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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRIP1 | GRIP1 may refer to:
Nuclear receptor coactivator 2
GRIP1 (gene)
Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20coactivator%203 | The nuclear receptor coactivator 3 also known as NCOA3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the NCOA3 gene. NCOA3 is also frequently called 'amplified in breast 1' (AIB1), steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3), or thyroid hormone receptor activator molecule 1 (TRAM-1).
Function
NCOA3 is a transcriptional coactivator protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. NCOA3 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA3, in turn, acylates histones, which makes downstream DNA more accessible to transcription. Hence, NCOA3 assists nuclear receptors in the upregulation of gene expression.
Clinical significance
The ratio of PAX2 to AIB-1 protein expression may be predictive of the effectiveness of tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment.
Several molecular mechanisms implicate NCOA3 (AIB1) in the endocrine therapy resistance (depicted in the figure). Signaling pathways or mutations (i.e. HER2/neu overexpression, activating mutations in PIK3CA (PI3K), activating mutations in the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, etc.) that lead to persistent activation of ERK and/or PIK3CA/AKT kinase pathways result, in one hand in an enhanced AIB1 transcriptional coactivation capacity, and in the other hand in the inhibition of the proteasome-dependent AIB1 turn-over and therefore, in AIB1 overexpression. In both conditions, the equilibrium of estrogen receptor (ER) complex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20co-repressor%201 | The nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 also known as thyroid-hormone- and retinoic-acid-receptor-associated co-repressor 1 (TRAC-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOR1 gene.
NCOR1 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein which contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains. In addition, NCOR1 appears to recruit histone deacetylases to DNA promoter regions. Hence NCOR1 assists nuclear receptors in the down regulation of gene expression.
Loss of function of this protein significantly increases the strength and power of mouse muscles.
Family
It is a member of the family of nuclear receptor corepressors; the other human protein that is a member of that family is Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2.
Interactions
Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 has been shown to interact with:
Androgen receptor,
CHD1,
Calcitriol receptor
GPS2,
Glucocorticoid receptor,
HDAC3,
HDAC4,
HDAC7A,
HDAC9,
HEY2,
Histone deacetylase 5,
MAP3K7IP2,
MECP2,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Promyelocytic leukemia protein,
RUNX1T1,
Retinoic acid receptor alpha,
Retinoic acid receptor gamma,
SAP30,
TBL1XR1,
TBL1X, and
ZBTB33.
Further reading
References
External links
Transcription coregulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%20co-repressor%202 | The nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 () is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor-interacting domains. In addition, NCOR2 appears to recruit histone deacetylases to DNA promoter regions. Hence NCOR2 assists nuclear receptors in the down regulation of target gene expression. NCOR2 is also referred to as a silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT) or T3 receptor-associating cofactor 1 (TRAC-1).
Function
NCOR2/SMRT is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several modulatory functional domains including multiple autonomous repression domains as well as two or three C-terminal nuclear receptor-interacting domains. NCOR2/SMRT serves as a repressive coregulatory factor (corepressor) for multiple transcription factor pathways. In this regard, NCOR2/SMRT functions as a platform protein, facilitating the recruitment of histone deacetylases to the DNA promoters bound by its interacting transcription factors.
Family
It is a member of the family of nuclear receptor corepressors; the other human protein that is a member of that family is Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1.
Discovery
SMRT was initially cloned and characterized in the laboratory of Dr. Ronald M. Evans at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. In another early investigation into this molecule, similar findings were reported in a variant referred to as TRAC-1.
Interactions
Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 has been shown to interact with |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corepressor | In genetics and molecular biology, a corepressor is a molecule that represses the expression of genes. In prokaryotes, corepressors are small molecules whereas in eukaryotes, corepressors are proteins. A corepressor does not directly bind to DNA, but instead indirectly regulates gene expression by binding to repressors.
A corepressor downregulates (or represses) the expression of genes by binding to and activating a repressor transcription factor. The repressor in turn binds to a gene's operator sequence (segment of DNA to which a transcription factor binds to regulate gene expression), thereby blocking transcription of that gene.
Function
Prokaryotes
In prokaryotes, the term corepressor is used to denote the activating ligand of a repressor protein. For example, the E. coli tryptophan repressor (TrpR) is only able to bind to DNA and repress transcription of the trp operon when its corepressor tryptophan is bound to it. TrpR in the absence of tryptophan is known as an aporepressor and is inactive in repressing gene transcription. Trp operon encodes enzymes responsible for the synthesis of tryptophan. Hence TrpR provides a negative feedback mechanism that regulates the biosynthesis of tryptophan.
In short tryptophan acts as a corepressor for its own biosynthesis.
Eukaryotes
In eukaryotes, a corepressor is a protein that binds to transcription factors. In the absence of corepressors and in the presence of coactivators, transcription factors upregulate gene express |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT6 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a transcription factor that belongs to the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of proteins. The proteins of STAT family transmit signals from a receptor complex to the nucleus and activate gene expression. Similarly as other STAT family proteins, STAT6 is also activated by growth factors and cytokines. STAT6 is mainly activated by cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-13.
Molecular biology
In the human genome, STAT6 protein is encoded by the STAT6 gene, located on the chromosome 12q13.3-q14.1. The gene encompasses over 19 kb and consists of 23 exons. STAT6 shares structural similarity with the other STAT proteins and is composed of the N-terminal domain, DNA binding domain, SH3- like domain, SH2 domain and transactivation domain (TAD).
STAT proteins are activated by the Janus family (JAKs) tyrosine kinases in response to cytokine exposure. STAT6 is activated by cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) with their receptors that both contain the α subunit of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα). Tyrosine phosporylation of STAT6 after stimulation by IL-4 results in the formation of STAT6 homodimers that bind specific DNA elements via a DNA-binding domain.
Function
STAT6-mediated signaling pathway is required for the development of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and Th2 immune response. Expression of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, was reduced in STAT6-deficient m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT4 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a transcription factor belonging to the STAT protein family, composed of STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B, STAT6. STAT proteins are key activators of gene transcription which bind to DNA in response to cytokine gradient. STAT proteins are a common part of Janus kinase (JAK)- signalling pathways, activated by cytokines.STAT4 is required for the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ production in response to IL-12. There are two known STAT4 transcripts, STAT4α and STAT4β, differing in the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ )production downstream.
Structure
Human as well murine STAT4 genes lie next to STAT1 gene locus suggesting that the genes arose by gene duplication. STAT proteins have six functional domains: 1. N-terminal interaction domain – crucial for dimerization of inactive STATs and nuclear translocation; 2.helical coiled coil domain – association with regulatory factors; 3. central DNA-binding domain – binding to the enhancer region of IFN-γ activated sequence (GAS) family genes; 4. linker domain – assisting during the DNA binding process; 5. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain – critical for specific binding to the cytokine receptor after tyrosine phosphorylation; 6. C-terminal transactivation domain – triggering the transcriptional process. The length of the protein is 748 amino acids, and the molecular weight is 85 941 Dalton.
Expression
Distribution of STAT4 is restricted |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAT2 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT2 gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family. This protein is critical to the biological response of type I interferons (IFNs). STAT2 sequence identity between mouse and human is only 68%.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. In response to IFN, this protein forms a complex with STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48 (IRF9) and form ISGF-3 (IFN-stimulated gene factor-3), in which this protein acts as a transactivator, but lacks the ability to bind DNA directly. ISGF-3 proceeds the activation of genes via the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE). ISRE-driven genes include Ly-6C, the double-stranded RNA kinase (PKR), 2´ to 5´ oligoadenylate synthase (OAS), MX and potentially MHC class I. Transcription adaptor P300/CBP (EP300/CREBBP) has been shown to interact specifically with this protein, which is thought to be involved in the process of blocking IFN-alpha response by adenovirus.
STAT2 knockout mice are unresponsive to type I IFN and extremely vulnerable to viral infection. They indicate the loss of the type I IFN autocrine loop and several defects in macrophages and T cell res |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAS1 | NPAS1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor.
See also
NPAS3
References
External links
Transcription factors
PAS-domain-containing proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAL1 |
T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (i.e. TAL1 but also termed stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute leukemia 1 [i.e. SCL/TAL1]) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAL1 gene.
The protein encoded by TAL1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor.
Interactions
TAL1 has been shown to interact with:
CBFA2T3,
EP300,
GATA1,
LDB1,
LMO1,
LMO2,
SIN3A,
Sp1 transcription factor, and
TCF3.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schatten | Schatten is the German word for shadow. Schatten may also refer to:
People
Gerald Schatten, a US stem cell researcher
Robert Schatten, a Polish mathematician
Arts
Schatten – Eine nächtliche Halluzination, a German silent film |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan%E2%80%93Hadamard%20theorem | In mathematics, the Cartan–Hadamard theorem is a statement in Riemannian geometry concerning the structure of complete Riemannian manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature. The theorem states that the universal cover of such a manifold is diffeomorphic to a Euclidean space via the exponential map at any point. It was first proved by Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt for surfaces in 1881, and independently by Jacques Hadamard in 1898. Élie Cartan generalized the theorem to Riemannian manifolds in 1928 (; ; ). The theorem was further generalized to a wide class of metric spaces by Mikhail Gromov in 1987; detailed proofs were published by for metric spaces of non-positive curvature and by for general locally convex metric spaces.
Riemannian geometry
The Cartan–Hadamard theorem in conventional Riemannian geometry asserts that the universal covering space of a connected complete Riemannian manifold of non-positive sectional curvature is diffeomorphic to Rn. In fact, for complete manifolds of non-positive curvature, the exponential map based at any point of the manifold is a covering map.
The theorem holds also for Hilbert manifolds in the sense that the exponential map of a non-positively curved geodesically complete connected manifold is a covering map (; ). Completeness here is understood in the sense that the exponential map is defined on the whole tangent space of a point.
Metric geometry
In metric geometry, the Cartan–Hadamard theorem is the statement that the uni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligase%20ribozyme | The RNA Ligase ribozyme was the first of several types of synthetic ribozymes produced by in vitro evolution and selection techniques. They are an important class of ribozymes because they catalyze the assembly of RNA fragments into phosphodiester RNA polymers, a reaction required of all extant nucleic acid polymerases and thought to be required for any self-replicating molecule. Ideas that the origin of life may have involved the first self-replicating molecules being ribozymes are called RNA World hypotheses. Ligase ribozymes may have been part of such a pre-biotic RNA world.
In order to copy RNA, fragments or monomers (individual building blocks) that have 5′-triphosphates must be ligated together. This is true for modern (protein-based) polymerases, and is also the most likely mechanism by which a ribozyme self-replicase in an RNA world might function. Yet no one has found a natural ribozyme that can perform this reaction.
In vitro evolution and selection
RNA in vitro evolution or SELEX enables the artificial evolution and selection of RNA molecules that possess a desired property, such as binding affinity for a particular ligand or an activity such as that of an enzyme or catalyst. The first such selections involved isolation of various aptamers that bind to small molecules. The first catalytic RNAs produced by in vitro evolution were RNA ligases, catalytic RNAs that join two RNA fragments to produce a single adduct. The most active ligase known to date is the Class I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiberna | Hiberna in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also known as "chleb zimowy" (winter bread), was an obligation to guarantee accommodation for troops during winter time. It was an obligation of Królewszczyzna (crown lands) and church estates. Initially it was paid in kind, in 1649-1652 it was a targeted tax to support the troops collected by Grand Crown Hetman. Over time hiberna absorbed some other taxes (e.g. Jewish poll tax and kwarta) and extended to other population categories.
The term is borrowed from ancient Rome, where the castra hiberna were a winter camps for Roman legions.
References
Military history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Legal history of Poland
Abolished taxes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically%20modified%20plant | Genetically modified plants have been engineered for scientific research, to create new colours in plants, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors. Many plant cells are pluripotent, meaning that a single cell from a mature plant can be harvested and then under the right conditions form a new plant. This ability is most often taken advantage by genetic engineers through selecting cells that can successfully be transformed into an adult plant which can then be grown into multiple new plants containing transgene in every cell through a process known as tissue culture.
