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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumbplay | Thumbplay is a U.S.-based subscription service that allows users to download music, video and games to their cell phones. Users can manage, store and share their mobile content online and on their wireless devices.
Headquartered in New York City, Thumbplay was founded in September 2004 by Are Traasdahl and Evan Schwartz. It is backed by Bain Capital Ventures, SoftBank Capital, i-Hatch Ventures, Redwood Partners, New Enterprise Associates, Meritech, Brookside Capital Partners and Cross Creek Capital.
It was acquired by Clear Channel Radio in March 2011.
Services
Thumbplay's subscription service costs $9.99/month for access to 10 credits that can be redeemed for content in its online store. In addition, there is an advertising-supported community where consumers can upload mobile photos and videos and share these among other members. T-mobile users also filed complaints on third party billing scams. You can be charged for their service just by clicking an advertisement without even downloading their application on their phone.
Their download library contains audio, video and game downloads, including "premium content" licensed from most mainstream media and entertainment companies, as well as independent artists.
Awards & Recognitions
In September 2010, Thumbplay is named Finalist in 2010 Music App Awards.
In June 2010, Thumbplay is named among MEFFY 2010 Finalists.
In 2009, Thumbplay receives New York Ten Award as the Best Emerging CEO 2009.
In 2009, Thumbplay is lis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloenzyme | Alloenzymes (or also called allozymes) are variant forms of an enzyme which differ structurally but not functionally from other allozymes coded for by different alleles at the same locus. These are opposed to isozymes, which are enzymes that perform the same function, but which are coded by genes located at different loci.
Alloenzymes are common biological enzymes that exhibit high levels of functional evolutionary conservation throughout specific phyla and kingdoms. They are used by phylogeneticists as molecular markers to gauge evolutionary histories and relationships between different species. This can be done because allozymes do not have the same structure. They can be separated by capillary electrophoresis. However, some species are monomorphic for many of their allozymes which would make it difficult for phylogeneticists to assess the evolutionary histories of these species. In these instances, phylogeneticists would have to use another method to determine the evolutionary history of a species.
These enzymes generally perform very basic functions found commonly throughout all lifeforms, such as DNA polymerase, the enzyme that repairs and copies DNA. Significant changes in this enzyme reflect significant events in evolutionary history of organisms. As expected DNA polymerase shows relatively small differences in its amino acid sequence between phyla and even kingdoms.
The key to choosing which alloenzyme to use in a comparison between multiple species is to choose on |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%20%28unit%29 | A perm is a unit of permeance or "water vapor transmission" given a certain differential in partial pressures on either side of a material or membrane.
Definitions
U.S. perm
The U.S. perm is defined as 1 grain of water vapor per hour, per square foot, per inch of mercury.
{|
|-
|1 U.S. perm
|= 0.659045 metric perms
|-
|||≈ 57.2135 ng·s−1·m−2·Pa−1
|}
Metric perm
The metric perm (not an SI unit) is defined as 1 gram of water vapor per day, per square meter, per millimeter of mercury.
{|
|-
|1 metric perm
|= 1.51735 US perms
|-
|||≈ 86.8127 ng·s−1·m−2·Pa−1
|}
Equivalent SI unit
The equivalent SI measure is the nanogram per second per square meter per pascal.
{|
|-
|1 ng·s−1·m−2·Pa−1
|≈ 0.0174784 US perms
|-
|||≈ 0.0115191 metric perms
|}
The base normal SI unit for permeance is the kilogram per second per square meter per pascal.
{|
|-
|1 kg·s−1·m−2·Pa−1
|≈ 1.74784x1010 US perms
|-
|||≈ 1.15191x1010 metric perms
|}
German Institute for Standardization unit
A variant of the metric perm is used in DIN Standard 53122, where permeance is also expressed in grams per square meter per day, but at a fixed, "standard" vapor-pressure difference of 17.918 mmHg. This unit is thus 17.918 times smaller than a metric perm, corresponding to about 0.084683 of a U.S. perm.
References
Michon, Gérard P. (April 29, 2003) "Permeability and permeance". Final Answers: Physics of Gases and Fluids. - accessed August 13, 2007
Customary units of measurement in the United States
Units of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisiro%20Maruyama | was a Japanese mathematician, noted for his contributions to the study of stochastic processes. The Euler–Maruyama method for the numerical solution of stochastic differential equations bears his name.
Maruyama was born in 1916 and graduated from Tohoku University, where he studied Fourier analysis and physics. He began his mathematical work with a paper on Fourier analysis in 1939.
He became interested in probability theory through the study of Norbert Wiener's work. He was appointed Assistant professor at the Kyushu University in 1941.
When Kiyosi Itô published his papers on stochastic differential equations in 1942, Maruyama immediately recognized the importance of this work and soon published a series of papers on stochastic differential equations and Markov processes.
Maruyama is known in particular for his 1955 study of the convergence properties of the finite-difference approximations for the numerical solution of stochastic differential equations, now known as the Euler–Maruyama method.
In harmonic analysis, he studied the ergodicity and mixing properties of stationary stochastic processes in terms of their spectral properties.
Maruyama also studied quasi-invariance properties of the Wiener measure, extending previous work by Cameron and Martin to diffusion processes.
References
External links
Gisiro Maruyama / Eugene B. Dynkin Collection of Mathematic Interviews / Cornell University Library
20th-century Japanese mathematicians
Probability theorists
1916 births
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20manifold | In mathematics, a Riemannian manifold is said to be flat if its Riemann curvature tensor is everywhere zero. Intuitively, a flat manifold is one that "locally looks like" Euclidean space in terms of distances and angles, e.g. the interior angles of a triangle add up to 180°.
The universal cover of a complete flat manifold is Euclidean space. This can be used to prove the theorem of
that all compact flat manifolds are finitely covered by tori; the 3-dimensional case was proved earlier by .
Examples
The following manifolds can be endowed with a flat metric. Note that this may not be their 'standard' metric (for example, the flat metric on the 2-dimensional torus is not the metric induced by its usual embedding into ).
Dimension 1
Every one-dimensional Riemannian manifold is flat. Conversely, given that every connected one-dimensional smooth manifold is diffeomorphic to either or it is straightforward to see that every connected one-dimensional Riemannian manifold is isometric to one of the following (each with their standard Riemannian structure):
the real line
the open interval for some number
the open interval
the circle of radius for some number
Only the first and last are complete. If one includes Riemannian manifolds-with-boundary, then the half-open and closed intervals must also be included.
The simplicity of a complete description in this case could be ascribed to the fact that every one-dimensional Riemannian manifold has a smooth unit-length vector |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiheitssatz | In mathematics, the Freiheitssatz (German: "freedom/independence theorem": Freiheit + Satz) is a result in the presentation theory of groups, stating that certain subgroups of a one-relator group are free groups.
Statement
Consider a group presentation
given by generators and a single cyclically reduced relator . If appears in , then (according to the freiheitssatz) the subgroup of generated by is a free group, freely generated by . In other words, the only relations involving are the trivial ones.
History
The result was proposed by the German mathematician Max Dehn and proved by his student, Wilhelm Magnus, in his doctoral thesis. Although Dehn expected Magnus to find a topological proof, Magnus instead found a proof based on mathematical induction and amalgamated products of groups. Different induction-based proofs were given later by and .
Significance
The freiheitssatz has become "the cornerstone of one-relator group theory", and motivated the development of the theory of amalgamated products. It also provides an analogue, in non-commutative group theory, of certain results on vector spaces and other commutative groups.
References
Combinatorial group theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desformylflustrabromine | Desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) is a monomethyltryptamine derivative which was first isolated as a secondary metabolite of the marine bryozoan Flustra foliacea.
Bioactivity
dFBr has been identified as a novel positive allosteric modulator of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with sub-type specificity for heteromeric receptor with no effect on homomeric sub-type. A recent study has been published which describes the synthesis of water-soluble salts of dFBr and its action has been confirmed as selective potentiator of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor responses by using two-electrode voltage clamp whole cell recordings. In the year 2002 it was reported that dFBr was cytotoxic on human colon cancer cell line HCT 116.
Desformylflustrabromine has also been found to be a positive allosteric modulator for the α2β2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Additionally it relieves the inhibition of both α2β2 and α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by β-Amyloid (1–42) Peptide. Thus desformylflustrabromine can potentially be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Many of the analogues and derivatives of dFBr are reported to have a potentiating effect on the α4β2 receptors.
Modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function by desformylflustrabromine has also been found to produce analgesic and anti-allodynic effects in animal models, which could potentially make it of interest for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Anti-addictive and pro-cogn |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson%27s%20joint%20consistency%20theorem | Robinson's joint consistency theorem is an important theorem of mathematical logic. It is related to Craig interpolation and Beth definability.
The classical formulation of Robinson's joint consistency theorem is as follows:
Let and be first-order theories. If and are consistent and the intersection is complete (in the common language of and ), then the union is consistent. A theory is called complete if it decides every formula, meaning that for every sentence the theory contains the sentence or its negation but not both (that is, either or ).
Since the completeness assumption is quite hard to fulfill, there is a variant of the theorem:
Let and be first-order theories. If and are consistent and if there is no formula in the common language of and such that and then the union is consistent.
See also
References
Robinson, Abraham, 'A result on consistency and its application to the theory of definition', Proc. Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, series A, vol 59, pp 47-58.
Mathematical logic
Theorems in the foundations of mathematics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Wolffe | Alan Wolffe (21 June 1959 – 26 May 2001) was an English cell biologist known for his prominent role in establishing that the chromosomal organisation of genes is a dynamic phenomenon determining their expression, cell division and differentiation.
He married Elizabeth and had two children, Max and Katherine.
Wolffe was born on 21 June 1959 in Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. He was successful at biology early on, receiving the Biological Council Prize upon leaving secondary school. He then attended Oxford University, receiving a first class B.A. degree in 1981. He did his PhD under Prof. Jamshed Tata at the National Institute for Medical Research, London. He was awarded an EMBO long-term postdoctoral fellowship in 1984 and moved to the laboratory of Donald D. Brown at the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington in Baltimore. He joined the National Institute of Health in 1987, working firstly with Gary Felsenfeld in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases). In 1990 he was appointed Chief of the newly founded Laboratory of Molecular Embryology (LME). He left NIH and moved to the biotechnology firm Sangamo BioSciences Inc. in Richmond, California, in 2000, as Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer. He was a prolific writer, publishing hundreds of articles, literature reviews and two books. He will be known mainly for his work in promoting the idea that chromatin plays |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotylbarbital | Crotylbarbital (Mepertan, Kalipnon, Barotal), also known as crotarbital, is a barbiturate derivative developed by Eli Lilly in the 1930s. It has sedative and hypnotic effects, and was used for the treatment of insomnia until it was replaced by newer alternative drugs with fewer side effects and lower risk of overdose.
See also
Barbiturate
References
Alkene derivatives
Barbiturates
Hypnotics
Sedatives
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Crotyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Saccharomyces%20cerevisiae%20antibody | Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCAs) are antibodies against antigens presented by the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These antibodies are directed against oligomannose sequences α-1,3 Man (α-1,2 Man α-1,2 Man)n (n = 1 or 2). ASCAs and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCAs) are the two most useful and often discriminating biomarkers for colitis. ASCA tends to recognize Crohn's disease more frequently, whereas pANCA tend to recognize ulcerative colitis.
ASCA antibodies react to a yeast protein with mannans, a 200-kDa glycoprotein.
Diseases
Diseases in which ASCA are found include the following:
Behçet's disease - The association with ASCA is not generally strong, but increased in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Coeliac disease
Colitis
Ulcerative colitis-familial.
Microscopic colitis
Collagenous colitis
Crohn's disease
Intestinal yeast and ASCA positive
Intestinal yeast infections are seen in malabsorptive diseases like coeliac disease. In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis the presence of intestinal S. cerevisiae is rare, but the association with irritable bowel in coeliac disease remains unstudied.
Anti-mannans
Mannan (oligomannan) is a component of the yeast cell wall. Antibodies to yeast mannans are found at increased frequency in Crohn's disease and ASCA positive Crohn's tend to have lower low levels of mannan-binding lectin. Experimentally, antibodies to mannans from yeast can also crossreact to m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro%20Ga%C3%BAcho | Sandro Araújo da Silva (born May 19, 1974, in Restinga Seca, Rio Grande do Sul), known as Sandro Gaúcho, is a former Brazilian football midfielder.
