source stringlengths 32 209 | text stringlengths 18 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20B.%20Purcell%20Jr. | Graham Boynton Purcell Jr. (May 5, 1919 – June 11, 2011), was a United States representative from Texas' 13th congressional district.
Born in Archer City in Archer County, a part of the Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area, Purcell attended public schools and received his Bachelor of Science from the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas in 1946, and his LL.B. in 1949 from Baylor Law School in Waco, Texas.
Purcell served in the United States Army during World War II from 1941 to 1946 and served thereafter in the United States Army Reserve.
He served as judge of the Eighty-ninth Judicial District Court of Texas from 1955 to 1962. He was a delegate to the 1960 and 1964 Democratic national conventions, which met in Los Angeles and Atlantic City, New Jersey, respectively to nominate the Kennedy-Johnson and the Johnson-Humphrey tickets, both of which prevailed in Texas.
Purcell was elected to the Eighty-seventh Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of fellow Democrat, Representative Frank N. Ikard. He was reelected to the five succeeding congresses (January 27, 1962 – January 3, 1973). In 1966, when John Tower won his second term as U. S. senator, Purcell defeated the Republican Dillard Carlisle "Bunny" Norwood (1913-1993) of Wichita Falls.
On November 22, 1963, Purcell was riding in the motorcade's third vehicle behind U.S. President Kennedy during the assassination in Dallas, Texas.
Although Texas gained a seat as a resul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenna%E2%80%93Matthews%E2%80%93Olson%20complex | The Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) complex is a water-soluble complex and was the first pigment-protein complex (PPC) to be structure analyzed by x-ray spectroscopy. It appears in green sulfur bacteria and mediates the excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting chlorosomes to the membrane-embedded bacterial reaction center (bRC). Its structure is trimeric (C3-symmetry). Each of the three monomers contains eight bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) molecules. They are bound to the protein scaffold via chelation of their central magnesium atom either to amino acids of the protein (mostly histidine) or water-bridged oxygen atoms (only one BChl a of each monomer).
Since the structure is available, calculating structure-based optical spectra is possible for comparison with experimental optical spectra. In the simplest case only the excitonic coupling of the BChls is taken into account. More realistic theories consider pigment-protein coupling. An important property is the local transition energy (site energy) of the BChls, different for each, due to their individual local protein environment. The site energies of the BChls determine the direction of the energy flow.
Some structural information on the FMO-RC super complex is available, which was obtained by electron microscopy and linear dichroism spectra measured on FMO trimers and FMO-RC complexes. From these measurements, two orientations of the FMO complex relative to the RC are possible. The orientation with BChl 3 and 4 close t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine%20kinase%202 | Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TYK2 gene.
TYK2 was the first member of the JAK family that was described (the other members are JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3). It has been implicated in IFN-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 signaling.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine kinase and, to be more specific, the Janus kinases (JAKs) protein families. This protein associates with the cytoplasmic domain of type I and type II cytokine receptors and promulgate cytokine signals by phosphorylating receptor subunits. It is also component of both the type I and type III interferon signaling pathways. As such, it may play a role in anti-viral immunity.
Cytokines play pivotal roles in immunity and inflammation by regulating the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of immune cells, as well as cells from other organ systems. Hence, targeting cytokines and their receptors is an effective means of treating such disorders. Type I and II cytokine receptors associate with Janus family kinases (JAKs) to affect intracellular signaling. Cytokines including interleukins, interferons and hemopoietins activate the Janus kinases, which associate with their cognate receptors.
The mammalian JAK family has four members: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). The connection between Jaks and cytokine signaling was first revealed when a screen for genes involved in interferon type I (IFN-1) signaling identified TYK2 as an es |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus%20kinase%203 | Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 is a tyrosine kinase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the JAK3 gene.
Janus kinases
Janus kinase 3 is a tyrosine kinase that belongs to the janus family of kinases. Other members of the Janus family include JAK1, JAK2 and TYK2. Janus kinases (JAKs) are relatively large kinases of approximately 1150 amino acids with apparent molecular weights of 120-130 kDa. They are cytosolic tyrosine kinases that are specifically associated with cytokine receptors. Since cytokine receptor proteins lack enzymatic activity, they are dependent upon JAKs to initiate signaling upon binding of their ligands (e.g. cytokines). The cytokine receptors can be divided into five major subgroups based on their different domains and activation motifs. JAK3 is required for signaling of the type I receptors that use the common gamma chain (γc).Studies suggest Jak3 plays essential roles in immune and nonimmune cell physiology. Epithelial Jak3 is important for the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell survival, cell growth, development, and differentiation. Growth factors and cytokines produced by the cells of hematopoietic origin use Jak kinases for signal transduction in both immune and nonimmune cells. Among Jaks, Jak3 is widely expressed in both immune cells and in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of both humans and mice. Mutations that abrogate Jak3 functions cause an autosomal severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) while activating Jak3 mutati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus%20kinase%201 | JAK1 is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for certain type I and type II cytokines. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of type I cytokine receptors, to elicit signals from the IL-2 receptor family (e.g. IL-2R, IL-7R, IL-9R and IL-15R), the IL-4 receptor family (e.g. IL-4R and IL-13R), the gp130 receptor family (e.g. IL-6R, IL-11R, LIF-R, OSM-R, cardiotrophin-1 receptor (CT-1R), ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTF-R), neurotrophin-1 receptor (NNT-1R) and Leptin-R). It is also important for transducing a signal by type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons, and members of the IL-10 family via type II cytokine receptors. Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. Loss of Jak1 is lethal in neonatal mice, possibly due to difficulties suckling. Expression of JAK1 in cancer cells enables individual cells to contract, potentially allowing them to escape their tumor and metastasize to other parts of the body.
Interactions
Janus kinase 1 has been shown to interact with:
ELP2,
GNB2L1
IL6ST,
Grb2,
IL2RB,
IRS1,
IL10RA,
PTPN11,
STAM2,
STAT3,
STAT5A,
STAT5B, and
TNFRSF1A.
See also
Janus kinase inhibitor
References
Further reading
External links
Tyrosine kinases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnifico%20%28film%29 | Magnifico is a 2003 Filipino drama film written by Michiko Yamamoto and directed by Maryo J. de los Reyes. The film stars Jiro Manio, Lorna Tolentino, Albert Martinez, and Gloria Romero.
The film was released by Violett Film Productions and it received mixed-to-positive reviews from film critics and acclaim from various international film festivals.
Plot
In a small town located in the province of Laguna, one special boy changes the lives of everyone he meets. Known to all as Magnifico, his nickname is Ikoy, a child of an impoverished family. His father works odd jobs, his elder brother (Miong) has lost his academic scholarship, and his mother spends her days caring for both Helen, a young daughter, who suffers from cerebral palsy, and for her husband's aging mother, who lives upstairs in the family home and has diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Magnifico is a sweet and well-intentioned boy, who is often berated by his father for his stupidity, an unkind assessment for a child who is considerably more clever than anyone gives him credit for.
Magnifico's world is filled with a cast of characters in need of his special gifts of hope, determination, and love. There's the grief-stricken man who mourns for his mother; two feuding shop owners; the crabby old woman who runs the mortuary; his elder brother, who has a crush on a wealthy girl; his little sister, who wants to get out and experience the world but cannot walk; and even his own ailing grandmother, who worries that the fami |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETV6 | ETV6 (i.e. translocation-Ets-leukemia virus) protein is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ETV6 (previously known as TEL) gene. The ETV6 protein regulates the development and growth of diverse cell types, particularly those of hematological tissues. However, its gene, ETV6 frequently suffers various mutations that lead to an array of potentially lethal cancers, i.e., ETV6 is a clinically significant proto-oncogene in that it can fuse with other genes to drive the development and/or progression of certain cancers. However, ETV6 is also an anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in that mutations in it that encode for a truncated and therefore inactive protein are also associated with certain types of cancers.
Gene
The human ETV6 gene is located at position "13.2" on the short (i.e. "p") arm of chromosome 12, i.e. its notated position is 12p13.2. The gene has 8 exons and two start codons, one located at exon 1 at the start of the gene and an alternative located upstream of exon 3. ETV6 codes for a full length protein consisting of 452 amino acids; the gene is expressed in virtually all cell types and tissues. Mice depleted of the ETV6 gene by Gene knockout die between day 10.5 and 11.5 of embryonic life with defective yolk sac angiogenesis and extensive losses in mesenchymal and neural cells due to apoptosis. Other genetic manipulation studies in mice indicate that the gene is required for the development and maintenance of bone marrow-based blood cell for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnet%20theorem | In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the fundamental theorem of surface theory deals with the problem of prescribing the geometric data of a submanifold of Euclidean space. Originally proved by Pierre Ossian Bonnet in 1867, it has since been extended to higher dimensions and non-Euclidean contexts.
Bonnet's theorem
Any surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space has a first and second fundamental form, which automatically are interrelated by the Gauss–Codazzi equations. Bonnet's theorem asserts a local converse to this result.
Given an open region in , let and be symmetric 2-tensors on , with additionally required to be positive-definite. If these are smooth and satisfy the Gauss–Codazzi equations, then Bonnet's theorem says that is covered by open sets which can be smoothly embedded into with first fundamental form and second fundamental form (relative to one of the two choices of unit normal vector field) . Furthermore, each of these embeddings is uniquely determined up to a rigid motion of .
Bonnet's theorem is a corollary of the Frobenius theorem, upon viewing the Gauss–Codazzi equations as a system of first-order partial differential equations for the two coordinate derivatives of the position vector of an embedding, together with the normal vector.
General formulations
Bonnet's theorem can be naturally formulated for hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space of any dimension, and the result remains true in this context. Furthermore, the theorem can b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20S.%20Harris | James S. Harris is a scientist and engineer and fellow of IEEE, American Physical Society and Optical Society of America. His research primarily deals with optoelectronic devices and semiconductor material research.
Since 1982, he is the James and Elenor Chesebrough Professor of Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics and Material Science at Stanford University.
Harris was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2011 for contributions to epitaxial growth of compound semiconductor materials and their applications.
Education
Harris completed his BS (1964), MS (1965), and PhD (1969) – all in electrical engineering – from Stanford University.
Career
Prior to joining the Stanford department of electrical engineering in 1982, James Harris was with Rockwell International Science Center, where he held various positions from technical staff member to director optoelectronics research.
Research
Harris’ research interests are in the areas of new electronic and optoelectronic device structures created by heterojunctions, quantum wells, superlattices and nanostructured materials. He has carried out research on novel semiconductor materials and their growth at atomic level dimensions for the past 50 years.
Harris has been issued approximately 37 patents as of this publication (2019).
Awards
1988 IEEE Fellow
1992 American Physical Society Fellow
2005 Optical Society of America Fellow
2000 IEEE Third Millennium Medal
2000 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20Outcomes%20Framework | Canada's Biodiversity Outcomes Framework was approved by Ministers responsible for Environment, Forests, Parks, Fisheries and Aquaculture, and Wildlife in October 2006. It has been developed further to the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, an implementation measure required under Article 6 of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
Criticism of the Framework
The Framework has been developed from the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, which has been criticized as having a tendency to focus on species and to assign less importance to other scales of biodiversity from the genetic to the ecosystem level.
See also
Criticisms of the biodiversity paradigm
References
External links
Convention on Biological Diversity
Biodiversity Convention Office
Environment Canada
Ecology organizations
Environment and Climate Change Canada
Convention on Biological Diversity |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20Convention%20Office | Canada's Biodiversity Convention Office (BCO) serves as National Focal Point for the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy. BCO also provides a leadership role in the Biodiversity Conservation Working Group of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation and in the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) working group of the Arctic Council.
The BCO was established by Environment Canada in September 1991 to coordinate Canadian involvement in the negotiations of the Convention. Following Canada's ratification of the Convention in December 1992, attention shifted to development of a Canadian response. Under the guidance of the BCO, a Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group was charged by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment with developing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy. In 1996, all jurisdictions signed a statement of commitment to use the Strategy as a guide to implementing the Convention in Canada. In 2005, Ministers instructed the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group to develop a corresponding outcomes-based framework for guiding and monitoring implementation of the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy. This Biodiversity Outcomes Framework was approved by Ministers responsible for Environment, Forests, Parks, Fisheries and Aquaculture, and Wildlife in October 2006.
The BCO plays a policy coordinating, catalysing and facilitating role in national efforts to define Canada's response to the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Biodiversity%20Strategy | The Canadian Biodiversity Strategy has been prepared in response to Canada's obligations as a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The Strategy has been developed as a guide to the implementation of the Biodiversity Convention in Canada.
Recognition of the worldwide impact of the decline of biodiversity inspired the global community to negotiate the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The Canadian delegation participated in the negotiations, the Prime Minister signed the Convention at the Earth Summit in June 1992 and, in December 1992, Canada ratified it. Prior ratifying parties included Mauritius, Maldives, and Monaco.
One of the key obligations for parties that have ratified the Convention is to prepare a national strategy.
