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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue%27s%20density%20theorem
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In mathematics, Lebesgue's density theorem states that for any Lebesgue measurable set , the "density" of A is 0 or 1 at almost every point in . Additionally, the "density" of A is 1 at almost every point in A. Intuitively, this means that the "edge" of A, the set of points in A whose "neighborhood" is partially in A and partially outside of A, is negligible.
Let μ be the Lebesgue measure on the Euclidean space Rn and A be a Lebesgue measurable subset of Rn. Define the approximate density of A in a ε-neighborhood of a point x in Rn as
where Bε denotes the closed ball of radius ε centered at x.
Lebesgue's density theorem asserts that for almost every point x of A the density
exists and is equal to 0 or 1.
In other words, for every measurable set A, the density of A is 0 or 1 almost everywhere in Rn. However, if μ(A) > 0 and , then there are always points of Rn where the density is neither 0 nor 1.
For example, given a square in the plane, the density at every point inside the square is 1, on the edges is 1/2, and at the corners is 1/4. The set of points in the plane at which the density is neither 0 nor 1 is non-empty (the square boundary), but it is negligible.
The Lebesgue density theorem is a particular case of the Lebesgue differentiation theorem.
Thus, this theorem is also true for every finite Borel measure on Rn instead of Lebesgue measure, see Discussion.
See also
References
Hallard T. Croft. Three lattice-point problems of Steinhaus. Quart. J. Math.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAX%20mode
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EAX mode (encrypt-then-authenticate-then-translate) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) algorithm designed to simultaneously provide both authentication and privacy of the message (authenticated encryption) with a two-pass scheme, one pass for achieving privacy and one for authenticity for each block.
EAX mode was submitted on October 3, 2003 to the attention of NIST in order to replace CCM as standard AEAD mode of operation, since CCM mode lacks some desirable attributes of EAX and is more complex.
Encryption and authentication
EAX is a flexible nonce-using two-pass AEAD scheme with no restrictions on block cipher primitive to be used, nor on block size, and supports arbitrary-length messages. Authentication tag length is arbitrarily sizeable up to the used cipher's block size.
The block cipher primitive is used in CTR mode for encryption and as OMAC for authentication over each block through the EAX composition method, that may be seen as a particular case of a more general algorithm called EAX2 and described in The EAX Mode of Operation
The reference implementation in the aforementioned paper uses AES in CTR mode for encryption combined with AES OMAC for authentication.
Performance
Being a two-pass scheme, EAX mode is slower than a well designed one-pass scheme based on the same primitives.
EAX mode has several desirable attributes, notably:
provable security (dependent on the secur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek%20Mlodzik
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Marek Mlodzik is the Chair of the Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and also holds professorships in Oncological Sciences and Ophthalmology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Prior to this (from 1991 to 2000) he was a Group Leader at EMBL Heidelberg. In 1997, Mlodzik was elected as a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization.
He is known for his contributions to the generation of planar cell polarity in the Drosophila melanogaster epithelium.
References
Living people
Cell biologists
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houndshark
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Houndsharks, the Triakidae, are a family of ground sharks, consisting of about 40 species in nine genera. In some classifications, the family is split into two subfamilies, with Mustelus, Scylliogaleus, and Triakis in the subfamily Triakinae, and the remaining genera in the subfamily Galeorhininae.
Houndsharks are distinguished by possessing two large, spineless dorsal fins, an anal fin, and oval eyes with nictitating eyelids. They are small to medium in size, ranging from in adult length. They are found throughout the world in warm and temperate waters, where they feed on fish and invertebrates on the seabed and in midwater.
Genera
Furgaleus Whitley, 1951 (whiskery shark)
Galeorhinus Blainville, 1816 (school shark)
Gogolia Compagno, 1973 (sailback houndshark)
Hemitriakis Herre, 1923
Hypogaleus J. L. B. Smith, 1957 (blacktip tope)
Iago Compagno & Springer, 1971
Mustelus H. F. Linck, 1790 (smooth-hound)
Scylliogaleus Boulenger, 1902
Triakis J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839
See also
List of sharks
References
Cladogram reference
Triakidae
Extant Paleocene first appearances
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20heap%20sort
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In computer science, adaptive heap sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm of the adaptive sort family. It is a variant of heap sort that performs better when the data contains existing order. Published by Christos Levcopoulos and Ola Petersson in 1992, the algorithm utilizes a new measure of presortedness, Osc, as the number of oscillations. Instead of putting all the data into the heap as the traditional heap sort did, adaptive heap sort only take part of the data into the heap so that the run time will reduce significantly when the presortedness of the data is high.
Heapsort
Heap sort is a sorting algorithm that utilizes binary heap data structure. The method treats an array as a complete binary tree and builds up a Max-Heap/Min-Heap to achieve sorting. It usually involves the following four steps.
Build a Max-Heap(Min-Heap): put all the data into the heap so that all nodes are either greater than or equal (less than or equal to for Min-Heap) to each of its child nodes.
Swap the first element of the heap with the last element of the heap.
Remove the last element from the heap and put it at the end of the list. Adjust the heap so that the first element ends up at the right place in the heap.
Repeat Step 2 and 3 until the heap has only one element. Put this last element at the end of the list and output the list. The data in the list will be sorted.
Below is a C/C++ implementation that builds up a Max-Heap and sorts the array after the heap is built.
/*
A C/C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20sort
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A sorting algorithm falls into the adaptive sort family if it takes advantage of existing order in its input. It benefits from the presortedness in the input sequence – or a limited amount of disorder for various definitions of measures of disorder – and sorts faster. Adaptive sorting is usually performed by modifying existing sorting algorithms.
Motivation
Comparison-based sorting algorithms have traditionally dealt with achieving an optimal bound of O(n log n) when dealing with time complexity. Adaptive sort takes advantage of the existing order of the input to try to achieve better times, so that the time taken by the algorithm to sort is a smoothly growing function of the size of the sequence and the disorder in the sequence. In other words, the more presorted the input is, the faster it should be sorted.
This is an attractive feature for a sorting algorithm because nearly sorted sequences are common in practice. Thus, the performance of existing sort algorithms can be improved by taking into account the existing order in the input.
Note that most worst-case sorting algorithms that do optimally well in the worst-case, notably heap sort and merge sort, do not take existing order within their input into account, although this deficiency is easily rectified in the case of merge sort by checking if the last element of the lefthand group is less than (or equal) to the first element of the righthand group, in which case a merge operation may be replaced by simple conca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball%20statistics
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Statistics in basketball are kept to evaluate a player's or a team's performance.
Examples
Examples of basketball statistics include:
GM, GP; GS: games played; games started
PTS: points
FGM, FGA, FG%: field goals made, attempted and percentage
FTM, FTA, FT%: free throws made, attempted and percentage
3FGM, 3FGA, 3FG%: three-point field goals made, attempted and percentage
REB, OREB, DREB: rebounds, offensive rebounds, defensive rebounds
AST: assists
STL: steals
BLK: blocks
TO: turnovers
TD: triple double
EFF: efficiency: NBA's efficiency rating: (PTS + REB + AST + STL + BLK − ((FGA − FGM) + (FTA − FTM) + TO))
PF: personal fouls
MIN: minutes
AST/TO: assist to turnover ratio
PER: Player Efficiency Rating: John Hollinger's Player Efficiency Rating
PIR: Performance Index Rating: Euroleague's and Eurocup's Performance Index Rating: (Points + Rebounds + Assists + Steals + Blocks + Fouls Drawn) − (Missed Field Goals + Missed Free Throws + Turnovers + Shots Rejected + Fouls Committed)
Averages per game are denoted by *PG (e.g. BLKPG or BPG, STPG or SPG, APG, RPG and MPG). Sometime the players statistics are divided by minutes played and multiplied by 48 minutes (had he played the entire game), denoted by * per 48 min. or *48M.
A player who makes double digits in a game in any two of the PTS, REB, AST, STL, and BLK statistics is said to make a double double; in three statistics, a triple double; in four statistics, a quadruple double. A quadruple double is extrem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20diagrams
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Thermodynamic diagrams are diagrams used to represent the thermodynamic states of a material (typically fluid) and the consequences of manipulating this material. For instance, a temperature–entropy diagram (T–s diagram) may be used to demonstrate the behavior of a fluid as it is changed by a compressor.
Overview
Especially in meteorology they are used to analyze the actual state of the atmosphere derived from the measurements of radiosondes, usually obtained with weather balloons. In such diagrams, temperature and humidity values (represented by the dew point) are displayed with respect to pressure. Thus the diagram gives at a first glance the actual atmospheric stratification and vertical water vapor distribution. Further analysis gives the actual base and top height of convective clouds or possible instabilities in the stratification.
By assuming the energy amount due to solar radiation it is possible to predict the 2 m (6.6 ft) temperature, humidity, and wind during the day, the development of the boundary layer of the atmosphere, the occurrence and development of clouds and the conditions for soaring flight during the day.
The main feature of thermodynamic diagrams is the equivalence between the area in the diagram and energy. When air changes pressure and temperature during a process and prescribes a closed curve within the diagram the area enclosed by this curve is proportional to the energy which has been gained or released by the air.
Types of thermodynamic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Chelsea%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics
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Chelsea Football Club are an English professional association football club based in Fulham, London. The club was established in 1905 and plays its home games at Stamford Bridge.
Domestically, Chelsea have won six top-flight titles, eight FA Cups and five League Cups. In international competitions, they have won two UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Europa Leagues, two UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, two UEFA Super Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup. They are the first English club to win three main UEFA club competitions and are the only London club to win the UEFA Champions League. The club's record appearance maker is Ron Harris, who made 795 appearances between 1961 and 1980. Frank Lampard is Chelsea's record goalscorer, scoring 211 goals in total.
Honours
The first major trophy won by Chelsea came in 1955, when the team became national champions after winning the 1954–55 First Division title. In the 2009–10 season, Chelsea won their first and only double after winning both the Premier League and the FA Cup. Upon winning the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, Chelsea became the fourth club in history to have won the "European Treble" of European Cup/UEFA Champions League, European Cup Winners' Cup/UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, and UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League. Their most recent success came in February 2022, when they won their first FIFA Club World Cup title.
Players
Appearances
Most appearances in all competitions: 795, Ron Harris (1961–1980)
Most league appearances: 655, Ron Harris (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfectly%20matched%20layer
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A perfectly matched layer (PML) is an artificial absorbing layer for wave equations, commonly used to truncate computational regions in numerical methods to simulate problems with open boundaries, especially in the FDTD and FE methods. The key property of a PML that distinguishes it from an ordinary absorbing material is that it is designed so that waves incident upon the PML from a non-PML medium do not reflect at the interface—this property allows the PML to strongly absorb outgoing waves from the interior of a computational region without reflecting them back into the interior.
PML was originally formulated by Berenger in 1994 for use with Maxwell's equations, and since that time there have been several related reformulations of PML for both Maxwell's equations and for other wave-type equations, such as elastodynamics, the linearized Euler equations, Helmholtz equations, and poroelasticity. Berenger's original formulation is called a split-field PML, because it splits the electromagnetic fields into two unphysical fields in the PML region. A later formulation that has become more popular because of its simplicity and efficiency is called uniaxial PML or UPML, in which the PML is described as an artificial anisotropic absorbing material. Although both Berenger's formulation and UPML were initially derived by manually constructing the conditions under which incident plane waves do not reflect from the PML interface from a homogeneous medium, both formulations were later
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replisome
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The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands. For each of the resulting single strands, a new complementary sequence of DNA is synthesized. The total result is formation of two new double stranded DNA sequences that are exact copies of the original double stranded DNA sequence.
In terms of structure, the replisome is composed of two replicative polymerase complexes, one of which synthesizes the leading strand, while the other synthesizes the lagging strand. The replisome is composed of a number of proteins including helicase, RFC, PCNA, gyrase/topoisomerase, SSB/RPA, primase, DNA polymerase III, RNAse H, and ligase.
Overview of prokaryotic DNA replication process
For prokaryotes, each dividing nucleoid (region containing genetic material which is not a nucleus) requires two replisomes for bidirectional replication. The two replisomes continue replication at both forks in the middle of the cell. Finally, as the termination site replicates, the two replisomes separate from the DNA. The replisome remains at a fixed, midcell location in the cell, attached to the membrane, and the template DNA threads through it. DNA is fed through the stationary pair of replisomes located at the cell membrane.
Overview of eukaryotic DNA replication process
For eukaryotes, numerous replication bubbles form at origins of replication throughout the chromosome. As with prokaryotes, t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar%20Biodiversity%20Center
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The Madagascar Biodiversity Center or Bibikely Biodiversity Center is Madagascar's first and only biodiversity research center, and is a joint project of the Bibikely Biodiversity Institute, and the California Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with the Malagasy government.
Introduction
The Bibikely Biodiversity Institute is an NGO founded and presently directed by Dr. Brian Fisher, preeminent field biologist, and the curator and chairman of the entomology department of the California Academy of Sciences.
The center began operations in rented facilities in 1996 and moved into its permanent facility in late 2004, which is leased at no cost from the Malagasy government until 2055.
Located within the Botanical and Zoological Garden of Tsimbazaza in Madagascar's capital city, Antananarivo, the new facility is adjacent to the Malagasy Academy of Sciences, the Academy Library, and the Academy Herbarium.
