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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction%20to%20entropy | In thermodynamics, entropy is a numerical quantity that shows that many physical processes can go in only one direction in time. For example, cream and coffee can be mixed together, but cannot be "unmixed"; a piece of wood can be burned, but cannot be "unburned". The word 'entropy' has entered popular usage to refer a lack of order or predictability, or of a gradual decline into disorder. A more physical interpretation of thermodynamic entropy refers to spread of energy or matter, or to extent and diversity of microscopic motion.
If a movie that shows coffee being mixed or wood being burned is played in reverse, it would depict processes impossible in reality. Mixing coffee and burning wood are "irreversible". Irreversibility is described by a law of nature known as the second law of thermodynamics, which states that in an isolated system (a system not connected to any other system) which is undergoing change, entropy increases over time.
Entropy does not increase indefinitely. A body of matter and radiation eventually will reach an unchanging state, with no detectable flows, and is then said to be in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermodynamic entropy has a definite value for such a body and is at its maximum value. When bodies of matter or radiation, initially in their own states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, are brought together so as to intimately interact and reach a new joint equilibrium, then their total entropy increases. For example, a glass of war |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20sine%20theorem | In optics, the optical sine theorem states that the products of the index, height, and sine of the slope angle of a ray in object space and its corresponding ray in image space are equal. That is:
External links
http://physics.tamuk.edu/~suson/html/4323/aberatn.html#Optical%20Sine
Sine theorem
Physics theorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-orthoplex | In five-dimensional geometry, a 5-orthoplex, or 5-cross polytope, is a five-dimensional polytope with 10 vertices, 40 edges, 80 triangle faces, 80 tetrahedron cells, 32 5-cell 4-faces.
It has two constructed forms, the first being regular with Schläfli symbol {33,4}, and the second with alternately labeled (checkerboarded) facets, with Schläfli symbol {3,3,31,1} or Coxeter symbol 211.
It is a part of an infinite family of polytopes, called cross-polytopes or orthoplexes. The dual polytope is the 5-hypercube or 5-cube.
Alternate names
pentacross, derived from combining the family name cross polytope with pente for five (dimensions) in Greek.
Triacontaditeron (or triacontakaiditeron) - as a 32-facetted 5-polytope (polyteron).
As a configuration
This configuration matrix represents the 5-orthoplex. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells and 4-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 5-orthoplex. The nondiagonal numbers say how many of the column's element occur in or at the row's element.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a 5-orthoplex, centered at the origin are
(±1,0,0,0,0), (0,±1,0,0,0), (0,0,±1,0,0), (0,0,0,±1,0), (0,0,0,0,±1)
Construction
There are three Coxeter groups associated with the 5-orthoplex, one regular, dual of the penteract with the C5 or [4,3,3,3] Coxeter group, and a lower symmetry with two copies of 5-cell facets, alternating, with the D5 or [32,1,1] Coxete |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OKATO | Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative Division (), or OKATO (), also called All-Russian classification on units of administrative and territorial distribution in English, is one of several Russian national registers. OKATO's purpose is organization of information about structure of the administrative divisions of the federal subjects of Russia.
The document assigns numeric codes to each administrative division of the country, which are hierarchically structured from the federal subject level down to selsoviet level; an expanded version also includes listings of individual inhabited localities within each administrative division.
OKATO is used for statistical and tax purposes. It was adopted on July 31, 1995, replacing SOATO (Designation System of Objects of Administrative Division of the Union of SSR and the Union Republics, as well as Inhabited Localities). It went into effect on January 1, 1997 and as of 2014 underwent 243 revisions. The compilation and maintenance of the OKATO data are the responsibility of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat).
See also
Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China (:zh:中华人民共和国行政区划代码), a somewhat similar system used in the PRC (only down to the county level).
OKTMO, Russian Classification on Territories of Municipal Division
References
External links
Political divisions of Russia
Geocodes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit%20House | Hermit House is an earthen residence situated on a cliff overlooking the Mediterranean near the Sidna Ali Mosque in Herzliya, Israel, and is an example of vernacular architecture. Its owner, designer, and creator, Nissim Kahlon, has been building the structure solely by hand since the late 1970s, tunnelling deep into the cliff side and using natural sea materials.
The structure includes dozens of chambers covered in highly elaborate tile mosaics made of recycled materials such as blue glass from broken Maccabee beer bottles, plates, and other debris washed ashore. Local city authorities have so far been unable to oust the non-code-compliant resident. Rising sea levels, caused in part by the city's construction of a jetty, pose a threat to Kahlon's work of several decades. Hermit House's exterior is publicly visible and requests for interior tours are occasionally honoured by its owner.
See also
Watts Towers, intricate Gaudiesque towers decorated with found objects
Forestiere Underground Gardens, earthen residence and gardens constructed by one man over thirty years.
Casapueblo, the house of noted Uruguayan artist Carlos Páez Vilaró
Ferdinand Cheval, a French postman who constructed an "ideal palace" out of rocks in his spare time.
Rubelia, a castle constructed of found objects located in Glendora, California
Mystery Castle, a house in Phoenix, Arizona built in the 1930s in a similar style.
Nitt Witt Ridge, a house in Cambria, California constructed in a similar style.
Refe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD278 | Inducible T-cell costimulator is an immune checkpoint protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOS gene.
CD278 or ICOS (Inducible T-cell COStimulator) is a CD28-superfamily costimulatory molecule that is expressed on activated T cells. It is thought to be important for Th2 cells in particular.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CD28 and CTLA-4 cell-surface receptor family. It forms homodimers and plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, immune responses and regulation of cell proliferation.
Knockout phenotype
Compared to wild-type naïve T cells, ICOS-/- T cells activated with plate-bound anti-CD3 have reduced proliferation and IL-2 secretion. The defect in proliferation can be rescued by addition of IL-2 to the culture, suggesting the proliferative defect is due either to ICOS-mediated IL-2 secretion or the activation of similar signaling pathways between ICOS and IL-2. In terms of Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion, ICOS-/- CD4+ T cell activated in vitro reduced IL-4 secretion, while maintaining similar IFN-g secretion. Similarly, CD4+ T cells purified from ICOS-/- mice immunized with the protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in alum or complete Freund's Adjuvant have attenuated IL-4 secretion, but similar IFN-g and IL-5 secretion when recalled with KLH.
These data are similar to an airway hypersensitivity model showing similar IL-5 secretion, but reduced IL-4 secretion in response to sensitization with Ova protein, indicating a defect in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20resonance | A Fermi resonance is the shifting of the energies and intensities of absorption bands in an infrared or Raman spectrum. It is a consequence of quantum-mechanical wavefunction mixing. The phenomenon was explained by the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi.
Selection rules and occurrence
Two conditions must be satisfied for the occurrence of Fermi resonance:
The two vibrational modes of a molecule transform according to the same irreducible representation in their molecular point group. In other words, the two vibrations must have the same symmetries (Mulliken symbols).
The transitions coincidentally have very similar energies.
Fermi resonance most often occurs between fundamental and overtone excitations, if they are nearly coincident in energy.
Fermi resonance leads to two effects. First, the high-energy mode shifts to higher energy, and the low-energy mode shifts to still lower energy. Second, the weaker mode gains intensity (becomes more allowed), and the more intense band decreases in intensity. The two transitions are describable as a linear combination of the parent modes. Fermi resonance does not lead to additional bands in the spectrum, but rather shifts in bands that would otherwise exist.
Examples
Ketones
High-resolution IR spectra of most ketones reveal that the "carbonyl band" is split into a doublet. The peak separation is usually only a few cm−1. This splitting arises from the mixing of νCO and the overtone of HCH bending modes.
CO2
In CO2, the bending vibrat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Census Division No. 4 is a Statistics Canada statistical division that comprises the areas of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador called St. George's. It covers a land area of 7087.65 km² and had a population of 20,387 at the 2016 census.
Towns
Cape St. George
Gallants
Kippens
Lourdes
Port au Port East
Port au Port West-Aguathuna-Felix Cove
St. George's
Stephenville
Stephenville Crossing
Unorganized subdivisions
Subdivision A (including Codroy, Cape Anguille, Doyles, South Branch)
Subdivision B (including Highlands, Jeffrey’s, Robinsons)
Subdivision C (including St. Teresa, Flat Bay, Barachois Brook)
Subdivision D (including Fox Island River)
Subdivision E (including Mainland)
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Division No. 4 had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
Sources
004 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%20enda%20g%C3%A5ng | En enda gång is a 1992 studio album from Kikki Danielsson & Roosarna. The tracks "En enda gång", "Kvällens sista dans" and "Natt efter natt" were tested for Svensktoppen, but only "En enda gång" managed to enter the chart.
Track listing
Side A
Side B
References
1992 albums
Kikki Danielsson albums
Roosarna albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorosa%20%281986%20film%29 | Amorosa is a 1986 Swedish film starring Stina Ekblad and Erland Josephson and directed by Mai Zetterling. The story, an adaptation of the life of writer Agnes von Krusenstjerna (Ekblad), details her sexually charged and often turbulent relationship with David Sprengel (Josephson). At the 22nd Guldbagge Awards, Ekblad won the award for Best Actress and Josephson won the award for Best Actor.
Cast
Stina Ekblad as Agnes von Krusenstjerna
Erland Josephson as David Sprengel
Philip Zandén as Adolf von Krusenstjerna
Lena T. Hansson as Ava
Olof Thunberg as Ernst von Krusenstjerna
Peter Schildt as Gerhard Odencrantz
Rico Rönnbäck as Edward von Krusenstjerna
Inga Landgré as sister Klara
Inga Gill as Mrs. Tollen
Anita Björk as Arvida Gottliebsen
Lauritz Falk as Hugo Hamilton
Gunnel Broström as Evelina Hamilton
Johan Rabaeus as Jan Guy Hamilton
Mimi Pollak as friherrinnan Rosenhjelm
Börje Ahlstedt as Joachim Rosenhjelm
Gösta Krantz as Felix Tollen
Margreth Weivers as Beda Odencrantz
Henrik Schildt as Frey Odencrantz
Nils Eklund as Salomon Gottliebsen
Production
The film was shot primarily in Sweden and Venice, Italy.
References
External links
1986 films
1980s Swedish-language films
Films directed by Mai Zetterling
1986 drama films
Swedish drama films
1980s Swedish films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Swedlow | Jason Swedlow is an American-born cell biologist and light microscopist who is Professor of Quantitative Cell Biology at the School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland. He is a co-founder of the Open Microscopy Environment and Glencoe Software. In 2021, he joined Wellcome Leap as a Program Director.
Education and career
Prof. Swedlow received a B.A. in Chemistry from Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1982. He then earned a Ph.D. in Biophysics from UCSF in 1994, under the direction of Dr. David Agard and Dr. John Sedat. After a postdoctoral fellowship with Dr Tim Mitchison at UCSF and then Harvard Medical School, Dr Swedlow established his own laboratory in 1998 at the Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, as a Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellow. He was awarded a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in 2002 and named Professor of Quantitative Cell Biology in 2007. From 2021-2024, he has a part-time secondment as a Program Director at Wellcome Leap, running the Delta Tissue Program. He was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2012 and appointed an Honorary OBE in 2021.
Research
Prof. Swedlow's research focuses on mechanisms and regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division
and the development of software tools for accessing, processing, sharing and publishing large scientific image datasets. He leads OME, an international consortium that develops and releases open source software for biologic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate%E2%80%93aspartate%20shuttle | The malate–aspartate shuttle (sometimes simply the malate shuttle) is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis across the semipermeable inner membrane of the mitochondrion for oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes. These electrons enter the electron transport chain of the mitochondria via reduction equivalents to generate ATP. The shuttle system is required because the mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NADH, the primary reducing equivalent of the electron transport chain. To circumvent this, malate carries the reducing equivalents across the membrane.
Components
The shuttle consists of four protein parts:
malate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space.
aspartate aminotransferase in the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space.
malate-alpha-ketoglutarate antiporter in the inner membrane.
glutamate-aspartate antiporter in the inner membrane.
