source
stringlengths 32
209
| text
stringlengths 18
1.5k
|
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20exercise%20equipment
|
Hydraulic exercise equipment is a form of strength training equipment based on fluid dynamics to provide motion resistance by use of hydraulic cylinders. They can be used in a number of strength training programs, and are most often found in circuit training gyms.
Hydraulic circuit training machines were first developed for The Henley Corporation in the 1970s, and are now becoming an increasingly popular form of exercise.
The fundamental principles behind these designs are based on fluid dynamics: Force that is applied at one point is transmitted to another point using an incompressible fluid known as hydraulic oil.
For circuit training applications, each piece of equipment is specifically designed for a given exercise. The effort is applied through the range of motion of the exercise acts on a lever against a piston which moves linearly within a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder is filled with hydraulic oil which is displaced by the motion of the piston, and is allowed to flow to the opposite side of the piston through an adjustable orifice.
Resistance to the motion is determined by the amount of effort applied and the adjustment size of the orifice. This is a key feature of this design and allows the resistance to be adjusted to an individual's strength level.
See also
Cable machine
Free weight (equipment), for example dumbbells or barbells
Pneumatic exercise equipment
References
Exercise equipment
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20correlation
|
In probability theory and in particular in information theory, total correlation (Watanabe 1960) is one of several generalizations of the mutual information. It is also known as the multivariate constraint (Garner 1962) or multiinformation (Studený & Vejnarová 1999). It quantifies the redundancy or dependency among a set of n random variables.
Definition
For a given set of n random variables , the total correlation is defined as the Kullback–Leibler divergence from the joint distribution to the independent distribution of ,
This divergence reduces to the simpler difference of entropies,
where is the information entropy of variable , and is the joint entropy of the variable set . In terms of the discrete probability distributions on variables , the total correlation is given by
The total correlation is the amount of information shared among the variables in the set. The sum represents the amount of information in bits (assuming base-2 logs) that the variables would possess if they were totally independent of one another (non-redundant), or, equivalently, the average code length to transmit the values of all variables if each variable was (optimally) coded independently. The term is the actual amount of information that the variable set contains, or equivalently, the average code length to transmit the values of all variables if the set of variables was (optimally) coded together. The difference between
these terms therefore represents the absolute redundancy (in
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank%20EX
|
Tank Ex, or Karna Tank, was the code name of the prototype main battle tank developed by the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 2002.Tank ex is based on existing Arjun and Ajeya tank. This MBT uses turret and weapon system's of the Arjun MBT and chassis of the T-72 M1(Ajeya) MBT. Tank Ex was developed as an attempt to modernize India's existing Ajeya tanks, using technology derived from the development of the Arjun MBT. It was named after Karna, the chief protagonist of the Indian epic The Mahabharata. It underwent six months of trials, but was subsequently rejected by the Indian Army. Total eight Tank Ex prototypes were built.
History
The Tank Ex MBT uses the chassis of the T-72M1 (Ajeya) and turret and weapon system of the Arjun. It was developed in 2002 as a private venture and was intended to provide a solution for upgrading the Indian Army's ageing T-72M1 fleet. It was rejected by the Indian Army after eight prototypes and six months of trials.
On July 5, 2008, Gen. Dalip Bhardwaj, the Indian Army's Director General of Mechanized forces (DGMF), declared that the army had rejected Tank Ex. This was part of an announcement that there would be no further orders for Arjun tanks, and that the military would be inviting participants from various countries to discuss future tank developments.
Specifications
Weighing in at 47 tons, the Tank Ex is heavier than the T-72M1 (41 tons) and much lighter than the Arjun MBT, (58.4 tons). It has a power
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20quasispecies
|
A viral quasispecies is a population structure of viruses with a large number of variant genomes (related by mutations). Quasispecies result from high mutation rates as mutants arise continually and change in relative frequency as viral replication and selection proceeds.
The theory predicts that a viral quasispecies at a low but evolutionarily neutral and highly connected (that is, flat) region in the fitness landscape will outcompete a quasispecies located at a higher but narrower fitness peak in which the surrounding mutants are unfit. This phenomenon has been called 'the quasispecies effect' or, more recently, the 'survival of the flattest'.
The term quasispecies was adopted from a theory of the origin of life in which primitive replicons consisted of mutant distributions, as found experimentally with present-day RNA viruses within their host. The theory provided a new definition of wild type when describing viruses, and a conceptual framework for a deeper understanding of the adaptive potential of RNA viruses than is offered by classical studies based on simplified consensus sequences.
The quasispecies model is most applicable when the genome size is limited and the mutation rate is high, and so is most relevant to RNA viruses (including important pathogens) because they have high mutation rates (approx one error per round of replication), though the concepts can apply to other biological entities such as reverse transcribing DNA viruses like hepatitis B. In such scen
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20resonance%20elastography
|
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a form of elastography that specifically leverages MRI to quantify and subsequently map the mechanical properties (elasticity or stiffness) of soft tissue. First developed and described at Mayo Clinic by Muthupillai et al. in 1995, MRE has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive diagnostic tool, namely as an alternative to biopsy and serum tests for staging liver fibrosis.
Diseased tissue (e.g. a breast tumor) is often stiffer than the surrounding normal (fibroglandular) tissue, providing motivation to assess tissue stiffness. This principle of operation is the basis for the longstanding practice of palpation, which, however, is limited (except at surgery) to superficial organs and pathologies, and by its subjective, qualitative nature, depending on the skill and touch sensitivity of the practitioner. Conventional imaging techniques of CT, MRI, US, and nuclear medicine are unable to offer any insight on the elastic modulus of soft tissue. MRE, as a quantitative method of assessing tissue stiffness, provides reliable insight to visualize a variety of disease processes which affect tissue stiffness in the liver, brain, heart, pancreas, kidney, spleen, breast, uterus, prostate, and skeletal muscle.
MRE is conducted in three steps: first, a mechanical vibrator is used on the surface of the patient's body to generate shear waves that travel into the patient's deeper tissues; second, an MRI acquisition sequence measures the propagation and vel
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20J.%20Hudson
|
Thomas James Hudson, O.C., (born June 12, 1961) is a Canadian genome scientist noted for his leading role in the generation of physical maps of the human and mouse genomes and also his role in the International HapMap Project whose goal is to develop a haplotype map of the human genome.
As director of the McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, which he established, Hudson and his team have made a number of discoveries in human genetics. These include genes mutated in rare diseases and genes involved in complex diseases such as asthma, type II diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease.
In July 2006, he was appointed president and scientific director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. He is also editor-in-chief of the journal Human Genetics.
Thomas Hudson is married and has five children.
Beginnings and early career
Hudson was born in 1961 in Arvida, Quebec, where his father was a chemist for Alcan. He has six sisters including a twin sister.
He earned his M.D. degree in 1985 from the Université de Montréal. Then, he did residencies in internal medicine and Clinical Immunology and Allergy, the latter at McGill University Health Centre. In 1990, after a year of postdoctoral experience under the supervision of Emil Skamene and Danuta Radzioch, he went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a fellowship with David Housman.
There he became involved with Eric Lander's projects and eventually led the effort to build a physical map of the human
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20of%20Track%20and%20Field%20Statisticians
|
The Association of Track and Field Statisticians (ATFS) was founded in 1950. It is an international organization run by volunteers whose goal is to collect and disseminate the statistics of track and field athletics.
Foundation
On 26 August 1950 at the Café de la Madeleine in the Rue de la Montagne, Brussels, Belgium, whilst attending the 1950 European Athletics Championships, the Association of Track and Field Statisticians was founded.
Two of the founding members, Roberto Quercetani and Donald Potts, had published in 1948 the first study of world all-time lists, A Handbook on Olympic Games Track and Field Athletics. Readers of this book were inspired to found an international association of track statisticians. One of the founding members, the Belgian journalist André Greuze, organised the first meeting on 26 August. One of the meeting's first acts was to elect Harold Abrahams as honorary president.
Founding members
President: Roberto Quercetani (Italy)
Secretary: Fulvio Regli (Switzerland)
Committee: Norris McWhirter (UK), Donald Potts (USA)
Members: Harold Abrahams (UK) - Hon. President, Bruno Bonomelli (Italy), André Greuze (Belgium), Erich Kamper (Austria), Ekkehard zur Megede (Germany), André Senay (France), Björn-Johan Weckman (Finland), Wolfgang Wünsche (Germany)
Note: two of the founders, Potts and Wünsche, were not actually present at the first meeting but are considered as founding members.
Yearbook
The association has published an annual yearbook
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyon%20classification
|
The Timpe and Runyon classification of nontuberculous mycobacteria based on the rate of growth, production of yellow pigment and whether this pigment was produced in the dark or only after exposure to light.
It was introduced by Ernest Runyon in 1959.
On these bases, the nontuberculous mycobacteria are divided into four groups:
Slowly growing Mycobacteria
The first three groups are classified as "Slowly growing Mycobacteria".
Runyon I: Photochromogens
Runyon I organisms (photochromogens) are slow growing, and produce a yellow-orange pigment when exposed to light. The group includes
Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium intermedium, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium asiaticum, and Mycobacterium simiae. Mycobacterium szulgai is a photochromogen when grown at 24 degrees, and a scotochromogen at 37 degrees. In contrast, Runyon classifications III through IV are considered nonphotochromogens, in that exposure to light does not make them produce pigment which they would not develop in dark growing conditions.
Runyon II: Scotochromogens
Runyon II organisms (scotochromogens) are slow-growing and produce a yellow-orange pigment regardless of whether they are grown in the dark or the light. The group includes Mycobacterium xenopi, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium gordonae, among others. Mycobacterium szulgai is a scotochromogen when grown at 37 degrees, as mentioned above.
Runyon III: Nonchromogens
Runyon III organisms (nonchromogens) are slow-growing and neve
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldwide%20Protein%20Data%20Bank
|
The Worldwide Protein Data Bank, wwPDB, is an organization that maintains the archive of macromolecular structure. Its mission is to maintain a single Protein Data Bank Archive of macromolecular structural data that is freely and publicly available to the global community.
The organization has five members:
Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Database (RCSB PDB)
Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe)
Protein Data Bank Japan (PDBj)
Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank (BMRB)
Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB).
The wwPDB was founded in 2003 by RCSB PDB (USA), PDBe (Europe) and PDBj (Japan). In 2006 BMRB (USA) joined the wwPDB. EMDB (UK) joined in 2021.
Each member's site can accept structural data and process the data. The processed data is sent to the "archive keeper". The RCSB PDB presently acts as the "archive keeper". This ensures that there is only one version of the data which is identical for all users. The modified database is then made available to the other wwPDB members, each of whom makes the resulting structure files available through their websites to the public. (Data is accessed from the wwPDB website itself only through links to the member websites.) The member sites are more than just mirrors of the archive keeper, because the members offer different tools on their websites for analysing the structures in the database.
Accomplishments
2008 The wwPDB now requires that, in addition to atomic coordinates, structure factor amp
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20system%20%28control%20theory%29
|
The terms closed system and open system have long been defined in the widely (and long before any sort of amplifier was invented) established subject of thermodynamics, in terms that have nothing to do with the concepts of feedback and feedforward. The terms 'feedforward' and 'feedback' arose first in the 1920s in the theory of amplifier design, more recently than the thermodynamic terms. Negative feedback was eventually patented by H.S Black in 1934. In thermodynamics, an open system is one that can take in and give out ponderable matter. In thermodynamics, a closed system is one that cannot take in or give out ponderable matter, but may be able to take in or give out radiation and heat and work or any form of energy. In thermodynamics, a closed system can be further restricted, by being 'isolated': an isolated system cannot take in nor give out either ponderable matter or any form of energy. It does not make sense to try to use these well established terms to try to distinguish the presence or absence of feedback in a control system.
The theory of control systems leaves room for systems with both feedforward pathways and feedback elements or pathways. The terms 'feedforward' and 'feedback' refer to elements or paths within a system, not to a system as a whole. THE input to the system comes from outside it, as energy from the signal source by way of some possibly leaky or noisy path. Part of the output of a system can be compounded, with the intermediacy of a feedback path,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocrystalline%20material
|
A nanocrystalline (NC) material is a polycrystalline material with a crystallite size of only a few nanometers. These materials fill the gap between amorphous materials without any long range order and conventional coarse-grained materials. Definitions vary, but nanocrystalline material is commonly defined as a crystallite (grain) size below 100 nm. Grain sizes from 100–500 nm are typically considered "ultrafine" grains.