Elements of the Strategy
The Strategy contains guiding principles supporting a vision of society that lives sustainably, and contains a framework for action to support sustainable development as part of international efforts to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Strategy goals are related to conservation, education, support, and collaboration.
In 2015, Canada adopted 19 targets to fulfill its obligations under the treaty. The first was to conserve at least 17% of terrestrial area and inland water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas, through "networks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures." By the end of 2019, Canada was not on track to meeting its fi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Biodiversity%20Information%20Network | The Canadian Biodiversity Information Network (CBIN) was developed in 1996 to deliver information on the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy and to serve as Canada's national node to the global Clearing House Mechanism. CBIN facilitates biodiversity-relevant information-sharing as part of Canada's implementation of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
See also: Criticisms of the biodiversity paradigm
References
External links
Convention on Biological Diversity
Biodiversity Convention Office
Environment Canada
Environment of Canada
Environment and Climate Change Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu%20wavelet | The Mathieu equation is a linear second-order differential equation with periodic coefficients. The French mathematician, E. Léonard Mathieu, first introduced this family of differential equations, nowadays termed Mathieu equations, in his “Memoir on vibrations of an elliptic membrane” in 1868. "Mathieu functions are applicable to a wide variety of physical phenomena, e.g., diffraction, amplitude distortion, inverted pendulum, stability of a floating body, radio frequency quadrupole, and vibration in a medium with modulated density"
Elliptic-cylinder wavelets
This is a wide family of wavelet system that provides a multiresolution analysis. The magnitude of the detail and smoothing filters corresponds to first-kind Mathieu functions with odd characteristic exponent. The number of notches of these filters can be easily designed by choosing the characteristic exponent. Elliptic-cylinder wavelets derived by this method possess potential application in the fields of optics and electromagnetism due to its symmetry.
Mathieu differential equations
Mathieu's equation is related to the wave equation for the elliptic cylinder. In 1868, the French mathematician Émile Léonard Mathieu introduced a family of differential equations nowadays termed Mathieu equations.
Given , the Mathieu equation is given by
The Mathieu equation is a linear second-order differential equation with periodic coefficients. For q = 0, it reduces to the well-known harmonic oscillator, a being the square |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days%20of%20Memories | Days of Memories is a series of dating sims from SNK for cell phones, beginning in 2005. SNK released a compilation of the first three games for the Nintendo DS in 2007, with new graphics and an extra viewing mode.
Summary
The games are dating sims starring SNK and ADK characters that take place in a parallel world to their own. In each game, the player is given the month of July to start a relationship with one of the girls featured in the game, in order to finish the game with the beginnings of a workable relationship.
Games
Released on October 17th, 2005.
The cast of this game is considered to be fan favorites from their respective debut games.
Features - Athena Asamiya, Kasumi Todoh, B. Jenet, King, Mai Shiranui, Yuri Sakazaki, Leona Heidern, Kula Diamond.
Male characters - Kyoya Kaido (original)
Released on February 1st, 2006.
Debuted the first unique Days Of Memories character.
Features - Hotaru Futaba, Kisarah Westfield, Fiolina "Fio" Germi, Chizuru Kagura, Mature, Blue Mary.
Male characters - Kyo Kusanagi, Iori Yagami
Exclusive character - Shizuku Misawa.
Released on May 15th, 2006.
Is set during the era of Feudal Japan.
It is the first game in the series to show where the girls are.
Features - Nakoruru, Mina Majikina, Rinka Yoshino, Saya, Mikoto, Shiki, Iroha.
Male characters - Haohmaru, Genjuro Kibagami, Ukyo Tachibana, Kyouemon (original)
Exclusive characters - Shino, Chiyo.
This game features only Samurai Shodown characters, rather than the normal cast o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norberto%20Esbrez | Norberto Esbrez (November 22, 1966 - July 16, 2014) was an Argentine tango dancer, choreographer and teacher.
A dancer and teacher of tango nuevo, he was known as El Pulpo or octopus for his fluid and intricate leg moves. Esbrez created and named several tango movements including: ocho loco, sentada girada, elevador, or el elástico. He explored the concept of trap sacadas (sacadas con agarre) and enganches into innovative variations.
His style was so well known that when the dancer starts combining several leg moves that look like Pulpo's it is being called pulpeadas. He developed the concept of suspension as a tool to generate the control and fluidity that is part of his dance.
He worked for theaters and show-places in Buenos Aires, such as: Teatro San Martin, Teatro Astral, Teatro Opera, Cafe Tortoni, El Viejo Almacen, La Ventana, Casablanca. He taught in Brazil as a member of the Academia Argentina de Tango. One of Esbrez's partners was Luiza Paes - they were part of the International Congress of Argentine Tango in Buenos Aires.
He died on July 16, 2014, in Buenos Aires of complications of a liver disease.
See also
List of dancers
References
1966 births
2014 deaths
Dancers from Buenos Aires
Tango dancers and choreographers
Argentine male dancers
Argentine dancers
Argentine choreographers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbert%20L.%20Dunn%20Award | The Halbert L. Dunn Award is the most prestigious award presented by the National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems (NAPHSIS). The award has been presented since 1981 providing national recognition of outstanding and lasting contributions to the field of vital and health statistics at the national, state, or local level.
The award was established in honor of the late Halbert L. Dunn, M.D., Director of the National Office of Vital Statistics from 1936 to 1960. Dr. Dunn was highly instrumental in encouraging the states to establish state vital statistics associations and played a major role in developing NAPHSIS. The award is presented at the Hal Dunn Awards Luncheon during the association’s annual meeting.
The winners of the Halbert L. Dunn Award have been:
Source: NAPHSIS
1981 Deane Huxtable
1982 Loren Chancellor
1983 Vito Logrillo
1984 Carl Erhardt
1985 Irvin Franzen
1986 W. D. "Don" Carroll
1987 Margaret Shackelford
1988 John Brockert, State Registrar, Utah
1989 Margaret Watts
1990 John Patterson
1991 Patricia Potrzebowski, State Registrar, Pennsylvania
1992 Rose Trasatti, National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems (NAPHSIS)
1993 Garland Land, State Registrar, Missouri
1994 George Van Amburg
1995 Jack Smith
1996 no award
1997 Ray Nashold
1998 Iwao Moriyama
1999 no award
2000 George Gay
2001 Dorothy Harshbarger, State Registrar, Alabama
2002 Lorne Phillips, State Registrar, Kansas
2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanguar%20Haor | Tanguar Haor (), located in the Dharmapasha and Tahirpur upazilas of Sunamganj District in Bangladesh, is a unique wetland ecosystem of national importance and has come into international focus. The area of Tanguar Haor including 46 villages within the haor is about of which 2,802.36 ha2 is wetland. It is the source of livelihood for more than 40,000 people. Bangladesh declared it an Ecologically Critical Area in 1999 considering its critical condition as a result of overexploitation of its natural resources.
Every winter the haor is home to about 200 types of migratory birds. In 1999–2000, the government earned 7,073,184 takas as revenue just from fisheries of the haor. There are more than 140 species of fresh water fish in the haor. The more predominant among them are: , Cat fish, . Gulli, balua, ban tulsi, nalkhagra and other freshwater wetland trees are in this haor.
Plant species like Hizol (Barringtonia acutangula), Clematis cadmia, Crataeva nurvala, Euryale ferox, Nelumbo nucifera, Ottelia alismoides, Oxystelma secamone var. secamone, Pongamia pinnata, Rosa clinophylla, and Typha species are present.
Houseboat
It has become more popular with tourists as a tourist attraction due to the number of houseboats plying at Tanguar Haor. There is a big houseboat in Tanguar Haor. It is a huge, slow-moving barges used for leisure trips. This service is inspired from the houseboat Rabindranath Tagore used during his visit to Shilaidaha. It is in service from since 2021. It is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate%20Bayesian%20computation | Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) constitutes a class of computational methods rooted in Bayesian statistics that can be used to estimate the posterior distributions of model parameters.
In all model-based statistical inference, the likelihood function is of central importance, since it expresses the probability of the observed data under a particular statistical model, and thus quantifies the support data lend to particular values of parameters and to choices among different models. For simple models, an analytical formula for the likelihood function can typically be derived. However, for more complex models, an analytical formula might be elusive or the likelihood function might be computationally very costly to evaluate.
ABC methods bypass the evaluation of the likelihood function. In this way, ABC methods widen the realm of models for which statistical inference can be considered. ABC methods are mathematically well-founded, but they inevitably make assumptions and approximations whose impact needs to be carefully assessed. Furthermore, the wider application domain of ABC exacerbates the challenges of parameter estimation and model selection.
ABC has rapidly gained popularity over the last years and in particular for the analysis of complex problems arising in biological sciences, e.g. in population genetics, ecology, epidemiology, systems biology, and in radio propagation.
History
The first ABC-related ideas date back to the 1980s. Donald Rubin, when discussin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRN-3 | BRN-3 is a group of related transcription factors in the POU family. They are also known as class 4 POU domain homeobox proteins.
There are three BRN-3 proteins encoded by the following genes:
BRN3A (POU4F1, )
BRN3B (POU4F2, )
BRN3C (POU4F3, )
Nomenclature
The BRN or Brn prefix is an abbreviation for "brain"; the longer name is "Brain-specific homeobox". The name of the group may also be abbreviated as POU4, Pou4, POU IV, or POU-IV.
References
External links
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere%20protein%20B | Centromere protein B also known as major centromere autoantigen B is an autoantigen protein of the cell nucleus. In humans, centromere protein B is encoded by the CENPB gene.
Function
Centromere protein B is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromere formation. It is a DNA-binding protein that is derived from transposases of the pogo DNA transposon family. It contains a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif at the N-terminus and a dimerization domain at the C-terminus. The DNA binding domain recognizes and binds a 17-bp sequence (CENP-B box) in the centromeric alpha satellite DNA. This protein is proposed to play an important role in the assembly of specific centromere structures in interphase nuclei and on mitotic chromosomes. It is also considered a major centromere autoantigen recognized by sera from patients with anti-centromere antibodies.
Clinical significance
Centromere protein B is a potential biomarker of small-cell lung cancer.
See also
Centromere
References
Further reading
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottrell%20equation | In electrochemistry, the Cottrell equation describes the change in electric current with respect to time in a controlled potential experiment, such as chronoamperometry. Specifically it describes the current response when the potential is a step function in time. It was derived by Frederick Gardner Cottrell in 1903. For a simple redox event, such as the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple, the current measured depends on the rate at which the analyte diffuses to the electrode. That is, the current is said to be "diffusion controlled". The Cottrell equation describes the case for an electrode that is planar but can also be derived for spherical, cylindrical, and rectangular geometries by using the corresponding Laplace operator and boundary conditions in conjunction with Fick's second law of diffusion.
where,
= current, in units of A
= number of electrons (to reduce/oxidize one molecule of analyte , for example)
= Faraday constant, 96485 C/mol
= area of the (planar) electrode in cm2
= initial concentration of the reducible analyte in mol/cm3;
= diffusion coefficient for species in cm2/s
= time in s.
Deviations from linearity in the plot of vs. sometimes indicate that the redox event is associated with other processes, such as association of a ligand, dissociation of a ligand, or a change in geometry.
In practice, the Cottrell equation simplifies to where is the collection of constants for a given system (, , ).
See also
Voltammetry
Electroanalytical methods
Lim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie%20Hsin | Winnie Hsin (; born 8 February 1962) is a Taiwanese singer. She is best known for her crystal clear soprano voice.
Biography
In 1976, Hsin was admitted to the Taipei Hwa Kang Arts School, and in 1979 she studied music in the Chinese Culture University in Taipei. After graduating, she became a music teacher in the Yamaha Music School in Taipei. She released her first album, Lonely Winter, in 1986, and has since released a total of 16 albums, under the labels of Decca Records, Rock Records and Warner Music.
In 1995, Hsin provided the voice of the titular character in the Mandarin dubbed version of the Walt Disney animated film Pocahontas. She also performed the Mandarin version of the film's theme song, Colours of the Wind, and some other songs in the soundtrack.
In 2003, Hsin starred as Zhu Yingtai in a Taiwanese musical based on the Chinese legend of the Butterfly Lovers.
In 2006, Hsin held two solo concerts in Taiwan on 30 June and 1 July, called Winnie Hsin "The Promise" Concert.
In 2007, Hsin held another concert in Genting Highlands, Malaysia, on 26 July 2008.
In 2007, Hsin endorsed one of Avon's ANEW Alternative beauty care products.
On 7 July 2007, Hsin performed at the Live Earth concert held in Shanghai.
On 30 May 2009, Hsin performed in the Join, Love Club concert held at the Hong Kong Coliseum.
In 2009, Hsin held her first solo ticketed concert in Shanghai on 18 Dec 2009.
In 2010, Hsin held another solo ticketed concert in Chengdu on 21 Aug 2010.
In 2011, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Sheffield%20United%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | This article lists honours and records associated with Sheffield United F.C..
