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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20go | No go or Nogo may refer to:
Nogo A, B, C, or Nogo-66, isoforms of a neurite outgrowth inhibitory protein Reticulon 4.
No-go area, a military or political term for an area to which access is restricted or travel is dangerous
No-go pill, a military term for a hypnotic medication taken by soldiers to ensure they are well rested for missions
go/no go, a process or device used in quality control
Go-NoGo gauge, an inspection tool used to check a workpiece against its allowed tolerances
No-go theorem, a theorem that shows that an idea is not possible even though it may look attractive
Nogo, an alternative name for an African tree more commonly called Lecomtedoxa
Nogo (drum), a Korean drum
People
Rajko Nogo (1945–2022), Serbian poet and literary critic
Salif Nogo (born 1986), Burkinabé-French footballer
Srđan Nogo (born 1981), Serbian politician
Places
Australia
Nogo River, a tributary of the Burnett River
United States
Nogo, Arkansas, a small, unincorporated community
Nogo, Missouri, a former town in Greene County
Entertainment
"Say No Go", a single by De La Soul
"No-Go Showboat", a song written for the American rock band The Beach Boys from their album Little Deuce Coupe
Hikaru no Go, a popular Japanese anime and manga
Hikaru no Go 3, a video game of the board game genre released in 2003 by Konami
Nogo (instrument), a traditional Korean drum set
See also
Go (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimage%20theorem | In mathematics, particularly in the field of differential topology, the preimage theorem is a variation of the implicit function theorem concerning the preimage of particular points in a manifold under the action of a smooth map.
Statement of Theorem
Definition. Let be a smooth map between manifolds. We say that a point is a regular value of if for all the map is surjective. Here, and are the tangent spaces of and at the points and
Theorem. Let be a smooth map, and let be a regular value of Then is a submanifold of If then the codimension of is equal to the dimension of Also, the tangent space of at is equal to
There is also a complex version of this theorem:
Theorem. Let and be two complex manifolds of complex dimensions Let be a holomorphic map and let be such that for all Then is a complex submanifold of of complex dimension
See also
References
Theorems in differential topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Rice%20%28footballer%29 | Stephen Rice (born 6 October 1984) is an Irish football coach and former player, who is currently a senior professional development coach at Crystal Palace U23's. During his playing career he played as a midfielder.
Career
Rice was signed by then Bohs manager Stephen Kenny in 2003, after spells in the youth ranks at Coventry City and Shelbourne. He went out on loan to Monaghan United for three months of the 2003 season and he made his debut the following season away to Longford Town on 20 March 2004.
Opportunities were not forthcoming, and Rice found himself playing at right-full for the senior side, a position which he retained throughout the 2004–06 seasons. He was awarded Bohemians' Player of the Year award in 2005.
In the 2007 season, under Sean Connor, Bohemians signed Owen Heary, regarded as the country's premier right-full, and Mark Rossiter, another player in that position. Rice's future at the club looked uncertain. However, due to injuries and suspensions, he was given the opportunity to play in his natural midfield position.
Departure from Bohemians
In August 2007, following an alleged contract dispute with Bohs, Sean Connor told Rice he was free to leave and would not play for the club again while he was in charge. Within days, Stockport County had made a bid to sign Rice but he turned them down. However, after two months out of the team, Rice made his return for Bohs as a substitute in a 2–0 defeat against Shamrock Rovers and featured in the first team squad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony%20Toshiba%20IBM%20Center%20of%20Competence%20for%20the%20Cell%20Processor | The Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor is the first Center of Competence dedicated to the promotion and development of Sony Toshiba IBM's Cell microprocessor, an eight-core multiprocessor designed using principles of parallelism and memory latency. The center is part of the Georgia Institute of Technology's College of Computing and is headed by David A. Bader.
According to IBM, the center is intended "to build a community of programmers and broaden industry support for the Cell BE processor." So far, the program has resulted in two workshops that involved detailed lectures on and training with various basic cell programming concepts, and has deployed a cluster of 28 IBM BladeCenter QS20 Servers (14 blades) for student and faculty use.
References
External links
Cell Programming Workshop
Cell BE architecture
Georgia Tech |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family%20Tree%20DNA | FamilyTreeDNA is a division of Gene by Gene, a commercial genetic testing company based in Houston, Texas. FamilyTreeDNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, Y-DNA, and mitochondrial DNA to individuals for genealogical purpose. With a database of more than two million records, it is the most popular company worldwide for Y-DNA and mitochondrial DNA, and the fourth most popular for autosomal DNA. In Europe, it is the most common also for autosomal DNA. FamilyTreeDNA as a division of Gene by Gene were acquired by MYDNA, Inc., an Australian company, in January 2021.
History
Concept and founding (2000–2002)
FamilyTreeDNA was founded based on an idea conceived by Bennett Greenspan, a lifelong entrepreneur and genealogy enthusiast. In 1999, Greenspan had entered semi-retirement and was working on his family history. He began work on his mother's Nitz lineage. When faced with a roadblock in his work, he remembered two cases of genetics being used to prove ancestry that had recently been covered by the media. These were a study by University of Arizona researchers showing that many Cohen men from both Ashkenazic and Sephardic groups share the same Y-chromosome and a study that showed that male descendants of a paternal uncle of US President Thomas Jefferson (who presumably shared his Y-chromosome) and male-line descendants of his freed slave Sally Hemings shared the same Y-chromosome and a recent common ancestry.
Greenspan had both Nitz cousins in California and had discovered so |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliatyn | Deliatyn (, ), is an urban-type settlement in Nadvirna Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located west of Chernivtsi and west-southwest of Kyiv. Together with Yaremche and Lanchyn it is part of a small agglomeration that runs along the Prut River valley between the Carpathian Mountains. Deliatyn hosts the administration of Deliatyn settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is
Deliatyn is first mentioned in documents on March 9, 1400. In 1554 Deliatyn received the status of a city, and from 1579 the status of a city with Magdeburg rights. The economic basis for the development of Deliatyn was the extraction of salt and salt production.
After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, Deliatyn was occupied by Polish troops, after the Polish–Soviet War it remained a part of the Stanisławów Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic, in September 1939 Deliatyn was annexed by the USSR, in 1940 it received the status of an urban-type settlement, and on November 13, 1940, it entered the . From December 30, 1962, it was part of the Bohorodchany Raion, but Deliatyn was assigned to the Nadvirna Raion. On August 17, 2017, it became the center of the Deliatyn settlement hromada.
Name
The name of the town had different forms over the centuries: Daliatyn (1400—1440), Deliatyn (1440—1960, 1990), Diliatyn (1961— October 2, 1989). It is believed that the name comes from the names of the legendary founders of the town: Dalia (or Dylia) and Tyna. The Latin wor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W14 | W14 may refer to:
British NVC community W14, a woodland community in the British National Vegetation Classification system
Cierva W.14 Skeeter, a helicopter
London Buses route W14
McCormick W-14, a farm tractor
Mercedes W14, a Formula One car
Nhanda language
Rhombicosidodecahedron
Route W14 (WMATA), a bus route in Maryland
Thunderbird W-14, an American civil transport plane
W14, a postcode district in London, England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadvirna%20Raion | Nadvirna Raion () is a raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region). The town of Nadvirna is the administrative center of the raion. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast was reduced to six, and the area of Nadvirna Raion was significantly expanded. Yaremche Municipality was merged into Nadvirna Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was
In 2015 oil production stopped in the raion (due to the license expiration).
Subdivisions
Current
After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 8 hromadas:
Deliatyn settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Deliatyn, retained from Nadvirna Raion;
Lanchyn settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Lanchyn, retained from Nadvirna Raion;
Nadvirna urban hromada with the administration in the city of Nadvirna, retained from Nadvirna Raion;
Pasichna rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Pasichna, retained from Nadvirna Raion;
Pererisl rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Pererisl, retained from Nadvirna Raion.
Polianytsia rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Polianytsia, transferred from Yaremche Municipality;
Vorokhta settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Vorokhta, transferred from Yaremche Municipality;
Yaremche urban hromada with the administration in the city of Yar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylarsonic%20acid | Phenylarsonic acid is the chemical compound with the formula C6H5AsO(OH)2, commonly abbreviated PhAsO3H2. This colourless solid is an organic derivative of arsenic acid, AsO(OH)3, where one OH group has been replaced by a phenyl group. The compound is a buffering agent and a precursor to other organoarsenic compounds, some of which are used in animal nutrition, e.g. 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid.
Preparation and structure
PhAsO3H2 can be prepared in several routes, but a common one entails treatment of phenyl diazonium salts with sodium arsenite (prepared from arsenious acid and base) in the presence of a copper(II) catalyst.
+ NaAsO3H2 → C6H5AsO3H2 + Na+ + N2
Related derivatives are prepared similarly. It was first prepared by Michaelis and Loenser. X-ray crystallography indicates that the molecules are connected by hydrogen-bonds consistent with short distance of 2.5 Å separating the oxygen atoms. The arsenic center is tetrahedral.
Related phenylarsonic acids
Several derivatives of phenylarsonic acid have been used as additives for animal feeds. These include 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid (3-NHPAA, or Roxarsone), p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA), 4-nitrophenylarsonic acid (4-NPAA), and p-ureidophenylarsonic acid (p-UPAA).
References
Phenyl compounds
Arsonic acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivation%20of%20the%20Navier%E2%80%93Stokes%20equations | The intent of this article is to highlight the important points of the derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations as well as its application and formulation for different families of fluids.
Basic assumptions
The Navier–Stokes equations are based on the assumption that the fluid, at the scale of interest, is a continuum – a continuous substance rather than discrete particles. Another necessary assumption is that all the fields of interest including pressure, flow velocity, density, and temperature are at least weakly differentiable.
The equations are derived from the basic principles of continuity of mass, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy. Sometimes it is necessary to consider a finite arbitrary volume, called a control volume, over which these principles can be applied. This finite volume is denoted by and its bounding surface . The control volume can remain fixed in space or can move with the fluid.
The material derivative
Changes in properties of a moving fluid can be measured in two different ways. One can measure a given property by either carrying out the measurement on a fixed point in space as particles of the fluid pass by, or by following a parcel of fluid along its streamline. The derivative of a field with respect to a fixed position in space is called the Eulerian derivative, while the derivative following a moving parcel is called the advective or material (or Lagrangian) derivative.
The material derivative is defined as the nonlinear op |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylan | Sylan (Norwegian), Sylarna (Swedish), or Bealjehkh (Southern Sami) is a mountain range on the border between Norway and Sweden. The mountain range lies in Trøndelag and Jämtland counties.
The central part of the range includes a large mountain ridge that starts at the tall mountain Lillsylen in the north then heading south to the tall Storsylen (the highest point in the mountain range), and further south to the tall mountain Storsola. Traversing the ridge is a popular trip for experienced hikers, and is easiest from the south to the north, due to a scrambling point about south of the Storsylen summit.
There are a number of mountain cabins in the area. The Norwegian Trekking Association maintains the tourist huts Schultzhytta in Roltdalen, Storerikvollen and Nedalshytta by Nesjøen. On the Swedish side the Swedish Tourist Association maintains the tourist huts Blåhammarens Fjällstation, Sylarnas Fjällstation and Helags Fjällstation. The mountain has a number of relatively small glaciers in its cirques on the eastern side of the main ridge.
Climate
Name
Sylan is the finite plural of syl which means "awl". The sharp and pointed peaks of the mountains have been compared with the tool.
Media gallery
References
Mountain ranges of Norway
Mountain ranges of Sweden
Landforms of Trøndelag
Landforms of Jämtland County
Tydal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201956%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%2020%20kilometres%20walk | The men's 20 kilometres walk was an event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. There were a total number of 21 participants from 10 nations.