Mechanism
The primary enzyme in the malate–aspartate shuttle is malate dehydrogenase. Malate dehydrogenase is present in two forms in the shuttle system: mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. The two malate dehydrogenases are differentiated by their location and structure, and catalyze their reactions in opposite directions in this process.
First, in the cytosol, malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction of oxaloacetate and NADH to produce malate and NAD+. In this process, two electrons generated from NADH, and an accompany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA-12 | The alphanumeric designation CA-12, CA 12 or CA12 may refer to:
CA12, the carbonic anhydrase 12 enzyme and the gene that encodes it
California's 12th congressional district
California State Route 12, a highway in California
CAC Boomerang, a WWII fighter aircraft manufactured by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation in Australia
Comp Air 12, a civil utility aircraft manufactured by Comp Air Inc. in the USA
USS North Carolina (ACR-12), an early 20th-century U.S. Navy armoured cruiser, later renamed USS Charlotte (CA-12) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20of%20Cantus | The Crystal of Cantus is a Big Finish Productions audio drama featuring Lisa Bowerman as Bernice Summerfield, a character from the spin-off media based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
Plot
Bernice, Jason and Irving Braxiatel visit the planet of Cantus to locate its fabled Crystal. There, they unearth what seems to be a tomb of Cybermen. When even that isn't what it first appears to be, Bernice discovers that she can no longer trust one of her oldest friends.
Cast
Bernice Summerfield — Lisa Bowerman
Jason Kane — Stephen Fewell
Ronan McGinley — Nicholas Briggs
Irving Braxiatel — Miles Richardson
Joseph — Steven Wickham
Peter Summerfield — Thomas Grant
Parasiel — Paul Bryant
Commander Hallan — Michael Cuckson
Babs — Katarina Olsson
Jack — Toby Longworth
Thesanius — Gary Russell
Cassus — Joseph Lidster
Trivia
This story features a return to the Garazone Bazaar, first heard in the Doctor Who audio adventure Sword of Orion.
It's suggested that the Pandora creature is still trapped inside Irving Braxiatel's head which may explain his behaviour.
The story features the culmination of events leading back to The Mirror Effect.
It's implied that the Crystal of Cantus is actually from the Coronet of Rassilon.
External links
Big Finish Productions - Professor Bernice Summerfield: The Crystal of Cantus
Bernice Summerfield audio plays
Cybermen audio plays
Fiction set in the 27th century |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karna%20%28disambiguation%29 | Karna is one of the central characters of the Hindu epic Mahābhārata. Alternative transliterations include Karnaa, Karnan and Karn.
Karna may also refer to:
People
Karna (Kalachuri dynasty) (r. c. 1041-1073 CE), Indian king
Karna (Chaulukya dynasty) (r. c. 1064–1092 CE), Indian king
Karna (Vaghela dynasty) (r. c. 1296 – c. 1304), Indian king
Karna Lidmar-Bergström (born 1940), Swedish geomorphologist
Films
Karnan (1964 film), an Indian Tamil-language film starring Sivaji Ganesan
Karna (1986 film), an Indian Kannada-language film
Karnaa, a 1995 film Indian Tamil-language film starring Arjun
Karnan (2021 film), an Indian Tamil-language film starring Dhanush
Karna (2023 film), an Indian Telugu-language film
Places
Karnal, a city in Haryana, India
Karna, Iran, in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Karna, Poland
Karná, a village in the Humenne District of Slovakia
Kärna, a locality in Kungälv Municipality, Sweden
Kärnan, a medieval tower in southern Sweden
Karna, a former name of Saada, Yemen
Other uses
Karna, an Iranian musical instrument in Persian traditional music
Karna (Talmud), a Jewish Amora sage of Babylonia
The common name of Platysace cirrosa, a Western Australian herb
See also
Karnan (disambiguation)
Karn (disambiguation)
Karan (disambiguation)
Karana (disambiguation)
Karma (disambiguation)
Karra (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Subdivision%20B%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Division No. 4, Subd. B is an unorganized subdivision on St. George's Bay on the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is in Division No. 4.
According to the 2016 Statistics Canada Census:
Population: 1174
% Change (2011 to 2016): -9.6%
Dwellings: 948
Area: 1847.38 km2
Density: 0.6 people/km2
Division No. 4, Subd. B includes the unincorporated communities of
Cartyville
Heatherton
Highlands
Jeffrey's
Loch Leven
McKay's
Robinsons
St. Fintan's
St. David's
References
Newfoundland and Labrador subdivisions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone%20likelihood%20ratio | A monotonic likelihood ratio in distributions and
The ratio of the density functions above is monotone in the parameter , so satisfies the monotone likelihood ratio property.
In statistics, the monotone likelihood ratio property is a property of the ratio of two probability density functions (PDFs). Formally, distributions ƒ(x) and g(x) bear the property if
that is, if the ratio is nondecreasing in the argument .
If the functions are first-differentiable, the property may sometimes be stated
For two distributions that satisfy the definition with respect to some argument x, we say they "have the MLRP in x." For a family of distributions that all satisfy the definition with respect to some statistic T(X), we say they "have the MLR in T(X)."
Intuition
The MLRP is used to represent a data-generating process that enjoys a straightforward relationship between the magnitude of some observed variable and the distribution it draws from. If satisfies the MLRP with respect to , the higher the observed value , the more likely it was drawn from distribution rather than . As usual for monotonic relationships, the likelihood ratio's monotonicity comes in handy in statistics, particularly when using maximum-likelihood estimation. Also, distribution families with MLR have a number of well-behaved stochastic properties, such as first-order stochastic dominance and increasing hazard ratios. Unfortunately, as is also usual, the strength of this assumption comes at the price of rea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairine | Kairine is a derivative of tetrahydroquinoline which was first described by Wilhelm Fischer in 1883. Its name comes from the Greek kairos, meaning "the right time". It is an antipyretic, formerly used against typhoid fever, but now largely obsolete due to severe side effects. Both kairine and its N-ethyl homolog show similar antipyretic activity.
See also
8-Hydroxyquinoline
References
Nitrogen heterocycles
Antipyretics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Subdivision%20C%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Division No. 4, Subd. C is an unorganized subdivision on St. George's Bay on the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is in Division No. 4.
According to the 2016 Statistics Canada Census:
Population: 747
% Change (2011 to 2016): 2.6
Dwellings: 490
Area: 2378.34 km2
Density: 0.3 people/km2
Division No. 4, Subd. C includes the unincorporated communities of
Barachois Brook
Flat Bay
Mattis Point
St. Teresa
References
Newfoundland and Labrador subdivisions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrowing | Narrowing may refer to:
Narrowing (computer science), a type of algorithm for solving equations between symbolic expressions
Narrowing of algebraic value sets, a method for the elimination of values from a solution set which are inconsistent with the equations being solved
Narrowing (historical linguistics), a type of semantic change
Collisional narrowing of a spectral line due to collisions of the emitting species
Motional narrowing of a resonant frequency due to the inhomogeneity of the system averaging out over time
Perceptual narrowing, a process in brain development
Q-based narrowing, a concept in pragmatics
Stenosis, the narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ
See also
Narrow (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artesunate%20suppositories | Artesunate suppositories are used for the treatment of malaria. Artesunate is an antimalarial water-soluble derivative of dihydroartemisinin. Artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Artemisia annua, a Chinese traditional medicine. These suppositories are given rectally due to the risk of death from severe malaria, as described below.
The risk of death from severe malaria is largely dependent on the time lag between the onset of symptoms and treatment. Rapid access and administration of effective treatment is therefore essential. For many patients, readily available oral drugs cannot be taken because of their symptoms (e.g., vomiting, convulsions, coma), and hospitals providing alternative, non-oral treatment are often inaccessible. The drug artesunate, given in rectal suppository form, provides a potential solution to this problem: it can be made available in remote areas and thus can be given at the onset of symptoms.
Artesunate is one of a number of artemisinin derivatives discovered and developed by Chinese scientists and registered in China since the 1980s. Since the 1990s, UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) have supported studies to assess the properties of the drug. There were already indications that artesunate, given rectally, was effective in severe malaria. Significant work with artemisinin suppositories in severe malaria was conducted in Viet Nam in the early 1990s, and clinical trials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy%20protein | Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans are processed into three kinds of high protein commercial products: soy flour, concentrates, and isolates. Soy protein isolate has been used since 1959 in foods for its functional properties.
Soy protein is generally regarded as being concentrated in protein bodies, which are estimated to contain at least 60–70% of the total soybean protein. Upon germination of the soybean, the protein will be digested, and the released amino acids will be transported to locations of seedling growth. Soybeans contain a small but newly very significant 2S Albumin storage protein. Legume proteins, such as soy and pulses, belong to the globulin family of seed storage proteins called legumin and vicilins, or in the case of soybeans, glycinin and beta-conglycinin. Soybeans also contain biologically active or metabolic proteins, such as enzymes, trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinins, and cysteine proteases very similar to papain. The soy cotyledon storage proteins, important for human nutrition, can be extracted most efficiently by water, water plus dilute alkali (pH 7–9), or aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (0.5–2 M ≈ 30-120 g/L) from dehulled and defatted soybeans that have undergone only a minimal heat treatment so the protein is close to being native or undenatured.
History
Soy protein has been available since 1936 for its functional proper |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastard%20%28typeface%29 | Bastard is a blackletter typeface designed by Jonathan Barnbrook in 1990. The name derives from a typographic classification known as Bastarda. The Bastard face is an exploration of the blackletter face (the earliest types, similar to those made by Gutenberg, and based upon monastic script) with a simple kit of parts. The face is available in three weights: Spindly Bastard, Fat Bastard, and Even Fatter Bastard.
While the angular terminals suggest the nib of a pen, the typeface was drawn electronically and avoids curved strokes. The c. 1865 typeface Fletcher is similar in its purely geometric construction.
References
Bain, Peter and Paul Shaw. Blackletter: Type and National Identity. Princeton Architectural Press: 1998. .
Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. .
Macmillan, Neil. An A–Z of Type Designers. Yale University Press: 2006. .
External links
Website of Barnbrook Design
Blackletter typefaces
Typefaces with text figures
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1990
Typefaces designed by Jonathan Barnbrook |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20dimension | In mathematics the term Hilbert dimension may refer to:
Hilbert space dimension
Hilbert dimension in ring theory, see Hilbert's basis theorem
See also
Hilbert series and Hilbert polynomial |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Tottenham%20Hotspur%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | Tottenham Hotspur are an English association football club based in Tottenham, London. They are among the most successful clubs in English football, with 26 league and cup victories.
Club records
Record wins
Record win: 13–2 v Crewe Alexandra, FA Cup, 3 February 1960
Record league victory: 9–0 v Bristol Rovers, Division 2, 22 October 1977
Record Premier League victory: 9–1 v Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009
Most league goals scored: 10–4 v Everton, 11 October 1958.
Record cup victory: 13–2 v Crewe Alexandra, FA Cup, 3 February 1960
Record home win: 13–2 v Crewe Alexandra, FA Cup, 3 February 1960
Record UEFA Cup win: 9–0 v Keflavík (Iceland) 28 September 1971 (aggregate 15–1, including 1–6 win away on 14 September 1971)
Record away wins:
7–0 v Tranmere Rovers, FA Cup, 4 January 2019
6–0 v Drogheda United, UEFA Cup, 14 September 1983
6–0 v Oldham Athletic, Football League Cup, 23 September 2004
7–1 v Hull City, Premier League, 21 May 2017.
Record defeats
Record defeat: 0–8 v 1. FC Köln, UEFA Intertoto Cup, 22 July 1995
Record Champions League defeat: 2–7 v Bayern Munich, 1 October 2019
Most league goals conceded: 2–8 v Derby County, Division 1, 16 October 1976
Record league defeat: 0–7 v Liverpool, Division 1, 2 September 1978
Record Premier League defeat:
1–7 v Newcastle United, 28 December 1996
0–6 v Sheffield United, 2 March 1993
0–6 v Manchester City, 24 November 2013
Record cup defeat: 1–6 v Newcastle United, FA Cup, 23 December 1999
Record home defeat: 0–6
v S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culdocentesis | Culdocentesis is a medical procedure involving the extraction of fluid from the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) posterior to the vagina through a needle. It can be one diagnostic technique used in identifying pelvic inflammatory disease (in which case purulent fluid will be extracted) and ruptured ectopic pregnancies that cause hemoperitoneum.
