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Warsaw Airport may refer to the following airports in Poland: Warsaw Chopin Airport (IATA: WAW, ICAO: EPWA), Poland's busiest airport, previously known as Warsaw-Okecie Airport Warsaw Modlin Airport (IATA: WMI, ICAO: EPMO), Warsaw's secondary airport, intended to be used by low-cost carriers Warsaw Radom Airport (IATA: RDO, ICAO: EPRA), located in Radom, located 100km south of Warsaw, with minimal usage Warsaw Babice Airport (ICAO: EPBC), also known as Bemowo, for civil, sports, and Interior Ministry use See also Warsaw Municipal Airport (disambiguation) for airports in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw%20Airport
Al-Ṭufayl ibn ʿAmr al-Dawsī (Arabic: الطفيل بن عمرو الدوسي) (died 633) was the chief of the Banu Daws tribe from Tihama in pre-Islamic times. Career He accepted Islam around four years before the hijra in 622 CE and helped spread Islam among his fellow tribesmen. During the Ridda wars, he led a contingent of his people against the impostor Mosailima. In the Battle of Yamama, Tufayl ibn Amr fell as a martyr. It is narrated in the books of hadiths that when he traveled to Makkah for HAJJ, as usual, he was warned by Makkans not to approach or listen to Mohammad. They told him Mohammad is a magician. Tufail was so worried that he put cotton wools in his ears in order to avoid hearing Mohammad Tufail was doing tawaf when he saw Mohammad reciting a part of Quran. Tufail was curious and thought that he is the head of his tribe, a smart man and therefore how a magician will take over him so he removed the cotton wools and came close to Mohammad and listened to the Quran. References Companions of the Prophet 633 deaths Medieval Arabs killed in battle Year of birth unknown	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufayl%20ibn%20Amr
Saint Sanctain or Sanctan was a 6th-century Manx bishop, who originally came from Northern Britain. Sanctan was the son of Sawyl Penuchel, a king in Northern Britain. He is said to have been a brother of Saint Patrick, though this is chronologically impossible. He was an active missionary in Cumbria, before becoming Bishop of the unidentified Cell da les (or 'church of the two forts'). This may be Kill-na-Sanctan near Dublin or on the Isle of Man, where the civil parish of Santon is named after him. His feast day is on 20 May. References A Manx Notebook: Parish of Kirk Santan A Manx Notebook: Stained glass window from St John's church Omnium Sanctorum Hiberniae 2012-2015 6th-century Christian saints Manx saints Northern Brythonic saints Medieval Irish saints Manx religious leaders Christian missionaries in England Manx Christian missionaries Christian missionaries in the Isle of Man	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Sanctan
The Sand River Convention () of 17 January 1852 was a convention whereby the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland formally recognised the independence of the Boers north of the Vaal River. Background The convention was signed on 17 January 1852, by Commandant-General Andries Pretorius and others, on behalf of the new country, and Major William Samuel Hogge and Charles Mostyn Owen, clerk to the Civil Commissioner of Winburg, duly authorised to, and on behalf of, the British government. The treaty was signed on the farm called Sand River belonging to P. A. Venter, near Ventersburg. Provisions The treaty contained the following provisions: The British government guarantees and grants the emigrant farmers across the Vaal river the right to govern themselves, according to their own laws free from any and all British interference and that the British Government wishes to promote peace, free trade and friendly intercourse with the new country Britain disclaims any and all alliances with coloured nations to the North of the Vaal river No slavery be practised in the country to the North of the Vaal river Ammunition and arms crossing over the border from the South of the Vaal river shall require a certificate from a British Magistrate, and that no arms or munitions be supplied to the natives by either the British or by the people of the new country Criminals will be exchanged between the British and the new country and that summonses for witnesses from both sides of the river be backed up by the magistrates at both sides of the river It is agreed that certificates of marriages will be recognised on both sides of the river It is agreed that any and all people now residing in British land but being in possession of land in the new country shall have the free right to sell the property and to move freely over the Vaal river. Claims of contraventions South African Republic authorities claimed the British contravened the treaty in 1853, with a British citizen, the missionary David Livingstone, supplying, storing, and making repairs to materials of war for the native tribes. Commandant Scholtz and his men confiscated a large number of rifles and amounts of ammunition and equipment from Livingstone's home. The British in turn claimed that the Boers were keeping slaves under the Inboekstelsel system. The Boers responded that the acts of a few criminals and criminal gangs cannot be claimed to be that of an entire nation. First Boer War One of the causes of the First Boer War was the direct breach by the British of this convention on 12 April 1877. Britain issued a proclamation called: "Annexation of the S.A. Republic to the British Empire," and proceeded to occupy Pretoria. Although the British did not attempt to dismantle the country, and self-rule was decreed in the proclamation, the annexation was not accepted by the South African Republic, and a delegation was sent to Europe and the United States to protest this action. References Footnotes Bibliography 1850s in the South African Republic 1852 establishments in Africa 1852 in South Africa 1852 treaties South Africa–United Kingdom relations Treaties of the South African Republic Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%20River%20Convention
The Internet Service Providers Association of New Zealand (ISPANZ) is an organisation formed by Internet service providers (ISPs) in New Zealand. Its members include most New Zealand ISPs with the exceptions of Spark, Telstra and Vodafone. Its objectives are: To promote and facilitate the effective functioning of the Internet in NZ as an open system. To promote wide connectivity and diverse styles of delivery for the Internet. To promote a fully competitive market place for Internet services. To inform concerning the possibilities for advancement of Internet services in NZ, and contribute to the wide understanding of the techniques and economics used in providing telecommunications infrastructure for the Internet. To encourage diversity, innovation, cooperation and independence for Internet Service Providers, resellers and Internet users in NZ. Board ISPANZ is led by a board of directors. As of December 2021, the board consists of: Mark Frater - Director, President Shaun Fisher - Director, Vice-President Mike Stevenson - Director, Secretary Steve Ritchie - Director, Treasurer Seeby Woodhouse - Director Bruce Trevarthen - Director David Haynes - CEO Members The current members as of December 2021 are below. A current member list is maintained on the ISPANZ website. Actrix Networks Limited Enhanced Solutions Compass Communications Ltd DTS ICONZ InSPire Net Limited Rexnetworks Netspace NZRS New Zealand Technology Group Primo TrustPower Velocity Woosh Gravity Internet Ltd Kordia Media tribe Ufone Vetta Online Velocity Internet Vital Voyager Internet Wheronet Wizwireless Prodigi Technology Services Ltd Ezyconnecy Rural Broadband See also Broadband Internet access (New Zealand) References External links Internet service providers of New Zealand	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISPANZ
Huxley Pig is a British stop motion animated children's television series based on a series of picture books authored by Rodney Peppé. The series was produced by FilmFair for Central TV, with narration by Martin Jarvis. 26 episodes aired from 1989 through 1990. General theme The main character, Huxley Pig, was always dreaming of adventure, exciting professions and encounters. At the start of each episode Huxley would be in his bedroom talking to Sam the squawking seagull and wondering about something. He would open his big suitcase of dress-up clothes, try something on and say, "Hmmm, I wonder". The picture would fade and be taken away into his daydreams for the rest of the story. In the dream, Sam the Seagull would be able to speak, in a Cockney accent, and there were many other varied characters such as: Vile Vincent, the vampire pig-butler Horace, a hamster and something of a con artist Cuddles, a fanged green beast Sidney, a snake with a lisp The Ringmaster, the ringmaster pig who runs the Circus Ethel, Gloria and Myrtle, The 3 Girls Lady Agatha Porker, The Lady who lives at the Hall The Zoo Keeper, the zoo keeper pig who only appeared in Huxley Pig at the restaurant The adventures took Huxley and the gang to many places, as long as there was food nearby. Food was close to Huxley's heart. Upon the conclusion of the daydream, Huxley would return to reality and find a memento from the story had mysteriously returned with him. Episodes Series overview Series 1 (1989) Series 2 (1990) Home releases So far, two DVDs of the series have been released in Region 2. Huxley Pig at the Circus Contains the following episodes: The Circus Haunted House Desert Island The Beach The Clown Something's Cooking Contains the following episodes: Something Cooking, Huxley Pig Huxley Pig and the Sea Monster Huxley Pig Goes Flying Huxley Pig Goes Camping Huxley Pig and the Abominable Snowpig UK VHS releases Since their broadcast on ITV in 1989, episodes of the first series were released on three videos by Tempo Video except for "Huxley Pig Goes Camping" that went as part of the Video Treats for Toddlers compilation tape released by Collins Video in 1990 along with Babar, The Adventures of Parsley and The Care Bears. On 11 February 1991. Tempo Kids Club (distributed by Abbey Home Entertainment) released a single video with two episodes from Series 1 of Huxley Pig which were "Huxley Pig Goes Camping" and "Huxley Pig and the Sea Monster" (Cat. No. 9).NOTE: An extended version of this video was released with an extra episode which is "Huxley Pig the Hairdresser" from Season 2 of Huxley Pig which was broadcast on ITV in 1990. In about July 1991, Tempo Pre-School (distributed by Abbey Home Entertainment) released a bumper video with four episodes from the second series of Huxley Pig which were previously broadcast on ITV in 1990 along with two previously released episodes from the first Huxley Pig series In Autumn 1991, a single Huxley Pig video was released and exclusively sold and distributed under license from Abbey Home Entertainment by Entertainment UK Ltd (in its "Starvision" and "Funhouse" range of children's videos) with three single episodes (one debuted episode from Season 2 which is "Huxley Pig Goes Fishing", one previously released episode from Season 2 which is "Huxley Pig In Space" and one previously released episode from Season 1 which is "Huxley Pig at the Restaurant"). Production staff Director of Animation Martin Pullen Producer Jo Pullen Executive Producers Barrie Edwards, David Yates, Lewis Rudd Music Herbert Chappell Animators John Gilluley Camera Assistant Paul Street Model Makers Alan Murphy Costumes Lizzie Agnew, Mark Hall, Brian Cosgrove Puppet Makers Justin Exley, Pauline London Production Manager Kath Swain Editors Andi Sloss, Robert Dunbar Assistant Editor Jackie Cockie Voices Martin Jarvis Music Finnish Songs in the Finnish dub were sung by the actors of YLE Import re-using the De Angelis's music but with new Finnish lyrics. In the Finnish dub some scenes are cut, which includes musical numbers in some episodes. Spinoffs A computer game was released by Alternative Software in 1990 for the Commodore 64 and Amstrad CPC and in 1991 for the ZX Spectrum. References External links 1980s British children's television series 1990s British children's television series 1980s preschool education television series 1990s preschool education television series Animated preschool education television series British preschool education television series 1989 British television series debuts 1990 British television series endings British children's animated adventure television series English-language television shows Animated television series about pigs ITV children's television shows Nick Jr. original programming British stop-motion animated television series Television series by FilmFair Television series by DHX Media British television shows based on children's books Television series by ITV Studios Television shows produced by Central Independent Television 1980s British animated television series 1990s British animated television series Fictional pigs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huxley%20Pig
Untamed is a 1929 American pre-Code Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer romantic-drama film directed by Jack Conway and starring Joan Crawford, Robert Montgomery, Ernest Torrence, Holmes Herbert, Gwen Lee, and Lloyd Ingraham. The script was adapted by Sylvia Thalberg and Frank Butler, with dialogue by Willard Mack, from a story by Charles E. Scoggins. Made during MGM's transition from silent to sound movies, Untamed was Crawford's first non-musical talkie. It was the first role as a leading man for Montgomery, who made several silents before this film. Plot An oil prospector, Henry "Hank" Dowling (Lloyd Ingraham), has raised his free-spirited daughter, Alice "Bingo" Dowling (Joan Crawford), in the jungle of South America. He asks his friend, Ben Murchison (Ernest Torrence), to come work with him on oil wells that have made him rich. Just as Ben arrives with his friend, Howard Presley (Holmes Herbert), Hank is killed by a transient oil worker who has designs on Bingo. At a relatively young age, Bingo has now inherited her father's company and wealth and Ben is appointed her guardian. She calls him and Howard both uncles, but they are not related. She is sassy and without refinement, hitting anyone she disagrees with. Her "uncles" decide that the wild Bingo should move to New York City, learn proper deportment and enter society. While they are aboard the ocean liner, she meets the young, good-looking and well-educated charmer Andy McAllister (Robert Montgomery). It is love at first sight for Bingo and Andy while on the boat, but because Andy lacks money to care for Bingo, Ben convinces the two to part in New York and see if they still miss each other after a few months. Life goes on in New York, but roughly a year later, the two reunite and declare that their feelings for each other have not departed. The two begin seeing each other again. Still, because she is very wealthy and he is not, he is afraid of what people might think and tells her that he cannot marry her and live off her money. To complicate the situation further, Bingo's Uncle Ben discourages the relationship and "Uncle" Howard actually has feelings for Bingo himself. As Bingo is about to declare their intention to marry, Ben even offers Andy $20,000 to start a new life, knowing full-well that would cause him to leave Bingo. When Andy turns to second-string Marjory (Gwen Lee), an irate Bingo loses her temper and shoots him in the shoulder. They make up immediately after the shooting and forgive each other. Changing his mind about leaving her, Andy decides that Bingo is the woman for him and wants to marry her. Ben offers him a job in the oil wells making a substantial salary, and the two intend to live together now. Cast Reception While Untamed was a box-office success and continued Joan Crawford's rise as a fan favorite, the critical reviews were mixed. The New York Times critic Mordaunt Hall wrote "this pictorial effusion never really appears to get outside the wall of a Hollywood studio. It does wander, however, from anything real, and the trite dialogue and vacillating natures of some of the persons involved make one shudder to think to what queer lengths producers can go with their relatively new vocalized toy." He commented on the vocal talents of Crawford—her first talkie—by saying, "Miss Crawford has a good voice, but she never strikes one as a girl who has been away from civilization for most of her life. There are moments when the fault is with Miss Crawford, and then there are instances where one is impelled to sympathize with her because of her lines." Another critic, from the Brooklyn Eagle, also commented on Crawford's voice with: "If Untamed does little else for Miss Crawford, it proves that she is an actress for whom the microphones should hold no fear. Her diction is clear and unaffected and while there is nothing in the lines that offers her opportunity for exceptional acting, she managed to make the impulsive heroine of the story somewhat more credible than the part deserves." Author Scott Eyman wrote "While her acting was shaky, it was better than her singing and dancing...Were it not for Crawford's boundless energy, flashing sensuality, and popularity with the shopgirl audience, Thalberg might have given her up as a bad job." Box office According to MGM records, the film earned $714,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $260,000 in other markets, resulting in a profit of $508,000. Music In the opening scene of Untamed, Crawford dances as she sings the theme song "Chant of the Jungle." The song, written by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed, became a hit in 1929. She and Montgomery also sing the Louis Alter and Arthur Freed tune "That Wonderful Something Is Love" later in the film. Original music for Untamed was composed by Louis Alter, Nacio Herb Brown, and William Axt. Lyrics were written by Arthur Freed and Joe Goodwin. See also List of early sound feature films (1926–1929) References External links Untamed Photo Gallery 1929 films 1920s romantic comedy-drama films American romantic comedy-drama films American black-and-white films 1920s English-language films Films directed by Jack Conway Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films 1929 comedy films 1929 drama films 1920s American films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untamed%20%281929%20film%29
John, Margrave of Brandenburg may refer to: John II, Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499), Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1406–1464), Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, nicknamed 'The Alchemist'	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%2C%20Margrave%20of%20Brandenburg
Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo (born 4 November 1962) is a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He has served as the DRC's Vice Prime Minister and defence minister since 2023. He was previously one of four vice-presidents in the transitional government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 17 July 2003 to December 2006. He led the Movement for the Liberation of the Congo (MLC), a rebel group turned political party. He received the second-highest number of votes in the 2006 presidential election. In January 2007, he was elected to the Senate. In 2008, during a trip to Europe, Bemba was arrested on International Criminal Court (ICC) charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes. He spent the following 10 years in prison at The Hague, The Netherlands; 8 years awaiting trial and verdict, then 2 more years after conviction in 2016. In 2018, the verdicts were overturned on appeal. The court ruled that because the Rome Statute which sets the court's rules do not limit the amount of time a person can spend in prison awaiting trial, Bemba was not entitled to compensation. It called on member states to review urgently the relevant provisions in the statute No such review has yet taken place. In 2018, Bemba returned to the DRC where he has since been active in national politics. Background Bemba was born in Bokada, Nord-Ubangi. His father, Jeannot Bemba Saolona, was a businessman who was successful under Zairian President Mobutu Sese Seko, and one of his sisters is married to Mobutu's son Nzanga, who was also a candidate in the 2006 presidential election. Bemba attended boarding school in Brussels and later studied economics at the ICHEC Brussels Management School. MLC in Équateur The MLC movement started in the Orientale Province of the DRC in 1998 at the beginning of the Second Congo War. Said Bemba of its founding: "I had identified the possibility of launching an armed movement. So I went looking for serious partners. There were two countries in the region that were interested but I chose to present my dossier to the Ugandans. They liked it and so I went in." Over time, the movement spread into the Équateur province, and established a permanent base in Gbadolite. Like many of the rebel groups at the time, the MLC's goal was to take the capital of Kinshasa. This region had been decimated by war and the population was living in great poverty. Équateur was under an embargo: healthcare programs, education, and any kind of social assistance had been abandoned. The population was under constant threat of bombing by government forces, and had stopped producing goods or food. The popularity of Bemba and the MLC was such that over a thousand child soldiers joined up with MLC. When the MLC troops arrived in Gbadolite, they secured the area and protected the population. Health centres and hospitals re-opened with the MLC securing safe passage for medicine and other supplies. The MLC worked with NGOs and the UN to reopen schools, restart agriculture, economic activity and exportation of goods. The population was able to sell coffee, corn and soya and build businesses. Involvement in the Central African Republic In 2002, President Ange-Félix Patassé of the Central African Republic invited the MLC to come to his country and put down a coup attempt. Human rights activists accused MLC fighters of committing atrocities against civilians in the course of this conflict. Vice president In 2003, Bemba became vice-president under a peace deal. 2006 Presidential election Bemba was one of 33 candidates who ran in the Congolese presidential election on 30 July, 2006. His main campaign slogan — "One Hundred Percent Congolese" — was widely perceived as an attack on front-runner President Joseph Kabila. Bemba received substantial support in the western, Lingala-speaking portion of the country, including the capital, Kinshasa. Following the vote there was significant tension as to whether Kabila would win a majority of the vote, avoiding a runoff against Bemba, who was perceived as Kabila's main opponent. However, results announced on 20 August gave Kabila 44% of the vote and Bemba 20%, On 21 August 2006, while accompanied by 14 ambassadors of CIAT members (International Committee in charge of the Transition), including ambassadors from the United States of America, The UK, France (Bernard Prévost) and Belgium (Johan Swinnen), and from MONUC, US diplomat William L. Swing, Bemba survived an assassination attempt by the Presidential Guard bombing his residence in Gombe. The ambassadors were forced to seek refuge in a cellar. Kabila and Bemba faced each other in a second round, held on 29 October. The electoral commission announced the official results on 15 November, naming Kabila the winner with 58.05% of the vote; Bemba's supporters alleged fraud. On 27 November 2006, the Supreme Court of the DRC rejected the fraud charges brought by Bemba, and confirmed Kabila as the new elected Congolese President. A day later, Bemba said that he disagreed with the court's decision, but that "in the greater national interest and to preserve peace and to save the country from chaos and violence", he would participate in the system by leading the political opposition. He did not attend Kabila's swearing-in ceremony on 6 December. On 8 December, the MLC announced that Bemba would run for a Senate seat from Kinshasa in the January 2007 senatorial election, and he succeeded in winning a seat. March 2007 violence A further attempt on Bemba's life in March 2007 led to an outbreak of fighting near Bemba's residence. A number of soldiers and civilians were reported killed. Bemba called for a ceasefire and negotiations and took refuge in the South African embassy. As fighting continued on 23 March, it was announced that a warrant for Bemba's arrest had been issued, accusing him of high treason. Although Bemba enjoyed immunity as a senator, the country's chief prosecutor said that he would ask parliament to remove it. On 26 March, Kabila said that security could not be guaranteed through negotiation and referred to the importance of restoring order. Bemba warned of a potential for dictatorship and foreshadowed his retreat into exile, citing security concerns. Late in the month it was reported that Bemba planned to travel to Portugal for treatment of a broken leg; he had already received treatment for his leg there in previous months. The Portuguese ambassador subsequently said on 30 March that Bemba was expected to go to Portugal for treatment, but was not going into exile there. On 9 April, the Senate approved the trip, for a period of 60 days. On 11 April, Bemba left the South African embassy and was taken to the airport by U.N. MONUC forces, then flown out of the country to Portugal, along with his wife and children. On 12 April, the attorney general, Tshimanga Mukeba, said that he had asked the Senate to remove Bemba's immunity. Following the outbreak of violence in March, Bemba's party, the MLC, said that it was being targeted by the government through arrests and intimidation, and that its headquarters was occupied by government forces. On 13 April, the party suspended its participation in the National Assembly due to this intimidation and insecurity. In the first half of June, it was reported that, despite the expiration of the 60 days prescribed by the Senate, Bemba would not return to the DRC due to safety concerns. According to MLC executive secretary , Bemba was medically able to return and take part in politics again, and Luhaka called for a political solution to facilitate his return. Without Senate permission to be absent, he would automatically lose his seat if absent from over a quarter of Senate sessions, unless the absences were justified. On 15 June, the Senate extended Bemba's permitted absence until 31 July, following a request from Bemba in a 12 June letter in asking for more time. In this letter he expressed a readiness to return and take part in politics, but also expressed concerns about his safety. On 13 July, Bemba met with Louis Michel, the European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid. According to Michel, Bemba "intends to give the presidential majority the benefit of the doubt" and would not do or say anything "that could be taken as an attempt at destabilisation". He did not return by the deadline on 31 July, with a spokesman citing continued security concerns; the Senate was then in recess until 15 September, and Senate President Kengo wa Dondo said that Bemba would not be penalized for being away during this period because the Senate was not in session. In a statement published on 1 August, Bemba said that he wanted to return before 15 September. It was announced on 7 September that Bemba had met with National Assembly President Vital Kamerhe in Portugal to discuss his potential return. In November 2007, he visited Belgium and met with Belgian Foreign Minister Karel De Gucht on 5 November. In a March 2008 interview, Bemba said that he was in "forced exile" and that it seemed the government was moving towards a dictatorship. Arrest and trial On 24 May 2008, Bemba was arrested near Brussels. He was handed over to the ICC on 3 July, 2008 and transferred to its detention centre in the Hague. He was the only person arrested in connection with the ICC's investigation in the Central African Republic. The Supreme Court of the Central African Republic found no basis to pursue cases against Bemba and former CAR President Ange-Félix Patassé. The trial of Bemba began on 22 November 2010 and lasted four years. The prosecutor was Fatou Bensouda. Two more years passed before the verdict was given. On 21 March 2016, he was convicted on two counts of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes. This marked the first time the International Criminal Court (ICC) convicted someone of sexual violence. The trial evaluated a theory of criminal responsibility related to whether a remote commander who failed to prevent or punish crimes was liable for crimes against humanity and war crimes. On 21 June 2016, the ICC sentenced Bemba to 18 years in prison for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by his Congolese Liberation Movement (MLC). In March 2017 he was sentenced to an extra year in prison and fined 300,000 euros ($324,000) by the ICC for interfering with witnesses in his trial. On 28 September 2016, Bemba served the ICC appeals chamber with an appeal against his 18-year conviction citing numerous procedural and legal errors in the judgment, and alleging a mistrial. The appeal centered on whether Bemba had a fair trial, with concerns about the need for greater specificity in criminal charges. The conviction was overturned on 8 June, 2018 by Judge Christine Van den Wyngaert. She said he cannot be held responsible for the actions of his men, and that the lower court "ignored significant testimonial evidence that Bemba's ability to investigate and punish crimes in the CAR was limited". The court ruled that because the Rome Statute which sets the court's rules do not limit the amount of time a person can spend in prison awaiting trial, Bemba was not entitled to compensation. It called on member states to review urgently the relevant provisions in the statute No such review has yet taken place. On 4 May 2017 Bemba had also filed an appeal against his conviction for interfering with witnesses, alleging factual and legal errors on the part of the trial chamber and illegal investigative activity by the ICC Office of the Prosecutor. 2018 to present On 1 August 2018, Bemba returned to the DRC after 11 years of exile and imprisonment. He attempted to run for President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the 2018 election, and was considered by some to be the strongest opposition candidate. He was barred from running after a review conducted by the country's Independent National Electoral Commission. He joined other opposition leaders to support candidate Martin Fayulu, who went on win the election by a wide margin according to many sources, but to lose, according to the official election commission, to Félix Tshisekedi. As of 2023, Bemba was active in national DRC politics. On 23 March 2023 Tshisekedi named Bemba Minister of Defence in a cabinet reshuffle. Notes and references Further reading O’Sullivan, Carmel (2022). "New court, same division: The Bemba case as an illustration of the continued confusion regarding the command responsibility doctrine". Leiden Journal of International Law. External links ICC Website for Jean-Pierre Bemba Al Jazeera interview with Bemba, 3 August 2007. 1962 births Living people People from Nord-Ubangi Vice-presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Movement for the Liberation of the Congo politicians 21st-century criminals Candidates for President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo People extradited from Belgium Democratic Republic of the Congo people imprisoned abroad People convicted by the International Criminal Court Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians convicted of crimes Heads of government who were later imprisoned People acquitted by the International Criminal Court 21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people Defence ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre%20Bemba
HighSpeed TCP (HSTCP) is a congestion control algorithm protocol defined in RFC 3649 for Transport Control Protocol (TCP). Standard TCP performs poorly in networks with a large bandwidth-delay product. It is unable to fully utilize available bandwidth. HSTCP makes minor modifications to standard TCP's congestion control mechanism to overcome this limitation. Algorithm When an ACK is received (in congestion avoidance), the window is increased by and when a loss is detected through triple duplicate acknowledgments, the window equals , where w is the current window size. When the congestion window is small, HSTCP behaves exactly like standard TCP so a(w) is 1 and b(w) is 0.5. When TCP's congestion window is beyond a certain threshold, a(w) and b(w) become functions of the current window size. In this region, as the congestion window increases, the value of a(w) increases and the value of b(w) decreases. This means that HSTCP's window will grow faster than standard TCP and also recover from losses more quickly. This behavior allows HSTCP to be friendly to standard TCP flows in normal networks and also to quickly utilize available bandwidth in networks with large bandwidth delay products. HSTCP has the same slow start/timeout behavior as standard TCP. Since only the congestion control mechanism is modified, HSTCP can be used with other TCP options like SACK. In real implementations, determining the increase and decrease parameters given a current window size is implemented as a lookup table. See also TCP congestion avoidance algorithm Transmission Control Protocol#Development of TCP References External links HSTCP Home Page. TCP congestion control	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSTCP
Azarias Ruberwa Manywa (born August 20, 1964) is a Congolese politician, lawyer, and public figure. During the Second Congo War he was Secretary-General of the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (RCD-G) rebel group. Following the war he was one of the vice-presidents in the transitional government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 2003-2006. He has also been the leader and president of RCD-G's political party since 2003. He is a member of the Banyamulenge community of South Kivu who belong to the Tutsi ethnic group. Early life and education Ruberwa was born on August 20, 1964, in the village of Rugezi, located in the highland region of the Fizi territory in the South Kivu province. He belongs to the Banyamulenge community who are a part of the Tutsi ethnic group. Tutsis in the Congo makeup a very small minority. Ruberwa spent his early years in Minembwe, South Kivu before moving on to the Katanga Province to finish high school and college. He attended the University of Lubumbashi where he received his LLB (degree in Law), specializing in economics and social law and finishing with highest distinction. After graduation, he passed the Zaire national bar exam and became licensed to practice in August 1990. After three years of working for a law firm in Lubumbashi, Ruberwa opened his own law firm known as “Cabinet Azarias Ruberwa Manywa” in 1993. He practiced law in Lubumbashi until the war began in 1996. Congo Civil Wars (1996-2003) After the First Congo War began, Tutsis in the Congo were being persecuted. Ruberwa and his family were forced to flee the country because they were Tutsis. However, in early 1997, Ruberwa decided to join the AFDL rebel group as a political analyst and speech writer in order to help the group win the war against longtime dictator Mobutu Sese Seko. Ruberwa is credited with writing Laurent-Désiré Kabila's victory speech after the fall of Lubumbashi, often described as the turning point of the war, as well as writing Kabila's inaugural speech. Once the war ended, Ruberwa was appointed Chief of Staff to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bizima Karaha. Among other things, he led a delegation to Rome during his tenure to represent the Democratic Republic of Congo in the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Rome-which was responsible for creating the International Criminal Court. The Second Congo War began on August 2, 1998. Ruberwa, along with several other Congolese politicians left the government to create the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD), a Rwandan-backed movement based in Goma which went on to amass between 30,000 and 40,000 troops and control about 50 percent of the country. Ruberwa first served as Chief of Cabinet for the RCD's Department of Exterior Relations. He later became a member of the Executive Committee and the Deputy Head (Chief of Adjunct) of the Department of Exterior Relations. Ruberwa was eventually appointed RCD Secretary General in October 2000, which effectively made him the de facto political leader of the organization. In this capacity, Ruberwa took on the chief negotiator role for the movement at both the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement in Zambia and the Sun City Accords in Pretoria, South Africa. Ruberwa did not become president of the RCD movement until after the transitional government began in July 2003. Vice President of the DRC (2003-2006) Under the Sun City Peace Deal, a power-sharing transitional government was formed and Ruberwa was named Vice President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, along with Jean-Pierre Bemba, Arthur Z'ahidi Ngoma, and Abdoulaye Yerodia Ndombasi. Vice President Ruberwa was given executive control of political affairs, defense, and security. Under this title, he was given a broad range of responsibilities such as being in charge of the process to draft the country's newest constitution, helping to create a unified national army, and helping to organize the first legitimate elections in the country since the independence of Congo from Belgium in 1960. More or less, he successfully accomplished each of the three against many obstacles. Gatumba Massacre One of the most difficult decisions Vice President Ruberwa had to make came on the night of August 13, 2004. Having just come back to Congo that day from visiting a refugee camp full of mostly Congolese Tutsi refugees in Gatumba, Burundi, Ruberwa learned of an apparent attack on that same camp. The attack was believed to have been carried out by members of the Forces for National Liberation, (a predominantly Burundian Hutu rebel movement known for its hostility towards Tutsis) and the Mai-Mai, a Congolese rebel group who seem to have also been complicit. It resulted in one of the largest civilian massacres carried out in the history of Burundi and led to at least 166 deaths and another 106 wounded people. The next day the Vice President returned to the refugee camp to visit the survivors and help bury the victims; some of whom were members of his own family. After further assessing the severity of what had happened, Ruberwa decided on August 23 to suspend his party's participation in the transitional government. While many international observers viewed this as a potential threat to the peace deal, Ruberwa remarked that "this was not a call to go back to war, rather, a call to go back to the negotiating table in order to concretize outstanding issues regarding the protection of Congolese minorities." The suspension of the government continued for about a week until South African President Thabo Mbeki came to DRC to help mediate the conflict between Ruberwa and the Kinshasa government. After meeting with the South African delegation, Ruberwa and members of the RCD party decided to end the suspension once they secured additional guarantees for a new road map for peace. Post-Government career (2006-2016) After running in the 2006 presidential elections and losing in a crowded field to incumbent President Joseph Kabila, Ruberwa decided to step away from politics and to reopen his law practice in Lubumbashi along with two additional offices in Kinshasa and Goma. The firm specializes in corporate transactional work, commercial and white collar litigation, international arbitration, and lobbying. The firm's clients range in industry: banking, mining, telecommunications, international development and non-profit organizations. Ruberwa previously served on the board of Mercy Ships from 2010-2019. He continues to serve on several other boards such as The International Leadership Foundation, Congo Family Restoration, The Congolese National Prayer Breakfast Group, and a few other organizations. He has also spoken at numerous conferences, seminars and universities throughout Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America. Return to DRC government (2016-2021) In November 2016, Ruberwa returned to the DRC government as the Minister of Decentralization and Institutional Reforms. In this capacity, Ruberwa is in charge of the decentralization process for each of the 26 provinces in the country; twenty-one of which were created in the 2015 repartitioning. Ruberwa has been lauded for adopting a strong interdependence approach that favors empowering provincial and local officials in each province and helping them become less dependent on the national government. In the months leading up to the 2018 Elections, Ruberwa and his party joined the Common Front for Congo coalition, also known as FCC. After the 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election, Ruberwa remained in government and was asked to concurrently serve as Vice Prime Minister and Interim Minister of Transportation after José Makila Sumanda stepped down to join parliament. Ruberwa also served as the Interim Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals after Alexis Thambwe Mwamba stepped down to become the President of the Senate. This was done in accordance with Article 108 of the Congolese Constitution which forbids members of parliament or senate from simultaneously also serving in a cabinet position. Since both Ministers had run in the parliamentary elections and won seats, they could not continue to serve as Ministers. Ruberwa further served as the Acting Prime Minister for several weeks between June and July 2019, while Bruno Tshibala took a medical leave of absence. After the new government was formed in September 2019, Ruberwa was one of a handful of Ministers to retain a Ministerial position in the new Government, keeping the Ministry of Decentralization and Institutional Reforms. On January 3, 2020, social media reports surfaced alleging that a bomb had gone off at Ruberwa's residence. However, these reports were quickly denounced by the Chief Police Commissioner of the City of Kinshasa, Mr. Kasongo Kisenge Sylvano, who released a statement warning that "instigators had spread this false information in order to manipulate the opinion and thus to disturb the public order in the capital." He also mentioned that an investigation would be opened to dismantle the network of designers and propagators of false information against Ruberwa and other authorities in the country. In 2020, he announced the planned community of Lumumbaville to be built in Sankuru province. In March 2021 he lost his post when a new government under Sama Lukonde was formed. Personal Ruberwa is married to the former Chantal Shama. The couple have three adult children. In preparation for his 2006 presidential campaign, Ruberwa wrote a book titled "Our Vision for the Democratic Republic of Congo: Assessment of an Action, Outline of a Project." It was published by the Paris-based publishing company, L'Harmattan. References External links Azarias Ruberwa for President 1964 births Living people People from South Kivu Vice-presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Candidates for President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Rally for Congolese Democracy politicians 21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azarias%20Ruberwa
The following are the association football events of the year 1996 throughout the world. Events Copa Libertadores 1996: Won by River Plate after defeating América de Cali 2–1 on aggregate. UEFA Euro 1996: Germany defeats the Czech Republic 2–1 with a golden goal from Oliver Bierhoff at Wembley Stadium. The UEFA Regions' Cup is founded for amateur teams in Europe to have an international tournament. February 7 – Logi Ólafsson makes his debut as the manager of Iceland with a 1–7 loss against Slovenia. March 3 – Dutch club NEC fires Wim Koevermans and appoints former coach Leen Looyen as his successor. April 6 – Major League Soccer kicks-off: an overflow crowd of 31,683 packed Spartan Stadium to witness the historic first match. San Jose Clash forward Eric Wynalda scored the league's first goal in a 1–0 victory over D.C. United. May 11 – Manchester United wins 1–0 over Liverpool to claim the FA Cup. United becomes the first team to win the English League and Cup Double twice. May 16 – PSV claims the KNVB Cup after defeating Sparta Rotterdam at De Kuip, 5–2. August 18 – PSV wins the Johan Cruyff Shield, the annual opening of the new season in the Eredivisie, following a 3–0 win over Ajax. August 27 – Manager Alan Ball is fired by Manchester City and succeeded by Steve Coppell. October 9 – Manager Huub Stevens leaves Roda JC. He is replaced by interim-coach Eddy Achterberg, and later by Martin Jol. November 8 – Phil Neal replaces Manchester City manager Steve Coppell as caretaker, to be succeeded by Frank Clark on December 29. November 26 – Juventus wins the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo after defeating Argentina's River Plate 1–0. The match's only goal is scored by Alessandro del Piero in the 81st minute. Undated: Heidelberg Ball School is founded in Germany. Winner club national championships Asia Japan – Kashima Antlers Lebanon – Al-Ansar Qatar – Al-Arabi South Korea – Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i Iran – Persepolis Europe – Dinamo Zagreb – Slavia Prague – Manchester United – Auxerre – Borussia Dortmund –A.C. Milan Eredivisie – Ajax Eerste Divisie – AZ – Widzew Łódź – Porto – Atlético Madrid – Fenerbahçe – Partizan North America 1995–96 – Necaxa Inverno 1996 – Santos Seattle Sounders (APSL) D.C. United (MLS) South America Clausura – Vélez Sársfield Apertura – River Plate – Bolívar – Grêmio – Colo-Colo – El Nacional Paraguay – Cerro Porteño – Sporting Cristal International tournaments African Cup of Nations in South Africa (January 13 – February 3, 1996) UEFA European Football Championship in England (June 8 – 30 1996) — Baltic Cup in Narva, Estonia (July 7 – 9 1996) Olympic Games in Atlanta, United States (July 20 – August 3, 1996) Men's Tournament Women's Tournament United States PR China Norway National team results Europe Births January 1 January: Mahmoud Dahoud, German footballer Andreas Pereira, Brazilian footballer Mathias Jensen, Danish footballer 7 January: Isaac Success, Nigerian footballer 11 January: Leroy Sané, German footballer 21 January Marco Asensio, Spanish footballer Aldo Kalulu, French youth international Cristian Pavón, Argentine international 23 January: Ruben Loftus-Cheek, English footballer 24 January: Patrik Schick, Czech footballer 26 January: Zakaria Bakkali, Belgian footballer February 2 February: Harry Winks, English footballer 11 February: Jonathan Tah, German footballer Lucas Torreira, Uruguayan footballer 14 February: Lucas Hernandez, French footballer Viktor Kovalenko, Ukrainian footballer 28 February: Danilo Barbosa, Brazilian footballer March 3 March: Simone Solinas, Italian footballer 4 March: Timo Baumgartl, German footballer Antonio Sanabria, Paraguayan footballer 6 March: Timo Werner, German footballer 15 March: Levin Öztunalı, German footballer 24 March: Valentino Lazaro, Austrian footballer 28 March: Benjamin Pavard, French footballer April 2 April: André Onana, Cameroonian footballer 9 April: Giovani Lo Celso, Argentinian footballer 10 April: Andreas Christensen, Danish footballer 11 April: Dele Alli, English footballer 29 April: Gustav Engvall, Swedish footballer May 2 May: Julian Brandt, German footballer 3 May: Alex Iwobi, Nigerian footballer 5 May: Matheus Pereira, Brazilian footballer 11 May: Andrés Cubas, Argentine-born Paraguayan footballer 17 May: Youcef Atal, Algerian footballer 26 May: Lukáš Haraslín, Slovak footballer 30 May: Aleksandr Golovin, Russian footballer June 11 June: Hakeeb Adelakun, English footballer 12 June: Davinson Sánchez, Colombian footballer 13 June: Kingsley Coman, French footballer 17 June: Godfred Donsah, Ghanese footballer 18 June: Alen Halilović, Croatian footballer 22 June: Yusupha Bobb, Gambian footballer Mikel Merino, Spanish footballer 28 June Demarai Gray, Jamaican footballer Milot Rashica, Kosovar footballer 29 June Bart Ramselaar, Dutch international footballer Regild Zeneli, Albanian professional footballer July 3 July: Kumaahran Sathasivam, Malaysian footballer 5 July: Ajdin Hrustic, Australian footballer 7 July: Ivan Ljubic, Austrian footballer 11 July: Andrija Živković, Serbian footballer 12 July: Moussa Dembélé, French footballer 18 July: Dzhamaldin Khodzhaniyazov, Russian footballer Siebe Schrijvers, Belgian footballer 22 July: Indy Groothuizen, Dutch footballer 23 July: Leonel Navarrete, Mexican professional footballer August 7 August: Dani Ceballos, Spanish footballer 12 August: Arthur, Brazilian footballer 14 August: Neal Maupay, French footballer 19 August: Almoez Ali, Sudanese-Qatari footballer 21 August: Sofyan Amrabat, Dutch-born Moroccan footballer 27 August: Ebru Topçu, Turkish footballer 30 August: Gabriel Barbosa, Brazilian footballer September 5 September: Richairo Zivkovic, Dutch footballer 16 September: Alexis Blin, French footballer 17 September: Duje Ćaleta-Car, Croatian footballer 20 September: Jerome Sinclair, English footballer 25 September: Max Christiansen, German footballer 27 September: Maxwel Cornet, French-Ivorian footballer October 3 October: Kelechi Iheanacho, Nigerian footballer 12 October: Riechedly Bazoer, Dutch footballer 13 October: Terens Puhiri, Indonesian footballer 15 October: Charly Musonda, Belgian footballer 27 October: Nadiem Amiri, German footballer November 23 November: James Maddison, English footballer 29 November: Gonçalo Guedes, Portuguese footballer December 4 December: Diogo Jota, Portuguese footballer 8 December: Scott McTominay, Scottish footballer 15 December: Oleksandr Zinchenko, Ukrainian footballer 16 December: Wilfred Ndidi, Nigerian footballer Sergio Reguilón, Spanish footballer Deaths January January 2 – Karl Rappan (90), Austrian footballer and manager February February 23 – Helmut Schön (80), German footballer and manager May May 11 – Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian striker, top scorer at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (73) May 16 – Danilo Alvim, Brazilian midfielder, runner up at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (75) August August 2 – Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan midfielder, winner as captain of the 1950 FIFA World Cup, commonly regarded as one of the greatest classic holding midfielders. (78) September September 17 – Teodoro "Lolo" Fernandez (84), Peruvian footballer October October 4 – Silvio Piola, Italian striker, winner of the 1938 FIFA World Cup, scoring two goals in the final. Highest goalscorer in Italian first league history. (83) October 30 – Roberto Belangero, Brazilian midfielder, runner-up at the 1957 South American Championship. (68) November November 7 – Hans Klodt (82), German international footballer November 26 – Guido Gratton (64), Italian footballer References Association football by year	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20in%20association%20football
Orchestral percussion refers to the various percussion instruments used in an orchestral setting. It may also refer to the act of playing such instruments in an orchestral style. Many music schools and conservatories offer training for musicians interested in developing their skills as orchestral percussionists. Typically, an orchestral percussionist does not specialize in one particular instrument. Although there is no exhaustive list of all instruments that an orchestral percussionist must be able to play, there are particular instruments that are frequently used in the orchestral repertoire. This includes timpani, snare drum, bass drum, xylophone, glockenspiel, triangle, and tambourine. Mallet instruments Mallet percussion (also known as a keyboard or tuned percussion) is the general name given to the pitched percussion family. The name is a slight misnomer, in that almost every percussion instrument is played with some type of mallet or stick. With the exception of the marimba, almost every other keyboard instrument has been used widely in an orchestral setting. There are many extremely common and well-known excerpts for most of the mallet instruments. Gershwin's Porgy and Bess remains the most requested xylophone excerpt at auditions, with Copland's Appalachian Spring, Kodály's Háry János Suite, and Kabalevsky's Colas Breugnon being other common choices, although the list is practically endless. The glockenspiel has become a staple of the orchestra as well, and, as such, has had many important and difficult parts written for it. Dukas's The Sorcerer's Apprentice as well as Respighi's Pini di Roma are both extremely common excerpts on audition lists. Another keyboard instrument used in the orchestra, as well as jazz, is the vibraphone. The most commonly requested excerpt for vibraphone at orchestral auditions is from Leonard Bernstein's "West Side Story." The "Little Blue Devil" movement from "Seven Studies on Themes of Paul Klee" by Gunther Schuller is also frequently requested. Drums Bass drum In an orchestral setting, the concert bass drum plays an integral role in the overall feel of a piece of music. In orchestral literature, the bass drum usually deals more with coloring and shading the sounds of the orchestra as opposed to providing a solid, rhythmic foundation like in marching band drumset. The bass drum is usually used to accent strong points in the music and is often combined with a cymbal crash to further accentuate the moment. In fact, the two instruments are used in conjunction so often that many parts simply contain one rhythm and the composer then indicates which instruments are to play at which points. Though the bass drum is possibly the least frequently requested instrument at auditions, it actually takes a fair amount of skill to play correctly. Given the number of variables that can change when playing the bass drum (beater, beating location, amount/type of muffling, stroke, etc.), a well-versed percussionist is usually required to obtain all the possible sounds from the instrument. Some important excerpts for the bass drum in orchestral literature include Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 4, Romeo and Juliet, and 1812 Overture, many of the Mahler symphonies (most notably his third), and Symphonie Fantastique by Hector Berlioz. Snare drum The snare drum is one of the most easily recognizable instruments in the entire percussion section. Also called the side drum, the snare drum is often used as a means of accenting rhythms from other families of instruments within the orchestra or as a soloistic type, particularly in pieces that may have a "military" type theme or sound to them. The snare drum works extremely well as an accentuating instrument. Tuned and played correctly, it can produce sounds ranging from quick, short, and snappy to thick, warm, whip-crack-like accents. There are numerous examples in music of the snare drum being used in this fashion. One such example would be the fourth movement of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's symphonic suite Scheherazade. In this particular example, the snare drum is used to accentuate the various crescendos and "hits" played by the rest of the orchestra. It is also used to reinforce the rhythms played by the trumpets throughout the movement. As a soloistic instrument, the snare drum has certainly found its place in classical music. A fantastic example of this use of the snare drum would be the opening of Sergei Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kijé suite. After an opening trumpet solo, the snare drum plays a rather short, military-style solo at a pianissimo dynamic marking, designed to create a march-like feel. This particular part presents a number of problems for the orchestral percussionist, but its main difficulty lies in keeping the various rudiments (flams, four-stroke ruffs, etc.) consistent at such a soft dynamic level. Another difficult Snare Drum piece in classical music is: Bolero (somewhat demanding due to the exposed nature, the same two measures repeated for about 15 minutes, driving the entire orchestra to the end). Traditional rudimental solos that show a snare drummers technique include: The Connecticut Halftime, The Three Camps, and 'The Downfall of ParisThere has been a marked deviation from high-sticking, traditional drumming to a forced low-stick style. Various techniques of the snare drum include the Moller method, the Gladstone method, and other lesser methods. Concert toms Much like the bass drum, the concert toms are meant to add color and shading to orchestral music. However, it can also be used much like the snare drum. In fact, the snare drum can have the snare off, producing a high tom sound. Depending on the composer and/or music, the concert tom can be used as both. It gives a warm but sharper tone due to its size, being between 8 and 16 inches in diameter, whereas the concert bass is 30 to 45 inches. Factors such as the feel of the piece and the time period in which it was written are taken into account when using the concert tom. Auxiliary percussion Auxiliary percussion (also known as battery percussion or accessory percussion) include instruments like the triangle, castanets, and tambourine. These instruments are often overlooked and treated as trivial or unimportant simply because, to the untrained eye (or ear), they seem easy to play. The truth is, however, that auxiliary percussion often requires the most use of extended techniques and that the parts for these instruments are frequently the most difficult. Other auxiliary percussion instruments include: Anvil Bongos China cymbal Claves Congas Cowbell Crash cymbal Djembe Finger cymbals Güiro Hi-hat Maracas Mark tree Rainstick Ratchet Ride cymbal Rototom Shaker Suspended cymbal Temple blocks Tom drums Vibraslap Wind chimes Wood block Flexatone Cymbals and gongs Crash cymbals (also known as clash cymbals) Crash cymbals have been used in an orchestral setting since the time of Mozart when he adopted their sound from traditional Turkish bands to be used in his opera Abduction from the Seraglio. Since then, crash cymbals have become one of the most written for percussion instruments in classical music and they are easily one of the most recognized sounds within the orchestra. Gong/tam tam Suspended cymbal Gongs and tam-tams are easily confused with one another. A gong, generally, is a large hung cymbal with a nipple. As such, they are usually known as nipple gongs. This nipple is a small dome in the centre of the cymbal that produces a single note when struck with a soft beater. Conversely, a tam-tam has no nipple and a flat central area. When this cymbal is struck with a beater (most usually a soft beater), it produces a myriad of sounds with no single overruling note. One can distinguish the two by ear by following a simple method. A gong sounds like a slightly muffled church bell, producing a soft but clear note, whereas the tam-tam sounds much more like a large metal object being struck by a hard material. Examination Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, Trinity College London and London College of Music provide examination for orchestral percussion player. Candidates perform a balanced programme of three pieces, one chosen from mallet percussion song list, one from snare drum song list and one from timpani song list. Further reading Blatter, William, Instrumentation/Orchestration'', Schirmer Books	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestral%20percussion
