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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat-tailed%20distribution
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A fat-tailed distribution is a probability distribution that exhibits a large skewness or kurtosis, relative to that of either a normal distribution or an exponential distribution. In common usage, the terms fat-tailed and heavy-tailed are sometimes synonymous; fat-tailed is sometimes also defined as a subset of heavy-tailed. Different research communities favor one or the other largely for historical reasons, and may have differences in the precise definition of either.
Fat-tailed distributions have been empirically encountered in a variety of areas: physics, earth sciences, economics and political science. The class of fat-tailed distributions includes those whose tails decay like a power law, which is a common point of reference in their use in the scientific literature. However, fat-tailed distributions also include other slowly-decaying distributions, such as the log-normal.
The extreme case: a power-law distribution
The most extreme case of a fat tail is given by a distribution whose tail decays like a power law.
That is, if the complementary cumulative distribution of a random variable X can be expressed as
then the distribution is said to have a fat tail if . For such values the variance and the skewness of the tail are mathematically undefined (a special property of the power-law distribution), and hence larger than any normal or exponential distribution. For values of , the claim of a fat tail is more ambiguous, because in this parameter range, the variance, s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20backscattering
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Neutron backscattering is one of several inelastic neutron scattering techniques. Backscattering from monochromator and analyzer crystals is used to achieve an energy resolution in the order of μeV. Neutron backscattering experiments are performed to study atomic or molecular motion on a nanosecond time scale.
History
Neutron backscattering was proposed by Heinz Maier-Leibnitz in 1966, and realized by some of his students in a test setup at the research reactor FRM I in Garching bei München, Germany. Following this successful demonstration of principle, permanent spectrometers were built at Forschungszentrum Jülich and at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). Later instruments brought an extension of the accessible momentum transfer range (IN13 at ILL), the introduction of focussing optics (IN16 at ILL), and a further increase of intensity by a compact design with a phase-space transform chopper (HFBS at NIST, SPHERES at FRM II, IN16B at the Institut Laue-Langevin).
Backscattering spectrometers
Operational backscattering spectrometers at reactors include IN10, IN13, and IN16B at the Institut Laue-Langevin, the High Flux Backscattering Spectrometer (HFBS) at the NIST Center for Neutron Research,
the SPHERES] instrument of Forschungszentrum Jülich at FRM II
and EMU at ANSTO.
Inverse geometry spectrometers
Inverse geometry spectrometers at spallation sources include IRIS and OSIRIS at the ISIS neutron source at Rutherford-Appleton, BASIS at the Spallation Neutron Source, and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth%20expansion
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Bandwidth expansion is a technique for widening the bandwidth or the resonances in an LPC filter. This is done by moving all the poles towards the origin by a constant factor . The bandwidth-expanded filter can be easily derived from the original filter by:
Let be expressed as:
The bandwidth-expanded filter can be expressed as:
In other words, each coefficient in the original filter is simply multiplied by in the bandwidth-expanded filter. The simplicity of this transformation makes it attractive, especially in CELP coding of speech, where it is often used for the perceptual noise weighting and/or to stabilize the LPC analysis. However, when it comes to stabilizing the LPC analysis, lag windowing is often preferred to bandwidth expansion.
References
P. Kabal, "Ill-Conditioning and Bandwidth Expansion in Linear Prediction of Speech", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, pp. I-824-I-827, 2003.
Signal processing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halpern%E2%80%93L%C3%A4uchli%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Halpern–Läuchli theorem is a partition result about finite products of infinite trees. Its original purpose was to give a model for set theory in which the Boolean prime ideal theorem is true but the axiom of choice is false. It is often called the Halpern–Läuchli theorem, but the proper attribution for the theorem as it is formulated below is to Halpern–Läuchli–Laver–Pincus or HLLP (named after James D. Halpern, Hans Läuchli, Richard Laver, and David Pincus), following .
Let d,r < ω, be a sequence of finitely splitting trees of height ω. Let
then there exists a sequence of subtrees strongly embedded in such that
Alternatively, let
and
.
The HLLP theorem says that not only is the collection partition regular for each d < ω, but that the homogeneous subtree guaranteed by the theorem is strongly embedded in
References
Ramsey theory
Theorems in the foundations of mathematics
Trees (set theory)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Michael%20Gartler
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Stanley Michael Gartler (born June 9, 1923) is an American cell and molecular biologist and human geneticist. He was the first scientist to offer conclusive evidence for the clonality of human cancers. He showed that HeLa cells had contaminated many cell lines thought to be unique. Stanley Gartler is currently Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Genome Sciences at the University of Washington.
Biography
Gartler was born in Los Angeles, California in 1923 of Romanian immigrant parents George Gartler and Delvira Kupferberg. Gartler's sister, Adeline Gartler, was born on September 26, 1921.
Gartler attended public school in Los Angeles and completed two years at university (UCLA) before enlisting in the Army Air Force during World War II. He served as a radio operator and machine gunner on a B-26, and flew combat missions with the 9th Air Force. After the war, on the G.I. Bill, he completed his undergraduate education at UCLA in agriculture. He met his future wife, Marion Mitchelson, at a New Year’s Eve party in 1947 and the two were married in November 1948. After spending a year working on a farm in the San Juaquin Valley, Gartler entered the Ph.D. program in Genetics at UC Berkeley in 1949. He originally intended to apply genetics for agricultural uses, but near the end of his graduate work, he made a career switch and decided to enter the field of human genetics after enrolling in a course taught by Curt Stern.
In 1952 Gartler began a public health postdoctoral fellowship
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyronamine
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Thyronamine refers both to a molecule, and to derivatives of that molecule: a family of decarboxylated and deiodinated metabolites of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3).
Types
The group includes:
Thyronamine (T0AM)
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM), which is the most notable one as it is a trace amine found in the nervous system. It is a possible candidate for the natural ligand of the trace amine-associated receptor TAAR1 (TAR1), an intracellular G protein-coupled receptor
3,5-Diiodothyronamine (T2AM)
3,5,3'-Triiodothyronamine (T3AM)
See also
Trace amines
Thyroid hormone
References
Biogenic amines
Phenethylamines
Phenols
Thyroid
TAAR1 agonists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineal%20hernia
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Perineal hernia is a hernia involving the perineum (pelvic floor). The hernia may contain fluid, fat, any part of the intestine, the rectum, or the bladder. It is known to occur in humans, dogs, and other mammals, and often appears as a sudden swelling to one side (sometimes both sides) of the anus.
A common cause of perineal hernia is surgery involving the perineum. Perineal hernia can be caused also by excessive straining to defecate. Atrophy of the levator ani muscle and disease of the pudendal nerve may also contribute to a perineal hernia.
In humans
In humans, a major cause of perineal hernia is perineal surgery without adequate reconstruction. In some cases, particularly surgeries to remove the coccyx and distal sacrum, adequate reconstruction is very difficult to achieve. The posterior perineum is a preferred point of access for surgery in the pelvic cavity, particularly in the presacral space. Surgeries here include repair of rectal prolapse and anterior meningocele, radical perineal prostatectomy, removal of tumors including sacrococcygeal teratoma, and coccygectomy. Perineal hernia is a common complication of coccygectomy in adults, but not in infants and children (see coccygectomy).
The standard surgical technique for repair of perineal hernia uses a prosthetic mesh, but this technique has a high rate of failure due to insufficient anchoring. Promising techniques to reduce the rate of failure include an orthopedic anchoring system, a gluteus maximus muscle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20Creek%2C%20South%20Australia
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Dry Creek is a mostly industrial suburb north of Adelaide, containing significant wetlands. A substantial area was devoted to salt crystallisation pans until 2014, with plans to redevelop the site for housing.
This housing plan, first put forward in 2008, was revived in 2013, for a proposed 10,000 homes. Salt production ceased in 2014, and in 2016 Ridley Corporation, which managed the salt pans, sold the land to Adelaide Resource Recovery.
Description
It is named for the Dry Creek, a stream and drain which flows through the suburb and into Swan Alley, a tidal distributary of Barker Inlet, Gulf St Vincent.
It was the site of the soapworks of W. H. Burford & Sons from 1923 (adjacent to the Dry Creek railway station, and formerly used for smelting ore from Broken Hill) and a pioneering "garden suburb" for its employees, designed by W. J. Earle (who also laid out Cadbury's model town at Claremont, Tasmania). The name Burford Gardens has vanished, but its streets remain: Flame Avenue, Gum Avenue, Wattle Avenue, Grevillea Avenue and Bushwood Avenue.
The buildings of the former Dry Creek explosives depot, now State heritage-listed, are on Magazine Road between the Salisbury Highway South Road Connector and the salt pans.
Wetlands
The Dry Creek wetlands are composed of many separate sections running from the eastern edge of the suburb to the sea outlet of Dry Creek. They form part of the storm water management system for the City of Salisbury and the City of Port Adelaide Enfie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursting
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Bursting, or burst firing, is an extremely diverse general phenomenon of the activation patterns of neurons in the central nervous system and spinal cord where periods of rapid action potential spiking are followed by quiescent periods much longer than typical inter-spike intervals. Bursting is thought to be important in the operation of robust central pattern generators, the transmission of neural codes, and some neuropathologies such as epilepsy. The study of bursting both directly and in how it takes part in other neural phenomena has been very popular since the beginnings of cellular neuroscience and is closely tied to the fields of neural synchronization, neural coding, plasticity, and attention.
Observed bursts are named by the number of discrete action potentials they are composed of: a doublet is a two-spike burst, a triplet three and a quadruplet four. Neurons that are intrinsically prone to bursting behavior are referred to as bursters and this tendency to burst may be a product of the environment or the phenotype of the cell.
Physiological context
Overview
Neurons typically operate by firing single action potential spikes in relative isolation as discrete input postsynaptic potentials combine and drive the membrane potential across the threshold. Bursting can instead occur for many reasons, but neurons can be generally grouped as exhibiting input-driven or intrinsic bursting. Most cells will exhibit bursting if they are driven by a constant, subthreshold input a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telokin
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Telokin (also known as kinase-related protein or KRP) is an abundant protein found in smooth-muscle. It is identical to the C-terminus of myosin light-chain kinase. Telokin may play a role in the stabilization of unphosphorylated smooth-muscle myosin filaments. Because of its origin as the C-terminal end of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase, it is called "telokin" (from a combination of the Greek telos, "end" and kinase).
Nomenclature and classification
Telokin's systematic name is ATP:[myosin light chain] O-phosphotransferase and its recommended name is myosin-light-chain kinase. ().
The gene MYLK, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. Four transcript variants that produce four isoforms of the calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme have been identified as well as two transcripts that produce two isoforms of telokin. The two transcripts that produce the two telokin isoforms are the following:
Isoform 7 This variant encodes the shorter isoform of kinase related protein, telokin. The first exon corresponds to intron 30 and the remainder of the transcript corresponds to the last two exons of the gene. It is shorter than variant 8 by one codon at the splicing junction between the first two exons. It is made by 153 aa. NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_444259.1. It comes from the Homo sapiens myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), transcript variant 7, mRNA, whose length is 2676 bp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B6ger%E2%80%93Vink%20notation
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Kröger–Vink notation is a set of conventions that are used to describe electric charges and lattice positions of point defect species in crystals. It is primarily used for ionic crystals and is particularly useful for describing various defect reactions. It was proposed by and .
Notation
The notation follows the scheme:
M
M corresponds to the species. These can be
atoms – e.g., Si, Ni, O, Cl,
vacancies – V or v (since V is also the symbol for vanadium)
interstitials – i (although this is usually used to describe lattice site, not species)
electrons – e
electron holes – h
S indicates the lattice site that the species occupies. For instance, Ni might occupy a Cu site. In this case, M would be replaced by Ni and S would be replaced by Cu. The site may also be a lattice interstice, in this case, the symbol "i" is used. A cation site can be represented by the symbols C or M (for metal), and an anion site can be represented by either an A or X.
C corresponds to the electronic charge of the species relative to the site that it occupies. The charge of the species is calculated by the charge on the current site minus the charge on the original site. To continue the previous example, Ni often has the same valency as Cu, so the relative charge is zero. To indicate a null charge, × is used. A single • indicates a net single positive charge, while two would represent two net positive charges. Finally, signifies a net single negative charge, so two would indicate a net double negative
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lowe
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Yan-Kay Crystal Lowe (born Yan-Kay Lo; January 20, 1981) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her scream queen roles in horror films such as Children of the Corn: Revelation (2001), Final Destination 3 (2006), Black Christmas (2006), and Wrong Turn 2: Dead End (2007). She played Rita Haywith in Hallmark Channel's television and television film series Signed, Sealed, Delivered (2013–2021).
Early life
Lowe was born Yan-Kay Lo (Chinese: 羅艷琪, Yale: Lòh Yihm Kèih) in Vancouver, British Columbia to a Scottish mother and Chinese father from Hong Kong. When she was young her father moved back to Hong Kong with his family, where they lived for several years. In an interview in 2016, Lowe said that she had wanted to be an actress since the age of five.
