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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20blanket
In statistics and machine learning, when one wants to infer a random variable with a set of variables, usually a subset is enough, and other variables are useless. Such a subset that contains all the useful information is called a Markov blanket. If a Markov blanket is minimal, meaning that it cannot drop any variable ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal%20Markov%20condition
The Markov condition, sometimes called the Markov assumption, is an assumption made in Bayesian probability theory, that every node in a Bayesian network is conditionally independent of its nondescendants, given its parents. Stated loosely, it is assumed that a node has no bearing on nodes which do not descend from it....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolores%20%22LaLa%22%20Brooks
Dolores Brooks (born June 20, 1947), also known as Sakinah Muhammad, is the second lead singer of the girl group the Crystals. She is best known as the lead vocalist on the Crystals' hits "Then He Kissed Me" and "Da Doo Ron Ron". About Brooks was the second youngest of 11 children, born to a Native American mother and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20distortion%20synthesis
Phase distortion (PD) synthesis is a synthesis method introduced in 1984 by Casio in its CZ range of synthesizers. In outline, it is similar to phase modulation synthesis as championed by Yamaha Corporation (under the name of frequency modulation), in the sense that both methods dynamically change the harmonic content ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioredoxin
Thioredoxin (TRX or TXN) is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms. It plays a role in many important biological processes, including redox signaling. In humans, thioredoxins are encoded by TXN and TXN2 genes. Loss-of-function mutation of either of the two human thioredoxin genes is letha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasch%27s%20theorem
In geometry, Pasch's theorem, stated in 1882 by the German mathematician Moritz Pasch, is a result in plane geometry which cannot be derived from Euclid's postulates. Statement The statement is as follows: [Here, for example, (, , ) means that point lies between points and .] See also Ordered geometry Pasch's axi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biaxial%20nematic
A biaxial nematic is a spatially homogeneous liquid crystal with three distinct optical axes. This is to be contrasted to a simple nematic, which has a single preferred axis, around which the system is rotationally symmetric. The symmetry group of a biaxial nematic is i.e. that of a rectangular right parallelepiped, h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P6
P6, P-6, or P.6 may refer to: P6 (microarchitecture), a sixth-generation Intel x86 microprocessor microarchitecture POWER6, a sixth-generational IBM microprocessor microarchitecture p6 protein, a protein of HIV HAT-P-6, a star in the constellation Andromeda Integrated Truss Structure#P6, S6 trusses, trusses on the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P1
P1, P01, P-1 or P.1 may refer to: Computing, robotics, and, telecommunications DSC-P1, a 2000 Sony Cyber-shot P series camera model Sony Ericsson P1, a UIQ 3 smartphone Packet One, the first company to launch WiMAX service in Southeast Asia Peer 1, an Internet hosting provider Honda P1, a 1993 Honda P series of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Utts
Jessica Utts (born 1952) is a parapsychologist and statistics professor at the University of California, Irvine. She is known for her textbooks on statistics and her investigation into remote viewing. Statistics education In 2003, Utts published an article in American Statistician, a journal published by the American...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Economic%20Geologists
The Society of Economic Geologists (SEG) is a scientific organization that promotes the study of geology as it relates to mining, mineral exploration, mineral resource classification and mineral extraction. The society's Publication Board publishes the scientific journal Economic Geology. The society serves 7,000+ memb...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20metabolism
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20pass%20effect
The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reduction in the concentration of the active drug, specifically when administered orally, before it reaches the site of action or systemic circulat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxide%20hydrolase
Epoxide hydrolases (EHs), also known as epoxide hydratases, are enzymes that metabolize compounds that contain an epoxide residue; they convert this residue to two hydroxyl residues through an epoxide hydrolysis reaction to form diol products. Several enzymes possess EH activity. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (epoxide h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult%20T-cell%20leukemia/lymphoma
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL or ATLL) is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm. A small amount of HTLV-1 indivi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P0
P0 or p0 may refer to:⁰ P0 protein lppp Standard atmospheric pressure of 101325 Pa Neutronium, hypothetically occupying Period 0 in the periodic table Proflight Zambia IATA airline coo See also 0P (disambiguation) PO (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20reading%20frame
In molecular biology, open reading frames (ORFs) are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. Usually, this is considered within a studied region of a prokaryotic DNA sequence, where only one of the six possible reading frames will be "open" (the "reading", however, refers to the RNA produced...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20battery
A primary battery or primary cell is a battery (a galvanic cell) that is designed to be used once and discarded, and not recharged with electricity and reused like a secondary cell (rechargeable battery). In general, the electrochemical reaction occurring in the cell is not reversible, rendering the cell unrechargeable...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Barna