Final classification
References
External links
Official Report
Results
M
Racewalking at the Olympics
Men's events at the 1956 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv%20Airport | Plovdiv Airport () is the airport of the second largest city in Bulgaria, Plovdiv, and is the country's 4th busiest behind Sofia, Burgas and Varna. It may be referred to as Plovdiv Krumovo Airport, after a small village located 6 km south-east away from the city on the main Plovdiv-Asenovgrad highway.
Plovdiv airport serves the nearby ski resorts of Bansko, Pamporovo and Borovets, and therefore serves mainly charter flights, during the winter season from the end of December until March. The main traffic at present is charter flights to and from the United Kingdom and Germany. The airport also plays a vital role in case of emergencies and is sometimes used as an alternate for Sofia Airport, which is almost 150 km away or 1.5-hour drive on the Trakiya motorway.
History
The beginning of civil aviation at Plovdiv came with the first test flight between Sofia-Plovdiv-Yambol and Burgas early in 1928. In 1947, interim civilian flights between Sofia and Plovdiv was carried out.
On 2 October 1947, the regional newspaper Fatherland Voice reported that over a period of 45 days 1,500 passengers were carried, noting that the flights were always on time. In May 1948, regular return flight began between Sofia-Plovdiv-Bourgas and Varna. The same period also saw the former Fifth Air Regiment getting established at the airport, and a ticket office was put into use. The first flight was carried out by the airline Balkan Bulgarian Airlines with aircraft types called TABSO, S-2, and with Li-2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsa%20Barlow | Dorsa Barlow is a wrinkle ridge system on the Moon, in Mare Tranquilitatis near the border with Mare Serenitatis, centered at . It is about 110 km long and was named after British crystallographer William Barlow in 1976.
References
Map of the region
External links
Dorsa Barlow at The Moon Wiki
Barlow |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Zadar | The Battle of Zadar () was a military engagement between the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija, or JNA), supported by the Croatian Serb Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina (SAO Krajina), and the Croatian National Guard (Zbor Narodne Garde, or ZNG), supported by the Croatian Police. The battle was fought north and east of the city of Zadar, Croatia, in the second half of September and early October 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. Although the JNA's initial orders were to lift the Croatian siege of the JNA's barracks in the city and isolate the region of Dalmatia from the rest of Croatia, the orders were amended during the battle to include capturing the Port of Zadar in the city centre. The JNA's advance was supported by the Yugoslav Air Force and Navy.
Fighting stopped on 5 October, when a cease-fire agreement was reached by the belligerents after the JNA reached the outskirts of Zadar and blocked all land routes to the city. Subsequent negotiations resulted in a partial withdrawal of the JNA, restoring road access to Zadar via the Adriatic Highway and the evacuation of JNA facilities in the city. The JNA achieved a portion of its stated objectives; while it blocked the Maslenica Bridge (the last overland route between the Croatian capital of Zagreb and Zadar), a road via Pag Island (relying on a ferry) remained open. The JNA Zadar garrison was evacuated as a result of negotiations, but the ZNG captured several relatively small JNA posts in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylokinase | Staphylokinase (SAK; also known as staphylococcal fibrinolysin or Müller's factor) is a protein produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It contains 136 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 15kDa. Synthesis of staphylokinase occurs in late exponential phase. It is similar to streptokinase.
Staphylokinase is positively regulated by the "agr" gene regulator. It activates plasminogen to form plasmin, which digests fibrin clots. This disrupts the fibrin meshwork which forms to keep infections localized. Staphylokinase interacts with plasminogen to form a 1:1 complex that exposes the active site of the plasminogen molecule. The plasmin Sak complex is neutralized by α2- antiplasmin in plasma in the absence of fibrin, resulting in lysis. However, in the presence of fibrin, the inhibition is delayed, creating a unique mechanism for fibrin selectivity in plasma.
Staphylokinase also cleaves IgG and complement component C3b, inhibiting phagocytosis.
Structure
The full length of mature staphylokinase mRNA is 489bp. The first 27 amino acids code for a signal peptide which is cleaved off in the mature protein (mSak). There is little or no homology between the primary structure of Sak and other plasminogen activators. The natural variants of Sak are Sak42D, SakφC and SakSTAR. These variants have four nucleotide differences in the coding region with one silent mutation. The affected codons are amino acids 38, 61, 63 and 70 in the full length staphylokinase. Amino acid 38 is lysin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necromancy%20%28film%29 | Necromancy (stylized as NEC'RO•MAN'CY) is a 1972 American supernatural horror film directed by Bert I. Gordon and starring Orson Welles, Pamela Franklin, Michael Ontkean, and Lee Purcell. The plot follows an enigmatic cult leader in a small California town who attempts to harness the powers of a local woman to resurrect his dead son.
The film was re-released in 1983 under the title The Witching in an alternate cut.
Plot
After Los Angeles housewife Lori Brandon suffers a stillbirth, her husband Frank obtains a job working in the advertising division of a toy company in the northern California community of Lilith. En route, they witness a violent car accident in which an oncoming vehicle swerves off an embankment, killing the female driver. When their car later runs out of gasoline, Frank walks toward town, and Lori waits at the car. She wanders into a field and finds a gravestone beneath a tree; there, she has a bizarre vision of a young boy's funeral.
Upon arriving in Lilith, Lori and Frank have dinner with his new boss, the eccentric Mr. Cato, who vaguely explains that Frank's job at the company will involve magic, and gives Lori a grimoire as a gift. Priscilla, another of Cato's employees, refers to Cato's dead son, whom he believes is merely "resting". Lori also discovers the house Frank and she have moved into had previously been rented by the woman who died in the car accident.
Lori becomes increasingly unnerved when she observes the power Cato exerts over the small |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine%20palmitoyltransferase%20II | Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPT2 gene.
Function
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II precursor (CPT2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein which is transported to the mitochondrial inner membrane. CPT2 together with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I oxidizes long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria. Defects in this gene are associated with mitochondrial long-chain fatty-acid (LCFA) oxidation disorders and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CPT2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Cpt2tm1b(KOMP)Wtsi was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping
See also
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
References
Further reading
Human proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentisic%20acid | Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1%) product of the metabolic break down of aspirin, excreted by the kidneys.
It is also found in the African tree Alchornea cordifolia and in wine.
Production
Gentisic acid is produced by carboxylation of hydroquinone.
C6H4(OH)2 + CO2 → C6H3(CO2H)(OH)2
This conversion is an example of a Kolbe–Schmitt reaction.
Alternatively the compound can be synthesized from salicylic acid via Elbs persulfate oxidation.
Reactions
In the presence of the enzyme gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, gentisic acid reacts with oxygen to give maleylpyruvate:
2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 maleylpyruvate
Applications
As a hydroquinone, gentisic acid is readily oxidised and is used as an antioxidant excipient in some pharmaceutical preparations.
In the laboratory, it is used as a sample matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, and has been shown to conveniently detect peptides incorporating the boronic acid moiety by MALDI.
References
Cited sources
Hydroquinones
Salicylic acids
Dihydroxybenzoic acids
Phenolic human metabolites
Human drug metabolites |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrillarin | rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FBL gene.
Function
This gene product is a component of a nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle thought to participate in the first step in processing pre-ribosomal (r)RNA. It is associated with the U3, U8, and U13 small nucleolar RNAs and is located in the dense fibrillar component (DFC) of the nucleolus. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal repetitive domain that is rich in glycine and arginine residues, like fibrillarins in other species. Its central region resembles an RNA-binding domain and contains an RNP consensus sequence. Antisera from approximately 8% of humans with the autoimmune disease scleroderma recognize fibrillarin.
Fibrillarin is a component of several ribonucleoproteins including a nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (SnRNP) and one of the two classes of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs). SnRNAs function in RNA splicing while snoRNPs function in ribosomal RNA processing.
Fibrillarin is associated with U3, U8 and U13 small nuclear RNAs in mammals and is similar to the yeast NOP1 protein. Fibrillarin has a well conserved sequence of around 320 amino acids, and contains 3 domains, an N-terminal Gly/Arg-rich region; a central domain resembling other RNA-binding proteins and containing an RNP-2-like consensus sequence; and a C-terminal alpha-helical domain. An evolutionarily related pre-rRNA processing protein, which lacks the Gl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-adaptive%20binary%20arithmetic%20coding | Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is a form of entropy encoding used in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards. It is a lossless compression technique, although the video coding standards in which it is used are typically for lossy compression applications. CABAC is notable for providing much better compression than most other entropy encoding algorithms used in video encoding, and it is one of the key elements that provides the H.264/AVC encoding scheme with better compression capability than its predecessors.
In H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, CABAC is only supported in the Main and higher profiles (but not the extended profile) of the standard, as it requires a larger amount of processing to decode than the simpler scheme known as context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) that is used in the standard's Baseline profile. CABAC is also difficult to parallelize and vectorize, so other forms of parallelism (such as spatial region parallelism) may be coupled with its use. In HEVC, CABAC is used in all profiles of the standard.
Algorithm
CABAC is based on arithmetic coding, with a few innovations and changes to adapt it to the needs of video encoding standards:
It encodes binary symbols, which keeps the complexity low and allows probability modelling for more frequently used bits of any symbol.
The probability models are selected adaptively based on local context, allowing better modelling of probabilities, because coding modes are us |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20sequenced%20bacterial%20genomes | This list of sequenced eubacterial genomes contains most of the eubacteria known to have publicly available complete genome sequences. Most of these sequences have been placed in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, a public database which can be searched on the web. A few of the listed genomes may not be in the INSDC database, but in other public databases.
Genomes listed as "Unpublished" are in a database, but not in the peer-reviewed scientific literature.
For the genomes of archaea see list of sequenced archaeal genomes.
Abditibacteriota
Actinomycetota
Aquificota
Armatimonadota
Bacteroidota/Chlorobiota group
Caldisericota
Chlamydiota/Verrucomicrobiota group
Chloroflexota
Chrysiogenota
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacterota
Deinococcota
Dictyoglomota
Elusimicrobiota
Fibrobacterota/Acidobacteriota group
Bacillota
Fusobacteriota
Gemmatimonadota
Nitrospirota
Planctomycetota
Pseudomonadota
Alphaproteobacteria
Betaproteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria
Zetaproteobacteria
Myxococcota–Campylobacterota
Spirochaetota
Synergistota
Mycoplasmatota
Thermodesulfobacteriota
Thermotogota
See also
Genome project
Human microbiome project
List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes
List of sequenced archaeal genomes
List of sequenced plastomes
References
In silico analysis of complete bacterial genomes: PCR, AFLP–PCR and endonuclease restriction
Combining diverse evidence for gene recognition in completely sequenced bacterial genomes
Intrage |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%20Louisiana%20Highway%20renumbering | In 1955, Louisiana passed a law that undertook a comprehensive revision to the state highway classification and numbering system. The new system designated roads by importance to travel patterns and rectified the previous numbering system under new unified designations.
History
Highway numbers in Louisiana first appeared in 1921, per Act 95 of the 1921 Special Session of the Louisiana Legislature. Routes 1 through 98 were defined that year. These first 98 routes remained consistent throughout the pre-1955 era. The lowest numbered routes seem to have followed major auto trails; for instance, LA 1 was the Jefferson Highway, LA 2 was the Old Spanish Trail, etc. The remainder of the numbering system seemed to work on a lower-number, higher-order principle, with some clustering; for instance, LA 61 and 62 both existed in St. Bernard Parish. When US highways were added in 1926, the US designations were simply overlaid over the preexisting state route (SR) designations in a method similar to modern Georgia (the state route was included in signage as well).