Career
Lowe started her career as a model. Her first acting role was at age 15 as Nya on an episode of Stargate SG-1. Lowe went on to guest star in several popular television shows like Masters of Horror, Psych, Supernatural, Stargate: Atlantis, The L Word, plus many more.
Lowe's first film role came in 2000 when she was cast in the film Get Carter. Soon after she was cast as Tiffany in the horror film Children of the Corn: Revelation. In 2006, Lowe was cast as Ashlyn Halperin in Final Destination 3. Her next role was as Lauren in the remake of Black Christmas. Lowe later went on to star as Elena in Wrong Turn 2: Dead End.
Lowe went on to do cameo roles in the films Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer and Good Luck Chuck. I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bzyb%20%28river%29
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The Bzyb or Bzipi ( or ; ; ; ) is one of the two largest rivers of Abkhazia, along with the Kodori, and the twelfth longest river in Georgia. The river valley has rich biodiversity of herbaceous garden plants, particularly in the gorge section in the upper reaches where the most prominent and colourful bellflower with profuse growth of 100 flowers per plant is given the name, the "Queen of the Abkhazian flora". During 1904-1917 it served as the border between Russian Empire's Sukhumi Okrug and Black Sea Governorate.
Etymology
It is significant, that "Bzipi" is a comparatively new name of the river. Until the 1820s it was called "Kapoetis Tskali" (literally meaning "Water of Kapoeti"). This is a Georgian name and comes from the name of the fish "Kapoeti". Fish Kapoeti belongs to the trout-salmon family. This large variety of trout dwells in this river. It has also been said that "Bzyp" is associated with the Georgian name for the box tree (pussy-willow) plant - ბზა (Bza). The main river of Abkhazia flowing near the box-trees or the gorge of Bzyp is called box-tree or Bzipi.
Geography
The Bzyb basin located in the zone of humid subtropics of the Caucasus Mountains. The Bzyb is first among Abkhazia's rivers with respect to length,, and second after the Kodori with respect to average annual discharge, and drainage basin area, . At its entrance in the mouth of the Black Sea it splits into two estuary channels.
Clays, marls, dolomites, and sandstones are encountered at the riv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekman%20layer
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The Ekman layer is the layer in a fluid where there is a force balance between pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and turbulent drag. It was first described by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Ekman layers occur both in the atmosphere and in the ocean.
There are two types of Ekman layers. The first type occurs at the surface of the ocean and is forced by surface winds, which act as a drag on the surface of the ocean. The second type occurs at the bottom of the atmosphere and ocean, where frictional forces are associated with flow over rough surfaces.
History
Ekman developed the theory of the Ekman layer after Fridtjof Nansen observed that ice drifts at an angle of 20°–40° to the right of the prevailing wind direction while on an Arctic expedition aboard the Fram. Nansen asked his colleague, Vilhelm Bjerknes to set one of his students upon study of the problem. Bjerknes tapped Ekman, who presented his results in 1902 as his doctoral thesis.
Mathematical formulation
The mathematical formulation of the Ekman layer begins by assuming a neutrally stratified fluid, a balance between the forces of pressure gradient, Coriolis and turbulent drag.
where and are the velocities in the and directions, respectively, is the local Coriolis parameter, and is the diffusive eddy viscosity, which can be derived using mixing length theory. Note that is a modified pressure: we have incorporated the hydrostatic of the pressure, to take account of gravity.
There are many regions where an Ekman
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Radok
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Emil Radok (22 May 1918 in Koloděje nad Lužnicí – 7 January 1994 in Montreal) was a Czech film director. He was co-inventor of the multi-media show Laterna Magika, , which was a star attraction at the Czechoslovakia pavilion at Expo 67. In 1968 he left to exile to Canada and died there.
Probably Radok's most monumental project was the "kinetic mosaic" which he designed for the Universe of Energy pavilion at Walt Disney World's EPCOT Center theme park, which opened on 1 October 1982. Working with WED Enterprises (Walt Disney Imagineering), Radok created a pre-show film for the pavilion that was projected onto a 90-foot wide screen by five synchronized 35-mm projectors. The projection surface was composed of some 100 revolving prism-shaped modules arrayed in four horizontal rows, 25 modules in each row. Each module had two white projection surfaces and one matte black surface, each 3 ½ feet square. Each module revolved independently via its own interior servo-motor. Synchronized by computer, the modules could create one large flat screen, but were also programmed to revolve in a variety of displays, combining into patterns of triangular wedges, flat panels, and black panels, all of which was precisely coordinated with the changing film images. The rippling movement of the units gave a unique "third dimension" to the projection surface. The theater accommodated 500 spectators. Due to mechanical complications, the revolving screens were not operational until 1984, two yea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%E2%80%93Hopf%20method
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The Wiener–Hopf method is a mathematical technique widely used in applied mathematics. It was initially developed by Norbert Wiener and Eberhard Hopf as a method to solve systems of integral equations, but has found wider use in solving two-dimensional partial differential equations with mixed boundary conditions on the same boundary. In general, the method works by exploiting the complex-analytical properties of transformed functions. Typically, the standard Fourier transform is used, but examples exist using other transforms, such as the Mellin transform.
In general, the governing equations and boundary conditions are transformed and these transforms are used to define a pair of complex functions (typically denoted with '+' and '−' subscripts) which are respectively analytic in the upper and lower halves of the complex plane, and have growth no faster than polynomials in these regions. These two functions will also coincide on some region of the complex plane, typically, a thin strip containing the real line. Analytic continuation guarantees that these two functions define a single function analytic in the entire complex plane, and Liouville's theorem implies that this function is an unknown polynomial, which is often zero or constant. Analysis of the conditions at the edges and corners of the boundary allows one to determine the degree of this polynomial.
Wiener–Hopf decomposition
The key step in many Wiener–Hopf problems is to decompose an arbitrary function into t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drusen
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Drusen, from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The presence of a few small ("hard") drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. However, the presence of larger and more numerous drusen in the macula is a common early sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Classification
Drusen are associated with aging and macular degeneration are distinct from another clinical entity, optic disc drusen, which is present on the optic nerve head. Both age-related drusen and optic disc drusen can be observed by ophthalmoscopy. Optical coherence tomography scans of the orbits or head, calcification at the head of the optic nerve without change in size of globe strongly suggests drusen in a middle-age or elderly patient.
Whether drusen promote AMD or are symptomatic of an underlying process that causes both drusen and AMD is not known, but they are indicators of increased risk of the complications of AMD.
'Hard drusen' may coalesce into 'soft drusen' which is a manifestation of macular degeneration.
Pathophysiology
Around 1850, three authors, Carl Wedl, Franciscus Donders, and Heinrich Müller, gave drusen different labels. Drusen, the hallmark of AMD, were first described in 1854 by Wedl. Wedl named them colloid bodies of the choroid and thought that they were incompletely d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20crime
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Environmental crime is an illegal act which directly harms the environment. These illegal activities involve the environment, wildlife, biodiversity and natural resources. International bodies such as, G7, Interpol, European Union, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, have recognised the following environmental crimes:
Wild life crime: Illegal wildlife trade in endangered species in contravention to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES);
Illegal mining: Smuggling of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in contravention to the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer;
Pollution crimes: Dumping and illicit trade in hazardous waste in contravention of the 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Other Wastes and their Disposal;
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in contravention to controls imposed by various regional fisheries management organisations;
Illegal logging and the associated trade in stolen timber in violation of national laws.
Environmental crime makes up almost a third of crimes committed by organizations such as; corporations, partnerships, unions, trusts, pension funds, and non-profits. It is the fourth largest criminal activity in the world and it is increasing by five to seven percent every year. These crimes are liable for prosecution. Interpol facilitates internati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20cities%20in%20Australia%20by%20population
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These lists of Australian cities by population provide rankings of Australian cities and towns according to various systems defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
The eight Greater Capital City Statistical Areas are listed for the state and territory capital cities. All Significant Urban Areas (SUA), representing urban agglomerations of over 10,000 population, are listed next. The fifty largest Urban Centres (built-up area) are then ranked and, lastly, the fifty largest Local Government Areas (the units of local government below the states and territories) are also ranked.
Greater capital city statistical areas by population
Each capital city forms its own Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA), which according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) represents a broad functional definition of each of the eight state and territory capital cities. In Australia, the population of the GCCSA is the most-often quoted figure for the population of capital cities. These units correspond broadly to the international concept of metropolitan areas.
Notes
Significant urban areas by population
The following table ranks the SUAs, including those of the capital cities (which are smaller than their respective GCCSAs, except for Canberra's, which includes adjacent Queanbeyan, in New South Wales). Capitals are in bold. Significant Urban Areas are defined to represent significant towns and cities, or agglomerations of smaller towns, that have at least 10,000 total popul
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cre-Lox%20recombination
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Cre-Lox recombination is a site-specific recombinase technology, used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions at specific sites in the DNA of cells. It allows the DNA modification to be targeted to a specific cell type or be triggered by a specific external stimulus. It is implemented both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. The Cre-lox recombination system has been particularly useful to help neuroscientists to study the brain in which complex cell types and neural circuits come together to generate cognition and behaviors. NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research has created several hundreds of Cre driver mouse lines which are currently used by the worldwide neuroscience community.
An important application of the Cre-lox system is excision of selectable markers in gene replacement. Commonly used gene replacement strategies introduce selectable markers into the genome to facilitate selection of genetic mutations that may cause growth retardation. However, marker expression can have polar effects on the expression of upstream and downstream genes. Removal of selectable markers from the genome by Cre-lox recombination is an elegant and efficient way to circumvent this problem and is therefore widely used in plants, mouse cell lines, yeast, etc.
The system consists of a single enzyme, Cre recombinase, that recombines a pair of short target sequences called the Lox sequences. This system can be implemented without inserting any extra supporting prot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20dosage
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Gene dosage is the number of copies of a particular gene present in a genome. Gene dosage is related to the amount of gene product (proteins or functional RNAs) the cell is able to express. Since a gene acts as a template, the number of templates in the cell contributes to the amount of gene product able to be produced. However, the amount of gene product produced in a cell is more commonly dependent on regulation of gene expression. The normal gene dosage is dependent on the species; humans generally have two doses -- one copy from the mother and one from the father. Changes in gene dosage can be a result of copy number variation (gene insertions or gene deletions), or aneuploidy (chromosome number abnormalities). These changes can have significant phenotypic consequences.
Ploidy
Ploidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell.
Humans typically have a gene dosage of two. Because they are diploid, they have two sets of 23 different chromosomes. The number of copies of chromosomes generally correlates to the number of copies of a gene present in the genome. For example, the gene that codes for the beta-subunit of hemoglobin (HBB) is located on chromosome 11. Humans have 2 copies of chromosome 11, so they have 2 copies of the HBB gene.
Because humans are diploid -- getting one copy of each chromosome from either their mother or father -- different alleles can be inherited. Gene dosage can be affected if you present with two different alleles. Such as
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrodermatitis%20enteropathica
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Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the uptake of zinc through the inner lining of the bowel, the mucous membrane. It is characterized by inflammation of the skin (dermatitis) around bodily openings (periorificial) and the tips of fingers and toes (acral), hair loss (alopecia), and diarrhea. It can also be related to deficiency of zinc due to other, i.e. congenital causes.
Other names for acrodermatitis enteropathica include Brandt syndrome and Danbolt–Cross syndrome.
Signs and symptoms
Individuals with acrodermatitis enteropathica may present with the following:
Blistering of skin
Dry skin
Emotional lability
Glossitis
Pustule
Alopecia (loss of hair from the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes) may occur. Skin lesions may be secondarily infected by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or fungi such as Candida albicans. These skin lesions are accompanied by diarrhea.
Genetics
Acrodermatitis enteropathica, in terms of genetics, indicates that a mutation of the SLC39A4 gene on chromosome 8 q24.3 is responsible for the disorder. The SLC39A4 gene encodes a transmembrane protein that serves as a zinc uptake protein. The features of the disease usually start manifesting as an infant is weaned from breast milk. Zinc is very important as it is involved in the function of approximately 100 enzymes in the human body.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of an individual with acrodermatitis enteropathica includes each of the following:
Plasma zi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20D.%20Dunitz
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Jack David Dunitz FRS (29 March 1923 – 12 September 2021) was a British chemist and widely known chemical crystallographer. He was Professor of Chemical Crystallography at the ETH Zurich from 1957 until his official retirement in 1990. He held Visiting Professorships in the United States, Israel, Japan, Canada, Spain and the United Kingdom.
In 1953 he married Barbara Steuer and had two daughters Marguerite (1955) and Julia Gabrielle (1957).
Education
Born in Glasgow, Dunitz was educated at Hillhead High School and Hutchesons' Grammar School. He went on to study at the University of Glasgow where he gained his Bachelor of Science degree and Doctor of Philosophy in 1947.
He held research fellowships at Oxford University (1946–1948, 1951–1953), the California Institute of Technology (1948–1951, 1953–1954), the US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD (1954–1955), and the Royal Institution, London (1956–1957).