Goals
Conservation
The center was conceived in 2001 as a means to provide a safe and permanent home for the Bibikely Biodiversity Institute to continue its work of cataloging and understanding the rich biological endowment that is Madagascar's biodiversity.
Center's research will help to identify and protect more than three times the currently protected land in Madagascar.
Understanding
The center will enable the Bibikely Biodiversity Institute to expand its work in understanding the ecosystems of Madagascar, particularly as they relate to arthropods.
Education
The center
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-lipoxygenase-activating%20protein
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Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein also known as 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, or FLAP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5AP gene.
Function
FLAP is necessary for the activation of 5-lipoxygenase and therefore for the production of leukotrienes, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, and specialized pro-resolving mediators of the lipoxin and resolvin classes. It is an integral protein within the nuclear membrane. FLAP is necessary in synthesis of leukotriene, which are lipid mediators of inflammation that is involved in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. FLAP functions as a membrane anchor for 5-lipooxygenase and as an amine acid-bind protein. How FLAP activates 5-lipooxygenase is not completely understood, but there is a physical interaction between the two. FLAP structure consists of 4 transmembrane alpha helices, but they are found in trimer forming a barrel. The barrel is about 60 Å high and 36 Å wide.
Clinical significance
Leukotrienes, which require the FLAP protein to be synthesized, have an established pathological role in allergic and respiratory diseases. Animal and human genetic evidence suggests they may also have an important role in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The structure of FLAP provides a tool for the development of novel therapies for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and for the design of focused experiments to probe the cell biology of FLAP and its role in l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation%20specific%20oligonucleotide%20microarray
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Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray, also known as MSO microarray, was developed as a technique to map epigenetic methylation changes in DNA of cancer cells.
The general process starts with modification of DNA with bisulfite, specifically to convert unmethylated cytosine in CpG sites to uracil, while leaving methylated cytosines untouched. The modified DNA region of interest is amplified via PCR and during the process, uracils are converted to thymine. The amplicons are labelled with a fluorescent dye and hybridized to oligonucleotide probes that are fixed to a glass slide. The probes differentially bind to cytosine and thymine residues, which ultimately allows discrimination between methylated and unmethylated CpG sites, respectively.
A calibration curve is produced and compared with the microarray results of the amplified DNA samples. This allows a general quantification of the proportion of methylation present in the region of interest.
This microarray technique was developed by Tim Hui-Ming Huang and his laboratory and was officially published in 2002.
Implications for cancer research
Cancer cells often develop atypical methylation patterns, at CpG sites in promoters of tumour suppressor genes. High levels of methylation at a promoter leads to downregulation of the corresponding genes and is characteristic of carcinogenesis. It is one of the most consistent changes observed in early stage tumour cells. Methylation specific oligonucleotide microarray allo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Posner%20%28physician%29
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Barry Innis Posner, (born November 7, 1937) is a Canadian physician, research scientist and Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Medicine and Anatomy & Cell Biology at McGill University, where he also managed the Polypeptide and Protein Hormone Laboratory.
Biography
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, he received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Manitoba in 1961. A gold medalist in his graduating class, Posner pursued post-graduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland before joining the Royal Victoria Hospital and the McGill University Faculty of Medicine in 1970 as an assistant professor. He was appointed to the ranks of Associate Professor in 1975 and Professor in 1979. He was the Director of the Polypeptide Hormone Laboratory at McGill University and a Professor in the Department of Medicine and the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, as well as senior physician at the Royal Victoria Hospital. He has served as Director of the McGill Endocrine training program and physician-in-chief at the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital from 1996 to 2002.
Research
His fundamental research on insulin signaling led to the discovery of the endosomal system and the view that this is a central site for both initiating and regulating signal transduction. In the late 1980s, he discovered the peroxovanadium compounds as potent insulin mimetics; and in elucidating their mechanism of actio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutta%20condition
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The Kutta condition is a principle in steady-flow fluid dynamics, especially aerodynamics, that is applicable to solid bodies with sharp corners, such as the trailing edges of airfoils. It is named for German mathematician and aerodynamicist Martin Kutta.
Kuethe and Schetzer state the Kutta condition as follows:A body with a sharp trailing edge which is moving through a fluid will create about itself a circulation of sufficient strength to hold the rear stagnation point at the trailing edge.
In fluid flow around a body with a sharp corner, the Kutta condition refers to the flow pattern in which fluid approaches the corner from above and below, meets at the corner, and then flows away from the body. None of the fluid flows around the sharp corner.
The Kutta condition is significant when using the Kutta–Joukowski theorem to calculate the lift created by an airfoil with a sharp trailing edge. The value of circulation of the flow around the airfoil must be that value which would cause the Kutta condition to exist.
The Kutta condition applied to airfoils
Applying 2-D potential flow, if an airfoil with a sharp trailing edge begins to move with an angle of attack through air, the two stagnation points are initially located on the underside near the leading edge and on the topside near the trailing edge, just as with the cylinder. As the air passing the underside of the airfoil reaches the trailing edge it must flow around the trailing edge and along the topside of the airfoil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20matched%20asymptotic%20expansions
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In mathematics, the method of matched asymptotic expansions is a common approach to finding an accurate approximation to the solution to an equation, or system of equations. It is particularly used when solving singularly perturbed differential equations. It involves finding several different approximate solutions, each of which is valid (i.e. accurate) for part of the range of the independent variable, and then combining these different solutions together to give a single approximate solution that is valid for the whole range of values of the independent variable. In the Russian literature, these methods were known under the name of "intermediate asymptotics" and were introduced in the work of Yakov Zeldovich and Grigory Barenblatt.
Method overview
In a large class of singularly perturbed problems, the domain may be divided into two or more subdomains. In one of these, often the largest, the solution is accurately approximated by an asymptotic series found by treating the problem as a regular perturbation (i.e. by setting a relatively small parameter to zero). The other subdomains consist of one or more small areas in which that approximation is inaccurate, generally because the perturbation terms in the problem are not negligible there. These areas are referred to as transition layers, and as boundary or interior layers depending on whether they occur at the domain boundary (as is the usual case in applications) or inside the domain.
An approximation in the form of an asy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Carolina%20Highway%2024
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North Carolina Highway 24 (NC 24) is the longest primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling east–west between the Charlotte metropolitan area and the Crystal Coast, connecting the cities of Charlotte, Fayetteville, Jacksonville and Morehead City.
Route description
Prior to the western terminus of NC 24 at Interstate 485 (I-485), the road begins as an unmarked street named W.T. Harris Boulevard at Mount Holly-Huntersville Road. The road was named for William Thomas Harris, better known as one of the founders of Harris Teeter. Along the way NC 24 provides access to I-77, U.S. Route 21 (US 21), NC 115, I-85, US 29, and NC 49. At NC 27 (Albemarle Road) NC 24 makes a sharp left turn and joins that route in a concurrency, while W.T. Harris Boulevard continues further south unmarked towards US 74.
NC 24 is both one of the longest and most concurrent routes in the state. Besides the approximately concurrency with NC 27 between Johnsonville and Charlotte, this route also shares long stretches of pavement with:
US 258 between Richlands and Jacksonville (16.5 miles)
NC 50 between Kenansville and Warsaw (7.5 miles)
NC 87 between Fayetteville and Spout Springs (18 miles)
Shorter concurrencies with I-40, NC 903, US 421, US 701, US 17, NC 210 (twice), NC 22, NC 109, and NC 73. It also runs briefly concurrent with US 15/US 501 in Carthage.
All told, about half of the total length of NC 24 runs concurrent with other routes.
As a route, it is designated as a "Hi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos%20Bairoch
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Amos Bairoch (born 22 November 1957) is a Swiss bioinformatician and Professor of Bioinformatics at the Department of Human Protein Sciences of the University of Geneva where he leads the CALIPHO group at the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) combining bioinformatics, curation, and experimental efforts to functionally characterize human proteins.
His father was the economic historian Paul Bairoch.
Education
His first project as a Ph.D. student was the development of PC/Gene, an MS-DOS–based software package for the analysis of protein and nucleotide sequences. PC/Gene was commercialized, first by a Swiss company (Genofit) then by Intelligenetics in the US which was later bought by Oxford Molecular.
Research
His main work is in the field of protein sequence analysis and more particularly in the development of databases and software tools for this purpose. His most important contribution is the input of human knowledge by careful manual annotation in protein-related data.
While working on PC/Gene he started to develop an annotated protein sequence database which became Swiss-Prot and was first released in July 1986. From 1988 onward it has been a collaborative project with the Data Library group of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory which later evolved into the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).
The Swiss-Prot database is the primary protein sequence resource in the world and has been a key research instrument for both bioinformaticians and laboratory-ba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentorite
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Bentorite is a mineral with the chemical formula . It is colored violet to light violet. Its crystals are hexagonal to dihexagonal dipyramidal. It is transparent and has vitreous luster. It has perfect cleavage. It is not radioactive. Bentorite is rated 2 on the Mohs Scale.
The mineral was first described in 1980 by Shulamit Gross for an occurrence in the Hatrurim Formation of Danian age along the western margin of the Dead Sea, Israel. It was named by its discoverer, Shulamit Gross, for Yaakov Ben-Tor (1910–2002), Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the University of California, San Diego, California, US, for his contributions to geology and mineralogy in Israel.
Formation
The only naturally occurring bentorite that has been discovered is in the Hatrurim Formation near the Dead Sea in Israel. The formation consists of a mixture of metamorphosed clays, limestones, and marls. The original sediments were enriched in chromium, and later experienced heating to >1000 °C at atmospheric pressure. This formed a natural Portland cement which has since been hydrated from groundwater and/or rainwater to form a natural concrete. The source of the heat is thought to be due to combustion of coal, oil, or gas. Following this combustion metamorphosis, highly alkaline fluids penetrated and altered the rock to form supergene veins of bentorite.
Applications
When suitably prepared, concrete contains crystals of ettringite that can exchange aluminium for chromium, converting
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance-enhanced%20multiphoton%20ionization
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Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a technique applied to the spectroscopy of atoms and small molecules. In practice, a tunable laser can be used to access an excited intermediate state. The selection rules associated with a two-photon or other multiphoton photoabsorption are different from the selection rules for a single photon transition. The REMPI technique typically involves a resonant single or multiple photon absorption to an electronically excited intermediate state followed by another photon which ionizes the atom or molecule. The light intensity to achieve a typical multiphoton transition is generally significantly larger than the light intensity to achieve a single photon photoabsorption. Because of this, subsequent photoabsorption is often very likely. An ion and a free electron will result if the photons have imparted enough energy to exceed the ionization threshold energy of the system. In many cases, REMPI provides spectroscopic information that can be unavailable to single photon spectroscopic methods, for example rotational structure in molecules is easily seen with this technique.
REMPI is usually generated by a focused frequency tunable laser beam to form a small-volume plasma. In REMPI, first m photons are simultaneously absorbed by an atom or molecule in the sample to bring it to an excited state. Other n photons are absorbed afterwards to generate an electron and ion pair. The so-called m+n REMPI is a nonlinear optical process, whic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianite
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Fabianite is a borate mineral with the chemical formula CaB3O5(OH). It is colorless and leaves a white streak. Its crystals are monoclinic prismatic. It is transparent and fluorescent. It has vitreous luster. It is not radioactive. Fabianite is rated 6 on the Mohs Scale. It was named for Hans-Joachim Fabian, a German geologist.
See also
List of minerals
References
Webmineral Entry
Mineral Handbook
Calcium minerals
Phylloborates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Japan
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"Crystal Japan" is an instrumental piece written by David Bowie and released as a single in Japan in spring 1980. It was recorded during the Scary Monsters sessions that year. The instrumental was used in a Japanese commercial for the shochu Crystal Jun Rock, which also featured an appearance by Bowie, although he said at the time that the track was not specifically written for this purpose. Originally titled "Fuji Moto San", it was apparently intended to close the Scary Monsters album until replaced by "It's No Game (No. 2)".
Track listing
"Crystal Japan" (David Bowie) – 3:08
"Alabama Song" (Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill) – 3:51
Other releases
The instrumental was released as the B-side to the single "Up the Hill Backwards" in March 1981. "Teenage Wildlife" was originally slated as the B-side for "Up the Hill Backwards" until Bowie found out the prices fans were paying for the import single of "Crystal Japan", and insisted the track receive a UK release.
In 1992, the piece was released as a bonus track on the Rykodisc reissue of the album Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps).
"Crystal Japan" also appeared on the compilations Rare (1982) and All Saints (2001), and on Re:Call 3, part of the A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982) boxed set (2017).
Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails took the melody of "Crystal Japan" and used it as the basis for the track "A Warm Place", released on their 1994 album The Downward Spiral. Bowie's official website later said the two songs were so s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracyanoquinodimethane
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Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an orange crystalline solid. This cyanocarbon, a relative of para-quinone, is an electron acceptor that is used to prepare charge transfer salts, which are of interest in molecular electronics.
Preparation and structure
TCNQ is prepared by the condensation of 1,4-cyclohexanedione with malononitrile, followed by dehydrogenation of the resulting diene with bromine:
The molecule is planar, with D2h symmetry.
Reactions
Like tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), TCNQ is easily reduced to give a blue-coloured radical anion. The reduction potential is about −0.3 V relative to the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. This property is exploited in the development of charge-transfer salts. TCNQ also forms complexes with electron-rich metal complexes.
