source stringlengths 32 209 | text stringlengths 18 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon%27s%20algorithm | In computer science, Cannon's algorithm is a distributed algorithm for matrix multiplication for two-dimensional meshes first described in 1969 by Lynn Elliot Cannon.
It is especially suitable for computers laid out in an N × N mesh. While Cannon's algorithm works well in homogeneous 2D grids, extending it to heterogeneous 2D grids has been shown to be difficult.
The main advantage of the algorithm is that its storage requirements remain constant and are independent of the number of processors.
The Scalable Universal Matrix Multiplication Algorithm (SUMMA)
is a more practical algorithm that requires less workspace and overcomes the need for a square 2D grid. It is used by the ScaLAPACK, PLAPACK, and Elemental libraries.
Algorithm overview
When multiplying two n×n matrices A and B, we need n×n processing nodes p arranged in a 2D grid. Initially pi,j is responsible for ai,j and bi,j.
// PE(i , j)
k := (i + j) mod N;
a := a[i][k];
b := b[k][j];
c[i][j] := 0;
for (l := 0; l < N; l++) {
c[i][j] := c[i][j] + a * b;
concurrently {
send a to PE(i, (j + N − 1) mod N);
send b to PE((i + N − 1) mod N, j);
} with {
receive a' from PE(i, (j + 1) mod N);
receive b' from PE((i + 1) mod N, j );
}
a := a';
b := b';
}
We need to select k in every iteration for every Processor Element (PE) so that processors don't access the same data for computing .
Therefore processors in the same row |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20crossings%20of%20Moodna%20Creek | This is a list of crossings of Moodna Creek, in Orange County, New York, from its mouth at the Hudson River to its source at the confluence of Cromline Creek and Otter Kill west of Washingtonville.
Transportation in Orange County, New York
Moodna |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-bias%20sample%20space | In theoretical computer science, a small-bias sample space (also known as -biased sample space, -biased generator, or small-bias probability space) is a probability distribution that fools parity functions.
In other words, no parity function can distinguish between a small-bias sample space and the uniform distribution with high probability, and hence, small-bias sample spaces naturally give rise to pseudorandom generators for parity functions.
The main useful property of small-bias sample spaces is that they need far fewer truly random bits than the uniform distribution to fool parities. Efficient constructions of small-bias sample spaces have found many applications in computer science, some of which are derandomization, error-correcting codes, and probabilistically checkable proofs.
The connection with error-correcting codes is in fact very strong since -biased sample spaces are equivalent to -balanced error-correcting codes.
Definition
Bias
Let be a probability distribution over .
The bias of with respect to a set of indices is defined as
where the sum is taken over , the finite field with two elements. In other words, the sum equals if the number of ones in the sample at the positions defined by is even, and otherwise, the sum equals .
For , the empty sum is defined to be zero, and hence .
ϵ-biased sample space
A probability distribution over is called an -biased sample space if
holds for all non-empty subsets .
ϵ-biased set
An -biased sample space t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G12/G13%20alpha%20subunits | {{DISPLAYTITLE:G12/G13 alpha subunits}}
G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP. G12/G13 are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.
G proteins G12 and G13 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in cells during movement and migration, including cancer cell metastasis. G13 is also essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-induced migration of fibroblast and endothelial cells.
Genes
GNA12 ()
GNA13
See also
Second messenger system
G protein-coupled receptor
Heterotrimeric G protein
Gs alpha subunit
Gi alpha subunit
Gq alpha subunit
Rho family of GTPases
References
External links
Peripheral membrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQ%20motif%20containing%20GTPase%20activating%20protein | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein (IQGAP) is a carrier protein.
It is associated with the Rho GTP-binding protein.
Genes
IQGAP1, IQGAP2, IQGAP3
See also
IQ calmodulin-binding motif
GTP-binding protein regulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-synthesizing%20GTPase | Protein-synthesizing GTPases (, elongation factor (EF), initiation factor (IF), peptide-release or termination factor) are enzymes involved in mRNA translation into protein by the ribosome, with systematic name GTP phosphohydrolase (mRNA-translation-assisting). They usually include translation initiation factors such as IF-2 and translation elongation factors such as EF-Tu.
References
External links
EC 3.6.5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-recognition-particle%20GTPase | Signal-recognition-particle GTPase () is an enzyme with systematic name GTP phosphohydrolase (protein-synthesis-assisting). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
GTP + H2O GDP + phosphate
Enzyme activity is associated with the signal-recognition particle.
See also
Signal recognition particle
References
External links
EC 3.6.5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap%20GTP-binding%20protein | Rap GTP-binding protein also known as Ras-related proteins or simply RAP is a type of small GTPase, similar in structure to Ras.
These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in common. The most striking difference between RAP proteins and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is replaced by threonine in RAP proteins. RAP counteracts the mitogenic function of RAS because it can interact with RAS GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner.
Family members
Human genes that encode Ras-related proteins include:
RAP1A, RAP1B
RAP2A, RAP2B, RAP2C
RAB5C
References
External links
EC 3.6.5
Peripheral membrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS2 | SOS2 may refer to:
Son of Sevenless, a set of encoding genes
Special ordered set of type 2, a structure in discrete optimization |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperonin%20ATPase | Chaperonin ATPase (, chaperonin) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-unfolding). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
ATP + H2O ADP + phosphate
These enzymes are a subclass of molecular chaperones.
See also
Chaperonin
References
External links
EC 3.6.4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-chaperonin%20molecular%20chaperone%20ATPase | Non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase (, molecular chaperone Hsc70 ATPase) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-polymerizing). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
ATP + H2O ADP + phosphate
These enzymes perform many functions that are similar to those of chaperonins.
See also
Chaperone (protein)
References
External links
EC 3.6.4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar%20chart | In industrial statistics, the X-bar chart is a type of Shewhart control chart that is used to monitor the arithmetic means of successive samples of constant size, n. This type of control chart is used for characteristics that can be measured on a continuous scale, such as weight, temperature, thickness etc. For example, one might take a sample of 5 shafts from production every hour, measure the diameter of each, and then plot, for each sample, the average of the five diameter values on the chart.
For the purposes of control limit calculation, the sample means are assumed to be normally distributed, an assumption justified by the Central Limit Theorem.
The X-bar chart is always used in conjunction with a variation chart such as the and R chart or and s chart. The R-chart shows sample ranges (difference between the largest and the smallest values in the sample), while the s-chart shows the samples' standard deviation. The R-chart was preferred in times when calculations were performed manually, as the range is far easier to calculate than the standard deviation; with the advent of computers, ease of calculation ceased to be an issue, and the s-chart is preferred these days, as it is statistically more meaningful and efficient. Depending on the type of variation chart used, the average sample range or the average sample standard deviation is used to derive the X-bar chart's control limits.
Statistical charts and diagrams
Quality control tools |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoribonuclease | An exoribonuclease is an exonuclease ribonuclease, which are enzymes that degrade RNA by removing terminal nucleotides from either the 5' end or the 3' end of the RNA molecule. Enzymes that remove nucleotides from the 5' end are called 5'-3' exoribonucleases, and enzymes that remove nucleotides from the 3' end are called 3'-5' exoribonucleases.
Exoribonucleases can use either water to cleave the nucleotide-nucleotide bond (which is called hydrolytic activity) or inorganic phosphate (which is called phosphorolytic activity). Hydrolytic exoribonucleases are classified under EC number 3.1 and phosphorolytic exoribonucleases under EC number 2.7.7. As the phosphorolytic enzymes use inorganic phosphate to cleave bonds they release nucleotide diphosphates, whereas the hydrolytic enzymes (which use water) release nucleotide monosphosphates.
Exoribonucleases exist in all kingdoms of life, the bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Exoribonucleases are involved in the degradation of many different RNA species, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA and miRNA. Exoribonucleases can be single proteins (such as RNase D or RNase PH) but also can be complexes of multiple proteins, such as the exosome complex (in which four of the major exoribonuclease families are represented).
Major families
See also
Endoribonuclease
Nuclease
Deoxyribonuclease
Exodeoxyribonuclease
Endodeoxyribonuclease
References
External links
EC 3.1
Ribonucleases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic%20ribonuclease%20family | Pancreatic ribonuclease family (, RNase, RNase I, RNase A, pancreatic RNase, ribonuclease I, endoribonuclease I, ribonucleic phosphatase, alkaline ribonuclease, ribonuclease, gene S glycoproteins, Ceratitis capitata alkaline ribonuclease, SLSG glycoproteins, gene S locus-specific glycoproteins, S-genotype-assocd. glycoproteins, ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase) is a superfamily of pyrimidine-specific endonucleases found in high quantity in the pancreas of certain mammals and of some reptiles.
Specifically, the enzymes are involved in endonucleolytic cleavage of 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. Ribonuclease can unwind the RNA helix by complexing with single-stranded RNA; the complex arises by an extended multi-site cation-anion interaction between lysine and arginine residues of the enzyme and phosphate groups of the nucleotides.
Notable family members
Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease is the best-studied member of the family and has served as a model system in work related to protein folding, disulfide bond formation, protein crystallography and spectroscopy, and protein dynamics. The human genome contains 8 genes that share the structure and function with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, with 5 additional pseudo-genes. The structure and dynamics of these enzymes are related to their diverse biological functions.
Other proteins belonging to the pancreatic ribonuclease su |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRN1%20%28gene%29 | 5′-3′ exoribonuclease 1 (Xrn1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRN1 gene. Xrn1 hydrolyses RNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the 5′-3′ exonuclease family. The encoded protein may be involved in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation, and interacts directly with the enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4. In addition to mRNA metabolism, a similar protein in yeast has been implicated in a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic functions, including transcription, translation, homologous recombination, meiosis, telomere maintenance, and microtubule assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteosarcoma, suggesting that the encoded protein may also play a role in bone formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
See also
Xrn2
References
Further reading |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%27-3%27%20exoribonuclease%202 | 5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) also known as Dhm1-like protein is an exoribonuclease enzyme that in humans is encoded by the XRN2 gene.
The human gene encoding XRN2 shares similarity with the mouse Dhm1 and the yeast's Dhp1 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) or RAT1 (Saccharomyces) genes. The yeast gene is involved in homologous recombination and RNA metabolism, such as RNA synthesis and RNA trafficking and termination. Complementation studies show that Dhm1 has a similar function in mouse as Dhp1.