Research
Dunitz's main research direction involved the use of crystal structure analysis as tool for studying chemical problems. In his early pre-ETH period, his work included structure studies of cyclobutane, of ferrocene with the first description of its electronic structure in terms of orbital symmetry relationships. With Orgel he also explained distortions of certain spinel minerals from cubic symmetry in terms of the Jahn-Teller effect. In his later research, at the ETH Zurich and after, Dunitz worked in several areas of structural chemistry, including the con
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C5%84cza
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Hańcza () is a lake in Suwałki Region, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is 311.4 ha large, 4.5 km long and 1.2 km wide. It is the deepest lake in Poland with maximum depth of 108.5 m. The Czarna Hańcza river flows through it.
Lakes of Podlaskie Voivodeship
Underwater diving sites in Poland
Suwałki County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20W2
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NVC community W2 (Salix cinerea - Betula pubescens - Phragmites australis woodland) is one of the woodland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of seven woodland communities in the NVC classed as "wet woodlands".
This is a fairly locally distributed community. There are two subcommunities.
Community composition
Three constant species is found in this community, Grey Willow (Salix cinerea), Downy Birch (Betula pubescens) and Common Reed (Phragmites australis).
Six rare species are also associated with the community:
Elongated Sedge (Carex elongata)
Crested Buckler-fern (Dryopteris cristata)
the fern Dryopteris × uliginosa, the hybrid of Crested Buckler-fern and Narrow Buckler-fern (D. carthusiana)
Milk-parsley (Peucedanum palustre)
Round-leaved Wintergreen (Pyrola rotundifolia)
Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Distribution
This community is distributed in two main areas of Britain - East Anglia and Northwest England. There are also examples in South Wales and Yorkshire
Subcommunities
There are two subcommunities:
the Alnus glutinosa - Filipendula ulmaria subcommunity
the Sphagnum ssp. subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1991) British Plant Communities Volume 1 - Woodlands and scrub (hardback), (paperback)
W02
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic%20acid
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The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs are signaling molecules formed within various types of cells by the metabolism of arachidonic acid by a specific subset of Cytochrome P450 enzymes termed cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. These nonclassic eicosanoids are generally short-lived, being rapidly converted from epoxides to less active or inactive dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids (diHETrEs) by a widely distributed cellular enzyme, Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), also termed Epoxide hydrolase 2. The EETs consequently function as transiently acting, short-range hormones; that is, they work locally to regulate the function of the cells that produce them (i.e. they are autocrine agents) or of nearby cells (i.e. they are paracrine agents). The EETs have been most studied in animal models where they show the ability to lower blood pressure possibly by a) stimulating arterial vasorelaxation and b) inhibiting the kidney's retention of salts and water to decrease intravascular blood volume. In these models, EETs prevent arterial occlusive diseases such as heart attacks and brain strokes not only by their anti-hypertension action but possibly also by their anti-inflammatory effects on blood vessels, their inhibition of platelet activation and thereby blood clotting, and/or their promotion of pro-fibrinolytic removal of blood clots. With respect to their effects on the heart, the EETs are often termed cardio-protective. Beyond these cardiovascular actions that may prevent various cardiovascu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Romance%20languages
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The Southern Romance languages are a primary branch of the Romance languages.
According to the classification of linguists such as Leonard (1980) and Agard (1984), the Southern Romance family is composed of Sardinian, Corsican, and the southern Lucanian dialects.
This theory is far from universally supported. In fact, the majority of linguists classify Corsican, including Gallurese and Sassarese as its dialects, as part of Italo-Dalmatian and closely related to Tuscan or the centro-southern Italian dialects, because of the island's considerable degree of tuscanization during the Middle Ages, leaving Sardinian as the only remaining representative of the branch once the African Romance dialects had gone extinct, unless the southern Lucanian dialects are also classified as part of this branch, as they show some important traits in common with Sardinian.
Classification
Ethnologue and Glottolog, which support the Southern Romance theory, propose the following classification (with Glottolog considering South Lucanian and Sardo-Corsican to be branches of Southern Romance and Ethnologue considering Sardo-Corsican to be synonymous with Southern Romance), which is not endorsed by other linguists in light of the structural differences between these languages. Corsican, for example, is otherwise classified as an Italo-Dalmatian language, and Gallurese, like Sassarese, as a (southern) Corsican dialect (with influences from Logudorese Sardinian) or a transitional variety between Corsica
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanas%20Burov
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Atanas Dimitrov Burov (; 30 January 1875 – 15 May 1954) was a Bulgarian banker, philanthropist and politician.
Family background
Burov was born in Gorna Oryahovitsa. Members of his family played an active role in the national liberation movement, the educational and cultural reforms, the setting up of the national financial system and industry. The father — Dimitar Burov established the Commercial & Credit House — Burov.D.A&Co in 1862. After the Liberation the company expanded its activities and was reorganised as a joint-stock company. The Burov company was among the founders of "Bulgaria: First Bulgarian Insurance Company" (1895) and the Bulgarian Commercial Bank in 1891.
Education
1895 Atanas Burov graduated from the most prestigious secondary school in Gabrovo, Bulgaria.
1895–1900 studied law and economy in Paris.
Business and political life
After returning from Paris, Atanas Burov started working in the family business. He studied industries with great potential, took the initiative to establish joint-stock companies, participated in the development of railroad constructing, mining, and other industries. The prosperity of his business activity provided him with stability, independent civil opinion and freedom to act as a politician. Burov joined politics as an active member of the People's Party and very soon became the ideologist of the Bulgarian bourgeoisie. He soon became one of the leaders of the party, who always had the national and people's interests as a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFE%20%28gene%29
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Human homeostatic iron regulator protein, also known as the HFE protein (High FE2+), is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the HFE gene. The HFE gene is located on short arm of chromosome 6 at location 6p22.2
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein that is similar to MHC class I-type proteins and associates with beta-2 microglobulin (beta2M). It is thought that this protein functions to regulate circulating iron uptake by regulating the interaction of the transferrin receptor with transferrin.
The HFE gene contains 7 exons spanning 12 kb. The full-length transcript represents 6 exons.
HFE protein is composed of 343 amino acids. There are several components, in sequence: a signal peptide (initial part of the protein), an extracellular transferrin receptor-binding region (α1 and α2), a portion that resembles immunoglobulin molecules (α3), a transmembrane region that anchors the protein in the cell membrane, and a short cytoplasmic tail.
HFE expression is subjected to alternative splicing. The predominant HFE full-length transcript has ~4.2 kb. Alternative HFE splicing variants may serve as iron regulatory mechanisms in specific cells or tissues.
HFE is prominent in small intestinal absorptive cells, gastric epithelial cells, tissue macrophages, and blood monocytes and granulocytes, and the syncytiotrophoblast, an iron transport tissue in the placenta.
Clinical significance
The iron storage disorder hereditary hemochrom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SemBioSys%20Genetics
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SemBioSys Genetics Inc. was a development stage agricultural biotechnology company. It utilized its patented safflower pharming platform to develop and make proteins and oils for the nutraceutical, functional food and beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. A University of Calgary spin-off (1994), SemBioSys became a publicly traded firm. Investors had included Bay City Capital, the Business Development Bank of Canada, Dow AgroSciences (a Canadian subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company), Royal Bank Ventures Inc. (now RBC Capital Partners), the University of Calgary, Ventures West Capital Ltd., and Dr. Maurice Moloney. In May 2012, SemBioSys terminated its operations.
The company's strategy was to partner with other companies to enable the commercialization of products. Its lead pharmaceutical products under development were biosimilar insulin and Apo AI(Milano). In a phase I/II clinical trial, SemBioSys demonstrated that its safflower produced insulin (SBS-1000) is bioequivalent to humulin, a commercially available insulin.
In 2007, SemBioSys formed a subsidiary, Botaneco Specialty Ingredients Inc., dedicated to the commercialization of SemBioSys’ products for cosmetic, personal care and prescription topical dermatology products. Botaneco produced, marketed, and sold its products under the brand name Hydresia. In October 2009, Botaneco merged with Quebec City-based Advitech, a health sciences and technology company.
In October 2011, SemBioSys signed a collaboration ag
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20disk
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Double disk or double-disk may refer to:
Double album, a double CD album
Double Album (NOFX Album), 2022
Double-disk diffusion test
Vertisoft DoubleDisk, a DOS disk compression software by Vertisoft
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potyvirus
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Potyvirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses (named after its type species, Potato virus Y (PVY)) in the family Potyviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral, horticultural, and ornamental crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses, and most are from the subfamily Aphidinae (genera Macrosiphum and Myzus). The genus contains 190 species and potyviruses account for about thirty percent of all currently known plant viruses.
Structure
The virion is non-enveloped with a flexuous and filamentous nucleocapsid, 680 to 900 nanometers (nm) long and is 11–20 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid contains around 2000 copies of the capsid protein. The symmetry of the nucleocapsid is helical with a pitch of 3.4-3.5 nm.
Genome
The genome is a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA ranging in size from 9,000 to 12,000 nucleotide bases. Most potyviruses have non-segmented genomes, though a number of species are bipartite. The typical base compositions of some of the most common, non-recombinant strains of the type species, PVY, range between ~23.4-23.8 % G; ~31-31.6 % A; ~18.2-18.8 % C; and ~26.5-26.8 % U.
In the species with a monopartite genome, a genome-linked VPg protein is covalently bound to the 5' end and the 3' end is polyadenylated. The genome encodes a single open reading frame (ORF) expressed as a 350 kDa polyprotein precursor. This polyprotein is processed int
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soitec
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Soitec is an international company, based in France, that manufactures high performance substrates used in the manufacture of semiconductors.
Soitec's semiconductor materials are used to manufacture chips which equip smartphones, tablets, computers, IT servers, and data centres. Soitec's products are also found in electronic components used in cars, connected objects (Internet of Things), as well as industrial and medical equipment.
Soitec's flagship product is silicon on insulator (SOI). Materials produced by Soitec come in the form of substrates (also called "wafers"). These are produced as ultra-thin disks that are 200 to 300 mm in diameter and are less than 1 mm thick. These wafers are then etched and cut to be used for microchips in electronics.
History
Soitec was founded in 1992 near Grenoble in France by two researchers from CEA Leti, an institute for micro- and nanotechnologies research created by the French Commission for Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies (CEA). The pair developed Smart Cut™ technology to industrialize Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafers, and built their first production unit in Bernin, in the Isère department of France.
Soitec's offering initially targeted the electronics market. At the end of the 2000s, Soitec launched into the solar energy and lighting markets, exploiting new openings for its materials and technologies. In 2015, the company announced that it would be refocusing its efforts on its core business: electronics.
Soitec employs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap%20theorem%20%28disambiguation%29
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In mathematics, gap theorem may refer to:
The Weierstrass gap theorem in algebraic geometry
The Ostrowski–Hadamard gap theorem on lacunary functions
The Fabry gap theorem on lacunary functions
The gap theorem of Fourier analysis, a statement about the vanishing of discrete Fourier coefficients for functions that are identically zero on an interval shorter than 2π
The gap theorem in computational complexity theory
Saharon Shelah's Main Gap Theorem which solved Morley's problem in model theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossatron
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In electronics, a crossatron is a high-power pulsed modulator device that consists of a cold cathode gas-filled tube that combines features of thyratrons, vacuum tubes, and power semiconductor switches. This switch is capable of operating with voltages in excess of 100 kilovolts by the use of deuterium gas fill to increase the Paschen breakdown voltage, axial molybdenum cathode corrugations to provide a higher current capability, and a Paschen shield that is formed from molybdenum. The terminal curvature of the Paschen shield and of the adjacent portion of the anode are selected to establish a voltage stress at the curved Paschen shield surface within the approximate range of 90–150 kV/cm in response to a 100 kV differential. The cold cathode gives the crossatron an advantage of achievable lifetime and reliability in comparison to a hydrogen-filled thyratron.
It features instant start and rugged operation while enduring high temperatures, high radiation, electromagnetic pulse, and repeated overvoltage and overcurrent events. Crossatron switch applications in power conditioning include high-voltage phase-control-rectifier service, high-frequency DC-to-AC inverter modulation, voltage regulation, command charging, and fault protection. Pulsed power applications include high-speed discharging of capacitors and pulse forming networks, repetitive opening of inductive-energy-storage circuits, modulation of square wave pulses in hard-tube modulators, and fault protection.
Reference
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland%20Sound%20Canvas
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Roland/Edirol Sound Canvas lineup is a series of General MIDI (GM) based pulse-code modulation (PCM) sound modules and sound cards, primarily intended for computer music usage, created by Japanese manufacturer Roland Corporation. Some models include a serial or USB connection, to a personal computer. The Sound Canvas can be played by the Sound Brush.
Products
Sound Canvas
The first Sound Canvas units (SC-55 and SB-55) were sold in the winter of 1991, in some cases also sold as "Edirol" rather than "Roland" as the brand name, mainly with the SC-88VL.