The grain size of a NC sample can be estimated using x-ray diffraction. In materials with very small grain sizes, the diffraction peaks will be broadened. This broadening can be related to a crystallite size using the Scherrer equation (applicable up to ~50 nm), a Williamson-Hall plot, or more sophisticated methods such as the Warren-Averbach method or computer modeling of the diffraction pattern. The crystallite size can be measured directly using transmission electron microscopy.
Synthesis
Nanocrystalline materials can be prepared in several ways. Methods are typically categorized based on the phase of matter the material transitions through before forming the nanocrystalline final product.
Solid-state processing
Solid-state processes do not involve melting or evaporating the material and are typically done at relatively low temperatures. Examples of solid state processes include mechanical alloying using a high-energy ball mill and certain types of severe plastic deformation processes.
Liquid processing
Nanocrystalline metals can be produced by rapi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphorin
|
Semaphorins are a class of secreted and membrane proteins that were originally identified as axonal growth cone guidance molecules. They primarily act as short-range inhibitory signals and signal through multimeric receptor complexes. Semaphorins are usually cues to deflect axons from inappropriate regions, especially important in the neural system development. The major class of proteins that act as their receptors are called plexins, with neuropilins as their co-receptors in many cases. The main receptors for semaphorins are plexins, which have established roles in regulating Rho-family GTPases. Recent work shows that plexins can also influence R-Ras, which, in turn, can regulate integrins. Such regulation is probably a common feature of semaphorin signalling and contributes substantially to our understanding of semaphorin biology.
Every semaphorin is characterised by the expression of a specific region of about 500 amino acids called the sema domain.
Semaphorins were named after the English word Semaphore, which originated from Greek, meaning sign-bearer.
Classes
The Semaphorins are grouped into eight major classes based on structure and phylogenetic tree analyses. The first seven are ordered by number, from class 1 to class 7. The eighth group is class V, where V stands for virus. Classes 1 and 2 are found in invertebrates only, whilst classes 3, 4, 6, and 7 are found in vertebrates only. Class 5 is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and class V is specif
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Morris
|
Carl Morris may refer to:
Carl Morris (painter) (1911–1993), American painter
Carl E. Morris (1887–1951), American boxer
Carl Morris (statistician), professor of statistics at Harvard University
Carl Morris, a fictional character in the British TV series, Moving Wallpaper
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK%20Celje
|
Rokometni klub Celje () or simply RK Celje, currently named Celje Pivovarna Laško () due to sponsorship reasons, is a professional handball club from Celje, Slovenia. They were the winners of the Champions League in the 2003–04 season, becoming European club champions by defeating German side SG Flensburg-Handewitt in the final. Celje play their home games at Zlatorog Arena with a capacity for 5,191 spectators.
History
The first handball match in Celje was played in 1942. After World War II, handball became the most popular sport in this Slovenian town. By May 1945, there were already two established teams in Celje: Celje and Olimp. The two teams were city rivals and played multiple matches against each other. Therefore, the year 1946 is marked as the official beginning of handball in Celje.
In 1947, the two rival teams finally united to form a new, central sports society, Kladivar Sports Association. Among the 21 sports that were incorporated in this association, was the handball club. The first season of the national league began in 1949, and Celje won the first title amongst the competition of six other teams without a defeat. The winning streak continued until 1954; with an exception of a single draw against other Slovenian teams. The knowledge and skill of the game was successfully transferred from a former German national handball player and a World War II prisoner of war Fritz Knoffler, and thanks to him, the Celje handball club was already one of the best in former
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwood%20approximation
|
The Kirkwood superposition approximation was introduced in 1935 by John G. Kirkwood as a means of representing a discrete probability distribution. The Kirkwood approximation for a discrete probability density function is given by
where
is the product of probabilities over all subsets of variables of size i in variable set . This kind of formula has been considered by Watanabe (1960) and, according to Watanabe, also by Robert Fano. For the three-variable case, it reduces to simply
The Kirkwood approximation does not generally produce a valid probability distribution (the normalization condition is violated). Watanabe claims that for this reason informational expressions of this type are not meaningful, and indeed there has been very little written about the properties of this measure. The Kirkwood approximation is the probabilistic counterpart of the interaction information.
Judea Pearl (1988 §3.2.4) indicates that an expression of this type can be exact in the case of a decomposable model, that is, a probability distribution that admits a graph structure whose cliques form a tree. In such cases, the numerator contains the product of the intra-clique joint distributions and the denominator contains the product of the clique intersection distributions.
References
Jakulin, A. & Bratko, I. (2004), Quantifying and visualizing attribute interactions: An approach based on entropy, Journal of Machine Learning Research, (submitted) pp. 38–43.
Discrete distributi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20intensely%20fluorescent%20cell
|
Small intensely fluorescent cells (SIF cells) are the interneurons of the sympathetic ganglia (postganglionic neurons) of the Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The neurotransmitter for these cells is dopamine. They are a neural crest derivative and share a common sympathoadrenal precursor cell with sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla).
Although an autonomic ganglion is the site where pregangllonlc fibers synapse on postganglionic neurons, the presence of small interneurons has been recognized. These cells exhibit catecholamine fluorescence and are referred to as small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. In some ganglia, these intemeurons receive preganglionic cholinergic fibers and may modulate ganglionic transmission. In other ganglia, they receive collateral branches and may serve some Integrative function. Many SIF cells contain dopamine, which Is thought to be their transmitter.
External links
https://shop.lww.com/Snell-s-Clinical-Neuroanatomy/p/9781496346759
Cell biology
Autonomic nervous system
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Indonesia-related%20topics
|
This is a list of topics related to Indonesia.
Cities in Indonesia
List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
List of cities in Indonesia including population statistics
Jakarta
Lists
Colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta
Governors of Jakarta
Radio stations in Jakarta
Areas of Jakarta
Districts of Jakarta
List of districts of Jakarta
Buildings and structures in Jakarta
See Architecture of Indonesia
Transport in Jakarta
Communications in Indonesia
Communications in Indonesia
.id
Internet in Indonesia
Palapa
Mobile phone companies of Indonesia
Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison
Smartfren
Telkomsel
XL Axiata
Indonesian culture
Indonesian architecture
Indonesian architecture
Traditional architecture
Buildings and structures in Indonesia
Kelong
Villa Isola
Buildings and structures in Jakarta
Palaces in Indonesia
Istana Bogor
Istana Luwu
Istana Maimun
Istana Merdeka
Istana Negara, Jakarta
Istana Wakil Presiden
Prisons
Kambangan Island
Shopping malls
#Shopping malls in Jakarta
#Shopping malls in Bandung
#Shopping malls in Surabaya
#Shopping malls in Batam
Towers
Monumen Nasional
Wisma 46
Architects
Albert Aalbers
Thomas Karsten
Gunadharma
Indonesian art and culture
Bisj Pole
Artists
List of Indonesian painters
Photographers
Isidore van Kinsbergen
Indonesian culture
Indonesian folklore and Balinese mythology
Ameta
Hainuwele
Malin Kundang
Balinese mythology
Cinema
Useful links
Cinema of Indonesia
Indonesian Film Festiva
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Mix
|
Radio Mix is a Bosnian commercial radio station, broadcasting from Sarajevo.
History and programming
Radio Mix was founded on 18 May 2016 when RSG Group bought the frequency from Radio Vrhbosna. Radio Mix is formatted as a variety radio service that broadcasts greatest pop and folk hits, talk shows and short news.
The program is currently broadcast at one frequency (Sarajevo ), estimated number of potential listeners is around 426,581. Radio Mix is part of the informal media group in the radio market of Bosnia and Herzegovina called RSG Group.
RSG Group consists of three radio programs RSG Radio, Antena Sarajevo and Radio Mix, marketing agency and production – Netra, radio news production services – Media servis, and Web portals and .
Frequencies
The program is currently broadcast on 7 frequencies:
Sarajevo
Travnik
Zenica
Tešanj
Mostar
Tuzla
Konjic
See also
List of radio stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
References
External links
Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Radio Mix in Facebook
Sarajevo
Radio stations established in 2016
Mass media in Sarajevo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Gottschalk%20%28biochemist%29
|
Alfred Gottschalk (22 April 1894 – 4 October 1973) was a German biochemist who was a leading authority in glycoprotein research. During his career he wrote 216 research papers and reviews, and four books.
Gottschalk was born in Aachen, the third of four children to Benjamin and Rosa Gottschalk. He choose to study medicine, from 1912 he attended the Universities of Munich, Freiburg im Breisgau and Bonn; the War interrupted his studies, but he completed them in 1920 graduating MD from the University of Bonn. He completed clinical work experience at the medical schools of Frankfurt am Main and Würzburg and physiology-biochemistry studies at Bonn, that led to his first publications, an award from the University of Madrid and an invitation to work at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Experimental Therapy and Biochemistry with Carl Neuberg.
In 1923 he married Lisbeth Berta Orgler; together they had one son. They separated in 1950.
Gottschalk left the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry in 1926 to become Director of the Biochemical Department at the General Hospital in Stettin. He left the hospital in 1934 following upheaval in Nazi Germany and entered private practice, left for England in the spring of 1939, and on to Melbourne in July. He was offered a position as a biochemist by Charles Kellaway Director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute; he also taught biochemistry and organic chemistry at the Melbourne Technical College and later at the University of Melbourne. In
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Gottschalk
|
Alfred Gottschalk may refer to:
Alfred Gottschalk (biochemist) (1894–1973), glycoprotein researcher
Alfred Gottschalk (rabbi) (1930–2009), President of Hebrew Union College
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERVO%20Magazine
|
SERVO Magazine is a monthly robotics publication produced by T&L Publications. The first issue appeared in November 2003. SERVO Magazine was a primary sponsor behind the Tetsujin competition, a contest where teams were challenged to design robotic exoskeletons capable of lifting weights.
Columns
SERVO Magazine has a number of recurring columns that deal with various areas of robotics:
Mind/Iron, an editorial column with new authors virtually every month.
Twin Tweaks, a column dedicated to "hacking" robotics kits and imbuing them with new abilities.
Rubberbands and Bailing Wire, a column concerned with various electronics modifications that can be made to robots.
Lessons From The Laboratory, a column directed at a younger age group that features various projects with the LEGO Mindstorms robotics kit.
Combat Zone, a column that deals specifically with combat robotics and competitions.
Brain Matrix, a table of information on a variety of subjects, ranging from servo motors to batteries.
Ask Mr. Roboto, essentially in the form of an advice column, where readers write in with robotics projects related problems and questions.
Robytes, a short column that showcases interesting tidbits from the robotics world, ranging from new military projects to the creations of rogue tinkerers.
Menagerie, a short column where readers send in descriptions and pictures of their personal projects.
Then and Now, a column that recalls robots from the past.
Appetizer, a column at the end of the magazin
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20trap%20flash
|
Charge trap flash (CTF) is a semiconductor memory technology used in creating non-volatile NOR and NAND flash memory. It is a type of floating-gate MOSFET memory technology, but differs from the conventional floating-gate technology in that it uses a silicon nitride film to store electrons rather than the doped polycrystalline silicon typical of a floating-gate structure. This approach allows memory manufacturers to reduce manufacturing costs five ways:
Fewer process steps are required to form a charge storage node
Smaller process geometries can be used (therefore reducing chip size and cost)
Multiple bits can be stored on a single flash memory cell
Improved reliability
Higher yield since the charge trap is less susceptible to point defects in the tunnel oxide layer
While the charge-trapping concept was around earlier, it wasn't until 2002 that AMD and Fujitsu produced high-volume charge-trapping flash memory. They began the commercial production of charge-trapping flash memory with the introduction of the GL NOR flash memory family. The same business, now operating under the Spansion name, has produced charge trapping devices in high volume since that time. Charge trapping flash accounted for 30% of 2008's $2.5 billion NOR flash market. Saifun Semiconductors, who licensed a large charge trapping technology portfolio to several companies, was acquired by Spansion in March 2008. From the late 2000s, CTF became a core component of 3D V-NAND flash memory developed by Tos
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt%20Bengtsson%20Oxenstierna
|
Bengt Bengtsson Oxenstierna af Eka och Lindö, Baron of Eka and Lindö (1591 at Frösvik near Rydbo – 1643 in Riga, Swedish Livonia), in non-contemporary sources sometimes referred to as Resare-Bengt ("Bengt the Traveller"), was a Swedish diplomat and noble, Swedish Privy Councillor, and Governor-General of Ingria and Livonia. He is mainly known for his extensive travels, as he was one of the few Swedish contemporaries who travelled to Persia, Palestine and Egypt.