Research
Much of the advances in the field genetic engineering has come from experimentation with tobacco. Major advances in tissue culture and plant cellular mechanisms for a wide range of plants has originated from systems developed in tobacco. It was the first plant to be genetically engineered and is considered a model organism for not only genetic engineering, but a range of other fields. As such the transgenic tools and procedures are well established making it one of the easiest plants to transform. Another major model organism relevant to genetic engineering is Arabidopsis thaliana. Its small genome and short life cycle makes it easy to manipulate and it contains many homologs to important crop species. It was the first plant sequenced, has abundant bioinform |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph%20process | In probability theory, the telegraph process is a memoryless continuous-time stochastic process that shows two distinct values. It models burst noise (also called popcorn noise or random telegraph signal). If the two possible values that a random variable can take are and , then the process can be described by the following master equations:
and
where is the transition rate for going from state to state and is the transition rate for going from going from state to state . The process is also known under the names Kac process (after mathematician Mark Kac), and dichotomous random process.
Solution
The master equation is compactly written in a matrix form by introducing a vector ,
where
is the transition rate matrix. The formal solution is constructed from the initial condition (that defines that at , the state is ) by
.
It can be shown that
where is the identity matrix and is the average transition rate. As , the solution approaches a stationary distribution given by
Properties
Knowledge of an initial state decays exponentially. Therefore, for a time , the process will reach the following stationary values, denoted by subscript s:
Mean:
Variance:
One can also calculate a correlation function:
Application
This random process finds wide application in model building:
In physics, spin systems and fluorescence intermittency show dichotomous properties. But especially in single molecule experiments probability distributions featuring algebraic tails a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade%20algorithm | In the mathematical topic of wavelet theory, the cascade algorithm is a numerical method for calculating function values of the basic scaling and wavelet functions of a discrete wavelet transform using an iterative algorithm. It starts from values on a coarse sequence of sampling points and produces values for successively more densely spaced sequences of sampling points. Because it applies the same operation over and over to the output of the previous application, it is known as the cascade algorithm.
Successive approximation
The iterative algorithm generates successive approximations to ψ(t) or φ(t) from {h} and {g} filter coefficients. If the algorithm converges to a fixed point, then that fixed point is the basic scaling function or wavelet.
The iterations are defined by
For the kth iteration, where an initial φ(0)(t) must be given.
The frequency domain estimates of the basic scaling function is given by
and the limit can be viewed as an infinite product in the form
If such a limit exists, the spectrum of the scaling function is
The limit does not depends on the initial shape assume for φ(0)(t). This algorithm converges reliably to φ(t), even if it is discontinuous.
From this scaling function, the wavelet can be generated from
Successive approximation can also be derived in the frequency domain.
References
C.S. Burrus, R.A. Gopinath, H. Guo, Introduction to Wavelets and Wavelet Transforms: A Primer, Prentice-Hall, 1988, .
http://cnx.org/con |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%CF%80%20theorem | In mathematics, the theorem of Gromov and Thurston states a sufficient condition for Dehn filling on a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold to result in a negatively curved 3-manifold.
Let be a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold. Disjoint horoball neighborhoods of each cusp can be selected. The boundaries of these neighborhoods are quotients of horospheres and thus have Euclidean metrics. A slope, i.e. unoriented isotopy class of simple closed curves on these boundaries, thus has a well-defined length by taking the minimal Euclidean length over all curves in the isotopy class. The theorem states: a Dehn filling of with each filling slope greater than results in a 3-manifold with a complete metric of negative sectional curvature. In fact, this metric can be selected to be identical to the original hyperbolic metric outside the horoball neighborhoods.
The basic idea of the proof is to explicitly construct a negatively curved metric inside each horoball neighborhood that matches the metric near the horospherical boundary. This construction, using cylindrical coordinates, works when the filling slope is greater than . See for complete details.
According to the geometrization conjecture, these negatively curved 3-manifolds must actually admit a complete hyperbolic metric. A horoball packing argument due to Thurston shows that there are at most 48 slopes to avoid on each cusp to get a hyperbolic 3-manifold. For one-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds, an improvement due to Colin A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20turbine | A radial turbine is a turbine in which the flow of the working fluid is radial to the shaft. The difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the fluid flows through the components (compressor and turbine). Whereas for an axial turbine the rotor is 'impacted' by the fluid flow, for a radial turbine, the flow is smoothly orientated perpendicular to the rotation axis, and it drives the turbine in the same way water drives a watermill. The result is less mechanical stress (and less thermal stress, in case of hot working fluids) which enables a radial turbine to be simpler, more robust, and more efficient (in a similar power range) when compared to axial turbines. When it comes to high power ranges (above 5 MW) the radial turbine is no longer competitive (due to its heavy and expensive rotor) and the efficiency becomes similar to that of the axial turbines.
Advantages and challenges
Compared to an axial flow turbine, a radial turbine can employ a relatively higher pressure ratio (≈4) per stage with lower flow rates. Thus these machines fall in the lower specific speed and power ranges. For high temperature applications rotor blade cooling in radial stages is not as easy as in axial turbine stages. Variable angle nozzle blades can give higher stage efficiencies in a radial turbine stage even at off-design point operation. In the family of water turbines, the Francis turbine is a very well-known IFR turbine which generates much greater power with a relatively l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Day | Crystal Day is an American actress and singer.
Early life
Day started in the theater at the age of six. Her largest adolescent role came when she was eight when she starred as Marta Von Trapp (second youngest child) in the popular musical, The Sound of Music. The production was performed eight times a week. In addition, she was a part of the theater production of Tobacco Road, performing alongside Lin Shaye. At 13 years old, Crystal Day entered a studio in Nashville, Tennessee and started recording songs for her first CD "Anything Can Happen"
She teamed up with Grammy-winning producer Tom Weir at Studio City Sound (Kelly Clarkson, Lee Ann Womack, Willie Nelson, LMFAO). During that time, she also began taking classes at the Songwriting School of Los Angeles. After honing her songwriting craft in L.A., Day went to Music City where she began co-writing with professional songwriters, joining forces with Nashville producer Biff Watson (Blake Shelton, Keith Urban, Tim McGraw, Lady Antebellum, Charles Kelley, Martina McBride, etc.) and developing material for her upcoming EP Brave.
She began taking acting lessons and had soon landed roles in several independent films such as Brain Blockers and The Passing. She also wrote and performed songs that were featured on the sound tracks of those two films.
She became a fixture in the Los Angeles theater scene, performing in several productions before moving to Nashville to focus on her music career.
Music career
Day opened for multi-pla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincherle | Pincherle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Salvatore Pincherle (1853–1936), Italian mathematician
Pincherle derivative, in mathematics
Marc Pincherle (1888–1974), French musicologist, music critic
Alberto Pincherle (1907–1990), Italian novelist, better known by his pen name Alberto Moravia
Italian-language surnames
Surnames of Sephardic origin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20career%20achievements%20by%20Gary%20Gait | This page details statistics, records, and other achievements pertaining to Gary Gait.
Professional career statistics and achievements
National Lacrosse League
Source: NLL.com
Major League Lacrosse
Source: majorleaguelacrosse.com
National Lacrosse League Achievements
7-time regular season leader, total goals (1995–99, 2003, 2004)
2-time regular season leader, total assists (1991, 1997)
7-time regular season leader, total points (1991, 1995, 1997–00, 2004)
Championship Game
played in 7 championship games (1 Detroit, 4 Philadelphia and 2 Baltimore)
does not hold any Championship Game records
Rank among NLL Championship Game leaders in other stats:
3rd, goals, career (21)
4th, assists, career (15)
Playoffs
Holds NLL Playoff Records for:
goals, career (65)
All-Star Game
selected 4 times
does not hold any All-Star Game records
Rank among NLL All-Star Game leaders in other stats:
2nd, goals, game (5)
Behind Mark Steenhuis (6)
2nd, points, game (8)
scored 5 goals and 3 assists for 8 points (1991 All-Star game)
Behind Paul Cantabene (10)
5th, goals, career (6)
Tied with Gavin Prout
Regular season
Holds NLL regular season records for:
MVP honors (6)
The only other player to win multiple MVP Awards is John Tavares (3)
consecutive MVP honors (5)
All-Pro Team honors (15)
consecutive All-Pro Team honors (15)
All-Pro First Team honors (14)
consecutive All-Pro First Team honors (14)
goals per game, career (3.425)
goals, game (10)
Set vs. the Toronto Rock on J |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20events%20in%20NHGRI%20history | Important events in the history of the National Human Genome Research Institute at the National Institutes of Health.
1988
February 29 – March 1, 1988 – National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director James Wyngaarden assembles scientists, administrators and science policy experts in Reston, Va., to lay out a plan for the Human Genome Project (HGP).
August 15, 1988 – A program advisory committee on the human genome is established to advise the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on all aspects of research in the area of genomic analysis.
October 1, 1988 – The Office for Human Genome Research is created within the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Also, NIH and the Department of Energy (DOE) sign a memorandum of understanding to "coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome."
1989
January 3–4, 1989 – The program advisory committee on the human genome holds its first meeting in Bethesda, MD.
October 1, 1989 – The National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR) is established to carry out the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) component of the United States Human Genome Project. The center's first director is James D. Watson, co-discoverer with Francis Crick of the double-helical structure of DNA.
1990
April 1990 – A five-year plan with specific goals for the project is published.
May 8, 1990 – The National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research is established.
July 1, 1990 – The Genome Research Review Commi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2H | C2H or C2H may refer to:
Science
Ethynyl radical, an organic compound with the chemical formula C≡CH (also written [CCH] or C2H)
Cinnamate/coumarate 2-hydroxylase, an enzyme in the umbellic acid biosynthesis pathway
Candida two-hybrid (C2H) system, a variant of the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system
Other uses
Cinema2Home, a cinema distribution platform founded by Cheran
Contract-to-hire, a form of temporary work |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORYX | ORYX is an encryption algorithm used in cellular communications in order to protect data traffic. It is a stream cipher designed to have a very strong 96-bit key strength with a way to reduce the strength to 32-bits for export. However, due to mistakes the actual strength is a trivial 16-bits and any signal can be cracked after the first 25–27 bytes.
It is one of the four cryptographic primitives standardized by TIA's for use in their digital cellular communications standards TDMA and CDMA.
Algorithm description
ORYX is a simple stream cipher based on binary linear-feedback shift registers (LFSRs) to protect cellular data transmissions (for wireless data services).
The cipher ORYX has four components: three 32-bit LFSRs which labeled as LFSRA, LFSRB and LFSRK, and an S-box containing a known permutation P of the integer values 0 to 255.
The feedback function for LFSRK is defined as:
Lt + 32 = Lt + 28 ⊕ Lt + 19 ⊕ Lt + 18 ⊕ Lt + 16 ⊕ Lt + 14 ⊕ Lt + 11 ⊕ Lt + 10 ⊕ Lt + 9 ⊕ Lt + 6 ⊕ Lt + 5 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
The feedback functions for LFSRA are defined as:
Lt + 32 = Lt + 26 ⊕ Lt + 23 ⊕ Lt + 22 ⊕ Lt + 16 ⊕ Lt + 12 ⊕ Lt + 11 ⊕ Lt + 10 ⊕ Lt + 8 ⊕ Lt + 7 ⊕ Lt + 5 ⊕ Lt + 4 ⊕ Lt + 2 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
and
Lt + 32 = Lt + 27 ⊕ Lt + 26 ⊕ Lt + 25 ⊕ Lt + 24 ⊕ Lt + 23 ⊕ Lt + 22 ⊕ Lt + 17 ⊕ Lt + 13 ⊕ Lt + 11 ⊕ Lt + 10 ⊕ Lt + 9 ⊕ Lt + 8 ⊕ Lt + 7 ⊕ Lt + 2 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
The feedback function for LFSRB is:
Lt + 32 = Lt + 31 ⊕ Lt + 21 ⊕ Lt + 20 ⊕ Lt + 16 ⊕ Lt + 15 ⊕ Lt + 6 ⊕ Lt + 3 ⊕ Lt + 1 ⊕ Lt
Se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOC%20channels | Store-operated channels (SOCs) are ion channels located in the plasma membrane of cells. These channels are most studied in regard to their role in calcium entry into the cytoplasm from extracellular milieu. There are other SOC channels selective to other ions. Calcium SOCs are especially important for the cell because they are the major source of intracellular calcium; and calcium itself is involved in a wide array of vital cellular functions. SOCs are so called because they are activated by intracellular calcium (particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)) stores depletion by both physiological or pharmacological processes.