Sound Canvas Personal Computer Products
Computer Music Products
Sound Canvas and Keyboard
The following combine a sound canvas module with a built in MIDI keyboard
Edirol
Roland sold GM/GS products under its Edirol brand. The samples contained in the ROMs of these units do not in all cases mirror the original SC-7 / SC-55 GM/GS samples. GM2 is downward compatible with GM. The SD line was also sold under the "Roland" brand.
Virtual Sound Canvas
There is also the VSC, Virtual Sound Canvas, range of PC software which provide GM and GS
synthesis on Windows PCs. Many versions of Cakewalk's Sonar software came bundled with a copy of VSC, though from Sonar 4 onwards they ship with the improved TTS-1 softsynth, which Roland has sold previously through its Edirol subsidiary as the HyperCanvas.
Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth
Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth, included in instances of DirectX as an integral part of DirectMusic, and on e
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Roman
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Nancy Grace Roman (pronounced "Roman"; May 16, 1925 – December 25, 2018) was an American astronomer who made important contributions to stellar classification and motions. The first female executive at NASA, Roman served as NASA's first Chief of Astronomy throughout the 1960s and 1970s, establishing her as one of the "visionary founders of the US civilian space program".
She created NASA's space astronomy program and is known to many as the "Mother of Hubble" for her foundational role in planning the Hubble Space Telescope. Throughout her career, Roman was an active public speaker and educator, and an advocate for women in the sciences.
In May 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced that the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope would be named the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in recognition of her enduring contributions to astronomy.
Early life
Nancy Grace Roman was born in Nashville, Tennessee, to music teacher Georgia Frances Smith Roman and physicist/mathematician Irwin Roman. Shortly after, her father took a job as a geophysicist for an oil company and the family moved to Oklahoma three months after Roman's birth. Roman and her parents later moved to Houston, Texas, New Jersey, Michigan, and then Nevada in 1935, when her father joined the Civil Service in geophysical research.
When she was about 12 years old, the family moved to Baltimore, Maryland, when Irwin Roman was hired as Senior Geophysicist at the Baltimore office of the U.S. Geological Survey.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20Pyxidis
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Alpha Pyxidis, Latinised from α Pyxidis, is a giant star in the constellation Pyxis. It has a stellar classification of B1.5III and is a Beta Cephei variable. This star has more than ten times the mass of the Sun and is more than six times the Sun's radius. The surface temperature is and the star is about 10,000 times as luminous as the Sun. Stars such as this with more than 10 solar masses are expected to end their life by exploding as a supernova.
Naming
In Chinese, (), meaning Celestial Dog, refers to an asterism consisting of α Pyxidis, e Velorum, f Velorum, β Pyxidis, γ Pyxidis and δ Pyxidis. Consequently, α Pyxidis itself is known as (, ).
References
External links
B-type giants
Beta Cephei variables
Pyxis
Pyxidis, Alpha
PD-32 02399
074575
042828
3468
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizophora%20mangle
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Rhizophora mangle, the red mangrove, is distributed in estuarine ecosystems throughout the tropics. Its viviparous "seeds", in actuality called propagules, become fully mature plants before dropping off the parent tree. These are dispersed by water until eventually embedding in the shallows.
Rhizophora mangle grows on aerial prop roots, which arch above the water level, giving stands of this tree the characteristic "mangrove" appearance. It is a valuable plant in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas coastal ecosystems. The name refers to the red colour on the inner part of its roots when halved, so it does not display any red colour in its regular appearance. In its native habitat it is threatened by invasive species such as the Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius). The red mangrove itself is considered an invasive species in some locations, such as Hawaii, where it forms dense, monospecific thickets. R. mangle thickets, however, provide nesting and hunting habitat for a diverse array of organisms, including fish, birds, and crocodiles.
Distribution and habitat
Red mangroves are found in subtropical and tropical areas in both hemispheres, extending to near 28°N to S latitude. They thrive on coastlines in brackish water and in swampy salt marshes. Because they are well adapted to salt water, they thrive where many other plants fail and create their own ecosystems, the mangals. Red mangroves are often found near white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa), black mangroves (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20bun
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A London bun is a square-shaped bun made of rich yeast dough flavored with currants and candied peel topped with white sugar icing or crystallised sugar.
Formerly a popular teatime bun, its nearest still-popular equivalent is the Bath bun. Neither should be confused with the finger bun, an elongated bun topped with white icing sugar, optionally with shredded or finely chopped coconut, and available with or without fruit (currants/sultanas).
The phrase "all talk and no London bun," believed to have originated in South Australia, is used to describe a person who fails to follow through on their promises.
See also
Iced bun
List of buns
References
Davidson, Alan. Oxford Companion to Food (1999), "Bun". p. 114,
British breads
Buns
Yeast breads
Sweet breads
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3T3%20cells
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3T3 cells are several cell lines of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The original 3T3 cell line (3T3-Swiss albino) was established in 1962 by two scientists then at the Department of Pathology in the New York University School of Medicine, George Todaro and Howard Green. Todaro and Green originally obtained their 3T3 cells from Swiss albino mouse embryo tissue. Later, as a principal investigator position at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, Todaro repeated the isolation procedure from the NIH Swiss mouse embryo with his students and established NIH-3T3 cell line.
Nomenclature
The '3T3' designation refers to the abbreviation of "3-day transfer, inoculum cells." This cell line was originally established from the primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells that were cultured by the designated protocol, so-called '3T3 protocol'. The primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were transferred (the "T") every 3 days (the first "3"), and inoculated at the rigid density of cells per 20 cm2 dish (the second "3") continuously. The spontaneously immortalized cells with stable growth rate were established after 20 to 30 generations in culture, and then named '3T3' cells. Since then, several cell lines have been established with this procotol:
3T3-Swiss albino, the original 1962 cell line
3T3-J2, a subclone of 3T3-Swiss albino, commonly used as feeders for keratinocyte cultures
3T3-L1, a subclone of 3T3-Swiss albino, used as a model of adipogenesis
NIH-3T3, also from Swiss
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Quinlan
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John Ross Quinlan is a computer science researcher in data mining and decision theory. He has contributed extensively to the development of decision tree algorithms, including inventing the canonical C4.5 and ID3 algorithms. He also contributed to early ILP literature with First Order Inductive Learner (FOIL). He is currently running the company RuleQuest Research which he founded in 1997.
Education
He received his BSc degree in Physics and Computing from the University of Sydney in 1965 and his computer science doctorate at the University of Washington in 1968. He has held positions at the University of New South Wales, University of Sydney, University of Technology Sydney, and RAND Corporation.
Artificial intelligence
Quinlan is a specialist in artificial intelligence, particularly in the aspect involving machine learning and its application to data mining.
ID3
Ross Quinlan invented the Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) algorithm which is used to generate decision trees. ID3 follows the principle of Occam's razor in attempting to create the smallest decision tree possible.
C4.5
He then expanded upon the principles used in ID3 to create C4.5.
C4.5 improved: discrete and continuous attributes, missing attribute values, attributes with differing costs, pruning trees (replacing irrelevant branches with leaf nodes).
C5.0
C5.0, which Quinlan is commercially selling (single-threaded version is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License), is an improvement
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraoperative%20blood%20salvage
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Intraoperative blood salvage (IOS), also known as cell salvage, is a specific type of autologous blood transfusion. Specifically IOS is a medical procedure involving recovering blood lost during surgery and re-infusing it into the patient. It is a major form of autotransfusion.
It has been used for many years and gained greater attention over time as risks associated with allogenic (separate-donor) blood transfusion have seen greater publicity and become more fully appreciated. Several medical devices have been developed to assist in salvaging the patient's own blood in the perioperative setting. The procedure is frequently used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, during which blood usage has traditionally been high. A greater effort to avoid adverse events due to transfusion has also increased the emphasis on blood conservation (see bloodless surgery).
Background
Providing safe blood for transfusion remains a challenge despite advances in preventing transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), AIDS/HIV, HTLV-I/II, West Nile virus (WNV), syphilis, Chagas disease, Zika virus, and transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection. Human errors such as misidentifying patients and drawing blood samples from the wrong person (i.e., wrong blood in tube or WBIT) is more of a risk than transmissible diseases in many developed nations.
Much more common risks of allogeneic transfusion include allergic transfusion reactions as well as febrile non-hemolytic transfus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrphoidea
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The Syrphoidea are a superfamily of flies containing only two families under present classification, one of which (Syrphidae) has a great number of the most common and familiar flies. One of these familiar flies is Eristalis tenax, or otherwise known as the drone fly.
References
External links
Diptera superfamilies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere%20theorem%20%283-manifolds%29
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In mathematics, in the topology of 3-manifolds, the sphere theorem of gives conditions for elements of the second homotopy group of a 3-manifold to be represented by embedded spheres.
One example is the following:
Let be an orientable 3-manifold such that is not the trivial group. Then there exists a non-zero element of having a representative that is an embedding .
The proof of this version of the theorem can be based on transversality methods, see .
Another more general version (also called the projective plane theorem, and due to David B. A. Epstein) is:
Let be any 3-manifold and a -invariant subgroup of . If is a general position map such that and is any neighborhood of the singular set , then there is a map satisfying
,
,
is a covering map, and
is a 2-sided submanifold (2-sphere or projective plane) of .
quoted in .
References
Geometric topology
3-manifolds
Theorems in topology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasius%20boundary%20layer
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In physics and fluid mechanics, a Blasius boundary layer (named after Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius) describes the steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer that forms on a semi-infinite plate which is held parallel to a constant unidirectional flow. Falkner and Skan later generalized Blasius' solution to wedge flow (Falkner–Skan boundary layer), i.e. flows in which the plate is not parallel to the flow.
Prandtl's boundary layer equations
Using scaling arguments, Ludwig Prandtl argued that about half of the terms in the Navier-Stokes equations are negligible in boundary layer flows (except in a small region near the leading edge of the plate). This leads to a reduced set of equations known as the boundary layer equations. For steady incompressible flow with constant viscosity and density, these read:
Mass Continuity:
-Momentum:
-Momentum:
Here the coordinate system is chosen with pointing parallel to the plate in the direction of the flow and the coordinate pointing normal to the plate, and are the and velocity components, is the pressure, is the density and is the kinematic viscosity.
A number of similarity solutions to this set of equations have been found for various types of flow, including flow on a thin flat-plate. The term similarity refers to the property that the velocity profiles at different positions in the flow are the same apart from scaling factors. Similarity scaling factors reduce the set of partial differential equations to a relative
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsvetan%20Gashevski
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Tsvetan Gashevski () (born 15 July 1970 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian arm wrestler. He lives and works in Gorna Oryahovitsa and he is one of the founders of the Gorna Oryahovitsa Arm Wrestling Club. Gashevski started his sport career with athletics but soon switched to Arm wrestling where he soon achieved great results - multiple Champion of Bulgaria in the 75 kg category (right hand).
International competitions
He was one of the Top 10 sportspersons of Gorna Oryahovitsa in the 20th century and was awarded the prize of Gorna Oryahovitsa for sporting achievements in 2001 and made an Honorary Citizen of Gorna Oryahovitsa in 2002.
References
Honoured Citizens of Gorna Oryahovitsa
World Armwrestling Federation World Championship Archives (2000-2009)
World Armwrestling Federation World Championship Archives (2010-2019)
Bulgarian arm wrestlers
1970 births
Living people
People from Gorna Oryahovitsa
Sportspeople from Veliko Tarnovo Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FpgaC
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FpgaC is a compiler for a subset of the C programming language, which produces digital circuits that will execute the compiled programs. The circuits may use FPGAs or CPLDs as the target processor for reconfigurable computing, or even ASICs for dedicated applications. FpgaC's goal is to be an efficient High Level Language (HLL) for reconfigurable computing, rather than a Hardware Description Language (HDL) for building efficient custom hardware circuits.
History
The historical roots of FpgaC are in the Transmogrifier C 3.1 (TMCC) HDL, a 1996 BSD licensed Open source offering from University of Toronto. TMCC is one of the first FPGA C compilers, with work starting in 1994 and presented at IEEE's FCCM95. This predated the evolution from the Handel language to Handel-C work done shortly afterward at Oxford University Computing Laboratory.
TMCC was renamed FpgaC for the initial SourceForge project release, with syntax modifications to start the evolution to ANSI C. Later development has removed all explicit HDL syntax from the language, and increased the subset of C supported. By capitalizing on ANSI C C99 extensions, the same functionality is now available by inference rather than non-standard language extensions. This shift away from non-standard HDL extensions was influenced in part by Streams-C from Los Alamos National Laboratory (now available commercially as Impulse C).
In the years that have followed, compiling ANSI C for execution as FPGA circuits has become a mainstr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery%20scheduling
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Lottery scheduling is a probabilistic scheduling algorithm for processes in an operating system. Processes are each assigned some number of lottery tickets, and the scheduler draws a random ticket to select the next process. The distribution of tickets need not be uniform; granting a process more tickets provides it a relative higher chance of selection. This technique can be used to approximate other scheduling algorithms, such as
Shortest job next and Fair-share scheduling.
