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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPC7 | Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 7, also known as TRPC7, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name.
See also
TRPC
Further reading
External links
Ion channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV4 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 is an ion channel protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPV4 gene.
The TRPV4 gene encodes TRPV4, initially named "vanilloid-receptor related osmotically activated channel" (VR-OAC) and "OSM9-like transient receptor potential channel, member 4 (OTRPC4)", a member of the vanilloid subfamily in the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels. The encoded protein is a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel that has been found involved in multiple physiologic functions, dysfunctions and also disease. It functions in the regulation of systemic osmotic pressure by the brain, in vascular function, in liver, intestinal, renal and bladder function, in skin barrier function and response of the skin to ultraviolet-B radiation, in growth and structural integrity of the skeleton, in function of joints, in airway- and lung function, in retinal and inner ear function, and in pain. The channel is activated by osmotic, mechanical and chemical cues. It also responds to thermal changes (warmth). Channel activation can be sensitized by inflammation and injury.
The TRPV4 gene has been co-discovered by W. Liedtke et al. and R. Strotmann et al.
Clinical significance
Channelopathy mutations in the TRPV4 gene lead to skeletal dysplasias, premature osteoarthritis, and neurological motor function disorders and are associated with a range of disorders, including brachyolmia type 3, congenital distal spinal m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPM8 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), also known as the cold and menthol receptor 1 (CMR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM8 gene. The TRPM8 channel is the primary molecular transducer of cold somatosensation in humans. In addition, mints can desensitize a region through the activation of TRPM8 receptors (the 'cold'/menthol receptor).
Structure
The TRPM8 channel is a homotetramer, composed of four identical subunits with a transmembrane domain with six helices (S1–6). The first four, S1–4, act as the voltage sensor and allow binding of menthol, icilin and similar channel agonists. S5 and S6 and a connecting loop, also part of the structure, make up the pore, a non-selective cation channel which consists of a highly conserved hydrophobic region. A range of diverse components are required for the high level of specificity in response to cold and menthol stimuli which eventually lead to ion flow through the protein channel.
Function
TRPM8 is an ion channel: upon activation, it allows the entry of Na+ and Ca2+ ions into the cell, which leads to depolarization and the generation of an action potential. The signal is conducted from primary afferents (type C- and A-delta) eventually leading to the sensation of cold and cold pain.
The TRPM8 protein is expressed in sensory neurons, and it is activated by cold temperatures and cooling agents, such as menthol and icilin whereas WS-12 and CPS-369 are the most select |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPM3 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM3 gene.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are Ca2+ permeable non-selective cation channels that play roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including calcium signaling, heat and cold sensation, calcium and magnesium homeostasis. TRPMs mediates sodium and calcium entry, which induces depolarization and a cytoplasmic Ca2+ signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been -identified.
TRPM3 was shown to be activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate as well as the synthetic compound CIM0216.
Peripheral heat sensation
TRPM3 is expressed in peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, and they are activated by high temperatures. Genetic deletion of TRPM3 in mice reduces sensitivity to noxious heat, as well as inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. Inhibitors of TRPM3 were also shown to reduce noxious heat and inflammatory heat hyperalgesia, as well as reduce heat hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain in nerve injury induced neuropathic pain.
Receptor mediated inhibition
TRPM3 is robustly inhibited by the activation of cell surface receptors that couple to inhibitory heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gi) via direct binding of the Gβγ subunit of the G-protein to the channel. Gβγ was shown to bind to a short α-helical segment of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPT1 | tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TRPT1 gene.
References
Further reading |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV3 | Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3, also known as TRPV3, is a human gene encoding the protein of the same name.
The TRPV3 protein belongs to a family of nonselective cation channels that function in a variety of processes, including temperature sensation and vasoregulation. The thermosensitive members of this family are expressed in subsets of human sensory neurons that terminate in the skin, and are activated at distinct physiological temperatures. This channel is activated at temperatures between 22 and 40 degrees C. The gene lies in close proximity to another family member (TRPV1) gene on chromosome 17, and the two encoded proteins are thought to associate with each other to form heteromeric channels.
Function
The TRPV3 channel has wide tissue expression that is especially high in the skin (keratinocytes) but also in the brain. It functions as a molecular sensor for innocuous warm temperatures. Mice lacking these protein are unable to sense elevated temperatures (>33 °C) but are able to sense cold and noxious heat. In addition to thermosensation TRPV3 channels seem to play a role in hair growth because mutations in the TRPV3 gene cause hair loss in mice. The role of TRPV3 channels in the brain is unclear, but appears to play a role in mood regulation. The protective effects of the natural product, incensole acetate were partially mediated by TRPV3 channels.
Modulation
The TRPV3 channel is directly activated by various natural compound |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20Spring%202007%20%28Australian%20series%29 | Now Spring 2007 is a compilation CD released by EMI Music Australia in 2007. It is the 18th CD in the Australian Now! series.
Track listing
Alex Gaudino featuring Crystal Waters – "Destination Calabria" (3:00)
Ricki-Lee – "Can't Touch It" (2:52)
Gym Class Heroes – "Clothes Off!!" (3:40)
Operator Please – "Just a Song About Ping Pong" (2:17)
Missy Higgins – "Where I Stood" (4:15)
Silverchair – "Reflections of a Sound" (4:09)
Kisschasy – "Opinions Won't Keep You Warm at Night" (3:05)
Ben Lee – "Love Me Like the World Is Ending" (3:44)
Armand Van Helden – "NYC Beat" (3:10)
Bob Sinclar featuring Dollarman and Gary Pine – "Sound of Freedom" (3:17)
Yellowcard – "Light Up the Sky" (3:32)
Evermore – "Never Let You Go" (4:16)
Lisa Mitchell – "Incomplete Lullaby" (3:42)
Jet – "Bring It on Back" (4:09)
Katie Noonan – "Time to Begin" (3:38)
The Beautiful Girls – "I Thought About You" (3:13)
Thirsty Merc – "The Hard Way" (4:21)
Airbourne – "Too Much, Too Young, Too Fast" (3:43)
The Chemical Brothers – "Do It Again" (3:40)
Paul Van Dyk featuring Jessica Sutta – "White Lies" (3:14)
Carl Kennedy vs. M.Y.N.C. Project featuring Roachford – "Ride the Storm" (Life Goes On Radio Edit) (3:09)
Meck featuring Dino – "Feels Like Home" (3:11)
External links
NOW Spring 2007 @ Australian Charts
2007 compilation albums
Now That's What I Call Music! albums (Australian series)
EMI Records compilation albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20bisulfate | Ammonium bisulfate, also known as ammonium hydrogen sulfate, is a white, crystalline solid with the formula (NH4)HSO4. This salt is the product of the half-neutralization of sulfuric acid by ammonia.
Production
It is commonly collected as a byproduct of the "acetone cyanohydrin route" to the commodity chemical methyl methacrylate.
It can also be obtained by hydrolysis of sulfamic acid in aqueous solution, which produces the salt in high purity:
H3NSO3 + H2O → [NH4]+[HSO4]−
It also arises by the thermal decomposition of ammonium sulfate:
(NH4)2SO4 → (NH4)HSO4 + NH3
Applications
It can be further neutralized with ammonia to form ammonium sulfate, a valuable fertilizer. It can be used as a weaker alternative to sulfuric acid, although sodium bisulfate is much more common.
Natural occurrence
A related compound of the (NH4)3H(SO4)2 formula, occurs as the rare mineral letovicite, known from coal fire environments.
References
Ammonium compounds
Sulfates |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo%20Devanir | Leonardo Devanir de Paula or simply Leonardo (born March 12, 1977 in Juiz de Fora), is a Brazilian central defender who currently plays for Nova Iguaçu.
Career
Flamengo career statistics
(Correct 13 July 2008)
according to combined sources on the.
Honours
Coritiba
Paraná State Championship: 1999
Palmeiras
Brazilian Série B: 2003
Goiás
Goiás State Championship: 2006
References
External links
sambafoot
Guardian Stats Centre
zerozero.pt
goiasesporteclube.com
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Juiz de Fora
Brazilian men's footballers
Tupi Football Club players
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Goiás Esporte Clube players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
CR Flamengo footballers
Vila Nova Futebol Clube players
Ipatinga Futebol Clube players
Expatriate men's footballers in Syria
Men's association football defenders
Syrian Premier League players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20spectrometry%20imaging | Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules, as biomarkers, metabolites, peptides or proteins by their molecular masses. After collecting a mass spectrum at one spot, the sample is moved to reach another region, and so on, until the entire sample is scanned. By choosing a peak in the resulting spectra that corresponds to the compound of interest, the MS data is used to map its distribution across the sample. This results in pictures of the spatially resolved distribution of a compound pixel by pixel. Each data set contains a veritable gallery of pictures because any peak in each spectrum can be spatially mapped. Despite the fact that MSI has been generally considered a qualitative method, the signal generated by this technique is proportional to the relative abundance of the analyte. Therefore, quantification is possible, when its challenges are overcome. Although widely used traditional methodologies like radiochemistry and immunohistochemistry achieve the same goal as MSI, they are limited in their abilities to analyze multiple samples at once, and can prove to be lacking if researchers do not have prior knowledge of the samples being studied. Most common ionization technologies in the field of MSI are DESI imaging, MALDI imaging, secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging (SIMS imaging) and Nanoscale SIMS (NanoSIMS).
History
More than 50 years ago, MSI was introduced using secondary ion mass s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iteron | Iterons are directly repeated DNA sequences which play an important role in regulation of plasmid copy number in bacterial cells. It is one among the three negative regulatory elements found in plasmids which control its copy number. The others include antisense RNAs and ctRNAs. Iterons complex with cognate replication (Rep) initiator proteins to achieve the required regulatory effect.
Regulation of Replication
Iterons have an important role in plasmid replication. An iteron-containing plasmid origin of replication can be found containing about five iterons about 20 base pairs in length total. These iterons provide a saturation site for initiator receptor proteins and promote replication thus increasing plasmid copy number in a given cell.
Limiting Factors of Initiation
There are 4 main limiting factors leading to no initiation of replication in iterons:
Transcriptional autorepression
Initiator dimerization
Initiator titration
Handcuffing
Transcriptional auto-repression is thought to reduce initiator synthesis by repressing the formation of the Rep proteins. Since these proteins work to promote binding of replication machinery, replication can be halted in this form. Another factor used to stop replication is known as dimerization. It works to dimerize these Rep proteins and as a result monomers of these proteins are no longer in a high enough concentration to initiate replication. Another limiting factor, titration, occurs after replication and works to prevent satu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-hydroxybenzoate%20polyprenyltransferase | In enzymology, a 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
a polyprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate diphosphate + a 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are a polyprenyl diphosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. This enzyme participates in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme class is polyprenyl-diphosphate:4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase. Other names in common use include:
nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate transferase,
4-hydroxybenzoate transferase,
p-hydroxybenzoate dimethylallyltransferase,
p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase,
p-hydroxybenzoic acid-polyprenyl transferase,
p-hydroxybenzoic-polyprenyl transferase, and
4-hydroxybenzoate nonaprenyltransferase
References
EC 2.5.1
Enzymes of unknown structure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarmatic%20mixed%20forests | The Sarmatic mixed forests constitute an ecoregion within the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature classification (ecoregion PA0436). The term comes from the word "Sarmatia".
Distribution
This ecoregion is situated in Europe between boreal forests/taiga in the north and the broadleaf belt in the south and occupies about 846,100 km² (326,700 mi²) in southernmost Norway, southern Sweden (except southernmost), southwesternmost Finland, northern Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, northern Belarus and the central part of European Russia.
It is bordered by the ecoregions of Scandinavian and Russian taiga (north), Urals montane tundra and taiga (east), East European forest steppe (southeast), Central European mixed forests (southwest) and Baltic mixed forests (west), as well as by the Baltic Sea.
Description
The ecoregion consists of mixed forests dominated by Quercus robur (which only occasionally occurs farther north), Picea abies (which disappears further south due to insufficient moisture) and Pinus sylvestris (in drier locations). Geobotanically, it is divided between the Central European and Eastern European floristic provinces of the Circumboreal Region of the Holarctic Kingdom.