Club honours and best performances
Major domestic competitions
Leagues
First Division / Premier League (level 1)
Champions (1): 1897–98
Runners up (2): 1896–97, 1899–1900
Second Division / First Division / Championship (level 2)
Champions (1): 1952–53
Runners-up (7): 1892–93, 1938–39, 1960–61, 1970–71, 1989–90, 2005–06, 2018–19, 2022–23 (as The Championship)
Third Division / Third Division South / Second Division / League One (level 3)
Champions (1): 2016–17 (as League One)
Runners-up (1): 1988–89
Promoted in third place (1): 1983–84
Fourth Division / Third Division / League Two (level 4)
Champions (1): 1981–82
Football League North
Champions (1): 1945–46
Cups
FA Cup
Winners (4): 1899, 1902, 1915, 1925
Runners-up (2): 1901, 1936
Football League Cup
Best performance: Semi-final – 2002–03, 2014–15
Football League Trophy
Best performance: North quarter-final – 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16
Club records
League
Record League Win: 10–0 away v Port Vale, Division Two, 10 December 1892 (Goals scored by Drummond, Wallace, Hammond (4), Watson (2) & Davies (2)) and 10–0 home v Burnley, Division One, 19 January 1929 (Goals scored by Harry Johnson 8th, 11th, 49th, 64th, Fred Tunstall 59th, 67th pen, Tom Phillipson 68th, 87th, Billy Gillespie 77th & Sid Gibson 86th)
Record League defeat: 0–8 home v Newcastle United, Premier League, 24 September 2023
Most League Points in a Season (2 p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ErbB | The ErbB family of proteins contains four receptor tyrosine kinases, structurally related to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), its first discovered member. In humans, the family includes Her1 (EGFR, ErbB1), Her2 (ErbB2), Her3 (ErbB3), and Her4 (ErbB4). The gene symbol, ErbB, is derived from the name of a viral oncogene to which these receptors are homologous: erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene. Insufficient ErbB signaling in humans is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, while excessive ErbB signaling is associated with the development of a wide variety of types of solid tumor.
ErbB protein family signaling is important for development. For example, ErbB-2 and ErbB-4 knockout mice die at midgestation leads to deficient cardiac function associated with a lack of myocardial ventricular trabeculation and display abnormal development of the peripheral nervous system. In ErbB-3 receptor mutant mice, they have less severe defects in the heart and thus are able to survive longer throughout embryogenesis. Lack of Schwann cell maturation leads to degeneration of motor and sensory neurons. Excessive ErbB signaling is associated with the development of a wide variety of types of solid tumor. ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 are found in many human cancers, and their excessive signaling may be critical factors in the development and malignancy of these tumors.
Family members
The ErbB protein family consists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Mars | Digital Mars is a small American software company owned by Walter Bright and based in Vienna, Virginia. It makes C, C++, and D compilers, and associated utilities such as an integrated development environment (IDE) for Windows and DOS, which Digital Mars calls an integrated development and debugging environment (IDDE).
The compilers can be downloaded, free of charge, from Digital Mars's web site.
Product names changed over time. The C compiler was first named Datalight C compiler, then Zorland C, then Zortech C, then Digital Mars C/C++ compiler. The C++ compiler was first named Zortech C++, then Symantec C++, then Digital Mars C++ (DMC++).
The company gained notice in the software development community for creating the D programming language. D resulted from Bright's frustration with the direction of the C++ language and from his experience implementing it.
Digital Mars is also notable for having shipped the first commercial C++ compiler for Windows
In 2002, Digital Mars released DMDScript, an ECMA-262-compliant JavaScript engine, written in D.
History
In 1988, Zortech was the first C++ compiler to ship for Windows. PC Magazine ran a graphics benchmark, and reported that most executables produced by Zortech ran faster than executables produced by Microsoft C 5.1 and by Watcom C 6.5. Stanley B. Lippman wrote that Zortech was the first C++ compiler to implement return value optimization. Later, the C++ standard required this.
In 2023, Mike Engelhardt released a new simula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exon%20%28disambiguation%29 | Exon may refer to:
Exon, a region of DNA that is represented in the mature form of RNA
Exoribonuclease or ExoN, an RNA degrading enzyme
Exoniensis or Exon., the Post-Nominal Letters for alumni / degrees from the University of Exeter
Exon can also refer to the signature of the Bishop of Exeter
J. James Exon (1921–2005), American politician
Nat Exon (born 1992), Australian rules footballer
Exon is a rank for an officer in the Yeomen of the Guard
It may also be a spelling error for:
ExxonMobil, the energy company
Exxon, a brand of fuel sold by ExxonMobil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bene%C5%A1-Mr%C3%A1z | inž. P. Beneš a inž. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla was a Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer of the 1930s.
History
Beneš-Mráz was established at Choceň by Pavel Beneš and Jaroslav Mráz on 1 Apr 1935 and manufactured a series of light aircraft of their own design until the Nazi-German occupation. In 1939/40, the company was renamed Ing. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla - Ing. J. Mráz, Flugzeugfabrik. During the war, the factory was used to produce Fieseler Fi 156 "Storch"s and DFS Kranich training gliders for the German Luftwaffe. Following the war, the company was reconstituted as Ing. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla, národní správa.
Aircraft
See also
Aero Vodochody
Avia
Let Kunovice
Letov Kbely
Zlin Aircraft
References
Notes
Bibliography
Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Naval Institute press. Annapolis.
Taylor, Michael J.H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions. London. 1989.
Vos, Ruud. Luchtvaart 2010. Uitgeverij de Alk bv. Alkmaar. The Netherlands. 2009.
External links
Czech Aircraft used by the Germans – German Aviation 1919 - 1945
Civil Aircraft Register - Czechoslavakia – Golden Years of Aviation
Inž. P. Beneš a inž. J. Mráz, továrna na letadla Choceň – Vrtulníky v Česku
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia
Manufacturing companies established in 1935
1935 establishments in Czechoslovakia
2010 disestablishments in the Czech Republic
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2010 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic%20eyeball | Congenital cystic eye (also known as CCE or cystic eyeball) is an extremely rare ocular malformation where the eye fails to develop correctly in utero and is replaced by benign, fluid-filled tissue. Its incidence is unknown, due to the very small number of cases reported. An audit by Duke-Elder of the medical literature from 1880 to 1963 discovered only 28 cases. The term was coined in 1937 by the renowned ophthalmologist Ida Mann.
Embryologically, the defect is thought to occur around day 35 of gestation, when the vesicle fails to invaginate. Dysgenesis of the vesicle later in development may result in coloboma, a separate and less severe malformation of the ocular structures.
CCE is almost always unilateral, but at least 2 cases of bilateral involvement have been described. Patients may also present with skin appendages attached to the skin surrounding the eyes. Association with intracranial anomalies has been reported.
Treatment
Treatment of CCE is usually by enucleation, followed by insertion of an ocular implant and prosthesis.
References
External links
Congenital disorders of eyes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Cape%20wine | Western Cape is a Geographical Unit within the Wine of Origin classification system of South African wine. Corresponding to the province of Western Cape it includes most of the vineyards in South Africa.
Style
The wines of the Western Cape range from sturdy Rhone-style red wines to aromatic Sauvignon blancs in vineyards cooled by breezes off the Atlantic.
History
On 2 February 1659 the founder of Cape Town, Jan van Riebeeck, produced the first wine recorded in South Africa. In 1685, the Constantia estate was established in a valley facing False Bay by the Governor of the Cape, Simon van der Stel. His 'Vin de Constance' soon acquired a good reputation. But it was Hendrik Cloete, who bought the homestead in 1778, who really made the name of Constantia famous, with an unfortified wine made from a blend of mostly Muscat de Frontignan (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains), Pontiac, red and white Muscadel (probably clones of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains??) and a little Chenin blanc. It became a favorite tipple of European kings and emperors, from Frederick the Great to Napoleon. But the vineyards were decimated by phylloxera, the Cloete family were bankrupted, and Groot Constantia was sold to the government as an experimental station. In 1980 Duggie Jooste bought Klein Constantia, redeveloped it, and is now selling a new version of Vin de Constance made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains.
The Franschhoek Valley was settled over 300 years ago by the French Huguenots. The first official |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal%20wine | KwaZulu-Natal is designated as a geographical unit under the Wine of Origin classification of South African wine. It corresponds to the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east of South Africa, which has an embryonic wine industry.
History
The first trials of Vitis vinifera in KwaZulu-Natal were in 1992 at Sunwich Port on the South Coast.
Tiny and Judy van Niekerk established the Stables Wine Estate in 2005, the first wine estate in KwaZulu-Natal, and released the first wines from the region in 2006. Judy van Niekerk was responsible for having KZN designated as a "Wine of Origin" region in 2005 after negotiations with SAWIS.
Owners and winemakers Ian and Jane Smorthwaite bought their farm Abingdon Wine Estate in 2000 and the first vines were planted in 2004. Situated at 1100m above sea level, Abingdon Estate has in excess of 2ha under vine.
Judy van Niekerk approached the KZN Government in 2007 with a proposal to fund vineyard plantings in the Tribal regions of the province, creating job opportunities in under-resourced regions. This project commenced in 2009 with newer plantings of 10ha at Ballito on the KNZ north coast. These vineyards are cultivating the French-American hybrid Villard Blanc, a grape cultivar that thrives in warm, humid conditions. The first wines of this were produced in Sept 2013 under the banner of iLembe Co-operative Winery.
See also
South African wine
Wine regions of South Africa
Notes and references
Further reading
John Platter South African W |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20Statistics%20Service%20of%20Ukraine | State Statistics Committee of Ukraine (, Derzhavnyi Komitet Statystyky Ukrainy) is the government agency responsible for collection and dissemination of statistics in Ukraine. For brevity, it was also referred to as Derzhkomstat. In 2010, the committee was transformed into the State Service of Statistics under the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade.
Institutions
Science and Research Institute of Statistics, keeps track of the Classification of objects of the administrative-territorial system of Ukraine
See also
Ukrainian Census (2001), Censuses in Ukraine
External links
Official website (Ukrainian, Russian, English)
2001 Ukraine Census
Presidential decree #1085/2010 "For optimization the system of central bodies of executive power (Ukrainian)
Statistics
Ukraine
Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture
Central executive bodies of Ukraine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number%20sentence | In mathematics education, a number sentence is an equation or inequality expressed using numbers and mathematical symbols. The term is used in primary level mathematics teaching in the US, Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
Usage
The term is used as means of asking students to write down equations using simple mathematical symbols (numerals, the four main basic mathematical operators, equality symbol). Sometimes boxes or shapes are used to indicate unknown values. As such, number sentences are used to introduce students to notions of structure and elementary algebra prior to a more formal treatment of these concepts.
A number sentence without unknowns is equivalent to a logical proposition expressed using the notation of arithmetic.
Examples
A valid number sentence that is true: 83 + 19 = 102.
A valid number sentence that is false: 1 + 1 = 3.
A valid number sentence using a 'less than' symbol: 3 + 6 < 10.
A valid number sentence using a 'more than' symbol: 3 + 9 > 11.
An example from a lesson plan:
Some students will use a direct computational approach. They will carry out the addition 26 + 39 = 65, put 65 = 26 + , and then find that = 39.
See also
Expression (mathematics)
Equation
Inequality (mathematics)
Open sentence
Sentence (mathematical logic)
References
Mathematics education |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C5-Dimethylfuran | 2,5-Dimethylfuran is a heterocyclic compound with the formula (CH3)2C4H2O. Although often abbreviated DMF, it should not be confused with dimethylformamide. A derivative of furan, this simple compound is a potential biofuel, being derivable from cellulose.
Production
Fructose can be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran in a catalytic biomass-to-liquid process. The conversion of fructose to DMF proceeds via hydroxymethylfurfural.
Fructose is obtainable from glucose, a building block in cellulose.
Potential as a biofuel
DMF has a number of attractions as a biofuel. It has an energy density 40% greater than that of ethanol, making it comparable to gasoline (petrol). It is also chemically stable and, being insoluble in water, does not absorb moisture from the atmosphere. Evaporating dimethylfuran during the production process also requires around one third less energy than the evaporation of ethanol, although it has a boiling point some 14 °C higher, at 92 °C, compared to 78 °C for ethanol.
The ability to efficiently and rapidly produce dimethylfuran from fructose, found in fruit and some root vegetables, or from glucose, which can be derived from starch and cellulose - all widely available in nature - adds to the attraction of dimethylfuran, although safety issues must be examined. Bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the leading liquid biofuels.
The stoichiometric air/fuel ratio of dimethylfuran is 10.72, compared to ethanol at 8.95 and gasoline at 14.56. This means that bu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloromethane%20dehalogenase | Dichloromethane dehalogenase (EC 4.5.1.3; systematic name dichloromethane chloride-lyase (adding H2O; chloride-hydrolysing; formaldehyde-forming)) is a lyase enzyme that generates formaldehyde.
dichloromethane + H2O = formaldehyde + 2 chloride
Glutathione is required for its activity.