Club career
Club Career Statistics
Last Update 2 May 2010
External links
Soccer Terminal Profile
Living people
1974 births
Brazilian men's footballers
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
C.F. Os Belenenses players
Foolad F.C. players
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20differential%20analyzer%20%28graphics%20algorithm%29 | In computer graphics, a digital differential analyzer (DDA) is hardware or software used for interpolation of variables over an interval between start and end point. DDAs are used for rasterization of lines, triangles and polygons. They can be extended to non linear functions, such as perspective correct texture mapping, quadratic curves, and traversing voxels.
In its simplest implementation for linear cases such as lines, the DDA algorithm interpolates values in interval by computing for each xi the equations xi = xi−1 + 1, yi = yi−1 + m, where m is the slope of the line. This slope can be expressed in DDA as follows:
In fact any two consecutive points lying on this line segment should satisfy the equation.
Performance
The DDA method can be implemented using floating-point or integer arithmetic. The native floating-point implementation requires one addition and one rounding operation per interpolated value (e.g. coordinate x, y, depth, color component etc.) and output result. This process is only efficient when an FPU with fast add and rounding operation will be available.
The fixed-point integer operation requires two additions per output cycle, and in case of fractional part overflow, one additional increment and subtraction. The probability of fractional part overflows is proportional to the ratio m of the interpolated start/end values.
DDAs are well suited for hardware implementation and can be pipelined for maximized throughput.
Algorithm
A linear DDA starts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terodiline | Terodiline is a drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.
It relaxes the smooth muscle and used to reduce bladder tone in treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence. Muscle relaxation caused by terodiline, is probably due to its anticholinergic and calcium antagonist activity.
However, it also blocks IKr (Kv11.1) channels (see hERG gene) so can pose a risk for torsades de pointes. This cardiotoxicity is concentration dependent.
References
Amines
Muscarinic antagonists
Tert-butyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propiverine | Propiverine is an anticholinergic drug used for the treatment of urinary urgency, frequency and urge incontinence, all symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome. It is a muscarinic antagonist. A modified release preparation is also available, taken once daily.
References
Piperidines
Muscarinic antagonists
Ethers
Carboxylate esters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropine | Tropine is a derivative of tropane containing a hydroxyl group at the third carbon. It is also called 3-tropanol. It is a poisonous white hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is a heterocyclic alcohol and an amine.
Tropine is a central building block of many chemicals active in the nervous system, including tropane alkaloids. Some of these compounds, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists are used as medicines because of these effects.
Occurrence
Tropine is a natural product found in the plants of deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and devil's trumpet (Datura stramonium).
Chemistry
Synthesis
It can be prepared by hydrolysis of atropine or other solanaceous alkaloids.
See also
Pseudotropine
Atropine
Tropinone
Tropane alkaloid
References
Tropanes
Secondary alcohols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalermek%20Intanagonwiwat | Chalermek Intanagonwiwat is a computer scientist best known for his work on directed diffusion under the supervision of Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, and John Heidemann. In 2013 he moved to San Jose, California to work at Cisco Systems, Inc.
Intanagonwiwat earned his bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering from King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang in Thailand and pursued his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science at the University of Southern California, USA. He worked as postdoc researcher at Rutgers University, USA. His research interests include computer networks and distributed systems (particularly, large-scale wireless networks of distributed embedded systems, sensor networks, ad hoc networks, cooperative computing, mobile computing, pervasive computing, and ubiquitous computing). From 2003 - 2013, he taught in the Department of Computer Engineering, Chulalongkorn University.
According to Citeseer Research Index , Dr. Intanagonwiwat is among the top 0.73% most cited authors in Computer Science. Microsoft Academic Search has placed him among the 200 most-cited computer scientists in Networks and Communications.
References
External links
Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks" in Proceedings of ACM/IEEE MOBICOM 2000
List of Most Cited Authors in Computer Science
Microsoft Academic Search
Chalermek Intanagonwiwat
Living people
Chalermek Intanagonwiwat
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky%20black | Smoky black or just smoky is a hair coat color of horses which appears dark brown to black in color. Smoky black is produced by the action of a heterozygous (single copy) cream gene on an underlying black coat color. Therefore, smoky black is a member of the cream family of coat color dilutions, and found in horse populations that have other cream-based colors such as palomino, buckskin, perlino, cremello and smoky cream. All smoky blacks must have at least one parent with the cream gene, and a smoky black can only be verified through DNA testing or parentage. Smoky black has been mistaken for faded black, dark bay or brown, grullo or even liver chestnut.
A single copy of the cream gene can have a subtle effect on the color of an otherwise black horse. On average, smoky black horses tend to be slightly lighter in color than black horses. However, this cannot be used to positively identify an individual horse as black or smoky black, as too much variation comes from other sources. An individual black horse may well be a lighter shade than an individual smoky black horse, even if the reverse is more common. Other factors that can influence the shade of black and smoky black horses include sun fading and nutrition.
Two copies of the cream gene on a black base coat produce a smoky cream, a cream-colored horse which is visually difficult to distinguish from a perlino or cremello, but can be identified through DNA testing.
Appearance
Smoky black horses can range from a pure bla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ukasz%20Bro%C5%BA | Łukasz Broź (born 17 December 1985 in Giżycko) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Polish IV liga side Mazovia Mińsk Mazowiecki.
Career statistics
Club
1 All appearances in Ekstraklasa Cup.
2 All appearances in Polish Super Cup.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Widzew Łódź players
Legia Warsaw players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
III liga players
IV liga players
People from Giżycko
Footballers from Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Men's association football defenders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Stone%20theorem | In mathematics, the Banach–Stone theorem is a classical result in the theory of continuous functions on topological spaces, named after the mathematicians Stefan Banach and Marshall Stone.
In brief, the Banach–Stone theorem allows one to recover a compact Hausdorff space X from the Banach space structure of the space C(X) of continuous real- or complex-valued functions on X. If one is allowed to invoke the algebra structure of C(X) this is easy – we can identify X with the spectrum of C(X), the set of algebra homomorphisms into the scalar field, equipped with the weak*-topology inherited from the dual space C(X)*. The Banach-Stone theorem avoids reference to multiplicative structure by recovering X from the extreme points of the unit ball of C(X)*.
Statement
For a compact Hausdorff space X, let C(X) denote the Banach space of continuous real- or complex-valued functions on X, equipped with the supremum norm ‖·‖∞.
Given compact Hausdorff spaces X and Y, suppose T : C(X) → C(Y) is a surjective linear isometry. Then there exists a homeomorphism φ : Y → X and a function g ∈ C(Y) with
such that
The case where X and Y are compact metric spaces is due to Banach, while the extension to compact Hausdorff spaces is due to Stone. In fact, they both prove a slight generalization—they do not assume that T is linear, only that it is an isometry in the sense of metric spaces, and use the Mazur–Ulam theorem to show that T is affine, and so is a linear isometry.
Generalizations
The Ban |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipliers%20and%20centralizers%20%28Banach%20spaces%29 | In mathematics, multipliers and centralizers are algebraic objects in the study of Banach spaces. They are used, for example, in generalizations of the Banach–Stone theorem.
Definitions
Let (X, ‖·‖) be a Banach space over a field K (either the real or complex numbers), and let Ext(X) be the set of extreme points of the closed unit ball of the continuous dual space X∗.
A continuous linear operator T : X → X is said to be a multiplier if every point p in Ext(X) is an eigenvector for the adjoint operator T∗ : X∗ → X∗. That is, there exists a function aT : Ext(X) → K such that
making the eigenvalue corresponding to p. Given two multipliers S and T on X, S is said to be an adjoint for T if
i.e. aS agrees with aT in the real case, and with the complex conjugate of aT in the complex case.
The centralizer (or commutant) of X, denoted Z(X), is the set of all multipliers on X for which an adjoint exists.
Properties
The multiplier adjoint of a multiplier T, if it exists, is unique; the unique adjoint of T is denoted T∗.
If the field K is the real numbers, then every multiplier on X lies in the centralizer of X.
See also
Centralizer and normalizer
References
Banach spaces
Operator theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioecology | Radioecology is the branch of ecology concerning the presence of radioactivity in Earth’s ecosystems. Investigations in radioecology include field sampling, experimental field and laboratory procedures, and the development of environmentally predictive simulation models in an attempt to understand the migration methods of radioactive material throughout the environment.
The practice consists of techniques from the general sciences of physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, and ecology, coupled with applications in radiation protection. Radioecological studies provide the necessary data for dose estimation and risk assessment regarding radioactive pollution and its effects on human and environmental health.
Radioecologists detect and evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation and radionuclides on ecosystems, and then assess their risks and dangers. Interest and studies in the area of radioecology significantly increased in order to ascertain and manage the risks involved as a result of the Chernobyl disaster. Radioecology arose in line with increasing nuclear activities, particularly following the Second World War in response to nuclear atomic weapons testing and the use of nuclear reactors to produce electricity.
History
Artificial radioactive affliction to Earth’s environment began with nuclear weapon testing during World War II, but did not become a prominent topic of public discussion until the 1980s. The Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (JER) was the first co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brule%2C%20Alberta | Brule is a hamlet in west-central Alberta, Canada within Yellowhead County. It is located on the northwest shore of Brûlé Lake, approximately west of Hinton. It has an elevation of .
Statistics Canada recognizes Brule as a designated place.
The hamlet is located in Census Division No. 14 and in the federal riding of Yellowhead.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Brule had a population of 127 living in 53 of its 57 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 74. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Brule had a population of 31 living in 14 of its 19 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 76. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Climate
Brule has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc).
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of designated places in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
Designated places in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta
Yellowhead County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiruria | Subclass Spiruria comprises mostly parasitic secernentean nematodes. In an alternate classification, they are treated as suborder Spirurina, with the orders listed here being ranked as infraorders.
Spiruria contain divirese group of worms that inhabit soil, water, and other bodies of organism. The subclass of Spiruria has a specialized structure called stoma, which ingests fluid from its host's tissue.
The Ascaridida and the Oxyurida, which include worms that infect many mammals (including marine mammals), are sometimes placed in subclass Rhabditia. But that seems as spurious as the erstwhile placement of the Rhigonematida in subclass Tylenchia. The Camallanida and Drilonematida are sometimes included in the Spirurida as suborder and superfamily, respectively.
There is a lot of ongoing debate about the taxonomy of Spiruria. Some place the subclass Ascaridia and Oxyurida within Rhabditia subclass.
Some important species
Giant roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), causes ascariasis in humans
Toxocara canis, parasite of dogs
Anisakis, responsible for the human disease Anisakiasis
Footnotes
References
(2002): Nematoda. Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-NOV-02.
Bowman, D. D. (2014). Georgis' parasitology for veterinarians. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Hawdon, J. M., & Schad, G. A. (1990). Trichinella and trichinosis. Oxford University Press.
Parasitic nematodes of mammals
Protostome subclasses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation%20Act%201987 | The Conservation Act 1987 is New Zealand's principal act concerning the conservation of indigenous biodiversity. The Act established the Department of Conservation (who administer the Act) and Fish and Game, and complements the National Parks Act 1980 and the Reserves Act 1977.
The Conservation Act and the management strategies (CMS) and plans (CMPs) that are created under it have the overriding principle of "protection". This is contrasted with the overriding principle of New Zealand's most important planning statute, the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA), which is "sustainable management" (s5, Resource Management Act 1991). Whilst there is often overlap between the RMA and the Conservation Act, the principle of protection has primacy over that of sustainable management.
The Conservation Act also sets up a hierarchy of consideration of activities occurring on public conservation land under s6(e):
"to the extent that the use of any natural or historic resource for recreation or tourism is not inconsistent with its conservation, to foster the use of natural and historic resources for recreation, and to allow their use for tourism"
This hierarchy places the greatest weight on intrinsic value, followed by non-commercial recreation, and then by tourism. An important role in conservation advocacy in New Zealand is ensuring that these three separate considerations are maintained, rather than blurred.