Max Rooke (born Jarad Maxwell Rooke; 19 December 1981) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A utility player, tall and weighing , Rooke's versatility allowed him to play as a forward, defender, and midfielder. Rooke made his Geelong debut in 2002 and went on to become a dual premiership player with the club, playing key roles in both the 2007 and 2009 grand final victories. AFL career Rooke was recruited from Casterton in 2001, and he made his debut in the second round of 2002. In 2003, he was awarded Geelong's most determined and dedicated player award. Rooke was a regular senior player until a shin injury forced him to miss the second half of 2004, including the finals series, but he recovered to play all but one game in 2005. His lack of pace against small forwards was exposed in Round 20, 2005, when 's Russell Robertson kicked six goals against him. This prompted coach Mark Thompson to move him into the midfield the following week. This move was successful, with Rooke nullifying Hall of Fame midfielder Chris Judd. In Geelong's close loss to the Sydney Swans in the elimination final, Rooke laid a remarkable fifteen tackles. Rooke missed out on most of Geelong's 2007 season after suffering a potential season-ending 7 cm hamstring tear in Round 13. On 12 July, Geelong spent $20,000 on Rooke to receive treatment by soft-tissue expert Dr Hans-Wilhelm Muller-Wohlfarth in Germany. He returned to the side in the 106-point qualifying final win against the after key defender Matthew Egan suffered a season-ending foot injury. In October 2010, Rooke announced his retirement from AFL football due to an acute knee injury which kept him out for most of the 2010 home-and-away season. Coaching career Rooke returned to Geelong in 2011 as a development coach for four seasons before joining as a development coach for the 2016 season. In November 2016, he joined as a development coach. Rooke was stood down from Melbourne in May 2020 due to limitations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal life In November 2006, Rooke made the decision to officially change his legal name to Max. Rooke's middle name at birth was Maxwell, and both of his grandfathers were known as Max, which led to a fondness of the name being the main reason behind the change. He also sported a wild 1970s-style hairstyle and beard. Rooke was known by the new name in all official AFL records from the 2007 season onwards. Concussion history and class action against the AFL Rooke claims that he had about 20 to 30 concussions throughout his nine-year career, according to an AFL class-action writ. In a suit reminiscent to that of the NFL, Rooke is the lead plaintiff in a class-action lawsuit filed in the Supreme Court of Victoria in March 2023 on behalf of players employed by one or more AFL clubs between 1985 and 14 March 2023 who either suffered concussion or suffered damage from concussions, with the lawsuit seeking up to $1bn compensation for alleged long-term concussion damage to AFL players. Statistics \|- \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2002 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 15 \|\| 1 \|\| 0 \|\| 93 \|\| 69 \|\| 162 \|\| 37 \|\| 26 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 6.2 \|\| 4.6 \|\| 10.8 \|\| 2.5 \|\| 1.7 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2003 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 18 \|\| 3 \|\| 3 \|\| 134 \|\| 103 \|\| 237 \|\| 74 \|\| 38 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 7.4 \|\| 5.7 \|\| 13.2 \|\| 4.1 \|\| 2.1 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2004 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 11 \|\| 0 \|\| 1 \|\| 51 \|\| 47 \|\| 98 \|\| 38 \|\| 18 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 4.6 \|\| 4.3 \|\| 8.9 \|\| 3.5 \|\| 1.6 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2005 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 23 \|\| 3 \|\| 1 \|\| 131 \|\| 129 \|\| 260 \|\| 88 \|\| 68 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 5.7 \|\| 5.6 \|\| 11.3 \|\| 3.8 \|\| 3.0 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2006 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 17 \|\| 8 \|\| 1 \|\| 114 \|\| 121 \|\| 235 \|\| 62 \|\| 55 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 6.7 \|\| 7.1 \|\| 13.8 \|\| 3.6 \|\| 3.2 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" \| 2007 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 8 \|\| 6 \|\| 3 \|\| 38 \|\| 45 \|\| 83 \|\| 26 \|\| 27 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 4.8 \|\| 5.6 \|\| 10.4 \|\| 3.3 \|\| 3.4 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2008 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 20 \|\| 13 \|\| 4 \|\| 113 \|\| 156 \|\| 269 \|\| 84 \|\| 70 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 5.7 \|\| 7.8 \|\| 13.5 \|\| 4.2 \|\| 3.5 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" \| 2009 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 22 \|\| 24 \|\| 15 \|\| 135 \|\| 108 \|\| 243 \|\| 97 \|\| 76 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 6.1 \|\| 4.9 \|\| 11.0 \|\| 4.4 \|\| 3.5 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2010 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 33 \|\| 1 \|\| 0 \|\| 1 \|\| 3 \|\| 5 \|\| 8 \|\| 2 \|\| 2 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 5.0 \|\| 8.0 \|\| 2.0 \|\| 2.0 \|- class="sortbottom" ! colspan=3\| Career ! 135 ! 58 ! 29 ! 812 ! 783 ! 1595 ! 508 ! 380 ! 0.4 ! 0.2 ! 6.0 ! 5.8 ! 11.8 ! 3.8 ! 2.8 \|} References External links Living people 1981 births Geelong Football Club players Geelong Football Club premiership players Casterton Football Club players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) People from Casterton, Victoria Australia international rules football team players VFL/AFL premiership players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Rooke
Musician was a monthly magazine that covered news and information about American popular music. First called Music America, it was founded in 1976 by Sam Holdsworth and Gordon Baird. The two friends borrowed $20,000 from relatives and started the publication in a barn in Colorado. Subtitled "The Art, Business and Technology of Making Music", it became known for its extended and thorough articles about the stars of rock music. It was not intended as a fan magazine, but as a publication about the musician's craft, and as a result, it earned it the respect of people in the music business. As Holdsworth told an interviewer in 2003, the magazine "created a level of trust that made the musicians feel they were talking with peers". In the same article, he said that Musician was also known for unearthing details that the average magazine did not—such as why a musician chose a particular brand of instrument, or what was the inspiration for a certain song. Musician never gained a wide following, although it had a devoted readership. It was respected by critics for the quality of its writers; among the best-known writers for Musician were rock critic Lester Bangs and soon-to-be film director Cameron Crowe. It was later renamed Musician, Player & Listener and was headquartered in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Holdsworth and Baird sold it in January 1981 to the company that owned Billboard magazine. Holdsworth and another company executive bought it back in 1985, and ran it until selling it again in 1987. The magazine folded in 1999. References Library of Congress: Musician. Gloucester, MA: Amordian Press, 1982–1999. ISSN 0733-5253. Defunct magazines published in the United States Magazines established in 1976 Magazines disestablished in 1999 Magazines published in Colorado Magazines published in Massachusetts Monthly magazines published in the United States Music magazines published in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musician%20%28magazine%29
Face the Truth may refer to: Face the Truth (Stephen Malkmus album) Face the Truth (John Norum album) Face the Truth, a syndicated panel show hosted by Vivica A. Fox aired from September 2018 to May 2019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face%20the%20Truth
The Order of the Knights of St. Crispin was an American labor union of shoe workers formed in Wisconsin in 1867. It soon reached a membership of 50,000 or more, largely in the Northeast. However it was poorly organized and faded away by 1874. They fought to prevent innovation, including the introduction of new machinery, and worked to keep immigrant labor out of the workforce. History The first lodge of the Knights of St. Crispin was organized in 1867 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. As a union of shoemakers, it took its name from the Catholic Saint Crispin, the patron saint of cobblers. The founding members were Newell Daniels, Samuel Wilson, W. C. Haynes, Albert Jenkins, Thomas Houren, F. W. Wallace and Henry Palmer. The Order spread throughout Wisconsin and the Northeast and even into Canada. By 1871 it claimed about 400 lodges with 50,000 to 60,000 members. Dues paying members were far fewer. In Milwaukee the Knights owned and operated three cooperative shops. In 1872 some eastern lodges went on strike and suffered a crushing defeat, after which the organization rapidly declined. The order was revived in 1875 in Lynn, Massachusetts and defeated an attempt by the manufacturers to force their workers to sign a pledge not to join a union. In its heyday the Knights fought against employment of Chinese workers and tried to stop the training of new workers so as to keep wages high. The Panic of 1873 caused heavy layoffs in the factories and the Knights lost members rapidly. Constitution One provision in its constitution explicitly sought to limit the entry of "green hands" into the trade. That effort failed because the new machines could be operated by semi-skilled workers and produce more shoes than hand sewing. See also North Adams strike Daughters of St. Crispin Shoemaking Bibliography Commons, John R. "American Shoemakers, 1648-1895: A Sketch of Industrial Evolution," Quarterly Journal of Economics 24 (November, 1909), 39-83. in JSTOR Commons, John R. History of Labour in the United States - Vol. 2 1860-1896 (1918) online edition Dawley, Alan. Class and Community: The Industrial Revolution in Lynn (1976) excerpt and text search Hall, John P. "The Knights of St. Crispin in Massachusetts, 1869-1878," Journal of Economic History 18 (June, 1958), 161-175. in JSTOR Gerald Zahavi, "The Endicott Johnson Corporation:19th Century Origins" (2001) Lescohier, Don D. The Knights of St. Crispin, 1867-1874; a study in the industrial causes of trade unionism Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, #355. Economics and political science ser., v. 7, no. 1 Madison, Wis. 1910 References Shoemakers Defunct trade unions in the United States Footwear industry trade unions Trade unions established in 1867 Trade unions disestablished in the 1870s	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20the%20Knights%20of%20St.%20Crispin
Arthur Z'ahidi Ngoma (18 September 1947 – 5 October 2016) was one of four vice-presidents in the transitional government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was sworn in on 17 July 2003, and left office in December 2006. Ngoma was born in Kalima in the province of Maniema. He previously worked as a university lecturer and for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. He was imprisoned in 1997 and then went into exile for a brief period. He led the rebel group Rally for Congolese Democracy, but left it in 1999. He ran for President of Congo in 2006 as the candidate of the Force of the Future party, receiving 0.34% of the vote. He died in Paris at the age of 69 in 2016. References 1947 births 2016 deaths Candidates for President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Rally for Congolese Democracy politicians Vice-presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Z%27ahidi%20Ngoma
The Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an award in the annual Australian Film Institute Awards. It has been awarded annually since 1974. Previous winners References Afi.org.au — AFI Award Winners A AACTA Award winners Film awards for supporting actor	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AACTA%20Award%20for%20Best%20Actor%20in%20a%20Supporting%20Role
Laura Smith (March 18, 1952 – March 7, 2020) was a Canadian folk singer-songwriter. She is best known for her 1995 single "Shade of Your Love", one of the year's biggest hits on adult contemporary radio stations in Canada, and for her adaptation of the Scottish folk song "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean" which she entitled "My Bonny". She recorded a version of this with The Chieftains, which they erroneously listed as "My Bonnie" on their album Fire in the Kitchen. In December 2010, that version received a nod for Song of the Decade from Bill Margeson at LiveIreland. Biography Born and raised in London, Ontario, Smith was encouraged in her early writing by the noted poet Margaret Avison, then writer-in-residence at the University of Western Ontario. She began playing music as well, making her debut in area coffeehouses. She moved to Toronto in 1975 for nine years; in 1984, she moved to Cape Breton. Smith released her debut album, Elemental, under the auspices of CBC Variety Recordings in 1989. It was recorded at CBC Halifax. Unbeknownst to Smith or CBC, at about the same time, Loreena McKennitt released an album with the same title, so Smith's debut release was changed to Laura Smith when she leased back the masters from CBC. Her second album, B'tween the Earth and My Soul (1994) brought her national acclaim and earned her two East Coast Music Awards (Female Artist, Album of the Year) and two Juno nominations for Best New Solo Artist and Best Roots and Traditional Album. The next year, 1997, she was awarded a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Performing Arts Program or Series. In 2003, Smith was given a DHumL from Mount Saint Vincent University for her songwriting. She continued to work through the 2000s, including two seasons on stage in Prince Edward Island in the role of Marilla in the musical Anne & Gilbert at the Victoria Playhouse in Victoria-by-the-Sea and the Jubilee Theatre in Summerside respectively. However, through the decade she suffered three debilitating accidents which resulted in chronic pain. This led to the use of increasingly stronger prescription drugs which eventually led to dependence. She attempted to obtain a Music Therapy degree from Acadia University, but gave up her studies to concentrate on healing. She disappeared from the music scene for a time, but by 2010 she was performing again, having overcome her dependency through the adoption of non-narcotic pain treatment therapies. Her story was featured in a radio documentary by Ann Silversides which aired on CBC Radio One's morning program The Current on February 3, 2010. In 2010 and 2011 she performed several shows across Canada, touring with Ryan MacGrath. In 2012 Cathie Ryan recorded a version of Smith's "I'm a Beauty" on her album Through Wind and Rain. Smith completed her first recording in sixteen years, Everything Is Moving, in January 2013. It was released by Borealis Records on April 10, 2013. Poet Phil Hall celebrated Laura Smith's singing in his poem "Tremulous" (Niagara & Government, 2020, Pedlar Press). She asked him to read it her house concert audience in Fredericton in early 2019. Smith died of cancer on March 7, 2020, in Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, where she lived. She was 67. Discography Albums Singles Guest singles References External links Laura Smith 1952 births 2020 deaths Canadian folk singer-songwriters Canadian women singer-songwriters Canadian folk guitarists Canadian women folk guitarists Musicians from London, Ontario Musicians from Nova Scotia Deaths from cancer in Nova Scotia 20th-century Canadian women singers 21st-century Canadian women singers 20th-century Canadian singer-songwriters 21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Smith%20%28singer%29
Marvin, Welch & Farrar ( MWF) were a 1970s British and Australian popular music group formed by Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch, both members of The Shadows – as a change of direction manoeuvre during 1970 to 1973 – and John Farrar (ex-The Strangers). The distinction was that while The Shadows were famous for their instrumental work, Marvin Welch & Farrar were a trio, vocal harmony group. They have been favourably compared to USA folk close harmony group Crosby Stills Nash and Young (a.k.a. CSNY) and The Hollies. Their second album, Second Opinion (1971), produced by Peter Vince, was voted one of the best ever sounding albums recorded at Abbey Road studios by EMI Records' sound engineers in a private poll during the 1970s. History Marvin, Welch & Farrar was formed in London in July 1970 and comprised Hank Marvin on lead vocals and lead guitar; Bruce Welch on lead vocals and rhythm guitar; and John Farrar on lead vocals and guitar (both lead and rhythm). Reports were appearing in the United Kingdom music press by August that Marvin and Welch of The Shadows were forming a new group. Marvin later recalled, "I thought at the time that, as the Shadows weren't working regularly, it would be nice to do something new – singing rather than instrumental, though with instrumentals as well, of course. I was talking to Bruce about it and I thought about forming a five-piece. He wasn't keen on a big group so we shelved the idea and started writing songs together. He suggested the two of us should record the songs together. I suggested adding one more person – I wanted the extra strength of a third voice and the scope it would offer". The third member of the new group was then-unknown on the British 'pop' music scene: Farrar was a member of Australian group, The Strangers, which in 1968 had shared a bill with The Shadows. Welch had watched them from the wings of the theatre and was impressed by the young singer-guitarist: Farrar used a coke bottle to provide a slide guitar effect. When Olivia Newton-John reminded Welch and Marvin about Farrar – who was by then married to Pat Carroll, Newton-John's ex-singing partner – the duo invited him to send over some tapes, and then to join them. Farrar remembered "Bruce had tried to phone me earlier and had left a message at my mother's house. I had been out working, and had gone home with my wife and we were both fast asleep around 1.30 am when the 'phone rang. When I picked up the 'phone and Bruce told me what he was planning, I couldn't believe it. Pat wanted me to drop everything and fly to London on the next plane, but I was desperately planning to be cool... Pat and I didn't go back to bed until the following morning. We spent the whole night smoking cigarettes, drinking cups of coffee and talking... I was trying so hard to be cool, but if the truth be known I wanted to get on the next plane, too". The Strangers had been formed in 1961, and when founder, Laurie Arthur, decided to leave in early 1964, he was replaced by then 18-year-old Farrar. In 1968 they were a support act for The Shadows' appearance at the Menzies Hotel in Melbourne. The Strangers visited Vietnam in 1970 to play for Australian and United States troops, and Farrar spent some time in the US studying recording techniques in West Coast studios. Then came the invitation to join Marvin and Welch in London. Three months after the phone call from Welch, Farrar and Carroll were in London and Marvin, Welch and Farrar had begun rehearsing. Welch related "Originally, we planned just to record. But the enormity of John's move across the world and the good reception our album received changed that". A 13-week Cliff Richard BBC TV series began in January 1971, and Marvin, Welch and Farrar appeared in five of the shows. It was also announced that the new group would be participating in Richard's European tour, scheduled for later that year. They would be billed as 'The Shadows – featuring Marvin, Welch and Farrar'. This was apparently for the benefit of audiences on the continent, who might be less familiar with the new vocal group. The Brian Bennett Orchestra would be accompanied Richard's set and both Welch and The Shadows bass guitarist, John Rostill, were to play in The Shadows/Marvin, Welch and Farrar set. In fact session bassist Dave Richmond – who had played on the Marvin, Welch and Farrar debut album – replaced Rostill for the tour. The Marvin, Welch and Farrar element in the show was confined to three numbers out of ten. Although the two ex-Shadows were anxious to emphasise their commitment to the new venture, the public were not so sure. Despite an almost total lack of concert and record appearances, the Shadows were voted Top Instrumental Group in the 1971 New Musical Express poll. Live appearances by the new trio still brought demands from the audience for old Shadows numbers. During 1971 and 1972 Marvin Welch & Farrar performed live sessions at the BBC for Radio 1 broadcasting on the Dave Lee Travis Show. Marvin mused "we lost out both ways. We lost out on the old Shadows, and we lost out by not getting through to the people we thought we'd get through to. They just wouldn't accept us". As musicians and songwriters, the group were well respected. Richard felt "The music was good. Excellent in fact. The engineers and EMI who produced all the Beatles things voted 'Second Opinion' the best album to come out of the company". Second Opinion, the trio's second LP, was released in the US on the Sire label, which later released albums by artists such as the Ramones. Marvin, Welch and Farrar records, although well received, did not set the charts alight. The group remained unconcerned, working in the studios or on tour. At other times, they were individually or collectively writing songs, some of which were recorded by Richard or Newton-John as well as by the trio. Farrar and Welch were arranging and producing Newton-John's recordings, until she broke off her engagement to the latter, after which Farrar alone became responsible for her recording career. By 1972, however, Welch had dropped out of the trio. The group had not lived up to his expectations, and some sections of the music press were critical of the Richard-Shadows-Newton-John stable generally. Adverse criticisms, though, did not seem to affect the box-office, and the autumn 1971 Palladium season had been a great success. When Richard toured in 1972, it was Marvin and Farrar, with the assistance of Bennett who joined them. Also involved were ex-Shadow Alan Hawkshaw, Newton-John and Carroll. The Marvin-Farrar set mixed Shadows favourites with new material. Marvin and Farrar recorded an LP as a duo with one track also featuring Welch, which was presumably originally recorded for a planned third Marvin, Welch and Farrar LP. The album track, "Music makes my day", features Newton-John playing a recorder as an accompaniment. Marvin, on reflection, was less than enthusiastic about that joint album: "it lacked something in direction. It was a bit like Frankenstein meets the Beach Boys". The album, Hank Marvin and John Farrar, was also released in the US, on the Capitol label. Richard's second appearance in the Eurovision Song Contest was in 1973, and Farrar was a member of his backing group. When Richard toured Australia in the same year, Farrar was musical director for both the gospel and secular segments of the tour. Backing Richard were Farrar's former group, the Strangers, and the vocal accompaniment was provided by Pat Carroll Singers. MW&F gigs Stage appearances by Marvin, Welch and Farrar, and latterly by Marvin and Farrar, resulted in demands for 'old' Shadows numbers such as FBI and Apache etc. So in 1973, Marvin and Welch bowed to the inevitable and announced that the Shadows would come together once or twice a year for recording purposes only. Marvin and Farrar would still be working together, and would join with Welch and Bennett as the Shadows. The first LP by the new line-up was released in November 1973 as Rockin' with Curly Leads. Almost all the tracks recorded by Marvin, Welch & Farrar were written by its core members, with occasional contributions from co-writers. Discography (MW&F) Albums Live at the BBC – unissued, BBC copyright, various sessions – 1970–72 Marvin, Welch & Farrar – LP/CD – Regal Zonophone/See4Miles – 1971/1991 Second Opinion – LP/CD – Regal Zonophone/See4Miles – 1971/1991 Second Opinion – Quadraphonic LP – Regal Zonophone – 1972 Step From The Shadows – LP/CD – See4Miles – 1986 A Thousand Conversations – The Best of Marvin, Welch & Farrar – LP/CD – EMI – 1997 Marvin, Welch & Farrar / Second Opinion (Remastered) – CD – BGO – 2006 Cliff Richard 'Live' In Japan '72 – 2LP/8-CD boxset – Toshiba-EMI/EMI – 1973/2008 'Live' In Japan '72 – album by Cliff Richard, CD – EMI (in 2009) features M&F track "Backscratcher". Live at the Paris Olympia – album by the Shadows, CD – EMI (in 1992) features 10 songs from their MW&F era. Live at the Paris Olympia/'Live' In Japan – double album by the Shadows, 2CD – Magic Records of France (in 2002) features 10 songs from their MW&F era. Singles Faithful / Mr. Sun – 7" – Regal Zonophone RZ 3030 – 22 January 1971 Lady of the Morning / Tiny Robin – 7" – Regal Zonophone RZ 3035 – 28 May 1971 Marmaduke / Strike A Light – 7" – Regal Zonophone RZ 3048 – 17 March 1972 Faithful / Brownie Kentucky – 7" – Regal Zonophone RZ.701 [New Zealand] – 1971 Discography (M&F) Albums Hank Marvin & John Farrar – LP/CD – EMI/See4Miles – 1973/1991 Hank Marvin & John Farrar (Remastered) – CD – BGO – 2007 Singles Music Makes My Day / Skin Deep – 7" – EMI – EMI 2044 – 20 July 1973 Small And Lonely Light / Galadriel (Spirit of Starlight) – 7" – EMI – EMI 2335 – 22 August 1975 Guitars used by MW&F/M&F Marvin (acoustic): Gibson (6+12 strings); Martin D-45, D-28, Yamaha Marvin (electric): Burns Marvin; Fender Stratocaster (Sunburst & Black); Gibson Les Paul De-Luxe. Welch (acoustic): Martin D-28 Farrar (acoustic): Martin D-28 Farrar (electric): Fender Telecaster (thin-line with 3 Bigsby pedals); Gibson Les Paul Line ups Studio album(s) MW&F "MW&F"/"2nd Opinion" 1970–72: Marvin(g)+Welch(g)+Farrar(g) && Alan Hawkshaw(kb)+Clem Cattini(d)+Dave Richmond(b) MW&F BBC radio1 sessions(unissued) 1970–72: Marvin(g)+Welch(g)+Farrar(g) && Brian Bennett(d)+Geoff Atherton(b) M&F "HM&JF" 1973: Marvin(g)+Farrar(g) && Alan Tarney(b)+Trevor Spencer(d)+OliviaNJ(recorder)+BBennett(perc) Live concerts MW&F (w/Gene Pitney or w/Cliff Richard) 1970–71: Marvin(g)+Welch(g)+Farrar(g) M&F (Japan Tour – Cliff Richard/Olivia Newton-john/Pat Carroll) 1972: Marvin(g)+Farrar(g) && Rostill(b)+Hawkshaw(kb)+Bennett(d) M&F (Ronnie Scott's jazz club) 1973: Marvin(g)+Farrar(g) && Dave Olney(b)+Andrew Steele(d) M&F (Batleys Night club) 1973: Marvin(g)+Farrar(g) && Geoff Atherton(b)+Andrew Steele(d) 1973: Hank Marvin, John Farrar, Andrew Steele, Pat Carroll,. Robert Young (Bailey's cabaret club circuit) UK. Session musicians Clem Cattini – Drums and percussion – (1st album) Dave Richmond – Bass guitar – (1st/2nd albums) Alan Hawkshaw – Piano and organ – (1st/2nd albums) Peter Vince – Piano and organ – (1st album) Brian Bennett – Drums and percussion (2nd album/M&F album) Duffy Power – Harmonica – (2nd album) Johnny Van Derek – Fiddle – (2nd album) Dave Olney – Bass guitar – live Geoff Atherton – Bass guitar – live Andrew Steele – Drums – live Alan Tarney – Bass guitar – (M&F album) Trevor Spencer – Drums and percussion – (M&F album) Olivia Newton-John – Recorder – (M&F album) Richard Hewson – Orchestra – (M&F album) Robert Young (born Robert Parkes Stockport) – live percussion Bibliography Books 1. The Story of the Shadows by Mike Read. 1983. Elm Tree books. . 2. Rock 'n' Roll, I Gave You The Best Years of My Life — A Life in the Shadows by Bruce Welch. (Penguin Books). 3. A pocket guide to Shadow music, by M.Campbell, R.Bradford, L.Woosey. Idmon. . 4. A guide to The Shadows and Hank Marvin on CD, by M.Cambell & L.Woosey. Idmon. . 5. The Complete Rock Family Rock Trees, by Pete Frame. Omnibus. . 6. The Shadows Discography, by John Friesen. No ISBN. 7. The Shadows Discography, by George Geddes. No ISBN. 8. Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles and Albums (19th Edn), David Roberts. . 9. The Complete Book of the British Charts Singles and Albums, by Neil Warwick, Jon Kutner & Tony Brown, 3rd Edn. . 10. John Farrar — Music makes my day, (A Shadsfax-Tribute-40pp-booklet), by T.Hoffman, A.Hardwick, S.Duffy, G.Jermy, A.Lewis, J.Auman. No ISBN. Sheet Music (Book Albums) 1. Marvin Welch and Farrar, 1970, Music Sales Ltd. ISBN ????????. References English rock music groups Musical groups established in 1970 Musical groups disestablished in 1973 Rock music supergroups Musical groups from London	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%2C%20Welch%20%26%20Farrar
Al-Rumayṣāʾ bint Milḥān (; died 650 CE; 28 AH), popularly known by her kunya as Umm Sulaym, was one of the earliest women converts to Islam in Yathrib (now Medina). Umm Sulaym was first married to Malik ibn an-Nadr and her son by this marriage was Anas ibn Malik, a notable companion of Muhammad. Following the death of her first husband, Abu Talha al-Ansari resolved to become engaged to her before anyone else did. He was confident that Umm Sulaym would not pass him over for another. He was quite rich, an accomplished horseman, and a skilful archer and he belonged to the same clan as Umm Sulaym, the Banu Najjar. But she refused. Abu Talha did not take no for an answer. He asked her if there was someone more worthy for her than him, and she explained that she was a Muslim and could not marry a polytheist. He accepted Islam and they were married, and she started educating him in Islam. Abu Talhah became a devout Muslim who loved to be in the company of Muhammad. Abu Talhah died while he was on a naval expedition during the time of the caliph Uthman, and was buried at sea. See also Bruriah References Citations Bibliography Female wartime nurses Najjarite people Women companions of the Prophet Women in medieval warfare Women in war in the Middle East 650s deaths Year of birth unknown 7th-century Arab people Arab women in war	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm%20Sulaym%20bint%20Milhan
The maguhu (馬骨胡; simplified: 马骨胡; pinyin: mǎgǔhú) is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of musical instruments. It has two strings and its sound box is made from the femur bone of a horse (or alternatively a cow or mule). The front end of the sound box is covered with snake skin (or, alternatively, shark or frog skin), and the end of the neck is carved in the shape of a horse's head. The maguhu is used primarily by the Zhuang and Buyei peoples of the southern Chinese province of Guangxi. It is used in the ensemble that accompanies guiju (桂剧; Guangxi opera) and is also used in the bayin (八音) ensemble of the Zhuang people (along with the tuhu, huluhu, sanxian, drums, cymbals, and other instruments). The instrument's name is derived from the Chinese words mǎ gǔ, meaning "horse bone," and hú (short for huqin). See also Chinese music List of Chinese musical instruments Huqin External links Maguhu page (Chinese) Maguhu page (Chinese) Maguhu page (Chinese) Maguhu photos Maguhu photo Chinese musical instruments Drumhead lutes Huqin family instruments	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguhu
Port Grenaugh is a cove in the south-east of the Isle of Man at the foot of Glen Grenaugh, in the parish of Santon, and the mouth of Grace's stream which originates in the Newtown area of the parish by Ballakissack farm. Close by is Cronk ny Merriu - the remains of one of the island's promontory forts which date back almost 2000 years. External links Map showing Port and Glen Grenaugh Bays of the Isle of Man	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Grenaugh
Antonino Votto, sometimes spelt Antonio Votto, (30 October 1896 – 9 September 1985) was an Italian operatic conductor and vocal coach. Votto developed an extensive discography with the Teatro alla Scala in Milan during the 1950s, when EMI produced the bulk of its studio recordings featuring Maria Callas. Though Votto was a dependable conductor (and the teacher of Riccardo Muti), critics frequently faulted his recordings for their lack of emotional immediacy. This may have been an occupational hazard of working in the studio, as his live sets with Callas, including a Norma (December 1955, La Scala) and La sonnambula (1957, Cologne) are considered to be great performances. Among his pupils was the soprano Claudia Pinza Bozzolla. Commercial discography Ponchielli: La Gioconda (Callas, Barbieri, Amadini, Poggi, Silveri, Neri; 1952) Cetra Puccini: La bohème (Callas, Moffo, di Stefano, Panerai, Zaccaria; 1956) EMI Verdi: Un ballo in maschera (Callas, Ratti, Barbieri, di Stefano, Gobbi; 1956) EMI Bellini: La sonnambula (Callas, Ratti, Monti, Zaccaria; 1957) EMI Ponchielli: La Gioconda (Callas, Cossotto, Companeez, Ferraro, Cappuccilli, Vinco; 1959) EMI Puccini: La bohème (Scotto, Poggi, Gobbi, Modesti; 1961) Deutsche Grammophon Verdi: La traviata (Scotto, G.Raimondi, Bastianini; 1962) Deutsche Grammophon References The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, by John Warrack and Ewan West, Oxford University Press, 1996. 1896 births 1985 deaths Italian male conductors (music) 20th-century Italian conductors (music) 20th-century Italian male musicians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonino%20Votto
is a Japanese speed skater. He has an Olympic gold medal from 1998 in the 500 m, and held the 500 m record (34.32). He was married Japanese fashion model Reiko Takagaki. World records Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com References Hiroyasu Shimizu at SpeedSkatingStats.com Photos of Hiroyasu Shimizu External links 1974 births Living people Japanese male speed skaters Olympic speed skaters for Japan Olympic gold medalists for Japan Olympic silver medalists for Japan Olympic bronze medalists for Japan Olympic medalists in speed skating Speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Asian Games gold medalists for Japan Asian Games silver medalists for Japan Asian Games medalists in speed skating Speed skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games Speed skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games World record setters in speed skating Nihon University alumni Speed skaters from Hokkaido People from Obihiro, Hokkaido World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships medalists World Sprint Speed Skating Championships medalists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroyasu%20Shimizu
Wilhelm Otto (W.O) Kühne (1924–1988) award-winning author of children's literature and editor of Die Jongspan and Die Burger in Cape Town, South Africa. One of the foremost children's authors in the Afrikaans language, the most notable of his books are the Huppelkind series and Die wonderbaarlike motor van Barnabas Bombas (1981). Kühne won the inaugural C. P. Hoogenhout Award for Afrikaans children's literature for his book Huppel verjaar. His wife, the illustrator Dorothy Hill, illustrated the entire Huppelkind series along with many of his other of his books. An interview with his wife and collaborator Dorothy Hill in 2018, 50 years after the first edition of the Huppelkind book, gave more details on their work together. Early life Wilhelm Otto (W.O.) Kühne was born near Graaff-Reinet in 1924. He taught at Vredehoek Primary School in Cape Town before joining the editorial staff of Die Burger where he worked, among other things, as a yachting reporter. He subsequently wrote for Die Huisgenoot and Sarie Marais magazines and was the editor of Die Jongspan. He had a popular daily column in Die Burger called Van Alle Kante. Career W.O. Kühne is best known for his Huppelkind stories. They were first published as stories in Klein Burger and were published as six separate Huppelkind books by Tafelberg from 1958 to 1960. The six classic stories have recently been brought together in an anthology celebrating the 50 year anniversary of the first edition in printed in 1958. Huppel's appeal has been likened to that of Christopher Robin in English children's literature and the play on rhythm, words and sounds in Kühne's prose strongly reminds of Dr Seuss at times. Dorothy Hill's charming illustrations complement the text. In 1960 W.O. Kühne was the first recipient of the C.P. Hoogenhout award for Huppel verjaar. He wrote a number of other children's and youth books such as Kassie Krog in die knyp (1960), Die Kringe van Keerom (1962) and Die Wonderlike motor van Barnabas Bombas (1981). Die Kringe van Keerom (1962) was co-winner along with Die Goue Protea by Mikro for first prize in the Nasionale Boekhandel Youth Stories competition in 1961, written to commemorate the first Afrikaans book in 1861. It has two editions and twelve reprints experience. Kühne translated or retold a number of nursery stories such as Die flukse kabouters van Keulen (1969), My prentepoetseboek (1976), and four books in a series of Bible stories for children, namely The birth of Jesus, Moses in the basket, David and Goliath and the childhood of Jesus, all published in 1982. Death W.O. Kühne died in 1988. Selected works Die nagvlieërs, Tafelberg (1957) Die indringers, Tafelberg (1958) Huppelkind, Tafelberg (1958) Huppel maak 'n plan, Tafelberg (1958) Wip-Huppel-Wip, Tafelberg (1959) Vrolike Huppelkind, Tafelberg (1959) Huppel by die water, Tafelberg (1960) Huppel verjaar, Tafelberg (1960) Huppel en sy maats (anthology, 1982, , ) Kassie Krog in die knyp, Tafelberg (1960) Die wonderbaarlike motor van Barnabas Bombas, Nasionale Boekhandel (1981) Die mededingers, Tafelberg (1962) Die kring van Keerom, Tafelberg (1962) Hoera vir Klaas Jas!, Tafelberg (1975) Piet-’n-Jan, Tafelberg (1975) Die waterskeiding, Tafelberg (1981) Die vloedramp, Tafelberg (1981) Pot, graaf en houtvurk, Tafelberg (1983) Die wonderbaarlike wedervaringe van Jurie Losper en Broer Herklaas, Tafelberg (1984) Pip in Otterland, Tafelberg (1983) Eendag was daar ’n witborskraai: ’n fantasieverhaal, Tafelberg (1985) Huppelkind anthology, Tafelberg (2018) Awards C.P. Hoogenhout Award (1960) – Huppel verjaar Nasionale Boekhandel Youth Story Competition (1961) – Die kring van Keerom References External links Photo of WO Kühne 1924 births 1988 deaths 21st-century South African writers 20th-century South African writers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Otto%20K%C3%BChne
Hanne Hukkelberg (born 17 April 1979) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer from Kongsberg, Norway. Hukkelberg started singing and playing instruments at the age of 3. In her youth, she was a vocalist covering genres such as jazz, rock, and free jazz, and was also a member of the influential doom metal band Funeral in high school, in which she contributed vocals on their second album, In Fields of Pestilent Grief. She earned her degree from the Norwegian Academy of Music in Oslo. Hukkelberg graduated from the Norwegian Academy of Music in 2003, establishing herself as a vocalist, composer and multi-instrumentalist. It was there she met Kåre Chr. Vestrheim – a tutor who would later become one of Hukkelberg's closest friends and collaborators; also producing her Cast Anchor EP (2003) and breakthrough debut LP Little Things (2004). In 2006 Hukkelberg released her second album Rykestrasse 68. The album was awarded a Norwegian Grammy in 2007 and released to international acclaim, with the likes of Pitchfork, The Guardian and BBC leading press plaudits. After extensive touring – including a series of UK/EU/US headlines, a full European run with Wilco, and a special guest performance with José González at New York's Bowery Ballroom – Hukkelberg released Blood From A Stone (2009). Notably Hukkelberg's darkest, most intimate album it generated steadfast press support and industry interest, including KCRW’s Chris Douridas and film director Andrew Adamson, who commissioned Hukkelberg for an original composition on The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian soundtrack. After relocating to New York City Hukkelberg released fourth album Featherbrain to similar acclaim in 2012. The album was hailed a "masterpiece" (The Sunday Times), with Hukkelberg's brazen confidence and steadfast individuality reaching "airtight, impeccable" standards (The Quietus). The corresponding album tour – yet another trans-Atlantic affair, including repeat-dates with Wilco – was followed by an extended live hiatus. In 2014 Hukkelberg temporarily returned to the studio to pursue a series of commissioned works – including a guest collab with Todd Terje and Bryan Ferry on Johnny and Mary. Hukkelberg's fifth studio album – Trust – was released by Propeller Recordings 20 October 2017. Hukkelberg's newest album, Birthmark, was released on 16 August 2019. Little Things Her debut album Little Things was released in Norway in 2004 with a subsequent worldwide release in June 2005 by Propeller Recordings in Norway and distributed by Sony Music in the United States. Little Things is notable for its eclectic array of instruments and its use of found sounds, such as bicycle spokes, dish brushes, wine glasses, and rain. The album earned enthusiastic reviews as critics lauded Hukkelberg for her originality and vocal ability. "Hanne Hukkelberg has delivered the kind of debut that heralds the arrival of a major new talent," said PopMatters. The Observer called the album "subtle and moving." The Sunday Times listed Little Things among the Records of the Year for 2005. Rykestraße 68 After the success of Little Things, Hukkelberg went to Berlin to compose songs for her next album. Rykestraße 68 was released in September 2006, and reviewers noted the expansion and maturation of Hukkelberg's talents. The album contained a cover of "Break My Body" by The Pixies which became a staple of Hukkelberg's live shows. Rykestraße 68 won Hukkelberg an Open Class category Spellemannprisen, the Norwegian equivalent of a Grammy, in 2006. Hukkelberg toured Europe extensively in support of Little Things and Rykestrasse 68, and her unconventional live shows featured her small combo playing assorted instruments and found objects. Often she would play a metal trash can lid with a drumstick; invariably there would be an upturned bicycle onstage so Hukkelberg could strum the spokes. Hukkelberg contributed a song, "Lucy," to the soundtrack of the film The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian in 2008. Blood from a Stone In 2009, Hukkelberg released Blood from a Stone. This album's guitar-heavy sound was a departure from the jazzy pop of her first two releases, recalling 80s alt-rock bands like The Pixies and Bettie Serveert as well as PJ Harvey. Although many reviews deplored the album's more straightforward approach, Pitchfork approved of the record as "a singer's album, highlighting Hukkelberg's voice above all else." The singer was nominated as a Female Artist for a Spellemannprisen in 2009 for Blood from a Stone. She also contributed vocals to Motorpsycho's 2009 album Heavy Metal Fruit. In early 2010, Hukkelberg toured Europe opening for Wilco. With a regular band behind her, Hukkelberg's live sets began to de-emphasize the surreal performance-art aspect of her earlier shows and rely more on conventional rock band interplay. Hukkelberg spent four months in New York City during 2010, playing solo gigs and composing material for her next album. Prior to her departure from New York in July, Hukkelberg made two brief trips to Norway to compete for an A-ha Talent Grant in June. She lost out to Shining, whose vocalist Jørgen Munkeby played reeds on Little Things. In 2011, Hukkelberg contributed vocals to Huntsville's For Flowers, Cars and Merry Wars CD. She also sang backup for Norwegian band Heroes & Zeros, on the track "Wistful Hands" from their 2011 CD Ghostly Kisses. Featherbrain Hukkelberg released Featherbrain, her fourth album, in February 2012. A less conventional-sounding record than the previous release, Featherbrain gained praise for returning Hukkelberg to her experimental aesthetic. "Hukkelberg’s brazen confidence swells within each song," remarked The Quietus. The BBC Review commended Hukkelberg for the "boldness" and "daring" she displays on the album, saying that "she has elevated herself to greater heights." After the release of Featherbrain, Hukkelberg toured Europe and the UK. She opened for Wilco in several European cities. Hukkelberg contributed a song to the Occupy This Album compilation released in May 2012 to support the Occupy movement. The MP3 release of the set featured a previously unreleased track called "On My Wall," an alternate version of "I Sing You" from Featherbrain. Trust Hukkelberg's fifth album Trust was released 20 October 2017 by Propeller Recordings. Birthmark Hukkelberg released her sixth album, Birthmark, on 16 August 2019. In her album she goes even more pop than she has before, inspired by a string of collaborations over the last few years with great songwriters and artists such as Emilie Nicolas, Highasakite and Bernhoft, as well as Todd Terje and Brian Ferry. The album was praised by the likes of BBC and Metro, stating it was "steadfast individuality" (BBC) and "no less than Epic" (Metro). The album was recorded in her studio in Oslo, but was very much inspired by her trips to big cities like Berlin, Munich, London and Los Angeles. The themes on Hukkelberg's album have a clear narrative and cover science, faith, love, loss and everyday life. Hukkelberg states, "I go from big existential matters to small everyday things on this album, just like in my own life. It’s about how I look at the world and how it is to live in it and all the relationships, troubles and joy this world can bring". Discography Albums Extended plays References External links Official Site Pitchfork review [ Allmusic overview] Interview on Platforms Magazine CD review and interview by Christian Bordal on NPR's Day to Day, (8/9/05) Interview RDB – Portuguese Webzine 1979 births Living people Norwegian songwriters Spellemannprisen winners Propeller Recordings artists Musicians from Kongsberg 21st-century Norwegian singers 21st-century Norwegian women singers Nettwerk Music Group artists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanne%20Hukkelberg
Washington House Bill 2661 is a Washington state law which bans employment, insurance and housing discrimination against LGBT individuals, passed by the Washington State Legislature on January 27, 2006, and signed into law by Governor Christine Gregoire four days later. The bill went into effect on June 8, 2006. Summary Expands the jurisdiction of the human rights commission to include sexual orientation and gender expression or identity as a basis for prohibiting discrimination. Adds definitions for sexual orientation and gender expression or identity to Washington's Law Against Discrimination. Exempts from Washington's Law Against Discrimination those real estate transactions that include the sharing, rental, or sublease of a dwelling unit when the dwelling unit is to be occupied by the owner or sublessor. See also Equal Rights Washington - key organization that pushed for its passage List of US ballot initiatives to repeal LGBT anti-discrimination laws References External links Washington State House Bill 2661 as passed legislature (PDF) Legislative History of Washington State House Bill 2661 Washington State House Bill 2661 Fiscal Notes LGBT law in the United States LGBT rights in the United States Washington (state) statutes 2006 in LGBT history LGBT in Washington (state) 2006 in American law 2006 in Washington (state)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20House%20Bill%202661
The following are the association football events of the year 1995 throughout the world. Events Copa Libertadores 1995: Won by Grêmio after defeating Atlético Nacional on an aggregate score of 4–2. January 18 – Guus Hiddink makes his debut as the manager of Netherlands national team with a friendly loss (0–1) against France. Two players make their debut as well: strikers Michael Mols (FC Twente) and Glenn Helder (Vitesse Arnhem). January 19 – Dutch club FC Zwolle names former goalkeeper Piet Schrijvers as their new manager to replace Ben Hendriks. January 25 – Eric Cantona, in an away match against Crystal Palace, he launched a 'kung-fu' style kick against an abusive Crystal Palace fan, Matthew Simmons, after being sent off by the referee for a tackle on Palace defender Richard Shaw. He then got up from his seat and left, leaving many of the assembled crowd bemused. One month later, he was sentenced to 120 hours of community service after an appeal court overturned a 2-week prison sentence for assault. He was also suspended by The Football Association until the following October. February 15 – English soccer hooligans, led by members of Combat 18, riot at Lansdowne Road during a friendly between the Republic of Ireland and England. The match, refereed by Dutchman Dick Jol, is abandoned. February 22 – Guus Hiddink loses his first match as the new head coach of the Netherlands national team; Portugal defeats the Netherlands in Eindhoven through a goal by Pedro Barbosa. March 29 – Bryan Roy plays his last international match for the Netherlands national team, earning his 32nd cap against Malta. May 20 – Everton claims the English FA Cup with a 1–0 win over Manchester United. May 24 – UEFA Champions League won by Ajax Amsterdam after defeating A.C. Milan in the Ernst Happel Stadium through a goal from Patrick Kluivert. June 7 – John van 't Schip plays his last international match for the Netherlands national team, earning his 41st cap against Belarus, while goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar makes his debut in the Euro 1996 qualifying match in Minsk. June 18 – In 2nd edition of FIFA Women's World Cup, Norway wins 2–0 over Germany August 16 – Ajax Amsterdam once again claims the Dutch Super Cup, the annual opening of the new season in the Eredivisie, this time by a 2–1 win in extra-time over Feyenoord Rotterdam. October 2 – Feyenoord Rotterdam fires manager Willem van Hanegem and names Arie Haan as his successor. November 20 – Manager Ronald Spelbos is fired by Dutch club Vitesse Arnhem and replaced by Frans Thijssen. November 28 – Ajax Amsterdam wins the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo, Japan by defeating Brazil's Grêmio after penalties: 4–3. The decisive penalty is scored by skipper Danny Blind. December 8 – Dutch club NEC Nijmegen fires Cees van Kooten and appoints Wim Koevermans. December 12 – The Lebanese national team beat Slovakia national football team 2 – 1 in a friendly match in Beirut. December 13 – The Netherlands national team qualifies for Euro 1996 by defeating the Republic of Ireland (2–0) in a play-off at Anfield Road, Liverpool. Both goals are scored by Patrick Kluivert. December 15 – The European Court of Justice makes the Bosman ruling, which means all footballers not under contract are free to move clubs without any economic compensation to their former club. A secondary result of the ruling means the abolition of the foreign player quotas, at least as they affect nationals of European Union member states. December 15 – Korean club Suwon Samsung Bluewings is officially founded. Winner club national championships Asia Japan – Yokohama F. Marinos Qatar – Al-Rayyan SC South Korea – Ilhwa Chunma Europe – Hajduk Split – Blackburn Rovers - Haka Valkeakoski – FC Nantes – Borussia Dortmund – Juventus – Netherlands Eredivisie – Ajax Amsterdam Eerste Divisie – Fortuna Sittard – FC Porto – Real Madrid – Beşiktaş – Dynamo Kyiv – Red Star Belgrade North America – Necaxa / – Seattle Sounders (APSL) South America Argentina Clausura – San Lorenzo Apertura – Vélez Sársfield Bolivia – San José Brazil – Botafogo Chile – Universidad de Chile Paraguay – Olimpia Asunción – Sporting Cristal International tournaments FIFA Women's World Cup in Sweden Baltic Cup in Riga, Latvia Canada Cup in Edmonton, Canada Copa América in Uruguay Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina FIFA U-20 World Cup in Qatar FIFA U-17 World Championship in Ecuador UNCAF Nations Cup in San Salvador, El Salvador National team results Europe Births 3 January: Muhammed Demirci, Turkish footballer 4 January: Muhammad Tahir, Indonesian footballer Adam Webster, English footballer 15 January: Sinan Bytyqi, Albanian professional footballer 20 January: Sergi Samper, Spanish footballer 30 January: Marcos Llorente, Spanish footballer 7 February: Shani Tarashaj, Swiss footballer 8 February: Joshua Kimmich, German footballer Zakarie Labidi, French footballer 14 February: Diego Fagúndez, Uruguayan footballer 18 February: Nathan Aké, Dutch footballer 20 February: Stef Vervoort, Belgian professional footballer 25 March: Nataniel de Jesus Reis, East Timorese international footballer 6 March: Utam Rusdiana, Indonesian footballer 13 March: Evan Dimas, Indonesian footballer 13 March: Héctor Bellerín, Spanish international 1 June: Carlos Castro García, Spanish footballer 18 June: Peter Dimitrovski, Slovenian footballer 23 June: Kristopher Vida, Hungarian footballer 25 June: Andriy Markovych, Ukrainian footballer 1 July James Hamon, Guernsey-born footballer Pedro Ribeiro, Portuguese footballer Ryuji Utomo, Indonesian footballer 2 July: James Davis Borikó, Equatoguinean international footballer 5 July: Baily Cargill, English footballer 6 July: Robert Obst, Polish footballer Mario López Quintana, Paraguayan footballer 11 July: Vitali Lystsov, Russian youth international Nikita Khaykin, Israeli youth international 12 July: Bernard Donovan, Zimbabwean international footballer 12 August: Roman Artemuk, professional Ukrainian footballer 24 August: Yves Nyami, DR Congolese footballer 10 September: Jack Grealish, English footballer 15 September: David Raya, Spanish footballer 18 September: Max Meyer, German footballer Matt Targett, English footballer 22 September: Mona-Sophie Kohn, Austrian footballer 3 October: Simonas Stankevičius, Lithuanian international footballer 9 October: Kenny Tete, Dutch International footballer 18 October: Rui Caniço, Portuguese footballer 20 November: Théo Bongonda, Belgian youth international 7 December: Santi Mina, Spanish footballer 8 December: Jordon Ibe, English footballer Deaths February February 23 – Sergio Bertoni, Italian striker, winner of the 1938 FIFA World Cup. (79) March March 20 - Werner Liebrich, German international footballer (born 1927) April April 22 – Carlo Ceresoli, Italian goalkeeper, winner of the 1938 FIFA World Cup. (84) May May 6 – Noel Brotherston (38), Northern Irish footballer May 30 – Ted Drake (83), English footballer May 30 – Bobby Stokes (44), English footballer September September 15 – Gunnar Nordahl (74), Swedish international footballer September 15 – Dirceu, Brazilian midfielder, included in the World Cup All-Star Team at the 1978 FIFA World Cup . (43 ; car crash) September 28 – Albert Johanneson (55), South African footballer October October 7 – Emanuele Del Vecchio, Brazilian forward, Brazilian squad member at the 1956 South American Championship. (61) December December 24 – Carlos Lapetra (57), Spanish footballer Movies The Big Green (USA) References Association football by year	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20in%20association%20football