Function
Human XRN2 is involved in the torpedo model of transcription termination.
The C. elegans homologue, XRN-2, is involved in the degradation of certain mature miRNAs and their dislodging from miRISC miRNAs.
In yeast, the Rat1 protein has been shown to also be involved in the torpedo transcription termination model. When a polyadenylation site has been detected on the nascent RNA and cleaved by the RNA polymerase II, the Rtt103 factor recruits Rat1 and attaches it to free end. The exonuclease activity of Rat1 degrades the RNA strand and halts transcriptions upon catching up to the polymerase.
See also
Xrn1
References
External links
Further reading
External links
Human proteins
EC 3.1.13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoribonuclease%20II | Exoribonuclease II (, ribonuclease II, ribonuclease Q, BN ribonuclease, Escherichia coli exo-RNase II, RNase II, exoribonuclease (misleading), 5'-exoribonuclease) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Exonucleolytic cleavage in the 3'- to 5'-direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates
This enzyme has preference for single-stranded RNA.
See also
5'-3' exoribonuclease 2
References
External links
EC 3.1.13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoribonuclease | In biochemistry, an endoribonuclease is a class of enzyme which is a type of ribonuclease (an RNA cleaver), itself a type of endonuclease (a nucleotide cleaver). It cleaves either single-stranded or double-stranded RNA, depending on the enzyme. Example includes both single proteins such as RNase III, RNase A, RNase T1, RNase T2 and RNase H and also complexes of proteins with RNA such as RNase P and the RNA-induced silencing complex. Further examples include endoribonuclease XendoU found in frogs (Xenopus).
External links
EC 3.1
Ribonucleases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodeoxyribonuclease | In biochemistry, an endodeoxyribonuclease is a class of enzyme which is a type of deoxyribonuclease (a DNA cleaver), itself a type of endonuclease (a nucleotide cleaver). They catalyze cleavage of the phosphodiester bonds in DNA. They are classified with EC numbers 3.1.21 through 3.1.25.
Examples include:
DNA restriction enzymes
micrococcal nuclease
See also
Ribonuclease
UvrABC endonuclease
External links
EC 3.1
Deoxyribonucleases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligonucleotidase | Oligonucleotidase (, oligoribonuclease) is an exoribonuclease derived from Flammulina velutipes. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
3'-end directed exonucleolytic cleavage of viral RNA-DNA hybrid
References
External links
EC 3.1.13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil%20cationic%20protein | Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) also known as ribonuclease 3 is a basic protein located in the eosinophil primary matrix. In humans, the eosinophil cationic protein is encoded by the RNASE3 gene.
ECP is released during degranulation of eosinophils. This protein is related to inflammation and asthma because in these cases, there are increased levels of ECP in the body.
There are three glycosylated forms of ECP and consequently ECP has a range of molecular weights from 18-22 kDa.
Function
Eosinophil cationic protein and the sequence related eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNASE2) are both members of the Ribonuclease A superfamily. Both proteins possess neurotoxic, helmintho-toxic, and ribonucleo-lytic activities. Eosinophil cationic protein is localized to the granule matrix of the eosinophil.
Ribonuclease activity and cytotoxicity
The ribonuclease activity of ECP is not essential for cytotoxicity.
When the two known ribonuclease active-site residues are modified to non-functional counterparts (Lysine at position 38 to Arginine and Histidine at position 128 to Aspartate) and compared to the wild-type ECP, the mutated ECP retains its cytotoxicity but no longer has its ribonuclease activity. The experiment confirmed that converting the two amino acids to non-functional counterparts did inhibit ECP’s ribonuclease activity. However, ECP retained its anti-parasitic activity. Also, it did not change the production and transportation of ECP in bacteria.
ECP is a potent cyt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil-derived%20neurotoxin | Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is found in eosinophil granulocytes. It is closely related to the eosinophil cationic protein (RNASE3) from which it diverged ~50 million years ago after the split between the old world and the new world monkeys. It is relatively neutral and has cytotoxic properties. It is capable of reducing the activity of single strand RNA viruses in culture through its enzymatic activity. It also serves as an attractant to immune cells.
See also
Ribonuclease A
References
Further reading
External links
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclease%20S1 | Nuclease S1 () is an endonuclease enzyme that splits single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA into oligo- or mononucleotides. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphomononucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products
Although its primary substrate is single-stranded, it can also occasionally introduce single-stranded breaks in double-stranded DNA or RNA, or DNA-RNA hybrids. The enzyme hydrolyses single stranded region in duplex DNA such as loops or gaps. It also cleaves a strand opposite a nick on the complementary strand. It has no sequence specificity.
Well-known versions include S1 found in Aspergillus oryzae (yellow koji mold) and Nuclease P1 found in Penicillium citrinum. Members of the S1/P1 family are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are thought to be associated in programmed cell death and also in tissue differentiation. Furthermore, they are secreted extracellular, that is, outside of the cell. Their function and distinguishing features mean they have potential in being exploited in the field of biotechnology.
Nomenclature
Alternative names include endonuclease S1 (Aspergillus), single-stranded-nucleate endonuclease, deoxyribonuclease S1, deoxyribonuclease S1, Aspergillus nuclease S1, Neurospora crassa single-strand specific endonuclease, S1 nuclease, single-strand endodeoxyribonuclease, single-stranded DNA specific endonuclease, single-strand-specific endodeoxyribonuclease, single strand-specifi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20II%20site-specific%20deoxyribonuclease | Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease (, type II restriction enzyme) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates
See also
Restriction enzyme
References
External links
EC 3.1.21 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20III%20site-specific%20deoxyribonuclease | Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease (, type III restriction enzyme, restriction-modification system) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates
This group of enzymes has an absolute requirement for ATP, but does not hydrolyse it.
See also
Restriction enzyme
References
External links
EC 3.1.21 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphinase | Amphinase is a ribonuclease enzyme found in the oocytes of the Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Amphinase is a member of the pancreatic ribonuclease protein superfamily and degrades long RNA substrates. Along with ranpirnase, another leopard frog ribonuclease, amphinase has been studied as a potential cancer therapy due to its unusual mechanism of cytotoxicity tested against tumor cells.
References
Ribonucleases
EC 3.1.27 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Fleet | Stephen George Fleet (28 September 1936 – 18 May 2006) was a Master of Downing College, Cambridge, the Cambridge University Registrary and a researcher in mineral sciences and crystallography.
Stephen Fleet was educated at Brentwood School, Essex, Lewes County Grammar School, Sussex and St John's College, Cambridge, where he received his doctorate. His research fields were the crystal structure of minerals, particularly phase transformations in minerals and meteorites.
In 1963 Fleet moved to Fitzwilliam House and was a founding fellow when Fitzwilliam achieved collegiate status in 1966. In 1974 he moved to Downing College as bursar and fellow and later served the college as Vice-Master (1985–1987, 1991–1994 and 1997–2000) and as Master from 2000 to 2003. Between 1983 and 1997 Fleet was the University Registrary, the chief administrative officer of the university.
He died from cancer at the Hammersmith Hospital, London on 18 May 2006.
References
1936 births
2006 deaths
People educated at Brentwood School, Essex
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Masters of Downing College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Deaths from cancer in England
Registraries of the University of Cambridge |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20modular%20immunopharmaceutical | Small modular immunopharmaceuticals, or SMIPs for short, are artificial proteins that are intended for use as pharmaceutical drugs. They are largely built from parts of antibodies (immunoglobulins), and like them have a binding site for antigens that could be used for monoclonal antibody therapy. SMIPs have similar biological half-life and, being smaller than antibodies, are reasoned to have better tissue penetration properties. They were invented by Trubion and are now being developed by Emergent BioSolutions, which acquired Trubion in 2010.
Structure
SMIPs are single-chain proteins that comprise one binding region, one hinge region as a connector, and one effector domain. The binding region is a modified single-chain variable fragment (scFv), and the rest of the protein can be constructed from the fragment crystallizable region (Fc) and the hinge region of an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Genetically modified cells produce SMIPs as antibody-like dimers, which are about 30% smaller than real antibodies.
Like ordinary monoclonal antibodies, SMIPs are monospecific, meaning they recognize and attach to a single antigen target to initiate their biological activity. SMIP drug candidates are intended to target antigens with the same specificity and predictable biological activity as monoclonal antibodies. Examples are TRU-015, a CD20 targeting SMIP under research for rheumatoid arthritis, and TRU-016, a CD37 targeting potential treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal%20protein | Fetal proteins are high levels of proteins present during the fetal stage of development. Often related proteins assume similar roles after birth or in the embryo, in which case the fetal varieties are called fetal isoforms. Sometimes, the genes coding fetal isoforms occur adjacent to their adult homologues in the genome, and in those cases a locus control region often coordinates the transition from fetal to adult forms. In other cases fetal isoforms can be produced by alternate splicing using fetal exons to produce proteins that differ in only a portion of their amino acid sequence. In some situations the continuing expression of fetal forms can reveal the presence of a disease condition or serve as a treatment for diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Some well known examples include:
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the predominant serum protein of the fetus which gives way to albumin in the adult. AFP is categorized as an oncofetal protein because it is also found in tumors.
Fetal hemoglobin, the fetal version of hemoglobin.
Fetal Troponin T and Troponin I isoforms.
Fetal Hemoglobin is a member of erythrocytes called F-cells. It is a tetramer protein with 2 alpha and 2 gamma subunits. This is different from adult hemoglobin because it has 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Fetal hemoglobin is coded by a gene on chromosome 11. The gamma subunit on fetal hemoglobin contains a neutral and nonpolar amino acid at position 136, unlike the beta subunit of adult hemoglobin. The pro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvan | A microvan is a van or minivan which is within the Japanese kei car classification or similar, and is smaller than a mini MPV. In China, these vehicles are nicknamed miàn bāo chē ("bread-loaf vehicle") because of their shape. Similarly, in several Hispanic American countries, these vehicles are called pan de molde, which means "bread loaf". In Indonesia, it is commonly called a minibus due to their tall roof, perceived as resembling a miniature bus; the term is also used generally to refer to any type of three-row MPVs.