Lottery scheduling solves the problem of starvation. Giving each process at least one lottery ticket guarantees that it has non-zero probability of being selected at each scheduling operation.
Implementation
Implementations of lottery scheduling should take into consideration that there could be billions of tickets distributed among a large pool of threads. To have an array where each index represents a ticket, and each location contains the thread corresponding to that ticket, may be highly inefficient. Lottery scheduling can be preemptive or non-preemptive.
External links
Lottery Scheduling: Flexible Proportional-Share Resource Management by Carl A. Waldspurger and William E. Weihl. The 1994 Operating Systems Design and Implementation conference (OSDI '94). November, 1994. Monterey, California.
Lottery and Stride Scheduling: Flexible Proportional-Share Resource Management by Carl A. Waldspurger. Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. September 1995.
Operating Systems: Three E
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%202859
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NGC 2859 is a barred lenticular galaxy located some 83 million light years away in the constellation Leo Minor. The morphological classification is (R)SB(r)0+, where the S0+ notation indicates a well-defined physical structure that is lacking in visible spiral arms. It has a strong bar (B) of the "ansae" type, which means it grows brighter or wider toward the tips. A faint, secondary bar is positioned at nearly a right angle to the main bar. These features are surrounded by a weak inner ring (r) that appears diffuse. The outer region of the galaxy hosts a prominent, detached ring (R) that includes a series of blue-hued knots along the eastern side.
The central supermassive black hole is an estimated 105 million times the mass of the Sun. The nucleus is tentatively classified as a transition type T2:, with no indication of activity.
References
External links
Lenticular galaxies
Barred lenticular galaxies
Ring galaxies
Leo Minor
2859
05001
26649
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LJJ
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LJJ might be an acronym or abbreviation for:
LJJ genotype of triploid Ambystoma females, consisting of one A. laterale genome and two A. jeffersonianum genomes; see Mole_salamander#Hybrid_all-female_populations
Long Josephson junction
Lords Justice of Appeal (singular, LJ)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Newtonian%20expansion
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In general relativity, post-Newtonian expansions (PN expansions) are used for finding an approximate solution of Einstein field equations for the metric tensor. The approximations are expanded in small parameters that express orders of deviations from Newton's law of universal gravitation. This allows approximations to Einstein's equations to be made in the case of weak fields. Higher-order terms can be added to increase accuracy, but for strong fields sometimes it is preferable to solve the complete equations numerically. This method is a common mark of effective field theories. In the limit, when the small parameters are equal to 0, the post-Newtonian expansion reduces to Newton's law of gravity.
Expansion in 1/c2
The post-Newtonian approximations are expansions in a small parameter, which is the ratio of the velocity of the matter that creates the gravitational field, to the speed of light, which in this case is more precisely called the speed of gravity. In the limit, when the fundamental speed of gravity becomes infinite, the post-Newtonian expansion reduces to Newton's law of gravity. A systematic study of post-Newtonian expansions within hydrodynamic approximations was developed by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and his colleagues in the 1960s.
Expansion in h
Another approach is to expand the equations of general relativity in a power series in the deviation of the metric from its value in the absence of gravity.
To this end, one must choose a coordinate system in whi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Chalifour
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Francis Chalifour (born April 13, 1977) is a contemporary Canadian writer.
Writing
His first published work was the French novel Zoom Papaye, and his second, After, won the 2005 Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non-Fiction and was nominated for the Governor General's Award 2005. He wrote the book called Le fils du pendu.
He has also contributed articles to Maclean's, the Toronto Star, The Walrus, Le Devoir and La Presse. He has hosted the radio program Ondes De Choc, and worked for the TV show Volt.
See also
List of Edna Staebler Award recipients
References
External links
Tundra Books, Francis Chalifour, Artist Spotlight, Retrieved November 27, 2012
Canadian children's writers in French
1977 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Chlorophenol
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2-Chlorophenol or ortho-chlorophenol is an organic compound with the formula C6H4ClOH. It is one of three isomeric monochloride derivatives of phenol. As from occasional use as a disinfectant, it has few applications. It is an intermediate in the polychlorination of phenol.
2-Chlorophenol is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often yellow or amber-colored. It has an unpleasant, penetrating (carbolic) odor. It is poorly soluble in water.
See also
Chlorophenol
References
Cited sources
External links
ToxFAQs for Chlorophenols, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Compound Summary Compendium, PubChem Open Chemistry Database.
Chlorobenzenes
Phenols
Disinfectants
Foul-smelling chemicals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-specific%20recombinase%20technology
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Site-specific recombinase technologies are genome engineering tools that depend on recombinase enzymes to replace targeted sections of DNA.
History
In the late 1980s gene targeting in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) enabled the transmission of mutations into the mouse germ line, and emerged as a novel option to study the genetic basis of regulatory networks as they exist in the genome. Still, classical gene targeting proved to be limited in several ways as gene functions became irreversibly destroyed by the marker gene that had to be introduced for selecting recombinant ESCs. These early steps led to animals in which the mutation was present in all cells of the body from the beginning leading to complex phenotypes and/or early lethality. There was a clear need for methods to restrict these mutations to specific points in development and specific cell types. This dream became reality when groups in the USA were able to introduce bacteriophage and yeast-derived site-specific recombination (SSR-) systems into mammalian cells as well as into the mouse.
Classification, properties and dedicated applications
Common genetic engineering strategies require a permanent modification of the target genome. To this end great sophistication has to be invested in the design of routes applied for the delivery of transgenes. Although for biotechnological purposes random integration is still common, it may result in unpredictable gene expression due to variable transgene copy numbers, lac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleria%20at%20Crystal%20Run
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The Galleria at Crystal Run is a shopping center located in the Town of Wallkill, New York. It is the second-largest mall in New York's Hudson Valley region.
History
The galleria, which opened in 1992, has an area of 1,100,000 square feet (99,000 m²) on two floors. It has 120 shops and restaurants, as well as a 16-screen AMC Theatres.
The Galleria is owned and managed by The Pyramid Companies, a group that also owns and manages regional sisters Poughkeepsie Galleria in Poughkeepsie (the model for Crystal Run), and Palisades Center in West Nyack.
2017 gun discharge incident
On November 26, 2017, an unknown man discharged a handgun inside the mall into the floor, causing a lockdown and response from local police forces, New York State Police, and the FBI. A 49-year-old woman and her 12-year-old son suffered minor injuries.
On November 28, 2017, a suspect from Forest City, Pennsylvania turned himself into police and was charged with first-degree reckless endangerment and two counts of third-degree assault.
Current anchors
Macy's
JCPenney
Dick's Sporting Goods
Target
Former anchors
Filene's
G. Fox
Sears
Steinbach
References
External links
Pyramid profile of Galleria at Crystal Run
Buildings and structures in Orange County, New York
Shopping malls in New York (state)
The Pyramid Companies
Tourist attractions in Orange County, New York
Middletown, Orange County, New York
Shopping malls established in 1992
Shopping malls in the New York metropolitan area
1992 establ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi%20calling
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Wi-Fi calling refers to mobile phone voice calls and data that are made over IP networks using Wi-Fi, instead of the cell towers provided by cellular networks. Using this feature, compatible handsets are able to route regular cellular calls through a wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) network with broadband Internet, while seamlessly change connections between the two where necessary. This feature makes use of the Generic Access Network (GAN) protocol, also known as Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA).
Essentially, GAN/UMA allows cell phone packets to be forwarded to a network access point over the internet, rather than over-the-air using GSM/GPRS, UMTS or similar. A separate device known as a "GAN Controller" (GANC) receives this data from the Internet and feeds it into the phone network as if it were coming from an antenna on a tower. Calls can be placed from or received to the handset as if it were connected over-the-air directly to the GANC's point of presence; the system is essentially invisible to the network as a whole. This can be useful in locations with poor cell coverage where some other form of internet access is available, especially at the home or office. The system offers seamless handoff, so the user can move from cell to Wi-Fi and back again with the same invisibility that the cell network offers when moving from tower to tower.
Since the GAN system works over the internet, a UMA-capable handset can connect to their service provider from any location with internet access. Thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20tuner
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In music, an electronic tuner is a device that detects and displays the pitch of musical notes played on a musical instrument. "Pitch" is the perceived fundamental frequency of a musical note, which is typically measured in Hertz. Simple tuners indicate—typically with an analog needle or dial, LEDs, or an LCD screen—whether a pitch is lower, higher, or equal to the desired pitch. Since the early 2010s, software applications can turn a smartphone, tablet, or personal computer into a tuner. More complex and expensive tuners indicate pitch more precisely. Tuners vary in size from units that fit in a pocket to 19" rack-mount units. Instrument technicians and piano tuners typically use more expensive, accurate tuners.
The simplest tuners detect and display tuning only for a single pitch—often "A" or "E"—or for a small number of pitches, such as the six used in the standard tuning of a guitar (E,A,D,G,B,E). More complex tuners offer chromatic tuning for all 12 pitches of the equally tempered octave. Some electronic tuners offer additional features, such as pitch calibration, temperament options, the sounding of a desired pitch through an amplifier plus speaker, and adjustable "read-time" settings that affect how long the tuner takes to measure the pitch of the note.
Among the most accurate tuning devices, strobe tuners work differently than regular electronic tuners. They are stroboscopes that flicker a light at the same frequency as the note. The light shines on a wheel that spi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parviz%20Parastui
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Parviz Parastui (; born 24 June 1955) is an Iranian actor. He has received various accolades, including four Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor–making him the only actor to have four wins in that category–four Hafez Awards, two Iran Cinema Celebration Awards and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Awards.
Personal life
Parastui was born in Kabudrahang, Hamadan province. He served in the Iran-Iraq war.
Early life
Parviz Parastui had worked in judicature before he became an actor. He began his career by starring in the film Diar-e Asheghan. Following Diare Asheghan, Parastui began a long lasting career in films.
Career
Film
After starring in films such as Pishtazan-e Fath, Hunting, etc., Parviz Parastui acted as "Sadeq Meshkini", a comedy role in the highly acclaimed yet controversial movie Leily Is with Me directed by Kamal Tabrizi. The war film Leily Is with Me brought a new perspective to the Iran–Iraq War which up to then was viewed as taboo material. The movie tells the comical story of a war-fearing employee of Iranian Television Broadcasting unknowingly advancing straight to enemy lines, while actually trying to flee the war when he is assigned to accompany a director to a city close to enemy lines to film a documentary piece.
Since then, Parastui has expanded his presence as a comedy film actor by starring in other revolutionary comedy films.
Parviz Parastui also starred in some war films like: The Red Ribbon, The Glass Agency, Dead Wave, etc. Ebrahim Hata
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWI/SNF
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In molecular biology, SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable), is a subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, which is found in eukaryotes. In other words, it is a group of proteins that associate to remodel the way DNA is packaged. This complex is composed of several proteins – products of the SWI and SNF genes (, /, , , ), as well as other polypeptides. It possesses a DNA-stimulated ATPase activity that can destabilize histone-DNA interactions in reconstituted nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner, though the exact nature of this structural change is unknown. The SWI/SNF subfamily provides crucial nucleosome rearrangement, which is seen as ejection and/or sliding. The movement of nucleosomes provides easier access to the chromatin, allowing genes to be activated or repressed.
The human analogs of SWI/SNF are "BRG1- or BRM-associated factors", or BAF (SWI/SNF-A) and "Polybromo-associated BAF", which is also known as PBAF (SWI/SNF-B). There are also Drosophila analogs of SWI/SNF, known as "Brahma Associated Protein", or BAP and "Polybromo-associated BAP", also known as PBAP.
Mechanism of action
It has been found that the SWI/SNF complex (in yeast) is capable of altering the position of nucleosomes along DNA. These alterations are classified in three different ways, and they are seen as the processes of sliding nucleosomes, ejecting nucleosomes, and ejecting only certain components of the nucleosome. Due to the actions performed by the SWI/SNF subfamily
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram%20Radan
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Bahram Radan (, also as Bahrām Rādān; born April 28, 1979) is an Iranian actor. He has received various accolades, including two Crystal Simorgh and a Hafez Award.
Career
While studying business management in college, Radan signed up for acting classes where he was discovered as an emerging talent. He got his first break when he was given an opportunity for his first role starring in the movie The Passion of Love. The movie achieved great success at the Iranian box office and was one of the top-grossing movies of 2000. Radan has since starred in many movies and has become a popular household name in the Middle East, often referred to as one of the top five superstars of Iranian cinema. His extreme popularity caused Iranian authorities to ban his images from billboards in 2008. In 2010, he was chosen by United Nations as the first Iranian UN ambassador against hunger.
He ventured into music and released his first album, The Other Side, in 2012. Music videos were created for three of the songs from the album: "Jeegh" (Scream), "To Rafti" (You Left) and "Zamouneh" (Era).