Other routes were added as time went on, numbered in consecutive fashion, starting with LA 99 in 1924. By 1926 there were 162 defined routes; by 1929, 490. The number of routes increased precipitously during the Huey Long era, with 1325 routes defined by 1930 and more to come. A few routes were given "half" numbers, such as LA 99½ and LA 1315½, for reasons perhaps related to numerical duplications in the official legal descript |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfhemoglobinemia | Sulfhemoglobinemia is a rare condition in which there is excess sulfhemoglobin (SulfHb) in the blood. The pigment is a greenish derivative of hemoglobin which cannot be converted back to normal, functional hemoglobin. It causes cyanosis even at low blood levels.
It is a rare blood condition in which the β-pyrrole ring of the hemoglobin molecule has the ability to bind irreversibly to any substance containing a sulfur atom. When hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (or sulfide ions) and ferrous ions combine in the heme of hemoglobin, the blood is thus incapable of transporting oxygen to the tissues.
Presentation
Symptoms include a blueish or greenish coloration of the blood (cyanosis), skin, and mucous membranes, even though a blood count test may not show any abnormalities in the blood.
This discoloration is caused by greater than 5 grams per cent of deoxyhemoglobin, or 1.5 grams per cent of methemoglobin, or 0.5 grams per cent of sulfhemoglobin, all serious medical abnormalities.
Causes
Sulfhemoglobinemia is usually drug induced, with drugs associated with it including sulphonamides, such as sulfasalazine or sumatriptan. Another possible cause is occupational exposure to sulfur compounds.
It can also be caused by phenazopyridine.
Treatment
The condition generally resolves itself with erythrocyte (red blood cell) turnover, although blood transfusions can be necessary in extreme cases.
Notable cases
On June 8, 2007, Canadian anesthesiologists Dr. Stephan Schwarz, Dr. Giuseppe Del Vic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detomidine | Detomidine is an imidazole derivative and α2-adrenergic agonist, used as a large animal sedative, primarily used in horses. It is usually available as the salt detomidine hydrochloride. It is a prescription medication available to veterinarians sold under various trade names.
Currently, detomidine is licensed for use only in horses in the US but it is also licensed for use in cattle in Europe and Australasia.
Properties
Detomidine is a sedative with analgesic properties. α2-adrenergic agonists produce dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effects, mediated by activation of α2 catecholamine receptors, thus inducing a negative feedback response, reducing production of excitatory neurotransmitters. Due to inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, detomidine also has cardiac and respiratory effects and an antidiuretic action.
Effects
A profound lethargy and characteristic lowering of the head with reduced sensitivity to environmental stimuli (sound, pain, etc.) are seen with detomidine. A short period of reduced coordination is characteristically followed by immobility and a firm stance with front legs spread. Following administration there is an initial increase in blood pressure, followed by bradycardia and second degree atrioventricular block (this is not pathologic in horses). The horse commonly sweats to excess, especially on the flanks and neck. Other side effects reported include pilo erection (hair standing erect), ataxia, salivation, slight muscle tremors, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichibabin%20reaction | The Chichibabin reaction (pronounced ' (chē')-chē-bā-bēn) is a method for producing 2-aminopyridine derivatives by the reaction of pyridine with sodium amide. It was reported by Aleksei Chichibabin in 1914. The following is the overall form of the general reaction:
The direct amination of pyridine with sodium amide takes place in liquid ammonia. Following the addition elimination mechanism first a nucleophilic NH2− is added while a hydride (H−) is leaving.
Ciganek describes an example of an intramolecular Chichibabin reaction in which a nitrile group on a fused ring is the source of nitrogen in amination.
Mechanism
It is widely accepted that the Chichibabin reaction mechanism is an addition-elimination reaction that proceeds through an σ-adduct (Meisenheimer adduct) intermediate (the third structure). First, the nucleophilic NH2− group adds to the δ+ ring carbon atom pushing electrons onto the ring nitrogen atom and forming the anionic σ-adduct, which is stabilized by sodium. Electrons from the N atom are then pushed towards the ring forming a C=N bond and ejecting a hydride ion. The hydride ion abstracts a proton from the positively charged nitrogen atom, forming hydrogen gas. The ring nitrogen atom then pushes electrons back into the ring, regaining aromaticity, the now negatively charged NH group abstracts a proton from water giving the product, 2-aminopyridine.
Reaction progress can be measured by the formation of hydrogen gas and red color from σ-adduct formation.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmstr%C3%B6m%27s%20theorem | In economics, Holmström's theorem is an impossibility theorem or trilemma attributed to Bengt R. Holmström proving that no incentive system for a team of agents can make all of the following true:
Income equals outflow (the budget balances),
The system has a Nash equilibrium, and
The system is Pareto efficient.
Thus a Pareto-efficient system with a balanced budget does not have any point at which an agent can not do better by changing their effort level, even if everyone else's effort level stays the same, meaning that the agents can never settle down to a stable strategy; a Pareto-efficient system with a Nash equilibrium does not distribute all revenue, or spends more than it has; and a system with a Nash equilibrium and balanced budget does not maximise the total profit of everybody.
The Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem in social choice theory is a related impossibility theorem dealing with voting systems.
Statement of the theorem
Suppose there is a team of n > 1 risk neutral agents whose preference functions are strictly concave and increasing, and also additively separable in money and effort. Then, under an incentive system that distributes exactly the output among the team members, any Nash equilibrium is Pareto inefficient.
Rasmusen studies the relaxation of this problem obtained by removing the assumption that the agents are risk neutral (Holmström: "linear in money").
The economic reason for Holmström's result is a "Sharing problem". A team member faces effic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/744%20%28number%29 | 744 (seven hundred [and] forty four) is the natural number following 743 and preceding 745.
744 plays a major role within moonshine theory of sporadic groups, in context of the classification of finite simple groups.
Number theory
744 is the nineteenth number of the form where , and represent distinct prime numbers (2, 3, and 31; respectively).
It can be represented as the sum of nonconsecutive factorials , as the sum of four consecutive primes , and as the product of sums of divisors of consecutive integers ; respectively:
744 contains sixteen total divisors — fourteen aside from its two unitary divisors — all of which collectively generate an integer arithmetic mean of that is also the first number of the form
The number partitions of the square of seven (49) into prime parts is 744, as is the number of partitions of 48 into at most four distinct parts.
It is palindromic in septenary (21127), while in binary it is a pernicious number, as its digit representation (10111010002) contains a prime count (5) of ones.
744 is abundant and semiperfect, as well as practical. It is the first number to be the sum of nine cubes in eight or more ways. In decimal, 744 is the number of six-digit perfect powers.
Totients
744 has two hundred and forty integers that are relatively prime or coprime with and up to itself, equivalently its Euler totient.
This totient of 744 is regular like its sum-of-divisors, where 744 sets the twenty-ninth record for of 1920. Both the tot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Courtleigh | Robert Courtleigh (October 23, 1916 – November 21, 2004) was an American television and film actor.
Biography
He was born in Rye, New York, one of four sons born to Edna (Conroy) Courtleigh, a Gibson Girl, and William Courtleigh, a Canadian-born acclaimed Broadway actor, member of the Lamb's Club, and co-creator of the Actors' Equity Association.
Courtleigh got his start in the 1950s science fiction television series Atom Squad playing character Steve Elliott alongside Bob Hastings and Bram Nossem. This role led to Courtleigh being chosen as an honorary delegate to the ninth annual World Science Fiction Convention held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Among Courtleigh's other television roles were an episode of Men into Space in the 1960s, the part of the evil stepmother's groom in Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, a CBS TV special starring Lesley Ann Warren; several appearances in Hallmark Hall of Fame productions; and supporting roles in the Sylvester Stallone drama F.I.S.T. and Winter Kills, a John Huston thriller.
On March 15, 2022 it was confirmed on the MASH matters pod cast that Courtleigh played the role of General Douglas McArthur in the M*A*S*H episode 'Big Mac'
Courtleigh was preceded in death by his wife, Gretchen (who died in February 2004); they each had a child from previous marriages. Courtleigh's brother, Stephen, and half-brother, William, were also actors.
Film and television
References
External links
1916 births
2004 deaths
American male film |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay%20jail | Pay Jail is a jail cell upgrade for non-violent offenders in jail costing from $75 to $171 a night.
Amenities
Inmates are allowed to bring an iPod, cellphone, or laptop in their cell or watch TV in the common room. Some may even get to leave during the day to go to work. Inmates are allowed to roam the prison campus (which are not necessarily fenced). Prisoners are safe from prison gangs and other dangerous prisoners. They may have their food delivered to their cell rather than going the jail's cafeteria or they may choose to enjoy meals brought by their families during visiting hours.
Paris Hilton reputedly said that she chose not to go to a "pay jail."
References
Footnotes
Notations
Clarence Page op ed regarding "pay jail" Chicago Tribune
Video about Pay Jails in CA Brightcove TV
Santa Anna California
Torrance California
Penal system in California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trellis%20quantization | Trellis quantization is an algorithm that can improve data compression in DCT-based encoding methods. It is used to optimize residual DCT coefficients after motion estimation in lossy video compression encoders such as Xvid and x264. Trellis quantization reduces the size of some DCT coefficients while recovering others to take their place. This process can increase quality because coefficients chosen by Trellis have the lowest rate-distortion ratio. Trellis quantization effectively finds the optimal quantization for each block to maximize the PSNR relative to bitrate. It has varying effectiveness depending on the input data and compression method.
References
VirtualDub/Xvid guide mentioning Trellis quantization
FFMPEGx option documentation
Trellis explanation and pseudocode by the x264-author
MPEG
Data compression
Video compression |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAB2 | GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 also known as GAB2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GAB2 gene.
GAB2 is a docking protein with a conserved, folded PH domain attached to the membrane and a large disordered region, which hosts interactions with signaling molecules. It is a member of the GAB/DOS family localized on the internal membrane of the cell. It mediates the interaction between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-RTK receptors serving as the gateway into the cell for activation of SHP2, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Grb2, ERK, and AKT and acting as one of the first steps in these signaling pathways. GAB2 has been shown to be important in physiological functions such as growth in bone marrow and cardiac function. GAB2 has also been associated with many diseases including leukemia and Alzheimer's disease.
Discovery
GAB proteins were one of the first docking proteins identified in the mammalian signal transduction pathway. GAB2 along with many other adaptor, scaffold, and docking proteins, was discovered in the mid-1990s during the isolation and cloning of protein tyrosine kinase substrates and association partners. GAB2 was initially discovered as a binding protein and substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2/PTPN11. Two other groups later cloned GAB2 by searching DNA database for protein with sequence homology to GAB1.
Structure
GAB2 is a large multi-site docking protein (LMD) of about 100kD that has a folded N-terminal domain attache |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34%20equal%20temperament | In musical theory, 34 equal temperament, also referred to as 34-TET, 34-EDO or 34-ET, is the tempered tuning derived by dividing the octave into 34 equal-sized steps (equal frequency ratios). Each step represents a frequency ratio of , or 35.29 cents .
History and use
Unlike divisions of the octave into 19, 31 or 53 steps, which can be considered as being derived from ancient Greek intervals (the greater and lesser diesis and the syntonic comma), division into 34 steps did not arise 'naturally' out of older music theory, although Cyriakus Schneegass proposed a meantone system with 34 divisions based in effect on half a chromatic semitone (the difference between a major third and a minor third, 25:24 or 70.67 cents). Wider interest in the tuning was not seen until modern times, when the computer made possible a systematic search of all possible equal temperaments. While Barbour discusses it, the first recognition of its potential importance appears to be in an article published in 1979 by the Dutch theorist Dirk de Klerk. The luthier Larry Hanson had an electric guitar refretted from 12 to 34 and persuaded American guitarist Neil Haverstick to take it up.