Outside of China and Japan, microvans are also common in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. Microvans share similar characteristics with other-sized MPVs; for instance, microvans commonly have rear sliding doors. Generally, they have capacity for six, seven, or eight passengers. As this category of vehicle has fixed third-row seats, a single vehicle cannot be used both for passenger transport and larger-cargo transport without refitting; therefore, microvans are not usually considered multi-purpose vehicles.
Economics
Tax and insurance benefits in some locations make these models particularly inexpensive. For example, in rural Japan, kei-car vehicles are exempted from a certification that adequate parking is available for the vehicle. They are, therefore, widely used for small businesses in these places.
Design
The first vehicle to adopt the bodystyle of a van, with the engine installed in front of the driver, was the 19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erna%20Brinkman | Erna Augusta Brinkman (born 25 March 1972 in Sneek, Friesland) is a retired volleyball player from the Netherlands, who represented her native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992.
Brinkman was a member of the Netherlands national team that won the gold medal at the 1995 European Championship by defeating Croatia 3–0 in the final.
References
Dutch Olympic Committee
1972 births
Dutch women's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic volleyball players for the Netherlands
Sportspeople from Sneek
Living people
Dutch expatriate volleyball players
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in France
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate volleyball players in Germany
Expatriate volleyball players in Japan
Expatriate volleyball players in Brazil
Expatriate volleyball players in Italy
Expatriate volleyball players in France
Expatriate volleyball players in Russia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIPBL | Nipped-B-like protein (NIPBL), also known as SCC2 or delangin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NIPBL gene. NIPBL is required for the association of cohesin with DNA and is the major subunit of the cohesin loading complex. Heterozygous mutations in NIPBL account for an estimated 60% of case of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.
Structure and Interactions
NIPBL is a large hook-shaped protein containing HEAT repeats. NIPBL forms a complex with MAU2 (Scc4 in budding yeast) known as the cohesin loading complex. As this name suggests NIPBL and MAU2 are required for the initial association of cohesin with DNA.
Cohesin is thought to mediate enhancer-promoter interactions and generate Topologically associating domains (TADs). As well as mediating cohesion and regulating DNA architecture the cohesin complex is required for DNA repair by homologous recombination. Given that NIPBL is required for cohesin's association with DNA it is thought that NIPBL is also required for all of these processes. Consistently, inactivation of Nipbl results in the loss topologically associating domains and cohesion.
NIPBL binds dynamically to chromatin principally through an association with cohesin. NIPBL’s movement within chromatin is consistent with a mechanism involving hopping between chromosomal cohesin rings. A cohesin-independent function in the regulation of gene expression has also been demonstrated for NIPBL.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene result in Cornelia de Lange |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMC1A | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMC1A gene. SMC1A is a subunit of the cohesin complex which mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination and DNA looping. In somatic cells, cohesin is formed of SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and either SA1 or SA2 whereas in meiosis, cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1B, REC8 and SA3.
SMC1A is a member of the SMC protein family. Members of this family are key regulators of DNA repair, chromosome condensation and chromosome segregation from bacteria to humans.
Structure
The domain organisation of SMC proteins is highly conserved and is composed of an N-terminal Walker A motif, coiled-coil, "hinge", coiled-coil and a C-terminal Walker B motif. The protein folds back on itself to form a rod-shaped molecule with a heterodimerisation "hinge" domain at one end and an ABC-type ATPase "head" at the other. These globular domains are separated by a ~50 nm anti-parallel coiled-coil. SMC3 and SMC1 bind via their hinge domains creating V-shaped heterodimers. The N-terminal domain of RAD21 binds to the coiled coil of SMC3 just above the head domain while the C-terminal domain of RAD21 binds the head domain of SMC1. This end to end binding of the SMC3-SMC1-RAD21 trimer creates a closed ring within which DNA can be entrapped.
Function
In addition to entrapping DNA to ensure proper chromosome segregation during the cell cycle, SMC1A, as a component of cohesin, contributes to facilit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vusal%20Garaev | Vusal Garaev (born 1986) is an Azerbaijani football forward playing for Turan in the Azerbaijan First Division.
Career statistics
References
External links
http://www.futbol-agent.com/profi/nap_garayevvusal.htm
1986 births
Living people
Azerbaijani men's footballers
Gabala SC players
Ravan Baku FK players
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamfil%20Ilchev | Karamfil Ilchev () (born 7 January 1979) is a Bulgarian former football goalkeeper.
Career
His first club was Dobrudzha Dobrich.
Cherno More
Ilchev was enrolled in Cherno More Varna during the summer 2005-transfer window after he played for Akademik Svishtov and Dobrudzha. Fill, as the "sailors" fans call the goalkeeper, had the task to replace the ex-titular goalkeeper Tihomir Todorov. During his first two seasons Ilchev was a stable reserve of Ivaylo Petrov and Krasimir Kolev and played in only four matches, mainly in the Bulgarian Cup.
The goalkeeper managed to become first choice for the team during the season 2007/2008, when Petrov was already at CSKA Sofia and Kolev often suffered from injuries. During this season Ilchev played in 28 matches and has a major role for the good performance of "Cherno More" in the championship and in the Bulgarian Cup. From summer 2008 Fill has a very serious competition from the Moldovian national goalkeeper Evgheni Hmaruc, who came in Cherno More from the Indonesian Persija Jakarta. In spite of this the Bulgarian was the first choice of the coach Nikola Spasov for the debut appearance of the Sailors in the UEFA Cup. Ilchev played very well in many matches as he was particularly good against the Israeli vice-champion Maccabi Netanya.
During the 2008–09 season, Ilchev earned 20 appearances playing in A PFG. He played one match in Bulgarian Cup, and in the UEFA Cup, he played 5 matches.
Beroe
On 6 July 2010 Ilchev signed a two-year co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apudoma | In pathology, an apudoma is an endocrine tumour that arises from an APUD cell from structures such as the ampulla of Vater. They were historically thought to be derived from neural crest cells, but this has since been shown to be untrue (see neuroendocrine tumor).The term dates back to at least 1975. Because the label "apudoma" is very general, it is preferred to use a more specific term when possible.
See also
VIPoma
Carcinoid tumor
References
External links
Endocrine neoplasia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42 or CDC42) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42 gene. Cdc42 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. It was originally identified in S. cerevisiae (yeast) as a mediator of cell division, and is now known to influence a variety of signaling events and cellular processes in a variety of organisms from yeast to mammals.
Function
Human Cdc42 is a small GTPase of the Rho family, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, cell migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. Rho GTPases are central to dynamic actin cytoskeletal assembly and rearrangement that are the basis of cell-cell adhesion and migration. Activated Cdc42 activates by causing conformational changes in p21-activated kinases PAK1 and PAK2, which in turn initiate actin reorganization and regulate cell adhesion, migration, and invasion.
Structure
Cdc42 is a homodimer with A and B chains. Its total length is 191 amino acids and its theoretical weight is 21.33 kDa. Its sequence domains include a P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase and a small GTP-binding protein domain.
Cdc42 cycles between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. This process is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGD1 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 1 (FGD1) also known as faciogenital dysplasia 1 protein (FGDY), zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (ZFYVE3), or Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor FGD1 (Rho/Rac GEF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGD1 gene that lies on the X chromosome. Orthologs of the FGD1 gene are found in dog, cow, mouse, rat, and zebrafish, and also budding yeast and C. elegans. It is a member of the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing family.
FGD1 is a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that can activate the Rho GTPase Cdc42. It localizes preferentially to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) of mammalian cells and regulates, for example, the secretory transport of bone-specific proteins from the Golgi complex. Thus Cdc42 and FGD1 regulate secretory membrane trafficking that occurs especially during bone growth and mineralization in humans. FGD1 promotes nucleotide exchange on the GTPase Cdc42, a key player in the establishment of cell polarity in all eukaryotic cells. The GEF activity of FGD1, which activates Cdc42, is harbored in its DH domain and causes the formation of filopodia, enabling the cells to migrate. FGD1 also activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade, important in cell differentiation and apoptosis. It also promotes the transition through G1 during the cell cycle and causes tumorgenic transformation of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts.
The FGD1 gene is located on the short arm of the X-chromoso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMX1B | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1-beta, also known as LMX1B, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LMX1B gene.
Function
LMX1B is a LIM homeobox transcription factor which plays a central role in dorso-ventral patterning of the vertebrate limb.
Clinical significance
Loss-of-function mutations in the LMX1B gene are associated with Nail-patella syndrome.
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Nail-Patella Syndrome |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallaria | Crystallaria is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish which is classified in the subfamily Etheostomatinae, commonly known as the darters, part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. They are found in the Mississippi River basin from Ohio to Minnesota and in southern Mississippi, northern Louisiana, and southeastern Oklahoma, and on the Gulf Slope of Escambia, Mobile Bay, and the Pearl River drainages. They have now been extirpated from Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois.
Taxonomy
Crystallaria is the sister taxon of the genus Ammocrypta and together these genera are the sister taxon of the clade consisting of the speciose genus Etheostoma and Nothonotus. Some authorities regard Crystallaria as a subgenus of Ammocrypta.
Species
Currently, two species in this genus are recognized:
Crystallaria asprella D. S. Jordan, 1878 (Crystal darter)
Crystallaria cincotta S. A. Welsh & R. M. Wood, 2008 (Diamond darter)
References
Etheostomatinae
Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
Taxa named by Charles Henry Gilbert |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excision%20repair%20cross-complementing | Excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC) is a set of proteins which are involved in DNA repair.
In humans, ERCC proteins are transcribed from the following genes:
ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, ERCC6, and ERCC8.
Members 1 though 5 are associated with Xeroderma Pigmentosum.
Members 6 and 8 are associated with Cockayne syndrome.
References
DNA repair |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-box | T-box refers to a group of transcription factors involved in embryonic limb and heart development. Every T-box protein has a relatively large DNA-binding domain, generally comprising about a third of the entire protein that is both necessary and sufficient for sequence-specific DNA binding. All members of the T-box gene family bind to the "T-box", a DNA consensus sequence of TCACACCT.
Members
T-boxes are especially important to the development of embryos, found in zebrafish oocyte by Bruce et al 2003 and Xenopus laevis oocyte by Xanthos et al 2001. They are also expressed in later stages, including adult mouse and rabbit studied by Szabo et al 2000.
Mutations in the first one found caused short tails in mice, and thus the protein encoded was named brachyury, Greek for "short-tail". In mice this gene is named Tbxt, and in humans it is named TBXT. Brachyury has been found in all bilaterian animals that have been screened, and is also present in the cnidaria.