References
External links
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Ecoregions of Europe
Ecoregions of Belarus
Ecoregions of Estonia
Ecoregions of Finland
Ecoregions of Latvia
Ecoregions of Lithuania
Ecoregions of Norway
Ecoregions of Russia
Ecoregions o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck%20classification | Truck classifications are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the truck, typically using the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and sometimes also the gross trailer weight rating (GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions.
United States
In the United States, commercial truck classification is determined based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). The classes are numbered 1 through 8. Trucks are also classified more broadly by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), which groups classes 1 and 2 as light duty, 3 through 6 as medium duty, and 7 and 8 as heavy duty. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a separate system of emissions classifications for trucks. The United States Census Bureau also assigned classifications in its now-discontinued Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) (formerly Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS)).
United States federal law requires drivers to have a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate heavy-duty vehicles (Class 7 and 8) in commerce, with the exception of emergency vehicles and vehicles strictly used for recreational and/or agricultural purposes, though it allows states to require a CDL for these vehicles under their discretion. A CDL is also required to operate any vehicle that transports at least 16 passengers (including the driver) or hazardous materials requiring placards under federal and state law regardless of the weight of the vehicle. States may extend CDL requirements for additional ve |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian%20and%20Russian%20taiga | The Scandinavian and Russian taiga is an ecoregion within the taiga and boreal forests biome as defined by the WWF classification (ecoregion PA0608). It is situated in Northern Europe between tundra in the north and temperate mixed forests in the south and occupies about in Norway, Sweden, Finland and the northern part of European Russia, being the largest ecoregion in Europe. In Sweden the taiga is primarily associated with the Norrland terrain.
Description
The Scandinavian and Russian taiga consists of coniferous forests dominated by Pinus sylvestris (in drier locations), often with an understory of Juniperus communis, Picea abies and Picea obovata and a significant admixture of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula. Larix sibirica is characteristic of the eastern part of the ecoregion. Geobotanically, it belongs to the Northeastern European floristic province of the Circumboreal Region of the Holarctic Kingdom.
There are a number of special status mammals and birds within the Scandinavian and Russian taiga, as well as one reptilian taxon.
Growing season in taiga areas is generally considered to be measured as the number of days for which average daily temperature exceeds . The longest growing season for the Scandinavian and Russian taiga occurs in the locales with marine influence from the North Sea and Baltic Sea: in coastal areas of Norway, Sweden and Finland the growing season of the closed boreal forest can reach as high as 145 to 180 days per annum. The shortest gr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20the%20sciences%20%28Peirce%29 | The philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) did considerable work over a period of years on the classification of
sciences (including mathematics). His classifications are of interest both as a map for navigating his philosophy and as an accomplished polymath's survey of research in his time. Peirce himself was well grounded and produced work in many research fields, including logic, mathematics, statistics, philosophy, spectroscopy, gravimetry, geodesy, chemistry, and experimental psychology.
Classifications
Philosophers have done little work on classification of the sciences and mathematics since Peirce's time. Noting Peirce's "important" contribution, Denmark's Birger Hjørland commented: "There is not today (2005), to my knowledge, any organized research program about the classification of the sciences in any discipline or in any country". As Miksa (1998) writes, the "interest for this question largely died in the beginning of the 20th century". It is not clear whether Hjørland includes the classification of mathematics in that characterization.
Taxa
In 1902 and 1903 Peirce elaborates classifications of the sciences in:
"A Detailed Classification of the Sciences" in Minute Logic (Feb.–Apr. 1902), Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce (CP) v. 1, paragraphs 203–283
July 1902 application to the Carnegie institution (MS L75)
"An Outline Classification of the Sciences (CP 1.180-202) in his "A Syllabus of Certain Topics in Logic" (1903), wherein his classificat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese%20analogue | Cheese analogues (more widely known as cheese alternatives) are products used as culinary replacements for cheese. They are usually products made by blending cheaper fats or proteins and used in convenience foods. The category includes vegan cheeses as well as some dairy-containing products that do not qualify as true cheeses, such as processed cheese. These foods may be intended as replacements for cheese, as with vegan products, or as imitations, as in the case of products used for salad bars and pizza-making, which are generally intended to be mistaken for real cheese, but have properties such as lower costs or different melting points that make them attractive to businesses.
Vegan cheese
Vegan cheese may be made from soybeans, rice, almonds, nutritional yeast and other non-dairy ingredients. It is aimed at vegans and others wanting to avoid animal products, for moral, environmental, religious or health reasons, including lactose intolerance or a desire to avoid cholesterol. Vegan cheeses may be lower in fat compared to dairy cheese, are cholesterol-free and are often a source of soy protein and isoflavones. Many have calcium added. Several brands melt similarly to dairy cheese, while others stay mostly firm, or melt only when grated.
Analogue pizza cheese
One variant of pasteurized processed cheese dairy products is, according to a hospitality industry source, designed to melt well on pizza, while remaining chewy; this has been described as "artificial cheesy substanc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrin%27s%20scheme | In numerical analysis, Estrin's scheme (after Gerald Estrin), also known as Estrin's method, is an algorithm for numerical evaluation of polynomials.
Horner's method for evaluation of polynomials is one of the most commonly used algorithms for this purpose, and unlike Estrin's scheme it is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the number of multiplications and additions required to evaluate an arbitrary polynomial. On a modern processor, instructions that do not depend on each other's results may run in parallel. Horner's method contains a series of multiplications and additions that each depend on the previous instruction and so cannot execute in parallel. Estrin's scheme is one method that attempts to overcome this serialization while still being reasonably close to optimal.
Description of the algorithm
Estrin's scheme operates recursively, converting a degree-n polynomial in x (for n≥2) to a degree- polynomial in x2 using independent operations (plus one to compute x2).
Given an arbitrary polynomial P(x) = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + ⋯ + Cnxn, one can group adjacent terms into sub-expressions of the form (A + Bx) and rewrite it as a polynomial in x2: P(x) = (C0 + C1x) + (C2 + C3x)x2 + (C4 + C5x)x4 + ⋯ = Q(x2).
Each of these sub-expressions, and x2, may be computed in parallel. They may also be evaluated using a native multiply–accumulate instruction on some architectures, an advantage that is shared with Horner's method.
This grouping can then be repeated to get a po |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%20Off%20%28video%20game%29 | Rip Off is a multidirectional shooter with black and white vector graphics written by Tim Skelly and released as an arcade video game by Cinematronics in 1980. It was the first shooter with cooperative gameplay and an early game to exhibit flocking behavior. A port for the Vectrex was published in 1982.
The objective of Rip Off is to prevent computer-controlled enemies from stealing eight canisters at the center of the screen. One or two players control tank-like vehicles while game-controlled "pirate" tanks rush onto the field and attempt to drag the canisters off the edge of the screen. Enemies can be defeated by shooting or colliding with them. The game speed and difficulty increase with each successive wave until all the canisters have been taken ("ripped off").
Gameplay
One or two players attempt to protect fuel canisters from groups of invading pirate tanks that appear from the edges of the screen. There are six styles of pirate tanks in the game worth 10 to 60 points each. The value of each style is determined by its speed and strategy. Low point value tanks are very slow and generally head directly for the fuel. Higher point tanks are much faster and may work together to lure a player to destruction.
Higher-level pirate tanks are armed with short-range lasers, while player tanks (at all levels) are equipped with a cannon. Invading tanks are destroyed when they are hit by a cannon shot or by a collision with a player's tank. There is no penalty to the player for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNK1D | Casein kinase I isoform delta also known as CKI-delta or CK1δ is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene CSNK1D, which is located on chromosome 17 (17q25.3). It is a member of the CK1 (formerly named casein kinase 1) family of serine/threonine specific eukaryotic protein kinases encompassing seven distinct isoforms (CK1α, γ1-3, δ, ε) as well as various post-transcriptionally processed splice variants (transcription variants, TVs) in mammalians. Meanwhile, CK1δ homologous proteins have been isolated from organisms like yeast, basidiomycetes, plants, algae, and protozoa.
Genetic coding
In 1993, the gene sequence of CK1δ was initially described by Graves et al. who isolated the cDNA from testicles of rats. After sequencing and characterization of the gene, the construct was described as a 1284 nucleotide sequence resulting in a protein consisting of 428 amino acids after transcription. The molecular weight of the according protein was published as 49 kDa. Three years later, the same gene was identified in humans. The human CSNK1D contains 1245 nucleotides and is transcribed into a protein consisting of 415 amino acids.
Ever since, CK1δ was investigated and described in various animals, plants, as well as parasites (Caenorhabditis elegans, 1998; Drosophila melanogaster, 1998; Mus musculus, 2002; Xenopus laevis, 2002.)
Transcriptional variants
So far, three different transcription variants (TVs) have been described for CK1δ in humans (Homo sapiens), mice (Mus muscul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonaut%3A%20The%20Resonance | is a Japanese anime television series directed by Manabu Ono and co-produced by Gonzo and Nihon Ad Systems (NAS). It was broadcast for 25 episodes on TV Tokyo from October 2007 to March 2008. An additional original video animation (OVA) episode was released in 2009. In North America, the series was licensed by Funimation.
A manga adaptation by Satoshi Kinoshita was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Jump Square from November 2007 to April 2008, with its six chapters collected in a single volume.
Plot
Twenty years prior to the story's beginning, an asteroid headed for Earth destroys Pluto. Due to Pluto's destruction, the asteroid, which is dubbed Thanatos, becomes temporarily stagnant in Pluto's orbit. Now, in order to avoid Earth's impending destruction, the International Solarsystem Development Agency (ISDA) works on the "D-Project", and secretly creates weapons called "Dragons" after finding a dragon egg under the ocean. However, they soon find out that the asteroid is not their only threat, as powerful, destructive dragons from Thanatos appear on Earth.
After witnessing what looks like a murder by a strange creature, Jin Kamishina, a lonely 18-year-old boy who lost his family in a shuttle accident two years ago, gets involved with the ISDA and their efforts to battle the dragons from Thanatos. Helping him is Toa, a mysterious girl who saves him from falling to his death after the creature attacks him. As they delve deeper into the mysteries of the dragons, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside%20the%20Robot%20Kingdom | Inside the Robot Kingdom: Japan, Mechatronics, and the Coming Robotopia is a 1988 book about robotics in Japan by Frederik L. Schodt. In 2011, it was also issued as an e-book for the Kindle, Nook, and iBookstore platforms, with a new cover designed by Raymond Larrett, added color photographs, and free-flowing, searchable text.
This book describes the fascination that Japan has had from the very beginning of acquiring technology, from the first visit by Commodore Matthew C. Perry in 1853 to Tokyo and the integration of technology into Japanese society, which they, according to the book, feel will strengthen and improve their society, economy and life in Japan and the world. They regard technology, according to the book, as a savior from dangerous and monotonous jobs that robots can be designed to do instead, freeing up the human labor force to do more worthwhile pursuits.
The book mentions Isaac Asimov's proposed Three Laws of Robotics, and also talks about the Japanese comic book character Astro Boy as examples of robotic integration into Japanese society.
Sociology books
Books about Japan
Robotics books
1988 non-fiction books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milepost%20equation | A milepost equation, milepoint equation, or postmile equation is a place where mileposts on a linear feature, such as a highway or rail line, fail to increase normally, usually due to realignment or changes in planned alignment. In order to make mileposts consistent with the real mileage, every milepost beyond the equation would need to be moved.
For example, an equation of 7.6 back = 9.2 ahead means that the feature does not have any section between mile 7.6 and mile 9.2, and the distance between mileposts 7 and 10 is only 1.4 miles. This would usually be caused by a relocation that shortened the distance by 1.6 miles. It is also possible for an equation to add mileage to what it would otherwise be; the duplicated mileposts receive a special prefix, such as Z.
See also
California postmile
References
Scales
Milestones |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobicom%20Corporation | Mobicom Corporation () is the largest mobile phone operator in Mongolia.
It was established as a joint Mongolian-Japanese venture on 18 March 1996, to be the first Mongolian cell phone service. It was founded by Newcom Group, Sumitomo, and KDDI. Mongolia's Newcom. In 2016 March, Mobicom was consolidated in KDDI Corporation Group and KDDI took majority share.
As of June, 2015, Mobicom holds over 33 percent of the mobile service market, with network coverage of 95 percent across the country, the widest range of coverage in Mongolia. It delivers its services through 64 branch units, 2,200 dealers and over 10,000 mobile sales points.