References
External links
EC 4.5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Lovell%20%28Welsh%20footballer%29 | Stephen Lovell (born 16 July 1960) is a Welsh former professional footballer and manager. He is currently manager of Herne Bay.
He played professionally for Crystal Palace, Stockport County, Millwall, Swansea City, Gillingham and AFC Bournemouth and made over 450 Football League appearances. He was capped six times by Wales.
Playing career
Born in Swansea, Wales, Lovell began his career as an apprentice with Crystal Palace in 1977, winning the FA Youth Cup with the South London side in 1977 and 1978, before making his league debut in a 2–0 defeat away to Wolverhampton Wanderers on 30 August 1980. Playing at the time as a right-back or a midfielder, he managed 74 Football League appearances in six years at Selhurst Park, during which he also had spells on loan at Stockport County and with Memphis Rogues of the North American Soccer League. In 1983, he moved to Millwall, making his debut in a 5–1 defeat loss away to Huddersfield Town on 12 February 1983. Millwall manager George Graham played Lovell as a striker during an injury crisis and he went on to score 13 goals in 11 matches and remained a striker for the remainder of his career.
In 1986 Lovell was injured whilst playing for Wales and was unable to regain a place in the Millwall team and, after a short loan spell with his hometown club Swansea City, was sold to Gillingham for £20,000. During his time with the Kent club he played over 200 matches and scored nearly 100 goals, finishing as the club's leading scorer in fou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC3 | PC3 (PC-3) is a human prostate cancer cell line used in prostate cancer research and drug development. PC3 cells are useful in investigating biochemical changes in advanced prostate cancer cells and in assessing their response to chemotherapeutic agents. PC3 cells are also used to study viral infection in mammalian cells that exhibit an immune response
Description
The PC3 cell line was established in 1979 from bone metastasis of grade IV of prostate cancer in a 62-year-old Caucasian male. These cells do not respond to androgens, glucocorticoids or fibroblast growth factors, but results suggest that the cells are influenced by epidermal growth factors. PC3 cells can be used to create subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice to investigate the tumor environment and therapeutic drug functionality.
PC3 cells have high metastatic potential compared to DU145 cells, which have a moderate metastatic potential, and to LNCaP cells, which have low metastatic potential. Comparisons of the protein expression of PC3, LNCaP, and other cells have shown that PC3 is characteristic of small cell neoendocrine carcinoma.
PC3 cells have low testosterone-5-alpha reductase and acidic phosphatase activity, and do not express PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Furthermore, karyotypic analysis has shown that PC3 are near-triploid, having 62 chromosomes. Q-band analysis showed no Y chromosome. From a morphological point of view, electron microscopy revealed that PC3 cells show characteristics of a poorly |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DU145 | DU145 (DU-145) is a human prostate cancer cell line. DU145, PC3, and LNCaP are considered to be the standard prostate cancer cell lines used in therapeutic research.
The DU145 cell line was derived from a central nervous system metastasis, of primary prostate adenocarcinoma origin, removed during a parieto-occipital craniotomy of a 69-year-old, White, male. DU145 are not hormone-sensitive and do not express prostate-specific antigen (PSA). DU145 cells have moderate metastatic potential compared to PC3 cells, which have high metastatic potential.
Research on castration-resistant prostate cancer
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is prostate cancer that progresses despite extremely low testosterone in the body often due to medical castration. Unlike many other types of prostate cancer, CRPC do not need normal testosterone levels, but they still require regular androgen receptors (AR).
Effects of NEK6 alteration
NEK6 inhibition is a potential treatment for CRPC due to its role as an essential protein kinase in the mitotic cell cycle. Although specific pathways remain unclear, deactivating the NEK6 gene is able to decrease clonogenic capacity, proliferation, cell viability, and mitochondrial activity. Additionally, intracellular ROS is increased and antioxidant defenses including SOD1, SOD2, and PRDX3 are decreased. SOD1, SOD2, and PRDX3 are known to be pro-oncogenic and be involved in chemotherapy resistance. Overall, altering NEK6 leads to DNA damage and death of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translocated%20promoter%20region | Translocated promoter region is a component of the tpr-met fusion protein.
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tpr-met%20fusion%20protein | Tpr-Met fusion protein is an oncogene fusion protein consisting of TPR and MET.
Structure
Tpr-Met was generated following a chromosomal rearrangement induced by the treatment of a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line with the carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitronitrosoguanidine. The genomic rearrangement fuses two genetic loci, translocated promoter region, from chromosome 1q25 which encodes a dimerization leucine zipper motif, and MET, from chromosome 7q31 which contributes the kinase domain and carboxy-terminus of the Met RTK. The resulting 65 kDa cytoplasmic Tpr-Met oncoprotein forms a dimer mediated through the Tpr leucine zipper.
The Tpr-Met fusion protein lacks the extracellular, transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains of c-Met receptor, and has gained the Tpr dimerization motif, which allows constitutive and ligand-independent activation of the kinase. The loss of juxtamembrane sequences, necessary for the negative regulation of kinase activity and receptor degradation, prolongs duration of Met signalling.
Experimental evidences
Effects in muscle
Skeletal muscle
Specific expression of Tpr-Met in terminally-differentiated skeletal muscle causes muscle wasting in vivo and exerts anti-differentiation effects in terminally differentiated myotubes. Constitutive activation of MET signaling has been suggested to cause defects in myogenic differentiation, contributing to rhabdomyosarcoma development and progression.
Cardiac muscle
In a transgenic model, cardiac-specific express |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hfq%20protein | The Hfq protein (also known as HF-I protein) encoded by the hfq gene was discovered in 1968 as an Escherichia coli host factor that was essential for replication of the bacteriophage Qβ. It is now clear that Hfq is an abundant bacterial RNA binding protein which has many important physiological roles that are usually mediated by interacting with Hfq binding sRNA.
In E. coli, Hfq mutants show multiple stress response related phenotypes. The Hfq protein is now known to regulate the translation of two major stress transcription factors ( σS (RpoS) and σE (RpoE) ) in Enterobacteria. It also regulates sRNA in Vibrio cholerae, a specific example being MicX sRNA.
In Salmonella typhimurium, Hfq has been shown to be an essential virulence factor as its deletion attenuates the ability of S.typhimurium to invade epithelial cells, secrete virulence factors or survive in cultured macrophages. In Salmonella, Hfq deletion mutants are also non motile and exhibit chronic activation of the sigma mediated envelope stress response. A CLIP-Seq study of Hfq in Salmonella has revealed 640 binding sites across the Salmonella transcriptome. The majority of these binding sites was found in mRNAs and sRNAs.
In Photorhabdus luminescens, a deletion of the hfq gene causes loss of secondary metabolite production.
Hfq mediates its pleiotropic effects through several mechanisms. It interacts with regulatory sRNA and facilitates their antisense interaction with their targets. It also acts independently to m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD4%20immunoadhesin | CD4 immunoadhesin is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of a combination of CD4 and the fragment crystallizable region, similarly known as immunoglobulin. It belongs to the antibody (Ig) gene family. CD4 is a surface receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The CD4 immunoadhesin molecular fusion allow the protein to possess key functions from each independent subunit. The CD4 specific properties include the gp120-binding and HIV-blocking capabilities. Properties specific to immunoglobulin are the long plasma half-life and Fc receptor binding. The properties of the protein means that it has potential to be used in AIDS therapy as of 2017. Specifically, CD4 immunoadhesin plays a role in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards HIV-infected cells. While natural anti-gp120 antibodies exhibit a response towards uninfected CD4-expressing cells that have a soluble gp120 bound to the CD4 on the cell surface, CD4 immunoadhesin, however, will not exhibit a response. One of the most relevant of these possibilities is its ability to cross the placenta.
History and significance
CD4 immunoadhesin was first developed in the mid-1990s as a potential therapeutic agent and treatment for HIV/AIDS. The protein is a fusion of the extracellular domain of the CD4 receptor and the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant antibody isotype in the human body. The Fc domain of IgG contributes several important properties to the fusion protein, inclu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-binding%20EGF-like%20growth%20factor | Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the HBEGF gene.
HB-EGF-like growth factor is synthesized as a membrane-anchored mitogenic and chemotactic glycoprotein. An epidermal growth factor produced by monocytes and macrophages, due to an affinity for heparin is termed HB-EGF. It has been shown to play a role in wound healing, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart development and function. First identified in the conditioned media of human macrophage-like cells, HB-EGF is an 87-amino acid glycoprotein that displays highly regulated gene expression. Ectodomain shedding results in the soluble mature form of HB-EGF, which influences the mitogenicity and chemotactic factors for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The transmembrane form of HB-EGF is the unique receptor for diphtheria toxin and functions in juxtacrine signaling in cells. Both forms of HB-EGF participate in normal physiological processes and in pathological processes including tumor progression and metastasis, organ hyperplasia, and atherosclerotic disease. HB-EGF can bind two locations on cell surfaces: heparan sulfate proteoglycans and EGF-receptor effecting cell to cell interactions.
Interactions
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor has been shown to interact with NRD1, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 and BAG1.
HB-EGF biological activities with these genes influence cell cycle progression, molecular chaperone regulation, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensin | Extensins are a family of flexuous, rodlike, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) of the plant cell wall.
They are highly abundant proteins. There are around 20 extensins in Arabidopsis thaliana. They form crosslinked networks in the young cell wall. Typically they have two major diagnostic repetitive peptide motifs, one hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic, with potential for crosslinking. Extensins are thought to act as self-assembling amphiphiles essential for cell-wall assembly and growth by cell extension and expansion. The name "extensin" encapsulates the hypothesis that they are involved in cell extension.
Hydrophilic motif
This pentapeptide consists of serine (Ser) and four hydroxyprolines (Hyp): Ser-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp. Hydroxyproline is unusual not only as a cyclic amino acid that restricts peptide flexibility but as an amino acid with no codon, being encoded as proline. Polypeptides targeted for secretion are subsequently hydroxylated by direct addition of molecular oxygen to proline at C-4. Extensin hydroxyproline is uniquely glycosylated with short chains of L-arabinose that further rigidify and increase hydrophilicity. Generally the serine has a single galactose attached.
Hydrophobic tyrosine crosslinking motif
Two tyrosines separated by a single amino acid, typically valine or another tyrosine, form a short intra-molecular diphenylether crosslink. This can be crosslinked further by the enzyme extensin peroxidase to form an inter-molecular bridge between e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Stonehenge | Two vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Stonehenge after the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge.
was an , built in 1919 and wrecked in 1920 near Smyrna.
was an S-class submarine, built in 1943 and lost in 1944 in the Malacca Straits.
References
Royal Navy ship names |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics%20%28journal%29 | Biometrics is a journal that publishes articles on the application of statistics and mathematics to the biological sciences. It is published by the International Biometric Society (IBS). Originally published in 1945 under the title Biometrics Bulletin, the journal adopted the shorter title in 1947. A notable contributor to the journal was R.A. Fisher, for whom a memorial edition was published in 1964. In a survey of statistics researchers' opinions, it was ranked fifth overall among 40 statistics journals, and it was second only to the Journal of the American Statistical Association in the ranking provided by biometrics specialists.
References
External links
Publisher website (Wiley)
International Biometric Society (IBS)
Biometry by m2sys.com
Biostatistics journals
Academic journals established in 1945
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals associated with international learned and professional societies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiregulin | Epiregulin (EPR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EREG gene.
Structure
Epiregulin consists of 46 amino acid residues. Its secondary structure contains approximately 30 percent of β-sheet in the strand. Some of the residues form loops and turns due to the hydrogen bonding. The percentage of β-sheet in epiregulin depends on the domain and the secondary structures that they occupy. The polymeric molecules of epiregulin has the formula weight of 5280.1 g/mol with a polypeptide(L), a polymer type.
Structural motifs in most proteins have typical connections in an all β motif. Meaning that the polypeptide chains do not make a crossover connection or in so far as this type of connection has not been observed. Epiregulin is one of the proteins that occupies a typical connection in all β motif. Furthermore, as the structure of epiregulin forms a chain in an all β motif, it also forms β hairpin structural motif. A β hairpin is when the two adjacent anti-parallel β strands connected by a β-turn.
Function
Epiregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Epiregulin can function as a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors. The secondary structure at the C-terminus epiregulin is different from other epidermal growth factor family ligands because of the lack of hydrogen bonds. The structural difference at the C-terminus may provide an expla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigen | Epigen also known as epithelial mitogen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPGN gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Members of this family are ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor and play a role in cell survival, proliferation and migration. This protein has been reported to have high mitogenic activity but low affinity for its receptor. Expression of this transcript and protein have been reported in cancer specimens of the breast, bladder, and prostate.