The mouse Tbxt gene was cloned and found to be a 436 amino acid embryonic nuclear transcription factor. The protein brachyury binds to the T-box through a region at its N-terminus.
Protein activity
The encoded proteins of TBX5 and TBX4 play a role in limb development, and play a major role in limb bud initiation specifically. For instance, in chickens TBX4 specifies hindlimb status while Tbx5 specifies forelimb status. The activation of these proteins by Hox genes initiates signaling cascades that involve the Wnt signal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate%20transporter | The sulfate transporter is a solute carrier family protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC26A2 gene. SLC26A2 is also called the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST), and was first described by Hästbacka et al. in 1994. A defect in sulfate activation described by Superti-Furga in achondrogenesis type 1B was subsequently also found to be caused by genetic variants in the sulfate transporter gene. This sulfate (SO42−) transporter also accepts chloride, hydroxyl ions (OH−), and oxalate as substrates. SLC26A2 is expressed at high levels in developing and mature cartilage, as well as being expressed in lung, placenta, colon, kidney, pancreas and testis.
Function
The diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter is a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in the pathogenesis of several human chondrodysplasias. In chondrocytes, SLC26A2 functions to transport most of the cellular sulfate, which is critical for the sulfation of proteoglycans and normal cartilage formation. In addition, studies have demonstrated that SLC26A2 influences chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and growth, suggesting that in the chondrocyte, SLC26A2 provides sulfate for both structural and regulatory proteins.
Clinical significance
Deficiencies are associated with many forms of osteochondrodysplasia. These include:
achondrogenesis type 1B
diastrophic dysplasia
atelosteogenesis, type II
recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Correlation between genotype and phenotype
Since its fi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylglycerol | Phosphatidylglycerol is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant and in the plasma membrane where it directly activates lipid-gated ion channels.
The general structure of phosphatidylglycerol consists of a L-glycerol 3-phosphate backbone ester-bonded to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons 1 and 2. The head group substituent glycerol is bonded through a phosphomonoester. It is the precursor of surfactant and its presence (>0.3) in the amniotic fluid of the newborn indicates fetal lung maturity.
Approximately 98% of alveolar wall surface area is due to the presence of type I cells, with type II cells producing pulmonary surfactant covering around 2% of the alveolar walls. Once surfactant is secreted by the type II cells, it must be spread over the remaining type I cellular surface area. Phosphatidylglycerol is thought to be important in spreading of surfactant over the Type I cellular surface area. The major surfactant deficiency in premature infants relates to the lack of phosphatidylglycerol, even though it comprises less than 5% of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. It is synthesized by head group exchange of a phosphatidylcholine enriched phospholipid using the enzyme phospholipase D.
Biosynthesis
Phosphatidic acid reacts with CTP, producing CDP-diacylglycerol, with loss of pyrophosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate reacts with CDP-diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, while CMP is released. The phosphate group is hydrolysed for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bana%20%28singer%29 | Adriano Gonçalves (5 March 1932 – 13 July 2013), known by his stage name Bana and called the "King of Morna", was a Cape Verdean singer and performer of the morna style, the plaintive, melodic lament which is a staple musical style of the country.
Biography
He was born in Mindelo on 5 March 1932, some sources said he was born on 11 March. In his childhood years, he was surrounded by music with local singers. At age four, he appeared with local singers.
Bana, who was over seven feet tall, began his musical career during Portuguese colonial rule, when he worked as a handyman and bodyguard for the legendary Cabo Verdean composer and performer, B. Leza. In the 1950s, the singer, uncle of Cesária Évora taught Bana and many other artists the art of morna songs. In 1958, BeLeza was presented at a round with the Tuna Académica da Coimbra which took place in São Vicente Island. Among the attendees were Portuguese poet and political dissident Manuel Alegre and Portuguese writer, poet and novelist Fernando Assis Pacheco who tried to take him to Portugal to act. After B. Leza died, he began working in his own. Perhaps because of his popularity, Bana was accused of collaboration with the Portuguese colonial government, after his son's birthday near Amilcarthe Cabral's death. He later went to Dakar, Senegal where he recorded his first album in 1962 and gave his first performance, the record had four songs, 2,000 copies were sold within the first weeks.
Afterwards he moved to Eur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTRN | WTRN is an American commercial AM radio station, licensed to the borough of Tyrone, Pennsylvania. The station operates at the federally assigned frequency of 1340 kHz with a full-time power output of 1,000 watts. WTRN also operates two FM translators. One at 100.7 MHz Tyrone and 96.9 MHz Altoona, Pennsylvania. WTRN was the flagship station for the former Allegheny Mountain Network (AMN).
History
WTRN's beginnings were part of a boom in local radio station construction in the northern and central part of Pennsylvania that began in 1950. In 1947, Allegheny Mountain Network founder Cary H. Simpson helped build WHUN, where he also would serve as program director, in his hometown of Huntingdon, Pennsylvania; approximately 20 miles southeast of Tyrone in Huntingdon County. Inspired by the station's success, Simpson built the first station in his group, WKBI (AM) in St. Marys, Pennsylvania. As this was the very first station in his group, WKBI served as the flagship station for the other stations that Simpson would build and put on the air over the next four decades.
Desiring to put a station on the air in his newly adopted hometown of Tyrone, Simpson petitioned the FCC for an AM license to be assigned to Tyrone. A construction permit was granted, and Simpson signed WTRN on the air on January 12, 1955. Simpson also successfully applied for an FM license to also be assigned to Tyrone. That station, WGMR (which was sold to Forever Broadcasting in Altoona in 2008), was grante |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tule%20Springs | Tule Springs is one of the larger urban retreats in Las Vegas, Nevada, and the Las Vegas Valley. It is a significant desert ecosystem consisting of a series of small lakes that formed an oasis in this area of the Mojave Desert. Both the springs and the ranch are located within the Floyd Lamb Park at Tule Springs which is operated by the City of Las Vegas.
Tule Springs Ranch
Tule Springs Ranch and the associated buildings are listed as a district on the United States National Register of Historic Places and located within this area. The ranch district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 23, 1981.
Tule Springs Archaeological Site
The area was home to numerous Native American visitors in the pre-Columbian period. More recently, it served as a guest ranch for out-of-state residents seeking to "live" in Nevada and gain access to its easy divorce requirements. Several of the ranch's buildings remain, as do a few peacocks.
The springs archeological site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1979.
Tule Springs Wash
The wash, also known as the Upper Las Vegas Wash feeds into the Las Vegas Wash. The wash area also includes several patches of the rare Las Vegas bear poppy.
This area is part of Ice Age Fossils State Park, a conservation area, and Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument, established in 2014.
References
External links
Floyd Lamb State Park website
Tule Springs Ice Age Park
Oases of Nevada
Tou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOBIN | NOBIN (2-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl) is an organic molecule used for asymmetric catalysis. NOBIN is related to BINOL and other analogs by both having a chiral axis and being a scaffold for certain chemical reactions. NOBIN is an excellent catalyst for the aldol reaction producing reliable products, good yields, and excellent diastereoselectivity.
Though rotation around the bond joining the rings is limited by the hydrogen atoms, enantiomerically pure NOBIN may racemize upon heating.
NOBIN is prepared by oxidative cross coupling of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine. The oxidative source is metal ions in solution such as Fe2+ or a Cu2+ amine complex. Once racemic NOBIN is produced, it needs to be resolved. One method for this is the use of camphorsulfonic acid, in which the basic group of NOBIN is used to form a diastereomeric salt of one enantiomer. The other enantiomer however will stay in solution.
References
Kocovsky, Smrcina, Lorenc, Hanus; Synlett;(1991) 231
Ding, Li; Ten years of research on NOBIN chemistry: Current Organic Synthesis;(2005);2;499-545
Catalysts
2-Naphthols
Naphthylamines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerna%20%28Mure%C8%99%29 | The Cerna (also: Cerna Hunedoreană or Cerna Ardeleană, ) is a left tributary of the river Mureș in Transylvania, Romania. Its name both in Romanian and Hungarian languages originates from a Slav language, meaning "black (water)". Its source is in the Poiana Ruscă Mountains. It flows through the town Hunedoara and the villages Gura Bordului, Lunca Cernii de Sus, Lunca Cernii de Jos, Hășdău, Dăbâca, Toplița, Cinciș-Cerna, Teliucu Superior, Teliucu Inferior, Peștișu Mare and Sântandrei. It discharges into the Mureș in Sântuhalm near Deva. Its length is and its basin size is .
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Cerna (from source to mouth):
Left: Bordul, Ireanc, Sălicea, Bunila, Vălărița, Govăjdia, Zlaști, Peștiș, Cristur, Valea Ursului
Right: Cernușorița, Negoi, Hășdău, Lingina, Valea Boții
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Hunedoara County
Hunedoara |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerna%20%28Olte%C8%9B%29 | The Cerna is a left tributary of the river Olteț in Romania. It discharges into the Olteț near Budești. It flows through the communes Vaideeni, Slătioara, Stroești, Copăceni, Lăpușata, Lădești, Stănești, Fârtățești, Măciuca, Valea Mare and Bălcești. Its length is and its basin size is .
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Cerna (from source to mouth):
Left: Marița, Recea, Stroești, Cernișoara, Drăgan, Braniștea
Right: Igiminea, Glămana, Omorâcea
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Vâlcea County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography%20of%20Greater%20Manchester | The demography of Greater Manchester is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data is produced for each of its ten metropolitan boroughs, each of the Greater Manchester electoral wards, the NUTS3 statistical sub-regions, each of the Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester, the 15 civil parishes in Greater Manchester, and for all of Greater Manchester as a whole; the latter of which had a population of 2,682,500 at the 2011 UK census. Additionally, data is produced for the Greater Manchester Urban Area. Statistical information is produced about the size and geographical breakdown of the population, the number of people entering and leaving country and the number of people in each demographic subgroup.
Key statistics
Compared against the demography of England, Greater Manchester's demographics are broadly inline with national averages on many topics. In terms of ethnicity, its Asian and British Asian population is considerably above the regional and national averages, as is the portion of residents who identify as Muslim. Compared against the demography of the United Kingdom, Greater Manchester's ethnic minority population consists of 11.09% of the total population. NB. Information in the table on the right is from the 2001 census and not the most recent 2011 census.
