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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%203593 | NGC 3593 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It has a morphological classification of SA(s)0/a, which indicates it is a lenticular galaxy of the pure spiral type. Despite this, it has a large amount of hydrogen, both in its molecular () and atomic (H) form. It is a starburst galaxy, which means it is forming new stars at a high rate. This is occurring in a band of gas surrounding the central nucleus. There is a single arm, which spirals outward from this ring. It is frequently but not consistently identified as a member of the Leo Triplet group.
This galaxy is known to contain two counter-rotating populations of stars—that is, one set of stars is rotating in the opposite direction with respect to the other. One means for this to occur is by acquiring gas from an external source, which then undergoes star formation. An alternative is by a merger with a second galaxy. Neither scenario has been ruled out. The age of the lower mass, counter-rotating population is younger by about than the primary star population of the galaxy.
A dynamical study found that there is likely a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of NGC 3593. The mass of the SMBH is between and solar masses.
References
External links
HubbleSite NewsCenter: Pictures and description on NGC 3593
Unbarred spiral galaxies
Leo (constellation)
3593
34257
06272
Virgo Supercluster |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagi%20of%20Ginti | Tagi was the ruler/mayor of ancient Ginti–(Gintikirmil), of the 14th century BC Amarna letters. Tagi's name is a Hurrian hypocoristicon for the word beautiful.
Tagi was the father-in-law of Milkilu, mayor of ancient Gazru-(modern Gezer), (one of three mayors). Tagi was the author of 3 short, but complete Amarna letters, EA 264-66, (EA for 'el Amarna'), and Tagi is also referenced in two other letters. The authored letters are written to the pharaoh of Egypt.
The 3 letters of Tagi
EA 264: "The ubiquitous king"-(Caravans)
To the king, m[y] lord: Message of Tagi, you[r] servant. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord, 7 times and 7 times. As I am the servant of the king, I tried to assemble a caravan, with my brother in charge, but he barely escaped being killed. He is unable to send my caravan to the king, my lord. Ask your commissioner if my brother did not barely escape being killed. Moreover, as far as we are concerned, it is to you that my eyes (are directed). Should we go up into the sky: (ša-me-ma), or should we go down into the netherworld, our head: (ru-šu-nu), is in your hand. So now I try herewith to send my caravan to the king, my lord, with a partner of mine in charge. May the king, my lord, be informed that I serve the king and am on my guard. —EA 264, lines 1-25 (complete)
EA 265: "A gift acknowledged"
Letter two of three letters by Tagi of Ginti, (Gintikirmil).
To the king, my lord: Message of Tagi, your servant. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord. My |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpulmonary%20pressure | Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity. During human ventilation, air flows because of pressure gradients.
Ptp = Palv – Pip. Where Ptp is transpulmonary pressure, Palv is alveolar pressure, and Pip is intrapleural pressure.
Physiology
Since atmospheric pressure is relatively constant, pressure in the lungs must be higher or lower than atmospheric pressure for air to flow between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
If 'transpulmonary pressure' = 0 (alveolar pressure = intrapleural pressure), such as when the lungs are removed from the chest cavity or air enters the intrapleural space (a pneumothorax), the lungs collapse as a result of their inherent elastic recoil. Under physiological conditions the transpulmonary pressure is always positive; intrapleural pressure is always negative and relatively large, while alveolar pressure moves from slightly negative to slightly positive as a person breathes. For a given lung volume, the transpulmonary pressure is equal and opposite to the elastic recoil pressure of the lung.
The transpulmonary pressure vs volume curve of inhalation (usually plotted as volume as a function of pressure) is different from that of exhalation, the difference being described as hysteresis. Lung volume at any given pressure during inhalation is less than the lung volume at any given pressure during exhalation.
Measurement
Transpulmonary pressure can be measured by placing p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrotactin | Astrotactin-1, abbreviated ASTN1, is a glycoprotein expressed primarily in the central nervous system. ASTN1 and its counterpart ASTN2 are involved in regulation of adhesion during the radial migration of neurons in the developing CNS. Astrotactin is a neuronal adhesion molecule required for glial-guided migration of young postmitotic neuroblasts with expression is primarily located in the cells of cortical regions of the developing brain including; cerebrum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb.
Biochemical properties
ASTN-1 is created via developmental pathways via mRNA, the astrotactin-1 protein is generated from Chromosome 1: 176,861,067-177,164,712 and the Gencode Gene: ENSG00000152092.16 with a base pair size of 303,646 and total Exon count of 23. Composed of 1294 amino acids on average with some variations of 1302, 1228, and 1216 depending on an individual's genetic composition. Astrotactin-1 appears highly conserved as mutations are quite rare with 2 deletions and a single duplication recorded within a sample of 64,114 subjects. ASTN1 features a relatively short amino terminus coupled with a longer carboxyl terminus within the extracellular matrix of their environment that may aid in the protein function of movement.
Considered a Multi-pass membrane protein responsible for the neuronal migrations in cortical regions of the brain are guided by a system of radial glial fibers. This process begins via gene signaling during fetal development and lasts until brai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20sound | Second sound is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which heat transfer occurs by wave-like motion, rather than by the more usual mechanism of diffusion. Its presence leads to a very high thermal conductivity. It is known as "second sound" because the wave motion of entropy and temperature is similar to the propagation of pressure waves in air (sound). The phenomenon of second sound was first described by Lev Landau in 1941.
Normal sound waves are fluctuations in the displacement and density of molecules in a substance;
second sound waves are fluctuations in the density of particle-like thermal excitations (rotons and phonons).
Second sound can be observed in any system in which most phonon-phonon collisions conserve momentum, like superfluids and in some dielectric crystals when Umklapp scattering is small.
(Umklapp phonon-phonon scattering exchanges momentum with the crystal lattice, so phonon momentum is not conserved.)
In helium II
Second sound is observed in liquid helium at temperatures below the lambda point, 2.1768 K, where 4He becomes a superfluid known as helium II.
Helium II has the highest thermal conductivity of any known material (several hundred times higher than copper). Second sound can be observed either as pulses or in a resonant cavity.
The speed of second sound is close to zero near the lambda point, increasing to approximately 20 m/s around 1.8 K, about ten times slower than normal sound waves.
At temperatures below 1 K, the speed of second sound in he |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20S%20%28mtDNA%29 | In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.
Origin
Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).
Distribution
It is found in the Indigenous Australian population. Haplogroup S2 found in Willandra Lakes human remain WLH4 dated back Late Holocene (3,000-500 years ago).
The following table lists relevant GenBank samples:
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research. The TMRCA for haplogroup S is between 49 and 51 KYA according to Nano Nagle's Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity publication that published in 2017.
S (64-40 kya) in Australia
S1 (53-32 kya) in Australia
S1a (44-29 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and NSW
S1b (37-22 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
S1b1 (30-10 kya) found in NT and QLD
S1b1a (24-6 kya) found in QLD
S1b2 (17-3 kya) found in QLD
S1b3 (20-4 kya) found in QLD and NSW
S2 (44-22 kya) in Australia
S2a (38-18 kya) found in NT, QLD, NSW and TAS
S2a1 (31-12 kya) found in NSW, QLD and TAS
S2a1a (19-6 kya) found in NSW and QLD
S2a2 (38-11 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
S2b (42-18 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and VIC
S2b1(27-9 kya) foun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20pre-JT | Haplogroup pre-JT is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). It is also called R2'JT.
Origin
Haplogroup pre-JT is a descendant of the haplogroup R. It is characterised by genetic marker at 4216. The pre-JT clade has two direct descendant lineages, haplogroup JT and haplogroup R2.
Distribution
Subclades
Its subclade is Haplogroup JT, which further divides into Haplogroup J and Haplogroup T.
Tree
See also
Genealogical DNA test
Genetic genealogy
Human mitochondrial genetics
Population genetics
References
External links
Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
JT |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetoacetate%20decarboxylase | Acetoacetate decarboxylase (AAD or ADC) is an enzyme () involved in both the ketone body production pathway in humans and other mammals, and solventogenesis in bacteria. Acetoacetate decarboxylase plays a key role in solvent production by catalyzing the decarboxylation of acetoacetate, yielding acetone and carbon dioxide.
This enzyme has been of particular interest because it is a classic example of how pKa values of ionizable groups in the enzyme active site can be significantly perturbed. Specifically, the pKa value of lysine 115 in the active site is unusually low, allowing for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate and catalysis.
History
Acetoacetate decarboxylase is an enzyme with major historical implications, specifically in World War I and in establishing the state of Israel. During the war the Allies needed pure acetone as a solvent for nitro-cellulose, a highly flammable compound that is the main component in gunpowder. In 1916, biochemist and future first president of Israel Chaim Weizmann was the first to isolate Clostridium acetobutylicum, a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in which acetoacetate decarboxylase is found. Weizmann was able to harness the organism's ability to yield acetone from starch in order to mass-produce explosives during the war. This led the American and British governments to install the process devised by Chaim Weizmann in several large plants in England, France, Canada, and the United States. Through Weizmann's scientific contrib |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Ford%20%28numerical%20analyst%29 | Brian Ford (OBE, born 1940, Nottingham) is a British Mathematician who founded, and until his retirement in 2004, was director of the Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG). Ford gained a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from the University of Nottingham. The NAG (then Nottingham Algorithms Group) project began in 1970 as a collaborative venture, led by Ford, between the Universities of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester, Nottingham and Oxford, and the Atlas Computer Laboratory. In 1973 the project moved to Oxford and was renamed. Ford was awarded an Order of the British Empire in 1989 in "recognition of outstanding services to British industry and research" In 2005 he was awarded an Honorary Degree from the University of Bath.
References
External links
Citation for honorary degree at Bath
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Living people
Academics of the University of Nottingham
Numerical analysts
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clans%20in%20Central%20Asia | Clans in Central Asia are political networks based on regional and tribal loyalties. Clans frequently control certain government departments, though there is fluidity between clan loyalty and membership in government agencies. The people of Central Asia self-identified by their clans prior to Russian expansion in the 19th century. After the fall of the USSR, the informal agreements between the clans were the only means with which to stabilize the new Republics. Ethnic identity did not come into play until as late as the 1980s during glasnost. The influence of the clans in the contemporary history of Central Asia is derived from the enormous importance that these have held in the past. The weaker states of Central Asia have relied on the social salience of clans to secure their own legitimacy through pacts and informal agreements. These pacts guarantee that the clans have informal access to power and resources and have allowed for the clans to become central actors in post-Soviet politics
History
Whereas Czarist colonialism had generally left Central Asia’s clans alone, Lenin declared in 1918 that the Bolsheviks would modernize the region and make its peoples into “Soviet nations.” But the vast communist bureaucracy of the Soviet party-state often failed to provide the social and economic goods it promised, and Soviet-forged identities (whether ethnonational or communist) put down only the shallowest of roots in Central Asia. Ironically, the Soviet institutions designed to d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic%20antagonist | A muscarinic receptor antagonist (MRA) is a type of anticholinergic agent that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The muscarinic receptor is a protein involved in the transmission of signals through certain parts of the nervous system, and muscarinic receptor antagonists work to prevent this transmission from occurring. Notably, muscarinic antagonists reduce the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. The normal function of the parasympathetic system is often summarised as "rest-and-digest", and includes slowing of the heart, an increased rate of digestion, narrowing of the airways, promotion of urination, and sexual arousal. Muscarinic antagonists counter this parasympathetic "rest-and-digest" response, and also work elsewhere in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Drugs with muscarinic antagonist activity are widely used in medicine, in the treatment of low heart rate, overactive bladder, respiratory problems such as asthma and COPD, and neurological problems such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. A number of other drugs, such as antipsychotics and the tricyclic family of antidepressants, have incidental muscarinic antagonist activity which can cause unwanted side effects such as difficulty urinating, dry mouth and skin, and constipation.
Acetylcholine (often abbreviated ACh) is a neurotransmitter whose receptors are proteins found in synapses and other cell membranes. Besides responding to their primary neur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic%20Messaging%20Service | Geographic Messaging Service, or GMS for short, is a new form of messaging for cell phones. It is a message associated with a geographic region that is delivered to a subscriber when they are within that region. This form of messaging extends traditional Short Messaging Service (SMS) and Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), by allowing subscribers to send and receive SMS or MMS. Similar to SMS and MMS, GMS can be the vehicle for peer-to-peer communications, as well as for other content and marketing services. For example, a tourist organization can leave tidbits about interesting locations in New York City and have them delivered to visitors when they are nearby those locations.
The technology underlying GMS is called geofencing—detecting when a cellphone crosses a geographic fence. The term GMS was coined by researchers at Bell Laboratories.
Mobile telecommunications standards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOD2 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), also known as caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15) or inflammatory bowel disease protein 1 (IBD1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOD2 gene located on chromosome 16. NOD2 plays an important role in the immune system. It recognizes bacterial molecules (peptidoglycans) and stimulates an immune reaction.
NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, which is similar in structure to resistant proteins of plants and recognizes molecules containing the specific structure called muramyl dipeptide (MDP) that is found in certain bacteria.
Structure
The C-terminal portion of the protein contains a leucine-rich repeat domain that is known to play a role in protein–protein interactions. The middle part of the protein is characterized by a NOD domain involved in protein self-oligomerization. The N-terminal portion contains two CARD domains known to play a role in apoptosis and NF-κB activation pathways.
Function
This gene is a member of the NOD1/Apaf-1 family (also known as NOD-like receptor family) and encodes a protein with two caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) and eleven leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The protein is primarily expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes. It plays a role in the immune response by recognizing the bacterial molecules which possess the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) moiety and activating the NF-κB protein.
Clinical significance
Mutations i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350%20Serie%20A | The 1949–50 Serie A season was won by Juventus.
Teams
Como and Venezia had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1949–50 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagina%20%28film%29 | Sagina is a 1974 Hindi film, produced by J. K. Kapur and directed by Tapan Sinha, the film stars Dilip Kumar, Saira Banu, Aparna Sen, Om Prakash. It was a remake of 1970 Bengali movie Sagina Mahato directed by Tapan Sinha with the same lead pair in the cast. This version was a commercial failure, and Dilip Kumar's first consecutive failure in almost three decades since 1945. His last film Dastaan (1972) was also a commercial failure.
Plot
Sagina is a factory laborer, and an aggressive, honest and lovable character who was the first to fight against the tyranny of the British bosses in the tea gardens of North-Eastern India.
Cast
Dilip Kumar as Sagina Mahato
Saira Banu as Lalita
Aparna Sen as Vishakha
Om Prakash as Guru
Kader Khan as Anupam Dutt
K. N. Singh as Factory Owner
Music
The film has music by S. D. Burman and lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. This movie marked the first and only time Kishore Kumar sang for Dilip Kumar.
"Saala Mein To Sahab Ban Gaya, Sahab Ban Ke Kaisa Tan Gaya" - Kishore Kumar
"Uparwala Dukhiyon Ki Nahi Sunta Tha" - Kishore Kumar
"Gajab Chamki Bindiya Tori Aadhi Raat" - Kishore Kumar and Asha Bhosle
"Tumre Sang To Rain Bitayee" - Kishore Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar
"Chote Chote Sapne Hamaar, Choti Asha Chota Pyar" - S. D. Burman
"Chote Chote Sapne Hamar" was reused from the Bengali film, Sagina Mahato, with music by Anup Ghoshal.
Awards and legacy
The film won the 1974 Filmfare Best Art Direction Award for Sudhendu Roy. In the 1975 film C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reassignment%20method | The method of reassignment is a technique for sharpening a time-frequency representation by mapping the data to time-frequency coordinates that are nearer to the true region of support of the analyzed signal. The method has been independently introduced by several parties under various names, including method of reassignment, remapping, time-frequency reassignment, and modified moving-window method. In
the case of the spectrogram or the short-time Fourier transform, the method of reassignment sharpens blurry time-frequency data by relocating the data according to local estimates of instantaneous frequency and group delay. This mapping to reassigned time-frequency coordinates is very precise for signals that are separable in time and frequency with respect to the analysis window.
Introduction
Many signals of interest have a distribution of energy that varies in time and frequency. For example, any sound signal having a beginning or an end has an energy distribution that varies in time, and most sounds exhibit considerable variation in both time and frequency over their duration. Time-frequency representations are commonly used to analyze or characterize such signals. They map the one-dimensional time-domain signal into a two-dimensional function of time and frequency. A time-frequency representation describes the variation of spectral energy distribution over time, much as a musical score describes the variation of musical pitch over time.
In audio signal analysis, the sp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20wavelet%20transform | In the mathematics of signal processing, the harmonic wavelet transform, introduced by David Edward Newland in 1993, is a wavelet-based linear transformation of a given function into a time-frequency representation. It combines advantages of the short-time Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transform. It can be expressed in terms of repeated Fourier transforms, and its discrete analogue can be computed efficiently using a fast Fourier transform algorithm.
Harmonic wavelets
The transform uses a family of "harmonic" wavelets indexed by two integers j (the "level" or "order") and k (the "translation"), given by , where
These functions are orthogonal, and their Fourier transforms are a square window function (constant in a certain octave band and zero elsewhere). In particular, they satisfy:
where "*" denotes complex conjugation and is Kronecker's delta.
As the order j increases, these wavelets become more localized in Fourier space (frequency) and in higher frequency bands, and conversely become less localized in time (t). Hence, when they are used as a basis for expanding an arbitrary function, they represent behaviors of the function on different timescales (and at different time offsets for different k).
However, it is possible to combine all of the negative orders (j < 0) together into a single family of "scaling" functions where
The function φ is orthogonal to itself for different k and is also orthogonal to the wavelet functions for non-negative j:
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20sensory%20nucleus%20of%20trigeminal%20nerve | The principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve (or chief sensory nucleus of V, main trigeminal sensory nucleus) is a group of second-order neurons which have cell bodies in the caudal pons.
It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V.
Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of the thalamus via the anterior trigeminothalamic tract.
However, information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral VPM of the thalamus via the dorsal trigeminothalamic tract.
Cranial nerve nuclei
Trigeminal nerve
Pons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochore%20%28genetics%29 | In genetics, an isochore is a large region of genomic DNA (greater than 300 kilobases) with a high degree of uniformity in GC content; that is, guanine (G) and cytosine (C) bases. The distribution of bases within a genome is non-random: different regions of the genome have different amounts of G-C base pairs, such that regions can be classified and identified by the proportion of G-C base pairs they contain.
Bernardi and colleagues first noticed the compositional non-uniformity of vertebrate genomes using thermal melting and density gradient centrifugation.
The DNA fragments extracted by the gradient centrifugation were later termed "isochores", which was subsequently defined as "very long (much greater than 200 KB) DNA segments" that "are fairly homogeneous in base composition and belong to a small number of major classes distinguished by differences in guanine-cytosine (GC) content". Subsequently, the isochores "grew" and were claimed to be ">300 kb in size."
The theory proposed that the isochore composition of genomes varies markedly between "warm-blooded" (homeotherm) vertebrates and "cold-blooded" (poikilotherm) vertebrates and later became known as the isochore theory.
The thermodynamic stability hypothesis
The isochore theory purported that the genome of "warm-blooded" vertebrates (mammals and birds) are mosaics of long isochoric regions of alternating GC-poor and GC-rich composition, as opposed to the genome of "cold-blooded" vertebrates (fishes and amphibians) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundle%20metric | In differential geometry, the notion of a metric tensor can be extended to an arbitrary vector bundle, and to some principal fiber bundles. This metric is often called a bundle metric, or fibre metric.
Definition
If M is a topological manifold and : E → M a vector bundle on M, then a metric on E is a bundle map k : E ×M E → M × R from the fiber product of E with itself to the trivial bundle with fiber R such that the restriction of k to each fibre over M is a nondegenerate bilinear map of vector spaces. Roughly speaking, k gives a kind of dot product (not necessarily symmetric or positive definite) on the vector space above each point of M, and these products vary smoothly over M.
Properties
Every vector bundle with paracompact base space can be equipped with a bundle metric. For a vector bundle of rank n, this follows from the bundle charts : the bundle metric can be taken as the pullback of the inner product of a metric on ; for example, the orthonormal charts of Euclidean space. The structure group of such a metric is the orthogonal group O(n).
Example: Riemann metric
If M is a Riemannian manifold, and E is its tangent bundle TM, then the Riemannian metric gives a bundle metric, and vice versa.
Example: on vertical bundles
If the bundle :P → M is a principal fiber bundle with group G, and G is a compact Lie group, then there exists an Ad(G)-invariant inner product k on the fibers, taken from the inner product on the corresponding compact Lie algebra. More precisely, t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible%20reference%20system%20propagation%20algorithm | Reversible reference system propagation algorithm (r-RESPA) is a time stepping algorithm used in molecular dynamics.
It evolves the system state over time,
where the L is the Liouville operator.
References
Molecular dynamics
Hamiltonian mechanics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharana%20Bajracharya | Jharna Bajracharya (Nepalese: झरना बज्राचार्य) is a Nepalese film actress. She was crowned Miss Nepal in 1997, at the age of sixteen.
Early life
Jharana Bajracharya completed her schooling from Siddhartha Vanasthali Institute. She is also a painter and potter and she holds a degree in sociology. Her mother is Mrs. Lalana Bajracharya who holds a degree in psychology. Jharana's father's surname is Rashid and is a Nepalese Muslim. Her real name is Jharana Bajracharya Rashid. She started her journey in the Nepali entertainment field after being crowned Miss Nepal in 1997 at the age of 16 and represented Nepal in Miss World contest held at Baie Lazare, Seychelles on November 22, 1997. Jharana Bajracharya, made her debut in Hatiyar playing the second fiddle to the leading lady Karishma Manandhar co-starring opposite Rajesh Hamal.
Career
After starring in Pareni Maya Jalaima which won the best story award at the Nepali Film Awards, Jharana promptly made her way into Mumbai to find her place in Bollywood. She appeared in Hindi film Love in Nepal and many other advertisements. After she could not make a niche in Bollywood, she returned to Nepal.
She has appeared in many music videos as well. Her last Nepali film was Kohi Mero which was released in mid 2010. Jharana Bajracharya appeared at the Fem Botanica KTV film awards in October 2008 where she performed with Alok Nembang on several songs.
Brand ambassador
Jharana Bajracharya appeared as the Nepalese brand ambassador for Lux |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFK%20Uddevalla | IFK Uddevalla is a Swedish football club located in Uddevalla and played two seasons in the highest Swedish league, Allsvenskan, in 1925–26 and 1926–27.
Background
Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Uddevalla were formed on 19 May 1905 and is today the oldest active football club in Bohuslän. The club's first committee was made up of John Andrén (chairman), Viktor Karlsson (vice chairman), Awe Johansson (treasurer), Mikael Swanberg (secretary), Johan Johansson, Albert Johansson, Gustav Lidman, Axel Hagman, Karl Hansson, Albert Andersson and Hans Lundgren . Originally IFK Uddevalla had many sections, but football has always been the dominant sport. Wrestling, swimming, skiing, athletics, bandy, handball, hockey and figure skating over the years had their own sections within the club but today IFK Uddevalla is only a football club.
Oskar Andersson took over the gavel in 1906 and under his leadership IFK Uddevalla played two seasons in the Allsvenskan in the 1920s. He was at that time chairman of Bohuslän-Dals Fotbollförbund, Bohuslän-Dals Idrottsförbund, and also a member of the Swedish Football Association. On behalf of the club, Oskar Andersson also initiated the development of the Rimnersvallen, which was inaugurated in 1923. His chairmanship lasted from 1906 to 1942.
Since their foundation IFK Uddevalla has participated mainly in the upper and middle divisions of the Swedish football league system. The club currently plays in Division 2 Norra Götaland which is the fourth tier |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20short-term%20memory | Long short-term memory (LSTM) network is a recurrent neural network (RNN), aimed to deal with the vanishing gradient problem present in traditional RNNs. Its relative insensitivity to gap length is its advantage over other RNNs, hidden Markov models and other sequence learning methods. It aims to provide a short-term memory for RNN that can last thousands of timesteps, thus "long short-term memory". It is applicable to classification, processing and predicting data based on time series, such as in handwriting, speech recognition, machine translation, speech activity detection, robot control, video games, and healthcare.
A common LSTM unit is composed of a cell, an input gate, an output gate and a forget gate. The cell remembers values over arbitrary time intervals and the three gates regulate the flow of information into and out of the cell. Forget gates decide what information to discard from a previous state by assigning a previous state, compared to a current input, a value between 0 and 1. A (rounded) value of 1 means to keep the information, and a value of 0 means to discard it. Input gates decide which pieces of new information to store in the current state, using the same system as forget gates. Output gates control which pieces of information in the current state to output by assigning a value from 0 to 1 to the information, considering the previous and current states. Selectively outputting relevant information from the current state allows the LSTM network to main |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaya | Jaya may refer to:
Media
Jaya, self titled albums by Jaya (singer), released in 1989, 1996 and 2001
Jaya (film), a 2002 Indian Tamil film
Mythology
Jaya, a name of Karna in Mahabharata; the core portion of the Mahabharata
Jaya-Vijaya, the door-keepers of Vaikuntha, the realm of the god Vishnu in Hindu mythology
Jaya, Sanskrit masculine word meaning victorious, epithet of Brahma. The feminine version is Jayaa, epithet of Saraswati.
