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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20M.%20Stein
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Charles Max Stein (March 22, 1920 – November 24, 2016) was an American mathematical statistician and professor of statistics at Stanford University.
He received his Ph.D in 1947 at Columbia University with advisor Abraham Wald. He held faculty positions at Berkeley and the University of Chicago before moving permanently to Stanford in 1953. He is known for Stein's paradox in decision theory, which shows that ordinary least squares estimates can be uniformly improved when many parameters are estimated; for Stein's lemma, giving a formula for the covariance of one random variable with the value of a function of another when the two random variables are jointly normally distributed; and for Stein's method, a way of proving theorems such as the Central Limit Theorem that does not require the variables to be independent and identically distributed. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He died in November 2016 at the age of 96.
Works
Approximate Computation of Expectations, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Hayward, CA, 1986.
A bound for the error in the normal approximation to the distribution of a sum of dependent random variables, Sixth Berkeley Stanford Symposium, pages 583-602.
Interviews
References
National University of Singapore Program Honoring Prof. Stein
Photograph of Stein
Another photograph
See also
James–Stein estimator
Stein's lemma
Stein's method
Stein's unbiased risk estimate
Stein's loss
Stein discrepancy
1920 births
2016 deaths
Ame
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor
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In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins responsible for sensing steroids, thyroid hormones, vitamins, and certain other molecules. These intracellular receptors work with other proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes thereby controlling the development, homeostasis, and metabolism of the organism.
Nuclear receptors bind directly to DNA regulating the expression of adjacent genes; hence these receptors are classified as transcription factors. The regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors often occurs in the presence of a ligand—a molecule that affects the receptor's behavior. Ligand binding to a nuclear receptor results in a conformational change activating the receptor. The result is up- or down-regulation of gene expression.
A unique property of nuclear receptors that differentiates them from other classes of receptors is their direct control of genomic DNA. Nuclear receptors play key roles in both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. As discussed below nuclear receptors are classified according to mechanism or homology.
Species distribution
Nuclear receptors are specific to metazoans (animals) and are not found in protists, algae, fungi, or plants. Amongst the early-branching animal lineages with sequenced genomes, two have been reported from the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica, two from the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi four from the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens and 17 from the cnidarian Nematos
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimeraplasty
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Chimeraplasty is a non-viral method of gene therapy. Chimeraplasty changes DNA sequences using a synthetic strand of RNA and DNA. This strand of RNA and DNA is known as a chimeraplast. The chimeraplast enters a cell and attaches itself to the target gene. The DNA of the chimeraplast and the cell complement each other except in the middle of the strand, where the chimeraplast's sequence is different from that of the cell. The DNA repair enzymes then replace the cell's DNA with that of the chimeraplast. This leaves the chimeraplast's new sequence in the cell's DNA and the replaced DNA sequence then decays.
This technique was first developed and named by Eric Kmiec at Thomas Jefferson University. Since its discovery there has been debate over chimeraplasty's effectiveness. In the 6 September 1996 article of Science, Kmiec claimed that chimeraplasty was 50% effective in human cells. This figure was later disputed by a number of universities; chimeraplasty is now considered from .4-2.4% effective at transforming fibroblasts, and 0.0002% effective in transforming yeast cells.
References
External links
13 December 2002 Science article
Biotech terms
Applied genetics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgranulin
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Calgranulin is an S100 calcium-binding protein that is expressed in multiple cell types, including renal epithelial cells and neutrophils.
The proteins S100A8 and S100A9 form a heterodimer called calprotectin.
Human genes
S100A8 (calgranulin A)
S100A9 (calgranulin B)
S100A12 (calgranulin C)
Function
Some in vitro evidence suggests that calgranulin can inhibit the precipitation of calcium oxalate in a urine-like environment at calgranulin concentrations below physiological concentrations. Thus, it may also function in vivo as an inhibitor of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. However, the role of calgranulin in the stone formation process has not been evaluated.
See also
Measurement of faecal calprotectin
References
External links
S100 proteins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betti%27s%20theorem
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Betti's theorem, also known as Maxwell–Betti reciprocal work theorem, discovered by Enrico Betti in 1872, states that for a linear elastic structure subject to two sets of forces {Pi} i=1,...,n and {Qj}, j=1,2,...,n, the work done by the set P through the displacements produced by the set Q is equal to the work done by the set Q through the displacements produced by the set P. This theorem has applications in structural engineering where it is used to define influence lines and derive the boundary element method.
Betti's theorem is used in the design of compliant mechanisms by topology optimization approach.
Proof
Consider a solid body subjected to a pair of external force systems, referred to as and . Consider that each force system causes a displacement field, with the displacements measured at the external force's point of application referred to as and .
When the force system is applied to the structure, the balance between the work performed by the external force system and the strain energy is:
The work-energy balance associated with the force system is as follows:
Now, consider that with the force system applied, the force system is applied subsequently. As the is already applied and therefore won't cause any extra displacement, the work-energy balance assumes the following expression:
Conversely, if we consider the force system already applied and the external force system applied subsequently, the work-energy balance will assume the following expres
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokko%20and%20Rector%20Model
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The Kokko and Rector model is a theory explaining the mechanism of generation of a gradient in the inner medulla of the kidney. Unlike earlier theories explaining the mechanism using counter current mechanism (as is the case in the outer medulla), the driving force for salt reabsorption is stated to be urea accumulation. It has been proved that counter current mechanism cannot be the case in the inner medulla, since there are no salt pumps, and the cell membrane is too permeable to salt.
History
It has been proposed by Juha Kokko and Floyd Rector Jr. in 1972.
References
Further reading
Renal physiology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersdorffite
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Gersdorffite is a nickel arsenic sulfide mineral with formula NiAsS. It crystallizes in the isometric system showing diploidal symmetry. It occurs as euhedral to massive opaque, metallic grey-black to silver white forms. Gersdorffite belongs to a solid solution series with cobaltite, CoAsS. Antimony freely substitutes also leading to ullmannite, NiSbS. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 5.9 to 6.33.
Gersdorffite has three crystallisation forms: Gersdorffite-P213 (NiAsS), Gersdorffite-Pa3 (Ni(As,S)2) and Gersdorffite-Pca21 (NiAsS). Gersdorffite occurs as a hydrothermal vein mineral along with other nickel sulfides. Associated minerals include nickeline, nickel-skutterudite, cobaltite, ullmannite, maucherite, löllingite, platinum-group minerals, millerite, pyrite, marcasite, and chalcopyrite.
Gersdorffite was first described in 1843 and named in 1845 for Johann von Gersdorff (1781–1849), owner of the nickel mine at Schladming, Austria the type locality.
References
Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944) Dana's system of mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, pp. 298–300
Webmineral data
Mindat with location data
Mineral Data Publishing PDF
Sulfosalt minerals
Nickel minerals
Arsenic minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 29
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 198
Minerals in space group 205
Minerals described in 1845
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucositis
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Mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer. Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment.
Oral and gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis affects almost all patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 80% of patients with malignancies of the head and neck receiving radiotherapy, and a wide range of patients receiving chemotherapy. Alimentary tract mucositis increases mortality and morbidity and contributes to rising health care costs.
For most cancer treatment, about 5–15% of patients get mucositis. However, with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), up to 40% get mucositis, and 10–15% get grade 3–4 oral mucositis. Irinotecan is associated with severe GI mucositis in over 20% of patients. Seventy-five to eighty percent of bone marrow transplantation recipients experience mucositis, of which oral mucositis is the most common and most debilitating, especially when melphalan is used. In grade 3 oral mucositis, the patient is unable to eat solid food, and in grade 4, the patient is unable to consume liquids as well.
Radiotherapy to the head and neck or to the pelvis or abdomen is associated with Grade 3 a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roddam%20Narasimha
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Roddam Narasimha FRS (20 July 193314 December 2020) was an Indian aerospace scientist and fluid dynamicist. He was a professor of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science (1962–1999), director of the National Aerospace Laboratories (1984–1993) and the chairman of the Engineering Mechanics Unit at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR, 2000–2014). He was the DST Year-of-Science Chair Professor at JNCASR and concurrently held the Pratt & Whitney Chair in Science and Engineering at the University of Hyderabad. Narasimha was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, in 2013. for his contributions to advance India's aerospace technology.
Early life
Narasimha was born on 20 July 1933. He was born in a Kannada family tracing its origins to Roddam, a village in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. His father, R.L. Narasimhaiah, was a professor of physics in Bangalore's Central College, and was also a Kannada language science writer with a focus on physics and astronomy.
Narasimha completed his schooling at Acharya Pathasala in the Gandhi Bazaar neighbourhood of Bangalore. He obtained his graduate degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering in Bangalore, which was affiliated with Mysore University. During this time he visited the Tata Institute (now known as the Indian Institute of Science), where the Spitfire aircraft displayed in the aeronautical department caught hi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroresonance%20in%20electricity%20networks
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Ferroresonance or nonlinear resonance is a type of resonance in electric circuits which occurs when a circuit containing a nonlinear inductance is fed from a source that has series capacitance, and the circuit is subjected to a disturbance such as opening of a switch. It can cause overvoltages and overcurrents in an electrical power system and can pose a risk to transmission and distribution equipment and to operational personnel.
Ferroresonance is different from linear resonance that occurs when inductive and capacitive reactances of a circuit are equal. In linear resonance the current and voltage are linearly related in a manner that is frequency dependent. In the case of ferroresonance it is characterised by a sudden jump of voltage or current from one stable operating state to another one. The relationship between voltage and current is dependent not only on frequency but also on other factors, such as the system voltage magnitude, initial magnetic flux condition of transformer iron core, the total loss in the ferroresonant circuit, and the point on wave of initial switching.
Ferroresonant effects were first described in a 1907 paper by Joseph Bethenod. The term ferroresonance was apparently coined by French engineer Paul Boucherot in a 1920 paper, in which he analysed the phenomenon of two stable fundamental frequency operating points coexisting in a series circuit containing a resistor, nonlinear inductor and a capacitor.
Conditions
Ferroresonance can occur when an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FELICS
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FELICS, which stands for Fast Efficient & Lossless Image Compression System, is a lossless image compression algorithm
that performs 5-times faster than the original lossless JPEG codec and achieves a similar compression ratio.
History
It was invented by Paul G. Howard and Jeffrey S. Vitter of the Department of Computer Science at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, and was first presented at the 1993 IEEE Data Compression Conference in Snowbird, Utah. It was successfully implemented in hardware and deployed as part of HiRISE on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
Principle
Like other lossless codecs for continuous-tone images, FELICS operates by decorrelating the image and encoding it with an entropy coder. The decorrelation is the context where
and where are the pixel's two nearest neighbors (causal, already coded and known at the decoder) used for providing the context to code the
present pixel .
Except at the top and left edges, these are the pixel above and the pixel to the left.
For example, the neighbors of pixel X in the diagram are A and B, but if X were at the left side, its neighbors would be B and D.
P lies within the closed interval [L, H] roughly half the time.
Otherwise, it is above H or below L. These can be encoded as 1, 01, and 00 respectively (p. 4).
The following figure shows the (idealized) histogram
of the pixels and their intensity values along the x-axis, and frequency of occurrence along the y-axis.
The distribution of P within t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes%20of%20Transportation%20Vol.%201
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Modes of Transportation Vol. 1 is the debut album by Spookey Ruben, released in 1995.
Track listing
"Terra Magnifica" – 1:04
"These Days Are Old" – 3:44
"Crystal Cradle" – 3:51
"Running Away" – 3:19
"Welcome to the House of Food" – 4:59
"Wendy Mcdonald" – 4:03
"The Size of You" – 2:36
"It's Not What You Do It's You" – 4:46
"Mars" – 0:34
"Leave the City" – 4:37
"Growing Up is Over?" - 2:39
"Donate your Heart to a Stranger" - 6:30
"Life Insurance" - 5:01
I)snowman
II)deepsea-diver
III)stolen car
Critical reception
In music site Allmusic, reviewer Stanton Swihart states, "As inventive as it is, the album perhaps draws a bit too freely from the XTC melodic bag of tricks, and occasionally Ruben's most experimental quirks sabotage his songs. But on the whole, Modes of Transportation, Vol. 1 is a confectionary treat."
Popular cultural impact
The song These Days Are Old is used as theme song of German TV talk show Zimmer frei! (roughly: "room to let").
Production
Art director: Spookey Ruben
All songs written, arranged and produced by: Spookey Ruben
Engineers: Spookey Ruben, Gadi Foltys, Mark Plati, Brad 'Merlin' Nelson
Mastering: Howie Weinberg
Design: Helios
Photography: Taralea Cutler, Michael Benabib Musician Photography , Luciana Haill, Felix Wittholtz, Spookey Ruben
References
Spookey Ruben albums
1995 debut albums
TVT Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronado%20Historic%20District
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The Coronado Historic District is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on February 21, 1997) located in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. The district is bounded by Columbus, Due East, and Pine Avenues, and the Indian River. It contains 83 historic buildings.