As of 2020, the ONS estimates the population of the Greater Manchester Metropolitan County to be 2,835,686.
Population change
The following is a table outlining population totals of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamina%20lucida | The lamina lucida is a component of the basement membrane which is found between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue (e.g., epidermis and dermis of the skin). It is a roughly 40 nanometre wide electron-lucent zone between the plasma membrane of the basal cells and the (electron-dense) lamina densa of the basement membrane.
Similarly, electron-lucent and electron-dense zones can be seen between enamel of teeth and the junctional epithelium. The electron-lucent zone is adjacent to the cells of the junctional epithelium and might be considered a continuation of the lamina lucida as both are seen to harbour hemidesmosomes. However, unlike the lamina densa, the electron-dense zone adjacent to enamel show no signs of hemidesmosomes.
Some theorize that the lamina lucida is an artifact created when preparing the tissue, and that the lamina lucida is therefore equal to the lamina densa in vivo.
See also
Basal lamina
List of target antigens in pemphigoid
References
Skin anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamina%20densa | The lamina densa is a component of the basement membrane zone between the epidermis and dermis of the skin, and is an electron-dense zone between the lamina lucida and dermis, synthesized by the basal cells of the epidermis, and composed of (1) type IV collagen, (2) anchoring fibrils made of type VII collagen, and (3) dermal microfibrils.
See also
Basal lamina
References
Skin anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxy%20arachidonyl%20fluorophosphonate | Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, commonly referred as MAFP, is an irreversible active site-directed enzyme inhibitor that inhibits nearly all serine hydrolases and serine proteases. It inhibits phospholipase A2 and fatty acid amide hydrolase with special potency, displaying IC50 values in the low-nanomolar range. In addition, it binds to the CB1 receptor in rat brain membrane preparations (IC50 = 20 nM), but does not appear to agonize or antagonize the receptor, though some related derivatives do show cannabinoid-like properties.
See also
DIFP – diisopropyl fluorophosphate, a related inhibitor
IDFP – isopropyl dodecylfluorophosphonate, another related inhibitor with selectivity for FAAH and MAGL
Activity-based probes
References
Cannabinoids
Phosphonofluoridates
Serine protease inhibitors
Arachidonyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well%20integrity | Well integrity, in regard to oil wells, is defined by as the "“Application of technical, operational and organizational solutions to reduce risk of uncontrolled release of formation fluids throughout the life cycle of a well”. There are various facets to well integrity, including accountability/responsibility, well operating processes, well service processes, tubing/annulus integrity, tree/wellhead integrity and testing of safety systems.
A similar form of words are used in ISO 16530 well integrity standard
Accountability/responsibility
Accountability is the position that ensures a particular task is being done. They typically control the budget and organizational chart structure.
Responsibility is the position that actually does the task. There are a variety of tasks associated with well integrity and responsibility can reside with a field's well operations engineer, operators, well service technicians, etc.
Well operating processes
This includes processes such as personnel competency, well startup-operating-shutdown procedures, process to report anomalies, corrosion/erosion control, etc.
Well service processes
This includes processes such as personnel competency, intervention procedures, etc.
Tubing/annulus integrity
This refers to the integrity of the production tubing. Common threats to tubing integrity are erosion and corrosion by production fluids, which denude the steel. The other threat is pressure differential between the tubing and the 'A' annulus. If it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAP | IRAP may refer to:
The International Refugee Assistance Project
The International Road Assessment Programme
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, a protein
IRAP PhD Program, an international joint doctorate program in relativistic astrophysics
IRAP RMS Suite, a software suite for geomodelling and designing reservoirs
Insulin responsive aminopeptidase, an alias for Leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organellar%20DNA | Organellar DNA (oDNA) is DNA contained in organelles (such as mitochondria and chloroplasts), outside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA
Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) contain plastid DNA
Inheritance of organelle DNA
The traits encoded by this type of DNA, in animals, generally pass from mother to offspring rather than from the father in a process called cytoplasmic inheritance. This is due to the ovum provided from the mother being larger than the male sperm cell, and therefore has more organelles, where the organellar DNA is found.
Although maternal inheritance is most common, there are also paternal and biparental patterns of inheritance that take place. The latter two patterns of inheritance are found most often in plants.
Recombination of organelle DNA is very limited, meaning that any traits that are encoded by the oDNA are likely to remain the same as they are passed from generation to generation.
Structure
Unlike nuclear DNA, which is present as linear molecules inside the chromosomes, the entire genomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are present on a single molecule of double-stranded circular DNA molecule; this is very similar structure to a bacterial chromosome.
Although the functionality and genetic structure vary significantly between different organelles and their host species, genetic characteristic patterns allow the differentiation between nucleolar and organellar DNA. A recently published machine-learning appr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NanoMemPro%20IPPC%20Database | The NanoMemPro IPPC database focus the operations where membranes are introduced as Best Available Techniques in the industrial areas addressed by the IPPC Directive.
The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive was adopted by the European Council on September 24, 1996. It defines the obligations with which highly polluting industrial and agricultural activities must comply.
It establishes a procedure for authorizing these activities: a permit is issued if certain environmental conditions are met.
The IPPC Directive aims to minimise pollution from various sources throughout the European Union (it concerns both new and existing installations). To do so, all industrial installations covered by the Annex I of the IPPC Directive (see ) are required to obtain an authorisation (permit) from the authorities in the EU countries before they are allowed to operate. The permits granted must be based on the concept of Best Available Techniques (or BAT).
Features
The IPPC Directive covers 33 industrial sectors where in almost all of them membrane processes appear as BAT, not only as an end-of-pipe solution for effluent treatment but mainly as a part of the industrial production processes.
Membrane process integration play a crucial role, depending on the industrial sector in which they are integrated, and these roles may be:
Confinement of pollutants in concentrate streams (that may be further treated by destructive processes),
Permeate recycle or re-use in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic%2C%20cultural%20and%20religious%20groups%20of%20Bahrain | Bahrain is a nation in the Persian Gulf, in a strategical position in relation to the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq and Oman.
Shias
Baharna
The Baharna are regarded as of the indigenous original pre-Islamic inhabitants of Bahrain.
Baharna live in Manama, almost all the villages of the main island of Bahrain, several villages in the island of Muharraq in the north and in the island of Sitra to the east. They speak similar dialects, with slight variations between villages, although the villages of Sitra have dialects which differ considerably from those of the main island.
Palm tree farming and fishing were the traditional economic activities of the Baharna.
There are also Shia Arabs concentrated in several neighborhoods in Muharraq city. They originally came from Al-Hasa, they are "Hasawis". They are distinct from the Baharna from villages outside the city proper. As a result of their proximity to surrounding Sunni Arabs and Africans, they speak the Sunni dialect.
Persians
The Shia Persians of Bahrain are a significant and influential ethnic minority whose ancestors arrived in Bahrain during the old persians states/empires days and in the early 19th century as laborers, artisans and merchants. There are large communities in Muharraq and Manama. Persians maintain a distinct culture and language, but have long since assimilated into Bahraini culture; they tend to identify themselves more as Persian Bahrainis or Bahrainis than Iranians. Almost all a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%E2%80%9357%20Serie%20A | The 1956–57 Serie A season was won by Milan.
Teams
Udinese and Palermo had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1956–57 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV%20Avala | TV Avala (full legal name: TV Avala d.o.o., Serbian Cyrillic: ТВ Авала) was a Serbian television network with national frequency. Registered as a limited liability company, the station was given a national TV frequency in Serbia in April 2006.
Five months after that, it premiered on September 17, 2006 at 8 pm. With its editorial policy, TV Avala initially reminded many of the old RTS's third channel (3K), which ceased operations on May 5, 2006 at twelve midnight.
After using the conventional format of movies, news, and sports for its first four years on the air, the network made a substantial turn towards business news in March 2010.
With headquarters located in the Belgrade municipality of Savski Venac, TV Avala broadcasts 24 hours a day.
Overview
One of the first shows broadcast on TV Avala was Star Trek: Enterprise, the first time in almost fifteen years one of the Star Trek series to be broadcast legally in Serbia. Due to this Serbian Trekkies have strongly sported this television, making a fan-site and a forum even before official site was online. Enterprise had medium ratings and public hoped that older shows of franchise will be shown. After Enterprise ended its run, there was annunciations for other Star Trek shows, but have yet to be seen.
Ownership
TV Avala's ownership structure includes 4 subjects (2 individuals and 2 companies).
The majority stake in TV Avala is held by businessman Danko Đunić (51%). In late February 2008, a 5% stake in the television was b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20period%20density%20entropy | Recurrence period density entropy (RPDE) is a method, in the fields of dynamical systems, stochastic processes, and time series analysis, for determining the periodicity, or repetitiveness of a signal.
Overview
Recurrence period density entropy is useful for characterising the extent to which a time series repeats the same sequence, and is therefore similar to linear autocorrelation and time delayed mutual information, except that it measures repetitiveness in the phase space of the system, and is thus a more reliable measure based upon the dynamics of the underlying system that generated the signal. It has the advantage that it does not require the assumptions of linearity, Gaussianity or dynamical determinism. It has been successfully used to detect abnormalities in biomedical contexts such as speech signal.
The RPDE value is a scalar in the range zero to one. For purely periodic signals, , whereas for purely i.i.d., uniform white noise, .
Method description
The RPDE method first requires the embedding of a time series in phase space, which, according to stochastic extensions to Taken's embedding theorems, can be carried out by forming time-delayed vectors:
for each value xn in the time series, where M is the embedding dimension, and τ is the embedding delay. These parameters are obtained by systematic search for the optimal set (due to lack of practical embedding parameter techniques for stochastic systems) (Stark et al. 2003). Next, around each point in the phase s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-medians%20clustering | In statistics, k-medians clustering is a cluster analysis algorithm. It is a variation of k-means clustering where instead of calculating the mean for each cluster to determine its centroid, one instead calculates the median. This has the effect of minimizing error over all clusters with respect to the 1-norm distance metric, as opposed to the squared 2-norm distance metric (which k-means does.)
This relates directly to the k-median problem with respect to the 1-norm, which is the problem of finding k centers such that the clusters formed by them are the most compact. Formally, given a set of data points x, the k centers ci are to be chosen so as to minimize the sum of the distances from each x to the nearest ci.
