source
stringlengths 32
209
| text
stringlengths 18
1.5k
|
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occludin
|
Occludin is an enzyme (EC 1.6) that oxidizes NADH. It was first identified in epithelial cells as a 65 kDa integral plasma-membrane protein localized at the tight junctions. Together with Claudins, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin has been considered a staple of tight junctions, and although it was shown to regulate the formation, maintenance, and function of tight junctions, its precise mechanism of action remained elusive and most of its actions were initially attributed to conformational changes following selective phosphorylation, and its redox-sensitive dimerization. However, mounting evidence demonstrated that occludin is not only present in epithelial/endothelial cells, but is also expressed in large quantities in cells that do not have tight junctions but have very active metabolism: pericytes, neurons and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages lymphocytes, and myocardium. Recent work, using molecular modeling, supported by biochemical and live-cell experiments in human cells demonstrated that occludin is a NADH oxidase that influences critical aspects of cell metabolism like glucose uptake, ATP production and gene expression. Furthermore, manipulation of occludin content in human cells is capable of influencing the expression of glucose transporters, and the activation of transcription factors like NFkB, and histone deacetylases like sirtuins, which proved capable of diminishing HIV replication rates in infected human macrophages
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20City%20Independent%20School%20District
|
Crystal City Independent School District is an American public school district based in Crystal City, Texas.
In addition to Crystal City, the district also serves the communities of Chula Vista, Amaya and Loma Grande. The school mascot is the peccary (officially the "Javelina").
Schools
Crystal City High School (Grades 9-12)
Sterling Fly Junior High School (Grades 7-8)
Benito Juarez Middle School (Grades 5-6)
Lorenzo de Zavala Elementary School (Grades 2-4)
Tomás Rivera Elementary School (Grades PK-1)
External links
School districts in Zavala County, Texas
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coatomer
|
The coatomer is a protein complex that coats membrane-bound transport vesicles. Two types of coatomers are known:
COPI (retrograde transport from trans-Golgi network to cis-Golgi network and endoplasmic reticulum)
COPII (anterograde transport from ER to the cis-Golgi)
Coatomers are functionally analogous and evolutionarily homologous to clathrin adaptor proteins, also known as adaptins, which regulate endocytosis from the plasma membrane and transport from the trans-Golgi network to lysosomes.
Structure
The coatomer protein complex is made up of seven nonidentical protein subunits. These seven nonidentical protein subunits are part of two protein subcomplexes. The first subcomplex consists of Ret1(α-COP), Sec27(β’-COP), and Sec 28(ε-COP). The second subcomplex consists of Sec26 (β-COP), Sec21 (γ-COP), Ret2(δ-COP), and Ret3 (ζ-COP).
COP I
COPI is a coatomer that coats the vesicles transporting proteins from the Golgi complex to the ER. This pathway is referred to as retrograde transport. Before the COP I protein can coat vesicles on the Golgi membrane, it must interact with a small GTPase called ARF1 (ADP ribosylation factor). ARF1 that is bound to GDP interacts with the golgi complex membrane. Next, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in the golgi complex membrane exchange the GDP bound to ARF1 for GTP. This activates ARF1, allowing it to insert an amphipathic alpha helix into the lipid bilayer of the Golgi complex. Next, the ARF1 protein recruits COP1 to the gol
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylase
|
Glycosylases (EC 3.2) are enzymes that hydrolyze glycosyl compounds. They are a type of hydrolase (EC 3). In turn, glycosylases are divided into two groups: glycosidases—enzymes that hydrolyze O- and S-glycosyl compounds (EC 3.2.1) -- and enzymes that hydrolyze N-glycosyl compounds (EC 3.2.2).
References
EC 3.2
Enzymes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaminoacidemia
|
Hyperaminoacidemia refers to the condition of having an excess of amino acids in the bloodstream. There is evidence that hyperaminoacidemia increases protein synthesis and anabolism.
References
Amino acid metabolism disorders
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rake%20%28cellular%20automaton%29
|
A rake, in the lexicon of cellular automata, is a type of puffer train, which is an automaton that leaves behind a trail of debris. In the case of a rake, however, the debris left behind is a stream of spaceships, which are automata that "travel" by looping through a short series of iterations and end up in a new location after each cycle returns to the original configuration.
In Conway's Game of Life, the discovery of rakes was one of the key components needed to form the breeder, the first known pattern in Life in which the number of live cells exhibits quadratic growth. A breeder is formed by arranging several rakes so that the gliders—the smallest possible spaceships—they generate interact to form a sequence of glider guns, patterns which emit gliders. The emitted gliders fill a growing triangle of the plane of the game. More generally, when a rake exists for a cellular automaton rule (a mathematical function defining the next iteration to be derived from a particular configuration of live and dead cells), one can often construct puffers which leave trails of many other kinds of objects, by colliding the streams of spaceships emitted by multiple rakes moving in parallel. As David Bell writes:
The first rake to be discovered, in the early 1970s, was the "space rake", which moves with speed c/2 (or one unit every two steps), emitting a glider every twenty steps. For Life, rakes are now known that move orthogonally with speeds c/2, c/3, c/4, c/5, 2c/5, 2c/7, c/10 and 17c
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflector%20%28cellular%20automaton%29
|
In cellular automata such as Conway's Game of Life, a reflector is a pattern that can interact with a spaceship to change its direction of motion, without damage to the reflector pattern. In Life, many oscillators can reflect the glider; there also exist stable reflectors composed of still life patterns that, when they interact with a glider, reflect the glider and return to their stable state.
External links
New stable 180-degree glider reflector, Game of Life News, May 30, 2009
New stable 90-degree glider reflector, Game of Life News, May 29, 2013
Cellular automaton patterns
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocarzinostatin
|
Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is a macromolecular chromoprotein enediyne antitumor antibiotic secreted by Streptomyces macromomyceticus.
It consists of two parts, a labile chromophore (the non-protein molecular entity shown at right) and a 113 amino acid protein to which the chromophore is tightly and non-covalently bound with high affinity (Kd ~ 10−10 M). The non-protein component is a very potent DNA-damaging agent; However it is extremely unstable and the role of the protein is to protect it and release it to the target DNA. Opening of the epoxide under reductive conditions present in cells creates favorable conditions for a Bergman cyclization, leading to formation of benzyne, followed by DNA strand cleavage. Another important member of the chromoprotein group of natural products is kedarcidin.
As a medicine it is among the most potent, and in Japan only it has been used against liver cancer clinically.
Biosynthesis of NCS Chromophore
The biosynthesis of neocarzinostatin takes place through a convergence of the activities of a gene cluster, which includes two separate iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS) and deoxy sugar biosynthetic pathways. The first type I PKS gene, NcsE, codes for the enediyne moiety. The second type I PKS gene, NcsB, codes for the naphthoic acid moiety. Additionally, a cluster of NcsC genes are responsible for coding enzymes for the synthesis of the deoxyamino sugar moiety of NCS chromophore. The biosynthesis can be divided into three prelimi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokhlin%27s%20theorem
|
In 4-dimensional topology, a branch of mathematics, Rokhlin's theorem states that if a smooth, orientable, closed 4-manifold M has a spin structure (or, equivalently, the second Stiefel–Whitney class vanishes), then the signature of its intersection form, a quadratic form on the second cohomology group , is divisible by 16. The theorem is named for Vladimir Rokhlin, who proved it in 1952.
Examples
The intersection form on M
is unimodular on by Poincaré duality, and the vanishing of implies that the intersection form is even. By a theorem of Cahit Arf, any even unimodular lattice has signature divisible by 8, so Rokhlin's theorem forces one extra factor of 2 to divide the signature.
A K3 surface is compact, 4 dimensional, and vanishes, and the signature is −16, so 16 is the best possible number in Rokhlin's theorem.
A complex surface in of degree is spin if and only if is even. It has signature , which can be seen from Friedrich Hirzebruch's signature theorem. The case gives back the last example of a K3 surface.
Michael Freedman's E8 manifold is a simply connected compact topological manifold with vanishing and intersection form of signature 8. Rokhlin's theorem implies that this manifold has no smooth structure. This manifold shows that Rokhlin's theorem fails for the set of merely topological (rather than smooth) manifolds.
If the manifold M is simply connected (or more generally if the first homology group has no 2-torsion), then the vanishing of is equivalent
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knudsen%20diffusion
|
In physics, Knudsen diffusion, named after Martin Knudsen, is a means of diffusion that occurs when the scale length of a system is comparable to or smaller than the mean free path of the particles involved. An example of this is in a long pore with a narrow diameter (2–50 nm) because molecules frequently collide with the pore wall. As another example, consider the diffusion of gas molecules through very small capillary pores. If the pore diameter is smaller than the mean free path of the diffusing gas molecules, and the density of the gas is low, the gas molecules collide with the pore walls more frequently than with each other, leading to Knudsen diffusion.
In fluid mechanics, the Knudsen number is a good measure of the relative importance of Knudsen diffusion. A Knudsen number much greater than one indicates Knudsen diffusion is important. In practice, Knudsen diffusion applies only to gases because the mean free path for molecules in the liquid state is very small, typically near the diameter of the molecule itself.
Mathematical description
The diffusivity for Knudsen diffusion is obtained from the self-diffusion coefficient derived from the kinetic theory of gases:
For Knudsen diffusion, path length λ is replaced with pore diameter , as species A is now more likely to collide with the pore wall as opposed with another molecule. The Knudsen diffusivity for diffusing species A, is thus
where is the gas constant (8.3144 J/(mol·K) in SI units), molar mass is expresse
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-logistic%20distribution
|
In probability theory and statistics, the half-logistic distribution is a continuous probability distribution—the distribution of the absolute value of a random variable following the logistic distribution. That is, for
where Y is a logistic random variable, X is a half-logistic random variable.
Specification
Cumulative distribution function
The cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the half-logistic distribution is intimately related to the cdf of the logistic distribution. Formally, if F(k) is the cdf for the logistic distribution, then G(k) = 2F(k) − 1 is the cdf of a half-logistic distribution. Specifically,
Probability density function
Similarly, the probability density function (pdf) of the half-logistic distribution is g(k) = 2f(k) if f(k) is the pdf of the logistic distribution. Explicitly,
References
Continuous distributions
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawano%20language
|
The Palawano languages are spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines, by the Palawano people.
Classification
There are three Palawano languages: the Quezon Palawano (PLC) which is also known as Central Palawano; Brooke's Point Palawano (PLW) and its dialect the Bugsuk Palawano or South Palawano and Southwest Palawano (PLV). The three Palawano languages share the island with several other Palawanic languages which are not part of the Palawano cluster, though they share a fair amount of vocabulary.
Phonology
The following overview is based on Revel-MacDonald (1979).
Consonants
Vowels
Grammar
Verb conjugations are similar to other Filipino dialects with prefixes and suffixes indicating tense, object or actor focus, as well as intention (i.e. commands). These prefixes and suffixes can be used to create various parts of speech from the same root word. For example, biyag, meaning 'life', can be manipulated to mean 'to live' (megbiyag), 'full of food' (mebiyag), 'to raise to life' (ipebiyag), 'living' as an adjective (biyagen), or 'living' as a present tense verb form (pebibiyag).
Palawano creates a diminutive prefix by copying the first CV of the base together with the final base consonant: kusiŋ ('cat'): kuŋ-kusiŋ ('kitten'), bajuʔ ('clothing'): bäʔ-bajuʔ ('child's clothing'), libun ('woman'): lin-libun ('girl'), kunit ('yellow'): kut-kunit ('yellow flycatcher' (bird)), siak ('tears'): sik-siak ('crocodile tears/false tears').
Pronouns
The following set of pr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bear%20%28fairy%20tale%29
|
The Bear is a fairy tale collected by Andrew Lang in The Grey Fairy Book. It is Aarne-Thompson classification system type 510B, unnatural love. Others of this type include Cap O' Rushes, Catskin, Little Cat Skin, Allerleirauh, The King who Wished to Marry His Daughter, The She-Bear, Tattercoats, Mossycoat, The Princess That Wore A Rabbit-Skin Dress, and Donkeyskin, or the legend of Saint Dymphna.
Synopsis
A king
loved his daughter so much that he kept her in her rooms for fear harm would come to her. She complained to her nurse; unbeknownst to her, the nurse was a witch. She told her to get a wheelbarrow and a bearskin from the king. The king gave them to her, the nurse enchanted them, and when the princess put on the skin, it disguised her, and when she got into the wheelbarrow, it took her wherever she wanted to go. She had it take her to a forest.
A prince hunted her, but when she called to him to call off his dogs, he was so astounded that he asked her to come home with him. She agreed and went in the wheelbarrow. His mother was surprised, and more when the bear began to do housework as well as any servant. One day, the prince had to go to a ball given by a neighbouring prince. The bear wanted to go, and he kicked it. When he left, she implored his mother for leave to just go and watch. With it, she went to her wheelbarrow and used the wand to turn her bearskin into a ballgown of moon-beams. At the ball, the prince fell in love with her, but she fled, so she would be
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Palace%20Amusement%20Park
|
Crystal Palace () was an indoor amusement park inside the Crystal Palace Complex adjacent to the Champlain Place shopping mall in the city of Dieppe, New Brunswick, Canada near Moncton.