Ward LeRoy Churchill (born October 2, 1947) is an American author and political activist. He was a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1990 until 2007. The primary focus of his work is on the historical treatment of political dissenters and Native Americans by the United States government. His work features controversial views, written in a direct, often confrontational style. While Churchill has claimed Native American ancestry, genealogical research has failed to unearth such ancestry and he is not a member of a tribe. In January 2005, Churchill's 2001 essay "On the Justice of Roosting Chickens" gained attention. In the work, he argued the September 11 attacks were a natural and unavoidable consequence of unlawful U.S. foreign policy over the latter half of the 20th century; the essay is known for Churchill's use of the phrase "little Eichmanns" to describe the "technocratic corps" working in the World Trade Center. In March 2005, the University of Colorado began investigating allegations that Churchill had engaged in research misconduct. Churchill was fired on July 24, 2007. Churchill filed a lawsuit against the University of Colorado for unlawful termination of employment. In April 2009 a Denver jury found that Churchill was unjustly fired, awarding him $1 in damages. In July 2009, however, a District Court judge vacated the monetary award and declined Churchill's request to order his reinstatement, holding that the university had "quasi-judicial immunity". Churchill's appeals of this decision were unsuccessful. Early life and education Churchill was born in Urbana, Illinois, to Jack LeRoy Churchill and Maralyn Lucretia Allen. His parents divorced before he was two, and he grew up in Elmwood, where he attended local schools. In 1966, he was drafted into the United States Army. On his 1980 resume, he claimed to have served as a public-information specialist who "wrote and edited the battalion newsletter and wrote news releases." In a 1987 profile in the Denver Post, Churchill claimed to have attended paratrooper school, and volunteered for a 10-month stint on Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol in Vietnam. Churchill also claimed to have spent time at the Chicago office of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), and provided firearms and explosives training to members of the Weather Underground. In 2005, the Denver Post reported on fabrications in Churchill's service record. Department of Defense personnel files showed that Churchill was trained as a film projectionist and light truck driver, but they do not reflect paratrooper school or LRRP training. Churchill received his B.A. in technological communications in 1974 and M.A. in communications theory in 1975, both from Sangamon State University (now the University of Illinois at Springfield). Career Teaching In 1978, Churchill began working at the University of Colorado Boulder as an affirmative action officer in the university administration. He also lectured on issues relating to Native Americans in the United States in the ethnic studies program. In 1990, the University of Colorado hired him as an associate professor, although he did not possess the academic doctorate usually required for the position. The following year he was granted tenure in the Communications department, without the usual six-year probationary period, after having been declined by the Sociology and Political Science departments. Churchill has long been interested in issues associated with the Dawes Act, which broke up the communal reservation lands and assigned plots to individual households. Connected with that was the federal government's first use of "blood quantum" to define individual membership in tribes, for what became known as the Dawes Rolls. Since re-establishing self-governments, federally recognized tribes have established their own criteria for enrollment as members, often related to descent from recognized historical lists, but less often requiring proofs of blood quantum. Some of his published works address these issues, which he has interpreted as part of the federal government's policy of genocide against Native Americans. In 1994, then CU-Boulder Chancellor James Corbridge refused to take action on allegations that Churchill was fraudulently claiming to be an Indian, saying "it has always been university policy that a person's race or ethnicity is self-proving." In 1996, Churchill moved to the new Ethnic Studies Department of the University of Colorado. In 1997, he was promoted to full professor. He was selected as chairman of the department in June 2002. Documents in Churchill's university personnel file show that Churchill was granted tenure in a "special opportunity position". In January 2005, during the controversy over his 9/11 remarks, Churchill resigned as chairman of the ethnic studies department at the University of Colorado — his term as chair was scheduled to expire in June of that year. In 2005, the University of Colorado's Research Misconduct Committee conducted a preliminary investigation into whether Churchill misrepresented his ethnicity to "add credibility and public acceptance to his scholarship". The committee concluded that the allegation was not "appropriate for further investigation under the definition of research misconduct". The university has said that it does not hire on the basis of ethnicity. On May 16, 2006, the Investigative Committee of the Standing Committee on Research Misconduct at the University of Colorado concluded that Churchill had committed multiple counts of academic misconduct, specifically plagiarism, fabrication, and falsification. On July 24, 2007, Churchill was fired for academic misconduct in an eight to one vote by the University of Colorado's Board of Regents. Research misconduct investigation The controversy attracted increased academic scrutiny of Churchill's research, the quality of which had already been seriously questioned by the legal scholar John LaVelle and historian Guenter Lewy. Additional critics were the sociologist Thomas Brown, who had been preparing an article on Churchill's work, and the historians R. G. Robertson and Russell Thornton, who said that Churchill had misrepresented their work. In 2005, University of Colorado Boulder administrators ordered an investigation into seven allegations of research misconduct, including three allegations of plagiarism, and four allegations of fabrication or falsification regarding the history of the Dawes Act, the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, and repeated claims that smallpox was intentionally spread to Native Americans by John Smith in 1614 and by the United States Army at Fort Clark in 1837. On May 16, 2006, the university released its findings; the Investigative Committee unanimously concluded that Churchill had engaged in "serious research misconduct", including falsification, fabrication, and two of the three allegations of plagiarism. The committee was divided on the appropriate level of sanctions. The Standing Committee on Research Misconduct accepted the findings of the Investigative Committee but also disagreed on what sanctions should be imposed. Churchill's appeal against his proposed dismissal was considered by a panel of the university's Privilege and Tenure Committee, which found that two of the seven findings of misconduct did not constitute dismissible offenses. Three members recommended that the penalty should be demotion and one year's suspension without pay, while two favored dismissal. On July 24, 2007, the university regents voted seven to two to uphold all seven of the findings of research misconduct, overruling the recommendation of Privilege and Tenure panel that two be dismissed. The regents voted eight to one to fire Churchill. The next day, Churchill filed a lawsuit in state court claiming that the firing was retribution for his expressing politically unpopular views. The jury in Churchill's suit for reinstatement weighed the university's claims of academic misconduct per jury instructions it received in the case. On April 1, 2009, the jury found that Churchill had been wrongly fired, and awarded $1 in damages. On July 7, 2009, Judge Naves found that the defendants (university) were entitled to quasi-judicial immunity as a matter of law, vacated the jury verdict and determined that the university did not owe Churchill any financial compensation. Churchill appealed, but Judge Naves's decision was upheld by a three-judge panel of the Colorado Court of Appeals and by the Colorado Supreme Court. On April 1, 2013, the United States Supreme Court declined to hear Churchill's case. A report by the Colorado Committee to Protect Faculty Rights of the Colorado Conference of the American Association of University Professors investigating academic freedom at the University of Colorado - Boulder determined that Ward Churchill's termination was unjustified. Writing Churchill has written on American Indian history and culture, and the genocide inflicted on the indigenous people of the Americas by European-American settlers and the ongoing repression of native peoples. According to the University of Colorado investigation, Churchill's academic publications "are nearly all works of synthesis and reinterpretation, drawing upon studies by other scholars, not monographs describing new research based on primary sources." The investigation also noted that "he has decided to publish largely in alternative presses or journals, not in the university presses or mainstream peer-reviewed journals often favored by more conventional academics." Historian Gavriel Rosenfeld criticized Churchill for "numerous errors reflecting sloppy or hasty scholarship". In 1986, Churchill wrote the essay "Pacifism as Pathology: Notes on an American Pseudopraxis" criticizing pacifist politics within the U.S. left as being hypocritical, de facto racist and ineffectual. In 1998, Arbeiter Ring Publishing published the essay in a book entitled Pacifism as Pathology: Reflections on the Role of Armed Struggle in North America, listing Ward Churchill as the author. The book included a preface by Ed Mead (of the George Jackson Brigade), a new introduction to the essay by Churchill and a commentary by Michael Ryan. The book sparked much debate in leftist circles and inspired more aggressive tactics within the anti-globalization movement in the following few years. George Lakey, a co-founder of the pacifist Movement for a New Society, published a detailed response in 2001 titled "Nonviolent Action as the Sword that Heals: Challenging Ward Churchill's 'Pacifism As Pathology. The 2007 edition published by AK Press includes a preface by Derrick Jensen. A third edition was published in 2017 by PM Press with updates by Churchill and Ryan, and a foreword by Dylan Rodríguez. Agents of Repression (1988), co-authored by Jim Vander Wall, describes what the authors said was a secret war against the Black Panther Party and American Indian Movement carried out during the late 1960s and '70s by the FBI under the COINTELPRO program. The COINTELPRO Papers (1990; reissued 2002), also co-authored with Vander Wall, examines a series of original FBI memos that detail the Bureau's activities against various leftist groups, from the U.S. Communist Party in the 1950s to activists concerned with Central American issues in the 1980s. In Fantasies of the Master Race (1992), Churchill examines the portrayal of American Indians and the use of American Indian symbols in popular American culture. He focuses on such phenomena as Tony Hillerman's mystery novels, the film Dances with Wolves (1990), and the New Age movement, finding examples of cultural imperialism and exploitation. Churchill calls author Carlos Castaneda's claims of revealing the teachings of a Yaqui Indian shaman, the "greatest hoax since Piltdown Man". Struggle for the Land (1993; reissued 2002) is a collection of essays in which Churchill chronicles what he describes as the U.S. government's systematic exploitation of Native lands and the killing or displacement of American Indians. He details Native American efforts in the 19th and 20th centuries to prevent deforestation and industrial practices such as surface mining. Churchill's Indians Are Us? (1994), a sequel to Fantasies of the Master Race, further explores Native American issues in popular culture and politics. He examines the movie Black Robe, the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation killings, the prosecution of Leonard Peltier, sports mascots, the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, and blood quantum laws, calling them tools of genocide. Churchill is particularly outspoken about New Age exploitations of shamanism and American Indian sacred traditions, and the "do-it-yourself Indianism" of certain contemporary authors. John P. LaVelle of the University of New Mexico School of Law published a review of Indians Are Us? in The American Indian Quarterly. Professor LaVelle, an enrolled member of the Santee Sioux Nation, states that Indians Are Us? twists historical facts and is hostile toward Indian tribes. It was in this book that Churchill first made the assertion that the United States distributed "smallpox-infested blankets" to Indian tribes, an assertion which he repeated several times over the next decade. The assertion has been criticized as a falsification. From a Native Son: Selected Essays on Indigenism, 1985–1995 (1996) is a collection of 23 previously published essays on Native American history, culture, and political activism. In his introduction to this book, Howard Zinn lauds "the emergence of a new generation of Native-American scholars" and describes Churchill's writing as "powerful, eloquent, unsparing of cant and deception". Churchill's A Little Matter of Genocide (1997) is a survey of ethnic cleansing in the Americas from 1492 to the present. He compares the treatment of North American Indians to historical instances of genocide by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, the Turks against Armenians, and Europeans against the Gypsies, as well as Nazis against the Poles and the Jews. In Perversions of Justice (2002), Churchill argues that the U.S.'s legal system was adapted to gain control over Native American people. Tracing the evolution of federal Indian law, Churchill argues that the principles set forth were not only applied to non-Indians in the U.S., but later adapted for application abroad. He concludes that this demonstrates the development of the U.S.'s "imperial logic", which depends on a "corrupt form of legalism" to establish colonial control and empire. Churchill's controversial essay on 9/11 was expanded into a book-length manuscript, published as On the Justice of Roosting Chickens: Reflections on the Consequences of U.S. Imperial Arrogance and Criminality (2003) by AK Press. The book features two other chapters, one listing US military interventions, another listing what Churchill believes to be US violations of international law. The original essay takes the "roosting chickens" of the title from a 1963 Malcolm X speech, in which Malcolm X linked the assassination of U.S. president John F. Kennedy to the violence which Kennedy perpetuated as "merely a case of chickens coming home to roost". Churchill's essays in this book address the worldwide forms of resistance that he posits were and continue to be provoked by U.S. imperialism of the 20th and 21st centuries. In Kill the Indian, Save the Man: The Genocidal Impact of American Indian Residential Schools (2004), Churchill traces the history of removing American Indian children from their homes to residential schools (in Canada) or Indian boarding schools (in the USA) as part of government policies (1880s–1980s) which he regards as genocidal. Activism Churchill has been active since at least 1984 as the co-director of the Denver-based American Indian Movement of Colorado, now an autonomous chapter of the American Indian Movement. In 1993, he and other local AIM leaders, including Russell Means, Glenn T. Morris, Robert Robideau, and David Hill, broke with the national AIM leadership, including Dennis Banks and the brothers Vernon and Clyde Bellecourt, claiming that all AIM chapters are autonomous. The AIM Grand Governing Council is based in Minneapolis and retains the name of the national group. It says that the schism arose when Means, Churchill, Glenn T. Morris and others openly supported the Miskito Indian group Misurasata, who were allied with the anti-revolutionary, CIA-backed Contras. Journalists such as Harlan McKosato attributed the split to Means and other AIM members dividing over opposition to the Bellecourt brothers because of their alleged involvement in the execution of Anna Mae Aquash in December 1975, who was then the highest-ranking woman in AIM but had been suspected of being an informant. It was a year in which other FBI informants had been discovered in AIM. On November 3, 1999, Means held a press conference in Denver, Colorado in which he accused the Bellecourt brothers of complicity in Aquash's death, and named three lower-level AIM members involved in her death: Arlo Looking Cloud, John Graham, and Theda Nelson Clarke. This was the first time that an AIM leader active at the time of the Aquash murder had publicly accused AIM of having been involved. Looking Cloud and Graham were convicted of Aquash's murder in 2004 and 2010, by federal and South Dakota state juries, respectively. By then Clark was being cared for in a nursing home and was not indicted. Means attributed the split in AIM to divisions in the aftermath of Aquash's murder. The journalist Harlan McKosato said in 1999, "...her [Aquash's] death has divided the American Indian Movement..." The schism continued, with the national AIM leadership claiming that the local AIM leaders, such as Churchill, are tools of the U.S. government used against other American Indians. The leaders of the national AIM organization, now called AIM Grand Governing Council, claim that Churchill has worked in the past as an underground counter-intelligence source for the U.S. government, for example the FBI, and local, non-Indian, police forces, to subvert the national AIM organization. Specifically, they refer to a 1993 Boulder, Colorado interview with Jodi Rave, a former columnist for the Denver Post, in which Churchill stated that he "was teaching the Rapid City Police Department about the American Indian Movement." In addition, Vernon Bellecourt accused Churchill of having 'fraudulently represented himself as an Indian' to bolster his credentials. Bellecourt said he complained to the University of Colorado about this as early as 1986. Churchill has been a leader of Colorado AIM's annual protests in Denver against the Columbus Day holiday and its associated parade. Colorado AIM's leadership has come into conflict with some leaders in the Denver Italian-American community, the main supporters of the parade. 9/11 essay controversy Churchill wrote an essay in September 2001 entitled On the Justice of Roosting Chickens. In it, he argued that the September 11 attacks were provoked by U.S. foreign policy. He described the role of financial workers at the World Trade Center as an "ongoing genocidal American imperialism" comparable to the role played by Adolf Eichmann in organizing the Holocaust. In 2005, this essay drew attention after Hamilton College invited Churchill to speak. This led to both condemnations of Churchill and counter-accusations of McCarthyism by Churchill and his supporters. Following the controversy, the University of Colorado interim Chancellor Phil DiStefano said, "While Professor Churchill has the constitutional right to express his political views, his essay on 9/11 has outraged and appalled us and the general public." A documentary called Shouting Fire: Stories from the Edge of Free Speech, broadcast on HBO, prominently features Churchill's case in addressing the issues of free speech and First Amendment rights. Honors Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, Alfred University, 1992. Art Churchill's subjects are often American Indian figures and other themes associated with Native American Culture. He uses historical photographs as source material for works. In the early 1990s at Santa Fe Indian Market, Churchill protested the passage of the 1990 Indian Arts and Crafts Act. It requires that, to identify and exhibit works as being by a Native American, artists and craftsmen must be enrolled in a Native American tribe or designated by a tribe as an artisan. Some of Churchill's pieces may infringe copyrights. For example, his 1981 serigraph Winter Attack was, according to Churchill and others, based on a 1972 drawing by the artist Thomas E. Mails. Churchill printed 150 copies of Winter Attack and sold at least one of them. Other copies are available online for purchase. Churchill says that, when he produced Winter Attack, he publicly acknowledged that it was based on Mails's work. The online journal Artnet mentions Churchill's artwork and the controversy surrounding its originality. Personal life In 1977, Churchill began living with Dora-Lee Larson. The relationship was later described in divorce documents as a common-law marriage. Larson filed for divorce in 1984 and asked to have her address kept secret because of “past violence and threats” from Churchill. Churchill later married Marie Annette Jaimes, who also worked at the University of Colorado. Their marriage ended in 1995. Churchill's third wife was Leah Kelly. On May 31, 2000, the 25-year-old Kelly was hit by a car and killed. Churchill has written that Kelly's death left a "crater" in his soul. As of 2005, Churchill was married to Natsu Saito, a professor of ethnic studies. Genealogy In 2003, Churchill stated, "I am myself of Muscogee and Creek descent on my father's side, Cherokee on my mother's, and am an enrolled member of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians." In 1992, Churchill wrote elsewhere that he is one-eighth Creek and one-sixteenth Cherokee. In 1993, Churchill told the Colorado Daily that "he was one-sixteenth Creek and Cherokee." Churchill told the Denver Post in February 2005 that he is three-sixteenths Cherokee. In a statement dated May 9, 2005, and posted on its website, the United Keetoowah Band said: "The United Keetoowah Band would like to make it clear that Mr. Churchill is not a member of the Keetoowah Band and was only given an honorary 'associate membership' in the early 1990s because he could not prove any Cherokee ancestry". The Band added that Churchill's claims of Keetoowah enrollment were deemed fraudulent by the United Keetoowah Band. Two days later, the United Keetoowah Band replaced its earlier statement with the following: "Because Mr. Churchill had genealogical information regarding his alleged ancestry", and because he was willing "to assist the UKB in promoting the tribe and its causes, he was awarded an 'Associate Membership' as an honor". The Band clarified that Churchill "was not eligible for tribal membership due to the fact that he does not possess a 'Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood (CDIB)", and added that associate membership did not entitle an individual to voting rights or enrollment in the tribe. The Band's spokesperson, Lisa Stopp, stated the tribe enrolls only members with certified one-quarter American Indian blood. While the United Keetoowah Band voted to stop awarding associate memberships in 1994, the Band indicated in 2005 that Churchill still held an associate membership. In a separate interview, Ernestine Berry, a member of the tribe's council and a former member of its enrollment committee, said that Churchill had never fulfilled a promise to help the tribe. Churchill has never asked for CDIB certification, and has said that he finds the idea of being "vetted" by the US government offensive. In June 2005, the Rocky Mountain News published an article about Churchill's genealogy and family history. The newspaper's research "turned up no evidence of a single Indian ancestor" among 142 direct ancestors [of Churchill's] identified from records. The News reported that both Churchill's birth parents were listed as white on the 1930 census, as were all but two of his great-great-grandparents listed on previous census and other official documents. The News found that some of Churchill's accounts of where his ancestors had lived did not agree with documented records. Nevertheless, numerous members of Churchill's extended family have longstanding family legends of Indian ancestry among ancestors. Some of Churchill's Native American critics, such as Vernon Bellecourt (White Earth Ojibwe) and Suzan Shown Harjo (Southern Cheyenne-Muscogee Creek), argue that without proof, his assertion of Native American ancestry might constitute misrepresentation and grounds for termination. In a 2005 interview in The Rocky Mountain News, Churchill said, "I have never been confirmed as having one-quarter blood, and never said I was. And even if [the critics] are absolutely right, what does that have to do with this issue? I have never claimed to be goddamned Sitting Bull." Blood quantum Churchill has responded to requests for verification of his asserted Indian heritage in various ways, including attacking the blood quantum upon which some Native American tribes establish their membership requirements. Churchill argues that the United States instituted blood quantum laws based upon rules of descendancy in order to further goals of personal enrichment and political expediency. In 1995, Churchill discussed his views on the blood quantum with David Barsamian in an interview: For decades in his writings, Churchill has argued that blood quantum laws have an inherent genocidal purpose. He says: Churchill's assertions have been raised as one of the several research-misconduct allegations that were brought against him in 2005 . He has been accused of using his interpretation of the Dawes Act to attack tribal governments that would not recognize him as a member. Works Books, as editor Re-released as Books, as author and co-author Re-released as Revised and expanded edition: Articles First published as "Crimes Against Humanity" in Also published under the titles "The Indian Chant and the Tomahawk Chop" and "Using Indian Names as Mascots Harms Native Americans". Audio and video Doing Time: The Politics of Imprisonment, audio CD of a lecture, recorded at the Doing Time Conference at the University of Winnipeg, September 2000 (AK Press, 2001, ) Life in Occupied America (AK Press, 2003, ) In a Pig's Eye: Reflections on the Police State, Repression, and Native America (AK Press, 2002, ) US Off the Planet!: An Evening In Eugene With Ward Churchill And Chellis Glendinning, VHS video recorded July 17, 2001 (Cascadia Media Collective, 2002) Pacifism and Pathology in the American Left, 2003 audio CD recorded at an AK Press warehouse in Oakland (AK Press Audio) Z Mag Ward Churchill Audio August 10, 2003 and earlier Churchill Speaks About Academic Freedom – Free Speech Radio News February 9, 2005 Ward Churchill Under Fire – Free Speech Radio News, February 3, 2005. The Justice of Roosting Chickens: Ward Churchill Speaks The Pacifica Network Show, Democracy Now! from February 18, 2005, features extended Audio/Video exclusive interview with Churchill. "A Little Matter of Genocide: Linking U.S. Aggression Abroad to the Domestic Repression of Indigenous Peoples", recorded in North Battleford, Saskatchewan, on March 19, 2005 Debate with David Horowitz and Ward Churchill at George Washington University April 6, 2006 Video and audio (excerpt) See also List of scientific misconduct incidents Pretendian References Further reading Brown, Thomas. "Did the U.S. Army Distribute Smallpox Blankets to Indians? Fabrication and Falsification in Ward Churchill's Genocide Rhetoric" University of Michigan, 2006. (PDF version also available.) Chapman, Roger. Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2010. . Croteau, Susan Ann. "But it doesn't look Indian": Objects, archetypes and objectified others in Native American art, culture, and identity. University of California, Los Angeles, 2008. 1947 births Living people 20th-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American non-fiction writers Alternative Tentacles artists Activists from Illinois American male essayists American non-fiction environmental writers American political writers G7 Welcoming Committee Records artists American people who self-identify as being of Cherokee descent Members of the American Indian Movement People from Elmwood, Illinois People involved in plagiarism controversies Scholars of Marxism University of Colorado Boulder faculty University of Illinois at Springfield alumni Writers from Urbana, Illinois 21st-century American male writers American people who self-identify as being of Muscogee descent Academic scandals	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward%20Churchill
Newtown () is a community within the parish of Santon, Isle of Man. To the northern part of the community lies Mount Murray and to the north-west the Broogh Fort () - an Iron Age fort dating from the 13th century. Villages in the Isle of Man	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtown%2C%20Isle%20of%20Man
Pseudotrillium is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. Its sole species, Pseudotrillium rivale, is commonly known as the brook wakerobin. It is endemic to the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California. The Latin specific epithet rivale means “growing by streams”, with reference to a preferred habitat. Description Pseudotrillium rivale is a perennial, herbaceous, flowering plant that persists by means of an underground rhizome. In general appearance, it is similar to a Trillium (and at one time, it belonged to that genus). It has a whorl of three bracts (leaves) and a single trimerous flower with three sepals, three petals, two whorls of three stamens each, and three carpels (fused into a single ovary with three stigmas). It differs from Trillium in that it has spotted petals, leathery leaves with a cordate base, and a continuously elongating pedicel. At the onset of anthesis, the pedicel rises above the leaves, but once the flower is pollinated, the pedicel elongates and declines below the leaves. Pseudotrillium rivale grows up to tall. The lance-shaped leaves are up to long with leaf stalks (called petioles) in length. The leaves are glossy blue-green with conspicuous silvery veins. The plant has a nodding, non-fragrant flower on a pedicel long. The flower has green sepals and pink-blushed white petals up to long and wide. Taxonomy Pseudotrillium rivale was first described as Trillium rivale by American botanist Sereno Watson in 1885. Its type specimen was collected in 1880 at Big Flat in the Siskiyou Mountains, thirty miles east of Crescent City, California. Watson compared the new species to the eastern Trillium nivale, "which it much resembles in habit." Presumably he was referring to the tendency of the pedicel to decline below the leaves after pollination, a common habit of both species. Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic evidence, Trillium rivale was segregated into a monotypic genus by Susan B. Farmer in 2002. For this purpose, Farmer simultaneously described the taxa Pseudotrillium and Pseudotrillium rivale. , the name Pseudotrillium rivale is widely recognized. Pseudotrillium is a member of tribe Parideae. It is sister to the remainder of Parideae, a clade that includes Paris and Trillium. Based on molecular phylogenetic studies, Pseudotrillium rivale is the first diverging (basal) branch of Parideae, a result that is well supported. Historically, studies that omit this taxon have given strikingly different results, suggesting that "Pseudotrillium could hold the key to phylogenetic studies" of Parideae. Distribution Pseudotrillium rivale is endemic to the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon (Josephine, Coos, Douglas, and Curry counties) and northern California (Siskiyou and Del Norte counties), usually on soils of ultramafic origin, such as serpentine. California plants, growing in a dense damp woods, are larger than Oregon plants in all respects with a strong tendency to produce colored flowers. In contrast, Oregon plants found in dry open woods are tiny plants with freckled white flowers. Ecology Pseudotrillium rivale flowers April to June, with northern California plants flowering somewhat later than those in Oregon. At higher elevations, the onset of flowering may be delayed until early May. After flowering, the entire plant may enlarge and become more robust and turgid with very glossy leaves. Initially the pedicel is of moderate length but it soon begins to lengthen and twist in a most unusual way. If fertilization is successful, the pedicel arches downward so that the fruit comes in contact with the soil. By mid-July, the entire plant withers and goes dormant. Uses Under its former name, Trillium rivale, this plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Hardy down to , it requires a sheltered position in partial or full shade. References Bibliography External links Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California: Trillium rivale Flora of the Klamath Mountains Flora of California Flora of Oregon Monotypic Liliales genera Melanthiaceae genera Plants described in 1885	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudotrillium
The Mirny Station (, literally Peaceful) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) first Antarctic science station located in Queen Mary Land, Antarctica, on the Antarctic coast of the Davis Sea. The station is managed by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and was named after the support vessel Mirny captained by Mikhail Lazarev during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition, led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen on Vostok. Mirny Station was damaged by a fire on Sunday 21 June 2020. Purpose and facilities The station was opened on February 13, 1956, by the 1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition. It was originally used as main base for the Vostok Station located from the coast, this function is now served by Progress Station. In summer, it hosts up to 50 people in 30 buildings, in winter about 40-50 scientists and technicians. The average temperature at the location is , and on more than 200 days per year the wind is stronger than , with occasional cyclones. Main areas of research are glaciology, seismology, meteorology, observation of polar lights, cosmic radiation, and marine biology. Historic monuments Some south of the station stands a metal stele with an inscribed plaque. It was erected on a sledge on the land transport route between coastal Mirny and inland Vostok Station. It commemorates Anatoly Shcheglov, a driver-mechanic who died while performing his duties. It has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 8) following a proposal by Russia to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Other similarly designated historic sites in the vicinity of Mirny are Ivan Khmara's Stone (HSM 7) and the Buromskiy Island Cemetery (HSM 9), both on Buromskiy Island north of the station. Climate Mirny Station has an ice cap climate, since all months are below . Although, it is heavily influenced by the glacial nature of Antarctica's interior, it retains a strong maritime influence, resulting in high annual snowfall. Summers however, are sunny and dry, reflecting a mediterranean precipitation pattern, in spite of its poleward latitude and cold temperatures. Summer see highs approaching on average, whereas winters are stable just below means for several months. Due to its coastal location and the fact that summer temperatures sometimes rise above freezing, limited plant and animal life flourishes during summer (December, January, February). See also List of Antarctic research stations List of Antarctic field camps References External links AARI Mirny Station page Official website Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute COMNAP Antarctic Facilities () COMNAP Antarctic Facilities Map () 1956 establishments in Antarctica Outposts of Antarctica Russia and the Antarctic Soviet Union and the Antarctic Outposts of Queen Mary Land	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirny%20Station
EIU may refer to: Eastern Illinois University, in Charleston, Illinois, United States Economist Intelligence Unit, a British research and advisory company Eurasia International University, in Yerevan, Armenia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIU
Elections to the offices of President and Vice-President of Fiji took place on 8 March 2006, when the Great Council of Chiefs met as an electoral college at the Tradewinds Convention Centre in Lami. The Great Council re-elected President Ratu Josefa Iloilo (who had recently turned 85) and Vice-President Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi to another five-year term. Iloilo's retirement plans Speaking on condition of anonymity, a member of President Iloilo's family told the Fiji Times on 29 November 2005 that he did not intend to seek another term when his present term ended on 13 March 2006. The family member said that the President had already hinted of his plans during a speech at the 2005 Fiji Business Excellence Awards in Nadi, in which he said it might be his last official function. His plans to retire were motivated not by concerns about his health, but by his desire to spend more time with his family and tribe, of which he is the Paramount Chief, the source said. Great Council of Chiefs Chairman Ratu Ovini Bokini said that the Great Council had received no official notice of any retirement plans. The President's official secretary, Rupeni Nacewa, Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, and Ratu Jeremaia Tavaiqia, a relative of the President, also said that they had not been informed of any such intention. On 20 December 2005, Commodore Frank Bainimarama, the Commander of Fiji's Military forces, told a parade that President Iloilo would in fact be retiring in 2006. The president's office confirmed on 11 January 2006 that the President did intend to retire in March, following a tour of the Middle East. The Vice President, Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi, who already performs many of the President's official functions, is considered a likely successor. Ratu Ovini Bokini said on 17 January 2006, however, that the Great Council of Chiefs had yet to be notified of any such decision. Iloilo reconsiders On 2 February 2006, the office of the Great Council of Chiefs announced that Iloilo had indicated his willingness to serve for another term, defying months of speculation about his imminent retirement. The announcement was welcomed by Rev. Akuila Yabaki of the Citizens Constitutional Forum, a human rights organization. President Iloilo and Vice-President Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi were a "formidable partnership" which gave many citizens a sense of security in a time of uncertainty, Yabaki said. Military spokesman Captain Neumi Leweni spoke out on 7 February to deny rumours, reported on Radio Gold, that the Military Commander, Commodore Frank Bainimarama, had pressured the President into offering himself for reappointment despite his advanced age and ambiguous health. The Military had not been involved in any way, Leweni said. National Alliance Party (NAPF) President Ratu Epeli Ganilau, a former Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs, said on 7 February that the Great Council should be left in peace to make its decision, which should be fully respected, as it was their prerogative to choose the President. Comments from certain individuals, whom he did not identify, had been disrespectful, he said. His sentiments were shared by Pramod Rae, General Secretary of the National Federation Party (NFP), and by Ratu Josateki Nawalowalo, Chairman of the Kadavu Provincial Council, who was quoted by the Fiji Times on 10 February as saying that the chiefs must be allowed to decide the matter, in their wisdom, without interference. Military concerns On 10 February, Captain Leweni warned that as the President is constitutionally the Commander-in-Chief of the Military, they would not allow any chief implicated in the 2000 coup to be appointed to this position. The Military reiterated this stance on 16 February, following a Fiji Television report that a prominent chief with links to the 2000 coup was being considered for the post of vice-president. Fiji Village identified this chief as Ratu Jope Seniloli, the former vice-president who resigned in disgrace in November 2004 following his conviction on coup-related offences. Several Tailevu chiefs were reportedly campaigning for his reinstatement. Great Council of Chiefs Chairman Ratu Ovini Bokini was quoted by Fiji Village on 22 February that the Great Council did not have the authority to reject any nomination. Seniloli himself, however, revealed that he was not eligible for reinstatement, as he was still technically serving his prison sentence extramurally. Fiji Village reported on 23 February 2006 that some chiefs wished to nominate Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu, the Tui Cakau (Paramount Chief of Tovata) for the office of President or Vice-President. Lalabalavu, who was also Fiji's Minister for Transport, served an eight-month prison sentence (most of it extramurally) in 2005 for his role in an army mutiny) connected with the coup. Although the contents were not revealed, the Fiji Sun claimed on 21 February that the Military had sent a seven-page letter to President Iloilo, threatening to invoke the "Doctrine of necessity" if a coup-convict was appointed president or vice-president. The next day, Captain Leweni said that with an incumbent president and vice-president willing to serve for another term, it would be "pointless" to nominate anyone else. Rabukawaqa reiterated this stance on 22 February, but denied knowledge of the seven-page letter alleged to have been sent. According to Fiji Live, Attorney-General Qoriniasi Bale revealed on 23 February that the Constitution is silent on whether persons convicted of criminal offences are eligible to hold public office. Fiji Live quoted Rabukawaqa on 24 February as reiterating the Military's opposition to any coup convict being appointed president or vice-president. He strongly criticized Attorney-General Qoriniasi Bale for saying that there was no constitutional bar to an ex-convict holding the Presidency or Vice-Presidency, but denied that the Military had threatened to use the Doctrine of Necessity should such a scenario occur. In another Fiji Live report on 7 March, Rabukawaqa called on the Military to make a wise choice. "Our concern will be the character and the credibility of the nominations of the people who will actually sit in the office of the President and the Vice President," Rabukawaqa said. No person who would bring the office into disrepute should be chosen, he insisted. He refused, however, to say what the Military might do if a coup-convict were to be appointed, saying that he would not comment on hypothetical scenarios. His comments followed a call the previous day from the Prime Minister to respect the rule of law and avoid interfering in the selection of the president and vice-president. Laisenia Qarase said that he himself would not attempt to influence the decision, even though he was constitutionally entitled to be consulted. Others' comments The Military was not the only institution expressing misgivings about the election. Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (SVT) General Secretary Ema Druavesi said on 16 February that she would not be surprised if Seniloli returned to office, as numerous coup-convicts had already been reinstated in the positions they had held. She alleged that Seniloli's possible return was part of a government campaign against the Military – and should be ready to answer for it. Poseci Bune, Deputy Leader of the Fiji Labour Party (FLP), similarly claimed that there were moves to replace President Iloilo with a pro-Government chief who would remove Commodore Frank Bainimarama from his position as Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces. Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, however, rejected Bune's claims as outrageous, saying that the government would not interfere with the decision of the Great Council of Chiefs. In a further comment quoted in the Fiji Times (26 February), Ratu Epeli Ganilau said that the Great Council of Chiefs already had selection criteria, which were adopted in 1992. While the Constitution allowed any Fijian citizen, in principle, to hold the Presidency or Vice-Presidency, the criteria of the Great Council required the person chosen to be of chiefly birth, experienced, and well regarded as a national leader. "Also, the person appointed must not be convicted of any crime at all," Ganilau declared. President Iloilo and Vice-President Madraiwiwi had both been selected on the basis of these criteria, Ganilau said. He claimed to have met, in his then capacity as Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs, former Vice-President Seniloli following his treason conviction, with a view to protecting the office. Asesela Sadole, General Secretary of the Great Council of Chiefs, responded on 28 February by saying that it was the Great Council that had established the selection criteria, and was at liberty to change it. It was only a guideline, he said. Party of National Unity (PANU) leader Ponipate Lesavua endorsed Iloilo on 27 February and called on the chiefs of Ba and Burebasaga to rally behind him. He hoped that in making their selection, the chiefs would consider that no country should be ruled by ex-convicts. "We need clean and honest people running the nation so our chiefs should give them (Iloilo and Madraiwiwi) a second chance rather than choosing those people that have come out of jail for offences that could be described to be similar to murder," the Fiji Times quoted him as saying. Although endorsing Iloilo for president and Madraiwiwi for vice-president, Fiji Labour Party (FLP) leader Mahendra Chaudhry told Fiji Live on 5 March that a magnanimous gesture would be to appoint a non-indigenous Fijian to one of the two most senior positions. He also declared his opposition to any coup-convict being given one of the positions. "It's a great challenge to the integrity of our nation," he said. References 2006 2006 elections in Oceania Presidential election	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Fijian%20presidential%20election
Fremantle Football Club entered the Australian Football League in 1995, and the women's team entered the AFL Women's league in its inaugural season in 2017. Only players in league games are included in the ordered list; players who were on the Fremantle playing list but only played in pre-season or scratch matches are listed separately at the end of the article. Fremantle Football Club players 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Fremantle women Other players Listed players yet to play an AFL game for Fremantle men's team Listed players yet to play an AFLW game for Fremantle women's team Delisted players who did not play an AFL game for Fremantle Delisted players who did not play an AFLW game for Fremantle See also Category of Fremantle players, ordered alphabetically Fremantle Football Club drafting and trading history References External links Full List of Fremantle Players at AFL Tables Every Senior Listed Player from the Fremantle FC Official Website Fremantle Football Club Fremantle Fremantle-related lists Fremantle Football Club (AFLW) players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Fremantle%20Football%20Club%20players
Club Paradise is a 1986 American comedy film directed by Harold Ramis and starring Robin Williams, Twiggy, Peter O'Toole, and Jimmy Cliff. Set in a fictional Caribbean banana republic, it follows a group of vacationers' attempts to create a luxury resort out of a seedy nightclub, and the series of increasingly unlikely events that take place. The film reunites director / co-writer Ramis with most of his SCTV co-stars – SCTV cast members Andrea Martin, Eugene Levy, Rick Moranis, Joe Flaherty, and Robin Duke play supporting roles in the film, as does co-writer Brian Doyle-Murray, a former SCTV staff writer. It was the final film of actor Adolph Caesar, who died in March 1986, four months before the film's release. Plot Jack Moniker is a Chicago firefighter who is injured on the job. Using his disability insurance payout, he retires to the small Caribbean island of Saint Nicholas, and buys a small property. Anthony Croyden Hayes, appointed by the British crown as governor of St. Nicholas, is more concerned with vacationing than governing. Miss Phillipa Lloyd, who is visiting St. Nicholas with some friends, decides to stay permanently and becomes Jack's girlfriend. Jack befriends financially troubled reggae musician Ernest Reed and they form Club Paradise, which they market as a Club Med-style resort complete with a brochure that features photographs of Jack in various disguises on every page. This attracts a handful of tourists, including Barry and Barry who are there for the marijuana and the women. Much of the film involves the tourists' comic misadventures adjusting to island life and the low-rent facilities of Club Paradise. Also traveling to the island is The New York Times travel writer Terry Hamlin who ends up spending most of her time in the company of Governor Hayes. Adding to the fun is suburban housewife Linda White, who is vacationing with her husband Randy, who despite the very favorable surroundings and atmosphere, is not very randy. Voit Zerbe plays a key role, as a developer who wants to run Jack and Ernest off their property so he can build a massive high-end casino on the beach as part of a deal he's making with two business partners. To do that, he uses the help of the local prime minister Solomon Gundy and the prime minister's men to cause trouble and get Club Paradise to close "legally." Jack and Ernest go so far as to sneak aboard Zerbe's yacht to provide some "useful intelligence" for Governor Hayes by finding out what is going to happen to the future of Saint Nicholas. They skin dive to the yacht where they are captured by local police and thrown in jail. When Prime Minister Gundy's strong arm tactics don't work, he orders a military takeover of the island. Ernest builds up a resistance force, and St. Nicholas is soon threatened with the possibility of civil war, which is averted at the last minute with assistance from Jack and Governor Hayes. As Gundy's takeover fails, Zerbe and his partners leave Saint Nicholas and head for the Cayman Islands. Cast Harold Ramis' wife Anne Ramis also cameos as a travel agent. Production Shooting took place in Jamaica, Chicago, and Los Angeles from April to July 1985. The titular "Club Paradise" was a set constructed on Winifred Beach in Portland Parish, while other scenes were shot in the city of Port Antonio. Production company Warner Bros. planned to release it in early 1986, but held it back until July. Bill Murray turned down the film's lead role, which was eventually given to Robin Williams; his brother, Brian Doyle-Murray, ended up in the cast instead. John Cleese was also slated to star, but immediately dropped out before Peter O'Toole signed on to replace him. "Ed Roboto" is a pseudonym for Harry Shearer, who was asked to do a rewrite with Tom Leopold. Only two words of what they wrote ended up in the film (the title). Shearer later commented that he was "so appalled by the movie" that he removed his name from the credits. Adolph Caesar died of a heart attack four months before the film's release. Soundtrack The film's soundtrack was released by Columbia Records and includes several tracks by Jimmy Cliff, Elvis Costello, Mighty Sparrow, Blue Riddim Band and Well Pleased & Satisfied, some of which are unique to this release. It was not released on compact disc until 1994 in Japan, and then in 2004 in Europe, with the latter including seven extra songs. Reception The film was given mostly negative reviews from critics with Rotten Tomatoes maintaining Club Paradise an 11% rating based on 28 reviews. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale. Variety said: "There are enough funny skits in Club Paradise to make for a good hour of SCTV, where most of the cast is from, but too few to keep this Club Med satire afloat for 104 minutes." People wrote: "Director Harold Ramis, who co-wrote the film with Brian Doyle-Murray, never stoops for an easy laugh. He seems capable, however, of making a movie with more momentum than this." Roger Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 stars and wrote: "The movie never really comes together, and I think the fault for that begins with Williams. When the star of a movie seems desperate enough to depend on one-liners, can the rest of the cast be blamed for losing confidence in the script?" Dave Kehr of the Chicago Reader wrote: "Moranis and Levy get most of the laughs as a pair of geeky business partners desperately on the make for beach bunnies; Williams is saddled with a lot of soggy insult humor that doesn't really let him show his gifts." Ramis later said "We thought Club Paradise had a good chance at the box office. But we were the fourth Caribbean comedy out that year [1986], and none of them did any business. The casting ended up being diametrically opposed to what was intended. It was intended for Bill Murray and John Cleese, with Bill as the laid-back guy and Cleese as the over-the-top guy, and we ended up with Robin Williams and Peter O'Toole, with O'Toole as the laid-back guy and Robin the over-the-top guy. The polarities shifted, and it was probably not as interesting or as solid as it might have been if Bill and Cleese were there." Peter O'Toole's performance in the film earned him a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actor, but lost to Jerome Benton for Under the Cherry Moon. See also List of American films of 1986 References External links 1986 films 1986 comedy films American comedy films Films directed by Harold Ramis Films scored by David Mansfield Films scored by Van Dyke Parks Films set in Chicago Films shot in Chicago Films shot in Jamaica Warner Bros. films Films with screenplays by Harold Ramis Films with screenplays by Brian Doyle-Murray Films about vacationing Films set in the Caribbean 1980s English-language films 1980s American films English-language comedy films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20Paradise
Pollachi is a town and a taluk headquarters in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu state, India. Located about to the south of Coimbatore, it is the second largest town in the district after Coimbatore. Pollachi is a popular marketplace for jaggery, vegetables and cattle. As of 2011, the town had a population of 90,180. Another name for Pollachi is "Mother of Nature". History Pollachi was known as Pozhil Vaitchi in Tamil which means "gifted with beauty" and later became Pollachi; it was also known as Pozhil Vaitchi during the period of the Cholas. In 2019, the town became notable for the 2019 Pollachi sexual assault case involving the rape and extortion of numerous women by a gang. Geography Pollachi is located at . It has an average elevation of . Aliyar river passes about away from the town and the town receives rainfall from Southwest monsoon due to the presence of Palghat gap.The average rainfall of the Pollachi PWD station is around 1274 mm.Pollachi town gets more rainfall in south west monsoon compared to north east monsoon.Western part of the city like Vannamada gets 180 cm Annual rainfall contrast to eastern part of the city like Udumalpet town gets only 60 cm Annual rainfall. Demographics According to the 2011 census, Pollachi had a population of 90,180 with a sex-ratio of 1,012 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 7,732 were under the age of six, constituting 3,952 males and 3,780 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 10.57% and 0.29% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the city was 82.15%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The city had a total of 24,755 households. There were a total of 36,972 workers, comprising 219 cultivators, 488 main agricultural laborers, 1,018 in household industries, 32,720 other workers, 2,527 marginal workers, 25 marginal cultivators, 45 marginal agricultural laborers, 124 marginal workers in household industries and 2,333 other marginal workers. Economy The economy of the town is predominantly dependent on agriculture. Coconut, jaggery, vegetables and cattle contribute to the agricultural output. There are also coir producing units with raw materials sourced from local farms. Vanilla is also cultivated in certain locations. Pollachi is also a popular movie shooting location for the Tamil film industry owing to its scenic landscape. Education Pollachi has schools which follow different curricula such as CBSE, ICSE and state board. Proximity to the educational hub of Coimbatore aids in higher education. Another school is Rural India Student Education (RISE), based in Samiyandipudhur, founded in 2000 by R. Krishnan and Geetha Krishnan, who currently reside in the United States. The school has had 300+ students; students from the school have won high marks in the tenth standard CBSE exams and won local collegiate sports events. Transport Road Pollachi is linked by National Highway 209, State Highway 19, SH 78 and SH 78A. The central bus stand caters for bus transport which is used by Government-run TNSTC and private operators. State Express Transport Corporation operates long-distance buses. Main Routes From Pollachi Coimbatore Route Valparai Route Dharapuram Route Udumalpet Route Palladam Route Palakkad Route Thrissur Route Achipatti Route Rail Pollachi Railway Junction connects with Palakkad to the west, Coimbatore to the north and Dindigul to the east. Metre to broad gauge conversion on Dindigul line was completed in January 2015. In 2017, the track between Pollachi and Podanur was converted from metre to broad gauge at a cost of . Air Coimbatore International Airport is the nearest airport, located about 48 km from Pollachi. Places of interest Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at an average altitude of in the Western Ghats near Pollachi. Valparai is a hill station about from Pollachi and is situated at an altitude of . Topslip is a popular picnic spot located at an altitude of about in the Anamalai mountain range which is about from Pollachi. Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the valley between the Anaimalai Hills of Tamil Nadu and the Nelliampathi range of Kerala. The area is hilly and rocky, drained by several rivers and is thickly forested with some marsh lands and scattered patches of grass. Parambikulam-Aliyar multipurpose project involves a series of dams interconnected by tunnels and canals at various elevations to harness the various rivers flowing through the area. Azhiyar Dam is located on the foothills of Anamalai in the Western Ghats and Solaiyar Dam is from Valparai and is one of the largest rock dams in India. Temples Thirumurthyswami temple is a temple dedicated to sabariswaran Shiva, situated in the foothills of the Thirumurthy Hills. Other major temples include Masani Amman, Eachanari Vinayagar Temple and Vethathiri Maharishi. References External links Suburbs of Coimbatore Cities and towns in Coimbatore district	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollachi
Airlangga University (Indonesian: ; , abbreviated as UNAIR) is the second-oldest university in Indonesia and also a public university located in Surabaya, East Java. Despite being officially established by Indonesian Government Regulation in 1954, was first founded in 1948 as a distant branch of the University of Indonesia, with roots dating back to 1913. It started with a medical school and school of dentistry. Now hosts 16 faculties with more than 35,000 students (during the 2015-2016 academic year) and 1,570 faculty members. has university hospitals for the faculties of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Nursing, and Dentistry, as well as a tropical infection hospital for its Institute of Tropical Disease. The university is also equipped with biosafety level three facilities. Consistently ranked highly in major world university rankings, has long been considered one of the "Big 5" university in Indonesia, along with University of Indonesia, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, and Gadjah Mada University. has international partnerships worldwide, including with University of Bonn, Seoul National University, and University of Adelaide. History Before was established on October 11, 1847, the proposal to educate young Javanese to become health experts was submitted to the Dutch colonial government. On May 8, 1913 — through Edict No. 4211 of the Governor General of the Netherlands-Indies — NIAS (Nederlandsch Indische Artsen School) (Netherlands Indies School of Doctors) was founded as a medical education center in Surabaya. The first medical institution was located in Jl. Kedungdoro 38, Surabaya. In 1923, NIAS was moved to its present-day location of the Faculty of Medicine of , on Jl. Major General Moestopo, Surabaya. Lonkhuizen, the director of the Department of Health, proposed the establishment of School of Dentistry in Surabaya. He received approval from R.J.F. Van Zaben, the succeeding director of NIAS and the new school was opened in July 1928. Later on, the school was better known as STOVIT (School tot Opleiding van Indische Tandartsen) (School for Training Indies Dentists) with 21 students. Later during the Japanese occupation STOVIT was renamed Ika-Shika Daigaku (医科歯科大学) (College of Medicine and Dentistry) under the supervision of Takeda as its first director (1942–1945), while NIAS was closed down. Two years later, the post-WW II Dutch colonial government took over Ika-Shika Daigaku and then changed its name to Tandheelkundig Instituut (Institute of Dentistry) and NIAS was reopened as Faculteit der Geneeskunde (Faculty of Medicine). In 1948, the dentistry institute changed its status to Universitair Tandheelkundig Instituut (UTI) (Institute of College Dentistry). Later after Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS) gained its official independence in 1950, UTI was renamed LIKG (Lembaga Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi) (Institute of Dentistry) for four years, under the leadership of Prof. M. Knap and Prof. M. Soetojo. In 1948, both schools became part of University of Indonesia's Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry. was established by Government Regulation (Peraturan Pemerintah) No. 57/1954 and was inaugurated by the first president of the Republic of Indonesia, Sukarno on November 10, 1954, coinciding with the celebration of the ninth national Heroes' Day. In the same year, the Faculty of Law of (formerly a branch of the Faculty of Law, Economics and Social Politics of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta) was established. Namesake and Coat of Arms The name Airlangga is taken from the name of the reigning king of East Java in 1019–1042, Rakai Halu Sri Lokeswara Dharmawangsa Airlangga Anantawikramattungadewa (well known as Prabu Airlangga). 's Coat of Arms is the mythical bird Garuda ("Garudamukha") — the magical bird ridden by Vishnu — who carries an urn containing the eternal water "Amerta". This symbol represents as the source of eternal knowledge. The colors of the flag of are dominated by yellow and blue; yellow symbolizing the golden greatness and blue symbolising the depth of the soul of a warrior. These colors are taken from the veil that covered Vishnu's statue at the founding ceremony of by the first president of the Republic of Indonesia on November 10, 1954. Campuses 's faculty campuses are as follows: Dharmahusada (A) Campus in Jalan Moestopo (Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry). Dharmawangsa (B) Campus in Jalan Airlangga (Faculty of Economics and Business, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, and Postgraduate School) with Faculty of Vocational Studies in Jalan Srikana. MERR (C) Campus in Jalan Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Marine and Fishery, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary, and Faculty of Nursing). Giri Campus, Banyuwangi (an outside regional campus for Aquaculture, Veterinary Medicine, and Public Health majors). Faculties There are 16 faculties in (including postgraduate school and School of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary) and 132 study programs offered: Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Dentistry Faculty of Law Faculty of Economics and Business Faculty of Pharmacy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Faculty of Psychology Faculty of Public Health Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Faculty of Nursing Faculty of Vocational Studies Postgraduate School Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidisciplinary Ranking The QS Asia University Rangkings 2023 has ranked as number 81. The QS Asian University Ranking 2014 have placed as the best university in "Citations per paper" category. In 2010, was ranked 466th worldwide according to the Top 500 QS World University Rankings 2010, as well as ranked 86th in the Top 200 QS Asian University Rankings 2011 (third in Indonesia after University of Indonesia and Gadjah Mada University). In the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities 2011, was placed fourth in Indonesia and 22nd in the Southeast Asia region. has two internationally standardized quality management certificates for its management quality. For this reason, has been the destination of foreign students who choose to study in Indonesia, particularly from Malaysia, Japan, Timor Leste, China, Thailand, and some European and African countries. The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy are among the best life science schools in Indonesia, ranked 45th in Asia and 356th in the world by QS World University Rankings 2011. The Faculty of Medicine is affiliated with the Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, the biggest hospital in Eastern Indonesia and one of the central referral-hospital in Indonesia. Notable alumni Taheri Noor, former member of the People's Representative Council (1990-1997) Anas Urbaningrum, former Member of House of Representative and Head of Democratic Fraction 2009-2014 (resigned in 2010). Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri, model, Indonesian People’s Consultative Assembly Ambassador, Indonesian COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force speaker, Winner of Face of Asia 2019, Puteri Indonesia 2020, and Miss Universe Indonesia 2020. Elvira Devinamira Wirayanti, actress, model, Puteri Indonesia 2014, then the Top-15 and winner of Best National Costume in the Miss Universe 2014. Erni Suyanti Musabine, veterinarian involved in the conservation of Sumatran tigers Ignasius Jonan, former director of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia and current Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia. Khofifah Indar Parawansa, former Minister of Social Affairs of Indonesia, and current Governor of East Java. Muhammad Hatta Ali, current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Padi (band), Indonesian music band, all of its members studied at Universitas Airlangga. Prigi Arisandi, 2011 Goldman Environmental Prize awardee. Soekarwo, former Governor of East Java. Tarmizi Taher, former Minister of Religious Affairs of Indonesia in 1993-1998. Yahya Zaini, former Member of Parliament in the People's Representative Council. External links Universitas Airlangga Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Dentistry Faculty of Law Faculty of Economics and Business Faculty of Pharmacy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Social and Political Science Faculty of Science and Technology Faculty of Psychology Faculty of Public Health Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Faculty of Nursing Faculty of Vocational Studies Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Postgraduate School Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga References Universities in Indonesia Universities and colleges established in 1948 Educational institutions in Surabaya 1948 establishments in Indonesia Universities in East Java Indonesian state universities Airlangga University	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlangga%20University