The criterion function formulated in this way is sometimes a better criterion than that used in the k-means clustering algorithm, in which the sum of the squared distances is used. The sum of distances is widely used in applications such as the facility location problem.
The proposed algorithm uses Lloyd-style iteration which alternates between an expectation (E) and maximization (M) step, making this an expectation–maximization algorithm. In the E step, all objects are assigned to their nearest median. In the M step, the medians are recomputed by using the median in each single dimension.
Medians and medoids
The median is computed in each single dimension in the Manhattan-distance formulation of the k-medians problem, so the individual attributes will come fro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valea%20lui%20Iovan | The Valea lui Iovan is a river in Romania, right tributary of the Cerna. Its source is in the Godeanu Mountains. It discharges into the Valea lui Iovan Reservoir. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Gorj County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary%20curve | In algebraic geometry an imaginary curve is an algebraic curve which does not contain any real points.
For example, the set of pairs of complex numbers satisfying the equation forms an imaginary circle, containing points such as and but not containing any points both of whose coordinates are real.
In some cases, more generally, an algebraic curve with only finitely many real points is considered to be an imaginary curve. For instance, an imaginary line is a line (in a complex projective space) that contains only one real point.
See also
Imaginary point
Real line
Real curve
References
Projective geometry
Curves |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fc%20receptor-like%20molecule | Fc receptor-like molecules (FCRLs) are a class of proteins that resemble Fc receptors. They have been characterized in a number of species, including humans and mice. They are preferentially expressed by B lymphocytes. Unlike the classical Fc receptors, there is no strong evidence that suggests that FCRLs bind to the Fc portion of antibodies. Their function is unknown.
It has been indicated that FCRLs may be a unique marker for immune cells in the brain called microglia, compared to other CNS cells and peripheral immune cells.
Members
FCRL1
FCRL2
FCRL3
FCRL4
FCRL5
FCRL6
FCRLA. FCRLA associates with IgM, IgG and IgA.
FCRLB
See also
Fc receptor
References
Further reading
Fc receptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanul | The Olanul is a right tributary of the river Cerna in Romania. It discharges into the Cerna near Cerna-Sat. Its source is in the Godeanu Mountains. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Gorj County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valea%20C%C4%83rbunelui | The Valea Cărbunelui is a right tributary of the river Cerna in Romania. It discharges into the Valea lui Iovan Reservoir. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Gorj County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GamerDNA | gamerDNA Inc. was a social media company for video game players founded on September 21, 2006. The company was part of Live Gamer (Emergent Payments). Members may tag themselves with information on games they have played, server names and guild affiliations, and use this information to find people they have played with in the past, or find guilds or other gamers to play with based on play style. The company was originally funded by Flybridge Ventures (formerly known as IDG Ventures).
Social network for online gamers
GamerDNA helped people discover new games to play based on their interests. The site features a number of tools to help game-players learn about what aspects of games they enjoy, including automated tracking of games on Xfire, Steam and Xbox Live; a database of games that locates games based on gameplay elements such as setting, tone and game mechanics; and quizzes such as the Bartle Test, which helps a player identify what aspects of game play they are most interested in—and then form connections with other players with similar interests.
The company has been compared to a Facebook and MySpace for online game players,
Some industry analysts have observed that social networks for online games are part of a new trend in which major MMORPG products are spawning secondary industries. Also like other social networks, the service allowed members to form social connections with other members, and traverse the database of member profiles by these social connections or |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZS | LZS may refer to:
Latvijas Zemnieku savienība, a political party in Latvia
Lempel–Ziv–Stac, a lossless data compression algorithm
Leutnant zur See, a rank in the German Navy
Ludowe Zespoły Sportowe, a union of Polish sport clubs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinocyte%20transglutaminase | Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K is a transglutaminase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM1 gene.
Function
Keratinocyte transglutaminase enzymes serve to specifically catalyze the development of the cornified cell envelope, a defining characteristic of epidermal keratinocytes that have undergone the termination of differentiation. The specific cross linkages formed by keratinocyte transglutaminase are between n^ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine residues which develop into isopeptide protein-protein linkages that adds to the stabilization of the cornified cell envelope.
In terminally differentiated stratified squamous epithelia, the cornified cell envelope protein linkages allow for a structurally fortified, yet flexible (15 nm thick) layer to the place of the cell membrane, acting as a highly insoluble barrier. The expression of the enzyme is most highly exhibited along the biological membrane of these fully formed epithelial cells, preventing the cell from undergoing chemical and or physical damages. A lesser amount of enzymatic activity, of the TGK genes (5-10%), lies within the cytoplasmic fraction of such cells, allowing for finalization of the cross-linkaging necessary for the full functionality of the cornified cell envelope.
Pathology
A deficiency is associated with ichthyosis lamellaris. Epidermal transglutaminase is the autoantigen, in humans, of dermatitis herpetiformis.
A study on the mutation of keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGK) came to conclude t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CACP | CACP might refer to:
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome
Proteoglycan 4, extracellular protein
Organisations and government
Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices, India
Communauté d'agglomération de Cergy-Pontoise, France
Conservation of the Asiatic Cheetah Project, Iran |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diiodohydroxyquinoline | The quinoline derivative diiodohydroxyquinoline (INN), or iodoquinol (USAN), brand name Diodoquin, can be used in the treatment of amoebiasis.
It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is used as a luminal amebicide. It acts by chelation of ferrous ions essential for metabolism.
It was discovered by Adco Co. and introduced as diiodohydroxyquinoline.
Susceptibility of Dientamoeba fragilis has been measured.
Iodoquinol is an amebicide used against Entamoeba histolytica, and it is active against both cyst and trophozoites that are localized in the lumen of the intestine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amebiasis. The full mechanism of action is unknown. Iodoquinol is used for diseases caused by moderate intestinal amebiasis.
Diiodohydroxyquinoline enhances zinc absorption in the zinc deficiency disorder acrodermatitis enteropathica, probably because it acts as a zinc ionophore.
See also
Ionophore
References
Iodoarenes
Quinolinols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVI | VVI may stand for:
Variable-voltage inverter, a type of variable-frequency drive system
Venevisión International, a global television network broadcasting Spanish content
Vermont Volunteer Infantry Regiments, a group of infantry regiments in the Union Army during the American Civil War
Vertical velocity indicator, also known as variometer
Viad Corp. (NYSE code: VVI), a marketing company
Vinnie Vincent Invasion, an American glam metal band
Viru Viru International Airport (IATA code: VVI), an aviation facility in Bolivia
es:VVI
nl:VVI |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957%E2%80%9358%20Serie%20A | The 1957–58 Serie A season was won by Juventus.
Teams
Hellas Verona and Alessandria had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
This season was influenced by the Belfast disaster. Following the defeat of the Italy national football team by Northern Ireland, the sole elimination of Italy from the FIFA World Cup before 2018, the Italian government appointed a commissioner to the FIGC. A reduction of the Serie A to 16 clubs was imposed, with a single promotion from the Serie B and three relegations, but the Football League disagreed. The League won the dispute, and the reduction was annulled establishing a playoff between the 17th in Serie A and the 2nd in Serie B. In the meantime, Atalanta was ranked last for a corruption case: the Bergamo club was later accomplished by a judge, but for equity the ordinary, original regulation with two relegations was restored.
Inter and Roma were invited to the 1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.SS Lazio was the cupwinner.
Results
Serie A qualification
Hellas Verona had to play two qualification matches against the team that ranked second in Serie B.
Hellas Verona relegated to Serie B.
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1957–58 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Louvigny | Villa Louvigny is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, that served as the headquarters of Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, the forerunner of RTL Group. It is located in Municipal Park, in the Ville Haute quarter of the centre of the city.
History
Built in 1920 on a site that before had been the Louvigny fort of the old fortress of Luxembourg, it was named after Jean Charles de Landas, Count of Louvigny, who was chief engineer and interim governor of the fortress in the 1670s. The building was rented to the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, who eventually bought the building in 1936. In 1991 the administrative offices moved to a new building on the Kirchberg plateau, followed by the technical installations in 1996. The philharmonic orchestra of Luxembourg remained in the facilities until 2005 when the Philharmony building was finished.
Villa Louvigny has hosted the Eurovision Song Contest twice, in 1962 and 1966.
Since 2000, the Villa Louvigny has been the main seat of the ministry of health.
See also
Radio Luxembourg
References
External links
Music venues in Luxembourg City
Television in Luxembourg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiolutin | Thiolutin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic, which is a potent inhibitor of bacterial and yeast RNA polymerases. It was found to inhibit in vitro RNA synthesis directed by all three yeast RNA polymerases (I, II, and III). Thiolutin is also an inhibitor of mannan and glucan formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used for the analysis of mRNA stability. Studies have shown that thiolutin inhibits adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to vitronectin and thus suppresses tumor cell-induced angiogenesis in vivo.
Thiolutin is formed in submerged fermentation by several strains of Streptomycetes luteosporeus. Some sources erroneously specify "aureothricin" as a synonym of thiolutin. Aureothricin is an antibiotic very similar to thiolutin, and is created as a by-product during the thiolutin fermentation.
References
Antibiotics
Organic disulfides
Lactams
Acetamides
Enones |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumping%20%28oil%20well%29 | In the context of oil wells, pumping is a routine operation involving injecting fluids into the well. Pumping may either be done by rigging up to the kill wing valve on the Xmas tree or, if an intervention rig up is present pumping into the riser through a T-piece (a small section of riser with a connection on the side). Pumping is most routinely done to protect the well against scale and hydrates through the pumping of scale inhibitors and methanol. Pumping of kill weight brine may be done for the purposes of well kills and more exotic chemicals may be pumped from surface for cleaning the lower completion or stimulating the reservoir (though these types are jobs are more frequently done with coiled tubing for extra precision).
Importance of knowing quantity
Work involving wells is fraught with difficulties as there is often very little information about the real time condition of the completion. This lack of knowledge also covers potential damage and even loss of well integrity. Therefore, it is essential for the operator to pay attention to the pressures as recorded and to the quantity pumped. A premature increase in pressure is sign of a potential blockage and continuing to pump risks burst pressure retaining components. Pumping more than an anticipated amount of fluid is a sign of a loss of integrity and a potential leak path somewhere. In either of these two situations, pumping must be stopped and the potential causes analysed.