In the procedure, the rectouterine pouch is often reached through the posterior fornix of the vagina. The process of creating the hole is called colpotomy if a scalpel incision is made to drain the fluid rather than using a needle.
See also
Amniocentesis
Colposcopy
Culdoscopy
References
External links
"Culdocentesis and colpotomy" at World Health Organization
Female genital procedures |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20rearrangement | Tree rearrangements are deterministic algorithms devoted to search for optimal phylogenetic tree structure. They can be applied to any set of data that are naturally arranged into a tree, but have most applications in computational phylogenetics, especially in maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood searches of phylogenetic trees, which seek to identify one among many possible trees that best explains the evolutionary history of a particular gene or species.
Basic tree rearrangements
The simplest tree-rearrangement, known as nearest-neighbor interchange, exchanges the connectivity of four subtrees within the main tree. Because there are three possible ways of connecting four subtrees, and one is the original connectivity, each interchange creates two new trees. Exhaustively searching the possible nearest-neighbors for each possible set of subtrees is the slowest but most optimizing way of performing this search. An alternative, more wide-ranging search, subtree pruning and regrafting (SPR), selects and removes a subtree from the main tree and reinserts it elsewhere on the main tree to create a new node. Finally, tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) detaches a subtree from the main tree at an interior node and then attempts all possible connections between edges of the two trees thus created. The increasing complexity of the tree rearrangement technique correlates with increasing computational time required for the search, although not necessarily with their performance.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20Area%20Segway%20Enthusiasts%20Group | The Bay Area Segway Enthusiasts Group held its first meeting on September 20, 2003, at the California FIRST Robotics Competition. The group was formed to increase knowledge and public acceptance of the Segway Human Transporter and to provide a resource to local owners and enthusiasts for information and group events. Not only was it one of the first Segway Enthusiasts Groups but it has become the largest and one of the most active. They are based in the San Francisco Bay Area.
In July 2004 members of the Bay Area SEG started playing Segway Polo. Group members have played around the United States and in New Zealand. Other teams are forming around the world.
Some notable members of Bay Area SEG are Steve Wozniak, Victor Miller and Amy Tan.
External links
Organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area
2003 establishments in California
Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area
Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCF%20complex | Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (or SCF complex) is a multi-protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes the ubiquitination of proteins destined for 26S proteasomal degradation. Along with the anaphase-promoting complex, SCF has important roles in the ubiquitination of proteins involved in the cell cycle. The SCF complex also marks various other cellular proteins for destruction.
Core components
SCF contains a variable F-box protein and three core subunits:
F-box protein (FBP) – FBP contributes to the substrate specificity of the SCF complex by first aggregating to target proteins independently of the complex. Each FBP (e.g. Skp2) may recognize several different substrates in a manner that is dependent on post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation. FBP then binds to Skp1 of the SCF complex using an F-box motif, bringing the target protein into proximity with the functional E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. FBP is also essential in regulating SCF activity during the course of the cell cycle. SCF levels are thought to remain constant throughout the cell-cycle. Instead, FBP affinity for protein substrates is regulated through cyclin-CDK-mediated phosphorylation of target proteins.
Skp1 – Skp1 is an adaptor protein that is essential for the recognition and binding of F-box proteins.
Cullin (CUL1) – Cullin forms the major structural scaffold of the SCF complex and links the skp1 domain to the Rbx1 domain. Different combinations of Culli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobin | Hydrophobins are a group of small (~100 amino acids) cysteine-rich proteins that were discovered in filamentous fungi that are lichenized or not. Later similar proteins were also found in Bacteria. Hydrophobins are known for their ability to form a hydrophobic (water-repellent) coating on the surface of an object. They were first discovered and separated in Schizophyllum commune in 1991. Based on differences in hydropathy patterns and biophysical properties, they can be divided into two categories: class I and class II. Hydrophobins can self-assemble into a monolayer on hydrophilic:hydrophobic interfaces such as a water:air interface. Class I monolayer contains the same core structure as amyloid fibrils, and is positive to Congo red and thioflavin T. The monolayer formed by class I hydrophobins has a highly ordered structure, and can only be dissociated by concentrated trifluoroacetate or formic acid. Monolayer assembly involves large structural rearrangements with respect to the monomer.
Fungi make complex aerial structures and spores even in aqueous environments.
Hydrophobins have been identified in lichens as well as non-lichenized ascomycetes and basidiomycetes; whether they exist in other groups is not known. Hydrophobins are generally found on the outer surface of conidia and of the hyphal wall, and may be involved in mediating contact and communication between the fungus and its environment. Some family members contain multiple copies of the domain.
Hydrophobins ha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20power%20station | Solar power station may refer to:
Concentrated solar power
Photovoltaic power station
Space-based solar power
See also
List of solar thermal power stations
List of photovoltaic power stations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chelsea%20Symphony | The Chelsea Symphony is an orchestra noted for its uniquely fluid hierarchy. Based in New York City, The Chelsea Symphony's members rotate as the ensemble’s own conductors, composers, and soloists. Each season, every conductor conducts a complete symphonic program with the group; each composer has a new work performed by the full orchestra; and every soloist performs a featured piece with the entire ensemble. The Chelsea Symphony gives most of its concerts at the German Church of St. Paul's.
Founding and First Concerts
Founded in November 2005 by Miguel Campos Neto and Yaniv Segal, the orchestra was originally called The City Orchestra of New York, but later changed its name to The Chelsea Symphony after establishing itself as the resident orchestra of Chelsea, Manhattan. The orchestra gave its first concert (as The City Orchestra of New York) on May 20, 2006, at the German Church of St. Paul's. The concert featured conductors Ankush Bahl, Miguel Campos Neto, Avlana Eisenberg, Geoffrey Robson, and Yaniv Segal; soloists Greg Giannascoli (Marimba) and Michael Ludwig (Violin); and composer Aaron Dai.
The orchestra gave its first concerts as The Chelsea Symphony on September 9 and 10, 2006, at St. Peter's Church - Chelsea and the German Church of St. Paul's, respectively. The concert cycle featured conductors Geoffrey Robson and Ben Rous; soloists Adam Hollander (Oboe) and Hugo Moreno (Trumpet); and composer Ryan Chase.
External links
The Chelsea Symphony's website
St. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20diffusion | Spin diffusion describes a situation wherein the individual nuclear spins undergo continuous exchange of energy. This permits polarization differences within the sample to be reduced on a timescale much shorter than relaxation effects.
Spin diffusion is a process by which magnetization can be exchanged spontaneously between spins. The process is driven by dipolar coupling, and is therefore related to internuclear distances. Spin diffusion has been used to study many structural problems in the past, ranging from domain sizes in polymers and disorder in glassy materials to high-resolution crystal structure determination of small molecules and proteins.
In solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, spin diffusion plays a major role in Cross Polarization (CP) experiments. As mentioned before, by transferring the magnetization (and thus the population) from nuclei with different values for the spin-lattice relaxation (T1), the overall time for the experiment is reduced. Is a very common practice when the sample contains hydrogen. Another desirable effect is that the signal to noise ratio (S/N) is increased until a theoretical factor γA/γB, being γ the gyromagnetic ratio.
Notes
Quantum field theory
Nuclear magnetic resonance |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Palace%20%28High%20Level%29%20railway%20station | Crystal Palace (High Level) was a railway station in South London. It was one of two stations built to serve the new site of the Great Exhibition building, the Crystal Palace, when it was moved from Hyde Park to Sydenham Hill after 1851. It was the terminus of the Crystal Palace and South London Junction Railway (CPSLJR), which was later absorbed by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR). The station closed permanently in 1954.
History
Origins
In 1860 the LCDR had a route from to Victoria via the existing Crystal Palace station (later known as "Low Level"), but this was owned and operated by the rival London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR). To capture traffic from the LBSCR the LCDR promoted the CPSLJR to construct a branch from on the South London Line via Nunhead to a new terminal station above the Crystal Palace park.
The line, and the terminus only, opened on 1 August 1865. It was on the southern boundary of the Hamlet of Dulwich division of the ancient Civil Parish of Camberwell St. Giles.
Features
The station was designed by Charles Barry Jr. as a lavish red brick and buff terra cotta building. It was excavated into the ridge below Crystal Palace Parade, approached from the north through the Paxton Tunnel, requiring major engineering works. There were subway exits leading under Crystal Palace Parade into Crystal Palace Park, linking the station directly with the palace. The subway was a vaulted and tiled chamber resembling a Byzantine crypt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20National%20Scout%20Jamboree | The 1993 National Scout Jamboree was the 13th national Scout jamboree of the Boy Scouts of America and was held from August 4-10, 1993, at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia.
Statistics
This event was attended by 34,449 scouts.
List of sub-camps
The 1993 National Scout Jamboree was divided into four regional encampments which consisted of a total of 19 sub-camps. Each subcamp consisted of approximately 1300 participants each dispersed among 30-40 troops. Each troop occupied a campsite with dimensions of approximately X 90 feet. Each subcamp had a special patch depicting a historical flag.
Central region
Subcamp 1: Green Mountain
Subcamp 2: Rhode Island
Subcamp 3: Guilford Courthouse
Subcamp 4: French Fleur-de-lis
Western region
Subcamp 5: Union Jack
Subcamp 6: Grand Union
Subcamp 7: Fremont
Subcamp 8: Sons of Liberty
Subcamp 9: Gadsden
Southern region
Subcamp 15: Navy Jack
Subcamp 16: Serapis
Subcamp 17: Fort Moultrie
Subcamp 18: Lions & Castles
Subcamp 19: Commodore Perry
Northeast region
Subcamp 10: Bunker Hill
Subcamp 11: Bennington
Subcamp 12: Washington Cruisers
Subcamp 13: Phila, Light Horse
Subcamp 14: Taunton
Program
Jamboree attendees were able to participate in a number of activities. Singer Lee Greenwood and performance group Up With People performed at the opening ceremony, and singer Louise Mandrell performed at the closing ceremony. A list of the main activities is given below.
Action centers
"Action Alley"
Air-Rifle
Archery
"Bikathalon"
"Buckskin Games" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20terminal%20repeat | A long terminal repeat (LTR) is a pair of identical sequences of DNA, several hundred base pairs long, which occur in eukaryotic genomes on either end of a series of genes or pseudogenes that form a retrotransposon or an endogenous retrovirus or a retroviral provirus. All retroviral genomes are flanked by LTRs, while there are some retrotransposons without LTRs. Typically, an element flanked by a pair of LTRs will encode a reverse transcriptase and an integrase, allowing the element to be copied and inserted at a different location of the genome. Copies of such an LTR-flanked element can often be found hundreds or thousands of times in a genome. LTR retrotransposons comprise about 8% of the human genome.
The first LTR sequences were found by A.P. Czernilofsky and J. Shine in 1977 and 1980.
Transcription
The LTR-flanked sequences are partially transcribed into an RNA intermediate, followed by reverse transcription into complementary DNA (cDNA) and ultimately dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) with full LTRs. The LTRs then mediate integration of the DNA via an LTR specific integrase into another region of the host chromosome.
Retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) use this basic mechanism.
Dating retroviral insertions
As 5' and 3' LTRs are identical upon insertion, the difference between paired LTRs can be used to estimate the age of ancient retroviral insertions. This method of dating is used by paleovirologists, though it fails to take into account confoundin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational%20efficiency | In cell biology, translational efficiency or translation efficiency is the rate of mRNA translation into proteins within cells.
It has been measured in protein per mRNA per hour. Several RNA elements within mRNAs have been shown to affect the rate. These include miRNA and protein binding sites. RNA structure may also affect translational efficiency through the altered protein or microRNA binding.