Charge transfer salts
TCNQ achieved great attention because it forms charge-transfer salts with high electrical conductivity. These discoveries were influential in the development of organic electronics. Illustrative is the product from treatment of TCNQ with the electron donor tetrathiafulvene (TTF), TCNQ forms an ion pair, the TTF-TCNQ complex, in which TCNQ is the acceptor. This salt crystallizes in a one-dimensionally stacked polymer, consisting of segregated stacks of cations and anions of the donors and the acceptors, respectively. The complex crystal is an organic semiconductor that exhibits metallic electric conductivity.
Related compounds
Tetracyanoethylen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors
|
Fors can mean:
Fors, Deux-Sèvres, a French commune in the department of Deux-Sèvres
Fors (Swedish village), a village in the Avesta Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden
Fors (Swedish parish), a parish in the Diocese of Härnösand, Sweden
FORS, Transport for London's Freight Operator Recognition Scheme
FORS, a measuring instrument installed on the Very Large Telescope
FORS (Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences)
Sebastian Fors, a Swedish video game streamer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirofiban
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Tirofiban, sold under the brand name Aggrastat, is an antiplatelet medication. It belongs to a class of antiplatelets named glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Tirofiban is a small molecule inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between fibrinogen and the platelet integrin receptor GP IIb/IIIa and is the first drug candidate whose origins can be traced to a pharmacophore-based virtual screening lead.
It is available as a generic medication.
Medical uses
Tirofiban is indicated to reduce the rate of thrombotic cardiovascular events (combined endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, or refractory ischemia/repeat cardiac procedure) in people with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.
Contraindications and precautions
Tirofiban is contraindicated in patients with:
Known hypersensitivity to any component of tirofiban.
History of thrombocytopenia with prior exposure to tirofiban.
Active internal bleeding, or history of bleeding diathesis, major surgical procedure or severe physical trauma within the previous month.
Adverse reactions
Bleeding is the most commonly reported adverse reaction.
Use in pregnancy
Tirofiban has been demonstrated to cross the placenta in pregnant rats and rabbits. Although the doses employed in these studies were a multiple of those used in human beings. no adverse effects on the offspring in both animals have been seen. However, there are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Therefore, tirofiban should be used dur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRET
|
BRET may refer to:
Background Radiation Equivalent Time
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source-to-source%20compiler
|
A source-to-source translator, source-to-source compiler (S2S compiler), transcompiler, or transpiler is a type of translator that takes the source code of a program written in a programming language as its input and produces an equivalent source code in the same or a different programming language. A source-to-source translator converts between programming languages that operate at approximately the same level of abstraction, while a traditional compiler translates from a higher level programming language to a lower level programming language. For example, a source-to-source translator may perform a translation of a program from Python to JavaScript, while a traditional compiler translates from a language like C to assembler or Java to bytecode. An automatic parallelizing compiler will frequently take in a high level language program as an input and then transform the code and annotate it with parallel code annotations (e.g., OpenMP) or language constructs (e.g. Fortran's forall statements).
Another purpose of source-to-source-compiling is translating legacy code to use the next version of the underlying programming language or an API that breaks backward compatibility. It will perform automatic code refactoring which is useful when the programs to refactor are outside the control of the original implementer (for example, converting programs from Python 2 to Python 3, or converting programs from an old API to the new API) or when the size of the program makes it impractical
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20City%20%28video%20game%29
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N.Y.C. The Big Apple (also known as New York City) is an action game written by Russ Segal for the Atari 8-bit family and published by Synapse Software in 1984. Segal previously wrote Picnic Paranoia for Synapse. New York City was ported to the Commodore 64 by Greg Nelson.
As part of a "Double Play" promotion, New York City was sold as part of a two-game combo, with Electrician on the other side of the disk.
Gameplay
The gameplay involves visiting tourist destinations of New York City such as Grant's Tomb and the U.N. building, as well as less important locations such as the automat and bank. Each location consists of a mini-game, accessed by walking, driving or taking the subway in a stylised rendition of Manhattan island.
The game begins in a parking lot somewhere inside a randomly generated city. The player is given a car to drive along the city streets and avoid the other traffic as long as they have gas to spare. If they run out of gas or crash, a tow truck will deliver the vehicle back to the parking lot, and the player must walk from then on. If the player gets run over by a vehicle they are transported to the hospital. Minigames include the subway, where a token must be collected before boarding the train; the Central Park Zoo, where animals must be rounded up; and the automat, where food must be collected before other diners. A clock prompts the player when to search for food and when go on with the next mission. The clock runs from 9am to 5pm, and the goal is t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai%20Lake%E2%80%93Mount%20Herman%20Provincial%20Park
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Hai Lake–Mount Herman Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Established in 2004, it is 323 ha. and protects regionally significant bog ecosystems and old-growth forests. The park caters to outdoor pursuits such as day hiking, camping, fishing, and hunting.
References
Skeena Country
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20atmospheric%20dispersion%20models
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Atmospheric dispersion models are computer programs that use mathematical algorithms to simulate how pollutants in the ambient atmosphere disperse and, in some cases, how they react in the atmosphere.
US Environmental Protection Agency models
Many of the dispersion models developed by or accepted for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) are accepted for use in many other countries as well. Those EPA models are grouped below into four categories.
Preferred and recommended models
AERMOD – An atmospheric dispersion model based on atmospheric boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of multiple ground-level and elevated point, area and volume sources. It handles flat or complex, rural or urban terrain and includes algorithms for building effects and plume penetration of inversions aloft. It uses Gaussian dispersion for stable atmospheric conditions (i.e., low turbulence) and non-Gaussian dispersion for unstable conditions (high turbulence). Algorithms for plume depletion by wet and dry deposition are also included in the model. This model was in development for approximately 14 years before being officially accepted by the U.S. EPA.
CALPUFF – A non-steady-state puff dispersion model that simulates the effects of time- and space-varying meteorological conditions on pollution transport, transformation, and removal. CALPUFF can be applied for long-range transport and for complex terrain.
BLP – A Gaussian plume dispersi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin%20%28protein%29
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Merlin (also called Neurofibromin 2 or schwannomin) is a cytoskeletal protein. In humans, it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein family.
The name "merlin" is an acronym for "Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-Like Protein".
Gene
Human merlin is coded by the gene NF2 in Chromosome 22. Mouse merlin gene is located on chromosome 11 and rat merlin gene on chromosome 17. Fruit fly merlin gene (symbol Mer) is located on chromosome 1 and shares 58% similarity to its human homologue.
Other merlin-like genes are known from a wide range of animals, and the derivation of merlin is thought to be in early metazoa. Merlin is a member of the ERM family of proteins including ezrin, moesin, and radixin, which are in the protein 4.1 superfamily of proteins. Merlin is also known as schwannomin, a name derived from the most common type of tumor in the NF2 patient phenotype, the schwannoma.
Structure
Vertebrate merlin is a 70 kDa protein. There are 10 known isoforms of human merlin molecule (the full molecule being 595 amino acids in length). The two most common of these are also found in the mouse and are called type 1 and type 2, differing by the absence or presence of exon 16 or 17, respectively). All the known varieties have a conserved N-terminal part, which contains a FERM domain (a domain found in most cytoskeletal-membrane organizing proteins). The FERM domain is followed by an alpha-helical domain and a hydroph
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20Romance%20languages
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The internal classification of the Romance languages is a complex and sometimes controversial topic which may not have one single answer. Several classifications have been proposed, based on different criteria.
Attempts at classifying Romance languages
Difficulties of classification
The comparative method used by linguists to build family language trees is based on the assumption that the member languages evolved from a single proto-language by a sequence of binary splits, separated by many centuries. With that hypothesis, and the glottochronological assumption that the degree of linguistic change is roughly proportional to elapsed time, the sequence of splits can be deduced by measuring the differences between the members.
However, the history of Romance languages, as we know it, makes the first assumption rather problematic. While the Roman Empire lasted, its educational policies and the natural mobility of its soldiers and administrative officials probably ensured some degree of linguistic homogeneity throughout its territory. Even if there were differences between the Vulgar Latin spoken in different regions, it is doubtful whether there were any sharp boundaries between the various dialects. On the other hand, after the Empire's collapse, the population of Latin speakers was separated—almost instantaneously, by the standards of historical linguistics—into a large number of politically independent states and feudal domains whose populations were largely bound to the l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roefie%20Hueting
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Roelof (Roefie) Hueting (16 December 1929 – 24 June 2023) was a Dutch economist, former Head of the Department for Environmental Statistics of Statistics Netherlands, pianist and leader of the Down Town Jazz Band, and known for the development of the concept of Sustainable National Income (SNI).
Biography
Hueting was born in The Hague, son of Bernardus Hueting and Elisabeth Hueting-Steinvoorte. In 1949 he founded the Down Town Jazz Band, and earned his living as musician during his studies at the University of Amsterdam which he started in 1951 and received his MA in Economics in 1959. In 1974 he obtained his Ph.D. in economics (cum laude) at the University of Groningen with the thesis "New scarcity and economic growth: More welfare through less production?" under supervision of Jan Pen.
In 1959 he started as assistant public accountant. From 1962 till 1969 he was labour market researcher at the Ministry of Social Affairs, and from 1965 till 1968 at the Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning. After joining the Statistics Netherlands in 1969 he founded its Department of Environmental Statistics. Until his retirement in 1994 he chaired the Department for Environmental Statistics.
In 1991 he was decorated Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau, and in 1994 awarded the United Nations Global 500 award.
Hueting died in The Hague on 24 June 2023, at the age of 93.
Work
Hueting developed the theoretical and practical framework of the Sustainable national income (SNI). Alread
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Vanuatu%20languages
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The Central Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in central Vanuatu.
Languages
Clark (2009)
Clark (2009) provides the following classification of the Central Vanuatu languages, divided into geographic areas. Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in italics. Clark's Central Vanuatu branch is wider in scope, including not only the Shepherd–Efate languages, but also the Malakula and Ambrym–Paama–Epi languages.
Central Vanuatu
Malakula languages
Northeast Malakula (Uripiv), Vao, Vovo; Mpotovoro
Dirak, Malua Bay
V’ënen Taut, Tape
Larevat, Neve’ei, Naman
Navava, Nevwervwer
Unua-Pangkumu
Banam Bay, Aulua
Lendamboi; Nasarian
Axamb, Avok, Maskelynes, Port Sandwich
Sinesip, Naha’ai; Ninde
Ambrym–Paama–Epi area
Ambrym Island: North Ambrym, West Ambrym, South Ambrym
Paama Island: Southeast Ambrym, Paamese
Epi Island: Lewo, Lamen, Bierebo, Baki
Epi Island: Mkir, Bieria
Shepherd–Efate area
Shepherd Islands: Nakanamanga (Nguna); Namakir
Efate Island: South Efate
François (2015)
The following list of 19 Central Vanuatu languages (excluding the Malakula languages) is from François (2015:18–21).
Additionally, the extinct Sowa language was formerly spoken in central Vanuatu.
References
.
Southern Oceanic languages
Languages of Vanuatu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril%20challenge%20test
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The captopril challenge test (CCT) is a non-invasive medical test that measures the change in renin plasma-levels in response to administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used to assist in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. It is not generally considered a useful test for children, and more suitable options are available for adult cases.
Procedure
Plasma concentration of renin is measured prior to and following the administration of captopril. The CCT is considered positive if the renin levels increase substantially or the baseline renin level is abnormally high. An abnormal captopril test is indicative of the presence of renovascular disease.
In adults
CCT in adults is known to have high sensitivity, but a low specificity.
Subtraction angiography is considered a more suitable test for renal artery stenosis in adults.
See also
Captopril suppression test - used to diagnose primary aldosteronism
References
Blood tests
Dynamic endocrine function tests
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Women%27s%20Field%20Hockey%20Olympic%20Qualifier
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The 1991 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier was held in Auckland, New Zealand with twelve teams took part in the competition.
Results
Preliminary round
Pool A
Pool B
Classification round
Ninth to twelfth place classification
Fifth to eighth place classification
First to fourth place classification
Final standings
References
1991
1991 in women's field hockey
field hockey
1991 Women's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier
Qualification
Field hockey
Sport in Auckland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20repeater
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A cellular repeater (also known as cell phone signal booster or cell phone signal amplifier) is a type of bi-directional amplifier used to improve cell phone reception. A cellular repeater system commonly consists of a donor antenna that receives and transmits signal from nearby cell towers, coaxial cables, a signal amplifier, and an indoor rebroadcast antenna.
Common components
Donor antenna
A "donor antenna" is typically installed by a window or on the roof a building and used to communicate back to a nearby cell tower. A donor antenna can be any of several types, but is usually directional or omnidirectional. An omnidirectional antenna (which broadcast in all directions) is typically used for a repeater system that amplify coverage for all cellular carriers. A directional antenna is used when a particular tower or carrier needs to be isolated for improvement. The use of a highly directional antenna can help improve the donor's signal-to-noise ratio, thus improving the quality of signal redistributed inside a building.
Indoor antenna
Some cellular repeater systems can also include an omnidirectional antenna for rebroadcasting the signal indoors. Depending on attenuation from obstacles, the advantage of using an omnidirectional antenna is that the signal will be equally distributed in all directions.