See also
Calcium release activated channel
References
Further reading
Cell anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpack%2C%20Senegal | Mpack (also spelt Mpak) is a village in Niaguis Arrondissement, Ziguinchor Department, Ziguinchor Region in southern Senegal. Government statistics classified it as a rural community and recorded its population as 518 people in 72 households. It is located about seven kilometres from the regional capital of Ziguinchor. It is one of the endpoints of the 90-km long Oussouye-Kabrousse-Cap Skirring-Ziguinchor-Mpack road, which is being rebuilt with 17 billion CFA francs of funding from the European Union. The village used to be on the front lines of the Casamance Conflict between the Senegalese government and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance.
The town contains the only border checkpoint between Senegal and Guinea-Bissau with an asphalt road; its counterpart on the Guinea-Bissau side is Sao Domingos. During the 1998 Guinea-Bissau Civil War, up to 100 refugees an hour passed through the checkpoint and the village as they fled the fighting. Later, as the Casamance Conflict intensified, the checkpoint was frequently closed, as MDFC members were believed to be taking refuge in Guinea-Bissau. The area was also heavily mined during the fighting; local NGOs made efforts to clear the mines in 2002 and 2003, rehabilitating over 100 houses in the village and its surrounding area, following which the Senegalese military declared the area safe; however, casualties due to exploding mines continued to occur in 2004. A camp was set up in the Bourgadié neighbourhood there in March |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grown-junction%20transistor | The grown-junction transistor was the first type of bipolar junction transistor made. It was invented by William Shockley at Bell Labs on June 23, 1948 (patent filed June 26, 1948), six months after the first bipolar point-contact transistor. The first germanium prototypes were made in 1949. Bell Labs announced Shockley’s grown-junction transistor on July 4, 1951.
An NPN grown-junction transistor is made of a single crystal of semiconductor material which has two PN junctions grown into it. During the growth process, a seed crystal is slowly pulled from a bath of molten semiconductor, which then grows into a rod-shaped crystal (boule). The molten semiconductor is doped N-type at the start. At a predetermined moment in the growth process a small pellet of a P-type dopant is added, almost immediately followed by a somewhat larger pellet of an N-type dopant. These dopants dissolve in the molten semiconductor changing the type of semiconductor subsequently grown. The resulting crystal has a thin layer of P-type material sandwiched between sections of N-type material. This P-type layer may be as little as a thousandth of an inch (25 μm) thick. The crystal is sliced, leaving the thin P-type layer in the center of the slice, then cut into bars. Each bar is made into a transistor by soldering its N-type ends to supporting and conducting leads, then welding a very fine gold lead to the central P-type layer, and finally encasing in a hermetically sealed can. A similar process, using t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaschke%20selection%20theorem | The Blaschke selection theorem is a result in topology and convex geometry about sequences of convex sets. Specifically, given a sequence of convex sets contained in a bounded set, the theorem guarantees the existence of a subsequence and a convex set such that converges to in the Hausdorff metric. The theorem is named for Wilhelm Blaschke.
Alternate statements
A succinct statement of the theorem is that the metric space of convex bodies is locally compact.
Using the Hausdorff metric on sets, every infinite collection of compact subsets of the unit ball has a limit point (and that limit point is itself a compact set).
Application
As an example of its use, the isoperimetric problem can be shown to have a solution. That is, there exists a curve of fixed length that encloses the maximum area possible. Other problems likewise can be shown to have a solution:
Lebesgue's universal covering problem for a convex universal cover of minimal size for the collection of all sets in the plane of unit diameter,
the maximum inclusion problem,
and the Moser's worm problem for a convex universal cover of minimal size for the collection of planar curves of unit length.
Notes
References
Geometric topology
Compactness theorems
ru:Теорема выбора Бляшке |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake%20%28disambiguation%29 | An intake is an opening or structure through which air/fluid is admitted to a space or machine.
Intake may also refer to:
Places
United Kingdom
Intake, Doncaster, a suburb of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
Intake, Sheffield, a residential area in Richmond, Sheffield, England
Intake, County Londonderry, an archeological site in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
Intake, Leeds, a place in West Yorkshire, England: see List of United Kingdom locations: In-Ir#In
United States
Intake, Montana, an unincorporated community in Dawson County, Montana
Intake Creek, a creek near the former Weston, Washington
Other
Intake (land), a parcel of land reclaimed from a moor
Intake (video game), a 2013 game by Cipher Prime
See also
Intack, a location in Lancashire, England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Salzman | Lorna Salzman (née Lorna Jackson, born 1935) is an American environmental activist, writer, lecturer, and community organizer. She was a candidate for the 2004 presidential nomination of the Green Party of the United States.
Biography
Salzman was born in 1935 in New York City and raised in the borough of Brooklyn. She completed a BA at Cornell University in 1956.
In the early 1960s, Salzman began community organizing with her husband Eric Salzman against gentrification in Brooklyn Heights as a founder of the North Brooklyn Heights Community Group, and in the late 1960s, as a founder of the group Citizens for Local Democracy. In 1970, she attended the first public meeting of Friends of the Earth U.S., became a volunteer in 1972, and in 1975 became employed as the first representative for the Mid-Atlantic region. During this time, she began to focus on issues related to nuclear power, and in 1975, participated in a campaign that successfully stopped the transportation of radioactive waste through New York City in 1976. She worked with FOE staffer Pamela Lippe on local campaigns opposing nuclear power in New Hampshire, Long Island and Montague, Massachusetts, corresponded with scientists in the nuclear physics field, and wrote to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and The New York Times.
After Friends of the Earth, Salzman worked for the New York City Department of Environmental Protection as a natural resource specialist, and became involved in green politics in New York. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Hellesen | Frederik Louis Wilhelm Hellesen (2 February 1836 – 22 December 1892) was a Danish inventor and industrialist. In 1887 he designed what is thought to be the first dry cell battery based on the Leclanché cell design. The same year he founded the company W. Hellesen In 1889 he sold his first batteries to the Danish Telephone Company. The same year a young chemist Valdemar Ludvigsen (1861–1939) came to the factory helping by the further development of the batteries. When Frederik Hellesen died in 1892 his widow took over the company with the help of Ludvigsen. In 1906 V. Ludvigsen became the sole owner of the factory with the name A/S Hellesens Enke & V. Ludvigsen. (later known as A/S Tudor-Hellesens, A/S Hellesens, and GN Hellesens), now defunct. Today the Hellesens brand name is owned by Duracell. In 1992 the Danish company was sold to GP Batteries International in Singapore belonging to Gold Peak Industries Ltd. Hong Kong. In 2005 the last factory in Thisted was closed and all machinery were shipped to a new factory in Malaysia.
External links
The Technical Museum, Denmark (in Danish)
Notes and references
19th-century Danish inventors
1836 births
1892 deaths
People from Kalundborg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfson%20Microelectronics | Wolfson Microelectronics plc was a microelectronics and fabless semiconductor company headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland. It specialised in signal processing and mixed-signal chips for the consumer electronics market and had engineering and sales offices throughout Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the United States. In 2014, it was acquired by Cirrus Logic for £291 million.
History
Wolfson Microelectronics plc was started in 1984 by David Milne and Jim Reid. Within a year, the company had 20 employees and a deal with Fujitsu. Wolfson grew and floated on the London Stock Exchange in 2003 and be listed in the FTSE 250. Both Milne and Reid had connections with the University of Edinburgh; Reid attained a First Class Honours degree in EEE, and Milne directed the Wolfson Microelectronics Institute at King's Buildings from 1973 to 1985. In February, 2007, when Milne chose to step down, he was replaced in his CEO role by Dave Shrigley, previously Vice-President at Intel Corporation. His departure was one of a number of executive changes in late 2006, as Financial Director George Elliott also stood down.
In 2006, Milne was declared Entrepreneur of the Year by the CBI, and Wolfson named Company of the Year. In November 2006 David Shrigley became the CEO of Wolfson, his first appointment at this level: he had previously worked for Intel in the Asia-Pacific region, and held directorships elsewhere.
In 2007, Wolfson acquired Sonaptic Ltd, consisting of former Sensaura employees, intending |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20dispersibility%20index | The Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI) is a means of comparing the solubility of a protein in water, and is widely used in the soybean product industry.
A sample of the soybeans are ground, mixed with a specific quantity of water, and the two are then blended together at a specific rpm for a specific time. The resulting mixture and original bean flour then have their protein content measured using a combustion test, and the PDI is calculated as the percentage of the protein in the mix divided by the percentage in the flour - a PDI of 100 therefore indicates total solubility.
It has been shown that the PDI can be affected, not only by the type of soybean used, but also by manufacturing processes - heat has been shown to lower the PDI.
The PDI required of a soyflour is dependent on the purpose to which the soybeans are to be put. Manufacturers of soymilk and tofu products want a high PDI to ensure the maximum protein content in their products. However, manufacturers of soy-based fish feed require a low PDI to avoid loss of valuable protein into the surrounding water.
References
Dudley-Cash, W.A. 1999. Methods for determining quality of soybean meal protein important. Feedstuffs. 71(1):10-11.
Soy products
Nutrition |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean%20meal | Soybean meal is used in food and animal feeds, principally as a protein supplement, but also as a source of metabolizable energy. Typically 1 bushel (i.e. 60 lbs. or 27.2 kg) of soybeans yields 48 lbs. (21.8 kg) of soybean meal. Soybean meal is produced as a co-product of soybean oil extraction. Some, but not all, soybean meal contains ground soybean hulls. Soybean meal is heat-treated during production, to denature the trypsin inhibitors of soybeans, which would otherwise interfere with protein digestion.
Major kinds of soybean meal
Three main kinds of soybean meal are produced:
• Full-fat soybean meal, made from whole soybeans. It has a high metabolizable energy concentration. (For example, metabolizable energy for swine in this product is about 3.69 megacalories (i.e. 15.4 MJ) per kg dry matter.) Crude protein concentration is about 38 percent (as fed). This kind of product is sometimes fed to various classes of livestock.
• Defatted soybean meal, containing no hulls. This product has an intermediate energy concentration. (For example, metabolizable energy for swine in this product is about 3.38 megacalories (i.e. 14.1 MJ) per kg dry matter.) Crude protein concentration is about 48 percent. This percentage [which is commonly used in describing the product] is calculated at the typical as-fed moisture content of 88 percent. Thus, crude protein concentration expressed on a dry matter basis is 54 percent. This product is commonly fed to swine, broilers and layers.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%27s%20theorem | Kolmogorov's theorem is any of several different results by Andrey Kolmogorov:
In statistics
Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
In probability theory
Hahn–Kolmogorov theorem
Kolmogorov extension theorem
Kolmogorov continuity theorem
Kolmogorov's three-series theorem
Kolmogorov's zero–one law
Chapman–Kolmogorov equations
Kolmogorov inequalities
Kolmogorov's inequality
Kolmogorov's inequality for positive submartingales
In functional analysis
Landau–Kolmogorov inequality
Fréchet–Kolmogorov theorem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat%20middlings | Wheat middlings (also known as millfeed, wheat mill run, or wheat midds) are the product of the wheat milling process that is not flour. A good source of protein, fiber, phosphorus, and other nutrients, they are a useful fodder for livestock and pets. They are also being researched for use as a biofuel.