As compared with 31-et, 34-et reduces the combined mistuning from the theoretically ideal just thirds, fifths and sixths from 11.9 to 7.9 cents. Its fifths and sixths are markedly better, and its thirds only slightly further from the theoretical ideal of the 5:4 ratio. Viewed in light of Western diatonic theory, the three |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20W.%20Gei%C3%9Fend%C3%B6rfer | Hans W. Geißendörfer (born 6 April 1941 in Augsburg) is a German film director and producer.
Director of The Glass Cell (1978, starring Brigitte Fossey), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and 16 other films (The Wild Duck starring Jean Seberg; The Magic Mountain starring Rod Steiger; Justice), he is creator of TV-Series Lindenstraße (since 1985).
In 1970, Geißendörfer won the Film Award in Gold at the Deutscher Filmpreis for Best New Direction for his first film Jonathan.
In 1971 he directed the TV film Carlos, which starred Gottfried John and Anna Karina. His 1976 film The Sternstein Manor was entered into the 10th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1992 his film Gudrun was entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival where it won an Honourable Mention. His drama Snowland (2005, starring Julia Jentsch and Thomas Kretschmann) won the Special Grand Prize at the Montréal World Film Festival.
The German director Hana Geißendörfer is his daughter.
Selected filmography
Jonathan (1970)
Der Fall Lena Christ (1970, TV film) — (biographical film about Lena Christ)
Eine Rose für Jane (1970, TV film)
Carlos (1971, TV film) — (loosely based on Don Carlos)
Marie (1972, TV film)
Die Eltern (1974, TV film)
Perahim – die zweite Chance (1974, TV film) — (based on a novel by C. Virgil Gheorghiu)
(1976, TV series)
The Sternstein Manor (Sternsteinhof, 1976) — (based on a novel by Ludwig Anzengruber)
(Die Wildente, 1976) — ( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS%20frequency%20bands | The UMTS frequency bands are radio frequencies used by third generation (3G) wireless Universal Mobile Telecommunications System networks. They were allocated by delegates to the World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC-92) held in Málaga-Torremolinos, Spain between 3 February 1992 and 3 March 1992. Resolution 212 (Rev.WRC-97), adopted at the World Radiocommunication Conference held in Geneva, Switzerland in 1997, endorsed the bands specifically for the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specification by referring to S5.388, which states "The bands 1,885-2,025 MHz and 2,110-2,200 MHz are intended for use, on a worldwide basis, by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000). Such use does not preclude the use of these bands by other services to which they are allocated. The bands should be made available for IMT-2000 in accordance with Resolution 212 (Rev. WRC-97)." To accommodate the reality that these initially defined bands were already in use in various regions of the world, the initial allocation has been amended multiple times to include other radio frequency bands.
UMTS-FDD frequency bands and channel bandwidths
From Tables 5.0 "UTRA FDD frequency bands" of the latest published version of the 3GPP TS 25.101, the following table lists the specified frequency bands of UMTS (FDD):
Deployments by region (UMTS-FDD)
The following table shows the standardized UMTS bands and their regional use. The ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotrophic%20fungus | Radiotrophic fungi are fungi that can perform the hypothetical biological process called radiosynthesis, which means using ionizing radiation as an energy source to drive metabolism. It has been claimed that radiotrophic fungi have been found in extreme environments such as in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.
Most radiotrophic fungi use melanin in some capacity to survive. The process of using radiation and melanin for energy has been termed radiosynthesis, and is thought to be analogous to anaerobic respiration. However, it is not known if multi-step processes such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are used in radiosynthesis or even if radiosynthesis exists in living organisms.
Discovery
Many fungi have been isolated from the area around the destroyed Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, some of which have been observed directing their growth of hyphae toward radioactive graphite from the disaster, a phenomenon called “radiotropism”. Study has ruled out the presence of carbon as the resource attracting the fungal colonies, and in fact concluded that some fungi will preferentially grow in the direction of the source of beta and gamma ionizing radiation, but were not able to identify the biological mechanism behind this effect. It has also been observed that other melanin-rich fungi were discovered in the cooling water from some other, working, nuclear reactors. The light-absorbing compound in the fungus cell membranes had the effect of turning the water black. While there ar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salhi%20%28region%29 | The Salhi is a region/city-state in the vicinity of Ugarit during the 15-20 year Amarna letters correspondence of 1350–1335 BC.
The region of Salhi is referenced in only one letter of the Amarna letters corpus, that of EA 126, (EA for 'el Amarna'), and EA 126 is in the sub-corpus of the 68-letters written from Rib-Hadda of Gubla/-(Byblos). As stated in the letter: .."boxwood, it is taken from the land of Salhi and from Ugarit." Rib-Haddi's letter no. 126 is written to the Egyptian pharaoh.
The letter of: "lands of Salhi" and of Ugarit
Letter EA 126, title: "Rejection of Gubla or Rib-Hadda?"
Letter no. 55 of 68 by Rib-Haddi of Gubla-(Byblos):
"(1-13)–Rib-Eddi. Say to the king-(i.e. Pharaoh), my lord: I fall beneath the feet of my lord 7 times and 7 times. As for my lord's having written for bo [xwood] , it is taken from the lands of Salhi and from Ugarit. I am unable to send my ships there, since Aziru is at war with me, and all the mayors are at peace with him. Their ships go about as they please, and they get what they need.
(14-26)–Moreover-(i-nu-ma), why does the king give the mayors, my friends, every sort of provision, but to me not give anything?
(17-26)–Previously-(a-du), money and everything for the(ir) provisions were sent from the palace to my ancestors, and my lord would send troops to them. But now I write for troops, but a garrison is not sent, and nothing at all is given [to m]e.
(27-60)–A[s for] the king, my lord's, [having said],—"Gua[rd yourself] and [th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein%20Malek-Afzali | Hossein Malek-Afzali (; born 1939) is an Iranian scientist, physician, and an associate of World Health Organization.
He is currently professor at the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University. He also acted as deputy health minister of Iran.
Malek-Afzali is the author of more than 80 articles in international journals and several books in English and Persian.
In 2007, Malek-Afzali was awarded the United Nations Population Award. He has helped design strategies to improve health procedures, particularly adolescent health, reproductive health and family planning. In the field of reproductive health, he has engaged policymakers and religious leaders in the planning and implementation of reproductive health programmes in Iran.
Awards
United Nations Population Award (2007)
Notes
See also
Intellectual movements in Iran
Contemporary Medicine in Iran
Iranian public health doctors
20th-century Iranian inventors
Iranian Vice Ministers
Academic staff of the University of Tehran
World Health Organization officials
1939 births
Living people
Iranian officials of the United Nations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmented%20regression | Segmented regression, also known as piecewise regression or broken-stick regression, is a method in regression analysis in which the independent variable is partitioned into intervals and a separate line segment is fit to each interval. Segmented regression analysis can also be performed on multivariate data by partitioning the various independent variables. Segmented regression is useful when the independent variables, clustered into different groups, exhibit different relationships between the variables in these regions. The boundaries between the segments are breakpoints.
Segmented linear regression is segmented regression whereby the relations in the intervals are obtained by linear regression.
Segmented linear regression, two segments
Segmented linear regression with two segments separated by a breakpoint can be useful to quantify an abrupt change of the response function (Yr) of a varying influential factor (x). The breakpoint can be interpreted as a critical, safe, or threshold value beyond or below which (un)desired effects occur. The breakpoint can be important in decision making
The figures illustrate some of the results and regression types obtainable.
A segmented regression analysis is based on the presence of a set of ( y, x ) data, in which y is the dependent variable and x the independent variable.
The least squares method applied separately to each segment, by which the two regression lines are made to fit the data set as closely as possible while min |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Italian%20motorcycle%20Grand%20Prix | The 2007 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 2007 MotoGP championship. It took place on the weekend of 1–3 June 2007 at the Mugello Circuit.
MotoGP classification
250 cc classification
125 cc classification
Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round six has concluded.
Riders' Championship standings
Constructors' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
Italian
Motorcycle Grand Prix |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%20Azul%20%28album%29 | Mar Azul is an album by the Cape Verdean musician Cesária Évora. It was released by Lusafrica in 1991.
The album consists of morna and coladeira songs. It was produced by José Da Silva. Mar Azul was one of Évora's favorites of her albums.
Track listing
References
External links
Cesária Évora albums
1991 albums
Portuguese-language albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemanja%20Jovanovi%C4%87 | Nemanja Jovanović (; born on 3 March 1984) is a Serbian former football striker.
Career statistics
Honours
Vaslui
UEFA Intertoto Cup (1): 2008
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Red Star Belgrade footballers
FK Železnik players
FC Universitatea Cluj players
CS Sporting Vaslui players
CSM Unirea Alba Iulia players
FC Unirea Urziceni players
FC Argeș Pitești players
SCM Râmnicu Vâlcea players
CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Men's association football forwards
FC Kairat players
FC Yelimay players
Sandnes Ulf players
FC AGMK players
FC Taraz players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Uzbekistan Super League players
Eliteserien players
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Expatriate men's footballers in Uzbekistan
People from Negotin
Sportspeople from Bor District |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound%20speed%20gradient | In acoustics, the sound speed gradient is the rate of change of the speed of sound with distance, for example with depth in the ocean,
or height in the Earth's atmosphere. A sound speed gradient leads to refraction of sound wavefronts in the direction of lower sound speed, causing the sound rays to follow a curved path. The radius of curvature of the sound path is inversely proportional to the gradient.
When the sun warms the Earth's surface, there is a negative temperature gradient in atmosphere. The speed of sound decreases with decreasing temperature, so this also creates a negative sound speed gradient. The sound wave front travels faster near the ground, so the sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source. The opposite effect happens when the ground is covered with snow, or in the morning over water, when the sound speed gradient is positive. In this case, sound waves can be refracted from the upper levels down to the surface.
In underwater acoustics, speed of sound depends on pressure (hence depth), temperature, and salinity of seawater, thus leading to vertical speed gradients similar to those that exist in atmospheric acoustics. However, when there is a zero sound speed gradient, values of sound speed have the same "isospeed" in all parts of a given water column (there is no change in sound speed with depth). The same effect happens in an isothermal atmosphere with the ideal gas assumption |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Agostino%27s%20K-squared%20test | In statistics, D'Agostino's K2 test, named for Ralph D'Agostino, is a goodness-of-fit measure of departure from normality, that is the test aims to gauge the compatibility of given data with the null hypothesis that the data is a realization of independent, identically distributed Gaussian random variables. The test is based on transformations of the sample kurtosis and skewness, and has power only against the alternatives that the distribution is skewed and/or kurtic.
Skewness and kurtosis
In the following, { xi } denotes a sample of n observations, g1 and g2 are the sample skewness and kurtosis, mj’s are the j-th sample central moments, and is the sample mean. Frequently in the literature related to normality testing, the skewness and kurtosis are denoted as and β2 respectively. Such notation can be inconvenient since, for example, can be a negative quantity.
The sample skewness and kurtosis are defined as
These quantities consistently estimate the theoretical skewness and kurtosis of the distribution, respectively. Moreover, if the sample indeed comes from a normal population, then the exact finite sample distributions of the skewness and kurtosis can themselves be analysed in terms of their means μ1, variances μ2, skewnesses γ1, and kurtosis γ2. This has been done by , who derived the following expressions:
and
For example, a sample with size drawn from a normally distributed population can be expected to have a skewness of and a kurtosis of , where SD ind |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License%20proliferation | License proliferation is the phenomenon of an abundance of already existing and the continued creation of new software licenses for software and software packages in the FOSS ecosystem. License proliferation affects the whole FOSS ecosystem negatively by the burden of increasingly complex license selection, license interaction, and license compatibility considerations.