National Parks retain a separate Act of Parliament, which sets up a simil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperprolinemia | Hyperprolinemia is a condition which occurs when the amino acid proline is not broken down properly by the enzymes proline oxidase or pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, causing a buildup of proline in the body.
Genetics
Mutations in the ALDH4A1 and PRODH genes cause hyperprolinemia.
Hyperprolinemia type I is caused by a mutation in the PRODH gene, which codes for the enzyme proline oxidase. This enzyme begins the process of degrading proline by starting the reaction that converts it to pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
Hyperprolinemia type II is caused by a mutation in the ALDH4A1 gene, for the enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. This enzyme helps to break down the pyrroline-5-carboxylate produced in the previous reaction, converting it to the amino acid glutamate. The conversion between proline and glutamine, and the reverse reaction controlled by different enzymes, are important factors required to maintain proper metabolism and protein production.
A deficiency of either proline oxidase or pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase results in a buildup of proline in the body. A deficiency of the latter enzyme leads to higher levels of proline and a buildup of the intermediate breakdown product pyrroline-5-carboxylate, causing the signs and symptoms of hyperprolinemia type II.Hyperprolinemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means two copies of the gene in each cell are altered. Most often, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%20large | At large may refer to:
At Large (album), a 1959 album by The Kingston Trio
At large (fugitive), a classification for a fugitive on the run
At-large, a political system where officials are elected to represent the entire governed region, rather than on a district basis
At-large bid, a sports term for a bid or berth granted by invitation
Editor-at-large, a journalism job title |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funariidae | The Funariidae are a widespread group of mosses in class Bryopsida. The majority of species belong to the genera Funaria (c. 200 species) and Physcomitrium (c. 80 species).
Classification
The Funariidae include three monotypic orders, with around 350 species, most of which belong either to the genus Funaria or Physcomitrium.
Order Encalyptales
Family Encalyptaceae (2 genera, 35 species)
Order Funariales
Family Funariaceae (14 genera, ca. 300 species)
Order Disceliales
Family Disceliaceae (1 species Discelium nudum)
Description
Species in the subclass Funariidae typically live on or near the ground. Their stems typically have a central strand differentiated from the surrounding cells. The peristome teeth of their sporangia are arthrodontous, diplolepidous, and opposite.
They are acrocarpous, producing their archegonia at the upper tips of the stem, and hence sporophyte stalks arise from the tip of the stem as well. The capsule of the order Funariales has a well-defined ring of cells called an annulus. When these cells die, their walls rupture, allowing the sporangium lid to fall off, and revealing the peristome. In the other two orders, the annulus is not differentiated. In the Gigaspermales, the capsule is not raised above the plant on a stalk, but remains hidden from view among the leaves. In the Encalyptales, the capsule is jacketed inside the calyptra long after it is raised above the plant, giving the appearance of a tiny mushroom.
Gallery
References
Plant |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcos%20de%20Cristal | Barcos de Cristal (Spanish for "Crystal Ships") is the title of the fifth studio album by singer-songwriter & producer Thomas Anders. It is his first solo album to be sung in Spanish. It was released in 1994 in the United States for Latin America, and was produced by Ralf Stemmann and Christian De Walden (Marta Sánchez). Some tracks were co-written by Thomas Anders aka Chris Copperfield. A title track was used for the Argentine TV-series and reached No.1 in Argentina. Tu Chica Es Mi Chica was recorded as a duet with Glenn Medeiros. Una Mañana De Sol is a cover in Spanish on When Will I See You Again by The Three Degrees. Luna De Plata was covered by Kiara in 1995.
Track listing
"Tonterias" (Chris Copperfield, Ralf Stemmann, Mike Shepstone, Carlos Toro) – 3:43
"Luna De Plata" (Steve Singer, Lisa Catherine Cohen, Aides Hidding, Carlos Toro) – 4:01
"Miedo De Ti" (Chris Copperfield, Margaret Harris, Ralf Stemmann, Carlos Toro) – 3:38
"Tu Chica Es Mi Chica" (Duo Con Glenn Medeiros) (Rick Lane, Lee York, Mike Shepstone, Carlos Toro) – 4:05
"Barcos De Cristal" (Steve Singer/Mike Shepstone, Carlos Toro) – 3:55
"Una Mañana De Sol" (Kenneth Gamble, Leon Huff, Carlos Toro) – 3:26
"Para Sonia" (Chris Copperfield, Mike Shepstone, Carlos Toro) – 4:02
"Con Palabras" (Chris Copperfield, Ralf Stemmann, Mike Shepstone, Carlos Toro) – 3:59
"Sueños" (Lisa Catherine Cohen/Romano Musumarra, Carlos Toro) – 4:00
"Mi Chica Prohibida" (Max Di Carlo, Margaret Harris, Christian De Walden, R |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylylation | Adenylylation, more commonly known as AMPylation, is a process in which an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to the amino acid side chain of a protein. This covalent addition of AMP to a hydroxyl side chain of the protein is a post-translational modification. Adenylylation involves a phosphodiester bond between a hydroxyl group of the molecule undergoing adenylylation, and the phosphate group of the adenosine monophosphate nucleotide (i.e. adenylic acid). Enzymes that are capable of catalyzing this process are called AMPylators.
The known amino acids to be targeted in the protein are tyrosine and threonine, and sometimes serine. When charges on a protein undergo a change, it affects the characteristics of the protein, normally by altering its shape via interactions of the amino acids which make up the protein. AMPylation can have various effects on the protein. These are properties of the protein like, stability, enzymatic activity, co-factor binding, and many other functional capabilities of a protein. Another function of adenylylation is amino acids activation, which is catalyzed by tRNA aminoacyl synthetase. The most commonly identified protein to receive AMPylation are GTPases, and glutamine synthetase.
Adenylylators
Enzymes responsible for AMPylation, called AMPylators or Adenylyltransferase, fall into two different families, all depending on their structural properties and mechanism used. AMPylator is created by two catalytic homologous hal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchior%20system | The Melchior system, "a reference in all taxonomic courses", is a classification system detailing the taxonomic system of the Angiospermae according to A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1964), also known as "modified or updated" Engler system.
The collaborators in orders (and some families) were the following:
Hans Melchior in Casuarinales, Juglandales, Balanopales, Leitneriales, Salicales, Fagales, Urticales, Didiereaceae, Piperales, Aristolochiales, Guttiferales, Sarraceniales, Papaverales, Hydrostachyales, Podostemonales, Julianiales, Violales, Cucurbitales, Myrtiflorae, Umbelliflorae, Primulales, Tubiflorae, Plantaginales, Liliiflorae p. p., Spathiflorae and Microspermae.
G. Buchheim in Proteales, Cactales, Magnoliales and Ranunculales.
W. Schultze-Motel in Santalales, Balanophorales, Medusandrales, Rhamnales, Malvales, Diapensiales, Ericales and Cyperales.
Th. Eckardt in Polygonales, Centrospermae, Batales, Plumbaginales, Helobiae, Triuridales and Pandanales.
G. K. Schultze-Menz in Rosales.
H. Scholz in Geraniales, Rutales, Sapindales and Celastrales.
G. Wagenitz in Thymelaeales, Ebenales, Oleales, Gentianales, Dipsacales and Campanulales.
U. Hamann in Cyanastraceae, Pontederiaceae, Philydraceae, Juncales, Bromeliales and Commelinales.
E. Potztal in Graminales, Principes, Synanthae and Scitamineae.
Angiospermae
classis Monocotyledoneae
ordo Helobiae
subordo Alismatineae
Alismataceae
Butomaceae
subordo Hydrocharitineae
Hydrocharitaceae
subordo Scheuc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntrophin | The syntrophins are a family of five 60-kiloDalton proteins that are associated with dystrophin, the protein associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy. The name comes from the Greek word syntrophos, meaning "companion." The five syntrophins are encoded by separate genes and are termed α, β1, β2, γ1, and γ2. Syntrophin was first identified as a dystrophin-associated protein present in the Torpedo electric organ (originally called "58K protein"). Subsequently, α-syntrophin was shown to be the predominant isoform in skeletal muscle where it is localized on the sarcolemma and enriched at the neuromuscular junction. The β-syntrophins and γ2-syntrophin are also present in skeletal muscle but also are in most other tissues. The expression of γ1-syntrophin is mostly confined to brain. The syntrophins are adaptor proteins that use their multiple protein interaction domains (two pleckstrin homology domains and a PDZ domain) to localize a variety of signaling proteins (kinases, ion channels, water channels, nitric oxide synthase) to specific intracellular locations. α-Syntrophin binds to nNOS in the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex in skeletal muscle cells. There it produces NO upon muscle contraction leading to dilation of the arteries in the local area.
References
External links
Protein families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Manchester%20United%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester. The club was founded as Newton Heath LYR F.C. in 1878 and turned professional in 1885, before joining the Football League in 1892. After a brush with bankruptcy in 1901, the club reformed as Manchester United in 1902. Manchester United currently play in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. They have not been out of the top tier since 1975, and they have never been lower than the second tier. They have also been involved in European football ever since they became the first English club to enter the European Cup in 1956.
This list encompasses the major honours won by Manchester United and records set by the club, their managers and their players. The player records section includes details of the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions. It also records notable achievements by Manchester United players on the international stage, and the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club. The club's attendance records, both at Old Trafford, their home since 1910, and Maine Road, their temporary home from 1946 to 1949, are also included in the list.
The club currently holds the record for the most Premier League titles with 13, and the highest number of English top-flight titles with 20. The club's record appearance maker is Ryan Giggs, who made 963 appearances between 1991 and 2014, and the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feit%E2%80%93Thompson | Feit–Thompson may refer to:
Feit–Thompson conjecture
Feit–Thompson theorem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon%27s%20noodle | In geometric probability, the problem of Buffon's noodle is a variation on the well-known problem of Buffon's needle, named after Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon who lived in the 18th century. This approach to the problem was published by Joseph-Émile Barbier in 1860.
Buffon's needle
Suppose there exist infinitely many equally spaced parallel lines, and we were to randomly toss a needle whose length is less than or equal to the distance between adjacent lines. What is the probability that the needle will lie across a line upon landing?
To solve this problem, let be the length of the needle and be the distance between two adjacent lines. Then, let be the acute angle the needle makes with the horizontal, and let be the distance from the center of the needle to the nearest line.
The needle lies across the nearest line if and only if . We see this condition from the right triangle formed by the needle, the nearest line, and the line of length when the needle lies across the nearest line.
Now, we assume that the values of are randomly determined when they land, where , since , and . The sample space for is thus a rectangle of side lengths and .
The probability of the event that the needle lies across the nearest line is the fraction of the sample space that intersects with . Since , the area of this intersection is given by
Now, the area of the sample space is
Hence, the probability of the event is
Bending the needle
The formula stays the same even |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma%20constant | Sigma constant (σ constant) may refer to:
Yamabe invariant, in mathematics
a parameter of the Hammett equation in organic chemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqis%20in%20Lebanon | Iraqis in Lebanon are people of Iraqi origin residing in Lebanon and Lebanese citizens of Iraqi ancestry. Statistics for Iraqi refugees in Lebanon vary, but typically put the number at around 50,000.
History
Iraqis have been present in Lebanon for decades. However, the first real influx of a large number of Iraqis to Lebanon started in earnest in the 1990s, with Iraqis fleeing Saddam Hussein's regime as well as the hardships of international sanctions. Most of the Iraqis during this period were Shia, fleeing Saddam's regime, or Christians, seeking exile in an Arab country with a significant local Christian population. Human Rights Watch puts the pre-2003 number of Iraqis in Lebanon at about 10,000.
Recent migration
After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the first wave of Iraqi refugees fleeing the war began. By the middle of 2005, the number of Iraqis in Lebanon had doubled from the pre-Iraq War figure to 20,000. This number more than doubled with the second wave of Iraqi refugees fleeing the country after the February 2006 bombing of al-Askari Mosque in Samarra. By 2007 the numbers of Iraqis in Lebanon increases to between 26,000 and 100,000, but usually set at 50,000 by international agencies. Reliable and irrefutable statistics are difficult to come by with the majority of refugees in legal limbo. Variations in statistics as well as many of the issues that Iraqi refugees in Lebanon face are also linked to the 'invisible' nature of urban refugees.