See also
List of cis-regulatory RNA elements
Transterm
UTRdb
References
External links
Transterm database online
Cell biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenovirus%20E1B%20protein | Adenovirus E1B protein usually refers to one of two proteins transcribed from the E1B gene of the adenovirus: a 55kDa protein and a 19kDa protein. These two proteins are needed to block apoptosis in adenovirus-infected cells. E1B proteins work to prevent apoptosis that is induced by the small adenovirus E1A protein, which stabilizes p53, a tumor suppressor.
Functions
E1B-19k
E1B-19k blocks a p53-independent apoptosis mechanism. Without E1B-19k, degradation of both cellular and viral DNA occurs, in addition to premature host cell death during the lytic cycle, thus limiting viral replication.
E1B-19k mimics MCL1, which is a cellular antiapoptotic protein. In infected cells, the expression of E1A results in the degradation of MCL-1, which normally binds the propaptotic protein, BAK. BAK activation induces apoptosis by cooligomerizing with another proapoptotic protein, BAX. Together, BAK and BAX form pores in the mitochondrial membrane, releasing apoptogenic proteins like cytochrome c. This and other proteins released from the mitochondria lead to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and the resulting apoptotic program. However, in adenovirus-infected cells, activated BAK and BAX are sequestered by E1B-19k, preventing the pathway.
E1B-55k
E1B-55k blocks p53 from inhibiting cell cycling and stops it from inducing apoptosis. Observations show that E1b-55k inhibits activation by p53 by binding a repression domain to it, converting it from an activator to a repressor of p53-activ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Wiesenfeld | Kurt Wiesenfeld is an American physicist working primarily on non-linear dynamics. His works primarily concern stochastic resonance, spontaneous synchronization of coupled oscillators, and non-linear laser dynamics. Since 1987, he has been professor of physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
Life and work
Kurt Wiesenfeld received his Bachelor of Science in Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979, after which he moved to University of California, Berkeley and received his doctorate in 1985. From 1984 to 1985, he was a Lecturer and Research Scientist at the University of California at Santa Cruz.
In 1987, as a post-doctoral research scientist in the Solid State Theory Group of Brookhaven National Laboratory, he and another fellow post-doctoral scientist, Chao Tang, along with their mentor, Per Bak, presented new ideas in group organization with a concept they coined self-organized criticality in their paper in Physical Review Letters. The first discovered example of a dynamical system displaying such self-organized criticality was named after them as the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld "sandpile" model.
Wiesenfeld is currently a fellow of the American Physical Society, a member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), and a past member of the Executive Committee of the American Physical Society's Division of Biological Physics.
Selected publications
References
External links
Georgia Institute of Technology School of Physics
" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov%E2%80%93Bogolyubov%20theorem | In mathematics, the Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem (also known as the existence of invariant measures theorem) may refer to either of the two related fundamental theorems within the theory of dynamical systems. The theorems guarantee the existence of invariant measures for certain "nice" maps defined on "nice" spaces and were named after Russian-Ukrainian mathematicians and theoretical physicists Nikolay Krylov and Nikolay Bogolyubov who proved the theorems.
Formulation of the theorems
Invariant measures for a single map
Theorem (Krylov–Bogolyubov). Let (X, T) be a compact, metrizable topological space and F : X → X a continuous map. Then F admits an invariant Borel probability measure.
That is, if Borel(X) denotes the Borel σ-algebra generated by the collection T of open subsets of X, then there exists a probability measure μ : Borel(X) → [0, 1] such that for any subset A ∈ Borel(X),
In terms of the push forward, this states that
Invariant measures for a Markov process
Let X be a Polish space and let be the transition probabilities for a time-homogeneous Markov semigroup on X, i.e.
Theorem (Krylov–Bogolyubov). If there exists a point for which the family of probability measures { Pt(x, ·) | t > 0 } is uniformly tight and the semigroup (Pt) satisfies the Feller property, then there exists at least one invariant measure for (Pt), i.e. a probability measure μ on X such that
See also
For the 1st theorem: Ya. G. Sinai (Ed.) (1997): Dynamical Systems II. Ergodic Theory with A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble%20raft | A bubble raft is an array of bubbles. It demonstrates materials' microstructural and atomic length-scale behavior by modelling the {111} plane of a close-packed crystal. A material's observable and measurable mechanical properties strongly depend on its atomic and microstructural configuration and characteristics. This fact is intentionally ignored in continuum mechanics, which assumes a material to have no underlying microstructure and be uniform and semi-infinite throughout.
Bubble rafts assemble bubbles on a water surface, often with the help of amphiphilic soaps. These assembled bubbles act like atoms, diffusing, slipping, ripening, straining, and otherwise deforming in a way that models the behavior of the {111} plane of a close-packed crystal. The ideal (lowest energy) state of the assembly would undoubtedly be a perfectly regular single crystal, but just as in metals, the bubbles often form defects, grain boundaries, and multiple crystals.
History of bubble rafts
The concept of bubble raft modelling was first presented in 1947 by Nobel Laureate Sir William Lawrence Bragg and John Nye of Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory in Proceedings of the Royal Society A. Legend claims that Bragg conceived of bubble raft models while pouring oil into his lawn mower. He noticed that bubbles on the surface of the oil assembled into rafts resembling the {111} plane of close-packed crystals. Nye and Bragg later presented a method of generating and controlling bubbles on th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Pitot | Henri Pitot (; May 3, 1695 – December 27, 1771) was a French hydraulic engineer and the inventor of the pitot tube.
In a pitot tube, the height of the fluid column is proportional to the square of the velocity of the fluid at the depth of the inlet to the pitot tube. This relationship was discovered by Henri Pitot in 1732, when he was assigned the task of measuring the flow in the river Seine.
He rose to fame with the design of the Aqueduc de Saint-Clément near Montpellier (the construction lasted thirteen years), and the extension of Pont du Gard in Nîmes. In 1724, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and in 1740 a fellow of the Royal Society.
The Pitot theorem of plane geometry is named after him.
Rue Henri Pitot in Carcassonne is named after him.
Notes
References
External links
History of water distribution
1695 births
1771 deaths
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fluid dynamicists
Hydraulic engineers
18th-century French engineers
People from Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20and%20I%20%28Eddie%20Rabbitt%20and%20Crystal%20Gayle%20song%29 | "You and I" is a duet recorded by American country music artists Eddie Rabbitt and Crystal Gayle. It was written by Frank J. Myers, produced by David Malloy, and released in October 1982 as the first single from Rabbitt's eighth studio album Radio Romance (1982). "You and I" became a major country pop crossover hit for both artists.
Track listing
7" single
"You And I" – 3:58
"All My Life, All My Love" – 2:44
Critical reception
In 2005, the song was ranked number seven on CMT's 100 Greatest Duets in Country Music. Gayle performed the duet with Raul Malo of The Mavericks since Rabbitt had died of lung cancer in 1998.
"You and I" went to number one on the US Billboard Country chart for one week.
On the Billboard Hot 100, the song spent 29 weeks on the chart, peaking at number seven, and making it the 12th biggest song of the year.
Charts
In popular culture
The song was used for the 1984 wedding of Greg Nelson and Jenny Gardner on the American soap opera All My Children.
The US musical television series Glee covered this song in a mash-up with the Lady Gaga's same titled song in the third season episode "Mash Off" (2011). American sitcom 30 Rock covered the song when Jenna (Jane Krakowski) practised and sang it with contestant Brock (Tyler Merna) on the Live Results Show of America's Kidz Got Singing at the end of the sixth season episode, "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong, Part 2" (2012).
References
External links
1982 songs
1982 singles
Eddie Rabbitt songs
Crystal Gayle song |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-exact%20solutions%20in%20general%20relativity | Non-exact solutions in general relativity are solutions of Albert Einstein's field equations of general relativity which hold only approximately. These solutions are typically found by treating the gravitational field, , as a background space-time, , (which is usually an exact solution) plus some small perturbation, . Then one is able to solve the Einstein field equations as a series in , dropping higher order terms for simplicity.
A common example of this method results in the linearised Einstein field equations. In this case we expand the full space-time metric about the flat Minkowski metric, :
,
and dropping all terms which are of second or higher order in .
See also
Exact solutions in general relativity
Linearized gravity
Post-Newtonian expansion
Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism
Numerical relativity
References
General relativity |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Get%20Over%20You | "I'll Get Over You" is a song written by Richard Leigh, and recorded by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. It was released in March 1976 as the second single from the album Somebody Loves You. The song was Gayle's seventh chart hit and her first number-one country hit in 1976.
Background
In the mid-1970s, Gayle was trying to establish a recording career in country music. Gayle wanted to be on the level of her older sister Loretta Lynn. It was the help of her sister that helped produce Gayle's first single called "I've Cried the Blue Right Out of My Eyes."
However, it was the help of songwriter Richard Leigh who helped her gain control of her career. He wrote her first two big hits "Wrong Road Again" and "Somebody Loves You". In 1976, Gayle finally released "I'll Get Over You". The song became Gayle's first number-one hit, and the song made Gayle a household name.
That same year, "I'll Get Over You" was released on her 1976 album Somebody Loves You. "I'll Get Over You" remains as one of her best-known songs.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other versions
Two weeks before Crystal's version entered the Billboard Easy Listening chart in June 1976, a cover by actress Susan George hit the chart, peaking at No. 44.
References
External links
1976 singles
1975 songs
Crystal Gayle songs
Songs written by Richard Leigh (songwriter)
Song recordings produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records singles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodanese | Rhodanese is a mitochondrial enzyme that detoxifies cyanide (CN−) by converting it to thiocyanate (SCN−, also known as "rhodanate"). In enzymatology, the common name is listed as thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (). It catalyzes the following reaction:
thiosulfate + cyanide sulfite + thiocyanate
Structure and mechanism
This reaction takes place in two steps. The diagram on the right shows the crystallographically-determined structure of rhodanese. In the first step, thiosulfate is reduced by the thiol group on cysteine-247 1, to form a persulfide and a sulfite 2. In the second step, the persulfide reacts with cyanide to produce thiocyanate, re-generating the cysteine thiol 1.
Rhodanese shares evolutionary relationship with a large family of proteins, including
Cdc25 phosphatase catalytic domain.
non-catalytic domains of eukaryotic dual-specificity MAPK-phosphatases
non-catalytic domains of yeast PTP-type MAPK-phosphatases
non-catalytic domains of yeast Ubp4, Ubp5, Ubp7
non-catalytic domains of mammalian Ubp-Y
Drosophila heat shock protein HSP-67BB
several bacterial cold-shock and phage shock proteins
plant senescence associated proteins
catalytic and non-catalytic domains of rhodanese
Rhodanese has an internal duplication. This domain is found as a single copy in other proteins, including phosphatases and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases.
Clinical relevance
This reaction is important for the treatment of exposure to cyanide, since the thiocyanate formed is aroun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrong%20Road%20Again | "Wrong Road Again" is a song written by Allen Reynolds, and recorded by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. It was released in September 1974 as the first single from the album Crystal Gayle.
In the mid-1970s, country music was making its move into pop music by artists such as Lynn Anderson and Eddie Rabbitt. The song "Wrong Road Again" is a set example of this. Even though the song never crossed over into the pop charts, the instruments used in the sessions were not instruments normally used in country music. Crystal Gayle at the time was working to set a name for herself in the music business. "Wrong Road Again" became the song to help jumpstart her career as a country singer. The song became Gayle's first Top Ten single and showed what was to come from her in the next couple of years.
Cover versions
English singer Marianne Faithfull recorded a cover of the song on her country-flavoured album Dreamin' My Dreams in 1976 on Mike Leander's NEMS label. (The album was later retitled "Faithless" and re-released in 1977, with a few track substitutions.) Besides "Wrong Road Again," the album featured the Allen Reynolds-penned title track, which had also previously been recorded by Gayle and by Waylon Jennings.
Chart performance
References
External links
1974 singles
Crystal Gayle songs
Songs written by Allen Reynolds
Song recordings produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records singles
1974 songs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody%20Loves%20You%20%28Crystal%20Gayle%20song%29 | "Somebody Loves You" is a song written by Allen Reynolds, and recorded by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. It was released in December 1975 as the first single and title track from the album Somebody Loves You.