On July 31, 2014, Cadillac Fairview announced that Crystal Palace would be permanently closing on September 1, 2014, to make way for New Brunswick's first Bass Pro Shops store.
Information
The park was opened on February 15, 1990. In 1998 the Park was purchased by Cadillac Fairview. The Crystal Palace was considered to be one of the largest amusements indoors in the Canadian Provinces. This amusement park was also in the same building as Cineplex Cinemas, the Chapters bookstore, the Starbucks Café and the Ramada Plaza Hotel. This amusement park included 14 rides and an arcade. This amusement park was located on 499 Paul Street Dieppe, New Brunswick, Canada. In 2015 the Bullet roller coaster was relocated to the Shining Waters amusement park in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island. Several other rides were relocated to Moncton's Magic Mountain water park.
Attractions
The Crystal Palace Amusement Park included 14 rides that included:
Carousel
Sky Flyer
Pirate's Cove Mini Golf
Wave Swinger
Convoy
Jumpin' Star
Tree House
Crazy Submarine
Climbing Wall
Rio Grande
Red Baron
Krazy Kars
Bullet
Lazer Runner
Token
Crystal Palace game tokens are 25 mm diameter and brass.
See also
Champlain Place
Dieppe, New Brunswick
Crystal Palace Complex
References
External links
Crystal Palace Official Website
Ra
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination-activating%20gene
|
The recombination-activating genes (RAGs) encode parts of a protein complex that plays important roles in the rearrangement and recombination of the genes encoding immunoglobulin and T cell receptor molecules. There are two recombination-activating genes RAG1 and RAG2, whose cellular expression is restricted to lymphocytes during their developmental stages. The enzymes encoded by these genes, RAG-1 and RAG-2, are essential to the generation of mature B cells and T cells, two types of lymphocyte that are crucial components of the adaptive immune system.
Function
In the vertebrate immune system, each antibody is customized to attack one particular antigen (foreign proteins and carbohydrates) without attacking the body itself. The human genome has at most 30,000 genes, and yet it generates millions of different antibodies, which allows it to be able to respond to invasion from millions of different antigens. The immune system generates this diversity of antibodies by shuffling, cutting and recombining a few hundred genes (the VDJ genes) to create millions of permutations, in a process called V(D)J recombination. RAG-1 and RAG-2 are proteins at the ends of VDJ genes that separate, shuffle, and rejoin the VDJ genes. This shuffling takes place inside B cells and T cells during their maturation.
RAG enzymes work as a multi-subunit complex to induce cleavage of a single double stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule between the antigen receptor coding segment and a flanking recombination s
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFH
|
AFH or afh may refer to:
Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum, a radio technology
Adult foster home, residence for elderly or physically disabled adults
Afrihili language (ISO 639-3 code: afh)
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, a human tumour
Architecture for Humanity, a charitable organization
Action for Happiness, a charity in the United Kingdom
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20P.%20Dempster
|
Arthur Pentland Dempster (born 1929) is a Professor Emeritus in the Harvard University Department of Statistics. He was one of four faculty when the department was founded in 1957.
Biography
Dempster received his B.A. in mathematics and physics (1952) and M.A. in mathematics (1953), both from the University of Toronto. He obtained his Ph.D. in mathematical statistics from Princeton University in 1956. His thesis, titled The two-sample multivariate problem in the degenerate case, was written under the supervision of John Tukey.
Academic works
Among his contributions to statistics are the Dempster–Shafer theory and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm.
Selected publications
Honors and awards
Dempster was a Putnam Fellow in 1951. He was elected as an American Statistical Association Fellow in 1964, an Institute of Mathematical Statistics Fellow in 1963, and an American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow in 1997.
References
External links
Homepage on Harvard University
American statisticians
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Princeton University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Putnam Fellows
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Living people
1929 births
University of Toronto alumni
Mathematical statisticians
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMR
|
LAMR may refer to:
Lamar Advertising Company
Linux, Apache, MySQL, Ruby, LAMP-like software bundle
Laminin receptor, also known as ribosomal protein SA
Los Angeles Metro Rail
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Purcell%20of%20Loughmoe
|
Nicholas Purcell, 13th Baron of Loughmoe (1651 – 4 March 1722) was the son of James Purcell of Loughmoe and the maternal nephew of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde.
A member of the King's Privy Council, Purcell was the right-hand man to Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan. In 1687 Nicholas Purcell raised a troop of horse to support King James II — they were called the "Yellow Horse," probably from the colour of the Regiment's cornets, as was customary for the period. Nicholas fought at the Battle of the Boyne and at the Battle of Aughrim, and was a signatory to the Treaty of Limerick. He did not flee to Europe after Limerick but remained in Ireland to fight for the rights of Roman Catholics.
The Marquis de Ruvigny notes that Nicholas Purcell of Loughmoe was made Baron Loughmore by King James II in 1690. While there is little other evidence to confirm the creation of this peerage, it would enter the ranks of those titles created by the King while in exile.
Early years
Born sometime in 1651, Nicholas Purcell of Loughmoe Castle was the first son of Colonel James Purcell (1609–1652), 12th Baron of Loughmoe Castle, and Elizabeth Butler, daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and Elizabeth, Lady Thurles and sister of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde. The May 1652 Act of Settlement saw Nicholas' father, Colonel James Purcell, a Roman Catholic, lose the Tipperary lands the family had held since 1198. The Colonel was set not to be compensated with land in Connaught, however, a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Lane
|
David Lane may refer to:
Academics
David J. Lane (astronomer) (born 1963), Canadian astronomer at Saint Mary's University
David A. Lane (born 1945), American professor of statistics and economics at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
David C. Lane (born 1956), American professor of philosophy
David Lane (oncologist) (born 1952), British researcher and discoverer of the p53 gene
Entertainment
David Lane (director) (born 1940), British television and film director
David Lane (musician) (born 1981), Australian musician with You Am I
David Ian (David Ian Lane, born 1961), English stage actor and producer
Politics
David Campbell Lane, state legislator in Florida
David J. Lane (ambassador) (born 1960), U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture
David Lane (British politician) (1922–1998), British Conservative Party politician
David Lane (activist) (born c. 1955), American social conservative Christian activist
David Lane (Massachusetts politician) (1927–2020), Massachusetts state representative
Other
David Lane (cricketer) (born 1965), Montserratian cricketer
David Lane (white supremacist) (1938–2007), American white supremacist
David Lane tram stop, a tram stop on the Nottingham Express Transit
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Lane%20%28oncologist%29
|
Sir David Philip Lane (born 1 July 1952) is a British immunologist, molecular biologist and cancer researcher. He is currently working in the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology at the Karolinska Institute and is Chairman of Chugai Pharmabody. He is best known for the discovery of p53, one of the most important tumour suppressor genes.
Education
Lane completed his undergraduate and postgraduate degrees at University College, London where he studied auto-immunity under the supervision of Avrion Mitchison.
Career and research
Lane carried out postdoctoral research first at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) in London with Lionel Crawford and then at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York with Joseph Sambrook. On returning to the UK, Lane set up his own laboratory with Cancer Research Campaign (CRC) funding at Imperial College, London, then moving to the ICRF laboratories at Clare Hall before moving in 1990 to the University of Dundee to help establish the CRC laboratories there.
He has played an active part in UK science, sitting at various times on the scientific committee of the CRC, the Cell Board of the MRC, and on the council of the ICRF. He is dedicated to the successful translation of research for patient benefit and participated in the early discussions around the scientific benefits of the merger of ICRF and CRC, before serving as chief scientist to their successor, Cancer Research UK, until 2010.
Lane founded the Dundee-based Biotechn
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCG
|
GCG may refer to:
Biochemistry
GCG, a codon for the amino acid alanine
Gallocatechin gallate, a flavonol
Proglucagon, a protein
GCG (General Computer Group) was collection of programs for the analysis of gene and protein sequences, now defunct
Medical
Ghost cell glaucoma
Other
Gallantry Cross, Gold of the Republic of Venda
Geological Curators' Group, a UK charity promoting geology
Global Church of God, a Sabbatarian church based in England
Government College Gujranwala, in Pakistan
The Grilled Cheese Grill, an American restaurant chain
Guardian Capital Group, a Canadian financial services company
Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen, a village in Neath Port Talbot, Wales
Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, a Hanoverian order of chivalry
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem%20of%20the%20cube
|
In mathematics, the theorem of the cube is a condition for a line bundle over a product of three complete varieties to be trivial. It was a principle discovered, in the context of linear equivalence, by the Italian school of algebraic geometry. The final version of the theorem of the cube was first published by , who credited it to André Weil. A discussion of the history has been given by . A treatment by means of sheaf cohomology, and description in terms of the Picard functor, was given
by .
Statement
The theorem states that for any complete varieties U, V and W over an algebraically closed field, and given points u, v and w on them, any invertible sheaf L which has a trivial restriction to each of U× V × {w}, U× {v} × W, and {u} × V × W, is itself trivial. (Mumford p. 55; the result there is slightly stronger, in that one of the varieties need not be complete and can be replaced by a connected scheme.)
Special cases
On a ringed space X, an invertible sheaf L is trivial if isomorphic to OX, as an OX-module. If the base X is a complex manifold, then an invertible sheaf is (the sheaf of sections of) a holomorphic line bundle, and trivial means holomorphically equivalent to a trivial bundle, not just topologically equivalent.
Restatement using biextensions
Weil's result has been restated in terms of biextensions, a concept now generally used in the duality theory of abelian varieties.
Theorem of the square
The theorem of the square is a corollary (also due to Weil) appl
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Purcell%20of%20Loughmoe
|
Thomas Purcell, Baron of Loughmoe (1538 – c. 1607) was an Irish nobleman.
Biography
Purcell was a member of the wealthy Purcell family, at the time a family of great import in the area. He was a Catholic.
Purcell, with his family and followers, were among the forces that fought against Desmond troops in Kerry in 1599.
On the last day of the Second Desmond Rebellion, Purcell escaped from the fighting, ending his career in warfare.
Cumha Bharúin Loch Mór
Thomas' greatest legacy is most likely a 1599 harp composition he commissioned to be played at his funeral, titled (). The lament was probably commissioned by Purcell for his impending death.
Purcell had written his last will in March 1597, John Scott composed his lament in 1599, and the Baron eventually died on 3 August 1607.
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Staff notation of Cumha Bharúin Loch Mór / Scott's Lamentation
1538 births
1609 deaths
People from County Tipperary
16th-century Irish people
17th-century Irish people
People of Elizabethan Ireland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20French%20motorcycle%20Grand%20Prix
|
The 2006 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth race of the 2006 Motorcycle Grand Prix season. It took place on the weekend of 19–21 May 2006 at the Le Mans Bugatti circuit.
MotoGP classification
250 cc classification
125 cc classification
Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round five has concluded.
Riders' Championship standings
Constructors' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
References
French motorcycle Grand Prix
French
Motorcycle Grand Prix
French motorcycle Grand Prix
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20silicon%20laser
|
A hybrid silicon laser is a semiconductor laser fabricated from both silicon and group III-V semiconductor materials. The hybrid silicon laser was developed to address the lack of a silicon laser to enable fabrication of low-cost, mass-producible silicon optical devices. The hybrid approach takes advantage of the light-emitting properties of III-V semiconductor materials combined with the process maturity of silicon to fabricate electrically driven lasers on a silicon wafer that can be integrated with other silicon photonic devices.
Physics
A hybrid silicon laser is an optical source that is fabricated from both silicon and group III-V semiconductor materials (e.g. Indium(III) phosphide, Gallium(III) arsenide). It comprises a silicon waveguide fused to an active, light-emitting, III-V epitaxial semiconductor wafer. The III-V epitaxial wafer is designed with different layers such that the active layer can emit light when it is excited either by shining light, e.g. a laser onto it; or by passing electricity through it. The emitted light from the active layer couples into the silicon waveguide due to their close proximity (<130 nm separation) where it can be guided to reflect off mirrors at the end of the silicon waveguide to form the laser cavity.
Fabricate
The silicon laser is fabricated by a technique called plasma assisted wafer bonding. Silicon waveguides are first fabricated on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. This SOI wafer and the un-patterned III-V wafer
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAAA%20battery
|
The AAAA battery (usually read as quadruple-A) is 42.5 mm long and 8.3 mm in diameter. The alkaline cell weighs around 6.5 g and produces 1.5 V. This size battery is also classified as R8D425 (IEC) and 25 (ANSI/NEDA). The alkaline battery in this size is also known by Duracell type number MN2500 or MX2500 and Energizer type number E96.
History
Energizer created the first AAAA battery in 1989, pressured by environmental initiatives to eliminate added mercury in batteries. Now most big battery manufactures (Energizer, Duracell), sell AAAA batteries.
Types
Uses
This battery size is most often used in small devices such as laser pointers, LED penlights, powered computer styluses, glucose meters, and small headphone amplifiers, with Microsoft's Surface Pen the most prominent product taking AAAA batteries. These batteries are not as popular as AAA or AA type batteries, and consequently are not as commonly available.
Some models of alkaline nine-volt battery contain six LR61 cells connected by welded tabs. These cells are similar to AAAA cells and can be used in their place in some devices, even though they are shorter.
See also
Battery (electricity)
Battery nomenclature
Battery recycling
List of battery types
References
External links
Technical drawing of AAAA alkaline battery, based on ANSI specifications
Battery shapes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool%20for%20Cats%20%28TV%20series%29
|
Cool for Cats was one of the first shows on British TV to feature music for a teenage audience. It was produced by Associated Rediffusion, part of the ITV network, and ran from December 1956 to February 1961.