Gallery
References
External links
Volusia County listings at National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places in Volusia County, Florida
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Smyrna%20Beach%20Historic%20District
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The New Smyrna Beach Historic District is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on April 26, 1990) located in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. The district is bounded by Riverside Drive, U.S. 1, Ronnoc Lane, and Smith Street. It contains 312 historic buildings.
References
Further reading
Grange, Roger. "Saving Eighteenth-Century New Smyrnea: Public Archaeology in Action." Present Pasts vol 3 #1 (2011). online
External links
Volusia County listings at National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places in Volusia County, Florida
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HashKeeper
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HashKeeper is a database application of value primarily to those conducting forensic examinations of computers on a somewhat regular basis.
Overview
HashKeeper uses the MD5 file signature algorithm to establish unique numeric identifiers (hash values) for files "known to be good" and "known to be bad."
The HashKeeper application was developed to reduce the amount of time required to examine files on digital media. Once an examiner defines a file as known to be good, the examiner need not repeat that analysis.
HashKeeper compares hash values of known to be good files against the hash values of files on a computer system. Where those values match "known to be good" files, the examiner can say, with substantial certainty, that the corresponding files on the computer system have been previously identified as known to be good and therefore do not need to be examined.
Where those values match known to be bad files, the examiner can say with substantial certainty that the corresponding files on the system being examined that the files are bad and therefore require further scrutiny. A hash match on known to be bad files does not relieve the examiner of the responsibility of verifying that the file or files are, in fact, of a criminal nature.
History
Created by the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)—a component of the United States Department of Justice—in 1996, it was the first large scale source for hash values of "known to be good" and "known to be bad" files. HashKeep
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubblegram
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A bubblegram (also known as laser crystal, 3D crystal engraving or vitrography) is a solid block of glass or transparent plastic that has been exposed to laser beams to generate three-dimensional designs inside. The image is composed of many small points of fracture or other visible deformations and appears to float inside the block.
Description
Each point is created by a laser beam focused to high intensity at that location by a computer-controlled opto-mechanical system. A complex or highly detailed image occupying a 5 cm (2 inch) cubic volume typically requires the creation of tens of thousands of such points.
Bubblegram images may be created by intersecting laser beams in appropriately doped plastic to induce a chemical reaction via heat or photonic excitation, creating bubbles or nodes where the plastic has a different index of refraction.
Glass block bubblegrams of Russian origin entered international commerce as a novelty in the late 1990s, but high prices and the predominantly simple, inartistic subject matter severely limited market penetration. In the early 2000s, a much less expensive, more visually appealing and highly diverse array of Chinese-made bubblegram novelties achieved wide commercial success in the United States, to the extent of becoming a fad: representations of monuments, corporate symbols, religious imagery, mythical creatures and nature scenes appeared in gift shops.
There also exist companies which will take custom photographs of people, conver
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabaconas%20Namballe%20National%20Sanctuary
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Tabaconas-Namballe National Sanctuary (Santuario Nacional Tabaconas-Namballe) is a national sanctuary in Peru established in 1988, and protects the southernmost part of the páramo ecosystem. It is located in San Ignacio Province, Cajamarca and spans an area of .
History
In the 1940s, national and foreign investors began studies for the use of forests in the provinces of Jaén and San Ignacio. This prompted the Peruvian government to reserve an area that would serve as a nature sanctuary, by creating the Oso Perdido National Forest.
In 1977, a lumber company, El Chaupe, was granted two exploitation contracts by the government in the forests located in the districts of Chirinos, Tabaconas and Namballe, all in the province of San Ignacio. One of the contracts was terminated by the Ministry of Agriculture, declaring an extension of 49 260 hectares as an area for research purposes.
In 1982, the Department of Forest Management of La Molina National University (UNALM) proposed the establishment of the Namballe National Sanctuary. However, it was only in 1987 that some government institutions along with La Molina University carried out the studies for the establishment of a spectacled bear sanctuary in the area.
Tabaconas Namballe National Sanctuary was established on May 20, 1988, by Supreme Decree No. 051-88AG with an area of 29,500 ha.
Geography
Tabaconas Namballe National Sanctuary is located in the Cordillera de Tabaconas, which is part of the Eastern Andes. The area is mo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%20in%20the%20Eurovision%20Song%20Contest%202005
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Poland participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Czarna dziewczyna" written by Łukasz Lazer, Michał Szymański and Ivan Komarenko. The song was performed by Ivan and Delfin. In December 2004, the Polish broadcaster Telewizja Polska (TVP) announced that the Polish entry for the 2005 contest in Kyiv, Ukraine would be selected through an internal selection. "Czarna dziewczyna" performed by Ivan and Delfin was announced as the Polish entry on 29 January 2005 during the TVP1 programme Stratosfera.
Poland competed in the semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 25 May 2010. Performing as the closing entry during the show in position 25, "Czarna dziewczyna" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Poland placed eleventh out of the 25 participating countries in the semi-final with 81 points.
Background
Prior to the 2005 Contest, Poland had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest nine times since its first entry in . Poland's highest placement in the contest, to this point, has been second place, which the nation achieved with its debut entry in 1994 with the song "To nie ja!" performed by Edyta Górniak. Poland has only, thus far, reached the top ten on one other occasion, when Ich Troje performing the song "Keine Grenzen – Żadnych granic" finished seventh in 2003. Poland's 2004 entry, "Love Song" performed by Blue Café, placed s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAM%20%28protein%29
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ADAMs (short for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a family of single-pass transmembrane and secreted metalloendopeptidases. All ADAMs are characterized by a particular domain organization featuring a pro-domain, a metalloprotease, a disintegrin, a cysteine-rich, an epidermal-growth factor like and a transmembrane domain, as well as a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Nonetheless, not all human ADAMs have a functional protease domain, which indicates that their biological function mainly depends on protein–protein interactions. Those ADAMs which are active proteases are classified as sheddases because they cut off or shed extracellular portions of transmembrane proteins. For example, ADAM10 can cut off part of the HER2 receptor, thereby activating it. ADAM genes are found in animals, choanoflagellates, fungi and some groups of green algae. Most green algae and all land plants likely lost ADAM proteins.
ADAMs are categorized under the enzyme group, and in the MEROPS peptidase family M12B. The terms adamalysin and MDC family (metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, cysteine rich) have been used to refer to this family historically.
ADAM family members
Medicine
Therapeutic ADAM inhibitors might potentiate anti-cancer therapy.
See also
ADAMTS (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family
Ectodomain shedding
References
External links
http://www.healthvalue.net/sheddase.html
Protein families
Single-pass transmembrane proteins
Proteases
EC
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity%20Fluids
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Infinity Fluids, founded in 1998, is a Massachusetts corporation which develops process and thermal systems for the fuel cell, pharmaceutical, industrial, and biotechnology industries.
It was founded in Norwich, CT and is a manufacturing and research organization specializing in the fields of Fluid Heating, Steam Reforming and Instant Steam Generation.
Products
Some of the work performed by Infinity includes:
DI and gaseous thermal systems for the NASA space program.
Instant steam generators for the pharmaceutical industry, particularly sterilization.
Increasing efficiency of steam reform systems for fuel cells.
Marked reduction in size and mass of OEM equipment manufacturing.
Patents
Infinity Fluids holds the patent to:
Compact Resistive Element System (CRES)
Electric co-axial heater
In Line Instant Steam Generator
Central Axis flow through thermal fluid system
External links
Infinity Fluids Corporate Website
Companies based in Massachusetts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloexopeptidase
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A metalloexopeptidase is a type of enzyme that acts as a metalloproteinase exopeptidase.
These enzymes have a catalytic mechanism involving a metal, often zinc. They function in molecular biology as agents that cut the terminal (or penultimate) peptide bonds ending peptide chains. Analogous to slicing the end off a loaf of bread, the process releases a single amino acid (or dipeptide) for use.
Metallocarboxypeptidase
The terms "metallo carboxypeptidase", "metallo-carboxypeptidase" and "metallocarboxypeptidase" are used to describe a metalloexopeptidase carboxypeptidase. These peptidases specifically target the C-terminus, the unbound carboxyl group (-COOH) at one distinct end of the amino acid chain (cutting one side from a loaf of bread rather than the end).
Enzyme Commission number
Using the Enzyme Commission number (EC number) system, metallocarboxypeptidases fall under EC 3.4.17. Examples of these compounds in the human genome include AGBL1 and AGBL2, known also as ATP/GTP Binding Protein-Like 1 and 2, respectively. The former resides in Chromosome 15 and is made up of 951,392 base pairs (bases) while the latter resides in Chromosome 11 and is made up of 56,221 bases.
See also
Enzyme catalysis
Hydrolase
References
External links
EC 3.4.17
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%3A%20The%20Snowboarder%27s%20Journal
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The Snowboarder's Journal is published quarterly by Funny Feelings (LLC). Originally frequency: The Snowboarder's Journal, the publication rebranded in 2016, simplifying the name to The Snowboarder's Journal. Four coffee-table journals with high production quality and limited advertising are produced yearly in limited editions featuring the personalities and places that make up snowboard culture worldwide. Founded 2001 in Seattle, WA and relocated to Mount Baker (Bellingham, WA) in 2002, The Snowboarder's Journal has been headed from the start by longtime snowboard editor Jeff Galbraith. Features editorial from around the world and interviews and travel pieces with young Olympians and backwoods icons.
Awards
Winner of the 2006 Maggie Award for Best Quarterly
External links
Frequency The Snowboard Journal
2001 establishments in Washington (state)
English-language magazines
Magazines established in 2001
Magazines published in Seattle
Magazines published in Washington (state)
Mass media in Bellingham, Washington
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Snowboarding magazines
Sports magazines published in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceprometazine
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Aceprometazine (INN) is a phenothiazine derivative prescription drug with neuroleptic and anti-histamine properties It is not widely prescribed, and may be associated with drug-induced Parkinsonism. It may be used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders. This combination is available in France under the trade name Mepronizine.
It is structurally related to the phenothiazine derivative veterinary drug acepromazine.
Synthesis
The reason for the rearrangement in the sidechain between the precursor and the product is on account of a methadone-type aziridine.
2-Acetylphenothiazine [6631-94-3] (1)
2-Chloropropyldimethylamine [108-14-5] (2)
References
D2 antagonists
Phenothiazines
H1 receptor antagonists
Aromatic ketones
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Academic%20Coding%20System
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The Joint Academic Coding System (JACS) system was used by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) and the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) in the United Kingdom to classify academic subjects. It was replaced by the Higher Education Classification of Subjects (HECoS) and the Common Aggregation Hierarchy (CAH) for the 2019/20 academic year.
A JACS code for a single subject consists of a letter and three numbers. The letter represents the broad subject classification, e.g. F for physical sciences. The first number represents the principal subject area, e.g. F3 for physics, and subsequent numbers represent further details, similar to the Dewey Decimal System. The principal subject of physics, for example, is broken into 19 detailed subjects, represented by a letter plus three numbers: e.g., F300 represents physics, F330 environmental physics, and F331 atmospheric physics.
History
HESA and UCAS used to operate two different (though similar) subject coding systems - HESAcode and Standard Classification of Academic Subjects (SCAS) respectively. In 1996 a joint project was launched to bring these two systems together to create a unified structure. A project team was established with two people from each of the two organizations. The project team became known as JACS since this was an acronym of their names (Jonathan Waller and Andy Youell from HESA, Clive Sillence and Sara Goodwins from UCAS).
The first operational version (v1.7) of the Joint Academic Co
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD11
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In cell biology, CD11 is the α (alpha) component of various integrins, especially ones in which the β (beta) component is CD18 (β2) and mediate leukocyte adhesion. For example,
LFA1 (CD11a/CD18) short representation of Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen 1, also called αLβ2 integrin
Mac1 (CD11b/CD18) present on macrophages that is also called Macrophage-1 antigen (CR3) and αMβ2 integrin.
CD11c/CD18 also called complement receptor 4 (CR4) and αXβ2 integrin.
References
Clusters of differentiation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Sanborn
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Kate Sanborn (July 11, 1839 - July 9, 1917) was an American author, teacher and lecturer. Also a reviewer, compiler, essayist, and farmer, Sanborn was famous for her cooking and housekeeping.
Early years and education
Katherine Abbott Sanborn was born in Hanover, New Hampshire, July 11, 1839. Her father was the educator Edwin David Sanborn, who occupied the chair of Latin and English literature, at Dartmouth College, for nearly fifty years, In 1859, he accepted the Latin professorship and presidency of Washington University in St. Louis, returning four years later to the chair of oratory and literature at Dartmouth, which he held until he retired from active work. Her mother was Mary Ann (Webster) Sanborn, daughter of Ezekiel Webster, of Boscawen, New Hampshire. Sanborn was a descendant of Captain Ebenezer Webster, the Revolutionary hero, and grand-niece of Daniel Webster.