References
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betacellulin | Betacellulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTC gene located on chromosome 4 at locus 4q13-q21. Betacellulin was initially identified as a mitogen. Betacellulin, is a part of an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) family and functions as a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). As the role a EGFR, betacellulin is manifested by different form of muscles and tissues, it also has a great effect of nitrogen that is used for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. While many studies attest a role for betacellulin in the differentiation of pancreatic β-cells, the last decade witnessed the association of betacellulin with many additional biological processes, ranging from reproduction to the control of neural stem cells. Betacellulin is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events.
Structure
As shown on figure 1, the secondary structure of the human betacellulin-2 has 6% helical (1 helices; 3 residues) 36% beta sheet (5 strands; 18 residues). The mRNA of betacellulin contains six exons in which is 2816 base-pair long. The mRNA was translated into 178 amino acids, and different regions of the amino acid are responsible for different function. The first 31 amino acids are responsible for the signal peptide (Figure 2, exon 1), the 32nd to 118th amino acids are responsible for the extracellular region (Figure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20velocity | In continuum mechanics the flow velocity in fluid dynamics, also macroscopic velocity in statistical mechanics, or drift velocity in electromagnetism, is a vector field used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum. The length of the flow velocity vector is the flow speed and is a scalar.
It is also called velocity field; when evaluated along a line, it is called a velocity profile (as in, e.g., law of the wall).
Definition
The flow velocity u of a fluid is a vector field
which gives the velocity of an element of fluid at a position and time
The flow speed q is the length of the flow velocity vector
and is a scalar field.
Uses
The flow velocity of a fluid effectively describes everything about the motion of a fluid. Many physical properties of a fluid can be expressed mathematically in terms of the flow velocity. Some common examples follow:
Steady flow
The flow of a fluid is said to be steady if does not vary with time. That is if
Incompressible flow
If a fluid is incompressible the divergence of is zero:
That is, if is a solenoidal vector field.
Irrotational flow
A flow is irrotational if the curl of is zero:
That is, if is an irrotational vector field.
A flow in a simply-connected domain which is irrotational can be described as a potential flow, through the use of a velocity potential with If the flow is both irrotational and incompressible, the Laplacian of the velocity potential must be zero:
Vorticity
The vorticity, , of a flow |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNAEG | The Fichier National Automatisé des Empreintes Génétiques () is the French national DNA database, used by both the national police force and local gendarmerie.
Origins and evolution
In June 1998, the Guigou law on the prevention of sexually-related crimes, passed by the Plural Left Lionel Jospin government, created a national DNA database. The implementation, originally planned for 1999, was finally completed in 2001, with the database itself located at Écully in the Rhône, managed by a subdirectorate of the technical and scientific departments of the French police force.
In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the USA in 2001, the French government increased the scope of the database to include DNA related to other serious criminal offences, such as voluntary manslaughter, criminal violence and terrorism.
A further 'law for interior safety' introduced on 18 March 2003 expanded the scope still further to cover almost all violent crimes to people or property, serious crimes such as drug trafficking, simple thefts, tags and dégradations, and finally almost all small offenses, but not traffic offenses or crimes committed abroad. Samples are taken from convicted persons and also from simple suspects. The law does not specify a minimum age.
In September 2009, Matthieu Bonduelle, the general secretary of the Syndicat de la Magistrature (the first syndicat of juges) has declared that "nobody defends a universal database, but, in fact, it is being done."
Relative size
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugeniu%20Cebotaru | Eugeniu Cebotaru (born 16 October 1984) is a Moldovan professional football coach and a former player. He serves as an assistant coach for Liga I club Petrolul Ploiești.
Career statistics
International stats
International goals
Scores and results list Moldova's goal tally first.
Honours
Zimbru Chișinău
Moldovan Cup: 2003–04
Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț
Liga II: 2008–09, 2010–11
Petrolul Ploiești
Liga II: 2021–22
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Chișinău
Moldovan people of Romanian descent
Moldovan men's footballers
Moldova men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Moldovan Super Liga players
FC Zimbru Chișinău players
Liga I players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
LPS HD Clinceni players
Liga II players
FC Petrolul Ploiești players
Russian Premier League players
PFC Spartak Nalchik players
FC Sibir Novosibirsk players
Moldovan expatriate men's footballers
Moldovan expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Moldovan expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboJackets | RoboJackets is a group of Georgia Tech students, faculty, and alumni that aims to enhance the understanding of the field of robotics and its applications. The team also strives to increase of the number of students exposed to it. The group, located in the Student Competition Center, allows students to engage in a wide range of engineering-related activities, and has members from almost every engineering major of study offered at Georgia Tech. Students work collaboratively in a group environment and have the abilities to pursue projects on their own.
History
RoboJackets was founded in 1999 by a group of grads and undergrads interested in the BattleBots competitions. The following year, they would start their highly respected FIRST outreach and mentoring program. The group's first home was in the J.S. Coon building. In 2003, due to renovations of the Coon building and the mechanical engineering department's move to new buildings, the RoboJackets were moved across the alley to the "Tin Building". After the move, the organization expanded to encompass a new IGVC team (started in 2003) and a RoboCup team (started in 2007). In 2011, the teams were relocated to the new Student Competition Center located on 14th Street, north of the Georgia Tech campus. In 2013, the RoboJackets IARRC team was created. Over the years, the team has grown from a handful of students to over 200 active members.
Competition
The RoboJackets participate in several robotics competitions, including RoboCup S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postreplication%20repair | Postreplication repair is the repair of damage to the DNA that takes place after replication.
Some example genes in humans include:
BRCA2 and BRCA1
BLM
NBS1
Accurate and efficient DNA replication is crucial for the health and survival of all living organisms. Under optimal conditions, the replicative DNA polymerases ε, δ, and α can work in concert to ensure that the genome is replicated efficiently with high accuracy in every cell cycle. However, DNA is constantly challenged by exogenous and endogenous genotoxic threats, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Damaged DNA can act as a steric block to replicative polymerases, thereby leading to incomplete DNA replication or the formation of secondary DNA strand breaks at the sites of replication stalling. Incomplete DNA synthesis and DNA strand breaks are both potential sources of genomic instability. An arsenal of DNA repair mechanisms exists to repair various forms of damaged DNA and minimize genomic instability. Most DNA repair mechanisms require an intact DNA strand as template to fix the damaged strand.
DNA damage prevents the normal enzymatic synthesis of DNA by the replication fork. At damaged sites in the genome, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells utilize a number of postreplication repair (PRR) mechanisms to complete DNA replication. Chemically modified bases can be bypassed by either error-prone or error-free translesion p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinoma | Kinoma, a division of Marvell Semiconductor, is a software engineering group providing an open-source, cross-platform ECMAScript stack aimed at developing software for Internet of Things products and other embedded devices. Additionally, Kinoma provides Kinoma Create, a hardware prototyping platform aimed at the independent maker community.
Kinoma initially offered consumer media players for the Palm OS Treo lineup. It expanded its offering starting in 2008 with Windows Mobile 6 and Symbian S60 devices, and in 2012 offered Kinoma Play for Android. Additionally, Kinoma licenses its core technologies for embedded/OEM products including Sling Media, Sprint Mobile TV, and Sony among others.
Kinoma Player for Palm
Kinoma Player was offered as a default media player in Palm Treo based devices.
Kinoma Player 4 EX was also sold as a premium media player on Palm OS based phones until August 2010, which featured Kinoma Guide and YouTube video search. Kinoma Player 4 EX was sold until August 2010, and reached its support end-of-life on October 1, 2010.
Kinoma Play
Kinoma Play, introduced at Mobile World Congress 2011 and released on March 13, 2012, was a combination media player, media browser, and app platform. The default app in Kinoma Play, Kinoma Guide, contained mobile-specific content from a variety of sources on the Internet. Kinoma Play also had downloadable apps to extend its capabilities, such as Box.net, ORB, ShoutCAST, as well as social media clients for Twitter, F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Register%20of%20Shipping | Polish Register of Shipping, (in Polish: Polski Rejestr Statków S.A.), also known as PRS, is an independent classification society established in 1936. It is a not-for-profit company working on the marine market, developing technical rules and supervising their implementation, managing risk and performing surveys on ships. PRS has been authorized by a number of State Maritime Administrations to act on their behalf. PRS is the only classification societies which has its own team of scuba divers surveyors performing underwater inspections. The Society's head office is placed at 126 Aleja gen. Hallera, Gdańsk, Poland.
Main activities
1. The development and updating of the rules for classification and construction of floating objects, industrial objects as well as statutory and administration survey guidelines resulting from authorizations granted to PRS by Governments.
2. Performing surveys for compliance with the requirements of the Society's own rules for classification and construction and/or the requirements of the relevant international conventions as well as national regulations regarding the following:
floating objects, including naval craft,
special purpose objects intended for the State security and defence,
construction of steel structures, pipelines and industrial installations, as well as land objects,
construction and repair of containers,
manufacture of materials and products,
approval of products, manufacturers and service suppliers.
3. Provision of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLIM | WLIM (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Medford, New York, broadcasting a Spanish news–talk format.
History
Originally licensed to Babylon, New York, the 1440 frequency signed on the air on Sunday January 5, 1958, as WBAB with 500 watts daytime only. Operated by Babylon-Bay Shore Broadcasting Company, the station initially played Jazz and featured a large news department as well as extensive community affairs programming.
WBAB (and its FM signal on 102.3) switched to a Pop Music format before becoming a Progressive Rock station by the late 1960s. On October 14, 1975, the station's call sign was changed to WNYG (New York Gospel) after adopting a Gospel music format. The companion FM station, which continued to play rock, was sold shortly after.
In the 1980s, WNYG adopted an MOR (Middle of the Road) format called "14 Gold". Upon receiving nighttime authorization in 1987, WNYG dropped the 14 Gold format and became "Long Island's Good Time Oldies" on January 1, 1988. The playlist was tightened to focus on pre-Beatles Rock and Roll and Doo-Wop.
When cross-town rival WGLI flipped from Oldies to a simulcast of WADO in late 1989, WNYG began to add more 1960s records.
By the end of 1993, much of the weekday format had been replaced by Country music and the station unceremoniously dumped the remainder of the oldies format and staff and switched full time to Country music on April 18, 1994. The new format lasted but two months when an agreement was reached to sell WNYG to Bie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAS2R38 | Taste receptor 2 member 38 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R38 gene. TAS2R38 is a bitter taste receptor; varying genotypes of TAS2R38 influence the ability to taste both 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Though it has often been proposed that varying taste receptor genotypes could influence tasting ability, TAS2R38 is one of the few taste receptors shown to have this function.
Signal transduction
As with all TAS2R proteins, TAS2R38 utilizes the G-protein gustducin as its primary method of signal transduction. Both the α- and βγ-subunits are crucial to the transmission of the taste signal. See: taste receptor.
Ligands
To date, a total of 23 distinct ligands have been identified for the T2R38 bitter taste receptor. These ligands have been extensively cataloged and documented in the comprehensive database known as BitterDB. Within this repository of bitter taste information, notable ligands such as PTC (phenylthiocarbamide) and PROP ( 6-n-propylthiouracil) have been extensively studied and are widely recognized. Additionally, T2R38 has been found to interact with other intriguing ligands, including limonin, a compound commonly found in citrus fruits, cyclamate, an artificial sweetener, and Chlorpheniramine, an antihistamine employed for the management of allergic conditions. The diverse range of ligands recognized by the T2R38 receptor adds to our understanding of the complex molecular interactions involved in the perception of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustducin | Gustducin is a G protein associated with taste and the gustatory system, found in some taste receptor cells.
Research on the discovery and isolation of gustducin is recent. It is known to play a large role in the transduction of bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. Its pathways (especially for detecting bitter stimuli) are many and diverse.
An intriguing feature of gustducin is its similarity to transducin. These two G proteins have been shown to be structurally and functionally similar, leading researchers to believe that the sense of taste evolved in a similar fashion to the sense of sight.
Gustducin is a heterotrimeric protein composed of the products of the GNAT3 (α-subunit), GNB1 (β-subunit) and GNG13 (γ-subunit).
Discovery
Gustducin was discovered in 1992 when degenerate oligonucleotide primers were synthesized and mixed with a taste tissue cDNA library. The DNA products were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method, and eight positive clones were shown to encode the α subunits of G-proteins, (which interact with G-protein-coupled receptors). Of these eight, two had previously been shown to encode rod and cone α-transducin. The eighth clone, α-gustducin, was unique to the gustatory tissue.
Comparisons with transducin
Upon analyzing the amino-acid sequence of α-gustducin, it was discovered that α-gustducins and α-transducins were closely related. This work showed that α-gustducin's protein sequence gives it 80% identity to both rod and cone a-transducin. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gs%20alpha%20subunit | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Gs alpha subunit}}
The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα) is a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs that stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. Gsα is a GTPase that functions as a cellular signaling protein.
Gsα is the founding member of one of the four families of heterotrimeric G proteins, defined by the alpha subunits they contain: the Gαs family, Gαi/Gαo family, Gαq family, and Gα12/Gα13 family. The Gs-family has only two members: the other member is Golf, named for its predominant expression in the olfactory system. In humans, Gsα is encoded by the GNAS complex locus, while Golfα is encoded by the GNAL gene.