In June 2015, Radan tweeted support (in Persian) for the U.S. Supreme Court's decision legalizing gay marriage, and was compelled to delete the Tweet and forced to apologize after criticism from government-affiliated hardline media. Although The Guardian could not independently verify the claim, Iranian media reported that Radan had been summoned for questioning before the country's Ministry of Culture and I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapacitation%20factor
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Decapacitation factor (DF) is composed of sperm surface-associated proteins which modulate the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Decapacitation is a reversible process that converts fertile, capacitated sperm to less-fertile uncapacitated sperm. This activity is achieved by interaction between cholesterol, phospholipids and fibronectin-like substances and delivered via small vesicles in seminal plasma. DF prevents onset of capacitation. Many DFs are released in secretions from the epididymis and accessory organs of the male reproductive system. However, some DFs have been identified that are located on the acrosome of sperm. Normally, capacitation is initiated through the loss of DF before the spermatozoa can perform the acrosomal reaction. Physiologically decapacitation will inhibit the acrosomal reaction as DFs reassociate onto the sperm surface. For example, one way this can be achieved is through spermatozoal membrane stabilization by maintaining physiological cholesterol/phospholipid ratio.
The study of DFs can help understand male infertility and has possible role in reversible male contraception. DFs are potent, but can be removed from sperm by gentle centrifugation to produce extremely fertile sperm. DFs have been found in bull, rabbit, boar, stallion, monkey, mouse, and human semen. Purification to obtain DFs and subsequent injection into a uterus with capacitated sperm decreases the efficiency of fertilization and converts sperm to an uncapacitated form. In natur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations%20for%20a%20falling%20body
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A set of equations describing the trajectories of objects subject to a constant gravitational force under normal Earth-bound conditions. Assuming constant acceleration g due to Earth’s gravity, Newton's law of universal gravitation simplifies to F = mg, where F is the force exerted on a mass m by the Earth’s gravitational field of strength g. Assuming constant g is reasonable for objects falling to Earth over the relatively short vertical distances of our everyday experience, but is not valid for greater distances involved in calculating more distant effects, such as spacecraft trajectories.
History
Galileo was the first to demonstrate and then formulate these equations. He used a ramp to study rolling balls, the ramp slowing the acceleration enough to measure the time taken for the ball to roll a known distance. He measured elapsed time with a water clock, using an "extremely accurate balance" to measure the amount of water.
The equations ignore air resistance, which has a dramatic effect on objects falling an appreciable distance in air, causing them to quickly approach a terminal velocity. The effect of air resistance varies enormously depending on the size and geometry of the falling object—for example, the equations are hopelessly wrong for a feather, which has a low mass but offers a large resistance to the air. (In the absence of an atmosphere all objects fall at the same rate, as astronaut David Scott demonstrated by dropping a hammer and a feather on the surface o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozak%20consensus%20sequence
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The Kozak consensus sequence (Kozak consensus or Kozak sequence) is a nucleic acid motif that functions as the protein translation initiation site in most eukaryotic mRNA transcripts. Regarded as the optimum sequence for initiating translation in eukaryotes, the sequence is an integral aspect of protein regulation and overall cellular health as well as having implications in human disease. It ensures that a protein is correctly translated from the genetic message, mediating ribosome assembly and translation initiation. A wrong start site can result in non-functional proteins. As it has become more studied, expansions of the nucleotide sequence, bases of importance, and notable exceptions have arisen. The sequence was named after the scientist who discovered it, Marilyn Kozak. Kozak discovered the sequence through a detailed analysis of DNA genomic sequences.
The Kozak sequence is not to be confused with the ribosomal binding site (RBS), that being either the 5′ cap of a messenger RNA or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES).
Sequence
The Kozak sequence was determined by sequencing of 699 vertebrate mRNAs and verified by site-directed mutagenesis. While initially limited to a subset of vertebrates (i.e. human, cow, cat, dog, chicken, guinea pig, hamster, mouse, pig, rabbit, sheep, and Xenopus), subsequent studies confirmed its conservation in higher eukaryotes generally. The sequence was defined as 5'-(gcc)gccRccAUGG-3' (IUPAC nucleobase notation summarized here) where
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t%20Gonna%20Worry
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Ain't Gonna Worry is an album by the American country music singer Crystal Gayle. Released on July 2, 1990, it marked the end of her run of Billboard album chart appearances (though a Greatest Hits album would make the Top 100 Country Albums chart in 2007). The album was Gayle's first and only album for the Capitol Records label.
Though the album itself failed to chart, one of its tracks, "Never Ending Song of Love", reached number 72 on the Country Singles chart. It also included covers of "Once in a Very Blue Moon" (although writers Pat Alger and Eugene Levine had Gayle in mind when first penning the song) and "Faithless Love", songs previously associated with Nanci Griffith and Linda Ronstadt respectively. "What He's Doing Now" would later be a hit for its co-writer, Garth Brooks (as "What She's Doing Now").
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle – lead vocals, harmony vocals (1, 4, 5, 8, 10), druid bell (10)
Bobby Wood – keyboards (1, 3-9), acoustic piano (2), harmony vocals (6, 8)
Pete Wasner – acoustic piano (3, 7), harmony vocals (6)
Joey Miskulin – accordion (6)
Chris Leuzinger – acoustic guitar (1, 3, 6), electric guitars (1-5, 7, 8, 9)
Johnny Christopher – acoustic rhythm guitar (1), acoustic guitar (2-5, 8)
Mark Casstevens – acoustic guitar (6, 7, 9)
Stuart Duncan – mandolin (1)
Bob Wray – bass (1-9)
Milton Sledge – drums (1-9), percussion (6)
Kenny Malone – congas (1)
Kirk "Jelly Roll" Johnson – harmonica (2)
Charles Cochran – string arrangements (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ish-Horowicz
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David Ish-Horowicz FRS (born 1948) is a British scientist. He is currently a Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at University College London (since 2013). Between 1987 and 2013, he was a Principal Scientist and Head of the Developmental Genetics Laboratory at Cancer Research UK (formerly Imperial Cancer Research Fund). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2002 and won the Waddington Medal from the British Society for Developmental Biology in 2007. He is a former member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine. He has been a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization since 1985.
Family
His father was Moshe Ish-Horowicz (b. August 22, 1922; d. February 27, 2008), a prominent leader in the development of Reform Judaism in Manchester.
Education
He was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Pembroke College, Cambridge (BA, 1969), and researched at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology while at Darwin College, Cambridge (PhD, 1973), and was a postdoctoral fellow in Basle.
References
1948 births
Alumni of Darwin College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
British Jews
Jewish British scientists
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga%20Kennard
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Olga Kennard, Lady Burgen ( Weisz; 23 March 1924 – 1 March 2023) was a Hungarian-born British scientist who specialised in crystallography. She was the founder of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre.
Kennard's research focused on determining the structures of organic molecules, including the first three-dimensional structure of adenosine triphosphate and particularly the different forms of DNA.
Together with JD Bernal she believed in the value of collating scientific data in a central archive, this began the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), collating crystal structures of mainly organic molecules. Kennard was also involved, at CSD, in the founding of the Protein Data Bank, and of the EMBL nucleotide sequence data library (later, European Nucleotide Archive).
Early life and education
Kennard was born in Budapest, Hungary on 23 March 1924, to Joir and Catherina Weisz. She moved to the United Kingdom at the age of 15 with her family in the face of growing antisemitism in Hungary. In the UK she was educated at Hove County School for Girls and Prince Henry VIII Grammar School, Evesham. She attended Newnham College, Cambridge, studying Natural Sciences at a time when women did not formally receive a degree. She went on to gain an MA in 1948.
Career
Following her studies, Kennard worked as a research assistant at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge from 1944 to 1948, working with Max Perutz on the structure of hemoglobin. After this she moved to London, working at
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial%20moment%20generating%20function
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In probability theory and statistics, the factorial moment generating function (FMGF) of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable X is defined as
for all complex numbers t for which this expected value exists. This is the case at least for all t on the unit circle , see characteristic function. If X is a discrete random variable taking values only in the set {0,1, ...} of non-negative integers, then is also called probability-generating function (PGF) of X and is well-defined at least for all t on the closed unit disk .
The factorial moment generating function generates the factorial moments of the probability distribution.
Provided exists in a neighbourhood of t = 1, the nth factorial moment is given by
where the Pochhammer symbol (x)n is the falling factorial
(Many mathematicians, especially in the field of special functions, use the same notation to represent the rising factorial.)
Examples
Poisson distribution
Suppose X has a Poisson distribution with expected value λ, then its factorial moment generating function is
(use the definition of the exponential function) and thus we have
See also
Moment (mathematics)
Moment-generating function
Cumulant-generating function
References
Factorial and binomial topics
Moment (mathematics)
Generating functions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20classification
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Chemical classification systems attempt to classify elements or compounds according to certain chemical functional or structural properties. Whereas the structural properties are largely intrinsic, functional properties and the derived classifications depend to a certain degree on the type of chemical interaction partners on which the function is exerted. Sometimes other criteria like purely physical ones (e.g. molecular weight) or - on the other hand - functional properties above the chemical level are also used for building chemical taxonomies.
Some systems mix the various levels, resulting in hierarchies where the domains are slightly confused, for example having structural and functional aspects end up on the same level. Whereas chemical function is closely dependent on chemical structure, the situation becomes more involved when e.g. pharmacological function is integrated, because the QSAR can usually not be directly computed from structural qualities.
Physico-chemical classification
by molecular weight
by electrical charge: uncharged, positively, negatively, partially charged
formal charge, oxidation state
solubility
pH value
Functional classification
Chemical function
by functional group
Pharmacological/biological function
Mostly appropriate only for large biological molecules (as at least one interacting partner), in particular enzymes, depends on chemical functions of their constituent amino acids.
ligand vs. receptor, coenzyme
EC number
TC number
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeuroDimension
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NeuroDimension, Inc. was a software company specializing in neural networks, adaptive systems, and genetic optimization and made software tools for developing and implementing these artificial intelligence technologies. NeuroSolutions is a general-purpose neural network development environment and TradingSolutions is a tool for developing trading systems based on neural networks and genetic algorithms.
NeuroDimension was acquired by nDimensional, Inc. in 2016.
History
Formation and NeuroSolutions
Prior to the acquisition of NeuroDimension (in 2016), it was a software development company headquartered in Gainesville, Florida and founded in 1991 by Steven Reid, MD, Jose Principe, PhD (Director of the Computational Neural Engineering Lab at the University of Florida) and Curt Lefebvre, PhD (CEO of nDimensional). Dr. Reid provided the initial capital to get the company off the ground. Dr. Principe provided the engineering staff with technical direction and had helped secure research grant funding for the company. Dr. Lefebvre was the principal author of the company’s core neural network technology.
The company was formed around a software tool, NeuroSolutions, which enables engineers and researchers to model their data using neural networks.
Financial Analysis and TradingSolutions
In 1997, it became apparent that one of the most common uses of NeuroSolutions was to create neural network models to time the financial markets.
Released in 2008, Trader68 handles the trading
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonic%20ceramic%20fuel%20cell
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A protonic ceramic fuel cell or PCFC is a fuel cell based around a ceramic, solid, electrolyte material as the proton conductor from anode to cathode. These fuel cells produce electricity by removing an electron from a hydrogen atom, pushing the charged hydrogen atom through the ceramic membrane, and returning the electron to the hydrogen on the other side of the ceramic membrane during a reaction with oxygen. The reaction of many proposed fuels in PCFCs produce electricity and heat, the latter keeping the device at a suitable temperature. Efficient proton conductivity through most discovered ceramic electrolyte materials require elevated operational temperatures around 600-700 degrees Celsius, however intermediate temperature (200-400 degrees Celsius) ceramic fuel cells and lower temperature alternative are an active area of research. In addition to hydrogen gas, the ability to operate at intermediate and high temperatures enables the use of a variety of liquid hydrogen carrier fuels, including: ammonia, and methane. The technology shares the thermal and kinetic advantages of high temperature molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells, while exhibiting all of the intrinsic benefits of proton conduction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC). PCFCs exhaust water at the cathode and unused fuel, fuel reactant products and fuel impurities at the anode. Common chemical compositions of the ceramic membranes are barium zirconate (BaZ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doob%20martingale
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In the mathematical theory of probability, a Doob martingale (named after Joseph L. Doob, also known as a Levy martingale) is a stochastic process that approximates a given random variable and has the martingale property with respect to the given filtration. It may be thought of as the evolving sequence of best approximations to the random variable based on information accumulated up to a certain time.
When analyzing sums, random walks, or other additive functions of independent random variables, one can often apply the central limit theorem, law of large numbers, Chernoff's inequality, Chebyshev's inequality or similar tools. When analyzing similar objects where the differences are not independent, the main tools are martingales and Azuma's inequality.
Definition
Let be any random variable with . Suppose is a filtration, i.e. when . Define
then is a martingale, namely Doob martingale, with respect to filtration .
To see this, note that
;
as .
In particular, for any sequence of random variables on probability space and function such that , one could choose
and filtration such that
i.e. -algebra generated by . Then, by definition of Doob martingale, process where
forms a Doob martingale. Note that . This martingale can be used to prove McDiarmid's inequality.