Sanborn was educated at home by her father almost entirely, though tutors in mathematics were employed for her. Her drill in Latin commenced at eight years with studying a Latin booklet, and continued till she left home to support herself. It comprised more than a college course. This year after year of translating, scanning, word selection and phrasing, was a wonderful training in language. She was obliged to commit to memory some portion of prose or poetry daily, and also to describe something in writing. Then followed apt quotations at the tea table, later a good anecdote. These teachings and tasks of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspinous%20fascia
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The infraspinatous fascia is a dense fibrous membrane, covering the Infraspinatous muscle and fixed to the circumference of the infraspinatous fossa; it affords attachment, by its deep surface, to some fibers of that muscle. It is intimately attached to the deltoid fascia along the over-lapping border of the Deltoideus.
References
Fascia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Tittensor
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Luke James Tittensor (born 3 November 1989) is an English actor best known for his role as Carl Gallagher in Shameless (a role he shared with his twin brother, Elliott Tittensor) and his role as Daz Eden in Emmerdale.
Career
Tittensor and his twin brother, Elliott, appeared in the soap Brookside. In the first series of Channel 4 series Shameless, the Tittensor twins shared the role of Carl Gallagher. Elliott continued playing the role of Carl after Luke left the show.
Tittensor took the role of Daz Eden in Emmerdale, first appearing in 2003. He continued to act in Emmerdale until April 2009, when his contract was terminated due to a criminal conviction. In 2010, Tittensor played gay pupil Connor in Waterloo Road. He appeared in an episode of Casualty in January 2011 and played the part of Nathan in episode one of the BBC drama series The Body Farm in September 2011.
In 2012, Tittensor played the character of Liam in Holby City. Tittensor appeared in Our World War as Paddy Kennedy in 2014. Also in 2014, he played Hippolyte in the film Madame Bovary. Tittensor starred in an episode of Moving On in March 2014.
Tittensor currently stars as Ser Arryk Cargyll in HBO's House of the Dragon alongside his twin brother who plays the role of Ser Erryk Cargyll.
Personal life
Luke Tittensor is the identical twin brother of Elliott Tittensor.
On 23 March 2009, Tittensor pleaded guilty to a charge of grievous bodily harm against an unnamed 16-year-old in Rochdale on 15 February 2008 th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womersley%20number
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The Womersley number ( or ) is a dimensionless number in biofluid mechanics and biofluid dynamics. It is a dimensionless expression of the pulsatile flow frequency in relation to viscous effects. It is named after John R. Womersley (1907–1958) for his work with blood flow in arteries. The Womersley number is important in keeping dynamic similarity when scaling an experiment. An example of this is scaling up the vascular system for experimental study. The Womersley number is also important in determining the thickness of the boundary layer to see if entrance effects can be ignored.
The square root of this number is also referred to as Stokes number, , due to the pioneering work done by Sir George Stokes on the Stokes second problem.
Derivation
The Womersley number, usually denoted , is defined by the relation
where is an appropriate length scale (for example the radius of a pipe), is the angular frequency of the oscillations, and , , are the kinematic viscosity, density, and dynamic viscosity of the fluid, respectively. The Womersley number is normally written in the powerless form
In the cardiovascular system, the pulsation frequency, density, and dynamic viscosity are constant, however the Characteristic length, which in the case of blood flow is the vessel diameter, changes by three orders of magnitudes (OoM) between the aorta and fine capillaries. The Womersley number thus changes due to the variations in vessel size across the vasculature system. The Womersley nu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxin%201
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Ataxin-1 is a DNA-binding protein which in humans is encoded by the ATXN1 gene.
Mutations in ataxin-1 cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of cerebellar neurons, particularly Purkinje neurons.
Genetics
ATXN1 is conserved across multiple species, including humans, mice, and Drosophila.
In humans, ATXN1 is located on the short arm of chromosome 6. The gene contains 9 exons, two of which are protein-coding. There is a CAG repeat in the coding sequence which is longer in humans than other species (6-38 uninterrupted CAG repeats in healthy humans versus 2 in the mouse gene). This repeat is prone to errors in DNA replication and can vary widely in length between individuals.
Structure
Notable features of the Ataxin-1 protein structure include:
A polyglutamine tract of variable length, encoded by the CAG repeat in ATXN1.
A region which mediates protein-protein interactions, known as the AXH domain
A nuclear localization sequence
A phosphorylation site which regulates the protein's stability and interactions with its binding partners
Function
The function of Ataxin-1 is not completely understood. It appears to be involved in regulating gene expression based on its location in the nucleus of the cell, its association with promoter regions of several genes, and its interactions with transcriptional regulators and parts of the RNA splicing machinery.
Interactions
Ataxin 1 has been shown to interact
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schouten%20tensor
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In Riemannian geometry the Schouten tensor is a second-order tensor introduced by Jan Arnoldus Schouten defined for by:
where Ric is the Ricci tensor (defined by contracting the first and third indices of the Riemann tensor), R is the scalar curvature, g is the Riemannian metric, is the trace of P and n is the dimension of the manifold.
The Weyl tensor equals the Riemann curvature tensor minus the Kulkarni–Nomizu product of the Schouten tensor with the metric. In an index notation
The Schouten tensor often appears in conformal geometry because of its relatively simple conformal transformation law
where
Further reading
Arthur L. Besse, Einstein Manifolds. Springer-Verlag, 2007. See Ch.1 §J "Conformal Changes of Riemannian Metrics."
Spyros Alexakis, The Decomposition of Global Conformal Invariants. Princeton University Press, 2012. Ch.2, noting in a footnote that the Schouten tensor is a "trace-adjusted Ricci tensor" and may be considered as "essentially the Ricci tensor."
Wolfgang Kuhnel and Hans-Bert Rademacher, "Conformal diffeomorphisms preserving the Ricci tensor", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 123 (1995), no. 9, 2841–2848. Online eprint (pdf).
T. Bailey, M.G. Eastwood and A.R. Gover, "Thomas's Structure Bundle for Conformal, Projective and Related Structures", Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics, vol. 24, Number 4, 1191-1217.
See also
Weyl–Schouten theorem
Cotton tensor
Curvature tensors
Riemannian geometry
Tensors in general relativity
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxin%207
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Ataxin 7 (ATXN7) is a protein of the SCA7 gene, which contains 892 amino acids with an expandable poly(Q) region close to the N-terminus. The expandable poly(Q) motif region in the protein contributes crucially to spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) pathogenesis by the induction of intranuclear inclusion bodies. ATXN7 is associated with both olivopontocerebellar atrophy type 3 (OPCA3) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7).
CAG repeat leads to pathological protein misfolding. In ataxin-7 gene has shown to cause cerebellar and brainstem degeneration as well as retinal conerod dystrophy. Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion at the N-terminus of ataxin-7 causes protein aggregation, leading to the symptoms of ataxia with visual loss.
Research suggest that silencing of ataxin-7 in the retina by RNAi can be a possible therapeutic strategy for patients with SCA7 retinal degeneration.
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7
Proteins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxin
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Ataxin is a type of nuclear protein. The class is called ataxin because mutated forms of these proteins and their corresponding genes were found to cause progressive ataxia.
Some examples, their coding genes and associated diseases include:
Ataxin 1, coded by ATXN1. Mutants of ataxin 1 with a polyglutamine expansion cause SCA1.
Ataxin 2, coded by ATXN2. It is known to cause SCA2 with polyglutamine expansion.
Ataxin 3, coded by ATXN3. Machado-Joseph disease is caused by polyglutamine expansions in ataxin 3.
Ataxin 7, coded by ATXN7. Polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin 7 cause SCA7.
Ataxin 8, coded by ATXN8. Ataxin 8 does not cause an ataxic order, but a gene on the opposite strand, ATXN8OS, causes Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 with CTG expansion.
Ataxin 10, coded by ATXN10. It is associated with the pentanucleotide disorder, SCA10.
Frataxin, follows a similar naming convention and is coded by the FXN gene. GAA repeat expansions in a non-coding region of FXN cause Friedreich's ataxia when both copies of the gene are affected.
References
Protein families
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%E2%80%93Schouten%20theorem
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In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the existence of isothermal coordinates for a (pseudo-)Riemannian metric is often of interest. In the case of a metric on a two-dimensional space, the existence of isothermal coordinates is unconditional. For higher-dimensional spaces, the Weyl–Schouten theorem (named after Hermann Weyl and Jan Arnoldus Schouten) characterizes the existence of isothermal coordinates by certain equations to be satisfied by the Riemann curvature tensor of the metric.
Existence of isothermal coordinates is also called conformal flatness, although some authors refer to it instead as local conformal flatness; for those authors, conformal flatness refers to a more restrictive condition.
Theorem
In terms of the Riemann curvature tensor, the Ricci tensor, and the scalar curvature, the Weyl tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian metric of dimension is given by
The Schouten tensor is defined via the Ricci and scalar curvatures by
As can be calculated by the Bianchi identities, these satisfy the relation that
The Weyl–Schouten theorem says that for any pseudo-Riemannian manifold of dimension :
If then the manifold is conformally flat if and only if its Weyl tensor is zero.
If then the manifold is conformally flat if and only if its Schouten tensor is a Codazzi tensor.
As known prior to the work of Weyl and Schouten, in the case , every manifold is conformally flat. In all cases, the theorem and its proof are entirely local, so the topology of the man
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kengis
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Kengis (; ) is a small rural community in Pajala Municipality in northernmost Sweden, located very near the Finnish border.
History
In 1644, two Swedish noblemen, later called Renstierna ("Reindeer star"), set up a forge in the Swedish village Pajala (Finnish for "forge village") north of the Arctic Circle. As Sweden at that time was very eager to mint all the copper found in the country, they also got a concession for minting. Renstiernas minted both plate money and minor local coins in values of 5, 10, 15 and 20 öre.
References
Norrbotten
Numismatics
Populated places in Pajala Municipality
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunes%2C%20Norway
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Tunes is a suburban village in the borough of Arna in the municipality of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is a part of the urban area of Arna, which has a population of 9,744.
References
Villages in Vestland
Neighbourhoods of Bergen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malonyl-CoA%20decarboxylase
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Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (), (which can also be called MCD and malonyl-CoA carboxyl-lyase) is found in bacteria and humans and has important roles in regulating fatty acid metabolism and food intake, and it is an attractive target for drug discovery. It is an enzyme associated with Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. In humans, it is encoded by the MLYCD gene.
Its main function is to catalyze the conversion of malonyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. It is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. To some degree, it reverses the action of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
Structure
MCD presents two isoforms which can be transcribed form one gene: a long isoform (54kDa), distributed in mitochondria, and a short isoform (49kDa) that can be found in peroxisomes and cytosol. The long isoform includes a sequence of signaling towards mitochondria in the N-terminus; whereas the short one only contains the typical sequence of peroxisomal signaling PTS1 in the C-terminus, also shared by the long isoform.
MCD is a protein tetramer, an oligomer formed by a dimer of heterodimers related by an axis of binary symmetry with a rotation angle of about 180 degrees. The strong structural asymmetry between the monomers of the heterodimer suggests a half of the sites reactivity, in which only half of the active sites are functional simultaneously.
Each monomer contains basically two domains:
The N-terminus one, which is involved in oligomerization and has a helical structure of eight helixes or
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Underground%20H%20Stock
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The H Stock classification has been used twice for London Underground stock.
The first time was the designation given to examples of B stock that were rebuilt in the 1920s. These were withdrawn from service between 1934 and 1946.
The second time that stock was classified H Stock (H standing for Handworked doors) was in the late 1940s. The surviving examples of C stock, D stock, and E stock were reclassified and the last of these cars remained in use until 1958.
Also included were the cars of G stock, K stock, L stock, M stock, and N stock. These cars were classified as H stock until they were rebuilt into Q stock.
References
Metropolitan District Railway
H
Train-related introductions in 1920
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20mathematical%20notation
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The history of mathematical notation includes the commencement, progress, and cultural diffusion of mathematical symbols and the conflict of the methods of notation confronted in a notation's move to popularity or inconspicuousness. Mathematical notation comprises the symbols used to write mathematical equations and formulas. Notation generally implies a set of well-defined representations of quantities and symbols operators. The history includes Hindu–Arabic numerals, letters from the Roman, Greek, Hebrew, and German alphabets, and a host of symbols invented by mathematicians over the past several centuries.
The development of mathematical notation can be divided in stages:
The "rhetorical" stage is where calculations are performed by words and no symbols are used.
The "syncopated" stage is where frequently used operations and quantities are represented by symbolic syntactical abbreviations. From ancient times through the post-classical age, bursts of mathematical creativity were often followed by centuries of stagnation. As the early modern age opened and the worldwide spread of knowledge began, written examples of mathematical developments came to light.
The "symbolic" stage is where comprehensive systems of notation supersede rhetoric. Beginning in Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries were made at an increasing pace that continues through the present day. This symbolic system was in use by medieval Ind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeffe%27s%20method
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In mathematics, Graeffe's method or Dandelin–Lobachesky–Graeffe method is an algorithm for finding all of the roots of a polynomial. It was developed independently by Germinal Pierre Dandelin in 1826 and Lobachevsky in 1834. In 1837 Karl Heinrich Gräffe also discovered the principal idea of the method. The method separates the roots of a polynomial by squaring them repeatedly. This squaring of the roots is done implicitly, that is, only working on the coefficients of the polynomial. Finally, Viète's formulas are used in order to approximate the roots.