Aside from cellular communications, Mobicom also has services including international communications, Internet and satellite communications and wireless local loop or WLL. Its prepaid services are exclusively sold through Newtel LLC.
Mobicom introduced 3.5G networking in 2009, and provides HSPA.
Mobicom network support phones with UMTS 2100, HSDPA 2100, HSUPA 2100 or HSPA 2100 bands.
References
Telecommunications companies of Mongolia
Organizations based in Ulaanbaatar
Companies based in Ulaanbaatar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takashi%20Kondo%20%28footballer%29 | is a Japanese football player who plays for Nagano Parceiro.
Club statistics
Updated to end of 2018 season.
References
External links
Profile at Ehime FC
1992 births
Living people
Waseda University alumni
Association football people from Tokyo
Japanese men's footballers
J2 League players
J3 League players
Ehime FC players
Omiya Ardija players
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroacoustic%20phenomena | Electroacoustic phenomena arise when ultrasound propagates through a fluid containing ions. The associated particle motion generates electric signals because ions have electric charge. This coupling between ultrasound and electric field is called electroacoustic phenomena. The fluid might be a simple Newtonian liquid, or complex heterogeneous dispersion, emulsion or even a porous body. There are several different electroacoustic effects depending on the nature of the fluid.
Ion vibration current (IVI) and potential, an electric signal that arises when an acoustic wave propagates through a homogeneous fluid.
Streaming vibration current (SVI) and potential, an electric signal that arises when an acoustic wave propagates through a porous body in which the pores are filled with fluid.
Colloid vibration current (CVI) and potential, an electric signal that arises when ultrasound propagates through a heterogeneous fluid, such as a dispersion or emulsion.
Electric sonic amplitude (ESA), the inverse of the CVI effect, in which an acoustic field arises when an electric field propagates through a heterogeneous fluid.
Ion vibration current
Historically, the IVI was the first known electroacoustic effect. It was predicted by Debye in 1933.
Streaming vibration current
The streaming vibration current was experimentally observed in 1948 by Williams. A theoretical model was developed some 30 years later by Dukhin and others. This effect opens another possibility for characterizing the el |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propiconazole | Propiconazole is a triazole fungicide, also known as a DMI, or demethylation inhibiting fungicide due to its binding with and inhibiting the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme from demethylating a precursor to ergosterol. Without this demethylation step, the ergosterols are not incorporated into the growing fungal cell membranes, and cellular growth is stopped.
Agriculture
Propiconazole is used agriculturally as a systemic fungicide on turfgrasses grown for seed and aesthetic or athletic value, wheat, mushrooms, corn, wild rice, peanuts, almonds, sorghum, oats, pecans, apricots, peaches, nectarines, plums, prunes and lemons. It is also used in combination with permethrin in formulations of wood preserver. Propiconazole is a mixture of four stereoisomers and was first developed in 1979 by Janssen Pharmaceutica. Propiconazole exhibits strong anti-feeding properties against the keratin-digesting Australian carpet beetle Anthrenocerus australis.
References
External links
Non-CCA Wood Preservatives: Guide to Selected Resources - National Pesticide Information Center
Aromatase inhibitors
Fungicides
Lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors
Triazoles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%CE%BAB%20kinase | The IκB kinase (IkappaB kinase or IKK) is an enzyme complex that is involved in propagating the cellular response to inflammation, specifically the regulation of lymphocytes.
The IκB kinase enzyme complex is part of the upstream NF-κB signal transduction cascade. The IκBα (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B) protein inactivates the NF-κB transcription factor by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins and keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. Specifically, IKK phosphorylates the inhibitory IκBα protein. This phosphorylation results in the dissociation of IκBα from NF-κB. NF-κB, which is now free, migrates into the nucleus and activates the expression of at least 150 genes; some of which are anti-apoptotic.
Catalyzed reaction
In enzymology, an IκB kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
ATP + IκB protein ADP + IκB phosphoprotein
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and IκB protein, whereas its two products are ADP and IκB phosphoprotein.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in proteins (protein-serine/threonine kinases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[IκB protein] phosphotransferase.
Structure
The IκB kinase complex is composed of three subunits each encoded by a separate gene:
IKK-α (also known as IKK1) ()
IKK-β (also known as IKK2) ()
IKK-γ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septentrio | Septentrio N.V. is a designer and manufacturer of high-end multi-frequency GNSS receivers. Its main target is to provide GNSS receiver boards and modules for further system integration by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Septentrio's core technology is used in various professional fields such as land and airborne surveying, mobile mapping, machine control, precision agriculture, mining, transport, offshore applications, construction, timing and geodesy etc.
History
Septentrio N.V. was incorporated by Peter Grognard in Leuven, Belgium, in January 2000 to commercialize the Satellite Navigation know-how developed at the Interuniversity Micro Electronics Center, the largest independent microelectronics and nanotechnology R&D lab in Belgium. In 2007 Septentrio received the Trends Gazelle award for the fastest rate of growth among Belgian start-up companies.
Location
Septentrio's headquarters are located in Leuven, Belgium. Operations for North and Latin American are based in Torrance, CA and the Asian-Pacific operations are based in Shanghai and Yokohama.
Activities
Septentrio has an international team of experts, who cover all the fields of Satellite Navigation technology. The company designs its own chipsets, hardware, firmware and algorithms. Being a provider of high-end receivers for professional use, Septentrio prioritizes the reliability and precision of measurements as well as high degree of flexibility and user control. Septentrio’s products make use of APME, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchial%20thermoplasty | Bronchial thermoplasty is a treatment for severe asthma approved by the FDA in 2010 involving the delivery of controlled, therapeutic radiofrequency energy to the airway wall, thus heating the tissue and reducing the amount of smooth muscle present in the airway wall. This reduces the capacity of the immune system to cause bronchoconstriction through nitric oxide signalling, which is the main root cause of asthma symptoms. Bronchial thermoplasty is normally used to treat patients with severe persistent asthma who do not respond well to typical pharmacotherapy regimens.
Procedure
A full course of bronchial thermoplasty treatment includes three separate bronchoscopic procedures: one for the each lower lobe of the lung and another for both upper lobes. Each outpatient procedure is performed approximately three weeks apart.
Under sedation, a catheter inside a bronchoscope—a thin, flexible tube-like instrument introduced through the patient’s nose or mouth and into their lungs—delivers thermal energy into the airways. The patient is monitored after the procedure and usually returns home the day of the procedure or early the following day. The catheter delivers a series of 10-second temperature controlled bursts of radio frequency energy which heat the lining of the lungs to 65 degrees Celsius. It is this heat that destroys some of the muscle tissue which constricts during an asthma attack, reducing the number and severity of exacerbations.
Through a standard bronchoscopy proce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDN | NDN can mean:
NDN (gene), a gene found on chromosome 15 in humans and chromosome 7 in mice
Named data networking, a NSF-funded future internet architecture research project
New Democrat Network, an American think tank that promotes "centrist" Democratic candidates
Nigel Desmond Norman (1929–2002), British aircraft designer, his company NDN Aircraft, and their products:
NDN Firecracker, a single-engine aircraft designed as a military trainer
NDN Fieldmaster, a British agricultural aircraft of the 1980s
Shorthand spelling for Indian, a term that some Native Americans in the United States and some First Nations peoples in Canada use to refer to themselves
Necromancer's DOS Navigator, an orthodox file manager for DOS
Northern Distribution Network, part of NATO logistics in the Afghan War
Neodymium nitride, a chemical with the symbol NdN. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%CE%BAB%CE%B1 | IκBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha) is one member of a family of cellular proteins that function to inhibit the NF-κB transcription factor. IκBα inhibits NF-κB by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins and keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. In addition, IκBα blocks the ability of NF-κB transcription factors to bind to DNA, which is required for NF-κB's proper functioning.
Disease linkage
The gene encoding the IκBα protein is mutated in some Hodgkin's lymphoma cells; such mutations inactivate the IκBα protein, thus causing NF-κB to be chronically active in the lymphoma tumor cells and this activity contributes to the malignant state of these tumor cells.
Interactions
IκBα has been shown to interact with:
BTRC,
C22orf25,
CHUK,
DYNLL1,
G3BP2,
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1,
IKK2,
NFKB1,
P53,
RELA,
RPS6KA1,
SUMO4, and
Valosin-containing protein.
References
Further reading
External links
OMIM entries on Ectodermal Dysplasia, Anhidrotic, with T-cell Immunodeficiency
Transcription factors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Dragonaut%3A%20The%20Resonance%20episodes | Dragonaut: The Resonance is an anime series directed by Manabu Ono and produced by G.D.H., Konami, and Nihon Ad Systems, with the animation produced by Gonzo. A manga adaptation of the series, published by Shueisha, is serialized in the Japanese shōnen manga magazine Jump Square. The plot of the episodes follows Jin Kamishina and his adventures with the dragon Toa, and the conflict between the dragons of Earth and their pilots, known as the Dragonauts, and the extraterrestrial entity named Thanatos.
The episodes premiered in Japan on TV Tokyo between October 3, 2007, and March 26, 2008. The episodes were also broadcast on TV Aichi, TV Hokkaido, TV Osaka, TV Setouchi, AT-X, and TVQ Kyushu Broadcasting Co., although the episodes aired first on TV Tokyo. An OVA episode was produced after the television series was broadcast and is included in the DVD collections as a twenty-sixth episode. However, rather than being a continuation of the story from the television series, it is a stand-alone episode. Nine DVD compilations with consecutive monthly releases were released in Japan by Konami. The first of which was released on January 23, 2008, with the last volume being released on September 24, 2008.
Funimation Entertainment acquired the license to distribute the anime series in North America in 2009 and has subsequently released several DVD collections and also streams all episodes of the series online.
Episode list
Dragonaut: The Resonance (TV)
Dragonaut: The Resonance (OVA)
A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroecosystem%20analysis | Agroecosystem analysis is a thorough analysis of an agricultural environment which considers aspects from ecology, sociology, economics, and politics with equal weight. There are many aspects to consider; however, it is literally impossible to account for all of them. This is one of the issues when trying to conduct an analysis of an agricultural environment.
In the past, an agroecosystem analysis approach might be used to determine the sustainability of an agricultural system. It has become apparent, however, that the "sustainability" of the system depends heavily on the definition of sustainability chosen by the observer. Therefore, agroecosystem analysis is used to bring the richness of the true complexity of agricultural systems to an analysis to identify reconfigurations of the system (or holon) that will best suit individual situations.
Agroecosystem analysis is a tool of the multidisciplinary subject known as Agroecology. Agroecology and agroecosystem analysis are not the same as sustainable agriculture, though the use of agroecosystem analysis may help a farming system ensure its viability. Agroecosystem analysis is not a new practice, agriculturalists and farmers have been doing it since societies switched from hunting and gathering (hunter-gatherer) for food to settling in one area. Every time a person involved in agriculture evaluates their situation to identify methods to make the system function in a way that better suits their interests, they are performing an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent%20kinase%201 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 also known as CDK1 or cell division cycle protein 2 homolog is a highly conserved protein that functions as a serine/threonine protein kinase, and is a key player in cell cycle regulation. It has been highly studied in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, and the fission yeast S. pombe, where it is encoded by genes cdc28 and cdc2, respectively. With its cyclin partners, Cdk1 forms complexes that phosphorylate a variety of target substrates (over 75 have been identified in budding yeast); phosphorylation of these proteins leads to cell cycle progression.
Structure
Cdk1 is a small protein (approximately 34 kilodaltons), and is highly conserved. The human homolog of Cdk1, CDK1, shares approximately 63% amino-acid identity with its yeast homolog. Furthermore, human CDK1 is capable of rescuing fission yeast carrying a cdc2 mutation. Cdk1 is comprised mostly by the bare protein kinase motif, which other protein kinases share. Cdk1, like other kinases, contains a cleft in which ATP fits. Substrates of Cdk1 bind near the mouth of the cleft, and Cdk1 residues catalyze the covalent bonding of the γ-phosphate to the oxygen of the hydroxyl serine/threonine of the substrate.