Impact
Often when a software developer would like to merge portions of different software programs they are unable to do so because the licenses are incompatible. When software under two different licenses can be merged into a larger software work, the licenses are said to be compatible. As the number of licenses increases, the probability that a free and open-source software (FOSS) developer will want to merge software that are available under incompatible licenses increases. There is also a greater cost to companies that wish to evaluate every FOSS license for software packages that they use. Strictly speaking, no one is in favor of license proliferation. Rather, the issue stems from the tendency for organizations to write new licenses in order to address real or perceived needs for their software releases.
License compatibility
License proliferation is especially a problem when licenses have only limited or complicated license compatibility relationships with other licenses. Therefore, some consider compatibility with the widely used GNU General Public License (GPL) an important characteristic, for insta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahuenga%20Boulevard | Cahuenga Boulevard () is a major boulevard of northern Los Angeles, California, US. The “Cahuenga” name is a Spanish, phonetic derivative with no actual Spanish language meaning that is attributed to the Tongva village of Kawengna, meaning "place of the mountain". It connects Sunset Boulevard in the heart of old Hollywood to the Hollywood Hills and North Hollywood in the San Fernando Valley.
Description
Cahuenga Boulevard begins at West Victory Boulevard in North Hollywood, crosses the Ventura Freeway and the Los Angeles River as it temporarily merges with Lankershim Boulevard before passing the Campo de Cahuenga and Universal City Metro station, then crosses the Hollywood Freeway. At this point an intersection is formed with Ventura Boulevard to the northwest and the continuation of Cahuenga Boulevard to the southeast. From here it parallels the Hollywood Freeway, passing The Baked Potato jazz club.
and Universal Studios Hollywood (as Cahuenga Boulevard West), rising over the Cahuenga Pass connecting the San Fernando Valley to the Los Angeles Basin. Crossing the freeway once again on the Pilgrimage Bridge near The Hollywood Bowl, it continues (as North Cahuenga Boulevard) down to Sunset Boulevard and Melrose Avenue in downtown Hollywood. The boulevard is one of the principal routes to Universal Studios from downtown Los Angeles.
Landmarks
The southern part of Cahuenga Boulevard has been referred to as the "heart of old Hollywood". The intersection between Cahuenga and Hol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%2022%20tobacco | Type 22 tobacco is a classification of United States tobacco product as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, effective date November 7, 1986. The definition states that type 22 tobacco is a type of fire-cured tobacco, known as Eastern District fire-cured, produced principally in a section east of the Tennessee River in southern Kentucky and northern Tennessee. Most type 22 tobacco in northern Tennessee is grown in Robertson and Montgomery County.
Type 22 is harvested, stripped and hung inside curing barns and a fire is set to provide optimum conditions for curing the product for sale. Incidentally, several barns are lost to fire each year, usually representing a substantial loss for the grower.
References
USDA Standards for Type 22 tobacco
USDA Tobacco Briefing Room
Slide show from University of Kentucky and University of Tennessee on Dark Tobacco Production, includes type 22 tobacco
Tobacco in the United States
1986 introductions
United States Department of Agriculture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Meth%20Anonymous | Crystal Meth Anonymous (CMA) is a California-based non-profit, public-benefit corporation founded in 1994. The members of the fellowship of Crystal Meth Anonymous work a twelve-step program of recovery with recovering crystal meth addicts. Participants in local groups meet in order to help others recover from methamphetamine addiction. CMA advocates complete abstinence from methamphetamine, alcohol, inhalants, and all other psychoactive drugs not taken as prescribed.
History and demographics
CMA was founded on September 16, 1994 in West Hollywood, California by Bill Coffey, a member of the 12 step recovery community in Los Angeles for over two decades at the time. The first group held its first meeting at the West Hollywood Alcohol and Drug Center. , CMA had a presence in over 100 metropolitan areas of the United States, as well as parts of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Iran. The first CMA World Service Conference was held in Park City, Utah in October 2008, during which the CMA Conference Charter was adopted. The purpose of the conference is to bring together elected delegates from CMA groups from across the world to meet as guardians of the world services and of the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions of CMA, the same Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions followed by Alcoholics Anonymous. The conference does not act as a governing body of CMA, but rather as the service body for the organization.
At the first General Service Conference, the delegates adopted that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZIF | ZIF, ZiF or Zif may refer to:
Zero insertion force, a way to connect an electrical connector without applying force to the connector
Zero Intermediate Frequency, a radio demodulation technique
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, a class of metal-organic frameworks
Zif, Hebron, a Palestinian village in the West Bank Governorate of Hebron
Zif, Iran, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran
ZiF, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Jang-kwan | Lee Jang-Kwan (born July 4, 1974) is a South Korean football manager and retired player. He currently manages Jeonnam Dragons of K League 2.
Club career statistics
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
Busan IPark players
Incheon United FC players
K League 1 players
Footballers from Seoul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC12%20cell%20line | PC12 is a cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla, that have an embryonic origin from the neural crest that has a mixture of neuroblastic cells and eosinophilic cells.
Background
This cell line was first cultured by Greene and Tischler in 1976. It was developed in parallel to the adrenal chromaffin cell model because of its extreme versatility for pharmacological manipulation, ease of culture, and the large amount of information on their proliferation and differentiation. These qualities provide advantage even though they have smaller vesicles and quantal size, holding only an average of 1.9x10−19 moles of neurotransmitter released. The vesicles hold catecholamines, mostly dopamine, but also limited amount of norepinephrine, and release of these neurotransmitters give rise to spikes due to changes in current similar to chromaffin cells.
PC12 cell line use has given much information to the function of proteins underlying vesicle fusion. This cell line has been used to understand the role of synaptotagmin in vesicle-cell membrane fusion.
Differentiation
Their embryological origin with neuroblastic cells means they can easily differentiate into neuron-like cells even though they are not considered adult neurons. Neuron-like means they share properties similar to neurons, in this case it is referring to releasing neurotransmitter by vesicles. PC12 cells stop dividing and terminally differentiate when treated with nerve growth factor or dexametha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC12 | PC12 may refer to:
PC12 cell line
PC12 minicomputer
Pilatus PC-12, a civilian aircraft
BAP Río Chira (PC 12), a vessel of the Peruvian Coast Guard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-body%20problem%20in%20general%20relativity | The two-body problem in general relativity (or relativistic two-body problem) is the determination of the motion and gravitational field of two bodies as described by the field equations of general relativity. Solving the Kepler problem is essential to calculate the bending of light by gravity and the motion of a planet orbiting its sun. Solutions are also used to describe the motion of binary stars around each other, and estimate their gradual loss of energy through gravitational radiation.
General relativity describes the gravitational field by curved space-time; the field equations governing this curvature are nonlinear and therefore difficult to solve in a closed form. No exact solutions of the Kepler problem have been found, but an approximate solution has: the Schwarzschild solution. This solution pertains when the mass M of one body is overwhelmingly greater than the mass m of the other. If so, the larger mass may be taken as stationary and the sole contributor to the gravitational field. This is a good approximation for a photon passing a star and for a planet orbiting its sun. The motion of the lighter body (called the "particle" below) can then be determined from the Schwarzschild solution; the motion is a geodesic ("shortest path between two points") in the curved space-time. Such geodesic solutions account for the anomalous precession of the planet Mercury, which is a key piece of evidence supporting the theory of general relativity. They also describe the bendi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ces%C3%A1ria | Cesária is the fifth album by Cesária Évora. The album, consisting of Cape Verdean morna and coladeira songs, was released by Paris-based Lusafrica on 18 July 1995. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award in the World Music category in 1996.
It was certified gold in France by SNEP which sold more than 100,000 copies. As of 1997, in United States the album has sold 150,000 copies.
Track listing
Selected translations: "Tudo dia e dia" is "Everyday, Everyday"," Flor na Paul" is "Flower of Paul" and "Doce Guerra" is "Sweet War".
Charts
Certifications and sales
Credits
Group members
Cesária Évora - singer
Paulino Vieira - bass guitar, cavaquinho, piano, harmonica, percussions, chorus
Osvaldo Dias - cord guitar, chorus
Armando Tito - guitar, chorus
Toy Vieira - cavaquinho, chorus
Raúl Barboza - accordion
Ramiro Mendes, Teofilo Chantre - chorus
Technical team and production
Producer: José da Silva
Producer, arrangements: Paulino Vieira
Engineers: Christian Echaïb, Didier Le Marchand, Gérard Kouchtchouian
Mixers: Christian Echaïb, Paulino Vieira
Artwork: Le Village, Christian Libessart
Photographer: Ernest Collins, Pierre René-Worms
Earlier album
Also there was an earlier album released by herself titled Cesária which was and LP album released on Discos Mindelo in 1987. Tito Paris was the guitarist, keyboardist and vocals and Luís Morais with the clarinet.
Cover version
The first track Petit Pays which was re-recorded by Nantes-based Hocus Group on their album |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20the%20Equilibrium%20of%20Heterogeneous%20Substances | In the history of thermodynamics, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a 300-page paper written by American chemical physicist Willard Gibbs. It is one of the founding papers in thermodynamics, along with German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz's 1882 paper "Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge." Together they form the foundation of chemical thermodynamics as well as a large part of physical chemistry.
Gibbs's Equilibrium marked the beginning of chemical thermodynamics by integrating chemical, physical, electrical, and electromagnetic phenomena into a coherent system. It introduced concepts such as chemical potential, phase rule, and others, which form the basis for modern physical chemistry. American writer Bill Bryson describes Gibbs's Equilibrium paper as "the Principia of thermodynamics".
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, was originally published in a relatively obscure American journal, the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, in several parts, during the years 1875 to 1878 (although most cite "1876" as the key year). It remained largely unknown until translated into German by Wilhelm Ostwald and into French by Henry Louis Le Châtelier.
Overview
Gibbs first contributed to mathematical physics with two papers published in 1873 in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences on "Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids," and "Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDAC1 | Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC1 gene.
Function
Histone acetylation and deacetylation, catalyzed by multisubunit complexes, play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family and is a component of the histone deacetylase complex. It also interacts with retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein and this complex is a key element in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Together with metastasis-associated protein-2 MTA2, it deacetylates p53 and modulates its effect on cell growth and apoptosis.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of HDAC1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Hdac1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty five tests were carried out and two phenotypes were reported. A reduced number of homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice, and no significant abnormalities were observed in these animals.
Interactions
HDAC1 has been |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkpatrick%E2%80%93Seidel%20algorithm | The Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm, proposed by its authors as a potential "ultimate planar convex hull algorithm", is an algorithm for computing the convex hull of a set of points in the plane, with time complexity, where is the number of input points and is the number of points (non dominated or maximal points, as called in some texts) in the hull. Thus, the algorithm is output-sensitive: its running time depends on both the input size and the output size. Another output-sensitive algorithm, the gift wrapping algorithm, was known much earlier, but the Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm has an asymptotic running time that is significantly smaller and that always improves on the bounds of non-output-sensitive algorithms. The Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm is named after its inventors, David G. Kirkpatrick and Raimund Seidel.
Although the algorithm is asymptotically optimal, it is not very practical for moderate-sized problems.
Algorithm
The basic idea of the algorithm is a kind of reversal of the divide-and-conquer algorithm for convex hulls of Preparata and Hong, dubbed "marriage-before-conquest" by the authors.
The traditional divide-and-conquer algorithm splits the input points into two equal parts, e.g., by a vertical line, recursively finds convex hulls for the left and right subsets of the input, and then merges the two hulls into one by finding the "bridge edges", bitangents that connect the two hulls from above and below.
The Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm splits the in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonairovirus | Orthonairovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Nairoviridae of the order Bunyavirales that include viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. It got its name from the Nairobi sheep disease that affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. The vast majority, and perhaps all viruses in this genus are tick-borne viruses that can have human or other vertebrate hosts.
Structure
The virions for viruses in this genus have a spherical shape. They range in size from about 80–120 nm in diameter, with 50% of their weight attributed to proteins and 20–30% of their weight attributed to lipids. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous, having a length of about 200-300 nm and a width of about 2–2.5 nm.