Biography
Bengt Bengtsson was a member of the influential Oxenstierna family and was born in 1591 to Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna the Elder, councillor to Charles, Duke of Södermanland, Närke and Värmland (later King Charles IX), and his second wife Brita Posse.
As was customary in the Oxenstierna family, he was educated abroad and spent the years 1607–1613 travelling the European continent, studying at the German universities of Rostock, Jena and Wittenberg and visiting Poland and Italy. He visited Palestine in 1613 but was robbed and returned impoverished to Italy, where he entered the service of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo II de' Medici.
In 1616 he travelled to the Middle East again, through Asia Minor to Aleppo, Baghdad and Isfahan, making him the first Swede known to have visited Safavid Persia. He entered the service of Shah Abbas I for a time. From there, he continued to Hormuz, seeking passage to India, but was forced to return to Isfahan by way of Shiraz. After travelling back through Baghdad, Alepp
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD155
|
CD155 (cluster of differentiation 155), also known as the poliovirus receptor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PVR gene. It is a transmembrane protein that is involved in forming junctions between neighboring cells. It is also the molecule that poliovirus uses to enter cells. The gene is specific to the primates.
Function
CD155 is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Its normal cellular function is in the establishment of intercellular adherens junctions between epithelial cells.
The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1.
The role of CD155 in the immune system is unclear, though it may be involved in intestinal humoral immune responses. Subsequent data has also suggested that CD155 may also be used to positively select MHC-independent T cells in the thymus.
Polio
Commonly known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), the protein serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication. Transgenic mice that express the PVR gene have been constructed in order to study polio experimentally.
Structure
CD155 is a transmembrane protein with 3 extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, D1-D3, where D1 is recognized by the virus.
Low resolution structures of CD155 complexed with poliovirus have been obtained using electron microscopy while a high resolution structures
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Ford
|
Brian Ford may refer to:
Brian Ford (numerical analyst), numerical analyst and founder of the Numerical Algorithms Group
Brian Ford (cricketer) (born 1970), New Zealand cricketer
Brian Ford (police officer), Ottawa Police Service police chief, 1993–2000
Brian Ford (ice hockey) (born 1961), former NHL player
Brian J. Ford (born 1939), scientist, broadcaster and author
Brian Ford (British radio broadcaster), works for Scottish radio station 1152 Clyde 2
Brian Ford (rugby union) (born 1951), New Zealand rugby player
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean%20decimal%20classification
|
The Korean Decimal Classification (KDC) is a system of library classification used in South Korea. The structure and main level classes of the KDC are based on the Dewey Decimal Classification. The KDC is maintained and published by the Classification Committee of the Korean Library Association. The first edition of the classification was published in 1964; the most recent edition is the sixth edition published in 2013. Almost all school and public libraries in South Korea use the KDC to organize their collections, as well as the National Library of Korea and some university libraries.
History
Multiple library classification systems had been developed for Korean libraries before the publication of the KDC. These included the Railway Bureau Library Classification (1920), the Korean Decimal Classification edited by Bong-Suk Park (known as KDCP, 1947), the Han-Un Decimal Classification (1954), and the Kuk-Yeon Decimal Classification (1958).After the disappearance of editor Bong-Suk Park in the 1950s, the KDCP system decreased in use. Korean librarians considered adopting the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), especially after it was implemented at Yonsei University in 1957, but struggled to apply it to East Asian and Korean-focused works in their collections.
In February 1963, members of the Korean Library Association's Classification were appointed to create a national classification; they decided to make revisions to the order of the main classes of the DDC, for example bri
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINPACK
|
MINPACK is a library of FORTRAN subroutines for the solving of systems of nonlinear equations, or the least-squares minimization of the residual of a set of linear or nonlinear equations.
MINPACK, along with other similar libraries such as LINPACK and EISPACK, originated from the Mathematics and Computer Science Division Software (MCS) of Argonne National Laboratory. Written by Jorge Moré, Burt Garbow, and Ken Hillstrom, MINPACK is free and designed to be highly portable, robust and reliable. The quality of its implementation of the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is attested by Dennis and Schnabel.
Five algorithmic paths each include a core subroutine and a driver routine. The algorithms proceed either from an analytic specification of the Jacobian matrix or directly from the problem functions. The paths include facilities for systems of equations with a banded Jacobian matrix, for least-squares problems with a large amount of data, and for checking the consistency of the Jacobian matrix with the functions.
References
J. J. Moré, B. S. Garbow, and K. E. Hillstrom, User Guide for MINPACK-1, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL-80-74, Argonne, Ill., 1980.
J. J. Moré, D. C. Sorensen, K. E. Hillstrom, and B. S. Garbow, The MINPACK Project, in Sources and Development of Mathematical Software, W. J. Cowell, ed., Prentice-Hall, pages 88–111, 1984.
External links
Netlib download site
User Guide for MINPACK-1, Chapters 1 to 3, from J. J. Moré website
User Guide for MINPACK-
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual%20clustering
|
Conceptual clustering is a machine learning paradigm for unsupervised classification that has been defined by Ryszard S. Michalski in 1980 (Fisher 1987, Michalski 1980) and developed mainly during the 1980s. It is distinguished from ordinary data clustering by generating a concept description for each generated class. Most conceptual clustering methods are capable of generating hierarchical category structures; see Categorization for more information on hierarchy. Conceptual clustering is closely related to formal concept analysis, decision tree learning, and mixture model learning.
Conceptual clustering vs. data clustering
Conceptual clustering is obviously closely related to data clustering; however, in conceptual clustering it is not only the inherent structure of the data that drives cluster formation, but also the Description language which is available to the learner. Thus, a statistically strong grouping in the data may fail to be extracted by the learner if the prevailing concept description language is incapable of describing that particular regularity. In most implementations, the description language has been limited to feature conjunction, although in COBWEB (see "COBWEB" below), the feature language is probabilistic.
List of published algorithms
A fair number of algorithms have been proposed for conceptual clustering. Some examples are given below:
CLUSTER/2 (Michalski & Stepp 1983)
COBWEB (Fisher 1987)
CYRUS (Kolodner 1983)
GALOIS (Carpineto & Roma
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastContact
|
FastContact is an algorithm for the rapid estimate of contact and binding free energies for protein–protein complex structures. It is based on a statistically determined desolvation contact potential and Coulomb electrostatics with a distance-dependent dielectric constant. The application also reports residue contact free energies that rapidly highlight the hotspots of the interaction.
The programme was written in Fortran 77 by Carlos J. Camacho and Chao Zhang at the Department of Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA. A web server for running FastContact online or downloading the binary was set up by P. Christoph Champ in July 2005.
References
External links
FastContact binaries — binaries are freely available for download (with documentation).
FastContact Server — set up by P. Christoph Champ in July 2005.
FastContact Wiki
Bioinformatics
Fortran software
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Staebler
|
Edna Staebler (January 15, 1906 – September 12, 2006) was a Canadian writer and award-winning literary journalist, best known for her series of cookbooks, particularly Food That Really Schmecks which is currently available in e-book form. While the book contains Mennonite recipes, the content also includes stories and anecdotes about life and home cooking in the rural areas of the Waterloo Region.
Life
Edna Staebler was born in Berlin, Ontario (renamed Kitchener during World War I) in 1906 and grew up there.
Edna's birth certificate shows her name was originally registered as Cora Margaret Cress and later changed, (by annotation on birth certificate referencing a 1910 letter), to Edna Louisa Cress. She was the daughter of machinist, John Gerp Cress (7 April 1875 – 23 October 1932) and Louise Cress (née Sattler) (24 January 1881 – 8 March 1972) who were married 15 July 1903.
Staebler received a BA from the University of Toronto and a teacher's certificate from the Ontario College of Education. Staebler married in 1933, but divorced in 1962. Beginning in 1948, she wrote articles for Maclean's, Chatelaine, Saturday Night, Reader's Digest, Star Weekly and other newspapers and magazines; she has also written non-fiction with Canadian themes. In 1991, she established an award for creative non-fiction, awarded annually by Wilfrid Laurier University. Staebler was awarded membership to the Order of Canada in 1996.
She died of a stroke in Waterloo, Ontario, in 2006 at the age o
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineal%20membrane
|
The perineal membrane is an anatomical term for a fibrous membrane in the perineum. The term "inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm", used in older texts, is considered equivalent to the perineal membrane.
It is the superior border of the superficial perineal pouch, and the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch.
Structure
The perineal membrane is triangular in shape. It attaches to both ischiopubic rami of the pelvis. It also attaches to the perineal body. It is about 4 cm. in depth.
Its apex is directed forward, and is separated from the arcuate pubic ligament by an oval opening for the transmission of the deep dorsal vein of the penis or the deep dorsal vein of the clitoris.
Its lateral margins are attached on either side to the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium, above the crus penis.
Its base is directed toward the rectum, and connected to the central tendinous point of the perineum. The base is fused with both the pelvic fascia and Colle's fascia.
Relations
It is continuous with the deep layer of the superficial fascia behind the superficial transverse perineal muscle, and with the inferior layer of the diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia.
Perforations
In males, it is perforated, about 2.5 cm below the pubic symphysis, by the urethra, the aperture for which is circular and about 6 mm in diameter, by the arteries to the bulb, and the ducts of the bulbourethral glands close to the urethral orifice; by the deep arteries of the penis, one on either s
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20perineal%20pouch
|
The deep perineal pouch (also deep perineal space) is the anatomic space enclosed in part by the perineum, and located superior to the perineal membrane.
Structure
The deep perineal pouch is bordered inferiorly by the perineal membrane, also known as the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. It is bordered superiorly by the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. The deep pouch is now described as the region between the perineal membrane and the pelvic diaphragm.
Contents
The deep perineal pouch contains:
muscles
Deep transverse perineal muscles
External sphincter muscle of male urethra
External sphincter muscle of female urethra
Compressor urethrae muscle in the female is sometimes included
Urethrovaginal sphincter in the female is sometimes included
other
Membranous urethra in the male; proximal portion of urethra in the female
Bulbourethral gland (males). The Bartholin gland, the female counterpart is in the superficial perineal pouch
Vagina (females)
"Urogenital diaphragm"
Older texts have asserted the existence of a "urogenital diaphragm", which was described as a layer of the pelvis that separates the deep perineal sac from the upper pelvis. The deep perineal pouch lies between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm and superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
Additional images
See also
Superficial perineal pouch
Urogenital diaphragm
Pelvic floor
Perineum
References
External links
– "The Female Perineum: The Perineal Nerve"
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20threatened%20flora%20of%20Australia
|
The list of threatened flora of Australia includes all plant species listed as critically endangered or endangered in Australia under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).
Critically endangered
Endangered
See also
Flora of Australia
List of extinct flora of Australia
ROTAP
Threatened fauna of Australia
References
External links
Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) licence.
Threatened
Lists of plants of Australia
.Australia
Australian plants
Australian plants
.T
.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20G.%20Callard
|
Charles "Chuck" Gordon Callard (2 June 1923 – 1 May 2004) was a prominent figure in the financial community due to his innovative application of mathematics and statistics to stock analysis. Born in Lansing, Michigan, he was a Corsair fighter pilot on an aircraft carrier while serving in the United States Navy during World War II. After his military service, Callard earned his MBA at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 1943. He then taught statistics at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio for several years.
Callard worked as a securities analyst in Chicago. He then held marketing and planning positions at Armour & Co. and Ball Brothers. In 1969, Callard left the corporate sector and started Callard, Madden & Associates. The insights that he developed became a bridge between academic finance and the worlds of corporate finance and asset management. Callard was the first in the inflationary 1970s to adjust standard accounting data so that they would conform with the financial concepts then being developed at the Graduate School of Business. He recognized the flaws in the traditional accounting measures and developed alternative economic measures of corporate performance. He used this approach to demonstrate that the effective corporate tax rates were much higher than the legislated rates and differed greatly among firms that otherwise appeared to be subject to the same tax rates.