Function
The general function of Gs is to activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector. The transducer in this system is a heterotrimeric G protein, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as Gsα, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ in a Gβγ complex. When not stimulated by a receptor, Gα is bound to GDP and to Gβγ to form the inactive G protein trimer. When the receptor binds an activating ligand outside the cell (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter), the activated receptor acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to promote GDP release from and GTP binding to Gα, which drives dissociation of GTP-bound Gα from Gβγ. In partic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq%20alpha%20subunit | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Gq alpha subunit}}
Gq protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the Gq/11 (Gq/G11) family or Gq/11/14/15 family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as Gq alpha, Gαq, or Gqα.
Gq proteins couple to G protein-coupled receptors to activate beta-type phospholipase C (PLC-β) enzymes. PLC-β in turn hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 acts as a second messenger to release stored calcium into the cytoplasm, while DAG acts as a second messenger that activates protein kinase C (PKC).
Family members
In humans, there are four distinct proteins in the Gq alpha subunit family:
Gαq is encoded by the gene GNAQ.
Gα11 is encoded by the gene GNA11.
Gα14 is encoded by the gene GNA14.
Gα15 is encoded by the gene GNA15.
Function
The general function of Gq is to activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector. The transducer in this system is a heterotrimeric G protein, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as Gαq, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ in a Gβγ complex. When not stimulated by a receptor, Gα is bound to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and to Gβγ to form the inactive G protein trime |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggrecanase | Aggrecanases are extracellular proteolytic enzymes that are members of the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motifs) family. Aggrecanases act on large proteoglycans known as aggrecans, which are components of connective tissues such as cartilage. The inappropriate activity of aggrecanase is a mechanism by which cartilage degradation occurs in diseases such as arthritis. At least two forms of aggrecanase exist in humans: ADAMTS4 or aggrecanase-1 and ADAMTS5 or aggrecanase-2. Both proteins contain thrombospondin (TS) motifs required for proper recognition of substrates. Although both proteins can cleave the substrate aggrecan at the same position, they differ in kinetics and in secondary cleavage sites.
References
ADAMTS
EC 3.4.24 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerchip | Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) products, in particular memory chips and other integrated circuits. As of 2020, the company was the 7th largest semiconductor foundry in the world with three 12 inch and two 8 inch wafer labs. The company offers foundry services as well as design, manufacturing and test services. It was formerly known as Powerchip Semiconductor Corp. and changed its name in June 2010. Powerchip Technology Corporation was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Overview
In 2017, its net profit was NT$8.08 billion. The company plans to invest NT$278 billion (US$9.04 billion) to build two new 12-inch wafer plants in Hsinchu Science Park, with construction scheduled to start in 2020
In March 2021, Powerchip broke ground on a new factory in Miaoli County that will manufacture chips with 45-nanometer and 50-nanometer technologies. The plant will employ and additional 3,000 workers.
Powerchip is a significant supplier to the automotive industry.
See also
List of semiconductor fabrication plants
List of companies of Taiwan
References
Semiconductor companies of Taiwan
Foundry semiconductor companies
Manufacturing companies based in Hsinchu
Electronics companies established in 1994
Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange
Private equity portfolio companies
Taiwanese brands
Taiwanese companies established in 1994 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Turnblad | Edna Turnblad is a character from the following four media:
Hairspray (1988 film), played by Divine
Hairspray (musical), played on Broadway by Harvey Fierstein
Hairspray (2007 film), played by John Travolta
Hairspray Live!, played, on live television in December 2016, by Harvey Fierstein
Hairspray Broadway National Tour (2021) played by Nina West |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20microarray | A cellular microarray (or cell microarray) is a laboratory tool that allows for the multiplex interrogation of living cells on the surface of a solid support. The support, sometimes called a "chip", is spotted with varying materials, such as antibodies, proteins, or lipids, which can interact with the cells, leading to their capture on specific spots. Combinations of different materials can be spotted in a given area, allowing not only cellular capture, when a specific interaction exists, but also the triggering of a cellular response, change in phenotype, or detection of a response from the cell, such as a specific secreted factor.
There are a large number of types of cellular microarrays:
Reverse transfection cell microarrays. David M. Sabatini's laboratory developed reverse-transfection cell microarrays at the Whitehead Institute, publishing their work in 2001.
PMHC Cellular Microarrays. This type of microarray were developed by Daniel Chen, Yoav Soen, Dan Kraft, Patrick Brown and Mark Davis at Stanford University Medical Center.
References
Chen DS, Davis MM (2006) Molecular and functional analysis using live cell microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:28-34
Chen DS, Soen Y, Stuge TB, Lee PP, Weber JS, Brown PO, Davis MM (2005) Marked Differences in Human Melanoma Antigen-Specific T Cell Responsiveness after Vaccination Using a Functional Microarray. PLoS Med 2: 10: e265 ()
Soen Y., Chen D. S., Kraft D. L., Davis M. M. and Brown P.O. (2003) Detection and character |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-segment | The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.
A-segment sales represent approximately 7–8% of the market in 2010s. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
Definition
As of 2021, A-segment category size span from approximately to (photo comparison of new city cars of all brands sorted by length):
Characteristics
Body styles for A-segment cars in Europe are always hatchbacks. But as crossovers gain popularity, new models may shift to resemble crossovers. Such examples are the Suzuki Ignis and the Toyota Aygo X. Other body styles such as sedans are not present in this segment because these shapes largely prove impractical at typical A-segment dimensions.
History
As of 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, A-segment sales account for 8.1%, 8%, 7.7% and 6.8% market share in Europe respectively.
Current models
In 2020 the ten highest selling A-segment cars in Europe were Fiat Panda, Fiat 500, Toyota Aygo, Renault Twingo, Volkswagen Up!, Hyundai i10, Kia Picanto, Peugeot 108, Citroën C1 and Suzuki Ignis.
100,000 - 200,000 sales (Best-Selling)
50,000 - 100,000 sales
10,000 - 50,000 sales
Sales figures in Europe
Market share in Europe
2019 - In 2019, sales of minicars were down 2% compared to a total market gain of 1% which means this segment now makes up 7.7% of the total European car market at 1.21 million sales |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallenius%27%20noncentral%20hypergeometric%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution (named after Kenneth Ted Wallenius) is a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution where items are sampled with bias.
This distribution can be illustrated as an urn model with bias. Assume, for example, that an urn contains m1 red balls and m2 white balls, totalling N = m1 + m2 balls. Each red ball has the weight ω1 and each white ball has the weight ω2. We will say that the odds ratio is ω = ω1 / ω2. Now we are taking n balls, one by one, in such a way that the probability of taking a particular ball at a particular draw is equal to its proportion of the total weight of all balls that lie in the urn at that moment. The number of red balls x1 that we get in this experiment is a random variable with Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution.
The matter is complicated by the fact that there is more than one noncentral hypergeometric distribution. Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution is obtained if balls are sampled one by one in such a way that there is competition between the balls. Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution is obtained if the balls are sampled simultaneously or independently of each other. Unfortunately, both distributions are known in the literature as "the" noncentral hypergeometric distribution. It is important to be specific about which distribution is meant when using this name.
The two distributions are both equal to the (central) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPML | TRPML (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily) comprises a group of three evolutionarily related proteins that belongs to the large family of transient receptor potential ion channels. The three proteins TRPML1, TRPML2 and TRPML3 are encoded by the mucolipin-1 (MCOLN1), mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2) and mucolipin-3 (MCOLN3) genes, respectively.
The three members of the TRPML ("ML" for mucolipin) sub-family are not extremely well characterized. TRPML1 is known to be localized in late endosomes. This subunit also contains a lipase domain between its S1 and S2 segments. While the function of this domain is unknown it has been proposed that it is involved in channel regulation. Physiological studies have described TRPML1 channels as proton leak channels in lysosomes responsible for preventing these organelles from becoming too acidic. TRPML2 and TRPML3 more poorly characterized than TRPML1.
Deficiencies can lead to enlarged vesicles.
Genes
(TRPML1)
(TRPML2)
(TRPML3)
References
External links
Membrane proteins
Ion channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystin%201 | Polycystin 1 (PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD1 gene. Mutations of PKD1 are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys characterised by the development of renal cysts and severe kidney dysfunction.
Protein structure and function
PC1 is a membrane-bound protein 4303 amino acids in length expressed largely upon the primary cilium, as well as apical membranes, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. It has 11 transmembrane domains, a large extracellular N-terminal domain, and a short (about 200 amino acid) cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. This intracellular domain contains a coiled-coil domain through which PC1 interacts with polycystin 2 (PC2), a membrane-bound Ca2+-permeable ion channel.
PC1 has been proposed to act as a G protein–coupled receptor. The C-terminal domain may be cleaved in a number of different ways. In one instance, a ~35 kDa portion of the tail has been found to accumulate in the cell nucleus in response to decreased fluid flow in the mouse kidney. In another instance, a 15 kDa fragment may be yielded, interacting with transcriptional activator and co-activator STAT6 and p100, or components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in an inhibitory manner.
The structure of the human PKD1-PKD2 complex has been solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which showed a 1:3 ratio of PKD1 and PKD2 in the structure. PKD1 consists of a voltage-gated ion channel fold that interac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPC6 | Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6, also known as TRPC6, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name. TRPC6 is a transient receptor potential channel of the classical TRPC subfamily. It has been associated with depression and anxiety (see below), as well as with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
Interactions
TRPC6 has been shown to interact with:
FYN,
TRPC2, and
TRPC3.
Ligands
Two of the primary active constituents responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic benefits of Hypericum perforatum, also known as St. John's Wort, are hyperforin and adhyperforin. These compounds are inhibitors of the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate, and they are reported to exert these effects by binding to and activating TRPC6. Recent results with hyperforin have cast doubt on these findings as similar currents are seen upon Hyperforin treatment regardless of the presence of TRPC6.
References
Further reading
External links
Membrane proteins
Ion channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20design | Integrated design is a comprehensive holistic approach to design which brings together specialisms usually considered separately. It attempts to take into consideration all the factors and modulations necessary to a decision-making process.
A few examples are the following:
Design of a building which considers whole building design including architecture, structural engineering, passive solar building design and HVAC. The approach may also integrate building lifecycle management and a greater consideration of the end users of the building. The aim of integrated building design is often to produce sustainable architecture.
Design of both a product (or family of products) and the assembly system that will produce it.
Design of an electronic product that considers both hardware and software aspects, although this is often called co-design (not to be confused with participatory design, which is also often called co-design).
The requirement for integrated design comes when the different specialisms are dependent on each other or "coupled". An alternative or complementary approach to integrated design is to consciously reduce the dependencies. In computing and systems design, this approach is known as loose coupling.
Dis-integrated design
Three phenomena are associated with a lack of integrated design:
Silent design: design by default, by omission or by people not aware that they are participating in design activity.
Partial design: design is only used to a limited degree, suc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectonucleotidase | Ectonucleotidases consist of families of nucleotide metabolizing enzymes that are expressed on the plasma membrane and have externally oriented active sites. These enzymes metabolize nucleotides to nucleosides. The contribution of ectonucleotidases in the modulation of purinergic signaling depends on the availability and preference of substrates and on cell and tissue distribution.
Classification
Subfamilies of ectonucleotidases include: CD39/NTPDases (ecto-nucleotide triphosphate diphosphohydrolases), Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP)-type ecto-phosphodiesterases, alkaline phosphatases and ecto-5’-nucleotidases/CD73.
Function
Ectonucleotidases produce key molecules for purine salvage and consequent replenishment of ATP stores within multiple cell types. Dephosphorylated nucleoside derivatives interact with membrane transporters to enable intracellular uptake. Ectonucleotidases modulate P2 purinergic signaling, and P1 receptors. In addition, ectonucleotidases generate extracellular adenosine, which abrogates nucleotide-mediated effects and activates adenosine receptors, often with opposing (patho-) physiological effects.
Adenosine generation
The first step in the production of adenosine involves the conversion of ATP/ADP to AMP. It is carried out by ENTPD1, also known as CD39. The second step involves the conversion of AMP to adenosine. It is carried out by NT5E, also known as CD73.
References
Hydrolases
Purinergic signalling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR8 | SR8 may refer to:
Radical SR8
Radical Sportscars
Small nucleolar RNA sR8
See also
List of highways numbered 8 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%20alpha%20subunit | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Gi alpha subunit}}
Gi protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the Gi/o (Gi /Go ) family or Gi/o/z/t family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as Gi alpha, Gαi, or Giα.
Family members
There are four distinct subtypes of alpha subunits in the Gi/o/z/t alpha subunit family that define four families of heterotrimeric G proteins:
Gi proteins: Gi1α, Gi2α, and Gi3α
Go protein: Goα (in mouse there is alternative splicing to generate Go1α and Go2α)
Gz protein: Gzα
Transducins (Gt proteins): Gt1α, Gt2α, Gt3α
Giα proteins
Gi1α
Gi1α is encoded by the gene GNAI1.