"Somebody Loves You" was one of two hits produced by Crystal Gayle in 1976. "Somebody Loves You" was followed by the single, "I'll Get Over You". Gayle's voice was still growing when this song was produced, but is still a pieces of work that should be remembered by Gayle. This single reached number 8 on the country music chart that year. In 1976, Gayle released an album by the same name that featured "Somebody Loves You" in it.
Content
The song talks about a woman that loves someone who lives far away and she explains how she can't get in contact with him. For example, Gayle sings in one part of the song how she "couldn't reach him by the U.S. Mail". Then she says "guess who loves, somebody loves you, I do".
Cover versions
The only cover version of note came from Marianne Faithfull, who recorded this for her album Dreamin' My Dreams, in 1977.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
External links
1975 singles
1975 songs
Crystal Gayle songs
Songs written by Allen Reynolds
Song recordings produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records singles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal%20node%20%28computer%20science%29 | In computer science, a goal node is a node in a graph that meets defined criteria for success or termination.
Heuristical artificial intelligence algorithms, like A* and B*, attempt to reach such nodes in optimal time by defining the distance to the goal node. When the goal node is reached, A* defines the distance to the goal node as 0 and all other nodes' distances as positive values.
References
N.J. Nilsson Principles of Artificial Intelligence (1982 Birkhäuser) p. 63
See also
Tree traversal
Graph algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentaffin | Argentaffin refers to cells which take up silver stain.
Enteroendocrine cells are sometimes also called "argentaffins", because they take up this stain. An argentaffin cell is any enteroendocrine cell, a hormone-secreting cell present throughout the digestive tract.
It is a property of melanin, and special stain can be applied to identify those granules. Fontana-Masson stain uses the fact that those cells can reduce the silver salts to metallic silver (brownish-black) color without the aid of reducing agent, which is the definition of Argentaffin cells.
Argentaffin cells
, one of the round or partly flattened cells occurring in the lining tissue of the digestive tract and containing granules thought to be of secretory function. These epithelial cells, though common throughout the digestive tract, are most concentrated in the small intestine and appendix. The cells located randomly within the mucous membrane lining of the intestine and in tubelike depressions in that lining known as the Lieberkühn glands. Their granules contain a chemical called serotonin, which stimulates smooth muscle contractions. Functionally, it is believed that serotonin diffuses out of the argentaffin cells into the walls of the digestive tract, where neurons leading to the muscles are stimulated to produce the wavelike contractions of peristalsis. Peristaltic movements encourage the passage of food substances through the intestinal tract.
The mucosa of bronchi contains numerous neuroendocrine cell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Dennis%20%28footballer%29 | Mark Earl Dennis (born 2 May 1961) is an English former professional footballer who played at left-back for Birmingham City, Southampton, Queens Park Rangers and Crystal Palace. He was capped three times for England under-21s.
Dennis was born in Streatham, London. As a player, he was a First Division runner-up with Southampton in 1983–84, and won promotion from the Second Division in 1979–80 with Birmingham City. He was their Player of the Year the previous season. His "no nonsense attitude and tough tackling" earned him the nickname Psycho, long before this was given to Stuart Pearce; Dennis was sent off 12 times in his career.
He became manager of Fleet Town in September 2002 alongside Adrian Aymes, but left the club at the end of the 2002–03 season.
He spent time as assistant manager at Eastleigh, was a presenter on 107.8 Radio Hampshire, and acted as director of football at Winchester City.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Streatham
England men's under-21 international footballers
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Birmingham City F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
Fleet Town F.C. managers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartz%20kernel%20theorem | In mathematics, the Schwartz kernel theorem is a foundational result in the theory of generalized functions, published by Laurent Schwartz in 1952. It states, in broad terms, that the generalized functions introduced by Schwartz (Schwartz distributions) have a two-variable theory that includes all reasonable bilinear forms on the space of test functions. The space itself consists of smooth functions of compact support.
Statement of the theorem
Let and be open sets in .
Every distribution defines a
continuous linear map such that
for every .
Conversely, for every such continuous linear map
there exists one and only one distribution such that () holds.
The distribution is the kernel of the map .
Note
Given a distribution one can always write the linear map K informally as
so that
.
Integral kernels
The traditional kernel functions of two variables of the theory of integral operators having been expanded in scope to include their generalized function analogues, which are allowed to be more singular in a serious way, a large class of operators from to its dual space of distributions can be constructed. The point of the theorem is to assert that the extended class of operators can be characterised abstractly, as containing all operators subject to a minimum continuity condition. A bilinear form on arises by pairing the image distribution with a test function.
A simple example is that the natural embedding of the test function space into - sending every te |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Subdivision%20D%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Division No. 4, Subd. D is an unorganized subdivision on the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is in Division No. 4.
According to the 2016 Statistics Canada Census:
Population: 860
% Change (2011 to 2016): +3.6
Dwellings: 646
Area: 1,149.70 km2
Density: 0.7 people/km2
Division No. 4, Subd. D includes the unincorporated communities of
Fox Island River
Point au Mal
References
Newfoundland and Labrador subdivisions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon%20Coolpix%20S3 | The Coolpix S3 is a digital camera branded by Nikon. Its image sensor is a CCD with 6 million effective pixels (6.4 million total) with a 2.5-inch thin-film transistor liquid crystal display.
See also
Nikon Coolpix series
Nikon Coolpix S1
Nikon Coolpix S10
References
Nikon Coolpix S3: Digital Photography Review
Steve's Digicams - Nikon Coolpix S3
External links
http://imaging.nikon.com/lineup/coolpix/style/s3/
S0003
Point-and-shoot cameras
Digital cameras with CCD image sensor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic%20foam | Ceramic foam is a tough foam made from ceramics. Manufacturing techniques include impregnating open-cell polymer foams internally with ceramic slurry and then firing in a kiln, leaving only ceramic material. The foams may consist of several ceramic materials such as aluminium oxide, a common high-temperature ceramic, and gets insulating properties from the many tiny air-filled voids within the material.
The foam can be used not only for thermal insulation, but for a variety of other applications such as acoustic insulation, absorption of environmental pollutants, filtration of molten metal alloys, and as substrate for catalysts requiring large internal surface area.
It has been used as stiff lightweight structural material, specifically for support of reflecting telescope mirrors.
Properties
Ceramic foams are hardened ceramics with pockets of air or another gas trapped in pores throughout the body of the material. With its ability to create a large specific surface area, these materials can be fabricated as high as 94 to 96% air by volume with temperature resistances as high as 1700 °C. Because many ceramics are already oxides or other inert compounds, there is little danger of oxidation or reduction of the material.
Previously, pores had been avoided in ceramic components due to their brittle properties. However, in practice ceramic foams have somewhat advantageous mechanical properties, showing high strength and plastic toughness, compared to bulk ceramics. One examp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile%20elements | Volatile elements may refer to:
Volatility (chemistry), a property of elements in physical chemistry
Volatiles, a classification of elements in cosmochemistry and planetary science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptoline | Tryptoline, also known as tetrahydro-β-carboline and tetrahydronorharmane, is a natural organic derivative of beta-carboline. It is an alkaloid chemically related to tryptamines. Derivatives of tryptoline have a variety of pharmacological properties and are known collectively as tryptolines.
Pharmacology
Many tryptolines are competitive selective inhibitors of the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A). 5-Hydroxytryptoline and 5-methoxytryptoline (pinoline) are the most active monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) with IC50s of 0.5 μM and 1.5 μM respectively, using 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) as substrate.
Tryptolines are also potent reuptake inhibitors of serotonin and epinephrine, with a significantly greater selectivity for serotonin. Comparison of the inhibition kinetics of tetrahydro-β-carbolines for serotonin and epinephrine reuptake to that of the platelet aggregation response to these amines has shown that 5-hydroxymethtryptoline, methtryptoline, and tryptoline are poor inhibitors of reuptake. In all respects 5-hydroxytryptoline and 5-methoxytryptoline showed greater pharmacological activity than the tryptoline and methtryptoline.
Although the in vivo formation of tryptolines has been a matter of controversy, they have profound pharmacological activity.
See also
Norharmane
harmane
beta-Carboline
Harmala alkaloid
References
Tryptamine alkaloids
Beta-Carbolines
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy%20nut | Soy nuts are soybeans soaked in water, drained, and then baked or roasted. They can be used in place of nuts and are high in protein and dietary fiber. Soy nuts along with various soy products are common in vegan and plant-based diets all over the world as soy is a complete protein and is inexpensive to purchase.
References
Soy-based foods |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20spike-in | An RNA spike-in is an RNA transcript of known sequence and quantity used to calibrate measurements in RNA hybridization assays, such as DNA microarray experiments, RT-qPCR, and RNA-Seq.
A spike-in is designed to bind to a DNA molecule with a matching sequence, known as a control probe. This process of specific binding is called hybridization. A known quantity of RNA spike-in is mixed with the experiment sample during preparation. The degree of hybridization between the spike-ins and the control probes is used to normalize the hybridization measurements of the sample RNA.
History
Nucleic acid hybridization assays have been used for decades to detect specific sequences of DNA or RNA, with a DNA microarray precursor used as early as 1965. In such assays, positive control oligonucleotides are necessary to provide a standard for comparison of target sequence concentration, and to check and correct for nonspecific binding; that is, incidental binding of the RNA to non-complementary DNA sequences. These controls became known as "spike-ins". With the advent of DNA microarray chips in the 1990s and the commercialization of high-throughput methods for sequencing and RNA detection assays, manufacturers of hybridization assay "kits" started to provide pre-developed spike-ins. In the case of gene expression assay microarrays or RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA spike-ins are used.
Manufacturing
RNA spike-ins can be synthesized by any means of creating RNA synthetically, or by using cell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MASH-1 | For a cryptographic hash function (a mathematical algorithm), a MASH-1 (Modular Arithmetic Secure Hash) is a hash function based on modular arithmetic.
History
Despite many proposals, few hash functions based on modular arithmetic have withstood attack, and most that have tend to be relatively inefficient. MASH-1 evolved from a long line of related proposals successively broken and repaired.
Standard
Committee Draft ISO/IEC 10118-4 (Nov 95)
Description
MASH-1 involves use of an RSA-like modulus , whose bitlength affects the security. is a product of two prime numbers and should be difficult to factor, and for of unknown factorization, the security is based in part on the difficulty of extracting modular roots.
Let be the length of a message block in bit. is chosen to have a binary representation a few bits longer than , typically .
The message is padded by appending the message length and is separated into blocks of length . From each of these blocks , an enlarged block of length is created by placing four bits from in the lower half of each byte and four bits of value 1 in the higher half. These blocks are processed iteratively by a compression function:
Where and . denotes the bitwise OR and the bitwise XOR.
From are now calculated more data blocks by linear operations (where denotes concatenation):
These data blocks are now enlarged to like above, and with these the compression process continues with eight more steps:
Finally the hash value is , |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor%20complex%20subunit%20DGCR8 | The microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene. In other animals, particularly the common model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, the protein is known as Pasha (partner of Drosha). It is a required component of the RNA interference pathway.
Function
The subunit DGCR8 is localized to the cell nucleus and is required for microRNA (miRNA) processing. It binds to the other subunit Drosha, an RNase III enzyme, to form the microprocessor complex that cleaves a primary transcript known as pri-miRNA to a characteristic stem-loop structure known as a pre-miRNA, which is then further processed to miRNA fragments by the enzyme Dicer. DGCR8 contains an RNA-binding domain and is thought to bind pri-miRNA to stabilize it for processing by Drosha.
DGCR8 is also required for some types of DNA repair. Removal of UV-induced DNA photoproducts, during transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), depends on JNK phosphorylation of DGCR8 on serine 153. While DGCR8 is known to function in microRNA biogenesis, this activity is not required for DGCR8-dependent removal of UV-induced photoproducts. Nucleotide excision repair is also needed for repair of oxidative DNA damage due to hydrogen peroxide (), and DGCR8 depleted cells are sensitive to .