Dandelin–Graeffe iteration
Let be a polynomial of degree
Then
Let be the polynomial which has the squares as its roots,
Then we can write:
can now be computed by algebraic operations on the coefficients of the polynomial alone. Let:
then the coefficients are related by
Graeffe observed that if one separates into its odd and even parts:
then one obtains a simplified algebraic expression for :
This expression involves the squaring of two polynomials of only half the degree, and is therefore used in most implementations of the method.
Iterating this procedure several times separates the roots with respect to their magnitudes. Repeating k times gives a polynomial of degree :
with roots
If the magnitudes of the roots of the original polynomial were separated by some factor , that is, , then the roots of the k-th iterate are separated by a fast growing factor
.
Classical Graeffe's method
Next the Vieta r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular%20dendritic%20cells
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Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are cells of the immune system found in primary and secondary lymph follicles (lymph nodes) of the B cell areas of the lymphoid tissue. Unlike dendritic cells (DC), FDCs are not derived from the bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cell, but are of mesenchymal origin.
Possible functions of FDC include: organizing lymphoid tissue's cells and microarchitecture, capturing antigen to support B cell, promoting debris removal from germinal centers, and protecting against autoimmunity.
Disease processes that FDC may contribute include primary FDC-tumor, chronic inflammatory conditions, HIV-1 infection development, and neuroinvasive scrapie.
Location and molecular markers
Follicular DCs are a non-migratory population found in primary and secondary follicles of the B cell areas of lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). They form a stable network due to intercellular connections between FDCs processes and intimate interaction with follicular B cells. Follicular DCs network typically forms the center of the follicle and does not extend from the follicle to the interfollicular regions or T-cell zone. Supposedly, this separation from the sites of earliest antigen processing and capture provide a protected environment in which opsonized antigens can be displayed for a long time without being proteolyzed or removed by phagocytic cells. Follicular DCs have high expression of complement receptors CR1 and CR2 (CD 35 and CD 21 respective
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulbutiamine
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Sulbutiamine (brand names Arcalion, Enerion) is a synthetic derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1). In France, it is used to treat symptoms of weakness or fatigue. It is also sold as a dietary supplement. Sulbutiamine was discovered in Japan as part of an effort to develop useful thiamine derivatives.
Medical use
Sulbutiamine is used to treat asthenia (symptoms of fatigue or weakness), though is not clear if it is effective in alleviating tiredness. It is also used to treat thiamine deficiency and poor concentration. Being a potent cholinergic anxiolytic , Sulbutiamine is a popular nootropic, with users reporting enhanced memory, focus and improved mood and motivation. Endurance athletes may use it to try to enhance their performance.
Adverse effects
Adverse effects found in clinical trials are usually limited to headache and gastrointestinal discomfort when high doses are used. While daily use can result in tolerance and paradoxical drowsiness, increasing the dose is strongly discouraged and side effects can include diarrhea, bladder infections, bronchitis, back pain, abdominal pain, insomnia, constipation, gastroenteritis, headache, vertigo, and sore throat.
History
Efforts to develop thiamine derivatives with better bioavailability than thiamine were conducted in the 1950s, mainly in Japan. These efforts led to the discovery of allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) in garlic, which became a model for medicinal chemistry efforts to create other thiamine disulfides. The resul
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor%20%28band%29
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Castor was an American indie rock/emo band from Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. Formed in 1994, they were known for their "fluid" sound, often changing time signatures several times in a song while maintaining the flow of the music. They released two albums, the first self titled in 1995, the second Tracking Sounds Alone in 1998. Both albums are now out of print and only available in digital format online.
Singer and guitarist Jeff Garber and bassist Derek Niedringhaus were in a small local band together called Flower in the southern Illinois/St. Louis area. They released one E.P. and one full length recording under the band name Flower before disbanding. The two continued working together and recorded an album under the band name "Big Bright Lights" in 1997 which was not released until 2001.
During their existence they toured with other influential Champaign-Urbana acts Braid and Hum amongst others.
Garber went on to play in the bands National Skyline and Year of the Rabbit. Niedringhaus also joined National Skyline, later forming Centaur with Hum singer/guitarist Matt Talbott, the producer of their only single.
On February 24, 2018, Castor reunited for the first time in 20 years, opening for Hum at Delmar Hall in St. Louis, MO.
Former line-up
Ben Eversmann
Jeff Garber
Derek Niedringhaus
Jason Vance
Discography
Studio albums
Castor (1995)
Tracking Sounds Alone (1998)
Singles
"Carnival/Miss Atlantic" (1997)
Compilations
"Repousse" and "Silent Type" on the Cover The E
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin%20Tamil
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Brahmin Tamil is the name of a dialect of Tamil traditionally spoken by Tamil Brahmins. The dialect, largely, uses Classical Tamil along with a heavy proportion of Sanskrit derivatives. According to the linguist Sabari Ganesh, Brahmin Tamil dialect is closest to the Central Tamil dialect, particularly, the variant spoken by the once dominant and highly educated community colloquial spoken Tamil of Vellalars and Mudaliyars.
History
During the early 1900s, Brahmin Tamil was used as the lingua-franca for inter-caste communication. The principal characters in the Tamil films of the period (1930s and 1940s) also spoke the Brahmin dialect. However, with the rise of the Pure Tamil Movement and the entry of Dravidian ideologues into Tamil cinema in the 1950s, Brahmin Tamil was gradually displaced from public spheres. Today, Brahmin Tamil is used in films and television soaps centred on the Brahmin society. Brahmin Tamil, has however, continued to flourish among the Brahmin community including the expatriates. Often non-Brahmins use this dialect in soaps and films for comic effect while engaging with Brahmins conversationally. And Brahmins effortlessly code switch by speaking the standard Tamil while engaging with non-Brahmins and revert to Brahmin Tamil when conversing among themselves.
The first systematic study of Brahmin Tamil was undertaken by Jules Bloch in 1910. However, the most detailed study was conducted by A K Ramanujan and William Bright in the 1960s. More recent rese
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticipatory%20scheduling
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Anticipatory scheduling is an algorithm for scheduling hard disk input/output (I/O scheduling). It seeks to increase the efficiency of disk utilization by "anticipating" future synchronous read operations.
I/O scheduling
"Deceptive idleness" is a situation where a process appears to be finished reading from the disk when it is actually processing data in preparation of the next read operation. This will cause a normal work-conserving I/O scheduler to switch to servicing I/O from an unrelated process. This situation is detrimental to the throughput of synchronous reads, as it degenerates into a seeking workload.
Anticipatory scheduling overcomes deceptive idleness by pausing for a short time (a few milliseconds) after a read operation in anticipation of another close-by read requests.
Anticipatory scheduling yields significant improvements in disk utilization for some workloads. In some situations the Apache web server may achieve up to 71% more throughput from using anticipatory scheduling.
The Linux anticipatory scheduler may reduce performance on disks using Tagged Command Queuing (TCQ), high performance disks, and hardware RAID arrays. An anticipatory scheduler (AS) was the default Linux kernel scheduler between 2.6.0 and 2.6.18, by which time it was replaced by the CFQ scheduler.
As of kernel version 2.6.33, the Anticipatory scheduler has been removed from the Linux kernel. The reason being that while useful, the scheduler's effects could be achieved through tune
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast%20wave
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In fluid dynamics, a blast wave is the increased pressure and flow resulting from the deposition of a large amount of energy in a small, very localised volume. The flow field can be approximated as a lead shock wave, followed by a self-similar subsonic flow field. In simpler terms, a blast wave is an area of pressure expanding supersonically outward from an explosive core. It has a leading shock front of compressed gases. The blast wave is followed by a blast wind of negative gauge pressure, which sucks items back in towards the center. The blast wave is harmful especially when one is very close to the center or at a location of constructive interference. High explosives that detonate generate blast waves.
Sources
High-order explosives (HE) are more powerful than low-order explosives (LE). HE detonate to produce a defining supersonic over-pressurization shock wave. Several sources of HE include trinitrotoluene, C-4, Semtex, nitroglycerin, and ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO). LE deflagrate to create a subsonic explosion and lack HE's over-pressurization wave. Sources of LE include pipe bombs, gunpowder, and most pure petroleum-based incendiary bombs such as Molotov cocktails or aircraft improvised as guided missiles. HE and LE induce different injury patterns. Only HE produce true blast waves.
History
The classic flow solution—the so-called Taylor–von Neumann–Sedov blast wave solution—was independently devised by John von Neumann and British mathematician Geoffrey Ingram Ta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFFITS
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In statistics, DFFIT and DFFITS ("difference in fit(s)") are diagnostics meant to show how influential a point is in a linear regression, first proposed in 1980.
DFFIT is the change in the predicted value for a point, obtained when that point is left out of the regression:
where and are the prediction for point i with and without point i included in the regression.
DFFITS is the Studentized DFFIT, where Studentization is achieved by dividing by the estimated standard deviation of the fit at that point:
where is the standard error estimated without the point in question, and is the leverage for the point.
DFFITS also equals the products of the externally Studentized residual () and the leverage factor ():
Thus, for low leverage points, DFFITS is expected to be small, whereas as the leverage goes to 1 the distribution of the DFFITS value widens infinitely.
For a perfectly balanced experimental design (such as a factorial design or balanced partial factorial design), the leverage for each point is p/n, the number of parameters divided by the number of points. This means that the DFFITS values will be distributed (in the Gaussian case) as times a t variate. Therefore, the authors suggest investigating those points with DFFITS greater than .
Although the raw values resulting from the equations are different, Cook's distance and DFFITS are conceptually identical and there is a closed-form formula to convert one value to the other.
Development
Previously when assessi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterologous
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The term heterologous has several meanings in biology.
Gene expression
In cell biology and protein biochemistry, heterologous expression means that a protein is experimentally put into a cell that does not normally make (i.e., express) that protein. Heterologous (meaning 'derived from a different organism') refers to the fact that often the transferred protein was initially cloned from or derived from a different cell type or a different species from the recipient.
Typically the protein itself is not transferred, but instead the 'correctly edited' genetic material coding for the protein (the complementary DNA or cDNA) is added to the recipient cell. The genetic material that is transferred typically must be within a format that encourages the recipient cell to express the cDNA as a protein (i.e., it is put in an expression vector).
Methods for transferring foreign genetic material into a recipient cell include transfection and transduction. The choice of recipient cell type is often based on an experimental need to examine the protein's function in detail, and the most prevalent recipients, known as heterologous expression systems, are chosen usually because they are easy to transfer DNA into or because they allow for a simpler assessment of the protein's function.
Stem cells
In stem cell biology, a heterologous transplant refers to cells from a mixed population of donor cells. This is in contrast to an autologous transplant where the cells are derived from the s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycomb-group%20proteins
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Polycomb-group proteins (PcG proteins) are a family of protein complexes first discovered in fruit flies that can remodel chromatin such that epigenetic silencing of genes takes place. Polycomb-group proteins are well known for silencing Hox genes through modulation of chromatin structure during embryonic development in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). They derive their name from the fact that the first sign of a decrease in PcG function is often a homeotic transformation of posterior legs towards anterior legs, which have a characteristic comb-like set of bristles.
In insects
In Drosophila, the Trithorax-group (trxG) and Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins act antagonistically and interact with chromosomal elements, termed Cellular Memory Modules (CMMs). Trithorax-group (trxG) proteins maintain the active state of gene expression while the Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins counteract this activation with a repressive function that is stable over many cell generations and can only be overcome by germline differentiation processes. Polycomb Gene complexes or PcG silencing consist of at least three kinds of multiprotein complex Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), PRC2 and PhoRC. These complexes work together to carry out their repressive effect. PcGs proteins are evolutionarily conserved and exist in at least two separate protein complexes; the PcG repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and the PcG repressive complex 2–4 (PRC2/3/4). PRC2 catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-memory%20BFGS
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Limited-memory BFGS (L-BFGS or LM-BFGS) is an optimization algorithm in the family of quasi-Newton methods that approximates the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm (BFGS) using a limited amount of computer memory. It is a popular algorithm for parameter estimation in machine learning. The algorithm's target problem is to minimize over unconstrained values of the real-vector where is a differentiable scalar function.
Like the original BFGS, L-BFGS uses an estimate of the inverse Hessian matrix to steer its search through variable space, but where BFGS stores a dense approximation to the inverse Hessian (n being the number of variables in the problem), L-BFGS stores only a few vectors that represent the approximation implicitly. Due to its resulting linear memory requirement, the L-BFGS method is particularly well suited for optimization problems with many variables. Instead of the inverse Hessian Hk, L-BFGS maintains a history of the past m updates of the position x and gradient ∇f(x), where generally the history size m can be small (often ). These updates are used to implicitly do operations requiring the Hk-vector product.