The show was presented by Kent Walton. It lasted 15 minutes. Discs were played and then commented upon. Sometimes The Dougie Squires Dancers, which included the then unknown Una Stubbs, performed dance routines to the music, and sometimes Tony Hart would draw a relevant cartoon while the record played. The programme was originally broadcast on Mondays at 7:15 pm and later moved to Thursdays. Owing to its success, it was a twice-weekly show (the second a repeat), later expanding to half an hour. The show's initiator was director Joan-Kemp Welch, the drama innovator, and the first—and the show's longest-running—choreographer was Dougie Squires.
Kent Walton took the title from a show of the same name he hosted on Radio Luxembourg.
External links
The TV Rock n' Roll Years at Whirlygig TV
Music in Bradford 1956 at the Bradford time line
Something about Una Independent on Sunday, 22 February 2004
1956 British television series debuts
1961 British television series endings
1950s British music television series
1960s British music television series
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Moore%20%28journalist%29
|
Frank Moore (1828–1904)
was an American journalist and compiler, a brother of George Henry Moore. He was born in Concord, New Hampshire, but removed to New York City and became a journalist and general writer. In 1869-72 he was Assistant Secretary of Legation in Paris. He edited:
Songs and Ballads of the American Revolution (1856)
Cyclopedia of American Eloquence (1857)
Diary of the American Revolution (two volumes, 1860)
The Rebellion Record (twelve volumes, 1861-68), a collection of original material bearing on the Civil War
The Patriot Preachers of the American Revolution (1862)
Lyrics of Loyalty (1864)
Songs of the Soldiers (New York: George P. Putnam, 1864)
Confederate Rhymes and Rhapsodies (1864)
Personal and Political Ballads (1864)
Speeches of Andrew Johnson (1865)
Life and Speeches of John Bright (1865)
Anecdotes, Poetry, and Incidents of the War: North and South: 1860-1865 (1866)
Women in the War, 1861-66 (1866)
Songs and Ballads of the Southern People, 1861-65 (1887)
The Civil War in Song and Story, 1860-1865 (New York: P. F. Collier, 1889)
The Rebellion Record
Twelve volumes reporting on the American Civil War were published by David Van Nostrand. Each volume contains a diary of events, documents and narratives, and poetry. Most are now available from Internet Archive:
First Volume: Introductory address by Edward Everett, Volume 1 (1861)
Second Volume: Volume 2
Third Volume: Volume 3
Fourth Volume: Volume 4
Fifth Volume: Volume 5
Eighth
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-bias%20temperature%20instability
|
Negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a key reliability issue in MOSFETs, a type of transistor aging. NBTI manifests as an increase in the threshold voltage and consequent decrease in drain current and transconductance of a MOSFET. The degradation is often approximated by a power-law dependence on time. It is of immediate concern in p-channel MOS devices (pMOS), since they almost always operate with negative gate-to-source voltage; however, the very same mechanism also affects nMOS transistors when biased in the accumulation regime, i.e. with a negative bias applied to the gate.
More specifically, over time positive charges become trapped at the oxide-semiconductor boundary underneath the gate of a MOSFET. These positive charges partially cancel the negative gate voltage without contributing to conduction through the channel as electron holes in the semiconductor are supposed to. When the gate voltage is removed, the trapped charges dissipate over a time scale of milliseconds to hours. The problem has become more acute as transistors have shrunk, as there is less averaging of the effect over a large gate area. Thus, different transistors experience different amounts of NBTI, defeating standard circuit design techniques for tolerating manufacturing variability which depend on the close matching of adjacent transistors.
NBTI has become significant for portable electronics because it interacts badly with two common power-saving techniques: reduced operating volta
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Bell%20House
|
The Isaac Bell House is a historic house and National Historic Landmark at 70 Perry Street (at the corner with Bellevue Avenue) in Newport, Rhode Island. Also known as Edna Villa, it is one of the outstanding examples of Shingle Style architecture in the United States. It was designed by McKim, Mead, and White, and built during the Gilded Age, when Newport was the summer resort of choice for some of America's wealthiest families.
History
Isaac Bell Jr. was a successful cotton broker and investor, and the brother-in-law of James Gordon Bennett Jr., publisher of the New York Herald. Bell hired the New York architectural firm of McKim, Mead, and White (Charles Follen McKim, William R. Mead, and Stanford White) to design his summer cottage. Known in Newport for designing Newport Casino, and later in Boston for designing Boston Public Library, they also designed Pennsylvania Station in New York City. Construction took place between 1881 and 1883.
Shingle Style was pioneered by Henry Hobson Richardson in his design for the William Watts Sherman House, also in Newport. This style of Victorian architecture, featuring the extensive use of wooden shingles on the exterior, acquired some popularity in the late nineteenth century. The Isaac Bell House exemplifies this through its unpainted wood shingles, simple window and trim detail, and multiple porches. It combines elements of the English Arts and Crafts movement philosophy, colonial American detailing, and features a Japanese-
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabra
|
Leabra stands for local, error-driven and associative, biologically realistic algorithm. It is a model of learning which is a balance between Hebbian and error-driven learning with other network-derived characteristics. This model is used to mathematically predict outcomes based on inputs and previous learning influences. This model is heavily influenced by and contributes to neural network designs and models. This algorithm is the default algorithm in emergent (successor of PDP++) when making a new project, and is extensively used in various simulations.
Hebbian learning is performed using conditional principal components analysis (CPCA) algorithm with correction factor for sparse expected activity levels.
Error-driven learning is performed using GeneRec, which is a generalization of the recirculation algorithm, and approximates Almeida–Pineda recurrent backpropagation. The symmetric, midpoint version of GeneRec is used, which is equivalent to the contrastive Hebbian learning algorithm (CHL). See O'Reilly (1996; Neural Computation) for more details.
The activation function is a point-neuron approximation with both discrete spiking and continuous rate-code output.
Layer or unit-group level inhibition can be computed directly using a k-winners-take-all (KWTA) function, producing sparse distributed representations.
The net input is computed as an average, not a sum, over connections, based on normalized, sigmoidally transformed weight values, which are subject to scaling
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical%20ganglia
|
The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic nerves from the thoracic spinal cord enter into the cervical ganglions and synapse with its postganglionic fibers or nerves. The cervical ganglion has three paravertebral ganglia:
superior cervical ganglion (largest) – adjacent to C2 & C3; postganglionic axon projects to target: (heart, head, neck) via "hitchhiking" on the carotid arteries
middle cervical ganglion (smallest) – adjacent to C6; target: heart, neck
inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. – adjacent to C7; target: heart, lower neck, arm, posterior cranial arteries
Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things.
Unlike all other ganglia, the medial branches of the cervical ganglia are 95% postganglionic axons.
Additional images
References
External links
– "The Sympathetic Trunk and Cervical Ganglia"
http://www.instantanatomy.net/headneck/nerves/autonomic/cervicalgangliaconnections.html
http://www.instantanatomy.net/headneck/nerves/autonomic/cervicalganglianeck.html
Autonomic ganglia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Kilmer-Purcell
|
Josh Kilmer-Purcell (born August 28, 1969) is an American writer, businessperson, and television personality. In addition to his New York Times and National Bestselling memoirs, his life has been documented in the television reality show The Fabulous Beekman Boys with his husband, Brent Ridge. He has written articles for NPR, Huffington Post, Publishers Weekly, AdWeek, OUT Magazine & others. The pair also participated in the 21st season of The Amazing Race, ultimately becoming the season's grand prize winners.
Television
In 2010, Discovery Network's Planet Green channel debuted a reality television series about Kilmer-Purcell and Ridge, titled The Fabulous Beekman Boys. The series documents their relationship and lives as farmers in upstate New York as they build a green lifestyle company together. The President and General Manager of Planet Green declared it the "No. 1 original series" on the network. In 2012, Cooking Channel acquired rights to the program, and began airing the second season.
On March 10, 2010, Bravo television network announced a development deal with Darren Star to produce I Am Not Myself These Days as a scripted television series based on Kilmer-Purcell's bestselling memoir of the same name.
Writer
Kilmer-Purcell has written or co-written six books, including two bestselling memoirs, a novel, and four cookbooks.
I Am Not Myself These Days: A Memoir, Harper Perennial, 2006, Memoir. Kilmer-Purcell's first memoir is a tragicomic account of his early days
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogle%20Zoo
|
Utah's Hogle Zoo is a zoo located in Salt Lake City, Utah. It houses animals from diverse ecosystems. It is located at the mouth of Emigration Canyon. Hogle (pronounced "ho-gul") is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).
History
The zoo has been at its present location at the mouth of Emigration Canyon since 1931 on land donated by Mr. and Mrs. James A. Hogle. Its original location was in Salt Lake City's Liberty Park. In 1916, the zoo purchased Princess Alice, an elephant, from a traveling circus. She gave birth to the first elephant born in Utah. His name was Prince Utah and he died at eleven months old. Current exhibits include various birds, mammals, and reptiles from around the world.
Affiliations
Hogle Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Only ten percent of the United States' zoos are accredited by the AZA. As part of the AZA, Hogle Zoo must abide by strict husbandry, education, and guest service requirements. The organization sets standards for exhibit designs that all new exhibits must adhere too. The association manages the majority of accredited zoo's collection through Taxon Advisory Groups. Animals are strictly only moved within other AZA locations or through programs with European accredited facilities. Every four years, members from the AZA visit Utah's Hogle Zoo to ensure their expectations are being met. Hogle Zoo is currently accredited throug
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelli%E2%80%93Hobson%20test
|
In mathematics, the Tonelli–Hobson test gives sufficient criteria for a function ƒ on R2 to be an integrable function. It is often used to establish that Fubini's theorem may be applied to ƒ. It is named for Leonida Tonelli and E. W. Hobson.
More precisely, the Tonelli–Hobson test states that if ƒ is a real-valued measurable function on R2, and either of the two iterated integrals
or
is finite, then ƒ is Lebesgue-integrable on R2.
Integral calculus
Theorems in analysis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defcon%20Robot%20Contest
|
The Defcon Robot Contest was a robotics competition which was held at the annual Defcon computer security conference in Las Vegas.
History
Defcon 12 (2004)
The first competition was held at Defcon 11 in 2003. The objective was to transport ping pong balls from one corner of an arena to the other. Only Irvine Underground entered a team and they were able to successfully complete the task.
Defcon 13 (2005)
The task this year was to first follow a line around a maze, scooping up ping pong balls along the way, then fire them at cans on a wall at one end of the arena. Two teams entered this year, with the team from Florida winning.
Defcon 14: (2006)
Since the previous contests proved to be too expensive, the Defcon 14 rules were changed to make it easier for the smaller teams to compete. The requirement for battery power was dropped, but the requirement to be fully autonomous was enforced. The goal was to shoot down 1, 2, and 3 inch white targets from 10 feet away. 6 teams entered and all teams were able to shoot down many targets. Team Octopi, a team of four computer science and computer engineering students from The University of Utah won the contest. They shot down 28 targets in 37 seconds.
Defcon 15: (2007)
This year's task was very similar to Defcon 14, with only minor changes. The main change was that targets were no longer infrared (so no special IR camera was required). Also, to make it more exciting, the format was changed from timed match to head-to-head match (doub
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermomagnetic%20convection
|
Ferrofluids can be used to transfer heat, since heat and mass transport in such magnetic fluids can be controlled using an external magnetic field.
B. A. Finlayson first explained in 1970 (in his paper "Convective instability of ferromagnetic fluids", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 40:753-767) how an external magnetic field imposed on a ferrofluid with varying magnetic susceptibility, e.g., due to a temperature gradient, results in a nonuniform magnetic body force, which leads to thermomagnetic convection. This form of heat transfer can be useful for cases where conventional convection fails to provide adequate heat transfer, e.g., in miniature microscale devices or under reduced gravity conditions.
Ozoe group has studied thermomagnetic convection both experimentally and numerically. They showed how to enhance, suppress and invert the convection modes. They have also carried out scaling analysis for paramagnetic fluids in microgravity conditions.
A comprehensive review of thermomagnetic convection (in A. Mukhopadhyay, R. Ganguly, S. Sen, and I. K. Puri, "Scaling analysis to characterize thermomagnetic convection", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48:3485-3492, (2005)) also shows that this form of convection can be correlated with a dimensionless magnetic Rayleigh number. Subsequently, this group explained that fluid motion occurs due to the presence of a Kelvin body force that has two terms. The first term can be treated as a magnetostatic pressure, while the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interosseous%20membrane%20of%20leg
|
The interosseous membrane of the leg (middle tibiofibular ligament) extends between the interosseous crests of the tibia and fibula, helps stabilize the Tib-Fib relationship and separates the muscles on the front from those on the back of the leg.
It consists of a thin, aponeurotic joint lamina composed of oblique fibers, which for the most part run downward and lateralward; some few fibers, however, pass in the opposite direction.
It is broader above than below. Its upper margin does not quite reach the tibiofibular joint, but presents a free concave border, above which is a large, oval aperture for the passage of the anterior tibial vessels to the front of the leg.
In its lower part is an opening for the passage of the anterior peroneal vessels.