References
Further reading
MicroRNA
RNA interference
DNA repair |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar- | The root ar- is used in organic chemistry to form classification names for classes of organic compounds which contain a carbon skeleton and one or multiple aromatic rings. It was extracted from the word aromatic. See e.g. aryl.
Chemical nomenclature |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereira%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201960%29 | Luiz Carlos Pereira (born 6 March 1960 in São Paulo), nicknamed "The Spanish Goose", is a retired Brazilian football player.
Club statistics
Honours
Individual Honors
J. League Most Valuable Player: 1994
J. League Best Eleven: 1993, 1994
Japanese Footballer of the Year: 1994
Team Honors
J1 League: 1993, 1994
References
External links
CBF BID
1960 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
Japan Football League (1992–1998) players
Guarani FC players
Tokyo Verdy players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
Footballers from São Paulo
Men's association football defenders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgregation | In the history of thermodynamics, disgregation is an early formulation of the concept of entropy. It was defined in 1862 by Rudolf Clausius as the magnitude of the degree in which the molecules of a body are separated from each other. Disgregation was the stepping stone for Clausius to create the mathematical expression for the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Clausius modeled the concept on certain passages in French physicist Sadi Carnot's 1824 paper On the Motive Power of Fire which characterized the transformations of working substances (particles of a thermodynamic system) of an engine cycle, namely "mode of aggregation". The concept was later extended by Clausius in 1865 in the formulation of entropy, and in Ludwig Boltzmann's 1870s developments including the diversities of the motions of the microscopic constituents of matter, described in terms of order and disorder. In 1949, Edward Armand Guggenheim developed the concept of energy dispersal. The terms disgregation and dispersal are near in meaning.
Historical context
In 1824, French physicist Sadi Carnot assumed that heat, like a substance, cannot be diminished in quantity and that it cannot increase. Specifically, he states that in a complete engine cycle ‘that when a body has experienced any changes, and when after a certain number of transformations it returns to precisely its original state, that is, to that state considered in respect to density, to temperature, to mode of aggregation, let us suppose, I say that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk%20mathematics | Folk mathematics may refer to:
The mathematical folklore that circulates among mathematicians
The informal mathematics used in everyday life
See also
Folk theorem (disambiguation)
Numerals in Koro Language -language of Indigenous People by N. C. Ghosh. Science and culture, 82(5-6) 189-193, 2016
Folk Mathematics : Concepts & Definition - An Out Line by N.C.Ghosh, Rabindra Bharati Patrika Vol. XII, No. 2, 2009
Folklore Study. LOKDARPAN - Journal of the Dept. of Folklore by N.C.Ghosh, Kalyani University. Vol. 3, No. 2, 2007 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Morley%20%28football%20club%20president%29 | Peter Lawrence Morley (1929 – 14 September 2013) was the President of Crystal Palace Football Club, an English football team.
Morley was born in 1929.
During the 1980s and 1990s he served on the board of the British Racing and Sports Car Club. Morley also was a Trustee of the Motorsport Safety Fund and chairman of the National Retail Training Council. He was appointed CBE in the 1994 New Year Honours for services to training and the retail industry.
After Chairman Mark Goldberg fell into financial ruin in 1999, and the club into administration, Morley was appointed temporary chairman. He stayed in this role until the summer of 2000, when Simon Jordan took control of the club.
On 15 September 2013 Crystal Palace announced that Morley had died. He left behind his wife Paula and daughters Fran and Alex.
References
1929 births
2013 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Crystal Palace F.C. directors and chairmen
English football chairmen and investors
20th-century English businesspeople
People educated at Oundle School |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Idol%20of%20Bonanza%20Camp | The Idol of Bonanza Camp is a 1913 American silent short comedy film starring Harry Van Meter, Alexander Gaden and Edna Maison.
External links
1913 films
1913 comedy films
1913 short films
Silent American comedy films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
American comedy short films
1910s American films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Maison | Edna Maison (born Carmen Edna Maisonave; August 17, 1892 – January 11, 1946) was an American silent film actress.
Maison was born Carmen Edna Maisonave in San Francisco. Her father was a Frenchman and her mother was American. She was educated in Los Angeles at the Immaculate Heart Academy and her first job involved working with the Cooper Stock Company at the Burbank Theater in Los Angeles at the age of 6. Edna Maison's career started in Opera, singing at the Tivoli opera-house in San Francisco at age 15. Following, she went to Fisher's Theater, the California Opera Company, and lastly with the Edgar Temple Opera Company before moving into film work. Maison was described as an earth mother type who loved animals.
Maison starred in a total of 85 films between 1912 and 1926 in films such as The Idol of Bonanza Camp (1913) and Undine (1916) and appearing with actors such as Harry von Meter.
Partial filmography
The Idol of Bonanza Camp (1913)
The Proof of the Man (1913)
The Spy (1914)
The Merchant of Venice (1914)
Richelieu (1914)
Under the Crescent (1915)
Undine (1916)
The Dumb Girl of Portici (1916)
A Rich Man's Darling (1918)
The Mysterious Mr. Browning (1918)
References
External links
1892 births
1946 deaths
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
Actresses from San Francisco
20th-century American actresses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Proof%20of%20the%20Man | The Proof of the Man is a 1913 American silent short drama film starring Alexander Gaden, Harry von Meter and Edna Maison.
Cast
Alexander Gaden as Dick the Chosen Suitor
Edna Maison as Alma Field, Dick's Wife
Harry von Meter as Norman, a Lost Prospector
George A. Holt as Bill, the Rejected Suitor
References
External links
1913 films
1913 drama films
Silent American drama films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
1913 short films
1910s American films
1910s English-language films
American drama short films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20metabolism | Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of proteins by catabolism.
The steps of protein synthesis include transcription, translation, and post translational modifications. During transcription, RNA polymerase transcribes a coding region of the DNA in a cell producing a sequence of RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA sequence contains codons: 3 nucleotide long segments that code for a specific amino acid. Ribosomes translate the codons to their respective amino acids. In humans, non-essential amino acids are synthesized from intermediates in major metabolic pathways such as the Citric Acid Cycle. Essential amino acids must be consumed and are made in other organisms. The amino acids are joined by peptide bonds making a polypeptide chain. This polypeptide chain then goes through post translational modifications and is sometimes joined with other polypeptide chains to form a fully functional protein.
Dietary proteins are first broken down to individual amino acids by various enzymes and hydrochloric acid present in the gastrointestinal tract. These amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream to be transported to the liver and onward to the rest of the body. Absorbed amino acids are typically used to create functional proteins, but may also be used to create energy. They can also be converted into glucose. This glucose can then be converted to triglyceri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspidosperma%20polyneuron | Aspidosperma polyneuron is a timber tree native to Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Argentina, and Paraguay. It is common in Atlantic Forest vegetation. In addition, it is useful for beekeeping.
References
External links
Aspidosperma polyneuron
Aspidosperma polyneuron
Aspidosperma polyneuron
polyneuron
Endangered plants
Plants described in 1860
Trees of Argentina
Trees of Brazil
Trees of Colombia
Trees of Peru
Trees of Paraguay
Trees of Venezuela
Trees of Bolivia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable%20singularity | In the theory of ordinary differential equations, a movable singularity is a point where the solution of the equation behaves badly and which is "movable" in the sense that its location depends on the initial conditions of the differential equation.
Suppose we have an ordinary differential equation in the complex domain. Any given solution y(x) of this equation may well have singularities at various points (i.e. points at which it is not a regular holomorphic function, such as branch points, essential singularities or poles). A singular point is said to be movable if its location depends on the particular solution we have chosen, rather than being fixed by the equation itself.
For example the equation
has solution for any constant c. This solution has a branchpoint at , and so the equation has a movable branchpoint (since it depends on the choice of the solution, i.e. the choice of the constant c).
It is a basic feature of linear ordinary differential equations that singularities of solutions occur only at singularities of the equation, and so linear equations do not have movable singularities.
When attempting to look for 'good' nonlinear differential equations it is this property of linear equations that one would like to see: asking for no movable singularities is often too stringent, instead one often asks for the so-called Painlevé property: 'any movable singularity should be a pole', first used by Sofia Kovalevskaya.
See also
Painlevé transcendents
Regular singul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosmid | Fosmids are similar to cosmids but are based on the bacterial F-plasmid. The cloning vector is limited, as a host (usually E. coli) can only contain one fosmid molecule. Fosmids can hold DNA inserts of up to 40 kb in size; often the source of the insert is random genomic DNA. A fosmid library is prepared by extracting the genomic DNA from the target organism and cloning it into the fosmid vector. The ligation mix is then packaged into phage particles and the DNA is transfected into the bacterial host. Bacterial clones propagate the fosmid library.
The low copy number offers higher stability than vectors with relatively higher copy numbers, including cosmids. Fosmids may be useful for constructing stable libraries from complex genomes. Fosmids have high structural stability and have been found to maintain human DNA effectively even after 100 generations of bacterial growth. Fosmid clones were used to help assess the accuracy of the Public Human Genome Sequence.
Discovery
The fertility plasmid or F-plasmid was discovered by Esther Lederberg and encodes information for the biosynthesis of sex pilus to aid in bacterial conjugation. Conjugation involves using the sex pilus to form a bridge between two bacteria cells; this bridge allows the F+ cell to transfer a single-stranded copy of the plasmid so that both cells contain a copy of the plasmid. On the way into the recipient cell, the corresponding DNA strand is synthesized by the recipient. The donor cell maintains a functional |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Purcell | Fort Purcell (more often known by the moniker The Dungeon) is a ruined fort near Pockwood Pond on the island of Tortola in the British Virgin Islands.
History
The Fort was built by the Dutch at an unascertained date in either the late 16th or very early 17th century, and was known by the Spanish authorities in Puerto Rico as the "donjon" (from which the English name, "the Dungeon" comes – the fort has never actually been used as a dungeon). The fort was originally only earthen, and was occupied intermittently, but it was restored by the Dutch privateer Joost van Dyk in 1625 or 1626.
Documents from archives in Seville, Spain, report about two attacks that the Spanish made on Tortola in 1646 and 1647. The reports indicate that the Spanish anchored a warship in Soper's Hole at West End and landed men ashore. They then sent another warship to blockade Road Harbour. After a team of scouts returned a safe report, the Spanish landed more men and attacked Fort Purcell by foot from the land. The Dutch were massacred and the Spanish soldiers then moved overland to Road Town.
The Fort fell into disrepair, but was restored in the early 1650s during the First Anglo–Dutch War. Reports of the next vary according to historical sources. Dutch historians aver that at the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the then (Dutch) owner of Tortola, Willem Hunthum, put Tortola under the protection of Sir William Stapleton, the English Governor-General of the Leeward Islands. Colonel Will |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspidosperma%20pyricollum | Aspidosperma polyneuron is a timber tree native to Brazil. It is common in Atlantic Forest vegetation. In addition, it is useful for beekeeping.
References
External links
Aspidosperma pyricollum
pyricollum
Trees of Brazil
Endangered plants
Plants described in 1860
Taxa named by Johannes Müller Argoviensis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosorba%20column | The Prosorba Column is a plasma filtering device used to treat severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis. Its active element is Protein A bonded to a diatomaceous earth/clay bead . The effect of the Protein A is to remove circulating immune complexes responsible for the autoimmune joint deterioration process.
The device was originally manufactured by Imre Corp and approved by the FDA in 1987. The Prosorba Column went out of production at the end of 2006.
References
External links
http://arthritis.about.com/od/prosorba/a/prosorbafda.htm
Medical equipment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20cities%20by%20crime%20rate%20%28100%2C000%E2%80%93250%2C000%29 | The following table is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics.
The population numbers are based on U.S. Census estimates for the year end. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. This list is based on the reporting agency. In most cases the city and the reporting agency are identical. However, in some cases such as Charlotte, Honolulu and Las Vegas, the reporting agency as more than one city.
Murder is the only statistic that all agencies are required to report. Consequently, some agencies do not report all the crimes. If components are missing the total is adjusted to "0."
Note about population
Data are voluntarily submitted by each jurisdiction and some jurisdictions do not appear in the table because they either did not submit data or they did not meet deadlines.