The Belmond Royal Scotsman is a Scottish overnight luxury train, started in 1985 by GS&WR (Great Scottish and Western Railway Co.), and run since 2005 by Belmond Ltd. Its itineraries include 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7-night journeys around the Scottish Highlands, visiting castles, distilleries and historic sites. Once each year, it also makes a 7-night journey around the whole of Great Britain. Train's history The first train was composed of Mark 1 sleeping cars and three vintage dining and lounge carriages. After the inauguration of the current train set in 1989, the vintage coaches have kept on running as the Queen of Scots charter train. For the second train batch the train's former owner acquired Pullman cars, which were built in 1960 by Metropolitan Cammell for the East Coast Main Line. This train consisted of four sleeping cars, two dining cars, and one observation car. The train's two dining cars have been replaced over the years. Dining Car 1, which used to be a Gresley kitchen car, was damaged in a shunting incident on depot and, as a wooden (Teak) bodied vehicle was deemed unsafe to continue passenger operations, it was withdrawn from mainline service. It was followed in 1992 by Pullman car Raven, acquired at the same time as the others in the train. Dining Car 2 used to be 99131, an ex-LNER SC1999 coach named Victory. It was replaced by the Pullman car Swift, which was acquired in 2011 and converted by Assenta Rail in Scotland. On 9 August 2011, the train hosted the very first wedding on an Orient Express train. Two former Mark 3 sleeping cars were added to the train in 1997 as service carriages, replacing two Mk1 coaches (99987 & 99966). One of them has also got double sleeping cabins. Belmond acquired another Pullman coach in 2015 from CRRES (West Coast Railway Co Ltd) and again employed Assenta Rail to undertake outfitting and project management in order to create "State car - SPA". After provisional mechanical and body works at CRRES the coach was shipped to Mivan Marine in Antrim, where it was outfitted with two Bamford SPA rooms and 2 additional bedrooms (1 PRM Twin and 1 Double) with inter-connection. Upon completion the carriage was taken back to CRRES for final mechanical works and entry into the rolling stock library as 99337. The carriage entered service in September 2016. In March 2023 the new accommodation category Grand Suite was announced, being available from May 2024. Similar to the namesakes of the Venice-Simplon Orient Express, the two compartments will feature double beds and a drawing saloon with a sofa. They will be located together with another double cabin in the carriage. Current train fleet The train length is without locos. Haulage Until 2015, the Royal Scotsman motive power was provided by West Coast Railways, usually using Class 37, Class 47 or Class 57 diesel locomotives. For the 2016 season, the haulage contract was taken over by GB Railfreight. Two of their class 66 locomotives, 66743 and 66746, being dedicated to the train. These were repainted into Belmond Royal Scotsman maroon livery with appropriate decals in April/May 2016, the work being carried out by Arlington Fleet Services at Eastleigh Works in Hampshire. 66746 appeared first, being released on 11 April with 66743 following on 30 May. See also The Jacobite Belmond British Pullman References External links http://www.assentarail.co.uk Named passenger trains of British Rail Night trains of the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmond%20Royal%20Scotsman
The Crimean offensive (8 April – 12 May 1944), known in German sources as the Battle of the Crimea, was a series of offensives by the Red Army directed at the German-held Crimea. The Red Army's 4th Ukrainian Front engaged the German 17th Army of Army Group South Ukraine, which consisted of Wehrmacht and Romanian formations. The battles ended with the evacuation of the Crimea by the Germans. German and Romanian forces suffered considerable losses during the evacuation. Prelude The Germans took control of the Crimean Peninsula after the Crimean Campaign in 1942. Kerch-Eltigen operation During late 1943 and early 1944, the Wehrmacht was pressed back along its entire front line in the east. In October 1943, the 17th Army withdrew from the Kuban bridgehead across the Kerch Strait into the Crimea. During the following months, the Red Army pushed back the Wehrmacht in southern Ukraine, eventually cutting off the land-based connection of 17th Army through the Perekop Isthmus in November 1943. The Wehrmacht was able to successfully hold on to the Crimea even after it had been cut off by land due to their ability to supply it via the Black Sea. Holding the Crimea was considered important as its loss would negatively affect the attitude of Turkey and put Romanian oilfields under risk of Soviet air attacks. Aside from Soviet landings across the Kerch Strait and in the north-eastern sector near Sivash at the end of 1943, the Soviet Army largely ignored the Crimea for the next five months. Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist was removed from the command of Army Group A (from April 2: "Army Group South Ukraine") on March 30, 1944. He was succeeded by Ferdinand Schörner. Progress of the battle An assault across the Perekop Isthmus was launched on 8 April by elements of the 4th Ukrainian Front's 2nd Guards and 51st Armies. The 17th Army defended but was unable to stop the advance. Kerch was reached by the Separate Coastal Army on 11 April; Simferopol, about northeast of Sevastopol, followed two days later. The 17th Army was retreating toward Sevastopol by 16 April, with remaining Axis forces in the Crimea concentrating around the city by the end of the third week of April. The OKH intended to hold Sevastopol as a fortress, as the Red Army had done during the first Crimean campaign in 1941–42. However, the fortifications of the city had never been restored and Sevastopol was not the strong defensive position that it had been in 1941. Fighting broke out in the city outskirts towards the end of April and the city fell on 9 May, less than a month after the start of the offensive. The Axis sea evacuation to Constanța was attacked by Soviet land-based bombers. Evacuation of the Crimea The evacuation of the Crimea in April–May 1944 was the most complex and extensive operation of the Romanian Navy during the Second World War. From 15 April to 14 May, numerous German and Romanian warships escorted many convoys between Constanța and Sevastopol. The scale and importance of the operation can be attested by the usage in combat of all four Romanian destroyers, the largest Axis warships in the Black Sea. The last phase of the evacuation (10–14 May) saw the fiercest combat, as Axis ships transported, under constant attacks from Soviet aircraft and shore artillery, over 30,000 troops. Of these, 18,000 were transported by Romanian ships. On 11 May, the German tanker Friederike was torpedoed and heavily damaged by Soviet submarine L-4, preventing her participation. In total, Romanian and German convoys evacuated over 113,000 Axis troops from the Crimea, most of them (over 63,000) during the first phase of the evacuation (15–25 April). No Romanian Navy warships were lost during the evacuation, however the destroyer Regele Ferdinand came close to being sunk. She was struck by a large aerial bomb, which fell in her fuel tanks, but failed to detonate. The bomb was extracted several days after the end of the operation. Two naval actions involving the Romanian Navy took place during the second phase of the evacuation (25 April–10 May), near Sevastopol. On 18 April, the Soviet Leninets-class submarine L-6 was twice attacked with depth charges and damaged by the Romanian gunboat Ghiculescu, numerous bubbles emerged from the depths after each attack, before being finished off by the German submarine hunter UJ-104. During the night of 27 April, a convoy escorted by the Romanian gunboat Ghiculescu, the German submarine hunter UJ-115, one R-boat, two KFK naval trawlers and 19 MFPs (including the Romanian PTA-404 and PTA-406) engaged the Soviet G-5-class motor torpedo boats TKA-332, TKA-343 and TKA-344, after the three attacked and damaged the German submarine hunter UJ-104. Ghiculescu opened fire with tracer rounds, enabling the entire escort group to locate the two Soviet MTBs and open fire. TKA-332 was hit and sunk. Over 12 Soviet aircraft were also shot down during the evacuation, including two by the minelaying destroyer escort Amiral Murgescu. The last Axis pockets in the Crimea were destroyed on 12 May. The last Axis warship to leave the peninsula was Amiral Murgescu, carrying on board 1,000 Axis troops, including the German General Walter Hartmann. Consequences In a meeting with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden, 17th Army commander Erwin Jaenecke had insisted that Sevastopol should be evacuated and his cut off Army of 235,000 men withdrawn. After the loss of the Crimea, he was held responsible, arrested in Romania and court-martialed. Only the intervention of Heinz Guderian saved his life. He was dismissed from the army on 31 January 1945. The German and Romanian formations suffered the loss of 57,000 men, many of whom drowned during the evacuation. The sinking of the Totila and Teja on 10 May alone caused up to 10,000 deaths. In total, the German losses at sea amounted to five cargo ships, one tanker, three tugs, three lighters, three motorboats and four submarine hunters, while the Romanians lost three cargo ships. The partially successful evacuation of Axis troops from the Crimea earned the commander of the Romanian Navy, Rear Admiral Horia Macellariu, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The table below is based on information from Glantz/House When Titans Clashed.: Axis losses German: Killed and missing: 31,700 Wounded: 33,400 Total: 65,100 Romanian: Killed and missing: 25,800 Wounded: 5,800 Total: 31,600 Total: Killed and missing: 57,500 Wounded: 39,200 Total: 96,700 Soviet losses Killed and missing: 17,754 Wounded: 67,065 Total: 84,819 Tanks: 171 Artillery: 521 Aircraft: 179 Land formations and units involved Soviet 4th Ukrainian Front 2nd Guards Army 51st Army 4th Air Army Black Sea Fleet Separate Coastal Army Partisans Axis German Army Group A 17th Army Romanian Romanian Mountain Corps 1st Mountain Division 2nd Mountain Division Citations Bibliography Ziemke, E.F. Stalingrad to Berlin World War II aerial operations and battles of the Eastern Front Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II Crimea in World War II Naval battles of World War II involving the Soviet Union Naval battles of World War II involving Germany Naval battles of World War II involving Romania 1944 in Russia April 1944 events May 1944 events	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean%20offensive
The genus Tacca, which includes the batflowers and arrowroot, consists of flowering plants in the order Dioscoreales, native to tropical regions of South America, Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, and various Oceanic islands. In older texts, the genus was treated in its own family Taccaceae, but the 2003 APG II system incorporates it into the family Dioscoreaceae. The APG III and APG IV systems continue to include Tacca in Dioscoreaceae. Description Many Tacca species have nearly black flowers, with conspicuous involucral bracts and bracteoles like whiskers. Engbert Drenth hypothesized that species of this genus attracted "carrion and dung flies" for pollination and that the fleshy seam of the seed might be attractive to ants and hence that ants might aid in seed dispersal. Taxonomy Earlier classifications placed the genus within the monogeneric family Taccaceae, which in turn was the sole family in the order Taccales. Dahlgren recognised the similarities to the genera within the Dioscoreales, and incorporated the family into that order. Subdivision There are at least 16 species, Tacca ampliplacenta L.Zhang & Q.J.Li - Yunnan Tacca ankaranensis Bard.-Vauc., 1997 - Madagascar Tacca bibracteata Drenth - Sarawak Tacca borneensis Ridl. - Borneo Tacca celebica Koord. - Sulawesi Tacca chantrieri André, 1901 - Indochina, Assam, Bangladesh, Tibet, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan Tacca ebeltajae Drenth - Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl., 1812 - Tibet, Bhutan, Assam, Bangladesh, Indochina, India, Pakistan, Java, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze, 1891 - widespread across tropical Africa, Madagascar, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans Tacca maculata Seem., 1866 - Western Australia, Northern Territory, Fiji, Samoa Tacca palmata Blume - Indonesia, Indochina, Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea Tacca palmatifida Baker - Sulawesi Tacca parkeri Seem. - South America Tacca plantaginea (Hance) Drenth, 1972 - Indochina, southern China Tacca reducta P.C.Boyce & S.Julia - Sarawak, Borneo, Malesia Tacca subflabellata P.P. Ling & C.T. Ting, 1982 - Yunnan Synonyms: Tacca lanceolata Spruce - Brazil, Venezuela = Tacca parkeri Seem. Cultivation Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants for their bold foliage and large flowers. The well-known T. chantrieri goes by the names of black batflower, bat-head lily, devil flower or cat's whiskers. Tacca integrifolia is known as the purple or white batflower. Other cultivated varieties include the arrowroot, T. leontopetaloides, and T. cristata aspera. Gallery References Bibliography Germplasm Resources Information Network: Tacca Taccaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards), The families of flowering plants Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan. Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreales genera	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacca
Saint-Jérôme Aerodrome is located adjacent to Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, Canada. References Buildings and structures in Saint-Jérôme Registered aerodromes in Laurentides	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me%20Aerodrome
Fort Macleod (Alcock Farm) Airport is located about south-southeast of Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada. References External links Page about this airport on COPA's Places to Fly airport directory Registered aerodromes in Alberta Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Macleod%20%28Alcock%20Farm%29%20Airport
Kirby Lake Airport is a registered aerodrome located adjacent to Kirby Lake, Alberta, Canada. References Registered aerodromes in Alberta Transport in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirby%20Lake%20Aerodrome
Nueltin Lake Airport is located near to Nueltin Lake, Manitoba, Canada. References Registered aerodromes in Manitoba	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueltin%20Lake%20Airport
Fiction International is a literary magazine devoted to innovative forms of fiction and non-fiction which addresses progressive political ideals. Founded at St. Lawrence University in New York City by Joe David Bellamyin 1973, the magazine moved to San Diego State University in 1983, where it has been "edited by Harold Jaffe and Larry McCaffery until 1992, when Harold Jaffe assumed sole editorship". Over the years, the magazine has published works by Harold Jaffe, J.M. Coetzee, Claribel Alegría, Robert Coover, William S. Burroughs, Alberto Moravia, Malcolm X, Allen Ginsberg, Marguerite Duras, Edmund White, Kathy Acker, Eckhard Gerdes, Sean Gill, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Clarice Lispector, and Roque Dalton. References External links Official Website Fiction International Blog Literary magazines published in the United States Annual magazines published in the United States Magazines established in 1973 Magazines published in New York City Magazines published in California	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiction%20International
The following are the association football events of the year 1994 throughout the world. Events January 15 – Manager Issy ten Donkelaar is fired by Netherlands club FC Twente, and replaced by Hans Meyer from Germany. January 19 – Erwin Koeman plays his last international match for the Netherlands national team, replacing Dennis Bergkamp in the second half of the friendly match in and against Tunisia (2–2). It is the 500th match in history of the Netherlands national team. April 20 – Edgar Davids makes his debut for the Netherlands national team in the friendly match against the Republic of Ireland (0–1) in Tilburg. May 14 – Manchester United wins 4–0 over Chelsea to claim the FA Cup. May 18 – AC Milan beat Barcelona 4–0, in the Champions League Final to claim their fifth crown . May 27 – Ruud Gullit plays his last and 66th international match for the Netherlands national team. Afterwards the striker declares he doesn't want to go to the 1994 FIFA World Cup under coach Dick Advocaat. July 9 – The Netherlands national team is eliminated in the quarterfinals of the 1994 FIFA World Cup by eventual winners Brazil. Branco scores the decisive goal in the 3–2 win for the South Americans. Ronald Koeman (78th cap), Frank Rijkaard (73rd) and Jan Wouters (70th) play their last international match for the Netherlands. July 17 – Brazil wins its record fourth World Cup, defeating Italy on penalties in the final of the 1994 FIFA World Cup in Pasadena, California. Superstar Diego Maradona was suspended from Cup competition for doping on Ephedrine. August 21 – Ajax Amsterdam claims the Dutch Super Cup, the annual opening of the new season in the Eredivisie, by a 3–0 win over Feyenoord Rotterdam in the Olympisch Stadion. November 16 – Ajax-striker Patrick Kluivert makes his debut for the Netherlands national team, replacing Youri Mulder in the 70th minute of the Euro qualifier against the Czech Republic (0–0) in Rotterdam. December 1 – Vélez Sársfield wins the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo, Japan by defeating Italy's AC Milan (2–0). December 14 – Clarence Seedorf scores the fifth and last goal during his debut for the Netherlands national team against Luxembourg. Pierre van Hooijdonk also earns his first cap for the Netherlands. Copa Libertadores 1994: Won by Vélez Sársfield after defeating São Paulo FC 5–3 on a penalty shootout after a final aggregate score of 1–1. Scottish League Cup: Raith Rovers F.C. defeat Celtic F.C. 6–5 on penalties after the match finished 2–2. Malaysian football is involved in one of the largest match-fixing scandals in the sport's history. Winners club national championship Asia Japan – Verdy Kawasaki Qatar – Al-Arabi South Korea – Ilhwa Chunma Europe Austria – SV Salzburg Belgium – R.S.C. Anderlecht Croatia – Hajduk Split Denmark – Silkeborg IF England – Manchester United France – Paris Saint-Germain Germany – Bayern Munich Greece – AEK Athens Israel – Maccabi Haifa Italy – A.C. Milan Netherlands – Ajax Amsterdam Norway – Rosenborg Poland – Legia Warszawa Portugal – Benfica Romania – Steaua Bucharest Russia – Spartak Moscow Scotland – Rangers Spain – Barcelona Sweden – IFK Göteborg Turkey – Galatasaray S.K. Ukraine – Dynamo Kyiv Wales – Bangor City FR Yugoslavia – Partizan North America Mexico – Tecos UAG / – Montreal Impact (APSL) South America Argentina Clausura – Independiente Apertura – River Plate Bolivia – Bolivia – Bolívar Brazil – Palmeiras Chile – Universidad de Chile Paraguay – Cerro Porteño – Sporting Cristal International tournaments African Cup of Nations in Tunisia (March 26 – April 10, 1994) Baltic Cup in Vilnius, Lithuania (July 29 – 31 1994) FIFA World Cup in the United States (June 17 – July 17, 1994) National team results Europe Births January 6 – Denis Suárez, Spanish footballer January 15 Jordy Croux, Belgian footballer Eric Dier, English footballer January 17 – Ricardinho Costa, Portuguese footballer January 23 – Fábio Oliveira, Portuguese footballer January 24 – Juanpi, Venezuelan footballer January 27 – Jack Stephens, English footballer February 12 – Lukáš Mihálik, Slovak footballer March 4 – Žiga Kočevar, Slovenian footballer March 6 Wesley Hoedt, Dutch footballer Nathan Redmond, English footballer March 13 – Gerard Deulofeu, Spanish footballer March 17 – Marcel Sabitzer, Austrian footballer March 27 – Yoan Cardinale, French goalkeeper April 2 – Dmytro Zaika, Ukrainian professional footballer April 4 – Rafael Soromenho, Portuguese footballer April 8 – Chico Fernandes, Portuguese footballer April 13 – Kahraba, Egyptian footballer April 27 Mario Machado Meireles, Swiss footballer Joy Schoonhoven, Dutch former professional footballer May 5 – Javier Manquillo, Spanish footballer May 10 – Jamar Loza, Jamaican footballer May 27 Maximilian Arnold, German footballer João Cancelo, Portuguese footballer Aymeric Laporte, French-Spanish footballer June 9 – Viktor Fischer, Danish footballer June 15 Vincent Janssen, Dutch footballer Iñaki Williams, Spanish footballer July 10 – Iuri Medeiros, Portuguese footballer July 11 – Lucas Ocampos, Argentine footballer July 25 – Jordan Lukaku, Belgian footballer July 29 – Daniele Rugani, Italian footballer July 30 – Riccardo Cretella, Italian professional footballer August 3 – Corentin Tolisso, French footballer August 10 – Bernardo Silva, Portuguese footballer August 18 – Morgan Sanson, French footballer August 19 – Marc Mucha, Portuguese footballer August 28 – Junior Malanda, Belgian footballer (d. 2015) August 31 – Can Aktav, Turkish footballer September 8 – Bruno Fernandes, Portuguese footballer September 23 – Yerry Mina, Colombian footballer October 3 – Kepa Arrizabalaga, Spanish footballer October 24 – Bruma, Portuguese footballer November 10 – Óliver Torres, Spanish footballer November 21 – Saúl Ñíguez, Spanish footballer November 28 – Filipe Soares, Portuguese footballer December 2 – Cauley Woodrow, English club footballer December 5 – Grant Ward, English club footballer December 10 – Matti Klinga, Finnish youth international December 29 – Louis Schaub, Austrian footballer Deaths January January 20 – Matt Busby, Scottish footballer and manager March March 20 – Alfonso Rodríguez 'Foncho', Spanish footballer April April 18 – Dener, Brazilian forward, 2 times capped for the Brazil national football team and active player of CR Vasco da Gama. (23 ; in a car crash) May May 30 – Agostino Di Bartolomei, Italian footballer July July 2 – Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (murdered) July 4 – Ştefan Dobay, Romanian footballer September September 10 – Max Morlock, German international footballer (born 1925) December December 31 – Bruno Pezzey, Austrian footballer (born 1955) References Association football by year	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20in%20association%20football
Doris Pilkington Garimara (born Nugi Garimara; c. 1 July 1937 – 10 April 2014), also known as Doris Pilkington, was an Australian author. Garimara wrote Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence (1996), a story about the stolen generation, and based on three Aboriginal girls, among them Pilkington's mother, Molly Craig, who escaped from the Moore River Native Settlement in Western Australia and travelled 2,414 km (1,500 miles) for nine weeks to return to their family. Biography Pilkington was born at Balfour Downs Station, near the north Western Australian settlement of Jigalong. Her mother, Molly, named her Nugi Garimara, but she was called Doris after Molly's employer at the station, Mary Dunnet, who thought Nugi was "a stupid name". As her birth was unregistered, her birth date was recorded as 1 July 1937 by the Department of Native Affairs. She was taken from her mother to be raised at the Moore River mission when she was three and a half years old. Her younger sister, Annabelle, was also taken and was told she was an orphan, and over the years distanced herself from her Aboriginal heritage. Doris was reunited with her mother 21 years later. Writing Garimara's Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence is considered a powerful description of the abuses endured by the Stolen Generations. The book was made into an internationally successful film in 2002, directed by Phillip Noyce. Her follow-up book, Under the Wintamarra Tree, details her own life at Moore River and at the Roelands Native Mission and how she managed to escape by enrolling in a nursing school. Home to Mother is her children's edition of Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence. In the four books, Caprice, a Stockman's Daughter, Follow the Rabbit-proof Fence, Home to Mother, and Under the Wintamarra Tree, Pilkington documented three generations of women in her family. In 1990, Pilkington's book Caprice: A Stockman's Daughter, the first of the trilogy, won the Queensland Premier's Literary Awards' Unpublished Indigenous Writer – The David Unaipon Award. She was appointed co-patron of Australia's State and Federal Sorry Day committee's Journey of Healing in 2002. In May 2008, she was awarded the $50,000 Red Ochre Award which is made to an indigenous artist for their outstanding, lifelong contribution to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts at home and abroad. Death Pilkington Garimara died of ovarian cancer at age 76 on 10 April 2014 in Perth, Western Australia. Awards Pilkington Garimara was posthumously inducted into the Western Australian Writers Hall of Fame in 2022. Australia Council for the Arts The Australia Council for the Arts arts funding and advisory body for the Government of Australia. Since 1993, it has awarded a Red Ochre Award. It is presented to an outstanding Indigenous Australian (Aboriginal Australian or Torres Strait Islander) artist for lifetime achievement. \|- \| 2008 \| Herself \| Red Ochre Award \| \|- Bibliography Caprice, A Stockman's Daughter, (UQP, 1991) Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence, (UQP, 1996) Under the Wintamarra Tree, (UQP, 2002) Home to Mother, (UQP, 2006) See also Martu (Indigenous Australian) Rabbit-Proof Fence Stolen Generation References External links ABC Australia biography European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights article Intermix Positive Contribution Award Daughter dies with her story still incomplete, by Tony Stephens The Sydney Morning Herald, 15 January 2004 Doris Pilkington Garimara, novelist, is dead at 76. New York Times. 21 April 2014 1937 births 2014 deaths Indigenous Australian writers Indigenous Australians from Western Australia Australian women writers Members of the Order of Australia Members of the Stolen Generations People from the Pilbara Deaths from ovarian cancer Deaths from cancer in Western Australia Australian women novelists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris%20Pilkington%20Garimara
Feds is a 1988 American comedy film written and directed by Dan Goldberg, and starring Rebecca De Mornay and Mary Gross. The plot follows two women, the ex-Marine Ellie and Bryn Mawr graduate Janis, who aim to become FBI agents and enroll at the training center in Quantico. The ending credits stated the real FBI did not support the film or assist the production in any way. Plot Ellie DeWitt is a U.S. Marine veteran who wants to become an FBI agent. However, while she has great physical skills, she struggles at the academic level. Conversely, her roommate Janis Zuckerman is highly intelligent, but physically very weak. Overcoming the male recruits' assumptions of them, Ellie and Janis team up to help each other through the basic training so they can both become federal agents. During their training, Ellie and Janis must deal with an instructor who seems determined to fail the pair, a fellow trainee who seems more interested in flirting with Ellie (until Ellie asserts her Marine training and pins him against the wall in one exercise), and befriend a geeky co-trainee who seems unable to complete the smallest task. Joining forces, the three tackle the final practice simulation, (badly) forging the instructor's signature ('he sneezed') and breaking into the telephone room to discover the location of the "hostage". They also use their radio to mislead the other agents into a swamp to make sure they do not find the hostage first. The two graduate with honors and in the credits scene, both Ellie and Janis are assigned as partners to the Los Angeles office. Cast Rebecca De Mornay as Elizabeth 'Ellie' De Witt Mary Gross as Janis Zuckerman Ken Marshall as Brent Shepard Fred Dalton Thompson as FBI Agent Bill Bilecki Larry Cedar as Howard Butz Raymond Singer as George Hupperman James Luisi as FBI Agent Sperry Jon Cedar as FBI Senior Agent Rex Ryon as Parker Norman Bernard as Bickerstaff Bradley Weissman as Graham Don Stark as Willy David Sherrill as Duane Michael Chieffo as Louie Geoffrey Thorne as College Jock #3 Lee Arnone as Female Marine Rick Avery as Bank Robber #3 Tony Longo as Sailor Production Dan Goldberg and Len Blum, the screenwriters behind Meatballs and Stripes, originally planned to make a film about "the daffy, goofy sex-crazed guys at the FBI academy." When they couldn't get stars of previous Ivan Reitman films like Bill Murray or Dan Aykroyd to sign on, the pair switched the story mid-script to a female-focused film. Feds was made during a cycle of American cop comedies that came out after the box-office success of Police Academy (1984). These films included Police Academy's sequels, Night Patrol (1984), Moving Violations (1985), Off Beat (1986), and Hollywood Vice Squad (1986). Critical reception Feds received mixed reviews from critics. Michael Wilmington of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "The stars--De Mornay as the brawn and Gross as the brains--are good enough to make this dopey idea work. But Blum and Goldberg don’t give them much better than the usual parade of elephantine slapstick, grotesque topical humor, sexual innuendo and rock ‘n’ roll sound bites." Rita Kempley of The Washington Post wrote negatively of the film and said De Mornay and Gross are "playing badly written, weirdly reactionary parts." Time Out said, "director Goldberg seems uncertain whether he should be aiming for slapstick or an earnest docu-drama about sexism in the FBI." Andi Zeisler of Bitch magazine pointed out Feds was apparently the first female buddy cop movie when critics falsely claimed the 2013 comedy film The Heat was the first in that sub-genre. Home media Feds was released on DVD by Warner Bros. on July 7, 2010. References External links Feds at AllMovie 1988 films 1988 comedy films American comedy films Films about the Federal Bureau of Investigation Warner Bros. films Films scored by Randy Edelman 1988 directorial debut films 1980s police comedy films 1980s buddy cop films American buddy cop films 1980s female buddy films Girls with guns films 1980s English-language films 1980s American films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feds
Club Deportivo Atlético Marte, also known as Atlético Marte, is a Salvadorian association football club based in San Salvador. The club plays in the Primera División de Fútbol Profesional, the top tier of the El Salvador football league system, and host matches at the Estadio Cuscatlán. Atlético Marte have a long-standing rivalry with their neighbouring club Alianza, with whom they have contested the derby since 1968. Since its formation in 1950, the club has won eight Primera División titles—in 1955, 1956, 1957, 1969, 1970, 1980–81, 1982, and 1985—and the Segunda División de El Salvador once, in Torneo Clausura 2009). In 1981, the team was runner-up of the CONCACAF Champions' Cup losing to SV Transvaal of Suriname. Atlético Marte won their inaugural international title, the 1991 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup with 2 victories over Racing Gonaïves and Leones Negros UdeG and a loss to Comunicaciones F.C. The club has changed their name several times to C.D. Árabe Marte (1998–99), (1999–00) and C.D. Atlético Marte Quezaltepeque (2006–08). The club returned to the original name in 2008; C.D. Atlético Marte. In the 1980s, Salvadoran football legend Luis Ramírez Zapata and Norberto Huezo, Ramón Fagoaga, José Luis Rugamas were among their star players. History Foundation and early history The history of Atletico Marte started at the end of the 1940s, when the San Salvadorian team España FC was dissolved. Emilio Guardado and Carlos Carranza, leaders of the recent dissolved España FC, called a meeting with the players that remained of this team and others in the capital city of San Salvador to give life to another club called Alacranes F.C. After a year playing under the name of Alacranes F.C., club president Colonel José Castro Melendez called a meeting at the old national gymnasium, and at the initiative of the player Conrado Miranda, it was decided to change the club name to Atletico Marte. The club was officially born on the 2 June 1950 by the combination of military-related members such as José Castro Melendez, Fidel Quintanilla and Jesús Rodríguez and the general public such as Emilio Guardado, José Santiago Avelar and Armando Carranza. The original uniform colors were ochre and beige, however with the passage of time the colors were changed to the current blue and white. One of the most significant events of Atetico Marte was a 2–0 triumph on the home turf of Deportivo Saprissa, the first time a Salvadorian club had defeated a Costa Rican side on the opponent's home turf. The goals were scored by Gustavo "el Bordador" Lucha y Raúl Peña. Premierships success The club had played in the Primera División for five years, however it wasn't until the 1955 season under the players-coaches of Conrado Miranda and Isaiah Choto they won their first title. This was done thanks to 1–0 victory over Leones de Sonsonate with the lone goal coming from Fernando "El Gato" Barrios. The players included Manuel "Tamalón" Garay, Antonio Montes, Armando Larín, Rutilio Rivera, Luis Antonio Regalado "Loco", Conrado Miranda, Gerónimo Pericullo (Argentina), Juan Bautista Pérez (Argentina), Raúl "Pibe" Vásquez (Argentina), Gustavo "el Bordador" Lucha, Fernando "el Gato" Barrios and René Pimentel. Atletico Marte with the same core group of players from the previous campaign and the inclusion of Guatemalan Gabriel Urriolawere able to capture their second title consecutively, always under the command of Conrado Miranda and Isaiah Choto. In 1956–57 campaign, the club was rejuvenated with players such as goalkeeper Francisco "Paco" Francés, Argentinian Rodolfo Baello, Guillermo "Loro" Castro, Julio César "Muñeca" Mejía, Mauricio "Pachín" González and many others. The club was able to win their 3rd title. A winning title would escape the club for more than a decade until 1969 when they won their fourth title thanks to future world cup coach Chilean Hernán Carrasco Vivanco and star players Raúl "Araña" Magaña, Guillermo Castro, Argentinian Rodolfo Baello, José Antonio "Ruso" Quintanilla, Chilean Ricardo Sepúlveda and Sergio Méndez. This was followed up with their fifth title in 1970 making the second time the club had won back to back title, this time they were reinforced with players such as Francisco Roque, Ernesto Aparicio, Manuel Cañadas, Adonay Castillo, Fernando Villalta, Roberto Morales, Elenilson Franco and Brazilian Odir Jacques. Atletico Marte once again went a decade without a title, until 1980, when under the technical direction of Armando Contreras Palma and a squad predominately made up of Salvadoran players such as Carlos Felipe Cañadas, Milton Campos, Alfredo Rivera, José Castillo, Jorge Peña, Manuel Ramos, Danilo Blanco, Ramón Fagoaga, Norberto Huezo, Jorge Salomón Campos and Miguel González were able to win their sixth title. Atletico Marte under the technical direction of Armando Contreras Palma and assistant coach former world cup player Juan Ramón "Mon" Martinez the club was able to win their seventh title i 1982. The tournament was called President Alvaro Alfredo Magaña Cup, in honor of the current president of the republic El Salvador. This was thanks to a two-game series win over Independiente of San Vicente, the first game was 1–0 victory with a lone goal José Antonio "Tolín" Infantozzi and this was followed with a 2–0 victory with goals by José Antonio "Tolín" Infantozzi and Wilfredo "El Doctorcito" Huezo. On 25 December 1985, Atlético Marte won their eighth and final Primera División title. This was thanks to a 5–2 victory over Alianza with the goals of Atletico Marte coming from Salomón Campos Mezquita, Norberto Huezo, Mario Figueroa (2) and Wilfredo Huezo. The list of players that helped them win the title included José Luis Rugamas, Alfredo Fagoaga, Marcial Turcios, Santana Cartagena, Danilo Blanco, Guillermo Ragazzone, Nelson Escobar, Norberto Huezo, Salomón Campos, Mauricio Perla, Carlos Meléndez, William "el Pony" Rosales, Uruguayan Raúl Esnal and Mario Figueroa. Champions of CONCACAF 1992 On the international stage Atlético Marte had reached the final of the 1981 CONCACAF Champions Cup, however they lost the series to the SV Transvaal from Suriname. However, in 1991, the club was finally recognized internationally thanks to being crowned the champions of the CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup, a competition which was held in Guatemala and had strong clubs such as Universidad de Guadalajara from Mexico, Comunicaciones from Guatemala, Deportivo Saprissa from Costa Rica and Real Estelí from Nicaragua. Atletico Marte finished first in the group with a record of 2 wins and 1 loss. Relegation to Segundo División After several attempts to win another domestic title, by assembling top quality national and foreign players, Atletico Marte suffered a massive decline due to administrative mismanagement and eventually entered into economic crisis which led to poor results eventually getting the club relegated at the end of the 2002 season. Promotion-back to the Primera División However, leaders of Atletico Marte never gave up on the team and there was always a well publicized effort to return it to the Primera División. It was not until 2004, that the mythical Raul Alfredo "spider" Magaña approached the directors, presenting a draft where it recruited new sponsors and new management. After almost five years of work, they won the Clausura 2008 title and would contest the winner of the Apertura to determine direct promotion. The loser would contest the ninth place side in the Primera División to determine if there should be promotion/relegation. Atletico Marte was unsuccessful at apertura and clausura when they lost to Marte Soyapango in a penalty shootout in the semi-final. On 14 June 2009 Atletico Marte returned to the Primera División by defeating AFI El Roble 1–0, at the Estadio Cuscatlan. The only goal of this historic victory was by Roberto Maradiaga, and the technician that made possible the rise was the Argentine Ramiro Cepeda, a former player in Martian Segundo División in his first year working as a coach. Modern era Atletico Marte's run in the Primera División from 2009 to 2015 was a mix of little to moderate success, excluding the Apertura 2013 season where under the guidance of Guillermo Rivera the team finished first in the league (including a record 14 undefeated matches) and reached the semi-final where they were eliminated by the tournament champion Isidro Metapan 3–2 on aggregate, the team was a middle to low league team. Although the emergence of talented players such as Gilberto Baires, Ibsen Castro, Otoniel Salinas, Javier Gomez, Anibal Parada, Christopher Ramirez, Christian Esnal, Argentinian Gonzalo Mazzia and Uruguayan Mauro Aldave. On 3 May 2015, after 7 years of top flight football, Atletico Marte were relegated to the Segundo División despite a 4–1 victory over Dragon. They were knocked out by C.D. Pasaquina by one point. On 18 June 2015 the team purchased a franchise license in the new expansion of the Primera División and would compete in the Primera División for the Apertura 2015 season. At the end of 2016 clausura season, Atletico Marte were relegated In April 2020, El Vencedor announced that due to financial hardship they would be releasing their spot in the Primera División to Atletico Marte. After three years, with minimal success, On June 26, 2023, Atletico Marte sold their spot to Municipal Limeno and ended their spell in first division. Atletico Marte due to complication on selling their spot to Municipal Limeno, Atletico Marte were registered to ADFA San Salvador in the fourth tier in Salvadoran Football league system. Honours Domestic Leagues Primera División and predecessors Champions (8): 1955, 1956, 1957, 1969, 1970, 1980–81, 1982, 1985 Segunda División and predecessors Champions (1): 2008 Apertura Promotion Play-off Winners: 2008–2009 Cups Copa President and predecessors Champions (1) : 1991 CONCACAF CONCACAF Champions' Cup and predecessors Runners-up (1): 1981 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup and predecessors Champions (1): 1991 UNCAF UNCAF Champions' Cup/Recopa de la UNCAF and predecessors Champions (1): 1991 Recopa de la UNCAF Performance in CONCACAF and Domestic competitions CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup: 2 appearances Best: Champion in 1991 1991 – Champion 1994 – Quarter-finals CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1 appearance Best: Runner-up in 1981 1981 CONCACAF Champions' Cup: Runners up <div style="text-align:left"> Copa Interclubes UNCAF: 5 appearances Best: Third place in 1979 1971 Copa Fraternidad: Fourth place 1972 Copa Fraternidad: Group stage 1979 Copa Fraternidad: Third place 1980 Copa Fraternidad: Group Stage 1983 Copa Fraternidad: Group Stage Overall seasons table in Primera División de Fútbol Profesional {\|class="wikitable" \|-bgcolor="#efefef" ! Pos. ! Club ! Season In D1 ! Pl. ! W ! D ! L ! GS ! GA ! Dif. \|- \|align=center bgcolor=\|TBA \|Atlético Marte \|align=center \|65 \|align=center\|1945 \|align=center\|715 \|align=center\|600 \|align=center\|630 \|align=center\|2872 \|align=center\|2522 \|align=center\|+350 \|} Last updated: 17 July 2015 Stadium Since its establishment in 1950, Atletico Marte stadiums has been: Estadio Cuscatlán; San Salvador (2017–present) TBD (TBD) game in Segunda DivisiÓn Cancha Alfombrada Lirios de Quezaltepeque; Quezaltepeque (2005–2008) games in the Cancha del Estadio Azteca; Ilopaneco (2016) games in the Segunda Division Estadio San Vicente, San Vicente (2023-Present) Estadio Cuscatlán; San Salvador (2001–2005, 2009–2016) Flor Blanca; San Salvador (1950–2001) The team plays its home games in the 45,000 capacity all-seater Estadio Cuscatlán, in San Salvador. Previously the team played at Flor Blanca, where they had played their home matches from 1950 until the end of the 2001 season. The stadium in San Salvador. The team's headquarters are located in TBD. Rivalry Atletico Marte's chief rivalry is with the San Salvador-based team Alianza F.C., against whom they contest the Derbi capitalino. The two teams met 196 times since 1959, with the Alianza winning 87 matches, Atletico Marte winning 50 games and 61 draws. The most recent result was a 1–0 victory by Atletico Marte on the 2 April 2023. Sponsorship Companies that Atletico Marte currently has sponsorship deals with for 2023–2024 includes: Arjam Sports – Official kit suppliers Sevisal – Official sponsors 106.9 FM – Official sponsors AmayaYArias – Official sponsor Current squad As of October 2023 Out on loan In Out Coaching staff Management Notable players Foreign players Players with senior international caps: Jose Moris José Luis Soto Óscar Mejía Luis Tatuaca Rafael Fabricio Pérez Manuel Camacho Luis Ernesto Tapia Jorge Lino Romero Agustín Castillo Fidel Suárez Abdul Thompson Conteh Alejandro Larrea Raúl Esnal World cup players This list all the players that have represented their respective national teams at the World cup. Those in Bold were playing with Atletico Marte when they played : Raúl Magaña Roberto Rivas Santiago Méndez Salvador Cabezas Guillermo Castro Sergio Méndez Luis Guevara Mora Ramón Fagoaga Silvio Aquino José Luis Rugamas Norberto Huezo Guillermo Ragazzone Manuel Camacho Copa America winners Raúl Esnal – Copa América 1983 Amílcar Cabral Cup winners Abdul Thompson Conteh – Amílcar Cabral Cup (1993 Amílcar Cabral Cup) & (1995 Amílcar Cabral Cup) Team captains Club records Sergio Méndez is the all-time leading goalscorer for Atletico Marte, with 146—since joining the club in 1971. Miguel Gonzalez Barillas, who is the comes in second in all competitions with 87. TBD is the club's highest scorer in a single season with TBD goals in 00 appearances in the 1957–58 season. The most goals scored by a player in a single match is 4, This was achieved by TBD in a game against TBD in the 1980 season. The biggest victory recorded by Atletico Marte was 8–1 against Aguila, Primera División, 5 December 1993. Atletico Marte heaviest championship defeats came during the 1989 season: It was against TBD in 1989 (1–7). Longest unbeaten run: 20 matches (1985 season) First and only Salvadoran team to win the CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup (1991) First coach of El Salvador that won three championships consecutively: Salvadoran Conrado Miranda with Atletico Marte in 1955–57. First Salvadoran team to win in Costa Rican: defeating Deportivo Saprissa 2–0, 1952. Last Salvadoran team to win a CONCACAF Competition: 1991 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup Head coaches of Atlético Marte The club's current manager is Salvadoran Edson Flores. 12] There have been TBD permanent and TBD caretaker managers of Atletico Marte since the appointment of the club's first professional manager, Emilio Guardado in 1950. The club's longest-serving manager, in terms of both length of tenure and number of games overseen, is TBD, who managed the club between 1996 and 2018. Argentine José Santacomba was Atletico Marte's first manager from outside the El Salvador. Salvadorans Conrado Miranda and Armando Contreras Palma is the club's most successful coach, having won three Primera División titles and one Copa El Salvador; followed closely by Chilean Hernán Carrasco Vivanco, who won two Primera División titles. List of presidents Atletico Marte have had numerous presidents over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been Military rulers. Here is a complete list from when Jesús Rodolfo Rodríguez took over at the club in 1950, until the present day. Notes https://www.lacarnerds.com/ References External links Football clubs in El Salvador Football clubs in San Salvador Association football clubs established in 1950 1950 establishments in El Salvador A	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D.%20Atl%C3%A9tico%20Marte
The Supermarine S.6B is a British racing seaplane developed by R.J. Mitchell for the Supermarine company to take part in the Schneider Trophy competition of 1931. The S.6B marked the culmination of Mitchell's quest to "perfect the design of the racing seaplane" and represented the cutting edge of aerodynamic technology for the era. The S.6B was last in a line of racing seaplanes to be developed by Supermarine, following the S.4, S.5 and the S.6. Despite these predecessors having previously won the Schneider Trophy competition twice, the development of the S.6B was hampered by wavering government support, which was first promised then withdrawn, and then given once more after a high-profile public campaign encouraged by Lord Rothermere and backed by a substantial donation by Lady Houston. Once government backing had been secured, there were only nine months before the race, so Mitchell's only realistic option was to refine the existing S.6, rather than attempting a new design. The principal differences between the S.6 and the S.6B were the increased power of the Rolls-Royce R engine and redesigned floats: minor aerodynamic refinements typically aimed at drag reduction were also made. A pair of S.6Bs, serials S1595 and S1596, were built for the competition. Flown by members of RAF High Speed Flight, the type competed successfully, winning the Schneider Trophy for Britain. Shortly after the race, S.6B S1596, flown by Flt Lt. George Stainforth, broke the world air speed record, attaining a peak speed of 407.5 mph (655.67 km/h). Development Financing Despite the Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's pledge that government support would be provided for the next British race entrant immediately after Britain's 1929 victory, official funding was withdrawn less than two months later following the Wall Street Crash; the official reason given for the withdrawal that the previous two contests had collected sufficient data on high speed flight, so further expenditure of public money was unwarranted. A further rationale given for the government's revised position was that that original purpose in pioneering high speed seaplanes had been satisfied by this point. A committee established by the Royal Aero Club, responsible for organising the 1931 race, and which included representatives from both the aircraft and aero engine industries, was formed to discuss the feasibility of a privately funded entry, but concluded that not only would this be beyond their financial reach, but that the lack of the highly skilled RAF pilots of the High-Speed Flight would pose a severe problem. The withdrawal of backing resulted in enormous public disappointment: having won two successive races, a British victory in a third race would secure the trophy outright. As ever active in aviation affairs, Lord Rothermere's Daily Mail group of newspapers launched a public appeal for money to support a British race entrant; in response, several thousand pounds were raised. Lady Houston publicly pledged £100,000. The British government also changed its position and announced its support for an entry in January 1931; however, by this point, there were less than nine months left to design, produce and prepare any race entrant. The RAF High Speed Flight was reformed while Mitchell and Rolls-Royce set to work. Redesign and refinement Mitchell, with limited time to prepare an entry, knew that there was not enough time left to design a new aircraft from scratch. The obvious means of improving the S.6's performance was by obtaining more power from the R-Type engine. Engineers at Rolls-Royce had managed to increase the available power of the engine by 400 hp (298 kW), enabling it to now provide up to 2,300 hp (1,715 kW); however, this level of performance was only guaranteed for a short time. To improve the engine performance, the use of an exotic fuel mix was necessary, as well as the adoption of sodium-cooled valves. Instead, he refined the design of the existing Supermarine S.6, the new variant being referred to as the Supermarine S.6B. Mitchell retained the majority of the S.6's design, his efforts being principally focused on improving the prospective aircraft's heat dissipation; speaking on a radio broadcast, he later referred to the S.6B as a "flying radiator". Mitchell decided to use the aircraft's floats as an additional radiator area; these were longer than those of the S.6, their design being supported by a series of wind tunnel tests performed at the National Physical Laboratory, which was also an area in which government support was helpful to the project. The floats were extended forward by some three feet (0.9 m); while longer than their predecessors, they were streamlined and had a smaller frontal area. Other modifications to the airframe design were mostly limited to minor improvements and some strengthening in order to cope with the increased weight of the aircraft. Operational history Competition and records Although the British team faced no competitors, due to misfortunes and delays suffered by other intending participants, the RAF High Speed Flight brought a total of six Supermarine Schneider racers to Calshot Spit on Southampton Water for training and practice. These aircraft were: S.5 serial number N219, second at Venice in 1927, S.5 N220, winner at Venice in 1927, two S.6s with new engines and redesignated as S.6As (N247 that won at Calshot in 1929 and S.6A N248, disqualified at Calshot in 1929), and the newly built S.6Bs, S1595 and S1596. For the competition itself, only the S.6Bs and S.6As were intended to participate. The British plan for the Schneider contest was to have S1595 fly the course alone and, if its speed was not high enough, or the aircraft encountered mechanical failure, then the more-proven S.6A N248 would fly the course. If both S1595 and N248 failed in their attempts, then N247, which was planned to be held in reserve, would be used. The S.6B S1596 was then to attempt the world air speed record. During practice, N247 was destroyed in a takeoff accident, resulting in the death of the pilot, Lieut. G. L. Brinton, R.N., precluding any other plans with only the two S.6Bs and the sole surviving S.6A prepared to conduct the final Schneider run. On 13 September 1931, the Schneider flight was performed by S.6B S1595, piloted by Flt. Lt. John Boothman, attaining a recorded top speed of 340.08 mph (547.19 km/h) and flying seven perfect laps of the triangular course over the Solent, the strait between the Isle of Wight and the British mainland. As the only contender it necessarily won, and the British record of wins entitled them to retain the Schneider trophy permanently. Seventeen days later, another historic flight was performed by S.6B S1596, flown by Flt Lt. George Stainforth, having broken the world air speed record by reaching a peak speed of 407.5 mph (655.67 km/h). Legacy The performance of the S.6B and its forerunners caused Mitchell to be recognised as a great designer of performance aircraft. The S.6B has been hailed as giving the impetus to the development of both the Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft and the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine that powered it. Neither Mitchell nor Supermarine would produce further racing aircraft for successive competitions as work on the development of a new fighter aircraft at the British government's behest had taken precedence. Only 18 days after the S.6B's Schneider triumph the British Air Ministry issued Specification F7/30, which called for an all-metal land-based fighter aircraft and sought innovative solutions aiming at a major improvement in British fighter aircraft. The Ministry specifically invited Supermarine to participate. Accordingly, Mitchell's next endeavour after the S.6B was the design of the company's submission to meet this specification, designated the Type 224. While the Type 224 was a disappointment and was not selected for production, Supermarine's next project led to the development of the legendary Spitfire. The outstanding performance of the S.6B had drawn the attention of not only British military officials and aircraft designers, but internationally as well, influencing new fighter projects in, amongst other nations, both Nazi Germany and the United States. Aircraft on display After the completion of the record-breaking flights, both S.6Bs were retired. The Schneider Trophy winning S.6B S1595 was donated to the Science Museum in London, where it is displayed in an unrestored state. The ultimate fate of S1596 is presently unknown. For a short period of time, S1596 did undergo testing at the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment (MAEE) at Felixstowe. Until the 1960s, S.6A N248 was displayed incorrectly as S1596 at Southampton Royal Pier as a visitor attraction. Operators Royal Air Force High Speed Flight Specifications (S.6B) See also References Notes Bibliography Anderson, John D. Jr. "The Grand Designers." Cambridge University Press, 2018. . Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914, 2nd edition. London: Putnam, 1987. . Bader, Douglas. "Fight for the Sky: the Story of the Spitfire and the Hurricane." Doubleday, 1973. . Ferdinand Andrews, Charles and Eric B. Morgan. "Supermarine aircraft since 1914." Putnam, 1981. . Green, William, ed. "Supermarine's Schneider Seaplanes." Flying Review International, Volume 10, No. 11, July 1967. Lionel Robert James, Cyril. "Letters from London: Seven Essays by C.L.R. James." Signal Books, 2003. . Matthews, Birch. "Race with the Wind: How Air Racing Advanced Aviation." MBI Publishing Company, 2001. . McKinstry, Leo. Spitfire – Portrait of a Legend. London: John Murray, 2007. . Nichols, Mark, ed. Spitfire 70: Invaluable Reference to Britain's Greatest Fighter, Flypast Special. Stamford, Linc, UK: Key Publishing, 1996. Price, Alfred. Spitfire: A Documentary History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1997. . Robertson, Bruce. Spitfire: Story of a Famous Fighter. London: Harleyford, 1962. . Spick, Mike. Supermarine Spitfire. New York: Gallery Books, 1990. . Stephens, Philip H. Industrial design: a practising professional. Hard Pressed Pub., 2002. . Winchester, Jim. "Supermarine S.6B". Concept Aircraft: Prototypes, X-Planes and Experimental Aircraft. Kent, UK: Grange Books plc., 2005. . External links Air racing history RJ Mitchell: A life in aviation, 1931 Schneider Trophy, Cowes 16mm B&W Newsreel footage of 1931 Schneider Trophy "The Supermarine S.6b", Popular Mechanics, December 1931, complete detailed cutaway drawings of S.6B Photo walk around by Don Busack of the actual Schneider Trophy winning Supermarine S.6B displayed at the Science Museum, London. "The Supermarine S.6B Monoplane." Flight,'' 2 October 1931, pp. 981–982. Further information about a replica S.6B at the Planes of Fame Air Museum, Chino, California 1930s British sport aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1931 Floatplanes Low-wing aircraft Schneider Trophy Single-engined tractor aircraft S.6B	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine%20S.6B
Anthony Stewart may refer to: A. T. Q. Stewart (1929–2010), academic historian and author from Northern Ireland Anthony Stewart (ice hockey) (born 1985), ice hockey player Anthony Stewart (footballer) (born 1992), English footballer Anthony Stewart (rugby league) (born 1979), Irish rugby league player Anthony Stewart (basketball player) (born 1970), Australian basketball player Anthony Stewart (basketball coach) (1970–2020), American college basketball coach Anthony Stewart (businessman), owner of the ship Peggy Stewart, burned in the "Annapolis Tea Party", 1774 See also Anthony Stuart (disambiguation) Tony Stewart (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Stewart
The dihu (低胡, pinyin: dīhú) is a large bowed string instrument from China. It has a large soundbox covered on one end with snakeskin. Like most other members of the huqin family of instruments, it has two strings and is held vertically. The instrument's name derives from "dī," meaning "low," and "hú" (short for huqin). Sizes The instrument comes in three sizes: The xiaodihu (小低胡, also called dahu or cizhonghu), pitched one octave below the erhu (tuned D-A, with its lowest D one whole step above the viola's lowest C). It is the tenor member of the erhu family (the erhu being the soprano member and the zhonghu being the alto member). The zhongdihu (中低胡, pitched one octave below the zhonghu, (tuned G-D, as the middle strings of the cello). It is the bass member of the erhu family. The dadihu (大低胡, pitched one octave below the xiaodihu and two octaves below the erhu (tuned D-A, with its lowest D one whole step above the cello's lowest C). It is the contrabass member of the erhu family. Overview The dihu family was developed for orchestral use in the 1930s as lower members of the erhu family (the erhu being the soprano member and the zhonghu being the alto member) to increase the pitch range of the instruments used in a Chinese orchestra and allow music with harmony to be played. However, by the late 20th century it had largely fallen into disuse, part of the reason being that it is unwieldy to play. Also, the fact that (like other instruments in the huqin family) the bow passes between the instrument's two strings means that playing pizzicato is difficult; thus, the larger four-string gehu and diyingehu (or cello or double bass) are generally used in Chinese orchestras for the lower bowed string voices instead. See also Dahu (instrument) Diyingehu Laruan Huqin Traditional Chinese musical instruments References External links Dihu page (Chinese) Xiaodihu photo (xiaodihu on left; erhu on right for comparison) Zhongdihu photo (zhongdihu on left; erhu on right for comparison) Dadihu photo (dadihu on left; erhu on right for comparison) Bowed instruments Chinese musical instruments Drumhead lutes Huqin family instruments	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihu
ʿUmayr ibn Saʿd al-Anṣārī (Arabic: عمير بن سعد الأنصاري) was a companion of Muhammad. His father died when Umayr was young, leaving him and his mother poor and destitute. His mother eventually remarried to one of the richest men in Medina, Julas ibn Suwayd from the powerful tribe of al-Aws. When he was barely ten years old, Umayr became a Muslim and was known to frequent the mosque despite his young age. In 630 Muhammad announced his intention to lead an expedition to Tabuk against the Byzantine forces. He ordered the Muslims to make the necessary preparations. Shortly before the army was due to set out, Umayr returned home after performing Salat in the mosque. He was surprised that his stepfather Julas was so slow in preparing for the expedition and at his delay in contributing. Umayr related what he had seen at the mosque - young men who had come to enlist in the army and were turned away because of insufficient means of transport. Julas' response was shocking. "If Muhammad is true in claiming that he is a Prophet then we are all worse than donkeys." Umayr could not believe what he had heard and was forced to choose between preserving his relationship with Julas and dealing with his treachery and hypocrisy. The choice was painful, but he went to the mosque and told Muhammad what he had heard from his stepfather. Muhammad then summoned Julas who denied the allegations against him, claiming his stepson had lied. Umayr then prayed: "O Lord, send down a revelation on Your Prophet to verify what I have told him." As the companions turned to Umayr, they saw that Muhammad was inspired. Having received the revelation he recited: يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللّهِ مَا قَالُواْ وَلَقَدْ قَالُواْ كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُواْ بَعْدَ إِسْلاَمِهِمْ وَهَمُّواْ بِمَا لَمْ يَنَالُواْ وَمَا نَقَمُواْ إِلاَّ أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ فَإِن يَتُوبُواْ يَكُ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ وَإِن يَتَوَلَّوْا يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللّهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلاَ نَصِيرٍ "(The hypocrites) swear by God that they have said (nothing wrong); yet most certainly they have uttered a saying which is a denial of the truth, and have thus denied the truth after having professed their self-surrender to God; for they were aiming at something which was beyond their reach. And they could find no fault (with the Faith) save that God had enriched them and (caused) His Apostle to enrich them out of His bounty. Hence, if they repent, it will be for their own good; but if they turn away, God will cause them to suffer a grievous suffering in this world and in the life to come and they will find no helper on earth, and none to give them succour." (The Qur'an, Surah at-Tawbah, 9:74). Julas turned to Muhammad and said, "I do repent. Umayr told the truth and I lied. I beseech God to accept my repentance..." Julas reformed and was a faithful Muslim thereafter. Whenever Umayr was mentioned, Julas would say: "My God reward Umayr with goodness on my behalf. He certainly saved me from kufr and preserved my neck from the fire of hell." During the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab, Umayr ibn Sad was appointed governor Homs, Syria. This was despite Umayr's position as head of a Muslim army traversing the Arabian peninsula and the region of greater Syria. Umayr accepted the appointment as governor reluctantly, preferring nothing better than Jihad. He was still quite young, in his early twenties. References Companions of the Prophet Rashidun governors of Hims History of Homs Governorate	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayr%20ibn%20Sa%27d%20al-Ansari
Heikki Saari (alias "Mörkö", "kermis" or "kmn") (born on 8 September 1984 and originating from Veteli, Finland) is the current drummer for Whorion and Finntroll. He is also the live drummer for Tuoni and former drummer of Norther and Amberian Dawn. He started playing drums around 1987 and influences include Scarve, Opeth, Soilwork, Ensiferum, Disarmonia Mundi, Dream Theater, Meshuggah, Annihilator, Deathchain, Hate Eternal, Rotten Sound, Rytmihäiriö, Sevendust, and Wintersun. Discography with Whorion Fall of Atlas The Reign Of The Seventh Sector with Norther Frozen Angel (single for the movie Vares 2: Jäätynyt Enkeli) No Way Back EP N with Finntroll Vredesvävd with Virtuocity (Played under the pseudonym Joey Edith) Northern Twilight Symphony with Atheme One Atheme One has recorded a four-song promotional EP and two songs, titled "Dreamchaser" and "World of Insanity", are available for download. Currently band is not working anymore under this title, but under name of Amberian Dawn with a different drummer as Heikki left the band at the end of 2006. Session Work Heikki was recruited by Scottish metal band Hellbound, along with Aleksi Sihvonen from Norther, on their debut EP. Since 2017, he has been the live session drummer for Wintersun. External links Whorion website Heikki's Youtube channel Official Norther website Official Norther MySpace -profile EndlessWar, an extensive fansite Official Amberian Dawn website NORTHER - the Finnish Breeze fansite Russian Norther Fansite Official hellhole of Heikki Saari References / Notes All of the information in this article was compiled from information on the Official Norther website, the Official Norther Forum, and the EndlessWar member information page. Photo found at Spinefarm Records press area. 1984 births People from Hyvinkää Living people Finnish heavy metal drummers Amberian Dawn members 21st-century drummers Norther members Finntroll members	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heikki%20Saari
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure. The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables. Etymology and usages The word scape (Latin scapus, from Greek σκᾶπος), as used in botany, is fairly vague and arbitrary; various sources provide divergent definitions. Some older usages simply amount to a stem or stalk in general, but modern formal usage tends to favour the likes of "A long flower stalk rising directly from the root or rhizome", or "a long, naked, or nearly naked, peduncle, rising direct from the base of a plant, whether 1- or many-fid." Other authorities refer to the scape rising directly from the ground, without morphological analysis. For example: "A leafless floral axis or peduncle arising from the ground, as in Cyclamen". Practical definition The modern trend is towards usefully distinguishing the definition of "scape" from those of related, but more general, terms such as peduncle and inflorescence. It now is rarely used for such objects as stems or inflorescences in general. However, it is not easy to find coherent and fully general definitions. Typical examples from authoritative online sources include the following: "a peduncle arising at or beneath the surface of the ground in an acaulescent plant... broadly: a flower stalk...", "a leafless stalk in plants that arises from a rosette of leaves and bears one or more flowers..." and several more very similar. All those definitions are descriptive, but morphologically vacuous. In contrast, a professional botanical publication puts the matter plainly in a key to Eriogonum: "Scapes (the first internode)... Botanically, any such structure is practically of necessity an internode". Description In the purest sense, that of a smooth stem without leaves or branches, a scape is a single internode. It might comprise an entire peduncle with just one flower (e.g. Tulipa) or just the basal internode of a peduncle. This is in contrast to the typical compound peduncle, which morphologically speaking is derived from a branch, or from an entire shoot. A single scape may bear a single flower or many, depending on the species. When it bears more than one flower, there is the terminal part of an inflorescence on top, as in Amaryllis. Compare this with say, the peduncle of Agave, which sensu stricto, is not a scape. Scapes are found on plants of many families, including Amaryllidaceae, Asphodelaceae, Balsaminaceae, Liliaceae, Papaveraceae, Droseraceae, and Violaceae. References Plant morphology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scape%20%28botany%29
CSN3 may refer to: CSN3 (gene), a human gene which encodes the protein kappa-casein Saint-Jérôme Aerodrome, a private airport in Quebec, Canada	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSN3
A dipsogen is an agent that causes thirst. (From Greek: δίψα (dipsa), "thirst" and the suffix -gen, "to create".) Physiology Angiotensin II is thought to be a powerful dipsogen, and is one of the products of the renin–angiotensin pathway, a biological homeostatic mechanism for the regulation of electrolytes and water. External links 'Fluid Physiology' by Kerry Brandis (from http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com) Physiology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipsogen
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards) were an annual Australian entertainment industry award, that where established in 1975, to recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia. They were last awarded in 2016. Lucky Grills, actor and comedian came up with the idea to create an awards show to celebrate Australian Variety, during a meeting in 1975. The Mo Awards, initially were founded as the Star Awards and were a state honour in New South Wales only, local entertainers started the awards to promote the live entertainment industry in New South Wales. Johnny O'Keefe became chairman in 1976, and decided the awards should become an Australia-wide national awards program. Entertainer Don Lane then proposed the awards be renamed the Mo Awards in honour of Australian comedian and vaudevillian Roy Rene, who was famous for the character "Mo McCackie." Categories The award categories were reviewed annually and adapted to new trends in the Australian entertainment sector; categories included awards in: musical theatre, opera, Classical music, dance, comedy, rock music, jazz, country music, plays and variety shows. Award winners The Award winners are listed below. 1975: NSW Star Awards The NSW Star Awards took place on 10 November 1975 at South Sydney Seniors Leagues Club – Redfern. It was compered by Frank Newall. AGENT OF THE YEAR: Brian Fogarty BEST BALLET: Marrickville RSL (Greg Radford) RESIDENT BAND UP TO 4 MEMBERS: Bob Taylor RESIDENT BAND 5 OR MORE: Billy Burton CLUB OF THE YEAR: Central Coast Leagues Club MOST IMPROVED ACT: Llynda Nairn ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Llynda Nairn VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd VOCAL GROUP: The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Mal Cunningham SPECIALTY ACT: The Allisons VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Erris and Kevin COMEDY ACT: Johnny Pace and Harriet COMEDIAN: Slim De Grey MALE VOCAL: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL: Jenifer Green SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION AWARD: John Campbell ACT OF THE YEAR: Don Lane and The Four Kinsmen (tie) 1976: 1st Mo Awards The first MO Awards took place on 13 October 1976 at Revesby, New South Wales Revesby Workers Club. It was compered by Don Lane. This year the ceremony was telecast by the Nine Network. BEST RESIDENT BAND: Billy Burton Orchestra BEST BALLET: Joanne Ansell Dancers BEST CLUB: Central Coast Leagues Club MOST IMPROVED ACT: Mario D'Andrea BEST VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd BEST VOCAL GROUP: The Four Kinsmen BEST SIGHT ACT: Ken Littlewood & Toshi BEST INSTRUMENTALIST: The Toppanos MOST VERSATILE ACT: Frankie Davidson BEST COMEDY ACT: Johnny Pace and Harriet COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Slim De Grey BEST MALE VOCAL: Barry Crocker BEST FEMALE VOCAL: Julie Anthony SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION AWARD: Johnny O'Keefe ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Barry Crocker 1977: 2nd Mo Awards The second MO Awards took place on 16 November 1977 at Revesby, New South Wales Revesby Workers Club. BEST RESIDENT BAND (5 OR LESS): Bob Taylor Quartet BEST RESIDENT BAND (6 0R MORE): Billy Burton Orchestra BEST RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Joanne Ansell Dancers CLUB PROVIDING BEST FACILITIES FOR PRESENTATION OF ENTERTAINMENT: Central Coast Leagues Club MOST IMPROVED OR NEW ACT OF THE YEAR: Nairn Goby Duo VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Simone and Monique's Playgirls Revue VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd VOCAL GROUP (3 OR MORE): The Four Kinsmen BEST SIGHT or SPECIALITY ACT: Ken Littlewood and Toshi & Barry Krause (Tie) BEST INSTRUMENTAL ACT: The Toppanos MOST VERSATILE ACT: Ross and Robyn COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): The Rhythmaires COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Jan Adele MALE VOCAL: Barry Crocker FEMALE VOCAL: Julie Anthony MO FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Bobby Le Brun ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Julie Anthony 1978: 3rd Mo Awards The third MO Awards took place on 14 February 1979 at Revesby, New South Wales Revesby Workers Club. It was compered by Jimmy Hannan. BEST RESIDENT BAND (5 OR LESS): Bob Taylor Quartet BEST RESIDENT BAND (6 0R MORE): Billy Burton Orchestra RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Diane Heaton Dancers CLUB PROVIDING BEST FACILITIES & SUPPORTING LOCAL ENTERTAINMENT: Epping RSL Club VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Simone and Monique's Playgirls Revue INSTRUMENTAL/VOCAL SHOWGROUP: The Fugitives VOCAL GROUP (2 OR MORE): The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTALIST: Mal Cunningham SPECIALITY ACT: Steve Bor VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Ross and Robyn COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): The Rhythmaires COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Slim De Grey MALE VOCAL: Johnny Farnham FEMALE VOCAL: Julie Anthony JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Keith Scott ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Julie Anthony 1979: 4th Mo Awards The fourth MO Awards took place on 13 February 1980 at Revesby Workers Club. It was compered by Barry Crocker. ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR LESS): Bob Taylor Quintet & Jack Thorpe's Showband (tie) ACCOMPANYING BAND (6 OR MORE): Sounds United RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Diane Heaton Dancers CLUB PROVIDING BEST FACILITIES & SUPPORTING LOCAL ENTERTAINMENT: Epping RSL Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: Men of Country COUNTRY MALE ENTERTAINER: Johnny Ashcroft COUNTRY FEMALE ENTERTAINER: Allison Durbin VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Simone and Monique's Playgirls Revue VOCAL GROUP: The Flanagans INSTRUMENTAL/VOCAL SHOWGROUP: The Fugitives INSTRUMENTALIST: Mal Cunningham SPECIALITY ACT: Steve Bor VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Carter Edwards COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): The Rhythmaires COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Brian Doyle MALE VOCAL: John Farnham FEMALE VOCAL: Kirri Adams JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Jack Griffiths DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD: Don Lane JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Family Affair ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Ricky May 5th Mo Awards Technically, there was no 5th awards. Following the 1979 awards in 1980, the organisation updated the numbering to reflect the 1975 Star Awards were the 1st, thus renumbering following ceremonies. 1980: 6th Mo Awards The sixth MO Awards took place on 23 February 1981 at Regent Theatre (Sydney). It was compered by Barry Crocker. ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR LESS): Bob Taylor Quintet ACCOMPANYING BAND (6 OR MORE): Sound Unlimited RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Diane Heaton Dancers (Epping RSL Club Troupe) RESIDENT COMPERE: Jeff Parker CLUB OF THE YEAR: Rooty Hill RSL Club COUNTRY GROUP: Roadapple COUNTRY MALE: Greg Anderson COUNTRY FEMALE: Allison Durbin VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Toppano Family Show SHOWGROUP: The Fugitives VOCAL GROUP: Family Affair VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd INSTRUMENTALIST (SOLO or DUO): Mal Cunningham VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL (SOLO or DUO): Greg Bonham SPECIALTY ACT: Steve Bor VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Ross and Robyn COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): The Rhythmaires COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Brian Doyle MALE VOCAL: John Farnham FEMALE VOCAL: Julie Anthony JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Col Joye DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD: Don Lane JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Simon Gallaher ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: John Farnham 1981: 7th Mo Awards The seventh MO Awards took place on 17 March 1982 at Bankstown Town Hall. It was compered by Toni Stevens & Steve Raymond ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR LESS): Dave Bridge Band ACCOMPANYING BAND (6 0R MORE): Norm Faber Orchestra RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Diane Heaton Dancers RESIDENT COMPERE: Rickie Hilder CLUB OF THE YEAR: Rooty Hill RSL Club COUNTRY GROUP: Men Of Country COUNTRY MALE: Greg Anderson COUNTRY FEMALE: Judy Stone VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Simone and Monique's Playgirls Revue VOCAL GROUP: The Four Kinsmen VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd INSTRUMENTAL/VOCAL SHOWGROUP: Daly Wilson Big Band INSTRUMENTALIST (SOLO or DUO): Peta Lowe VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL (SOLO or DUO): Simon Gallaher SPECIALITY ACT: Steve Bor VERSATILE VARIETY: Carter Edwards COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): The Rhythmaires COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Johnny Garfield MALE VOCAL: John Farnham FEMALE VOCAL: Lynn Rogers JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Jenny Howard DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD: Don Lane JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Jackie Love ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Barry Crocker 1982: 8th Mo Awards The eighth MO Awards took place on 16 March 1983 at Regent Theatre (Sydney). It was compered by Barry Crocker ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR LESS): Dave Bridge Band ACCOMPANYING BAND (6 0R MORE): Impax RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Diane Heaton Dancers RESIDENT COMPERE: Jeff Parker VENUE OF THE YEAR: Bankstown Sports Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: Buckskin COUNTRY MALE: Digby Richards COUNTRY FEMALE: Judy Stone VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Jan Adele and Lucky Grills – Fun Follies SHOWGROUP: Daly Wilson Big Band VOCAL GROUP: The Delltones VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd INSTRUMENTALIST (SOLO or DUO): Peta Lowe VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Simon Gallaher SPECIALITY ACT: Steve Bor VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Marty Morton COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): The Rhythmaires COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Paul Martell MALE VOCAL: John Farnham FEMALE VOCAL: Julie Anthony JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Dorothy Barry DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD: Kamahl JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Karen Beckett ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Julie Anthony 1983: 9th Mo Awards The ninth MO Awards took place on 21 March 1984 at Sydney Town Hall. ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR LESS): Bob Taylor Quintet ACCOMPANYING BAND (6 OR MORE): Impax RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Diane Heaton Dancers RESIDENT COMPERE: Rickie Hilder VENUE OF THE YEAR: Rooty Hill RSL Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: The Bushwackers COUNTRY MALE: Greg Anderson COUNTRY FEMALE: Judy Stone PRODUCTION SHOW: Eddie Youngblood's "Golden Years of Elvis" VOCAL GROUP: The Delltones VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd INSTRUMENTAL/VOCAL SHOWGROUP: Wickety Wak Showband INSTRUMENTALIST (SOLO OR DUO): Peta Lowe SPECIALITY ACT: Ken Littlewood and Toshi VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Mary Schneider VERSATILE VARIETY: Marty Morton COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): Thomas and Moore COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Paul Martell MALE VOCAL: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL: Jackie Love INTERNATIONAL ACT OF THE YEAR: Peter Allen JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Buster Noble DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD: Kamahl JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Jenny Andrews & Tina Cross (tie) ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Jon English 1984: 10th Mo Awards The tenth MO Awards took place on 1 May 1985 at the Sydney Opera House. ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR LESS): Dave Bridge Band ACCOMPANYING BAND (6 OR MORE): Impax - Fairfield RSL Club RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Diane Heaton Dancers RESIDENT COMPERE: Jeff Parker VENUE OF THE YEAR: Seagulls Rugby League Football Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: Redgum MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Wayne Horsburgh FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Judy Stone PRODUCTION SHOW: Eddie Youngblood's "Golden Years of Elvis" INSTRUMENTAL/VOCAL SHOWGROUP: Wickety Wak Showband VOCAL GROUP (3 OR MORE): The Ritz Company VOCAL DUO: Bill and Boyd INSTRUMENTALIST: Martin Lass VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Mary Schneider SPECIALITY ACT: Ken Littlewood and Toshi VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: David Gilchrist COMEDY ACT (2 OR MORE): Gallagher and Brown COMEDIAN/COMEDIENNE: Paul Martell SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION AWARDS: Paul Flanagan & Robyn Selwyn MALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Lynn Rogers INTERNATIONAL ACT OF THE YEAR: Peter Allen JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Tommy Tycho DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD: Kamahl JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Donna Lee ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Jon English 1985: 11th Mo Awards The eleventh MO Awards took place on 30 April 1986 at the South Sydney Junior Leagues Club. The show was directed by Ian Tasker. ACCOMPANYING BAND (4 OR LESS): Trojans ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR MORE): Impax - Fairfield RSL Club RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Michelle Day Dancers RESIDENT COMPERE: Rickie Hilder VENUE OF THE YEAR: Rooty Hill RSL Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: Grand Junction MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Slim Dusty FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Judy Stone PRODUCTION SHOW: The Fifty's ROCK GROUP: Little River Band SHOWGROUP: The Delltones VOCAL GROUP (2 OR MORE): The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTALIST: Martin Lass VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Mary Schneider SPECIALITY ACT: Max Gillies VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Donna Lee COMEDY ACT: Rodney Rude MALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Jon English FEMALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Debbie Byrne JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Billy Kearns JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Rikki Organ ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Jon English 1986: 12th Mo Awards The twelfth MO Awards took place on 25 March 1987 at Bankstown Sports Club. The show was directed by Bruce Henries. ACCOMPANYING BAND (4 OR LESS): Trojans ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR MORE): Woomera – Mt Pritchard Community Club RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Dianne Heaton Dancers RESIDENT COMPERE: Rickie Hilder VENUE OF THE YEAR: Petersham RSL Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: The Bushwackers MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: John Williamson FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Judy Stone ROCK GROUP: INXS PRODUCTION SHOW: The Fifty's SHOWGROUP: Wickety Wak VOCAL GROUP (2 OR MORE): The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTALIST: Martin Lass VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Mary Schneider SPECIALITY ACT: Marty Coffee VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Marty Morton COMEDY ACT: Paul Martell DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – GROUP: The Four Kinsmen DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – FEMALE: Jackie Love DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – MALE: John Farnham MALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Jackie Love & Julie Anthony JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Dannielle Gaha ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: John Farnham 1987: 13th Mo Awards The thirteenth MO Awards took place on 13 April 1988 at Rooty Hill RSL Club. ACCOMPANYING BAND (4 OR LESS): Trojans ACCOMPANYING BAND (5 OR MORE): Woomera – Mt Pritchard Community Club RESIDENT or CASUAL BALLET: Dianne Heaton Dancers RESIDENT COMPERE: Rickie Hilder VENUE OF THE YEAR: Petersham RSL Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: Redgum MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: John Williamson FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Judy Stone ROCK GROUP: Icehouse PRODUCTION SHOW: The Fifty's VOCAL GROUP (2 OR MORE): The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTALIST: Martin Lass VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Mary Schneider SPECIALITY ACT: Ken Littlewood & Toshi MOST OUTSTANDING VARIETY ACT: Wickety Wak VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Mark Loyd with Pleasure COMEDY ACT: Brian Doyle DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – GROUP: Sophisticated Country DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – FEMALE: Jane Scali DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – MALE: John Farnham MALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: John Farnham FEMALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Jackie Love JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Doug Burgess JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Syd Heylen Jnr ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: John Farnham 1988: 14th Mo Awards The fourteenth MO Awards took place on 22 February 1989 at AJC Royal Randwick. It was compered by Kerri-Anne Kennerley. ACCOMPANYING BAND: Trojans CHOREOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR: Ross Coleman VENUE OF THE YEAR: Petersham RSL Club COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: The Bushwackers MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: John Williamson FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Judy Stone ROCK GROUP: INXS MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Geraldine Turner and Debra Byrne (tie) MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Philip Quast JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison PRODUCTION SHOW: The Fifty's VOCAL GROUP (2 OR MORE): The Rhythmaires BEST GROUP: The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTALIST/VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Martin Lass SPECIALITY ACT: The Allisons (Rick & Debbie) VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: David Gilchrist and Mark Loyd with Pleasure COMEDY ACT: Thomas & Moore DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – GROUP: Sophisticated Country DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – FEMALE: Julie Anthony DAILY TELEGRAPH READERS AWARD – MALE: John Farnham MALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: John Farnham FEMALE VOCAL ENTERTAINER: Julie Anthony MOST OUTSTANDING CLUB ACT: Col Joye AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR – Paul Hogan JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Ricky May JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Tête à Tête ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Ricky May 1989: 15th Mo Awards The fifteenth MO Awards took place on 21 February 1990 at AJC Royal Randwick. It was compered by Ray Martin. ACCOMPANYING BAND: Trojans COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Norm Erskine VENUE OF THE YEAR: Blacktown Workers Club CIRCUS PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Flying Fruit Fly Circus CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Sydney Symphony Orchestra CONTEMPORARY CONCERT PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kate Ceberano DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Sydney Dance Company OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Robert Gard FOLK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR:Judy Small COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: The Happening Thang MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: James Blundell FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Deniese Morrison COUNTRY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Wayne Horsburgh ROCK PERFORMER MALE: Paul Kelly ROCK PERFORMER FEMALE: Kate Ceberano ROCK GROUP: Paul Kelly and the Messengers ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kate Ceberano MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: 42nd Street SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Toni Lamond SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: John Bell MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Debra Byrne MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Cameron Daddo JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR MALE: James Morrison JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR FEMALE: Kerrie Biddell JAZZ GROUP: Ten Part Invention JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison CABARET PRODUCTION SHOW: The Fifty's CABARET DUO/TRIO: Triple Treat CABARET GROUP: The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTALIST/VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Martin Lass SPECIALITY ACT: The Allisons VERSATILE CABARET PERFORMANCE: Mark Loyd with Pleasure COMEDY GROUP: Wickety Wak COMEDY PERFORMER MALE: Bobby Dennis COMEDY PERFORMER FEMALE: Geraldine Doyle MALE VOCAL CABARET ENTERTAINER: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL CABARET ENTERTAINER: Jackie Love CABARET PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Tony Pantano AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Kylie Minogue JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Maurie Rooklyn JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Mark Kristian AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison 1990: 16th Mo Awards The sixteenth MO Awards took place on 17 February 1991 at State Theatre (Sydney). It was compered by Ray Martin, Maggie Kirkpatrick, Brian Doyle and Steve Vizard. ACCOMPANYING BAND: Trojans COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Rickie Hilder VENUE OF THE YEAR: Petersham RSL CIRCUS PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Circus Oz CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Stuart Challender CONTEMPORARY CONCERT PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: John Farnham DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Sydney Dance Company - King Roger OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Australian Opera – La boheme FOLK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Eric Bogle COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: The Happening Thang MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Wayne Horsburgh FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Jean Stafford COUNTRY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison ROCK PERFORMER MALE: Joe Camilleri ROCK PERFORMER FEMALE: Wendy Matthews ROCK GROUP: Midnight Oil ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Midnight Oil MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: The Phantom of the Opera SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Christa Leahman SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Jonathan Biggins MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Marina Prior MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Anthony Warlow MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Anthony Warlow JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR MALE: James Morrison JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR FEMALE: Kate Ceberano JAZZ GROUP: Mike Nock Quartet JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison CABARET PRODUCTION SHOW: Greg Anderson's Electric Spectacular CABARET DUO/TRIO: Mark Loyd With Pleasure CABARET GROUP: Black Tie INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Martin Lass SPECIALITY ACT: Leaping Loonies VERSATILE CABARET PERFORMANCE: Tony Field and Flame COMEDY GROUP: Lester and Smart COMEDY PERFORMER MALE: Brian Doyle COMEDY PERFORMER FEMALE: Geraldine Doyle MALE VOCAL CABARET PERFORMER: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL CABARET PERFORMER: Jane Scali CABARET PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Tony Pantano AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Dame Joan Sutherland JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Norman Kermond JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: John Bowles AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Dame Joan Sutherland 1991: 17th Mo Awards The seventeenth MO Awards took place on 4 June 1992 at Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. It was compered by Geraldine Doyle, Terry Willesee and Larry Emdur. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Bill and Boyd ACCOMPANYING BAND: Trojans RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Damon Hartley COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Stephen 'Spud' Murphy VENUE OF THE YEAR: Petersham RSL CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Stuart Challender DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Miranda Coney and Greg Horsman OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: OperaAustralia - Rigoletto FOLK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Archie Roach COUNTRY SHOWGROUP: The Happening Thang MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: John Williamson FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Anne Kirkpatrick COUNTRY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: John Williamson ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Crowded House MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: The Phantom of the Opera SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Maria Mercedes SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: William Zappa MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Judi Connelli MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Anthony Warlow MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Anthony Warlow OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: David Atkins JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR MALE: Dale Barlow JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR FEMALE: Judy Bailey JAZZ GROUP: Free Spirits JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Dale Barlow VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Licensed to Thrill VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Tony Field and Flame VARIETY GROUP: The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Wayne King SPECIALITY ACT: Phil Cass VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: David Gilchrist COMEDY GROUP: Thomas and Moore COMEDY PERFORMER MALE: Brian Doyle COMEDY PERFORMER FEMALE: Geraldine Doyle COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Paul Martell MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Jane Scali VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Four Kinsmen AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Jason Donovan JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: June Evans MOST SUCCESS ATTRACTION OF THE YEAR: John Williamson JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Jenni and Michael AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Stuart Challender 1992: 18th Mo Awards The eighteenth MO Awards took place on 9 June 1993 at Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. It was compered by David Reyne and Marty Rhone. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Take Two ACCOMPANYING BAND: Trojans RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Damon Hartley COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Frank Garaty VENUE OF THE YEAR: Petersham RSL CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Richard Tognetti DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Paul Mercurio OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Suzanne Johnston FOLK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Archie Roach COUNTRY GROUP: The Fargone Beauties MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Lee Kernaghan FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Anne Kirkpatrick COUNTRY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Lee Kernaghan ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Yothu Yindi MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: The Phantom of the Opera SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Nancye Hayes SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Peter Carroll MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Delia Hannah MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: David Atkins MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: David Atkins OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: Gale Edwards JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR MALE: Dale Barlow JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR FEMALE: Sandy Evans JAZZ GROUP: Bernie McGann Trio JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Bob Barnard VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Licensed to Thrill VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Mark Loyd With Pleasure VARIETY GROUP: The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTAL ACT: James Edward SPECIALITY ACT: Phil Cass VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Peter Kaye COMEDY GROUP: Thomas and Moore COMEDY PERFORMER MALE: Paul Martell COMEDY PERFORMER FEMALE: Wendy Harmer COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Paul Martell MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Tony Pantano FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Jane Scali VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Four Kinsmen AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Yothu Yindi JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Don Burrows MOST SUCCESS ATTRACTION OF THE YEAR: John Williamson JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: The 4 Trax AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Yothu Yindi 1993: 19th Mo Awards The nineteenth MO Awards took place on 14 June 1994 at Her Majesty's Theatre, Sydney It was compered by John Mangos. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Twin Set ACCOMPANYING BAND: The Lionel Huntington Orchestra RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: John Adams COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Dee Donovan VENUE OF THE YEAR: Blacktown Workers Club CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Richard Tognetti DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Stephen Page OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: David Hobson FOLK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kev Carmody COUNTRY GROUP: Fargone Beauties MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Lee Kernaghan FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Gina Jeffreys COUNTRY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Lee Kernaghan ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Crowded House MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Into The Woods SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Sharon Millerchip MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Judi Connelli MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Philip Quast MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Philip Quast OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: Brian Thomson JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Dale Barlow JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kerrie Biddell JAZZ GROUP: Bobby Gebert Trio JAZZ PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Bobby Gebert VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Licensed to Thrill VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Triple Treat VARIETY GROUP: The Four Kinsmen INSTRUMENTAL ACT: Igor Cavdarski SPECIALITY ACT: Phil Cass VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Peter Kaye COMEDY GROUP: The Umbilical Brothers VARIETY COMEDY PERFORMER: Geraldine Doyle NEW WAVE COMEDY PERFORMER: Steady Eddy COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Steady Eddy MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Wayne Cornell FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Julie Anthony VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Four Kinsmen AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Barry Humphries JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Colleen Clifford JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Igor Cavdarski AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Anthony Warlow 1994: 20th Mo Awards The twentieth MO Awards took place on 28 June 1995 at Regent Hotel, Sydney. It was compered by Alan Jones. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Twin Set ACCOMPANYING BAND: The Lionel Huntington Orchestra RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Toni Venditti COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Dee Donovan VENUE OF THE YEAR: Blacktown Workers Club CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Richard Tognetti DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Steven Heathcote OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Yvonne Kenny COUNTRY GROUP: Fargone Beauties MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Lee Kernaghan and Graeme Connors (tie) FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Gina Jeffreys ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Cruel Sea MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: West Side Story SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Caroline O'Connor MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Marina Prior MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: David Atkins OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: Brian Thomson JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Bernie McGann JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Marie Wilson JAZZ GROUP: The Catholics VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Licensed to Thrill VARIETY DUO/TRIO: The Flanagans VARIETY GROUP: The 4 Trax VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Joey Fimmano INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Ross Maio SPECIALITY ACT: Richard Scholes VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Peter Kaye COMEDY GROUP: The Umbilical Brothers VARIETY COMEDY PERFORMER: Paul Martell NEW WAVE COMEDY PERFORMER: Steady Eddy and Vince Sorrenti MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Wayne Cornell FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Jenifer Green VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The 4 Trax AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: David Atkins 20TH ANNIVERSARY YOUTH ACHIEVEMENT: Lucinda Bryant JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Jack Neary and Geoff Mack JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Melinda Schneider AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Tommy Emmanuel 1995: 21st Mo Awards The twenty-first MO Awards took place on 18 June 1996 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was compered by Kerri-Anne Kennerley. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Brian King and Darren Williams (tie) ACCOMPANYING BAND: Western Front RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: B Lloyd/J Dwyer/D Williams/P Walker/J Adler COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Neil Hanson VENUE OF THE YEAR: Wentworthville Leagues Club CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Simone Young MALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Dein Perry FEMALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Rosalind Crisp OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Graham Pushee COUNTRY GROUP: The Dead Ringer Band MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Wayne Horsburgh FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Felicity Urquhart ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Tina Arena MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Hello Dolly SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Bert Newton MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Jill Perryman MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Anthony Warlow OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: David Atkins JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Sandy Evans JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kerrie Biddell JAZZ GROUP: Ten Part Invention VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Licensed to Thrill VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Triple Treat VARIETY GROUP: The Four Kinsmen VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Joey Fimmano INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Bernard Walz SPECIALITY ACT: Murray Raine VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Phil Cass COMEDY GROUP: The Umbilical Brothers VARIETY COMEDY PERFORMER: Col Elliott NEW WAVE COMEDY PERFORMER: Steady Eddy MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Stephen Fisher-King FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Julie Anthony VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Four Kinsmen AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: David Atkins JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Angry Anderson JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Davidia Coombes AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Tina Arena 1996: 22nd Mo Awards The twenty-second MO Awards took place on 18 June 1997 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was compered by Susie Elelman. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Darren Williams ACCOMPANYING BAND: Ron Hearne Band RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Toni Venditti COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Mark Kristian VENUE OF THE YEAR: Petersham RSL Club CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Michael Kieran Harvey MALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Dein Perry FEMALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Vicki Attard OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Elizabeth Whitehouse COUNTRY GROUP: Dead Ringer Band MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Graeme Connors FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Gina Jeffreys ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: You Am I MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Beauty and the Beast SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Caroline O’Connor MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Sharon Millerchip MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Hugh Jackman and Michael Cormick (Tie) OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: Greg Crease JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Bob Barnard JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Vince Jones JAZZ GROUP: Directions In Groove VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Licensed to Thrill VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Andrews Sisters VARIETY GROUP: The Four Kinsmen VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Joey Fimmano INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Bernard Walz SPECIALITY ACT: Phil Cass VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Liz Taylor COMEDY GROUP: The Umbilical Brothers VARIETY COMEDY PERFORMER: Col Elliott NEW WAVE COMEDY PERFORMER: Vince Sorrenti MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Stephen Fisher-King FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Jane Scali VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Stephen Fisher-King AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: David Helfgott JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Jimmy Little JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: David Harris AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Tommy Emmanuel 1997: 23rd Mo Awards The twenty-third MO Awards took place on 23 June 1998 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was compered by Don Lane. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Darren Williams ACCOMPANYING BAND: Lionel Huntington Orchestra RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: K Lennis, M Pepper, G Harbour COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Mark Kristian VENUE OF THE YEAR: Canterbury-Hurlstone Park RSL Club CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Michael Kieran Harvey MALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Dein Perry FEMALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Lisa Bolte OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Cheryl Barker COUNTRY GROUP: Dead Ringer Band MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Troy Cassar-Daley FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Felicity Urquhart ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Whitlams MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Cabaret SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: David Campbell MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Kelley Abbey MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Hugh Jackman OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: David Atkins JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Shelley Scown JAZZ GROUP: Bernie McGann Trio VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Ladies, Laughs and Larrikins VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Triple Treat VARIETY GROUP: The Four Kinsmen VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Shelly White INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Bernard Walz SPECIALITY ACT: Phil Cass VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Maggie Scott COMEDY GROUP: The Umbilical Brothers VARIETY COMEDY PERFORMER: Brian Doyle NEW WAVE COMEDY PERFORMER: Nick Giannopoulos MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Stephen Fisher-King FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Jane Scali VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Stephen Fisher-King AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Tap Dogs JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Toni Stevens JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Nathan Foley AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Human Nature 1998: 24th Mo Awards The twenty-fourth MO Awards took place on 22 June 1999 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was compered by Neil Hanson, Liz Taylor and Chris De Havilland. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Talisman ACCOMPANYING BAND: Marconi Dance Band RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Miles Harris COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Billy Roy VENUE OF THE YEAR: Panthers World of Entertainment CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE: Michael Kieran Harvey & Bernadette Balkus (tie) MALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Gideon Obarzanek FEMALE DANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Kate Champion OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: John Wegner COUNTRY GROUP: Dead Ringer Band MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Troy Cassar-Daley FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Gina Jeffreys ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Natalie Imbruglia MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: The Boy from Oz SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Pamela Rabe MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Caroline O’Connor) MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Todd McKenney OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: David Atkins JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kevin Hunt JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Marie Wilson JAZZ GROUP: Trevor Griffin Sextet VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Ladies, Laughs and Larrikins VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Aubrey and Martin VARIETY GROUP: The Four Kinsmen VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Danny Elliott INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Ian Cooper SPECIALITY ACT: Phil Cass VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Maggie Scott COMEDY GROUP: Thomas and Moore VARIETY COMEDY PERFORMER: Kenny Graham NEW WAVE COMEDY PERFORMER: Vince Sorrenti MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Stephen Fisher-King FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Jane Scali VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Maggie Scott AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Natalie Imbruglia ARENA PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Anthony Warlow JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: John Laws JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Adam Brand and Tim Draxl (Tie) AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: The Main Event (Anthony Warlow, John Farnham and Olivia Newton-John) 1999: 25th Mo Awards The twenty-fifth MO Awards took place on 20 June 2000 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was compered by Don Lane. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Twin Set ACCOMPANYING BAND: Patchwork RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: John Adams COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Mark Kristian VENUE OF THE YEAR: Canterbury Hurlstone Park RSL Club CLASSICAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Michael Kieran Harvey MALE DANCE PERFORMER/CHOREOGRAPHER OF YEAR: Graeme Murphy FEMALE DANCE PERFORMER/CHOREOGRAPHER OF YEAR: Kelley Abbey OPERATIC PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR: Peter Coleman-Wright COUNTRY GROUP: Dead Ringer Band MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Troy Cassar-Daley FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Kasey Chambers ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Powderfinger MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: The Boy from Oz SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Angela Toohey MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Caroline O'Connor MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Todd McKenney OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO MUSICAL THEATRE: Gale Edwards JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Shelley Scown JAZZ GROUP: Ten Part Invention VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Ladies, Laughs and Larrikins VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Aubrey and Martin VARIETY GROUP: The Zips VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Danny Elliott INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Ian Cooper SPECIALITY ACT: Murray Raine Puppets VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Maggie Scott COMEDY GROUP: The Scared Weird Little Guys VARIETY COMEDY PERFORMER: Kenny Graham NEW WAVE COMEDY PERFORMER: Nick Giannopoulos MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Stephen Fisher-King FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Rhonda Burchmore VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Maggie Scott AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Savage Garden ARENA PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: John Farnham JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Daryl Somers JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: String Fever AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Savage Garden 2000: 26th Mo Awards The twenty-sixth MO Awards took place on 9 July 2001 at the Sydney Town Hall. It was compered by Vince Sorrenti. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Twin Set ACCOMPANYING BAND: The Marconi Dance Band RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Shane Newham COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Mark Kristian VENUE OF THE YEAR: South Sydney Juniors RLFC FEMALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Maggie Kirkpatrick MALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Bille Brown THEATRE PRODUCTION OF THE YEAR: The Secret Room CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Diana Doherty DANCE PERFORMER/CHOREOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR: Miranda Coney COUNTRY GROUP: Feral Swing Cats MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Adam Brand FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Melinda Schneider CONTEMPORARY ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Powderfinger CLASSIC ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Doug Parkinson MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Shout! SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Chrissie Amphlett MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Caroline O'Connor MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: David Campbell JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Muller JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Michelle Nicolle JAZZ GROUP: James Muller Trio VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Forever Diamond VARIETY DUO/TRIO: The Robertson Brothers VARIETY GROUP: Phoenix VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Shelly White INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Slava Grigoryan SPECIALITY ACT: Brendan Montana VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Greg Doolan COMEDY GROUP: Lano and Woodley MALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Jonathan Biggins FEMALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Gretel Killeen MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: John Bowles FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Annie Frances VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Annie Frances AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Keith Urban SPECIAL EVENT OF THE YEAR: 2000 Summer Olympics opening ceremony JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Maria Venuti JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Nikki Webster AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kylie Minogue 2001: 27th Mo Awards The twenty-seventh MO Awards took place on 24 June 2002 at the Tumbalong Park Ballroom. It was compered by Liz Taylor and Peter Cousens. 