Of the 8,090 Iraqi refugees |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20O%27Grady | Jeremy O'Grady is a British media entrepreneur educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and Cornell University. A former senior examiner at the British Board of Film Classification, he was the founding editor of The Week news digest magazine, and one of its original owners. He is now the magazine's editor-in-chief. In 2002 he set up the London debating forum Intelligence Squared with media entrepreneur John Gordon.
References
British magazine editors
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Cornell University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahador%20Abdi | Bahador Abdi (, born on 1 May 1984 in Tehran) is an Iranian football midfielder who currently plays for Aluminium Arak in the Azadegan League.
Club career
Club Career Statistics
Last Update 7 August 2014
Assist Goals
International career
He started his international career under head coach Afshin Ghotbi in November 2010 against Nigeria.
Honours
Iran's Premier Football League Winner: 1
2007–08 with Persepolis
References
Iranian men's footballers
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Azadegan League players
Persepolis F.C. players
Shahin Bushehr F.C. players
Footballers from Tehran
1984 births
Living people
Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Persepolis F.C. non-playing staff |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio | Maurizio is an Italian masculine given name, derived from the Roman name Mauritius. Mauritius is a derivative of Maurus, meaning dark-skinned, Moorish.
List of people with the given name Maurizio
Art and music
Maurizio Arcieri (born 1945), singer
Maurizio Bianchi (born 1955), pioneer of noise music
Maurizio Cattelan (born 1960), artist
Maurizio Cazzati (1616–1678), composer
Maurizio Colasanti (born 1966), conductor
Maurizio De Jorio, italo disco and Eurobeat musician
Maurizio Lobina (born 1973), keyboardist
Maurizio Pollini (born 1942), classical pianist
Maurizio, minimal techno production duo
Maurizio Iacono (born 1975), singer for Death Metal band Kataklysm
Film, television, and media
Maurizio Costanzo (born 1938), television personality
Maurizio De Santis, film producer
Maurizio Giuliano (born 1975), writer and journalist
Maurizio Merli (1940–1989), film actor
Maurizio Nichetti (born 1948), film screenwriter, actor and director
Maurizio Romano (1966–2003), voice actor
Maurizio Silvi, Italian make-up artist
Military and politics
Maurizio Bevilacqua (born 1960), Canadian politician
Maurizio Cheli (born 1959), air force officer and ESA astronaut
Maurizio Cocciolone (born 1960), Italian Air Force officer who served with UN Coalition forces
Maurizio Galbaio (died 787), seventh traditional and fifth historical Doge of Venice
Maurizio Gasparri (born 1956), politician
Maurizio Giglio (1920-1944), Italian soldier, policeman and secret agent for the Allie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang%20Lu | Hang Lu (born 1977) is the "Love Family" Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. She directs a research group on the use of microfluidics devices engineered to aid in the study of questions in the biological sciences.
Lu was born in China in 1977 and moved to Colorado at age 22.
Dr. Lu has published a number of papers on the use of such micrometer-scale devices for use in a variety of applications such as the study of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans (a model organism for many neurobiologists) and for assaying the adhesive behavior of cells.
In 2005, she was named to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
References
External links
Official website
1977 births
Living people
People's Republic of China emigrants to the United States
Georgia Tech faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular%20integral | In mathematics, singular integrals are central to harmonic analysis and are intimately connected with the study of partial differential equations. Broadly speaking a singular integral is an integral operator
whose kernel function K : Rn×Rn → R is singular along the diagonal x = y. Specifically, the singularity is such that |K(x, y)| is of size |x − y|−n asymptotically as |x − y| → 0. Since such integrals may not in general be absolutely integrable, a rigorous definition must define them as the limit of the integral over |y − x| > ε as ε → 0, but in practice this is a technicality. Usually further assumptions are required to obtain results such as their boundedness on Lp(Rn).
The Hilbert transform
The archetypal singular integral operator is the Hilbert transform H. It is given by convolution against the kernel K(x) = 1/(πx) for x in R. More precisely,
The most straightforward higher dimension analogues of these are the Riesz transforms, which replace K(x) = 1/x with
where i = 1, ..., n and is the i-th component of x in Rn. All of these operators are bounded on Lp and satisfy weak-type (1, 1) estimates.
Singular integrals of convolution type
A singular integral of convolution type is an operator T defined by convolution with a kernel K that is locally integrable on Rn\{0}, in the sense that
Suppose that the kernel satisfies:
The size condition on the Fourier transform of K
The smoothness condition: for some C > 0,
Then it can be shown that T is bounded |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis%20Allart | Alexis Allart (born 7 August 1986) is a French footballer who plays as a forward for USL Dunkerque of the Championnat National.
Career statistics
References
External links
France Football
Transfers Thai Premier League 2015-16, thai-fussball.com
1986 births
Living people
People from Charleville-Mézières
Footballers from Ardennes (department)
French men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
AS Monaco FC players
Louhans-Cuiseaux FC players
R.E. Mouscron players
CS Sedan Ardennes players
US Boulogne players
LB Châteauroux players
FC Istres players
CA Bastia players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National players
Belgian Pro League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
French expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace%20principle%20%28large%20deviations%20theory%29 | In mathematics, Laplace's principle is a basic theorem in large deviations theory which is similar to Varadhan's lemma. It gives an asymptotic expression for the Lebesgue integral of exp(−θφ(x)) over a fixed set A as θ becomes large. Such expressions can be used, for example, in statistical mechanics to determining the limiting behaviour of a system as the temperature tends to absolute zero.
Statement of the result
Let A be a Lebesgue-measurable subset of d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd and let φ : Rd → R be a measurable function with
Then
where ess inf denotes the essential infimum. Heuristically, this may be read as saying that for large θ,
Application
The Laplace principle can be applied to the family of probability measures Pθ given by
to give an asymptotic expression for the probability of some event A as θ becomes large. For example, if X is a standard normally distributed random variable on R, then
for every measurable set A.
See also
Laplace's method
References
Asymptotic analysis
Large deviations theory
Probability theorems
Statistical mechanics
Mathematical principles
Theorems in analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Reed%20%28comedian%29 | Donald Gene Reed (born November 23, 1959) is an American actor, writer, producer, director and comedian.
Early life
Reed grew up in Oakland, California, and attended Fremont High School. Additionally he attended Chabot Junior College in Hayward, California, before being recruited to UCLA for intercollegiate speech and debate competition, where he became a national champion in competitive events: Speech to Entertain, Poetry and Dramatic readings.
Career
In the fall of 1988, Don Reed was performing stand-up comedy at NACA and impressed comedian Sinbad so much he helped Reed get signed for two episodes of a television spin-off of The Cosby Show, titled A Different World, on which he played "Chip St. Charles", whom Denise Huxtable had a crush on. This was Reed's television debut; he left the show in 1989.
After A Different World, Reed was cast as "Fingers" in a film called Dance to Win, which was released on December 1, 1989, in the United States. Reed also appeared on the HBO television program Dream On in 1990, then he appeared on Robert Townsend's ventures: an HBO television special Robert Townsend and His Partners in Crime (1991) and The Meteor Man (1993) as a drug worker.
Impressions
Sherman Hemsley (as George Jefferson from The Jeffersons)
Mario Lopez
Todd Bridges
Ernest Lee Thomas
Michael Jordan
Chris Rock
Bill Cosby
Richard Pryor
David Alan Grier
Sean "Diddy" Combs
Bobby Brown
Michael Jackson
Mike Tyson
Luther Vandross
Reed was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise%20information%20access | Enterprise information access refers to information systems that allow for enterprise search; content classification; content clustering; information extraction; enterprise bookmarking; taxonomy creation and management; information presentation (for example, visualization) to support analysis and understanding; and desktop or personal knowledge search.
See also
Enterprise content management
Intranet
References
Gartner Forecast: Information Access and Search Technology in the Enterprise, 2006–2010. (17 February 2006). By Tom Eid, Gartner. Pages:6
Information systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GYRO | GYRO is a computational plasma physics code developed and maintained at General Atomics. It solves the 5-D coupled gyrokinetic-Maxwell equations using a combination of finite difference, finite element and spectral methods. Given plasma equilibrium data, GYRO can determine the rate of turbulent transport of particles, momentum and energy.
See also
List of plasma (physics) articles
External links
GYRO Homepage at General Atomics
Computational physics
Physics software
Plasma physics
Tokamaks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTJH | WTJH was an AM broadcasting station licensed to the city of East Point, Georgia, United States, broadcasting on the frequency of 1260 kHz with 5,000 Watts of power during daytime hours, and only 39 Watts of power during nighttime hours with a non-directional antenna pattern. The station served the Atlanta radio market. WTJH's programming consisted of Gospel Music and Christian religious programs.
WTJH was owned by (Bishop) Levi E. Willis Sr. through Willis Broadcasting Company with license holder Christian Broadcasting of East Point, Inc. In 2004, WTJH's owner Levi E. Willis Sr. and Willis Broadcasting had been in violation of a number of technical and public safety rules enforced by the Federal Communications Commission. The dispute was eventually settled in 2004 through sale of property held by the company.
In December 2009 and again in March 2010, the station filed letters and applications to the Federal Communications Commission for the station to go silent. The FCC approved the request but the station was required to come back on the air by November 30, 2010, or the broadcast license would be revoked. On July 24, 2014, the FCC notified the owners that the station's license was deemed to be expired as of November 29, 2010, due to the station being remaining silent for well in excess of twelve months.
References
External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWTJH (Facility ID: 72814)
FCC History Cards for WTJH (covering 1948-1979 as WLNX / WTJH)
TJH
Radio stations estab |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum%20sickness | Serum sickness in humans is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from a non-human animal source, occurring 5–10 days after exposure. Symptoms often include a rash, joint pain, fever, and lymphadenopathy. It is a type of hypersensitivity, specifically immune complex hypersensitivity (type III). The term serum sickness–like reaction (SSLR) is occasionally used to refer to similar illnesses that arise from the introduction of certain non-protein substances, such as penicillin.
Serum sickness may be diagnosed based on the symptoms, and using a blood test and a urine test. It may be prevented by not using an antitoxin derived from animal serum, and through prophylactic antihistamines or corticosteroids. It usually resolves naturally, but may be treated with corticosteroids, antihistamines, analgesics, and (in severe cases) prednisone. It was first characterized in 1906.
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms can take as long as 14 days after exposure to appear. They may include signs and symptoms commonly associated with hypersensitivity or infections. Common symptoms include:
rashes and redness.
itching and urticaria.
joint pain (arthralgia), especially in finger and toe joints.
fever, usually appears before rash. This may be as high as 40 °C (104 °F).
lymphadenopathy (swelling of lymph nodes), particularly near the site of injection.
malaise.
Other symptoms include glomerulonephritis, blood in the urine, splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), hypotension (decreased blood |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtek | Holtek Semiconductor () is a Taiwan-based semiconductor design centre and provider with its headquarters and design operations based in the Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan, and has sales offices located the United States and India. Holtek's design focus is in both 32-bit and 8-bit along with Touch microcontroller development, and as of 2022 the firm employed 631 employees. Holtek also designs and provides peripheral semiconductor products such as remote control, telecommunication, power management, computer peripheral, and memory devices. Holtek's device application area is concentrated in the consumer product field such as household appliances, computer peripheral products, remote controllers, leisure products, medical equipment as well as industrial controllers. Holtek microcontrollers are in home appliances including brands such as Philips, Siemens, Märklin and Japanese brands such as Futaba and Sony.
History
Holtek Semiconductor was established as a design house in Taipei in 1983. From the design of remote control, telecom and voice/music devices, the company moved into microcontroller design.
In 1988 the company moved to the Hsinchu Science Park under the name of Holtek Microelectronics and began also its combined manufacturing and design operations.
In 1998 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. became a pure design house with its device manufacturing contracted out. The decision to move out of manufacturing and focus on only design reflected many similar companies.
Products
H |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIFAC | In statistical thermodynamics, the UNIFAC method (UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients) is a semi-empirical system for the prediction of non-electrolyte activity in non-ideal mixtures. UNIFAC uses the functional groups present on the molecules that make up the liquid mixture to calculate activity coefficients. By using interactions for each of the functional groups present on the molecules, as well as some binary interaction coefficients, the activity of each of the solutions can be calculated. This information can be used to obtain information on liquid equilibria, which is useful in many thermodynamic calculations, such as chemical reactor design, and distillation calculations.