According to the FBI website has this disclaimer on population estimates:
For the 2008 population estimates used in this table, the FBI computed individual rates of growth from one year to the next for every city/town and county using 2000 decennial population counts and 2001 through 2007 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each agency’s rates of growth were averaged; that average was then applied and added to its 2007 Census population estimate to derive the agency’s 2008 population estimate.
2012 Calendar Year Ratios of Crime Per 100,000 Population
Rates are based on cases per 100,000 for all of calendar 2011.
Criticism of ranking cri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finding%20Darwin%27s%20God | Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution is a 2000 book by the American cell biologist and Roman Catholic Kenneth R. Miller wherein he argues that evolution does not contradict religious faith. Miller argues that evolution occurred, that Earth is not young, that science must work based on methodological naturalism, and that evolution cannot be construed as an effective argument for atheism.
References
Reviews
Review of Finding Darwin's God by Henry E. Neufeld (theistic evolutionist)
Review of Kenneth Miller's "Finding Darwin's God" by Michael Ruse for Metanexus Institute (agnostic)
Yin and Yang of Kenneth Miller: How Professor Miller finds Darwin's God by Amiel Rossow (skeptic)
Finding Miller's King by Jed Macosko (ID creationist)
Finding An Evolutionist's God by Henry M. Morris (young earth creationist)
Review of Kenneth Miller's Finding Darwin's God by Edward B. Davis (Christian historian of science), based on a version published by Reports of the National Center for Science Education 22.1-2 (Jan-Apr 2002): 47–8.
External links
Official website
1999 non-fiction books
1999 in science
1999 in Christianity
Science books
Books by Kenneth R. Miller |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20cities%20by%20crime%20rate%20%2860%2C000%E2%80%93100%2C000%29 | The following table is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics.
The population numbers are based on U.S. Census estimates for the year end. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. This list is based on the reporting agency. In most cases the city and the reporting agency are identical. However, in some cases such as Charlotte, Honolulu and Las Vegas, the reporting agency as more than one city.
Murder is the only statistic that all agencies are required to report. Consequently, some agencies do not report all the crimes. If components are missing the total is adjusted to "0."
Note about population
Data are voluntarily submitted by each jurisdiction and some jurisdictions do not appear in the table because they either did not submit data or they did not meet deadlines.
According to the FBI website has this disclaimer on population estimates:
For the 2008 population estimates used in this table, the FBI computed individual rates of growth from one year to the next for every city/town and county using 2000 decennial population counts and 2001 through 2007 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each agency’s rates of growth were averaged; that average was then applied and added to its 2007 Census population estimate to derive the agency’s 2008 population estimate.
2014 Calendar Year Ratios of Crime Per 100,000 Population
Criticism of ranking crime data
The FBI web site recommends against using its data fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS5 | SS5 may refer to:
SS-5 Skean, a Soviet theatre ballistic missile
Signaling System No. 5, a multi-frequency telephone signalling system
SPARCstation 5, a workstation produced by Sun Microsystems
, a submarine of the United States Navy
Form SS-5 of the Social Security Administration of the federal government of the United States, "Application for a Social Security Number Card" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%20models%20of%20gravity | Analog models of gravity are attempts to model various phenomena of general relativity (e.g., black holes or cosmological geometries) using other physical systems such as acoustics in a moving fluid, superfluid helium, or Bose–Einstein condensate; gravity waves in water; and propagation of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium. These analogs (or analogies) serve to provide new ways of looking at problems, permit ideas from other realms of science to be applied, and may create opportunities for practical experiments within the analog that can be applied back to the source phenomena.
History
Analog models of gravity have been used in hundreds of published articles in the last decade. The use of these analogs can be traced back to the very start of scientific theories for gravity, with Newton and Einstein.
Bose-Einstein condensates
It has been shown that Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) are a good platform to study analog gravity. Kerr (rotating) black holes have been implemented in a BEC of exciton-polaritons (a quantum fluid of light).
See also
Acoustic metric
Transformation optics
Optical metric#Analogue gravity
Optical black hole
Sonic black hole
References
General relativity |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20cities%20by%20crime%20rate%20%2840%2C000%E2%80%9360%2C000%29 | The following table is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics.
The population numbers are based on U.S. Census estimates for the year end. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. This list is based on the reporting agency. In most cases the city and the reporting agency are identical. However, in some cases such as Charlotte, Honolulu and Las Vegas, the reporting agency as more than one city.
Murder is the only statistic that all agencies are required to report. Consequently, some agencies particularly in Illinois do not report all the crimes. If components are missing the total is adjusted to "0."
Note about population
Data is voluntarily submitted by each jurisdiction and some jurisdictions do not appear in the table because they either did not submit data or it did not meet deadlines.
According to the FBI website has this disclaimer on population estimates:
For the 2007 population estimates used in this table, the FBI computed individual rates of growth from one year to the next for every city/town and county using 2000 decennial population counts and 2001 through 2006 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each agency's rates of growth were averaged; that average was then applied and added to its 2006 Census population estimate to derive the agency's 2007 population estimate
2010 Calendar Year Ratios of Crime Per 100,000 Population
Criticism of ranking crime data
The FBI web site recommends agai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20protein%20structure%20prediction%20software | This list of protein structure prediction software summarizes notable used software tools in protein structure prediction, including homology modeling, protein threading, ab initio methods, secondary structure prediction, and transmembrane helix and signal peptide prediction.
Software list
Below is a list which separates programs according to the method used for structure prediction.
Homology modeling
Threading/fold recognition
Ab initio structure prediction
Secondary structure prediction
Detailed list of programs can be found at List of protein secondary structure prediction programs
See also
List of protein secondary structure prediction programs
Comparison of nucleic acid simulation software
List of software for molecular mechanics modeling
Molecular design software
Protein design
External links
bio.tools, finding more tools
References
Lists of software
Protein methods
Protein structure
Structural bioinformatics software
Proteomics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean%20quadruple | A Pythagorean quadruple is a tuple of integers , , , and , such that . They are solutions of a Diophantine equation and often only positive integer values are considered. However, to provide a more complete geometric interpretation, the integer values can be allowed to be negative and zero (thus allowing Pythagorean triples to be included) with the only condition being that . In this setting, a Pythagorean quadruple defines a cuboid with integer side lengths , , and , whose space diagonal has integer length ; with this interpretation, Pythagorean quadruples are thus also called Pythagorean boxes. In this article we will assume, unless otherwise stated, that the values of a Pythagorean quadruple are all positive integers.
Parametrization of primitive quadruples
A Pythagorean quadruple is called primitive if the greatest common divisor of its entries is 1. Every Pythagorean quadruple is an integer multiple of a primitive quadruple. The set of primitive Pythagorean quadruples for which is odd can be generated by the formulas
where , , , are non-negative integers with greatest common divisor 1 such that is odd. Thus, all primitive Pythagorean quadruples are characterized by the identity
Alternate parametrization
All Pythagorean quadruples (including non-primitives, and with repetition, though , , and do not appear in all possible orders) can be generated from two positive integers and as follows:
If and have different parity, let be any factor of such that . Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristeidis%20Stergiadis | Aristeidis Stergiadis () (1861, in Kandiye (Herakleion), Girit Eyalet, Ottoman Empire – 22 June 1949, in Nice, France) was the Greek high commissioner, or governor-general, of Smyrna during the Greek occupation of the city from 1919 to 1922.
Stergiadis was appointed the High Commissioner of Smyrna in February, and arrived in the city four days after the 15 May 1919 landing. He immediately went to work in setting up an administration, easing ethnic violence, and making plans for permanent annexation of Smyrna. He punished Greek soldiers responsible for the violence on 15–16 May with court-martial, and created a commission to decide on payment for victims (made up of representatives from Britain, France, Italy and other allies).
When the French ceded Cilicia to the Turks in 1921 under the terms of the Treaty of Ankara (1921), the French withdrew their protection from the local Armenian and Greek population. It is estimated that 6,500 Rûm left Cilicia as a result. Some of the refugees were transported to Cyprus, but the British would only accept refugees holding British nationality or those who had relatives on the island. The others were sent to Smyrna, only to find that Stergiadis would not permit the landing of refugees.
Stergiadis stood strictly opposed to discrimination against the Turkish population in Smyrna, and opposed church leaders and the local Greek population on a number of occasions. Historians disagree about whether this was a genuine stance against discrimina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleronomous | A mechanical system is scleronomous if the equations of constraints do not contain the time as an explicit variable and the equation of constraints can be described by generalized coordinates. Such constraints are called scleronomic constraints. The opposite of scleronomous is rheonomous.
Application
In 3-D space, a particle with mass , velocity has kinetic energy
Velocity is the derivative of position with respect to time . Use chain rule for several variables:
where are generalized coordinates.
Therefore,
Rearranging the terms carefully,
where , , are respectively homogeneous functions of degree 0, 1, and 2 in generalized velocities. If this system is scleronomous, then the position does not depend explicitly with time:
Therefore, only term does not vanish:
Kinetic energy is a homogeneous function of degree 2 in generalized velocities .
Example: pendulum
As shown at right, a simple pendulum is a system composed of a weight and a string. The string is attached at the top end to a pivot and at the bottom end to a weight. Being inextensible, the string’s length is a constant. Therefore, this system is scleronomous; it obeys scleronomic constraint
where is the position of the weight and is length of the string.
Take a more complicated example. Refer to the next figure at right, Assume the top end of the string is attached to a pivot point undergoing a simple harmonic motion
where is amplitude, is angular frequency, and is time.
Although the top |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheonomous | A mechanical system is rheonomous if its equations of constraints contain the time as an explicit variable. Such constraints are called rheonomic constraints. The opposite of rheonomous is scleronomous.
Example: simple 2D pendulum
As shown at right, a simple pendulum is a system composed of a weight and a string. The string is attached at the top end to a pivot and at the bottom end to a weight. Being inextensible, the string has a constant length. Therefore, this system is scleronomous; it obeys the scleronomic constraint
,
where is the position of the weight and the length of the string.
The situation changes if the pivot point is moving, e.g. undergoing a simple harmonic motion
,
where is the amplitude, the angular frequency, and time.
Although the top end of the string is not fixed, the length of this inextensible string is still a constant. The distance between the top end and the weight must stay the same. Therefore, this system is rheonomous; it obeys the rheonomic constraint
.
See also
Lagrangian mechanics
Holonomic constraints
References
Mechanics
Classical mechanics
Lagrangian mechanics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof%20coating | A roof coating is a monolithic, fully adhered, fluid applied roofing membrane. Many roof coatings are elastomeric, that is, they have elastic properties that allow them to stretch and return to their original shape without damage.
Typical roof coating dry film thickness vary from paint film thickness (plus or minus 0.075 mm (3 dry mils) to more than 1 mm (40 dry mils). This means a roof coating actually becomes the top layer of a composite roof membrane and underlying system. As such, the roof coating is the topmost layer of protection for the membrane, receiving the impact of sunlight (both infrared and ultraviolet (UV)), rain, hail and physical damage.
Roof Coatings should not be confused with deck coatings. Deck coatings are traffic bearing - designed for waterproofing areas where pedestrian (and in some cases vehicular) traffic is expected. Roof coatings will only waterproof the substrates but will not withstand any kind of on going use by people or vehicles (such as walkways, patios, sundecks, restaurants, etc.).
Benefits
Roof coatings are seamless and when installed correctly, can solve roof leaks on almost any type of roofing material.
There are exceptions: "professionals do not recommend using cool coatings over existing shingles. This technique can cause moisture problems and water damage because the coating can inhibit normal shingle drying after rain or dew accumulation, allowing water to condense and collect under the shingles."
Field-applied reflective roof |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving%20equilibrium%20theorem | Consider a dynamical system
(1)..........
(2)..........
with the state variables and . Assume that is fast and is slow. Assume that the system (1) gives, for any fixed , an asymptotically stable solution . Substituting this for in (2) yields
(3)..........
Here has been replaced by to indicate that the solution to (3) differs from the solution for obtainable from the system (1), (2).
The Moving Equilibrium Theorem suggested by Lotka states that the solutions obtainable from (3) approximate the solutions obtainable from (1), (2) provided the partial system (1) is asymptotically stable in for any given and heavily damped (fast).