Algorithm
The algorithm starts with an initial estimate of the optimal value, , and proceeds iteratively to refine that estimate with a sequence of better estimates . The derivatives of the function are used as a key driver of the algorithm to identify the direction of steepest descent, and also to form an estimate of the Hessian matrix (sec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1D
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CD1D is the human gene that encodes the protein CD1d, a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are non-classical MHC proteins, related to the class I MHC proteins, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. CD1d is the only member of the group 2 CD1 molecules.
Biological significance
CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known as natural killer T (NKT) cells, through the interaction with the T-cell receptor present on NKT membranes. When activated, NKT cells rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, typically represented by interferon-gamma and interleukin 4 production.
Nomenclature
CD1d is also known as R3G1
Ligands
Some of the known ligands for CD1d are:
α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a compound originally derived from the marine sponge Agelas mauritanius with no physiological role but great research utility.
α-glucuronyl- and α-galacturonyl- ceramides, a family of compounds of microbial origin which can be found, for example, on the cell wall of Sphingomonas, a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium. The related β-D-glucopyranosylceramide is accumulated in antigen-presenting cells after infection, where it serves to activate invariant NKTs (iNKTs), a special kind of NKT.
iGb3, a self antigen which has been implied in iNKT selection.
HS44, a synthetic amino cyclitolic ceramide analogue which has less contact with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot%20in%20Cell%20Block%2011
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Riot in Cell Block 11 is a 1954 American film noir crime film directed by Don Siegel and starring Neville Brand, Emile Meyer, Frank Faylen, Leo Gordon and Robert Osterloh. Director Quentin Tarantino called it "the best prison film ever made."
Plot
One night, several prison inmates take guards prisoner to protest brutal conditions in their prison. They then make their demands known to prison warden Reynolds (Emile Meyer), a liberal-minded administrator who has complained for many years about the same conditions. James V. Dunn (Neville Brand), the prisoners' leader, meets the press outside the cell block and makes demands that they will no longer tolerate the brutal guards, substandard food, overcrowding, and barely livable conditions.
The next day inmates from two other blocks start a riot but they are forced back into the cell blocks by the state police. Negotiations between the inmates and prison officials are stymied by the state politicians who do not want to make any concessions.
Meanwhile, factions within the prisoners begin to vie for power and control within the rebellious cell block. At the same time, the state police are given the go ahead to blow a hole in the wall to end the siege. But unknown to them, the inmates inside create a human shield by tying the hostages to the interior wall.
Just in the nick of time, the governor agrees to sign a petition from the prisoners. The riot ends when the inmates see the next-day newspapers saying that they had won. But it i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere%20%28website%29
|
Sphere was a blog search engine. The Sphere search engine delivered blog posts based on algorithms that combine semantic matching with authority factors to deliver results relevant to the search query.
Sphere also organized bloggers by topic.
The company produced an application called Sphere It! allowing users to seek blog posts related to news articles based on the contents of a particular web page they're viewing. The function was accessed from a browser navigation bar plug-in. Upon clicking the plug-in button, a semantic analysis was performed on the text within the page and blog posts related to the text of the article were returned. The search engine required that JavaScript is turned on in the visitor's browser.
Sphere had a variety of content distribution venues among major publishers where blog results from Sphere were presented, contextually, within news stories or other content.
Sphere was founded by Tony Conrad, CEO, Martin Remy, CTO, Steve Nieker, CIO and Toni Schneider, Advisor. The company was based in San Francisco, CA.
In April, 2008, Sphere was acquired by AOL to be operated as a wholly owned subsidiary.
In 2010, Sphere was merged into AOL News.
See also
Bloglines
Technorati
References
Blog search engines
Defunct internet search engines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpropiolic%20acid
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Phenylpropiolic acid, C6H5CCCO2H, formed by the action of alcoholic potash on cinnamic acid dibromide, C6H5CHBrCHBrCO2H, crystallizes in long needles or prisms which melt at 136–137 °C. When heated with water to 120 °C, it yields phenylacetylene (C6H5CCH). Chromic acid oxidizes it to benzoic acid; zinc and acetic acid reduce it to cinnamic acid, C6H5CH=CHCO2H, whilst sodium amalgam reduces it to hydrocinnamic acid, C6H5CH2CH2CO2H. Ortho-nitrophenylpropiolic acid, NO2C6H4CCCO2H, prepared by the action of alcoholic potash on ortho-nitrocinnamic acid dibromide, crystallizes in needles which decompose when heated to 155–156 °C. It is readily converted into indigo.
References
Phenyl compounds
Alkyne derivatives
Carboxylic acids
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik%20Marcus%20Knuth%20%28taxonomist%29
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Frederik Marcus Knuth, 9th Count of Knuthenborg (5 May 1904 – 14 June 1970) was a Danish taxonomist especially known for the collection and classification of cactuses. He collected and described many new species.
According to the Bovrup File Knuth was a member of DNSAP.
References
1904 births
1970 deaths
20th-century Danish botanists
20th-century Danish landowners
Botanists active in South America
Danish counts
Danish explorers
Danish Nazis
Knuth family
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer%20machine
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In theoretical computer science, a pointer machine is an atomistic abstract computational machine whose storage structure is a graph. A pointer algorithm could also be an algorithm restricted to the pointer machine model.
Some particular types of pointer machines are called a linking automaton, a KU-machine, an SMM, an atomistic LISP machine, a tree-pointer machine, etc.
Pointer machines do not have arithmetic instructions. Computation proceeds only by reading input symbols, modifying and doing various tests on its storage structure—the pattern of nodes and pointers, and outputting symbols based on the tests. In this sense, the model is similar to the Turing machine.
Types of "pointer machines"
Both Gurevich and Ben-Amram list a number of very similar "atomistic" models of "abstract machines"; Ben-Amram believes that the "atomistic models" must be distinguished from "high-level" models. The following atomistic models will be presented below:
Schönhage's storage modification machines (SMM),
Kolmogorov–Uspenskii machines (KUM or KU-Machines).
Ben-Amram also presents the following varieties, not further discussed in this article:
Atomistic pure-LISP machine (APLM)
Atomistic full-LISP machine (AFLM),
General atomistic pointer machines,
Jone's I language (two types).
Schönhage's storage modification machine (SMM) model
The following presentation follows van Emde Boas.<ref name="vEB">Peter van Emde Boas, Machine Models and Simulations pp. 3–66 in: Jan van Leeuwen, ed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20speed
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In solid mechanics, in the field of rotordynamics, the critical speed is the theoretical angular velocity that excites the natural frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft, propeller, leadscrew, or gear. As the speed of rotation approaches the object's natural frequency, the object begins to resonate, which dramatically increases system vibration. The resulting resonance occurs regardless of orientation. When the rotational speed is equal to the numerical value of the natural vibration, then that speed is referred to as critical speed.
Critical speed of shafts
All rotating shafts, even in the absence of external load, will deflect during rotation. The unbalanced mass of the rotating object causes deflection that will create resonant vibration at certain speeds, known as the critical speeds. The magnitude of deflection depends upon the following:
Stiffness of the shaft and its support
Total mass of shaft and attached parts
Unbalance of the mass with respect to the axis of rotation
The amount of damping in the system
In general, it is necessary to calculate the critical speed of a rotating shaft, such as a fan shaft, in order to avoid issues with noise and vibration.
Critical speed equation
Like vibrating strings and other elastic structures, shafts and beams can vibrate in different mode shapes, with corresponding natural frequencies. The first vibrational mode corresponds to the lowest natural frequency. Higher modes of vibration correspond to higher natural freque
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnell%27s%20theorem
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In number theory, Tunnell's theorem gives a partial resolution to the congruent number problem, and under the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, a full resolution.
Congruent number problem
The congruent number problem asks which positive integers can be the area of a right triangle with all three sides rational. Tunnell's theorem relates this to the number of integral solutions of a few fairly simple Diophantine equations.
Theorem
For a given square-free integer n, define
Tunnell's theorem states that supposing n is a congruent number, if n is odd then 2An = Bn and if n is even then 2Cn = Dn. Conversely, if the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds true for elliptic curves of the form , these equalities are sufficient to conclude that n is a congruent number.
History
The theorem is named for Jerrold B. Tunnell, a number theorist at Rutgers University, who proved it in .
Importance
The importance of Tunnell's theorem is that the criterion it gives is testable by a finite calculation. For instance, for a given , the numbers can be calculated by exhaustively searching through in the range .
See also
Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
Congruent number
References
Theorems in number theory
Diophantine equations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producer%27s%20risk
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Producer's risk is the probability that a good product will be rejected as a bad product by the consumer.
When the acceptance reliability level (ARL) is pi0, we can define the producer's risk as:
P(Test is Failed|pi0)
It calculates the probability of loss from (1) rejecting a batch which, in fact, should have been accepted, or (2) accepting a batch that, in fact, will be rejected by the customer.
See also
consumer's risk
Quality control
References
Production economics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias%20tee
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A bias tee is a three-port network used for setting the DC bias point of some electronic components without disturbing other components. The bias tee is a diplexer. The low-frequency port is used to set the bias; the high-frequency port passes the radio-frequency signals but blocks the biasing levels; the combined port connects to the device, which sees both the bias and RF. It is called a tee because the 3 ports are often arranged in the shape of a T.
Design
Conceptually, the bias tee can be viewed as an ideal capacitor that allows AC through but blocks the DC bias and an ideal inductor that blocks AC but allows DC. Although some bias tees can be made with a simple inductor and capacitor, wideband bias tees are considerably more complicated because practical components have parasitic elements.
Bias tees are designed for transmission-line environments. Typically, the characteristic impedance will be 50 Ohms or 75 Ohms. The impedance of the capacitor () is chosen to be much less than , and the impedance of the inductor () is chosen to be much greater than :
where is the angular frequency (in radians per second) and is the frequency (in Hertz).
Bias tees are designed to operate over a range of signal frequencies. The reactances are chosen to have minimal impact at the lowest frequency.
For wide-range bias tees, the inductive reactance must be large in value, even at the lowest frequency, hence the dimensions of the inductor must be large in size. A large inductor will
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural%20coding
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Neural coding (or neural representation) is a neuroscience field concerned with characterising the hypothetical relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the ensemble. Based on the theory that
sensory and other information is represented in the brain by networks of neurons, it is thought that neurons can encode both digital and analog information.
Overview
Neurons have an ability uncommon among the cells of the body to propagate signals rapidly over large distances by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials: voltage spikes that can travel down axons. Sensory neurons change their activities by firing sequences of action potentials in various temporal patterns, with the presence of external sensory stimuli, such as light, sound, taste, smell and touch. Information about the stimulus is encoded in this pattern of action potentials and transmitted into and around the brain. Beyond this, specialized neurons, such as those of the retina, can communicate more information through graded potentials. This differs from action potentials because information about the strength of a stimulus directly correlates with the strength of the neurons output. The signal decays much faster for graded potentials, necessitating short inter-neuron distances and high neuronal density. The advantage of graded potentials are higher information rates capable of enco
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20%28rapper%29
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Lorna Zarina Aponte (born May 11, 1983), better known simply as Lorna, is a Panamanian rapper. She best known for her song "Papi chulo... (te traigo el mmmm...)", which was a success debuting on the charts of France (#1), Italy (#2) and Belgium (#4).
At the age of 19, Aponte decided that she wanted to become a singer and solo artist and so she went searching for, and found, a music producer and DJ who was willing to record a song. With help from this producer, she entered a talent competition for new singers organised in Panama City which she won. This gave Aponte the opportunity to record a single. Soon after, she was working with El Chombo, a producer in Panama. In 2005, Aponte was scheduled to appear at a festival in Bilbao called Zorrozaurre, but instead of her, the record company sent one of her backing singers claiming that Lorna had decided to take a sabbatical due to health related issues. The backing singer also gave interviews under the impression of being Aponte.
References
1983 births
Living people
21st-century Panamanian women singers
21st-century Panamanian singers
Panamanian reggaeton musicians
Musicians from Panama City
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline%20lysis
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Alkaline lysis or alkaline extraction is a method used in molecular biology to isolate plasmid DNA from bacteria.
Method
Bacteria containing the plasmid of interest are first cultured, then a sample is centrifuged in order to concentrate cellular material (including DNA) into a pellet at the bottom of the containing vessel. The supernatant is discarded, and the pellet is then re-suspended in an EDTA-containing physiological buffer. The purpose of the EDTA is to chelate divalent metal cations such as Mg2+ and Ca2+, which are required for the function of DNA degrading enzymes (DNAses) and also serve to de-stabilise the DNA phosphate backbone and cell wall. Glucose in the buffer will maintain the osmotic pressure of the cell in order to prevent the cell from bursting. Tris in the buffer will retain the pH of the cell with 8.0 and RNase will remove the RNA which will disrupt the experiment.
Separately, a strong alkaline solution consisting of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a strong base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is prepared and then added. The resulting mixture is incubated for a few minutes. During this time, the detergent disrupts cell membranes and allows the alkali to contact and denature both chromosomal and plasmid DNA.