People
Jaya (given name), list of people with this name, or names derived from it
Jaya (singer) (born 1970), Filipina soul singer
Places
Fictional places
Jaya, an island in Oda Eiichiro's manga and anime series One Piece
Indonesia
Bintaro Jaya, a real-estate in the outskirts of Jakarta
Jakarta, comes from the name: Jayakarta which means "victorious city".
Jayapura
Puncak Jaya, the country's highest mountain
Malaysia
Petaling Jaya
Putrajaya
Seberang Jaya
Science
Aspidoparia jaya, a fish native to India and Bangladesh
Jaya (insect), a genus of antlions
See also
Jay (disambiguation)
Jai (disambiguation)
Jayam (disambiguation)
Satyameva Jayate (disambiguation)
Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police (Polda Metro Jaya), the police force of Jakarta
Irian Jaya
Jaya Group, Indonesian company founded by Ciputra
Jaya TV, a Tamil-language satellite television channel in India |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armero | Armero is a municipality in the Tolima Department, Colombia. According to the National Department of Statistics of Colombia, 12,852 lived in the town in 2005. Its median temperature is 27 °C. It was founded in 1895, but was not officially recognized as the seat of the region until 29 September 1908, by President Rafael Reyes. The town was originally named San Lorenzo. In 1930, the name was changed to Armero in memory of José León Armero, a national martyr.
Because the region became the main cotton producer in the country, the city was called Colombia's White City. It was a prosperous agricultural area until 1985.
The original seat of the region was destroyed on 13 November 1985, after an eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano produced lahars that buried the town and killed about 23,000 people. Approximately 31,000 people lived in the area at the time. The incident became known as the Armero tragedy. While the destruction of the town made world news in its own right, the best known victim was Omayra Sánchez, a young girl who died after being trapped by water and concrete up to her neck for three days. After this event, the town of Guayabal was assigned as the seat of the municipality of Armero, rendering Armero a ghost town.
The survivors were relocated to the towns of Guayabal and Lérida where they received housing and money, although little was done in aiding the survivors in reconstructing their lives.
In the area where the city was located, survivors created an extens |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20optimization | The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a commonly used molecular biology tool for amplifying DNA, and various techniques for PCR optimization which have been developed by molecular biologists to improve PCR performance and minimize failure.
Contamination and PCR
The PCR method is extremely sensitive, requiring only a few DNA molecules in a single reaction for amplification across several orders of magnitude. Therefore, adequate measures to avoid contamination from any DNA present in the lab environment (bacteria, viruses, or human sources) are required. Because products from previous PCR amplifications are a common source of contamination, many molecular biology labs have implemented procedures that involve dividing the lab into separate areas. One lab area is dedicated to preparation and handling of pre-PCR reagents and the setup of the PCR reaction, and another area to post-PCR processing, such as gel electrophoresis or PCR product purification. For the setup of PCR reactions, many standard operating procedures involve using pipettes with filter tips and wearing fresh laboratory gloves, and in some cases a laminar flow cabinet with UV lamp as a work station (to destroy any extraneomultimer formation). PCR is routinely assessed against a negative control reaction that is set up identically to the experimental PCR, but without template DNA, and performed alongside the experimental PCR.
Hairpins
Secondary structures in the DNA can result in folding or knotting of DNA temp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not%20with%20My%20Wife%2C%20You%20Don%27t%21 | Not with My Wife, You Don't! (stylized as Not with MY Wife, You Don't!) is a 1966 American comedy film starred by Tony Curtis, Virna Lisi and George C. Scott. The film was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture – Musical/Comedy. The plot follows the standard storyline of the long-running "road movies" popularized by Bob Hope, Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour, also products of the Norman Panama-Melvin Frank writing team.
The opening title sequence and interior sequences with an animated green monster were created by Saul Bass.
Plot
During the Korean War, Italian nurse Lieutenant Julietta Perodi (Virna Lisi), who has a passion of everything in "twos", falls in love with two United States Air Force pilots, Col. Tom Ferris (Tony Curtis) and Col. "Tank" Martin (George C. Scott). "Julie" marries Ferris after he convinces her that his friend, "Tank" has been killed in an aircraft crash. She soon discovers that Martin is alive, but remains happily married to Ferris until, Martin, her former love, re-enters their lives 14 years later.
London-based Ferris, now a military attache assigned to looking after military "brass", especially General Parker (Carroll O'Connor) has been neglectful of his wife. When Martin uses his influence to have Ferris shipped to Labrador for an Arctic survival course, she is prepared to seek a divorce. In the guise of an Arab potentate, Ferris, steals a V.I.P jet and wings it to Rome (which includes flying the jet through the London Tower Bridg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevotellaceae | Prevotellaceae is a family of bacteria from the order Bacteroidales. As a member of the phylum Bacteroidota, its species are gram negative – meaning their outer cell wall contains lipopolysaccharides. Since they are anaerobes, members of Prevotellaceae can live in areas where there is little to no oxygen – such as the guts of mammals.
Prevotellaceae is split into 4 genera: Hallella, Paraprevotella, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella. These 4 genera include 51 different bacterial species.
The genus Prevotella is known for its role in the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Prevotella species are among the most numerous microbes culturable from the rumen and hind gut of cattle and sheep, where they help the breakdown of protein and carbohydrate foods. They are also present in humans, where they can be opportunistic pathogens. Prevotella, credited interchangeably with Bacteroides melaninogenicus, has been a problem for dentists' patients for years. As a human pathogen known for creating periodontal and tooth problems, Prevotella has long been studied to counteract its pathogenesis.
The presence of Prevotella in the human gastrointestinal tract is inversely correlated with Parkinson’s disease.
References
Bacteroidia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faceted%20search | Faceted search augments lexical search with a faceted navigation system, allowing users to narrow results by applying filters based on a faceted classification of the items. It is a parametric search technique. A faceted classification system classifies each information element along multiple explicit dimensions, facets, enabling the classifications to be accessed and ordered in multiple ways rather than in a single, pre-determined, taxonomic order.
Facets correspond to properties of the information elements. They are often derived by analysis of the text of an item using entity extraction techniques or from pre-existing fields in a database such as author, descriptor, language, and format. Thus, existing web-pages, product descriptions or online collections of articles can be augmented with navigational facets.
Faceted search interfaces were first developed in the academic world by Ben Shneiderman, Steven Pollitt, Marti Hearst, and Gary Marchionini in the 1990s and 2000s.
The most well-known of these efforts was the Flamenco research project at University of California, Berkeley led by Marti Hearst. Concurrently, there was development of commercial faceted search systems, notably Endeca and Spotfire.
Within the academic community, faceted search has attracted interest primarily among library and information science researchers, and to some extent among computer science researchers specializing in information retrieval.
Mass market use
Faceted search has become a popular |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucosectomy | Mucotomy is a surgical procedure of excising the mucous membrane from an organ. This is done as part of several gastrointestinal surgeries, such as antireflux mucosectomy for the treatment of Barrett's esophagus, colectomy for treating various intestinal disorders, and per-oral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of achalasia.
References
Surgical procedures and techniques |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmostat | The osmostat is the regulatory center in the hypothalamus that controls the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. The area in the anterior region of the hypothalamus contains the osmoreceptors, cells that control osmolality via the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
In neurological conditions such as epilepsy or paraplegia, the osmostat can be pathologically reset, secreting ADH at a lower osmolality, which may cause hyponatremia. A reset osmostat is also a feature of SIADH.
References
Physiology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung%20U750%20Alias%202 | The Samsung SCH-U750, marketed as Samsung Alias 2 and also as Samsung Zeal, was a cell phone made by Samsung. The phone was only available in metallic gray. It features a dual-hinge design that can be opened in portrait or landscape style. The Alias 2 featured an E Ink-based keyboard. In horizontal mode it features a QWERTY keyboard and VCAST music on the Verizon Wireless network within Australia and the USA.
The phone ran on Verizon Wireless's digital and Ev-DO networks until the shutdown of Verizon's 3G networks. The Samsung Alias 2 was released on 11 May 2009 in the United States.
Features
Its external features are a postage stamp sized front display, touch sensitive music control buttons and a 2.0-megapixel camera. On the right side there is the power button, a "hold" button, and a microSD card slot. On the left, there is a Voice Activation button, an up/down volume rocker button, a headphone jack, and proprietary charger/data transfer port. Opened in portrait or call mode, a standard numerical dialing pad along with two soft keys, send and end keys, a camera button, a voice command button, and four-directional buttons with an OK key in the center are all available. When in portrait, a user could input text using T9 (predictive text) or flip the phone horizontally for its full keyboard. The phone's 2.0 megapixel camera can take up to 1200 x 1600, and can record video at 176 x 144 at 15fps for the maximum of 10 minutes. The user could also use features in the camera l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20L4 | Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small maternal clade primarily restricted to Africa.
L4 is important in East Africa. The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60-83% and Sandawe at 48%.
It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008).
The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya.
L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015).
Phylogeny
The following phylogeny is based on van Oven and Kayser (2008).
L3'4
L4
L4a (formerly known as L7), mutations: 195C, 3357, 5460, 10373, 11253, 11344, 11485, 12414, 13174, 14302, 16260.
L4a1
L4a1a
L4a2
L4b, mutations: 709, 3918.
L4b1
L4b2 (formerly known as L3g or L4g)
L4b2a
L4b2a1
L4b2a2
L4b2a2a
L4b2a2b
L4b2b
References
External links
Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
L4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20L5 | Haplogroup L5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade. It was previously known as L1e.
Distribution
L5 is a small haplogroup centered in East Africa. The highest frequency is in Mbuti Pygmies from Eastern Central Africa at 15%.
It is present in relatively small frequencies in Tanzania (Sandawe and others), Kenya, Chad, Ethiopia, Sudan, Nubia, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Haplogroup L5 has been observed among specimens at the island cemetery in Kulubnarti, Sudan, which date from the Early Christian period (AD 550–800).
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup L5 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.
Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
L1-6
L2-6
L5
L5a
L5a1
L5a1a
L5a1b
L5a1c
L5a2
L5c
L5c1
L5c2
References
Notes
External links
General
Ian Logan's Haplogroups L5.
Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
L5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20L6 | In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup L6 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small African haplogroup.
Distribution
This haplogroup has been found most often in Yemen and Ethiopia.
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup M subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.
L3'4'6
L6
L6a
L6b
See also
Genealogical DNA test
Genetic genealogy
Human mitochondrial genetics
Population genetics
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
References
External links
General
Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
L6 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20capping | Frequency capping is a term in advertising that means restricting (capping) the number of times (frequency) a specific visitor to a website is shown a particular advertisement. This restriction is applied to all websites that serve ads from the same advertising network.
Frequency capping is a feature within ad serving that allows to limit the maximum number of impressions/views a visitor can see a specific ad within a period of time. E.g.: 3 views/visitor/24-hours means after viewing this ad 3 times, any visitor will not see it again for 24 hours. This feature uses cookies to remember the impression count. Non-cookies privacy-preserving implementation is also available.
Frequency capping is often cited as a way to avoid banner burnout, the point where visitors are being overexposed and response drops. This may be true for direct-response campaigns whose effectiveness is measured in click-throughs, but it might run counter to campaigns whose goal is brand awareness, as measured by non-click activity.
See also
Session capping
References
Internet terminology
Online advertising |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-barrier%20rule | The two barrier rule is a policy of safety for work on piping carrying high pressure and/or high temperature fluids. It is commonly used by oil companies. The rule simply states that for any work that must be done on a section of piping, which involves breaking containment, there must be at least two barriers separating the fluids from the broken area. The purpose behind specifying two barriers is to ensure redundancy. The risk of a total loss of containment is reduced if there are two independent isolations as it is highly improbable they would both fail at the same time.
For example, if a section of pipe from a production line leading from a Christmas tree to the process plant, were to need replacement, this area of the piping would need isolation before the offending section was removed or oil would be able to flow freely out of the piping into the environment, causing environmental damage, a health and safety hazard and waste of a precious resource. Under the two barrier rule, there must be two separate isolations between the oil flowing from the well to this area of the piping. The logical barriers in this case would be the production wing valve and the upper master valve.
Uncontrolled release of pressure has been the cause of many accidents in the oilfield and so the two barrier rule is considered very important for increasing safety.
See also
Christmas tree
Wellhead
Petroleum production |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Gillingham%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | Gillingham Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Gillingham, Kent, playing in League One, the third level of the English football league system, as of the 2019–20 season. The club was formed in 1893 as New Brompton F.C., a name which was retained until 1913, and has played home matches at Priestfield Stadium throughout its history. The club joined the Football League in 1920, was voted out of the league in favour of Ipswich Town at the end of the 1937–38 season, but returned to the league 12 years later after it was expanded from 88 to 92 clubs. Between 2000 and 2005, Gillingham played in the second tier of the English league for the only time in the club's history, achieving a highest league finish of eleventh place in 2002–03.