Compressed volumes
It is vital to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-N-acetylgalactosaminidase | α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase () is a glycoside hydrolase from bacteria and animals, also known as nagalase.
The human gene that codes for this enzyme is NAGA. Mutations in this gene and the deficiency in α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity have been identified as the cause of Schindler disease.
Enzymes with this activity is useful for converting type A blood to type O, giving it the name of A-zyme. Bacterial enzymes in the GH109 family, including the A-zyme from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, runs this reaction efficiently.
Nagalase catalyzes the deglycosylation of the Gc protein also known as vitamin D3 binding protein rendering it incapable of being converted to the regulatory protein, Gc Macrophage Activating Factor, a protein involved in the activation of macrophages — in cases when many types of incompatible cells happen to be around, thus nagalase diminishes the body’s macrophage activating capacity, and elevated nagalase has been reported in systemic disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus. Elevated nagalase levels have also been found in the blood of children with autism and autism spectrum disorders. Nagalase accumulates in the serum of cancer patients and its activity correlates with tumor burden, aggressiveness and clinical disease progression.
References
External links
EC 3.2.1
Enzymes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slepian%27s%20lemma | In probability theory, Slepian's lemma (1962), named after David Slepian, is a Gaussian comparison inequality. It states that for Gaussian random variables and in satisfying ,
the following inequality holds for all real numbers :
or equivalently,
While this intuitive-seeming result is true for Gaussian processes, it is not in general true for other random variables—not even those with expectation 0.
As a corollary, if is a centered stationary Gaussian process such that for all , it holds for any real number that
History
Slepian's lemma was first proven by Slepian in 1962, and has since been used in reliability theory, extreme value theory and areas of pure probability. It has also been re-proven in several different forms.
References
Slepian, D. "The One-Sided Barrier Problem for Gaussian Noise", Bell System Technical Journal (1962), pp 463–501.
Huffer, F. "Slepian's inequality via the central limit theorem", Canadian Journal of Statistics (1986), pp 367–370.
Ledoux, M., Talagrand, M. "Probability in Banach Spaces", Springer Verlag, Berlin 1991, pp 75.
Lemmas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%20right%20process | In the mathematical theory of probability, a Borel right process, named after Émile Borel, is a particular kind of continuous-time random process.
Let be a locally compact, separable, metric space.
We denote by the Borel subsets of .
Let be the space of right continuous maps from to that have left limits in ,
and for each , denote by the coordinate map at ; for
each , is the value of at .
We denote the universal completion of by .
For each , let
and then, let
For each Borel measurable function on , define, for each ,
Since and the mapping given by is right continuous, we see that
for any uniformly continuous function , we have the mapping given by is right continuous.
Therefore, together with the monotone class theorem, for any universally measurable function , the mapping given by , is jointly measurable, that is, measurable, and subsequently, the mapping is also -measurable for all finite measures on and on .
Here,
is the completion of
with respect
to the product measure .
Thus, for any bounded universally measurable function on ,
the mapping is Lebeague measurable, and hence,
for each , one can define
There is enough joint measurability to check that is a Markov resolvent on ,
which uniquely associated with the Markovian semigroup .
Consequently, one may apply Fubini's theorem to see that
The following are the defining properties of Borel right processes:
Hypothesis Droite 1:
For each probability measure on , the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston%20Dynamics | Boston Dynamics is an American engineering and robotics design company founded in 1992 as a spin-off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, Boston Dynamics has been owned by the Hyundai Motor Group since December 2020, but having only completed the acquisition in June 2021.
Boston Dynamics develops of a series of dynamic highly mobile robots, including BigDog, Spot, Atlas, and Handle. Since 2019, Spot has been made commercially available, making it the first commercially available robot from Boston Dynamics, while the company has stated its intent to commercialize other robots as well, including Handle.
History
The company was founded by Marc Raibert, who spun the company off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992. The company was an outgrowth of the Leg Laboratory, Raibert's research lab at MIT and Carnegie Mellon University. The Leg Laboratory helped establish the scientific basis for highly dynamic robots. These robots were inspired by the remarkable ability of animals to move with agility, dexterity, perception and intelligence, and the work there set the stage for the robots developed at Boston Dynamics. Nancy Cornelius was a co-founder of Boston Dynamics, having joined the company as its first employee. During her time there she served as an officer of the company, did engineering on many contracts, was CFO for 10 years, and later was VP in charge of engineering on several contracts. She retired after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20bounding%20box%20algorithms | In computational geometry, the smallest enclosing box problem is that of finding the oriented minimum bounding box enclosing a set of points. It is a type of bounding volume. "Smallest" may refer to volume, area, perimeter, etc. of the box.
It is sufficient to find the smallest enclosing box for the convex hull of the objects in question. It is straightforward to find the smallest enclosing box that has sides parallel to the coordinate axes; the difficult part of the problem is to determine the orientation of the box.
Two dimensions
For the convex polygon, a linear time algorithm for the minimum-area enclosing rectangle is known. It is based on the observation that a side of a minimum-area enclosing box must be collinear with a side of the convex polygon. It is possible to enumerate boxes of this kind in linear time with the approach called rotating calipers by
Godfried Toussaint in 1983. The same approach is applicable for finding the minimum-perimeter enclosing rectangle. A C++ implementation of the algorithm that is robust against floating point errors is available.
Three dimensions
In 1985, Joseph O'Rourke published a cubic-time algorithm to find the minimum-volume enclosing box of a 3-dimensional point set. O'Rourke's approach uses a 3-dimensional rotating calipers technique, and is based on lemmas characterizing the minimum enclosing box:
There must exist two neighbouring faces of the smallest-volume enclosing box which both contain an edge of the convex hull of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroxine | Boroxine () is a 6-membered heterocyclic compound composed of alternating oxygen and singly-hydrogenated boron atoms. Boroxine derivatives (boronic anhydrides) such as trimethylboroxine and triphenylboroxine also make up a broader class of compounds called boroxines. These compounds are solids that are usually in equilibrium with their respective boronic acids at room temperature. Beside being used in theoretical studies, boroxine is primarily used in the production of optics.
Structure and bonding
Three-coordinate compounds of boron typically exhibit trigonal planar geometry, therefore the boroxine ring is locked in a planar geometry as well. These compounds are isoelectronic to benzene. With the vacant p-orbital on the boron atoms, they may possess some aromatic character. Boron single-bonds on boroxine compounds are mostly s-character. Ethyl-substituted boroxine has B-O bond lengths of 1.384 Å and B-C bond lengths of 1.565 Å. Phenyl-substituted boroxine has similar bond lengths of 1.386 Å and 1.546 Å respectively, showing that the substituent has little effect on the boroxine ring size.
Substitutions onto a boroxine ring determine its crystal structure. Alkyl-substituted boroxines have the simplest crystal structure. These molecules stack on top of each other, aligning an oxygen atom from one molecule with a boron atom in another, leaving each boron atom between two other oxygen atoms. This forms a tube out of the individual boroxine rings. The intermolecular B-O distan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Crystal | Irish Crystal is the ninth of the Nuala Anne McGrail series of mystery novels by Roman Catholic priest and author Father Andrew M. Greeley.
References
2006 American novels
Nuala Anne McGrail series
Novels by Andrew M. Greeley
Forge Books books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koda | Koda or KODA may refer to:
People
Cub Koda (1948–2000), American rock and roll songwriter, singer, guitarist, disc jockey, music critic and record compiler
Geeta Koda (born ca. 1983), Indian politician
Gjon Koda (born 1893), Albanian friar, one of the 38 Blessed Martyrs of Albania
Harold Koda (born 1950), American fashion scholar
Madhu Koda (born 1971), Indian Chief Minister of the State of Jharkhand
Kōda, often spelled Koda or Kouda, a common Japanese surname
Aya Kōda (1904–1990), Japanese essayist and novelist
Gakuto Coda (born 1977), Japanese light novelist
Isao Koda (born 1965), Japanese baseball pitcher
Hiroyuki Koda (1944–1997), director of the US Yoshukai Karate Association 1979-1997
Kaho Kōda (born 1967), Japanese voice actress
Koda Kumi (born 1982), Japanese pop singer
Kuniko Koda (born 1965), Japanese politician
Kōda Rohan, pen name of Japanese author Kōda Shigeyuki (1867–1947)
Masakazu Koda (born 1969), Japanese soccer player
Mariko Kouda (born 1969), Japanese voice actress and J-Pop singer
Naoko Kouda, stage name of Japanese voice actress Yumiko Satō (born 1959)
Nobu Kōda (1870–1946), Japanese composer, violinist, and music teacher
Shosei Koda (1979–2004), Japanese tourist who was beheaded in Iraq
Kōda, fictional family in the Manpuku Japanese TV drama series (2018–)
Koda Glover (born 1993), American baseball pitcher
Koda Martin (born 1995), American football player
KODA (singer), Ghanaian gospel singer Kofi Owusu Dua Anto (born 1978)
Places
Kōda Station (disam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna%20Williams%20%28politician%29 | Myrna Torme Williams (August 26, 1929 – December 27, 2021) was an American politician. Her career extended from 1985 to 2007 and included ten years in the Nevada Assembly, as well as twelve years in the local government of Clark County, which encompasses the city of Las Vegas. She was a member of the Democratic Party.
Early years
Myrna Torme was born in Chicago, Illinois, on August 26, 1929, to a family of Russian Jewish immigrants. While her mother was born after her family arrived in America, her father, William, called "Bill", was a child dancer in Russia who had won dozens of contests and even took lessons from the legendary master of the ballet, Vaslav Nijinsky. Coming to America at the age of eleven, along with his father, mother and two younger brothers, he saw his youngest sibling, sister Faye, who was born in New York, achieve fame as the "Wonder Frisco Dancer" when, almost immediately following the family's move to Chicago in 1917, at the outbreak of World War I, she became a star performer at war bond rallies.
In Summer 1923, Bill Torme met Betty Sopkin at a wedding reception in the Morrison Hotel and they subsequently married in January 1924, with their first child, son Melvin, arriving in September 1925. In his autobiography, It Wasn't All Velvet, Melvin, who gained stardom as the recording artist, songwriter and personality, Mel Tormé, recounts that the family surname had originally been "Torma", but an Ellis Island immigration official inscribed it as "Torme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary%20stenosis | Papillary stenosis is a disturbance of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve, that prevents the opening and release of bile or pancreatic fluids into the duodenum in response to food entering the duodenum.