McDiarmid's inequality
The Doob martingale was introduced by Joseph L. Doob in 1940 to establish concentration inequalities such as McDiarmid's inequality, which applies to functions that satisfy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbhakarna%20Mountain
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Mount Kumbhakarna or Jannu (Limbu: Phoktanglungma) is the 32nd-highest mountain in the world. It is an important western outlier of Kangchenjunga, the world's third-highest peak. Kumbhakarna is a large and steep peak in its own right, and has numerous challenging climbing routes.
The official name of this peak is Kumbhakarna, but the designation Jannu is still better known. It is called Phoktanglungma, literally "mountain with shoulders" (phoktang means "shoulder" and lungma means "mountain"), in the Limbu language, and is sacred in the Kirant religion.
Location
Kumbhakarna is the highest peak of the Kumbhakarna Section of the Kangchenjunga Himal (using H. Adams Carter's classification), which straddles the border between Nepal and Sikkim, and lies entirely within Nepal. A long ridge connects it with Kangchenjunga to the east.
Notable features
Kumbhakarna is the 32nd highest mountain in the world
(using a cutoff of 500m prominence, or re-ascent).
It is more notable for its climbing challenge, and is one of the hardest peaks in the world in
terms of technical difficulty because of its complex structure, its vertical relief, and the particularly steep climbing near the summit. The north face, in particular, has been the scene of some of the most technical (and controversial) climbing achieved at altitudes over 7000m.
Climbing history
Kumbhakarna Jannu was first reconnoitered in 1957 by Guido Magnone, and first attempted in 1959 by a French team led by Jean Franco. It w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfusion-related%20acute%20lung%20injury
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Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the serious complication of transfusion of blood products that is characterized by the rapid onset of excess fluid in the lungs. It can cause dangerous drops in the supply of oxygen to body tissues. Although changes in transfusion practices have reduced the incidence of TRALI, it was the leading cause of transfusion-related deaths in the United States from fiscal year 2008 through fiscal year 2012.
Signs and symptoms
It is often impossible to distinguish TRALI from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The typical presentation of TRALI is the sudden development of shortness of breath, severe hypoxemia (O2 saturation <90% in room air), low blood pressure, and fever that develop within 6 hours after transfusion and usually resolve with supportive care within 48 to 96 hours. Although low blood pressure is considered one of the important signs for diagnosing TRALI, in some cases high blood pressure can occur.
Delayed TRALI occurs 6 to 72 hours after transfusion completion. It is associated with a higher rate of mortality.
Cause
The cause of TRALI is currently not fully understood. 80–85% of cases are thought to be immune mediated. Antibodies directed toward human leukocyte antigens (HLA) or human neutrophil antigens (HNA) have been implicated, with transfused antibodies shown to bind antigens expressed on pulmonary endothelial cells to initiate acute inflammation in the lungs. Women who are multiparous (have carried more t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20New%20Zealand%20urban%20areas%20by%20population
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This article lists urban areas of New Zealand—as defined by Statistics New Zealand—ranked by population. Only the 150 largest urban areas are listed.
Urban areas are defined by the Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 (SSGA18).
See also
List of cities in New Zealand
List of towns in New Zealand
References
Lists of urban areas
Urban areas
Urban areas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti%20Urban%20Area
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The Kapiti Urban Area is a statistical area that was defined by Statistics New Zealand to cover a group of urban settlements of the Kāpiti Coast District, in the Wellington Region. It was classified as a main urban area under the New Zealand Standard Areas Classification 1992 because its population exceeded 30,000.
The settlements comprise (north to south):
Waikanae
Paraparaumu (including Otaihanga, Raumati Beach and Raumati South)
Paekākāriki
The largest settlement is Paraparaumu. Raumati may be considered a suburb of Paraparaumu or a separate town in its own right – there are no legal definitions for towns in New Zealand. Kapiti Urban Area is better described as a commuter area of Wellington than an independent city.
Under Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018, Kapiti Urban Area was split into separate urban areas for the three settlements.
The Kāpiti Coast District also includes the settlements of Te Horo and Ōtaki, which are outside Kapiti Urban Area.
References
Kāpiti Coast District
Main urban areas in New Zealand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasy%20comics
|
Fantasy comics have been around as long as comics. The classification "fantasy comics" broadly encompasses illustrated books set in an other-worldly universe or involving elements or actors outside our reality. Fantasy has been a mainstay of fiction for centuries, but burgeoned in the late 1930s and early 1940s, spurred by authors such as C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien. They inspired comic book producers. Fantasy-themed books—driven by superhero comics gaining popularity through the 1960s—grew to dominate the field. In the 1990s, authors such as Neil Gaiman helped expand the genre with his critically acclaimed Sandman series.
History
In the American market, fantasy comics began in the Golden Age of Comic Books, which was populated with notable works such as All-American Publications (and later DC Comics). Greek myth inspired super heroes including Wonder Woman and Dell's Tarzan.
Starting in the late 1940s, horror-themed fantasy anthologies gained prominence, including EC Comics' Tales from the Crypt, Haunt of Fear, and Vault of Horror; and titles such as American Comics Group Adventures into the Unknown and Forbidden Worlds. This trend faded with the publication of Dr. Fredric Wertham's book Seduction of the Innocent, which led to a Senate hearing that claimed a purported relationship between comics and juvenile violence. Fantasy comics survived in this new atmosphere, though in a diminished capacity.
Fantasy-themed super heroes continued to populate comics through the 1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordine
|
Rutherfordine is a mineral containing almost pure uranyl carbonate (UO2CO3). It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in translucent lathlike, elongated, commonly radiating in fibrous, and in pulverulent, earthy to very fine-grained dense masses. It has a specific gravity of 5.7 and exhibits two directions of cleavage. It appears as brownish, brownish yellow, white, light brown orange, or light yellow fluorescent encrustations. It is also known as diderichite.
It was first described in 1906 for an occurrence in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania. It was named for Ernest Rutherford. It has been reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Northern Territory of Australia and a variety of locations worldwide.
It occurs as a secondary mineral as a weathering product of uraninite. In addition to uraninite it occurs associated with the rare minerals becquerelite, masuyite, schoepite, kasolite, curite, boltwoodite, vandendriesscheite, billietite, metatorbernite, fourmarierite, studtite and sklodowskite. It forms under acidic to neutral pH and is the only known mineral that contains only uranyl and carbonate.
References
Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1951) Dana's system of mineralogy, 7th ed., v. II, pp. 274–275.
Carbonate minerals
Uranium(VI) minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 44
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20jelly
|
Crystal jelly or crystal jellyfish may refer to:
Aequorea victoria, a Northern European species
Aequorea vitrina, an American species
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20census%20in%20Hong%20Kong
|
Population censuses / by-censuses in Hong Kong are conducted by the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. The aim is to provide up-to-date benchmark statistics on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population and on its geographical distribution. Since 1961, a population census has been conducted in Hong Kong every 10 years and a by-census in the middle of the intercensal period. The last census, 2021 population census in Hong Kong was conducted by C&SD from 23 June to 4 August 2021.
Objectives
It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every 10 years and a population by-census in the middle of the intercensal period. The next population census will be conducted in 2021. The aim is to provide up-to-date benchmark statistics on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population and on its geographical distribution. Such statistics are vital to the Government for planning and policy formulation. It is also important to the private sector and academia for business and research purposes.
Census and Statistics Ordinance
The Census and Statistics Ordinance, which was first effective in 1978, is the main law governing the work of the C&SD. Under Section 9 of the Census and Statistics Ordinance, the Chief Executive in Council (Cap 316) makes a Census Order for each round of population census / by-census.
Apart from the dates for conducting the population census, the O
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-frequency%20receiver
|
Multi-Frequency signalling, (MF), is similar to the European version, CCITT Signaling System 5, (SS5). The original format was five tones used in pairs. This later evolved to six tones. Because its six tones are used only in pairs, this signaling format is sometimes referred to as "two-out-of-five code" or "two of six."
Multi-Frequency receivers have been present in US telephony at least since the late 1940s. In 1940s technology, receivers in 4XB and similar equipment used vacuum tubes. Later ones used RC filters and transistors. Digital filters became commonplace in electronic switching systems of the 1980s. For example, in 5ESS switch such jobs are done by DSPs in the Global Digital Services Unit (GDSU).
References
The 5ESS Switching System (The AT&T Technical Journal, July–August 1985, Vol. 64, No. 6, Part 2)
Multi-Frequency Pulsing in Switching (AIEE Transactions, Volume 68, Part 1, 1949, pp. 392–396)
Multi-Frequency Pulsing in Switching (Electrical Engineering, June 1949, pp. 505–510)
Telephony signals
Telephony equipment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lya%20enumeration%20theorem
|
The Pólya enumeration theorem, also known as the Redfield–Pólya theorem and Pólya counting, is a theorem in combinatorics that both follows from and ultimately generalizes Burnside's lemma on the number of orbits of a group action on a set. The theorem was first published by J. Howard Redfield in 1927. In 1937 it was independently rediscovered by George Pólya, who then greatly popularized the result by applying it to many counting problems, in particular to the enumeration of chemical compounds.
The Pólya enumeration theorem has been incorporated into symbolic combinatorics and the theory of combinatorial species.
Simplified, unweighted version
Let X be a finite set and let G be a group of permutations of X (or a finite symmetry group that acts on X). The set X may represent a finite set of beads, and G may be a chosen group of permutations of the beads. For example, if X is a necklace of n beads in a circle, then rotational symmetry is relevant so G is the cyclic group Cn, while if X is a bracelet of n beads in a circle, rotations and reflections are relevant so G is the dihedral group Dn of order 2n. Suppose further that Y is a finite set of colors — the colors of the beads — so that YX is the set of colored arrangements of beads (more formally: YX is the set of functions .) Then the group G acts on YX. The Pólya enumeration theorem counts the number of orbits under G of colored arrangements of beads by the following formula:
where is the number of colors and c(g) is t
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20J.%20Ebers%20Award
|
The J. J. Ebers Award was established in 1971 to foster progress in electron devices. It commemorates Jewell James Ebers, whose contributions, particularly to transistors, shaped the understanding and technology of electron devices. It is presented annually to one or more individuals who have made either a single or a series of contributions of recognized scientific, economic, or social significance in the broad field of electron devices. The recipient (or recipients) is awarded a certificate and check for $5,000, presented at the International Electron Devices Meeting.
Recipients
The past recipients are:
1971 John L. Moll
1972 Charles W. Mueller
1973 Herbert Kroemer
1974 Andrew S. Grove
1975 Jacques I. Pankove
1976 Marion E. Hines
1977 Anthony E. Siegman
1978 Hung C. Lin
1979 James M. Early
1980 James D. Meindl
1981 Chih-Tang Sah
1982 Arthur G. Milnes
1983 Adolf Goetzberger
1984 Izuo Hayashi
1985 Walter F. Kosonocky
1986 Pallab K. Chatterjee
1987 Robert W. Dutton
1988 Al F. Tasch Jr.
1989 Tak H. Ning
1990 Yoshiyuki Takeishi
1991 Simon Min Sze
1992 Louis C. Parrillo
1993 Karl Hess
1994 Alfred U. Macrae
1995 Martin A. Green
1996 Tetsushi Sakai
1997 Marvin H. White
1998 B. Jayant Baliga
1999 James T. Clemens
2000 Bernard S. Meyerson
2001 Hiroshi Iwai
2002 Lester F. Eastman
2003 James D. Plummer
2004 Jerry G. Fossum
2005 Bijan Davari "for contributions to deep-submicron CMOS technology and their impact on the IC industry"
2006 Ghavam Shahidi "for contributions and leadership i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken%20%28Scheme%20implementation%29
|
Chicken (stylized as CHICKEN) is a programming language, specifically a compiler and interpreter which implement a dialect of the programming language Scheme, and which compiles Scheme source code to standard C. It is mostly R5RS compliant and offers many extensions to the standard. The newer R7RS standard is supported through an extension library. Chicken is free and open-source software available under a BSD license. It is implemented mostly in Scheme, with some parts in C for performance or to make embedding into C programs easier.
Focus
Chicken's focus is quickly clear from its slogan: "A practical and portable Scheme system".
Chicken's main focus is the practical application of Scheme for writing real-world software. Scheme is well known for its use in computer science curricula and programming language experimentation, but it has seen little use in business and industry. Chicken's community has produced a large set of libraries to perform a variety of tasks. The Chicken wiki (the software running it is also a Chicken program) also contains a list of software that has been written in Chicken.
Chicken's other goal is to be portable. By compiling to an intermediate representation, in this case portable C (as do Gambit and Bigloo), programs written in Chicken can be compiled for common popular operating systems such as Linux, macOS, other Unix-like systems, Windows, Haiku, and mobile platforms iOS and Android. It also has built-in support for cross-compiling programs and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raju
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The Raju are a Telugu caste found mostly in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
Varna Status
The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims Kshatriya status in the varna system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.