George Barna (born 1954) is the founder of The Barna Group, a market research firm specializing in studying the religious beliefs and behavior of Americans, and the intersection of faith and culture. From 2013 - 2018 he served as the executive director of the American Culture & Faith Institute, the research division of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%2098
The British Rail Class 98 is a Total Operations Processing System (TOPS) classification that has been used to cover all steam locomotives used on the mainline in Britain, but also has a particular usage for the three Vale of Rheidol Railway-design locomotives that remained in the ownership of British Rail (BR) after t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lakes
Crystal Lakes may refer to: Crystal Lakes, Missouri, United States Crystal Lakes, New Jersey, United States Crystal Lakes, Ohio, United States See also Crystal Lake (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroneuronography
Electroneuronography or electroneurography (ENoG) is a neurological non-invasive test used to study the facial nerve in cases of muscle weakness in one side of the face (Bell's palsy). The technique of electroneuronography was first used by Esslen and Fisch in 1979 to describe a technique that examines the integrity a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum%20Instruments
Pendulum Instruments is a line of scientific instruments for high-resolution time and frequency measurements. Pendulum was originally created in the 1960s as the Philips time and frequency competence center. After 30 years of existence within Philips, it was spun off from 1998 but continued to sell Philips-branded ins...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granzyme
Granzymes are serine proteases released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. They induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the target cell, thus eliminating cells that have become cancerous or are infected with viruses or bacteria. Granzymes also kill bacteria and inhibit v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezemvelo%20KZN%20Wildlife
Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife (officially, the KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Board) is a governmental organisation responsible for maintaining wildlife conservation areas and biodiversity in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Their headquarters is in Queen Elizabeth Park situated on the northern slopes of Pietermaritzbu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROAM
Real-time optimally adapting mesh (ROAM) is a continuous level of detail algorithm that optimizes terrain meshes. On modern computers, sometimes it is more effective to send a small amount of unneeded polygons to the GPU, rather than burden the CPU with LOD (Level of Detail) calculations—making algorithms like geomipma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20eddy%20simulation
Large eddy simulation (LES) is a mathematical model for turbulence used in computational fluid dynamics. It was initially proposed in 1963 by Joseph Smagorinsky to simulate atmospheric air currents, and first explored by Deardorff (1970). LES is currently applied in a wide variety of engineering applications, includin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal%20root%20ganglion
A dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion; also known as a posterior root ganglion) is a cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The cell bodies of sensory neurons known as first-order neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. The axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons are known as a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20cell
A dry cell is a type of electric battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices. Unlike wet cell batteries, which have a liquid electrolyte, dry cells use an electrolyte in the form of a paste, and are thus less susceptible to leakage. The dry cell was developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner, a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20cylinder
Air cylinder may refer to: A gas cylinder used to store compressed air Pneumatic cylinder, a mechanical device used to impart a force from a fluid, such as air
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Classes%20316%20and%20457
Class 316 and Class 457 were TOPS classifications assigned to a single electric multiple unit (EMU) at different stages of its use as a prototype for the Networker series. Project In the late 1980s, the Network SouthEast division of British Rail, which operated the railway network in South East England, started to dev...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract%20surgery
Cataract surgery, which is also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens (also called the "crystalline lens") of the human eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. The eye's natural lens is usually replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Over time, metabolic c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boracite
Boracite is a magnesium borate mineral with formula: Mg3B7O13Cl. It occurs as blue green, colorless, gray, yellow to white crystals in the orthorhombic - pyramidal crystal system. Boracite also shows pseudo-isometric cubical and octahedral forms. These are thought to be the result of transition from an unstable high te...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature%20selection
Feature selection is the process of selecting a subset of relevant features (variables, predictors) for use in model construction. Stylometry and DNA microarray analysis are two cases where feature selection is used. It should be distinguished from feature extraction. Feature selection techniques are used for several...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal%20lamina
The basal lamina is a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits. It is often incorrectly referred to as the basement membrane, though it does constitute a portion of the basement membrane. The basal lamina is visible only with the electron microscope, where it appears ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itoh%E2%80%93Tsujii%20inversion%20algorithm