After tearing apart the cell membrane by SDS, the cell content will neutralize the NaOH; this is why the pH of the lysis goes down from 12.8 to 12.3. So if there are not enough bacterial cells, the extra NaOH will function to generate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibroblast
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A myofibroblast is a cell phenotype that was first described as being in a state between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell.
Structure
Myofibroblasts are contractile web-like fusiform cells that are identifiable by their expression of α-smooth muscle actin within their cytoplasmic stress fibers.
In the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, myofibroblasts are found subepithelially in mucosal surfaces. Here they not only act as a regulator of the shape of the crypts and villi, but also act as stem-niche cells in the intestinal crypts and as parts of atypical antigen-presenting cells. They have both support as well as paracrine function in most places.
Location
Myofibroblasts were first identified in granulation tissue during skin wound healing. Typically, these cells are found in granulation tissue, scar tissue (fibrosis) and the stroma of tumours. They also line the gastrointestinal tract, wherein they regulate the shapes of crypts and villi.
Markers
Myofibroblasts usually stain for the intermediate filament vimentin, which is a general mesenchymal marker, α-smooth muscle actin (human gene = ACTA2), and for palladin, which is a cytoskeletal actin scaffold protein. They are positive for other smooth muscle markers, such as intermediate filament type desmin in some tissues, but may be negative for desmin in other tissues. Similar heterogeneous positivity may exist for almost every smooth muscle marker except probably a few which are positive only in contractile smo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxybutyric%20acid
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Hydroxybutyric acid is a group of four-carbon organic compounds that have both hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups. They can be viewed as derivatives of butyric acid. The carboxylate anion and the esters of hydroxybutyric acids are known as hydroxybutyrates. β-hydroxybutyric acid is relevant to human health as it is a member of a class of products of fatty acid oxidation referred to as ketone bodies.
The isomers are distinguished by the distance between the two functional groups and the branching.
alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid (2-hydroxybutyric acid)
beta-Hydroxybutyric acid (3-hydroxybutyric acid)
gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (4-hydroxybutyric acid, GHB)
2-hydroxyisobutyric acid
3-hydroxyisobutyric acid
See also
beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid
Sodium oxybate
References
External links
Hydroxy acids
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmax%20function
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The softmax function, also known as softargmax or normalized exponential function, converts a vector of real numbers into a probability distribution of possible outcomes. It is a generalization of the logistic function to multiple dimensions, and used in multinomial logistic regression. The softmax function is often used as the last activation function of a neural network to normalize the output of a network to a probability distribution over predicted output classes, based on Luce's choice axiom.
Definition
The softmax function takes as input a vector of real numbers, and normalizes it into a probability distribution consisting of probabilities proportional to the exponentials of the input numbers. That is, prior to applying softmax, some vector components could be negative, or greater than one; and might not sum to 1; but after applying softmax, each component will be in the interval , and the components will add up to 1, so that they can be interpreted as probabilities. Furthermore, the larger input components will correspond to larger probabilities.
The standard (unit) softmax function where is defined by the formula
In words, it applies the standard exponential function to each element of the input vector and normalizes these values by dividing by the sum of all these exponentials. The normalization ensures that the sum of the components of the output vector is 1. The term "softmax" derives from the amplifying effects of the exponential on any maxima in t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sani%20Flush
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Sani-Flush was an American brand of crystal toilet bowl cleaner formerly produced by Reckitt Benckiser. Its main ingredient was sodium bisulfate; it also contained sodium carbonate as well as sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, sodium chloride, fragrance and dye.
When sodium bisulfate is mixed with water, a highly-corrosive acidic solution is produced, which dissolves accumulated minerals such as iron, magnesium and calcium from the bowl.
Due to environmental concerns, the product has been discontinued; by 2013 its last original US trademark was cancelled or allowed to expire.
History
Sani-Flush was introduced by the Hygienic Products Company of Chicago, Illinois in 1911 as a toilet bowl cleaner; since 1922 it had also been promoted for flushing "rust, scale and sludge" from automobile radiators. Advertisements from the 1920s onward depicted a housewife in an apron using the product to disinfect the bowl and remove odours; it "cleans closet bowls without scouring" with "no drudgery whatsovever".
The brand was sold to American Home Products; that company's subsidiary Boyle-Midway was sold to Reckitt & Colman (now Reckitt Benckiser) in 1990. The primary direct competitor to Sani-Flush was Vanish, a brand of toilet cleaning crystals marketed in the US by Drackett, which was later acquired by the SC Johnson Company.
Widely stocked in grocery and hardware stores, the product was a well-known household name and occasionally mentioned in children's jokes like "If Santa gets stuck in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin%20K%20epoxide%20reductase
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Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an enzyme () that reduces vitamin K after it has been oxidised in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation enzymes. VKOR is a member of a large family of predicted enzymes that are present in vertebrates, Drosophila, plants, bacteria and archaea. In some plant and bacterial homologues, the VKOR domain is fused with domains of the thioredoxin family of oxidoreductases.
Four cysteine residues and one residue, which is either serine or threonine, are identified as likely active-site residues. Solved bacterial VKOR structures has enabled more insights into the catalytic mechanism. All VKORs are transmembrane proteins with at least three TM helices at the catalytic core. The quinone to be reduced is bound by a redox-active CXXC motif in the C-terminal helices, similar to the DsbB active site. Two other cysteines to the N-terminal are located in a loop outside of the transmembrane region; they relay electrons with a redox protein (or in the case of the bacterial homolog, its own fused domain).
The human gene for VKOR is called VKORC1 (VKOR complex subunit 1). It is the target of anticoagulant warfarin. Its partner is a redox protein with an unknown identity, probably a thioredoxin-like protein located in the ER lumen such as TMX1.
There is also a similar gene called VKORC1L1. The VKORL1 complex it forms is much less efficient at reducing the epoxide, but it has the ability to reduce the quinone form of vitamin K to a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternal%20mtDNA%20transmission
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In genetics, paternal mtDNA transmission and paternal mtDNA inheritance refer to the incidence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) being passed from a father to his offspring. Paternal mtDNA inheritance is observed in a small proportion of species; in general, mtDNA is passed unchanged from a mother to her offspring, making it an example of non-Mendelian inheritance. In contrast, mtDNA transmission from both parents occurs regularly in certain bivalves.
In animals
Paternal mtDNA inheritance in animals varies. For example, in Mytilidae mussels, paternal mtDNA "is transmitted through the sperm and establishes itself only in the male gonad." In testing 172 sheep, "The Mitochondrial DNA from three lambs in two half-sib families were found to show paternal inheritance." An instance of paternal leakage resulted in a study on chickens. There has been evidences that paternal leakage is an integral part of mitochondrial inheritance of Drosophila simulans.
In humans
In human mitochondrial genetics, there is debate over whether or not paternal mtDNA transmission is possible. Many studies hold that paternal mtDNA is never transmitted to offspring. This thought is central to mtDNA genealogical DNA testing and to the theory of mitochondrial Eve. The fact that mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited enables researchers to trace maternal lineage far back in time. Y chromosomal DNA, paternally inherited, is used in an analogous way to trace the agnate lineage.
In sexual reproduction, p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20chemistry
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In flow chemistry, also called reactor engineering, a chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production. In other words, pumps move fluid into a reactor, and where tubes join one another, the fluids contact one another. If these fluids are reactive, a reaction takes place. Flow chemistry is a well-established technique for use at a large scale when manufacturing large quantities of a given material. However, the term has only been coined recently for its application on a laboratory scale by chemists and describes small pilot plants, and lab-scale continuous plants. Often, microreactors are used.
Batch vs. flow
Comparing parameter definitions in Batch vs Flow
Reaction stoichiometry: In batch production this is defined by the concentration of chemical reagents and their volumetric ratio. In flow this is defined by the concentration of reagents and the ratio of their flow rate.
Residence time: In batch production this is determined by how long a vessel is held at a given temperature. In flow the volumetric residence time is given by the ratio of the volume of the reactor and the overall flow rate, as most often, plug flow reactors are used.
Running flow reactions
Choosing to run a chemical reaction using flow chemistry, either in a microreactor or other mixing device offers a variety of pros and cons.
Advantages
Reaction temperature can be raised above the solvent's boiling point as the volume of the laboratory devices is typic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20genetic%20genealogy%20topics
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This is a list of genetic genealogy topics.
Important concepts
Genetic genealogy
Genealogical DNA test
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
Allele
Allele frequency
Electropherogram
Genetic recombination
Haplogroup
Haplotype
* (haplogroup)
Most recent common ancestor
Short tandem repeat (STR)
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
Y-STR (Y-chromosome short tandem repeat)
Related fields
Archaeogenetics
Genealogy
Genetics
Genetic fingerprinting
DNA sequencing
Population genetics
Molecular genetics
Patrilineal relationships
Patrilineality
XY sex-determination system
Y-chromosomal Adam
Y-chromosomal Aaron
Adam's Curse
Paternal mtDNA transmission
RecLOH
Matrilineal relationships
Matrilineality
Mitochondrion
Mitochondrial DNA
Human mitochondrial genetics
Mitochondrial Eve
X chromosome
Biogeography, ethnicity and migration
Human migration
Population genetics
Multiregional hypothesis
Single-origin hypothesis
Projects
Human Genome Project
International HapMap Project
Molecular Genealogy Research Project
Surname DNA project
The Genographic Project
Lists
List of Y-chromosome databases
List of DNA tested mummies
List of DNA tested historical figures
List of genetic results derived from historical figures
Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
See also
List of genetics-related topics
Genetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy topics
Genetic genealogy topics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Majstorovi%C4%87
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Daniel Majstorović (born on 5 April 1977) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a centre back.
He started his career with IF Brommapojkarna in his native Sweden. After a year with the club, he moved to German side SC Fortuna Köln in 1997, subsequently moving back to Sweden just a year later when he signed for Västerås SK. His form then earned him a move to Malmö FF, where he won his first trophy, the 2004 Allsvenskan, and his first international call-up for the Swedish national team in 2003.
In 2004, he moved to Dutch Eredivisie club FC Twente for a fee of €800,000, and after one season he signed for Swiss Super League side FC Basel for €1.3 million. He won the double of league and cup in the 2007–08 season. He scored 11 goals in the double-winning season, and finished as the club's second top goalscorer. In 2008, then he moved to Greek Superleague side AEK Athens on a free transfer. He was released in 2010 due to financial problems at the club and was then signed by Scottish Premier League team Celtic. In Scotland, he won the 2010–11 Scottish Cup and 2011–12 Scottish Premier League.
Club career
Early career
Before starting his football career, Majstorović played at the youth level at Övergrans IF and FF Habo. He began his professional career with IF Brommapojkarna in 1995, playing 20 games in his debut season. The next year, he only played 14 games and scored once but was still spotted German side Fortuna Köln, who secured his signature in 1997. On 15 February 19
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizotifen
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Pizotifen (INN) or pizotyline (USAN), trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene-based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventive to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches.
Uses
The main medical use for pizotifen is for the prevention of migraine and cluster headache. Pizotifen is one of a range of medications used for this purpose, other options include propranolol, topiramate, valproic acid, cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. While pizotifen is effective in adults, evidence of efficacy in children is limited, and its use is limited by side effects, principally drowsiness and weight gain, and it is usually not the first choice medicine for preventing migraines, instead being used as an alternative when other drugs have failed to be effective. It is not effective in relieving migraine attacks once in progress. Pizotifen has also been reported as highly effective in a severe case of erythromelalgia, a rare neurovascular disease that is sometimes refractory to the other drugs named above.
Other applications for which pizotifen may be used include as an antidepressant, or for the treatment of anxiety or social phobia. Animal studies also suggest that pizotyline could be used in the treatment of serotonin syndrome or MDMA overdose in a similar manner to the closely related antihistamine/antiserotonin medication cyproheptadine.
Adverse effects
Side effects include sedation, dry mouth, drowsiness, increased appetite and weight gain. Occasionally it may
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transterm
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Transterm is a database of mRNA sequences, codon usage, and associated cis-regulatory elements that regulate gene expression. Many of these elements are in the 3' UTR. Transterm is a database provided by the Biochemistry department of The University of Otago. Transterm is used to look at the protein binding sites within mRNA. Transterm is continually updated based upon results in peer-reviewed journals.
References
External links
Transterm database online
Biological databases
Biology websites
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrkan%20Sermeter
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Gürkan Sermeter (born 14 February 1974) is a Swiss former footballer who last played for AC Bellinzona in the Swiss Challenge League.
External links
Statistics at T-Online.de
AC Bellinzona profile
1974 births
Swiss men's footballers
Living people
FC Aarau players
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
BSC Young Boys players
FC Luzern players
AC Bellinzona players
Swiss Super League players
Swiss Challenge League players
Men's association football midfielders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cake%20hole
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Cake Hole may refer to:
As a crude phrase, the mouth
In music
Cakehole, a song by The Crystal Method on their Community Service album
A remix by Evil Nine for Distinct'ive Records' Y4K series on the ILS Presents: Y4K album.