Production
White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the bran or fiber part. In addition to marketing the bran and germ as products in their own right, middlings include shorts (making up approximately 12% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm, bran, and germ with an average particle size of 500-900 microns) and red dog (actually a low-grade flour, making up approximately 3% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm and bran, with an average particle size of 100-300 microns).
The middlings include those portions of the wheat kernel that are richest in proteins, vitamins, lipids and minerals. For example, highly refined patent flour may contain only 10 to 12% of the total thiamine and niacin, 20% of the phosphorus, and 50% of the calcium of the parent grain.
Classification inconsistencies
The term is somewhat imprecise, as it does not take into account the various mill streams and proportions that are combined and ultimately constitute the product's final composition. As a consequence of this inconsistent terminology, difficulties are encountered when ascertainin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%27s%20noncentral%20hypergeometric%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution is a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution where sampling probabilities are modified by weight factors. It can also be defined as the conditional distribution of two or more binomially distributed variables dependent upon their fixed sum.
The distribution may be illustrated by the following urn model. Assume, for example, that an urn contains m1 red balls and m2 white balls, totalling N = m1 + m2 balls. Each red ball has the weight ω1 and each white ball has the weight ω2. We will say that the odds ratio is ω = ω1 / ω2. Now we are taking balls randomly in such a way that the probability of taking a particular ball is proportional to its weight, but independent of what happens to the other balls. The number of balls taken of a particular color follows the binomial distribution. If the total number n of balls taken is known then the conditional distribution of the number of taken red balls for given n is Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution. To generate this distribution experimentally, we have to repeat the experiment until it happens to give n balls.
If we want to fix the value of n prior to the experiment then we have to take the balls one by one until we have n balls. The balls are therefore no longer independent. This gives a slightly different distribution known as Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution. It is far from obvious why these two distributio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxazolam | Oxazolam is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam.
See also
Benzodiazepine
References
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams
Oxazolobenzodiazepines
Prodrugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caristi%20fixed-point%20theorem | In mathematics, the Caristi fixed-point theorem (also known as the Caristi–Kirk fixed-point theorem) generalizes the Banach fixed-point theorem for maps of a complete metric space into itself. Caristi's fixed-point theorem modifies the -variational principle of Ekeland (1974, 1979). The conclusion of Caristi's theorem is equivalent to metric completeness, as proved by Weston (1977).
The original result is due to the mathematicians James Caristi and William Arthur Kirk.
Caristi fixed-point theorem can be applied to derive other classical fixed-point results, and also to prove the existence of bounded solutions of a functional equation.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a complete metric space. Let and be a lower semicontinuous function from into the non-negative real numbers. Suppose that, for all points in
Then has a fixed point in that is, a point such that The proof of this result utilizes Zorn's lemma to guarantee the existence of a minimal element which turns out to be a desired fixed point.
References
Fixed-point theorems
Metric geometry
Theorems in real analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WXSM | WXSM (640 AM) is a radio station serving the Tri-Cities, Tennessee vicinity with a sports format as a CBS Sports Radio affiliate. It broadcasts on AM frequency 640 kHz and is under ownership of Cumulus Media. WXSM also broadcasts Tennessee Titans NFL games, plus ETSU Buccaneer and Dobyns-Bennett High School games.
History
This station had the callsign WCQR on June 16, 1986, then changing to WJTZ on November 2, 1987. From April 9, 1993 until February 26, 2007, the 640 frequency was home to classic country WGOC.
References
External links
640 WXSM official website
XSM
Cumulus Media radio stations
CBS Sports Radio stations
Sports radio stations in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMOS%20logic | PMOS or pMOS logic (from p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor) is a family of digital circuits based on p-channel, enhancement mode metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, PMOS logic was the dominant semiconductor technology for large-scale integrated circuits before being superseded by NMOS and CMOS devices.
History and application
Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng manufactured the first working MOSFET at Bell Labs in 1959. They fabricated both PMOS and NMOS devices but only the PMOS devices were working. It would be more than a decade before contaminants in the manufacturing process (particularly sodium) could be managed well enough to manufacture practical NMOS devices.
Compared to the bipolar junction transistor, the only other device available at the time for use in an integrated circuit, the MOSFET offers a number of advantages:
Given semiconductor device fabrication processes of similar precision, a MOSFET requires only 10% of the area of a bipolar junction transistor. The main reason is that the MOSFET is self-insulating and does not require p–n junction isolation from neighboring components on the chip.
A MOSFET requires fewer process steps and is therefore simpler and cheaper to manufacture (one diffusion doping step compared to four for a bipolar process).
Since there is no static gate current for a MOSFET, the power consumption of an integrated circuit based on MOSFETs can be lower.
Disadvantages relative |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Eclipse%20projects | The following is a list of notable Eclipse projects.
Although some of the listed projects play a vital role for the Eclipse IDE the Eclipse project ecosystem covers a significantly larger scope than the Eclipse IDE.
Official projects
These projects are maintained by the Eclipse community and hosted by the Eclipse Foundation.
Top-level sub-projects
Eclipse Platform is the core framework that all other Eclipse projects are built on.
Java development tools (JDT) provides support for core Java SE. This includes a standalone fast incremental compiler.
Plug-in Development Environment (PDE) provides tools to create, develop, test, debug, build and deploy Eclipse plug-ins, fragments, features, update sites and RCP products.
Orion, CHE, Dirigible and Theia are browser-based IDEs and open tool integration platform which is entirely focused on developing for the web, in the web. Tools are written in JavaScript and run in the browser.
Oniro is an Open Source software platform, having an operating system, standard APIs and basic applications.
Tools
The following sub-projects are located under the Tools sub-project:
Buckminster adds support for Component Assemblies.
C/C++ Development Tools (CDT) adds support for C/C++ syntax highlighting, code formatting, debugger integration and project structures. Unlike the JDT project, the CDT project does not add a compiler and relies on an external tool chain.
Graphical Editing Framework (GEF) allows developers to build standalone gra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPEB | CPEB, or cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein, is a highly conserved RNA-binding protein that promotes the elongation of the polyadenine tail of messenger RNA. CPEB most commonly activates the target RNA for translation, but can also act as a repressor, dependent on its phosphorylation state. In animals, CPEB is expressed in several alternative splicing isoforms that are specific to particular tissues and functions, including the self-cleaving Mammalian CPEB3 ribozyme. CPEB was first identified in Xenopus oocytes and associated with meiosis; a role has also been identified in the spermatogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans.
CPEB is involved in closed-loop regulation of mRNAs that keeps them inactive. The closed-loop structure between the 3'UTR and 5'UTR inhibits translation. This has been observed in Xenopus laevis in which eIF4E bound to the 5' cap interacts with Maskin bound to CPEB on the 3' UTR creating translationally inactive transcripts. This translational inhibition is lifted once CPEB is phosphorylated, displacing the Maskin binding site, allowing for the polymerization of the PolyA tail, which can recruit the translational machinery by means of PABP. However, it is important to note that this mechanism has been under great scrutiny.
Role in memory
Drosophila Orb2 binds to genes implicated in long-term memory. An isoform of CPEB found in the neurons of the sea slug Aplysia californica, as well as in Drosophila, mice, and humans, contains an N-terminal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic%20polyadenylation%20element | The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) is a sequence element found in the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA. While several sequence elements are known to regulate cytoplasmic polyadenylation, CPE is the best characterized. The most common CPE sequence is UUUUAU, though there are other variations. Binding of CPE binding protein (CPEB) to this region promotes the extension of the existing polyadenine tail and, in general, activation of the mRNA for protein translation. This elongation occurs after the mRNA has been exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A longer poly(A) tail attracts more cytoplasmic polyadenine binding proteins (PABPs) which interact with several other cytoplasmic proteins that encourage the mRNA and the ribosome to associate. The lengthening of the poly(A) tail thus has a role in increasing translational efficiency of the mRNA. The polyadenine tails are extended from approximately 40 bases to 150 bases.
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation should be distinguished from nuclear polyadenylation; cytoplasmic polyadenylation occurs in the cytoplasm in specific mRNAs as opposed to occurring in the nucleus and affecting almost all eukaryotic mRNAs. Among other functions, a prominent role for the CPE has been identified in oogenesis, spermatogenesis, mitosis, and the growth of new synapses The role of the CPE was first characterized in Xenopus oocytes and embryos but recent research has identified roles for the CPE in somatic cells. Some proto-oncogene mRNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscoelite | Roscoelite is a green mineral from the mica group that contains vanadium.
The chemical formula is K(V3+, Al, Mg)2AlSi3O10(OH)2.
Crystals of roscoelite take on the monoclinic form, and are from the 2/m point group.
The appearance is semi transparent to translucent coloured olive brown to green brown. The lustre is pearly. The mineral shows pleochroism with X showing green-brown, and Y and Z axes showing olive-green colour. The mineral was named after Henry Enfield Roscoe who first produced vanadium metal.
Chemical properties
Roscoelite is a muscovite with aluminium substituted with vanadium. Vanadium can also be substituted by magnesium, iron, or manganese.
Physical properties
It is soft and the density is 2.93±0.01. The unit cell has dimensions
a = 526 pm
b = 909 pm
c = 1025 pm,
with an angle between axes of β=101.0°. The tetrahedral cation-oxygen atom distance is 164.1 pm, The distance from the cation to the oxygen in the octahedral plan is 202 pm.
Formation
Two kinds of mineral deposits contain roscoelite, either gold-silver-tellurium low temperature epithermal deposits where it occurs along with quartz, fluorite, pyrite and carbonates, or oxidized low temperature uranium-vanadium ores in sedimentary rocks, where it occurs with corvusite, hewettite, carnotite and tyuyamunite. Roecoelite is considered a gangue mineral of no value when found with gold. However it has also been used as a vanadium ore.
In the Mt. Kare mine in New Guinea the mineral occurs with g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimality | Optimality may refer to:
Mathematical optimization
Optimality Theory in linguistics
optimality model, approach in biology
See also
Optimism (disambiguation)
Optimist (disambiguation)
Optimistic (disambiguation)
Optimization (disambiguation)
Optimum (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C8%99eu | The Vișeu () in northern Romania is a left tributary of the river Tisza. Its source is in the Rodna Mountains. It passes through the following villages, communes and cities: Borșa (city), Moisei (commune), Vișeu de Sus (city), Vișeu de Jos (commune), Leordina (commune), Petrova (commune), Bistra (village), Valea Vișeului (village). In Valea Vișeului village, the river flows into the Tisza. Its length is . Its drainage basin covers an area of .
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Vișeu (from source to mouth):
Left: Fântâna, Negoescu, Repedea, Pârâul Pietros, Izvorul Dragoș, Izvorul Negru, Drăguiasa, Bocicoel, Spânu, Mârza, Plăiuț
Right: Cercănel, Cisla, Vaser, Valea Vinului, Valea Morii, Ruscova, Frumușeaua, Bistra, Runcu Mare
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Maramureș County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroelasticity | Ferroelasticity is a phenomenon in which a material may exhibit a spontaneous strain. Usually, a crystal has two or more stable orientational states in the absence of mechanical stress or electric field, i.e. remanent states, and can be reproducibly switched between states by the application of mechanical stress. In ferroics, ferroelasticity is the mechanical equivalent of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. When stress is applied to a ferroelastic material, a phase change will occur in the material from one phase to an equally stable phase, either of different crystal structure (e.g. cubic to tetragonal), or of different orientation (a 'twin' phase). This stress-induced phase change results in a spontaneous strain in the material.
The shape memory effect and superelasticity are manifestations of ferroelasticity. Nitinol (nickel titanium), a common ferroelastic alloy, can display either superelasticity or the shape-memory effect at room temperature, depending on the nickel-to-titanium ratio.