One of Callard’s greatest contributions was to develop a systematic explanation
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone%20Crystal
|
Tyrone Crystal was a crystal manufacturing company in Dungannon, County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.
History
Glass-making and -decoration in County Tyrone can be dated back to the early medieval period, where Dunmisk outside Carrickmore was a centre for manufacture and provides the first evidence of glass work in Europe Modern glass work dates to 1771, when Benjamin Edwards founded a company in County Tyrone, Ireland. Tyrone Crystal was set up two hundred years later in 1971, by Father Austin Eustace to create employment in the Dungannon area of County Tyrone. There was not a lot of employment in the area at the time, and nobody in the area knew anything about making crystal. An advertisement was placed in a national newspaper, seeking someone who could train people in the area. Two Austrians, a master blower and a master cutter, were hiking across England and read the advertisement; they came over to train the employees. Trainees began practising on glass jars and bottles until they became skilled enough to make crystal on their own, and they set up a glass-blowing shop in Dungannon.
In 1988 the company was awarded an ISO 9000 for quality; the youngest glasshouse in Ireland or the U.K. to gain the recognised standard. A new factory, built in 1990, is also a tourist attraction. Tyrone Crystal acquired Tipperary Crystal in 2000 as part of an investment plan that spent £500,000 on a new visitors' centre that opened in 2001. The company was acquired by businessmen Peter Maginn
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snooky%20Serna
|
Maria Milagros "Snooky" Sumayao Serna (born April 4, 1966) is a Filipino actress. Regarded as the “Eternal Star” by the local media, she is best known for her portrayals in Anak ni Waray, Anak ni Biday (1984); Blusang Itim (1986) and Rosa Mistica.
With a career spanning over five decades, Serna is regarded as one of the Filipina actresses with the most beautiful faces and one of the most respected actresses of her generation. At the age of 3, she made her debut in the film Wanted: Perfect Mother (1970) and earned her further recognitions as a child actress. Launched as one of the original "Regal Babies", she became one of tinseltown's most bankable leading dramatic actresses in the 1980s. She attained commercial peak after top billing the career-defining fantasy-romance film Blusang Itim, which became one of the biggest box-office successes of 80s decade.
Serna has since received countless accolades in local and international scene. She notably won two awards for "Best Actress" and "Jury Award" at the 11th International Film Festival Manhattan in New York City, becoming the first Filipino actor to win two major awards at the film festival. She is also a recipient of three FAMAS Awards and three PMPC Star Awards for Movies, including several nominations from Gawad Urian Awards and FAP Awards.
Early life
Being the daughter of actors Von Serna of Filipinos Spanish Ancestry and Mila Ocampo, she started acting early in life via her 1970 landmark debut Wanted: Perfect Mothe
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20optimized%20protein%20energy
|
DOPE, or Discrete Optimized Protein Energy, is a statistical potential used to assess homology models in protein structure prediction. DOPE is based on an improved reference state that corresponds to noninteracting atoms in a homogeneous sphere with the radius dependent on a sample native structure; it thus accounts for the finite and spherical shape of the native structures. It is implemented in the popular homology modeling program MODELLER and used to assess the energy of the protein model generated through many iterations by MODELLER, which produces homology models by the satisfaction of spatial restraints. The models returning the minimum molpdfs can be chosen as best probable structures and can be further used for evaluating with the DOPE score. Like the current version of the MODELLER software, DOPE is implemented in Python and is run within the MODELLER environment. The DOPE method is generally used to assess the quality of a structure model as a whole. Alternatively, DOPE can also generate a residue-by-residue energy profile for the input model, making it possible for the user to spot the problematic region in the structure model.
References
External links
MODELLER main site
MODELLER manual
Protein structure
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20of%20Loughmoe
|
The title Baron of Loughmoe is an Irish feudal barony located in northern County Tipperary, Ireland. It was first held by Richard Purcell but the lands and castle were actually secured by Hugh Purcell of Loughmoe, first lord of Loughmoe. The title was possibly raised to a Jacobite peerage in 1690 while James II was in exile, Marquis de Ruvigny notes this in his 'The Jacobite Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Grants of Honour' Click here for link. The feudal title was granted to Richard Purcell in 1328 by James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond as palatine Lord of Tipperary. Irish and Scottish feudal titles, particularly those granted by palatine lords, are difficult to classify in law, they are acknowledged as genuine hereditaments by the arms granting bodies of Ireland, Scotland, and England, but were never formally recognized by the Crown.
The seat of the Baron of Loughmoe is Loughmoe Castle at Loughmore Village, Templemore, Co. Tipperary.
History
The earliest documented Purcell is the Norman Hugh Purcell, who, in 1035 AD, granted the tithes of Montmarquet, a vill on the frontiers of Picardy, and near Aumerle, to the Abbey of Aumerle.
The successor of Sir Hugh Purcell was Dyno Purcell, who in about 1120, received a grant of the manor of Catteshull, Surrey, from King Henry I. Catteshull is a manor and tithing the north-east of Godalming (Surrey), and included lands in Chiddingfold. Øyno married a daughter of Nigel de Broc, a famous Justiciar of the time. In 1129–30, his elder
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed%20percolation
|
In statistical physics, directed percolation (DP) refers to a class of models that mimic filtering of fluids through porous materials along a given direction, due to the effect of gravity. Varying the microscopic connectivity of the pores, these models display a phase transition from a macroscopically permeable (percolating) to an impermeable (non-percolating) state. Directed percolation is also used as a simple model for epidemic spreading with a transition between survival and extinction of the disease depending on the infection rate.
More generally, the term directed percolation stands for a universality class of continuous phase transitions which are characterized by the same type of collective behavior on large scales. Directed percolation is probably the simplest universality class of transitions out of thermal equilibrium.
Lattice models
One of the simplest realizations of DP is bond directed percolation. This model is a directed variant of ordinary (isotropic) percolation and can be introduced as follows. The figure shows a tilted square lattice with bonds connecting neighboring sites. The bonds are permeable (open) with probability and impermeable (closed) otherwise. The sites and bonds may be interpreted as holes and randomly distributed channels of a porous medium.
The difference between ordinary and directed percolation is illustrated to the right. In isotropic percolation a spreading agent (e.g. water) introduced at a particular site percolates along open b
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premovement%20neuronal%20activity
|
Premovement neuronal activity in neurophysiological literature refers to neuronal modulations that alter the rate at which neurons fire before a subject produces movement. Through experimentation with multiple animals, predominantly monkeys, it has been shown that several regions of the brain are particularly active and involved in initiation and preparation of movement. Two specific membrane potentials, the bereitschaftspotential, or the BP, and contingent negative variation, or the CNV, play a pivotal role in premovement neuronal activity. Both have been shown to be directly involved in planning and initiating movement. Multiple factors are involved with premovement neuronal activity including motor preparation, inhibition of motor response, programming of the target of movement, closed-looped and open-looped tasks, instructed delay periods, short-lead and long-lead changes, and mirror motor neurons.
Two types of movement
Research of pre-movement neuronal activity generally involves studying two different kinds of movement, movement in natural settings versus movement triggered by a sensory stimulus. These two types of movements are referred to with different nomenclature throughout different studies and literature on the topic of premovement neuronal activity. Voluntary movements are also known as self-timed, self-initiated, self-paced, and non-triggered movements. This type of movement is what generally occurs in natural settings, carried out independently of a sensor
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1ovce%2C%20Rimavsk%C3%A1%20Sobota%20District
|
Tomášovce () is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Rimavská Sobota District
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations%20defining%20abelian%20varieties
|
In mathematics, the concept of abelian variety is the higher-dimensional generalization of the elliptic curve. The equations defining abelian varieties are a topic of study because every abelian variety is a projective variety. In dimension d ≥ 2, however, it is no longer as straightforward to discuss such equations.
There is a large classical literature on this question, which in a reformulation is, for complex algebraic geometry, a question of describing relations between theta functions. The modern geometric treatment now refers to some basic papers of David Mumford, from 1966 to 1967, which reformulated that theory in terms from abstract algebraic geometry valid over general fields.
Complete intersections
The only 'easy' cases are those for d = 1, for an elliptic curve with linear span the projective plane or projective 3-space. In the plane, every elliptic curve is given by a cubic curve. In P3, an elliptic curve can be obtained as the intersection of two quadrics.
In general abelian varieties are not complete intersections. Computer algebra techniques are now able to have some impact on the direct handling of equations for small values of d > 1.
Kummer surfaces
The interest in nineteenth century geometry in the Kummer surface came in part from the way a quartic surface represented a quotient of an abelian variety with d = 2, by the group of order 2 of automorphisms generated by x → −x on the abelian variety.
General case
Mumford defined a theta group associated
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Beach%2C%20Ottawa
|
Crystal Beach is a neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the west end of Ottawa, in Bay Ward. The neighbourhood is triangular in shape, and its boundaries can broadly be described as Carling Avenue to the northeast, Moodie Drive to the west, and Corkstown Road to the south. It is. According to the Canada 2011 Census, the total population of the neighbourhood was 2,416.
History
Crystal Beach was established in the 1960s, when the area was within Nepean Township. Primarily developed by Minto Developments Inc., many of the residences in Crystal Beach are modified versions of the five original models of homes originally built in the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood was later extended in 1974 around Carling via Corkstown Road with townhomes and in 1988 with Maki Park. Some newer portions of the neighbourhood were built by Garand Homes.
Today, Crystal Beach is a primarily residential neighbourhood with a strong sense of community, and over the years, has become one of the most desired real-estate locations in Ottawa. Much of Crystal Beach's appeal is due to its close proximity to the Nepean Sailing Club, Andrew Haydon Park, the Carling Campus and Ottawa River, its award-winning neighbourhood design (to reduce traffic flowing through), easy access to the Queensway (Highway 417), quality schooling, community centre, and the recreational facilities within.
Together with the Lakeview neighbourhood south of Corkstown, and the Stonehedge and Creeks End neighbour
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20sulfamate
|
Ammonium sulfamate (or ammonium sulphamate) is a white crystalline solid, readily soluble in water. It is commonly used as a broad spectrum herbicide, with additional uses as a compost accelerator, flame retardant and in industrial processes.
Manufacture and distribution
It is a salt formed from ammonia and sulfamic acid.
Ammonium sulfamate is distributed under the following tradenames, which are principally herbicidal product names: Amicide, Amidosulfate, Ammate, Amcide, Ammate X-NI, AMS, Fyran 206k, Ikurin, Sulfamate, AMS and Root-Out.
Uses
Herbicide
Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be particularly useful in controlling tough woody weeds, tree stumps and brambles.
Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers, English Heritage, the National Trust, and various railway, canal and waterways authorities.
Several years ago the Henry Doubleday Research Association (HDRA) (known as Garden Organic), published an article on ammonium sulfamate after a successful set of herbicide trials. Though not approved for use by organic growers it does provide an option when alternatives have failed.
The following problem weeds / plants can be controlled:
Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica, syn. Fallopia japonica),
Marestail / Horsetail (Equisetum),
Ground-elder (Aegopodium podagraria),
Rhododendron ponticum,
Brambles,
Brushwood,
Ivy (Hedera species),
Senecio/Ragwort,
Honey fungus (Armi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ili%20Turki%20language
|
Ili Turki is an endangered Turkic language spoken primarily in China. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China.
Classification
Ili Turki appears to belong to the Chagatay group of Turkic languages, although it exhibits a number of features that suggest a Kipchak substratum.
A comparison of Ili Turki's Chagatay and Kipchak features is shown below:
Geographic distribution
Ili Turki is spoken in China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture along the Ili River and its tributaries and in Yining. There may be some speakers in Kazakhstan. Ili Turki has no official status in either country.
Phonology
Consonants
Vowels
Vocabulary
See also
Taranchi
References
External links
Agglutinative languages
Languages of China
Languages of Kazakhstan
Karluk languages
Endangered Turkic languages
Turkic languages
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporter%20associated%20with%20antigen%20processing
|
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) protein complex belongs to the ATP-binding-cassette transporter family. It delivers cytosolic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they bind to nascent MHC class I molecules.