It is continuous below with the interosseous ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, and presents numerous perforations for the passage of small vessels.
It is in relation, in front, with the Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis proprius, Peronæus tertius, and the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve; behind, with the Tibialis posterior and Flexor hallucis longus.
Additional images
References
External links
Diagrams at massagetherapy.com
Lower limb anatomy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemojuvelin
|
Hemojuvelin (HJV), also known as repulsive guidance molecule C (RGMc) or hemochromatosis type 2 protein (HFE2), is a membrane-bound and soluble protein in mammals that is responsible for the iron overload condition known as juvenile hemochromatosis in humans, a severe form of hemochromatosis. In humans, the hemojuvelin protein is encoded by the HFE2 gene. Hemojuvelin is a member of the repulsive guidance molecule family of proteins. Both RGMa and RGMb are found in the nervous system, while hemojuvelin is found in skeletal muscle and the liver.
Function
For many years the signal transduction pathways that regulate systemic iron homeostasis have been unknown. However it has been demonstrated that hemojuvelin interacts with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), possibly as a co-receptor, and may signal via the SMAD pathway to regulate hepcidin expression. Associations with BMP2 and BMP4 have been described.
Mouse HJV knock-out models confirmed that HJV is the gene responsible for juvenile hemochromatosis. Hepcidin levels in the liver are dramatically depressed in these knockout animals.
A soluble form of HJV may be a molecule that suppresses hepcidin expression.
RGMs may play inhibitory roles in prostate cancer by suppressing cell growth, adhesion, migration and invasion. RGMs can coordinate Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signalling of BMPs in prostate cancer and breast cancer cells. Furthermore, aberrant expression of RGMs was indicated in breast cancer. The perturb
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton%2C%20South%20Australia
|
Hilton is an inner western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of West Torrens, for which it is the council seat.
History
The Kaurna people occupied the land of the present suburb, before British colonisation of South Australia in 1836.
The land now covering the suburb of Hilton was received by Matthew Davenport Hill in 1839. About ten years later, The "Village of Hilton" was laid out by his attorney, George Milner Stephen.
The 1935 West Torrens Council Chambers are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.
Geography
Hilton is a rectangular suburb, lying across Sir Donald Bradman Drive.
Demographics
In the 2021 Australian census, there were 908 people in Hilton. Of these, 59.7% of people were born in Australia and 58.5% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were "No Religion" at 38.4%, and Catholic at 15.2%.
Media
The local newspaper was the Weekly Times Messenger. Other regional and national newspapers such as The Advertiser and The Australian are also available.
Facilities and attractions
The West Torrens Civic Centre (council offices) are on the corner of Sir Donald Bradman Drive and Brooker Terrace. The Hamra Centre Library is located next door.
Hilton Plaza shopping centre is located on the corner of Sir Donald Bradman Drive and Bagot Avenue.
The Hilton RSL has served the public since 1930 and overseas a large annual ANZAC Day dawn service.
Star Theatres
The Star Theatres One and Two a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McBrayer
|
Jack McBrayer (; born May 27, 1973) is an American actor and comedian. He gained national exposure for his portrayal of characters on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and as Kenneth Parcell in 30 Rock. For his role in 30 Rock he was nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards. He has also had many voice acting roles. During his time at The Walt Disney Company, he voiced the character Fix-It Felix in the 2012 film Wreck-It Ralph and later its 2018 sequel, as well as the title character Wander in Wander Over Yonder. McBrayer has recurring roles in Phineas and Ferb, Puppy Dog Pals, Amphibia, The Middle and in the Netflix series Big Mouth. He appeared in The Big Bang Theory on the Season 10 premiere episode as Penny’s older brother, Randall. He also appeared on the Odd Squad Movie (2016) as Weird Tom.
For his episode role in Your Pretty Face is Going to Hell, he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series nomination.
Jack McBrayer co-created and stars in the Apple TV+ series Hello, Jack! The Kindness Show, which premiered on November 5, 2021.
Early life
McBrayer was born in Macon, Georgia, and moved to Conyers, Georgia when he was 15. He attended Heritage High School and studied theater administration at the University of Evansville. At the age of 18, he had a pneumothorax. He states that it felt like a heart attack and it was one of the worst pains of his
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voutilainen
|
Voutilainen is a Finnish surname.
Geographical distribution
As of 2014, 94.7% of all known bearers of the surname Voutilainen were residents of Finland (frequency 1:1,292), 1.8% of Sweden (1:123,084) and 1.7% of Australia (1:304,793).
In Finland, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:1,292) in the following regions:
1. Northern Savonia (1:220)
2. North Karelia (1:321)
3. Southern Savonia (1:1,076)
4. South Karelia (1:1,158)
People
Janne Voutilainen, Canadian trade unionist. See Rosvall and Voutilainen
Jukka Voutilainen, Finnish ice hockey player
Laura Voutilainen, Finnish singer
Kari Voutilainen, Switzerland-based watchmaker
References
Finnish-language surnames
Surnames of Finnish origin
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Longbourne%20Callendar
|
Hugh Longbourne Callendar (18 April 1863 – 21 January 1930) was a British physicist known for his contributions to the areas of thermometry and thermodynamics.
Callendar was the first to design and build an accurate platinum resistance thermometer suitable for use, which allowed scientists and engineers to obtain consistent and accurate results. He conducted experiments and researched thermodynamics, producing and publishing reliable tables on the thermodynamic properties of steam used for calculations. Callendar worked with multiple institutions during World War I, helping to research and develop useful tools for the Navy.
Callendar received awards such as the James Watt Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers (1898) and the Rumford Medal (1906). He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society, and later a member of the Physical Society of London. Callendar was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics three times.
He died at home in Ealing, after an operation in 1930.
Birth & education
Callendar was born in Hatherop, Gloucestershire as the eldest son of the Reverend Hugh Callendar, a local Anglican rector, and Anne Cecilia Longbourne. He was christened in his father’s church on May 24, 1863. His father died in 1867. Callendar developed his skills in languages and mathematics from a young age with assistance from a private tutor, building multiple devices such as induction coils and generators, and teaching himself Morse code by age 10. At age 11, Callendar beg
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%202991
|
The IBM 2991 Blood Cell Processor was a blood cell washer developed by IBM Systems Development Division in Endicott, New York. It was first marketed by IBM Systems Supplies Division (SSD) in 1972. The processor washed fresh blood or frozen, thawed blood. In the case of frozen, thawed blood, the blood was washed to remove the cryogenic agent, typically, glycerol.
History and development
In 1964, IBM received a grant from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This was a result of an IBM engineer, George T. Judson, requesting to work on a continuous-flow blood centrifuge. He had observed the need for such a machine when visiting NCI in 1962 after his son was diagnosed with leukemia. As a result of this work, IBM developed the NCI-IBM Blood Cell Separator which was announced in 1965. At that announcement, Judson and his co-worker Alan Jones were approached by Dr. James R. Pert, Director of the American Red Cross Blood Research program in Washington, D.C. He told them of the need for a machine to separate packed red cells from glycerol. The glycerol is added to the red cells to protect the cells during freezing. The processor was announced in September 1972 at the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) in Washington, D.C.
Up until the 1970s, SSD had been at the heart of IBM, for it had produced the millions of punch cards that had been extremely profitable for IBM for more than four decades. By the 1970s business was declining, as IB
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%202997
|
The earliest roots of IBM's development of the IBM 2997 Blood cell Separator lay in the personal tragedy of one of IBM's development engineers, George Judson. In 1962, Judson's son, Tom, was diagnosed with leukemia. His physician was able to have Tom admitted to the Clinical Center of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). On admission, they showed Judson a procedure to remove white blood cells from a patient. It was laborious. They would remove two units (450 ml) of blood, spin them in a bucket centrifuge, express the plasma into a satellite bag, and the white cells into another satellite bag. The packed red cells and the plasma would be recombined and administered to the patient. This would be repeated over and over. Judson, being an engineer, suggested that this could be done on a continuous-flow basis. He was sent to see Dr. Emil J. Freireich who expressed enthusiasm for the project. Judson returned to IBM and asked for a year's leave of absence to work on his ideas. IBM gave him the one-year leave with pay and provided engineering assistance.
Judson's work led to the development of the NCI Blood Cell Separator and later to the IBM 2990 Blood Cell Separator which could harvest white blood cells from blood donors, to support leukemia patients to keep them alive. The subsequent development of the machine as the IBM 2997, essentially a continuous centrifuge which separated the blood into red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGDC
|
OGDC may refer to:
Oil and Gas Development Company Limited of Pakistan
Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, an enzyme complex
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankinson%27s%20equation
|
Hankinson's equation (also called Hankinson's formula or Hankinson's criterion) is a mathematical relationship for predicting the off-axis uniaxial compressive strength of wood. The formula can also be used to compute the fiber stress or the stress wave velocity at the elastic limit as a function of grain angle in wood. For a wood that has uniaxial compressive strengths of parallel to the grain and perpendicular to the grain, Hankinson's equation predicts that the uniaxial compressive strength of the wood in a direction at an angle to the grain is given by
Even though the original relation was based on studies of spruce, Hankinson's equation has been found to be remarkably accurate for many other types of wood. A generalized form of the Hankinson formula has also been used for predicting the uniaxial tensile strength of wood at an angle to the grain. This formula has the form
where the exponent can take values between 1.5 and 2.
The stress wave velocity at angle to the grain at the elastic limit can similarly be obtained from the Hankinson formula
where is the velocity parallel to the grain, is the velocity perpendicular to the grain and is the grain angle.
See also
Material failure theory
Linear elasticity
Hooke's law
Orthotropic material
Transverse isotropy
References
Materials science
Solid mechanics
Equations
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%205%20%28motorsport%29
|
Group 5 was an FIA motor racing classification which was applied to four distinct categories during the years 1966 to 1982. Initially Group 5 regulations defined a Special Touring Car category and from 1970 to 1971 the classification was applied to limited production Sports Cars restricted to 5 litre engine capacity. The Group 5 Sports Car category was redefined in 1972 to exclude the minimum production requirement and limit engine capacity to 3 litres. From 1976 to 1982 Group 5 was for Special Production Cars, a liberal silhouette formula based on homologated production vehicles.
1st Generation Group 5 – "Special Touring Cars" (1966 to 1969)
In 1966 the FIA introduced a number of new racing categories including one for highly modified touring cars, officially known as Group 5 Special Touring Cars. The regulations permitted vehicle modifications beyond those allowed in the concurrent Group 1 and Group 2 Touring Car categories. Group 5 regulations were adopted for the British Saloon Car Championship from 1966 and for the European Touring Car Championship from 1968.
The Special Touring Cars category was discontinued after the 1969 season.
2nd Generation Group 5 - "Sports Cars" (1970 to 1971)
For the 1970 season, the FIA applied the Group 5 classification to the Sports Car class which had previously been known as Group 4 Sports Cars. The minimum production requirement remained at 25 and the engine capacity maximum at 5 litres as had applied in the superseded Group 4.
Group 5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous%20diffusion
|
Anomalous diffusion is a diffusion process with a non-linear relationship between the mean squared displacement (MSD), , and time. This behavior is in stark contrast to Brownian motion, the typical diffusion process described by Einstein and Smoluchowski, where the MSD is linear in time (namely, with d being the number of dimensions and D the diffusion coefficient).
It has been found that equations describing normal diffusion are not capable of characterizing some complex diffusion processes, for instance, diffusion process in inhomogeneous or heterogeneous medium, e.g. porous media. Fractional diffusion equations were introduced in order to characterize anomalous diffusion phenomena.
Examples of anomalous diffusion in nature have been observed in ultra-cold atoms, harmonic spring-mass systems, scalar mixing in the interstellar medium, telomeres in the nucleus of cells, ion channels in the plasma membrane, colloidal particle in the cytoplasm, moisture transport in cement-based materials, and worm-like micellar solutions.
Classes of anomalous diffusion
Unlike typical diffusion, anomalous diffusion is described by a power law, where is the so-called generalized diffusion coefficient and is the elapsed time. The classes of anomalous diffusions are classified as follows:
α < 1: subdiffusion. This can happen due to crowding or walls. For example, a random walker in a crowded room, or in a maze, is able to move as usual for small random steps, but cannot take large rando
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellogenesis
|
Vitellogenesis is the process of yolk protein formation in the oocytes of non mammalian vertebrates during sexual maturation. The term vitellogenesis comes from the Latin vitellus ("egg yolk"). Yolk proteins, such as Lipovitellin and Phosvitin, provides maturing oocytes with the metabolic energy required for development. Vitellogenins are the precursor proteins that lead to yolk protein accumulation in the oocyte. Estrogen and vitellogenin production have a positive correlation. When estrogen production in the ovary is increased via the activation of the hypothalmo-pituitary axis it leads to heightened vitellogenin production in the liver. Vitellogenin production in the liver is the first step of vitellogenesis. Once Vitellogenins are released into the blood stream where they are then transported to the growing oocyte where they lead to yolk protein production. The transport of vitellogenins into the maturing oocyte is done via receptor mediated endocytosis which is a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Yolk is a lipoprotein composed of proteins, phospholipids and neutral fats along with a small amount of glycogen. The yolk is synthesised in the liver of the female parent in soluble form. Through circulation it is transported to the follicle cells that surround the maturing ovum, and is deposited in the form of yolk platelets and granules in the ooplasm. The mitochondria and Golgi complex are said to bring about the conversion of the soluble form of yolk into insoluble g
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-Methylamino-L-alanine
|
{{DISPLAYTITLE:β-Methylamino-L-alanine}}
β-Methylamino--alanine, or BMAA, is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria. BMAA is a neurotoxin. Its potential role in various neurodegenerative disorders is the subject of scientific research.