See also
Ferroics
Multiferroic
Flexoelectricity
Further reading
Materials science
Hysteresis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamada%27s%20equation | In corporate finance, Hamada’s equation is an equation used as a way to separate the financial risk of a levered firm from its business risk. The equation combines the Modigliani–Miller theorem with the capital asset pricing model. It is used to help determine the levered beta and, through this, the optimal capital structure of firms. It was named after Robert Hamada, the Professor of Finance behind the theory.
Hamada’s equation relates the beta of a levered firm (a firm financed by both debt and equity) to that of its unlevered (i.e., a firm which has no debt) counterpart. It has proved useful in several areas of finance, including capital structuring, portfolio management and risk management, to name just a few. This formula is commonly taught in MBA Corporate Finance and Valuation classes. It is used to determine the cost of capital of a levered firm based on the cost of capital of comparable firms. Here, the comparable firms would be the ones having similar business risk and, thus, similar unlevered betas as the firm of interest.
Equation
The equation is
where βL and βU are the levered and unlevered betas, respectively, T the tax rate and the leverage, defined here as the ratio of debt, D, to equity, E, of the firm.
The importance of Hamada's equation is that it separates the risk of the business, reflected here by the beta of an unlevered firm, βU, from that of its levered counterpart, βL, which contains the financial risk of leverage. Apart from the effect of the t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%20enzyme | A core enzyme consists of the subunits of an enzyme that are needed for catalytic activity, as in the core enzyme RNA polymerase.
An example of a core enzyme is a RNA polymerase enzyme without the sigma factor (σ). This enzyme consists of only two alpha (2α), one beta (β), one beta prime (β') and one omega (ω). This is just one example of a core enzyme. DNA Pol I can also be characterized as having core and holoenzyme segments, where the 5'exonuclease can be removed without destroying enzyme functionality.
References
Enzymes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massproduktion | Massproduktion is a Swedish record company from Sundsvall started 1979 when it released records with local punk bands like Massmedia, Vacuum and Förbjudna ljud. Other bands published by Massproduktion include Lars Bygdén, The Confusions, Garmarna, The Thousand Dollar Playboys and Left Hand Solution. Massmedia became a formal company in 1981 and a stock company in 2001. The punk band Massmedia started the label after seeing an ad for cheap pressings in Texas in NME.
References
Swedish record labels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interclass%20correlation | In statistics, the interclass correlation (or interclass correlation coefficient) is a measure of a relation between two variables of different classes (types), such as the weights of 10-year-old sons and of their 40-year-old fathers. Deviations of a variable are measured from the mean of the data for that class – a son's weight minus the mean of all the sons' weights, or a father's weight minus the mean of all the fathers' weights.
The Pearson correlation coefficient is the most commonly used measure of interclass correlation.
The interclass correlation contrasts with the intraclass correlation between variables of the same class, such as the weights of women and of their identical twins; here deviations are measured from the mean of all members of the single class, in this example of all women in the set of identical twins.
References
There are several errors in the article:
Covariance and correlation
Inter-rater reliability |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Biomolecular%20NMR | The Journal of Biomolecular NMR publishes research on technical developments and innovative applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the study of structure and dynamic properties of biopolymers in solution, liquid crystals, solids and mixed environments. Some of the main topics include experimental and computational approaches for the determination of three-dimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids, advancements in the automated analysis of NMR spectra, and new methods to probe and interpret molecular motions.
The journal was founded in 1991 by Kurt Wüthrich, who later received a Nobel prize in Chemistry in 2002 for his seminal contributions to the field of NMR. Now, the current editor-in-chief is Gerhard Wagner (Harvard Medical School).
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.835.
Associate Editors
Accompanying Gerhard Wagner (editor-in-chief), the Associate Editors of the Journal of Biomolecular NMR are:
Ad Bax (NIH, USA)
Martin Billeter (Göteborg University, Sweden)
Lewis E. Kay (University of Toronto, Canada)
Rob Kaptein (Utrecht University, The Netherlands)
Gottfried Otting (Australian National University, Australia)
Arthur G. Palmer (Columbia University, USA)
Tatyana Polenova (University of Delaware, USA), and
Bernd Reif (TU Munich, Germany)
Most cited articles
According to the Web of Science, as of August 2018, there are seven Journal of Biomolecular NMR articles with over 1,500 c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20stock%20center | Genetic stock centers are collections of pure genetic stock available for use in research. They are often housed at research universities, and include everything from single cell life to plants, fish, and small mammals such as mice and rats. Genetic Stock Centers often charge for research stock on a two tier scale, with non profit researchers getting stock at a lower cost than commercial researchers. Dr Myron Gordon, for example, established the Xiphophorus genetic stock center in 1939 to raise pure strains when he realized that certain Xiphophorus hybrids would be useful in cancer research. He understood that his research could not be duplicated by other scientists without pure genetic stock to use as a base. The strains that Dr Gordon started remain pure and are used to this day.
External links
MGSC web site
Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center
Yale CGSC
USC collection of field mice
Biobanks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmetin | Tolmetin () is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the heterocyclic acetic acid derivative class.
Tolmetin was originally approved by the US FDA in 1976, but may no longer be readily available in the US, generics may be available. It is available internationally.
It is used primarily to reduce hormones that cause pain, swelling, tenderness, and stiffness in conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In the United States it was marketed as Tolectin and comes as a tablet or capsule.
Clinical usage
Tolmetin is applicable in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, pain, and ankylosing spondylitis.
Mechanism of action
Although the mechanism of action of tolmetin is unknown, research involving humans and animals has shown that tolmetin does not achieve anti-inflammatory response by stimulation of the adrenal or pituitary gland, but it has shown tolmetin restrains prostaglandin synthetase in vitro and reduces plasma levels of prostaglandin E, possibly causing the anti-inflammatory response.
When tested in rats, tolmetin prevented experimentally stimulated polyarthritis and reduced inflammation. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis tolmetin was as effective as aspirin and indometacin, although the occurrence of mild gastrointestinal adverse effects and tinnitus was lower in patients treated with tolmetin than it was with aspirin-treated patients and the occurrence of advers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1%20protease | HIV-1 protease (PR) is a retroviral aspartyl protease (retropepsin), an enzyme involved with peptide bond hydrolysis in retroviruses, that is essential for the life-cycle of HIV, the retrovirus that causes AIDS. HIV protease cleaves newly synthesized polyproteins (namely, Gag and Gag-Pol) at nine cleavage sites to create the mature protein components of an HIV virion, the infectious form of a virus outside of the host cell. Without effective HIV protease, HIV virions remain uninfectious.
Structure
Mature HIV protease exists as a 22 kDa homodimer, with each subunit made up of 99 amino acids. A single active site lies between the identical subunits and has the characteristic Asp-Thr-Gly (Asp25, Thr26 and Gly27) catalytic triad sequence common to aspartic proteases. As HIV-1 PR can only function as a dimer, the mature protease contains two Asp25 amino acids, one from each monomer, that act in conjunction with each other as the catalytic residues. Additionally, HIV protease has two molecular "flaps" which move a distance of up to 7 Å when the enzyme becomes associated with a substrate. This can be visualized with animations of the flaps opening and closing.
Biosynthesis
Precursor
The Gag-Pol polyprotein, which contains premature coding proteins, including HIV-1 PR. PR is located between the reverse transcriptase (which is at the C-terminus of PR) and the p6pol (which is at the N-terminus of PR) of the transframe region (TFR).
In order for this precursor to become a functio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20A.%20Phillips | Robert A. Phillips is a Canadian scientist, with a long-term interest in cancer research, and special interests in blood cell development and in retinoblastoma, an inherited eye tumour in children. His expertise has spanned the breadth of disciplines including radiation biology, cellular and molecular biology, immunology and molecular genetics.
He has been a tireless ambassador for cancer research and cancer control throughout a career that has spanned more than 3 decades. He is a key member of a band of veteran scientists, also including John Evans, the founding dean of faculty of health sciences at McMaster University and former president of the University of Toronto and Cal Stiller, an organ transplant expert and entrepreneur, who pushed for years for the creation of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), an independent, not-for-profit corporation established in December 2005, and funded by the Government of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation.
He has been a member of various boards of directors, including the Canadian Cancer Society, the Canadian Network for Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics (CANVAC), the Canadian Prostate Cancer Research Foundation, and Partners in Research.
Career
Phillips received his B.A. in chemistry and zoology from Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, and his Ph.D. in molecular biology from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.
In 1965, he moved to Toronto to do postdoctoral work with James Till at th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20J.%20Kay | James J. Kay (June 18, 1954 – May 30, 2004) was an ecological scientist and policy-maker. He was a respected physicist best known for his theoretical work on complexity and thermodynamics.
Biography
James Kay held a BS in physics from McGill University and a Ph.D. in systems design engineering from the University of Waterloo. His Ph.D. thesis was entitled Self-Organization in Living Systems. Much of his work relates to integrating thermodynamics into an understanding of self-organization in biological systems. For example, when water in a pot is heated, it will spontaneously form convection currents such as Bénard_cell. This is an example where as the amount of energy available to a system increases, the system self-organizes in order to dissipate energy more efficiently. Kay has examined how similar types of self-organization can occur within living systems at the level of individual organisms and ecosystems. In other words, organisms and ecosystems evolve to use the maximum amount of energy available to them. This has been backed up by studies showing that more mature ecosystems such as old growth forests are cooler (i.e. dissipate more incoming energy) than clear cuts or bare rock that receive the same amount of energy.
Kay was an associate professor of environment and resource studies at the University of Waterloo, with cross-appointments in systems design engineering, geography, management sciences, and the School of Planning. He was also cross-posted to the Sch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Sciences | The International Journal of Plant Sciences covers botanical research including genetics and genomics, developmental and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology, morphology and structure, systematics, plant-microbe interactions, paleobotany, evolution, and ecology. The journal also regularly publishes important symposium proceedings. It is published by the University of Chicago Press. From 1875 to 1876 it was known as the Botanical Bulletin and from 1876 to 1991 as the Botanical Gazette. The first issue titled The International Journal of Plants Sciences was dated March 1992 (volume 53, number 1). For the years 1992 and 1993, the journal was published quarterly.
The journal was founded by brothers John Merle Coulter and Stanley Coulter. John brought the journal to the University of Chicago when he started the Department of Botany.
References
External links
International Journal of Plant Sciences at SCImago Journal Rank
Botanical Gazette / International Journal of Plant Sciences at HathiTrust Digital Library
Botanical Gazette / International Journal of Plant Sciences at Botanical Scientific Journals
Botany journals
University of Chicago Press academic journals
Academic journals established in 1875
English-language journals
9 times per year journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20cut | Smart cut is a technological process that enables the transfer of very fine layers of crystalline silicon material onto a mechanical support. It was invented by Michel Bruel of CEA-Leti, and was protected by US patent 5374564. The application of this technological procedure is mainly in the production of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer substrates.
The role of SOI is to electronically insulate a fine layer of monocrystalline silicon from the rest of the silicon wafer; an ultra-thin silicon film is transferred to a mechanical support, thereby introducing an intermediate, insulating layer. Semiconductor manufacturers can then fabricate integrated circuits on the top layer of the SOI wafers using the same processes they would use on plain silicon wafers.
The sequence of illustrations pictorially describes the process involved in fabricating SOI wafers using the smart cut technology.
References
See also
Silicon on insulator
Soitec
CEA-Leti
Microtechnology
Materials science
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHD7 | Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 is an ATP-dependent 'chromatin' or 'nucleosome' remodeling factor that in humans is encoded by the CHD7 gene.
CHD7 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler homologous to the Drosophila trithorax-group protein Kismet. Mutations in CHD7 are associated with CHARGE syndrome. This protein belongs to a larger group of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, the CHD subfamily.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CHD7 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Chd7tm2a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice and five significant abnormalities were observed. No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice. Male heterozygotes displayed abnormal pelvic elevation in a modified SHIRPA test and have a high incidence of Bergmeister's papilla in both eyes. When the brains of heterozygous animals were studied, an absence of corpus callosum was observed.