In addition to this catalytic core, Cdk1, like other cyclin-dependent kinases, contains a T-loop, which, in the absence of an interacting cyclin, prevents substrate binding to the Cdk1 active site. Cdk1 also contains a PSTAIRE helix, which, upon cyclin binding, moves and rearranges the a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDKN1B | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) is an enzyme inhibitor that in humans is encoded by the CDKN1B gene. It encodes a protein which belongs to the Cip/Kip family of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor proteins. The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes, and thus controls the cell cycle progression at G1. It is often referred to as a cell cycle inhibitor protein because its major function is to stop or slow down the cell division cycle.
Function
The p27Kip1 gene has a DNA sequence similar to other members of the "Cip/Kip" family which include the p21Cip1/Waf1 and p57Kip2 genes. In addition to this structural similarity the "Cip/Kip" proteins share the functional characteristic of being able to bind several different classes of Cyclin and Cdk molecules. For example, p27Kip1 binds to cyclin D either alone, or when complexed to its catalytic subunit CDK4. In doing so p27Kip1 inhibits the catalytic activity of Cdk4, which means that it prevents Cdk4 from adding phosphate residues to its principal substrate, the retinoblastoma (pRb) protein. Increased levels of the p27Kip1 protein typically cause cells to arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Likewise, p27Kip1 is able to bind other Cdk proteins when complexed to cyclin subunits such as Cyclin E/Cdk2 and Cyclin A/Cdk2.
Regulation
In general, extracellular growth factors which promote cell division reduce transcription and translation of p27Kip1. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAC1 | Rac1, also known as Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein found in human cells. It is encoded by the RAC1 gene. This gene can produce a variety of alternatively spliced versions of the Rac1 protein, which appear to carry out different functions.
Function
Rac1 is a small (~21 kDa) signalling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of GLUT4 translocation to glucose uptake, cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, antimicrobial cytotoxicity, and the activation of protein kinases.
Rac1 is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, cell-cell adhesion, motility (through the actin network), and of epithelial differentiation (proposed to be necessary for maintaining epidermal stem cells).
Role in cancer
Along with other subfamily of Rac and Rho proteins, they exert an important regulatory role specifically in cell motility and cell growth. Rac1 has ubiquitous tissue expression, and drives cell motility by formation of lamellipodia. In order for cancer cells to grow and invade local and distant tissues, deregulation of cell motility is one of the hallmark events in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Overexpression of a constitutively active Rac1 V12 in mice caused a tumour that is phenotypically indistinguishable from human Kaposi's sarcoma. Acti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELA | Transcription factor p65 also known as nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene.
RELA, also known as p65, is a REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB heterodimer formation, nuclear translocation and activation . NF-κB is an essential transcription factor complex involved in all types of cellular processes, including cellular metabolism, chemotaxis, etc. Phosphorylation and acetylation of RELA are crucial post-translational modifications required for NF-κB activation. RELA has also been shown to modulate immune responses, and activation of RELA is positively associated with multiple types of cancer.
Gene and expression
RELA, or v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, is also known as p65 or NFKB3. It is located on chromosome 11 q13, and its nucleotide sequence is 1473 nucleotide long. RELA protein has four isoforms, the longest and the predominant one being 551 amino acids. RELA is expressed alongside p50 in various cell types, including epithelial/endothelial cells and neuronal tissues.
Structure
RELA is one member of the NF-κB family, one of the essential transcription factors under intensive study. Seven proteins encoded by five genes are involved in the NF-κB complex, namely p105, p100, p50, p52, RELA, c-REL and RELB. Like other proteins in this complex, RELA contains a N-terminal REL-homology domain (RHD), and also a C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD). RHD is involved in DNA binding, di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20football%20clubs%20in%20Georgia%20%28country%29 | This is a list of football (soccer) clubs in Georgia from 2023 season.
Erovnuli Liga
Crystalbet Erovnuli Liga 2023
Dila
Dinamo Batumi
Dinamo Tbilisi
FC Gagra
Saburtalo
Samgurali
FC Samtredia
Shukura
FC Telavi
Torpedo Kutaisi
Crystalbet Erovnuli Liga 2 2023
Dinamo-2 Tbilisi
Gareji
Kolkheti-1913
Locomotive
Merani Martvili
Merani Tbilisi
FC Rustavi
Sioni
FC Spaeri
WIT Georgia
Liga 3 2023
Aragvi
Borjomi
Bakhmaro
Dinamo Zugdidi
Gori
Guria
Irao
Kolkheti Khobi
Locomotive-2
Matchakhela
Merani-2 Tbilisi
Saburtalo-2
Shevardeni 1906
Shturmi
Tbilisi City
Varketili
Liga 4 2023
Algeti
Betlemi
Chikhura
Didube 2014
Gardabani
Gonio
Kolkheti-2 1913
Margveti 2006
Merani-2 Martvili
Meshakhte
Odishi 1919
Samgurali-2
Skuri
Sulori
Varketili-2
WIT Georgia-2
Zestafoni
Regionuli Liga 2023
Didube 2014
Iberia
Magaroeli
Samegrelo
Other clubs
FC Ameri Tbilisi
FC Lajangir United
FC Universiteti Kutaisi
FC Tbilisi Tbilisi
Spartaki Tbilisi
ASMC Sokhumi
FC Mertskhali Zugdidi founded in 1919.
Georgian European FC
Samgurali Tskhaltubo
F.K. Kobuleti
Abuli Akhalkalaki
FC Aisi Kutaisi
Amirani Ochamchire
FC Antsi Tbilisi
FC Zana Abasha
Armazi Mtskheta
Arsenali Tbilisi
Bakhmaro Chokhatauri
FC Betlemi Keda
Chela Darceli
Chkherimela Kharagauli
Chradjvari Tkibuli
Digomi Tbilisi
Dinamo Kutaisi
Durudji Kvareli
Egrisi Senaki
Gantiadi Dmanisi
FC Rkoni Kaspi
Garisi Tetritskaro
Giganti Laituri
Iberia Kareli
Imedi Laituri
Enguri G.E.S. Zugdidi
FC Iveri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrobutamine | Pyrrobutamine is an antihistamine and anticholinergic.
References
1-Pyrrolidinyl compounds
Alkene derivatives
Chloroarenes
H1 receptor antagonists
Muscarinic antagonists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivable%20Low%20Frequency%20Communications%20System | The AN/FRC-117 Survivable Low Frequency Communications System (SLFCS) was a communications system designed to be able to operate, albeit at low data transfer rates, during and after a nuclear attack.
The system used both very low frequency (VLF), and low frequency (LF) radio bands.
Mission
SLFCS was used for United States nuclear forces' command and control communications for Emergency Action Message dissemination and force direction. Single channel, receive only capability was provided at ICBM launch control centers. The single channel operated between 14 kHz and 60 kHz to receive commands from remotely located Combat Operations Center – Transmit/Receive (T/R) sites; this low frequency range is only slightly affected by nuclear blasts. For example, the Silver Creek site typically transmitted at 34.5 kHz. The transmitter could be tuned to any designated frequency in the above mentioned range. Receivers could receive down to 14.0 kHz.
SLFCS' primary advantage was that it would experience minimal radio signal degradation as a result of nuclear detonations. It would be an alternate means of communication during and after detonations, providing a survivable command and control communications network for the Strategic Air Command (SAC), the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), and North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). SLFCS would also relay signals from the Navy's LF/VLF systems.
Locations
Transmitters
Silver Creek, Nebraska (Detachment 1, 1st Aerospace Communicatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COROP | A COROP region is a division of the Netherlands for statistical purposes, used by Statistics Netherlands, among others. The Dutch abbreviation stands for (Coordination Commission Regional Research Programme). These divisions are also used in the EU designation as NUTS 3.
List of municipalities by COROP region
Northern Netherlands
Groningen province
Friesland province
Drenthe province
Eastern Netherlands
Overijssel province
Gelderland province
Flevoland province
Western Netherlands
Utrecht province
North Holland province
South Holland province
Zeeland province
Southern Netherlands
North Brabant province
Limburg province
See also
Indeling van Nederland in 40 COROP-gebieden per 01-01-2017 (kaart), website CBS
COROP-indeling per 01-01-2012 (kaart), website CBS
COROP-indeling per 01-01-2012 (tekst), website CBS
Subdivisions of the Netherlands
Netherlands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20layer%20%28surface%20science%29 | In surface science, a double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid. The object might be a solid particle, a gas bubble, a liquid droplet, or a porous body. The DL refers to two parallel layers of charge surrounding the object. The first layer, the surface charge (either positive or negative), consists of ions which are adsorbed onto the object due to chemical interactions. The second layer is composed of ions attracted to the surface charge via the Coulomb force, electrically screening the first layer. This second layer is loosely associated with the object. It is made of free ions that move in the fluid under the influence of electric attraction and thermal motion rather than being firmly anchored. It is thus called the "diffuse layer".
Interfacial DLs are most apparent in systems with a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, such as a colloid or porous bodies with particles or pores (respectively) on the scale of micrometres to nanometres. However, DLs are important to other phenomena, such as the electrochemical behaviour of electrodes.
DLs play a fundamental role in many everyday substances. For instance, homogenized milk exists only because fat droplets are covered with a DL that prevents their coagulation into butter. DLs exist in practically all heterogeneous fluid-based systems, such as blood, paint, ink and ceramic and cement slurry.
The DL is closely related to e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPC4AP | Trpc4-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC4AP gene.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of TRPC4AP function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Trpc4aptm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty five tests were carried out on mutant mice and three significant abnormalities were observed. Few homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and thus fewer than expected survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; females had an abnormal anagen phase of the hair cycle.
Interactions
TRPC4AP has been shown to interact with TNFRSF1A.
See also
TRPC
References
Ion channels
Genes mutated in mice |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAR-related%20orphan%20receptor%20alpha | RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα), also known as NR1F1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group F, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RORA gene. RORα participates in the transcriptional regulation of some genes involved in circadian rhythm. In mice, RORα is essential for development of cerebellum through direct regulation of genes expressed in Purkinje cells. It also plays an essential role in the development of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and mutant animals are ILC2 deficient. In addition, although present in normal numbers, the ILC3 and Th17 cells from RORα deficient mice are defective for cytokine production.
Discovery
The first three-human isoforms of RORα were initially cloned and characterized as nuclear receptors in 1994 by Giguère and colleagues, when their structure and function were first studied.
In the early 2000s, various studies demonstrated that RORα displays rhythmic patterns of expression in a circadian cycle in the liver, kidney, retina, and lung. Of interest, it was around this time that RORα abundance was found to be circadian in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. RORα is necessary for normal circadian rhythms in mice, demonstrating its importance in chronobiology.
Structure
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. In humans, 4 isoforms of RORα have been identified, which are generated via alternative splicing and promoter usage, and exhibit differe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPC1L1 | Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a protein found on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells as well as in hepatocytes. Specifically, it appears to bind to a critical mediator of cholesterol absorption.
The drug ezetimibe inhibits NPC1L1 causing a reduction in cholesterol absorption, resulting in a blood cholesterol reduction of between 15-20%. Polymorphic variations in NPC1L1 gene could be associated with non-response to ezetimibe treatment.
NPC1L1 has been shown to be an accessory receptor for hepatitis C virus entry into cells, and thus ezetimibe might be used as a therapeutic strategy.
As cancer appeared more frequently in patients treated with simvastatin-ezetimibe combination therapy in one clinical trial, it had been hypothesized that NPC1L1 by ezetimibe might be associated with an increase cancer risk. However a meta-analysis of ezetimibe clinical data showed no increased risk of cancer from treatment with ezetimibe.
References
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncompensated%20risk | In investments, uncompensated risk is the level of additional risk for which no additional returns are generated and when taking systematic withdrawals make the probability of failure unacceptably high. Uncompensated risk is reduced by diversifying investment.
References
Investment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfentrazone | Sulfentrazone is the ISO common name for an organic compound used as a broad-spectrum herbicide. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase. It was first marketed in the US in 1997 by FMC Corporation with the brand name Authority.
History
In 1985, scientists at FMC Corporation filed patents on a new class of herbicides containing a triazolinone ring. Sulfentrazone was subsequently developed for market under the code number F6285, with first sales in 1991 and achieving registration in the US in 1997, branded Authority. Other compounds now in the triazolinone class include amicarbazone and carfentrazone.
Mechanism of action
The effects visible on whole plants are chlorosis and desiccation caused by the inhibition of the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which leads to an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the plant cells. This is a potent photosensitizer which activates oxygen, leading to lipid peroxidation. Both light and oxygen are required for this process to kill the plant.