The record for most games played for the club is held by Ron Hillyard, who made 655 appearances between 1974 and 1991. Brian Yeo is the club's record goalscorer, scoring 149 goals during his Gillingham career. Andrew Crofts holds the record for the most international caps gained as a Gillingham player, having made 12 appearances for Wales. The highest transfer fee ever paid by the club is the £600,000 paid to Reading for Carl Asaba in 1998, and the highest fee received is the £1,500,000 paid by Manchester City for Robert Taylor in 1999. The highest attendance recorded at Priestfield was 23,002 for the visit of Queens Park Rangers in 1948. The club holds one Football League record, having conceded the fewest g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casanova%2070 | Casanova 70 is a 1965 Italian comedy film produced by Carlo Ponti, directed by Mario Monicelli and starring Marcello Mastroianni, Virna Lisi, Enrico Maria Salerno and Michèle Mercier.
Plot
NATO officer Andrea Rossi-Colombotti is a ladies' man with an unusual libido: he can only seduce women in situations in which his life is in danger. He breaks into a Corsican girlfriend's house, and the girl, armed and voluptuous, believes Andrea to be a criminal and nearly shoots him before being seduced, but she later ends their relationship. Later, while spending an afternoon with an Asian air stewardess, Andrea tries to achieve arousal by concocting a story about a dying relative, but the stewardess learns the sham and the liaison ends disastrously.
Frustrated with his condition, Andrea visits a psychiatrist. He discloses that his problem began in adulthood, but that he has flirted with woman and suffered from the consequences throughout his life. The psychiatrist recommends that Andrea try to seek spiritual qualities in women rather than focusing on their physical attributes, and to attempt to connect with them emotionally.
Andrea visits ski resort, where he meets a beautiful Gigliola, who travels with her parents and uncle - catholic priest. Following the doctor's advice, he does not seduce her but instead charms her and takes her out on romantic dates. Attracted by the girl's sweetness, Andrea proposes marriage. The night before the wedding, Andrea takes his girlfriend with family |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinei%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201983%29 | Telmário de Araújo Sacramento, known by his nickname Dinei (born November 11, 1983 in São Domingos, Bahia), is a Brazilian former football striker who played for Vitória.
Club statistics
Updated to 31 August 2018.
References
External links
Profile at Shonan Bellmare
Dinei at Furacao
Loan to Palmeiras at GloboEsporte
1983 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
La Liga players
Segunda División players
J1 League players
J2 League players
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Clube Atlético Bragantino players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
Associação Ferroviária de Esportes players
Esporte Clube Noroeste players
Guaratinguetá Futebol players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
RC Celta de Vigo players
CD Tenerife players
Kashima Antlers players
Shonan Bellmare players
Ventforet Kofu players
Matsumoto Yamaga FC players
Esporte Clube Água Santa players
Esporte Clube Jacuipense players
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Maiden%20for%20a%20Prince | A Maiden for a Prince () is a 1966 Italian comedy, starring Vittorio Gassman and Virna Lisi. It is based on the failed marriage between Margherita Farnese and Vincenzo Gonzaga.
Cast
Vittorio Gassman -
Virna Lisi -
Philippe Leroy -
Tino Buazzelli -
Maria Grazia Buccella -
Vittorio Caprioli -
Paola Borboni -
Anna Maria Guarnieri -
Giusi Raspani Dandolo -
Luciano Mandolfo -
External links
1966 films
1966 comedy films
1960s Italian-language films
Films directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile
Italian comedy films
1960s Italian films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Italy | This page details football records and statistics in Italy.
Team records
Most championships won
Overall
36, Juventus
Consecutive titles
9, Juventus (2011–12 season to 2019–20 season)
5, Juventus (1930–31 season to 1934–35 season)
5, Torino (1942–43 season and the 1945–46 season to 1948–49 season)
5, Internazionale (2005–06 season to 2009–10 season)
Most seasons in Serie A
91, Internazionale
Most seasons in Serie B
63, Brescia
Most points in a season
2 Teams in Final Round (2 points per win) 1928–29
4, Bologna
6 Teams in Final Round (2 points per win) 1926–27
14, Torino
8 Teams in Final Round (2 points per win) 1927–28 - 1945–46
22, Torino
16 Teams (2 points per win) 1934–35 to 1942–43 - 1967–68 to 1987–88
51, Juventus 1976–77
18 Teams (2 points per win) 1929–30 to 1933–34 - 1952–53 to 1966–67 - 1988–89 to 1993–94
58, Internazionale 1988–89
18 Teams (3 points per win) 1994–95 to 2003–04
82, Milan 2003–04
20 Teams (2 points per win) 1946–47 - 1948–49 to 1951–52
63, Torino 1946–47
20 Teams (3 points per win) 2004–05 to present
102, Juventus 2013–14
21 Teams (2 points per win) 1947–48
65, Torino
Most consecutive wins
17, Internazionale, 2006–07
15, Juventus, 2015–16
13, Napoli, 2016–17 to 2017–18
13, Juventus, 2013–14 to 2014–15
12, Juventus, 2013–14 and 2017–18
11, Roma, 2005–06 and 2012–13 to 2013–14
11, Lazio, 2019–20
11, Internazionale, 2020–21
11, Napoli, 2022–23
10, Juventus, 1931–32 and 2015–16
10, Milan, 1950–51
10, Bologna, 19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-varying%20covariate | A time-varying covariate (also called time-dependent covariate) is a term used in statistics, particularly in survival analysis. It reflects the phenomenon that a covariate is not necessarily constant through the whole study Time-varying covariates are included to represent time-dependent within-individual variation to predict individual responses. For instance, if one wishes to examine the link between area of residence and cancer, this would be complicated by the fact that study subjects move from one area to another. The area of residency could then be introduced in the statistical model as a time-varying covariate. In survival analysis, this would be done by splitting each study subject into several observations, one for each area of residence. For example, if a person is born at time 0 in area A, moves to area B at time 5, and is diagnosed with cancer at time 8, two observations would be made. One with a length of 5 (5 − 0) in area A, and one with a length of 3 (8 − 5) in area B.
References
Survival analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holm%E2%80%93Bonferroni%20method | In statistics, the Holm–Bonferroni method, also called the Holm method or Bonferroni–Holm method, is used to counteract the problem of multiple comparisons. It is intended to control the family-wise error rate (FWER) and offers a simple test uniformly more powerful than the Bonferroni correction. It is named after Sture Holm, who codified the method, and Carlo Emilio Bonferroni.
Motivation
When considering several hypotheses, the problem of multiplicity arises: the more hypotheses are checked, the higher the probability of obtaining Type I errors (false positives). The Holm–Bonferroni method is one of many approaches for controlling the FWER, i.e., the probability that one or more Type I errors will occur, by adjusting the rejection criteria for each of the individual hypotheses.
Formulation
The method is as follows:
Suppose you have p-values, sorted into order lowest-to-highest , and their corresponding hypotheses （null hypotheses). You want the FWER to be no higher than a certain pre-specified significance level .
Is ? If so, reject and continue to the next step, otherwise EXIT.
Is ? If so, reject also, and continue to the next step, otherwise EXIT.
And so on: for each P value, test whether . If so, reject and continue to examine the larger P values, otherwise EXIT.
This method ensures that the FWER is at most , in the strong sense.
Rationale
The simple Bonferroni correction rejects only null hypotheses with p-value less than , in order to ensure that the FWER, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Doom | Lorna Doom (born Teresa Marie Ryan, January 4, 1958–January 16, 2019) was an American musician best known as the bass guitarist for the punk rock band the Germs from 1976 to 1980, and again after they got back together from 2005 to 2009.
Early life
Doom grew up in Thousand Oaks, California, and attended Newbury Park High School, where she met Belinda Carlisle.
Career
Doom was a friend of Germs founders Darby Crash and Pat Smear, and joined despite lack of musical ability, having answered a flyer looking for "two untalented girls" with Carlisle. She originally quit the band in 1980 after Crash fired Don Bolles, the band's drummer. After Crash's death, Doom moved to New York City where she lived until the late 1990s.
A movie based on the Germs, What We Do Is Secret, was released in 2007, and in it, Doom was played by Bijou Phillips. The following year, the band received a star on the Guitar Center RockWalk, which she was present for.
Death and legacy
Doom died of breast cancer on January 16, 2019.
Bassist Kira Roessler spoke about Doom's contribution: "...she was an under-rated musician and, in my mind, quite a presence on the instrument. The Germs were a band that influenced far more people than ever heard them live, and I think Lorna's contribution lives on in that way." Guitarist Greg Hetson recalled seeing her in the 1970s and says she proved "You can rock hard and you don't have to be a guy." Laura Jane Grace tweeted "I can still see the ‘Germs burn’ on my wrist from |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution%20random%20number%20generator | In statistics and computer software, a convolution random number generator is a pseudo-random number sampling method that can be used to generate random variates from certain classes of probability distribution. The particular advantage of this type of approach is that it allows advantage to be taken of existing software for generating random variates from other, usually non-uniform, distributions. However, faster algorithms may be obtainable for the same distributions by other more complicated approaches.
A number of distributions can be expressed in terms of the (possibly weighted) sum of two or more random variables from other distributions. (The distribution of the sum is the convolution of the distributions of the individual random variables).
Example
Consider the problem of generating a random variable with an Erlang distribution, . Such a random variable can be defined as the sum of k random variables each with an exponential distribution . This problem is equivalent to generating a random number for a special case of the Gamma distribution, in which the shape parameter takes an integer value.
Notice that:
One can now generate samples using a random number generator for the exponential distribution:
if then
Non-uniform random numbers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteracy | Transliteracy is "a fluidity of movement across a range of technologies, media and contexts" (Sukovic, 2016). It is an ability to use diverse techniques to collaborate across different social groups.
Transliteracy combines a range of capabilities required to move across a range of contexts, media, technologies and genres. Conceptually, transliteracy is situated across five capabilities: information capabilities (see information literacy), ICT (information and communication technologies), communication and collaboration, creativity and critical thinking. It is underpinned by literacy and numeracy. (See figure below) The concept of transliteracy is impacting the system of education and libraries.
History
While the term appears to come from the prefix 'trans-' (across) and the word 'literacy', the scholars who coined it say they developed it from the practice of transliteration, which means to use the letters of one language to write down a different language.
The study of transliteracy was first developed in 2005 by the Transliteracies Research Project, directed by University of California at Santa Barbara Professor Alan Liu. The concept of 'transliteracies' was developed as part of research into online reading. It was shared and refined at the Transliteracies conference, held at UC Santa Barbara in 2005. The conference inspired the at the time De Montfort University Professor, Sue Thomas, to create the Production in Research and Transliteracy (PART) group, which evolved int |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma%20Bene | Roma Bene is a 1971 Italian comedy-drama film starring Virna Lisi, Nino Manfredi, Irene Papas and Senta Berger.
Plot
The classic scene of the upper middle-class in Rome: a duchess, the industrial husband and the many apparently respectable characters. It is actually a parade of dingy types: the Baron is a jewel thief, among the others there are social climbers, unscrupulous nobles who staged fake kidnappings and extortion attempts, and even a wife who comes to commission the murder of the ship-owner husband. The fate of these people will be the same: death at sea, but their misdeeds instead will remain unaddressed and an overzealous police commissioner will be promoted and transferred.
Cast
Nino Manfredi: Commissario Quintilio Tartamella
Philippe Leroy: Giorgio Santi
Virna Lisi: Duchessa Silvia Santi
Mario Feliciani: Teo Teopulos
Irene Papas: Elena Teopulos
Evi Maltagliati: La madre di Elena
Umberto Orsini: Principe Rubio Marescalli
Senta Berger: Principessa Dedé Marescalli
Franco Fabrizi: Nino Rappi
Michèle Mercier: Wilma Rappi
Vittorio Caprioli: Barone Maurizio De Vittis
Gastone Moschin: Il Monsignore
Vittorio Sanipoli: Il Questore
Annabella Incontrera: La lesbica
Enzo Cannavale: Agente Tognon
Peter Baldwin: Michele Vismara
George Wang: Che-Fang
Gigi Ballista: Vitozzi
Minnie Minoprio: Minnie
Ely Galleani: Vivi Santi
External links
1971 films
1971 black comedy films
1971 comedy-drama films
1970s satirical films
Italian comedy-drama films
Ital |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%2025th%20Hour%20%28film%29 | The 25th Hour () is a 1967 anti-war drama film directed by Henri Verneuil, produced by Carlo Ponti and starring Anthony Quinn and Virna Lisi. The film is based on the bestselling novel by C. Virgil Gheorghiu and follows the troubles experienced by a Romanian peasant couple caught up in World War II.