The UNIFAC model was first published in 1975 by Fredenslund, Jones and John Prausnitz, a group of chemical engineering researchers from the University of California. Subsequently they and other authors have published a wide range of UNIFAC papers, extending the capabilities of the model; this has been by the development of new or revision of existing UNIFAC model parameters. UNIFAC is an attempt by these researchers to provide a flexible liquid equilibria model for wider use in chemistry, the chemical and process engineering disciplines.
Introduction
A particular problem in the area of liquid-state thermodynamics is the sourcing of reliable thermodynamic constants. These constants are necessary for the successful prediction of the free energy state of the system; without this informati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hennessy%E2%80%93Milner%20logic | In computer science, Hennessy–Milner logic (HML) is a dynamic logic used to specify properties of a labeled transition system (LTS), a structure similar to an automaton. It was introduced in 1980 by Matthew Hennessy and Robin Milner in their paper "On observing nondeterminism and concurrency" (ICALP).
Another variant of the HML involves the use of recursion to extend the expressibility of the logic, and is commonly referred to as 'Hennessy-Milner Logic with recursion'. Recursion is enabled with the use of maximum and minimum fixed points.
Syntax
A formula is defined by the following BNF grammar for Act some set of actions:
That is, a formula can be
constant truth always true
constant false always false
formula conjunction
formula disjunction
formula for all Act-derivatives, Φ must hold
formula for some Act-derivative, Φ must hold
Formal semantics
Let be a labeled transition system, and let
be the set of HML formulae. The satisfiability
relation relates states of the LTS
to the formulae they satisfy, and is defined as the smallest relation such that, for all states
and formulae ,
,
there is no state for which ,
if there exists a state such that and , then ,
if for all such that it holds that , then ,
if , then ,
if , then ,
if and , then .
See also
The modal μ-calculus, which extends HML with fixed point operators
Dynamic logic, a multimodal logic with infinitely many modalities
References
Sources
Sören Holmström. 1988. "Hennes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halcyon%2023 | The Halcyon 23 is a British trailerable sailing boat that was designed by Alan Buchanan as a cruiser and first built in 1967.
The Halcyon 23 is a development of the Buchanan designed 1961 Crystal 23.
Production
The design was built by Offshore Yachts Limited in the United Kingdom, from 1967 until 1975, with 1,000 boats built, but it is now out of production. Boats were supplied both complete and as kits for home completion.
Design
The Halcyon 23 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, an angled transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel with a weighted bulb or optional triple keels with steel plate side fins. It displaces and carries of iron ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the fin keel and with the triple keels.
The boat was factory-fitted with a number of powerplants for docking and manoeuvring, including the British Stuart-Turner petrol engine. The fuel tank holds and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .
The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee berths in the main cabin. The galley is located on both sides of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove and a sink. The head is located on the starboard side under the bow cabin "V"-berth. Cabin headroom is .
The design has a hull speed of .
Operational history
In a 1970 review in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelch%20protein | Kelch proteins (and Kelch-like proteins) are a widespread group of proteins that contain multiple Kelch motifs. The kelch domain generally occurs as a set of five to seven kelch tandem repeats that form a β-propeller tertiary structure. Kelch-repeat β-propellers are generally involved in protein–protein interactions, though the large diversity of domain architectures and limited sequence identity between kelch motifs make characterisation of the kelch superfamily difficult.
Structure
The N-terminus of several Kelch proteins contain other protein domains, including Discoidin, F-box, and Broad-complex, Tramtrack, Bric-a-Brac/Poxvirus Zinc finger (BTB/POZ) domains. Kelch proteins may also only have a β-propeller architecture. The BTB domain of kelch proteins (if present) allows the formation of homo- or heterodimers that mediate protein–protein interactions.
The C-terminus of Kelch proteins contains kelch repeats. Each kelch repeat is a sequence of 44–55 amino acids in length, usually occurring in clusters of 4 – 7 repeats.
Each kelch repeat forms a "blade" of the β-propeller fold, consisting of a four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet secondary structure, arranged radially around a central axis, packed onto its adjoining repeats via hydrophobic contacts.
Kelch-repeat β-propellers undergo a variety of binding interactions with other proteins, notably the actin filaments of a cell.
Function
Kelch-like proteins are known to act as substrate adaptors for Cullin 3 ubiquitin ligas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem%20Marketplace | Ecosystem Marketplace, an initiative of Forest Trends, is a non-profit organization based in Washington, DC, that focuses on increasing transparency and providing information for ecosystem services and payment schemes.
The idea of launching Ecosystem Marketplace was borne out of meeting by members of The Katoomba Group, an international working group composed of leading experts from forest and energy industries, research institutions, the financial world, and environmental NGOs dedicated to advancing markets for some of the ecosystem services provided by forests – such as watershed protection, biodiversity habitat, and carbon capture and storage. Both Ecosystem Marketplace and The Katoomba Group are initiatives under Forest Trends. Ecosystem Marketplace specializes in market-based approaches to environmental protection—in the public and private spheres—regarding greenhouse gases, water, biodiversity, and conservation.
This is why it is perceived as an organisation that pushes for neoliberal biodiversity conservation.
Ecosystem Marketplace's website states: "We believe that by providing solid and trust-worthy information on prices, regulation, science, and other market-relevant issues, markets for ecosystem services will one day become a fundamental part of our economic and environmental system, helping give value to environmental services that have, for too long, been taken for granted."
Market coverage
Ecosystem Marketplace has covered information on a number of areas, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%20Kesarovski | Nikola Kesarovski () (c. 11 November 1944 – 29 August 2007) was a Bulgarian science-fiction writer.
His most famous book is The Fifth Law of Robotics, published in 1983, the title being a reference to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics and the fifth law being that a robot must know that it is a robot.
The science- fiction fan club "Fantastica" was founded in 1997 in the town of Kardzhali, in the south of Bulgaria by him. The club has a page in Nov Jivot (New Life) - the official newspaper of Kardzhali - and up to late 2003, it had published over 60 issues. He also edited the magazine Kosmos.
He was also organizer and kind host of the annual Bulgarian science-fiction festival "The 2002 Bulgacon", which took place in Kardzhali. The festival was attended by over 900 participants.
Kesarovski committed suicide in 2007 by jumping from a seventh-storey window of a hospital in Kardzhali.
References
Bulgarian male writers
1930s births
2007 deaths |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco%20Road%20%28film%29 | Tobacco Road is a 1941 American comedy-drama film directed by John Ford and starring Charley Grapewin, Marjorie Rambeau, Gene Tierney and William Tracy. It was based on the 1932 novel of the same name by Erskine Caldwell and the 1933 Broadway play that Jack Kirkland adapted from the novel. The plot was rewritten for the film by Nunnally Johnson, who had worked with Ford on The Grapes of Wrath the previous year; the plot was altered to fit Production Code demands for a lighter tone while retaining plot elements.
Plot synopsis
In Georgia is a place called Tobacco Road, where the Lester family resides. The family patriarch Jeeter lives with his wife Ada, his son Dude, and his single daughter Ellie May, but the Lesters are doomed to lose their land because the bank decides to take it over for more suitable farming. However, the bank is convinced by a friend in Capt. Tim Harmon (whose father had kept after the Lesters to grow crops) to potentially lease the land to Jeeter for $100 a year, provided he can get a loan. He plans to get a loan from the widow Sister Bessie Rice, who just received $800 from the life insurance company. However, Bessie decides to marry Dude and uses the money to buy a new car for Dude. Jeeter plans to find a way to get the money and also marry off Ellie May. His attempt at trying to sell Dude's car fails miserably, and it seems as though they will be forced to live in the poorhouse. It is Harmon who decides to give the Lesters a chance, lending them a sta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorquinaldol | Chlorquinaldol is an antimicrobial agent and antiseptic. It is a chlorinated derivative of the popular chelating agent 8-hydroxyquinoline. It is applied topically as a cream and internally as a losenge.
It was marketed by Geigy as an intestinal antiseptic and amebicide with the trade name Siosteran.
References
Antiprotozoal agents
Antiseptics
Chloroarenes
Quinolinols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policresulen | Policresulen is the polycondensation product of meta-cresolsulfonic acid and phenol. It is used as a topical hemostatic and antiseptic in infectious and other lesions of the mucous membranes, like gynecological infections, anal hemorrhoids as well as ulcers of the oral cavity including canker sores. In some countries it is marketed under the trade name Albothyl or Polilen (Taiwan) or Faktu (combination with Cinchocaine).
Medical uses
Policresulen is used in the treatment of gynecological infections since the 1950s. The range of applications soon widened to include the therapy of other mucous membrane and skin lesions. The mechanism of action is twofold: next to its antiseptic effect, policresulen promotes the selective coagulation of necrotic and pathologically altered tissues while leaving healthy tissues intact. The shedding of necrotic tissues is accompanied by the reepithelialization of the mucosal (or dermal) wound tissues.
References
Antiseptics
Benzenesulfonic acids
Polymers
Phenols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Crystallographic%20Data%20Centre | The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) is a non-profit organisation based in Cambridge, England. Its primary activity is the compilation and maintenance of the Cambridge Structural Database, a database of small molecule crystal structures. They also perform analysis on the database for the benefit of the scientific community, and write and distribute computer software to allow others to do the same.
History
In 1962, Dr. Olga Kennard OBE FRS set up a chemical crystallography group within the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge. In 1965 she founded the CCDC and established the associated Cambridge Structural Database. At that time, there were only about 3,000 published X-ray structures, and the work involved converting these into a machine-readable form. Kennard invited Frank Allen to join the group, which he did in 1970, becoming Scientific Director and then Executive Director before retiring in 2008.
In 1992, the CCDC moved into its own building adjacent to the Cambridge chemistry department. This new headquarters was designed by the Danish architect Professor Erik Christian Sørensen and won The Sunday Times Building of the Year Award in 1993.
The CCDC still retains very close links as a University Partner Institution that trains students for postgraduate research degrees but from 1987 became an independent company. By 2019 the database had grown to over a million structures.
Current research
The staff at the CCDC curate the database of small-mo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-Lactamase%20inhibitor | Beta-lactamases are a family of enzymes involved in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the bacteria have beta-lactamase which degrade the beta-lactam rings, rendering the antibiotic ineffective. However, with beta-lactamase inhibitors, these enzymes on the bacteria are inhibited, thus allowing the antibiotic to take effect. Strategies for combating this form of resistance have included the development of new beta-lactam antibiotics that are more resistant to cleavage and the development of the class of enzyme inhibitors called beta-lactamase inhibitors. Although β-lactamase inhibitors have little antibiotic activity of their own, they prevent bacterial degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics and thus extend the range of bacteria the drugs are effective against.
Medical uses
The most important use of beta-lactamase inhibitors is in the treatment of infections known or believed to be caused by gram-negative bacteria, as beta-lactamase production is an important contributor to beta-lactam resistance in these pathogens. In contrast, most beta-lactam resistance in gram-positive bacteria is due to variations in penicillin-binding proteins that lead to reduced binding to the beta-lactam. The gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produces beta-lactamases, but beta-lactamase inhibitors play a lesser role in treatment of these infections because the most resistant strains (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ono%27s%20inequality | In mathematics, Ono's inequality is a theorem about triangles in the Euclidean plane. In its original form, as conjectured by T. Ono in 1914, the inequality is actually false; however, the statement is true for acute triangles and right triangles, as shown by F. Balitrand in 1916.
Statement of the inequality
Consider an acute or right triangle in the Euclidean plane with side lengths a, b and c and area A. Then
This inequality fails for general triangles (to which Ono's original conjecture applied), as shown by the counterexample
The inequality holds with equality in the case of an equilateral triangle, in which up to similarity we have sides and area
See also
List of triangle inequalities
References
External links
Disproved conjectures
Triangle inequalities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20Rae%20Young | William Rae Young, Jr. (October 30, 1915 – March 7, 2008) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone.
The history of cellular phone technology began on December 11, 1947 with a Bell Labs internal memo written by Douglas H. Ring describing the idea of Rae Young of the hexagonal cell concept for a cellular mobile telephone system.