Usage
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) and the Pesticide Registration Improvement Act (PRIA). A pesticide can only be used legally according to the directions on the label that is included at the time of the sale of the pesticide. The purpose of the label is "to provide clear directions for effective |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNK1E | Casein kinase I isoform epsilon is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CSNK1E gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a member of the casein kinase I protein family, whose members have been implicated in the control of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, including DNA replication and repair. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm as a monomer and can phosphorylate a variety of proteins, including itself. This protein has been shown to phosphorylate proteins of the Period family of circadian rhythm proteins. A homolog of this mammalian protein can be found in Drosophila melanogaster. Known as doubletime, this protein also plays a role in the phosphorylation of proteins involved in circadian rhythms. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Interactions
CSNK1E has been shown to interact with PER1 and AXIN1.
Inhibitors
Selective
PF-4800567
Non-selective
PF-670462 (also inhibits CK1-δ)
See also
Casein kinase 1 isoform epsilon
Casein kinase 1 family
References
External links
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Casein kinase I isoform epsilon (CSNK1E)
Enzymes
Genes
Human proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period%20circadian%20protein%20homolog%201 | Period circadian protein homolog 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the PER1 gene.
Function
The PER1 protein is important to the maintenance of circadian rhythms in cells, and may also play a role in the development of cancer. This gene is a member of the period family of genes. It is expressed with a daily oscillating circadian rhythm, or an oscillation that cycles with a period of approximately 24 hours. PER1 is most notably expressed in the region of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. PER1 is also expressed throughout mammalian peripheral tissues. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. Circadian expression of PER1 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus will free-run in constant darkness, meaning that the 24-hour period of the cycle will persist without the aid of external light cues. Subsequently, a shift in the light/dark cycle evokes a proportional shift of gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The time of gene expression is sensitive to light, as light during a mammal's subjective night results in a sudden increase in per expression and thus a shift in phase in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Alternative splicing has been observed in this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described. There is some disagreement between experts over the occurrence of polymorphisms with functional significance. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK14 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, also called p38-α, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK14 gene.
MAPK14 encodes p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) which is the prototypic member of the p38 MAPK family. p38 MAPKs are also known as stress-activated serine/threonine-specific kinases (SAPKs). In addition to MAPK14 for p38α MAPK, the p38 MAPK family has three additional members, including MAPK11, MAPK12 and MAPK13 which encodes p38β MAPK, p38γ MAPK and p38δ MAPK isoforms, respectively. p38α MAPK was originally identified as a tyrosine phosphorylated protein detected in activated immune cell macrophages with an essential role in inflammatory cytokine induction, such as Tumor Necrotic Factor α (TNFα). However, p38α MAPK mediated kinase activity has been implicated in many tissues beyond immune systems. p38α MAPK is mainly activated through MAPK kinase kinase cascades and exerts its biological function via downstream substrate phosphorylation. p38α MAPK is implicated in diverse cellular functions, from gene expression to programmed cell death through a network of signaling molecules and transcription factors. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of p38α MAPK not only revealed its biological significance in physiological function but also the potential of targeting p38α MAPK in human disease such as immune disorders and heart failure.
Structure
MAPK14 is a 41 kDa protein composed of 360 amino acids.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPM7 | Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7, also known as TRPM7, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name.
Function
TRPs, mammalian homologs of the Drosophila transient receptor potential (trp) protein, are ion channels that are thought to mediate capacitative calcium entry into the cell. TRP-PLIK is a protein that is both an ion channel and a kinase. As a channel, it conducts calcium and monovalent cations to depolarize cells and increase intracellular calcium. As a kinase, it is capable of phosphorylating itself and other substrates. The kinase activity is necessary for channel function, as shown by its dependence on intracellular ATP and by the kinase mutants.
Interactions
TRPM7 has been shown to interact with PLCB1 and PLCB2.
Clinical relevance
Defects in this gene have been associated with magnesium deficiency in human microvascular endothelial cells.
See also
TRPM
References
Further reading
External links
Ion channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV5 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 is a calcium channel protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPV5 gene.
Function
The TRPV5 gene is a member of the transient receptor family and the TRPV subfamily. The calcium-selective channel, TRPV5, encoded by this gene has 6 transmembrane-spanning domains, multiple potential phosphorylation sites, an N-linked glycosylation site, and 5 ANK repeats. This protein forms homotetramers or heterotetramers and is activated by a low internal calcium level.
Both TRPV5 and TRPV6 are expressed in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. TRPV5 is mainly expressed in kidney epithelial cells, where it plays an important role in the reabsorption of Ca2+, whereas TRPV6 is mainly expressed in the intestine. The enzyme α-klotho increases kidney calcium reabsorption by stabilizing TPRV5. Klotho is a beta-glucuronidase-like enzyme that activates TRPV5 by removal of sialic acid.
Clinical significance
Normally, about 95% to 98% of Ca2+ filtered from the blood by the kidney is reabsorbed by the kidney's renal tubule, mediated by TRPV5. Genetic deletion of TRPV5 in mice leads to Ca2+ loss in the urine, and consequential hyperparathyroidism, and bone loss.
Inhibitors
Econazole is a weak inhibitor of both TRPV5 and TRPV6, with an IC50 in the micromolar range
ZINC17988990 is a potent and selective inhibitor of TRPV5, with an IC50 of 177nM and good selectivity over TRPV6 and the other TRPV channel subtypes.
Interactions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rev-ErbA%20beta | Rev-Erb beta (Rev-Erbβ), also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2 (NR1D2), is a member of the Rev-Erb protein family. Rev-Erbβ, like Rev-Erbα, belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and can modulate gene expression through binding to gene promoters. Together with Rev-Erbα, Rev-Erbβ functions as a major regulator of the circadian clock. These two proteins are partially redundant. Current research suggests that Rev-Erbβ is less important in maintaining the circadian clock than Rev-Erbα; knock-out studies of Rev-Erbα result in significant circadian disruption but the same has not been found with Rev-Erbβ. Rev-Erbβ compensation for Rev-Erbα varies across tissues, and further research is needed to elucidate the separate role of Rev-Erbβ.
This gene is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, spleen, mandibular maxillary processes, and blood islands. Rev-Erbβ plays a major role in the conduction of inductive signals to aid in controlling differentiating neurons.
Discovery
Rev-Erbβ was discovered in 1994, when B. Dumas et al. isolated its cDNA, naming the new receptor BD73. The name Rev-Erbβ was coined a few months later in a paper by Eva Enmark, Tommi Kainu, Markku Tapio Pelto-Huikko, and Jan Ǻke Gustafsson where they isolated Rev-Erb alpha cDNA in a rat brain.
A new isoform of Rev-Erbβ, named Rev-Erbβ 2, was discovered using rat cDNA a few months later in 1995 by N. Giambiagi and colleagues. They found it to be id |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHRL-FM | {{Infobox radio station
| logo =
| name = CHRL-FM
| airdate =
| frequency = 99.5 MHz (FM)
| city = Roberval, Quebec
| format = Adult Contemporary
| owner = Cogeco
| erp = 50,000 watts
| branding = Planète 99,5
| class = B
| sister_stations = CFGT-FM, CHVD-FM, CKXO-FM, CKYK-FM
| website = www.roberval.planeteradio.ca
| affiliations =
| callsign_meaning = C H RobervaL
}}CHRL-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Roberval, Quebec.
Owned and operated by Cogeco following its 2018 acquisition of most of the stations formerly owned by RNC Media, it broadcasts on 99.5 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 15,031 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 50,000 watts (class B).
The station has an adult contemporary music format branded as Planète 99,5'''.
CHRL was launched as an AM radio station, broadcasting on 910 kHz, in 1949. It received the authorization from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in September 2001 to convert to its current FM frequency, and shut down the AM transmitter a few months later in 2002.
References
External links
Planète 99,5
Hrl
Hrl
Hrl
Roberval, Quebec
Radio stations established in 1949
1949 establishments in Quebec
hrl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meclofenamic%20acid | Meclofenamic acid (used as meclofenamate sodium, brand name Meclomen) is a drug used for joint, muscular pain, arthritis and dysmenorrhea.
It is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives (or fenamate) class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and was approved by the US FDA in 1980. Like other members of the class, it is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, preventing the formation of prostaglandins.
Scientists led by Claude Winder from Parke-Davis invented meclofenamate sodium in 1964, along with fellow members of the class, mefenamic acid in 1961 and flufenamic acid in 1963.
Patents on the drug expired in 1985 and several generics were introduced in the US, but as of July 2015 only Mylan still sold it.
It is not widely used in humans as it has a high rate (30-60%) rate of gastrointestinal side effects.
Adverse effects
In October 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the drug label to be updated for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications to describe the risk of kidney problems in unborn babies that result in low amniotic fluid. They recommend avoiding NSAIDs in pregnant women at 20 weeks or later in pregnancy.
Use in horses
Meclofenamic acid is sold under the trade name "Arquel" for use in horses, and is administered as an oral granule form at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg/day. It has a relatively slow onset of action, taking 36–48 hours for full effect, and is most useful for treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disease. It has been fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendazac | Bendazac (or bendazolic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for joint and muscular pain.
Synthesis
Principal action is inhibition of protein denaturation.
Use of chloroacetamide in the alkylation step, followed by acid hydrolysis produces bendazac (instead of benzydamine).
See also
Benzydamine
References
Hepatotoxins
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mofebutazone | Mofebutazone (or monophenylbutazone) is a drug used for joint and muscular pain. It is a 3,5-pyrazolinedione derivative.
The drug binds to plasma albumin and competes with drugs such as coumarin anticoagulants, indomethacin and glucocorticoids.
References
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Pyrazolidindiones |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CG%20suppression | CG suppression is a term for the phenomenon that CG dinucleotides are very uncommon in most portions of vertebrate genomes.
In adult somatic tissues, cytosine residues may be methylated, and this occurs almost exclusively within a symmetric CpG context. Methylated C residues spontaneously deaminate to form T residues; hence CpG dinucleotides steadily mutate to TpG dinucleotides, which gives rise to the under-representation of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome (they occur at only 21% of the expected frequency). (On the other hand, spontaneous deamination of unmethylated C residues gives rise to U residues, a mutation that is quickly recognized and repaired by the cell).
In human and mouse, CGs are the least frequent dinucleotide, making up less than 1% of all dinucleotides. GCs are the second most infrequent, making up more than 4% of all dinucleotides, so CGs are more than fourfold less frequent than all other dinucleotides.
See also
CpG island
References
Genomics techniques |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigendecomposition%20of%20a%20matrix | In linear algebra, eigendecomposition is the factorization of a matrix into a canonical form, whereby the matrix is represented in terms of its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Only diagonalizable matrices can be factorized in this way. When the matrix being factorized is a normal or real symmetric matrix, the decomposition is called "spectral decomposition", derived from the spectral theorem.
Fundamental theory of matrix eigenvectors and eigenvalues
A (nonzero) vector of dimension is an eigenvector of a square matrix if it satisfies a linear equation of the form
for some scalar . Then is called the eigenvalue corresponding to . Geometrically speaking, the eigenvectors of are the vectors that merely elongates or shrinks, and the amount that they elongate/shrink by is the eigenvalue. The above equation is called the eigenvalue equation or the eigenvalue problem.
This yields an equation for the eigenvalues
We call the characteristic polynomial, and the equation, called the characteristic equation, is an th order polynomial equation in the unknown . This equation will have distinct solutions, where . The set of solutions, that is, the eigenvalues, is called the spectrum of .
If the field of scalars is algebraically closed, then we can factor as
The integer is termed the algebraic multiplicity of eigenvalue . The algebraic multiplicities sum to :
For each eigenvalue , we have a specific eigenvalue equation
There will be linearly independent solutions to each |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid%20nodule | Thyroid nodules are nodules (raised areas of tissue or fluid) which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. They may be hyperplastic or tumorous, but only a small percentage of thyroid tumors are malignant. Small, asymptomatic nodules are common, and often go unnoticed. Nodules that grow larger or produce symptoms may eventually need medical care. A goitre may have one nodule – uninodular, multiple nodules – multinodular, or be diffuse.