Plot
In a small Transylvanian village, a local police constable frames Johann Moritz on charges of being Jewish because Moritz's wife Suzanna has refused the constable's advances. Moritz is sent to a Romanian concentration camp as a Jew, where he is known as Jacob Moritz. He escapes to Hungary with some Jewish prisoners, but the Hungarians imprison them for being citizens of Romania, an enemy country. The Hungarian authorities eventually send them to Germany to fill German requests for foreign laborers. Moritz is spotted by an SS officer who designates him as an Aryan German-Romanian, freeing him from the labor camp and forcing him to join the Waffen-SS. After the war, Moritz is brutally beaten by the Soviets for having been a member of the Waffen-SS. He is then arrested and prosecuted as a war criminal by the Americans. Eventually he is released and reunited with his wife and sons in occupied Germany.
The film is based on the novel of the same name by Constantin Virgil Gheorghiu. The storyline includes Hungary's alliance with Nazi Germany, the forced cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union in 1940 and subsequent events in Central Europe during and after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iftekhar | Sayedna Iftekhar Ahmed Sharif (22 February 1920 – 4 March 1995), often mononymously credited as Iftekhar, was an Indian actor who mainly worked in Hindi cinema. He is known for his role as a police officer.
Career
Iftekhar was born in Jalandhar and was the eldest among four brothers and a sister. After completing his matriculation, Iftekhar did a diploma course in painting from Lucknow College Of Arts. Iftekhar had a passion for singing and was impressed with the famous singer Kundanlal Sehgal. In his 20s, Iftekhar travelled to Calcutta for an audition conducted by the music composer Kamal Dasgupta, who was then serving for HMV. Dasgupta was so impressed by Iftekhar's personality that he recommended his name to M. P. Productions as an actor.
Iftekhar made his debut in the 1944 film Taqraar, which was made under the banner of Art Films-Kolkata.
Many of Iftekhar's close relatives, including his parents and siblings, migrated to Pakistan during the partition. He would have preferred to stay in India, but rioting forced him to leave Calcutta. Along with his wife and daughters, he moved to Bombay, where they struggled to make ends meet. Iftekhar had been introduced to actor Ashok Kumar during his time in Calcutta and contacted him in Bombay, gaining a role in the Bombay Talkies movie Muqaddar (1950). Iftekhar acted in over 400 films in a career that spanned from the 1940s through to the early 1990s.
His brother, Imtiaz Ahmed, was a famous TV character actor of PTV, especially A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cell%20prolymphocytic%20leukemia | T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. T-PLL is a very rare leukemia, primarily affecting adults over the age of 30. It represents 2% of all small lymphocytic leukemias in adults. Other names include T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, "knobby" type of T-cell leukemia, and T-prolymphocytic leukemia/T-cell lymphocytic leukemia.
Signs and symptoms
People affected by T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia typically have systemic disease at presentation, including enlargement of the liver and spleen, widespread enlargement of the lymph nodes, and skin infiltrates.
Due to the systemic nature of this disease, leukemic cells can be found in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, liver, and skin. A high lymphocyte count (> 100 x 109/L) along with low amounts of red blood cells and platelets in the blood are common findings. HTLV-1 serologies are negative, and serum immunoglobins are within normal limits with no paraproteins present.
Causes
It is postulated that the originating cell line for this disease is a mature (post-thymic) T-cell.
Diagnosis
Morphology
In the peripheral blood, T-PLL consists of medium-sized lymphocytes with single nucleoli and basophilic cytoplasm with occasional blebs or projections. The nuclei are usually round to oval in shape, with occasional patients having cells with a more irregular nuclear outline th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arado%20Ar%20195 | The Arado Ar 195 was a single-engine prototype carrier-based torpedo bomber, built by the German firm Arado for service on the , during World War II.
Design and development
A derivative of the Ar 95, fitted with an arrestor hook and catapult equipment as well as a taller canopy, the Ar 195 was intended as a torpedo bomber to equip Nazi Germany's first aircraft carrier, the Graf Zeppelin, which was named after Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin, of dirigible fame. Although three prototypes were flown in 1937, the design did not meet the requirements of the specification. It suffered an excess of drag which was detrimental to its flyability, and so was rejected in favour of the Fieseler Fi 167, which was considered superior.
Operator
Luftwaffe
Specifications (Ar 195)
See also
References
Ar 195
1930s German bomber aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1937 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine%20racemase%20%28ATP-hydrolysing%29 | The enzyme phenylalanine racemase (, phenylalanine racemase, phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing), gramicidin S synthetase I) is the enzyme that acts on amino acids and derivatives. It activates both the L & D stereo isomers of phenylalanine to form L-phenylalanyl adenylate and D-phenylalanyl adenylate, which are bound to the enzyme. These bound compounds are then transferred to the thiol group of the enzyme followed by conversion of its configuration, the D-isomer being the more favorable configuration of the two, with a 7 to 3 ratio between the two isomers. The racemisation reaction of phenylalanine is coupled with the highly favorable hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate (PP), thermodynamically allowing it to proceed. This reaction is then drawn forward by further hydrolyzing PP to inorganic phosphate (Pi), via Le Chatelier's principle.
Other names
phenylalanine racemase
phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing)
gramicidin S synthetase I
Pathway
Phenylalanine Metabolism
Substrate
L – Phenylalanine
Product
D - Phenylalanine
Cofactor
Pyridoxal-phosphate (active form of vitamin B6)
Links to disease
Problems in the digestion of phenylalanine (phe) to tyrosine (tyr) lead to the buildup of both phe and phenylpyruvate, in a disease called Phenylketonuria (PKU). These two compounds build up in the blood stream and cerebral spinal fluid, which can lead to mental reta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosol | Tyrosol is an organic compound with the formula . Classified as a phenylethanoid, i.e. a derivative of phenethyl alcohol, It is found in a variety of natural sources. The compound is colorless solid. The principal source in the human diet is olive oil.
Research
As an antioxidant, tyrosol may protect cells against injury due to oxidation in vitro. Although it is not as potent as other antioxidants present in olive oil (e.g., hydroxytyrosol), its higher concentration and good bioavailability indicate that it may have an important overall effect.
Tyrosol may also be cardioprotective. Trosol-treated animals showed significant increase in the phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS and FOXO3a. In addition, tyrosol also induced the expression of the protein SIRT1 in the heart after myocardial infarction in a rat MI model.
Tyrosol forms esters with a variety of organic acids.
See also
tyrosinol,
hydroxytyrosol,
Salidroside
References
Phenylethanoids
Phenol antioxidants |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Delta%20Sigma%20Phi%20chapters |
Undergraduate Chapters & New Chapters
This is a list of chapters, active, new and inactive, of Delta Sigma Phi fraternity.
Undergraduate chapter statistics
Since 1899, Delta Sigma Phi has issued 238 charters in 41 states (United States of America), Washington, D.C., and 3 provinces in Canada. Currently, the Fraternity has active chapters and new chapters in 32 states and Washington, D.C. All three former chapters in Canada are dormant. States that have never had the presence of the Fraternity are Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia.
Alumni associations
There are 20 alumni associations throughout the United States. These are located in:
Atlanta, GA
Boston, MA
Charlotte, NC
Chicago, IL
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Inland Empire, CA (Riverside and San Bernardino counties)
La Verne, CA
New York City, NY
Orange County, CA
Phoenix, AZ
Portland, OR
Salt Lake City, UT
San Diego, CA
San Jose, CA (Silicon Valley)
San Francisco, CA (Bay Area)
St. Louis, MO
Raleigh / Durham, NC (Triangle Area)
Washington, DC
Notes
chapters
Lists of chapters of North American Interfraternity Conference members by society |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinylmonocholine | Succinylmonocholine is an ester of succinic acid and choline created by the metabolism of suxamethonium chloride.
See also
Succinic acid
Choline
References
Choline esters
Carboxylic acids
Quaternary ammonium compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatou%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, specifically in complex analysis, Fatou's theorem, named after Pierre Fatou, is a statement concerning holomorphic functions on the unit disk and their pointwise extension to the boundary of the disk.
Motivation and statement of theorem
If we have a holomorphic function defined on the open unit disk , it is reasonable to ask under what conditions we can extend this function to the boundary of the unit disk. To do this, we can look at what the function looks like on each circle inside the disk centered at 0, each with some radius . This defines a new function:
where
is the unit circle. Then it would be expected that the values of the extension of onto the circle should be the limit of these functions, and so the question reduces to determining when converges, and in what sense, as , and how well defined is this limit. In particular, if the norms of these are well behaved, we have an answer:
Theorem. Let be a holomorphic function such that
where are defined as above. Then converges to some function pointwise almost everywhere and in norm. That is,
Now, notice that this pointwise limit is a radial limit. That is, the limit being taken is along a straight line from the center of the disk to the boundary of the circle, and the statement above hence says that
The natural question is, with this boundary function defined, will we converge pointwise to this function by taking a limit in any other way? That is, suppose instead of following a strai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOTCH3 | Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (Notch 3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOTCH3 gene.
Function
This gene encodes the third discovered human homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster type I membrane protein notch. In Drosophila, notch interaction with its cell-bound ligands (delta, serrate) establishes an intercellular signalling pathway that plays a key role in neural development. Homologues of the notch-ligands have also been identified in human, but precise interactions between these ligands and the human notch homologues remains to be determined.
Pathology
Mutations in NOTCH3 have been identified as the underlying cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Mutations in NOTCH3 have also been identified in families with Alzheimer's disease. Adult Notch3 knock-out mice show incomplete neuronal maturation in the spinal cord dorsal horn, resulting in permanently increased nociceptive sensitivity.
Mutations in NOTCH3 are associated to lateral meningocele syndrome.
Pharmaceutical target
Notch3 is being investigated as a target for anti-cancer drugs, as it is overexpressed in several types of cancers. Early clinical trials of Pfizer's PF-06650808, an anti-Notch3 antibody linked to a cytotoxic drug, showed efficacy against solid tumors.
References
Further reading
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assault%20on%20a%20Queen | Assault on a Queen is a 1966 American action-adventure film directed by Jack Donohue and starring Frank Sinatra and Virna Lisi. Based on a 1959 novel by Jack Finney, it was adapted for the screen by Rod Serling and released by Paramount Pictures on June 15, 1966. The supporting cast features Tony Franciosa and Richard Conte.
Plot
After a World War II-era German submarine that has been missing for 20 years is retrieved in the Bahamas by diver Mark Brittain. The wealthy Rosa Lucchesi and her partner Vic Rossiter, who have been searching for sunken Spanish galleons, hire the submarine. Eric Lauffnauer, a U-boat officer during the war, devises a plan to stage a daring million-dollar heist aboard the British ocean liner while the ship is crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Brittain returns the submarine to operational order with the assistance of his partner Linc and new man Moreno, a war hero and expert with engines.
Disguised as officers from a British submarine on a top-secret mission, Brittain, Rossiter and Lauffnauer bluff their way aboard the Queen Mary and threaten its captain with a torpedo attack if he or his crew refuse to comply with their demands to be granted access to the cash in the ship's safe. They reach the safe and stuff large bags full of cash. After trying to wrest a valuable ring from a lady's finger, Rossiter is shot and killed by a member of the Queen Marys crew.
The two surviving men flee the Queen Mary and reach the submarine, but Brittain must abandon the s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine%20diphosphate%20ribose | Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by the CD38 enzyme using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor.
ADPR binds to and activates the TRPM2 ion channel. ADPR is the most potent agonist of the TRPM2 channel. cADPR also binds to TPRM2, and the action of both molecules is synergistic, with both molecules enhancing the action of the other molecule in activating the TRPM2 channel.
See also
Adenosine diphosphate
ADP-ribosylation
Ribose
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
References
Nucleotides
Organophosphates
NADH dehydrogenase inhibitors
Phosphate esters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKC%20alpha | Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCA gene.
Function
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been reported to play roles in many different cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, cell transformation, cell cycle checkpoint, and cell volume control. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase may be a fundamental regulator of cardiac contractility and Ca2+ handling in myocytes.
Protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) is a specific member of the protein kinase family. These enzymes are characterized by their ability to add a phosphate group to other proteins, thus changing their function. PKC-α has been widely studied in the tissues of many organisms including drosophila, xenopus, cow, dog, chicken, human, monkey, mouse, pig, and rabbit. Many studies are currently being conducted investigating the structure, function, and regulation of this enzyme. The most recent investigations concernin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan%20Jahangir | Hassan Jahangir (; born 1 July 1962) is a Pakistani pop singer. He gained fame in the 1980s with hit singles such as "Hawa Hawa", "Hato Bacho", and "Shadi Na Karna Yaron". He released his first single "Imran Khan is a Superman" in 1982 and in June 1987 went on to release his one and only internationally famous album Hawa Hawa. It sold approximately 15 million copies in India. His music was acclaimed in South Asia, most notably Pakistan and India.