The TAP structure is formed of two proteins: TAP-1 and TAP-2, which have one hydrophobic region and one ATP-binding region each. They assemble into a heterodimer, which results in a four-domain transporter.
Function
The TAP transporter is found in the ER lumen associated with the peptide-loading complex (PLC). This complex of β2 microglobulin, calreticulin, ERp57, TAP, tapasin, and MHC class I acts to keep hold of MHC molecules until they have been fully loaded with peptides.
Peptide transport
TAP-mediated peptide transport is a multistep process. The peptide-binding pocket is formed by TAP-1 and TAP-2. Association with TAP is an ATP-independent event, ‘in a fast bimolecular association step, peptide binds to TAP, followed by a slow isomerisation of the TAP complex’. It is suggested that the conformational change in structure triggers ATP hydrolysis and so initiates peptide transport.
Both nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) are required for peptide translocation, as each NBD cannot hydrolyse ATP alone. The exact mechanism of transport is not known; however, findings indicate that ATP binding to TAP-1 is the initial step in the transport process, and that ATP bound to TAP-1 induces ATP binding in TAP-2. It has also been shown that un
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixie%20Crystal%20Theatre
|
The Dixie Crystal Theatre (also known as the Clewiston Theater) is a historic site in Clewiston, Hendry County, Florida. It is located at 100 East Sugarland Highway. It first opened in 1941. In 1998, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
It is a flat-roofed one-story masonry movie theater, built in a simplified Moderne style – one of the few buildings in the area to feature this type of architecture. In 1940, the building was commissioned by Mary Hayes Davis, a newspaper publisher and businesswoman who operated a chain of movie theaters in south Florida and the Lake Okeechobee region. It was her second theater in Clewiston with that name. Davis had opened the first Dixie Crystal Theatre at the corner of Sugarland Highway and Central Avenue in 1934. The theaters got their name from the local sugar industry product.
The architect of the new Dixie Crystal Theatre was Chester A. Cone of West Palm Beach and Palm Beach, who also designed the Prince Theatre in Pahokee. The builder and contractor was Earl Anderson. It is in plan.
The Clewiston Theater was integrated peacefully on July 20, 1964, when five African American youths attended an evening show there for the first time. A Hendry County sheriff's deputy and a Clewiston policeman were present for the duration of the film.
The theater closed briefly in 2011, but soon reopened, featuring live bands, first-run movies, and independent films. By early 2015, the Clewiston Theater had closed.
See also
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20factorial%20design
|
In statistics, fractional factorial designs are experimental designs consisting of a carefully chosen subset (fraction) of the experimental runs of a full factorial design. The subset is chosen so as to exploit the sparsity-of-effects principle to expose information about the most important features of the problem studied, while using a fraction of the effort of a full factorial design in terms of experimental runs and resources. In other words, it makes use of the fact that many experiments in full factorial design are often redundant, giving little or no new information about the system.
Notation
Fractional designs are expressed using the notation lk − p, where l is the number of levels of each factor investigated, k is the number of factors investigated, and p describes the size of the fraction of the full factorial used. Formally, p is the number of generators, assignments as to which effects or interactions are confounded, i.e., cannot be estimated independently of each other (see below). A design with p such generators is a 1/(lp)=l−p fraction of the full factorial design.
For example, a 25 − 2 design is 1/4 of a two level, five factor factorial design. Rather than the 32 runs that would be required for the full 25 factorial experiment, this experiment requires only eight runs.
In practice, one rarely encounters l > 2 levels in fractional factorial designs, since response surface methodology is a much more experimentally efficient way to determine the relationsh
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Danknick
|
Dan Danknick is a physicist and roboticist who graduated from UCI and has made several appearances on robotics related television shows.
Battlebots
Danknick gained comedic notoriety in the robotics community with his appearances on the Comedy Central show Battlebots. The robot created by his Team Delta, Hazard, was consistently one of the highest ranked middleweight robots in the entire competition.
Robotica
Danknick hosted the TLC show Robotica for the second and third seasons, acting as a technical commentator.
SERVO Magazine
Danknick served as the first technical editor of SERVO Magazine, the robotics publication. He was also a driving force behind the magazine's robotics competition, Tetsujin.
References
External links
21st-century American physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American roboticists
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ODH
|
Odh or ODH may refer to:
RAF Odiham, a Royal Air Force station
D-octopine dehydrogenase, an enzyme
Ohio Department of Health
Odh, a trigraph in Latin-script writing
Olivia de Havilland, (1916–2020), actress
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypyrimidine%20tract
|
The polypyrimidine tract is a region of pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) that promotes the assembly of the spliceosome, the protein complex specialized for carrying out RNA splicing during the process of post-transcriptional modification. The region is rich with pyrimidine nucleotides, especially uracil, and is usually 15–20 base pairs long, located about 5–40 base pairs before the 3' end of the intron to be spliced.
A number of protein factors bind to or associate with the polypyrimidine tract, including the spliceosome component U2AF and the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), which plays a regulatory role in alternative splicing. PTB's primary function is in exon silencing, by which a particular exon region normally spliced into the mature mRNA is instead left out, resulting in the expression of an isoform of the protein for which the mRNA codes. Because PTB is ubiquitously expressed in many higher eukaryotes, it is thought to suppress the inclusion of "weak" exons with poorly defined splice sites. However, PTB binding is not sufficient to suppress "robust" exons.
The suppression or selection of exons is critical to the proper expression of tissue-specific isoforms. For example, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle express alternate isoforms distinguished by mutually exclusive exon selection in alpha-tropomyosin.
References
Gene expression
Spliceosome
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good%E2%80%93Turing%20frequency%20estimation
|
Good–Turing frequency estimation is a statistical technique for estimating the probability of encountering an object of a hitherto unseen species, given a set of past observations of objects from different species. In drawing balls from an urn, the 'objects' would be balls and the 'species' would be the distinct colors of the balls (finite but unknown in number). After drawing red balls, black balls and green balls, we would ask what is the probability of drawing a red ball, a black ball, a green ball or one of a previously unseen color.
Historical background
Good–Turing frequency estimation was developed by Alan Turing and his assistant I. J. Good as part of their methods used at Bletchley Park for cracking German ciphers for the Enigma machine during World War II. Turing at first modelled the frequencies as a multinomial distribution, but found it inaccurate. Good developed smoothing algorithms to improve the estimator's accuracy.
The discovery was recognized as significant when published by Good in 1953, but the calculations were difficult so it was not used as widely as it might have been. The method even gained some literary fame due to the Robert Harris novel Enigma.
In the 1990s, Geoffrey Sampson worked with William A. Gale of AT&T to create and implement a simplified and easier-to-use variant of the Good–Turing method described below. Various heuristic justifications and a simple combinatorial derivation have been provided.
The method
The Good–Turing estimato
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langton%27s%20loops
|
Langton's loops are a particular "species" of artificial life in a cellular automaton created in 1984 by Christopher Langton. They consist of a loop of cells containing genetic information, which flows continuously around the loop and out along an "arm" (or pseudopod), which will become the daughter loop. The "genes" instruct it to make three left turns, completing the loop, which then disconnects from its parent.
History
In 1952 John von Neumann created the first cellular automaton (CA) with the goal of creating a self-replicating machine. This automaton was necessarily very complex due to its computation- and construction-universality. In 1968 Edgar F. Codd reduced the number of states from 29 in von Neumann's CA to 8 in his. When Christopher Langton did away with the universality condition, he was able to significantly reduce the automaton's complexity. Its self-replicating loops are based on one of the simplest elements in Codd's automaton, the periodic emitter.
Specification
Langton's Loops run in a CA that has 8 states, and uses the von Neumann neighborhood with rotational symmetry. The transition table can be found here: .
As with Codd's CA, Langton's Loops consist of sheathed wires. The signals travel passively along the wires until they reach the open ends, when the command they carry is executed.
Colonies
Because of a particular property of the loops' "pseudopodia", they are unable to reproduce into the space occupied by another loop. Thus, once a loop is
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20radio%20stations%20in%20Venezuela
|
This list of radio stations in Venezuela can be sorted by their name, modulation, frequencies, city, or website.
See also
List of Venezuelan television channels
External links
hjlradio.webs.com
Venezuela
Radio stations
es:Anexo:Emisoras Radiales en Venezuela
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraggi
|
Paraggi is a bay between Santa Margherita Ligure and Portofino. Paraggi beach is a tourist attraction known for its crystal clear blue water. Paraggi beach is a fishing location and a popular attraction for tourists because it is the only sandy beach near Portofino. Most beaches in the area are rocky, and Portofino itself has no beaches, only a beautiful harbor. Paraggi is a public beach, but it also features private beach clubs, as do many other beaches on the Riviera. From the beach, one can see the holiday homes of Dolce and Gabbana and Silvio Berlusconi's son, Pier Silvio Berlusconi.
See also
The Cervara (La Cervara - Abbazia di San Girolamo al Monte di Portofino)
References
Italian Riviera
Frazioni of Santa Margherita Ligure
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%C3%ADlson
|
Jonilson Clovis Nascimento Breves or Jonilson (born in Pinheiral on November 28, 1978) is an association football player, currently playing for Goiás on loan from Botafogo (SP).
Club statistics
Achievements
Rio de Janeiro's Cup: 2000, 2002
Rio de Janeiro State League (2nd division): 2004
Guanabara Cup: 2005
Minas Gerais State League: 2006
References
External links
netvasco.com
netvasco 2008 stats
1978 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
J2 League players
Ceará Sporting Club players
Volta Redonda FC players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Vegalta Sendai players
CR Vasco da Gama players
Clube Atlético Mineiro players
Goiás Esporte Clube players
Men's association football midfielders
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Jitter is the deviation in frequency of a signal.
Jitter may also refer to:
Jitter (optics), the oscillatory motion of the image with respect to the detector, which blurs the recorded image
Delay jitter, in packet switched networks
Fixation (visual) or retinal jitter, the maintaining of the visual gaze on a single location
Jittered, a method of supersampling
Jitters (band), a Belarusian band from the 1990s and the 2000s
The Jitters, a Canadian band from the 1980s
Jitter, a package included in the Max visual programming language
"Jitters" (Smallville), a 2001 TV episode
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Tao%20theorem
|
In number theory, the Green–Tao theorem, proved by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004, states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. In other words, for every natural number k, there exist arithmetic progressions of primes with k terms. The proof is an extension of Szemerédi's theorem. The problem can be traced back to investigations of Lagrange and Waring from around 1770.
Statement
Let denote the number of primes less than or equal to . If is a subset of the prime numbers such that
then for all positive integers , the set contains infinitely many arithmetic progressions of length . In particular, the entire set of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions.
In their later work on the generalized Hardy–Littlewood conjecture, Green and Tao stated and conditionally proved the asymptotic formula
for the number of k tuples of primes in arithmetic progression. Here, is the constant
The result was made unconditional by Green–Tao
and Green–Tao–Ziegler.
Overview of the proof
Green and Tao's proof has three main components:
Szemerédi's theorem, which asserts that subsets of the integers with positive upper density have arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. It does not a priori apply to the primes because the primes have density zero in the integers.
A transference principle that extends Szemerédi's theorem to subsets of the integers which are pseudorandom in a suitable sense. Such a resul
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNP
|
UNP may refer to:
Politics
Ukrains'ka Narodna Partiya, a political party in Ukraine
United National Party, a political party in Sri Lanka
United Nationalist Party, a former political party in Ghana
United Newfoundland Party, a former political party in Newfoundland, Canada
United Nigerian Party, which merged into the United Nigeria Congress Party
Others
Unp, an abbreviation of the previous name, unnilpentium, for the chemical element Dubnium
A synonym for the enzyme USP4
The NYSE listing for the Union Pacific Corporation
United National Photographers, a British photography agency
Unified Network Platform, an open platform computing architecture
National University of the Patagonia San Juan Bosco (Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco) in Argentina
State University of Padang (Universitas Negeri Padang), a university in Indonesia
University of Northern Philippines, a public university in Ilocos Sur province
University Nanosatellite Program
UNpriviledged Ports, a network terminology for ports in the range 1024-65655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasa%20Line
|
Wasaline, previously Oy Vaasa-Umeå Ab (1948–1965), Vaasa-Umeå AB (1965–1979), Oy Vaasanlaivat – Vasabåtarna Ab (1979–1991) and Wasa Line (1991–1993) are different names for the Finnish shipping company that ceased trading in 1993 when it merged into Silja Line. Since 2013 the name is being used by a new company that operates between Vaasa (homebase) and Umeå.