Career
Young graduated from the University of Michigan in 1937 with a B.S. degree in electrical engineering. After graduation, Young began working at Bell Labs in what became his lifetime employment. Young did research and development for Bell Labs in the fields of radar, television, communication systems, and top-secret military systems. Young lived and worked in New York City for many years until he and his family moved to Summit, New Jersey from which he commuted by train to New York City.
During 1942 to 1945, Young worked on radar and communication systems for the US Armed Services. In 1945, Young began work on mobile radiotelephone systems in vehicles for coverage of urban areas and along highways. He developed systems for reducing interference between mobile systems that are closely spaced in frequency and location. Young served as chairman of a Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) subcommittee TR8.9 on systems standards for mobile communications equipment.
In 1947, W. Rae Young proposed what are now called cell phones in a report to the RMA Systems Committee. Coworker Douglas H. Ring at Bell Labs, liked Young's idea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3WM | 3WM is a radio station based in Horsham in the Wimmera Mallee region of Victoria, Australia. It broadcasts on the AM band, at a frequency of 1089 kHz, and on the FM band around Ararat at a frequency of 96.1 MHz and Nhill on 92.9 MHz.
More recently it moved its Horsham FM service to Dooen on the site of 3WV from Mt Zero, and is transmitting from aerials mounted on the 500 foot AM tower using an iso coupling device. Sharing the antenna with ABC News Radio.
The station is part of the Ace Radio network.
History
The station opened on 11 September 1933 as 3HS Horsham. On 16 May 1936 the station was taken over by 3DB a subsidiary of The Herald and Weekly Times, Melbourne. Then, on 24 December 1936, the call sign was changed to 3LK and, at this time, the Horsham studios and transmitter were closed with the transmitter being relocated to the small village of Lubeck, hence the 3LK call sign. (Lubeck currently has a population of about 140, but it would have been bigger when a few 3LK technicians lived there with their families and, importantly, when Lubeck was a railway junction for the branch line to Rupanyup).
3LK did not have a local Wimmera studio, and the vast majority of its programming was relayed from 3DB. There was, however, about one or two hours per day of local programming, which came from the 3LK studio in the 3DB Melbourne building, utilising 3DB announcing staff. 3LK supported numerous local Wimmera/Mallee events and charities.
The slogan used for all 3DB/3LK progra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine%20decarboxylase%20antizyme | In molecular biology, Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (ODC-AZ) is an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor. It binds to, and destabilises, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine synthesis. ODC is then rapidly degraded. It was first characterized in 1981. The expression of ODC-AZ requires programmed, ribosomal frameshifting which is modulated according to the cellular concentration of polyamines. High levels of polyamines induce a +1 ribosomal frameshift in the translation of mRNA for the antizyme leading to the expression of a full-length protein. At least two forms of ODC-AZ exist in mammals and the protein has been found in Drosophila (protein Gutfeeling) as well as in Saccharomyces yeast (encoded by the OAZ1 gene).
Human genes encoding Ornithine decarboxylase antizymes are OAZ1, OAZ2, and OAZ3.
References
External links
Protein families
EC 4.1.1
Enzymes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermine%20synthase | Spermine synthase (, spermidine aminopropyltransferase, spermine synthetase) is an enzyme that converts spermidine into spermine. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermine
Spermine synthase is an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis. It is present in all eukaryotes and plays a role in a variety of biological functions in plants Its structure consists of two identical monomers of 41 kDa with three domains each, creating a homodimer formed via dimerization. The interactions between one of the three domains, the N-terminals of the monomers, is responsible for dimerization as that is where the active site is located; the central terminal consisting of four β- strands structurally forming a lid for the third domain, the C-terminal domain.
References
External links
EC 2.5.1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine%20decarboxylase | The enzyme Lysine decarboxylase () converts lysine to cadaverine.
References
External links
EC 4.1.1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymaridas | Thymaridas of Paros (; c. 400 – c. 350 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician and Pythagorean noted for his work on prime numbers and simultaneous linear equations.
Life and work
Although little is known about the life of Thymaridas, it is believed that he was a rich man who fell into poverty. It is said that Thestor of Poseidonia traveled to Paros in order to help Thymaridas with the money that was collected for him.
Iamblichus states that Thymaridas called prime numbers "rectilinear", since they can only be represented on a one-dimensional line. Non-prime numbers, on the other hand, can be represented on a two-dimensional plane as a rectangle with sides that, when multiplied, produce the non-prime number in question. He further called the number one a "limiting quantity".
Iamblichus in his comments to Introductio arithmetica states that Thymaridas also worked with simultaneous linear equations. In particular, he created the then famous rule that was known as the "bloom of Thymaridas" or as the "flower of Thymaridas", which states that:
If the sum of n quantities be given, and also the sum of every pair containing a particular quantity, then this particular quantity is equal to 1/(n + 2) [this is a typo in Flegg's book the denominator should be n − 2 to match the math below] of the difference between the sums of these pairs and the first given sum.
or using modern notation, the solution of the following system of n linear equations in n unknowns:
is given by
Ia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation%20complex | In geometric group theory, a presentation complex is a 2-dimensional cell complex associated to any presentation of a group G. The complex has a single vertex, and one loop at the vertex for each generator of G. There is one 2-cell for each relation in the presentation, with the boundary of the 2-cell attached along the appropriate word.
Properties
The fundamental group of the presentation complex is the group G itself.
The universal cover of the presentation complex is a Cayley complex for G, whose 1-skeleton is the Cayley graph of G.
Any presentation complex for G is the 2-skeleton of an Eilenberg–MacLane space .
Examples
Let be the two-dimensional integer lattice, with presentation
Then the presentation complex for G is a torus, obtained by gluing the opposite sides of a square, the 2-cell, which are labelled x and y. All four corners of the square are glued into a single vertex, the 0-cell of the presentation complex, while a pair consisting of a longtitudal and meridian circles on the torus, intersecting at the vertex, constitutes its 1-skeleton.
The associated Cayley complex is a regular tiling of the plane by unit squares. The 1-skeleton of this complex is a Cayley graph for .
Let be the Infinite dihedral group, with presentation . The presentation complex for is , the wedge sum of projective planes. For each path, there is one 2-cell glued to each loop, which provides the standard cell structure for each projective plane. The Cayley complex is an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20A1%20Grand%20Prix%20teams | The following is a list of teams which competed in the A1 Grand Prix series. 29 teams participated in at least one A1 Grand Prix race.
A1 team list and statistics
Notes
References
Teams |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20pool | In finance, a dark pool (also black pool) is a private forum (alternative trading system or ATS) for trading securities, derivatives, and other financial instruments. Liquidity on these markets is called dark pool liquidity. The bulk of dark pool trades represent large trades by financial institutions that are offered away from public exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ, so that such trades remain confidential and outside the purview of the general investing public. The fragmentation of electronic trading platforms has allowed dark pools to be created, and they are normally accessed through crossing networks or directly among market participants via private contractual arrangements. Generally, dark pools are not available to the public, but in some cases, they may be accessed indirectly by retail investors and traders via retail brokers.
One of the main advantages for institutional investors in using dark pools is for buying or selling large blocks of securities without showing their hand to others and thus avoiding market impact, as neither the size of the trade nor the identity are revealed until some time after the trade is filled. However, it also means that some market participants—retail investors—are disadvantaged, since they cannot see the orders before they are executed. Prices are agreed upon by participants in the dark pools, so the market is no longer transparent.
Dark pools are heavily used in high-frequency trading, which has also led to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whey%20acidic%20protein | In molecular biology, the Whey acidic proteins (WAP) have been identified as a major whey protein family in milk, and are important in regulating the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. Additionally, their physiological function is thought to be similar to a protease inhibitor. It has been concluded, therefore, that WAP regulate the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells by preventing elastase-type serine proteases from carrying out laminin degradation and by suppressing the MAP kinase signal pathway in the cell cycle.
Production in mammals
Whey Acidic Protein (WAP) is the major milk protein in certain mammals. There are exceptions in some mammalian species, whereby WAP has not been found to be synthesized in the mammary gland.
WAP motif and cancer
There have been several candidate markers for cancer; most notably genes coding for elafin, antileukoproteinase 1 (previously called secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor, SLPI), WAP four disulphide core domain protein 1 (previously called prostate stromal protein 20 kDa, PS20), and WAP four disulphide core domain protein 2 (previously called major human epididymis-specific protein E4, HE4). These genes can be useful biomarkers for detecting tumours.
Biochemistry of WAP motifs
Whey Acidic Protein contains two to three four-disulfide core domain, also termed WAP domain or WAP motif. Each disulfide bond of the WAP motif is made up of two cysteine molecule. This motif is also found in other proteins of different funct |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates%20Corporation | Gates Industrial Corporation plc, based in Denver, Colorado, is a manufacturer of power transmission belts and fluid power products, which are used in diverse industrial and automotive applications. The company employs over 15,000 and has sales and manufacturing operations in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East.
History
On October 1, 1911, Charles Gates Sr. purchased the Colorado Tire and Leather Company located in Denver, Colorado beside the South Platte River. Colorado Tire and Leather Company made a single product, the Durable Tread, a steel-studded band of leather that motorists attached to tires to extend their mileage. In 1917, the company began phasing out leather in favor of rubber and Charles Gates changed its name to the International Rubber Company.
That same year, John Gates, Charles's brother, developed a belt made of rubber and woven threading called a V-belt, due to its shape. It replaced the hemp and rope belt used on automobiles and industrial machinery at the time, and was a model for the common serpentine belt. The belt's success propelled the company to become the largest manufacturer of V-belts, a title it still holds.
In 1919, the International Rubber Company changed its name to the Gates Rubber Company. Gates continued its expansion across the United States, opening more factories and hiring thousands of people. Then, in 1954, its first international manufacturing facility was built in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Ex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyembryoma | Polyembryoma is a rare, very aggressive form of germ cell tumor usually found in the ovaries. Polyembryoma has features of both yolk sac tumour and undifferentiated teratoma/embryonal carcinoma, with a characteristic finding of embryoid bodies lying in a loose mesenchymal stroma.
It has been found in association with Klinefelter syndrome.
References
External links
Germ cell neoplasia
Gynaecological neoplasia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCP5 | The gene known as HCP5 (HLA Complex P5) is a human endogenous retrovirus, meaning that it is a fossil of an ancient virus that at one time infected people, but has now become an integral part of the human genome.
One variation of HCP5 appears to provide some delay or resistance to the development of AIDS when a person is infected with HIV. This variation of HCP5 frequently occurs in conjunction with a particular version of an immune system gene called HLA-B.
HCP5 has been reported to become upregulated after human papillomavirus infection and may promote the development of cervical cancer.
Notes and references
Genomics
Endogenous retroviruses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%20Radio%20Malta | Capital 88.7 (Capital Radio) was a national radio station in Malta broadcasting on the frequency 88.7 FM.
Station's history
Originally, the broadcasting licence was awarded to Alt Services, an organisation created by Alternattiva Demokratika, a nascent local political party that espouses environmentally responsible policies. In fact the radio station, originally called "Radju Alternattiva," started out as a political radio station, competing with other local political radios such as Radio 101 and the state's radio stations.
On July 1, 1998 the radio station changed its name to "Capital Radio", significantly toned down its political activities, and focused more on 1980s music. In time, political broadcasts ceased entirely.
At the time, the management of the radio station was in the hands of Mediacoop Ltd, a media cooperative. Mediacoop's Managing Director is [John Mallia]. In July 2005, Mediacoop bought the station's license from its previous owners Alt Services and so came to own the station as well. Since October 2005 Capital Radio has been housed in a state of the art complex in St. Ursula Street, Valletta.
Mediacoop stopped broadcasting as of 00:00 of Wednesday, 1 April 2009, after it agreed to transfer its broadcasting license to new operators. Mediacoop said that it wanted to focus more on other aspects of its commercial portfolio. Since then, Capital Radio continued to transmit non-stop music from all pop genres from the 1980s up to the 2000s, until the new manageme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium/glucose%20cotransporter%201 | Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the gene which encodes the production of the SGLT1 protein to line the absorptive cells in the small intestine and the epithelial cells of the kidney tubules of the nephron for the purpose of glucose uptake into cells. Recently, it has been seen to have functions that can be considered as promising therapeutic target to treat diabetes and obesity. Through the use of the sodium glucose cotransporter 1 protein, cells are able to obtain glucose which is further utilized to make and store energy for the cell.