Signs and symptoms
Often these abnormal growths of thyroid tissue are located at the edge of the thyroid gland and can be felt as a lump in the throat. When they are large, they can sometimes be seen as a lump in the front of the neck.
Sometimes a thyroid nodule presents as a fluid-filled cavity called a thyroid cyst. Often, solid components are mixed with the fluid. Thyroid cysts most commonly result from degenerating thyroid adenomas, which are benign, but they occasionally contain malignant solid components.
Diagnosis
After a nodule is found during a physical examination, a referral to an endocrinologist, a thyroidologist or otolaryngologist may occur. Most commonly an ultrasound is performed to confirm the presence of a nodule, and assess the status of the whole gland. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis present, a known cause of a benign nodular goitre. Fine needle biopsy for cytopathology is al |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiodiffusion%20Television%20Ivoirienne | Radiodiffusion-Télévision ivoirienne (RTI) is the publicly owned radio and television authority of Côte d'Ivoire. It is financed through a combination of television and radio licences, advertisements, and taxes.
History
The RTI Group (Groupe RTI) is an Ivorian public limited company with a capital of six billion CFA francs, created on October 26, 1962. It is a public body for the design of radio and audiovisual content, financed by royalties, advertising and subsidies. of State. Placed under the supervision of the Ministry of Communication, the RTI has a board of directors chaired by Aka Sayé Lazare. Journalist Fausséni Dembélé, known as “Al Séni Dembelé” has been the current Managing Director since his appointment in February 2019.
Born from the will of the President of the Republic Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960-1993), who wanted to make it an instrument of development at the service of the populations, the RTI originally broadcast only 5 h 30 min of weekly radio programs . It only had a single 10 kW transmitter installed in Abidjan, in the town of Abobo, and a 47 m2 studio in the town of Plateau, its current headquarters.
It was four years later, on August 4, 1966, that the Maison de la Télévision was inaugurated in Cocody, equipped with two studios of 100m2 and 400m2 and state-of-the-art technical equipment of the time.
In 1973, television switched to color. The effort to cover the territory, undertaken seven years earlier, materialized with the opening of a television |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA76 | In molecular biology, SNORA76 (also known as ACA62) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) which modifies other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). It is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines.
This snoRNA was identified by computational screening and its expression in mouse experimentally verified
by Northern blot and primer extension analysis. ACA62 is proposed to guide the pseudouridylation of 18S rRNA U34
and U105.
References
External links
Non-coding RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrokinetic%20phenomena | Electrokinetic phenomena are a family of several different effects that occur in heterogeneous fluids, or in porous bodies filled with fluid, or in a fast flow over a flat surface. The term heterogeneous here means a fluid containing particles. Particles can be solid, liquid or gas bubbles with sizes on the scale of a micrometer or nanometer. There is a common source of all these effects—the so-called interfacial 'double layer' of charges. Influence of an external force on the diffuse layer generates tangential motion of a fluid with respect to an adjacent charged surface. This force might be electric, pressure gradient, concentration gradient, or gravity. In addition, the moving phase might be either continuous fluid or dispersed phase.
Family
Various combinations of the driving force and moving phase determine various electrokinetic effects. According to J.Lyklema, the complete family of electrokinetic phenomena includes:
electrophoresis, as motion of particles under influence of electric field;
electro-osmosis, as motion of liquid in porous body under influence of electric field;
diffusiophoresis, as motion of particles under influence of a chemical potential gradient;
capillary osmosis, as motion of liquid in porous body under influence of the chemical potential gradient;
sedimentation potential, as electric field generated by sedimenting colloid particles;
streaming potential/current, as either electric potential or current generated by fluid moving through porou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Ballroom%20%28Portland%2C%20Oregon%29 | Crystal Ballroom, originally built as Cotillion Hall, is a historic building on Burnside Street in Portland, Oregon, United States. Cotillion Hall was built in 1914 as a ballroom, and dance revivals were held there through the Great Depression. Starting in the 1960s, the hall has also been host to many popular pop, rock, folk, blues and jazz artists, as well as beat poetry and other entertainment.
History
What is now known as the Crystal Ballroom was constructed in 1913–1914 and opened in early 1914, as Ringler's Cotillion Hall.
Originally owned by Montrose Ringler, the ballroom fell victim to heavy persecution of jazz and dance and Ringler lost the ballroom in the early 1920s. The ballroom was bought by Dad Watson in the mid-1920s, and largely held square dances during that period. After Watson's death in the 1930s, Ralph Farrier bought the ballroom and renamed it the Crystal Ballroom. He continued in Watson's footsteps, holding square dances through the 1950s.
In the early 1960s, due to flagging revenues, new acts were brought in, such as gypsy brass bands and R&B performers, such as James Brown, Marvin Gaye, and Ike & Tina Turner.
In 1967, largely psychedelic acts such as the Grateful Dead, Blue Cheer, and The Electric Prunes performed in the ballroom. This was cut short in 1968, due to concerns about what such music was doing to the youth of Portland.
From the 1970s through the mid-1990s, the ballroom was not used for any public events. It became a residence for squ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Erd%C5%91s%20conjecture | In combinatorics, the Cameron–Erdős conjecture (now a theorem) is the statement that the number of sum-free sets contained in is
The sum of two odd numbers is even, so a set of odd numbers is always sum-free. There are odd numbers in [N ], and so subsets of odd numbers in [N ]. The Cameron–Erdős conjecture says that this counts a constant proportion of the sum-free sets.
The conjecture was stated by Peter Cameron and Paul Erdős in 1988. It was proved by Ben Green and independently by Alexander Sapozhenko in 2003.
See also
Erdős conjecture
Notes
Additive number theory
Combinatorics
Theorems in discrete mathematics
Paul Erdős
Conjectures that have been proved |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20divisibility%20%28probability%29 | In probability theory, a probability distribution is infinitely divisible if it can be expressed as the probability distribution of the sum of an arbitrary number of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables. The characteristic function of any infinitely divisible distribution is then called an infinitely divisible characteristic function.
More rigorously, the probability distribution F is infinitely divisible if, for every positive integer n, there exist n i.i.d. random variables Xn1, ..., Xnn whose sum Sn = Xn1 + … + Xnn has the same distribution F.
The concept of infinite divisibility of probability distributions was introduced in 1929 by Bruno de Finetti. This type of decomposition of a distribution is used in probability and statistics to find families of probability distributions that might be natural choices for certain models or applications. Infinitely divisible distributions play an important role in probability theory in the context of limit theorems.
Examples
Examples of continuous distributions that are infinitely divisible are the normal distribution, the Cauchy distribution, the Lévy distribution, and all other members of the stable distribution family, as well as the Gamma distribution, the chi-square distribution, the Wald distribution, the Log-normal distribution and the Student's t-distribution.
Among the discrete distributions, examples are the Poisson distribution and the negative binomial distribution (and hence the geometric |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Ballroom | Crystal Ballroom is a name associated with various buildings and ballrooms worldwide, including:
Crystal Ballroom (Portland, Oregon), a historic building in Portland, Oregon, United States
Crystal Ballroom (Melbourne), a music venue in Australia
The ballroom of the Rice Hotel in Houston, Texas, United States
The ballroom of the Empress Hotel in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
The former ballroom of Crystal Beach Park in Crystal Beach, Ontario
Live at the Crystal Ballroom is a live DVD by The Black Keys, filmed in the Portland, Oregon Crystal Ballroom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flufenamic%20acid | Flufenamic acid (FFA) is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives (or fenamate) class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Like other members of the class, it is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, preventing the formation of prostaglandins. FFA is known to bind to and reduce the activity of prostaglandin F synthase and activate TRPC6.
It is not widely used in humans as it has a high rate (30–60%) of gastrointestinal side effects. It is generally not available in the US. It is available in some Asian and European countries as a generic drug.
Scientists led by Claude Winder from Parke-Davis invented FFA in 1963, along with fellow members of the class, mefenamic acid in 1961 and meclofenamic acid in 1964.
Although flufenamic acid was at one time informally referred to as "Fluffy" (see history cache), this pet name could also refer to flufenoxine.
References
Anthranilic acids
Trifluoromethyl compounds
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
NMDA receptor antagonists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alminoprofen | Alminoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
References
Anilines
Propionic acids
Alkene derivatives |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxicam | Oxicam is a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), meaning that they have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic therapeutic effects. Oxicams bind closely to plasma proteins. Most oxicams are unselective inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The exception is meloxicam with a slight (10:1) preference for COX-2, which, however, is only clinically relevant at low doses.
The most popular drug of the oxicam class is piroxicam. Other examples include: ampiroxicam, droxicam, pivoxicam, tenoxicam, lornoxicam, and meloxicam.
Isoxicam has been suspended as a result of fatal skin reactions.
Chemistry
The physico-chemical characteristics of these molecules vary greatly depending upon the environment.
In contrast to most other NSAIDs, oxicams are not carboxylic acids. They are tautomeric, and can exist as a number of tautomers (keto-enol tautomerism), here exemplified by piroxicam:
Side effects
The oxicams are associated with drug-related erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This association is one of the reasons oxicams are not regularly prescribed.
References
Dermatoxins
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Sultams |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desoxymethyltestosterone | Desoxymethyltestosterone (DMT), known by the nicknames Madol and Pheraplex, is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-methylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which was never marketed for medical use. It was one of the first designer steroids to be marketed as a performance-enhancing drug to athletes and bodybuilders.
Desoxymethyltestosterone is sometimes abbreviated as DMT, though it should not be confused with the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine, which is also known by the same acronym.
Side effects
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
In animal studies, desoxymethyltestosterone has been found to bind to the androgen receptor (AR) about half as strongly as DHT, and to cause side effects that are typical of 17α-alkylated AAS, such as liver damage and left ventricular hypertrophy when taken in higher doses.
Desoxymethyltestosterone is unusual in that it is structurally a 2-ene compound, lacking the 3-keto group present in almost all commercial AAS (with ethylestrenol being a rare and notable exception). This does not mean it is a weak compound, and clinical research has determined that it is a fairly potent oral agent. Rat studies indicate that desoxymethyltestosterone has an anabolic effect 160% that of testosterone while being only 60% as androgenic, giving it a Q ratio of 6.5:1. Because of this favorable ratio, experiments in orchiectomized rats have demonstrated that treatment with desoxymethyltestosterone resulted only in a stim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland%20Cavaliers%20all-time%20roster | The following is a list of players, both past and current, who appeared at least in one game for the Cleveland Cavaliers NBA franchise.
Players
Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the season.
A to B
|-
|align="left"| || align="center"|F || align="left"|Louisville || align="center"|1 || align="center"| || 19 || 194 || 19 || 5 || 32 || 10.2 || 1.0 || 0.3 || 1.7 || align=center|
|-
|align="left"| || align="center"|F || align="left"|South Florida || align="center"|1 || align="center"| || 7 || 43 || 12 || 1 || 17 || 6.1 || 1.7 || 0.1 || 2.4 || align=center|
|-
|align="left" bgcolor="#FBCEB1"|* || align="center"|C || align="left"|Texas || align="center"|3 || align="center"|– || 175 || 5,574 || 1,774 || 291 || 2,545 || 31.9 || 10.1 || 1.7 || 14.5 || align=center|
|-
|align="left"| || align="center"|C || align="left"|Weber State || align="center"|1 || align="center"| || 3 || 10 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 3.3 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 1.0 || align=center|
|-
|align="left"| || align="center"|F/C || align="left"|Penn State || align="center"|1 || align="center"| || 28 || 357 || 52 || 9 || 77 || 12.8 || 1.9 || 0.3 || 2.8 || align=center|
|-
|align="left"| || align="center"|F/C || align="left"|UNLV || align="center"|1 || align="center"| || 12 || 79 || 20 || 5 || 11 || 6.6 || 1.7 || 0.4 || 0.9 || align=center|
|-
|align="left"| || align="center"|F/C || align="left"|Blinn || align="center"|1 || align="center"| || 12 || 114 || 31 || 5 || 28 || 9.5 || 2.6 || 0.4 || 2.3 || align=center|
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville%20West | Nashville West was a short-lived American country rock quartet, that was briefly together in the late 1960s. The group comprised multi-instrumentalist Gene Parsons, guitarist Clarence White, singer-guitarist-fiddler Gib Guilbeau and bassist Wayne Moore. Parsons and White left the band to join The Byrds while Guilbeau and Parsons later joined the Flying Burrito Brothers.