Gi2α
Gi2α is encoded by the gene GNAI2.
Gi3α
Gi3α is encoded by the gene GNAI3.
Goα protein
Go1α is encoded by the gene GNAO1.
Gzα protein
Gzα is encoded by the gene GNAZ.
Transducin proteins
Gt1α
Transducin/Gt1α is encoded by the gene GNAT1.
Gt2α
Transducin 2/Gt2α is encoded by the gene GNAT2.
Gt3α
Gustducin/Gt3α is encoded by the gene GNAT3.
Function
The general function of Gi/o/z/t is to activate intracellular signaling pathways in response to activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector. The transducer in this system is a heterotrimeric G protein, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as Giα, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20instruction%20set%20computing | No instruction set computing (NISC) is a computing architecture and compiler technology for designing highly efficient custom processors and hardware accelerators by allowing a compiler to have low-level control of hardware resources.
Overview
NISC is a statically scheduled horizontal nanocoded architecture (SSHNA). The term "statically scheduled" means that the operation scheduling and Hazard handling are done by a compiler. The term "horizontal nanocoded" means that NISC does not have any predefined instruction set or microcode. The compiler generates nanocodes which directly control functional units, registers and multiplexers of a given datapath. Giving low-level control to the compiler enables better utilization of datapath resources, which ultimately result in better performance. The benefits of NISC technology are:
Simpler controller: no hardware scheduler, no instruction decoder
Better performance: more flexible architecture, better resource utilization
Easier to design: no need for designing instruction-sets
The instruction set and controller of processors are the most tedious and time-consuming parts to design. By eliminating these two, design of custom processing elements become significantly easier.
Furthermore, the datapath of NISC processors can even be generated automatically for a given application. Therefore, designer's productivity is improved significantly.
Since NISC datapaths are very efficient and can be generated automatically, NISC technology i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem%20Cell%20Research%20Enhancement%20Act | Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act was the name of two similar bills that both passed through the United States House of Representatives and Senate, but were both vetoed by President George W. Bush and were not enacted into law.
Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005
The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 () was the first bill ever vetoed by United States President George W. Bush, more than five years after his inauguration. The bill, which passed both houses of Congress, but by less than the two-thirds majority needed to override the veto, would have allowed federal funding of stem cell research on new lines of stem cells derived from discarded human embryos created for fertility treatments.
The bill passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 238 to 194 on May 24, 2005., then passed the Senate by a vote of 63 to 37 on July 18, 2006. President Bush vetoed the bill on July 19, 2006. The House of Representatives then failed to override the veto (235 to 193) on July 19, 2006.
Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007
The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007 (), was proposed federal legislation that would have amended the Public Health Service Act to provide for human embryonic stem cell research. It was similar in content to the vetoed Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005.
The bill passed the Senate on April 11, 2007, by a vote of 63–34, then passed the House on June 7, 2007, by a vote of 247–176. President Bush vetoed the bill on June 19, 200 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffused%20junction%20transistor | A diffused junction transistor is a transistor formed by diffusing dopants into a semiconductor substrate. The diffusion process was developed later than the alloy junction and grown junction processes for making bipolar junction transistors (BJTs).
Bell Labs developed the first prototype diffused junction bipolar transistors in 1954.
Diffused-base transistor
The earliest diffused junction transistors were diffused-base transistors. These transistors still had alloy emitters and sometimes alloy collectors like the earlier alloy-junction transistors. Only the base was diffused into the substrate. Sometimes the substrate formed the collector, but in transistors like Philco's micro-alloy diffused transistors the substrate was the bulk of the base.
Double diffusion
At Bell Labs Calvin Souther Fuller produced basic physical understanding of a means of directly forming the emitter, base, and collector by double diffusion. The method was summarized in a history of science at Bell:
"Fuller had shown that acceptors of low atomic weight diffuse more rapidly than donors, which made possible n–p–n structures by simultaneous diffusion of donors and acceptors of appropriately different surface concentrations. The first n layer (the emitter) was formed because of the greater surface concentration of the donor (for example, antimony). The base formed beyond it because of the more rapid diffusion of the acceptor (for example, aluminum). The inner (collector) boundary of the base appeared w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium%20cadmium%20chloride | Caesium cadmium chloride (CsCdCl3) is a synthetic crystalline material. It belongs to the AMX3 group (where A=alkali metal, M=bivalent metal, X=halogen ions). It crystallizes in a hexagonal space group P63/mmc with unit cell lengths a = 7.403 Å and c = 18.406 Å, with one cadmium ion having D3d symmetry and the other having C3v symmetry.
It is formed when an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid containing an equimolar solution of caesium chloride and cadmium chloride.
References
Metal halides
Crystals
Optical materials
Caesium compounds
Cadmium compounds
Chlorides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelli%27s%20theorem%20%28functional%20analysis%29 | In mathematics, Tonelli's theorem in functional analysis is a fundamental result on the weak lower semicontinuity of nonlinear functionals on Lp spaces. As such, it has major implications for functional analysis and the calculus of variations. Roughly, it shows that weak lower semicontinuity for integral functionals is equivalent to convexity of the integral kernel. The result is attributed to the Italian mathematician Leonida Tonelli.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a bounded domain in -dimensional Euclidean space and let be a continuous extended real-valued function. Define a nonlinear functional on functions by
Then is sequentially weakly lower semicontinuous on the space for and weakly-∗ lower semicontinuous on if and only if the function defined by
is convex.
See also
References
(Theorem 10.16)
Calculus of variations
Convex analysis
Function spaces
Measure theory
Theorems in functional analysis
Variational analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic%20theory%20%28dentistry%29 | In dentistry, the hydrodynamic or fluid movement theory is one of three main theories developed to explain dentine hypersensitivity, which is a sharp, transient pain arising from stimuli exposure. It states that different types of stimuli act on exposed dentine, causing increased fluid flow through the dentinal tubules. In response to this movement, mechanoreceptors on the pulp nerves trigger the acute, temporary pain of dentine hypersensitivity.
The fluid flow mechanism behind hydrodynamic theory was first introduced by Alfred Gysi in 1900, and subsequently developed by Martin Brännström in the 1960s through a series of experimental studies.
Further supporting evidence has since been collected from epidemiological surveys and experimental data comparing dentinal tubule numbers in hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive teeth.
Alternate theories include the “dentine innervation” and “odontoblast transduction” theories, both of which lack substantial supporting evidence. The hydrodynamic theory is currently the accepted explanation for dentine hypersensitivity, upon which several treatment and diagnostic strategies have been built by dental practitioners.
Overview of theory
The hydrodynamic theory proposes that when dentinal tubules are exposed at the pulp and dentine surface, external stimuli cause changes in fluid flow. Dentinal tubules may become exposed due to various reasons: e.g. dental erosion, enamel loss and periodontal diseases.
When exposed dentinal tubules are t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropneumothorax | Hydropneumothorax is defined as the presence of both air and fluid within the pleural space. An upright chest x-ray will show air fluid levels. The horizontal fluid level is usually well defined and extends across the whole length of one of the hemithorax.
Signs and symptoms
This can be remembered by the 4 'S':
straight line dullness,
shifting dullness,
splash,
sound of coin.
Causes
Iatrogenic: Introduction of air during pleural fluid aspiration in effusion
Presence of a gas-forming organism
Thoracic trauma
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be via CXR. CT is better to outline borders of air fluid levels, however, CT has a greater radiation exposure.
Treatment
Treatment includes ICD (intercostal drainage) of fluid and air and treatment of underlying conditions.
References
External links
Diseases of pleura |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browder%E2%80%93Minty%20theorem | In mathematics, the Browder–Minty theorem (sometimes called the Minty–Browder theorem) states that a bounded, continuous, coercive and monotone function T from a real, separable reflexive Banach space X into its continuous dual space X∗ is automatically surjective. That is, for each continuous linear functional g ∈ X∗, there exists a solution u ∈ X of the equation T(u) = g. (Note that T itself is not required to be a linear map.)
The theorem is named in honor of Felix Browder and George J. Minty, who independently proved it.
See also
Pseudo-monotone operator; pseudo-monotone operators obey a near-exact analogue of the Browder–Minty theorem.
References
(Theorem 10.49)
Banach spaces
Theorems in functional analysis
Operator theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF%20and%20microwave%20filter | Radio frequency (RF) and microwave filters represent a class of electronic filter, designed to operate on signals in the megahertz to gigahertz frequency ranges (medium frequency to extremely high frequency). This frequency range is the range used by most broadcast radio, television, wireless communication (cellphones, Wi-Fi, etc.), and thus most RF and microwave devices will include some kind of filtering on the signals transmitted or received. Such filters are commonly used as building blocks for duplexers and diplexers to combine or separate multiple frequency bands.
Filter functions
Four general filter functions are desirable:
Band-pass filter: select only a desired band of frequencies
Band-stop filter: eliminate an undesired band of frequencies
Low-pass filter: allow only frequencies below a cutoff frequency to pass
High-pass filter: allow only frequencies above a cutoff frequency to pass
Filter technologies
In general, most RF and microwave filters are most often made up of one or more coupled resonators, and thus any technology that can be used to make resonators can also be used to make filters. The unloaded quality factor of the resonators being used will generally set the selectivity the filter can achieve. The book by Matthaei, Young and Jones provides a good reference to the design and realization of RF and microwave filters. Generalized filter theory operates with resonant frequencies and coupling coefficients of coupled resonators in a microwave filter. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20gene%20synthesis | Artificial gene synthesis, or simply gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory. It comprises two main steps, the first of which is solid-phase DNA synthesis, sometimes known as DNA printing. This produces oligonucleotide fragments that are generally under 200 base pairs. The second step then involves connecting these oligonucleotide fragments using various DNA assembly methods. Because artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, it is theoretically possible to make a completely synthetic DNA molecule with no limits on the nucleotide sequence or size.
Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively. More recently, artificial gene synthesis methods have been developed that will allow the assembly of entire chromosomes and genomes. The first synthetic yeast chromosome was synthesised in 2014, and entire functional bacterial chromosomes have also been synthesised. In addition, artificial gene synthesis could in the future make use of novel nucleobase pairs (unnatural base pairs).
Standard methods for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal%20ocean%20dynamics%20applications%20radar | Coastal ocean dynamics applications radar (CODAR) describes a type of portable, land-based, high frequency (HF) radar developed between 1973 and 1983 at NOAA's Wave Propagation Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. CODAR is a noninvasive system that permits to measure and map near-surface ocean currents in coastal waters. It is transportable and offers output ocean current maps on site in near real time. Moreover, using CODAR it is possible to measure waves heights and it provides an indirect estimate of local wind direction.
Equipment
CODAR utilizes a compact antenna system that consists of crossed loops and a whip for receiving and a whip for transmitting radio pulses.
The system can be transported by vehicle and it is capable of being operated from a portable power supply; for modern instrumentation a minimum capacity of 1050 Watts is recommended.
CODAR is capable of operating in virtually all weather conditions (it can tolerate temperatures from 0 °F (-18 °C) to 90 °F (32 °C) ) and the relatively small dimensions of the antenna system allow CODAR deployment even in highly populated and rocky coastal areas. However, as the signal is rapidly attenuated by land, the antenna has to be mounted as close to the water surface as possible.
The Operating Frequency Range of modern equipments goes from 3 to 50 MHz and it can be programmed for unattended operation for periods of up to two weeks.
The main equipment is cabled to the electronic segment, that is housed near-by in a shelte |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDOE | WDOE is an AM/FM radio station located in Dunkirk, New York. It is owned by Alan Bishop and George Kimble, who also own sister station WBKX in Fredonia. The station operates on an AM frequency of 1410 kHz. On December 7, 2012, WDOE began simulcasting on an FM translator at 94.9 MHz. On November 5, 2020, it added a second FM signal at 101.5 MHz. The station then dropped is 94.9 FM signal in the spring of 2022.
WDOE operates a mostly automated classic hits format and features two local newsmen, Dave Rowley and Greg Larson. Dan Palmer hosts the morning show from 6:00-8:45 AM, and Dave hosts "Viewpoint," a daily 15-minute public affairs program. The station also broadcasts local high school football, basketball, baseball, and softball games, mainly for Dunkirk and Fredonia high schools.
On Saturdays, WDOE broadcasts the nationally syndicated Backtrax USA from 5:00-7:00 PM and American Top 40: The 1970s from 7:00-10:00 PM. Sunday mornings at 10:00 AM, local personality Tina Zboch hosts an hour-long polka show.
WDOE also serves as an affiliate of ABC News and Buffalo Bills football. Former Bills announcer Van Miller was one of the station's first employees.
Danny Neaverth also worked at the station in the late 1950s.
External links
WDOE Official Website
DOE |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Hawthorne%20%28footballer%29 | Mark David Hawthorne (born 31 October 1973) is a Scottish former professional footballer. He was born in Glasgow.