1 & 2 MAN BAND: Take Two ACCOMPANYING BAND: Lionel Huntington Orchestra RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Paul Kelleners COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Neil Hanson VENUE OF THE YEAR: Canterbury-Hurlstone Park RSL Club LIVE RADIO PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: John Bleby FEMALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Jacki Weaver MALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Peter Carroll THEATRE PRODUCTION OF THE YEAR: Cloudstreet CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Peter Coleman-Wright DANCE PERFORMER/CHOREOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR: Tracey Carrodus COUNTRY GROUP: The Wolverines MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Adam Brand FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Kasey Chambers CONTEMPORARY ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Human Nature CLASSIC ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Doug Parkinson MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Sweeney Todd SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Jackie Love MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Judi Connelli MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Wayne Scott Kermond JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Joe Chindamo JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Marie Wilson JAZZ GROUP: Sydney All Star Big Band VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Forever Diamond VARIETY DUO/TRIO: The Robertson Brothers VARIETY GROUP: The Delltones VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Shelly White INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: String Fever SPECIALITY ACT: Darren Carr VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Peter Kay COMEDY GROUP: The Umbilical Brothers MALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Paul Martell FEMALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Geraldine Doyle MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Stephen Fisher-King FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Seamus Earley VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: String Fever AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Kylie Minogue JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Reg Lindsay JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Lisa Crouch AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kylie Minogue 2002: 28th Mo Awards The twenty-eighth MO Awards took place on 16 June 2003 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was compered by Frankie J Holden. 1 & 2 PERFORMER BAND: Mike Mathieson ACCOMPANYING BAND: Patchwork RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Paul Kelleners - Twin Towns COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Mark Kristian VENUE OF THE YEAR: Canterbury-Hurlstone Park RSL Club LIVE RADIO PERFORMER: Toni Tenaglia (SAFM - Morning) LIVE RADIO TEAM: The Amanda Blair Team (SAFM Adelaide - Breakfast) FEMALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Miranda Otto MALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Colin Friels THEATRE PRODUCTION OF THE YEAR: Copenhagen CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Elizabeth Whitehouse DANCE PERFORMER/CHOREOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR: Steven Heathcote COUNTRY GROUP: The Wolverines MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Troy Cassar-Daley FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Melinda Schneider CONTEMPORARY ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Human Nature CLASSIC ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Doug Parkinson MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Cabaret SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Judi Connelli MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Tamsin Carroll MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Toby Allen JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: James Morrison JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Michelle Nicolle JAZZ GROUP: Sydney All Star Big Band VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Forever Diamond VARIETY DUO/TRIO: The Robertson Brothers VARIETY GROUP: The Zips VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Shelly White INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: String Fever SPECIALITY ACT: Brendan Mon Tanner VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Liz Taylor COMEDY GROUP: The Umbilical Brothers MALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Paul Martell FEMALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Maggie Scott MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Darren Williams FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Seamus Earley VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Darren Williams AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Kylie Minogue JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Reg Lindsay JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Adam Scicluna AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kylie Minogue 2003: 29th Mo Awards The twenty-ninth MO Awards took place on 28 June 2004 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was compered by Jean Kittson. 1 & 2 PERFORMER BAND: Take Two ACCOMPANYING BAND: Patchwork RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Paul Kelleners & Michael Pepper/ Simon Wade (Tie) COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Neil Hanson & Mark Kristian (Tie) VENUE OF THE YEAR: Canterbury-Hurlstone Park RSL Club FEMALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Sigrid Thornton MALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Marcus Graham THEATRE PRODUCTION OF THE YEAR: The Blue Room CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Emma Matthews DANCE PERFORMER/CHOREOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR: Bradley Chatfield COUNTRY GROUP: The Wolverines MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Troy Cassar-Daley FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Melinda Schneider CONTEMPORARY ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Doug Parkinson CLASSIC ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Birtles Shorrock Goble and Jimmy Little (Tie) MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: The Lion King SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Terry Bader MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Buyisile Zama MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Toby Allen JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Joe Chindamo JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Michelle Nicolle JAZZ GROUP: The Sydney All Star Big Band VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Forever Diamond VARIETY DUO/TRIO: The Robertson Brothers VARIETY GROUP: The Ten Tenors VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Shelly White INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: String Fever SPECIALITY ACT: Darren Carr VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Greg Doolan COMEDY GROUP: Thomas and Moore MALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Paul Martell and Calvin De Grey (Tie) FEMALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Geraldine Doyle MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Stephen Fisher-King FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Lisa Crouch and Seamus Earley (Tie) VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Lisa Crouch AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Hugh Jackman JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: David Stephens AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Delta Goodrem 2004: 30th Mo Awards The thirtieth MO Awards took place on 28 April 2006 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. It was presented by Ken Laing, Tommy Tycho and Geoff Harvey. 1 & 2 PERFORMER BAND: Just Jammin' ACCOMPANYING BAND: Steve Isoardi Band RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Gabby Venditti COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Rikki Organ VENUE OF THE YEAR: Star City Casino FEMALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Cate Blanchett MALE ACTOR IN A PLAY: Garry McDonald THEATRE PRODUCTION OF THE YEAR: Hedda Gabler CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Teddy Tahu Rhodes DANCE PERFORMER/CHOREOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR: Benjamin Nicholls COUNTRY GROUP: The Flood MALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: John Stephan FEMALE COUNTRY ENTERTAINER: Melinda Schneider CONTEMPORARY ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Anthony Callea CLASSIC ROCK PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Marcia Hines MUSICAL THEATRE PRODUCTION: Dirty Dancing SUPPORTING MUSICAL THEATRICAL PERFORMER: Tony Sheldon MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER FEMALE: Chloe Dallimore MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER MALE: Reg Livermore JAZZ INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Andy Firth JAZZ VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Emma Pask JAZZ GROUP: The Sydney All Star Big Band CHILDREN'S SHOW: The Wiggles VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Björn Again VARIETY DUO/TRIO: Bella VARIETY GROUP: The Shy Guys VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Bob Howe INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Slava Grigoryan SPECIALITY ACT: Darren Carr VERSATILE VARIETY PERFORMANCE: Todd McKenney COMEDY GROUP: The Kransky Sisters MALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Gerry Connolly FEMALE COMEDY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Magda Szubanski MALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Adam Scicluna FEMALE VOCAL VARIETY PERFORMER: Karen Beckett VARIETY PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Wayne Scott Kermond AUSTRALIAN SHOWBUSINESS AMBASSADOR: Hugh Jackman JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: The Baileys AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Anthony Warlow 2005 There were no awards for 2005. 2006: 31st Mo Awards The thirtieth-first MO Awards took place on 28 August 2007 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was presented by Rodney Marks, Darren Carr, Liz Layton, Kenny Graham and Johnny Pace. THREE OR MORE PERFORMER BAND: The Williams Brothers COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Rikki Organ INSTRUMENTAL or VOCAL INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Joey Fimmano CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER: Helen Zerefos DANCE PERFORMER: Wayne Scott Kermond RICKY MAY JAZZ PERFORMER: James Morrison VARIETY DUO OR TRIO PERFORMER: Triple Treat RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Blacktown Workers TWO PERFORMER BAND: Take Two TRIBUTE SHOW: Tom Jones Experience - Jacques Renay BRIAN STACEY MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER: Tony Sheldon KEN LITTLEWOOD AND TOSHI SPECIALTY ACT: Darren Carr ACCOMPANYING BAND: Western Front BEST VENUE: Blacktown Workers FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Karen Beckett ONE PERFORMER BAND: Ziggy Zapata MALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Tony Pantano ACTOR IN PLAY: Geoffrey Rush SHOWBAND: Frogs on Toast and The Zips (Tie) THE FOUR KINSMEN PRODUCTION SHOW: The Great Pretenders ROCK PERFORMER: Billy Thorpe (Posthumous Award) VERSATILE PERFORMER: Darren Carr COMEDY PERFORMER: Paul Martell SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY PERFORMER: Melinda Schneider PETER ALLEN VARIETY PERFORMER: Danny Elliott JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Nicole Venditti AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Hugh Jackman OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO AUSTRALIAN COMEDY: Rodney Rude OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO AUSTRALIAN MUSIC: Aaron McMillan JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Jonathon Welch HALL OF FAME: Slim De Grey 2007: 32nd Mo Awards The thirtieth-second MO Awards took place on 17 June 2008 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was compered by Donnie Sutherland;. ONE PERFORMER BAND: Roland Storm TWO PERFORMER BAND: The Williams Brothers THREE OR MORE PERFORMER BAND: The Williams Brothers VERSATILE PERFORMER: Darren Carr RESIDENTIAL TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Blacktown Workers Club CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER: Anthony Warlow CHILDREN'S ENTERTAINMENT: Marty & Emu Crazy Kids Show BRAIN STACEY MALE MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER: Wayne Scott Kermond FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Karen Beckett SHOWBAND: The Zips COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Bobby Bradford BRIAN STACEY FEMALE MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER: Lola Nixon BEST VENUE: Blacktown Workers Club THE FOUR KINSMEN PRODUCTION SHOW: Frogs on Toast SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Wayne Horsburgh ACCOMPANYING BAND: Western Front VARIETY DUO OR TRIO: Robertson Bros & The Williams Brothers (Tie) COUNTRY FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Melinda Schneider COUNTRY GROUP: The Wolverines INSTRUMENTAL/ VOCAL PERFORMER: Ziggy Zapata DANCE PERFORMER: Lucinda Dunn RICKY MAY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Adam Scicluna KEN LITTLEWOOD & TOSHI SPECIALTY PERFORMER: Darren Carr INSTRUMENTAL or VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Joey Fimmano TRIBUTE SHOW: Tom Jones Experience - Jacques Renay MATS UNDER 18'S JUNIOR PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Mark Vincent JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Liz Taylor COMEDY PERFORMER: Kenny Graham JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Robert Jeffery OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO COUNTRY MUSIC: Smoky Dawson HALL OF FAME AWARD: Judy Stone PETER ALLEN AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Darren Carr 2008: 33rd Mo Awards The thirty-third MO Awards took place on 15 June 2009 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was compered by Donnie Sutherland. ONE PERFORMER BAND: Ziggy Zapata TWO PERFORMER BAND: The Williams Brothers THREE OR MORE PERFORMER BAND: Rikki Organ and The Organ Grinders SHOWBAND: Frogs On Toast INSTRUMENTAL or VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Joey Fimmano RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Bankstown Sports Club SLIM DUSTY MALE COUNTRY VOCAL PERFORMER: Troy Cassar-Daly INTERNATIONAL THEME PERFORMER: Aznavour From Today TRIBUTE SHOW: Tonite's The Night BRIAN STACEY MALE MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER: Wayne Scott Kermond CHILDREN'S SHOW: Marty and Emu's Crazy Kids Show COUNTRY GROUP: The McClymonts MATS UNDER 18'S JUNIOR PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Blake Giles VOCAL GROUP: The Robertson Brothers KEN LITTLEWOOD AND TOSHI SPECIALTY PERFORMER: Darren Carr FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Lisa Crouch BEST VENUE: Bankstown Sports Club JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Mark Vincent BRIAN STACEY FEMALE MUSICAL THEATRE PERFORMER: Marina Prior COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Bobby Bradford VERSATILE PERFORMER: Wayne Scott Kermond CLASSICAL/OPERA PERFORMER: Anthony Warlow FEMALE COUNTRY VOCAL PERFORMER: Melinda Schneider ACCOMPANYING BAND: Western Front JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Helen Zerefos THE FOUR KINSMEN PRODUCTION SHOW: The Great Pretenders RICKY MAY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Tony Pantano COMEDY PERFORMER: Paul Martell VARIETY DUO OR TRIO PERFORMERS: The Rhythmaires OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO VARIETY ENTERTAINMENT: Wayne Scott Kermond PETER ALLEN AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Darren Carr HALL OF FAME: Lucky Starr 2009: 34th Mo Awards The thirty-fourth MO Awards took place on 11 May 2010 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was compered by Donnie Sutherland. ONE PERFORMER BAND: Fallon TWO PERFORMER BAND: Just Jammin' THREE OR MORE PERFORMER BAND: Rikki Organ and The Organ Grinders ACCOMPANYING BAND: Vince Lombardo Band INSTRUMENTAL/ VOCAL INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Bob Howe SHOWBAND: The Kamis RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Bankstown Sports Club BEST VENUE: Bankstown Sports Club and South Sydney Juniors Leagues Club (Tie) CHILDREN'S SHOW: Brendan Mon Tanner COMEDIAN OF THE YEAR: Kenny Graham VOCAL GROUP: The Robertson Brothers KEN LITTLEWOOD & TOSHI SPECIALTY PERFORMER: Darren Carr MATS WINNER FOR 2009: Rhian Saunders TRIBUTE SHOW: Strictly Bassey INTERNATIONAL THEME PERFORMER: Euro Latino SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY PERFORMER OR BAND: The McClymonts VARIETY DUO OR TRIO PERFORMER: Thomas & Moore JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Chris Gable COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Rikki Organ THE FOUR KINSMEN PRODUCTION SHOW: Back To The Tivoli FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Jenifer Green RICKY MAY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Tony Pantano ROCK PERFORMER OR BAND: Brian Cadd JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Lorrae Desmond, Lynne Fletcher, Dinah Lee,Little Pattie, Jacqui De Paul, Sylvia Raye PETER ALLEN AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Jenifer Green HALL OF FAME AWARD: Frank Ifield 2010: 35th Mo Awards The thirty-fifth MO Awards took place on 24 May 2011 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was compered by Donnie Sutherland, Susie Elelman, John Mangos and Barry Crocker. SOLO BAND PERFORMER: Chris Connolly TWO MAN PERFORMER BAND: The Williams Brothers DANCE BAND: Rikki Organ and the Organ Grinders SHOWBAND: The Kamis and The Zips (Tie) TRIBUTE SHOW: Strictly Bassey INTERNATIONAL THEME PERFORMER: Italian Delight JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Marty Rhone THE FOUR KINSMEN PRODUCTION/PACKAGE SHOW: Back To The Tivoli INSTRUMENTAL or VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL PERFORMER: Bob Howe JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: The Seltic Sirens BEST SPECIALTY ACT: Darren Carr VARIETY DUO OR MORE PERFORMERS: Thomas & Moore COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Rikki Organ HALL OF FAME: Ian Turpie SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY PERFORMER: Nicki Gillis & Kel-Anne Brandt BEST CHILDREN'S SHOW: Brendan Mon Tanner ROCK PERFORMER OR BAND: Guy Sebastian ACCOMPANYING BAND: Trojans and Vince Lombardo Band (Tie) RESIDENT TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Petersham RSL Club FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Jenifer Green BEST VENUE: Bankstown Sports Club and Blacktown Workers Club (Tie) COMEDIAN OF THE YEAR: Keith Scott RODNEY RUDE STAND-UP PERFORMER: Vince Sorrenti RICKY MAY MALE PERFORMER: Adam Scicluna PETER ALLEN AUSTRALIAN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Jenifer Green 2011: 36th Mo Awards The thirty-sixth MO Awards took place on 29 May 2012 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was compered by Donnie Sutherland, Susie Elelman, John Mangos and Vince Sorrenti. BEST SOLO BAND PERFORMER: Chris Connolly BEST DUO BAND: Mike Mathieson Duo BEST DANCE BAND: Rikki Organ & The Organ Grinders BEST VARIETY SHOWBAND: Frogs on Toast BEST TRIBUTE SHOW: Desperado – The Eagles Show BEST CHILDREN'S SHOW: Franky Valentyn BEST SPECIALTY ACT: Darren Carr BEST VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: The Burlesque Spectacular BEST INTERNATIONAL THEME SHOW: The Seltic Sirens MO COMEDY ACT OF THE YEAR: Keith Scott HALL OF FAME AWARD: Russell Morris MC / COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Bobby Bradford BEST STAND UP COMEDY PERFORMER: Vince Sorrenti SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY ACT: Melinda Schneider JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Betty Dargie and Susan Jon Rose (Tie) BEST ACCOMPANYING BAND: Joe Macri Band THE FOUR KINSMEN PRODUCTION/PACKAGE SHOW: Back To The Tivoli BEST TECHNICAL SUPPORT: South Sydney Juniors Rugby League Club JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Ronnie Burns SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AWARD: The Artistes Answering Centre SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AWARD: Helmut Fisher - Creator of the 'MO' Statuette BEST VENUE: South Sydney Juniors Rugby League Club BEST ROCK BAND OR PERFORMER: Jon English – The Rock Show RICKY MAY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Adam Scicluna FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER: Melinda Schneider PETER ALLEN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Adam Scicluna 2012: 37th Mo Awards The thirty-seventh MO Awards took place on 28 May 2013 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was compered by Bobby Bradford, Adam Scicluna and Neil Hanson. BEST SOLO BAND PERFORMER: Chris Conolly BEST DUO: Williams Brothers BEST CHILDREN'S SHOW: Franky Valentyn BEST HARMONY VOCAL GROUP: The Robertson Brothers JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Liam Burrows BEST SPECIALTY ACT: Darren Carr BEST VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Danny Elliott INTERNATIONAL THEME SHOW / PERFORMER: Joey Fimmano BEST VARIETY SHOWBAND: The Zips BEST TRIBUTE SHOW: Desperado and Strictly Bassey (Tie) BEST DANCE BAND: Rikki Organ & The Organ Grinders SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY ACT OF THE YEAR: Wayne Horsburgh THE FOUR KINSMEN VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Back To The Tivoli MC / COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Elizabeth Star RODNEY RUDE STAND UP COMEDIAN OF THE YEAR: Anh Do BEST ROCK ACT OF THE YEAR: The Jon English Band JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Peter Paki BEST TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Twin Towns Services Club BEST VENUE: Twin Town Services Club MO COMEDY ACT OF THE YEAR: Kenny Graham TOMMY TYCHO ACCOMPANYING BAND: The Joe Macri Band HALL OF FAME: Geoff Mack FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Alisa Gray RICKY MAY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Tony Pantano PETER ALLEN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Adam Scicluna 2013: 38th Mo Awards The thirty-eighth MO Awards took place on 27 May 2014 at the Bankstown Sports Club. It was compered by Andrew O'Keefe, John Mangos, Judy Stone and Marcia Hines. BEST SOLO BAND PERFORMER: Snowy Robson BEST DUO: Take Two BEST DANCE/SHOWBAND: The Frocks TOMMY TYCHO ACCOMPANYING BAND: Funky Do Da's BEST SPECIALTY ACT: Phil Cass BEST TRIBUTE SHOW: Roy Orbison Reborn BEST VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Wayne Rogers JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Anja Nissen and Rachel Fahim (Tie) THE FOUR KINSMEN VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Supreme Motown BEST CHILDREN'S SHOW: Brendan Mon Tanner BEST VARIETY VOCAL GROUP: Double Exposure BEST ROCK BAND/PERFORMER: The Radiators INTERNATIONAL THEME SHOW: Peter Paki and The Rhythms of Polynesia BEST TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Burwood RSL DON LANE COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Terry Mac JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Carter Edwards SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY ACT OF THE YEAR: Benn Gunn RODNEY RUDE STAND-UP COMEDIAN OF THE YEAR: Al Showman COMEDY ACT OF THE YEAR: Harriet Littlesmith BEST VENUE: Campsie RSL HALL OF FAME AWARD: Barry Crocker JULIE ANTHONY FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Kel-Anne Brandt RICKY MAY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Larry Stellar PETER ALLEN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Phil Cass 2014: 39th Mo Awards The thirty-ninth MO Awards took place on 28 July 2015 at the Canterbury-Hurlstone Park RSL Club. It was compered by Darren Carr, Maria Venuti, Craig Bennet, Helen Zerefos and Vince Sorrenti. BEST SOLO PERFORMER: Chris Connolly BEST DUO BAND: Aubrey & Martin and Take Two (Tie) BEST VARIETY/VOCAL GROUP: Chris Drummond Duo BEST DANCE SHOWBAND: Mr James Band BEST TRIBUTE SHOW: Tonite's the Night and Sincerely Elvis (Tie) JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Brian Lorenz BEST CHILDREN'S SHOW: Franky Valentyn and The Party Bears (Tie) BEST SPECIALTY ACT: Darren Carr BEST VERSATILE VARIETY ACT: Thomas & Moore and Wayne Rogers (Tie) BEST INTERNATIONAL THEME SHOW: Peter Paki & The Rhythms of Polynesia THE FOUR KINSMEN VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: Damn Good Diva's DON LANE COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Tony Hogan TOMMY TYCHO ACCOMPANYING BAND: Dave Hallard Band SLIM DUSTY COUNTRY ACT OF THE YEAR: Melinda Schneider JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Larry Stellar BEST ROCK ACT OF YEAR: Mental As Anything BEST VISUAL & AUDIO TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Canterbury-Hurlstone Park RSL BEST VENUE: Cabra-Vale Diggers RODNEY RUDE BEST STAND-UP COMEDIAN: Gary Who MO COMEDY ACT OF THE YEAR: Paul Martell & Darren Carr (Tie) HALL OF FAME: Reg Lindsay BEST FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Lisa Crouch RICKY MAY MALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Roy Cooper PETER ALLEN PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Darren Carr 2015: 40th Mo Awards The fortieth MO Awards took place on 17 August 2016 at the Canterbury-Hurlstone Park RSL Club. It was compered by Darren Sanders and Darren Carr. ACCOMPANYING BAND: Greg Hooper Band COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Terry Kaff VENUE OF THE YEAR: Hope Estate Hunter Valley DANCE SHOW BAND: Mr James Band and Pink Cadillac (Tie) JUNIOR AWARD: Bobby Harrison JOHNNY O'KEEFE ENCOURAGEMENT AWARD: Sara Mazzurco CHILDREN SHOW: The Gigalees Crazy Comedy Show VERSATILE VARIETY OR HARMONY ACT: Toni Stevens SPECIAL LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD: Slim Dusty TRIBUTE SHOW: Sincerely Elvis DUO ACT: The Happy Hippies VARIETY PRODUCTION SHOW: The 3 Gen Show – Warren, Wayne Scott and Alexander (Zan) Kermond INTERNATIONAL THEME SHOW: Roddy Montez Show COUNTRY FEMALE ACT OF THE YEAR: Jean Stafford COUNTRY BAND /GROUP OF THE YEAR: Roadhouse COUNTRY MALE ACT OF THE YEAR: Chad Morgan and Col Hardy (Tie) SOLO PERFORMER: Chris Bond SIGHT ACT OF THE YEAR: HotPot and Aunty Judy JOHN CAMPBELL FELLOWSHIP AWARD: Johnny Nicol ROCK ACT OF YEAR: The Radiators TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Laycock Street Theatre RODNEY RUDE BEST STAND-UP COMEDIAN: Jackie Loeb MO COMEDY ACT OF THE YEAR: Harriet Littlesmith HALL OF FAME: Glenn Shorrock FEMALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Helen Zerefos MALE VOCAL PERFORMER OF THE YEAR: Roy Cooper ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: The 3 Gen Show 2016: 41st Mo Awards The forty-first MO Awards took place on 20 March 2018 at the Liverpool Catholic Club. It was compered by John Kerr. VARIETY ACT OF THE YEAR: Drags to Bitches JUNIOR AWARD: Finnian Johnson THE MO'S ENCOURAGEMENT AWARDS: Platinum Harmony CHILDREN'S SHOW AWARDS: Marty & Emu MUSICAL GROUP OF THE YEAR: The Frocks COMPERE OF THE YEAR: Roy Cooper VENUE OF THE YEAR: Burwood RSL SELF CONTAINED ACT OF THE YEAR: Chris Connolly HALL OF FAME: The Flanagans COMEDY ACT OF THE YEAR: Darren Carr PRODUCTION SHOW OF THE YEAR: Wayne Rogers COUNTRY SOLO/GROUP/BAND OF THE YEAR: Wayne Horsburgh TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF THE YEAR: Burwood RSL TRIBUTE SHOW OF THE YEAR: Peter Byrne VOCALIST OF THE YEAR: Mark Vincent ENTERTAINER OF THE YEAR: Wayne Horsburgh References External links Australian theatre awards Awards established in 1975 Awards disestablished in 2016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%20Awards
Over Seventy is an autobiographical work by P. G. Wodehouse, including a collection of articles originally from Punch magazine. It was first published in the United States on 3 May 1956 by Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York under the title America, I Like You, and in the United Kingdom, in a considerably expanded form, on October 11, 1957, by Herbert Jenkins, London, with the Over Seventy title and the subtitle An Autobiography with Digressions. Much of the writing describes Wodehouse's feelings concerning the United States, his adopted homeland, with the journalism and stories inserted in context. References External links The Russian Wodehouse Society's page Books by P. G. Wodehouse 1956 non-fiction books Herbert Jenkins books British autobiographies	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over%20Seventy
Annalee Blysse is an American paranormal romance novelist. Born and raised in Alaska, she recently moved to Nevada. She writes romances, and erotic romance, especially futuristic and paranormal. Selected works Novels Starlit Destiny (2005) - Nominee for 2005 CAPA for Paranormal Romance at The Romance Studio Novellas "Lord of the Night" in Relic (2006) Never A Sunset (2005) External links Annalee Blysse's Website Author Page at NCP—New Concepts Publishing Passionate Ink—Special Interest Chapter of Romance Writers of America for erotic romance writers. Year of birth missing (living people) American paranormal romance writers 21st-century American novelists American women novelists Writers from Alaska Writers from Nevada Living people Women romantic fiction writers 21st-century American women writers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalee%20Blysse
Children of the Thunder is a 1988 science fiction novel by John Brunner. References 1988 British novels 1988 science fiction novels Novels by John Brunner Environmental fiction books Del Rey books	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20of%20the%20Thunder
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that uses a laser (in contrast to using a scalpel) to cut tissue. Examples include the use of a laser scalpel in otherwise conventional surgery, and soft-tissue laser surgery, in which the laser beam vaporizes soft tissue with high water content. Laser surgery is commonly used on the eye. Techniques used include LASIK, which is used to correct near and far-sightedness in vision, and photorefractive keratectomy, a procedure which permanently reshapes the cornea using an excimer laser to remove a small amount of the human tissue. Types of surgical lasers include carbon dioxide, argon, Nd:YAG laser, and potassium titanyl phosphate, among others. Effects Photochemical effect: clinically referred to as photodynamic therapy. Photosensitizer (photophrin II) is administered which is taken up by the tumor tissue and later irradiated by laser light resulting in highly toxic substances with resultant necrosis of the tumor. Photodynamic therapy is used in palliation of oesophageal and bronchial carcinoma and ablation of mucosal cancers of Gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. Photoablative effect: Used in eye surgeries like band keratoplasty, and endartectomy of peripheral blood vessels. Photothermal effect: this property is used for endoscopic control of bleeding e.g. Bleeding peptic ulcers, oesophageal varices Photomechanical effect: used in intraluminal lithotripsy Equipment Surgical laser systems, sometimes called "laser scalpels", are differentiated not only by the wavelength, but also by the light delivery system: flexible fiber or articulated arm, as well as by other factors. CO2 lasers were the dominant soft-tissue surgical lasers as of 2010. Applications Soft tissue Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans (general surgery, neurosurgery, ENT, dentistry, orthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery) as well as veterinary surgical fields. The primary uses of lasers in soft tissue surgery are to cut, ablate, vaporize, and coagulate. There are several different laser wavelengths used in soft tissue surgery. Different laser wavelengths and device settings (such as pulse duration and power) produce different effects on the tissue. Some commonly used lasers types in soft tissue surgery include erbium, diode, and CO2. Erbium lasers are excellent cutters, but provide minimal hemostasis. Diode lasers (hot tip) provide excellent hemostasis, but are slow cutters. CO2 lasers are both efficient at cutting and coagulating. Dermatology and plastic surgery A range of lasers such as erbium, dye, Q switch lasers, and CO2 are used to treat various skin conditions including scars, vascular and pigmented lesions, and for photorejuvenation. The laser surgery for dermatology often bypasses the skin surface. The principle of laser surgery for dermatologic problems is based on SPTL (selective photothermolysis). The laser beam penetrates the skin until it encounters chromophore which absorbs the laser beam. After absorption of the laser beam, heat is generated to induce coagulation, necrosis of the targeted tissue, this results in the removal of unwanted tissue by laser surgery. Laser resurfacing is a technique in which covalent bonds of a material are dissolved by a laser, a technique invented by aesthetic plastic surgeon Thomas L. Roberts, III using CO2 lasers in the 1990s. Lasers are also used for laser-assisted lipectomy. Eye surgery Various types of laser surgery are used to treat refractive error. LASIK, in which a knife is used to cut a flap in the cornea, and a laser is used to reshape the layers underneath, is used to treat refractive error. IntraLASIK is a variant in which the flap is also cut with a laser. In photorefractive keratectomy (PRK, LASEK), the cornea is reshaped without first cutting a flap. In laser thermal keratoplasty, a ring of concentric burns is made in the cornea, which causes its surface to steepen, allowing better near vision. ReLEx SMILE is the latest advancement in laser vision correction technology. In SMILE surgery, ZEISS VisuMax ® femtosecond laser is used to make a small incision and to create a pre-calculated mini lens tissue (or lenticule) inside the cornea. Lasers are also used to treat non-refractive conditions, such as phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in which opacities and surface irregularities are removed from the cornea and laser coagulation in which a laser is used to cauterize blood vessels in the eye, to treat various conditions. Lasers can be used to repair tears in the retina. Endovascular surgery Laser endarterectomy is a technique in which an entire atheromatous plaque in the artery is excised. Other applications include laser assisted angioplasties and laser-assisted vascular anastomosis. Foot and ankle surgery Lasers are used to treat several disorders in foot and ankle surgery. They are used to remove benign and malignant tumors, treat bunions, debride ulcers and burns, excise epidermal nevi, blue rubber bleb nevi, and keloids, and the removal of hypertrophic scars and tattoos. A carbon dioxide laser (CO2) is used in surgery to treat onychocryptosis (ingrown nails), onychauxis (club nails), onychogryposis (rams horn nail), and onychomycosis (fungus nail). Gastro-intestinal tract Peptic ulcer disease and oesophageal varices - Laser photoablation is done. Coagulation of vascular malformations of stomach, duodenum, and colon. Lasers can be effectively used to treat early gastric cancers provided they are less than 4 cm and without lymph node involvement. Lasers are also used in treating oral submucous fibrosis. Palliative laser therapy is given in advanced oesophageal cancers with obstruction of lumen. Recanalisation of the lumen is done which allows the patient to resume a soft diet and maintain hydration. Ablative laser therapy is used in advanced colorectal cancers to relieve obstruction and to control bleeding. Laser surgery used in hemorrhoidectomy, and is a relatively popular and non-invasive method of hemorrhoid removal. Laser-assisted liver resections have been done using carbon dioxide and Nd:YAG lasers. The ablation of liver tumors can be achieved by selective photovaporization of the tumor. Endoscopic laser lithotripsy is a safer modality compared to electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Oral and dental surgery The CO2 laser is used in oral and dental surgery for virtually all soft-tissue procedures, such as gingivectomies, vestibuloplasties, frenectomies, and operculectomies. The CO2 10,600 nm wavelength is safe around implants as it is reflected by titanium, and thus has been gaining popularity in the field of periodontology. The laser may also be effective in treating peri-implantitis. Spine surgery Laser spine surgery first began seeing clinical use in the 1980s and was primarily used within discectomy to treat lumbar disc disease under the notion that heating a bulging disc vaporized enough tissue to relieve pressure on the nerves and help alleviate pain. Since that time, laser spine surgery has become one of the most marketed forms of minimally invasive spine surgery, despite the fact that it has never been studied in a controlled clinical trial to determine its effectiveness apart from disc decompression. Evidence-based data surrounding the use of lasers in spine surgery is limited and its safety and efficacy were poorly understood as of 2017. Thoracic surgery In thoracic surgery, surgical laser applications are most often used to remove pulmonary metastases and tumors of different primary localizations. Other areas of application are surgical sectioning of the parenchyma, anatomic segmental resections, removal of tumors from the thoracic wall and abrasion of the pleura parietalis. Since the introduction of surgical lasers, the amount of potentially surgically resectable pulmonary nodules has significantly increased. Compared to laser surgery, other conventional surgical methods such as segmental or wedge resections with surgical stapling will normally lead to a bigger loss of lung tissue, especially in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules methods. Other advantages of laser surgery compared to conventional methods are that it leads to an improved postoperative lung function and that it gives the additional possibility to histologically analyze the removed material which would otherwise be destroyed through radiation or heat. Other surgery The CO2 laser is also used in gynecology, genitourinary, general surgery, otorhinolaryngology, orthopedic, and neurosurgery. Hard tissues Lasers are used to cut or ablate bones and teeth in dentistry. References Laser applications Laser medicine Surgery	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20surgery
The Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC; previously the Patents County Court or PCC) in London is an alternative venue to the High Court for bringing legal actions involving intellectual property matters such as patents, registered designs, trade marks, unregistered design rights and copyright. Hearings are usually conducted in the Thomas More Building at the Royal Courts of Justice site in the Strand, or at the Rolls Building in Fetter Lane. Original establishment Originally established in 1990 by an order made under Section 287 (1) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, the intention was that the PCC should be a forum where simpler cases could be dealt with under a cheaper and more streamlined procedure than the High Court. In practice, following the Woolf Reforms of 1998, the streamlined procedure is now available in all courts. One remaining difference was that cases at the PCC can be argued by solicitors or patent attorneys, rather than having to be presented by separate qualified barristers. 2010 revitalisation In order to revitalise the court and provide some procedural distinction from the High Court, a new set of procedural rules were introduced in Autumn 2010, at the same time that (as he then was) His Honour Colin Birss was appointed as the judge of the PCC. These rules meant that much more detail was required in the particulars of claim (the document that sets out the claimant's case), the procedure as a whole was streamlined further (no disclosure, no examination in chief of expert witness, tight control by the Judge of the issues that go to trial) and financial limits were introduced to both the damages (at £500,000) and the legal costs (at £50,000, with an additional cap per stage) recoverable. Trials should last no more than two days. The revitalised court has been generally viewed as a success. Move to the High Court As of 1 October 2013, the PCC was reformulated as the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court, a specialist subdivision of the Business and Property Courts within the High Court. Whilst the IPEC is now part of the High Court, Patent and Trade Mark attorneys retain their rights of audience and litigation. Cases can be transferred from the IPEC list to be heard by the main High Court at the discretion of the IPEC; the High Court also routinely transfers cases from its list to the IPEC. As with the High Court, appeals from IPEC decisions (if leave to appeal is granted) are heard by the Court of Appeal. Judges Cases are heard by the judge or an appointed deputy judge. Since the founding of the court, there have been four judges: September 1990 to September 2000 : Peter Ford Autumn 2001 to Autumn 2010 : Judge Michael Fysh QC Autumn 2010 to Summer 2013: Colin Birss QC December 2013 onward: Richard Hacon References External links The Intellectual Property Enterprise Court on the Ministry of Justice's site The Work of the Patents County Court by Judge Michael Fysh QC, (Oxford Intellectual Property Research Centre (OIPRC) Working Paper Series No 3, February 2003). UK Patents County Court - Phoenix Risen? by Michael Burdon, partner at Olswang solicitors, (Patent World, July/August 2003). Courts of England and Wales United Kingdom patent law Intellectual property adjudication bodies	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual%20Property%20Enterprise%20Court
Zaheerabad or Zahirabad, is an industrial city and Municipal Council in Sangareddy district of the Indian state of Telangana. Zahirabad is also the base for visitors of ancient sacred places, Ketaki Sangameshwara Swamy Devasthanam at Jharasangam, Siddhhi Vinayaka Temple at Rejinthal and Hazrath Multani Baba Dargah at Metalkunta. Location Zahirabad lies northwest of Hyderabad on the Mumbai highway (National highway 65). Town name Zahirabad - The name of the city was coined by a Paigah noble called Nawab Mohammad Zaheeruddin Khan (Nawab Zaheer Yar Jung Bahadur). He was the first born son of Nawab Moin-Ud-Dowlah Bahadur Asman Jah. The Paigah family or clan were a Sufi Islamic aristocratic family of Hyderabad state. History Important points in the history of Zaheerabad include the drought of 1972 and the Hyderabad Police Action of 1949. There is Huge big Methodist Church Located in Prime area church was named in the Memory of Rev.G B Garden Memorial Methodist Church who was a Missionary from America. He served all downtrodden and poor people of Zaheerabad Village. He primarily focused on providing good education to the villagers.At Present there are several people residing out of India in notable positions and are also holding good position in state and central government there are plenty of people a positions in Govt.sector who all studied in this Methodist School. Demographics In 2001, the census population of Zaheerabad was 140,160. Sixteen percent of people were under six years of age. The rate of literacy was 59.5 percent, higher than the national average. Women were less literate than men (55 percent to 69 percent). The common languages spoken are Urdu/Deccani Urdu, Telugu, Kannada and Marathi. census of India, the urban agglomeration population of the city was 71,166. Government and politics Zaheerabad Municipality was constituted in 1952 and is classified as a third grade municipality with 24 election wards. The jurisdiction of the civic body is spread over an area of . The urban agglomeration includes the municipality of Zahirabad, the census town of Allipur, out growths of Pastapur, Tamadpalle, Hyderabad, Hothi (K) and part of the out growths of Buchnelli village. Economy Zaheerabad is an agricultural area. Farming has struggled due to dry lands becoming fallow and the loss of a variety of crop types such as cereals, pulses and oilseeds. The Deccan Development Society (DDS) has assisted local women to become empowered in the economy and in society. In small groups called sangams, they have succeeded in developing food security and making charity endeavours. In March 2013, a tractor manufacturer M&M opened near Zahirabad providing employment. Other industries include sugar refining, rubber manufacturing and chemical manufacturing. Mahindra & Mahindra, through its multiple plants in Zaheerabad, provides employment to many young engineers in Zaheerabad and its suburbs. Jharasangam In the vicinity of Zahirabad, there is an ancient temple of Lord Shiva, called "Jharasangam ".This is an old Shiva temple known as KETHAKI SANGAMESHWARA SWAMY situated at Jharasangam Village and Mandal, Sangareddy District. The Shiva Lingam is said to have been established by Lord Brahma. It is said that Raja Kupendra, king of Surya Vamsha during Krutha Yug was ailing from skin disease and had not found any remedies. One day in his routine hunting it happened to reach the Kethaki Vanam and found a stream, where he washed his body. After reaching home he found that the skin disease was completely cured and in the same night Lord Sangameshwara appeared in a dream, asked the Raja to construct a sanitorium over Shiva Lingam. The Raja Kupendra constructed the temple over Shiva Lingam and converted the stream into a pushkarini and it is also called as Astha Theertha Amrutha Gundam. It is also called as Dakshina Kasi. Due to historical and religious importance, the people from Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh (Telangana areas) visit the temple and pay homage to Lord, and perform Gunda Pooja. It is also said that Brahma after creating the world came to the spot for meditation. Since the existing Bhanakara Lingam has been installed by Brahma, Pujas are being performed by Kethaki flowers (generally Kethaki flowers are not used for puja), and also the Pushkarini which is consisting of eight theerthas (Narayana, Dharna, rushi, Varuna, Soma, Rudra, Indira and Datha) the Lord is called as “Kethaki Sangameshwara. Transport RTC buses ZAHIRABAD - ZHB Tsrtc bus depot runs buses to various places in the state. KSRTC buses also runs from Zahirabad bus station to various parts of the states of Telangana, AP, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Trains Trains run from (Zahirabad) to Bangalore, Mangalore, Nanded, Shirdi, Pune, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Machlipatnam and Warangal, Hyderabad Amenities Typical of an Indian town of its size, Zahirabad has a number of banks, public and independent schools and colleges, shops, hotels, hospitals and other services. See also Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency) References External links Towns in Medak district	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaheerabad
Close to Port Grenaugh, Cronk ny Merriu () is one of the remains of promontory forts in the Isle of Man. Cronk ny Merriu was previously considered by historians to be a prehistoric burial place due to its large grass-covered bank and name, literally translating to "Hill of the Dead". The bank and ditch created a defensive promontory fort at Cronk ny Merriu. Later, a rectangular building of Norse style and layout stood here, part of a system of coastal lookout posts used to protect the coastline and to police beach markets. Excavations of Cronk ny Merriu show that there was very little domestic activity, and that the Norse building likely didn't have permanent residency. It's suggested that the longhouse was primarily a building for those at nearby forts to shelter from harsh weather, rather than a place of defence itself. Although no scientific dating has been done, due to the similarities with fortified headlands throughout the Anglo-Celtic isles, archeologists strongly believe that this site dates back to the Celtic Iron Age. Several of the lookout posts, especially in Santon, where Cronk ny Merriu is situated, can be visited using the coastal footpath. The posts were protected with a deep ditch and a rampart strengthed by large stones on their vulnerable landward side. There'd also be a heavily protected gateway, with ramparts built up on either side, for those seeking shelter in the fort. The Scandinavians who arrived in Mann in the eighth and ninth centuries sometimes re-used these Iron Age promontory forts, often obliterating the old domestic quarters with their characteristic rectangular houses; the example at Cronk ny Merriu has been used as the basis of the reconstruction of the House of Manannan museum in Peel. Etymology Hill forts in the Isle of Man Historic sites in the Isle of Man Tourist attractions in the Isle of Man History of the Isle of Man In the Manx language (hill) (the dead) means literally 'Hill of the Dead'. References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronk%20ny%20Merriu
John Lang may refer to: Sportspeople John Lang (footballer, born 1881) (1881–1934), Scottish footballer John Lang (footballer, born 1908), Scottish footballer John Lang (Australian rugby league) (born 1950), Australian rugby league player and coach John Lang (New Zealand rugby league) (1896–1971), New Zealand rugby league player Musicians John Lang (American musician) (born 1952), lyric writer for Mr. Mister and member of the band Djinn John Lang (Rough Trade), Canadian musician with the band Rough Trade Jonny Lang (born 1981), American blues and gospel musician Others John Dunmore Lang (1799–1878), Presbyterian clergyman and early advocate of Australian republicanism John Lang (Canadian politician) (1839–1921), former member of the Canadian House of Commons Johnny Lang, historic Joshua Tree National Park cattle rancher and mining operator John Lang (priest) (1927–2012), Anglican Dean of Lichfield John Lang (sailor) (1794–?), sailor in the United States Navy John Lang (writer) (1816–1864), said to be the first Australian-born novelist John H. Lang (1899–1970), American who served with the Canadian Army and the United States Navy Sir John Lang (1896–1984), British civil servant John Lang (1972-Now), French writer, autor of the Dungeon of Naheulbeuk See also Jack Lang (disambiguation) John Lange (disambiguation) John Laing (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lang
Crawford State Park is a state park in Crawford County, Kansas, United States, located north of Girard. The park, resides on a lake built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930s. There are two recorded archaeological sites within the park's boundaries, including remnants of a 19th-century U.S. military outpost. An interpretive trail connects the park with the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks' Farlington Fish Hatchery, which was built shortly after the CCC completed construction of the lake. Crawford State Park is known as a fishing destination for channel catfish, crappie, and striped bass. Boating and scuba diving are also popular in the park. Located on the edge of the Ozarks, Crawford State Park features numerous redbud trees. See also List of Kansas state parks List of lakes, reservoirs, and dams in Kansas List of rivers of Kansas References External links State parks of Kansas State parks of the U.S. Interior Highlands Civilian Conservation Corps in Kansas Protected areas of Crawford County, Kansas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawford%20State%20Park%20%28Kansas%29
Leasingham is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated less than north from Sleaford, and just off the A15. The hamlet of Roxholm lies to the north. When combined with Rauceby figures, there are a total of 916 households as of 2011. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,584. The B1209 passes through the village to join the A153 further east, passing across Leasingham Moor. Close by to the west is RAF Cranwell. The A15 used to run through the village on Captain's Hill until the 1950s. Captain's Hill takes its name from the local landowner, Captain Richard Wharton-Myddleton, who had been an ensign at the battle of Waterloo. He lived in Leasingham Hall (built about 1836) now a Grade II listed house. On 4 January 2022, this hall had a renovation to transform it into 6 flats, however work could not begin initially due to safety concerns over tree preservation. Other buildings in the village include the church of St Andrews, a Wesleyan chapel, manor house, village hall and a row of alms houses. The local school is St Andrew's C.E. Primary School, which partners with Carre's Grammar School using its Outreach programme. The playing fields include a bowls club and cricket pitch. Amenities include the Duke of Wellington public house, Busy Bees Preschool, a post office shop, corner shop, farm shop, and two hairdressers. A local bus service runs every hour to Sleaford, with links to Lincoln, Grantham, Nottingham and Skegness. Scout Group The local scout group is 1st Leasingham Scouts and is held in St Andrew's Primary School's main hall. The group is run by a selection of leaders and young leaders, split into beavers, cubs and scouts. The necker colours are red and blue. The group takes part in remembrance service in Leasingham and St George's Day parades in Sleaford. The beavers on 17 April 2016 were invited round Sleaford Tesco Superstore to learn how their food is prepared as part of their farm2fork programme. And as part of Poacher 2022, both the beavers and cubs were invited to take part in Junior Poacher 2022 which involved a more limited version of the main event but still including activities like water zorbs and climbing walls. Whereas the scouts section took part in the whole event. References External links St Andrews C.E. Primary School Website Leasingham War Memorial 1st Leasingham Scout Group Twitter Villages in Lincolnshire Civil parishes in Lincolnshire North Kesteven District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasingham
Something Fishy is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 18 January 1957 by Herbert Jenkins, London and in the United States on 28 January 1957 by Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, under the title The Butler Did It. The plot concerns a tontine formed by a group of wealthy men weeks before the 1929 stock market crash, and a butler named Keggs who, having overheard the planning of the scheme, years later decides to try to make money out of his knowledge. The novel features Bill Hollister and Roscoe Bunyan, the sons of two of the men who set up the tontine. The last one to become married will receive one million dollars from the tontine. Keggs supports his impoverished former employer, the genial and often confused Lord Uffenham, and Uffenham's niece Jane. A chance meeting between Bill and Jane turns to romance, and Lord Uffenham and Keggs plot to save the day for Bill and Jane. Plot On September 10, 1929, American millionaire J. J. Bunyan hosts a dinner for other millionaires in New York. Acting on a suggestion from Mortimer Bayliss, the curator of Bunyan's art collection, the group decide to have fun with their money by making a sort of tontine: Bunyan and nine other millionaires contribute fifty thousand dollars each to a fund, and the last son of the men to get married will receive all the money plus the compound interest accumulated. The men are not allowed to tell their sons about the tontine. The story jumps to June 20, 1955. Retired butler Augustus Keggs is the landlord of three neighbouring homes in London suburb Valley Fields: Castlewood, Peacehaven, and The Nook. Keggs's former employer Lord Uffenham and Lord Uffenham's niece Jane live with Keggs in Castlewood. Lord Uffenham has rented out his large home, Shipley Hall (near Tonbridge), to Roscoe Bunyan, the late J. J. Bunyan's wealthy son. Jane is engaged to Stanhope Twine, an unpopular sculptor who lives in Peacehaven, though Stanhope does not have enough money to marry. Keggs was J. J. Bunyan's butler in 1929 and knows about the tontine. The fund has grown to approximately a million dollars. He tells Roscoe that he and Stanhope are the last unmarried sons. Keggs advises him to pay Stanhope twenty thousand pounds (under the pretext of getting a percentage of his future earnings) so that Stanhope can get married and Roscoe will receive the tontine money. Bayliss volunteers to speak to Stanhope for Roscoe. Keggs is annoyed when Roscoe only rewards him with fifty pounds for the information. Bayliss privately tells Keggs that he knows nobody named Twine joined the tontine, and Keggs confesses that the only other remaining son is actually named Bill Hollister. Keggs lied to Roscoe to help Jane, who wishes to marry Stanhope. Bayliss keeps his secret since he will enjoy seeing the greedy Roscoe lose twenty thousand pounds for nothing. Roscoe is secretly engaged to actress Emma Billson (Keggs's niece) and plans to end the engagement because of the tontine. He hires private detective Percy Pilbeam to get back his letters to her mentioning marriage to avoid a breach of promise case. Unlike Roscoe, Bill Hollister is not rich and works for art dealer Leonard Gish's Gish Galleries. Stanhope and Bill are acquaintances, and Bill helps Stanhope do business with Bayliss. Jane wants Mr Gish to sell pictures from the Uffenham family collection kept at Shipley Hall. Gish tells Bill to go to Shipley and ask Bayliss about the pictures. Bill meets Jane at Barribault's and falls in love with her. Jane also feels drawn to Bill, though she keeps in mind that she is engaged to Stanhope. At Shipley Hall, Bayliss tells Uffenham and Bill that Uffenham's pictures are all fake. When Bill abruptly asks Jane to marry him over the telephone, she gasps and ends the call. Uffenham, who likes Bill, advises him to be more tactful and warns him that Jane is engaged to Stanhope. Bayliss delivers Roscoe's check to Stanhope. Afterwards, Bayliss tells Roscoe that Keggs lied and Stanhope is not part of the tontine. To inspire Jane to feel concern for Bill, Uffenham hits him with a tobacco jar. This is successful, and Jane and Bill admit their feelings for each other. Stanhope has ended his engagement with Jane in order to travel the world freely with his new money. Keggs offers to tell Roscoe the real identity of the other remaining contender for the tontine, if Roscoe pays him a hundred thousand dollars out of the tontine proceeds. Roscoe agrees and they sign a contract. Keggs tells Roscoe about Bill. Following Keggs's suggestion, Roscoe hires Bill at a large salary to be Bayliss's assistant so that Bill can afford to marry Jane. Percy Pilbeam recovers Roscoe's letters. Roscoe gives him another job, to recover and destroy Keggs's contract, which Pilbeam manages to accomplish. Bayliss informs Uffenham that some of his pictures are actually valuable after all. Bill learns about the tontine but still wants to marry Jane right away, which moves Jane. Keggs realizes that Pilbeam was hired by Roscoe to destroy their contract, and also learns that Roscoe was engaged to Emma and ended the engagement because of the tontine, and had his letters destroyed to avoid a breach of promise case. Uffenham suggests that Keggs bring Emma's parents, Flossie Billson (Keggs's sister) and retired boxer Battling Billson, to confront Roscoe. The intimidating appearance of Mr Billson compels Roscoe to renew his engagement to Emma, and split the tontine money evenly with Bill and pay Keggs. Bayliss decides not to tell Bill or Roscoe that Bill's father didn't actually contribute to the tontine and Roscoe didn't have to split the money with Bill. Main characters Roscoe Bunyan, wealthy and greedy 31-year-old son of J. J. Bunyan, the American millionaire who hosted the 1929 dinner party where the tontine was set up Mortimer Bayliss, art expert and curator of the large Bunyan art collection and friend of Bill's late father, also mentioned in A Pelican at Blandings (1969) Augustus Keggs, dignified landlord and ex-butler, also mentioned in Ice in the Bedroom (1961) and appeared pre-retirement in A Damsel in Distress (1919) George, sixth Viscount Uffenham, amiable and impecunious owner of Shipley Hall who rented it out to Roscoe, also appeared in Money in the Bank (1942) Jane Benedick, spirited niece of Lord Uffenham who cooks and lives at Castlewood, initially engaged to Stanhope William "Bill" Hollister, affable and talkative assistant at the Gish Galleries in Bond Street, works for Leonard Gish who is also mentioned in Frozen Assets (1964) Stanhope Twine, unsuccessful and supercilious sculptor who lives at Peacehaven and is engaged to Jane Percy Pilbeam, the unscrupulous head of the Argus Detective Agency who appears in several other Wodehouse books, including a visit to Blandings Castle in Summer Lightning (1929) Publication history Under the title Something Fishy, the story was published in two parts in Collier's (US) on 31 August and 14 September 1956, with illustrations by Ronald Searle. This version was shorter than the novel version. Something Fishy was also published in three parts in John Bull (UK) from 29 September to 13 October 1956, with illustrations by Edwin Phillips. The US edition of the novel, titled The Butler Did It, was included in the Wodehouse collection Five Complete Novels, published in May 1983 by Avenel Books, New York. References Notes Bibliography External links The Russian Wodehouse Society's page, with a list of characters Novels by P. G. Wodehouse English novels 1957 British novels Herbert Jenkins books Fiction set in 1929 Fiction set in 1955 Works originally published in Collier's British comedy novels	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something%20Fishy