The Itoh–Tsujii inversion algorithm is used to invert elements in a finite field. It was introduced in 1988, first over GF(2m) using the normal basis representation of elements, however, the algorithm is generic and can be used for other bases, such as the polynomial basis. It can also be used in any finite field GF(pm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyromorphite
Pyromorphite is a mineral species composed of lead chlorophosphate: Pb5(PO4)3Cl, sometimes occurring in sufficient abundance to be mined as an ore of lead. Crystals are common, and have the form of a hexagonal prism terminated by the basal planes, sometimes combined with narrow faces of a hexagonal pyramid. Crystals wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic%20gradient%20descent
Stochastic gradient descent (often abbreviated SGD) is an iterative method for optimizing an objective function with suitable smoothness properties (e.g. differentiable or subdifferentiable). It can be regarded as a stochastic approximation of gradient descent optimization, since it replaces the actual gradient (calcul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converter
Converter may refer to: Electromagnetics Frequency converter Voltage converter, another name for Electromagnetic transformer Switched-mode power supply DC-to-DC converter Power inverter (DC to AC) Solar inverter Electronics Digital-to-analog converter Analog-to-digital converter "Frequency-to-Voltage converter" (F-V...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicable
Predicable (Lat. praedicabilis, that which may be stated or affirmed, sometimes called quinque voces or five words) is, in scholastic logic, a term applied to a classification of the possible relations in which a predicate may stand to its subject. It is not to be confused with 'praedicamenta', the scholastics' term f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlapping%20subproblems
In computer science, a problem is said to have overlapping subproblems if the problem can be broken down into subproblems which are reused several times or a recursive algorithm for the problem solves the same subproblem over and over rather than always generating new subproblems. For example, the problem of computing...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontlight
A frontlight is a means of illuminating a display device, usually a liquid crystal display (LCD), which would otherwise be viewed in ambient light. This improves its performance in poor lighting conditions. An LCD presents an image by absorbing some light passing through it. When an electric field is applied across th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight%20shift
The Knight shift is a shift in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency of a paramagnetic substance first published in 1949 by the UC Berkeley physicist Walter D. Knight. For an ensemble of N spins in a magnetic induction field , the nuclear Hamiltonian for the Knight shift is expressed in Cartesian form by: ,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%202
Class 2 may refer to: BR Standard Class 2 2-6-0, British steam locomotive BR Standard Class 2 2-6-2T, British steam locomotive Class 2 Touring Cars, FIA classification for cars in auto racing Classes of U.S. Senators L&YR Class 2, British 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed by William Barton Wright L&YR Class 2 (Asp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Charles%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Sturm
Jacques Charles François Sturm (29 September 1803 – 15 December 1855) was a French mathematician, who made a significant addition to equation theory with his work, the Sturm's theorem. Early life Sturm was born in Geneva, Switzerland in 1803. The family of his father, Jean-Henri Sturm, had emigrated from Strasbourg ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnace%20anneal
Furnace annealing is a process used in semiconductor device fabrication which consist of heating multiple semiconductor wafers in order to affect their electrical properties. Heat treatments are designed for different effects. Wafers can be heated in order to activate dopants, change film to film or film to wafer subst...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodierna%20of%20Jerusalem
Hodierna of Jerusalem ( 1110 – 1164) was a countess consort of Tripoli through her marriage to Raymond II of Tripoli, and regent of the County of Tripoli during the minority of her son from 1152 until 1155. Early life She was the daughter of Baldwin II of Jerusalem and the Armenian noblewoman Morphia. Hodierna was th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta%20potential
Zeta potential is the electrical potential at the slipping plane. This plane is the interface which separates mobile fluid from fluid that remains attached to the surface. Zeta potential is a scientific term for electrokinetic potential in colloidal dispersions. In the colloidal chemistry literature, it is usually den...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochicken
Astrochicken is the name given to a thought experiment expounded by theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson. An Astrochicken is a small, one-kilogram spacecraft, a self-replicating automaton that could explore space more efficiently than a crewed craft could due to its innovative mix of technology. Description In his boo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Thailand
Islam is a minority faith in Thailand, with statistics suggesting 4.9% of the population are Muslim. Figures as high as 5% of Thailand's population have also been mentioned. A 2023 Pew Research Center survey gave 7%. Most Thai Muslims are Sunni Muslims, although Thailand has a diverse population that includes immigra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAM%20%28software%29
YAM (short for Yet Another Mailer) is a MIME-compliant E-mail client written for AmigaOS and derivative operating systems. Originally created by Marcel Beck, it currently supports multiple user accounts, encrypted communications via OpenSSL and PGP, unlimited hierarchical folders and filters, a configurable GUI based o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostwald
Ostwald may refer to: Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald, the physico-chemist (awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1909) Ostwald's rule of polymorphism: in general, the least stable polymorph crystallizes first The Ostwald Process, a synthesis method for making nitric acid from ammonia Ostwald ripening, a crystallizati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation%20factor%20VII
Coagulation factor VII (, formerly known as proconvertin) is one of the proteins that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade, and in humans is coded for by the gene F7. It is an enzyme of the serine protease class. Once bound to tissue factor released from damaged tissues, it is converted to factor VIIa (or b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patience%20sorting
In computer science, patience sorting is a sorting algorithm inspired by, and named after, the card game patience. A variant of the algorithm efficiently computes the length of a longest increasing subsequence in a given array. Overview The algorithm's name derives from a simplified variant of the patience card game. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20for%20Life
Body for Life (BFL) is a 12-week nutrition and exercise program, and also an annual physique transformation competition. The program utilizes a low-fat high-protein diet. It was created by Bill Phillips, a former competitive bodybuilder and previous owner of EAS, a manufacturer of nutritional supplements. It has been...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugacity
In chemical thermodynamics, the fugacity of a real gas is an effective partial pressure which replaces the mechanical partial pressure in an accurate computation of chemical equilibrium. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same temperature and molar Gibbs free energy as the real gas. Fugacities a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun%20%28disambiguation%29
A shotgun is a type of firearm. Sawed-off shotgun Shotgun may also refer to: Science and technology Shotgun hill climbing, a type of mathematical optimization algorithm in computer science Shotgun house, a type of narrow, rectangular house Shotgun sequencing, a method of sequencing DNA Shotgunning (cold reading), a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD%20%28disambiguation%29
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) is an American semiconductor manufacturer. AMD may also refer to: Science/technology Acid mine drainage Age-related macular degeneration of the eye Algorithmic mechanism design, a field of economics AMD64 CPU architecture AMD-65 Automata Módosított Deszantfegyver (Automatic Modified ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20the%20United%20Arab%20Emirates
Islam is the official religion of the United Arab Emirates. Of the total population, 76.9% are Muslims as of a 2010 estimate by the Pew Research Center. Although no official statistics are available for the breakdown between Sunni and Shia Muslims among noncitizen residents, media estimates suggest less than 20 percent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinoid%20necrosis
Fibrinoid necrosis is a specific pattern of irreversible, uncontrolled cell death that occurs when antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the walls of blood vessels along with fibrin. It is common in the immune-mediated vasculitides which are a result of type III hypersensitivity. When stained with hematoxylin and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-4-2%20%28locomotive%29
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, represents a configuration of a four-wheeled leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels supporting part of the weight of the boiler and firebox. This allows a larger firebox and boiler than t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-gradient%20force
In fluid mechanics, the pressure-gradient force is the force that results when there is a difference in pressure across a surface. In general, a pressure is a force per unit area across a surface. A difference in pressure across a surface then implies a difference in force, which can result in an acceleration accord...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semidefinite%20embedding
Maximum Variance Unfolding (MVU), also known as Semidefinite Embedding (SDE), is an algorithm in computer science that uses semidefinite programming to perform non-linear dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional vectorial input data. It is motivated by the observation that kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductive%20hearing%20loss
Conductive hearing loss (CHL) occurs when there is a problem transferring sound waves anywhere along the pathway through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles). If a conductive hearing loss occurs in conjunction with a sensorineural hearing loss, it is referred to as a mixed hearing loss. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermochelyidae
Dermochelyidae is a family of turtles which has seven extinct genera and one extant genus, including the largest living sea turtles. Classification of known genera The following list of dermochelyid species was published by Hirayama and Tong in 2003, unless otherwise noted. Arabemys crassiscutata †Eosphargis breiner...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl%20fluoride
Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or –(CH2CHF)n– is a polymer material mainly used in the flammability-lowering coatings of airplane interiors and photovoltaic module backsheets. It is also used in raincoats and metal sheeting. Polyvinyl fluoride is a thermoplastic fluoropolymer with a repeating vinyl fluoride unit, and it is s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eqn%20%28software%29
Part of the troff suite of Unix document layout tools, eqn is a preprocessor that formats equations for printing. A similar program, neqn, accepted the same input as eqn, but produced output tuned to look better in nroff. The eqn program was created in 1974 by Brian Kernighan and Lorinda Cherry. It was implemented usi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphragm%20%28acoustics%29