Motor vehicle antenna
When it is raining and the motor vehicle windows are closed a cell phone could lose between 50% and 100% of its reception. To rectify the receptio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliken%E2%80%93Taylor%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Milliken–Taylor theorem in combinatorics is a generalization of both Ramsey's theorem and Hindman's theorem. It is named after Keith Milliken and Alan D. Taylor.
Let denote the set of finite subsets of , and define a partial order on by α<β if and only if max α<min β. Given a sequence of integers and , let
Let denote the k-element subsets of a set S. The Milliken–Taylor theorem says that for any finite partition , there exist some and a sequence such that .
For each , call an MTk set. Then, alternatively, the Milliken–Taylor theorem asserts that the collection of MTk sets is partition regular for each k.
References
.
.
Ramsey theory
Theorems in discrete mathematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartz%20space
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In mathematics, Schwartz space is the function space of all functions whose derivatives are rapidly decreasing. This space has the important property that the Fourier transform is an automorphism on this space. This property enables one, by duality, to define the Fourier transform for elements in the dual space of , particulary, for tempered distributions. A function in the Schwartz space is sometimes called a Schwartz function.
Schwartz space is named after French mathematician Laurent Schwartz.
Definition
Let be the set of non-negative integers, and for any , let be the n-fold Cartesian product. The Schwartz space or space of rapidly decreasing functions on is the function spacewhere is the function space of smooth functions from into , and Here, denotes the supremum, and we used multi-index notation, i.e. and .
To put common language to this definition, one could consider a rapidly decreasing function as essentially a function such that , , , ... all exist everywhere on and go to zero as faster than any reciprocal power of . In particular, (, ) is a subspace of the function space (, ) of smooth functions from into .
Examples of functions in the Schwartz space
If α is a multi-index, and a is a positive real number, then
Any smooth function f with compact support is in S(Rn). This is clear since any derivative of f is continuous and supported in the support of f, so (xαDβ) f has a maximum in Rn by the extreme value theorem.
Because the Schwartz space
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis%20theorem
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Basis theorem can refer to:
Basis theorem (computability), a type of theorem in computability theory showing that sets from particular classes must have elements of particular kinds.
Hilbert's basis theorem, in algebraic geometry, says that a polynomial ring over a Noetherian ring is Noetherian.
Low basis theorem, a particular theorem in computability theory.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noncoherent%20STC
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Non-coherent space time codes are a way of transmitting data in wireless communications.
In this multiple antenna scheme, it is assumed that the receiver only has knowledge of the statistics of channel.
Non-coherent space-time transmission schemes were proposed by Tom Marzetta and Bertrand Hochwald in 1999, but these schemes are complex in terms of implementation.
References
Data transmission
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P450-containing%20systems
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Any enzyme system that includes cytochrome P450 protein or domain can be called a P450-containing system.
P450 enzymes usually function as a terminal oxidase in multicomponent electron-transfer chains, called P450-containing monooxygenase systems, although self-sufficient, non-monooxygenase P450s have been also described. All known P450-containing monooxygenase systems share common structural and functional domain architecture. Apart from the cytochrome itself, these systems contain one or more fundamental redox domains: FAD-containing flavoprotein or domain, FMN domain, ferredoxin and cytochrome b5. These ubiquitous redox domains, in various combinations, are widely distributed in biological systems. FMN domain, ferredoxin or cytochrome b5 transfer electrons between the flavin reductase (protein or domain) and P450. While P450-containing systems are found throughout all kingdoms of life, some organisms lack one or more of these redox domains.
FR/Fd/P450 systems
Mitochondrial and some bacterial P450 systems employ soluble Fe2S2 ferredoxins (Fd) that act as single electron carriers between FAD-containing ferredoxin reductase (FR) and P450. In mitochondrial monooxygenase systems, adrenodoxin functions as a soluble electron carrier between NADPH:adrenodoxin reductase and several membrane-bound P450s (CYP11A, CYP11B, CYP27). In bacteria, putidaredoxin, terpredoxin, and rhodocoxin serve as electron carriers between corresponding NADH-dependent ferredoxin reductases and soluble
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Evans%20Hoyle
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Dr William Evans Hoyle FRSE (28 January 1855 – 7 February 1926) was a British zoologist. A specialist in deep sea creatures, he worked on classification and illustrations from the Challenger expedition from 1882 to 1888.
Life
Hoyle was born in Manchester, the son of William Jennings Hoyle, an engraver.
He was educated at Owens College and at Exeter College and Christ Church, Oxford where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1877, Master of Arts in 1882 and a Doctor of Science, he was also Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.
He was the Director of the Manchester Museum from 1889 to 1909 and then was the first director of the National Museum of Wales from 1909 up to his retirement in 1926. Trained as a medical anatomist, Hoyle is most famous for his monographic studies on cephalopods from major exploring expeditions of his era including the Challenger, the Albatross, the British National Antarctic Expedition and the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.
In 1883 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir John Murray, Morrison Watson, John Gray McKendrick and James Cossar Ewart.
Hoyle authored many first descriptions of cephalopods, including (but not limited to) those tabled below.
In 1906 he served as President of the Museums Association of Great Britain.
He died in Porthcawl in Wales on 7 February 1926.
Family
He married twice: firstly in 1883 to Edith Isabel Sharp (d.1916); secondly in 1918 to Mrs Florence Ethel Mabel Hallett
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Muchnick
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Steven Stanley Muchnick (1945-2020) was a noted computer science researcher, best known as author of the 1997 treatise on compilers, "Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation."
Background
In 1974, Muchnick was awarded a PhD in computer science from Cornell University. After graduation, he became a professor at the University of Kansas, located in Lawrence, Kansas. During his tenure at that institution, he wrote several research papers, many of which were published in the Journal of the ACM.
Muchnick eventually departed from his teaching profession. He then went on to apply his knowledge of compilers as a vital member of the teams that developed two computer architectures — PA-RISC at Hewlett-Packard and SPARC at Sun Microsystems.
Upon completion of the initial work on each architecture, he served as the leader of the advanced compiler design and implementation groups for these systems.
Later Muchnick became involved in the prevention of HIV infections. In 2010 he was a member of the San Francisco HIV Prevention Planning Center.
References
Cornell University alumni
University of Kansas faculty
American computer scientists
Living people
Hewlett-Packard people
Sun Microsystems people
1945 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent%20pupillary%20membrane
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Persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) is a condition of the eye involving remnants of a fetal membrane that persist as strands of tissue crossing the pupil. The pupillary membrane in mammals exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens. It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks. PPM occurs when this atrophy is incomplete. It generally does not cause any symptoms. The strands can connect to the cornea or lens, but most commonly to other parts of the iris. Attachment to the cornea can cause small corneal opacities, while attachment to the lens can cause small cataracts. Using topical atropine to dilate the pupil may help break down PPMs.
In dogs, PPM is inherited in the Basenji but can occur in other breeds such as the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Chow Chow, Mastiff, and English Cocker Spaniel. It can also be observed in cats, horses, and cattle.
References
External links
Dog diseases
Disorders of iris and ciliary body
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle%20cell%20trait
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Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous). Those who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin (the two alleles are codominant with respect to the actual concentration of hemoglobin in the circulating cells).
Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder wherein there is a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein of the red blood cells, which causes these cells to assume a sickle shape, especially when under low oxygen tension. Sickling and sickle cell disease also confer some resistance to malaria parasitization of red blood cells, so that individuals with sickle-cell trait (heterozygotes) have a selective advantage in environments where malaria is present.
Symptoms and signs
Sickle cell trait is a hemoglobin genotype AS and is generally regarded as a benign condition. However, individuals with sickle cell trait may have rare complications. For example, in November 2010, Dr. Jeffery K. Taubenberger of the National Institutes of Health discovered the earliest proof of sickle-cell disease while looking for the virus of the 1918 flu during the autopsy of an African-American soldier. Taubenberger's autopsy results showed that the soldier had had a sickle-cell crisis that contributed to his death even
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptomycin
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Leptomycins are secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces spp.
Leptomycin B (LMB) was originally discovered as a potent antifungal compound. Leptomycin B was found to cause cell elongation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Since then this elongation effect has been used for the bioassay of leptomycin. However, recent data shows that leptomycin causes G1 cell cycle arrest in mammalian cells and is a potent anti-tumor agent against murine experimental tumors in combination therapy.
Leptomycin B has been shown to be a potent and specific nuclear export inhibitor in humans and the fission yeast S. pombe. Leptomycin B alkylates and inhibits CRM1 (chromosomal region maintenance)/exportin 1 (), a protein required for nuclear export of proteins containing a nuclear export sequence (NES), by glycosylating a cysteine residue (cysteine 529 in S. pombe). In addition to antifungal and antibacterial activities, leptomycin B blocks the cell cycle and is a potent anti-tumor agent. At low nM concentrations, leptomycin B blocks the nuclear export of many proteins including HIV-1 Rev, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB/IκB, and it inhibits the inactivation of p53. Leptomycin B also inhibits the export and translation of many RNAs, including COX-2 and c-Fos mRNAs, by inhibiting the export of ribonucleoproteins.
Leptomycin A (LPA) was discovered together with LMB. LMB is twice as potent as LPA.
See also
Selective inhibitor of nuclear export
References
External links
Original data
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroWorlds
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MicroWorlds is a program that uses the Logo programming language to teach language, mathematics, programming, and robotics concepts in primary and secondary education. It features an object in the shape of a turtle that can be given commands to move around the screen drawing shapes, creating animations, and playing games. The program's use of Logo is part of a large set of dialects and implementations created by Seymour Papert aimed at triggering the development of abstract ideas by children through experimentation. MicroWorlds is developed by Logo Computer Systems Inc. (LCSI) and released for Windows and Mac computers.
Release History
The precursors to MicroWorlds were the programs Apple Logo, Atari Logo, and LogoWriter released by LCSI for the Macintosh, Atari 8-bit family, and IBM Personal Computer in the 1980s. The first version to bear the MicroWorlds name was released in 1993 for DOS and Mac called MicroWorlds Project Builder. Two modules were released to accompany the software called "Math Links" and "Language Arts."
MicroWorlds 2.0 was released in 1996 for Windows 95 and in 1998 for Mac. Modules for weather and plants were released in 1997, as well as an internet browser plugin to view projects in Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator without the full software installed. Spanish and Portuguese editions were released under the name MicroMundos.
MicroWorlds Pro, an advanced version intended for high school students, was released in 1999 for Windows 95/98/NT and i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20White
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Norman White (born January 7, 1938, San Antonio Texas) Canadian New Media artist considered to be a pioneer in the use of electronic technology and robotics in art.
Life
White was born in San Antonio Texas in 1938. He grew up in and around Boston, Massachusetts, and obtained his B.A. in Biology from Harvard University in 1959. Originally planning to become a fisheries biologist, White changed his mind and decided to travel to places like New York City, San Francisco, London, and the Middle East during the 1960s.
While living in San Francisco, he worked as an electrician at Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard, and developed a fascination for electrical switching systems. In London England, 1965-1967, he began to experiment with electronics. He then moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he began creating a series of kinetic, digital logic driven light machines. His first artwork utilizing "RTL" integrated circuits was shown in the E.A.T. sponsored group exhibition entitled "Some More Beginnings", in 1969, at the Brooklyn Museum. From 1978 to 2003. White taught classes such as "Mechanics for Real Time Sculpture" as part of the Integrated Media Program of the Ontario College of Art & Design
A retrospective of his work and influence, called Norm’s Robots and Machine Life, with works by both White and several Canadian artists he has influenced, was shown at the Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, Ontario in 2004.
From 1992 to 2003, White was an essential force behind the OCAD
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicate
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Replicate may refer to:
Replicate (biology), the exact copy resulting from self-replication of genetic material, a cell, or an organism
Replicate (statistics), a fully repeated experiment or set of test conditions.
See also
Replication (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTC
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ACTC may refer to:
ACTC1
Stock symbol for Advanced Cell Technology
All Ceylon Tamil Congress, a Sri Lankan political party representing the Sri Lankan Tamil ethnic minority
Andhra Christian Theological College, Hyderabad, India
Apple Certified Technical Coordinator
Ashland Community and Technical College, Kentucky, US
Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera, motorsport governing body
Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities 5 liberal arts colleges in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota
Association for Core Texts and Courses
Australian Counter-Terrorism Centre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Kajiya
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James Kajiya is a pioneer in the field of computer graphics. He is perhaps best known for the development of the rendering equation.
Kajiya received his PhD from the University of Utah in 1979, was a professor at Caltech from 1979 through 1994, and is currently a researcher at Microsoft Research.
In 2002, Kajiya was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to formal and practical methods of computer image generation.
References
External links
Biography at Microsoft
Microsoft employees
University of Utah alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
Computer graphics professionals
American computer scientists
Computer graphics researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20McGoldrick
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Edward John Paul McGoldrick (born 30 April 1965) is an Irish football coach and former professional footballer who is currently the foundation academy manager of Premier League club Crystal Palace.
As a player he was a winger and central midfielder, who played in the Football League for Northampton Town, Crystal Palace, Manchester City and Stockport County, and in the Premier League for Arsenal. He also played non-League football for Kettering Town, Nuneaton Borough and Corby Town. McGoldrick was capped for the Republic of Ireland and played in World Cup 94.