Clinical
Mutations in this gene have been associated with the CHARGE syndrome.
References
Further readin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology-dependent%20resonance | Resonances found in certain types of optical cavity that are cylindrical, spherical, and ellipsoidal in shape. Conditions under which the resonances occur dependent on shape as well as refractive index of material within the optical cavity, and normally characterized by two integers, namely, order number and mode number.
Laser science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20action | Mass action may refer to:
Law of mass action, in chemistry, a postulate of reactions
Mass action law (electronics), in semiconductor electronics, a relationship between intrinsic and doped carrier concentrations
Mass action (sociology), in sociology, a term for situations in which a large number of people behave simultaneously in similar ways individually and without coordination
Mass Action Principle (neuroscience), in neuroscience, the belief that memory and learning are distributed and can't be isolated within any one area of the brain
Mass tort, or mass action, in law, which is when plaintiffs form a group to sue a defendant (for similar alleged harms) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale%20gouge%20ratio | Shale Gouge Ratio (typically abbreviated to SGR) is a mathematical algorithm that aims to predict the fault rock types for simple fault zones developed in sedimentary sequences dominated by sandstone and shale.
The parameter is widely used in the oil and gas exploration and production industries to enable quantitative predictions to be made regarding the hydrodynamic behavior of faults.
Definition
At any point on a fault surface, the shale gouge ratio is equal to the net shale/clay content of the rocks that have slipped past that point.
The SGR algorithm assumes complete mixing of the wall-rock components in any particular 'throw interval'. The parameter is a measure of the 'upscaled' composition of the fault zone.
Application to hydrocarbon exploration
Hydrocarbon exploration involves identifying and defining accumulations of hydrocarbons that are trapped in subsurface structures. These structures are often segmented by faults. For a thorough trap evaluation, it is necessary to predict whether the fault is sealing or leaking to hydrocarbons and also to provide an estimate of how 'strong' the fault seal might be. The 'strength' of a fault seal can be quantified in terms of subsurface pressure, arising from the buoyancy forces within the hydrocarbon column, that the fault can support before it starts to leak. When acting on a fault zone this subsurface pressure is termed capillary threshold pressure.
For faults developed in sandstone and shale sequences, the first |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBX1 | Chromobox protein homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX1 gene.
Function
The protein is localized at heterochromatin sites, where it mediates gene silencing.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of CBX1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Cbx1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty two tests were carried out and two phenotypes were reported. No homozygous mutant animals survived until two weeks of age, therefore the remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant mice. Male heterozygotes showed increased VO2, rate of elimination of carbon dioxide, and energy expenditure as determined by indirect calorimetry.
Interactions
CBX1 has been shown to interact with:
C11orf30,
CBX3 and
CBX5, and
SUV39H1.
See also
Heterochromatin protein 1
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors
Genes mutated in mice |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBX3 | Chromobox protein homolog 3 is a protein that is encoded by the CBX3 gene in humans.
At the nuclear envelope, the nuclear lamina and heterochromatin are adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. The protein encoded by this gene binds DNA and is a component of heterochromatin. This protein also can bind lamin B receptor, an integral membrane protein found in the inner nuclear membrane. The dual binding functions of the encoded protein may explain the association of heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein but differing in the 5' UTR, have been found for this gene.
Interactions
CBX3 has been shown to interact with PIM1, Ki-67, Lamin B receptor, CBX5 and CBX1.
See also
Heterochromatin protein 1
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheie%20syndrome | Scheie syndrome is a disease caused by a deficiency in the enzyme iduronidase, leading to the buildup of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the body. It is the most mild subtype of mucopolysaccharidosis type I; the most severe subtype of this disease is called Hurler Syndrome.
Scheie syndrome is characterized by corneal clouding, facial dysmorphism, and normal lifespan. People with this condition may have aortic regurgitation.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Scheie syndrome are variable, but are milder than Hurler Syndrome. Symptoms may begin to appear by age 5, but affected children are often not diagnosed until after age 10. Patients with Scheie Syndrome may have normal intelligence, or they may have mild learning impairments or psychiatric problems. Glaucoma, retinal degeneration, and clouded corneas may cause visual impairments. Aortic valve disease may be present, along with carpal tunnel syndrome, deformed hands and feet, stiff joints, or sleep apnea. People with Scheie syndrome may live into adulthood.
Genetics
Children with Scheie Syndrome carry two defective copies of the IDUA gene, which has been mapped to the 4p16.3 site on chromosome 4. This is the gene which encodes for the protein iduronidase. All patients with subtypes of MPS I have mutations in the same gene, leading to deficiencies of the same enzyme. However, patients with Scheie Syndrome have a greater level of iduronidase activity than patients with Hurler Syndrome.
Because Scheie syndrome is an autosomal reces |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheto%20Point | Ficheto Point (Nos Ficheto 'nos 'fi-che-to) is an ice-free point on the northeast coast of Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica forming the southeast side of the entrance to Dragon Cove. Channel Rock () is lying in the adjacent northwestern part of McFarlane Strait, northeast of Ficheto Point and south-southwest of Meade Islands. The area was visited by 19th century sealers.
The point is named after the famous Bulgarian architect, builder and sculptor Nikola Fichev – ‘Kolyu Ficheto’ (1800-1881). Channel Rock was charted and descriptively named by the Discovery Investigations in 1935.
Location
Ficheto Point is located at which is southeast of Williams Point, east-southeast of Sigritsa Point, east of Sayer Nunatak and northwest of Pomorie Point. (British mapping in 1935 and 1968, Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).
See also
Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
List of Antarctic islands south of 60° S
SCAR
Territorial claims in Antarctica
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
Notes
References
Ficheto Point. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in En |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Vorl%C3%A4nder | Daniel Vorländer (11 June 1867 – 8 June 1941) was a German chemist who synthesized most of the liquid crystals known until his retirement in 1935.
Vorländer was born in Eupen in Rhenish Prussia. He studied chemistry at Kiel, Munich, and Berlin, after which he became a professor at University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Vorländer applied his knowledge of molecular structure to select those exhibiting the crystalline liquid state. In particular a linear molecular geometry was conductive. "Over the years Vorländer and his students synthesized hundreds of liquid crystalline compounds. An interesting discovery was that amongst the slimy liquid crystals were many soap and soap-like compounds." (Dunmur & Sluckin p 48)
Vorländer served as a volunteer during World War I, during which he received the Iron Cross. He died in Halle.
References
David Dunmur & Tim Sluckin (2011) Soap, Science, and Flat-screen TVs: a history of liquid crystals, pp 43–9, Oxford University Press .
External links
catalogus-professorum-halensis
1867 births
1941 deaths
People from Eupen
20th-century German chemists
Scientists from the Rhine Province
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
University of Kiel alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetobiology | Magnetobiology is the study of biological effects of mainly weak static and low-frequency magnetic fields, which do not cause heating of tissues. Magnetobiological effects have unique features that obviously distinguish them from thermal effects; often they are observed for alternating magnetic fields just in separate frequency and amplitude intervals. Also, they are dependent of simultaneously present static magnetic or electric fields and their polarization.
Magnetobiology is a subset of bioelectromagnetics. Bioelectromagnetism and biomagnetism are the study of the production of electromagnetic and magnetic fields by biological organisms. The sensing of magnetic fields by organisms is known as magnetoreception.
Biological effects of weak low frequency magnetic fields, less than about 0.1 millitesla (or 1 Gauss) and 100 Hz correspondingly, constitutes a physics problem. The effects look paradoxical, for the energy quantum of these electromagnetic fields is by many orders of value less than the energy scale of an elementary chemical act. On the other hand, the field intensity is not enough to cause any appreciable heating of biological tissues or irritate nerves by the induced electric currents.
Effects
An example of a magnetobiological effect is the magnetic navigation by migrant animals by means of magnetoreception.
Many animal orders, such as certain birds, marine turtles, reptiles, amphibians and salmonoid fishes are able to detect small variations of the geomagn |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigritsa%20Point | Sigritsa Point (Nos Sigritsa \'nos si-'gri-tsa\) is an ice-free point on the northeast coast of Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica forming the northwest side of the entrance to Dragon Cove. The area was visited by 19th century sealers.
The feature is named after Teodor Sigritsa, Kavhan (hereditary viceroy function) under the Bulgarian ruler Czar Simeon the Great (9-10th century AD).
Location
The point is located at , which is 1.6 km south-southeast of Williams Point, 1.07 m northeast of Sayer Nunatak, and 810 m west-northwest of Ficheto Point. British mapping in 1968, Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009.
Maps
L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
References
Sigritsa Point. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Sigritsa Point. Copernix satellite image
Headlands of Livingston Island
Bulgaria and the Antarctic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalophane | Hyalophane or jaloallofane is a crystalline mineral, part of the feldspar group of tectosilicates. It is considered a barium-rich potassium feldspar. Its chemical formula is , and it has a hardness of 6 to . The name hyalophane comes from the Greek , meaning "glass", and meaning "to appear".
An occurrence of hyalophane was discovered in 1855 in Lengenbach Quarry, Imfield, Binn valley, municipality of Binn, Canton of Valais, Switzerland. The mineral is found predominantly in Europe, with occurrences in Switzerland, Australia, Bosnia, Germany, Japan, New Jersey, and the west coast of North America. Hyalophane may be found in manganese deposits in compact metamorphic zones.
Hyalophane has a monoclinic crystallography, with cell properties a = 8.52 Å, b = 12.95 Å, c = 7.14 Å, and β = 116°. Optically, the material exhibits biaxial birefringence, with refractive index values of nα = 1.542, nβ = 1.545, and nγ = 1.547 and a maximum birefringence of δ = 0.005. It has weak dispersion and low surface relief.
Hyalophane has sometimes been used as a gemstone.
References
Tectosilicates
Barium minerals
Feldspar
Gemstones
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau%20of%20Correspondence%20of%20Pharaoh | The building known as the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh (also known as the Records Office) is located in the 'Central City' area of the ancient Egyptian city of Akhetaten, known as Amarna in modern times. The city was the short-lived capital during the reign of the pharaoh Akhenaten during ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty.
History
The actual building (although the name may refer to a larger complex of buildings) is located behind the buildings known as the 'King's House' and the Small Aten Temple, and is now ruined, and it appears to be where local villagers discovered a deposit of tablets, now known as the Amarna letters around the year 1888. The building included bricks stamped with the words "Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh".
References
Amarna
Amarna letters
Clay tablets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%2015 | Class 15 may refer to:
A15-class container ship
Belgian Railways Class 15
British Rail Class 15
DR Class V 15
DRG Class 15, which was used twice by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in its classification of steam locomotives:
In 1925 for the Bavarian S 2/6 express locomotive
In 1938 following the Anschluss of Austria for the Austrian Class 10 of the Federal Railway of Austria (BBÖ)
GER Class G15
GER Class M15
I-15-class submarine
JNR Class DD15
JNR Class DE15
JNR Class ED15
LSWR D15 class
LSWR H15 class
LSWR N15 class
LSWR S15 class
M15-class monitor
NSB El 15
PKP class SM15
Rhodesia Railways 15th class
South African Class 15F 4-8-2
South African Class NG15 2-8-2
SR N15X class
See also
Type 15 (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKK2 | IKK-β also known as inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKBKB (inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta) gene.
Function
IKK-β is an enzyme that serves as a protein subunit of IκB kinase, which is a component of the cytokine-activated intracellular signaling pathway involved in triggering immune responses. IKK's activity causes activation of a transcription factor known as Nuclear Transcription factor kappa-B or NF-κB. Activated IKK-β phosphorylates a protein called the inhibitor of NF-κB, IκB (IκBα), which binds NF-κB to inhibit its function. Phosphorylated IκB is degraded via the ubiquitination pathway, freeing NF-κB, and allowing its entry into the nucleus of the cell where it activates various genes involved in inflammation and other immune responses.