These nucleocapsids are surrounded by a single envelope that has projections made of glycoproteins protruding from its surface. These projections evenly cover the surface of the virion, and are about 5–10 nm long. They aid in attachment to the host receptor in replication.
Genome
Nairovirus genomes are negative sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is about 17,100–22,800 nucleotides long, and is divided into three segments: large, medium, and small. The large segment is about 11000–14400 nucleotides long (11–14.4 kb), and it encodes the viral polymerase. The medium segment is about 4,400–6,300 nucleotides long (4.4–6.3 kb), and it encodes for glycoproteins G¬n and Gc. The small segment is about 1,700–2,100 nucleotides long (1.7–2.1 kb), and it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifolium | A bifolium is a quartic plane curve with equation in Cartesian coordinates:
Construction and equations
Given a circle C through a point O, and line L tangent to the circle at point O: for each point Q on C, define the point P such that PQ is parallel to the tangent line L, and PQ = OQ. The collection of points P forms the bifolium.
In polar coordinates, the bifolium's equation is
For a = 1, the total included area is approximately 0.10.
References
External links
Bifolium at MathWorld
Plane curves
Algebraic curves |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20hull%20algorithms | Algorithms that construct convex hulls of various objects have a broad range of applications in mathematics and computer science.
In computational geometry, numerous algorithms are proposed for computing the convex hull of a finite set of points, with various computational complexities.
Computing the convex hull means that a non-ambiguous and efficient representation of the required convex shape is constructed. The complexity of the corresponding algorithms is usually estimated in terms of n, the number of input points, and sometimes also in terms of h, the number of points on the convex hull.
Planar case
Consider the general case when the input to the algorithm is a finite unordered set of points on a Cartesian plane. An important special case, in which the points are given in the order of traversal of a simple polygon's boundary, is described later in a separate subsection.
If not all points are on the same line, then their convex hull is a convex polygon whose vertices are some of the points in the input set. Its most common representation is the list of its vertices ordered along its boundary clockwise or counterclockwise. In some applications it is convenient to represent a convex polygon as an intersection of a set of half-planes.
Lower bound on computational complexity
For a finite set of points in the plane, the lower bound on the computational complexity of finding the convex hull represented as a convex polygon is easily shown to be the same as for sorting usi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Marshmallow%20Times | is a manga and a seven cell manga by Lun Lun Yamamoto. They were first published from 2004 to 2006 in the magazines Asahi Shōgakusei Shimbun and Asahi Chūgakusei Weekly (Asahi Shimbun group), and subsequently adapted into anime series. The anime series, consisting of a total 52 episodes, was broadcast every Sunday from April 4, 2004 until March 27, 2005 on the TV Tokyo and TV Osaka in Japan.
The series focuses on 7 children and a sheep-like character who hang out together and work as a team. Each character is depicted with a varying hairstyle and flavor of fashion.
In creating the anime version, Korean Company (KOKO Enterprise, Seoul Movie) and has co-produced with SBS under the name of work in South Korea called "라즈베리 타임즈 (The Raspberry Times)", this version only aired for 25 episodes.
Plot
Sandy, a girl who lives in Marshmallow Town, whose pet is a sheep-like creature named Cloud, and 6 other children—Jasmine, Lime, Basil, Clove, Nuts and Cinnamon—become friends and form a journalism team and adventure their world together.
Characters
Main characters
A girl with orange braided hair who lives with her mother, father and twin brothers. Sandy is a tomboy who is extremely dedicated to her role as editor-in-chief of the Marshmallow Times. Although she can be smart and hard-working, she can also be quite stubborn and has a habit of taking her friends and family for granted, though she does care about them deep down, even if she's not the best at showing it.
A pink-haired g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram%20Burgard | Wolfram Burgard (born 1961 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany) is a German roboticist. He is a full professor at the University of Technology Nuremberg where he heads the Laboratory for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. He is known for his substantial contributions to the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem as well as diverse other contributions to robotics.
Biography
Education
Wolfram Burgard received his Diploma degree from University of Dortmund in 1987 and his Doctorate from the University of Bonn in 1991. His thesis advisor was Armin B. Cremers.
Career
In 1991 he became a research assistant at the University of Bonn, where he led the laboratory for Autonomous Mobile Systems. He was head of the research group that installed the mobile robot Rhino as the first interactive museum tour-guide robot in the Deutsches Museum Bonn, Germany in 1997. In 1998, he and his colleagues deployed the mobile robot Minerva in the National Museum of American History in Washington DC. In 1999, Wolfram Burgard became Professor for Autonomous Intelligent Systems at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. In 2022, he became Professor for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence as well as Founding Chair of the Department Engineering of the University of Technology Nuremberg.
Research
Together with his colleagues, Wolfram Burgard developed numerous probabilistic approaches to mobile robot navigation. This includes Markov localization, a probabilistic approach to mobile localizatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuut | Galuut () is a sum (district) of Bayankhongor Province in southern Mongolia. In 2006, its population was 4,012.
Climate
Galuut has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dwc) with mild summers and severely cold winters. The average minimum temperature in January is , and temperatures as low as have been recorded. Most precipitation falls in the summer as rain, with some snow in the adjacent months of May and September. Winters are very dry.
Famous people
Galuut Sum is the birthplace of Batzorig Vaanchig, a traditional Mongolian musician in the band Khusugtun, as well as a YouTuber
References
Populated places in Mongolia
Districts of Bayankhongor Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20photovoltaic%20power%20stations | The following is a list of photovoltaic power stations that are larger than 300 megawatts (MW) in current net capacity. Most are individual photovoltaic power stations, but some are groups of co-located plants owned by different independent power producers and with separate transformer connections to the grid. Wiki-Solar reports total global capacity of utility-scale photovoltaic plants to be some 96 GWAC which generated 1.3% of global power by the end of 2016.
The size of photovoltaic power stations has increased progressively over the last decade with frequent new capacity records. The 97 MW Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant went online in 2010. Huanghe Hydropower Golmud Solar Park reached 200 MW in 2012. In August 2012, Agua Caliente Solar Project in Arizona reached 247 MW only to be passed by three larger plants in 2013. In 2014, two plants were tied as largest: Topaz Solar Farm, a PV solar plant at 550 MWAC in central coast area and a second 550-MW plant, the Desert Sunlight Solar Farm located in the far eastern desert region of California.
These two plants were superseded by a new world's largest facility in June 2015 when the 579 MWAC Solar Star project went online in the Antelope Valley region of Los Angeles County, California.
Gonghe Talatan Solar Park (in Gonghe County, Qinghai, China) is the largest solar park in 2022 with a capacity of 8,430 MW. It is 609 km2 in area, which is close to the land area of Singapore.
As with other forms of power generation, there a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosity%20%28radiometry%29 | In radiometry, radiosity is the radiant flux leaving (emitted, reflected and transmitted by) a surface per unit area, and spectral radiosity is the radiosity of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiosity is the watt per square metre (), while that of spectral radiosity in frequency is the watt per square metre per hertz (W·m−2·Hz−1) and that of spectral radiosity in wavelength is the watt per square metre per metre (W·m−3)—commonly the watt per square metre per nanometre (). The CGS unit erg per square centimeter per second () is often used in astronomy. Radiosity is often called in branches of physics other than radiometry, but in radiometry this usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity.
Mathematical definitions
Radiosity
Radiosity of a surface, denoted Je ("e" for "energetic", to avoid confusion with photometric quantities), is defined as
where
∂ is the partial derivative symbol
is the radiant flux leaving (emitted, reflected and transmitted)
is the area
is the emitted component of the radiosity of the surface, that is to say its exitance
is the reflected component of the radiosity of the surface
is the transmitted component of the radiosity of the surface
For an opaque surface, the transmitted component of radiosity Je,tr vanishes and only two components remain:
In heat transfer, combining these two factors into one radiosity term helps |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress%20of%20Afrikan%20People | The Congress of Afrikan people (CAP) was a proponent of black nationalism. Active in the 1970s, CAP's ideology was set around Maoist theory and practice. Its activities illustrate fluidity and changing nature of black radicalism in this period. It later became the Revolutionary Communist League (Marxist-Leninist-Mao Tse-tung Thought), led by Amiri Baraka, which merged into the League of Revolutionary Struggle (Marxist-Leninist). When this group split, some of the members went into Freedom Road Socialist Organization.
References
External links
Congress of African Peoples
International organizations based in Africa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic%20DNA | Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated as gDNA) is chromosomal DNA, in contrast to extra-chromosomal DNAs like plasmids. Most organisms have the same genomic DNA in every cell; however, only certain genes are active in each cell to allow for cell function and differentiation within the body.
The genome of an organism (encoded by the genomic DNA) is the (biological) information of heredity which is passed from one generation of organism to the next. That genome is transcribed to produce various RNAs, which are necessary for the function of the organism. Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is transcribed by RNA polymerase II in the nucleus. pre-mRNA is then processed by splicing to remove introns, leaving the exons in the mature messenger RNA (mRNA). Additional processing includes the addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail to the pre-mRNA. The mature mRNA may then be transported to the cytosol and translated by the ribosome into a protein. Other types of RNA include ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). These types are transcribed by RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III, respectively, and are essential for protein synthesis. However 5s rRNA is the only rRNA which is transcribed by RNA Polymerase III.
References
DNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adherence | Adherence, Adherer, and derivative terms may refer to:
Healthcare
Adherence (medicine), the obedience of the patient to the medical advice
Adhesion (medicine), abnormal bands of tissue that grow in the human body
Other uses
Adherent point, mathematical notion, also known as closure point, point of closure or contact point
Adhesion, the tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another
Religious adherence, when people follow a particular religion |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20fluid | Classical fluids are systems of particles which retain a definite volume, and are at sufficiently high temperatures (compared to their Fermi energy) that quantum effects can be neglected. A system of hard spheres, interacting only by hard collisions (e.g., billiards, marbles), is a model classical fluid. Such a system is well described by the Percus–Yevik equation. Common liquids, e.g., liquid air, gasoline etc., are essentially mixtures of classical fluids. Electrolytes, molten salts, salts dissolved in water, are classical charged fluids. A classical fluid when cooled undergoes a freezing transition. On heating it undergoes an evaporation transition and becomes a classical gas that obeys Boltzmann statistics.
A system of charged classical particles moving in a uniform positive neutralizing background is known as a one-component plasma (OCP). This is well described by the Hyper-netted chain equation (see CHNC).
An essentially very accurate way of determining the properties of classical fluids is provided by the method of molecular dynamics.
An electron gas confined in a metal is not a classical fluid, whereas a very high-temperature plasma of electrons could behave as a classical fluid. Such non-classical Fermi systems, i.e., quantum fluids, can be studied using quantum Monte Carlo methods, Feynman path integral equation methods, and approximately via CHNC integral-equation methods.
See also
Bose–Einstein condensate
Fermi liquid
Many-body theory
Quantum fluid
Reference |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appell%27s%20equation%20of%20motion | In classical mechanics, Appell's equation of motion (aka the Gibbs–Appell equation of motion) is an alternative general formulation of classical mechanics described by Josiah Willard Gibbs in 1879 and Paul Émile Appell in 1900.
Statement
The Gibbs-Appell equation reads
where is an arbitrary generalized acceleration, or the second time derivative of the generalized coordinates , and is its corresponding generalized force. The generalized force gives the work done
where the index runs over the generalized coordinates , which usually correspond to the degrees of freedom of the system. The function is defined as the mass-weighted sum of the particle accelerations squared,
where the index runs over the particles, and
is the acceleration of the -th particle, the second time derivative of its position vector . Each is expressed in terms of generalized coordinates, and is expressed in terms of the generalized accelerations.