Structure and properties
BMAA is a derivative of the amino acid alanine with a methylamino group on the side chain. This non-proteinogenic amino acid is classified as a polar base.
Sources and detection
BMAA is produced by cyanobacteria in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. In cultured non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, BMAA production increases in a nitrogen-depleted medium. The biosynthetic pathway in cyanobacteria is unknown, but involvement of BMAA and its structural analog 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid (2,4-DAB) in environmental iron scavenging has been hypothesized. BMAA has been found in aquatic organisms and in plants with cyanobacterial symbionts such as certain lichens, the floating fern Azolla, the leaf petioles of the tropical flowering plant Gunnera, cycads as well as in animals that eat the fleshy covering of cycad seeds, including flying foxes.
High concentrations of BMAA are present in shark fins. Because BMAA is a neurotoxin, consumption of shark fin soup and cartilage pills therefore may pose a health risk. The toxin can be detected via several laboratory methods, including liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, amino acid analyzer, capillary electro
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAIT%20%28AM%29
|
WAIT (850 kHz) was an AM radio station licensed to Crystal Lake, Illinois, and serving the Chicago metropolitan area. It was licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as a Class D station and broadcast only during daytime hours, signing off at sunset to protect KOA in Denver, the clear-channel station on 850 kHz.
The station had a highly directional pattern, with nulls to the northeast and southwest, to protect WGVS in Muskegon, Michigan, and KFUO in Clayton, Missouri. Because of its northwest suburban location and directional pattern, WAIT could be heard in Rockford, Illinois and Janesville, Wisconsin in addition to the Chicago media market.
History
WCLR
The station began broadcasting on October 1, 1965, holding the call sign WCLR, which stood for "Crystal Lake Radio". The station originally ran 500 watts during daytime hours only. The station was owned by George DeBeer, Lynn Renne, and Art Thorsen. The station aired easy listening music, along with local news and high school football games.
WIVS
In 1969, the station was purchased by Mal Bellairs, a WBBM personality, for $350,000. Bellairs changed the station's call letters to WIVS, standing for "wives", reflecting the station's programming aimed at housewives. Under Bellairs ownership, the station aired middle of the road (MOR) music, as well as talk, cooking, gardening, and sports programming. In 1981, Bellairs sold the station, along with 105.5 WXRD in Woodstock, to Katy Communications for $838,000.
Mal
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtosis%20risk
|
In statistics and decision theory, kurtosis risk is the risk that results when a statistical model assumes the normal distribution, but is applied to observations that have a tendency to occasionally be much farther (in terms of number of standard deviations) from the average than is expected for a normal distribution.
Overview
Kurtosis risk applies to any kurtosis-related quantitative model that assumes the normal distribution for certain of its independent variables when the latter may in fact have kurtosis much greater than does the normal distribution. Kurtosis risk is commonly referred to as "fat tail" risk. The "fat tail" metaphor explicitly describes the situation of having more observations at either extreme than the tails of the normal distribution would suggest; therefore, the tails are "fatter".
Ignoring kurtosis risk will cause any model to understate the risk of variables with high kurtosis. For instance, Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund cofounded by Myron Scholes, ignored kurtosis risk to its detriment. After four successful years, this hedge fund had to be bailed out by major investment banks in the late 1990s because it understated the kurtosis of many financial securities underlying the fund's own trading positions.
Research by Mandelbrot
Benoit Mandelbrot, a French mathematician, extensively researched this issue. He felt that the extensive reliance on the normal distribution for much of the body of modern finance and investment theory is a seri
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Purcell
|
Robert W. Purcell (1912–1991) was an American businessman and philanthropist, having served as financial advisor to the Rockefeller Family from 1955 to 1979 and as chairman of the board of trustees of Cornell University from 1968 to 1978. During his tenure as Chair, two different Presidents, James A. Perkins and Dale Corson, resigned. However, his tenure as Chair also marked expanded minority enrollment, the founding of the Africana Studies and Research Center, and adding five student members to the Board of Trustees. Purcell also served on a number of corporate boards and had a noted role in Bendix Corporation's 1982 attempt to acquire Martin Marietta.
Early life
Purcell was born in Watertown, New York in 1912. He graduated from Cornell University in 1932, being elected during his last year into the Sphinx Head Society. Purcell then graduated from the Cornell Law School in 1935.
The North Campus student union at Cornell, built in 1971, was named for Purcell in 1982.
References
1912 births
1991 deaths
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Cornell University alumni
People from Watertown, New York
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Idiot%20Weekly%2C%20Price%202d
|
The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d was the first real attempt to translate the humour of The Goon Show to television. It was made by Associated-Rediffusion during 1956 and was broadcast only in the London area.
It combined elements of a sitcom and sketch comedy with Peter Sellers as the editor of a tatty Victorian newspaper, The Idiot Weekly. The headlines of the paper were used as links to comedy sketches.
Although written mainly by Spike Milligan, there were many contributions from members of Associated London Scripts, the writers' co-operative, including Dave Freeman and Terry Nation. Eric Sykes was credited as the script editor. The series was produced and directed by Richard Lester.
It was followed by A Show Called Fred and Son of Fred. The title was revived by Spike Milligan for his Australian radio series The Idiot Weekly which ran from 1958.
References
External links
BBC Comedy Guide - The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d
1956 British television series debuts
1956 British television series endings
1950s British comedy television series
British surreal comedy television series
ITV comedy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation%20%28statistics%29
|
In statistics, a mediation model seeks to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as a mediator variable (also a mediating variable, intermediary variable, or intervening variable). Rather than a direct causal relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, a mediation model proposes that the independent variable influences the mediator variable, which in turn influences the dependent variable. Thus, the mediator variable serves to clarify the nature of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Mediation analyses are employed to understand a known relationship by exploring the underlying mechanism or process by which one variable influences another variable through a mediator variable. In particular, mediation analysis can contribute to better understanding the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable when these variables do not have an obvious direct connection.
Baron and Kenny's (1986) steps for mediation analysis
Baron and Kenny (1986) laid out several requirements that must be met to form a true mediation relationship. They are outlined below using a real-world example. See the diagram above for a visual representation of the overall mediating relationship to be explained. Note: Hayes (2009) critiqued Baron and Kenny's mediation steps
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%20of%20Fred
|
Son of Fred was the successor series to The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d and A Show Called Fred. It was made by Associated-Rediffusion and broadcast only in the London area, Midlands and Northern England.
It was the third and final in a series of sketch comedy shows attempting to translate the humour of The Goon Show to television. Spike Milligan concentrated on writing and only made small walk on appearances, leaving the lead acting to Peter Sellers. The series was produced and directed by Richard Lester.
Impact on comedy and culture
The minimalist format, with little or no scenery and few props, sketches without any real purpose or punch line, and mixing live action and short animations directly influenced the format of Monty Python's Flying Circus. The unconventional format was revived in Spike Milligan's Q series more than a decade later.
A half hour special Best of Fred was broadcast on 18 September 1963 combining surviving sketches from A Show Called Fred and Son of Fred.
The 1997 convention of the Goon Show Preservation Society was billed as Son of a Weekend Called Fred.
Archive status
The show is believed lost, with the exception of the first episode, which is available to stream on BFI Player.
Footnotes
1956 British television series debuts
1956 British television series endings
1950s British television sketch shows
British surreal comedy television series
ITV sketch shows
Lost television shows
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%20tetrafluoroborate
|
Lithium tetrafluoroborate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiBF4. It is a white crystalline powder. It has been extensively tested for use in commercial secondary batteries, an application that exploits its high solubility in nonpolar solvents.
Applications
Although BF4− has high ionic mobility, solutions of its Li+ salt are less conductive than other less associated salts. As an electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries, LiBF4 offers some advantages relative to the more common LiPF6. It exhibits greater thermal stability and moisture tolerance. For example, LiBF4 can tolerate a moisture content up to 620 ppm at room temperature whereas LiPF6 readily hydrolyzes into toxic POF3 and HF gases, often destroying the battery's electrode materials. Disadvantages of the electrolyte include a relatively low conductivity and difficulties forming a stable solid electrolyte interface with graphite electrodes.
Thermal stability
Because LiBF4 and other alkali-metal salts thermally decompose to evolve boron trifluoride, the salt is commonly used as a convenient source of the chemical at the laboratory scale:
LiBF4 → LiF + BF3
Production
LiBF4 is a byproduct in the industrial synthesis of diborane:
8 BF3 + 6 LiH → B2H6 + 6 LiBF4
LiBF4 can also be synthesized from LiF and BF3 in an appropriate solvent that is resistant to fluorination by BF3 (e.g. HF, BrF3, or liquified SO2):
LiF + BF3 → LiBF4
References
Tetrafluoroborates
Lithium salts
Electrolytes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiphysin
|
Amphiphysin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMPH gene.
Function
This gene encodes a protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. A subset of patients with stiff person syndrome who were also affected by breast cancer are positive for autoantibodies against this protein. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described, but their full length sequences have not been determined.
Amphiphysin is a brain-enriched protein with an N-terminal lipid interaction, dimerisation and membrane bending BAR domain, a middle clathrin and adaptor binding domain and a C-terminal SH3 domain. In the brain, its primary function is thought to be the recruitment of dynamin to sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. There are 2 mammalian amphiphysins with similar overall structure. A ubiquitous splice form of amphiphysin-2 (BIN1) that does not contain clathrin or adaptor interactions is highly expressed in muscle tissue and is involved in the formation and stabilization of the T-tubule network. In other tissues amphiphysin is likely involved in other membrane bending and curvature stabilization events.
Interactions
Amphiphysin has been shown to interact with DNM1, Phospholipase D1, CDK5R1, PLD2, CABIN1 and SH3GL2.
See also
AP180
Epsin
References
Further reading
Review.
External links
Bringing your curves to the b
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference%20density%20map
|
In X-ray crystallography, a difference density map shows the spatial distribution of the difference between the measured electron density of the crystal and the electron density explained by the current model.
These coefficients are derived from the gradient of the likelihood function of the observed structure factors on the basis of the current model.
Display
Conventionally, they are displayed as isosurfaces with positive density—electron density where there's nothing in the model, usually corresponding to some constituent of the crystal that hasn't been modelled, for example a ligand or a crystallisation adjutant -- in green, and negative density—parts of the model not backed up by electron density, indicating either that an atom has been disordered by radiation damage or that it is modelled in the wrong place—in red.
Calculation
Difference density maps are usually calculated using Fourier coefficients which are the differences between the observed structure factor amplitudes from the X-ray diffraction experiment and the calculated structure factor amplitudes from the current model, using the phase from the model for both terms (since no phases are available for the observed data). The two sets of structure factors must be on the same scale. It is now normal to also include weighting terms which take into account the estimated errors in the current model:
where m is a figure of merit which is an estimate of the cosine of the error in the phase, and D is a scale factor.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP2%20adaptor%20complex
|
The AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide linkers. These appendage domains are sometimes called 'ears'. The core domain binds to the membrane and to cargo destined for internalisation. The alpha and beta appendage domains bind to accessory proteins and to clathrin. Their interactions allow the temporal and spatial regulation of the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles and their endocytosis.
The AP-2 complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins (α and β), a medium adaptin (μ), and a small adaptin (σ):
complex 2
AP2A1 (α unit 1)
AP2A2 (α unit 2)
AP2B1 (β unit)
AP2M1 (μ unit)
AP2S1 (σ unit)
Structure
The AP2 adaptor complex exists in two primary conformations: the open conformation (active state) and the closed conformation (inactive state). In its active state, the clathrin binding site found on the β subunit and the cargo binding site found on the μ subunit are exposed to the cytosol, allowing their respective interactions to occur. In its inactive state, the complex experiences a conformational change that causes both sites to be covered, preventing its primary functions. The α and β heavy chains of the complex make up about 60% of the polypeptide sequence of AP2 and are tightly structured into 14 HE
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curation
|
Curation may refer to:
Activities
Algorithmic curation, curation using computer algorithms
Content curation, the collection and sorting of information
Data curation, management activities required to maintain research data
Digital curation, the preservation and maintenance of digital assets
Evidence management, the indexing and cataloguing of evidence related to an event
Cultural heritage management, conservation of cultural sites and resources
People who perform curation
Curator, manager or interpreter, traditionally of tangible assets of a library or museum
Biocurator, professional scientist who maintains information for biological databases
See also
Curate, office and person holding it
Archive, an accumulation of historical records
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avidity
|
In biochemistry, avidity refers to the accumulated strength of multiple affinities of individual non-covalent binding interactions, such as between a protein receptor and its ligand, and is commonly referred to as functional affinity. Avidity differs from affinity, which describes the strength of a single interaction. However, because individual binding events increase the likelihood of occurrence of other interactions (i.e., increase the local concentration of each binding partner in proximity to the binding site), avidity should not be thought of as the mere sum of its constituent affinities but as the combined effect of all affinities participating in the biomolecular interaction. A particular important aspect relates to the phenomenon of 'avidity entropy'. Biomolecules often form heterogenous complexes or homogeneous oligomers and multimers or polymers. If clustered proteins form an organized matrix, such as the clathrin-coat, the interaction is described as a matricity.