Obstruction of the valve can cause:
pancreatic pain
jaundice – bile leaking back into the blood stream.
attacks of pancreatitis
Causes
passage of stones
scarring
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Diagnosis and treatment
Endoscopic examination
Usually treated surgically, usually involving papillotomy, that is, an incision in the sphincter.
See also
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
External links
Papillary Stenosis: Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
References
Biliary tract disorders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin%20Mobile%20South%20Africa | Virgin Mobile South Africa (VMSA) was a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) which was launched in 2006 as a joint venture between Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group and Cell C. Based in Johannesburg, the bustling business-hub of South Africa, Virgin Mobile South Africa has established itself as a dynamic and growing brand with stores nationwide. In February 2011, Cell C sold its stake to Virgin Group and Calico Investments, after which Virgin Group assumed a controlling stake. In November 2020 the company went into voluntary business rescue. In September 2021 their customers were informed that services would be stopped by the end of November 2021, but by 17 September 2021 all services were stopped, leaving many customers stranded.
Services
Voice & SMS
Virgin Mobile prides itself in being a no-frills brand providing simplicity to its customers. The MVNO offers a prepaid product with a flat voice rate across all networks, at any time of the day and an out of bundle rate of 99c per MB. Virgin Mobile also offers BYO (Bring Your Own) SIM only plans which are available on a month-to-month and 12 month packages.
Virgin Mobile airtime is available in various denominations via the major banks, in retail and petrol stations nationwide as well as online.
Internet
Virgin Mobile offers users mobile internet via EDGE, 3G, LTE and HSPA+ at the cost of 99c per MB on prepaid. Customers also have the flexibility to load mobile internet bundles, which may significantly reduce this per MB |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna%20Williams | Myrna Williams may refer to:
Myrna Adele Williams (1905–1993), American movie star Myrna Loy's birth name
Myrna Williams (politician) (born 1929), American politician |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin%20D1 | Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.
Gene expression
The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein. The human CCND1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (band 11q13). It is 13,388 base pairs long, and translates into 295 amino acids. Cyclin D1 is expressed in all adult human tissues with the exception of cells derived from bone marrow stem cell lines (both lymphoid and myeloid).
Protein structure
Cyclin D1 is composed of the following protein domains and motifs:
retinoblastoma protein (pRb) binding motif;
cyclin box domain for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) binding and CDK inhibitor binding;
LxxLL binding motif for co-activator recruitment;
PEST sequence that may mark the protein for degradation;
threonine residue (threonine 286) that controls nuclear export and protein stability.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinase). Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest%20Oregon%20Conference | The Northwest Oregon Conference (NWOC) is a 5A level classification that falls under the Oregon School Activities Association or the OSAA. The conference was created in 2006 when the OSAA restructured its conference system, expanding from 4 levels to 6. Schools at the 5A level had previously competed at the 4A or 3A level.
Members
Canby High School - Canby
Centennial High School - Gresham
Hillsboro High School - Hillsboro
Hood River Valley High School - Hood River
La Salle High School - Milwaukie
Milwaukie High School - Milwaukie
Parkrose High School - Portland
Rex Putnam High School - Milwaukie
Wilsonville High School - Wilsonville
External links
nwoc5a.org
High school sports in Oregon
High school sports conferences and leagues in the United States
2006 establishments in Oregon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20plateau | A volcanic plateau is a plateau produced by volcanic activity. There are two main types: lava plateaus and pyroclastic plateaus.
Lava plateau
Lava plateaus are formed by highly fluid basaltic lava during numerous successive eruptions through numerous vents without violent explosions (quiet eruptions). These eruptions are quiet because of low viscosity of lava, so that it is very fluid and contains a small amount of trapped gases. The resulting sheet lava flows may be extruded from linear fissures or rifts or gigantic volcanic eruptions through multiple vents characteristic of the prehistoric era which produced giant flood basalts. Multiple successive and extensive lava flows cover the original landscape to eventually form a plateau, which may contain lava fields, cinder cones, shield volcanoes and other volcanic landforms. In some cases, a lava plateau may be part of a single volcano. An example is the massive Level Mountain shield volcano in northern British Columbia, Canada, which covers an area of and a volume of .
Perhaps the most extensive of all the subaerial basaltic plateaus existed during the Paleogene and possibly extended over of the northern Atlantic Ocean region. This region, known as the Thulean Plateau, is generally believed to have been broken up by foundering of the Earth's crust to form the present ocean basin.
Earth features numerous subaerial and submarine volcanic plateaus such as the Columbia River Plateau (subaerial) and the vast Ontong Java Pla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%E2%80%9361%20Serie%20A | The 1960–61 Serie A season was won by Juventus.
Teams
Torino, Lecco and Catania had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Relegation tie-breaker
Bari relegated to Serie B.
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1960–61 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss%20of%20Strength%20Gradient | The Loss of Strength Gradient (LSG) is a military concept devised by Kenneth E. Boulding in his 1962 book Conflict and Defense: A General Theory. He argued that the amount of a nation's military power that could be brought to bear in any part of the world depended on geographic distance. The Loss of Strength Gradient demonstrated graphically that, the farther away the target of aggression, the less strength could be made available. It also showed how this loss of strength could be ameliorated by forward positions.
Decreasing relevance
Boulding also argued that the Loss of Strength Gradient was becoming less relevant in modern warfare due to easier transportation and the rise of strategic air and missile power. He claimed that a 20th-century "military revolution" allowed for a "substantial diminution in the cost of transportation of organized violence of all kinds, especially of organized armed forces", as well as "an enormous increase in the range of the deadly projectile."
On the other hand, another scholar contended that the Loss of Strength Gradient continues to be relevant, and if there has been a reduction in the concept's significance, it was only temporary, as transportation is not becoming permanently easy, and air power is not permanently replacing the need for forward deployed ground forces.
See also
Blue-water navy
Culminating point
Defence in depth
Expeditionary warfare
Power projection
Strategic depth
References
Military doctrines
Military logistics
Mi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerna%20%28Tulcea%29 | The Cerna is a small right tributary of the Danube in Romania. It flows into Lake Traian, which is connected with the Danube, in the village Traian.
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Tulcea County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpstat | mpstat is a computer command-line software used in Unix-type operating systems to report (on the screen) processor-related statistics. It is used in computer monitoring in order to diagnose problems or to build statistics about a computer's CPU usage.
Description
The mpstat command writes to standard output activities for each available processor.
The mpstat command can be used both on SMP and UP machines, but in the latter, only global average activities will be printed.
Usage
$ mpstat <interval> <count>
Interval is the time in seconds between printing out a line of statistics. Count is the number of lines of output you want.
Note that the first line of output from mpstat (like iostat, vmstat, etc.) contains averages since system boot. The subsequent lines will show current values.
Examples
Different examples of output under different operating systems:
under Linux kernel 4.14 on a two CPU machine:
Linux 4.14.24.mptcp (hostname) 05/23/2018 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
03:51:19 PM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle
03:51:20 PM all 2.51 0.00 2.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.48
03:51:21 PM all 2.53 0.00 2.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.45
under Linux kernel 2.4:
$ mpstat
Linux 2.4.21-32.ELsmp (linux00) 07/04/07
10:26:54 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %irq %soft %idle intr/s
10:26:54 all 0.07 0.00 0.16 8.48 0.00 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurens%20de%20Haan | Laurens de Haan (born 15 January 1937) is a Dutch economist and Emeritus Professor of Probability and Mathematical Statistics at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, specializing in extreme value theory.
Biography
Born in Rotterdam, De Haan received his MA in mathematics from the University of Amsterdam in 1966, and his PhD in mathematics in 1970 under supervision of Johannes Runnenburg for the thesis "On regular variation and sample extremes".
De Haan started his academic career in 1966 as researcher in probability and statistics at the Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam. In the year 1971–72 he was visiting assistant professor at Stanford University. In 1977 he was appointed professor of probability and mathematical statistics at the Erasmus Universiteit, where he stayed until his retirement in 1998. From 1990 to 1992 he was associate dean of the school of economics. From 2008 to 2011 he was part-time professor of statistics at the University of Tilburg.
In 1977 he was elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (I.M.S.), and he was guest professor at Peking University in 1994. He was awarded a Doctor honoris causa from the Universidade de Lisboa in 2000 and the Medallion lecture at the I.M.S. annual meeting in Gothenburg in 2000.
Work
Overschrijdingslijnen project
The "Overschrijdingslijnen" was a research project based on extreme-value analysis, meant to provide new standards for the Dutch sea defenses. It was commissioned by the Ministry of Public Works, s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husan | Husan () is a Palestinian town located west of Bethlehem, in the Bethlehem Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Husan had a population of 7,048 in 2017.
Husan is located in the Seam Zone of the Israeli-occupied West Bank, such that it is separated from the rest of the West Bank by the Israeli West Bank barrier.
Etymology
In Arabic, husan means "goodness and beauty". The name may also be derived from Hassan monastery, which later became Husan. In 1881, Edward Henry Palmer wrote that it came from "hovering round".
History
The oldest remains found in the village date back to the Iron Age. Other remains date from the post-Babylonian captivity period and the Middle Ages. The original inhabitants came from the Arabian Peninsula and Yemen in the 3rd century. Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.
Ottoman era
Husan, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had an all-Muslim population of 12 households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards and fruit trees, vegetable and fruit garden, orchard, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives.
In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village in the District of el-'Arkub; Southwest of Jerusalem.
When Victor Guérin first passed by Husan in June 1863, he noted that it was located on a mountain. Later, in August the sa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression%20%28medicine%29 | Regression in medicine is the partial or complete reversal of a disease's signs and symptoms.
Clinically, regression generally refers to a decrease in severity of symptoms without completely disappearing. At a later point, symptoms may return. These symptoms are then called recidive.
In cancer, regression refers to a specific decrease in the size or extent of a tumour. In histopathology, histological regression is one or more areas within a tumor in which neoplastic cells have disappeared or decreased in number. In melanomas, this means complete or partial disappearance from areas of the dermis (and occasionally from the epidermis), which have been replaced by fibrosis, accompanied by melanophages, new blood vessels, and a variable degree of inflammation.
References
Epidemiology
Medical terminology |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.