Clinical significance
IKK-β plays a significant role in brain cells following a stroke. If NF-κB activation by IKK-β is blocked, damaged cells within the brain stay alive, and according to a study performed by the University of Heidelberg and the University of Ulm, the cells even appear to make some recovery.
Inhibition of IKK and IKK-related kinases has been investigated as a therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The small-molecule inhibitor of IKK2 SAR113945, developed by Sanofi-Aventis, was evaluated in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moodna%20Creek | Moodna Creek is a small tributary of the Hudson River that drains eastern Orange County, New York. At 15.5 miles (25 km) in length from its source at the confluence of Cromline Creek and Otter Kill west of Washingtonville, it is the longest stream located entirely within the county.
Despite its small size relative to the Hudson, it has been a major influence on the topography of eastern central Orange County. Its watershed, including not only both its parent streams but Woodbury Creek as well, reaches as far inland as Warwick as well as 21 other area communities. Near Salisbury Mills it is crossed by the Moodna Viaduct, the longest actively used railroad trestle east of the Mississippi.
Name
Before European contact, the creek was known as Waoraneck, which was also the name of a tribe in the area.
Most early records name the creek Murderer's Creek. One theory holds that "Moodna" is a corruption of the Dutch word moordenaars, meaning "murderers." Local lore has it that the name came from the massacre of the Stacys, an early family of settlers, along its banks. However, there is no evidence of any such murder actually having taken place.
Writer Nathaniel Parker Willis, while living in Cornwall, near the creek's mouth, in the mid-19th century, popularized the name "Moodna." He claimed that the "Murderers' Creek" name was a corruption of the name of a chief, likely Maringamus of the Waoraneck, who lived near its banks. By the dawn of the 20th century, "Moodna Creek" was commo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%2019 | Channel 19 may refer to:
CB radio channel 19 (27.185 MHz), unofficially a commonly monitored calling frequency for highway transport operators.
Canada
The following television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 19 (UHF frequencies covering 500-506 MHz) in Canada:
CBFT-DT in Montreal, Quebec
CICA-DT in Toronto, Ontario
CKRT-DT-6 in Trois-Pistoles, Quebec
The following television stations operate on virtual channel 19 in Canada:
CICA-DT in Toronto, Ontario
Mexico
The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 19 in Mexico:
XERV-TDT in Reynosa, Tamaulipas
XHFAS-TDT in Fronteras, Sonora
XHIMS-TDT in Ímuris, Sonora
XHZAT-TDT in Zacatecas, Zacatecas
One station operates on virtual channel 19 in Mexico:
XHUAA-TDT in Tijuana, Baja California
See also
Chanel No. 19, a perfume
Channel 19 branded TV stations in the United States
Channel 19 digital TV stations in the United States
Channel 19 low-power TV stations in the United States
Channel 19 virtual TV stations in the United States
19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20music%20mobile%20application%20format | Synthetic-music mobile application format, abbreviated SMAF, is a music data format specified by Yamaha for portable electronic devices, such as cell phones and PDAs. The file extension for SMAF is .MMF and is common as ringtones for mobile phones with one of five sound chips.
SMAF resembles MIDI, but also supports graphics and PCM sound playback. Its MIDI playback is produced via FM synthesis or PCM sample-based synthesis, where instrument data (parameters and/or PCM samples) is stored within the .MMF file itself, similar to module files. This enables users to create custom instruments, which will sound exactly the same on devices with the same chip.
The feature set used in SMAF files usually orients itself at the chips produced by Yamaha for playback:
External links
Yamaha's SMAF Website
SMAF Specifications
Music notation file formats |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplastomic%20plant | A transplastomic plant is a genetically modified plant in which genes are inactivated, modified or new foreign genes are inserted into the DNA of plastids like the chloroplast instead of nuclear DNA.
Currently, the majority of transplastomic plants are a result of chloroplast manipulation due to poor expression in other plastids. However, the technique has been successfully applied to the chromoplasts of tomatoes.
Chloroplasts in plants are thought to have originated from an engulfing event of a photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacterial ancestor) by a eukaryote. There are many advantages to chloroplast DNA manipulation because of its bacterial origin. For example, the ability to introduce multiple genes (operons) in a single step instead of many steps and the simultaneous expression of many genes with its bacterial gene expression system. Other advantages include the ability to obtain organic products like proteins at a high concentration and the fact that production of these products will not be affected by epigenetic regulation.
The reason for product synthesis at high concentrations is because a single plant cell can potentially carry up to 100 chloroplasts. If all these plastids are transformed, all of them can express the introduced foreign genes. This is may be advantageous compared to transformation of the nucleus, because the nucleus typically contains only one or two copies of the gene.
The advantages provided by chloroplast DNA manipulation has seen growing intere |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspichan | Kaspichan (, ) is a town in central northeastern Bulgaria, part of Shumen Province. It is located in the eastern Danubian Plain, some from the major Black Sea port Varna and around from the key Danube ports of Ruse and Silistra. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,260 inhabitants.
Kaspichan is an important railway junction linking Varna with Sofia and Russe, Sofia both through a railway line and the Hemus motorway.
Geography
Kaspichan Municipality is located in the central part of northeastern Bulgaria. It borders the municipalities of Shumen, Novi Pazar and Provadia.The administrative-territorial division includes nine settlements. It occupies an extremely important strategic position in northeastern Bulgaria. The town of Kaspichan is located 66 km from Varna and 120 km on average from the two major Danube ports of Ruse and Silistra. The railway station of the city is an important communication and transport hub in Northeastern Bulgaria. Located on the town's land is the village of the same name, which has no land of its own.
History
According to the early 20th-century historian Vasil Mikov, the origin of the name of the settlement is narrow, as it is identical to the name of their tribal leader.
Kaspichan began its development as a market, and in 1866 as a railway station, Shumli, on the first railway line from Ruse–Varna. The infrastructural importance of the station for the region grew rapidly after the Liberation.
Evidence of holding rural-municip |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%20recombinase | Tre recombinase is an experimental enzyme that in lab tests has removed DNA inserted by HIV from infected cells. Through selective mutation, Cre recombinase which recognizes loxP sites are modified to identify HIV long terminal repeats (loxLTR) instead. As a result, instead of performing Cre-Lox recombination, the new enzyme performs recombination at HIV provirus sites.
The structure of Tre in complex with loxLTR has been resolved (), allowing for analyzing the roles of individual mutations.
References
External links
Genetics
Molecular biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction%20temperature | Junction temperature, short for transistor junction temperature, is the highest operating temperature of the actual semiconductor in an electronic device. In operation, it is higher than case temperature and the temperature of the part's exterior. The difference is equal to the amount of heat transferred from the junction to case multiplied by the junction-to-case thermal resistance.
Microscopic effects
Various physical properties of semiconductor materials are temperature dependent. These include the diffusion rate of dopant elements, carrier mobilities and the thermal production of charge carriers. At the low end, sensor diode noise can be reduced by cryogenic cooling. On the high end, the resulting increase in local power dissipation can lead to thermal runaway that may cause transient or permanent device failure.
Maximum junction temperature calculation
Maximum junction temperature (sometimes abbreviated TJMax) is specified in a part's datasheet and is used when calculating the necessary case-to-ambient thermal resistance for a given power dissipation. This in turn is used to select an appropriate heat sink if applicable. Other cooling methods include thermoelectric cooling and coolants.
In modern processors from manufacturer such as Intel, AMD, Qualcomm, the core temperature is measured by a network of sensors. Every time the temperature sensing network determines that a rise above the specified junction temperature (), is imminent, measures such as clock gating, cl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibrated%20probability%20assessment | Calibrated probability assessments are subjective probabilities assigned by individuals who have been trained to assess probabilities in a way that historically represents their uncertainty. For example, when a person has calibrated a situation and says they are "80% confident" in each of 100 predictions they made, they will get about 80% of them correct. Likewise, they will be right 90% of the time they say they are 90% certain, and so on.
Calibration training improves subjective probabilities because most people are either "overconfident" or "under-confident" (usually the former). By practicing with a series of trivia questions, it is possible for subjects to fine-tune their ability to assess probabilities. For example, a subject may be asked:
True or False: "A hockey puck fits in a golf hole"
Confidence: Choose the probability that best represents your chance of getting this question right...
50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
If a person has no idea whatsoever, they will say they are only 50% confident. If they are absolutely certain they are correct, they will say 100%. But most people will answer somewhere in between. If a calibrated person is asked a large number of such questions, they will get about as many correct as they expected. An uncalibrated person who is systematically overconfident may say they are 90% confident in a large number of questions where they only get 70% of them correct. On the other hand, an uncalibrated person who is systematically underconfident may |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NANOG | NANOG may refer to:
North American Network Operators' Group
Homeobox protein NANOG, a transcription factor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Evans%20%28ice%20hockey%2C%20born%201954%29 | John Paul Evans (born May 2, 1954) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played three seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers.
Career statistics
References
External links
1954 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Cougars draft picks
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Kitchener Rangers players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Maine Mariners (AHL) players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Saginaw Gears players
Springfield Indians players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetorotational%20instability | The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is a fluid instability that causes an accretion disk orbiting a massive central object to become turbulent. It arises when the angular velocity of a conducting fluid in a magnetic field decreases as the distance from the rotation center increases. It is also known as the Velikhov–Chandrasekhar instability or Balbus–Hawley instability in the literature, not to be confused with the electrothermal Velikhov instability. The MRI is of particular relevance in astrophysics where it is an important part of the dynamics in accretion disks.
Gases or liquids containing mobile electrical charges are subject to the influence of a magnetic field. In addition to hydrodynamical forces such as pressure and gravity, an element of magnetized fluid also feels the Lorentz force where is the current density and is the magnetic field vector. If the fluid is in a state of differential rotation about a fixed origin, this Lorentz force can be surprisingly disruptive, even if the magnetic field is very weak. In particular, if the angular velocity of rotation decreases with radial distance the motion is unstable: a fluid element undergoing a small displacement from circular motion experiences a destabilizing force that increases at a rate which is itself proportional to the displacement. This process is known as the Magnetorotational Instability, or "MRI".
In astrophysical settings, differentially rotating systems are very common and magnetic fields are |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG%20CU500 | The LG CU500 is a mobile phone manufactured by LG and was released in December 2006. It was LG Group's first cell phone in the United States to include HSDPA capability, and also the first cell phone to work with Cingular's HSDPA network. The LG CU500v is a software upgrade to the LG CU500 which supports video calls.
Features
Technical Specifications:
Network: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 / HSDPA 850 / 1900
Form Factor: Clamshell
Dimensions: 97 x 50 x 19 mm
Weight: 105 g
Antenna: Internal
Navigation: 5-Way Keypad
Battery Type: 1100 mAh Li-Ion
Talk Time: 5.00
Standby Time: 240
Memory: 16.0 MB
Expandable Memory: microSD / TransFlash
Imaging:
Main Screen: 65000 colors (TFT)
176 x 220 px
External Screen: 65000 colors (TFT)
96 x 96 px
Camera: 1.3 MP / 1280 x 960 px / Rotate / 4X Zoom / Multi-Shot / Self-Timer / Video Recorder / Video Calling
Audio:
MP3 Player: MP3 / AAC / AAC+ / WMA / MusicID / 3D Stereo Sound
FM Radio: MobiRadio
Speakerphone: Yes
Push-To-Talk: N/A
Multimedia:
Wallpapers: 176 x 220 px
Screen Savers: 176 x 220 px
Ring Tones: 72 chord / MP3
Themes: Yes
Games: Java ME
Streaming Multimedia: Cingular Video / MobiTV
Messaging:
SMS: Yes
EMS: Yes
MMS: Yes
Email: AOL / Hotmail / Yahoo!
Chat: AOL / ICQ / MSN / Yahoo!