In the field of acoustics, a diaphragm is a transducer intended to inter-convert mechanical vibrations to sounds, or vice versa. It is commonly constructed of a thin membrane or sheet of various materials, suspended at its edges. The varying air pressure of sound waves imparts mechanical vibrations to the diaphragm w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Hadamard%20transform
The pseudo-Hadamard transform is a reversible transformation of a bit string that provides cryptographic diffusion. See Hadamard transform. The bit string must be of even length so that it can be split into two bit strings a and b of equal lengths, each of n bits. To compute the transform for Twofish algorithm, a' an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20design
In combinatorial mathematics, a block design is an incidence structure consisting of a set together with a family of subsets known as blocks, chosen such that frequency of the elements satisfies certain conditions making the collection of blocks exhibit symmetry (balance). Block designs have applications in many areas,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICE%20%28cipher%29
In cryptography, ICE (Information Concealment Engine) is a symmetric-key block cipher published by Kwan in 1997. The algorithm is similar in structure to DES, but with the addition of a key-dependent bit permutation in the round function. The key-dependent bit permutation is implemented efficiently in software. The ICE...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxed%20code-excited%20linear%20prediction
Relaxed code-excited linear prediction (RCELP) is a method used in some advanced speech codecs. The RCELP algorithm does not attempt to match the original signal exactly. Instead, it matches a time-warped version of this original signal that conforms to a simplified pitch contour. References Speech codecs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-frequency%20oscillation
Low-frequency oscillation (LFO) is an electronic frequency that is usually below 20 Hz and creates a rhythmic pulse or sweep. This is used to modulate musical equipment such as synthesizers to create audio effects such as vibrato, tremolo and phasing. History Low-frequency oscillation was introduced with modular synth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterovirus
Enterovirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Enteroviruses are named by their transmission-route through the intestine ('enteric' meaning intestinal). Serologic studies have distinguished 71 human enterovirus serotypes on the basis of antibo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%E2%80%93Minkowski%20controversy
The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. Two equations were first suggested by Hermann Minkowski (1908) and Max Abraham (1909) for this momentum. They predict different values, from which the name of the controversy derives. Experimental support ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviphoton
In theoretical physics and quantum physics, a graviphoton or gravivector is a hypothetical particle which emerges as an excitation of the metric tensor (i.e. gravitational field) in spacetime dimensions higher than four, as described in Kaluza–Klein theory. However, its crucial physical properties are analogous to a (m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviscalar
In theoretical physics, the hypothetical particle called the graviscalar or radion emerges as an excitation of general relativity's metric tensor, i.e. gravitational field, but is indistinguishable from a scalar in four dimensions, as shown in Kaluza–Klein theory. The scalar field comes from a component of the metric ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20Ih
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Ice Ih}} Ice Ih (hexagonal ice crystal) (pronounced: ice one h, also known as ice-phase-one) is the hexagonal crystal form of ordinary ice, or frozen water. Virtually all ice in the biosphere is ice Ih, with the exception only of a small amount of ice Ic that is occasionally present in the upper atmosph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20displacement%20field
In physics, the electric displacement field (denoted by D) or electric induction is a vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations. It accounts for the electromagnetic effects of polarization and that of an electric field, combining the two in an auxiliary field. It plays a major role in topics such as the capacit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-trade%20theorem
In financial economics, the no-trade theorem states that if markets are in a state of efficient equilibrium there are no noise traders or other non-rational interferences with prices the structure by which traders or potential traders acquire information is itself common knowledge then even though some traders may...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC%20oscillator
Linear electronic oscillator circuits, which generate a sinusoidal output signal, are composed of an amplifier and a frequency selective element, a filter. A linear oscillator circuit which uses an RC network, a combination of resistors and capacitors, for its frequency selective part is called an RC oscillator. Des...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skellam%20distribution
The Skellam distribution is the discrete probability distribution of the difference of two statistically independent random variables and each Poisson-distributed with respective expected values and . It is useful in describing the statistics of the difference of two images with simple photon noise, as well as desc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham%20Urban%20Area
The Nottingham Built-up Area (BUA), Nottingham Urban Area, or Greater Nottingham is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics as which is built upon, with nearby areas linked if within 200 metres. It consists of the city of Nottingham and the adjoining urban areas of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20formula