Relations to other formulations of classical mechanics
Appell's formulation does not introduce any new physics to classical mechanics and as such is equivalent to other reformulations of classical mechanics, such as Lagrangian mechanics, and Hamiltonian mechanics. All classical mechanics is contained within Newton's laws of motion. In some cases, Appell's equation of motion may be more convenient than the commonly used Lagrangian mechanics, particularly when nonholonomic constraints are involved. In fact, Appell's equation leads directly to Lagr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-Laplace%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the log-Laplace distribution is the probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm has a Laplace distribution. If X has a Laplace distribution with parameters μ and b, then Y = eX has a log-Laplace distribution. The distributional properties can be derived from the Laplace distribution.
Characterization
A random variable has a log-Laplace(μ, b) distribution if its probability density function is:
The cumulative distribution function for Y when y > 0, is
Generalization
Versions of the log-Laplace distribution based on an asymmetric Laplace distribution also exist. Depending on the parameters, including asymmetry, the log-Laplace may or may not have a finite mean and a finite variance.
References
External links
Continuous distributions
Probability distributions with non-finite variance
Non-Newtonian calculus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20theorem%20%28differential%20geometry%29 | In differential geometry, Hilbert's theorem (1901) states that there exists no complete regular surface of constant negative gaussian curvature immersed in . This theorem answers the question for the negative case of which surfaces in can be obtained by isometrically immersing complete manifolds with constant curvature.
History
Hilbert's theorem was first treated by David Hilbert in "Über Flächen von konstanter Krümmung" (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 2 (1901), 87–99).
A different proof was given shortly after by E. Holmgren in "Sur les surfaces à courbure constante négative" (1902).
A far-leading generalization was obtained by Nikolai Efimov in 1975.
Proof
The proof of Hilbert's theorem is elaborate and requires several lemmas. The idea is to show the nonexistence of an isometric immersion
of a plane to the real space . This proof is basically the same as in Hilbert's paper, although based in the books of Do Carmo and Spivak.
Observations: In order to have a more manageable treatment, but without loss of generality, the curvature may be considered equal to minus one, . There is no loss of generality, since it is being dealt with constant curvatures, and similarities of multiply by a constant. The exponential map is a local diffeomorphism (in fact a covering map, by Cartan-Hadamard theorem), therefore, it induces an inner product in the tangent space of at : . Furthermore, denotes the geometric surface with this inner product. If is an isometric immersion, the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACRV | The acronym ACRV may refer to:
Crew Return Vehicle (or Assured Crew Return Vehicle)
Armoured command and reconnaissance vehicle, the NATO name for artillery fire-control derivatives of the Soviet MT-LBu
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies of the right ventricle ( also known as Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia)
The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, an Australian robotics research group with nodes at Queensland University of Technology, The University of Adelaide, Monash University, and the Australian National University |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Yours%20%28Crystal%20Kay%20album%29 | All Yours is the seventh studio album by the Japanese singer Crystal Kay, released by Epic Records Japan, on June 20, 2007.
First editions included a DVD section, with the three music videos from the album's singles, as well as "Konna ni Chikaku de..." performed live for a special Nodame orchestra concert at the Tokyo International Forum on February 28, 2007. All Yours was re-released as a "Winter Special Package" in November 2007 with a new cover.
It is her only number-one album and has been certified gold by the RIAJ for shipments of over 100,000 copies in Japan.
Track listing
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2007 albums
Crystal Kay albums
Epic Records albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin%20diglucuronide | Bilirubin di-glucuronide is a conjugated form of bilirubin formed in bilirubin metabolism. The hydrophilic character of bilirubin diglucuronide enables it to be water-soluble. It is pumped across the hepatic canalicular membrane into the bile by the transporter MRP2.
See also
Bilirubin mono-glucuronide
References
Metabolism |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostafa%20Ronaghi | Mostafa Ronaghi (; born 1968) is an Iranian molecular biologist, specializing in DNA sequencing methodology. He earned his Ph.D. from the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden in 1998.
, he is the Chief Technology Officer and Senior Vice President at Illumina. Prior to this position, he was a principal investigator and Senior Research Associate at the Stanford Genome Technology Center at Stanford University, focusing on developing analytical techniques for molecular diagnostics.
He is principal investigator for several grants including grants from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health for the development of array-based Pyrosequencing.
In 1998, he described together with Pål Nyren and Mathias Uhlen a solution-based variant of the pyrosequencing technology and co-founded Pyrosequencing AB (renamed to Biotage in 2003). He co-invented Molecular Inversion Probe assay and co-founded ParAllele BioScience to develop this multiplexed technology for genetic testing. ParAllele was acquired by Affymetrix in May 2005.
In 2005, he co-founded NextBio, a search engine for life science data that was acquired by Illumina in 2013. He also serves on the board of directors of IntegenX and Aurora Biofuels. In 2008, Ronaghi and Helmy Eltoukhy co-founded Avantome, a DNA sequencing company that was acquired by Illumina in July 2008.
Publications
Among his approximately 50 peer-reviewed journal articles are the publications describing Pyr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutag-%C3%96nd%C3%B6r | Khutag-Öndör () is a sum (district) of Bulgan Province in northern Mongolia. In 2009, its population was 4,591.
Climate
Khutag-Öndör has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwb) with warm summers and severely cold winters. Most precipitation falls in the summer as rain, with some snow in the adjacent months of May and September. Winters are very dry.
References
External links
Districts of Bulgan Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce%20View | Spruce View is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Red Deer County. It is located on Highway 54, approximately west of Innisfail. Spruce View is also recognized by Statistics Canada as a designated place.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Spruce View had a population of 138 living in 64 of its 73 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 175. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Spruce View had a population of 175 living in 73 of its 84 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 163. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of designated places in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
Designated places in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta
Red Deer County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakanae | or bakanae disease (, , ), from the Japanese for "foolish seedling", is a disease that infects rice plants. It is caused by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, the metabolism of which produces a surplus of gibberellic acid. In the plant, this acts as a growth hormone, causing hypertrophy. The affected plants, which are visibly etiolated (long and weak stems), chlorotic (lacking chlorophyll), and which are at best infertile with empty panicles, producing no edible grains; at worst, they are incapable of supporting their own weight, topple over, and die (hence "foolish seedling disease").
The earliest known report of bakanae is from 1828; it was first described scientifically in 1898 by Japanese researcher Shotaro Hori, who showed that the causative agent was fungal.
The fungus affects rice crops in Asia, Africa, and North America. In epidemic cases yield losses may reach up to 20% or more. A 2003 publication from the International Rice Research Institute estimated that outbreaks of bakanae caused crop losses that were 20% to 50% in Japan, 15% in Thailand and 3.7% in India.
References
External links
The "Bakanae" Disease
Rice diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longley%E2%80%93Rice%20model | The Longley–Rice model (LR) is a radio propagation model: a method for predicting the attenuation of radio signals for a telecommunication link in the frequency range of 40 MHz to 100 GHz.
Longley-Rice is also known as the irregular terrain model (ITM). It was created by scientists Anita Longley and Phil Rice of the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (then part of the Environmental Science Services Administration) in Boulder, Colorado for the needs of frequency planning in television broadcasting in the United States in the 1960s. The model was extensively used for preparing the tables of channel allocations for VHF/UHF broadcasting there. LR has two parts: a model for predictions over an area and a model for point-to-point link predictions.
Publications
A description of the method was published by the U.S. government under the title "Prediction of Tropospheric Radio Transmission Loss Over Irregular Terrain: A Computer Method - 1968", A. G. Longley and P. L. Rice, NTIA Tech. Rep. ERL 79-ITS 67, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, July 1968. This document followed on an earlier publication titled "Transmission loss predictions for tropospheric communication circuits", P.L. Rice, Volume I & II, National Bureau of Standards, Tech. Note 101.
The Longley–Rice model was proposed for frequencies between 20 MHz and 20 GHz for different scenarios and different heights of transmitting and receiving antennas. The model presents a generalization of the received si |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acevedo%20Municipality%2C%20Miranda | Acevedo is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 88,289. The town of Caucagua is the municipal seat of the Acevedo Municipality.
Demographics
The Acevedo Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 88,289 (up from 75,868 in 2000). This amounts to 3.1% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Acevedo Municipality is Juan José Aponte Mijares, elected on October 31, 2004, with 47% of the vote. He replaced Vicente Apicella shortly after the elections. The municipality is divided into eight parishes; Caucagua, Aragüita, Arévalo González, Capaya, El Café, Marizapa, Panaquire, and Ribas.
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bri%C3%B3n%20Municipality%2C%20Miranda | Brion is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 56,699. The town of Higuerote is the municipal seat of the Brion Municipality.
Demographics
The Brion Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 56,699 (up from 48,976 in 2000). This amounts to 2% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is 171.8 people per square mile (106.78/km2).
Government
The mayor of the municipality is Liliana Coromoto Gonzalez Guachi chosen on November 23, 2008, triumphing with 48% of the votes and his her opponent Raimundo Teran with 40% and volume posecion on December 1, 2008, defeating Raúl Ceballos.
Mayors of the municipality and political organizations which have governed (1989 onwards)
Manuel González: (1989-1992) COPEI (Committee of Political Electoral Independent Organization)
Domingo Palacios: (1992-2000) (Independent)
Ramón Ramos: (2000-2004) COPEI-Electors of Miranda
Raúl Ceballos: (2004-2008) PPT (Motherland For All)-PSUV (United Socialist Party of Venezuela)
Liliana González: (2008) PSUV (United Socialist party of Venezuela)
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrizal%20Municipality | Carrizal is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 52,224. The town of Carrizal is the municipal seat of the Carrizal Municipality.
Demographics
The Carrizal Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 52,224 (up from 44,431 in 2000). This amounts to 1.8% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
Since 2017, the mayor of the city is Farith Fraija, after winning the municipal elections widely against José Luis Rodríguez, who ruled the municipality after replacing Orlando Urdaneta in 2002, shortly after a special election.
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buroz%20Municipality | Buroz is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 25,755. The town of Mamporal is the municipal seat of the Buroz Municipality.
Demographics
The Buroz Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 25,755 (up from 21,624 in 2000). This amounts to 0.9% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Buroz Municipality is Ramón Gómez Serrano, re-elected on October 31, 2004, with 68% of the vote. The municipality is divided into one parish (Mamporal).
References
External links
buroz-miranda.gob.ve]
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20Bello%20Municipality%2C%20Miranda | Andrés Bello is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 25,208. The town of San José de Barlovento is the shire town of the Andrés Bello Municipality. The municipality is one of a number in Venezuela named "Andrés Bello Municipality", in honour of the writer Andrés Bello.
Demographics
The Andrés Bello Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 25,208 (up from 21,725 in 2000). This amounts to 0.9% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Andrés Bello Municipality is Albaro Ramón Hidalgo Rudas, elected on October 31, 2004, with 50% of the vote. He replaced Ramon Lobo shortly after the elections. The municipality is divided into two parishes; San José de Barlovento and Cumbo.
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal%20Rojas%20Municipality | Cristóbal Rojas is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 96,369. The town of Charallave is the municipal seat of the Cristóbal Rojas Municipality. The municipality is named for Venezuelan painter Cristóbal Rojas.
Demographics
The Cristóbal Rojas Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 96,369 (up from 83,568 in 2000). This amounts to 3.4% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Cristóbal Rojas Municipality is Marisela Mendoza de Brito, re-elected on October 31, 2004, with 49% of the vote. The municipality is divided into two parishes; Charallave and Las Brisas.
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaicaipuro%20Municipality | Guaicaipuro is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 280,687. The town of Los Teques is the municipal seat of the Guaicaipuro Municipality. The municipality is named for the sixteenth century cacique Guaicaipuro.