Predictive Text: T9
Applications:
Phonebook Capacity: 500
Calendar: Yes
To-Do List: Yes
WAP:2.0
Voice Commands: N/A
Calculator: Yes
Connectivity:
Bluetooth: A2DP / DUN / HFP / HSP / OPP
Infrared Port: N/A
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diathermancy | Diathermancy (from "dia" through and "thermē" heat) is the property of some fluids that allows rays of light through them without itself being heated. A diathermanous substance is thus "permeable" by heat. Diathermancy was first described by German physicist and chemist Heinrich Gustav Magnus in the 1800s.
Air is diathermanous; therefore atmospheric air is not heated by sunshine. Atmospheric air is heated by long-wave thermal radiation emitted by soil, and especially, by water on the Earth's surface.
Water is not diathermanous, and it is heated directly by sunshine.
Atmospheric heating from oceanic waters
Atmospheric heat comes from long-wave radiation from the soil and, mostly, from the water surface (oceans, lakes, rivers), because water is a not diathermanous body and covers three quarters of Earth's surface. Diathermancy cause subsidence above damp or water surfaces. That is because these areas tend to absorb heat radiation directly from the Sun but very slowly and also emit this radiation to the atmosphere very slowly. Therefore, cold ocean currents have very clear skies, without clouds, because subsidence from cold and heavy air avoids or limits convection because they are opposite processes.
See also
Greenhouse effect
Outgoing longwave radiation
References
External links
Atmosphere of Earth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20optimization%20software | Given a transformation between input and output values, described by a mathematical function , optimization deals with generating and selecting the best solution from some set of available alternatives, by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set, computing the output of the function and recording the best output values found during the process. Many real-world problems can be modeled in this way. For example, the inputs can be design parameters of a motor, the output can be the power consumption, or the inputs can be business choices and the output can be the obtained profit.
An optimization problem, in this case a minimization problem, can be represented in the following way
Given: a function f : A R from some set A to the real numbers
Search for: an element x0 in A such that f(x0) ≤ f(x) for all x in A.
In continuous optimization, A is some subset of the Euclidean space Rn, often specified by a set of constraints, equalities or inequalities that the members of A have to satisfy. In combinatorial optimization, A is some subset of a discrete space, like binary strings, permutations, or sets of integers.
The use of optimization software requires that the function f is defined in a suitable programming language and connected at compile or run time to the optimization software. The optimization software will deliver input values in A, the software module realizing f will deliver the computed value f(x) and, in some cases, additional information about |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haxonite | Haxonite is an iron nickel carbide mineral found in iron meteorites and carbonaceous chondrites. It has a chemical formula of , crystallises in the cubic crystal system and has a Mohs hardness of - 6.
It was first described in 1971, and named after Howard J. Axon (1924–1992), metallurgist at the University of Manchester, Manchester, England. Co-type localities are the Toluca meteorite, Xiquipilco, Mexico and the Canyon Diablo meteorite, Meteor Crater, Coconino County, Arizona, US.
It occurs associated with kamacite, taenite, schreibersite, cohenite, pentlandite and magnetite.
See also
Glossary of meteoritics
References
Carbide minerals
Iron minerals
Nickel minerals
Meteorite minerals
Cubic minerals
Native element minerals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoki%20Genome%20Federation | (IGF) was a Japanese professional wrestling and mixed martial arts promotion founded by Antonio Inoki in 2007.
History
Antonio Inoki left New Japan Pro-Wrestling, a promotion he founded in 1972, to start the IGF. The first IGF show was held on June 29, 2007 at the Sumo Hall in Tokyo, Japan. The show's main event was a match between Kurt Angle and Brock Lesnar.
Shinichi Suzukawa was scheduled to face Bob Sapp in an IGF special rules Heavyweight bout on December 31, 2010, at K-1 Dynamite!! 2010. The fight was to be held under MMA rules, but the fighters wouldn't be wearing gloves. Closed-fist strikes would have been allowed, but palm strikes wouldn't have been permitted. The event was to air on HDNet in North America. However, the fight was canceled due to a last-minute contract dispute, with the Japanese audience in attendance told by the promoter involved in the dispute that Sapp “had lost his will to fight.”
In 2011 the company presented a gift to Kim Jong Il, leader of North Korea as part of a diplomatic effort. In August 2014, IGF held two shows in Pyongyang, North Korea.
On December 29, 2014, IGF announced a deal with PPTV to bring its programming to Chinese audiences.
In 2017, Inoki created a new company, ISM, distancing himself from IGF. After that, his son-in-law Simon Inoki gained more influence in the company and created a new brand, "NEW". On March 23, 2018, Antonio Inoki sold his part of the promotion and left IGF. IGF closed on January 9, 2019. A new promoti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20transport%20reaction | In chemistry, a chemical transport reaction describes a process for purification and crystallization of non-volatile solids. The process is also responsible for certain aspects of mineral growth from the effluent of volcanoes. The technique is distinct from chemical vapor deposition, which usually entails decomposition of molecular precursors and which gives conformal coatings.
The technique, which was popularized by Harald Schäfer, entails the reversible conversion of nonvolatile elements and chemical compounds into volatile derivatives. The volatile derivative migrates throughout a sealed reactor, typically a sealed and evacuated glass tube heated in a tube furnace. Because the tube is under a temperature gradient, the volatile derivative reverts to the parent solid and the transport agent is released at the end opposite to which it originated (see next section). The transport agent is thus catalytic. The technique requires that the two ends of the tube (which contains the sample to be crystallized) be maintained at different temperatures. So-called two-zone tube furnaces are employed for this purpose. The method derives from the Van Arkel de Boer process which was used for the purification of titanium and vanadium and uses iodine as the transport agent.
Cases of the exothermic and endothermic reactions of the transporting agent
Transport reactions are classified according to the thermodynamics of the reaction between the solid and the transporting agent. When the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLF%20Transmitter%20Cutler | The VLF Transmitter Cutler is the United States Navy's very low frequency (VLF) shore radio station at Cutler, Maine. The station provides one-way communication to submarines of the Navy's Atlantic Fleet, both on the surface and submerged. It transmits with call sign NAA, at a frequency of 24 kHz and input power of up to 1.8 megawatts, and is one of the most powerful radio transmitters in the world.
Description
The current Cutler Naval Station was built during 1960 and became operational on January 4, 1961. It has a transmission power of 2 megawatts. As with all VLF stations, the transmitter has a very small bandwidth, and so cannot transmit audio (speech) but only coded text messages, at a relatively low data rate. The transmission consists of a continuously encrypted minimum-shift keying (MSK) signal capable of multi channel operations. The transmitter uses the frequency 24.0 kHz. During the past it used 17.8 kHz. The callsign of the station is NAA.
Antenna
The extensive antenna system consists of two separate identical specialized umbrella antenna arrays, designated the “north array” and the “south array”. Each array consists of a ring of 13 tall metal masts connected at the top by a network of horizontal cables. The cables form six diamond-shaped (rhombic) "panels" radiating from the central tower at angles of 60°, so from above the antenna has a snowflake shape. The two arrays normally operate together as one antenna, but each is designed to function independently |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verna%20L.%20Jones | Verna L. Jones-Rodwell (born November 27, 1955) is an American politician who represented the 44th legislative district in the Maryland State Senate. Senator Jones-Rodwell was also the chair of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland from 2007 to 2008.
Background
Jones-Rodwell was born in Baltimore, Maryland on November 27, 1955. She graduated from the University of Maryland College Park, B.A. (urban studies & community organization), 1978; Baruch College, City University of New York, M.P.A., 1987.
In the legislature
Jones-Rodwell became a member of Senate on January 8, 2003. She was assigned to the Senate's Budget and Taxation Committee in 2003. (public safety, transportation & environment subcommittee, 2003-); Joint Committee on Children, Youth, and Families, 2003-; Joint Committee on Federal Relations, 2003-; Special Committee on Substance Abuse, 2003-. Chair, Joint Committee on the Management of Public Funds, 2007-. Member, Special Joint Committee on Pensions, 2003. Jones-Rodwell is a former chair of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland and the current chair of the Baltimore City Senate Delegation.
On April 20, 2014, Jones-Rodwell announced that she had decided to retire and would not compete in the upcoming June 2014 democratic primary.
References
Democratic Party Maryland state senators
African-American state legislators in Maryland
African-American women in politics
Politicians from Baltimore
1955 births
Living people
University of Maryland, College Park al |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st%20British%20Academy%20Film%20Awards | The 41st British Academy Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1988, honoured the best in film for 1987.
Winners and nominees
Statistics
See also
60th Academy Awards
13th César Awards
40th Directors Guild of America Awards
1st European Film Awards
45th Golden Globe Awards
8th Golden Raspberry Awards
2nd Goya Awards
3rd Independent Spirit Awards
14th Saturn Awards
40th Writers Guild of America Awards
References
041
BAFTA
1988 in British cinema
1987 awards in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami%20Rock%20Ridge | The Miami Rock Ridge is a continuous limestone outcrop which formerly encompassed a large extent of far South Florida, including portions of the Everglades ecosystem. The traditional base of the elevation ranges from northern Miami-Dade County, Florida (the approximate latitude of North Miami Beach) southward to the upper Florida Keys, and it extends southwest into Everglades National Park.
The coastal ridge was traditionally a component of the endangered pine rocklands, which grew upon the length of the ridge. The environmental community consisted of a large and continuous expanse of South Florida Slash Pines (Pinus elliottii var. densa), which was interspersed by tropical hardwood hammocks. The globally imperiled pine rockland community, which also encompassed the Florida Keys and The Bahamas, supported numerous endemic plant species; 20 percent occur nowhere else in the world. The communities of the Miami Rock Ridge are maintained by wildfires, including natural fires caused by lightning strikes; this affects the vegetation and its associated inhabitants, thus maintaining a diverse ecosystem. The substrate—often consisting of marl—and climate also affects the height of vegetation; thus a mature subtropical hammock typically does not exceed on the Miami Rock Ridge. Today the original communities have been largely removed by development, and the remaining pieces of the ecosystems are scattered into tiny fragments in extreme southeast Florida; they now encompass small fract |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung%20Kyung-ho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29 | Jung Kyung-ho () (born 12 January 1987) is a South Korean footballer who plays for Ansan Greeners.
He was a member of South Korea U20 team at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Club career statistics
References
External links
FIFA Player Statistics
1987 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korea men's under-20 international footballers
Gyeongnam FC players
Jeonnam Dragons players
Jeju United FC players
Gimcheon Sangmu FC players
Gwangju FC players
Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Dockyard FC players
Ansan Greeners FC players
K League 1 players
K League 2 players
Korea National League players
Footballers from North Gyeongsang Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Poong-joo | Kim Poong-Joo (; born 1 October 1964) is a South Korean football coach and former player. He played as a goalkeeper for Pusan Daewoo Royals.
Career statistics
External links
1964 births
Living people
Men's association football goalkeepers
South Korean men's footballers
South Korea men's international footballers
Busan IPark players
K League 1 players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for South Korea
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwangbo%20Kwan | Hwangbo Kwan (; born 1 March 1965) is a South Korean football manager and former player. He is famous for his long-range goal against Spain in the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
Career statistics
International
Results list South Korea's goal tally first.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Yukong Elephants
K League 1: 1989
Korean League Cup: 1994
South Korea
AFC Asian Cup runner-up: 1988
Asian Games bronze medal: 1990
Dynasty Cup: 1990
Individual
K League Rookie of the Year: 1988
K League 1 Best XI: 1988, 1994
K League '90s All-Star Team: 2003
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
South Korea men's international footballers
South Korean football managers
Jeju United FC players
Oita Trinita players
K League 1 players
Japan Football League (1992–1998) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League managers
J2 League managers
Oita Trinita managers
FC Seoul managers
K League 1 managers
Expatriate football managers in Japan
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers from Daegu
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Seoul National University alumni
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games
Yeongcheon Hwangbo clan
Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
South Korean expatriate football managers |
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