Raju is a Telugu language variant of the Sanskrit title Raja, a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being:
In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular Brahmins, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the Vedic four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a caste. However, they do appear to have conformed to
Temple inscriptions from the period of the Kakatiya dynasty, a South Indian dynasty that flourished between 1175-1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical rajus as donors, together with peasant leaders called Reddies.
Modern community
Population
A report published by the Overseas Development Institute in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the Kapu and Velama they were
the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the coastal r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir%20Hisar%20%28region%29
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Demir Hisar (), also known as Železnik (), is an area spreading on the South West part of Macedonia to the North West of the Pelagonian plain, around the river flow of the Crna River with her inflows. The greater parts of the surrounding area of Demir Hisar are smaller hills and mountains, and a small part which is spread around the mentioned river is low lands. A signature of this area are the mountains Bigla, Ilinska and Plakenska, on which is the highest peak reaching 2000 m which separates the region of Demir Hisar with the lake regions of Prespa and Ohrid.
Name
The name of Demir Hisar derives from the treasure of iron which the surrounding mountains in this region have, which is why it is called Iron Fortress. The name has been changed according to the ruler and his ruling period. When it was ruled by the Ottoman army, the name was changed into "Demir Hisar" which in their language also means "Iron Fortress". "Demir Hisar" was maintained as the town's name when in Yugoslavia, and remained so in Macedonia.
Population
The community of Demir Hisar comprises 10,610 inhabitants, 0.53% of the population of Macedonia, and 21% of them live in the town Demir Hisar. The town is spread over 473 km² and it is accounted that nearly 23.6 people live per square kilometre. With the new structure of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, the municipality of Sopotnica was integrated into Demir Hisar municipality. Today the municipality of Demir Hisar is spread over a territory of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Lewis%20%28actress%29
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Lorna Lewis (died June 1, 2013) was an American actress who moved to the UK in the 1970s. She remains best known for her role as Pet Simpson in two series of the BBC television drama Survivors between 1976 and 1977. Her other television work includes: The Wild Wild West, Doomwatch, mixed Blessings and Maelstrom.
She retired from acting in the late Eighties and entered the priesthood, having been ordained as a Deacon Curate in 2003 in the parish of Wye in Kent, England.
Filmography
Overlord (1975)
External links
Career profile on Survivors site
Obituary on the Wyeweb site
"Survivors" newsletter
English television actresses
2013 deaths
Year of birth missing
American emigrants to England
American expatriates in England
American television actresses
English Anglicans
Alumni of RADA
21st-century British women
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochlainn%20O%27Raifeartaigh
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Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh (; 11 March 1933 – 18 November 2000) was an Irish physicist in the field of theoretical particle physics. He is best known for the O'Raifeartaigh Theorem, a result in unification theory, and the O'Raifeartaigh Model of supersymmetry breaking.
O'Raifeartaigh was born in Clontarf, Dublin in 1933, and attended St. Joseph's C.B.S. in Fairview and Castleknock College.
Most of his scientific career was centred on that city, where he obtained his first degrees at University College Dublin (BA in 1953 and MSc in Mathematical Physics in 1956), and spent from 1968 until his death as Senior Professor at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Zurich in 1960, under Walter Heitler. He also visited many institutions, notably Madras, IHES Bures, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, but it was during an extended stay at Syracuse University (1964-8) that he made the discovery that established his reputation. This result, which became known as O'Raifeartaigh's no-go theorem, showed that it was impossible to combine internal and relativistic symmetries other than in a trivial fashion, thus ending a widespread quest by the particle physics community to achieve this fusion. The O'Raifeartaigh theorem was later generalized to a result known as the Coleman–Mandula theorem.
O'Raifeartaigh's prolific career in theoretical physics was manifested by many fundamental contributions to the application
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP1
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HP1 or variant, may refer to:
Heterochromatin Protein 1, an important marker molecule in epigenetic research
The postal code for part of Hemel Hempstead in Dacorum, see HP postcode area
hP1, a Pearson symbol
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the first novel in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film), the first film in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series
Handley Page Type A aka H.P.1, an airplane
HP-1, a glider designed by Richard Schreder
HP1, a type of photographic stock, see Ilford HP
Haemophilus phage HP1, a virus
Hp.1 (proceed), from German railway signalling
See also
HP (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioGRID
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The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) is a curated biological database of protein-protein interactions, genetic interactions, chemical interactions, and post-translational modifications created in 2003 (originally referred to as simply the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (GRID) by Mike Tyers, Bobby-Joe Breitkreutz, and Chris Stark at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital. It strives to provide a comprehensive curated resource for all major model organism species while attempting to remove redundancy to create a single mapping of data. Users of The BioGRID can search for their protein, chemical or publication of interest and retrieve annotation, as well as curated data as reported, by the primary literature and compiled by in house large-scale curation efforts. The BioGRID is hosted in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Dallas, Texas, United States and is partnered with the Saccharomyces Genome Database, FlyBase, WormBase, PomBase, and the Alliance of Genome Resources. The BioGRID is funded by the NIH and CIHR. BioGRID is an observer member of the International Molecular Exchange Consortium (IMEx).
History
The BioGRID was originally published and released as simply the General Repository for Interaction Datasets but was later renamed to the BioGRID in order to more concisely describe the project, and help distinguish it from several GRID Computing projects with a similar name. Originally separated into organism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burimamide
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Burimamide is an antagonist at the H2 and H3 histamine receptors. At physiological pH, it is largely inactive as an H2 antagonist, but its H3 affinity is 100x higher. It is a thiourea derivative.
Burimamide was first developed by scientists at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) in their intent to develop a histamine antagonist for the treatment of peptic ulcers. The discovery of burimamide ultimately led to the development of cimetidine (Tagamet).
See also
Metiamide
Cimetidine
References
H2 receptor antagonists
H3 receptor antagonists
Imidazoles
Thioureas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haag%E2%80%93%C5%81opusza%C5%84ski%E2%80%93Sohnius%20theorem
|
In theoretical physics, the Haag–Łopuszański–Sohnius theorem states that if both commutating and anticommutating generators are considered, then the only way to nontrivially mix spacetime and internal symmetries is through supersymmetry. The anticommutating generators must be spin-1/2 spinors which can additionally admit their own internal symmetry known as R-symmetry. The theorem is a generalization of the Coleman–Mandula theorem to Lie superalgebras. It was proved in 1975 by Rudolf Haag, Jan Łopuszański, and Martin Sohnius as a response to the development of the first supersymmetric field theories by Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino in 1974.
History
During the 1960s, a set of theorems investigating how internal symmetries can be combined with spacetime symmetries were proved, with the most general being the Coleman–Mandula theorem. It showed that the Lie group symmetry of an interacting theory must necessarily be a direct product of the Poincaré group with some compact internal group. Unaware of this theorem, during the early 1970s a number of authors independently came up with supersymmetry, seemingly in contradiction to the theorem since there some generators do transform non-trivially under spacetime transformations.
In 1974 Jan Łopuszański visited Karlsruhe from Wrocław shortly after Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino constructed the first supersymmetric quantum field theory, the Wess–Zumino model. Speaking to Wess, Łopuszański was interested in figuring out how these new theo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour%20Statistics%20Convention%2C%201985
|
Labour Statistics Convention, 1985 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1985, with the preamble stating:
Ratifications
As of 2023, the convention had been ratified by 51 states.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Statistical data agreements
Treaties concluded in 1985
Treaties entered into force in 1988
Treaties of Armenia
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Austria
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Treaties of Benin
Treaties of Bolivia
Treaties of Brazil
Treaties of Canada
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of Costa Rica
Treaties of Cyprus
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of the Czech Republic
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of El Salvador
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of Germany
Treaties of Greece
Treaties of Guatemala
Treaties of Hungary
Treaties of India
Treaties of Ireland
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of South Korea
Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of Lithuania
Treaties of Mauritius
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Moldova
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Poland
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Treaties of San Marino
Treaties of Slovakia
Treaties of Spain
Treaties of Sri Lanka
Treaties of Eswatini
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Tajikistan
Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equiaxed%20crystal
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Equiaxed crystals are crystals that have axes of approximately the same length.
Equiaxed grains can in some cases be an indication for recrystallization.
Equiaxed crystals can be achieved by heat treatment, namely annealing and normalizing.
References
According to Mabuchi, Yamada et al. in "The grain size dependence of strength in the extruded AZ91 M alloy", in "Magnesium Alloys and their Applications", edited by K.U. Kainer (2000),
Crystals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBF
|
KBF may refer to:
Kakauhua language, ISO 639-3 language code kbf
Kelvin body force, a force on a fluid in a magnetic field
King Baudouin Foundation, a Belgian organisation
Kirkby-in-Furness, a village in England
Kirkby-in-Furness railway station, England, National Rail station code KBF
Knott's Berry Farm, an amusement park in California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazuoki%20Azuma
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(born 1939) is a Japanese mathematician. Azuma's inequality in probability theory is named after him.
Publications
References
External links
, archived at the Internet Archive
Partial Bibliography at CiNii (also here, and perhaps at other slightly variant names)
1939 births
Living people
20th-century Japanese mathematicians
21st-century Japanese mathematicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiendish%20Regression
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Fiendish Regression is the sixth album by Swedish death metal band Grave. It was released on August 23, 2004 through Century Media Records.
Track listing
Personnel
Grave
Pelle Ekegren - Drums
Jonas Torndal - Guitars
Ola Lindgren - Vocals, Guitars
Fredrik Isaksson - Bass
Production
Olle Carlsson - Photography (band)
Jacek Wiśniewski - Cover art
Tommy Tägtgren - Recording, Mixing, Producer
Peter Tägtgren - Producer
Henrik Jonsson - Mastering
Ola Lindgren - Recording, Mixing, Lyrics
Stefan Wibbeke - Layout, Design
References
2004 albums
Grave (band) albums
Century Media Records albums
Albums produced by Peter Tägtgren
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucopurulent%20discharge
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Mucopurulent discharge is the emission or secretion of fluid containing mucus and pus (muco- pertaining to mucus and purulent pertaining to pus) from the eye, nose, cervix, vagina or other part of the body due to infection and inflammation.
Types include:
In ophthalmology, mucopurulent discharge from the eyes, and caught in the eyelashes, is a hallmark sign of bacterial conjunctivitis. The normal buildup of tears, mucus, and dirt (compare rheum) that appears at the edge of the eyelids after sleep is not mucopurulent discharge, as it does not contain pus.
Vaginal discharge
References
"Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review of Diagnosis and Treatment" – NCBI
Symptoms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun-ichi%20Nishizawa
|
was a Japanese engineer and inventor. He is known for his electronic inventions since the 1950s, including the PIN diode, static induction transistor, static induction thyristor, SIT/SITh. His inventions contributed to the development of internet technology and the information age.
He was a professor at Sophia University. He is considered the "Father of Japanese Microelectronics".
Biography
Nishizawa was born in Sendai, Japan, on September 12, 1926. He earned a B.S. in 1948, and a Doctor of Engineering degree in 1960, from Tohoku University.
In 1953, he joined the Research Institute of Electrical Communication at Tohoku University.
He became a professor there and was appointed director to two research institutes.
From 1990 to 1996, Nishizawa served as the President of Tohoku University.
He became the president of Iwate Prefectural University in 1998.
Research
In 1950, the static induction transistor was invented by Jun-ichi Nishizawa and Y. Watanabe. The PIN photodiode was also invented by Nishizawa and his colleagues in 1950.
In 1952, he invented the avalanche photodiode. He then invented a solid-state maser in 1955. This was followed by his proposal for a semiconductor optical maser in 1957, a year before Schawlow and Townes's first paper on optical masers.
While working at Tohoku University, he proposed fiber-optic communication, the use of optical fibers for optical communication, in 1963. Nishizawa other invented technologies in the 1960s that contributed to the d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Kaurna
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Kaurna is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after the Kaurna aboriginal tribe which originally inhabited the Adelaide plains, it is a 44.7 km² semi-urban electorate on Adelaide's far-southern beaches, taking in the suburbs of Hackham, Huntfield Heights, Maslin Beach, Moana, Noarlunga Downs, Old Noarlunga, Port Noarlunga South, Seaford, Seaford Heights, Seaford Meadows and Seaford Rise, as well as part of Onkaparinga Hills. It is one of two state districts named after South Australia's indigenous people (the other being the electoral district of Narungga).
History
Replacing the abolished seat of Baudin, Kaurna was created in the 1991 electoral distribution as a marginal Labor seat. It was first contested at the 1993 election, where it was won by Liberal candidate Lorraine Rosenberg as part of a large swing throughout the state. However, she was swept away at the 1997 election, with John Hill reclaiming the seat for Labor. For most of the time since then, it has been a fairly safe to safe Labor seat, as its predecessor Baudin had been for most of its existence.
John Hill resigned from parliament at the 2014 election, replaced by Labor's Chris Picton.
Members for Kaurna
Election results
Notes
References
ECSA profile for Kaurna: 2018
ABC profile for Kaurna: 2018
Poll Bludger profile for Kaurna: 2018
1993 establishments in Australia
Electoral districts of South Australia
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