Along with the International Submarine Band, The Byrds and The Flying Burrito Brothers, Nashville West was among the pioneering groups of the country rock genre.
An album by Nashville West was released in 1978, about ten years after the band had broken up. The material on the Nashville West album was recorded during a club date in 1968.
The album was released again 2003 on Rev-ola, a division of Cherry Red Records.
History
Formation
In the mid-1960s, Gene Parsons and fiddler Gib Guilbeau, who had been earlier acquainted from their time together in a band called the Castaways, were hired for a recording session with the Gosdin Brothers' singing duo of Vern and Rex Gosdin. The session, being produced by The Byrds' Chris Hillman, included guitarist Clarence White, who had formerly played bluegrass guitar in the Kentucky Colonels. Parsons, Guilbeau and White then went on to play on sessions together for several other country music artists and became the house band for Gary S. Paxton's record label, Bakersfield International Productions.
In the course of their session work, Parsons and White devised the B-Bend |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCGM | PCGM may refer to:
Political correctness gone mad
Preconditioned conjugate gradient method
Pacific Coast Gravity Meeting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mefenorex | Mefenorex (Rondimen, Pondinil, Anexate) is a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant. It is an amphetamine derivative which was developed in the 1970s and used for the treatment of obesity. Mefenorex produces amphetamine as a metabolite, and has been withdrawn in many countries despite having only mild stimulant effects and relatively little abuse potential.
References
Substituted amphetamines
Organochlorides
Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents
Prodrugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfetaminil | Amfetaminil (also known as amphetaminil, N-cyanobenzylamphetamine, and AN-1; brand name Aponeuron) is a stimulant drug derived from amphetamine, which was developed in the 1970s and used for the treatment of obesity, ADHD, and narcolepsy. It has largely been withdrawn from clinical use following problems with abuse. The drug is a prodrug to amphetamine.
Stereochemistry
Amfetaminil is a molecule with two stereogenic centers. Thus, four different stereoisomers exist:
(R)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-08-4)
(S)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-12-0)
(R)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-10-8)
(S)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-14-2)
Synthesis
Schiff base formation between amphetamine (1) and benzaldehyde (2) gives benzalamphetamine [2980-02-1] (3). Nucleophilic attack of cyanide anion on the imine (c.f. Strecker reaction) gives amfetaminil (3). Finally, reaction with nitrous acid gives (5). The rearrangement to a Sydnone then occurs to give CID:88166659 (6). Feprosidnine is sans the phenyl group.
References
Substituted amphetamines
Nitriles
Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents
Prodrugs
World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance%20inflation%20factor | In statistics, the variance inflation factor (VIF) is the ratio (quotient) of the variance of estimating some parameter in a model that includes multiple other terms (parameters) by the variance of a model constructed using only one term. It quantifies the severity of multicollinearity in an ordinary least squares regression analysis. It provides an index that measures how much the variance (the square of the estimate's standard deviation) of an estimated regression coefficient is increased because of collinearity. Cuthbert Daniel claims to have invented the concept behind the variance inflation factor, but did not come up with the name.
Definition
Consider the following linear model with k independent variables:
Y = β0 + β1 X1 + β2 X 2 + ... + βk Xk + ε.
The standard error of the estimate of βj is the square root of the j + 1 diagonal element of s2(X′X)−1, where s is the root mean squared error (RMSE) (note that RMSE2 is a consistent estimator of the true variance of the error term, ); X is the regression design matrix — a matrix such that Xi, j+1 is the value of the jth independent variable for the ith case or observation, and such that Xi,1, the predictor vector associated with the intercept term, equals 1 for all i. It turns out that the square of this standard error, the estimated variance of the estimate of βj, can be equivalently expressed as:
where Rj2 is the multiple R2 for the regression of Xj on the other covariates (a regression that does not involve the resp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Campbell%20%28English%20footballer%29 | James Campbell was a professional footballer who made one appearance in the Football League as a goalkeeper while on trial with Huddersfield Town.
Career statistics
References
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
English Football League players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from Greater London |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20balance | In fluid mechanics, a shell balance can be used to determine how fluid velocity changes across a flow.
A shell is a differential element of the flow. By looking at the momentum and forces on one small portion, it is possible to integrate over the flow to see the larger picture of the flow as a whole. The balance is determining what goes into and out of the shell. Momentum is created within the shell through fluid entering and leaving the shell and by shear stress. In addition, there are pressure and gravitational forces on the shell. The goal of a shell balance is to determine the velocity profile of the flow. The velocity profile is an equation to calculate the velocity based on a specific location in the flow. From this, it is possible to find a velocity for any point across the flow.
Applications
Shell Balances can be used in many situations. For example, flow in a pipe, the flow of multiple fluids around each other, or flow due to pressure difference. Although terms in the shell balance and boundary conditions will change, the basic set up and process is the same.
Requirements for Shell Balance Calculations
The fluid must exhibit:
Laminar flow
No bends or curves
Steady state
Two boundary conditions
Boundary Conditions are used to find constants of integration.
Fluid - Solid Boundary: No-slip condition, the velocity of a liquid at a solid is equal to the velocity of the solid.
Liquid - Gas Boundary: Shear stress = 0.
Liquid - Liquid Boundary: Equal velocity and sh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least-squares%20spectral%20analysis | Least-squares spectral analysis (LSSA) is a method of estimating a frequency spectrum based on a least-squares fit of sinusoids to data samples, similar to Fourier analysis. Fourier analysis, the most used spectral method in science, generally boosts long-periodic noise in the long and gapped records; LSSA mitigates such problems. Unlike in Fourier analysis, data need not be equally spaced to use LSSA.
Developed in 1969 and 1971, LSSA is also known as the Vaníček method and the Gauss-Vaniček method after Petr Vaníček, and as the Lomb method or the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, based on the simplifications first by Nicholas R. Lomb and then by Jeffrey D. Scargle.
Historical background
The close connections between Fourier analysis, the periodogram, and the least-squares fitting of sinusoids have been known for a long time.
However, most developments are restricted to complete data sets of equally spaced samples. In 1963, Freek J. M. Barning of Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, handled unequally spaced data by similar techniques, including both a periodogram analysis equivalent to what nowadays is called the Lomb method and least-squares fitting of selected frequencies of sinusoids determined from such periodograms — and connected by a procedure known today as the matching pursuit with post-back fitting or the orthogonal matching pursuit.
Petr Vaníček, a Canadian geophysicist and geodesist of the University of New Brunswick, proposed in 1969 also the matching-pursuit approach f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Priestley | Maurice Bertram Priestley (15 March 1933 – 15 June 2013) was a professor of statistics in the School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, England. He gained his first degree at the University of Cambridge and went on to gain a Ph.D. from the University of Manchester.
He was known especially for his work on time series analysis, especially spectral analysis and wavelet analysis. He was a longstanding editor of the Journal of Time Series Analysis, a special edition of which was published in his honour in 1993.
Less well-known but equally important was his work with M.T.Chao on nonparametric function fitting.
Selected publications
References
External links
1933 births
2013 deaths
Academics of the University of Manchester
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
Alumni of the University of Manchester |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-Cw%2A16 | HLA-Cw*16 (Cw*16) is an HLA-C allele-group. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-Cw*16 gene products. This allele group is most commonly found in West Africa, but A single Haplotype of Cw16 is found in Western Europe at unusually high frequencies. There is no useful serology for Cw*16.
Alleles
Cw*1601
While Cw*1601 probably did not evolve in Western Africa, it has certainly seen an expansion and it is a region in which most of the haplotype diversity is seen. As the frequency table for Cw*1601 reveals that highest frequencies for a given latitude north, more or less, follows the 0th meridian from Western Africa to the United Kingdom, the exception, an antinode, in Western France, indicating a displacement in those regions or the core of the Cw*16 bearing migration along the Eastern Region. There is a secondary node in the Basques of Spain, however given very little haplotype diversification (See A29-Cw*16-B44 haplotype, this page) indicates that this is the result of asymmetric expansion or selection within the Basque for the allele.
The Mandinka of Senegal are related to Bandiagara of Mali because the Malian Empire
settled Senegal. The Bubi are found on the islands off the coast of Equatorial Guinea (Click on map to enlarge to full size to see islands)
Other alleles and haplotypes follow a similar pattern. The DR7-DQ2, DR3-DQ2 and A*2901 follow a similar pattern of apparent gene flow from Africa to Western Europe. Although for DR3-DQ2 the migration appears to be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrieux | Avrieux is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
Geography
Climate
Avrieux has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). The average annual temperature in Avrieux is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Avrieux was on 19 July 2023; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 9 January 1985.
Twin towns — sister cities
Avrieux is twinned with Piedicavallo, Italy (2009).
See also
Communes of the Savoie department
References
External links
Official site
Communes of Savoie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid-pi%20model | Hybrid-Pi is a popular circuit model used for analyzing the small signal behavior of bipolar junction and field effect transistors. Sometimes it is also called Giacoletto model because it was introduced by L.J. Giacoletto in 1969. The model can be quite accurate for low-frequency circuits and can easily be adapted for higher frequency circuits with the addition of appropriate inter-electrode capacitances and other parasitic elements.
BJT parameters
The hybrid-pi model is a linearized two-port network approximation to the BJT using the small-signal base-emitter voltage, , and collector-emitter voltage, , as independent variables, and the small-signal base current, , and collector current, , as dependent variables.
A basic, low-frequency hybrid-pi model for the bipolar transistor is shown in figure 1. The various parameters are as follows.
is the transconductance, evaluated in a simple model, where:
is the quiescent collector current (also called the collector bias or DC collector current)
is the thermal voltage, calculated from Boltzmann's constant, , the charge of an electron, , and the transistor temperature in kelvins, . At approximately room temperature (295K, 22°C or 71°F), is about 25 mV.
where:
is the DC (bias) base current.
is the current gain at low frequencies (generally quoted as hfe from the h-parameter model). This is a parameter specific to each transistor, and can be found on a datasheet.
is the output resistance due to the Early effect ( is the E |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJAD | WJAD (branded as "Rock 103") is a radio station serving Albany, Georgia and surrounding cities with a rock format. This station broadcasts on FM frequency 103.5 MHz and is under ownership of Rick Lambert and Bob Spencer, through licensee First Media Services, LLC. Its studios are on Broad Avenue just west of downtown Albany, and the transmitter is located northeast of Albany.
Programming includes, John Boy and Billy in the mornings, Nikki Miller in middays, Steve Thomas afternoons and Mud weeknights. Rock 103 is also the southwest Georgia home for Georgia Bulldogs football. The station airs Flashback with MTV's Mat Pinfield on Sundays.
On April 30, 2020, Cumulus Media sold its entire Albany cluster for First Media Services for $450,000. The sale was consummated on December 15, 2020.
References
External links
Rock 103 WJAD official website
JAD
Radio stations established in 1979
1979 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKAK | WKAK (branded as "Georgia 104.5") is a radio station serving Albany, Georgia and surrounding cities with a country music format. This station broadcasts on FM frequency 104.5 MHz and is under ownership of Rick Lambert and Bob Spencer, through licensee First Media Services, LLC. Its studios are on Broad Avenue just west of downtown Albany, and the transmitter is located east of Albany.
On April 30, 2020, Cumulus Media sold its entire Albany cluster for First Media Services for $450,000. The sale was consummated on December 15, 2020.
On April 7, 2021, WKAK rebranded as "Georgia 104.5".
Previous logo
References
External links
Country radio stations in the United States
KAK
Radio stations established in 1963
1963 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJST | WJST (branded as "Retro FM 102.1") is a radio station serving Albany, Georgia and surrounding cities. This station broadcasts on FM frequency 102.1 MHz and is under ownership of John Golobish, Jr., through licensee JetStream Media LLC.
History
From its official launch in March 1999 through most of 2006, WJST (then WNUQ) was on 101.7 MHz and was known as Q101. The entire time it was broadcasting as "Q101" it did so under a single program director, Jason "J.B." Savage. From 2006 to 2014, the station switched to a Top 40/CHR format and branded itself as "Q102" to coincide with moving to its new frequency at 102.1 MHz.
On August 15, 2014, at 3 PM, the then-WNUQ flipped to country, becoming one of the first "Nash Icon" affiliates as "102.1 Nash Icon".