You Can't Cheat an Honest Man is a 1939 American comedy film directed by George Marshall and Edward F. Cline and starring W. C. Fields. Fields also wrote the story on which the film is based under the name Charles Bogle. Plot Circus proprietor Larsen E. Whipsnade is struggling to keep a step ahead of foreclosure, and clearly not paying his performers, including Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy (Bergen's ventriloquist's dummy/alter-ego, whom Whipsnade hates) Whipsnade's co-ed daughter pays a visit and falls in love with Bergen, but after she sees the financial mess that her father is in, she decides to marry Roger, a tiresome young millionaire. Whipsnade initially approves of the marriage, and just to be sure that the penniless Bergen doesn't win out (and make McCarthy an in-law), he sets the pair adrift in a hot-air balloon. However, Whipsnade creates a scene at the engagement party, and father and daughter escape together in a chariot, with Bergen and McCarthy in pursuit. Cast W. C. Fields as Larsen E. Whipsnade Edgar Bergen as Himself and the characters Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd Constance Moore as Vicky Whipsnade John Arledge as Phineas Whipsnade Eddie Anderson as Rochester (billed as Cheerful) James Bush as Roger Bel-Goodie Mary Forbes as Mrs. Bel-Goodie Thurston Hall as Mr. Bel-Goodie Grady Sutton as Chester Princess Baba as Herself Charles Coleman as Butler Edward Brophy as Corbett Arthur Hohl as Burr Blacaman as Himself Ferris Taylor as Deputy Sheriff Ivan Lebedeff as Ronnie Production background The film's whimsical title comes from a line spoken by Fields about ten minutes into the film. Whipsnade says that his grandfather Litvak's last words, spoken "just before they sprung the trap", were: "You can't cheat an honest man; never give a sucker an even break, or smarten up a chump." The line expands on his character's comment to his daughter in the musical Poppy (1923): "Let me give you just one bit of fatherly advice: Never give a sucker an even break." (This is the title of a subsequent Fields film, made in 1941.) The character name is obviously a play on "larceny", a point which Fields reinforces at one point when someone calls him "Larceny Whipsnake". The film features Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy, capitalizing on the popularity of their ongoing radio "feud" with Fields. According to historian William K. Everson, the film has three directors. George Marshall, the credited director, did not get along with Fields, so he worked mostly with the other cast members, while Eddie Cline was brought in to work with Fields, who had worked previously with Cline and liked him. (Cline in fact went on to direct Fields' next three films.) B. Reeves Eason was the second-unit director, helming the chase scenes and other action-oriented material. In popular culture Fields' character in this film would inspire the authors of the comic strip The Wizard of Id to create a shady lawyer character, a Fields caricature named "Larsen E. Pettifogger". A scene from the film is featured in the opening to Dummy (2002). References External links 1939 films 1939 comedy films American comedy films American black-and-white films Circus films Films directed by Edward F. Cline Films directed by George Marshall Films scored by Frank Skinner Universal Pictures films 1930s American films 1930s English-language films English-language comedy films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Can%27t%20Cheat%20an%20Honest%20Man
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, also known as potassium iso-octanoate, is a chemical used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate (clavulanate potassium). It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive antifreeze and as a catalyst for polyurethane systems. References Potassium compounds Ethylhexanoates	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%202-ethylhexanoate
Misor was the name of a deity appearing in a theogeny provided by Roman era Phoenician writer Philo of Byblos in an account preserved by Eusebius in Praeparatio Evangelica, and attributed to the still earlier Sanchuniathon. He was one of two children of the deities Amunos and Magos. The other named was Sydyk. It is said that these two were the first to discover the use of salt. The names "Misor" and "Sydyk" mean "Straight" and "Just" (or, in another translation, "Well-freed" and "Just"). Misor's son was named Taautus, and believed to be the inventor of the first written alphabet. References Phoenician mythology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misor
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots. Description Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid. Taxonomy The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots). The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade. Takhtajan system The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following: subclass Commelinidae superorder Bromelianae order Bromeliales order Velloziales superorder Pontederianae order Philydrales order Pontederiales order Haemodorales superorder Zingiberanae order Musales order Lowiales order Zingiberales order Cannales superorder Commelinanae order Commelinales order Mayacales order Xyridales order Rapateales order Eriocaulales superorder Hydatellanae order Hydatellales superorder Juncanae order Juncales order Cyperales superorder Poanae order Flagellariales order Restionales order Centrolepidales order Poales Cronquist system The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following: subclass Commelinidae order Commelinales order Eriocaulales order Restionales order Juncales order Cyperales order Hydatellales order Typhales APG system The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids). The commelinids now constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots, and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. Subdivision The commelinids of APG II (2003) and APG III (2009) contain essentially the same plants as the commelinoids of the earlier APG system (1998). In APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales. See also List of commelinid families References Bibliography External links Plant unranked clades	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commelinids
The following are the association football events of the year 1993 throughout the world. Events February 18 – Dutch club Roda JC fires head coach and former player Adrie Koster. February 24 – Defender Johan de Kock makes his debut for the Netherlands national football team, in the World Cup qualifier against Turkey, 3–1. March 24 – Ajax-striker Ronald de Boer scores a penalty during his debut for the Netherlands national football team in the World Cup qualifier against San Marino, 6–0. April 27 – 18 members of the Zambia national football team die in a plane crash off Libreville, Gabon. This is the worst tragedy in African football. May 15 – The inauguration match of J. League, Verdy Kawasaki vs Yokohama Marinos is held at the National Stadium of Japan. May 20 – In France, start the "Affair OM-VA" corruption scandal by Marseille and Valenciennes. One week later, on May 26, Marseille's squad win the UEFA Champions League defeating AC Milan 1–0 at the Olympiastadion in Munich. On May 29, Marseille win the French league, but are stripped of the title by the French Football Federation on September 22, with no winner assigned. In October/November the France national football team fail to qualify for the 1994 World Cup after losses to Israel and Bulgaria May 20 – Arsenal defeats Sheffield Wednesday 2–1 in the replay to claim the FA Cup. May 26 – Copa Libertadores won by São Paulo FC after defeating Club Deportivo Universidad Católica on an aggregate score, 5–3. August 8 – Ajax wins the Dutch Super Cup, the annual opening of the new season in the Eredivisie, by a 4–0 win over Feyenoord. August 26 – Manager Peter Reid is fired by Manchester City and succeeded by Brian Horton. September 5 – Colombia national football team pull one of the largest upsets in soccer by defeating Argentina national football team 0–5 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. September 22 – Dutch striker Wim Kieft plays his last match for the Netherlands national football team in the World Cup Qualifier against San Marino. December 12 – São Paulo FC once again wins the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo, Japan, this time by defeating Italy's AC Milan,3–2. The winning goal for the Brazilians is scored by Müller in the 86th minute. European Cup winners Olympique Marseille (France) were suspended due to a bribery scandal in the French Championship and were replaced by runners-up Milan. December 18 – RKC Waalwijk fires manager Hans Verèl. Winners club national tournaments Africa Egypt – Zamalek Asia – Verdy Kawasaki – Al-Arabi – Ilhwa Chunma Europe – Partizani Tiranë – Austria Vienna – Anderlecht – Levski Sofia – Croatia Zagreb – Omonia Nicosia – Sparta Prague – FC Copenhagen – Manchester United – FC Norma Tallinn – Jazz Pori – No title awarded (Marseille stripped of title due to a corruption scandal) (Bundesliga) – Werder Bremen (Serie A) – AC Milan Eredivisie – Feyenoord Eerste Divisie – VVV-Venlo – FC Porto for more complete coverage see 1992-93 in Scottish football Scottish Premier Division – Rangers Scottish Division One – Raith Rovers Scottish Division Two – Clyde Scottish Cup – Rangers Scottish League Cup – Rangers (La Liga – FC Barcelona) – IFK Gothenburg – FC Aarau – Galatasaray – Partizan Central America – CS Herediano North America – Atlante / – Colorado Foxes (APSL) South America Clausura: Vélez Sársfield Apertura: River Plate – The Strongest – Palmeiras – Colo Colo – Atlético Junior – Club Sport Emelec – Olimpia Asunción International tournaments Baltic Cup in Pärnu, Estonia CONCACAF Gold Cup in Dallas, United States and Mexico City, Mexico Copa América in Ecuador UNCAF Nations Cup in Tegucigalpa, Honduras 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia FIFA U-17 World Championship in Japan National team results Europe Births January 1 January: Jon Flanagan, English footballer 4 January: Vladyslav Kalitvintsev, Ukrainian footballer 5 January: Çağlayan Alpsatan, Turkish footballer 14 January: Daniel Bessa, Italian-Brazilian junior international Juanjo Muko Nsue, Equatoguinean footballer 15 January: Niko Kata, Spanish-born Equatoguinean international 19 January: Mike Thalassitis, English-Cypriot footballer and television personality (d. 2019) 24 January: Jorginho (Jorge Manuel da Cunha Ribeiro), Portuguese footballer 25 January: Kasper Larsen, Danish footballer February 2 February: Ravel Morrison, British-born Jamaican footballer 3 February: Vanessa Fernández, Dominican footballer 5 February Gerard Bieszczad, Polish footballer Oualid El Hamdaoui, French and Moroccan professional footballer 7 February: Diego Laxalt, Uruguayan footballer 9 February: Niclas Füllkrug, German youth international 12 February: Marco Berardi, Sanmarinese footballer 15 February: Geoffrey Kondogbia, French-Central African footballer 17 February: Nicola Leali, Italian youth international 19 February: Mauro Icardi, Argentine footballer 28 February: Éder Álvarez Balanta, Colombian international footballer March 1 March: Josh McEachran, English junior international 5 March: Gilbrano Plet, Dutch professional footballer 7 March Leonid Akulinin, Ukrainian footballer Sultan Al-Deayea, Saudi Arabian footballer Diego Chávez, Peruvian footballer Mary Earps, British footballer Kenneth Farrow, American footballer Vinícius Freitas, Brazilian footballer João Tiago Serrão Garcês, Portuguese footballer Gilberto, Brazilian footballer Óscar Ignacio Hernández, Chilean footballer Saad Hussain, Qatari footballer Jackson Irvine, Australian footballer Matt Jones, American footballer Anton Kotlyar, Ukrainian footballer Santy Ngom, Senegalese footballer Mohamed Ouattara, Burkinabé footballer Shawn Parker, German footballer Robbie Thomson, Scottish footballer 9 March: Larnell Cole, English footballer 12 March: Christopher Aboué, French footballer 19 March Mateusz Szwoch, Polish midfielder Hakim Ziyech, Moroccan and Dutch international 22 March – Kiril Erokhin, Russian footballer 28 March – Fran Zafra, Spanish footballer 31 March – Connor Wickham, English footballer April 1 April: Andy Brennan, Australian footballer 9 April: Tobias Ahrens, German footballer 11 April: Yuji Takahashi, Japanese footballer 18 April: Nuno Sousa, Portuguese footballer 19 April: Lia Wälti, Swiss footballer May May 20: Juanmi, Spanish international May 25: Andrés Felipe Roa, Colombian international May 27: Mikel Agu, Nigerian international June 5 June: Juraj Maretić, Croatian footballer 11 June: Ciara Grant, Irish footballer 12 June: Ricardo Pinto, Portuguese footballer 13 June: Thomas Partey, Ghanaian footballer July 5 July: Mehdi Tarfi, Belgian footballer 8 July: Shahrul Saad, Malaysian footballer 10 July: Tiago Ferreira, Portuguese footballer 13 July: Dan Bentley, English footballer 18 July: Nabil Fekir, French footballer 27 July: Omer Atzili, Israeli footballer Max Power, English footballer 28 July: Harry Kane, English footballer August 3 August: Isaac Oliseh, Nigerian footballer 4 August: Saido Berahino, English footballer 20 August: Mario Jelavic, Croatian junior international 30 August: Paco Alcácer, Spanish international 31 August: Pablo Marí, Spanish club footballer September 1 September: Mario Lemina, Gabonese–French footballer Fábio Oliveira, Portuguese footballer 16 September: Aleksandar Mitrović, Serbian footballer 27 September: Lisandro Magallán, Argentine footballer October 6 October: Joe Rafferty, English-born Irish footballer November 10 November: Hugo Rego, Portuguese footballer 16 November: Nelson Semedo, Portuguese international Deaths January January 9 – Mario Genta, Italian midfielder, winner of the 1938 FIFA World Cup. (80) January 13 – Edivaldo, Brazilian forward, Brazilian squad member at the 1986 FIFA World Cup and active player of Clube Atlético Taquaritinga . (30 ; car crash) January 21 - Felice Borel, Italian forward, winner of the 1934 FIFA World Cup and topscorer of the 1932-33 Serie A and 1933-34 Serie A. (78) February February 11 – Félix Ruiz (52), Spanish footballer March March 15 – Karl Mai, West-German midfielder, winner of the 1954 FIFA World Cup. (64) April April 30 – Mario Evaristo, Argentine midfielder, runner up of the 1930 FIFA World Cup, part of the first sibling to play in a World Cup Final. (84) May May 6 – Rommel Fernandez (27), Panamanian footballer May 28 – Ugo Locatelli, Italian midfielder, winner of the 1938 FIFA World Cup. (77) October October 4 - Jim Holton (43), Scottish international footballer October 14 – Harald Hennum (65), Norwegian footballer November November 26 - Guido Masetti, Italian goalkeeper, winner of the 1934 FIFA World Cup and 1938 FIFA World Cup. (86) December December 26 – Carlos Antonio Muñoz (29), Ecuadorian footballer References Association football by year	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20in%20association%20football
Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (known in some international releases as What a Man!) is a 1941 Universal Pictures comedy film starring W. C. Fields. Fields also wrote the original story, under the pseudonym Otis Criblecoblis. Fields plays himself, promoting an extravagant screenplay he has written. As he describes the script to a skeptical producer, the often surreal scenes are shown. The title is derived from lines from two earlier films. In Poppy (1936), he tells his daughter "If we should ever separate, my little plum, I want to give you just one bit of fatherly advice: Never give a sucker an even break!" In You Can't Cheat an Honest Man (1939), he tells a customer that his grandfather's last words, "just before they sprung the trap", were "You can't cheat an honest man; never give a sucker an even break, or smarten up a chump." Fields fought with studio producers, directors, and writers over the content of his films. He was determined to make a movie his way, with his own script and staging, and his choice of supporting players. Universal finally gave him the chance, and Never Give a Sucker an Even Break was the result. Fields chose most of the supporting cast. He chose Universal's young singing star Gloria Jean to play his niece and hired two of his favorite comedians, Leon Errol and Franklin Pangborn, to play supporting roles. Margaret Dumont, best known as the Marx Brothers' matronly foil, was cast as the haughty Mrs. Hemogloben. Fields was paid $125,000 for his performance and $25,000 for his original story. Plot At the Hollywood studios of Esoteric Pictures, W. C. Fields, playing himself, is seen admiring a billboard advertising his previous film The Bank Dick (1940). He encounters various hecklers and minor calamities, including a rude, sassy diner waitress (Jody Gilbert), he calls "Blimpy Pie." His devoted niece Gloria Jean is on her way to rehearse some songs at the studio, where she demonstrates her classically trained coloratura soprano. Fields is also on the premises to pitch a script to Esoteric producer Franklin Pangborn. Pangborn reads through the script, which comes to life in a series of scenes. Fields and Gloria Jean are flying to an exotic location on an airplane, which Fields specifies has an open-air rear observatory platform. Fields has run-ins with a couple of eccentric characters in which he tangles with a large, angry man in the lower berth and manages to hit him with a mallet and convince him that someone else did it. At one point, Gloria Jean asks Uncle Bill why he never married, and he answers "I was in love with a beautiful blonde once, dear. She drove me to drink. That's the one thing I'm indebted to her for." When Fields's flask falls out of the plane, Fields jumps after it. and his niece cries out in horror. He lands safely in a "nest" high atop a cliff, a home populated by a beautiful, young, naive girl (Susan Miller) and her cynical mother (Margaret Dumont). Meanwhile, the plane lands, and Gloria Jean sings a traditional Russian song to a group of peasants. She reunites with Fields in the village, where Fields learns that Dumont is wealthy. He returns to Dumont's mountaintop retreat, only to find a romantic rival (Leon Errol). Fields is about to marry Dumont when Gloria Jean takes him aside and convinces him that this is a bad idea, and they make a swift exit. At this point, Pangborn has had enough of the absurdity of the script and tells Fields to leave the studio. Fields goes to an ice cream parlor to drown his sorrows. In a rare aside to the camera, Fields remarks "This scene is supposed to be in a saloon, but the censor cut it out!" At the studio, when Gloria Jean learns Fields has been sent away, she tells the flustered Pangborn that she will quit if her uncle is fired. She and Fields make plans to travel, and she goes into a shop to buy some new clothes. Just then, a middle-aged matron (Kay Deslys) asks for help getting to the maternity hospital, where her daughter is about to give birth. Fields volunteers, thinking the matron is in distress, and she takes the back seat of his car. He speeds her through the streets and expressways of Los Angeles, where he tangles with pedestrians, cars, and a hook-and-ladder fire truck. When his passenger passes out, Fields drives even more urgently. He arrives at the hospital, wrecking his car in the process, and his passenger is shaken but unhurt. Gloria Jean, who has just arrived by taxi, asks Uncle Bill if he's all right. He replies "Good thing I didn't have an accident. I'd never have gotten here." Gloria Jean smiles and says to the audience "My Uncle Bill...but I still love him!" Songs Gloria Jean sings the following songs in this film: "Estrellita" ("Little Star") - in Spanish, music and lyrics by M. M. Ponce "Voices of Spring" -- music by Johann Strauss II, with special lyrics in English "Hot Cha Cha"—nonsense song by Universal's musical director Charles Previn ""Очи чёрные" ("Ochi chyornye" or "Dark Eyes") - in Russian, traditional Russian folk song Production Fields' preferred title for the film was The Great Man, which also had been his original title for The Bank Dick, but this title again was rejected by Universal. When the title was changed, Fields was afraid that "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break" would not fit on theater marquees, and it would be abbreviated to "W. C. Fields - Sucker". Fields' first version of the script was only 12 pages long. The studio told him to expand it, which Fields' did, to 96 pages. This was still not enough, so Fields hired screenwriters John T. Neville and Prescott Chaplin to expand it. This version came in at 156 pages. This was the version of the script that was rejected in April 1941 by the Hays Office because it was "filled with vulgar and suggestive scenes and dialogue" and had "innumerable jocular references to drinking and liquor," the producer was referred to as a "pansy", and the Fields character ogled women's breasts and legs. The censors also objected to "all dialogue and showing of bananas and pineapples", which they felt was "a play upon an obscene story." A revised script was approved two months later. The studio hired a number of writers to continue work on the script, none of them billed, but Fields hated their version, calling it "the worst script I ever read." He was inclined to "throw it in their faces", but director Eddie Cline told him not to—he would shoot Fields's own script, and the studio wouldn;t know the difference, which was the case. Aftermath After the positive reception of Fields' previous Universal picture, The Bank Dick, the studio had touted The Great Man as one of its major features of the year, to be released during the holiday season of 1941. "That was the plan until the studio heads saw the film," reported Gloria Jean's biographers. "In late September they conveniently forgot about their bonded schedule, changed the title from The Great Man back to Never Give a Sucker an Even Break, and moved the release date up to October 10, placing the Fields film among a succession of lesser releases... Universal, deciding that this would be Fields's last picture at the studio, gave a choice November release date to Olsen and Johnson instead. Sucker became a non-event." Parts of the film were reshot without Fields's participation, and the film was re-edited and rearranged into a crazy-quilt of comedy sequences. "By keeping the film as nonsensical as possible, like [Olsen and Johnson's] Hellzapoppin', Universal could bridge Fields's chaotic continuity and gloss over his occasional absences." The outrageously zany film played to mixed reviews but is today considered one of Fields's classics. It has been called "a thinly disguised attack on the Hollywood studio system." Upon release, columnist Ted Strauss in The New York Times wrote "We are not yet quite sure that this latest opus is even a movie – no such harum-scarum collection of song, slapstick and thumbnail sketches has defied dramatic law in recent history. We are more certain that at its worst the film is extravagantly bad, no less that William Claude is wonderful...Yes, some parts of the film you will find incomprehensibly silly. Probably you also will laugh your head off." This movie was Fields's last starring role. By this time, he was 61 years old and in declining health, and a lifetime of alcoholism had taken its toll. Fields often had to recuperate in his dressing room between takes. He was planning his next film for Universal, with Gloria Jean and Anne Nagel from the cast of Sucker planned to him, but after the lukewarm performance of Sucker, Universal dropped him. The studio had the increasingly popular Abbott and Costello under contract and no longer needed Fields. Cast W. C. Fields as The Great Man, W. C. Fields/Uncle Bill Gloria Jean as His Niece, Gloria Jean Leon Errol as His Rival, Leon Billy Lenhart and Kenneth Brown as His Hecklers (as Butch and Buddy) Margaret Dumont as Mrs. Hemogloben Susan Miller as Ouilotta Delight Hemogloben Franklin Pangborn as the producer, Mr. Pangborn Mona Barrie as the producer's wife, Mrs. Pangborn Charles Lang as the young engineer, Peter Carson Anne Nagel as Madame Gorgeous, Gloria Jean's mother Nell O'Day as salesgirl Irving Bacon as Tom, the soda jerk Jody Gilbert as the waitress Minerva Urecal as Mrs. Pastromi, the cleaning woman Emmett Vogan as Steve Roberts, engineer Carlotta Monti as Pangborn's receptionist Uncredited: Leon Belasco as Gloria Jean's accompanist Dave Willock as Johnson, the movie director Jack Lipson as the Russian plane passenger Claud Allister as the British plane passenger Kay Deslys as Mrs. Wilson, visiting the hospital Michael Visaroff as a Russian peasant Richard Alexander as a burly man Sources: Cast notes: Carlotta Monti, who plays Pangborn's receptionist, was Fields' mistress. She later wrote an autobiography that was made into the 1976 film W. C. Fields and Me, which starred Rod Steiger and Valerie Perrine. References External links 1941 films 1941 comedy films American black-and-white films Films about filmmaking Films directed by Edward F. Cline Universal Pictures films American comedy films Films about con artists 1940s English-language films 1940s American films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never%20Give%20a%20Sucker%20an%20Even%20Break
Naftali Yehuda Halevi Horowitz is the Bostoner Rebbe, having succeeded his father, Grand Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Horowitz, the second Bostoner Rebbe, upon the latter's death in December 2009. He is the rebbe of the Boston Hasidic community from the New England Chassidic Center in Brookline, Massachusetts, built by his father, and also directs ROFEH International, the community-based medical referral and hospitality liaison support agency established by his father. Family Naftali Yehudah Horowitz is the third and youngest son of Levi Yitzchak Horowitz and Raichel Unger Leifer. He is a ninth-generation descendant on the male line of Shmuel Shmelke Horowitz, the Nikolsburger rebbe. His eldest brother, Pinchos Dovid Horowitz, is the Bostoner-Chuster rabbi of Borough Park, Brooklyn, and his other brother Mayer Alter Horowitz is the Bostoner rebbe of Har Nof, Jerusalem. His sister Shayna Gittel is married to the Vialopola rebbe of Flatbush, Brooklyn. Biography Horowitz received rabbinical ordination at Beth Medrash Gevoha in Lakewood, New Jersey and Tchebin Yeshiva of Jerusalem, Israel. He married Shayndle Weiss and in 1980 went to Boston to become the rabbi of Congregation Beth Pinchas in Brookline. Congregation Beth Pinchas is part of the New England Chassidic Center, an umbrella organization providing religious and community services throughout the Boston area. References External links Official Website of the Bostoner Shul American Hasidic rabbis 20th-century American rabbis 21st-century American rabbis Beth Medrash Govoha alumni Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Rebbes of Boston	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali%20Yehuda%20Horowitz
Breckland in Norfolk and Suffolk is a 39,433 hectare Special Protection Area (SPA) under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. The SPA partly overlaps the 7,544 hectare Breckland Special Area of Conservation. As a landscape region it is an unusual natural habitat of England. It comprises the gorse-covered sandy heath that lies mostly in the south of the county of Norfolk but also in the north of Suffolk. An area of considerable interest for its unusual flora and fauna, it lies to the east of another unusual habitat, the Fens, and to the south west of the Broads. The typical tree of this area is the Scots pine. Breckland is one of the driest areas in England. The area of Breckland has been substantially reduced in the twentieth century by the impact of modern farming and the creation in 1914 of Thetford Forest. However substantial areas have been preserved, not least by the presence of the British Army on the Stanford Battle Area. During the Prehistoric period Breckland was mined for flint, evidence for which can be found at Grimes Graves just outside Thetford in Norfolk. The word 'Breck' is medieval and was defined as being an area of heathland broken up for cultivation before being allowed to retreat back into wilderness. Up until 200 years ago, much of it consisted of open heathland. The Brecks today are a tourist attraction as well as an area of scientific and geographical interest. The Breckland landscape region has given its name to Breckland District, a local government district that contains most of Norfolk's portion of the Breckland. Part of West Suffolk district cover the Suffolk portion. The Great Eastern Pingo Trail is 8 miles of tracks and paths exploring the eastern edge of the Breckland area. The trail takes in the commons at the villages of Thompson and Stow Bedon, and heathland at Breckles and Great Hockham. Thompson Water, an artificial lake, and the woodland at Thompson Carr also form part of the walk. The name of the trail comes from the former Great Eastern Railway and the large number of pingo ponds found in the area. Pingo ponds or kettle lakes are formed from collapsed mound of earth-covered ice, called pingos, formed when the ice-sheets retreated. The trail may be accessed as a detour from the Peddars Way long-distance footpath. It is a Local Nature Reserve. Wildlife Although the Brecks has experienced extraordinary change and loss of wildlife species and habitats in the last 50 years, the varied habitats of the area continue to provide a refuge for many threatened species. 43% of the Brecks is protected at a national or international level for its wildlife or geological interest. Over 12,845 species live in the Brecklands. This is one of the most important areas for wildlife in the UK, including birds such as the nightjars, woodlarks, and the 65% of the UK's stone curlew population. Sadly, 25 species previously recorded in breckland are now considered to be nationally extinct; ranging from flowers and mosses to beetles and moths. The Brecklands are home to over 120 nationally rare and threatened plant species, many of which grow nowhere else in Britain. With all this diversity, Breckland has received international recognition as an Important Plant Area (IPA). Many of the flora and fauna that are unique to the area have a special protection status, or are part of conservation and rewilding projects. Fauna that are being monitored in Breckland habitats include the woodlark, stone curlews, grey carpet moth, lunar yellow under-wing moth, nightjars, brush-thighed seed-eater beetle, forester moth, moonshiner beetle, and five-banded tailed digger wasp. Rare or endangered plants include the Spanish Catchfly, Spring Speedwell, Tower Mustard, Rare Spring-sedge, Red-tipped Cudweed, Field Wormwood, Prostrate Perennial Knawel, Fingered Speedwell, Military Orchid, Proliferous Pink, Bee Orchid Fine-leaved Sandwort, and Grape Hyacinth. 86% of Breckland heathland was lost between 1934 and 1980. Huge areas have been planted with conifer plantations and many heaths have been ploughed for arable crops. Grazing by sheep and cattle has declined and rabbit populations crashed when myxomatosis arrived in 1954. Combined with the loss of bracken and heather collection for animal bedding, large areas of heath have now become densely vegetated, crowding out the plants that preferred the open, disturbed and well-grazed land. In addition, much of the open sand dune habitat has also become overgrown, with sand no longer moving around in the wind . A Pool Frog (Pelophylax lessonae) reintroduction project was started in 2005 by English Nature. Breckland is one of the few areas in England where the rare and shy (but non-indigenous) golden pheasant may be seen in the wild. Gallery References External links The Brecks www.countrysideaccess.norfolk.gov.uk The Breckland Society Breckland District Forest Heath Geography of Norfolk Geography of Suffolk Natural regions of England Local Nature Reserves in Norfolk Borough of St Edmundsbury	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breckland
The Braaid is an Iron Age roundhouse and two Norse long houses on this site represent its occupation until the 11th or 12th century AD in the parish of Marown in the Isle of Man. The site uniquely brings together buildings of Iron Age and Viking styles that were used together and survive down to the present. The site lies between Braaid hamlet and Mount Murray at which reference an area map can be viewed. Also nearby is The Broogh Fort (). References The Braaid, Manx National Heritage History of the Isle of Man	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Braaid
Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants based on the type genus Dasypogon, one that has traditionally not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species. The family is endemic to Australia. The best known representative is Kingia australis. The 2016 APG IV system places the family in the order Arecales, after several studies revealed the family as a sister-family to Arecaceae. Other authors find that the placement of Dasypogonaceae remains undetermined, due to conflicting models, and leave it in an order of its own, the Dasypogonales. The earlier APG III (2009), APG II (2003), and the 1998 APG system all accepted the validity of the family, assigning it to the clade commelinids, but leaving it unplaced as to order. The commelinids are monocots, the broad group to which, in any event, these plants clearly belong. Phylogeny Studies have confirmed the monophyletic character of the grouping. The following is a phylogenetic tree of the family. References External links Dasypogonaceae , Calectasiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 9 March 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/. Dasypogonaceae in Western Australia [70 entries] Commelinid families Plant families endemic to Australia Arecales	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasypogonaceae
Evan Walker is the name of: Evan Harris Walker (1935–2006), American physicist Evan Walker (politician) (1935–2015), Australian politician	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%20Walker
The 1984 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 1 December 1984. All 148 seats in the House of Representatives (24 of them newly created) and 46 of 76 seats in the Senate (12 of them newly created) were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke defeated the opposition Liberal–National coalition, led by Andrew Peacock. The election was held in conjunction with two referendum questions, neither of which was carried. Background and issues The election had a long campaign and a high rate of informal voting for the House of Representatives, but decreased rate in the Senate (due to the introduction of the Group voting ticket). Although a House election was not due until 1986, Hawke opted to call an election 18 months early in part to bring the elections for the House and Senate back into line following the double dissolution election of 1983. The legislated increase in the size of the House by 24 seats and the Senate by 12 seats came into effect at the 1984 election. Prior to 1984 the electoral commission did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the previous election were put through this process prior to their destruction – therefore the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences. Results House of Representatives Senate Seats changing hands Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election. Analysis The results of the election surprised most analysts; the expectation had been that Bob Hawke – who had been polling a record ACNielsen approval rating of 75 percent on the eve of the election – would win by a significantly larger margin. Labor instead suffered a 2-point swing against it and had its majority cut from 25 to 16. Hawke blamed the result on the changes to Senate vote cards, which he believed confused people regarding their House of Representatives votes and contributed to the relatively high informal vote, the majority of which apparently was Labor votes. However, analysis by the Australian Electoral Commission found that informal voting only slightly reduced Labor's primary vote and did not change the result in any division. Andrew Peacock did well from a good performance in the one leaders' debate, held on 26 November 1984, which was the first televised leaders' debate in Australia. See also Candidates of the 1984 Australian federal election Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1984-1987 Members of the Australian Senate, 1985-1987 References University of WA election results in Australia since 1890 AEC 2PP vote AustralianPolitics.com election details 1984 elections in Australia Bob Hawke Federal elections in Australia December 1984 events in Australia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Australian%20federal%20election
The NS 8800 was a series of tank engines of the Dutch railway NS for the shunting service. Of the approximately 324 British-built Hunslet Austerity C (0-6-0ST) saddle tank locomotives, many were used by the British War Department during their fight against the German army in mainland Western Europe. The NS bought 27 of them just after World War II. They had been built by the Hunslet Engine Company (12), WG Bagnall (3), Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns (RSH) (6), and Hudswell Clarke (6). In NS service After the departure of the British army in 1945, the Dutch Railways bought 31 copies. Four engines were sold to the Staatsmijnen in Limburg after a short time. The other 27 were assigned the NS numbers 8801-8827 and were used for shunting until 1957. They were liked by crews and had the name not to "leave" any train standing. Shunting a heavy coal train was not difficult for these locomotives, and they were loved by drivers and firemen alike. With their water tanks built around the boiler like a saddle (hence the name saddle tank locomotive) and their two internal cylinders, they looked very different from the traditional Dutch shunting locomotives of the NS 8700 and NS 9500 series. In the years between 1953, and 1957 six engines were sold, five to the Laura and Julia coal mine (8811 and 8826 in 1953, 8812 in 1954, 8807 and 8815 in 1957) and one to the United Cooperative Sugar Factories in Roosendaal (8817 in 1955). The remaining engines were scrapped during that time. Period after service with the NS After the NS withdrew the engines in 1957, a large number were sold to the Laura and Julia Mine and the Oranje Nassau Mine, where they remained in use until the mines were closed in 1974. The locomotives that were sold to the Staatsmijnen were scrapped in the period 1960–1961. Three engines have been preserved. In 1981 the Stoom Stichting Nederland bought the former NS 8811, built by Hudswell Clarke in 1943. In 2010 this locomotive was partially made roadworthy. On April 13, 2012, the now completely restored locomotive was presented to invited guests at the SSN depot. The former NS 8826, built by Hunslet in 1944, was bought in 1975 by the Metaalhandel Gebr. van Raak in Tilburg, who loaned the locomotive to the Stichting Stoomtrein Tilburg-Turnhout between 1976 and 1981 for a heritage steam service on the Tilburg - Turnhout railway line. After the line closed the locomotive returned to Tilburg. In 1998 the locomotive was purchased by the Zuid Limburgse Stoomtrein Maatschappij with the intention of making it roadworthy again. The boiler of the former NS 8812 on the frame of the former NS 8815 has returned to England, where the locomotive bears the name 'Walkden' and is used on the Ribble Steam Railway. References External links ZLSM \| De mijloenenlijn 8800 0-6-0ST locomotives Steam locomotives of the Netherlands Hunslet locomotives Bagnall locomotives Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns locomotives Hudswell Clarke locomotives Standard gauge locomotives of the Netherlands Shunting locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1945	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS%20Class%208800
Uqba ibn Amir al-Juhani (; died 677/78) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the Umayyad governor of Egypt in 665–667 and died in the province. Life Uqba ibn Amir hailed from the Juhayna tribe, a branch of the Quda'a confederation resident across Syria and northwestern Arabia. He became a well-known companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and had been the latter's muleteer. Uqba was also a poet and became known for his writing skills. He developed a reputation as an early reader of the Quran and possessed a version of the Muslim holy book that was different than the version descended from Caliph Uthman (). His recension of the Quran fell into oblivion after the Umayyad governor of Egypt, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, had another codex produced in accordance with the Uthmanid canon. Uqba is credited with the transmission of several hadith (traditions of Muhammad). During the First Muslim Civil War, he was an active supporter of his friend Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan against Caliph Ali (). Mu'awiya became caliph in 661 and appointed Uqba the governor of Egypt, replacing the caliph's deceased brother, Utba ibn Abi Sufyan, in 664. According to the 9th-century historian al-Tabari, in 668/69, Uqba led the Arab troops of Egypt alongside the troops of Medina in a naval raid against Byzantine territory. He was replaced as governor by Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari in 669. He died in Egypt in 677/78. An honorary tomb was built on his grave in the cemetery of Qarafa al-Kubra near Fustat. During the Mamluk period in the 14th century, it was one of several ziyarat (Muslim pilgrimage sites) visited by Egyptian Muslims. References Bibliography 678 deaths 7th-century Umayyad governors of Egypt People of the First Fitna Quda'a Sahabah hadith narrators Umayyad people of the Arab–Byzantine wars Year of birth unknown	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqba%20ibn%20Amir
Ice in the Bedroom is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published as a book in the United States (where the title was The Ice in the Bedroom) on February 2, 1961 by Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, and in the United Kingdom on October 15, 1961 by Herbert Jenkins, London. It features several Wodehouse characters from earlier books, including Drones Club members Freddie Widgeon and Oofy Prosser, and the trio of criminals, "Chimp" Twist and "Soapy" and "Dolly" Molloy. The novel has two intertwined sub-plots. Freddie Widgeon, who wishes to marry Sally Foster, is seeking to escape from a dull job in a London office to become the manager of a coffee plantation in Kenya. Meanwhile, in the normally quiet suburb of Valley Fields, where Freddie is living, a cache of jewellery, hidden in the home of Freddie's neighbour, is attracting the attention of a small gang of petty criminals. The story is essentially a re-working of Sam the Sudden (1925), which was also set in the fictional Valley Fields, had a sub-plot in which the same three crooks were hunting for hidden treasure, and entwined this with a romantic sub-plot. Plot Freddie Widgeon is renting a villa called Peacehaven in the idyllic South London suburb of Valley Fields, and working, unhappily, in the office of Shoesmith, Shoesmith, Shoesmith and Shoesmith, solicitors. Soapy Molloy has just moved out of the house next door (Castlewood), to be replaced by the novelist Leila Yorke. Leila is published by Popgood and Grooly (a publishing firm also mentioned in other novels including Uncle Dynamite and Galahad at Blandings), which is largely owned by Oofy Prosser. It turns out that Soapy has left some diamonds or "ice" (stolen from Oofy's wife Myrtle) in the bedroom of Castlewood. His wife Dolly, just released from jail, is determined to get it back. After several failed attempts, she comes up with the idea of trying to drive Leila out of her house by arranging for many people to knock on her door bearing cats, and later dogs. Meanwhile, Freddie is keen to escape from his office job and go to Kenya to run a coffee plantation. He thinks he can finance this using oil stocks sold to him by Soapy. As usual he is in love, with Sally Foster, Leila's secretary. Sally is aware of Freddie's reputation with women and is unamused when he is repeatedly found in compromising situations with the glamorous Dolly. In another sub-plot, Leila wants to find her estranged husband Joe. To this end she hires Chimp Twist. She also engages him to search for the cat perpetrator. Dolly, Soapy and Chimp all break into Castlewood in an attempt to find the jewels, but they are surprised by George, Freddie's policeman cousin. The ice ends up in the hands of Freddie, who hopes that Oofy will reward him (Soapy's stock having turned out to be predictably worthless). But Oofy typically refuses. In the end, Mr Cornelius, the Valley Fields house agent, who's just come into a fortune, gives him the cash and all's well that ends well. Publication history The story was originally published, in a condensed version, in Canada in the November 11, 1960 issue of the Star Weekly, the weekend magazine supplement of the Toronto Star newspaper. The dust jacket of the first edition (US) was designed by Paul Bacon. References External links The Russian Wodehouse Society's page, with a list of characters Novels by P. G. Wodehouse English novels 1961 British novels Works originally published in Canadian newspapers Novels set in London Herbert Jenkins books British comedy novels	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20in%20the%20Bedroom
One Astor Plaza, also known as 1515 Broadway and formerly the W. T. Grant Building, is a 54-story office building on Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Designed by Der Scutt of Ely J. Kahn & Jacobs, the building was developed by Sam Minskoff and Sons. One Astor Plaza occupies a site bounded by Broadway to the east, 45th Street to the north, Shubert Alley to the west, and 44th Street to the south. The building is named for the Hotel Astor, which had occupied the site from 1904 to 1967. SL Green Realty and Allianz own One Astor Plaza, which serves as the headquarters for Paramount Global (previously ViacomCBS). The building consists of a low base that occupies most of the site, as well as a tower section with smaller floor areas. The facade is designed in glass and stone, with large signs. The upper stories have dark glass windows, with stone mechanical shafts on all sides of the tower. The lower stories contain a public passageway and retail at ground level, as well as a lobby and Paramount Global's Studio 1515 at the second story. The building was constructed with two theaters: a Broadway house called the Minskoff Theatre on the third floor, as well as a cinema in the basement (now an event venue called Palladium Times Square). Sam Minskoff and Sons bought the Hotel Astor site in 1966 and initially proposed a 50-story tower without any theaters. Following a series of discussions, the Minskoff Theatre was included in exchange for additional floor area. Construction began on October 10, 1968, and the first tenants moved into the building in May 1971, with the building being completed the next year. One Astor Plaza was originally named for its anchor tenant, the W. T. Grant retail chain, which only occupied the space until 1976. Tishman Speyer and the Equitable Life Assurance Society bought One Astor Plaza in 1984. Tishman Speyer sold its ownership stake in 1990, just before Equitable filed a bankruptcy proceeding against the building, which was withdrawn after a lawsuit. Viacom leased space at One Astor Plaza starting in 1990, and its successors gradually came to occupy most of the building. SL Green Realty has owned or co-owned the building in some capacity since 2003. Site One Astor Plaza is at 1515 Broadway, along Times Square, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. While the building carries a Broadway address, it is actually on the west side of Seventh Avenue. The section of Broadway and Seventh Avenue between 43rd and 45th Streets is officially listed on city maps as "Times Square", but the adjoining section of Broadway was converted into a permanent pedestrian plaza in the 2010s. One Astor Plaza's rectangular land lot is bounded by Times Square to the east, 45th Street to the north, Shubert Alley to the west, and 44th Street to the south. The lot spans , with a frontage of on Times Square and on 44th and 45th Streets. Shubert Alley, which covers of the land lot, is a private passageway shared with the Shubert Organization. The intersection of Times Square and 44th Street, directly outside One Astor Plaza, was renamed after Viacom founder Sumner Redstone in 2021. The surrounding area is part of Manhattan's Theater District and contains many Broadway theatres. 1515 Broadway shares the block with seven theaters to the west: the Shubert, Broadhurst, and Majestic on 44th Street and the Booth, Gerald Schoenfeld, Bernard B. Jacobs, and John Golden theaters on 45th Street. The Music Box Theatre, Imperial Theatre, and Richard Rodgers Theatre are across 45th Street to the northwest, and the New York Marriott Marquis hotel is to the north. Across Times Square are 1540 Broadway to the northeast, 1530 Broadway and the Millennium Times Square New York to the east, and 1500 Broadway to the southeast. One Astor Plaza is also close to 1501 Broadway to the south and 229 West 43rd Street, the Hayes Theater, and the St. James Theatre to the southwest. Prior to the development of One Astor Plaza, the site had been owned by the Astor family. The site had contained the eleven-story Hotel Astor, which had been designed by Clinton & Russell in a Beaux-Arts style and opened in 1904 with 1,000 guest rooms. The hotel had contained a red-brick facade, a mansard roof, and a lobby with a 22-foot-high colonnade. According to architecture writer Robert A. M. Stern, the Astor inspired "a new species of popular hotels that soon clustered around Times Square, vast amusement palaces that catered to crowds with scenographic interiors that mirrored the theatricality of the Great White Way." Architecture One Astor Plaza was developed by the Sam Minskoff and Sons company and designed by Kahn and Jacobs, with Der Scutt as the principal architect. In addition, Ben Schlanger was hired as a consultant for the design of two theaters in the building: the Minskoff Theatre, a Broadway house on the third floor, and the Loews Astor Plaza (now the Palladium Times Square), originally a movie house in the basement. The building engineers are Shmerykowsky Consulting Engineers. The building has 54 stories and measures to its pinnacle. According to Emporis, the building is tall to its main roof. Internally, One Astor Plaza is served by 36 elevators. The New York City Department of City Planning cites the building as having a Gross Floor Area of , while The Skyscraper Center gives a floor area of . Underneath the building is a parking lot for 225 cars. Form and facade One Astor Plaza consists of a 54-story office tower above a low base. The tower stories are set back from Broadway. Under normal zoning regulations, the maximum floor area ratio (FAR) for any building on the tower's site was 15, but the developers received two bonuses of 20 percent each, bringing the FAR to 21.6. The developers had to include privately owned public space at the building's base for the first bonus, and they built a new theater for the second bonus. The Minskoff Theatre was among the first theaters built under a 1968 regulation that allowed office buildings to include a legitimate theater in exchange for additional floor area. The bonus applied only to Broadway theaters; the movie theater in the basement did not provide any FAR bonus for the building. The building has two privately operated public spaces: the open-air Shubert Alley, as well as a ground-floor arcade beneath the center of the tower. At the base of the tower, the facade's Broadway elevation contains a glass front. The second-floor studios contain full-height windows facing Times Square. A rooftop restaurant was originally planned for the setback above the Minskoff Theatre on the third floor, but it was never built. During a 2008 renovation by Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), the glass facade of the studios and theater was extended upward by . Two pairs of three-story-high LED signs are installed along the base's northeast and southeast corners. Each pair of signs consists of a primary display facing each intersection, used for advertising, and a smaller display facing Times Square's western sidewalk, used for displaying show information for Minskoff Theatre. The primary displays measure high by wide, while the smaller displays are 48 feet high by wide. The tower's facade is largely made of dark glass. Vertically aligned, stone-clad mechanical ducts are placed on each side, separating the leftmost quarter from the rightmost three-quarters of the facade. These mechanical shafts rise above the roof, terminating in pointed pinnacles at each corner of the roof. The shafts were overlaid by aluminum panels during KPF's 2008 renovation. A stone band also runs at the top of the roof. The use of pinnacles and stonework was a departure from previous International Style buildings with flat roofs. Initially, the top of the building contained signs on all four sides, spelling out the name W. T. Grant, the original anchor tenant. The signs consisted of illuminated letters. They were removed in 1976 when W. T. Grant went bankrupt. Structural features One Astor Plaza's superstructure is made of steel floor spans around a concrete core. The superstructure contains some uncommon features due to the presence of the Minskoff Theatre at the base. In typical skyscrapers, the columns of the superstructure could extend directly to the underlying bedrock, but One Astor Plaza's eastern section was directly above the theater and had to be supported entirely by the theater's roof. The steel was provided by Bethlehem Steel; its supervising engineer Thomas Connolly said One Astor Plaza's superstructure "would have been a snap from an engineering point of view", but the theater's presence made for "a humdinger of an engineering feat". The theater roof consists of a Vierendeel truss that rests on two girders, one weighing and the other weighing . These girders were the heaviest in any building at the time, and they had to be delivered in several pieces from the factory, itself an intricate operation. Interior Palladium Times Square The Loews Astor Plaza movie theater originally occupied the building's public space below street level, accessible from 44th Street. It opened on June 26, 1974, and was the city's largest capacity cinema at 1,440 or 1,500 seats. The single-screen theater was designed with a steeply raked stadium seating layout and was intended to show the first runs of major films. There were 42 rows of seats facing the screen, which was wide. After an unsuccessful attempt to divide the theater into six screens in 1993, the theater closed in July 2004. After a $21 million renovation, the space reopened in 2005 as a music venue under the ownership of Anschutz Entertainment Group. The venue was originally sponsored by Nokia, then by Best Buy in 2010 and PlayStation in 2015. The PlayStation Theater closed on December 31, 2019, and it reopened as the Palladium Times Square event venue in 2020. Ground level and lobby The building's main entrances are at the southeast and northeast corners, facing Times Square. Inside the entrances, escalators lead to the office lobby, which is on the second floor. The lobby contains the artwork Alight Embrace by Chris Cosma, which was installed in 2010. The artwork consists of a section of wall between the two entrances, weighing , and is made up of 1,100 glass panels measuring . At the first floor, there is a covered arcade under the center of the building, connecting 44th and 45th Streets. This passageway is also unofficially known as Minskoff Alley. The space covers . The arcade provides an entrance to the Minskoff Theatre, which is accessed primarily by escalators. From 1982 to 1986, the arcade also contained a museum dedicated to the history of Broadway theatre, including photographs and memorabilia. The ground level also contains retailers. During the 2000s and 2010s, these included a Bank of America branch with three floor-to-ceiling stock ticker signs; a Aeropostale clothing store; an Oakley, Inc. sports accessories store; and a Swatch watch store. Facing Shubert Alley was an Italian restaurant called Cucina and a Junior's restaurant. , Oakley, Kiko Milano, and Swatch were among the retail tenants. Second-floor studios Originally, the second floor was occupied by a branch of the Bankers Trust bank. The branch adjoined the building's main lobby and contained a domed ceiling, as well as design features reminiscent of early-20th-century banks. The bank's office also contained a glass enclosure with an escalator between the lobby and the Minskoff Theatre, as well as a vault. By the 1990s, this level served as offices for Viacom's human-resources department. Viacom repurposed the space as a television studio for MTV Networks, launching operations in 1997. According to MTV president Judy McGrath, the studio had full-height windows on Times Square because "We want to get people to feel what it's like to be in New York, to be part of that incredible playground down there". The MTV broadcasting complex initially consisted of three studios. The largest was the Uptown Studio, which had the full-height windows on Times Square and was used by Total Request Live. Two smaller studios, the Midtown Studio and the Downtown Studio, were used for MTV News and smaller programs. Despite reports that MTV planned to completely vacate its studio space, Viacom renewed its lease for a smaller portion of the space in late 2010. The remaining portion was leased to Aeropostale, which operated in the space from 2010 until 2016. Viacom re-leased the Aeropostale space in 2017 in preparation for its relaunch of TRL. In 2020, after CBS Corporation and Viacom merged again, CBS News used part of the MTV Studios space for its coverage of the 2020 presidential election; the windows were blanked out for security reasons. In September 2021, CBS's new morning show CBS Mornings premiered in a portion of the MTV Studios space (replacing CBS This Morning, which aired from the CBS Broadcast Center), using a modified version of the election set. The studio was christened "Studio 1515" in reference to the building's address. MTV retains a portion of studio space in the southern end of the building (which formerly comprised the Downtown Studio) for its weekly Fresh Out Live program. Comedy Central's The Daily Show with Trevor Noah was temporarily housed in One Astor Plaza from September 2021 to March 2022. Third floor One Astor Plaza's Broadway theater, Minskoff Theatre, was named after the building's developers and is on the building's third floor. Der Scutt designed the Minskoff, with Ben Schlanger as a consulting architect. Jo Mielziner was the consultant for the theater's original operator, Albert Selden. The Minskoff, Gershwin, Circle in the Square, and American Place theaters were all constructed under the Special Theater District amendment of 1967 as a way to give their respective developers additional floor area. The escalators from the building's ground-story arcade lead to the third-floor grand foyer, where additional escalators lead to the auditorium seating. The Minskoff Theatre has 1,621 seats across two levels: a steeply raked orchestra and a smaller mezzanine. The Nederlander Organization operates the theater. Formerly, the third floor also contained the Minskoff Recording Studios, which opened in 1976. Originally, the studios ranged in size from to . Each studio was soundproofed, enabling numerous tenants to use the studios simultaneously. These studios hosted rehearsals for many large Broadway musicals, as they were the only studios in the area that could accommodate large Broadway productions. By the late 1980s, the studio sizes ranged from for studio 7 to for studio 3. Rental rates for the studios varied depending on the studios' sizes, with studio 7 charging $10 an hour and studio 3 charging $5 per hour, although discounted rates were charged for eight-hour and week-long rentals. Despite the studios' popularity, they closed in 1989 