History
In 1948, Rederi Ab Vasa-Umeå was founded to start passenger traffic across Kvarken, the narrowest part of the Gulf of Bothnia. On 28 May, the company's first ship MS Turisten made its first journey from Vaasa in Finland to Umeå in Sweden. People living on both sides of Kvarken are predominantly Swedish-speaking, as were the company founders, hence the company originally only had a name in Swedish and ships were named in Swedish.
The company's first ships were used steamers, only capable of summer traffic. In 1958, Merivienti Oy, subsidiary of the Finnish forest industry giant Enso-Gutzeit, became the largest owner of Rederi Ab Vasa-Umeå. With funds from the new owner, the company could purchase their first ship capable of carrying cars, SS Korsholm III. In 1962, the company was delivered its only newbuild, MS Vaasa, a freighter that spent most of its career in the company chartered elsewhere, until it was sold in 1964.
Oy Vaasa-Umeå Ab
In 1964, , the company's first genuine car and passenger ferry was purchased from Sessan Linjen. Wasa Express started a trend of buying ships from Sessan Linjen, as well as th
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECTA
|
ECTA may refer to:
Econometrica, an academic journal of economics
European Competitive Telecommunications Association
Diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase, an enzyme
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20Strung
|
Highly Strung is the sixth studio album by English guitarist and songwriter Steve Hackett. "Cell 151" was a minor hit from the album, and charted in the UK. Added to Hackett's band was drummer Ian Mosley, who would join Marillion in 1984. This was Hackett's final studio release for Charisma.
In 2007, Highly Strung was remastered and re-released on Virgin Records. The new edition features updated liner notes and three bonus tracks.
The front cover painting is, as on many of Hackett's albums, by his then-wife Kim Poor.
Background
By the time Hackett started work on Highly Strung his relationship with management at Charisma Records, with whom he had been signed since the beginning of his solo career, had started to decline. The label began to interfere with Hackett's creative decisions, and the guitarist had noticed that the company was "in disarray" at the time. His wish to cater to audience demands and have a live album released went against the label's wishes. He added: "A&R were starting to make comments and requests which didn't fit the MD's ideas and it left me in the middle trying to steer a sensible course". The result led to Highly Strung being a difficult album for Hackett to complete, a process that lasted eighteen months. Among the difficulties faced was the label's suggestion for Hackett to work with a producer from the beginning, but the guitarist recalled that Charisma failed to agree on one. In addition, Hackett said that management disliked the end product
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted%20bell%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Inverted bell may refer to one of the following:
Inverted bell, a shape
Inverted bell (music), a musical instrument
Inverted bell curve, in statistics, a bimodal distribution
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decrement%20table
|
Decrement tables, also called life table methods, are used to calculate the probability of certain events.
Birth control
Life table methods are often used to study birth control effectiveness. In this role, they are an alternative to the Pearl Index.
As used in birth control studies, a decrement table calculates a separate effectiveness rate for each month of the study, as well as for a standard period of time (usually 12 months). Use of life table methods eliminates time-related biases (i.e. the most fertile couples getting pregnant and dropping out of the study early, and couples becoming more skilled at using the method as time goes on), and in this way is superior to the Pearl Index.
Two kinds of decrement tables are used to evaluate birth control methods. Multiple-decrement (or competing) tables report net effectiveness rates. These are useful for comparing competing reasons for couples dropping out of a study. Single-decrement (or noncompeting) tables report gross effectiveness rates, which can be used to accurately compare one study to another.
See also
Survival analysis
Footnotes
Birth control
Actuarial science
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPLA
|
FPLA may refer to:
Fair Packaging and Labeling Act – a United States law that applies to labels on many consumer products
Field-programmable logic array – a type of semiconductor device better known as field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
Popular Liberation Front of Azawad (in French: Front Populaire de Libération de l'Azawad) – a militant rebel group in northern Mali
Free-piston linear alternator – essentially a linear motor used as an electrical generator
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20K
|
Protein K may refer to:
Protein K (porin), a porin expressed in pathogenic strains of E. coli
Protein K (gene expression), a DNA- and RNA-binding protein expressed in the nucleus of eukaryotes
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20Energy%20Station
|
Home Energy Station is the name of Honda's heat and electricity generator for the home as well as a fuel provider for hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles. HES IV is able to supply a sufficient amount of hydrogen to power a fuel cell vehicle, such as the Honda FCX, for daily operation while providing electricity for an average-sized household on an average days usage of energy.
The system reforms natural gas to extract up to 3 normal cubic meters per hour (Nm3/hr) of hydrogen, which is stored in an internal tank. This hydrogen is stored for later use by the vehicle, and can also be supplied to hydrogen appliances or fuel cells within the home. The heat generated by the reforming process can also provide hot water to the home.
In addition to providing as much as 5 kilowatts of electrical power to the home, the Home Energy Station is also able to function as a backup power generation system during power outages.
2005 - The Home Energy Station III underwent testing at Honda R&D Americas Torrance, California.
2007 - The Home Energy Station IV underwent testing for use with the Honda FCX Clarity.
See also
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies HydroFILL
ITM Power Green-box
Hydrogen station
Hydrogen economy
Plug Power
Gas Generator
References
External links
Evolution of Hydrogen Station
Home Energy Station - Press Release, 14 November 2005
The Future of Fuel
Renewable Hydrogen Transport Fuel
Hydrogen production
Honda
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20K%20%28porin%29
|
Structure
Proteinase K has a catalytic triad of Ser 224, His 69, and Asp 39. Two peptide chains recognize substrates, 99-104 and 132–136. There is also a cysteine free near His 69.
Protein K is a porin expressed in some pathogenic strains of E. coli bacteria. It has a molecular weight of about 40 kDa and is localized to the outer membrane, through which it allows both inorganic and organic ions to pass. The addition of Protein K in the outer membrane proven to cause an increased rate of uptake of nutrients and a faster growth rate relative to the parental porin- strain.
The strains in which protein K has been identified are encapsulated, or surrounded by a poly-sialic acid capsule that renders them more resistant to phagocytosis by cells in the immune system.
References
Whitfield C, Hancock RE, Costerson JW. (1983). Outer membrane protein K of Escherichia coli: purification and pore-forming properties in lipid bilayer membranes. J Bacteriol 156(2): 873-879
Sutcliffe J, Blumenthal R, Walter A, Foulds J. (1983). Escherichia coli outer membrane protein K is a porin. J Bacteriol 156(2): 867-872
Bliss JM, Solver RP. (1996). Coating the surface: a model for expression of capsular polysialic acid in Escherichia coli K1. Mol Microbiol 21:221.
Outer membrane proteins
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Rizzo
|
Nicholas Anthony Rizzo (born 9 June 1979) is an Australian former footballer. Rizzo began his career in England with Liverpool, however, he made his professional debut for Crystal Palace where he featured in the Premier League. He then moved to Italy and played with Ternana, AC Ancona and AC Prato before returning to England with Milton Keynes Dons, Grimsby Town and Chesterfield. He has since played in his native land for Perth Glory, Central Coast Mariners and APIA Leichhardt Tigers. He has been capped once for Australia.
Club career
After being educated at playing school football at Waverley College in Sydney, Rizzo arrived in England in 1996 joining English giants Liverpool. Although not capped in the first team, the then 18-year-old was an unused substitute on six occasions in the Premier League season 1997/98. He was then lured to Crystal Palace by Terry Venables for two seasons and featured in 36 league games before moving to Italian Serie B side Ternana in 2000. At Palace he scored three times; once in the league against Norwich City and twice in a League Cup tie against Colchester United (once in the first leg and once in the second leg).
Following three injury plagued seasons with a knee injury in Italy he then joined English League 1 side Milton Keynes Dons (formerly Wimbledon F.C.) on a free transfer in November 2004, where he became a firm favourite with the fans. He is a lively and tricky player, known for his crossing and readiness to shoot on sight as well a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%20bats%20per%20home%20run
|
In baseball statistics, at bats per home run (AB/HR) is a way to measure how frequently a batter hits a home run. It is determined by dividing the number of at bats by the number of home runs hit. Mark McGwire possesses the MLB record for this statistic with a career ratio of 10.61 at bats per home run and Babe Ruth is second, with 11.76 at bats per home run. Aaron Judge has the best career ratio among active players with 11.99 at bats per home run, as of October 5, 2022.
Major League Baseball leaders
Career
Totals are current , minimum 3,000 plate appearances.
Mark McGwire - 10.61
Babe Ruth - 11.76
Aaron Judge - 11.99
Barry Bonds - 12.92
Jim Thome - 13.76
Season
Single-season statistics are current .
Barry Bonds - 6.52
Mark McGwire - 7.27
Josh Gibson - 7.80
Mark McGwire - 8.02
Mark McGwire - 8.13
Babe Ruth was the first batter to average fewer than nine at-bats per home run over a season, hitting his 54 home runs of the 1920 season in 457 at-bats; an average of 8.463. Seventy-eight years later, Mark McGwire became the first batter to average fewer than eight AB/HR, hitting his 70 home runs of the 1998 season in 509 at-bats (an average of 7.2714). In 2001, Barry Bonds became the first batter to average fewer than seven AB/HR, setting the Major League record by hitting his 73 home runs of the 2001 season in 476 at-bats for an average of 6.5205.
Ruth led the American League every year from 1918 until 1931, except for 1925.
Ruth, Josh Gibson, McGwire and Bonds are the onl
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav1.4
|
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Nav1.4}}
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN4A gene.
The Nav1.4 voltage-gated sodium channel is encoded by the gene. Mutations in the gene are associated with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, paramyotonia congenita, and potassium-aggravated myotonia.
Function
Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. It is expressed in skeletal muscle, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several myotonia and periodic paralysis disorders.
Clinical significance
Periodic paralysis
In hypokalemic periodic paralysis, arginine residues making up the voltage sensor of Nav1.4 are mutated. The voltage sensor comprises the S4 alpha helix of each of the four transmembrane domains (I-IV) of the protein, and contains basic residues that only allow entry of the positive sodium ions at appropriate membrane voltages by blocking or opening the channel pore. In patients with these mutations, the channel has a reduced excitability and signals from the central nervous system are unable to depolarise muscle. As a result, the muscle cannot contract efficiently, causing paralysis. The c
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCN5A
|
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha, also known as NaV1.5 is an integral membrane protein and tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel subunit. NaV1.5 is found primarily in cardiac muscle, where it mediates the fast influx of Na+-ions (INa) across the cell membrane, resulting in the fast depolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. As such, it plays a major role in impulse propagation through the heart. A vast number of cardiac diseases is associated with mutations in NaV1.5 (see paragraph genetics). SCN5A is the gene that encodes the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5.
Gene structure
SCN5A is a highly conserved gene located on human chromosome 3, where it spans more than 100 kb. The gene consists of 28 exons, of which exon 1 and in part exon 2 form the 5' untranslated region (5’UTR) and exon 28 the 3' untranslated region (3’UTR) of the RNA. SCN5A is part of a family of 10 genes that encode different types of sodium channels, i.e. brain-type (NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.6), neuronal channels (NaV1.7, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9), skeletal muscle channels (NaV1.4) and the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5.
Expression pattern
SCN5A is mainly expressed in the heart, where expression is abundant in working myocardium and conduction tissue. In contrast, expression is low in the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node. Within the heart, a transmural expression gradient from subendocardium to subsepicardium is present, with higher expression of SCN5A in the endocardi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2
|
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Cav1.2}}
Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (also known as Cav1.2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA1C gene. Cav1.2 is a subunit of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel.
Structure and function
This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cell upon membrane polarization (see membrane potential and calcium in biology).