Club career
He started out at non-league side Kettering Town, but following a transfer to Nuneaton Borough he established himself as a utility player in the early 1980s. He went on to move into the Football League with Northampton Town, where he collected a Fourth Division title medal in 1987.
McGoldrick then went on to have a spell at Crystal Palace. Whilst with Palace he played in the 1988–89 Second Division playoff final. During the game he supplied the cross which set up Ian Wright's goal which secured promotion to the First Division in Palace's 4–3 aggregate victory over Blackburn Rovers. He also won a Zenith Data Systems Cup winners medal with the club in the 1990–91 season. During that season, Palace also recorded their best-ever finish of third place within the league. He did however, miss out on the club's appearance in the 1990 FA Cup final. All in all with Crystal Palace he was capped 147 times, scoring 11 g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20Star
|
The Crystal Star is a bestselling 1994 Star Wars novel written by Vonda N. McIntyre and published by Bantam Spectra. The novel is set ten years after the Battle of Endor in the Star Wars expanded universe.
Plot
Background
Jacen and Jaina Solo are now five years old, and their brother Anakin is three, all at an age where they are easily manipulated.
Summary
On Munto Codro, Jacen, Jaina and Anakin are kidnapped by a man named Hethrir. Their mother Leia Organa Solo immediately dispatches a rescue operation. Meanwhile, Leia's husband Han Solo and brother Luke Skywalker go to Crseih Station on a supposed "vacation", and learn of a secret cult that influences the Crystal Star, which could possibly threaten the very existence of the galaxy.
Hethrir continues to manipulate the children for several days, as he leads the Empire Reborn, an organization looking to resurrect the Galactic Empire. Eventually, Leia and Chewbacca manage to rescue the children, but Hethrir is still connected to the events that transpire around the Crystal Star. After an intense series of events, Hethrir is killed, the Crystal Star explodes, Crseih station moves out of the area beforehand, and Luke, Leia, Han and the children are safe.
Reception
The Crystal Star was a New York Times Bestseller, and the sixth consecutive Star Wars novel to reach the bestseller list.
Critical reception was generally hostile. It was dubbed "The most derided novel in the entire Expanded Universe" in a 2013 retrospective with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball%20%28disambiguation%29
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A snowball is a ball of snow, usually made by compacting snow with the hands.
Snowball may also refer to:
Business and finance
Snowball (finance), an "exotic" interest rate derivative
The debt-snowball method, a debt reduction strategy
Drugs
Snowball, another name for a cocaine-heroin speedball
Snowball, a cocaine party
Food and drink
Snowball (cocktail), an alcoholic mixed drink
An alternate name for snow cone; a treat of shaved ice & sugar syrup
Sno-ball, Baltimore version of the snow cone
Sno Balls, Hostess-brand confection
Tunnock's Snowball, a British sweet snack
Media, arts, and entertainment
Dances
Snowball (school dance), a regional U.S. term for a type of school dance where females invite males (similar to a Sadie Hawkins dance)
Film
Snowball (1960 film), a British crime film
Snowball (1995 film), an Italian family adventure film
Snowball (2020 film), a South Korean drama film
Private Snowball, a nickname given to an African-American recruit in the film Full Metal Jacket (1987)
Snowball, the nickname of the character Willam Black from Kevin Smith's film Clerks and the Mallrats films
Snowball, a rabbit in the animated film The Secret Life of Pets
Games
Snowball (1983), a text adventure in the Silicon Dreams trilogy by Level 9 Computing
Literature and publications
The Snowball (children's novel), a children's fantasy novel by Barbara Sleigh
Snowball (Animal Farm), a character in George Orwell's political satire Animal Farm
The Snowball: Wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwasher%20salt
|
Dishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers. Analogous to water softener salt, dishwasher salt regenerates ion exchange resins, expelling the therein trapped calcium and magnesium ions that characterize hard water. Dishwater salt granules are larger than those of table salt. The granule size ensures that the salt dissolves slowly, and that fine particles do not block the softener unit.
Dishwasher salt is unsuitable for cooking as it is not considered food grade and therefore may contain toxic elements.
In some countries, especially those in Europe, dishwashers include a built-in water softener that removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water. Dishwasher salt, which is coarse-grained sodium chloride (table salt), is used to regenerate the resin in the built-in ion-exchange system. The coarse grains prevent it from clogging the softener unit. Unlike certain types of salt used for culinary purposes, it does not contain added anticaking agents or magnesium salts. The presence of magnesium salts will defeat the purpose of removing magnesium from the water softener. Anticaking agents may lead to clogging or may contain magnesium. Table salt may contain added iodine in the form of sodium iodide or potassium iodide. These compounds will not affect the ion-exchange system, but adding table salt to the dishwasher's water softening unit can damage it.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene%20Blum
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Arlene Blum (born March 1, 1945) is an American mountaineer, writer, and environmental health scientist. She is best known for leading the first successful American ascent of Annapurna (I), a climb that was also an all-woman ascent. She led the first all-woman ascent of Denali ("Denali Damsels" expedition), and was the first American woman to attempt Mount Everest. She is Executive Director of the Green Science Policy Institute.
Early life
Blum was born in Davenport, Iowa, and raised from the age of five on in Chicago by her Orthodox Jewish mother and grandparents. In the early 1960s, she attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Her first climb was in Washington, where she failed to reach the summit of Mount Adams. However, she persevered, climbing throughout her college days. She was rejected from an Afghanistan expedition in 1969, with its leader writing to her, "One woman and nine men would seem to me to be unpleasant high on the open ice, not only in excretory situations but in the easy masculine companionship which is so vital a part of the joy of an expedition." In 1970, she requested to join a high altitude expedition, but was told that she was welcome to come as far as the base camp to "help with the cooking." However, she was able to go climbing as part of her research for her senior thesis, which was on the topic of volcanic gases on Oregon's Mount Hood. Blum was graduated from Reed in 1966 and attended MIT and UC Berkeley, where she earned a PhD in biophysical c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basterna
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A basterna was a kind of vehicle, or litter, in which Ancient Roman women were carried. It appears to have resembled the lectica; and the only difference apparently was, that the lectica was carried on the shoulders of slaves, and the basterna by two mules, according to Isaac Casaubon. Several etymologies of the word have been proposed. Salmasius proposes it to be derived from the Greek (Salm. ad Lamprid. Heliog. 21).
Cassius Dio links it to the people known as the Bastarnae, living in what is now southern Ukraine.. A description of a basterna is given by a poet in the Anth. Lat. iii. 183.
Others call it a kind of chariot, and say it was drawn by oxen to go more gently. Gregory de Tours gives an instance of it being carried by wild bulls.
The interior was called cavea, 'cage'; and it had soft cushions or beds. The mode of basterna's passed from Italy into Gaul, and then into other countries. Modern coach or stagecoach transportation has its origins in the basterna.
References
Smith, William. "Basterna". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. John Murray: London. 1875.
Carts
Ancient Roman vehicles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20speed%20optimization
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Train speed optimization, also known as Zuglaufoptimierung, is a system that reduces the need for trains to brake and accelerate, resulting in smoother and more efficient operation.
While train speed optimization needs some technical infrastructure, it is more of an operational concept than a technical installation. One can relatively easily implement train speed optimization using for instance cab signalling (e.g. using ETCS), but the presence of a cab signalling system does not necessarily mean that it uses train speed optimization. Train speed optimization may also be implemented using conventional signalling.
Conventional signal operation
Usually, trains are allowed to run at the maximum speed the track allows until the distant signal of next occupied block. This is inefficient in many cases, because this way the train comes to a halt in front of the red signal and has to accelerate again from zero.
Advantages using train speed optimization
If the train slows down much earlier, given the right timing, it reaches the distant signal just when the home signal switches to green, and so does not need to stop. Thus, wear on the brakes is reduced and the train uses less energy. But the main reason, especially for trains that accelerate slowly, is that the train passes the home signal at high speed, compared to the conventional case where the train often has to accelerate from standstill. This effectively increases track capacity, because the time it takes for the train to run
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20logic%20%28digital%20electronics%29
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In integrated circuit design, dynamic logic (or sometimes clocked logic) is a design methodology in combinational logic circuits, particularly those implemented in metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology. It is distinguished from the so-called static logic by exploiting temporary storage of information in stray and gate capacitances. It was popular in the 1970s and has seen a recent resurgence in the design of high-speed digital electronics, particularly central processing units (CPUs). Dynamic logic circuits are usually faster than static counterparts and require less surface area, but are more difficult to design. Dynamic logic has a higher average rate of voltage transitions than static logic, but the capacitive loads being transitioned are smaller so the overall power consumption of dynamic logic may be higher or lower depending on various tradeoffs. When referring to a particular logic family, the dynamic adjective usually suffices to distinguish the design methodology, e.g. dynamic CMOS or dynamic SOI design.
Besides its use of dynamic state storage via voltages on capacitances, dynamic logic is distinguished from so-called static logic in that dynamic logic uses a clock signal in its implementation of combinational logic. The usual use of a clock signal is to synchronize transitions in sequential logic circuits. For most implementations of combinational logic, a clock signal is not even needed. The static/dynamic terminology used to refer to combinatorial circ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biconjugate%20gradient%20method
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In mathematics, more specifically in numerical linear algebra, the biconjugate gradient method is an algorithm to solve systems of linear equations
Unlike the conjugate gradient method, this algorithm does not require the matrix to be self-adjoint, but instead one needs to perform multiplications by the conjugate transpose .
The Algorithm
Choose initial guess , two other vectors and and a preconditioner
for do
In the above formulation, the computed and satisfy
and thus are the respective residuals corresponding to and , as approximate solutions to the systems
is the adjoint, and is the complex conjugate.
Unpreconditioned version of the algorithm
Choose initial guess ,
for do
Discussion
The biconjugate gradient method is numerically unstable (compare to the biconjugate gradient stabilized method), but very important from a theoretical point of view. Define the iteration steps by
where using the related projection
with
These related projections may be iterated themselves as
A relation to Quasi-Newton methods is given by and , where
The new directions
are then orthogonal to the residuals:
which themselves satisfy
where .
The biconjugate gradient method now makes a special choice and uses the setting
With this particular choice, explicit evaluations of and are avoided, and the algorithm takes the form stated above.
Properties
If is self-adjoint, and , then , , and the conjugate gradient method produces the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HHV%20Infected%20Cell%20Polypeptide%200
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Human Herpes Virus (HHV) Infected Cell Polypeptide 0 (ICP0) is a protein, encoded by the DNA of herpes viruses. It is produced by herpes viruses during the earliest stage of infection, when the virus has recently entered the host cell; this stage is known as the immediate-early or α ("alpha") phase of viral gene expression. During these early stages of infection, ICP0 protein is synthesized and transported to the nucleus of the infected host cell. Here, ICP0 promotes transcription from viral genes, disrupts structures in the nucleus known as nuclear dots or promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and alters the expression of host and viral genes in combination with a neuron specific protein. At later stages of cellular infection, ICP0 relocates to the cell cytoplasm to be incorporated into new virion particles.
History and background
ICP0 was identified as an immediate-early polypeptide product of Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in 1976. The gene, in HSV-1, from which ICP0 is produced is known as HSV-1 α0 ("alpha zero"), Immediate Early (IE) gene 1, or simply as the HSV-1 ICP0 gene. The HSV-1 ICP0 gene was characterized and sequenced in 1986. This sequence predicted a 775 amino acid sequence with a molecular weight of 78.5 KDa. At the time of gene isolation, ICP0 was known as IE110 as gel electrophoresis experiments performed prior to obtaining the gene sequence indicated the ICP0 protein weighed 110 kDa. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal%20lighter%20fluid
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Charcoal lighter fluid is a flammable fluid used to accelerate the ignition of charcoal in a barbecue grill. It can either be petroleum based (e.g., mineral spirits) or alcohol based (usually methanol or ethanol). It can be used both with lump charcoal and briquettes. Lighter-fluid infused briquettes, that eliminate the need for separate application of lighter fluid, are available. The use of lighter fluid is somewhat controversial as the substance is combustible, harmful or fatal if swallowed, and may impart an unpleasant flavor to food cooked upon fires lit with it.
The sale of petroleum-based charcoal lighter fluid is regulated in some jurisdictions due to its potential to cause photochemical smog through evaporation of its volatile organic compounds. The South Coast Air Quality Management District requires that all charcoal lighter fluids sold in its jurisdiction (essentially Southern California) meet the air quality standards set forth in District Rule 1174. Common substitutes to aid in the starting of charcoal fires are chimney and electric fire starters.
In former Soviet countries, the alcohol-based lighter fluid is sometimes consumed as a surrogate alcohol among very poor alcoholics because of its cheap price compared to vodka, just as it is with Troynoy Eau de Cologne. Lighter fluid is poisonous and should never be consumed.
Charcoal lighter fluid, known as LF-1, was used in the Pratt & Whitney J57 engine, which powered the Lockheed U-2 aircraft. With an additive
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam%20landscape
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The Sangam landscape (Tamil: அகத்திணை "inner classification") is the name given to a poetic device that was characteristic of love poetry in classical Tamil Sangam literature. The core of the device was the categorisation of poems into different tiṇais or modes, depending on the nature, location, mood and type of relationship represented by the poem. Each tiṇai was closely associated with a particular landscape, and imagery associated with that landscape—its flowers, trees, wildlife, people, climate and geography—was woven into the poem in such a way as to convey a mood, associated with one aspect of a romantic relationship.