Structure
The sodium glucose cotransporter 1 is classified as an integral membrane protein that is made up of 14 alpha-helices constructed from the folding of 482-718 amino acid residues with both the N and C-terminal residing upon the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. It is hypothesized that the protein contains protein kinase A and protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, which serve to regulate the proteins conformational shape through phosphorylation of amino acids with ATP.
Function
Glucose transporters are integral membrane proteins that mediate the transport of glucose and structurally related substances across cellular membranes. Two families of glucose transporter have been identified: the facilitated diffusion glucose transporter family (GLUT family), also known as uniporters, and the sodium-dependent glucose transporter fami |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium/glucose%20cotransporter%202 | The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the (solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter)) gene.
Function
SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. SGLT2 is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. SGLT2 is located in the early proximal tubule, and is responsible for reabsorption of 80-90% of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus. Most of the remaining glucose absorption is by sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) in more distal sections of the proximal tubule.
SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes
SGLT2 inhibitors are called gliflozins. They lead to a reduction in blood glucose levels, and therefore have potential use in the treatment of type II diabetes. Gliflozins enhance glycemic control as well as reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The gliflozins canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin may lead to euglycemic ketoacidosis. Other side effects of gliflozins include increased risk of Fournier gangrene and of (generally mild) genital infections such as candidal vulvovaginitis.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene are also associated with renal glycosuria.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of SLC5A2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Slc5a2tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortiu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-glutamate%20receptor%20antibodies | Anti-glutamate receptor antibodies are autoantibodies detected in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples of a variety of disorders such as encephalitis, epilepsy and ataxia. Clinical and experimental studies starting around the year 2000 suggest that these antibodies are not simply epiphenomena and are involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
Anti-AMPAr
The first anti-glutamate receptor antibody was shown by McNamara JO and colleagues to be directed against the GluR3 subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor. Since then anti-GluR3 antibodies have been demonstrated in temporal lobe epilepsy, epilepsia partialis continua and focal epilepsy.
Anti-NMDAr
The second large group of anti-glutamate receptor antibodies is associated with different subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Patients with limbic encephalitis, encephalitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ataxia and epilepsia partialis continua may present with serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to the delta2 or NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor.
Antibodies against the NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor were described by Josep Dalmau, Erdem Tüzün and colleagues in women presenting with psychiatric symptoms, amnesia, seizures, dyskinesias, autonomic dysfunction and loss of consciousness. So far, these antibodies appear to be associated with an accompanying ovarian or mediastinal teratoma expressing NMDA receptors. Notably, this is the second n |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-cone%20drill | The three-cone drill, 3-cone drill or L-drill is a test performed by American football players. It is primarily run to evaluate the agility, quickness and fluidity of movement of players by scouts. It is most commonly seen at the NFL Combine in preparation for the NFL draft but is also an important measurement for collegiate recruiting. While not as highly regarded a test as the 40-yard dash, it is still an important barometer used by team personnel to compare players. It is especially pertinent in the evaluation of pass rushers who must be able to maintain acceleration while working around offensive line players.
The drill
Three cones are placed five yards apart from each other forming a right angle. The athlete starts with one hand down on the ground and runs to the middle cone and touches it. The player then reverses direction back to the starting cone and touches it. The athlete reverses direction again but this time runs around the outside of the middle cone on the way to the far cone running around it in figure eight fashion on his way back around the outside of the middle cornering cone. Athletes are timed for this whole procedure. This drill is primarily used to determine a player's agility.
References
National Football League Draft
Sprint (running)
American football terminology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri%20Ozark%20Forest%20Ecosystem%20Project | The Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) is a century-long ecological experiment to assess logging practices in the Missouri Ozark forest. Its goal is to find out a logging method that best balances the demand for wood products with forest preservation. Researchers from the Missouri Department of Conservation, the U.S. Forest Service, and Missouri universities are participating in the project.
The project uses of state forest land as experimental tracts. That land is divided into nine compartments. One group of three compartments is a control group and experiences no logging. The second group is logged in an "even-aged" manner, with swaths comprising ten percent of each compartment logged every ten years. The third group is logged in an "uneven-aged" manner, with selective logging of trees throughout the three compartments in that group. The uneven-aged management style creates a forest with trees of various ages and sizes. In the two groups that are cut, 10% of trees are left uncut, to preserve them as old growth forest. In both groups, researchers expect all tracts of cut forest to regenerate by the end of the project. The uncut control group, of course, remains unaffected.
The project has spawned twelve studies to assess the flora and fauna of the forest as it reacts to various logging methods. Although the project only started in 1995, researchers have already released some preliminary results of the study. The project's expected completion date is 2095.
Re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20H.%20Heilmeier | George Harry Heilmeier (May 22, 1936 – April 21, 2014) was an American engineer, manager, and a pioneering contributor to liquid crystal displays (LCDs), for which he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Heilmeier's work is an IEEE Milestone.
Biography
Heilmeier was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School there, received his BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and his M.S.E., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees in solid state materials and electronics from Princeton University.
In 1958 Heilmeier joined RCA Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey, where he worked on parametric amplification, tunnel diode down-converters, millimeter wave generation, ferroelectric thin film devices, organic semiconductors and electro-optic effects in molecular and liquid crystals. In 1964 he discovered several new electro-optic effects in liquid crystals, which led to the first working liquid crystal displays based on what he called the dynamic scattering mode (DSM).
Heilmeier spent much of the 1970s in the United States Department of Defense. In 1970–71, he served as a White House Fellow and special assistant to the Secretary of Defense, performing long-range research and development planning. In 1971 he was appointed Assistant Director for Defense Research and Engineering, Electronic and Physical Sciences, overseeing all research and exploratory development in electronics and the physical sciences. In 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-point%20algorithm | The eight-point algorithm is an algorithm used in computer vision to estimate the essential matrix or the fundamental matrix related to a stereo camera pair from a set of corresponding image points. It was introduced by Christopher Longuet-Higgins in 1981 for the case of the essential matrix. In theory, this algorithm can be used also for the fundamental matrix, but in practice the normalized eight-point algorithm, described by Richard Hartley in 1997, is better suited for this case.
The algorithm's name derives from the fact that it estimates the essential matrix or the fundamental matrix from a set of eight (or more) corresponding image points. However, variations of the algorithm can be used for fewer than eight points.
Coplanarity constraint
One may express the epipolar geometry of two cameras and a point in space with an algebraic equation. Observe that, no matter where the point is in space, the vectors , and belong to the same plane. Call the coordinates of point in the left eye's reference frame and call the coordinates of in the right eye's reference frame and call the rotation and translation between the two reference frames s.t. is the relationship between the coordinates of in the two reference frames. The following equation always holds because the vector generated from is orthogonal to both and :
Because , we get
.
Replacing with , we get
Observe that may be thought of as a matrix; Longuet-Higgins used the symbol to denote it. Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradosome | The degradosome is a multiprotein complex present in most bacteria that is involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA and the degradation of messenger RNA and is regulated by Non-coding RNA. It contains the proteins RNA helicase B, RNase E and Polynucleotide phosphorylase.
The store of cellular RNA in the cells is constantly fluctuating. For example, in Escherichia coli, Messenger RNA's life expectancy is between 2 and 25 minutes, in other bacteria it might last longer. Even in resting cells, RNA is degraded in a steady state, and the nucleotide products of this process are later reused for fresh rounds of nucleic acid synthesis. RNA turnover is very important for gene regulation and quality control.
All organisms have various tools for RNA degradation, for instance ribonucleases, helicases, 3'-end nucleotidyltransferases (which add tails to transcripts), 5'-end capping and decapping enzymes and assorted RNA-binding proteins that help to model RNA for presentation as substrate or for recognition. Frequently, these proteins associate into stable complexes in which their activities are coordinate or cooperative. Many of these RNA metabolism proteins are represented in the components of the multi-enzyme RNA degradosome of Escherichia coli, which is constituted by four basic components: the hydrolytic endo-ribonuclease RNase E, the phosphorolytic exo-ribonuclease PNPase, the ATP-dependent RNA helicase (RhIB) and a glycolytic enzyme enolase.
The RNA degradosome was discovered |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction%20landmark%20genomic%20scanning | Restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) is a genome analysis method for rapid simultaneous visualization of thousands of landmarks, or restriction sites. Using a combination of restriction enzymes some of which are specific to DNA modifications, the technique can be used to visualize differences in methylation levels across the genome of a given organism. RLGS employs direct labeling of DNA, which is first cut by a specific series of restriction enzymes, and then labeled by a radioactive isotope (usually phosphorus-32). A two-dimensional electrophoresis process is then employed, yielding high-resolution results. The radioactive second-dimension gel is then allowed to expose a large sheet of film. The radiation produced by the radioactive labeling will cause the film to be exposed wherever the restriction fragments have migrated during electrophoresis. The film is then developed, yielding a visual representation of the results in the form of an autoradiograph. The same combination of restriction enzymes will produce the same pattern of 'spots' from samples from the same organisms, but different patterns for different types of organism. For example, human and mouse DNA will produce distinctly different patterns when treated with the same combination of enzymes. These finished auto-rads can be examined against each other, revealing any changes in gene expression that lead to visual differences in the film. Each autoradiograph contains thousands of spots, each corresponding |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinamide | Angiotensinamide (INN; BAN and USAN angiotensin amide) is a potent vasoconstrictor used as a cardiac stimulant. It is a derivative of angiotensin II.
See also
Angiotensin
References
Cardiac stimulants |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQ7 | HLA-DQ7 (DQ7) is an HLA-DQ serotype that recognizes the common HLA DQB1*0301 and the less common HLA DQB1*0304 gene products. DQ7 is a form of 'split antigen' of the broad antigen group DQ3 which also contains DQ8 and DQ9.
DQ7 is linked by haplotype to a number of DQA1 (DQ alpha chain) genes, producing in cis-haplotype form, a large number of DQ αβ isoforms. These DQ alpha chains are also known to form transhaplotype isomers with other HLA-DQ.
DQ7 is linked to the following alpha chains genes (DQA1*)
03 – *0301, *0302, *0303
0401
0505
0601
Serology
Serotyping efficiency. The serotyping efficiency of DQ7 toward DQB1*0301 is reasonably good, but still results in some false negatives, for *0304 the typing efficiency is poor and cross-reaction with DQ8 is relatively high.
Alleles
DQB1*0301
DQB1*0301 is the major DQ7 allele
DQB1*0301 appears to be associated with lupus anticoagulant.
DQB1*0304
DQB1*0304 is the minor DQ7 allele
Haplotypes
DQ haplotypes of this serotype are formed between the cis-chromosomal genes of the DQA1 locus.
This includes DQA1*0301, *0302, *0303, *0401, *0505, *0601.
There is a rather large degree of disequilibration about DQA1*0301 suggesting that this is one of the older and more established HLA DQB1* alleles in Eurasia. The intron structure of DQB1 suggest that DQB1*0301 DQB1*0302/*0303 split occurred before DQB1*0302/*0303, the distribution of *03 in Africa suggest that recombination DQA1*03:DQB1*0301 are primarily the result of recombina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Acetyldigoxin | α-Acetyldigoxin is a cardiac glycoside. It is an acetyl derivative of digoxin and an isomer of β-acetyldigoxin. It increases the contractility of the heart by its positive inotropic effect on cardiac muscle. The effects of α-acetyldigoxin begin 3–4 hours after administration, and maximize after 6–8 hours. It is prescribed for congestive chronic cardiac failure class II, III and IV.
External links
Cardenolides
Acetate esters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQ3 | Within molecular and cell biology, HLA-DQ3 (DQ3) is a broad serotype category with split antigens HLA-DQ7, DQ8, and DQ9. Historically, originally recognized as MB3 a DC4 serotype, DQw3 was one of three early determined antigens recognized as HLA-DQ along with HLA-DQ1 and HLA-DQ2. While the DQ3 molecules are structurally similar in beta chain, the DQ molecules differ markedly in function, even when present with the same DQ alpha subunit. For this reason they are best treated independently.