History
The city of Los Teques was founded in 1777 and was named after the Aractoeques Carabs, an indigenous tribe that once inhabited the area. On February 13, 1927, the capital of Miranda was moved to this city from Petare (before being in Petare, the capital of Miranda was in Ocumare del Tuy).
Geography
Temperature: Varies from 18 and 26 degrees Celsius.
Demographics
The Guaicaipuro Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 280,687 (up from 240,731 in 2000). This amounts to 9.8% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Guaicaipuro Municipality is Francisco Garcés, elected on December 8, 2013, with 52% of the vote. The municipality is divided into seven parishes; Los Teques, Altagracia de La Montaña, Cecilio Acosta, El Jarillo, Paracotos, San Pedro, and Tácata.
Transportation
On November 3, 2006, President Hugo Chávez inaugurated the Los Teques Metro. This metro system is connected to the Caracas Metro.
References
Municipalities o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencia%20Municipality%2C%20Miranda | Independencia is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 160,899. The town of Santa Teresa del Tuy is the municipal seat of the Independencia Municipality.
Demographics
The Independencia Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 160,899 (up from 137,469 in 2000). This amounts to 5.6% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Independencia Municipality is Wilmer Salazar, re-elected on October 31, 2004, with 50% of the vote. The municipality is divided into two parishes; Santa Teresa del Tuy and El Cartanal.
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lander%20Municipality | Lander is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 135,739. The town of Ocumare del Tuy is the municipal seat of the Lander Municipality.
Demographics
The Lander Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 135,739 (up from 117,819 in 2000). This amounts to 4.7% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Lander Municipality is José Gregorio Arvelo, elected on October 31, 2004, with 53% of the vote. He replaced Manuel Garcia shortly after the elections. The municipality is divided into three parishes; Ocumare del Tuy, La Democracia, and Santa Bárbara.
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ez%20Municipality%2C%20Miranda | Páez is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 39,097. The town of Río Chico is the municipal seat of the Páez Municipality.
Name
The municipality is one of several in Venezuela named "Páez Municipality" for independence hero José Antonio Páez.
Demographics
The Páez Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 39,097 (up from 33,259 in 2000). This amounts to 1.4% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Páez Municipality is Emilio Ruiz, re-elected on October 31, 2004, with 39% of the vote. The municipality is divided into five parishes; Río Chico, El Guapo, Tacarigua de La Laguna, Paparo, and San Fernando del Guapo.
References
External links
paez-miranda.gob.ve
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Gual%20Municipality | Pedro Gual is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 22,579. The town of Cúpira is the municipal seat of the Pedro Gual Municipality. The municipality is named for 19th century Venezuelan President Pedro Gual Escandón.
Demographics
The Pedro Gual Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 22,579 (up from 19,379 in 2000). This amounts to 0.8% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Pedro Gual Municipality is Manuel Alvarez, elected on October 31, 2004, with 47% of the vote. He replaced Lenis Landaeta shortly after the elections. The municipality is divided into two parishes; Cúpira and Machurucuto.
References
External links
pedrogual-miranda.gob.ve
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza%20Municipality | Plaza is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2016 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 238,750. The city of Guarenas is the administrative centre of the Plaza Municipality.
History
The city of Guarenas was established in 1621 as Nuestra Señora de Copacabana de los Guarenas. On February 27, 1989, a morning protest in this city over the recent nationwide hike in bus fares, spread to Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, which resulted in several days of rioting known today as the Caracazo. Today, Guarenas has virtually merged with its neighbor, Guatire.
The Curupao Power Plant, which was inaugurated in 1933, still provides electricity to Guarenas and Guatire.
Demographics
The Plaza Municipality, according to a 2016 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 238,750 (up from 203,590 in 2000). This amounts to 8.3% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is .
Government
The mayor of the Plaza Municipality is Willian Eduardo Páez Sosa, re-elected on October 31, 2004, with 41% of the vote. The municipality is divided into one parish (Guarenas).
References
Municipalities of Miranda (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenEpi | OpenEpi is a free, web-based, open source, operating system-independent series of programs for use in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health, and medicine, providing a number of epidemiologic and statistical tools for summary data. OpenEpi was developed in JavaScript and HTML, and can be run in modern web browsers. The program can be run from the OpenEpi website or downloaded and run without a web connection. The source code and documentation is downloadable and freely available for use by other investigators. OpenEpi has been reviewed, both by media organizations and in research journals.
The OpenEpi developers have had extensive experience in the development and testing of Epi Info, a program developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and widely used around the world for data entry and analysis. OpenEpi was developed to perform analyses found in the DOS version of Epi Info modules StatCalc and EpiTable, to improve upon the types of analyses provided by these modules, and to provide a number of tools and calculations not currently available in Epi Info. It is the first step toward an entirely web-based set of epidemiologic software tools. OpenEpi can be thought of as an important companion to Epi Info and to other programs such as SAS, PSPP, SPSS, Stata, SYSTAT, Minitab, Epidata, and R (see the R programming language). Another functionally similar Windows-based program is Winpepi. See also list of statistical packages and comparison of statisti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%28IV%29%20iodide | Tin(IV) iodide, also known as stannic iodide, is the chemical compound with the formula SnI4. This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as benzene.
Preparation
The compound is usually prepared by the reaction of iodine and tin:
Chemical properties
The compound hydrolyses in water. In aqueous hydroiodic acid, it reacts to form a rare example of a hexaiodometallate:
SnI4 + 2 I− → [SnI6]2−
Physical properties
Tin(IV) iodide is an orange solid under standard conditions. It has a cubic crystal structure with the space group Pa (space group no. 205), the lattice parameter a = 1226 pm and eight formula units per unit cell. This corresponds approximately to a cubic close packing of iodine atoms in which 1/8 of all tetrahedral gaps are occupied by tin atoms. This leads to discrete tetrahedral SnI4 molecules.
See also
Tin(II) iodide
Tin(IV) chloride
References
Tin(IV) compounds
Iodides
Metal halides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonless%20pump | A pistonless pump is a type of pump designed to move fluids without any moving parts other than three chamber valves.
The pump contains a chamber which has a valved inlet from the fluid to be pumped, a valved outlet – both of these at the bottom of the pump, and a pressurant inlet at the top of the pump. A pressurant is used, such as steam or pressurized helium, to drive the fluid through the pump.
Introduction
NASA have developed a low-cost rocket-fuel pump which has comparable performance to a turbopump at 80–90% lower cost. Perhaps the most difficult barrier to entry in the liquid rocket business is the turbopump. A turbopump design requires a large engineering effort and is expensive to manufacture and test. Starting a turbopump-fed rocket engine is a complex process, requiring a careful synchronisation of many valves and subsystems. In fact, Beal aerospace tried to avoid the issue entirely by building a huge pressure feed booster. Their booster never flew, but the engineering behind it was sound and, if they had a low cost pump at their disposal, they might be competing against Boeing. This pump saves up to 90% of the mass of the tanks as compared to a pressure-fed system. This pump has really proved to be a boon for rockets. By using this pump, the rocket does not have to carry such a heavy load and can travel with very high speed.
Working cycle
The cycle is as follows:
The fluid enters and fills the chamber from the inlet valve. The outlet and pressurant valves a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Redondo | Manuel Redondo García (born 11 January 1985 in Seville, Andalusia) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left-back.
Career statistics
Honours
Sevilla B
Segunda División B: 2006–07
Sevilla
Copa del Rey: 2009–10
Oviedo
Segunda División B: 2014–15
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Seville
Men's association football defenders
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Sevilla FC C players
Sevilla Atlético players
Sevilla FC players
SD Ponferradina players
CE Sabadell FC footballers
Xerez CD footballers
Real Oviedo players
Coria CF players
Manuel Redondo
Cypriot First Division players
Doxa Katokopias FC players
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20drive | Molecular drive is a term coined by Gabriel Dover in 1982 to describe evolutionary processes that change the genetic composition of a population through DNA turnover mechanisms. Molecular drive operates independently of natural selection and genetic drift.
The best-known such process is the concerted evolution of genes present in many tandem copies, such as those for ribosomal RNAs or silk moth egg shell chorion proteins, in sexually reproducing species. The concept has been proposed to extend to the diversification of multigene families. The mechanisms involved include gene conversion, unequal crossing-over, transposition, slippage replication and RNA-mediated exchanges. Because mutations changing the sequence of one copy are less common than deletions, duplications and replacement of one copy by another, the copies gradually come to resemble each other much more than they would if they had been evolving independently.
Concerted evolution can be unbiased, in which case every version has an equal probability of being the one that replaces the others. However, if the molecular events have any bias favouring one version of the sequence over others, that version will dominate the process and eventually replace the others. The name 'molecular drive' reflects the similarity of the process with what was originally the better-known process of meiotic drive.
Molecular drive can also act in bacteria, where parasexual processes such as natural transformation cause DNA turnover.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monilinia%20fructigena | Monilinia fructigena is a plant pathogen in the fungus kingdom causing a fruit rot of apples, pears, plums, peaches and cherries.
Classification
Three Monilinia species cause brown rot of fruit (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena); Monilinia fructigena is found most commonly to cause brown rot in fruits of the Pome family and Rosaceae family. The genus Monilinia could be viewed as divided into two sections, Disjunctoriae and Junctoriae; M. fructigena belongs to Junctoriae. These ‘sections’ are the resulting attempt to further differentiate Monilinia into two separate classifications based on morphology, the specialization of the pathogens’ hosts, and the biological process of infection. Belonging to the section Junctoriae entails possessing no disjunctor cells in between the mature spores contained in the conidial chains. Differentiation in the laboratory of the three main Monilinia species can be quite difficult. In a report by De Cal and Melgarejo, it was demonstrated that the species can be differentiated through altering the light exposure to a long-wave UV light and dark cycle. Monilinia fructigena and Monilinia fructicola can be recognized from Monilinia laxa in this experiment, as M. laxa possesses a noticeably short distance from the conidia to the first germ tube branch. Furthermore, M. fructigena and M. fructicola can be individually distinguishable through measuring the maximum diametric growth rate of the culture. The maximum growth rate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphotoxin%20beta%20receptor | Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTBR), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3 (TNFRSF3), is a cell surface receptor for lymphotoxin involved in apoptosis and cytokine release. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of receptors. It is expressed on the surface of most cell types, including cells of epithelial and myeloid lineages, but not on T and B lymphocytes. The protein specifically binds the lymphotoxin membrane form (a complex of lymphotoxin-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta). The encoded protein and its ligand play a role in the development and organization of lymphoid tissue and transformed cells. Activation of the encoded protein can trigger apoptosis.
Not only does the LTBR help trigger apoptosis, it can lead to the release of the cytokine interleukin 8. Overexpression of LTBR in HEK293 cells increases IL-8 promoter activity and leads to IL-8 release. LTBR is also essential for development and organization of the secondary lymphoid organs and chemokine release.
Structure
The Ramachandran plots show that 64.6% of all residues were in a favored region.
This structure was found using X-ray diffraction. The resolution is 3.50 angstroms.
The alpha and beta angles are 90 degrees while the gamma angle is 120 degrees.
Interactions
Lymphotoxin beta receptor has been shown to interact with Diablo homolog and TRAF3.
References
Furth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidisestablishmetabolism | Antidisestablishmetabolism is the first album released by the hip hop group Heiruspecs. It was released in 2000 under Interlock records. Some tracks were recorded live. The album's title is a play on the word "antidisestablishmentarianism".
Track listing
Kung fu
State of the Union
If you like this
I Write raps
Pauses
Life as a Superhero
Progressional skill
Have you ever Wondered?
Bon Apetit Headcheck
Hey yo
Felix and Twinkie Jiggles
Relax
Band Intros
Still Rappin'
Stardust
Connect
All that Scratchin
Live band
Gettin' Faster
Song #3
Craig the white Nubian
References
2000 debut albums
Heiruspecs albums |
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