Antibody-antigen interaction
Avidity is commonly applied to antibody interactions in which multiple antigen-binding sites simultaneously interact with the target antigenic epitopes, often in multimerized structures. Individually, each binding interaction may be readily broken; however, when many binding interactions are present at the same time, transient unbinding of a single site does not allow the molecule to diffuse away, and binding of that weak interaction is likely to be restored.
Each antibody
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynthetic%20clay%20liner
|
Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are factory manufactured hydraulic barriers consisting of a layer of bentonite or other very low-permeability material supported by geotextiles and/or geomembranes, mechanically held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives. Due to environmental laws, any seepage from landfills must be collected and properly disposed of, otherwise contamination of the surrounding ground water could cause major environmental and/or ecological problems. The lower the hydraulic conductivity the more effective the GCL will be at retaining seepage inside of the landfill. Bentonite composed predominantly (>70%) of montmorillonite or other expansive clays, are preferred and most commonly used in GCLs. A general GCL construction would consist of two layers of geosynthetics stitched together enclosing a layer of natural or processed sodium bentonite. Typically, woven and/or non-woven textile geosynthetics are used, however polyethylene or geomembrane layers or geogrid geotextiles materials have also been incorporated into the design or in place of a textile layer to increase strength. GCLs are produced by several large companies in North America, Europe, and Asia. The United States Environmental Protection Agency currently regulates landfill construction and design in the US through several legislations.
History
The origin of GCLs can be traced back to 1962 when Arthur G. Clem filed a patent for preformed moisture impervious panels which combined b
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%20continuity%20theorem
|
In mathematics, the Kolmogorov continuity theorem is a theorem that guarantees that a stochastic process that satisfies certain constraints on the moments of its increments will be continuous (or, more precisely, have a "continuous version"). It is credited to the Soviet mathematician Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.
Statement
Let be some complete metric space, and let be a stochastic process. Suppose that for all times , there exist positive constants such that
for all . Then there exists a modification of that is a continuous process, i.e. a process such that
is sample-continuous;
for every time ,
Furthermore, the paths of are locally -Hölder-continuous for every .
Example
In the case of Brownian motion on , the choice of constants , , will work in the Kolmogorov continuity theorem. Moreover, for any positive integer , the constants , will work, for some positive value of that depends on and .
See also
Kolmogorov extension theorem
References
p. 51
Theorems regarding stochastic processes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephassa%20%28Xenakis%29
|
Persephassa is a piece for six percussionists composed by Iannis Xenakis in 1969. The piece was commissioned jointly by the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française (ORTF) and the Shiraz Arts Festival (presided by the queen consort of Persia, Farah Pahlavi), held at the historic site of Persepolis. The title is one of the variant names of the goddess Persephone / Proserpina, and also refers to the names "Perseus", "Perceval", and "Persepolis". It was performed in its premiere by Les Percussions de Strasbourg (France) for whom it was written.
Composition
Persephassa gains much of its effect from having the six percussionists distributed around the audience. The treatment of space as a musical parameter is one of the most important preoccupations of Xenakis' music, particularly in his works of the mid-to-late 1960s. (See, for example, Terretektorh (1966), which "distributes the eighty-eight musicians in quasi-stochastic fashion in a circular space around the conductor, with the audience being seated amid the musicians.") The dramatic impact of utilizing the performance space in this manner is evident in many passages throughout the piece in which accents or imitative rhythms are passed around the ensemble. At one point, "Xenakis creates an enormous accelerando, building up as many as six layers of spiraling patterns swirling around the listeners. The tempo of that passage winds up to 360 beats per minute, with one complete rotation of rolled accents around the six players
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega%20gull
|
The Vega gull, East Siberian gull, or East Siberian herring gull (Larus vegae) is a large gull of the herring gull/lesser black-backed gull complex which breeds in Northeast Asia. Its classification is still controversial and uncertain. It is variously treated as a separate species, as a subspecies of the American herring gull (L. smithsonianus) or included with both the American herring gull and European herring gull in L. argentatus. The Mongolian gull, Larus mongolicus, has previously been regarded as a subspecies of the Caspian gull (L. cachinnans) but is now sometimes lumped with the Vega gull.
Description
Vega gull (Larus vegae)
The Vega gull is similar to the herring gull but is slightly darker grey above. The head of the Vega gull is heavily streaked with brown in winter, especially on the back and sides of the neck forming a collar. The legs are usually bright pink. First- and second-winter Vega gulls are darker than the similar Mongolian gull, notably on the crown of the head where Mongolian gulls even in first- and second-winter are a bit paler. Almost the full body of first- and second-winter Vega gulls displays darker brown flecks and streaks. Adult Vega gulls in winter can often be mistaken for the very similar-looking slaty-backed gull (L. schistisagus) and the western gull (L. occidentalis), but the Vega gull's gray is lighter than the two similar species. Eye colour is variable but tends to be dark with a red orbital ring. The bill is yellow with a re
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunzib%20language
|
Hunzib is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Hunzib people in southern Dagestan, near the Russian border with Georgia.
Classification
Hunzib belongs to the Tsezic group of the Northeast Caucasian languages. It is most closely related to Bezhta and Khwarshi, according to the latest research. Other Tsezic languages include Tsez and Hinukh. Khwarshi was previously grouped together with Tsez and Hinukh instead of with Hunzib.
Geographic distribution
Hunzib is not an official language, and it is rarely written. It is spoken in the Tsunta and Kizilyurt districts of Dagestan and in two villages across the Russian border in Georgia.
Phonology
Vowels
Vowels in Hunzib may be short, long, or nasalized.
Consonants
Hunzib has 35 consonants. Three consonants, , , and , are only found in loanwords.
Grammar
Gender
Like a number of other Northeast Caucasian languages, Hunzib has a grammatical gender system with five classes. The first classes, I and II mark male and female rationals, respectively, while the remaining classes mark non-humans. Gender marking is covert on nouns, but appears in agreement on verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and adverbial constructions.
When preceding a nasalized vowel, class markers b- and r- surface as m- and n- respectively.
Nouns
Nouns in Hunzib come in five noun classes: male, female, and three classes for inanimate objects. There are a number of cases in Hunzib, including the absolutive, ergative, genitive, instrumental. A number of other case
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WICC
|
WICC may refer to:
WICC (AM), a news and information radio station in Bridgeport, Connecticut
Women's International Champions Cup
WONCA International Classification Committee, of the World Organization of Family Doctors
Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia (ICAO airport code: WICC)
Wessex Integrated Control Centre, a railway operational control centre at Waterloo Station in London, jointly operated by Network Rail and South West Trains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelme%20%28cycling%20team%29
|
Kelme was a professional cycling team based in Spain.
History
In 1979, Kelme sponsored the mountains classification in the Vuelta a España. The owners of Kelme were not satisfied with the publicity that this produced, so they decided to sponsor a cycling team instead.
The Kelme team was formed from another Spanish cycling team, Transmallorca, in 1980. From the 2004 cycling season, the Valencian government took the main sponsorship, Kelme becoming co-sponsor, finally dropping from the team at the end of the year. Despite this, the team kept on running, but its days were numbered when on 20 August 2006, because of doping allegations on Operación Puerto, the Valencian government dropped its sponsorship. This was to become the last year for the oldest team in the peloton. The last couple of years, it was managed by Vicente Belda, a former cyclist who rode for the team from 1980 to 1988. Famous former riders included Alejandro Valverde, Roberto Heras, Aitor González, Óscar Sevilla, Ángel Casero, and Fernando Escartín. The team's major results include two wins in the Vuelta a España: by Roberto Heras in 2000 and Aitor González in 2002.
Doping controversy
In March 2004, in an interview with the Spanish newspaper AS, the former Kelme cyclist Jesús Manzano exposed the systematic doping in the team. During the interview he detailed blood doping as well as the various performance-enhancing drugs he used while on the team. Immediately the Kelme team denied the allegations, and Jean-
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%27s%20circulation%20theorem
|
In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's circulation theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1869) states:In a barotropic, ideal fluid with conservative body forces, the circulation around a closed curve (which encloses the same fluid elements) moving with the fluid remains constant with time.
Stated mathematically:
where is the circulation around a material contour Stated more simply, this theorem says that if one observes a closed contour at one instant, and follows the contour over time (by following the motion of all of its fluid elements), the circulation over the two locations of this contour are equal.
This theorem does not hold in cases with viscous stresses, nonconservative body forces (for example the Coriolis force) or non-barotropic pressure-density relations.
Mathematical proof
The circulation around a closed material contour is defined by:
where u is the velocity vector, and ds is an element along the closed contour.
The governing equation for an inviscid fluid with a conservative body force is
where D/Dt is the convective derivative, ρ is the fluid density, p is the pressure and Φ is the potential for the body force. These are the Euler equations with a body force.
The condition of barotropicity implies that the density is a function only of the pressure, i.e. .
Taking the convective derivative of circulation gives
For the first term, we substitute from the governing equation, and then apply Stokes' theorem, thus:
The fina
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Purcell
|
John Edward Purcell (December 24, 1903 – June 10, 1991) was a Canadian world champion badminton player. Purcell was the Canadian National Badminton Champion in 1929 and 1930 and declared as world champion in 1933. He retired in 1945, and pursued a career as a stockbroker. Purcell also designed an athletic shoe that bears his name, which is still popular today.
Early years
Born in Guelph, Ontario, Purcell excelled at tennis and golf as a child. He took up badminton in 1924, and rose quickly in Ontario's amateur ranks. Purcell won five consecutive Ontario championships from 1927 to 1931, and was the Canadian National Badminton Champion in 1929 and 1930. Purcell became the leading badminton player in Canada, which led him to write a badminton column for the Toronto Star. In 1931, Purcell traveled to England, having beaten all his competitors in Canada. There, he won the Surrey Doubles but got only as far as the semi-finals in the All-England Championships.
World badminton champion
After his trip to England, Purcell returned to Canada only to learn that he was stripped of his amateur status. The Canadian Badminton Association claimed that his Toronto Star articles made him a paid professional. As a professional badminton player, however, Purcell beat all the leading players in the world by 1932. He was declared world champion in 1933 based on his beating the top Canadian, American and British badminton players. His world championship status was challenged numerous times, but P
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoylation
|
Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine (S-palmitoylation) and less frequently to serine and threonine (O-palmitoylation) residues of proteins, which are typically membrane proteins. The precise function of palmitoylation depends on the particular protein being considered. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to their membrane association. Palmitoylation also appears to play a significant role in subcellular trafficking of proteins between membrane compartments, as well as in modulating protein–protein interactions. In contrast to prenylation and myristoylation, palmitoylation is usually reversible (because the bond between palmitic acid and protein is often a thioester bond). The reverse reaction in mammalian cells is catalyzed by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs) in the cytosol and palmitoyl protein thioesterases in lysosomes. Because palmitoylation is a dynamic, post-translational process, it is believed to be employed by the cell to alter the subcellular localization, protein–protein interactions, or binding capacities of a protein.
An example of a protein that undergoes palmitoylation is hemagglutinin, a membrane glycoprotein used by influenza to attach to host cell receptors. The palmitoylation cycles of a wide array of enzymes have been characterized in the past few years, including H-Ras, Gsα, the β2-adrenergic receptor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In signal tra
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite-difference%20frequency-domain%20method
|
The finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method is a numerical solution method for problems usually in electromagnetism and sometimes in acoustics, based on finite-difference approximations of the derivative operators in the differential equation being solved.
While "FDFD" is a generic term describing all frequency-domain finite-difference methods, the title seems to mostly describe the method as applied to scattering problems. The method shares many similarities to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, so much so that the literature on FDTD can be directly applied. The method works by transforming Maxwell's equations (or other partial differential equation) for sources and fields at a constant frequency into matrix form . The matrix A is derived from the wave equation operator, the column vector x contains the field components, and the column vector b describes the source. The method is capable of incorporating anisotropic materials, but off-diagonal components of the tensor require special treatment.
Strictly speaking, there are at least two categories of "frequency-domain" problems in electromagnetism. One is to find the response to a current density J with a constant frequency ω, i.e. of the form , or a similar time-harmonic source. This frequency-domain response problem leads to an system of linear equations as described above. An early description of a frequency-domain response FDTD method to solve scattering problems was published by Christ an
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20O-M119
|
In human genetics, Haplogroup O-M119 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup O-M119 is a descendant branch of haplogroup O-F265 also known as O1a, one of two extant primary subclades of Haplogroup O-M175. The same clade previously has been labeled as O-MSY2.2.
Origins
The Haplogroup O-M119 branch is believed to have evolved during the Late Pleistocene (Upper Paleolithic) in China mainland.
Paleolithic migrations
suggest haplogroup O-M119 was part of a four-phase colonization model in which Paleolithic migrations of hunter-gatherers shaped the primary structure of current Y-Chromosome diversity of Maritime Southeast Asia. Approximately 5000 BCE, Haplogroup O-M119 coalesced at Sundaland and migrated northwards to as far as Taiwan, where O-M50 constitutes some 90% of the Aboriginal Y-DNA, being the main haplogroup that can be directly linked to the Austronesian expansion in phase 3.