due to rising rents. History After World War II, development of theaters around Times Square stalled, and the area began to evolve into a business district. The first proposal to convert the Astor Hotel site to offices had been put forth in 1947, when Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer had unsuccessfully proposed leasing the entire hotel for its own offices. When real estate developers Webb and Knapp leased the hotel in 1954, they pledged to keep the hotel operating. Astor Associates bought the hotel in 1958 and took over operation after Webb and Knapp went bankrupt in 1965. Webb and Knapp's former president William Zeckendorf formed Place de L'Etoile Inc. in December 1965, seeking to buy the Astor Hotel, but this was unsuccessful. The New York Times attributed the hotel's decline to the fact that, because of the growing popularity of automobiles, visitors could stay in a suburb rather than the city's center. Planning Initial plans In January 1966, Sam Minskoff and Sons paid $10.5 million for the Hotel Astor and the eastern section of Shubert Alley, with plans to erect a 40-story office building on the site. At the time, a tax assessment valued the land at $8.4 million. Within a week of the sale being announced, Minskoff & Sons president Henry Minskoff said several companies had expressed interest in leasing large amounts of space in the new skyscraper. The Minskoffs hired Kahn and Jacobs as the architects in May 1966, and the hotel was closed on June 30, 1966, the day before Minskoff & Sons took title to the site. The old hotel's furnishings were sold off in October 1966. The Minskoffs demolished the rear of the hotel first because there was a restaurant at the front of the hotel, whose lease did not expire until 1967. The Hercules Wrecking Corporation began demolishing the hotel in January 1967, anticipating to complete the job within five months. However, the demolition was delayed because of the hotel's structural durability (the hotel had contained walls and heavy-gauge structural steel) and city regulations that required all wood to be removed from the building. The hotel was not completely demolished until February 1968. In January 1967, Kahn and Jacobs announced that Minskoff's tower, One Astor Plaza, would be 50 stories tall with a facade of stone and tinted glass. There would be a plaza along Broadway, as well as plazas along the sides and rear, to comply with the 1961 Zoning Resolution. The Minskoffs requested zoning amendments to allow the construction of an office building, as well as a modification of the site's sky exposure plane to maximize the amount of office space that faced Broadway. At the time, city officials were encouraging the westward expansion of office towers in Manhattan. There were few efforts to preserve existing Broadway theaters, since theatrical experts believed the existing theaters (all built before World War II) were functionally obsolete. Consequently, the plans for One Astor Plaza initially did not include a theater. The Minskoffs' application for zoning amendments would have been a routine matter, but a member of the New York City Planning Commission (CPC) notified the Urban Design Group (UDG) about the application. This brought the attention of New York City mayor John Lindsay, a fan of Broadway theater. Theater efforts The UDG proposed that One Astor Plaza include a theater, a suggestion that the Minskoffs initially opposed. The family brought their concerns to CPC chairman Donald H. Elliott, who supported the theater, then to mayor Lindsay, who not only endorsed the CPC and UDG but convinced the Minskoffs to include a theater in their tower. The Minskoffs then submitted several alternative plans for a tower on the Astor site. The first such plan called for a tower that had twice the site's maximum floor area ratio, with a theater in the back. A second plan called for a tower, which Richard Weinstein of the UDG subsequently recalled as "a mindless, ominous, faceless structure, legal under existing zoning, with two low, clawlike appendages [...] pinching a small plaza between them". Though Weinstein said he initially remembered "feeling very depressed" at the Minskoffs' tower-with-theater plans, Elliott was "elated", saying: "I think you guys have got your theater". When Weinstein expressed his doubts about the building's floor area, Elliott responded: "Oh, that. That just shows they're ready to negotiate." In October 1967, the CPC proposed the Special Theater District Zoning Amendment, which gave zoning bonuses to office-building developers who included theaters. The proposed legislation would directly allow theaters in One Astor Plaza and the Uris Building, which would be the first completely new Broadway theaters since the Mark Hellinger Theatre was completed in 1930. The Minskoffs were allowed to build 47 stories as-of-right, or without any zoning bonuses, but the Minskoffs could add in exchange for building a Broadway theater. The CPC approved the theater amendment that November, and the New York City Board of Estimate gave final approval to the proposal the next month. As planning progressed, members of the Broadway-theatre industry expressed concerns that theatrical experts had not been consulted in the design of One Astor Plaza's theater. The Lehman Brothers became partners in One Astor Plaza in March 1968. At the time, the vacant site was being used for parking, since the Minskoffs were requesting city approval for another modification that would allow a movie theater to be built in the basement. The next month, the CPC scheduled a public hearing to determine whether the Astor and Uris theater permits should be approved, including a second theater in the Uris Building. Six parties testified in favor; the Shubert Organization, the largest operator of Broadway theaters, was the only dissenting speaker. The CPC approved the theater over the Shuberts' objections, as did the Board of Estimate. In the meantime, the vacant lot was used in September 1968 for a benefit for the film Funny Girl, hosted by Barbra Streisand. Albert W. Selden had tentatively agreed to lease the Broadway theater in One Astor Plaza. The building was to contain across 54 floors, including three restaurants and the two theaters. Construction Mayor Lindsay attended the groundbreaking ceremony for One Astor Plaza on October 10, 1968. One Astor Plaza was one of 23 major office projects underway in New York City at the time. During excavation, the contractors bored holes up to deep, then placed dynamite sticks in the holes, covering the openings with blasting mats before detonating the dynamite. As part of an agreement with the Shubert Organization, the blasts did not occur when there were matinee performances at the Shubert Theatre and other nearby theaters. The 1,562-seat movie theater was leased in January 1969 by Walter Reade, who also planned to operate the fourth through ninth floors of offices. Fawcett Publications signed a long-term lease for three floors in One Astor Plaza that February, followed the next month by Quality Bakers of America's lease of two floors. Work on One Astor Plaza temporarily stopped in July 1969 due to a labor strike. The project faced some delays due to the inclusion of the Broadway theater at the building's base, as well as rising costs and decreasing demand for office space. Although Minskoff & Sons president Jerome Minskoff had agreed to the theater as "our way of paying the city back", he said this had increased costs by up to 30 percent, from $55 to $70 million. Furthermore, Selden insisted that a modern technical system be installed in the new theater, which would add $400,000 to the cost. A fire broke out on the upper stories in August 1970, and glass fell from the building during two separate incidents that November, when facade installation was progressing on the lower stories. Several glass panes fell on November 5, and a worker was injured on November 29 when glass panes fell during a heavy wind. The two incidents prompted an investigation, but the city's acting buildings commissioner could not find a clear cause for the falling glass. By 1970, a combined of office space was being developed along Broadway in Midtown, much of which stood vacant due to a slowdown in office leasing. W. T. Grant became the building's largest tenant in December 1970, leasing , including the entire 40th through 53rd floors. In exchange, One Astor Plaza would be formally known as the W. T. Grant Building, and the company's name would be placed in large letters atop the building. Simultaneously, the Minskoffs agreed to pay off the lease on W. T. Grant's existing office space at 1441 Broadway. The next month, the Walter Reade Organization sought to sublet all six floors of its own space. Bankers Trust leased a bank branch on the second story in March 1971. An internal newsletter in October 1971 described the tower as being "80 percent leased"; that rate had increased to 87 percent by the next month. Completion and early years Fawcett Publications was the first tenant at the building, moving into the 12th through 16th floors on May 26, 1971. One Astor Plaza was still incomplete at the time, but Fawcett's lease at its previous location had already expired, forcing the company to move into the building. The building was planned to be formally renamed that November when W. T. Grant moved in, but the company's relocation into the building was then delayed to mid-1972. The movie theater in the basement was supposed to open in December 1971, but the opening was delayed indefinitely because of what Reade said were "construction difficulties beyond our control". Among these issues was Reade's concern that the auditorium needed to be insulated from the adjacent subway tunnels. Shortly after the building was completed, a window-washing scaffold fell from One Astor Plaza's facade in March 1972, killing two workers. The building's parking garage and three retail stores were leased in early 1972. Other tenants included the Bureau of Labor Statistics; Billboard Publications, which leased one floor; and accounting firm Clarence Rainess & Co., which leased one and a half floors. By January 1973, the Minskoff was ready to open, but the basement cinema had not even been furnished yet because of continuing disputes over subway soundproofing. The Minskoff Theatre officially opened on March 13, 1973. Reade ended his lease of the basement movie theater the next month, citing financial difficulties. Further issues concerned the building's valuation, which had been reduced from $45.3 to $40.8 million during 1971–1972; the reduction had been granted because the Minskoffs falsely stated that One Astor Plaza was mostly vacant. The building's name also caused problems, as mail addressed to "1 Astor Pl." could be meant either for the building in Times Square or a car-rental agency on Astor Place several miles south. The Loews movie chain leased the basement movie theater in April 1974, and the Loews Astor Plaza movie theater opened on June 25, 1974. That December, Ted Bates & Co. subleased some of its space to W. R. Grace and Company, Gralla Publications, and Nathan's Famous. One Astor Plaza's anchor tenant W. T. Grant had gone bankrupt by late 1975 and initially planned to downsize to four and a half floors. However, W. T. Grant subsequently decided to leave the building altogether, so the company's signage was removed from One Astor Plaza in March 1976. This created about of vacant space, about a quarter of the whole building. The third floor was also reconstructed in 1976 to accommodate the Minskoff Recording Studios. Research firm Frederick Atkins Inc. leased four floors of the former W. T. Grant space in March 1977. The New York Telephone Company took another four floors in May 1979. By then, most of the building's vacant space had been filled; the other tenants included CBS and the New York State Urban Development Corporation (UDC). Also in 1979, the architectural firm of Battaglia, Seckler completed a three-story complex for the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater within One Astor Plaza. The complex included a reception room, a lounge, changing rooms, and four studios overlooking 45th Street. In addition, the Alvin Ailey dance school operated within a space off the Minskoff Arcade. A theater museum was also being planned for the arcade at the time. One Astor Plaza was fully rented by 1980. Two years later, the Museum of the City of New York opened a museum in the ground-story arcade, dedicated to the history of Broadway theater. Equitable ownership Acquisition and increased rents One Astor Plaza was sold in July 1984 to Tishman Speyer and the Equitable Life Assurance Society. The price was variously cited as $190 million, $200 million, $202 million, or $210 million. The sale included a contract between the Minskoffs and a joint venture of The Related Companies and Shearson/American Express, which in turn sold its contract to Tishman Speyer and Equitable. According to Jerry Speyer of Tishman Speyer, he had decided to buy the building after coming across Related president Stephen M. Ross during a morning jog. At the time, the real estate market in New York City was growing, and Equitable had projected that the building would generate $40 million in gross income by 1991. In 1985, Tishman Speyer formed a limited partnership, 1515 Broadway Associates LP, to assume ownership of the building; the partnership's only asset was One Astor Plaza. The 25 limited partners, who gave a combined $77 million, were primarily executives at Bear Stearns. In exchange for a 30 percent stake in the building, Equitable agreed to be the general partner and guarantee 10 percent of the building's mortgage loan. One Astor Plaza needed to be renovated to comply with modern building codes, including the addition of fire sprinklers and the removal of asbestos. The average rent for offices at One Astor Plaza was , far below the market rate, but Tishman Speyer and Equitable had planned to upgrade the building and raise rents. Consequently, the Minskoff Recording Studios were nearly evicted in October 1984, but the studio's operators negotiated a concession in which the studio would pay . The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre was also nearly forced out because of the increasing rents. The theater museum in the ground-story arcade was closed in 1986 due to low attendance. Despite the success of the third-floor Minskoff Studios, they were in danger of eviction by 1988, and they ultimately closed the next year. The building's rising rents also displaced the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1986 and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in 1989. Bankruptcy and improvements Tishman Speyer then renovated the lobby and elevators in 1989. The same year, Viacom International Inc. negotiated to lease several stories in One Astor Plaza for 20 years. The company planned to occupy initially, with an option to expand by another . Though the building's owners hoped to gain additional large tenants, they did not sign another lease for 14 months after the Viacom lease. Furthermore, several existing tenants including Diamandis Communications and Ted Bates Worldwide were moving out, leaving the owners without enough income to make further improvements to the building. Nonetheless, Viacom moved into One Astor Plaza in 1990 and was one of several companies to take up large amounts of space in Times Square. 1515 Broadway Associates LP filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in October 1990, shortly after Tishman Speyer gave up its general-partnership interest. The main reason for the Chapter 11 filing was so Equitable could renegotiate the 13.6 percent interest rate on the building's mortgage. An Equitable official said at the time that the partnership had lost $30 million a year for the past several years, and the rental income could not cover the mortgage payments. As a result of the Chapter 11 proceeding, ownership of One Astor Plaza reverted to Manufacturers Hanover Trust, one of several banks that had collectively lent $300 million to the partnership. Shortly afterward, Manufacturers Hanover sued Equitable for $600 million, claiming that Equitable had backtracked on an agreement to cover the partners' cash deficit. Manufacturers Hanover also claimed that Tishman Speyer's chief executive, Gerald Speyer, had opposed a bankruptcy proceeding. At a court hearing in March 1991, an Equitable official testified that he had misled the limited partners so they did not know about Equitable's intention to file for bankruptcy protection until it had already happened. Shortly after the court hearing, Manufacturers Hanover and Equitable agreed to a tentative settlement in which Equitable would extend a $95 million line of credit to the limited partners. In exchange, Manufacturers Hanover's lawsuit and Equitable's Chapter 11 filing would be withdrawn. The bankruptcy filing was thus dropped in December 1991. Throughout these legal disputes, Equitable continued to maintain the building's services and attempted to not only retain existing occupants but also attract new tenants by providing favorable concessions. For example, a new advertising tenant received a non-disturbance agreement and a low rental rate, and an existing merchandising tenant expanded its space in the building at a lower rental rate. Additionally, Equitable covered the brokers' fees and tenant-improvement charges for new tenants for several years. Equitable's success in leasing One Astor Plaza was also influenced by the lack of tenants at two newer developments nearby, 1540 and 1585 Broadway, during the early 1990s. Viacom takeover After an acquisition of Paramount Communications by Viacom was proposed in 1993, deputy mayor Barry F. Sullivan said the move had "exciting potential for Times Square" because the company might move into One Astor Plaza. Following Viacom's acquisition, Paramount relocated from 15 Columbus Circle to One Astor Plaza, and the expanded Viacom took up 25 floors, housing subsidiaries such as Nickelodeon and MTV in the building. Viacom thus became the tower's largest tenant, occupying , with options to take other floors as existing tenants' leases expired. Equitable had been able to remove the asbestos and rent nearly all the space at rates of around . Viacom received a tax incentive of $15 million to retain its offices at One Astor Plaza and three other buildings. The state UDC, which had occupied nine floors, left the building in the following years as Viacom continued to expand. In September 1997, MTV opened studios at One Astor Plaza's second floor after an $8 million renovation. By then, Viacom was one of several major media companies on Times Square, and ABC and CBS were also contemplating studios on Times Square. CBS and Viacom announced in 1999 that they would merge, and Viacom renewed its lease at One Astor Plaza, though the company planned to sell CBS's nearby headquarters, the CBS Building. By early 2001, Viacom had planned to buy One Astor Plaza in conjunction with its sale of the CBS Building. That August, Equitable hired Goldman Sachs to market One Astor Plaza; Equitable had rejected an offer to swap One Astor Plaza for the CBS Building directly because the latter building was worth much less. The transaction was ultimately canceled in November 2001. This was attributed in part to Viacom's demand that any buyer first acquire One Astor Plaza and then swap that for the CBS Building and cash; such a transaction would enable Viacom to avoid paying estate transfer taxes on the transaction. SL Green ownership 2000s In March 2002, a joint venture led by SL Green Realty acquired One Astor Plaza for approximately $480 million, the city's largest real-estate transaction since the September 11 attacks. SL Green had a 55 percent ownership stake while its partner SITQ Immobilier (a subsidiary of Canadian pension fund CDPQ), had the remaining 45 percent. SL Green was required to have terrorism insurance on the building, and the sale demonstrated that large buildings such as One Astor Plaza could obtain such insurance. SL Green chairman Stephen L. Green considered One Astor Plaza a "core building" to his portfolio but, according to Crain's New York magazine, those in the real estate industry believed that Green had overvalued the building. Alliance Building Service, operated by Green's son Gary, was hired to provide cleaning and security services for the building. After acquiring the building, SL Green sought to replace five storefronts on Broadway with one large retailer. SL Green also bought out the lease of the Loews Astor Plaza movie theater and closed it in 2004; reopening it the next year as an event venue operated by AEG Live. CBS and Viacom ultimately split in 2005. By 2008, the downsized Viacom was still the largest office tenant of One Astor Plaza, occupying ; the building only had available for lease. Viacom's leases were scheduled to expire within two years, and the company was moving some divisions elsewhere, including Comedy Central. Viacom renewed its lease in December 2008, extending it by five years. The same year, SL Green also hired KPF to renovate the lobby and facade to make the building compliant with LEED Silver green building standards. The work was completed in 2009 for $40 million. Though other tenants continued to occupy the building, including law firms, Times Square was no longer appealing to small tenants by then because of the high rents. 2010s to present In May 2010, a terrorist car bombing attempt occurred outside the building, although the bomb was defused before it could be detonated. SL Green refinanced 1515 Broadway for $475 million in 2010, and CDPQ sold its stake in the tower to SL Green the next year. In April 2012, Viacom signed a lease to take over all at 1515 Broadway through 2031, taking the remaining space as other tenants' leases expired. This was the fourth-largest lease in New York City history and the largest that was not a sale and lease back by a building's previous owner. In conjunction with this lease, the Bank of China gave SL Green a $775 million, seven-year first mortgage for the building. At the time, Viacom provided the bulk of the building's rental income, paying $78 million a year. SL Green also agreed to upgrade 1515 Broadway for Viacom and installed three-story-tall advertising screens on the Times Square facade in 2013; the building was refinanced that year for $900 million. SL Green was looking to sell a minority stake in the building by 2017, and the China Investment Corporation reportedly expressed interest. That November, Allianz bought a 43 percent ownership stake and some of the debt in a deal that valued 1515 Broadway at $1.95 billion. At the time, Viacom occupied 85 percent of the building. SL Green used the proceeds from the ownership stake's sale to buy back some of its stock. After Viacom merged back into CBS Corporation in 2019, ViacomCBS (later Paramount Global) retained offices at One Astor Plaza. CBS News converted part of the MTV Studios space into a studio. New York state officials announced in April 2022 that they would issue three casino licenses in Downstate New York. Following this announcement, SL Green proposed constructing a casino at 1515 Broadway to attract tourists. In October 2022, SL Green and casino operator Caesars Entertainment jointly submitted a formal proposal for a casino in the building. The bid was also sponsored by Roc Nation and mayor Eric Adams's former chief of staff Frank Carone. The proposal was controversial; Broadway theatrical trade association The Broadway League expressed opposition to the casino, while trade union Actors' Equity Association supported the plan. Reception One Astor Plaza's construction had spurred developers to acquire several buildings around Times Square. When One Astor Plaza was completed, city officials had expressed hope that the building would precipitate the transformation of Times Square into an entertainment hub. This did not happen immediately, leading architectural writer Robert A. M. Stern to write that "Times Square somehow seemed all the more tawdry for its overscaled, underembellished corporate guest", One Astor Plaza. In 1985, New York Times architectural critic Paul Goldberger wrote that the under-construction Marriott Marquis hotel, One Astor Plaza, Paramount Plaza, and four planned towers at Times Square's south end were "actively destroy[ing] something that is turning out to be far more fragile than we had once believed—that rough-and-tumble honky-tonk that is the physical essence of Times Square". After Caesars Entertainment's casino bid was announced, Karrie Jacobs of Curbed wrote in 2023: "It's fitting that 1515 Broadway, designed by architect Der Scutt (who later designed Trump Tower), was the leading edge of a '60s push to reinvent Times Square." At an exhibition of New York City buildings in 1999, New York Times critic Herbert Muschamp said: "No one needs additional reason to dislike 1515 Broadway, the fin-topped office building between 44th and 45th Streets that replaced the legendary Astor Hotel." According to C. Ray Smith, the asymmetrical shafts of the facade were characteristic of "the new design" character of the 1970s, contrasting with previous symmetrical designs. Jo Mielziner said the large trusses above the Minskoff's roof provided "a clear example of what expense a builder is willing to go to get that extra rentable space". See also List of tallest buildings in New York City List of tallest buildings in the United States References Notes Citations Sources External links 1972 establishments in New York City Broadway (Manhattan) Mass media company headquarters in the United States Office buildings completed in 1972 Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan Times Square buildings Paramount Global	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Astor%20Plaza
Barbed Wire Sandwich is a heavy blues rock studio album by British band Black Cat Bones, released on 13 February 1970 by Decca on its Nova label. It is the only record by the band. Songs "Chauffeur" is a blues rock adaptation of a song that the album credits to Andy Stroud, Nina Simone's husband and manager. Stroud had adapted Big Mama Thornton's version of Memphis Minnie's "Me and My Chauffeur Blues" of 1941 for Simone to record on her Let It All Out album of 1966. Reviewer Ben Bevan considered Black Cat Bones' recording a stand-out track, and Steve Leggett thought it one of two tracks that got into "interesting territory". "Death Valley Blues" is another blues rock cover of a song first released in 1941, this one written by Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup. It is "a powerful cover", featuring "stellar guitar work" by lead guitarist Rod Price, according to the book Blues-rock Explosion. "Feelin' Good" was written by English composers Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse in 1964 for a musical and was covered by Nina Simone on her I Put a Spell on You album of 1965. The song starts with Brian Short singing a cappella, followed by piano playing by Steve Milliner, and switching between acoustic and electric guitars. Bill Hart called it "an interesting mix of show biz blues meets hard rock" and Blues-rock Explosion rated it one of the best tracks. "Please Tell Me Baby" covers a song by Peppermint Harris, real name Harrison D. Nelson, Jr., whose name was miswritten on the record as "Harrison, Nelson". This is more a rock and roll number, with Robin Sylvester, the recording engineer and also a musician, contributing piano playing that accentuates its almost doo-wop swing. Steve Leggett rates this the best track. "Coming Back", with writing credited to lead guitarist Price and the band's former vocalist Paul Tiller, continues in the rock and roll or boogie rock vein. "Save My Love", credited to the whole band, is "swaggering hard rock blues". Reviewer Thierry Aznar considers it one of the best songs on the album. "Four Women" is a song written by Nina Simone and released on her Wild Is the Wind album of 1966. This acoustic track is out of character with the style of the rest of the album, but Blues-rock Explosion considered it one of the best tracks. "Sylvester's Blues", an original song written by Price, starts as an acoustic country blues before becoming a fast boogie. "Good Lookin' Woman" is a blues rock number, also an original by Price, and the only track on which he does the singing instead of Short. Bevan considered this a second stand-out track. Reception The British blues boom was fading by 1970 and the album did not attract great popular interest, with few copies selling. However, it was well received critically. Disc and Music Echo said the band played "with conviction and feeling". Steve Leggett was moderate in praise, calling it "well executed", "straightforward and professional" British blues. The original vinyl record is now rare and highly sought after by collectors of rock and heavy blues music of the late 1960s and 1970s. Track listing "Chauffeur" – 5:15 (Andy Stroud) "Death Valley Blues" – 3:52 (Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup) "Feelin' Good" – 4:58 (Anthony Newley, Leslie Bricusse) "Please Tell Me Baby" – 3:10 (Harrison D. Nelson, Jr.) "Coming Back" – 2:32 (Rod Price, Paul Tiller) "Save My Love" – 4:50 (Black Cat Bones) "Four Women" – 5:09 (Nina Simone) "Sylvester's Blues" – 3:45 (Price) "Good Lookin' Woman" – 7:16 (Price) Musicians Black Cat Bones Brian Short – lead vocals (1–8) Rod Price – lead guitar, lead vocals (9) Derek Brooks – rhythm guitar Stu Brooks – bass guitar Phil Lenoir – drums Additional musicians Steve Milliner – piano (3) Robin Sylvester – piano (4) Production Robin Sylvester – engineer at Tangerine Studios Peter Rynston – engineer at Decca Studios Dave Grinstead – engineer at Decca Studios References 1970 debut albums Black Cat Bones albums Blues rock albums by English artists Decca Records albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbed%20Wire%20Sandwich
Tiata Fahodzi (ti∙a∙ta fa∙hoon∙zi) – meaning "theatre of the emancipated" – is a British African theatre company founded in 1997 by Femi Elufowoju Jr. It receives funding as a National Portfolio Organisation of the Arts Council England. Previous artistic directors include Femi Elufowoju Jr (1997–2010) and Lucian Msamati (2010–2014). Natalie Ibu became the company's third artistic director in 2014. In March 2021, Chinonyerem Odimba became the current artistic director as the company prepared for its 25th anniversary in 2022. Emerging artists Fahodzi is noted for showcasing new British African talent with many artists gaining their first professional experiences with the company before achieving success at the national and international level. These artists include Bola Agbaje, who is now a Laurence Olivier Award winning playwright and Adetomiwa Edun, now internationally known as an actor, most notably as Sir Elyan in the TV show Merlin. Residency In 2015 Tiata Fahodzi became a resident company at Watford Palace Theatre, gaining an operational base for the first time in its history. References Hutchinson, Shaun Ajamu (17 November 2010). "REVIEW: BLUE/ORANGE". The New Black Magazine. Retrieved 27 February 2015. External links The archive of Tiata Fahodzi is held by the Victoria and Albert Museum Theatre and Performance Department. Theatre companies in the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiata%20Fahodzi
Simply Slang is an American hard rock quartet, founded in 2002, and based in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Originally known as Deadline, the band later changed its name upon discovering another band using the same name. In 2004, Simply Slang issued its eponymous debut, Simply Slang, through Platinum Realm Entertainment. Within a short time of its release, Simply Slang began to receive international attention, due in part by the band offering free downloads of its songs through the internet. This strategy proved effective, as two songs released from the debut, "Live 4 The Weekend" and "Angeline", became top downloads on music websites around the world. In March 2005, Simply Slang reached No. 1 on the Heavy Rock Artist chart on MP3.com.au, Australia's most popular music provider. Several weeks later (on the same website) Simply Slang hit No. 1 on the Heavy Rock Album chart. Despite the accomplishments, the band's lack of financial success started to take a toll. The hectic tour schedules, along with artistic conflicts, substance abuse issues, and financial woes, grew too much for some members to bear. Starting with guitarist Jeff Novak, the musicians departed one by one. By August 2005, frontman Aaron Morales was the band's sole remaining original member. In the weeks to follow, Simply Slang would go through several lineup changes before entering the studio in late 2005, to begin work on their second opus, Bad Attitude. Released on June 23, 2006, Bad Attitude featured the new lineup, along with a fresh, new, aggressive style. With material ranging from punky rock anthems, to blues-metal sleaze, Bad Attitude allowed the members of Simply Slang to forge a new chapter in the band's existence. Simply Slang maintains a cult following among hard rock and sleaze/glam metal fans in the United Kingdom, Australia, Scandinavia, Latin America, Spain, and Italy. Despite the band's achievements internationally, Simply Slang did not achieve notable success in the United States. In 2007, Aaron Morales dissolved the band to pursue his solo career, contributing to Hollywood's Demon Doll Records compilation album, Glamnation Vol. 2, and later releasing an EP called "Independence!" in 2010. Former members Patrick Mulcahy and Jon Schang are currently in progressive rock band District 97, with American Idol Season 6 semi-finalist Leslie Hunt. Members Aaron Morales - Guitar, Vocals (2002–2007) Matt Overbee - Guitar (2005–2007) Pat Mulcahy - Bass (2006–2007) Jon Schang - Drums (2005–2007) Discography Simply Slang (2004) Bad Attitude (2006) External links Official Website Official MySpace Page Heavy Harmonies page 2002 establishments in Illinois 2007 disestablishments in Illinois Glam metal musical groups from Illinois Hard rock musical groups from Illinois Musical groups established in 2002 Musical groups disestablished in 2007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply%20Slang
This is a list of Plaid Cymru MPs. It includes all members of Parliament elected to the British House of Commons representing Plaid Cymru. Members of the Senedd or the European Parliament are not listed. Dates are taken from a House of Commons Library Briefing. Following a rule change that came into force at the 2005 general election MPs who were defeated (eg Simon Thomas) are shown as serving up to and including the day of the election at which they were defeated. MPs who voluntarily stood down (eg Elfyn Llwyd) are shown as serving up until the day of dissolution of their final Parliament. Tabular representation See also List of Plaid Cymru MSs References Current Plaid Cymru MPs () Specific Plaid Cymru Plaid Cymru	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Plaid%20Cymru%20MPs
Andriessen is a Dutch patronymic surname meaning son of Andries cognate to the surnames Andrews and Anderson. People named Andriessen or Andriesse include: Andriessen Adrie Andriessen (1960–2021), Dutch footballer Anthonie Andriessen (1746–1813), Dutch painter Christiaan Andriessen (1775–1846), Dutch draftsman, son of Jurriaan Andriessen (artist) Frans Andriessen (1929–2019), Dutch politician Hendrick Andriessen (1607–1655), Flemish painter Hendrik Andriessen (1892–1981), Dutch composer, brother of Willem and Mari Jurriaan Andriessen (artist) (1742–1819), Dutch decorative painter Jurriaan Andriessen (composer) (1925–1996), Dutch composer, son of Hendrik Andriessen Koos Andriessen (1928–2019), Dutch politician Louis Andriessen (1939–2021), Dutch composer, son of Hendrik Andriessen Mari Andriessen (1897–1977), Dutch sculptor, brother of Willem and Hendrik Willem Andriessen (1887–1964), Dutch pianist and composer, brother of Hendrik and Mari Purely patronymic Albert Andriessen Bradt (1607–1687), Norwegian-born settler from Amsterdam in New Amsterdam Andriesse Cornelis Dirk Andriesse (born 1939), Dutch physicist Emmy Andriesse (1914–1953), Dutch photographer See also Andreessen (disambiguation) Andreassen Andreasson Andresen Andersen Anderiesen References Dutch-language surnames Patronymic surnames Surnames from given names	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriessen
Remember That I Love You is Kimya Dawson's fifth solo album, released by K Records May 9, 2006. Songs include tour favorites such as "Loose Lips", "12/26", and "I Like Giants". The album art was done by Jeffrey Lewis. In 2007, the songs "Tire Swing,", "Loose Lips," and "My Rollercoaster" were featured in the film Juno. Track listing All tracks were written by Kimya Dawson, except where noted. "Tire Swing" "My Mom" "Loose Lips" "Caving In" "Better Weather" "Underground" "I Like Giants" "The Competition" "France" (Kimya Dawson, David-Ivar Herman Düne) "I Miss You" "12/26" "My Rollercoaster" Personnel Kimya Dawson – guitar, vocals, whistling, flute, maracas, castanets, frog, organ Paul Baribeau – vocals, keyboard Craig Peters - keyboard, vocals Matt Tobey – bells, vocals, ukulele Scott Yoder - electric guitar, vocals Jake Kelly - vocals, violin, mandolin Donna Dear - vocals, watermelon Saint Abbey - vocals Erin Tobey - bells, vocals M.J. Geier - vocals References 2006 albums Kimya Dawson albums K Records albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remember%20That%20I%20Love%20You
Anton Balasingham Stanislaus (; 4 March 1938 – 14 December 2006) was a Sri Lankan Tamil journalist, rebel and chief political strategist and chief negotiator for the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, a separatist Tamil militant organisation in Sri Lanka. Early life and family Balasingham was born on 4 March 1938. His father was an electrical foreman from Mandur in eastern Ceylon and his mother was a midwife from Jaffna in northern Ceylon who met whilst they were both working at Batticaloa Hospital. Balasingham's paternal grandfather was a Hindu priest. Balasingham's parents separated and following his father's death, Balasingham along-with his mother and sister moved to Karaveddy. The family lived in a rented house and his mother worked as a midwife at the Ambam clinic. Balasingham was educated at Sacred Heart College, Karaveddy and Nelliady Central College. Balasingham was raised a Roman Catholic, the religion of his mother, but as he grew up he became a rationalist and agnostic. He was also attracted to leftist politics which had strong support in the Karaveddy area. He was an acquaintance of S. Sivagnanasundaram, editor of the Sirithiran magazine and cartoonist (using the pseudonym Sundar) of the Savari Thambar cartoon strip. He was married to Australian born Adele Ann Wilby. Career Colombo With Sivagnanasundaram's help, Balasingham became a sub-editor of the Colombo based Virakesari newspaper in the 1960s. He was in charge of foreign news which entailed translating Reuters and other articles into Tamil. Balasingham lived at a chummery (hostel) in Grandpass, close to the Virakesari'''s offices, and spent much of his free time reading. He became interested in philosophy and psychology and occasionally practised hypnotism. Balasingham then got a job as a translator at the British High Commission in Colombo. He fell in love with Pearl Rasaratnam, a Tamil Methodist woman and daughter of a former principal of Hartley College, who was working at the British Council next to the High Commission. The couple married on 16 July 1968 at Kollupitiya Methodist Church. Pearl was a sick woman and so the couple decided to move to the UK for treatment. With the help of the British High Commission the couple left Sri Lanka on 3 August 1971. London Balasingham and Pearl lived in a small flat in Camberwell, London. Balasingham enrolled at the Institute of Psychotherapy and worked at the Inner London Executive Council. Pearl's condition deteriorated and was diagnosed with pyelonephritis, chronic kidney failure which required haemodialysis. Balasingham had to work, study and care for his sick wife. He was also diagnosed with diabetes. The couple later moved into a council house in the Blenheim Gardens Estate in Brixton, London. Pearl died in November 1976. Her cremated remains were taken back to Sri Lanka and interred at Kanatte Cemetery following a memorial service at Kollupitiya Methodist Church. Balasingham returned to the UK. During his wife's illness Balasingham became acquainted with Adele Ann Wilby, an Australian nurse working in the UK. Balasingham and Wilby were married at Brixton registrar office on 1 September 1978. Balasingham obtained a M.A. degree from the South Bank Polytechnic after completing a dissertation on Marxism. He started a PhD course under John Taylor but didn't complete his studies. Balasingham's interest in left-wing politics continued in London, getting involved in Marxism and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. He became involved in the Tamil militant cause which was active amongst Tamil students in London and was associated with the Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students. He was acquainted with leading militants such as E. Ratnasabapathy and K. Pathmanabha. He was recruited into the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by its London representative N. S. Krishnan. Balasingham wrote leaflets and pamphlets in English and Tamil and carried out translation for the LTTE. LTTE Balasingham and Wilby travelled to Tamil Nadu, India frequently where they met LTTE leaders such as V. Prabhakaran and Uma Maheswaran. When Prabhakaran and Maheswaran split, Balasingham tried to reconcile the two but after having failed, sided with Prabhakaran. Balasingham grew close to LTTE leader Prabhakaran and, following the Black July anti-Tamil riots in 1983, he and his wife moved to Madras, Tamil Nadu. Balasingham became the LTTE's theoretician and chief spokesman. Though Balasingham didn't take part in the 1985 Thimpu talks he was in constant contact with the LTTE delegation (Lawrence Thilagar and Anton Sivakumar) and gave them instructions. Following the failure of the peace talks the Indian government expelled Balasingham who returned to London. Pressure from Tamil Nadu politicians resulted in the Indian government allowing Balasingham to return to Tamil Nadu. Sri Lankan intelligence tried to assassinate Balasingham by planting a bomb in his house. Kandasamy Naidu, a former Sri Lankan police officer and politician, was arrested in connection with the attempted assassination. Balasingham accompanied Prabhakaran to important meetings, such as that with Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in Bangalore in 1986, to act as translator and political adviser. When Prabhakaran returned to Jaffna in 1987 Balasingham remained in Madras to oversee political work but later he and Wilby also moved to Jaffna. When war erupted between the LTTE and Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in late 1987 Balasingham and Wilby became targets for the Indian Army. The couple went on the run and managed to evade capture by moving from house to house. They eventually returned to London via India. Balasingham returned to Sri Lanka in 1990 to lead the LTTE delegation in the peace talks in Colombo. Following the collapse of the peace talks Balasingham and Wilby moved to Jaffna which had been taken over by the LTTE following the withdrawal of the IPKF. As well as political matters Balasingham was in charge of the media in Jaffna. Balasingham wrote numerous articles including those under the pseudonym "Brahma Gnani" in the Velicham. Balasingham did not take any direct part during the 1994/95 peace talks in Chundikuli but instead monitored the talks from another room and exchanged notes with S. P. Thamilselvan who led the LTTE delegation. When the Sri Lankan military recaptured in the Jaffna peninsula in 1995/96 the LTTE withdrew to the Vanni and Balasingham and Wilby relocated to Thiruvaiyaru near Kilinochchi. Later they moved to Puthukkudiyiruppu. By now Balasingham's health was deteriorating due to renal complications. The LTTE sought Sri Lankan government permission on humanitarian grounds to allow Balasingham to fly abroad via Colombo for medical treatment. The LTTE released a large number of Sri Lankan prisoners of war as a goodwill gesture. Initially President Chandrika Kumaratunga was favourable to granting permission but, after consulting with Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar, made a series of demands in return for granting permission. The Sri Lankan government was exploiting Balasingham's health to extract major military concessions from the LTTE. Balasingham asked Prabhakaran to reject the demands, saying he was "prepared to die with honour and self-respect rather than accede to these humiliating demands". The LTTE came up with another way of sending Balasingham abroad and on 23 January 1999 he was taken by sea to Phuket in Thailand. Balasingham was taken to hospital in Bangkok where it was discovered that he had an enlarged kidney which needed to be removed. Balasingham was taken to Singapore and onto London. He was allowed to go to Oslo, Norway where he received a transplanted kidney donated by Donald, a young Sri Lankan Tamil. After recovering Balasingham resumed his pursuit of peace. He led the LTTE's discussions with the Norwegian government which resulted in the ceasefire which came into force on 23 February 2002. Balasingham returned to Sri Lanka on 25 March 2002, arriving by seaplane at Iranaimadu Tank via Maldives. He was at Prabhakaran's side when the LTTE leader met various Sri Lankan politicians. Balasingham's health meant he couldn't stay in the Vanni long but nevertheless he led the LTTE delegation at Norwegian mediated peace talks with the Sri Lankan government in Thailand, Norway, Germany, Japan and Switzerland. The peace talks failed and as the situation in Sri Lanka deteriorated so did Balasingham's health. He was diagnosed with bile duct cancer and given 6–8 weeks to live. The cancer spread to his liver, lungs, abdomen and bones. Speaking of his illness, Balasingham told the TamilNet website "when compared to the vast ocean of the collective tragedy faced by my people, my illness is merely a pebble". Balasingham died on 14 December 2006 at his home in South London. On that day the LTTE conferred the title Thesathin Kural (Voice of the Nation) on Balasingham. Balasingham's funeral was held on 20 December 2006 at Alexandra Palace, London with a parallel service in the Vanni region. Further reading Notes References External links One Hundred Tamils of the 20th Century, Tamil Nation Talking Heads: Anton Balasingham (Aired: July 2006). NDTV.'' 1938 births 2006 deaths Alumni of London South Bank University Deaths from cancer in England English people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent Former Roman Catholics Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam members People from Eastern Province, Sri Lanka People from British Ceylon Sri Lankan agnostics Sri Lankan Tamil journalists Sri Lankan Tamil rebels Indian Peace Keeping Force Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%20Balasingham
Christian CND (CCND) is a 'Specialist Section' of CND, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and has existed since 1960. CCND is made up of individual Christians of various denominations who oppose nuclear weapons and who campaign for peace. The organisation has an elected executive of ten members, has an office in London and publishes a journal called 'Ploughshare' four times a year. Its symbol combines the original CND sign (commonly referred to as the 'Peace' sign) with images of a cross and a dove holding an olive branch. Christian CND is a member of the Network of Christian Peace Organisations. NOTE. College CND also used the abbreviation CCND. History Founded in 1960, chaired by Sidney Hinkes from 1964. In 1981 it was expanded and reorganised on a more permanent basis with its own membership, newsletter and administration, and considerable autonomy in forming its own policies. It organised many conferences at local and national level as well as acts of protest, liturgies and services at bases and government sites. Its members were also involved in letter writing, lobbying and educating for peace and disarmament. There were also several Christian CND local groups around the UK. References External links Christian CND website Catalogue of the CCND archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament Anti-nuclear organizations Christian organisations based in the United Kingdom Organizations established in 1960 1960 in politics Christian political organizations 1960 in British politics 1960 in Christianity	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20CND
The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence in Damaso (Basilica Minore di San Lorenzo in Damaso) or simply San Lorenzo in Damaso is a parish and titular church in central Rome, Italy that is dedicated to St. Lawrence, deacon and martyr. It is incorporated into the Palazzo della Cancelleria, which enjoys the extraterritoriality of the Holy See. History Archaeological evidence suggests the site, like those of many churches in Rome, may have formerly housed a pagan temple. The first documentary evidence of a church at this site is the reference in the synod of Pope Symmachus of AD 499 of a Titulus Damasi. According to tradition, in the AD 380s a basilica church was erected by Pope Damasus I in his own residence. This church is one of many in Rome dedicated to St. Lawrence, including the more ancient and then extra-urban , that was rebuilt by the same Pope Damasus I. The original basilica of San Lorenzo in Damaso was demolished by Cardinal Raffaele Riario, a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV who commissioned the imposing Renaissance-style Palazzo della Cancelleria (1489–1513). The palace was built of spolia and stone from nearby ancient Roman buildings, including the Colosseum, and enveloped the new basilica of San Lorenzo in Damaso under the right wing; the entrance is located at Number 1, Piazza della Cancelleria, on the right flank of the façade. The architect of the basilica, like that of the Palace of the Chancellery, is unknown. The design of the Palace has been attributed to Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Baccio Pontelli, while Filippo Titi suggests Donato Bramante and other authors have cited Giuliano da Sangallo and Andrea Bregno. Titi also independently attributed reconstruction of the basilica to Bramante. The last restoration was necessary after a fire damaged the basilica in 1944. The inscriptions in the basilica are valuable illustrations of the history of the Roman Catholic Church, and were collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella. The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Laurentii in Damaso is Antonio Rouco Varela, former Archbishop of Madrid, Spain. Interior The interior decoration was begun by commissions of the resident of the Palace, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, in the late 16th century. Cavaliere d'Arpino painted the walls of the right counter-façade. The main altar hosts the painting of Saints and Coronation of St. Mary by Federico Zuccari. Below the altar are the relics of Pope Eutychian and Pope Damasus I. To the left of the altar is a copy of a statue of St. Hippolytus of Rome; the original is a restored antique statue in the Vatican Library. Tradition holds that St. Lawrence instigated the conversion of St. Hippolytus to the Catholic Faith. This copy was commissioned for the basilica by Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni. Vignola designed the portal. Immediately to the right of the entrance is the memorial to Alessandro Valtrini, a minister of Pope Urban VIII, that Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed in 1639. The second vestibule has statues of St. Francis Xavier and St. Charles Borromeo by Stefano Maderno. Chapels To the right of the entrance is a chapel designed by Nicola Salvi and commissioned by Cardinal Tommaso Ruffo in the late 18th century. The ceiling is frescoed with Glory of San Nicola by Corrado Giaquinto, and the altarpiece of Virgin with Sts. Philip Neri and Nicolò was painted by Sebastiano Conca. To the left of the entrance is the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, which was commissioned by Cardinal Ottoboni and frescoed by Andrea Casali. The altarpiece is the Last Supper by Vincenzo Berrettini. Inside the basilica, the first chapel to the right of the nave has a 19th-century monument to Prince Camillo Massimi and his wife, by Filippo Gnaccarini and Pietro Tenerani, respectively. The second chapel to the right has the tomb of Pellegrino Rossi, the last minister of the Papal States under Bl. Pope Pius IX, by Pietro Tenerani. His murder in 1848 in the adjacent Palace was one of the events that led to the ensconcement of the Pope in the Vatican City and the annexation of the Papal States to the Kingdom of Italy. The first chapel to the left has the tomb and funerary monument of Cardinal Ludovico Trevisan, Patriarch of Aquileia, with a recumbent statue by Paolo Romano. The second chapel to the left contains the tomb of Fra Annibal Caro (1566) by Giovanni Antonio Dosio. A chapel near the sacristy has an altarpiece depicting the Madonna delle Gioie by Nicolò Circignani, denominated "il Pomarancio", and two silver statues of St. Lawrence and St. Damaso by Ciro Ferri. A further chapel is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of the Agonizing Jesus, and contains a portrait of Pope Leo XIII proclaiming the statutes of the Pious Union of the Sacred Heart of Jesus by the chapel's 19th century architect Vincenzo De Rossi Re. The founding of this fraternity was celebrated in the basilica in 1883. The Chapel of the Santissima Concezione was completed and frescoed (1635-8) by a young Pietro da Cortona. Other works include the monument of Cardinal Trevisan (1505). List of Cardinal Protectors Joannes (attested 1044) Leo (c. 1059–c. 1084) Risus (c. 1105–c. 1116) Deusdedit (1116–c. 1129) Angelo 1133-1138 Yves 1138-1143 Guido Moricotti 1143-1150 Nikolaus 1150-1151 Giovanni Paparoni 1151-1158 Pietro di Miso 1165-1182 Pedro de Cardona 1182-1183 Uberto Allucingoli 1183-1185 Uberti Crivelli (Pope Urban III) 1185-1187 Pietro 1188-1190 Pierre Duacensis 1212-1216 Pietro Campano 1216-1217 Matteo D'Acquasparta 1288-1291 Francesco Ronci 1291-1294 Nicolas L'Aide 1294-1299 Arnaud Nouvel, O. Cist. 25 July 1317 - 17 August 1317 20 September 1342 - 21 October 1363 Pierre de Banac 22 September 1368 - 7 October 1369 Pietro Corsini 7 June 1370 - 1374 Bartolomeo da Cogorno 21 December 1381 - 25 December 1381 Angelo Acciaioli 20 November 1385 - 29 August 1397 Giordano Orsini 25 March 1400 - June 1412; June 1412 - 29 May 1438 Ludovico Scarampi-Mezzarota Trevisano 1 July 1440 - 7 January 1465 Raffaele Sansone Riario della Rovere 5 May 1480 - 29 November 1503; 29 November 1503 - 22 June 1517 Giulio de Medici (Pope Clement VII) 6 June 1517 - 19 November 1523 Pompeo Colonna 11 January 1524 - 28 June 1532 Ippolito de Medici 3 July 1532 - 10 August 1535 Alessandro Farnese 13 August 1535 - 14 April 1564; 14 April 1564 - 12 May 1564; 12 May 1564 - 2 March 1589 Alessandro Damasceni Peretti 13 March 1589 - 30 March 1620; 30 March 1620 - 2 June 1623 Ludovico Ludovisi 7 June 1623 - 18 November 1632 Francesco Barberini 21 November 1632 - 14 November 1644; 14 November 1644 - 10 December 1679 Lorenzo Raggi 6 February 1679 - 8 January 1680 Pietro Ottoboni 14 November 1689 - 26 June 1724; 26 June 1724 - 29 January 1725; 29 January 1725 - 29 February 1740 Tommaso Ruffo 29 August 1740 - 16 February 1753 Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra 12 March 1753 - 20 September 1756 Alberico Archinto 20 September 1756 - 30 September 1758 Carlo Rezzonico (iuniore) 22 November 1758 - 24 January 1763 Henry Benedict Mary Clement Stuart of York 14 January 1763 - 13 July 1807 Francesco Carafa di Trajetto 3 August 1807 - 20 September 1818 Giulio Maria della Somaglia 2 October 1818 - 2 April 1830 Tommaso Arezzo 5 July 1830 - 3 July 1833 Carlo Maria Pedicini 19 December 1834 - 19 November 1843 Tommaso Bernetti 22 January 1844 - 21 March 1852 Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso 27 September 1852 - 30 March 1878 Antonio Saverio De Luca 15 July 1878 - 28 December 1883 Teodolfo Martel 24 March 1884 - 11 July 1899 Lucido Maria Parocchi 14 December 1899 - 15 January 1903 Antonio Agliardi 22 June 1903 - 19 March 1915 Ottavio Cagiano de Azevedo 6 December 1915 - 11 July 1927 Andreas Franz Frühwirth, OP 19 December 1927 - 9 February 1933 Tommaso Pio Boggiani, OP 13 March 1933 - 26 February 1942 Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini 9 June 1958 - 17 October 1958 Santiago Luis Copello 14 December 1959 - 9 February 1967 Luigi Traglia 28 April 1969 - 15 March 1972 Narciso Jubany Arnau 5 March 1973 - 26 December 1996 Antonio Maria Rouco Varela 21 February 1998 – present References Sources Hüls, Rudolf (1977). Kardinal, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 1977. Pietro da Cortona, A Design for a Quarantore at San Lorenzo in Damaso, c. 1632 External links 380s establishments in the Roman Empire 4th-century churches 15th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy Titular churches Basilica churches in Rome Churches of Rome (rione Parione) Henry Benedict Stuart	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Lorenzo%20in%20Damaso
A local innovation system is a spatial concentration of firms (including specialized suppliers of equipment and services and customers) and associated non-market institutions (universities, research institutes, training institutions, standard-setting bodies, local trade associations, regulatory agencies, technology transfer agencies, business associations, relevant government agencies and departments, et al.) that combine to create new products and/or services in specific lines of business. The idea of a local innovation system is an adaptation from the concepts of the national innovation system (original concept) and regional innovation system. See also Regional innovation system National innovation system References Innovation	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20innovation%20system
Streptomyces clavuligerus is a species of Gram-positive bacterium notable for producing clavulanic acid. S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 (NRRL 3585, DSM 738) was first described by Higgens and Kastner (1971), who isolated it from a South American soil sample. Its name refers to the shape of its spore-bearing hyphal branches: from the Latin clavula 'little club' and igerus 'bearing'. S. clavuligerus spores are gray to grayish-green. S. clavuligerus produces over 20 secondary metabolites, including many beta-lactam antibiotics such as clavulanic acid, cephamycin C, deacetoxycephalosporin C, penicillin N (an intermediate in cephamycin C pathway), and at least four other clavams. Non-β-lactam antibiotics include holomycin and an antibiotic complex, MM 19290, related to tunicamycin; a beta-lactamase-inhibitory protein (BLIP) has also been described. For S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064, a teleocidin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified in early isolates held at ATCC, apparently missing from later isolates used for industrial production of clavulanic acid. Another important characteristic of S. clavuligerus is that it is not able to use glucose as a carbon source because it lacks a glucose transport system. It also possesses all the enzymes of the urea cycle, which is unusual for a prokaryote, although it is not clear whether the urea cycle is functional. References Further reading External links Type strain of Streptomyces clavuligerus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Bacteria described in 1971 clavuligerus	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces%20clavuligerus
The Academy for the Arts, Science and Technology (shortened as AAST or The Academy) is a branch school of the Horry County Schools system in Horry County, South Carolina. It has a focus on specific career majors and has qualifying status as a Blue Ribbon School and as a New American High School. However, despite the popularity and successes of the school, by a vote of the Horry County School Board on October 21, 2019, the program was partially dismantled and converted into a two-year program. References External links https://www.myhorrynews.com/news/board-aast-only-for-juniors-and-seniors-scholars-to-be/article_0b92c5e2-f46b-11e9-b42d-e3b3bce76d10.html Public high schools in South Carolina Schools in Horry County, South Carolina	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy%20for%20the%20Arts%2C%20Science%20and%20Technology

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