"Cakewhole", a remix by Ferocious Mullet for Distinct'ive Records' Y4K series on the Überzone Presents: Y4K album.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanovirin-N
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Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a protein produced by the cyanobacterium Nostoc ellipsosporum that displays virucidal activity against several viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A cyanobacterial protein called cyanovirin-N (CV-N) has strong anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neutralizing properties. The virucidal activity of CV-N is mediated through specific high-affinity interactions with the viral surface envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, as well as to high-mannose oligosaccharides found on the HIV envelope. In addition, CV-N is active against rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and enteric viruses. The virucidal activity of CV-N against influenza virus is directed towards viral haemagglutinin.
The blue-green alga Nostoc ellipsosporum naturally contains the protein cyanovirin-N. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the United States carried out the initial isolation and characterisation of this protein in 1999. The use of cyanovirin-N as an antiviral drug, particularly against HIV, has since been the subject of investigation. Its ability to bind to the HIV-encapsulating glycoprotein gp120 has been demonstrated in several studies, which has led to the development of Cyanovirin-N-based therapies and preventatives.
Structure
Cyanovirin-N is a lengthy, mostly beta-sheet protein that displays internal two-fold pseudosymmetry. The fundamental atomic root-mean-square of the two sequence repeats (1-50 and 51-101) differs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verna%20Gaston
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Verna Gaston (November 1950 – September 16, 2005) was a Filipino actress who was first scouted by José Roxas Perez, top man of the then Sampaguita Pictures who convinced her to be a movie star.
Born in November 1950, she became one of the sexiest movie stars in the late 1960s. She is also a recording artist cutting two singles under Villar Record's sublabel Action Records. At the onset of the Bomba (Bold) movies era in Philippine cinema (early 1970s), she shied away from movies and opted to be a singer instead. Her singing career spanned the Philippines, and on 1976 started to conquer Japan, The Middle East, Guam, Egypt and Greece as well.
Ms. Gaston succumbed to Thymoma Cancer at 54 on September 16, 2005 and was survived by her two children, Angel and Chiok. She never married.
Filmography
Dolphy's Angels - 1982
24 Sexy - 1971
Totoy Guwapo - 1971
Mekeni's Gold - 1970
Ang Pulubi - 1969
Mga Tigre sa looban - 1969
Magnum Barracuda - 1968
Doon Po sa Amin - 1968
Junior Cursillo - 1968
May Tampuhan, Paminsan-minsan - 1968
El Perro Gancho - 1968
Pitong Krus ng Isang Ina - 1968
Bikini Beach Party - 1967
Ang Pangarap Ko'y Ikaw - 1967
Bus Stop - 1967
Let's Dance the Soul - 1967
All Over the World - 1967
Jamboree '66 - 1966
Espada ng Rubitanya - 1965
Discography
I'm a Tiger - 1969
Where is Tomorrow - 1969
I Will (cover version) - 1969
Bang Bang - 1969
References
Filipino film actresses
1950 births
2005 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indexed%20search
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Indexed search, also called the cutpoint method, is an algorithm for discrete-distribution pseudo-random number sampling, invented by Chen and Asau in 1974.
References
Sources
Fishman,G.S. (1996) Monte Carlo. Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications. New York: Springer.
Ripley, B. D. (1987) Stochastic Simulation. Wiley.
Non-uniform random numbers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic%20Number%20Theory%20Symposium
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Algorithmic Number Theory Symposium (ANTS) is a biennial academic conference, first held in Cornell in 1994, constituting an international forum for the presentation of new research in computational number theory. They are devoted to algorithmic aspects of number theory, including elementary number theory, algebraic number theory, analytic number theory, geometry of numbers, arithmetic geometry, finite fields, and cryptography.
Selfridge Prize
In honour of the many contributions of John Selfridge to mathematics, the Number Theory Foundation has established a prize to be awarded to those individuals who have authored the best paper accepted for presentation at ANTS. The prize, called the Selfridge Prize, is awarded every two years in an even numbered year. The prize winner(s) receive a cash award and a sculpture.
The prize winners and their papers selected by the ANTS Program Committee are:
2006 – ANTS VII – Werner Bley and Robert Boltje – Computation of locally free class groups.
2008 – ANTS VIII – Juliana Belding, Reinier Bröker, Andreas Enge and Kristin Lauter – Computing hilbert class polynomials.
2010 – ANTS IX – John Voight – Computing automorphic forms on Shimura curves over fields with arbitrary class number.
2012 – ANTS X – Andrew Sutherland – On the evaluation of modular polynomials.
2014 – ANTS XI – Tom Fisher – Minimal models for 6-coverings of elliptic curves.
2016 – ANTS XII – Jan Steffen Müller and Michael Stoll – Computing canonical heights on
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro%20heat%20exchanger
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Micro heat exchangers, Micro-scale heat exchangers, or microstructured heat exchangers are heat exchangers in which (at least one) fluid flows in lateral confinements with typical dimensions below 1 mm. The most typical such confinement are microchannels, which are channels with a hydraulic diameter below 1 mm. Microchannel heat exchangers can be made from metal or ceramic.
Microchannel heat exchangers can be used for many applications including:
high-performance aircraft gas turbine engines
heat pumps
Microprocessor and microchip cooling
air conditioning
Background
Investigation of microscale thermal devices is motivated by the single phase internal flow correlation for convective heat transfer:
Where is the heat transfer coefficient, is the Nusselt number, is the thermal conductivity of the fluid and is the hydraulic diameter of the channel or duct. In internal laminar flows, the Nusselt number becomes a constant. This is a result which can be arrived at analytically: For the case of a constant wall temperature, and for the case of constant heat flux for round tubes. The last value is increased to 140/17 = 8.23 for flat parallel plates. As Reynolds number is proportional to hydraulic diameter, fluid flow in channels of small hydraulic diameter will predominantly be laminar in character. This correlation therefore indicates that the heat transfer coefficient increases as channel diameter decreases. Should the hydraulic diameter in forced convection be on the o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Sheffield%20Wednesday%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics
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These are Sheffield Wednesday F.C. records. They cover all competitive matches dating back to the team's first appearance in the FA Cup in 1880.
Record Games
Seasonal records
Record Runs
All records relate to league games only
Players
General
Transfers
Appearances and goals
Highest Average attendance in a season
Honours
Top tier
Lower tier
Local
References
Club records (last accessed 28 July 2006)
Appearances (last accessed 28 July 2006)
Goalscorers (last accessed 28 July 2006)
Honours (last archived 15 October 2012)
Club Records (last accessed 1 September 2016)
Record Signing (last accessed 1 September 2016)
Records
Sheffield Wednesday
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion%20rate%20optimization
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Conversion rate optimization (CRO) is the process of increasing the percentage of users or website visitors to take a desired action (such as buying a product or leaving contact details).
History
Online conversion rate optimization (or website optimization) was born out of the need of e-commerce marketers to improve their website's performance in the aftermath of the dot-com bubble, when technology companies started to be more aware about their spending, investing more in website analytics. After the burst, with website creation being more accessible, tons of pages with bad user experience were created. As competition grew on the web during the early 2000s, website analysis tools became available, and awareness of website usability grew, internet marketers were prompted to produce measurables for their tactics and improve their website's user experience.
In 2004, new tools enabled internet marketers to experiment with website design and content variations to determine which layouts, copy text, offers, and images perform best. Testing started to be more accessible and known. This form of optimization accelerated in 2007 with the introduction of the free tool Google Website Optimizer. Today, optimization and conversion are key aspects of many digital marketing campaigns. A research study conducted among internet marketers in 2017, for example, showed that 50% of respondents thought that CRO was "crucial to their overall digital marketing strategy".
Conversion rate optimizat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody%20Loves%20You
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Somebody Loves You may refer to:
Somebody Loves You (album), a 1975 album by Crystal Gayle
"Somebody Loves You" (Crystal Gayle song), the album's title track
"Somebody Loves You" (1932 song), by Peter deRose and Charles Tobias
"Somebody Loves You" (Nik Kershaw song), 1999
"Somebody Loves You" (Betty Who song), 2012
"Somebody Loves You Baby (You Know Who It Is)", a 1991 song by Patti LaBelle
Somebody Loves You, a 2009 album by Austin Lucas
"Somebody Loves You", a song by The Delfonics from Sound of Sexy Soul
"Somebody Loves You", a song by Eels from Shootenanny!
"Somebody (Loves You)", a song by Plies from Definition of Real
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrosynthesis
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In electrochemistry, electrosynthesis is the synthesis of chemical compounds in an electrochemical cell. Compared to ordinary redox reactions, electrosynthesis sometimes offers improved selectivity and yields. Electrosynthesis is actively studied as a science and also has industrial applications. Electrooxidation has potential for wastewater treatment as well.
Experimental setup
The basic setup in electrosynthesis is a galvanic cell, a potentiostat and two electrodes. Typical solvent and electrolyte combinations minimizes electrical resistance. Protic conditions often use alcohol-water or dioxane-water solvent mixtures with an electrolyte such as a soluble salt, acid or base. Aprotic conditions often use an organic solvent such as acetonitrile or dichloromethane with electrolytes such as lithium perchlorate or tetrabutylammonium salts. The choice of electrodes with respect to their composition and surface area can be decisive. For example, in aqueous conditions the competing reactions in the cell are the formation of oxygen at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode. In this case a graphite anode and lead cathode could be used effectively because of their high overpotentials for oxygen and hydrogen formation respectively. Many other materials can be used as electrodes. Other examples include platinum, magnesium, mercury (as a liquid pool in the reactor), stainless steel or reticulated vitreous carbon. Some reactions use a sacrificial electrode that is consumed during the react
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%E2%80%93Boltzmann%20equation
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The Poisson–Boltzmann equation is a useful equation in many settings, whether it be to understand physiological interfaces, polymer science, electron interactions in a semiconductor, or more. It aims to describe the distribution of the electric potential in solution in the direction normal to a charged surface. This distribution is important to determine how the electrostatic interactions will affect the molecules in solution. The Poisson–Boltzmann equation is derived via mean-field assumptions.
From the Poisson–Boltzmann equation many other equations have been derived with a number of different assumptions.
Origins
Background and derivation
The Poisson–Boltzmann equation describes a model proposed independently by Louis Georges Gouy and David Leonard Chapman in 1910 and 1913, respectively. In the Gouy-Chapman model, a charged solid comes into contact with an ionic solution, creating a layer of surface charges and counter-ions or double layer. Due to thermal motion of ions, the layer of counter-ions is a diffuse layer and is more extended than a single molecular layer, as previously proposed by Hermann Helmholtz in the Helmholtz model. The Stern Layer model goes a step further and takes into account the finite ion size.
The Gouy–Chapman model explains the capacitance-like qualities of the electric double layer. A simple planar case with a negatively charged surface can be seen in the figure below. As expected, the concentration of counter-ions is higher near the surface
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo%20Morales
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Hugo Alberto Morales (born 30 July 1974 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine retired footballer who played as a midfielder.
External links
Argentine League statistics
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Argentine Primera División players
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Club Atlético Lanús footballers
Talleres de Córdoba footballers
La Liga players
Segunda División players
CD Tenerife players
Categoría Primera A players
Atlético Nacional footballers
Millonarios F.C. players
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica footballers
Argentina men's youth international footballers
Argentina men's under-20 international footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Argentina
Olympic silver medalists for Argentina
Olympic medalists in football
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyar%20Kiya%20To%20Darna%20Kya
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"Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya" () is a song from the famous Indian movie Mughal-e-Azam (1960), which is directed by K. Asif. The song is composed by Naushad, written by Shakeel Badayuni, and sung by Lata Mangeshkar with a chorus. It is picturised on Madhubala, who plays the role of beautiful courtesan Anarkali in the film. It is shot in technicolour in a set inspired by the Sheesh Mahal of the Lahore Fort.
Development
The composition of "Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya" was especially time-consuming – on the day of the song's recording, Naushad rejected two sets of lyrics made by Shakeel Badayuni. Subsequently, a "brainstorming session" was held on Naushad's terrace, beginning in the early part of the evening and lasting until next day. Late in the night, Naushad remembered a folk song from eastern Uttar Pradesh with the lyrics going as "Prem kiya, kya chori kari hai..." ("I have loved, does it mean that I have stolen?"). The song was converted into a ghazal and subsequently recorded. It was also one of Lata's Urdu songs, which she had sung after taking Urdu lessons to improve her diction.
Form and meaning
The song starts with a vocal rendition in the classical style by noted classical singer of the time, Bade Ghulam Ali. His part in the song is meant to represent the voice of Tansen, one of Akbar's Nine Jewels, considered to have had the ability to bring rain from the sky and light candles in the dark with his singing. This rendition is followed by a solo by Lata Mangeshkar, composed as
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentigerous%20cyst
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A dentigerous cyst, also known as a follicular cyst, is an epithelial-lined developmental cyst formed by accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the crown of an unerupted tooth. It is formed when there is an alteration in the reduced enamel epithelium and encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth at the cemento-enamel junction. Fluid is accumulated between reduced enamel epithelium and the crown of an unerupted tooth.