On March 27, 2018, WNUQ and three other Cumulus stations (KJMO, WPCK, and WTOD) were placed into the Cumulus Reorganization Divestiture Trust for a future sale.
On October 17, 2019, Cumulus announced that WNUQ would be sold to Tripp Morgan's organization, Pretoria Fields Collective Media, for $90,000 from the divestiture trust.
On November 20, it was announced through The Albany Herald that the station would rebrand as "Q102 The Queen Bee" under new callsign WPFQ upon closure of the sale; new station manager Tara Dyer Stoyle reported that the plan was to relaunch the station on January 6, 2020, from new studios at Morgan's Pretoria Fields Brewery in downtown Albany.
On November 26, 2019, The Mainstay Trust closed on the sale fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waring%27s%20prime%20number%20conjecture | In number theory, Waring's prime number conjecture is a conjecture related to Vinogradov's theorem, named after the English mathematician Edward Waring. It states that every odd number exceeding 3 is either a prime number or the sum of three prime numbers. It follows from the generalized Riemann hypothesis, and (trivially) from Goldbach's weak conjecture.
See also
Schnirelmann's constant
References
External links
Additive number theory
Conjectures about prime numbers
Conjectures that have been proved |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Genome%20Sequencing%20Center | The Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center (BCM-HGSC) was established by Richard A. Gibbs in 1996 when Baylor College of Medicine was chosen as one of six worldwide sites to complete the final phase of the international Human Genome Project. Gibbs is the current director of the BCM-HGSC.
It occupies more than , employing over 180 staff, and is one of three National Institutes of Health funded genome centers that were involved in the completion of the first human genome sequence. The BCM-HGSC contributed approximately 10 percent of the total project by sequencing chromosomes 3, 12 and X. The BCM-HGSC collaborated with researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Celera Genomics to sequence the first species of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The BCM-HGSC also completed the second species of fruit fly (Drosophila pseudoobscura), the honeybee (Apis mellifera), and led an international consortium to sequence the brown Norway rat.
The BCM-HGSC subsequently sequenced and annotated the genome of the cow (Bos taurus), the sea urchin, rhesus macaque, tammar wallaby, Dictyostelium discoideum, and a number of bacteria that cause serious infections (Rickettsia typhi, Enterococcus faecium, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Fusobacterium nucleatum). The BCM-HGSC was a major contributor to the Mammalian Gene Collection program, to sequence all human cDNAs, as well as the International Haplotype Mapping Project (HapMap).
Other r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Coast%20fever | East Coast fever, also known as theileriosis, is a disease of cattle which occurs in Africa and is caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva. The primary vector which spreads T. parva between cattle is a tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. East Coast fever is of major economic importance to livestock farmers in Africa, killing at least one million cattle each year.
The disease occurs in Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Zambia. In 2003, East Coast fever was introduced to Comoros by cattle imported from Tanzania. It has been eradicated in South Africa.
A more acute form of East Coast fever called corridor disease occurs when buffalo-derived T. parva is transmitted to cattle. Another form, called January disease, only occurs over the winter months in Zimbabwe due to the tick lifecycle.
Native cattle are often resistant to the parasite, but not without symptoms. They are hosts to the parasite, but do not suffer as severely as foreign cattle.
Clinical signs and diagnosis
Mortality can be up to 100%, with death occurring around 18–30 days after the initial attachment of infected ticks, because the incubation required is around 10–25 days, and the parasite spreads quickly and is rather aggressive.
Clinical signs include fever and enlarged lymph nodes near the tick bites.
Smears and stains can also be done to check for the parasite. Schizonts (meronts, or segmentors) can be found in inf |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIXT%20%28AM%29 | WIXT is an AM radio station broadcasting on a frequency of 1230 kHz and licensed to the city of Little Falls, New York. Owned by Galaxy Communications, the station airs a variety hits format under the branding Tony FM 99.1.
History of WIXT
WIXT signed on June 22, 1952, under the call letters WLFH (the call letters stood for Little Falls and nearby Herkimer, two of its primary communities). It was the first full-time radio station in Herkimer County. The 1230 frequency had previously been occupied by WIBX in nearby Utica from 1941 until it moved to the 950 frequency in 1947. Broadcasting from a studio on South Second Street (in a building which still houses its transmitter), WLFH was a typical full service station offering a variety of formats, including MOR and Top 40. By the end of the 1980s, WLFH was a country music station. In 1994, WLFH became part of Bug Country, simulcasting WBUG-FM in Fort Plain and WBUG (now WVTL) in Amsterdam. The stations mostly broadcast the Real Country satellite classic country format from ABC Radio, but retained some local production.
In 2000, WLFH was acquired by Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) and became part of a four-station simulcast known as the "Sports Stars Radio Network", along with WRNY in Rome, WADR (now WRCK) in Remsen and WUTQ (now WUSP) in Utica. The stations carried a variety of local and syndicated sports talk programming, along with live coverage of local sporting events. The Sports Stars network also carried an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%E2%80%93Hadamard%20theorem | In mathematics, the Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a result in complex analysis named after the French mathematicians Augustin Louis Cauchy and Jacques Hadamard, describing the radius of convergence of a power series. It was published in 1821 by Cauchy, but remained relatively unknown until Hadamard rediscovered it. Hadamard's first publication of this result was in 1888; he also included it as part of his 1892 Ph.D. thesis.
Theorem for one complex variable
Consider the formal power series in one complex variable z of the form
where
Then the radius of convergence of f at the point a is given by
where denotes the limit superior, the limit as approaches infinity of the supremum of the sequence values after the nth position. If the sequence values are unbounded so that the is ∞, then the power series does not converge near , while if the is 0 then the radius of convergence is ∞, meaning that the series converges on the entire plane.
Proof
Without loss of generality assume that . We will show first that the power series converges for , and then that it diverges for .
First suppose . Let not be or
For any , there exists only a finite number of such that .
Now for all but a finite number of , so the series converges if . This proves the first part.
Conversely, for , for infinitely many , so if , we see that the series cannot converge because its nth term does not tend to 0.
Theorem for several complex variables
Let be a multi-index (a n-tuple of integers) with , |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FYN | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (p59-FYN, Slk, Syn, MGC45350, Gene ID 2534) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FYN gene.
Fyn is a 59-kDa member of the Src family of kinases typically associated with T-cell and neuronal signaling in development and normal cell physiology. Disruptions in these signaling pathways often have implications in the formation of a variety of cancers. By definition as a proto-oncogene, Fyn codes for proteins that help regulate cell growth. Changes in its DNA sequence transform it into an oncogene that leads to the formation of a different protein with implications for normal cell regulation.
Fyn is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist.
History
Fyn is a member of the Src-family of kinases (SFK), the first proto-oncogene to be identified. The discovery of the Src-family in 1976 led to the Nobel prize for medicine in 1989 for J.M Bishop and E.M. Varmus. Fyn was first identified in 1986 as Syn or Slk through probes derived from v-yes and v-fgr. A common feature of SFKs is that they are commonly upregulated in cancers. Fyn is functionally distinct from its family members in that it interacts with FAK and paxillin (PX |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMP2 | 72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP2 gene. The MMP2 gene is located on chromosome 16 at position 12.2.
Function
Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. This gene encodes an enzyme which degrades type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. The enzyme plays a role in endometrial menstrual breakdown, regulation of vascularization and the inflammatory response.
Activation
Activation of MMP-2 requires proteolytic processing. A complex of membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP/MMP14) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 recruits pro-MMP 2 from the extracellular milieu to the cell surface. Activation then requires an active molecule of MT1-MMP and auto catalytic cleavage. Clustering of integrin chains promotes activation of MMP-2. Another factor that will support the activation of MMP-2 is cell-cell clustering. A wild-type activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is also required to activate MMP-2.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the MMP2 gene are associated with Torg-Winchester syndro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin%20subunit%20alpha | Hemoglobin subunit alpha, Hemoglobin, alpha 1, is a hemoglobin protein that in humans is encoded by the HBA1 gene.
Gene
The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven loci: 5'- zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta - 3'. The alpha-2 (HBA2) and alpha-1 (HBA1; this gene) coding sequences are identical. These genes differ slightly over the 5' untranslated regions and the introns, but they differ significantly over the 3' untranslated regions.
Protein
Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) makes up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin.
Clinical significance
Alpha thalassemias result from deletions of each of the alpha genes as well as deletions of both HBA2 and HBA1; some nondeletion alpha thalassemias have also been reported.
Interactions
Hemoglobin subunit alpha has been shown to interact with hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB).
See also
Hemoglobin subunit beta
Human β-globin locus
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Alpha-Thalassemia
OMIM entries on Alpha-Thalassemia
Hemoglobins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOD1 | Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] also known as superoxide dismutase 1 or hSod1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOD1 gene, located on chromosome 21. SOD1 is one of three human superoxide dismutases. It is implicated in apoptosis, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.
Structure
SOD1 is a 32 kDa homodimer which forms a beta barrel (β-barrel) and contains an intramolecular disulfide bond and a binuclear Cu/Zn site in each subunit. This Cu/Zn site holds the copper and a zinc ion and is responsible for catalyzing the disproportionation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and dioxygen. The maturation process of this protein is complex and not fully understood, involving the selective binding of copper and zinc ions, formation of the intra-subunit disulfide bond between Cys-57 and Cys-146, and dimerization of the two subunits. The copper chaperone for Sod1 (CCS) facilitates copper insertion and disulfide oxidation. Though SOD1 is synthesized in the cytosol and can mature there, the fraction of expressed, and still immature, SOD1 targeted to the mitochondria must be inserted into the intermembrane space. There, it forms the disulfide bond, though not metalation, required for its maturation. The mature protein is highly stable, but unstable when in its metal-free and disulfide-reduced forms. This manifests in vitro, as the loss of metal ions results in increased SOD1 aggregation, and in disease models, where low metalation is observed for insoluble |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presenilin-1 | Presenilin-1 (PS-1) is a presenilin protein that in humans is encoded by the PSEN1 gene. Presenilin-1 is one of the four core proteins in the gamma secretase complex, which is considered to play an important role in generation of amyloid beta (Aβ) from amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP). Accumulation of amyloid beta is associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
Structure
Presenilin possesses a 9 transmembrane domain topology, with an extracellular C-terminus and a cytosolic N-terminus. Presenilin undergoes endo-proteolytic processing to produce ~27-28 kDa N-terminal and ~16-17 kDa C-terminal fragments in humans. Furthermore, presenilin exists in the cell mainly as a heterodimer of the C-terminal and N-terminus fragments. When presenilin 1 is overexpressed, the full length protein accumulates in an inactive form. Based on evidence that a gamma-secretase inhibitor binds to the fragments, the cleaved presenilin complex is considered to be the active form.
Function
Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene, the full-length natures of only some have been determined.
Notch signaling pathway
In Notch signaling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial%20NOS | Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene located in the 7q35-7q36 region of chromosome 7. This enzyme is one of three isoforms that synthesize nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and lipophilic molecule that participates in several biological processes. The other isoforms include neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is constitutively expressed in specific neurons of the brain and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whose expression is typically induced in inflammatory diseases.
eNOS is primarily responsible for the generation of NO in the vascular endothelium, a monolayer of flat cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels, at the interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the remainder of the vessel wall. NO produced by eNOS in the vascular endothelium plays crucial roles in regulating vascular tone, cellular proliferation, leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. Therefore, a functional eNOS is essential for a healthy cardiovascular system.
Structure and catalytic activities
eNOS is a dimer containing two identical monomers of 140 kD constituted by a reductase domain, which displays binding sites for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and an oxidase domain, which displays binding sites for heme group, zinc, the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin ( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, also known as p44MAPK and ERK1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK3 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described.
Clinical significance
It has been suggested that MAPK3, along with the gene IRAK1, is turned off by two microRNAs that were activated after the influenza A virus had been made to infect human lung cells.
Signaling pathways
Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 restores GSK3β activity and protein synthesis levels in a model of tuberous sclerosis.
Interactions
MAPK3 has been shown to interact with:
DUSP3,
DUSP6
GTF2I,
HDAC4,
MAP2K1,
MAP2K2,
PTPN7,
RPS6KA2, and
SPIB.
References
Further reading
External links
MAP Kinase Resource .
EC 2.7.11 |
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