In mathematics, the Poisson formula, named after Siméon Denis Poisson, may refer to: Poisson distribution in probability Poisson summation formula in Fourier analysis Poisson kernel in complex or harmonic analysis Poisson–Jensen formula in complex analysis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picrotoxin
Picrotoxin, also known as cocculin, is a poisonous crystalline plant compound. It was first isolated by the French pharmacist and chemist Pierre François Guillaume Boullay (1777–1869) in 1812. The name "picrotoxin" is a combination of the Greek words "picros" (bitter) and "toxicon" (poison). A mixture of two different ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heine%E2%80%93Cantor%20theorem
In mathematics, the Heine–Cantor theorem, named after Eduard Heine and Georg Cantor, states that if is a continuous function between two metric spaces and , and is compact, then is uniformly continuous. An important special case is that every continuous function from a closed bounded interval to the real numbers is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible%20organic%20light-emitting%20diode
A flexible organic light-emitting diode (FOLED) is a type of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) incorporating a flexible plastic substrate on which the electroluminescent organic semiconductor is deposited. This enables the device to be bent or rolled while still operating. Currently the focus of research in industria...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASR
ASR may refer to: Military Hull classification symbol for submarine rescue ship in some navies U.S. Army Service Ribbon Organizations and publications ASR Nederland, a Dutch insurance company Academy at Swift River Erkilet International Airport, Turkey, IATA code Science Ancestral sequence reconstruction, to in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%E2%80%93Schmidt
In mathematics, Hilbert–Schmidt may refer to a Hilbert–Schmidt operator; a Hilbert–Schmidt integral operator; the Hilbert–Schmidt theorem.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frazil%20ice
Frazil ice is a collection of loose, randomly oriented ice crystals millimeter and sub-millimeter in size, with various shapes, e.g. elliptical disks, dendrites, needles and of an irregular nature. Frazil ice forms during the winter in open-water reaches of rivers as well as in lakes and reservoirs, where and when the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20of%20New%20Caledonia
The biodiversity of New Caledonia is of exceptional biological and paleoecological interest. It is frequently referred to as a biodiversity hotspot. The country is a large South Pacific archipelago with a total land area of more than . The terrain includes a variety of reefs, atolls, small islands, and a variety of top...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-chain
Side-chain, side chain, or sidechain may refer to: Side chain, a chemical group attached to the main chain or backbone of a molecule, such as a protein Substituent, an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon Side-chaining, an effect in digital audio processin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr%E2%80%93Mascheroni%20theorem
In mathematics, the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem states that any geometric construction that can be performed by a compass and straightedge can be performed by a compass alone. It must be understood that "any geometric construction" refers to figures that contain no straight lines, as it is clearly impossible to draw a str...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws%20of%20robotics
Laws of robotics are any set of laws, rules, or principles, which are intended as a fundamental framework to underpin the behavior of robots designed to have a degree of autonomy. Robots of this degree of complexity do not yet exist, but they have been widely anticipated in science fiction, films and are a topic of act...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiboGreen
RiboGreen is a proprietary fluorescent dye that is used in the detection and quantification of nucleic acids, including both RNA and DNA. It is synthesized and marketed by Molecular Probes/Invitrogen (a division of Life Technologies, now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific) of Eugene, Oregon, United States. In its free f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%20valve
Reed valves are a type of check valve which restrict the flow of fluids to a single direction, opening and closing under changing pressure on each face. Modern versions often consist of flexible metal or composite materials (fiberglass or carbon fiber). Applications Traditional Reed valves, normally a leather flap co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20digital%20synthesis
Direct digital synthesis (DDS) is a method employed by frequency synthesizers used for creating arbitrary waveforms from a single, fixed-frequency reference clock. DDS is used in applications such as signal generation, local oscillators in communication systems, function generators, mixers, modulators, sound synthesize...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank%20classification
Tank classification is a taxonomy of identifying either the intended role or weight class of tanks. The classification by role was used primarily during the developmental stage of the national armoured forces, and referred to the doctrinal and force structure utility of the tanks based on design emphasis. The weight cl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonor%20Michaelis
Leonor Michaelis (16 January 1875 – 8 October 1949) was a German biochemist, physical chemist, and physician, known for his work with Maud Menten on enzyme kinetics in 1913, as well as for work on enzyme inhibition, pH and quinones. Early life and education Leonor Michaelis was born in Berlin, Germany, on 16 January 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian%20system
A Hamiltonian system is a dynamical system governed by Hamilton's equations. In physics, this dynamical system describes the evolution of a physical system such as a planetary system or an electron in an electromagnetic field. These systems can be studied in both Hamiltonian mechanics and dynamical systems theory. Ove...