The theorem has been proved for linear systems comprising real vectors and . It permits reducing high-dimensional dynamical problems to lower dimensions and underlies Alfred Marshall's temporary equilibrium method.
References
https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39121/
Economics theorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene%20%28bird%29 | Athene is a genus of owls, containing nine living species, depending on classification. These birds are small, with brown and white speckles, yellow eyes, and white eyebrows. This genus is found on all continents except for Australia, Antarctica, and Sub-Saharan Africa. An evolutionary radiation of 4 species (formerly thought to be in the genus Ninox) is also present in the Solomon Islands.
Taxonomy and list of species
The genus Athene was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1822. The type species was designated as the little owl (Athene noctua) by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1841. The genus name is from the little owl which was closely associated with the Greek goddess Athena, and often depicted with her. Her original role as a goddess of the night might explain the link to an owl.
The genus contains the following nine species.
The forest owlet was formerly placed in the monotypic genus Heteroglaux, and the Solomon Islands radiation was formerly placed in the genus Ninox with the other owls referred to as "boobooks" until taxonomic studies found them to group in Athene.
Extinct species and subspecies
A number of mainly island representatives of this genus are only known from fossil or subfossil remains:
Athene megalopeza (fossil; Rexroad Late Pliocene of west-central U.S.) - sometimes placed in Speotyto
Athene veta (fossil; Early Pleistocene of Rebielice, Poland)
Athene angelis (fossil; Middle - Late Pleistocene of Castiglione, Corsica)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20modulation | Hierarchical modulation, also called layered modulation, is one of the signal processing techniques for multiplexing and modulating multiple data streams into one single symbol stream, where base-layer symbols and enhancement-layer symbols are synchronously overlaid before transmission.
Hierarchical modulation is particularly used to mitigate the cliff effect in digital television broadcast, particularly mobile TV, by providing a (lower quality) fallback signal in case of weak signals, allowing graceful degradation instead of complete signal loss. It has been widely proven and included in various standards, such as DVB-T, MediaFLO, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband, a new 3.5th generation mobile network standard developed by 3GPP2), and is under study for DVB-H.
Hierarchical modulation is also taken as one of the practical implementations of superposition precoding, which can help achieve the maximum sum rate of broadcast channels. When hierarchical-modulated signals are transmitted, users with good reception and advanced receivers can demodulate multiple layers. For a user with a conventional receiver or poor reception, it may only demodulate the data stream embedded in the base layer. With hierarchical modulation, a network operator can target users of different types with different services or QoS.
However, traditional hierarchical modulation suffers from serious inter-layer interference (ILI) with impact on the achievable symbol rate.
Example
For example, the figure dep |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20music | Evolutionary music is the audio counterpart to evolutionary art, whereby algorithmic music is created using an evolutionary algorithm. The process begins with a population of individuals which by some means or other produce audio (e.g. a piece, melody, or loop), which is either initialized randomly or based on human-generated music. Then through the repeated application of computational steps analogous to biological selection, recombination and mutation the aim is for the produced audio to become more musical. Evolutionary sound synthesis is a related technique for generating sounds or synthesizer instruments. Evolutionary music is typically generated using an interactive evolutionary algorithm where the fitness function is the user or audience, as it is difficult to capture the aesthetic qualities of music computationally. However, research into automated measures of musical quality is also active. Evolutionary computation techniques have also been applied to harmonization and accompaniment tasks. The most commonly used evolutionary computation techniques are genetic algorithms and genetic programming.
History
NEUROGEN (Gibson & Byrne, 1991) employed a genetic algorithm to produce and combine musical fragments and a neural network (trained on examples of "real" music) to evaluate their fitness. A genetic algorithm is also a key part of the improvisation and accompaniment system GenJam which has been developed since 1993 by Al Biles. Biles and GenJam are together k |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vala%C5%A1kovce | Valaškovce is a municipality and former village and in Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia.
History
External links
http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Humenné District
Former villages in Slovakia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot%20filtration | C0t filtration, or CF, is a technique that uses the principles of DNA renaturation kinetics (i.e. Cot analysis) to separate the repetitive DNA sequences that dominate many eukaryotic genomes from "gene-rich" single/low-copy sequences. This allows DNA sequencing to concentrate on the parts of the genome that are most informative and interesting.
Concept
Briefly, when sheared genomic DNA in solution is heated to near boiling temperature, the molecular forces holding complementary base pairs together are disrupted, and the two strands of each double-helix dissociate or ‘denature.’ If the denatured DNA is then slowly returned to a cooler temperature, sequences will begin to ‘reassociate’ (renature) with complementary strands.
The temperature at which renaturation occurs can be regulated so that little or no sequence mismatch is tolerated. The rate at which a sequence finds a complementary strand with which to hybridize is directly related to how common that sequence is in the genome. In other words, those sequences that are extremely abundant (on average) find complementary strands with which to pair relatively quickly while single-copy sequences take much longer to find complements.
In CF, genomic DNA is heat-denatured and allowed to renature to a Cot value (Cot = DNA concentration x time x a factor based on the cation concentration of the buffer) at which the majority of repetitive elements have reassociated but single and low-copy elements remain single stranded. Do |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20solenoid | A transmission solenoid or cylinoid is an electro-hydraulic valve that controls fluid flow into and throughout an automatic transmission. Solenoids can be normally open or normally closed. They operate via a voltage or current supplied by the transmission computer or controller. Transmission solenoids are usually installed in a transmission valve body, transmission control unit, or transmission control module.
Types
Variable force solenoid
On-off solenoid
Pulse-width modulated solenoid
Low leak variable bleed solenoid
Manufacturers
American Axle
ZF
TREMEC
BorgWarner
Eaton
Bosch
Hilite Industries
Saturn Engineering and Electronics
TLX Technologies
References
Automotive transmission technologies
Valves |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Councell | George Edward Councell (October 4, 1949 – May 21, 2018) was the 11th bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey and the 990th in succession in the Episcopal Church.
Biography
George Edward Councell was born in Detroit and baptized in St. John's Episcopal Church in Royal Oak, Michigan in 1949. He was raised in Whittier, California where he attended public schools. He was elected bishop on May 3, 2003, and consecrated on October 18, 2003, at Trinity Cathedral in Trenton. Officially, Councell followed Joe Morris Doss as Bishop of New Jersey after Doss was forced to resign amidst controversy. David B. Joslin (retired Bishop of Central New York) served as assisting bishop while the diocese organized to elect its 11th bishop (i.e. Councell).
Before his election, Councell spent eight years serving as the rector of the Church of the Holy Spirit in Lake Forest, Illinois. From 1986 to 1995 Councell served as canon to the ordinary in the Episcopal Diocese of Western Massachusetts following eight years as vicar at St. George's Church in Riverside, California.
Councell also served on the Standing Committee of the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago (2002-2003), as a trustee to Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, President of the board of Episcopal Charities and Community Services in the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago (1996-2002), Deputy and Chair of deputation to General Convention in the Episcopal Diocese of Western Massachusetts (1991, 1994), Secretary of Convention, Episcopal Diocese o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee%20culture | Coffee culture is the set of traditions and social behaviors that surround the consumption of coffee, particularly as a social lubricant. The term also refers to the cultural diffusion and adoption of coffee as a widely consumed stimulant. In the late 20th century, espresso became an increasingly dominant drink contributing to coffee culture, particularly in the Western world and other urbanized centers around the globe.
The culture surrounding coffee and coffeehouses dates back to 16th-century Turkey. Coffeehouses in Western Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean were not only social hubs but also artistic and intellectual centres. In the late 17th and 18th centuries, coffeehouses in London became popular meeting places for artists, writers, and socialites, as well as centres for political and commercial activity. In the 19th century a special coffee house culture developed in Vienna, the Viennese coffee house, which then spread throughout Central Europe. Les Deux Magots in Paris, now a popular tourist attraction, was once associated with the intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir.
Elements of modern coffeehouses include slow-paced gourmet service, alternative brewing techniques, and inviting decor.
In the United States, coffee culture is often used to describe the ubiquitous presence of espresso stands and coffee shops in metropolitan areas, along with the spread of massive, international franchises such as Starbucks. Many coffee shops offer access to free w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot%20analysis | C0t analysis, a technique based on the principles of DNA reassociation kinetics, is a biochemical technique that measures how much repetitive DNA is in a DNA sample such as a genome. It is used to study genome structure and organization and has also been used to simplify the sequencing of genomes that contain large amounts of repetitive sequence.
Procedure
The procedure involves heating a sample of genomic DNA until it denatures into the single stranded-form, and then slowly cooling it, so the strands can pair back together. While the sample is cooling, measurements are taken of how much of the DNA is base paired at each temperature.
The amount of single and double-stranded DNA is measured by rapidly diluting the sample, which slows reassociation, and then binding the DNA to a hydroxylapatite column. The column is first washed with a low concentration of sodium phosphate buffer, which elutes the single-stranded DNA, and then with high concentrations of phosphate, which elutes the double stranded DNA. The amount of DNA in these two solutions is then measured using a spectrophotometer.
Analysis
Since a sequence of single-stranded DNA needs to find its complementary strand to reform a double helix, common sequences renature more rapidly than rare sequences. Indeed, the rate at which a sequence will reassociate is proportional to the number of copies of that sequence in the DNA sample. A sample with a highly-repetitive sequence will renature rapidly, while complex sequence |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiboly | Epiboly describes one of the five major types of cell movements that occur in the gastrulation stage of embryonic development of some organisms. Epiboly is the spreading and thinning of the ectoderm while the endoderm and mesoderm layers move to the inside of the embryo.
When undergoing epiboly, a monolayer of cells must undergo a physical change in shape in order to spread. Alternatively, multiple layers of cells can also undergo epiboly as the position of cells is changed or the cell layers undergo intercalation. While human embryos do not experience epiboly, this movement can be studied in sea urchins, tunicates, amphibians, and most commonly zebrafish.
Zebrafish
General movements
Epiboly in zebrafish is the first coordinated cell movement, and begins once the embryo has completed the blastula stage. At this point the zebrafish embryo contains three portions: an epithelial monolayer known as the enveloping layer (EVL), a yolk syncytial layer (YSL) which is a membrane-enclosed group of nuclei that lie on top of the yolk cell, and the deep cells (DEL) of the blastoderm which will eventually form the embryo's three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). The EVL, YSL, and DEL all undergo epiboly.
Radial intercalation occurs in the DEL. Interior cells of the blastoderm move towards the outer cells, thus "intercalating" with each other. The blastoderm begins to thin as it spreads toward the vegetal pole of the embryo until it has completely engulfed the yolk cell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFNB | WFNB is an FM radio station licensed to the city of Brazil, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 92.7 MHz, FM channel 224 . The studios were located at 1301 Ohio Street in Terre Haute, Indiana. but were moved to 925 Wabash Avenue Suite 300. The building at 13th and Ohio was completely torn down in July 2013.
History
Brazil, Indiana's first radio station went on the air in 1958 as WITE, with a 3-tower directional antenna. In 1972, the AM station reverted to a daytime-only station with one tower, and the call letters, WWCM. This coincided with the construction of FM station WWCM at 97.7 that same year.
The FM station originally operated with 3,000 watts at 97.7 MHz when it signed on in 1972 as WWCM-FM, playing country music. The format changed to album rock in 1979 as WBDJ. However, both WBDJ and its AM sister (1130 WWCM, now WAMB) went silent in 1983 after their owners declared bankruptcy.
The stations were sold in 1985 to Mark Lange of Vincennes, Indiana, and returned to the air with new call letters and formats. 97.7 FM adopted the WSDM calls and an adult contemporary format, which was soon dropped to simulcast with the country format of its AM sister (by then known as WBZL; it became WSDM in 1990 and WSDX in 2000). The FM's power was doubled to 6,000 watts in 1989. WBZL and WSDM were sold in 1990 to Dan Lacy and Mike Petersen (under the name Equity One Media Partners), and on Halloween of that year, WSDM-FM switched format to oldies, utilizing |
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