Serology
The serotyping efficiency of DQ3 recognition relative to DQ2, DQ7, DQ8, and DQ9 is shown to the left. Compared to DQ2 serotyping of DQB1*0201 positive individuals (98%), the efficiency of DQ3 recognition is relatively low and error prone. This compares to genotyping efficiency of 100%. The recognition of DQB1*0303 by DQ9 and or DQ3 is poorest, DQ2 which recognizes a different DBB1*group recognizes DQB1*0303 as efficiently
as DQ3.
For this reason DQ3 serotyping is a poor method of typing for transplantation or disease association prediction or study.
Nonetheless, it is still widely used and association purported in the literature.
Alleles
DQB1*0301
DQB1*0301 the DQ7 gene, is detailed on HLA-DQ7
DQB1*0302
DQB1*0302 the DQ8 gene, is detailed on HLA-DQ8
DQB1*0303
DQB1*0303 the DQ9 gene, is detailed on HLA-DQ9
DQB1*0304
DQB1*0304 is similar in structure and function to DQB1*0301 generally considered to be HLA-DQ7
DQB1*0305
DQB1*0305 is similar in structure and function to DQB1*0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Shelley | Kenneth Gene Shelley (born October 4, 1951) is an American figure skater who competed in both singles and pairs. As a single skater, he won the 1972 United States Figure Skating Championships and placed 4th at the 1972 Winter Olympics. His highest placement at the World Figure Skating Championships was a single skater was 7th, in 1972. As a pair skater, he competed with JoJo Starbuck, with whom he is a three-time National Champion. Starbuck and Shelley competed in two Olympic Games, placing 13th in 1968 and 4th in 1972, and won two bronze medals at the World Figure Skating Championships. When they made the 1968 Olympic team, they were the youngest athletes the United States had ever sent to the Olympics.
Shelley was from Downey, California. He was first paired with Starbuck for a show in 1959, when they were very small children. They started training seriously with coach John Nicks at the Arctic Blades FSC in 1961. In their first year of senior competitions, when they were both 16 years old, they qualified to compete at the 1968 Winter Olympics. Both Starbuck and Shelley attended Downey High School, where they performed off-ice lifts with the cheerleading squad and Long Beach State College.
In the summer of 1969, Shelley had a serious off-ice accident, crashing through a glass patio door at a party. He had surgery to repair two severed tendons and spent 5 weeks in a cast.
After retiring from competitive skating, Starbuck and Shelley skated in the Ice Capades and compe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formate%20dehydrogenase | Formate dehydrogenases are a set of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, donating the electrons to a second substrate, such as NAD+ in formate:NAD+ oxidoreductase () or to a cytochrome in formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase (). This family of enzymes has attracted attention as inspiration or guidance on methods for the carbon dioxide fixation, relevant to global warming.
Function
NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenases are important in methylotrophic yeast and bacteria, being vital in the catabolism of C1 compounds such as methanol. The cytochrome-dependent enzymes are more important in anaerobic metabolism in prokaryotes. For example, in E. coli, the formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase is an intrinsic membrane protein with two subunits and is involved in anaerobic nitrate respiration.
NAD-dependent reaction
Formate + NAD+ CO2 + NADH + H+
Cytochrome-dependent reaction
Formate + 2 ferricytochrome b1 CO2 + 2 ferrocytochrome b1 + 2 H+
Molybdopterin, molybdenum and selenium dependence
The metal-dependent Fdh's feature Mo or W at their active sites. These active sites resemble the motif seen in DMSO reductase, with two molybdopterin cofactors bound to Mo/W in a bidentate fashion. The fifth and sixth ligands are sulfide and either cysteinate or selenocysteinate.
The mechanism of action appears to involve 2e redox of the metal centers, induced by hydride transfer from formate and release of carbon dioxide:
In this scheme, represe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline | A chemocline is a type of cline, a layer of fluid with different properties, characterized by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of water. In bodies of water where chemoclines occur, the cline separates the upper and lower layers, resulting in different properties for those layers. The lower layer shows a change in the concentration of dissolved gases and solids compared to the upper layer.
Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formation of anoxic bottom water — deep water deficient in oxygen, where only anaerobic forms of life can exist. Common anaerobic organisms that live in these conditions include phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria and green sulfur bacteria. The Black Sea is an example of a body of water with a prominent chemocline, though similar bodies (classified as meromictic lakes) exist across the globe. Meromictic lakes are the result of meromixis, which is a circumstance where a body of water does not fully mix and circulate, causing stratification.
In any body of water in which oxygen-rich surface waters are well-mixed (holomictic), no chemocline will exist, as there is no stratification of layers. Chemoclines can become unstable when dissolved gases become supersaturated, such as H2S, due to mixing associated with bubbling or boiling (ebullition).
Chemocline structure
Containing the largest chemical gradient, the chemocline is a thin boundary layer that separates a meromictic lake into two parts: the upper mixol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylamine%20N-oxide%20reductase | Trimethylamine N-oxide reductase (TOR or TMAO reductase, EC 1.7.2.3) is a microbial enzyme that can reduce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) into trimethylamine (TMA), as part of the electron transport chain. The enzyme has been purified from E. coli and the photosynthetic bacteria Roseobacter denitrificans.
Trimethylamine oxide is found at high concentrations in the tissues of fish, and the bacterial reduction of this compound to foul-smelling trimethylamine is a major process in the spoilage of fish.
Classification
TMAO reductase has an enzyme commission (EC) number of 1.7.2.3. EC numbers are a system of enzyme nomenclature, and each part of this nomenclature refers to a progressive classification of the enzyme with regards to its reaction. The first number defines the reaction type, the second number provides information on involved compounds, the third number specifies the type of reaction, and the fourth number completes the unique serial number for each enzyme.
Trimethylamine N-oxide reductase has the EC number 1.7.2.3, and these components refer to the following enzyme classifications:
EC 1 enzymes are oxidoreductase enzymes, where an oxidation reduction reaction occurs, and the substrate being oxidized is either an oxygen or hydrogen donor
EC 1.7 enzymes act on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
EC 1.7.2 enzymes have a cytochrome as an acceptor
EC 1.7.2.3 is the enzyme TMAO reductase, which reduces the cytochrome TorC
Species distribution
TMAO is an organic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquinol%20oxidase | Ubiquinol oxidases () are enzymes in the bacterial electron transport chain that oxidise ubiquinol into ubiquinone and reduce oxygen to water. These enzymes are one set of the many alternative terminal oxidases in the branched prokaryotic electron transport chain. The overall structure of the E. coli ubiquinol oxidase is similar to that of the mammalian Cytochrome c oxidase, with the addition of a polar ubiquinol-binding site embedded in the membrane.
See also
Oxidative phosphorylation
Microbial metabolism
References
Cellular respiration
Metabolism
EC 1.10.3 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-amino%20acid%20dehydrogenase | D-amino-acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.99.1) is a bacterial enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of D-amino acids into their corresponding oxoacids. It contains both flavin and nonheme iron as cofactors. The enzyme has a very broad specificity and can act on most D-amino acids.
D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor <=> a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced acceptor
This reaction is distinct from the oxidation reaction catalysed by D-amino acid oxidase that uses oxygen as a second substrate, as the dehydrogenase can use many different compounds as electron acceptors, with the physiological substrate being coenzyme Q.
D-amino acid dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes NADPH from NADP+ and D- glucose to produce D- amino acids and glucose dehydrogenase. Some but not limited to these amino acids are D-leucine, D-isoleucine, and D-Valine, which are essential amino acids that humans cannot synthesize due to the fact that they are not included in their diet. Moreover, D- amino acids catalyzes the formation of 2-oxo acids to produce D- amino acids in the presence of DCIP which is an electron acceptor. D-amino acids are used as components of pharmaceutical products, such as antibiotics, anticoagulants, and pesticides, because they have been shown to be not only more potent than their L enantiomers, but also more resistant to enzyme degradation. D-amino acid dehydrogenase enzymes have been synthesized via mutagenesis with an ability to produce straight, branched, cyclic aliphatic and aromatic D-amino |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Goldsmith | Julian Royce Goldsmith (1918–1999) was a mineralogist and geochemist at the University of Chicago (Moore, 1971). Goldsmith, along with colleague Fritz Laves, first defined the crystallographic polymorphism of alkali feldspar (Newton, 1989). Goldsmith also experimented on the temperature dependence of the solid solution between calcite and dolomite (Newton, 1989). Goldsmith's research also led him to experiment with the determination of the stability of intermediate structural states of albite (Newton, 1989). For his outstanding contributions to the study of mineralogy and geochemistry, Goldsmith was awarded the prestigious Roebling Medal by the Mineralogical Society of America in 1988 (Newton, 1989). The mineral julgoldite was named for him.
References
Moore, P.B. (1971) Julgoldite, the Fe +2-Fe+3 dominant pumpellyite. A new mineral from Långban, Sweden. Lithos 4, 93–99.
Newton, R. (1989) Presentation of the Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 1988 to Julian R. Goldsmith. American Mineralogist, 74, 715–716.
Edward J. Olsen, Memorial for Julian Royce Goldsmith, 1918–1999, American Mineralogist, Volume 85, pages 382–383, 2000
1918 births
1999 deaths
American geochemists
American mineralogists
University of Chicago faculty
Presidents of the Geochemical Society
20th-century American chemists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20Evolutionary%20Computation%20Toolkit | ECJ is a freeware evolutionary computation research system written in Java. It is a framework that supports a variety of evolutionary computation techniques, such as genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolution strategies, coevolution, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution. The framework models iterative evolutionary processes using a series of pipelines arranged to connect one or more subpopulations of individuals with selection, breeding (such as crossover, and mutation operators that produce new individuals. The framework is open source and is distributed under the Academic Free License. ECJ was created by Sean Luke, a computer science professor at George Mason University, and is maintained by Sean Luke and a variety of contributors.
Features (listed from ECJ's project page):
General Features:
GUI with charting
Platform-independent checkpointing and logging
Hierarchical parameter files
Multithreading
Mersenne Twister Random Number Generators
Abstractions for implementing a variety of EC forms.
EC Features:
Asynchronous island models over TCP/IP
Master/Slave evaluation over multiple processors
Genetic Algorithms/Programming style Steady State and Generational evolution, with or without Elitism
Evolutionary-Strategies style (mu, lambda) and (mu+lambda) evolution
Very flexible breeding architecture
Many selection operators
Multiple subpopulations and species
Inter-subpopulation exchanges
Reading populations from files
Single- a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DXP%20reductoisomerase | DXP reductoisomerase (1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase or DXR) is an enzyme that interconverts 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP).
It is classified under . It is normally abbreviated DXR, but it is sometimes named IspC, as the product of the ispC gene.
DXR is part of the MEP pathway (nonmevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. DXR is inhibited by fosmidomycin.
This enzyme is required for terpenoid biosynthesis in some organisms, since it is a key enzyme on the MEP pathway for the production of the isoprenoid precursors IPP and DMAPP. In Arabidopsis thaliana 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase is the first committed enzyme of the MEP pathway for isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. The enzyme requires Mn2+, Co2+ or Mg2+ for activity, with Mn2+ being most effective.
References
External links
Protein families
EC 1.1.1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20filter | The Fermi filter is a common image processing filter that uses the Fermi–Dirac distribution in the frequency domain to perform a low-pass filter or high-pass filter similar to a Gaussian blur, but the harshness can be scaled.
References
Image processing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kili%20Holm | Kili Holm is a tidal island in the Orkney Islands, linked to Egilsay. Unusually, like its neighbour Egilsay, it may have a partly Gaelic etymology, in this case from cille meaning a monk's cell (Egilsay may derive from eaglais a church). This may make it another “Papey” or island of the papar or culdees.
There is a cairn on the island, and it is currently used as rough grazing for sheep.
Geography and geology
Kili Holm is made up of red sandstone.
It is separated from Egilsay by Smithy Sound, which dries out at low tide. The north east is known as Point of Ridden, and the north west as Point of Pitten. The west is known as Marlow.
It is due east of Rousay, and much further to the north is Westray.
References
Islands of the Orkney Islands
Tidal islands of Scotland |
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