Taiwan homeland
concluded that in contrast to the Taiwan homeland hypothesis, Island Southeast Asians do not have a Taiwan origin based on their paternal lineages. According to their results, lineages within Maritime Southeast Asia did not originate from Taiwanese aborigines as linguistic studies suggest. Taiwan aborigines and Indonesians were likely to have been derived from the Tai–Kadai-speaking populations based on their paternal lineages, and thereafter evolved independently of each other.
The strongest positive correlation between Haplogroup O-M119 and ethno-linguistic affiliation i
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty-acid%20amide%20hydrolase%201
|
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 or FAAH-1(, oleamide hydrolase, anandamide amidohydrolase) is a member of the serine hydrolase family of enzymes. It was first shown to break down anandamide (AEA), an N-acylethanolamine (NAE) in 1993. In humans, it is encoded by the gene FAAH. FAAH also regulate the contents of NAE's in Dictyostelium discoideum, as they modulate their NAE levels in vivo through the use of a semispecific FAAH inhibitor.
The FAAH protein, involved in the metabolism of endocannabinoids, is encoded by the FAAH gene, which also contains the SNP rs324420 (C385A allele), associated with a higher sensitivity of FAAH to proteolytic degradation and a shorter half-life, as compared to the C variant, as the A variant displays normal catalytic properties, but an enhanced sensitivity to the proteolytic degradation, and shorter half-life, leading to increased N-acylethanolamine (NAE) and anandamide (AEA) signaling at the CB1 receptor etc., and which accounts for the protein’s lower amounts seen in high-level performance athletes (i.e., elite athletes), that present an extraordinary interindividual variability of physical, but also mental traits, which greatly influence their sports accomplishments and their career longevity. However, the role of the C385A variant in athletic performance is not consensual, as other evidence suggesting, that the A polymorphism allele genotype is underrepresented in the Polish elite athletes, regardless of metabolic characteristics of their spor
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharopine
|
Saccharopine is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acid lysine. It is a precursor of lysine in the alpha-aminoadipate pathway which occurs in fungi and euglenids. In mammals and higher plants saccharopine is an intermediate in the degradation of lysine, formed by condensation of lysine and alpha-ketoglutarate.
Reaction
The reactions involved, catalysed by saccharopine dehydrogenases, are:
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate ⇌ saccharopine ⇌ glutamate + 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde
Pathology
Saccharopinuria (high amounts of saccharopine in the urine) and saccharopinemia (an excess of saccharopine in the blood) are conditions present in some inherited disorders of lysine degradation.
History
Saccharopine was first isolated in 1961 from yeasts (Saccharomyces, hence the name) by Darling and Larsen.
See also
Opines
References
Tricarboxylic acids
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Robotics%20Competition%20%28Singapore%29
|
National Robotics Competition (NRC) is a robotics competition jointly organised by Singapore Science Centre and Duck Learning Education, with support from the Ministry of Education and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research. It aims to help nurture a new generation of youths with interest in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) to aspire in improving the lives of people, and encourages students to develop problem solving skills, entrepreneurial skills, creative thinking skills and team spirit.
History
National Robotics Competition was first organised in 1999 as National Junior Robotics Competition (NJRC) with 167 teams from 70 schools. In the competition, teams of not more than 5 students build a robot using the Lego Mindstorms robotics system. Competitors are divided into three categories: Upper Primary Division, for Primary 3 to Primary 6 students, Secondary Division for secondary or equivalent level, and Tertiary Division, for 1st and 2nd year ITE/JC/Poly students. In 2007, 13 schools participated in the competition, sending a total of 37 teams.
In 2016, a holistic review is made to the competition following an announcement during the closing ceremony of the competition that year. NJRC was officially renamed as National Robotics Competition (NRC) in 2017. An additional category for children aged six to eight years is added, along with other new elements such as the robotic arm hackathon.
National Junior Robotics Competition Milestones
2022
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS%20%28disambiguation%29
|
CMOS is a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor, a class of integrated circuits.
CMOS may also refer to:
Technology
Nonvolatile BIOS memory, in a personal computer, historically known as CMOS with a CMOS battery
CMOS sensor, an active pixel sensor in a digital camera
Credence Systems (former NASDAQ symbol CMOS), a former semiconductor equipment manufacturer
Other uses
Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, a Canadian society dedicated to atmospheric and oceanic sciences
The Chicago Manual of Style
CMOs, or occasionally, CMOSContract manufacturing organizations, company with customizable outsourced manufacturing capabilities
See also
CMO (disambiguation)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20combining
|
Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake. According to the theory, vegetarian and vegan diets may provide an insufficient amount of some essential amino acids, making protein combining with multiple foods necessary to obtain a complete protein food. The terms complete and incomplete are outdated in relation to plant protein. In fact, all plant foods contain all 20 essential amino acids including the 9 essential amino acids in varying amounts.
Though it is undisputed that diverse foods can be combined to make up for their respective limiting amino acids, a general consensus has emerged among nutrition scientists and writers contrary to the original vegetarian nutrition dogmas of the 1970s. Though historically, protein combining was promoted as a method of compensating for supposed deficiencies in vegetables as foods, studies on essential amino acid contents in plant proteins have shown that vegetarians and vegans typically do not need to complement plant proteins in each meal to reach the desired level of essential amino acids as long as their diets are varied and caloric requirements are met. The position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is that protein from a variety of plant foods eaten during the course of a day supplies enough of all essential amino acids when caloric requirements are met.
Concept
Protein nutrition is complex because any proteinogenic a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-channel%20carrier%20system
|
In the U.S. telephone network, the 12-channel carrier system was an early frequency-division multiplexing system standard, used to carry multiple telephone calls on a single twisted pair of wires, mostly for short to medium distances. In this system twelve voice channels are multiplexed in a high frequency carrier and passed through a balanced pair trunk line similar to those used for individual voice frequency connections. The original system is obsolete today, but the multiplexing of voice channels in units of 12 or 24 channels in modern digital trunk lines such as T-1 is a legacy of the system.
History
The twelve channel scheme was first devised in the early 1930s to provide a line spectrum covering 60 to 108 kHz for the Type J Carrier Telephone System, an equivalent four wire (on two wire facilities) open wire carrier that was used almost exclusively for interstate long haul toll telephony. This became the basic building block, the "channel group", for all succeeding long haul systems, such as Type K and all the Type L systems into the late 1970s. All long haul "channel groups" used the single-sideband/suppressed carrier heterodyne scheme that was produced by a Western Electric Type A-1 through A-6 channel bank.
The twelve channel scheme, in order to maintain some bandwidth and routing compatibility, was carried through to the short haul carriers, as well, as they started developing to eliminate voice band open wire trunk lines in the 1950s. The Bell System vacuum-tube
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofurky
|
Tofurky is the brand name of an American vegan turkey replacement (also known as a meat analogue, or, more specifically, tofurkey) made from a blend of wheat protein and organic tofu.
Tofurky® is a trademark of Turtle Island Foods, a company based in Hood River, Oregon, United States. Turtle Island has come to also use the brand name for most of its meatless products, such as deli slices, sausages, jerky, tempeh (its first product), burgers, and franks. All of the Tofurky products are fully vegan and approved by the Vegan Society, and most are kosher-certified by the Kosher Supervision of America. The product name is a portmanteau of "tofu" and "turkey" into a single word which sounds like a spoonerism of "faux turkey".
History
Seth Tibbott, having become a vegetarian while in college founded Turtle Island Foods in 1980. The original Tofurky roast was created in collaboration with a local Portland, Oregon natural foods company called The Higher Taste, owned by Hans and Rhonda Wrobel and the Tofurky brand was officially introduced in 1995.
Purchase
The Tofurky roast is found in health food grocery stores; however, availability is limited in some areas. Inside the box, it comes in the form of a small but dense roast, wrapped tightly in a disposable casing, and is something of a rounded loaf in shape. It comes stuffed with mushrooms, herbs, and wild rice. Though the roast can be purchased separately, it is also offered as part of a meal with cranberry-apple-potato dumplings
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggurat%20algorithm
|
The ziggurat algorithm is an algorithm for pseudo-random number sampling. Belonging to the class of rejection sampling algorithms, it relies on an underlying source of uniformly-distributed random numbers, typically from a pseudo-random number generator, as well as precomputed tables. The algorithm is used to generate values from a monotonically decreasing probability distribution. It can also be applied to symmetric unimodal distributions, such as the normal distribution, by choosing a value from one half of the distribution and then randomly choosing which half the value is considered to have been drawn from. It was developed by George Marsaglia and others in the 1960s.
A typical value produced by the algorithm only requires the generation of one random floating-point value and one random table index, followed by one table lookup, one multiply operation and one comparison. Sometimes (2.5% of the time, in the case of a normal or exponential distribution when using typical table sizes) more computations are required. Nevertheless, the algorithm is computationally much faster than the two most commonly used methods of generating normally distributed random numbers, the Marsaglia polar method and the Box–Muller transform, which require at least one logarithm and one square root calculation for each pair of generated values. However, since the ziggurat algorithm is more complex to implement it is best used when large quantities of random numbers are required.
The term zig
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%20Union%20men%27s%20national%20handball%20team
|
The USSR national handball team was the national handball team of the Soviet Union.
World Championships Record
Summer Olympics Record
Player statistics
Most appearances
100+
Top scorers
250+
National teams of the former Soviet republics
See also
Soviet Union women's national handball team
Russia men's national handball team
Russia women's national handball team
External links
Former national handball teams
National sports teams of the Soviet Union
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newar%20caste%20system
|
Newar caste system is the system by which Newārs, the historical inhabitants of Kathmandu Valley, are divided into groups on the basis of Vedic varna model and divided according to their hereditary occupations. First introduced at the time of the Licchavis (A.D. 300 – c. 879), the Newar caste system assumed its present shape during the medieval Malla period (A.D. 1201–1769). The Newar caste structure resembles more closely to North India and Madheshis than that of the Khas 'Parbatiyas' in that all four Varna (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra) and untouchables are represented. The social structure of Newars is unique as it is the last remaining example of a pre-Islamic North Indic civilisation in which Buddhist elements enjoy equal status with the Brahmanic elements.
History of Assimilation
According to various historical sources, even though the presence of varna and caste had been a known element in the social structure of the Kathmandu Valley since the Licchavi period (c., 3rd century CE), majority of the residents of the Nepal Valley were for the first time codified into a written code only in the 14th century in the Nepalarastrasastra by king Jayasthithi Malla (1354–1395 A.D.) Jayasthithi Malla, with the aid of five Kānyakubja and Maithil Brahmins whom he invited from the Indian plains, divided the population of the valley into each of four major classes (varna)—Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra—derived from the ancient Hindu text Manusmriti and based on individ
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feodor%20Deahna
|
Heinrich Wilhelm Feodor Deahna (8 July 1815 – 8 January 1844) was a German mathematician.
He is known for providing proof of what is now known as Frobenius theorem in differential topology, which he published in Crelle's Journal in 1840.
Deahna was born near Bayreuth on July 8, 1815, and was a student at the University of Göttingen in 1834. In 1843 he became an assistant mathematics teacher at the Fulda Gymnasium, but he died soon afterwards in Fulda, on January 8, 1844.
Selected works
Deahna, F. "Über die Bedingungen der Integrabilitat ....", J. Reine Angew. Math. 20 (1840) 340-350.
References
1815 births
1844 deaths
19th-century German mathematicians
Differential geometers
Mathematicians from the Kingdom of Bavaria
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire%20J.%20Tomlin
|
Claire Jennifer Tomlin (born 1969 Southampton, England) is a British researcher in hybrid systems, distributed and decentralized optimization and control theory and holds the Charles A. Desoer Chair at the University of California, at Berkeley.
Career
She graduated from the University of Waterloo with a B.A.Sc. in electrical engineering in 1992, from Imperial College London with a M.Sc. in electrical engineering in 1993, and from the University of California, Berkeley with a PhD in electrical engineering and computer sciences in 1998. She held the positions of assistant, associate, and full professor at the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University from 1998-2007, where she was a director of the Hybrid Systems Laboratory. She currently holds the Charles A. Desoer Chair in Engineering at UC Berkeley.
Prof. Tomlin's research focuses on applications, unmanned aerial vehicles, air traffic control and modeling of biological processes. She was named a MacArthur Fellow in September 2006.
Honours
She received the Erlander Professorship of the Swedish Research Council in 2009, a MacArthur Fellowship in 2006, and the Eckman Award of the American Automatic Control Council in 2003. In 2003, she was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
She became a Fellow of the IEEE in 2010. She was awarded the IEEE Transportation Technologies Award in 2017 "fo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Howard%20Redfield
|
John Howard Redfield (June 8, 1879 – April 17, 1944) was an American mathematician, best known for discovery of what is now called Pólya enumeration theorem (PET) in 1927, ten years ahead of similar but independent discovery made by George Pólya. Redfield was a great-grandson of William Charles Redfield, one of the founders and the first president of AAAS.