Dentigerous cysts are the second most prevalent type of odontogenic cysts after radicular cyst. Seventy percent of the cases occur in the mandible. Dentigerous cysts are usually painless. The patient usually comes with a concern of delayed tooth eruption or facial swelling. A dentigerous cyst can go unnoticed and may be discovered coincidentally on a regular radiographic examination.
Pathogenesis
Odontogenesis happens by means of a complex interaction between oral epithelium and surrounding mesenchymal tissue. Abnormal tissue interaction during this process can result in ectopic tooth development. Ectopic tooth eruption may result due to pathological process, such as a tumor or cyst or developmental disturbance. The pathogenesis of dentigerous cyst is still controversial.
The accumulation of fluid either between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel or in between the layers of enamel organ seems to be the key to the formation of dentigerous cysts.
A potentially erupting tooth on an impacted follicle can obstruct the venous outflow,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik%20Lindstr%C3%B6m%20%28writer%29
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Fredrik Lindström (born 27 June 1963 in Eskilstuna, Södermanland County) is a Swedish comedian, film director and presenter.
He played drums for the heavy metal band CRYSTAL PRIDE in the early 1980s.
In the 2000s, Lindström became a household name in Sweden through his documentary series Värsta språket about the Swedish language at Sveriges Television. Lindström has written several books that served as a basis for the series as well as historic linguistics in the Swedish language. They have the same kind of approach, mixing informality with information derived from the author's linguistics background.
Lindström's first encounter with the Swedish audience was on the radio show Hassan, on which he made prank calls to random people pretending to be different imaginary people, often with some kind of subtle disturbance that made the conversation farcical. The show aired on P3 for several seasons in the 1990s.
Since 2010, he has taken Björn Hellberg's role as the referee, in one of the most popular Television-Quizzes in Sweden ever, På spåret, which largely is a contest in geography, but also includes history, linguistics, sports and various subjects.
A few years later, after various smaller appearances as a stand-up comedian, he directed two Swedish featured films in the comedy/drama genre; these featured well-known Swedish actors such as Mikael Persbrandt and Magnus Härenstam.
Discography
Films
Vuxna människor, 1999 (Adult Behaviour, lit. Adult People.)
Känd från TV, 20
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisindione
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Anisindione (brand name Miradon) is a synthetic anticoagulant and an 1,3-indandione derivative. It prevents the formation of active procoagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S, in the liver by inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins.
References
Anticoagulants
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%201%2C%20Saskatchewan
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Division No. 1 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the southeast corner of the province, bordering Manitoba and North Dakota. The most populous community in this division is Estevan.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Division No. 1 had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Census subdivisions
The following census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) are located within Saskatchewan's Division No. 1.
Cities
Estevan
Towns
Alameda
Arcola
Bienfait
Carlyle
Carnduff
Lampman
Oxbow
Redvers
Stoughton
Wawota
Villages
Alida
Carievale
Fairlight
Forget
Frobisher
Gainsborough
Glen Ewen
Heward
Kennedy
Kenosee Lake
Kisbey
Manor
Maryfield
North Portal
Roche Percee
Storthoaks
Rural municipalities
RM No. 1 Argyle
RM No. 2 Mount Pleasant
RM No. 3 Enniskillen
RM No. 4 Coalfields
RM No. 5 Estevan
RM No. 31 Storthoaks
RM No. 32 Reciprocity
RM No. 33 Moose Creek
RM No. 34 Browning
RM No. 35 Benson
RM No. 61 Antler
RM No. 63 Moose Mountain
RM No. 64 Brock
RM No. 65 Tecumseh
RM No. 91 Maryfield
RM No. 92 Walpole
RM No. 93 Wawken
RM No. 94 Hazelwood
RM No. 95 Golden West
Indian reserves
Ocean Man First Nation
Ocean Man 69
Ocean Man 69A
Ocean Man 69B
Ocean Man 69C
Ocean Man 69E
Ocean Man 69F
Ocean Man 69G
O
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%203%2C%20Saskatchewan
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Division No. 3 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-southwestern part of the province, adjacent to the border with Montana, United States. The most populous community in this division is Assiniboia.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Division No. 3 had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Census subdivisions
The following census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) are located within Saskatchewan's Division No. 3.
Towns
Assiniboia
Coronach
Gravelbourg
Mossbank
Ponteix
Rockglen
Willow Bunch
Villages
Hazenmore
Kincaid
Limerick
Mankota
Neville
Vanguard
Wood Mountain
Rural municipalities
RM No. 11 Hart Butte
RM No. 12 Poplar Valley
RM No. 42 Willow Bunch
RM No. 43 Old Post
RM No. 44 Waverley
RM No. 45 Mankota
RM No. 46 Glen McPherson
RM No. 71 Excel
RM No. 72 Lake of the Rivers
RM No. 73 Stonehenge
RM No. 74 Wood River
RM No. 75 Pinto Creek
RM No. 76 Auvergne
RM No. 101 Terrell
RM No. 102 Lake Johnston
RM No. 103 Sutton
RM No. 104 Gravelbourg
RM No. 105 Glen Bain
RM No. 106 Whiska Creek
Indian reserves
Cowessess First Nation
Cowessess 73
Sturgeon Lake First Nation
Sturgeon Lake 101C
Wood Mountain Lakota First Nation
Wood Mountain 160
Other communities
Aneroid
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Saskatchewan
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Division No. 4 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the southwest corner of the province, bordering Alberta to the west and Montana, United States to the south. The most populous community in this division is Maple Creek.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Division No. 4 had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Census subdivisions
The following census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) are located within Saskatchewan's Division No. 4.
Towns
Eastend
Maple Creek
Shaunavon
Villages
Bracken
Cadillac
Carmichael
Climax
Consul
Frontier
Neville
Val Marie
Rural municipalities
RM No. 17 Val Marie
RM No. 18 Lone Tree
RM No. 19 Frontier
RM No. 49 White Valley
RM No. 51 Reno
RM No. 77 Wise Creek
RM No. 78 Grassy Creek
RM No. 79 Arlington
RM No. 107 Lac Pelletier
RM No. 108 Bone Creek
RM No. 109 Carmichael
RM No. 110 Piapot
RM No. 111 Maple Creek
Other communities
Special service areas
Admiral
Organized hamlets
Darlings Beach
Hamlets
Orkney
Piapot
Simmie
Unincorporated communities
Battle Creek
Beaver Valley
Belanger
Blumenort
Canuck
Carnagh
Claydon
Cross
Cummings
Divide
Dollard
East Fairwell
Edgell
Fort Walsh, National historic site
Garden Head
Govenlock
Hatton
Hillan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbo
|
Umbo may refer to:
Anatomy
Umbo (eye), tiny depression in the center of the foveola corresponding to the foveal reflex
Umbo of tympanic membrane, the central, most inverted portion of the eardrum
Flora and fauna
Umbo (bivalve), part of a bivalve shell which was formed when the animal was a juvenile
Umbo (conifer cone), the first year's growth of a seed scale on a conifer cone, showing up as a protuberance at the end of the two-year-old scale
Umbo (mycology), at the top of some mushrooms
Other
Otto Umbehr (1902–1980), a German photographer known as "Umbo"
A shield boss, a round, convex, or conical piece of material at the center of a shield
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenon%27s%20capsule
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Tenon's capsule (), also known as the Tenon capsule, fascial sheath of the eyeball () or the fascia bulbi, is a thin membrane which envelops the eyeball from the optic nerve to the corneal limbus, separating it from the orbital fat and forming a socket in which it moves.
The inner surface of Tenon's capsule is smooth and is separated from the outer surface of the sclera by the periscleral lymph space. This lymph space is continuous with the subdural and subarachnoid cavities and is traversed by delicate bands of connective tissue which extend between the capsule and the sclera.
The capsule is perforated behind by the ciliary vessels and nerves and fuses with the sheath of the optic nerve and with the sclera around the entrance of the optic nerve. In front it adheres to the conjunctiva, and both structures are attached to the ciliary region of the eyeball.
The structure was named after Jacques-René Tenon (1724–1816), a French surgeon and pathologist.
Structure
Relations
Tenon's capsule is perforated by the tendons of the ocular muscles and is reflected backward on each as a tubular sheath. The sheath of the obliquus superior is carried as far as the fibrous pulley of that muscle, and that on the obliquus inferior reaches as far as the floor of the orbit, to which it gives off a slip. The sheaths on the recti muscles are gradually lost in the perimysium, but they give off important expansions. The expansion from the rectus superior blends with the tendon of the levator pal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourna
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Fourna () is a village and a former municipality in Evrytania in central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Karpenisi, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 132.232 km2. The population of the municipal unit is 625 (2011 census). The municipal unit consists of the villages Fourna, Vracha (Greek: Βράχα), and Kleisto (Greek: Κλειστό).
Notable people
Dionysius (c. 1670 – after 1744), painter and monk
References
Populated places in Evrytania
Karpenisi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Verna
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Carlos Alberto Verna (born 8 May 1946) is an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician who was governor of La Pampa Province twice, from 2003 to 2007 and from 2015 to 2019. He was also a National Senator for La Pampa for two terms, and served as intendente (mayor) of General Pico.
Career
Verna entered public service as Mayor of General Pico, and was elected to the Argentine Senate for La Pampa in 1993, and later became Chairman of the Budget Committee. He won the 2003 gubernatorial election with the support of President Carlos Menem, against the candidate of the Front for Victory faction of the Justicialist Party, Néstor Ahuad. Verna was not close to fellow Peronist President Néstor Kirchner, and was likely to be challenged by his own party if he attempted to be re-elected in 2007. He was, moreover, implicated in the scandal concerning public SIDE funds diverted to senators by the government of Fernando de la Rúa for their support of a labor law flexibilization bill in 2000. Consequently, Verna declared he would not seek political office following the end of his term in 2007, and he left office in December 2007.
Verna was returned to his former seat in the Senate in 2009; he campaigned with markedly anti-Kirchnerist rhetoric in the heavily agrarian province (then still reeling from the effects of the 2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector, as well as a severe drought). Maintaining long-standing differences with President Cristina Kirchner from he
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tregiffian%20Burial%20Chamber
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The Tregiffian Burial Chamber () is a Neolithic or early Bronze Age chambered tomb. It is near Lamorna in west Cornwall, United Kingdom (). It is a rare form of a passage grave, known as an Entrance grave. It has an entrance passage, lined with stone slabs, which leads into a central chamber. This type of tomb is also found in the neighbouring Isles of Scilly.
Location
Tregiffian is in southwest Cornwall in the District of Penwith south of Penzance between St Buryan and Lamorna. It lies close to The Merry Maidens stone circle. The site is managed by the Cornwall Heritage Trust on behalf of English Heritage.
Construction
The large stone grave, half of which was covered by a road in 1846, was, unlike Cornish quoits, for the most part covered with soil, with only the entrance exposed. From the edge of the site a passage, covered by four 3 m long stones, led to the 4-metre deep grave chamber. In front of the chamber, a cross-lying ornate stone, with cup-and-ring markings, formed a barrier. The original stone is in Truro, in the Royal Cornwall Museum, the local stone is a replica. Inside the tomb there was the chamber grave, which consisted of upright stones and a cover slab. Tregiffian probably formed a holy place with the Merry Maidens and other sites.
Excavations
In 1871 William Copeland Borlase carried out the first excavations on the grave. He first discovered the stone edge of the cover and found flints, bones and ashes. During deeper excavations Borlase discovered pits
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Serna
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Isaac Fredy Serna Guzmán (born 12 November 1955) is a Peruvian politician. He is a Congressman representing Ica for the period 2006–2011, and belongs to the Union for Peru party. He failed to attain re-election in the 2011 elections when he ran for re-election under the National Solidarity Alliance, but he was not re-elected.
Biography
Serna was born in the district of Santiago de Chocorvos, Huaytara province, Huancavelica department, Peru, on November 12, 1955, the son of Lino Serna Sayritúpac and Eva Guzmán Vda. of Serna. He completed his primary studies in his hometown and in the city of Ica. The secondary ones were studied in the Great San Luis Gonzaga School Unit in the latter city. Between 1976 and 1983 he studied mechanical engineering at the San Luis Gonzaga National University in Ica.
During his life, Serna ran several times to the congress and to the regional Presidency of Ica, almost always for the Union for Peru, of which he became first vice president. He ran for congress in the general elections of 2000, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2020. Of all those elections, he was only elected as a congressman for Ica in the 2006 elections. For his part, he ran for the Presidency of the Regional Government of Ica in the regional elections of 2002, 2014 and 2018. He was never elected. During his tenure as a congressman, he participated in the formulation of 279 bills of which 59 were approved as law of the republic.
References
Living people
21st-century Peruvian politici
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