The alpha-1 subunit consists of 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta and beta subunits in a 1:1:1 ratio. The S3-S4 linkers of Cav1.2 determine the gating phenotype and modulated gating kinetics of the channel. Cav1.2 is widely expressed in the smooth muscle, pancreatic cells, fibroblasts, and neurons. However, it is particularly important and well known for its expression in the heart where it mediates L-type currents, which causes calcium-induced calcium release from the ER Stores via ryanodine receptors. It depolarizes at -30mV and helps define the shape of the action potential in cardiac and smooth muscle. The protein encoded by this gene binds to and is inhibited by dihydropyridine. In the arteries of the brain, high levels of calcium in mitochondria elevates activity of nuclear factor kappa B NF-κB and transcription of CACNA1c and functional Cav1.2 expression increases. Cav1.2 als
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterna%20Inocencia
|
Eterna Inocencia (Everlasting Innocence) is an Argentine rock band with politically motivated lyrics and opinions. Their origin dates to 1995, in the city of Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province. They come from the hardcore punk trend of the mid-1990s. They form part of their own independent label, called Discos Del Sembrador.
Members
Current members
Guillermo Mármol - lead vocals
Roy Ota - lead guitar, backing vocals
Alejandro Navajas - bass
Javier Pesquero - rhythm guitar
Germán Rodriguez - drums
Former members
Joan Sprei - drums
Pablo Wilk - drums
Tatán - bass
Discography
Studio albums
Punkypatin (1995; La Unión)
Días Tristes (1997; La Unión, Sniffing, W.C.)
Recycle (1999; Sniffing)
A Los Que Se Han Apagado (2001; Discos Del Sembrador)
Las Palabras y los Ríos (2004; Discos Del Sembrador)
La Resistencia (2006; Discos Del Sembrador)
Ei (2009; Discos Del Sembrador)
Entre Llanos y Antigales (2014; Discos Del Sembrador)
No Bien Abran Las Flores (2022; Discos Del Sembrador)
Live albums
Vivo Rock N Pop (2002; Discos Del Sembrador)
Una Tarde Mágica CD/DVD (2004; Discos Del Sembrador, Activate)
En Vivo 31/10/2009 (2011; Discos Del Sembrador)
08/11/15 Club Tucuman de Quilmes (2015; Discos Del Sembrador)
Verano Permanente DVD (2018; Discos Del Sembrador)
EPs
Tómalo con Calma (2003; Lee-Chi)
Cañaveral (2005; Discos Del Sembrador)
Singles
"Cosas por Hacer / Danilo" (2021; Discos Del Sembrador)
"Despedida / Laguna Larga" (2021; Discos Del Sembrador)
Split
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosynthase
|
The term glycosynthase refers to a class of proteins that have been engineered to catalyze the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosynthase are derived from glycosidase enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. They were traditionally formed from retaining glycosidase by mutating the active site nucleophilic amino acid (usually an aspartate or glutamate) to a small non-nucleophilic amino acid (usually alanine or glycine). More modern approaches use directed evolution to screen for amino acid substitutions that enhance glycosynthase activity.
The first glycosynthase
Two discoveries led to the development of glycosynthase enzymes. The first was that a change of the active site nucleophile of a glycosidase from a carboxylate to another amino acid resulted in a properly folded protein that had no hydrolase activity.
The second discovery was that some glycosidase enzymes were able to catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosyl fluorides that had the incorrect anomeric configuration. The enzymes underwent a transglycosidation reaction to form a disaccharide, which was then a substrate for hydrolase activity.
The first reported glycosynthase was a mutant of the Agrobacterium sp. β-glucosidase / galactosidase in which the nucleophile glutamate 358 was mutated to an alanine by site directed mutagenesis. When incubated with α-glycosyl fluorides and an acceptor sugar it was found to catalyze the transglycosidation reaction without any hydrolysis. This glycosynthase
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoside%20hydrolase
|
In biochemistry, glycoside hydrolases (also called glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases) are a class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in complex sugars. They are extremely common enzymes, with roles in nature including degradation of biomass such as cellulose (cellulase), hemicellulose, and starch (amylase), in anti-bacterial defense strategies (e.g., lysozyme), in pathogenesis mechanisms (e.g., viral neuraminidases) and in normal cellular function (e.g., trimming mannosidases involved in N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis). Together with glycosyltransferases, glycosidases form the major catalytic machinery for the synthesis and breakage of glycosidic bonds.
Occurrence and importance
Glycoside hydrolases are found in essentially all domains of life. In prokaryotes, they are found both as intracellular and extracellular enzymes that are largely involved in nutrient acquisition. One of the important occurrences of glycoside hydrolases in bacteria is the enzyme beta-galactosidase (LacZ), which is involved in regulation of expression of the lac operon in E. coli. In higher organisms glycoside hydrolases are found within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus where they are involved in processing of N-linked glycoproteins, and in the lysosome as enzymes involved in the degradation of carbohydrate structures. Deficiency in specific lysosomal glycoside hydrolases can lead to a range of lysosomal storage disorders that result in developmental pr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNE1
|
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNE1 gene.
Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume.
KCNE1 is one of five members of the KCNE family of Kv channel ancillary or β subunits. It is also known as minK (minimal potassium channel subunit).
Function
KCNE1 is primarily known for modulating the cardiac and epithelial Kv channel alfa subunit, KCNQ1. KCNQ1 and KCNE1 form a complex in human ventricular cardiomyocytes that generates the slowly activating K+ current, IKs. Together with the rapidly activating K+ current (IKr), IKs is important for human ventricular repolarization. KCNQ1 is also essential for the normal function of many different epithelial tissues, but in these non-excitable cells it is thought to be predominantly regulated by KCNE2 or KCNE3.
KCNE1 slows the activation of KCNQ1 5-10 fold, increases its unitary conductance 4-fold, eliminates its inactivation, and alters the manner in which KCNQ1 is regulated by other proteins, lipids and small molecules. The association of KCNE1 with KCNQ1 was discovered 8 years after Takumi and colleagues reported the isolation of a fraction of RNA from rat kidne
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopin%20%28unit%29
|
The chopin was a Scottish measurement of volume, usually for fluids, that was in use from at least 1661, though possibly 15th century, until the mid 19th century. The measurement was derived from the French measure chopine an old and widespread unit of liquid capacity, first recorded in the 13th century. A chopin is equivalent to 0.848 litres.
1 chopin is 8 gills
1 chopin is 2 mutchkins
2 chopins is the equivalent of 1 (Scots) pint (or joug)
16 chopins is the equivalent of 1 (Scots) gallon
References
See also
Obsolete Scottish units of measurement
Obsolete Scottish units of measurement
Units of volume
17th-century establishments in Scotland
17th-century introductions
19th-century disestablishments in Scotland
Alcohol measurement
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDO
|
VDO may refer to:
VDO (company), a German automotive parts producer
Vertical dimension of occlusion, in dentistry
Vincent D'Onofrio (born 1959), actor
Virtual Data Optimization, a feature of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5
Van Don International Airport, the IATA code VDO
See also
Video
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh%27s%20Tomb
|
Pharaoh's Tomb is an MS-DOS platform game created by George Broussard (misspelled as "Broussad") and published by Apogee Software.
The game uses CGA graphics based on the FAST (Fluid Animation Software Technology) engine. Notoriously, objects' positions are determined by their bounding volumes, not their pixel-precise positions on screen.
The game was re-released in 2015 on Steam with support for Windows and macOS.
Plot
The protagonist, Nevada Smith (a play on Indiana Jones), is an archaeologist and adventurer who is exploring an Egyptian pyramid, hoping to find the Pharaoh's Tomb and get evidence of his findings.
Gameplay
In each level, the player navigates and avoids obstacles by jumping or falling, evading or killing enemies, and find keys to exit each level. Nevada Smith has no life bar, and is killed instantly when he touches enemies or traps. Nevada Smith can collect coins and masks for extra points. Lethal obstacles include pyramid-themed traps, such as blocks that fire projectiles when Smith passes in front of them, wall spikes, ceiling spikes, floor spikes, moving spikes, and wind. Navigational challenges include moving platforms and elevators. Bonus points are randomly concealed in some bricks, which are awarded when hit from below. Occasionally, Smith will become invisible, where only his hat will be visible. The game contains many dead ends as 'traps' where Smith can become permanently stuck, forcing the player to either quit or reload a saved game. Collecting
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20line
|
A phase line may refer to:
Phase line (mathematics), used to analyze autonomous ordinary differential equations
Phase line (cartography), used to identify phases of military operations or changing borders over time
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60%20Hz
|
60 Hz is a frequency that may refer to:
the utility frequency (power line frequency) in the Americas and parts of Asia
the frame rate of video broadcasts in the Americas and parts of Asia
See also
Interlaced video
Mains hum
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lax%20equivalence%20theorem
|
In numerical analysis, the Lax equivalence theorem is a fundamental theorem in the analysis of finite difference methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. It states that for a consistent finite difference method for a well-posed linear initial value problem, the method is convergent if and only if it is stable.
The importance of the theorem is that while the convergence of the solution of the finite difference method to the solution of the partial differential equation is what is desired, it is ordinarily difficult to establish because the numerical method is defined by a recurrence relation while the differential equation involves a differentiable function. However, consistency—the requirement that the finite difference method approximates the correct partial differential equation—is straightforward to verify, and stability is typically much easier to show than convergence (and would be needed in any event to show that round-off error will not destroy the computation). Hence convergence is usually shown via the Lax equivalence theorem.
Stability in this context means that a matrix norm of the matrix used in the iteration is at most unity, called (practical) Lax–Richtmyer stability. Often a von Neumann stability analysis is substituted for convenience, although von Neumann stability only implies Lax–Richtmyer stability in certain cases.
This theorem is due to Peter Lax. It is sometimes called the Lax–Richtmyer theorem, after Peter Lax and Robert
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizard%20Building
|
The Blizard Building is a building in Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It houses the Blizard Institute, formerly known as the Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, part of Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry.
The building is named after William Blizard, who founded the London Hospital Medical College in 1785.
History
The building was commissioned in Autumn 2000, and designed by the architect Will Alsop. Construction began in November 2003, with AMEC as the main contractor, and was completed in March 2005, at a cost of £45 million. It was officially opened in October 2005 by The Princess Royal.
Construction on a £2 million extension in the form of a Neuron Pod began in April 2018 and was completed in March 2019. This extension, also designed by Alsop, was one of his last works, as he died one month after construction began.
Design
The building consists of two glass-clad and steel-framed pavilions, separated by a central yard, and connected to each other by a multi-coloured glass walkway. The glass cladding of the pavilions includes some coloured panels designed by the artist Bruce McLean, depicting images inspired by molecular science.
The walkway also provides access to the Neuron Pod, a free standing steel structure located at the northern end of the central yard. The pod is modelled on a nerve cell, and covered with hundred of plastic filaments, designed to look like hairs. These filaments are illuminated by optical fib
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicklas%20Carlsson
|
Nicklas Lars Carlsson (born 13 November 1979 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a retired Swedish footballer who played as a defender. His last club was IF Brommapojkarna.
Career
He started out his career at local outfit IF Brommapojkarna before moving to Delsbo with his family at age 5. A few years later he returned to his native club with which he pursued a career taking him from the youth ranks all the way up to the senior team.
In 2003, he left for Danish Superliga side AGF. He became a regular there until the winter of 2004/2005 when he told his adviser he wanted to leave. His stated desire was to play for his father's old team and in March 2005 he signed a three-year contract.
He quickly became a regular for the relegated 10-times Swedish champions as a central defender. But he also became joint second top scorer in the team for the 2005 season by scoring seven goals. Many came through set-pieces with Carlsson's ability to score with his head proving a deciding factor.
Nicklas Carlsson scored both goals in the 2–1 win against Västerås SK on 3 October 2005, a win which earned AIK an Allsvenskan berth for the 2006 campaign. Carlsson is now a successful part of the 2006 squad which is within reach of claiming a shock 11th championship title.
During the 2007 season AIK announced they will not offer Nicklas a new contract, which went out after the season. And on 31 October he signed a three-year deal with Gothenburg side IFK Göteborg. 2010 his contract with IFK Göteborg ended and
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20inference%20in%20phylogeny
|
Bayesian inference of phylogeny combines the information in the prior and in the data likelihood to create the so-called posterior probability of trees, which is the probability that the tree is correct given the data, the prior and the likelihood model. Bayesian inference was introduced into molecular phylogenetics in the 1990s by three independent groups: Bruce Rannala and Ziheng Yang in Berkeley, Bob Mau in Madison, and Shuying Li in University of Iowa, the last two being PhD students at the time. The approach has become very popular since the release of the MrBayes software in 2001, and is now one of the most popular methods in molecular phylogenetics.