In 2011, with a fresh twist to a Bengali folk song Dol Dol Doloni, he came back into Pakistani music after absent of a long period. Bollywood Mubarakan released in 2017, is also a redecorated of the Pakistani song “Hawa Hawa” written by Rehan Azmi and sung by Hassan Jahangir in 1980s.
Discography
Hawa Hawa
Hato Bacho
Shadi Na Karna Yaron
Dil Hai Diwana
Dil Jo Tujh Pe Aaya Hai
Zindagi Hai Pyar
Maigha Jaise Roye
Le Bhi Le Dil Tu Mera
Shawa, Keh Nakhra
Na Jao Zara Mehandi Lagao
Aaya Hai Mausam Pyar Ka
Yeh Fashion Ke Naye Rang
Jee Jee O Parah Disco
Kis Naam Se Pukaron
Booba Booba Ba Ra Ra Ra
Aa Jaana Dil Hai Deewana
Dol Dol Doloni
Hawa Hawa Feat Gul Panra and Baloch Lewa, Coke Studio, Season 11
References
Living people
Pakistani pop singers
Pakistani composers
1962 births
Muhajir people
Singers from Karachi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate%20dehydrogenase%20phosphatase | Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (PDPC 1), also known as protein phosphatase 2C, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDP1 gene. PDPC 1 is an enzyme which serves to reverse the effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase upon pyruvate dehydrogenase, activating pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Function
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) is one of the three components (E1, E2, and E3) of the large pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases catalyze phosphorylation of serine residues of E1 to inactivate the E1 component and inhibit the complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases catalyze the dephosphorylation and activation of the E1 component to reverse the effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase is a heterodimer consisting of catalytic and regulatory subunits. Two catalytic subunits have been reported; one is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, and another one is much more abundant in the liver. The catalytic subunit, encoded by this gene, is the former, and belongs to the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) superfamily. Along with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, this enzyme is located in the mitochondrial matrix.
Regulation
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase is stimulated by insulin, PEP, and AMP, but competitively inhibited by ATP, NADH, and Acetyl-CoA.
Clinical significance
Mutation in the PDP1 gene causes pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine%20palmitoyltransferase%20I | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) also known as carnitine acyltransferase I, CPTI, CAT1, CoA:carnitine acyl transferase (CCAT), or palmitoylCoA transferase I, is a mitochondrial enzyme responsible for the formation of acyl carnitines by catalyzing the transfer of the acyl group of a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA from coenzyme A to l-carnitine. The product is often Palmitoylcarnitine (thus the name), but other fatty acids may also be substrates. It is part of a family of enzymes called carnitine acyltransferases. This "preparation" allows for subsequent movement of the acyl carnitine from the cytosol into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
Three isoforms of CPT1 are currently known: CPT1A, CPT1B, and CPT1C. CPT1 is associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme can be inhibited by malonyl CoA, the first committed intermediate produced during fatty acid synthesis. Its role in fatty acid metabolism makes CPT1 important in many metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Since its crystal structure is not known, its exact mechanism of action remains to be determined.
Structure
CPT1 is an integral membrane protein that exists in three isoforms in mammalian tissues: CPT1A, CPT1B and CPT1C. The first two are expressed on the outer mitochondrial membrane of most tissues, but their relative proportions varies between tissues. CPT1A predominates in lipogenic tissues like liver, whereas CPT1B predominates in tissues like heart and skeletal muscle that have a hi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC22A5 | SLC22A5 is a membrane transport protein associated with primary carnitine deficiency. This protein is involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. It acts a symporter, moving sodium ions and other organic cations across the membrane along with carnitine. Such polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for the elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. Mutations in the SLC22A5 gene cause systemic primary carnitine deficiency, which can lead to heart failure.
Structure
The SLC22A5 gene, containing 10 exons, is located on the q arm of chromosome 5 in position 31.1 and spans 25,910 base pair. The gene produces a 63 kDa protein composed of 557 amino acids. The protein has 12 putative transmembrane domains, with a long extracellular loop of 107 amino acids between the first two transmembrane domains and an intracellular loop between the fourth and fifth transmembrane domains. This long extracellular loop has three potential sites for N-glycosylation, and the intracellular loop has an ATP/GTP binding motif. In putative intracellular domains, there are five potential sites for protein-kinase C-dependent phosphorylation and one for protein-kinase A-dependent phosphorylation.
Function
The SLC22A5 gene codes for a plasma integral membrane protein which functions as both an organic cation transporter and a sodium-dependent high affinity carnitine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Girl%20and%20the%20General | The Girl and the General () is a 1967 Italian anti-war comedy film starring Rod Steiger and Virna Lisi and produced by Carlo Ponti.
Plot
A young woman (Virna Lisi) and a soldier team up to deliver an Austrian General (Rod Steiger) to Italian forces during World War I. Their quest for the 1000 Lire reward changes their lives unexpectedly.
Cast
Rod Steiger as The General
Virna Lisi as Ada
Umberto Orsini as Pvt. Tarasconi
Tony Gaggia as The Lieutenant
Marco Mariani as The Corporal
Jacques Herlin as The Veterinary
Valentino Macchi as Soldier
External links
1967 films
1960s war comedy films
Anti-war comedy films
Italian war comedy films
1960s Italian-language films
Films directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile
Films scored by Ennio Morricone
Anti-war films about World War I
World War I films set on the Italian Front
Films produced by Carlo Ponti
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1967 comedy films
1960s Italian films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leung%20Tsz%20Chun | Leung Tsz Chun (; born 19 May 1985 in Hong Kong) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer. He played as a striker and as a right-winger.
Career statistics
International
Hong Kong
As of 18 August 2012
Hong Kong U-23
''As of 18 April 2007
Honours
Eastern
Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2007–08
Hong Kong FA Cup: 2013–14
Pegasus
Hong Kong FA Cup: 2009–10
Sun Hei
Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2011–12
External links
1985 births
Living people
Hong Kong men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
South China AA players
Hong Kong Rangers FC players
Southern District FC players
Hong Kong Sapling players
Hong Kong First Division League players
Hong Kong Premier League players
Eastern Sports Club footballers
Hong Kong Pegasus FC players
Tai Po FC players
Hong Kong men's international footballers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Hang%20Wui | Li Hang Wui (; born 15 February 1985) is a Hong Kong football coach and a former professional footballer.
He was the captain of Hong Kong Olympic football team in 2007.
Career statistics
International
Hong Kong U-23
As of 21 November 2009
Hong Kong
As of 4 October 2011
External links
Profile at HKFA.com
Profile at doha-2006.com
1985 births
Living people
Hong Kong men's footballers
Hong Kong First Division League players
Hong Kong Premier League players
Hong Kong men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Citizen AA players
Kitchee SC players
Resources Capital FC players
Hong Kong FC (football) players
Sun Hei SC players
Metro Gallery FC players
Hong Kong football managers
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Hong Kong |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ershad%20Yousefi | Ershad Yousefi (, born September 19, 1981, in Mashhad, Iran) is an Iranian football goalkeeper who most recently plays for Foolad in Iran Pro League.
Club career
Club Career Statistics
Last Update 25 May 2015
International career
He was the goalkeeper of Iran national under-20 football team at the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship held in Argentina. In 2002, he was the reserve goalkeeper for Iran national football team at the West Asian Football Federation Championship, but did not make an appearance. In 2005, he was goalkeeper for Iran Under-23 team that participated in the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games in Saudi Arabia.
Honours
Foolad
Iran Pro League (1): 2013–14
Sepahan
Hazfi Cup (1}: 2003–04
References
Iran Pro League Stats
Iranian men's footballers
Persian Gulf Pro League players
F.C. Aboomoslem players
Sepahan S.C. footballers
Saipa F.C. players
Rahian Kermanshah F.C. players
Foolad F.C. players
Saba Qom F.C. players
Footballers from Mashhad
1981 births
Living people
Asian Games gold medalists for Iran
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Men's association football goalkeepers
21st-century Iranian people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novozymes | Novozymes A/S is a global biotechnology company headquartered in Bagsværd, outside of Copenhagen, Denmark. The company's focus is the research, development and production of industrial enzymes, microorganisms, and biopharmaceutical ingredients.
The company has operations around the world, including in China, India, Brazil, Argentina, United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. Class B shares of its stock are listed on the NASDAQ OMX Nordic exchange.
History
In 1925, the brothers Harald and Thorvald Pedersen founded Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium and Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium with the aim to produce insulin. In 1941 the company's predecessor launched its first enzyme, trypsin, extracted from the pancreas of animals and used to soften leather, and was the first to produce enzymes by fermentation using bacteria in the 1950s. In the late 1980s Novozymes presented the world's first fat-splitting enzyme for detergents manufactured with genetically engineered microorganisms, called Lipolase.
The current Novozymes was founded in 2000 as a spinout from pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk.
In the 2000s Novozymes expanded through the acquisition of several companies focusing on business outside the core enzyme business. Amongst them were the Brazilian bio agricultural company Turfal and German pharmaceutical, chemical and life science company EMD/Merck Crop BioScience Inc. These acquisitions made Novozymes a leader in sustainable solutions for the agricultural biological indus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphofructokinase | Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis.
Function
The enzyme-catalysed transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP is an important reaction in a wide variety of biological processes. Phosphofructokinase catalyses the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a key regulatory step in the glycolytic pathway. It is allosterically inhibited by ATP and allosterically activated by AMP, thus indicating the cell's energetic needs when it undergoes the glycolytic pathway. PFK exists as a homotetramer in bacteria and mammals (where each monomer possesses 2 similar domains) and as an octomer in yeast (where there are 4 alpha- (PFK1) and 4 beta-chains (PFK2), the latter, like the mammalian monomers, possessing 2 similar domains). This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.
PFK is about 300 amino acids in length, and structural studies of the bacterial enzyme have shown it comprises two similar (alpha/beta) lobes: one involved in ATP binding and the other housing both the substrate-binding site and the allosteric site (a regulatory binding site distinct from the active site, but that affects enzyme activity). The identical tetramer subunits adopt 2 different conformations: in a 'closed' state, the bound magnesium ion bridges the phosphoryl groups of the enzyme products (ADP and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate); and in an 'open' state, the magnesium ion binds only the ADP, as the 2 produ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMYB%20%28FM%29 | {{Infobox radio station
| name = WMYB
| logo = WMYB logo.png
| city = Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
| area = Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
| branding = Energy 92.1| frequency = 92.1 MHz
| repeater =
| airdate = January 11, 1965
| format = Top 40 (CHR)
| power =
| erp = 94,000 watts
| haat = 263 meters
| class = C1
| facility_id = 27265
| coordinates =
| callsign_meaning = W MYrtle Beach
| former_callsigns = WMYB-FM (1978–1979)WXTL (1979–1981)WJYR (1981–2000)
| affiliations =
| owner = Dick Broadcasting
| licensee = Dick Broadcasting Company, Inc. of Tennessee
| sister_stations =
| webcast = Listen Live
| website = www.energy921.com/
}}
WMYB is a Top 40 (CHR) radio station licensed to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It serves the Florence and Myrtle Beach areas. The station is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast at 92.1 MHz with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 94 kW. The station goes by the name Energy 92.1 and its slogan is "#1 for New Music". Its studios are located in Myrtle Beach, and its transmitter is located in Murrells Inlet.
History
WMYB-FM signed on January 11, 1965, with 3,000 watts simulcasting sister station 1450/WMYB's "Good Music" (American Songbook) format in mono. WMYB-FM played Country music for a while. Later, the station switched to disco with the callsign WXTL. For nearly two decades the station was WJYR "Joy 92", playing beautiful music, which added more and more vocals during the 1990s. As of 1997, WJYR was the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygromycin%20B | Hygromycin B is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is an aminoglycoside that kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis.
History
Hygromycin B was originally developed in the 1950s for use with animals and is still added into swine and chicken feed as an anthelmintic or anti-worming agent (product name: Hygromix). Hygromycin B is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, a bacterium isolated in 1953 from a soil sample. Resistance genes were discovered in the early 1980s.
Mechanism of action
Hygromycin is active against both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It acts by inhibiting polypeptide synthesis. It stabilizes the tRNA-ribosomal acceptor site, thereby inhibiting translation.
Use in research
In the laboratory it is used for the selection and maintenance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that contain the hygromycin resistance gene. The resistance gene is a kinase that inactivates hygromycin B through phosphorylation. Since the discovery of hygromycin-resistance genes, hygromycin B has become a standard selection antibiotic in gene transfer experiments in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Based on impurity monitor method, four different kinds of impurities are discovered in commercial hygromycin B from different suppliers and toxicities of different impurities to the cell lines are described in the following external links.