Symbolism
Classical Tamil love poetry assigns the human experiences it describes, and in particular the subjective topics that those experiences relate to, to specific habitats. Every situation in the poems is described using themes in which the time, the place and the floral symbols of each episode are codified. These codifications are used as symbols to imply a socio-economic order, occupations and behaviour patterns, which, in turn, are symbolized, by specific flora and fauna. Details of secondary aspects are just as rigidly codified—the seasons, the hour a god, musical instruments and, above all, the sentimental connotations of each landscape: lovers' meetings, patient waiting, lovers' quarrels, separation, and the anxiously awaited return.
Geographical and non-geographical thinais
Under this codification, the inner universe associated with love
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dark%20Crystal%20%28video%20game%29
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Hi-Res Adventure #6: The Dark Crystal is a graphic adventure game based on Jim Henson's 1982 fantasy film, The Dark Crystal. The game was designed by Roberta Williams and was the first Hi-Res Adventure directly released under the SierraVenture label in 1983. Versions were published for the Apple II and Atari 8-bit family. An alternate version of the game intended for younger players called Gelfling Adventure was released in 1984.
Development
It took Roberta Williams a little over a month to develop the design for the game, which was then turned over to programmers and artists.
Reception
Softline in 1983 wrote that "In a way, it's better than the movie", stating The Dark Crystal "thin story that failed to serve the movie well is comparatively top-drawer material in the game" and calling the graphics "delightful". The game received a Certificate of Merit in the category of "1984 Best Computer Adventure" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards.
In a 1983 review of the Atari 8-bit version for Hi-Res magazine, Mark S. Murley found the game too clearly linear and disliked having to swap between three disks. He wrote:
Reviews
Jeux & Stratégie #21
References
External links
The Sierra Help Pages
Official free re-creation of the game
1983 video games
Adventure games
Apple II games
Atari 8-bit family games
ScummVM-supported games
Sierra Entertainment games
The Dark Crystal
Video games based on films
Video games set on fictional planets
Video games developed in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Simmons%20%28artist%29
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Don Simmons (Born 1973 in St. John's, Newfoundland) is a Canadian experimental artist and writer whose work materializes itself as robotics, electronics, audio, installation and performance.
Simmons' work addresses problematic concepts like the automation and the psychological effects of simulated processes. He often treats the body as a machine and tool for collecting data/information. Simmons will create situations for 'false' emotional states to occur in the audience, in turn questioning the reality of simulated emotions. His work has also dealt with scatological, littoral, and tactical art practices. He also exhibits collaboratively as the Tactical Art Coalition, EMMAX and the Work group.
Simmons has participated in exhibitions internationally, including exhibitions at the Walter Phillips Gallery, Banff, curated by Jim Drobnick, the College for Creative Studies, Detroit, curated by Melanie Manos, Video In Studios, Vancouver, as a part of the Signal & Noise Festival, and at EMMEDIA, Calgary. His performative installation called 'One Month' at the Truck Gallery, Calgary, involved several clown/drag queen hybrids performing during gallery hours. The clown/drag queen hybrids would wander the gallery in depressed mood avoiding the gallery's visitors.
Other past exhibitions have included Western Front, Vancouver, curated Victoria Singh & Velveeta Krisp for That 70's Ho Performance Series, Galerie SAW Gallery, Ottawa, curated by Jason & Stefan St-Laurent for SCATALOGUE: 30
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleckstrin%20homology%20domain
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Pleckstrin homology domain (PH domain) or (PHIP) is a protein domain of approximately 120 amino acids that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.
This domain can bind phosphatidylinositol lipids within biological membranes (such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate), and proteins such as the βγ-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and protein kinase C. Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways.
Lipid binding specificity
Individual PH domains possess specificities for phosphoinositides phosphorylated at different sites within the inositol ring, e.g., some bind phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate but not phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate, while others may possess the requisite affinity. This is important because it makes the recruitment of different PH domain containing proteins sensitive to the activities of enzymes that either phosphorylate or dephosphorylate these sites on the inositol ring, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase or PTEN, respectively. Thus, such enzymes exert a part of their effect on cell function by modulating the localization of downstream signaling proteins that possess PH domains
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement%20protein
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In order for a virus to infect a plant, it must be able to move between cells so it can spread throughout the plant. Plant cell walls make this moving/spreading quite difficult and therefore, for this to occur, movement proteins must be present. A movement protein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is considered to be a general feature of plant genomes. They allow for local and systemic viral spread throughout a plant. MPs were first studied in the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) where it was found that viruses were unable to spread without the presence of a specific protein. In general, the plant viruses first, move within the cell from replication sites to the plasmodesmata (PD). Then, the virus is able to go through the PD and spread to other cells. This process is controlled through MPs. Different MPs use different mechanisms and pathways to regulate this spread of some viruses. Nearly all plants express at least one MP, while some can encode many different MPs which help with cell to cell viral transmission. They serve to increase the size exclusion limits (SEL) of plasmodesmata to allow for greater spread of the virus.
Plant viral movement protein regulation
Viral MPs can undergo some sort of regulation. They can be phosphorylated by plant protein kinases which can inactivate the viral MPs and provide an avenue for post-translational modification and regulation of viral movement. Phosphorylation also can assist in regulating viral infectivity. Plasmodesmata fu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty%20sella%20syndrome
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Empty sella syndrome is the condition when the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica with cerebrospinal fluid instead of the normal pituitary. It can be discovered as part of the diagnostic workup of pituitary disorders, or as an incidental finding when imaging the brain.
Signs and symptoms
If there are symptoms, people with empty sella syndrome can have headaches and vision loss. Additional symptoms would be associated with hypopituitarism.
Additional symptoms are as follows:
Abnormality of the middle ear ossicles
Cryptorchidism
Dolichocephaly
Arnold-Chiari type I malformation
Meningocele
Patent ductus arteriosus
Muscular hypotonia
Platybasia
Cause
The cause of this condition is divided into primary and secondary, as follows:
The cause of this condition in terms of secondary empty sella syndrome happens when a tumor or surgery damages the gland, this is an acquired manner of the condition.
patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension will have empty sella on MRI
The cause of primary empty sella syndrome is a congenital defect (diaphragma sellae)
Mechanism
The normal mechanism of the pituitary gland sees that it controls the hormonal system, which therefore has an effect on growth, sexual development, and adrenocortical function. The gland is divided into anterior and posterior.
Its pathophysiology is such that individuals affected with the condition can have cerebrospinal fluid build-up, which in turn causes intracrani
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Jeffrey
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Richard Carl Jeffrey (August 5, 1926 – November 9, 2002) was an American philosopher, logician, and probability theorist. He is best known for developing and championing the philosophy of radical probabilism and the associated heuristic of probability kinematics, also known as Jeffrey conditioning.
Life and career
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Jeffrey served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. As a graduate student he studied under Rudolf Carnap and Carl Hempel. He received his M.A. from the University of Chicago in 1952 and his Ph.D. from Princeton in 1957. After holding academic positions at MIT, City College of New York, Stanford University, and the University of Pennsylvania, he joined the faculty of Princeton in 1974 and became a professor emeritus there in 1999. He was also a visiting professor at the University of California, Irvine.
Jeffrey, who died of lung cancer at the age of 76, was known for his sense of humor, which often came through in his breezy writing style. In the preface of his posthumously published Subjective Probability, he refers to himself as "a fond foolish old fart dying of a surfeit of Pall Malls".
Philosophical work
As a philosopher, Jeffrey specialized in epistemology and decision theory. He is perhaps best known for defending and developing the Bayesian approach to probability.
Jeffrey also wrote, or co-wrote, two widely used and influential logic textbooks: Formal Logic: Its Scope and Limits, a basic introduction to logic, and Computabi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properdin
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Properdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFP (complement factor properdin) gene.
Properdin is plasma glycoprotein that activates the complement system of the innate immune system. This protein binds to bacterial cell walls and dying human cells to stabilize the C3 and C5-convertase enzyme complexes to form an attack complex that lead to the lysis of the cell.
Structure
Properdin is a gamma globulin protein composed of multiple identical protein subunits with a separate ligand-binding site. Native properdin occurs in head-to-tail dimers, trimers and tetramers in the fixed ratio 22:52:28.
Function
It is known that it participates in some specific immune responses. It plays a part in tissue inflammation as well as the engulfing of pathogens by phagocytes. In addition it is known to help to neutralize some viruses.
The properdin promotes the association of C3b with Factor B and provides a focal point for the assembly of C3bBb on a surface. It binds to preformed alternative pathway C3-convertases. Properdin also inhibits the Factor H – mediated cleavage of C3b by Factor I.
The alternative pathway is not dependent on antibodies. This branch of the complement system is activated by IgA immune complexes and bacterial endotoxins, polysaccharides, and cell walls, and results in producing anaphylatoxins, opsonins, chemotactic factors, and the membrane attack complex, all of which help fight pathogens.
History
Properdin was discovered in 1954 by Dr. Louis Pillemer o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial%20motor%20nucleus
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The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius.
Structure
The nucleus is situated in the caudal portion of the ventrolateral pontine tegmentum. Its axons take an unusual course, traveling dorsally and looping around the abducens nucleus, then traveling ventrally to exit the ventral pons medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These axons form the motor component of the facial nerve, with parasympathetic and sensory components forming the intermediate nerve.
The nucleus has a dorsal and ventral region, with neurons in the dorsal region innervating muscles of the upper face and neurons in the ventral region innervating muscles of the lower face.
Function
Because it innervates muscles derived from pharyngeal arches, the facial motor nucleus is considered part of the special visceral efferent (SVE) cell column, which also includes the trigeminal motor nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and (arguably) the spinal accessory nucleus.
Cortical input
Like all lower motor neurons, cells of the facial motor nucleus receive cortical input from the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the brain. Upper motor neurons of the cortex send axons that descend through the internal capsule and synapse on neurons in the facial motor nucleus. This pathway from the cortex to the brainstem is called the corticobulbar tract.
The neurons in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selector%20technique
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The selector technique is a method to amplify and multiplex genomic DNA.
Process
Genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes, circularized by hybridisation to selectors and subsequently attached to a vector sequence by ligation. The procedure results in circular DNA molecules with an included general primer pair motif that can be used for amplification by PCR or RCA.
Selector construct
A selector consists of two oligonucleotides, one Vector oligonucleotide and one Selector probe. Together they form one Selector with target specific ends on each side of a general primer motif.
Selection mechanisms
A selector probe hybridizes with both ends of the selected target.
A selector probe hybridizes with one end to the 3’ end of the target and the other end to an internal sequence of the target. The protruding 5' end is cleaved off using Taq polymerase.
Publications
Demonstration of the selector method
The PieceMaker software for designing selector experiments
DNA
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck%20hepatitis%20B%20virus
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Duck hepatitis B virus, abbreviated DHBV, is part of the genus Avihepadnavirus of the Hepadnaviridae, and is the causal agent of duck hepatitis B.
DHBV is a small DNA virus with a diameter of 40–45 nm. The viral envelope is made up from host cell lipid, with viral surface antigens (DHBsAg). The icosahedral nucleocapsid within, is composed of the virus core antigen (DHBcAg) and surrounds the DNA genome and viral polymerase. The viral genome is a circular double stranded DNA molecule about 3000 base pairs long. The genome has three overlapping open reading frames or ORFs:
C-ORF – encoding the core antigen and pre-core protein which are processed and secreted as DHBcAg
S-ORF – codes for the surface antigen DHBsAg
P-ORF – encoding the viral polymerase.
On binding and entry of the virus to the host cell, the genome is transported to the nucleus to be transcribed. Novel viral RNA is then transferred to the cytoplasm for translation and subsequent protein synthesis.
Duck hepatitis B virus has provided a basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The virus has also provided as a useful animal model in the absence of one from the HBV, and as scaffold for the development of chimeric virus-like particles.
References
Hepadnaviridae
Animal viral diseases
Hepatitis B virus
Poultry diseases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padimate%20A
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Padimate A is an organic compound that is an ingredient in some sunscreens. It is an ester derivative of PABA. This aromatic chemical absorbs ultraviolet rays thereby preventing sunburn. However, its chemical structure and behaviour is similar to an industrial free radical generator. In Europe this chemical was withdrawn in 1989 for unstated reasons.
In the US it was never approved for use in sunscreens.
Photobiology
The photobiological properties of padimate O and padimate A resemble that of Michler's ketone. These compounds have been shown to increase the lethal effects of UV-radiation on cells. This photochemistry is relevant to the sunscreen controversy.
See also
Padimate O, a related sunscreen ingredient
References
4-Aminobenzoate esters
Sunscreening agents
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization%20%28love%29
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Crystallization is a concept, developed in 1822 by the French writer Stendhal, which describes the process, or mental metamorphosis, in which unattractive characteristics of a new love are transformed into perceptual diamonds of shimmering beauty. According to a quotation by Stendhal: What I call 'crystallization' is the operation of the mind that draws from all that presents itself the discovery that the loved object has some new perfections.