Hawthorne began his career as a junior with Crystal Palace, turning professional in June 1992. He moved to Sheffield United on a free transfer in August 1994 after failing break into the first team at Selhurst Park. He played three times in the club's Anglo-Italian cup side, but was released later that season again having failed to make his league debut.
He joined Walsall on non-contract terms before moving to Torquay United in March 1995, making his league debut later that season. He was released in the summer of 1997 by Torquay head coach Kevin Hodges after making 58 league appearances. He joined Hayes, but by the end of September had moved to Crawley Town where he made 113 appearances and scored 13 goals. He moved to Slough Town, but returned to Crawley on 3 November 2000 when the travelling to Slough became too much for him. He was released by Crawley at the end of the 2000–2001 season, and after proving his fitness in a trial period, rejoined Slough Town in August 2001.
Hawthorne left Slough to join Carshalton Athletic in November 2002, but left in June 2004, after playing 34 games, to try to find a club closer to his Horsham home. He joined Worthing for pre-season training and again on trial in September 2004.
In January 2005, Hawthorne signed for Burgess Hill Town, but signed for Horsham later that year and was part of the Horsham side during the 2005-0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%20mover%27s%20distance | In computer science, the earth mover's distance (EMD) is a distance-like measure of dissimilarity between two frequency distributions, densities, or measures over a region D.
For probability distributions and normalized histograms, it reduces to the Wasserstein metric .
Informally, if the distributions are interpreted as two different ways of piling up earth (dirt) over the region D, the EMD captures the minimum cost of building the smaller pile using dirt taken from the larger, where cost is defined as the amount of dirt moved multiplied by the ground distance over which it is moved.
Theory
Assume that we have a set of points in (dimension ). Instead of assigning one distribution to the set of points, we can cluster them and represent the point set in terms of the clusters. Thus, each cluster is a single point in and the weight of the cluster is decided by the fraction of the distribution present in that cluster. This representation of a distribution by a set of clusters is called the signature. Two signatures can have different sizes, for example, a bimodal distribution has shorter signature (2 clusters) than complex ones. One cluster representation (mean or mode in ) can be thought of as a single feature in a signature. The distance between each of the features is called as ground distance.
The Earth Mover's Distance can be formulated and solved as a transportation problem. Suppose that several suppliers, each with a given amount of goods, are required to supply severa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20Hall%20probe%20microscope | Scanning Hall probe microscope (SHPM) is a variety of a scanning probe microscope which incorporates accurate sample approach and positioning of the scanning tunnelling microscope with a semiconductor Hall sensor. Developed in 1996 by Oral, Bending and Henini, SHPM allows mapping the magnetic induction associated with a sample. Current state of the art SHPM systems utilize 2D electron gas materials (e.g. GaAs/AlGaAs) to provide high spatial resolution (~300 nm) imaging with high magnetic field sensitivity. Unlike the magnetic force microscope the SHPM provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material. The SHPM can also image magnetic induction under applied fields up to ~1 tesla and over a wide range of temperatures (millikelvins to 300 K).
The SHPM can be used to image many types of magnetic structures such as thin films, permanent magnets, MEMS structures, current carrying traces on PCBs, permalloy disks, and recording media
Advantages to other magnetic raster scanning methods
SHPM is a superior magnetic imaging technique due to many reasons. Although MFM provides higher spatial resolution (~30 nm) imaging, unlike the MFM technique, the Hall probe exerts negligible force on the underlying magnetic structure and is noninvasive. Unlike the magnetic decoration technique, the same area can be scanned over and over again. The magnetic field caused by hall probe is so minimal it has a negligible effect on sample it is measuring. The sample does not |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKAC | WKAC (1080 AM, "The Big 1080") is a radio station in Athens, Alabama, United States, broadcasting on the 1080 kHz frequency. The station is owned by Limestone Broadcasting Company, Inc. It primarily serves the Huntsville, Alabama, market.
Programming
The station plays a mix of local programming and classic hits. Weekday programming includes "Morning Drive with Ken Fox," "Sick Call" hosted by Jay Hudson, "The Classifieds," late mornings with "The Morning Show with Ken and Kirk," middays with Tim Lambert's "Goodtime Gold Midday Show," and afternoons with Kirk Harvey. "Sick Call" is a daily program that announces recent deaths and people in the hospital, a common practice among old-line small-town Southern radio stations; the show first aired in 1953 on WJMW. "The Classifieds," formerly known as "Swap 'n' Shop," is a live call-in tradio show for listing items or services for sale, another Southern radio tradition. The music is an oldies format, which airs throughout the broadcast day. Because of regulations imposed by the Federal Communications Commission to protect WKAC from interfering with signals from nighttime "clear channel" stations elsewhere in the country, WKAC is required to sign off before sunset.
Weekend programming includes a mix of music and local shows. Notable weekend shows include "Applebee's Tailgate Talk" on Saturday mornings. WKAC began internet streaming in 2011, which enables the station to continue programming in the evening and overnight hours after t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock%20market%20index%20option | Stock market index option is a type of option, a financial derivative, that is based on stock indices like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average. They give an investor the right to buy or sell the underlying stock index for a defined time period. Because index options are based on a large basket of stocks, investors are able to gain exposure to the market as a whole and take advantage of diversification. Index options may be tied to the price of either "broad-based indexes" like the S&P 500 or the Russell 3000 or to "narrow-based indexes", which are limited to a particular industry.
The global market for exchange-traded stock market index options is notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) at $368,900 million in 2005. A stock index option provides the right to trade a specific stock index at a specified price by a specified expiration date. A call option on a stock index gives you the right to buy the index, and a put option on a stock index gives you the right to sell the index. Options on stock indexes are similar to exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the difference being that ETF values change throughout the day whereas the value on stock index options change at the end of each trading day. Therefore, profit/loss on an index option is based on the market's closing price for the day, not on any price during the market's open hours. If an index option is exercised before the close of the market, the buyer of the option will in- or out-of-the- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical%20pathway | The spinocervical pathway is a four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex. It involves the primary sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion, second order cell in the dorsal horn, third order cell in the lateral cervical nucleus near C1 and C2, and a fourth order cell in VPL thalamus.
It is well developed in the cat, but vestigial in humans.
References
Central nervous system pathways |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20calculus | Rod calculus or rod calculation was the mechanical method of algorithmic computation with counting rods in China from the Warring States to Ming dynasty before the counting rods were increasingly replaced by the more convenient and faster abacus. Rod calculus played a key role in the development of Chinese mathematics to its height in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, culminating in the invention
of polynomial equations of up to four unknowns in the work of Zhu Shijie.
Hardware
The basic equipment for carrying out rod calculus is a bundle of counting rods and a counting board. The counting rods are usually made of bamboo sticks, about 12 cm- 15 cm in length, 2mm to 4 mm diameter, sometimes from animal bones, or ivory and jade (for well-heeled merchants). A counting board could be a table top, a wooden board with or without grid, on the floor or on sand.
In 1971 Chinese archaeologists unearthed a bundle of well-preserved animal bone counting rods stored in a silk pouch from a tomb in Qian Yang county in Shanxi province, dated back to the first half of Han dynasty (206 BC – 8AD). In 1975 a bundle of bamboo counting rods was unearthed.
The use of counting rods for rod calculus flourished in the Warring States, although no archaeological artefacts were found earlier than the Western Han Dynasty (the first half of Han dynasty; however, archaeologists did unearth software artefacts of rod calculus dated back to the Warring States); since the rod calculus software must have gone alo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YMFC | YMFC may refer to:
Yorkshire Main F.C.
23S rRNA pseudouridine2457 synthase, an enzyme
Young Ministers For Christ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephrin | Ephrins (also known as ephrin ligands or Eph family receptor interacting proteins) are a family of proteins that serve as the ligands of the Eph receptor. Eph receptors in turn compose the largest known subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
Since ephrin ligands (ephrins) and Eph receptors (Ephs) are both membrane-bound proteins, binding and activation of Eph/ephrin intracellular signaling pathways can only occur via direct cell–cell interaction. Eph/ephrin signaling regulates a variety of biological processes during embryonic development including the guidance of axon growth cones, formation of tissue boundaries, cell migration, and segmentation. Additionally, Eph/ephrin signaling has been identified to play a critical role in the maintenance of several processes during adulthood including long-term potentiation, angiogenesis, and stem cell differentiation.
Classification
Ephrin ligands are divided into two subclasses of ephrin-A and ephrin-B based on their structure and linkage to the cell membrane. Ephrin-As are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage and lack a cytoplasmic domain, while ephrin-Bs are attached to the membrane by a single transmembrane domain that contains a short cytoplasmic PDZ-binding motif. The genes that encode the ephrin-A and ephrin-B proteins are designated as EFNA and EFNB respectively. Eph receptors in turn are classified as either EphAs or EphBs based on their binding affinity for either the e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphorase | Diaphorase may refer to:
Cytochrome b5 reductase, an enzyme
NADH dehydrogenase, an enzyme
NADPH dehydrogenase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaibasauridae | Guaibasauridae is a family of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs, known from fossil remains of late Triassic period formations in Brazil and Argentina.
Classification
The exact makeup and classification of the Guaibasauridae remain uncertain. The family was originally named by Jose Bonaparte and colleagues in 1999 to contain a single genus and species, Guaibasaurus candelariensis. When the second specimen of Guaibasaurus was described from better remains in 2007, it became easier to compare it to other enigmatic early saurischians, which are often difficult to classify because they combine characteristics of the two major saurischian groups, Theropoda and Sauropodomorpha. Bonaparte and colleagues, in light of the information gained from this second specimen, found that the genus Saturnalia (which is anatomically very similar to Guaibasaurus) could also be assigned to the Guaibasauridae, though they did not conduct a phylogenetic analysis or define Guaibasauridae as a clade. The researchers also tentatively assigned the poorly understood genus Agnosphitys to this family. However, the latter assignment was not supported by the results of the phylogenetic analyses of early dinosaurs that were carried out by Baron, Norman & Barrett (2017).
Bonaparte and colleagues (2007) found that guaibasaurids have more characteristics in common with theropods than they do with early sauropodomorphs (or "prosauropods"). Because of this, according to Bonaparte, they are most likely either a very b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20coactivator%201 | The nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. NCOA1 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA1, in turn, acylates histones, which makes downstream DNA more accessible to transcription. Hence, NCOA1 assists nuclear receptors in the upregulation of DNA expression.
NCOA1 is also frequently called steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1).
Interactions
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 possesses a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and has been shown to interact with:
Androgen receptor,
C-Fos,
C-jun,
CIITA,
CREB-binding protein,
Cyclin D1,
DDX17,
DDX5 and
Estrogen receptor alpha,
Glucocorticoid receptor,
NFKB1,
PCAF,
PPARGC1A,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,
SNW1,
STAT3,
STAT6,
TRIP4, and
Thyroid hormone receptor beta.
References
External links
Further reading
Transcription coregulators
PAS-domain-containing proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolymer | Geopolymers are inorganic, typically ceramic, alumino-silicate forming long-range, covalently bonded, non-crystalline (amorphous) networks. Obsidian (volcanic glass) fragments are a component of some geopolymer blends. Commercially produced geopolymers may be used for fire- and heat-resistant coatings and adhesives, medicinal applications, high-temperature ceramics, new binders for fire-resistant fiber composites, toxic and radioactive waste encapsulation and new cements for concrete. The properties and uses of geopolymers are being explored in many scientific and industrial disciplines: modern inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, colloid chemistry, mineralogy, geology, and in other types of engineering process technologies. The field of geopolymers is a part of polymer science, chemistry and technology that forms one of the major areas of materials science.
Polymers are either organic material, i.e. carbon-based, or inorganic polymer, for example silicon-based. The organic polymers comprise the classes of natural polymers (rubber, cellulose), synthetic organic polymers (textile fibers, plastics, films, elastomers, etc.) and natural biopolymers (biology, medicine, pharmacy). Raw materials used in the synthesis of silicon-based polymers are mainly rock-forming minerals of geological origin, hence the name: geopolymer. Joseph Davidovits coined the term in 1978 and created the non profit French scientific institution (Association Loi 1901) Institut Géopolymère (Geopolymer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20coactivator%202 | The nuclear receptor coactivator 2 also known as NCoA-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOA2 gene. NCoA-2 is also frequently called glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), steroid receptor coactivator-2 (SRC-2), or transcriptional mediators/intermediary factor 2 (TIF2).
Function
NCoA-2 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. NCOA2 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA2 in turn acetylates histones, which makes downstream DNA more accessible to transcription. Hence, NCOA2 assists nuclear receptors in the upregulation of DNA expression.
GRIP1 is a transcriptional co-activator of the glucocorticoid receptor and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1).
Interactions
Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 has been shown to interact with:
AR,
ARNT,
BRCA1,
DDX17,
DDX5,
ESR1,
NR3C1,
PPFIA4,
PPARG,
RXRA,
SRA1, and
VDR.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription coregulators
PAS-domain-containing proteins |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.