Use in plant research
Hygromycin resistance gene is frequently |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic%20Power | Traffic Power was a Las Vegas, Nevada search engine optimization company that engaged in black hat techniques. These were spamdexing practices that violated Google's webmaster guidelines. As a result, some Traffic Power clients have been banned from Google's organic search results.
According to a Wall Street Journal profile of the company, Traffic Power used high-risk techniques and failed to disclose those risks to its clients. Wired reported that Traffic Power sued blogger Aaron Wall and the website Traffic Power Sucks for stating that they were banned. Google software engineer Matt Cutts later confirmed that Google did in fact ban Traffic Power and some of its clients.
In January 2009 Traffic Power CEO Matt Marlon was jailed on accusations of fraud related to a foreclosure scam.
References
Black hat search engine optimization
Search engine optimization companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20kinase%20C%20zeta%20type | Protein kinase C, zeta (PKCζ), also known as PRKCZ, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the PRKCZ gene. The PRKCZ gene encodes at least two alternative transcripts, the full-length PKCζ and an N-terminal truncated form PKMζ. PKMζ is thought to be responsible for maintaining long-term memories in the brain. The importance of PKCζ in the creation and maintenance of long-term potentiation was first described by Todd Sacktor and his colleagues at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in 1993.
Structure
PKC-zeta has an N-terminal regulatory domain, followed by a hinge region and a C-terminal catalytic domain. Second messengers stimulate PKCs by binding to the regulatory domain, translocating the enzyme from cytosol to membrane, and producing a conformational change that removes auto-inhibition of the PKC catalytic protein kinase activity. PKM-zeta, a brain-specific isoform of PKC-zeta generated from an alternative transcript, lacks the regulatory region of full-length PKC-zeta and is therefore constitutively active.
PKMζ is the independent catalytic domain of PKCζ and, lacking an autoinhibitory regulatory domain of the full-length PKCζ, is constitutively and persistently active, without the need of a second messenger. It was originally thought of as being a cleavage product of full-length PKCζ, an atypical isoform of protein kinase C (PKC). Like other PKC isoforms, PKCζ is a serine/threonine kinase that adds phosphate groups to target proteins. It is atypical in that unlike o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form%20classification | Form classification is the classification of organisms based on their morphology, which does not necessarily reflect their biological relationships. Form classification, generally restricted to palaeontology, reflects uncertainty; the goal of science is to move "form taxa" to biological taxa whose affinity is known.
Form taxonomy is restricted to fossils that preserve too few characters for a conclusive taxonomic definition or assessment of their biological affinity, but whose study is made easier if a binomial name is available by which to identify them. The term "form classification" is preferred to "form taxonomy"; taxonomy suggests that the classification implies a biological affinity, whereas form classification is about giving a name to a group of morphologically-similar organisms that may not be related.
A "parataxon" (not to be confused with parataxonomy), or "sciotaxon" (Gr. "shadow taxon"), is a classification based on incomplete data: for instance, the larval stage of an organism that cannot be matched up with an adult. It reflects a paucity of data that makes biological classification impossible. A sciotaxon is defined as a taxon thought to be equivalent to a true taxon (orthotaxon), but whose identity cannot be established because the two candidate taxa are preserved in different ways and thus cannot be compared directly.
Examples
In zoology
Form taxa are groupings that are based on common overall forms. Early attempts at classification of labyrinthodont |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCD1 | ABCD1 is a protein that transfers fatty acids into peroxisomes.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ALD subfamily, which is involved in peroxisomal import of fatty acids and/or fatty acyl-CoAs in the organelle. All known peroxisomal ABC transporters are half transporters which require a partner half transporter molecule to form a functional homodimeric or heterodimeric transporter. This peroxisomal membrane protein is likely involved in the peroxisomal transport or catabolism of very long chain fatty acids.
Clinical significance
Defects in this gene have been identified as the underlying cause of adrenoleukodystrophy, an X-chromosome recessively inherited demyelinating disorder of the nervous system.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of ABCD1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Abcd1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of del |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Lindo%20Patterson | Arthur Lindo Patterson (23 July 1902, Nelson, New Zealand – 6 November 1966, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a pioneering British X-ray crystallographer. Patterson was born to British parents in New Zealand in 1902. Shortly afterwards the family moved to Montreal, Canada and later to London, England. In 1920 Patterson moved to Canada for college at McGill University, Montreal. Firstly he concentrated on Mathematics and but then changed his major to Physics. He received his bachelor's degree in 1923 and a master's in 1924. His master's thesis was on the production of hard X-rays by interaction of radium β rays with solids.
From 1924 to 1926 he worked in London in the laboratory of W. H. Bragg, where he learnt the art of crystal structure analysis.
In 1926 Patterson moved to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fibrous Materials Chemistry (later the Fritz Haber Institute) in the Dahlem neighbourhood of Berlin, where he worked on the X-ray crystallography of cellulose fibres. In Berlin he had the fortune to meet the scientific elite of the time, which included Max von Laue, Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Walther Nernst, Hans Bethe, Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner and Peter Pringsheim.
In 1927 he returned to McGill, finishing his work for the PhD degree in 1928.
From 1933 to 1946, Patterson was a visiting researcher in the laboratory of Bertram Eugene Warren (1902–1991) at MIT. It was during this time that he published his famous function, now called the Patterson function, which subseque |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homometric%20structures | In chemistry and crystallography, crystal structures that have the same set of interatomic distances are called homometric structures. Homometric structures need not be congruent (that is, related by a rigid motion or reflection). Homometric crystal structures produce identical diffraction patterns; therefore, they cannot be distinguished by a diffraction experiment.
Recently, a Monte Carlo algorithm was proposed to calculate the number of homometric structures corresponding to any given set of interatomic distances.
See also
Patterson function
Arthur Lindo Patterson
References
Stereochemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Union%20of%20Crystallography | The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) is an organisation devoted to the international promotion and coordination of the science of crystallography. The IUCr is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
Objectives
The objectives of the IUCr are to promote international cooperation in crystallography and to contribute to all aspects of crystallography, to promote international publication of crystallographic research, to facilitate standardization of methods, units, nomenclatures and symbols, and to form a focus for the relations of crystallography to other sciences.
The IUCr fulfils these objectives by publishing in print and electronically primary scientific journals through the Acta Crystallographica journal series, as well as Journal of Applied Crystallography, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, IUCrJ, the series of reference volumes International Tables for Crystallography, distributing the quarterly IUCr Newsletter, maintaining the online World Directory/Database of Crystallographers, awarding the Ewald Prize and organising the triennial Congress and General Assembly.
History
In 1944 the yearly meeting of the X-ray Analysis Group (XRAG) of the UK Institute of Physics was held in Oxford, and the distinguished German crystallographer Paul Peter Ewald, who then taught at Queen's University Belfast, was invited to give the evening lecture. In it he gave a historical survey of some of the stages in the evolution of X-ray crystallography and end |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiautomaton | In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a semiautomaton is a deterministic finite automaton having inputs but no output. It consists of a set Q of states, a set Σ called the input alphabet, and a function T: Q × Σ → Q called the transition function.
Associated with any semiautomaton is a monoid called the characteristic monoid, input monoid, transition monoid or transition system of the semiautomaton, which acts on the set of states Q. This may be viewed either as an action of the free monoid of strings in the input alphabet Σ, or as the induced transformation semigroup of Q.
In older books like Clifford and Preston (1967) semigroup actions are called "operands".
In category theory, semiautomata essentially are functors.
Transformation semigroups and monoid acts
A transformation semigroup or transformation monoid is a pair consisting of a set Q (often called the "set of states") and a semigroup or monoid M of functions, or "transformations", mapping Q to itself. They are functions in the sense that every element m of M is a map . If s and t are two functions of the transformation semigroup, their semigroup product is defined as their function composition .
Some authors regard "semigroup" and "monoid" as synonyms. Here a semigroup need not have an identity element; a monoid is a semigroup with an identity element (also called "unit"). Since the notion of functions acting on a set always includes the notion of an identity function, which when applied to the s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine%20dehydrogenase | Amine Dehydrogenase (), also known as methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), is a tryptophan tryptophylquinone-dependent (TTQ-dependent) enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of a primary amine to an aldehyde and ammonia. The reaction occurs as follows:
RCH2NH2 + H2O + acceptor → RCHO + NH3 + reduced acceptor
Amine dehydrogenase possesses an α2β2 structure with each smaller β subunit possessing a TTQ protein cofactor.
Amine dehydrogenase, studied in Paracoccus denitrificans, at least transiently forms a ternary complex to catalyze methylamine-dependent cytochrome c-551i reduction. Within this complex, electrons are transferred from the TTQ cofactor of MADH to the Type 1 copper center of amicyanin, and then to the heme of the cytochrome.
References
External links
EC 1.4.99 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade%20of%20Varna | The Crusade of Varna was an unsuccessful military campaign mounted by several European leaders to check the expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Central Europe, specifically the Balkans between 1443 and 1444. It was called by Pope Eugene IV on 1 January 1443 and led by King Władysław III of Poland, John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania, and Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy.
The Crusade of Varna culminated in a decisive Ottoman victory over the crusader alliance at the Battle of Varna on 10 November 1444, during which Władysław and the expedition's papal legate Julian Cesarini were killed.
Background
In 1428, while the Ottoman Empire was fighting a war with the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Hungary they achieved a temporary peace by establishing the Serbian Despotate as a buffer state. After the war ended in 1430, the Ottomans returned to their earlier objective of controlling all lands south of the Danube. In 1432, Sultan Murad II began raiding into Transylvania. After King Sigismund died in 1437, the attacks intensified, with the Ottomans occupying Borač in 1438 and Zvornik and Srebrenica in 1439. At the end of 1439, Smederevo capitulated and Murad succeeded in making Serbia an Ottoman province. Đurađ Branković, Despot of Serbia, fled to his estates in Hungary. In 1440, Murad besieged Hungary's main border fortress, Belgrade. After failing to take the fortress, he was forced to return to Anatolia to stop attacks by the Karamanids.
Meanwhile, Sigismund's successo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausktribosphenidae | Ausktribosphenidae is an extinct family of australosphenidan mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Australia and mid Cretaceous of South America.
Classification and taxonomy
Ausktribosphenidae is closely related to monotremes and hence the two form the yinotherian clade Australosphenida. It includes two species, Ausktribosphenos nyktos and Bishops whitmorei, both of which are known only from skull and jaw fragments.
Morphology
Like other Australosphenida, ausktribosphenids have tribosphenic molars.
Distribution
Given that Ausktribosphenidae has been found in Early Cretaceous deposits in Australia, its occurrence has ramifications for knowledge of early monotreme paleobiogeography because Australia was connected only to Antarctica, and placentals originated in the northern hemisphere and were confined to it until continental drift formed land connections from North America to South America, from Asia to Africa and from Asia to India. The late Cretaceous map shows how the southern continents are separated. However, the cladistic analysis of Cifelliodon recovers Fruitafossor as a monotreme relative, suggesting that yinotherians may have originated in the Northern Hemisphere. Remains similar to Bishops are known from the mid Cretaceous Mata Amarilla Formation of Argentina, suggesting faunal interchange.
References
Cretaceous mammals of Australia
Australosphenida
Prehistoric mammal families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Scully | Anthony Derek Thomas Scully (born 12 June 1976 in Dublin) is an Irish former professional footballer and coach who started his career with Crystal Palace.
Career
While at Palace Scully went on loan to AFC Bournemouth and Cardiff City before joining Manchester City in 1997. He was loaned out to league rivals Stoke City in 1998 where he played seven games for The Potters before he returned to Manchester City. He left for Queens Park Rangers in March 1998 for a fee of £155,000. He spent three years at Loftus Road, and joined Cambridge United after. Scully then went on to spend short periods of time at Dagenham & Redbridge (where he scored twice in the Football League Trophy against Leyton Orient and former club QPR), Barnet, Tamworth (where he scored on his only appearance for the club against Leigh RMI), Notts County and Exeter before finishing his career at Crawley Town due to a persistent knee injury.
Career statistics
Source:
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Republic of Ireland men's association footballers
Republic of Ireland men's under-21 international footballers
Association footballers from Dublin (city)
Crystal Palace F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Exeter City |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optima%20%28disambiguation%29 | Optima is a typeface.