Origin of term
In the summer of 1818 Stendhal took a trip to the salt mines of Hallein near Salzburg with his friend and associate Madame Gherardi. Here they discovered the phenomenon of salt “crystallization” and used it as a metaphor for human relationships.
"In the salt mines, nearing the end of the winter season, the miners will throw a leafless wintry bough into one of the abandoned workings. Two or three months later, through the effects of the waters saturated with salt which soak the bough and then let it dry as they recede, the miners find it covered with a shining deposit of crystals. The tiniest twigs no bigger than a tom-tit’s claw are encrusted with an infinity of little crystals scintillating and dazzling. The original little bough is no longer recognizable; it has become a child’s plaything very pretty to see. When the sun is shining and the air is perfectly dry the miners of Hallein seize the opportunity of offering these diamond-studded boughs to travellers preparing to go down to the mine."
Story behind term
Al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LINC%204GL
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LINC ("Logic and Information Network Compiler") is a fourth-generation programming language, used mostly on Unisys computer systems.
Background
LINC was originally developed as a short-cut (or template) by two programmers to reproduce and automate the production of computer applications for different companies, that had similar requirements and specifications. The requirements were similar, because the companies followed a common, generic, business model.
That is, these businesses dealt with "commodities", or "parts", or "suppliers", or "customers" (named "components" in LINC terminology). These were "manufactured", or "assembled", or "purchased", or "sold" (actions termed "events" in LINC terminology).
These components and events were the "interface specifications" or "ispecs" and contained the database definitions, screen designs, and business rules of the application system.
LIRC (Logic and Information Report Compiler) was part of LINC and was developed to allow the programmer to produce reports (e.g. "purchase orders", "invoices", "credit notes", "consignment notes", "bills of sale"). The information in these reports were accessed by using various user-defined views of these components and events called "profiles".
Because reports run as a separate task (as a separate thread of execution) they could also be written to run as a background process; that is, it could put itself to sleep for a period of time or until woken, to perform some processing, then put itself to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark%20national%20football%20team%20records%20and%20statistics
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The Denmark national football team statistics show the accomplishments of the players and coaches of the Danish men's ever since the controlling organ of the team, the Danish Football Association (DBU), started registering official games at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Key
Most appearances
The 25 most capped players for Denmark are:
* denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Goalscorers
Top goalscorers
With 52 goals, Poul "Tist" Nielsen is currently the men's number one goalscorer in Danish football history. The players with 10 goals or more for Denmark are:
denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Highest goal average
Only people with at least five goals have been included.
Team captains
The ten players with the most caps as Danish team captains are:
Players still playing or available for selection are in bold. * denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Cards
As of 29 March 2015, the caution and sending-off statistics are:
Cautions
Players still playing or available for selection are in bold. * denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Sending-offs
Players still playing or available for selection are in bold. * denotes members of the 1992 European Championship-winning team.
Managers
The management statistics are:
Note that the Denmark national football team has not had a designated team manager for every match.
Matches
Note that Average points per game is calculated
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic%20kidney%20disease
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Cystic kidney disease refers to a wide range of hereditary, developmental, and acquired conditions and with the inclusion of neoplasms with cystic changes, over 40 classifications and subtypes have been identified. Depending on the disease classification, the presentation may be at birth, or much later into adult life. Cystic disease may involve one or both kidneys and may, or may not, occur in the presence of other anomalies. A higher incidence is found in males and prevalence increases with age. Renal cysts have been reported in more than 50% of patients over the age of 50. Typically, cysts grow up to 2.88 mm annually and may cause related pain and/or hemorrhage.
Of the cystic kidney diseases, the most common is polycystic kidney disease with two sub-types: the less prevalent autosomal recessive and more prevalent autosomal dominant. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is primarily diagnosed in infants and young children while autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is most often diagnosed in adulthood.
Another example of cystic kidney disease is Medullary sponge kidney.
Types
More cystic kidney diseases
Cystic kidney disease includes various conditions related to the formation of cysts in one or both kidneys. The most common subset is polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic anomaly with two subsets, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Consequently, cau
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified%20Sports%20Classification%20System%20of%20the%20USSR%20and%20Russia
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Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR () is a document which provided general Soviet physical education system requirements for both athletes and coaches.
Several Warsaw Pact states developed their own versions of the system. Russia, other post-Soviet republics, and allied states have continued their own versions of the system.
Athletes
The classification was established in 1935 and was based on separate classifications, which existed for several sports disciplines before. Starting in 1949, it was revised every four years, the period, which corresponded to the Olympic cycle, to reflect new standards for the physical training. The document contained test standards, principles and conditions, necessary for the conferment of sports ranks and titles, for all sports, cultivated in the USSR.
As of the 1970s, there were following ranks for athletes of the USSR (listed in descending order of value):
Merited Master of Sport of the USSR, (, abbreviated as "змс", sometimes translated as Honoured Master of Sport of the USSR), equates to international champion who has made valuable contributions to the sport
Master of Sport of the USSR, International Class (; abbreviated as "мсмк"), equates to international champion
Master of Sport of the USSR (; abbreviated as "мс"), equates to national champion
Candidate for Master of Sport of the USSR (; abbreviated as "кмс"), equates to nationally ranked player
First-Class Sportsman (), equates to regional champion
Second-Class Sportsman
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verna%20Fields
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Verna Fields (née Hellman; March 21, 1918 – November 30, 1982) was an American film editor, film and television sound editor, educator, and entertainment industry executive. In the first phase of her career, from 1954 through to about 1970, Fields mostly worked on smaller projects that gained little recognition. She was the sound editor for several television shows in the 1950s. She worked on independent films including The Savage Eye (1959), on government-supported documentaries of the 1960s, and on some minor studio films such as Peter Bogdanovich's first film, Targets (1968). For several years in the late 1960s, she was a film instructor at the University of Southern California. Her one major studio film, El Cid (1961), led to her only industry recognition in this phase of her career, which was the 1962 Golden Reel award for sound editing.
Fields came into prominence as a film editor and industry executive during the 'New Hollywood' era (1968–1982). She had established close ties with the directors Peter Bogdanovich, George Lucas, and Steven Spielberg early in their careers, and became known as their "mother cutter"; the term "cutter" is an informal variation of "film editor". The critical and commercial success of the films What's Up, Doc? (1972), American Graffiti (1973), and Jaws (1975) brought Fields a level of recognition that was unique among film editors at the time. Jaws in particular was enormously and unexpectedly profitable, and ushered in the era of the "summe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite%20%28disambiguation%29
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Dendrite derives from the Greek word "dendron" meaning ( "tree-like"), and may refer to:
Biology
Dendrite, a branched projection of a neuron
Dendrite (non-neuronal), branching projections of certain skin cells and immune cells
Physical
Dendrite (metal), a characteristic tree-like structure of crystals growing as molten metal freezes
Dendrite (mathematics), a locally connected continuum that contains no simple closed curves
Dendrite (crystal), a crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching tree-like form
Dendrimer, a repetitively branched molecule
Software
Dendrite (matrix), a server for the matrix protocol written in Go
Brand
Dendrite (adhesive), a brand of contact cement from India and South Asia
See also
Dendroid (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal%20rule
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In calculus, the reciprocal rule gives the derivative of the reciprocal of a function f in terms of the derivative of f. The reciprocal rule can be used to show that the power rule holds for negative exponents if it has already been established for positive exponents. Also, one can readily deduce the quotient rule from the reciprocal rule and the product rule.
The reciprocal rule states that if f is differentiable at a point x and f(x) ≠ 0 then g(x) = 1/f(x) is also differentiable at x and
Proof
This proof relies on the premise that is differentiable at and on the theorem that is then also necessarily continuous there. Applying the definition of the derivative of at with gives
The limit of this product exists and is equal to the product of the existing limits of its factors:
Because of the differentiability of at the first limit equals and because of and the continuity of at the second limit thus yielding
A weak reciprocal rule that follows algebraically from the product rule
It may be argued that since
an application of the product rule says that
and this may be algebraically rearranged to say
However, this fails to prove that 1/f is differentiable at x; it is valid only when differentiability of 1/f at x is already established. In that way, it is a weaker result than the reciprocal rule proved above. However, in the context of differential algebra, in which there is nothing that is not differentiable and in which derivatives are not defined by limit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz%20F-Cell
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The F-Cell is a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle developed by Daimler AG. Two different versions are known - the previous version was based on the Mercedes-Benz A-Class, and the new model is based on the Mercedes-Benz B-Class. The first generation F-Cell was introduced in 2002, and had a range of , with a top speed of . The current B-Class F-CELL has a more powerful electric motor rated at , and a range of about . This improvement in range is due in part to the B-Class's greater space for holding tanks of compressed hydrogen, higher storage pressure, as well as fuel cell technology advances. Both cars have made use of a "sandwich" design concept, aimed at maximizing room for both passengers and the propulsion components. The fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), designed by the Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) Corporation.
There are 60 F-Cell vehicles leased to customers in the USA, Europe, Singapore and Japan.
Production
In December 2010, began its B-Class based F-Cell lease program with the first delivery to Vince Van Patten, with a further 69 to be on the roads in California by 2010.
Hydrogen storage
The 350 Bar (5000 PSI) hydrogen tanks for hydrogen storage contain enough fuel for a drive. Using 700 Bar (10000 PSI) tanks the range is extended 70% to .
Notable publicity
On May 23, 2006, Daimler announced that its fuel cell vehicle fleets had achieved a combined mileage of over 2 million kilometers (1.24 million miles).
On May 31, 2006,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Danmark%20Rundt
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The 2005 Danmark Rundt was ridden from 3 August to 7 August 2005. This edition is remembered for the complete dominance of Ivan Basso, who won 4 of the 6 stages, and the overall classification. It was the 15th edition of the men's stage race, which was established in 1985.
Stages
The total length of the race was 848.8 km.
Stage 1: Skive – Skive (210 km)
Stage 2: Viborg – Århus (185 km)
Stage 3: Århus – Vejle (185 km)
Stage 4: Assens – Odense (90 km)
Stage 5: Nyborg (13.8 km, ITT)
Stage 6: Slagelse – Frederiksberg (165 km)
Final classifications
Overall classement (yellow jersey)
Ivan Basso's average speed for the race was 42.489 km/h.
Point classement (purple jersey)
Hill classement (red-dotted jersey)
Youth classement (white jersey)
Team classement
Fighter classement
References
cyclingnews
2005
Danmark Rundt
Danmark Rundt, 2005
August 2005 sports events in Europe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20dynamic%20recrystallization
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Geometric Dynamic Recrystallization (GDR) is a recrystallization mechanism that has been proposed to occur in several alloys, particularly aluminium, at high temperatures and low strain rates. It is a variant of dynamic recrystallization.
The basic mechanism is that during deformation the grains will be increasingly flattened until the boundaries on each side are separated by only a small distance. The deformation is accompanied by the serration of the grain boundaries due to surface tension effects where they are in contact with low-angle grain boundaries belonging to sub-grains.
Eventually the points of the serrations will come into contact. Since the contacting boundaries are defects of opposite 'sign' they are able to annihilate and so reduce the total energy in the system. In effect the grain will pinch in two new grains.
The grain size is known to decrease as the applied stress is increased. However, high stresses require a high strain rate and at some point statically recrystallized grains will begin to nucleate and consume the GDRX microstructure.
There are features that are unique to GDRX:
The recrystallisation spreads throughout the specimen over a strain range (0.5-1 in Al-Mg-Mn alloys) without any change in flow stress. This is in contrast to discontinuous mechanisms where the flow stress normally decreases by ~25% as the recrystallized grains form.
GDRX results in grains that are around 3 times the sub-grain size. Statically recrystallized grains are norma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Moir
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Richard Moir (born 1950) is an Australian former actor and editor. He is known for many Australian film roles and in the TV soap opera Prisoner (also known as Prisoner: Cell Block H) as the original character of electrician Eddie Cook. He is also well known for playing "Dad" Tony Twist in the children's comedy Round the Twist.
Personal life
In 1990, Moir was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the degenerative effects of which gradually brought his acting career to a premature end. Moir later underwent deep brain stimulation therapy, a process covered by the 2006 documentary The Bridge At Midnight Trembles.
He was married to Julie Nihill, and they have two daughters.
Filmography
Film
27A (1974) Richard
In Search of Anna (1978) Tony
The Odd Angry Shot (1979) Medic
The Chain Reaction (1980) Jr. Const. Pigott
Heatwave (1982) Stephen West
Sweet Dreamers (1982) Will Daniels
Running On Empty (1982) Fox
Going Down (1982) Hotel night manager
The Plains of Heaven (1982) Barker
With Prejudice (1983) Middleton
Wrong World (1985) David Trueman
An Indecent Obsession (1985) Luce Daggett
The Long Way Home (1985, TV Movie) Bob
Jilted (1987) Al
Minnamurra (1989) Bill Thompson
Isabelle Eberhardt (1991) Lt. Comte
Deadly (1991) Willie the Pathologist
Welcome to Woop Woop (1997) Reggie
Joey (1997) School Teacher
Television
The Restless Years (1978) Curley
Prisoner (part of the original cast in 1979) Eddie Cook
Players in the Gallery (1980, TV movie) David
Bellamy (1981)
1915 (1982) Rev. Fox
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain%20growth
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In materials science, grain growth is the increase in size of grains (crystallites) in a material at high temperature. This occurs when recovery and recrystallisation are complete and further reduction in the internal energy can only be achieved by reducing the total area of grain boundary. The term is commonly used in metallurgy but is also used in reference to ceramics and minerals. The behaviors of grain growth is analogous to the coarsening behaviors of grains, which implied that both of grain growth and coarsening may be dominated by the same physical mechanism.