Bayesian inference of phylogeny background and bases
Bayesian inference refers to a probabilistic method developed by Reverend Thomas Bayes based on Bayes' theorem. Published posthumously in 1763 it was the first expression of inverse probability and the basis of Bayesian inference. Independently, unaware of Bayes' work, Pierre-Simon Laplace developed Bayes' theorem in 1774.
Bayesian inference or the inverse probability method was the standard approach in statistical thinking until the early 1900s before RA Fisher developed what's now known as the classical/frequentist/Fisherian inference. Computational difficulties and philosophical objections had prevented the widespread adoption of the Bayesian approach until the 1990s, when Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms revolutionized Bayesian computation.
The Bayesian
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ER%20oxidoreductin
|
ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyses the formation and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotes. ER Oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1) is a conserved, luminal, glycoprotein that is tightly associated with the ER membrane, and is essential for the oxidation of protein dithiols. Since disulfide bond formation is an oxidative process, the major pathway of its catalysis has evolved to utilise oxidoreductases, which become reduced during the thiol-disulfide exchange reactions that oxidise the cysteine thiol groups of nascent polypeptides. Ero1 is required for the introduction of oxidising equivalents into the ER and their direct transfer to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), thereby ensuring the correct folding and assembly of proteins that contain disulfide bonds in their native state.
Ero1 exists in two isoforms: Ero1-α and Ero1-β. Ero1-α is mainly induced by hypoxia (HIF-1), whereas Ero1-β is mainly induced by the unfolded protein response (UPR).
During endoplasmic reticulum stress (such as occurs in beta cells of the pancreas or in macrophages causing atherosclerosis), CHOP can induce activation of Ero1, causing calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm, resulting in apoptosis.
Homologues of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ero1 proteins have been found in all eukaryotic organisms examined, and contain seven cysteine residues that are absolutely conserved, including three that form th
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20losing%20enteropathy
|
Protein losing enteropathy is a syndrome of blood proteins being lost excessively via the gastrointestinal tract. It may be caused by many different underlying diseases that damage the lining of the GI tract (mucosa) or cause blockage of its lymphatic drainage.
Signs and symptoms
The signs/symptoms of protein losing enteropathy are consistent with diarrhea, fever, and general abdominal discomfort. Swelling of the legs due to peripheral edema can also occur, however, if the PLE is related to a systemic disease such as congestive heart failure or constrictive pericarditis, then the symptoms could be of the primary disease development.
Causes
The causes of protein-losing enteropathy can include GI conditions (among other causes), like the following:
Mechanism
The pathophysiology of protein losing enteropathy is a result of plasma proteins loss, which enters GI tract (lumen). PLE is a complication of a disorder, be it lymphatic obstruction or mucosal injury.
Protein loosing enteropathy is a syndrome, characterized by a collection of signs and symptoms that are due to an underlying primary medical condition. Thus, there are many different pathophysiologic mechanisms of intestinal protein loss. Erosive disease, is characterized by mucosal damage or erosions of the colon intestinal epithelium and capillary bed underlying the epithelium, leading to a leakage of proteins from the capillaries into the interstitial space and then into the intestinal lumen where they are lost from t
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3T3
|
3T3 may refer to:
Boyceville Municipal Airport (FAA LID), an airport in Wisconsin
3T3 cells, a cell line established in 1962 by two scientists at the Department of Pathology in the New York University School of Medicine
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glu3d
|
Glu3D is a plugin that simulates fluid effects inside the 3dsmax and Maya3D modelling programs.
Simulation
Glu3d uses SPH, or Smoothed particle hydrodynamics to solve fluid simulations.
Adjustments can be made to the collision geometry by modifying the Friction, Adherence, Bounce and Collision GAP values to each object.
PWrapper
PWrapper is a polygonal mesh surface generator that works in conjunction with glu3D particles to generate a mesh surrounding the particles in realtime. This helps to give a liquid behavior to any particle set with no need to wait for inter-particle interaction calculation times.
Wetmaps
Glu3d is also able to generate image sequences called Wetmaps that simulate the wet surface of an object.
Wetmaps, if enabled, are generated in a per-object basis, which means that every object has its own wetmap sequence, that is created based on the objects UV Mapping
External links
Developer Website It is possible to download a demo version of the software.
Glu3d Forum
Tutorials Page Several tutorials are available to help getting started with glu3d.
3D graphics software
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20conversion
|
Frequency conversion may refer to different processes affecting frequency of physical phenomena:
A frequency changer, an electronic device that converts alternating current (AC) of one frequency to alternating current of another frequency
A variable-frequency drive, a type of frequency changer
Frequency conversion in nonlinear optics may refer to various manipulations of the frequency of light
A Heterodyne is used in signal electronics to convert frequencies
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20parsing
|
Statistical parsing is a group of parsing methods within natural language processing. The methods have in common that they associate grammar rules with a probability. Grammar rules are traditionally viewed in computational linguistics as defining the valid sentences in a language. Within this mindset, the idea of associating each rule with a probability then provides the relative frequency of any given grammar rule and, by deduction, the probability of a complete parse for a sentence. (The probability associated with a grammar rule may be induced, but the application of that grammar rule within a parse tree and the computation of the probability of the parse tree based on its component rules is a form of deduction.) Using this concept, statistical parsers make use of a procedure to search over a space of all candidate parses, and the computation of each candidate's probability, to derive the most probable parse of a sentence. The Viterbi algorithm is one popular method of searching for the most probable parse.
"Search" in this context is an application of search algorithms in artificial intelligence.
As an example, think about the sentence "The can can hold water". A reader would instantly see that there is an object called "the can" and that this object is performing the action 'can' (i.e. is able to); and the thing the object is able to do is "hold"; and the thing the object is able to hold is "water". Using more linguistic terminology, "The can" is a noun phrase
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast%20cell%20stabilizer
|
Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or control certain allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and degranulate.
As inhalers they are used to treat asthma, as nasal sprays to treat hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Finally, in oral form, they are used to treat the rare condition of mastocytosis.
Examples
Mast cell stabilizer medications include:
Cromoglicic acid (Cromolyn/cromoglycate)
Lodoxamide
Nedocromil
Ketotifen
Olopatadine
Bepotastine
Alcaftadine
Azelastine
Vitamin D
Quercetin
β2-adrenergic agonists
References
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Instruments%20Power
|
Texas Instruments Power, known more popularly by its acronym TIP, is a series of bipolar junction transistors manufactured by Texas Instruments. The series was introduced in the 1960s, and still sees some use today due to their simplicity, their durability, and their ease of use. A Texas Instruments catalog in 1966 lists the TIP04 and TIP14 part numbers.
Specific models
TIP29 and TIP30
The TIP29 and TIP30 are complementary transistors, used in medium power linear switching applications. The TIP29 is NPN, while the TIP30 is PNP. One of their uses was in general purpose amplifiers.
TIP31 and TIP32
A TIP31 an NPN bipolar transistor and TIP32 is the complementary PNP transistor. TIP31 transistors are designated as TIP31A, TIP31B, TIP31 to indicate increasing collector-base and collector-emitter breakdown voltage ratings. The TIP31 is packaged in a TO-220 case. TIP stands for Texas Instruments (Plastic) Power transistor. 31 is an arbitrary identifier.
These ratings are for the Fairchild TIP31 series. Other manufacturers may have other ratings for this part. These are absolute maximum ratings and should not be exceeded.
These characteristics apply to all types of TIP31 transistors (A, B, C). The characteristics are very similar between models, however differences may apply depending on temperature and/or manufacturing process.
TIP33 and TIP34
Complementary silicon transistors for use in high power general purpose amplifier and switching applications. The TIP33 is NPN and
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20G.%20Gall
|
Joseph Grafton Gall (born April 14, 1928) is an American cell biologist who is noted for studies revealing the details of chromosome structure and function. Gall's studies were greatly facilitated by his knowledge of many different organisms because he could select the most favorable organism to study when approaching a specific question about nuclear structure. He was awarded the 2006 Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award. He was also a co-recipient (with Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol W. Greider) of the 2007 Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University. In 1983 he was honored with the highest recognition of the American Society for Cell Biology, the E. B. Wilson Medal. He had been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1968, the National Academy of Sciences in 1972, and the American Philosophical Society in 1989.
Research career
Gall was called "the father of cell biology" in his citation for the Lasker award. Gall was a major contributor to the theory that a chromosome contained one DNA molecule running from one end to the other. In chromosomes after DNA replication, each of the two daughter chromatids had one DNA molecule running its length. He revealed this structure by examining amphibian lampbrush chromosomes in the microscope after staining for DNA and for RNA and also after treatment with enzymes that break down DNA or RNA. Although the Feulgen stain for DNA was not sensitive enough to stain the DNA in the loops of these chromosomes, but
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Gall
|
Joseph Gall may refer to:
Joseph G. Gall (born 1928), American cell biologist
Joseph Anton Gall (1748–1807), bishop of Linz
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models%20of%20DNA%20evolution
|
A number of different Markov models of DNA sequence evolution have been proposed. These substitution models differ in terms of the parameters used to describe the rates at which one nucleotide replaces another during evolution. These models are frequently used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. In particular, they are used during the calculation of likelihood of a tree (in Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to tree estimation) and they are used to estimate the evolutionary distance between sequences from the observed differences between the sequences.
Introduction
These models are phenomenological descriptions of the evolution of DNA as a string of four discrete states. These Markov models do not explicitly depict the mechanism of mutation nor the action of natural selection. Rather they describe the relative rates of different changes. For example, mutational biases and purifying selection favoring conservative changes are probably both responsible for the relatively high rate of transitions compared to transversions in evolving sequences. However, the Kimura (K80) model described below only attempts to capture the effect of both forces in a parameter that reflects the relative rate of transitions to transversions.
Evolutionary analyses of sequences are conducted on a wide variety of time scales. Thus, it is convenient to express these models in terms of the instantaneous rates of change between different states (the Q matrices below). If we are given a start
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20E.%20Darnell
|
James Edwin Darnell Jr. (born September 9, 1930, Columbus, Mississippi) is an American biologist who made significant contributions to RNA processing and cytokine signaling and is author of the cell biology textbook Molecular Cell Biology.
In 2004, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
Since 2013, Darnell has been listed on the Advisory Council of the National Center for Science Education.
He is married to Norwegian former model and dress shop owner Kristin Holby, known as "Clotilde", whose daughter Phoebe, a financial analyst, is married to businessman Divya Narendra.
Awards
1999 Dickson Prize
1999 Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award
2002 National Medal of Science
2002 Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award
2010 Hope Funds Award in Basic Research
2012 Albany Medical Center Prize
References
External links
Living people
21st-century American biologists
American textbook writers
American male non-fiction writers
National Medal of Science laureates
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Place of birth missing (living people)
1930 births
Rockefeller University people
Fellows of the AACR Academy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology%20modeling
|
Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of the "target" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a related homologous protein (the "template"). Homology modeling relies on the identification of one or more known protein structures likely to resemble the structure of the query sequence, and on the production of an alignment that maps residues in the query sequence to residues in the template sequence. It has been seen that protein structures are more conserved than protein sequences amongst homologues, but sequences falling below a 20% sequence identity can have very different structure.
Evolutionarily related proteins have similar sequences and naturally occurring homologous proteins have similar protein structure.
It has been shown that three-dimensional protein structure is evolutionarily more conserved than would be expected on the basis of sequence conservation alone.
The sequence alignment and template structure are then used to produce a structural model of the target. Because protein structures are more conserved than DNA sequences, and detectable levels of sequence similarity usually imply significant structural similarity.
The quality of the homology model is dependent on the quality of the sequence alignment and template structure. The approach can be complicated by the presence of alignment gaps (commonly called indels) that indicate a str
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5kan%20Malmstr%C3%B6m
|
Håkan Malmström (born 16 July 1977) is a Swedish footballer. He was a defender in the Swedish football club IF Brommapojkarna. He came to Brommapojkarna in the 2004 season, previously he has played for Segeltorps IF and Spårvägens FF. He also played for Norwegian team Hamarkameratene in the 2008 and 2009 seasons.
External links
1977 births
Living people
Men's association football central defenders
Swedish men's footballers
IF Brommapojkarna players
Hamarkameratene players
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Eliteserien players
Men's association football defenders
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.