Optima may also refer to:
Arts, media, and entertainment
Optima (EP), a 1996 EP by Christ Analogue
Optima, the newsletter of the Mathematical Optimization Society
Businesses and organizations
Optima bank, a bank company in Greece
Optima Bus Corporation, a former United States bus manufacturer
Optima Telekom, a telecommunications operator in Croatia
Optima, a convenience store operated by Sunoco at Wal-Mart stores
Optima, a series of automotive batteries produced by Johnson Controls
Optima Card, a revolving credit card issued by American Express from 1987 to 2009
Optima Health, a managed-care plan by Sentara Healthcare
Televisión Regional de Chile, a private terrestrial television channel in Chile, formerly known as Televisión Óptima from 2005 to 2006
Places
Optima, Oklahoma, United States, a town
Optima Lake
Optima National Wildlife Refuge
Optima Signature, a residential skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States
Vehicles
Optima, a barque that wrecked in 1905
Eagle Optima, a 1990 American mid-size concept sedan
Kia Optima, a 2000–present Korean mid-size car
Daewoo LeMans, a 1986–2016 Korean compact car, sold in Canada from 1988 to 1991 as Passport Optima
Other uses
Optima (grape), a German white wine grape
See also
Optimal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovotransferrin | Ovotransferrin (conalbumin) is a glycoprotein of egg white albumen. Egg white albumen is composed of multiple proteins, of which ovotransferrin is the most heat reliable. It has a molecular weight of 76,000 daltons and contains about 700 amino acids. Ovotransferrin makes up approximately 13% of egg albumen (in contrast to ovalbumin, which comprises 54%). As a member of the transferrin and metalloproteinase family, ovotransferrin has been found to possess antibacterial and antioxydant and immunomodulatory properties, arising primarily through its iron (Fe3+) binding capacity by locking away a key biochemical component necessary for micro-organismal survival. Bacteria starved of iron are rendered incapable of moving, making ovotransferrin a potent bacteriostatic.
Structure
Ovotransferrin is folded in a way that forms two lobes (N- and C- terminals) and each lobe consists of a binding site. Each lobe is then divided into two domains of 160 amino acid residues. Its structure also consists of fifteen disulfide crosslinks and no free sulfhydryl groups. Disulfide groups stabilize the tertiary structures of proteins. Transferrins are iron binding proteins and acute phase reactants of animal serum. It has a binding log of 15 at a pH of 7 or above, meaning that the iron binding capacity of ovotransferrin rapidly decreased at a pH that is less than 6. This family is also known for their role in cell maturation by transporting essential nutrients to developing embryos. Ovotransferrin f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puggalapa%C3%B1%C3%B1atti | The Puggalapaññatti is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism, where it is included in the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
This book deals with classifications of persons, which are arranged numerically, from 1-fold to 10-fold. It lists them at the beginning and then explains them.
Translations
A Designation of Human Types, tr B. C. Law, 1922, Pali Text Society, Bristol
See also
Buddhist personality types
External links
Pali text and English translation at suttacentral.net
Abhidhamma Pitaka
Theravada Buddhist texts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roop%20Tera%20Mastana | Roop Tera Mastana ( Your beauty is intoxicating) is a 1972 Hindi-language thriller film, produced by Baldev Pushkarna and M.M. Malhotra under the Suchitra Kala Mandir banner and directed by Khalid Akhtar. It stars Jeetendra, Mumtaz, Pran in lead roles and music composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal.
Plot
The film begins with the cold-blooded murder of Usha, Princess (Mumtaz) of a royal dynasty by her cut-throat secretary Ajith Singh (Pran). Then, he conspires by snaring an ingénue Kiran (again Mumtaz) one that resembles the princess. He intimidates her, purports as Usha, and confines her to act until the princess's birthday. Since then, she will be the heir of the dynasty. Raj Kumar (Jeetendra) prince of another royal dynasty who is the fiancé’ of Usha arrives and observes a change in her but she somehow muddles through. On the eve of the birthday, Ajith learns that according to the testament Usha is unable to get the privilege until her wedding. Thus, he makes Kiran admit to wedlock with Kumar by menacing. Raja Saab (again Jeetendra) father of Kumar, splendidly performs their marriage. After a while, Kiran starts truly loving Kumar she tries to get away from Ajith's hoods, but in vain. Besides, an unknown suspicion begins in Kumar starts digging, when Ajith underhand slays and assumes him as dead. Knowing it, angered Kiran seeks to kill Ajith, in that mishap she loses her memory. Here, Kumar gamely returns in the guise of Raja Saab, recovers Kiran, and understands her virtue. He a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity%20in%20Colombia | The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies and a survey, about 90% of the population adheres to Christianity, the majority of which (70.9%) are Roman Catholic, while a significant minority (16.7%) adhere to Protestantism (primarily Evangelicalism) and other Christian groups.
Roman Catholic archdioceses and other dioceses (in brackets)
Barranquilla: (El Banco, Riohacha, Santa Marta, Valledupar)
Bogotá: (Engativá, Facatativá, Fontibón, Girardot, Soacha, Zipaquirá)
Bucaramanga: (Barrancabermeja, Málaga-Soatá, Socorro y San Gil, Vélez)
Cali: (Buenaventura, Buga, Cartago, Palmira)
Cartagena: (Magangué, Montelibano, Montería, Sincelejo)
Ibagué: (Espinal, Florencia, Garzón, Líbano-Honda, Neiva)
Manizales: (Armenia, La Dorada-Guaduas, Pereira)
Medellín: (Caldas, Girardota, Jericó, Sonsón-Rionegro)
Nueva Pamplona: (Arauca, Cúcuta, Ocaña, Tibú)
Popayán: (Ipiales, Mocoa-Sibundoy, Pasto, Tumaco)
Santa Fe de Antioquia: (Apartadó, Istmina-Tadó, Quibdó, Santa Rosa de Osos)
Tunja: (Chiquinquirá, Duitama-Sogamoso, Garagoa, Yopal)
Villavicencio: (Granada en Colombia, San José del Guaviare)
Other Churches
Protestantism, primarily Evangelicalism, represents 14% of the population in 2022; international NGOs have stated that indigenous Protestants face threats, harassment and arbitrary detention in their communities due to their religious beliefs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stahleckeriidae | Stahleckeriidae is a family of dicynodont therapsids whose fossils are known from the Triassic of North America, South America, Asia and Africa.
Classification
Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram from Kammerer et al. (2013):
Genera
References
Kannemeyeriiformes
Induan first appearances
Norian extinctions
Prehistoric therapsid families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagnano%27s%20problem | In geometry, Fagnano's problem is an optimization problem that was first stated by Giovanni Fagnano in 1775:
The solution is the orthic triangle, with vertices at the base points of the altitudes of the given triangle.
Solution
The orthic triangle, with vertices at the base points of the altitudes of the given triangle, has the smallest perimeter of all triangles inscribed into an acute triangle, hence it is the solution of Fagnano's problem. Fagnano's original proof used calculus methods and an intermediate result given by his father Giulio Carlo de' Toschi di Fagnano. Later however several geometric proofs were discovered as well, amongst others by Hermann Schwarz and Lipót Fejér. These proofs use the geometrical properties of reflections to determine some minimal path representing the perimeter.
Physical principles
A solution from physics is found by imagining putting a rubber band that follows Hooke's Law around the three sides of a triangular frame , such that it could slide around smoothly. Then the rubber band would end up in a position that minimizes its elastic energy, and therefore minimize its total length. This position gives the minimal perimeter triangle.
The tension inside the rubber band is the same everywhere in the rubber band, so in its resting position, we have, by Lami's theorem,
Therefore, this minimal triangle is the orthic triangle.
See also
Set TSP problem, a more general task of visiting each of a family of sets by the shortest tour
Reference |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleave | Cleave may refer to:
Cleave (surname)
Cleave (fiber), a controlled break in optical fiber
RAF Cleave, was an airfield in the north of Cornwall, England, May 1939 - Nov 1945
The process of protein cleaving as a form of post-translational modification
Cleave (Therapy? album), 2018
"Cleaved" (Star vs. the Forces of Evil), a 2019 episode
See also
Cleavage (disambiguation)
Cleaver (disambiguation)
Cleeve (disambiguation)
Cleaves (surname)
Cleft (disambiguation)
Van Cleave |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturita%20Formation | The Naturita Formation is a classification used in western Colorado and eastern Utah for a Cretaceous Period sedimentary geologic formation. This name was "applied to the upper or carbonaceous part of Dakota Group" by R.G. Young in 1960, naming it for Naturita, Colorado. The name is not used by U.S. Geological Survey authors, but has found growing acceptance by the Utah Geological Survey
History of the name
The formation in Utah and western Colorado overlies the Cedar Mountain and Burro Canyon Formations, and underlies the Mancos Shale formation, thus occupying a similar position of sedimentary strata that have widely been called Dakota Formation in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska.
The use of the name "Dakota" in western states was the result of early geological mapping by F.V. Hayden beginning in the 1850. For convenience, he maintained the same terminology developed during the early mapping along the Missouri River as he began mapping farther west in the 1860s even while acknowledging "There are very few points of resemblance between these beds and those which form the Dakota group, as seen in Kansas and Nebraska. All the evidence therefore that I have had to guide me in regard to these beds along the margin of the mountain ranges has been their position." (p. 114). Despite this doubt by Hayden, the name Dakota Formation became entrenched in many western states, but has been renamed as the Lakota Formation in South Dakota, the Cloverly Formation in Wyoming and Montana (in pa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MADH | MADH may refer to:
Arabian panegyric poetry (praise-poems)
the enzyme Methylamine dehydrogenase
any homolog of the Drosophila gene "Mothers against decapentaplegic", e.g. SMAD1
a module file format for music on computers
Madh Island near Mumbai, India
ACP-SH:acetate ligase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovomucin | Ovomucin is a glycoprotein found mainly in egg whites, as well as in the chalaza and vitelline membrane. The protein makes up around 2-4% of the protein content of egg whites; like other members of the mucin protein family, ovomucin confers gel-like properties. It is composed of two subunits, alpha-ovomucin (MUC5B) and beta-ovomucin (MUC6), of which the beta subunit is much more heavily glycosylated.
External links
References
Eggs
Mucins
Avian proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20cellular%20automaton | A quantum cellular automaton (QCA) is an abstract model of quantum computation, devised in analogy to conventional models of cellular automata introduced by John von Neumann. The same name may also refer to quantum dot cellular automata, which are a proposed physical implementation of "classical" cellular automata by exploiting quantum mechanical phenomena. QCA have attracted a lot of attention as a result of its extremely small feature size (at the molecular or even atomic scale) and its ultra-low power consumption, making it one candidate for replacing CMOS technology.
Usage of the term
In the context of models of computation or of physical systems, quantum cellular automaton refers to the merger of elements of both (1) the study of cellular automata in conventional computer science and (2) the study of quantum information processing. In particular, the following are features of models of quantum cellular automata:
The computation is considered to come about by parallel operation of multiple computing devices, or cells. The cells are usually taken to be identical, finite-dimensional quantum systems (e.g. each cell is a qubit).
Each cell has a neighborhood of other cells. Altogether these form a network of cells, which is usually taken to be regular (e.g. the cells are arranged as a lattice with or without periodic boundary conditions).
The evolution of all of the cells has a number of physics-like symmetries. Locality is one: the next state of a cell depends only on it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mass%20spectrometry%20software | Mass spectrometry software is software used for data acquisition, analysis, or representation in mass spectrometry.
Proteomics software
In protein mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry (also known as MS/MS or MS2) experiments are used for protein/peptide identification. Peptide identification algorithms fall into two broad classes: database search and de novo search. The former search takes place against a database containing all amino acid sequences assumed to be present in the analyzed sample, whereas the latter infers peptide sequences without knowledge of genomic data.
Database search algorithms
De novo sequencing algorithms
De novo peptide sequencing algorithms are based, in general, on the approach proposed in Bartels et al. (1990).
Homology searching algorithms
MS/MS peptide quantification
Other software
See also
Mass spectrometry data format: for a list of mass spectrometry data viewers and format converters.
List of protein structure prediction software
References
External links
List
Proteomics
Lists of bioinformatics software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascot%20%28software%29 | Mascot is a software search engine that uses mass spectrometry data to identify proteins from peptide sequence databases. Mascot is widely used by research facilities around the world. Mascot uses a probabilistic scoring algorithm for protein identification that was adapted from the MOWSE algorithm. Mascot is freely available to use on the website of Matrix Science. A license is required for in-house use where more features can be incorporated.
History means
MOWSE was one of the first algorithms developed for protein identification using peptide mass fingerprinting. It was originally developed in 1993 as a collaboration between Darryl Pappin of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) and Alan Bleasby of the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). MOWSE stood apart from other protein identification algorithms in that it produced a probability-based score for identification. It was also the first to take into account the non-uniform distribution of peptide sizes, caused by the enzymatic digestion of a protein that is needed for mass spectrometry analysis. However, MOWSE was only applicable to peptide mass fingerprint searches and was dependent on pre-compiled databases which were inflexible with regard to post-translational modifications and enzymes other than trypsin. To overcome these limitations, to take advantage of multi-processor systems and to add non-enzymatic search functionality, development was begun again from scratch by David Perkins at the Imperial Can |
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