Solution to MacMahon's conjecture
Redfield's ability is evident in letters exchanged among Redfield, Percy MacMahon, and Sir Thomas Muir, following the publication of Redfield's paper [1] in 1927. Apparently Redfield sent a copy of his paper to MacMahon. In reply (letter of November 19, 1927), MacMahon expresses the view that Redfield has made a valuable contribution to the subject and goes on to mention a conjecture which he himself made in his recently delivered Rouse-Ball memorial lecture. He also says that it is probable that Redfield's work would lead to a proof of it. Such was the case: in a draft reply dated December 26, 1927, Redfield writes:
"I am now able to demonstrate your conjectured expression...".
MacMahon, who had failed to prove it himself and then put the matter before men at both Cambridge and Oxford "without effect", delightedly wrote to Redfield (letter of January 9, 1928):
"when you first wrote to me I formed the opinion that with your powerful handling of the theory of substitutions it would be childs play to you and I was right. I congratulate you and feel sure that your methods will carry you
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Ockendon
|
Professor John Richard Ockendon FRS (born c. 1940) is an applied mathematician noted especially for his contribution to fluid dynamics and novel applications of mathematics to real world problems. He is a professor at the University of Oxford and an Emeritus Fellow at St Catherine's College, Oxford, the first director of the Oxford Centre for Collaborative Applied Mathematics (OCCAM) and a former director of the Smith Institute for Industrial Mathematics and System Engineering.
Education
Ockendon was educated at the University of Oxford where he was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1965 for research on fluid dynamics supervised by Alan B Tayler.
Research and career
His initial fluid mechanics interests included hypersonic aerodynamics, creeping flow, sloshing and channel flows and leading to flows in porous media, ship hydrodynamics and models for flow separation.
He moved on to free and moving boundary problems. He pioneered the study of diffusion-controlled moving boundary problems in the 1970s his involvement centring on models for phase changes and elastic contact problems all built around the paradigm of the Hele-Shaw free boundary problem. Other industrial collaboration has led to new ideas for lens design, fibre manufacture, extensional and surface-tension- driven flows and glass manufacture, fluidised-bed models, semiconductor device modelling and a range of other problems in mechanics and heat and mass transfer, especially scattering and ray theory, non
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipped%20tag
|
The clipped tag is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag designed to enhance consumer privacy. RFID is an identification technology in which information stored in semiconductor chips contained in RFID tags is communicated by means of radio waves to RFID readers. The most simple passive RFID tags do not have batteries or transmitters. They get their energy from the field of the reader. They transfer their information to the reader by modulating the signal that is reflected back to the reader by the tag. Because tags depend on the reader for power their range is limited, typically up to for UHF RFID tags.
Today, the public uses RFID tags for many applications including electronic toll collection, E-ZPass for example, or the Speedpass which is used as a credit token for the purchase of gasoline. The retail supply chain uses RFID tags to monitor the passage of pallets and cases at loading dock doors. The expectation for the future is for RFID tags to be used for the labelling of items for retail sale. Concerns for individual privacy have been raised because the RFID tags may be read by invisible radio waves without the knowledge of the holder of the tagged item.
The privacy-protecting RFID tag, the “clipped tag” has been suggested by IBM. The clipped tag puts the option of privacy protection in the hands of the consumer. After the point of sale, a consumer may tear off a portion of the tag, much like the way in which a ketchup packet is opened. This allows the tr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure%20tensor
|
In mathematics, the structure tensor, also referred to as the second-moment matrix, is a matrix derived from the gradient of a function. It describes the distribution of the gradient in a specified neighborhood around a point and makes the information invariant respect the observing coordinates. The structure tensor is often used in image processing and computer vision.
The 2D structure tensor
Continuous version
For a function of two variables , the structure tensor is the 2×2 matrix
where and are the partial derivatives of with respect to x and y; the integrals range over the plane ; and w is some fixed "window function" (such as a Gaussian blur), a distribution on two variables. Note that the matrix is itself a function of .
The formula above can be written also as , where is the matrix-valued function defined by
If the gradient of is viewed as a 2×1 (single-column) matrix, where denotes transpose operation, turning a row vector to a column vector, the matrix can be written as the matrix product or tensor or outer product . Note however that the structure tensor cannot be factored in this way in general except if is a Dirac delta function.
Discrete version
In image processing and other similar applications, the function is usually given as a discrete array of samples , where p is a pair of integer indices. The 2D structure tensor at a given pixel is usually taken to be the discrete sum
Here the summation index r ranges over a finite set of index pairs (
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocyte
|
A photocyte is a cell that specializes in catalyzing enzymes to produce light (bioluminescence). Photocytes typically occur in select layers of epithelial tissue, functioning singly or in a group, or as part of a larger apparatus (a photophore). They contain special structures termed as photocyte granules. These specialized cells are found in a range of multicellular animals including ctenophora, coelenterates (cnidaria), annelids, arthropoda (including insects) and fishes. Although some fungi are bioluminescent, they do not have such specialized cells.
Mechanism of light production
Light production may first be triggered by nerve impulses which stimulate the photocyte to release the enzyme luciferase into a "reaction chamber" of luciferin substrate. In some species the release occurs continually without the precursor impulse via osmotic diffusion. Molecular oxygen is then actively gated through surrounding tracheal cells which otherwise limit the natural diffusion of oxygen from blood vessels; the resulting reaction with the luciferase and luciferin produces light energy and a by-product (usually carbon dioxide).
Researchers once postulated that ATP was the source of reaction energy for photocytes, but since ATP only produces a fraction the energy of the luciferase reaction, any resulting light wave-energy would be too small for detection by a human eye. The wavelengths produced by most photocytes fall close to 490 nm; although light as energetic as 250 nm is reportedly p
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Lewis%20Bernstein
|
Dorothy Lewis Bernstein (April 11, 1914 – February 5, 1988) was an American mathematician known for her work in applied mathematics, statistics, computer programming, and her research on the Laplace transform. She was the first woman to be elected president of the Mathematics Association of America.
Early life
Bernstein was born in Chicago, the daughter of Jewish Russian immigrants Jacob and Tille Lewis Bernstein. While her parents had no formal education, they encouraged all of their children to seek education; all five earned either a PhD or MD.
Education
Bernstein attended North Division High School (Milwaukee) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1930 she attended the University of Wisconsin, where she held a University Scholarship (1933–1934) and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. In 1934 she graduated with both a B.A degree, summa cum laude, and a M.A. Degree in Mathematics. She did her master's thesis research on finding complex roots of polynomials by an extension of Newton's method. In 1935 she attended Brown University, where she became a member of the scientific society Sigma Xi. She received her Ph.D. in mathematics from Brown in 1939, while simultaneously holding a teaching position at Mount Holyoke College. Her dissertation was entitled "The Double Laplace Integral" and was published in the Duke Mathematical Journal.
Career
From 1943 to 1959 Bernstein taught at the University of Rochester, where she worked on existence theorems for partial differential equations.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Sweat is the fluid excreted by the sweat glands during perspiration.
Sweat or sweating may also refer to:
Places
SWEAT (hypothesis), which proposes that the Southwestern United States was at one time connected to East Antarctica
Sweat Mountain, in the U.S. state of Georgia
People
Brooke Sweat (born 1986), American beach volleyball player
David Sweat, convicted murderer who escaped from the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York on June 6, 2015
John B. Sweat (1827–1893), Wisconsin state legislator
Josh Sweat (born 1997), American football player
Keith Sweat (born 1961), R&B/soul singer, songwriter and record producer
Lorenzo De Medici Sweat (1818–1898), former U.S. Representative from Maine
Montez Sweat (born 1996), American football player
Noah S. Sweat (1922–1996), judge, law professor and state representative in Mississippi
Arts, entertainment, and media
Films
Sweat (2002 film), Sueurs, a French action film
Sweat (2008 film), a short LGBT-related film, see List of LGBT-related films of 2008
Sweat (2020 film), a Swedish-Polish drama film
Literature
Sweat (play), a 2015 play by Lynn Nottage
"Sweat" (short story), by American writer Zora Neale Hurston
Sweat (novel), a 1934 novel by Jorge Amado
The sweats, an alternate name for the men's adventure genre of magazines
Music
Albums
Sweat (Hadise album), 2005
Sweat (Kool & the Gang album), 1989
Sweat (Nelly album), 2004
Sweat (The System album), 1983
Songs
"Sweat" (Bow Wow song), 2011
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20vortex
|
In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of quantum vortices was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949 in connection with superfluid helium. Onsager reasoned that quantisation of vorticity is a direct consequence of the existence of a superfluid order parameter as a spatially continuous wavefunction. Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions. These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors by Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov. In 1935 Fritz London published a very closely related work on magnetic flux quantization in superconductors. London's fluxoid can also be viewed as a quantum vortex.
Quantum vortices are observed experimentally in type-II superconductors (the Abrikosov vortex), liquid helium, and atomic gases (see Bose–Einstein condensate), as well as in photon fields (optical vortex) and exciton-polariton superfluids.
In a superfluid, a quantum vortex "carries" quantized orbital angular momentum, thus allowing the superfluid to rotate; in a superconductor, the vortex carries quantized magnetic flux.
The term "quantum vortex" is also used in the stud
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felina
|
Felina or felinae may refer to:
People
La Felina: aka Gail Kim, professional wrestler
Felina (singer), a reggaeton musical artist
Animals
Felinae, scientific classification for small cats
Lontra felina, scientific name of the marine otter
Art, media and entertainment
Fictional entities
Felina, the cat of Princess Ozana of Storybook Mountain in The Magical Mimics in Oz
Felina Feral, another cat from Swat Kats
Felina Furr, the secret identity of Alley-Kat-Abra (DC Comics)
Professor Felina Ivy, a character in Pokémon
Television
"Felina" (Breaking Bad), the series finale of Breaking Bad
Felina: Prinsesa ng mga Pusa, a 2012 Philippine television drama on Associated Broadcasting Company (TV5)
Felina (telenovela), a 2001 Venezuelan telenovela
See also
Feleena, the heroine of Marty Robbins' song "El Paso"
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20shingle
|
Solar shingles, also called photovoltaic shingles, are solar panels designed to look like and function as conventional roofing materials, such as asphalt shingle or slate, while also producing electricity. Solar shingles are a type of solar energy solution known as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).
There are several varieties of solar shingles, including shingle-sized solid panels that take the place of a number of conventional shingles in a strip, semi-rigid designs containing several silicon solar cells that are sized more like conventional shingles, and newer systems using various thin-film solar cell technologies that match conventional shingles both in size and flexibility. There are also products using a more traditional number of silicon solar cells per panel reaching as much as 100 watts DC rating per shingle.
Solar shingles are manufactured by several companies.
History
Solar shingles became commercially available in 2005. In a 2009 interview with Reuters, a spokesperson for the Dow Chemical Company estimated that their entry into the solar shingle market would generate $5 billion in revenue by 2015 and $10 billion by 2020. Dow solar shingles, known as the POWERHOUSE Solar System, first became available in Colorado, in October 2011. A 3rd generation of POWERHOUSE Solar System was exclusively licensed to RGS Energy for commercialization from 2017 until 2020, when RGS Energy filed for bankruptcy.
In October 2016, Tesla entered the solar shingle space in a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20H.%20Hoffecker
|
John Henry Hoffecker (September 12, 1827 – June 16, 1900) was an American engineer and politician from Smyrna in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party, who served as U.S. Representative from Delaware.
Early life and family
Hoffecker was born in Kent County, near Smyrna, Delaware, the son of Joseph and Rachel Van Gasken Hoffecker. He studied civil engineering and entered into that profession in 1853. He married twice, first to Annie E. Appleton, with whom he had four children, Walter, John A., James Edwin, and Annie. He married secondly, Charlotte Jerman, the widow of Joseph H. Hoffecker. She had been a missionary in China from 1875 to 1878.
Political career
Hoffecker was originally a member of the Whig Party, but like so many others, became a Republican in 1856. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876 and 1884. He was also president of the Smyrna town council from 1878 until 1898. Elected to the state House in 1888, he served in the 1889/90 session and was chosen Speaker. He ran for governor in 1896 as the candidate of both the Union Republicans (controlled by (J. Edward Addicks), and the National Party (a rival to the Prohibition Party). However, enough votes went to the regular (Anti-Addicks) Republican candidate, John C. Higgins, that Democrat Ebe W. Tunnell was elected.
Hoffecker was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1898, defeating incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative L. Irving Handy. He served in the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20O.%20Hoffecker
|
Walter Oakley Hoffecker (September 20, 1854 – January 23, 1934) was an American engineer, businessman and politician from Smyrna in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party and served as U.S. Representative from Delaware.
Early life and family
Hoffecker was born in Smyrna, Delaware. He graduated from Smyrna Seminary in 1872, and in September 1873, he entered Lehigh University at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where he studied civil engineering.
Professional career
Hoffecker was engaged in a variety of business ventures in the Smyrna area including farming, insurance, banking and canning. As a professional engineer with interest and expertise in transportation issues, he succeeded his father as President of the Philadelphia & Smyrna Transportation Co. He was also a Director of the Delaware Railroad and a member of the original State highway commission in 1917. Hoffecker's banking interest was the Fruit Growers Bank and Trust of Smyrna, of which he was President for thirty-two years.
In a special election on November 6, 1900 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father, U.S. Representative John H. Hoffecker, Walter Hoffecker was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, defeating Democrat Edward Fowler. He served in the Republican majority during the last session of the 56th Congress. He did not seek reelection to a full term and served only from November 6, 1900 until March 4, 1901, during the administration of U.S. President William McKinley. S
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.