths
Harvard Law School alumni
Nebraska state court judges
People from Falls City, Nebraska
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald%20J.%20Weaver |
Ridgewood Preparatory School was a university-preparatory school located in Metairie, an unincorporated community in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. It included grades PreK-12.
Ridgewood was approved by the State Department of Education and accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Ridgewood's diverse student body came from six parishes as well as from countries around the world. In 2007, fifteen percent of students were foreign citizens coming from nations as far-ranging as Argentina, Nigeria, Norway, Japan, Vietnam and Egypt. The school was organized as a primary, middle, and high school. The academic year consisted of two semesters, each divided into three six-week grading periods. The school was operated as a non-profit corporation aided by an advisory board.
The school closed in January, 2023 due to “persistent low enrollment” and financial issues.
History
Ridgewood Preparatory School was founded in 1948 by Ottis O. Stuckey as a college preparatory school for boys in grades kindergarten through twelve. The original address was 201 Northline in Old Metairie. The school became co-educational in 1952.
The campus was moved in 1972 to the present address at 201 Pasadena Avenue in Metairie, Louisiana. M.J. Montgomery Jr. was the last headmaster.
Hurricane Katrina
Ridgewood is part of the Greater New Orleans Metro area, and thus felt some effects of Hurricane Katrina, but the school did not flood. It was one of the first schools in the New Orleans Metro Area to re-open following the storm, opening on September 26, 2005.
Athletics
Ridgewood competed as a member of the Louisiana High School Athletic Association (LHSAA).
Students competed in football, baseball, softball, basketball, track, tennis, volleyball, and soccer. The Ridgewood extracurricular sports program began in middle school, with a soccer program available for children in grades 5-8. Junior varsity participation in volleyball, basketball, softball, and baseball usually beginning at the eighth grade level. Students were not restricted from joining one sport by participation in another sport, other than by seasonal and scheduling constraints. Ridgewood followed the LHSAA guidelines regarding student academic requirements for participation: a student must have a minimum GPA of 1.5 and passing grades in 5 out of 6 subjects.
State Championships
Baseball
(1) 1975
Football
(1) 1964
Softball
(3) 1988, 1990, 2004
Controversies
Barring of a student with disabilities
On July 30, 2020, The Justice Department reached a settlement agreement with Ridgewood. Ridgewood Preparatory School violated the Americans with Disabilities Act by denying a child with spina bifida admission to its pre-kindergarten and kindergarten class because of his disability and it failed to change its policies, practices, and procedures to enable the child to access the school’s programs, it also failed to ensure that its buildings and facilities are accessible to people with disabilities. The Department of Justice investigated and found that the school, among lots of other things, had inaccessible doors, walkways, and bathrooms. Under the agreement, Ridgewood had to offer the child two years of tuition- free enrollment and, upon enrollment, provide him with reasonable modifications.
Unsafe school tires
A FOX 8 investigation revealed that there are three tires on a school bus that are almost 15 years old. The bus takes students on field trips and the football team to games. The Tire Safety Group says that schools should remove all front bus tires
after six years but under no scenario should a tire be on a bus longer than 10. The headmaster, M.J. Montgomery, Jr, wouldn't speak to FOX 8 on camera. He invited them into his office but said that their entire discussion was off the record. The only thing that they were allowed to say is that he has no comment on the issue.
Closure
Late on 9 January 2023, the school announced it would be closing in 2 days as of the afternoon of 11 January. Many parents and students were startled by the short notice.
References
External links
Ridgewood Prep website
RPS Alumni website
Private K-12 schools in Louisiana
Schools in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Preparatory schools in Louisiana
Educational institutions established in 1948
1948 establishments in Louisiana
Educational institutions disestablished in 2023
2023 disestablishments in Louisiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridgewood%20Preparatory%20School |
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