Importance of grain growth
The practical performances of polycrystalline materials are strongly affected by the formed microstructure inside, which is mostly dominated by grain growth behaviors. For example, most materials exhibit the Hall–Petch effect at room-temperature and so display a higher yield stress when the grain size is reduced (assuming abnormal grain growth has not taken place). At high temperatures the opposite is true since the open, disordered nature of grain boundaries means that vacancies can diffuse more rapidly down boundaries leading to more rapid Coble creep. Since boundaries are regions of high energy they make excellent sites for the nucleation of precipitates and other second-phases e.g. Mg–Si–Cu phases in some aluminium alloys or martensite platlets in steel. Depending on the second phase in question this may have positive or negative effects.
Rules of grain growth
Grain growth has lon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferganocephale
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Ferganocephale is a dubious genus of neornithischian dinosaur. It was from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita of Kyrgyzstan. The type and only species is F. adenticulatum.
Classification
Ferganocephale was originally classified in the group Pachycephalosauridae. It would then be one of the oldest known pachycephalosaurids. Robert M. Sullivan however, in 2006 disputed the pachycephalosaur classification, finding "few of the features [...] are characteristic of pachycephalosaur teeth," citing the lack of serrations on the teeth, and concludes the specimens are "too incomplete for identification". He considers the taxon a nomen dubium, and a non-pachycephalosaurid ornithischian.
Discovery and naming
The type species, Ferganocephale adenticulatum, was first described by Averianov, Martin, and Bakirov in 2005, and is based solely on teeth from the Balabansai Svita in Fergana Valley, Kyrgyzstan, dating to the Callovian. The holotype is ZIN PH 34/42, an adult unworn tooth. The type species is Ferganocephale adenticulatum. The genus name combines the name of location it was found with the Greek kephale, "head", a reference to the presumed pachycephalosaurian affinities. The specific name means "without tooth serrations".
See also
Timeline of pachycephalosaur research
References
Ornithischian genera
Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Fossils of Kyrgyzstan
Fossil taxa described in 2005
Nomina dubia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20motor%20nucleus
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The trigeminal motor nucleus contains motor neurons that innervate muscles of the first branchial arch, namely the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric. It is situated in the upper pons, inferior to the lateral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle.
Lesion
The trigeminal motor nucleus forms the efferent pathway of the jaw jerk reflex. Since the axons involved in this reflex do not decussate, a lesion involving the trigeminal motor nucleus would cause ipsilateral hemiparesis.
References
External links
Washington University
Cranial nerve nuclei
Trigeminal nerve
Pons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor%20X%20deficiency
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Factor X deficiency (X as Roman numeral ten) is a bleeding disorder characterized by a lack in the production of factor X (FX), an enzyme protein that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade. Produced in the liver FX when activated cleaves prothrombin to generate thrombin in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. This process is vitamin K dependent and enhanced by activated factor V.
The condition may be inherited or, more commonly, acquired.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms may differ greatly, as apparently modifiers control to some degree the amount of FX that is produced. Some affected individuals have few or no symptoms while others may experience life-threatening bleeding. Typically this bleeding disorder manifests itself as a tendency to easy bruising, nose bleeding, heavy and prolonged menstruation and bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth, and excessive bleeding after dental or surgical interventions. Newborns may bleed in the head, from the umbilicus, or excessively after circumcision. Other bleeding can be encountered in muscles or joints, brain, gut, or urine
While in congenital disease symptoms may be present at birth or show up later, in patients with acquired FX deficiency symptoms typically show up in later life.
Causes
Inherited or congenital FX deficiency is passed on by autosomal recessive inheritance. A person needs to inherit a defective gene from both parents. People who have only one defective gene usually do not exhibit the disease, but can
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitudinal%20gradients%20in%20species%20diversity
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Species richness, or biodiversity, increases from the poles to the tropics for a wide variety of terrestrial and marine organisms, often referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient. The latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology. It has been observed to varying degrees in Earth's past. A parallel trend has been found with elevation (elevational diversity gradient), though this is less well-studied.
Explaining the latitudinal diversity gradient has been called one of the great contemporary challenges of biogeography and macroecology (Willig et al. 2003, Pimm and Brown 2004, Cardillo et al. 2005). The question "What determines patterns of species diversity?" was among the 25 key research themes for the future identified in 125th Anniversary issue of Science (July 2005). There is a lack of consensus among ecologists about the mechanisms underlying the pattern, and many hypotheses have been proposed and debated. A recent review noted that among the many conundrums associated with the latitudinal diversity gradient (or latitudinal biodiversity gradient) the causal relationship between rates of molecular evolution and speciation has yet to be demonstrated.
Understanding the global distribution of biodiversity is one of the most significant objectives for ecologists and biogeographers. Beyond purely scientific goals and satisfying curiosity, this understanding is essential for applied issues of major concern to humankind, such a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor%20VII%20deficiency
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Factor VII deficiency is a bleeding disorder characterized by a lack in the production of Factor VII (FVII) (proconvertin), a protein that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade. After a trauma factor VII initiates the process of coagulation in conjunction with tissue factor (TF/factor III) in the extrinsic pathway.
The condition may be inherited or acquired. It is the most common of the rare congenital coagulation disorders.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms may differ greatly, as apparently modifiers control to some degree the amount of FVII that is produced. Some affected individuals have few or no symptoms while others may experience life-threatening bleeding. Typically this bleeding disorder manifests itself as a tendency to easy bruising, nose bleeding, heavy and prolonged menstruation, and excessive bleeding after dental or surgical interventions. Newborns may bleed in the head, from the umbilicus, or excessively after circumcision. Other bleeding can be encountered in the gut, in muscles or joints, or the brain. Hematuria may occur.
While in congenital disease symptoms may be present at birth or show up later, in patients with acquired FVII deficiency symptoms typically show up in later life.
About 3-4% of patients with FVII deficiency may also experience thrombotic episodes.
Causes
Inherited or congenital FVII deficiency is passed on by autosomal recessive inheritance. A person needs to inherit a defective gene from both parents. People who have only one de
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20N.%20Hall
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Robert Noel Hall (December 25, 1919 – November 7, 2016) was an American engineer and applied physicist. He demonstrated the first semiconductor laser and invented a type of magnetron commonly used in microwave ovens. He also contributed to the development of rectifiers for power transmission.
Biography
Robert N. Hall was born on December 25, 1919, in New Haven, Connecticut. He was first inspired by his inventor uncle, who showed him the wonders of small inventions and experimentation. After long studies at his local library, Hall decided to attempt controlled experiments of his own with his mother's approval. He built an 8-inch telescope, which produced a close-up view of Saturn. Later on, an interviewer from the California Institute of Technology visited him and offered a scholarship to attend the university. Hall studied there for three years but had to leave for financial reasons. After working at Lockheed Aircraft as a tester, he returned to Caltech to finish up his studies and obtain his physics degree. Then General Electric hired him as a test engineer at Schenectady, NY. After four years at G.E., under the advice of Harper North, Hall obtained a Research Council Fellowship and returned to Caltech. He graduated in 1948 with his Ph.D. and returned to G.E. Schenectady research labs that summer.
While at G.E. during World War II, he developed a magnetron for radar jamming, which led to the development of the microwave oven.
While studying the characteristics of p-i-n di
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin%20receptor%201B
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Vasopressin V1b receptor (V1BR) also known as vasopressin 3 receptor (VPR3) or antidiuretic hormone receptor 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AVPR1B (arginine vasopressin receptor 1B) gene.
V1BR acts as a receptor for vasopressin. AVPR1B belongs to the subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. It is a major contributor to homeostasis and the control of water, glucose, and salts in the blood. Arginine vasopressin has four receptors, each of which are located in different tissues and have specific functions. AVPR1b is a G protein-coupled pituitary receptor that has only recently been characterized because of its rarity.
It has been found that the 420-amino-acid sequence of the AVPR1B receptor shared the most overall similarities with the AVP1A, AVP2 and oxytocin receptors. AVPR1B maps to chromosome region 1q32 and is a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin family subfamily.
Tissue distribution
AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release. Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain and some peripheral tissues.
Clinical significance
Behavioral
Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice. Defensive behaviour and predatory behav
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin%20receptor%202
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Vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R), or arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (officially called AVPR2), is a protein that acts as receptor for vasopressin. AVPR2 belongs to the subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by the Gs type of G proteins, which stimulate adenylate cyclase.
AVPR2 is expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the membrane of cells of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer, the last two being associated with alternative splicing. AVPR2 is also expressed outside the kidney in vascular endothelium. Stimulation causes the release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII from the endothelial cells. Because von Willebrand factor helps stabilize circulating levels of factor VIII, the vasopressin analog desmopressin can be used to stimulate the AVPR2 receptor and increase levels of circulating factor VIII. This is useful in the treatment of hemophilia A as well as Von Willebrand disease.
In the kidney, AVPR2's primary property is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) results.
Antagonists
Vasopressin receptor antagonists that are selective for the V2 receptor include:
Tolvaptan (FDA-approved)
Lixivaptan
Mozavaptan
Satavaptan
Their main uses are in hyponatremia, such as that caused by syndrome of inapprop
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20issues%20in%20Turkey
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Turkey hosts more than three thousand endemic plant species, has high diversity of other taxa, and is almost entirely covered by three of the world's thirty-five biodiversity hotspots. Although some environmental pressures have been decoupled from economic growth the environment still faces many threats, such as coal and diesel fuel emitting greenhouse gases and deadly fine particulate air pollution. there is no fine particulate limit and coal in Turkey is subsidized. Some say the country is a pollution haven.
Issues
Conservation of biodiversity
The wildlife of Turkey is diverse, due to its wide variety of habitats and unique position between three continents and three seas. "Ill-considered development projects are threatening biodiversity, but a new wildlife corridor offers hope for further conservation progress." Turkish montane forests face major threats to their genetic diversity associated with over-exploitation, forest fragmentation, air pollution, and global climatic change.
The European Environment Agency has identified three biogeographic regions in Turkey, the Black Sea, Mediterranean and Anatolian regions, which should be protected under the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, to which Turkey is signatory.
Forest in Turkey had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.39/10, ranking it 75th globally out of 172 countries.
Air pollution
Air pollution is particularly significant in urban areas; the prob
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36%20Chowringhee%20Lane
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36 Chowringhee Lane is a 1981 film written and directed by Aparna Sen and produced by Shashi Kapoor. It marked the directorial debut of Sen, who had until then been known as a leading actress of Bengali cinema. The film was very well received upon release. It stars Jennifer Kendal in a critically acclaimed role, along with Dhritiman Chatterjee and Debashree Roy.
Plot
In post-independence India an Anglo-Indian teacher, Violet Stoneham (Jennifer Kendal), lives a quiet and uneventful life at 36 Chowringhee Lane in Calcutta, now Kolkata. Her brother Eddie (Geoffrey Kendal, Jennifer's father in real life) is senile and ailing in a nursing home. After the marriage of her niece Rosemary (Soni Razdan), she is alone except for her cat, Sir Toby. Her only joy in life is teaching Shakespeare, despite the lack of interest from her students.
Returning home from church on a Christmas Day, Violet runs into a former student, Nandita (Debashree Roy), and her author-boyfriend Samaresh (Dhritiman Chatterjee), and invites them over for coffee. They accept her invitation after some hesitation. However, they quickly realize that Violet's apartment would be convenient for their tête-à-têtes while she is at work. When Samaresh requests the use of Violet's apartment during school hours, saying he would like to work on his novel, she agrees. For some time, this arrangement works to the benefit of all. Samaresh and Nandita get the privacy they seek, and Violet has company when she returns home from w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verna%20Bloom
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Verna Frances Bloom (August 7, 1938 – January 9, 2019) was an American actress.
Career
On Broadway, Bloom portrayed Charlotte Corday in The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum of Charenton Under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade (1967) and Blanche Morton in Brighton Beach Memoirs (1983). She made her film debut in Medium Cool, and then co-starred in Clint Eastwood's 1973 film, High Plains Drifter and in the 1974 made-for-TV movie Where Have All The People Gone? with Peter Graves and Kathleen Quinlan. Bloom also had roles in more than 30 films and television episodes beginning the 1960s, including playing Mary, mother of Jesus, in The Last Temptation of Christ in 1988 and Marion Wormer in Animal House in 1978.
Personal life and death
Bloom was born in Lynn, Massachusetts, and attended the School of Fine Arts at Boston University, graduating with a BFA in 1959. She also studied at the HB Studio in New York City.
Bloom married Richard Collier, but they separated by 1969. They began the Trident Theater in Denver Colorado, which operated from 1963 to 1965. In 1972 she married film critic Jay Cocks. They had a son, Sam, born in 1981. The couple remained married until her death.
Bloom died aged 80 on January 9, 2019, in Bar Harbor, Maine, from complications of dementia.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1938 births
2019 deaths
Actresses from Massachusetts
American film actresses
Jewish Ame
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