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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20power | Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight to a hot spot, often to drive a steam turbine.
Photovoltaics were initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid rooftop PV system. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. Since then, as the cost of solar electricity has fallen, grid-connected solar PV systems' capacity and production have grown more or less exponentially, doubling about every three years. Millions of installations and gigawatt-scale photovoltaic power stations continue to be built, with half of new generation capacity being solar in 2021.
In 2022 solar generated 4.5% of the world's electricity, compared to 1% in 2015 when the Paris Agreement to limit climate change was signed. Along with onshore wind, in most countries the cheapest levelised cost of electricity for new installations is utility-scale solar.
Almost half the solar power installed in 2022 was rooftop. Low-carbon power has been recommended as part of a plan to limit climate change. The International Energy Agency said |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDX%20%28disambiguation%29 | RDX is an explosive.
RDX may also refer to:
Science and technology
Radixin, a protein encoded by the RDX gene
RDX register, a CPU register in 64-bit x86 processors
RDX Technology, a data storage format
Other uses
RDX (band), a reggae duo from Kingston, Jamaica
Acura RDX, a 2006–present Japanese compact SUV
RDX Love, a 2019 Indian Telugu-language film directed by Shankar Bhanu
RDX: Robert Dony Xavier, a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Nahas Hidayath
Ranvir Dhanraj Xaja "RDX Bhai", fictional criminal played by Feroz Khan in the 2007 Indian film Welcome |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiomics | Physiomics is a systematic study of physiome in biology. Physiomics employs bioinformatics to construct networks of physiological features that are associated with genes, proteins and their networks. A few of the methods for determining individual relationships between the DNA sequence and physiological function include metabolic pathway engineering and RNAi analysis. The relationships derived from methods such as these are organized and processed computationally to form distinct networks. Computer models use these experimentally determined networks to develop further predictions of gene function.
History
Physiomics arose from the imbalance between the amount of data being generated by genome projects and the technological ability to analyze the data on a large scale. As technologies such as high-throughput sequencing were being used to generate large amounts of genomic data, effective methods needed to be designed to experimentally interpret and computationally organize this data. Science can be illustrated as a cycle linking knowledge to observations. In the post-genomic era, the ability of computational methods to aid in this observation became evident. This cycle, aided by computer models, is the basis for bioinformatics and, thus, physiomics.
Physiome projects
In 1993, the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) in Australia presented a physiome project with the purpose of providing a quantitative description of physiological dynamics and functional behav |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Bishop%20%28cyclist%29 | Andy Bishop (born May 26, 1965) is a retired American professional racing cyclist from Tucson. He finished three Tour de Frances, riding with the Team Classification winners in 1988. In 1995, he won the Herald Sun Tour. He lives in Williston, Vermont and has two children, Summer and Baxter. He is now a full-time professional photographer and is owner of Andy Bishop Photography. He coaches former national champion mountain biker Lea Davison.
Major results
Sources:
1987
1st Overall Tour of the Gila
1st Stage 7 Peace Race
1989
1st Stages 4 & 6 Ruta Mexico
9th Overall Tour of America
10th Halle–Ingooigem
1990
1st Stage 7 Tour DuPont
2nd Road race, National Championships
5th Philadelphia International Cycling Classic
10th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
1991
6th (TTT) GP de la Libération
9th Thrift Drug Classic
1992
2nd Road race, National Championships
2nd Druivenkoers Overijse
2nd Thrift Drug Classic
5th Philly Cycling Classic
7th Overall Tour de Luxembourg
1993
5th Thrift Drug Classic
8th Overall Tour de Luxembourg
8th Trofeo Laigueglia
1995
1st Overall Herald Sun Tour
1st Points classification
1st Stage 6
3rd Overall Killington Stage Race
4th Lancaster Classic
4th Thrift Drug Classic
6th Norwest Cycling Cup
10th First Union Grand Prix
1996
5th Overall Tour of China
7th Overall Herald Sun Tour
1st Stage 9
1998
1st Stage 12 Ruta Mexico
General classification results timeline
References
External links
American male cyclists
Living people
1965 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where%20I%20Belong%20%28Revive%20album%29 | Where I Belong is the debut full-length album by Australian Christian rock band Revive. It was released in October 2004 on Koorong, an independent record label, and produced by Phil Gaudion in Crystal Studios and Sony Studios.
Background
Revive members Tyler Hall on guitar and Dave Hanbury on vocals had played together as Me + Ty, in Sydney, New South Wales, at local churches and schools through 2003; they released a single, "Going Up?". They were joined by Mike TenKate on drums and Rich Thompson on bass guitar, and became Revive in 2004. Hanbury recalled their first interstate trip to perform at a Queensland festival ended en route with a disabled van.
By October 2004, they had released, Where I Belong on Koorong, an independent record label, as their debut album, which was produced by Phil Gaudion (from Paul Colman Trio) in Crystal Studios and Sony Studios.
Track listing
"Find It Here" – 4:17
"Wash Away" – 3:51
"Power" – 3:38
"Where I Belong" – 4:25
"Carefree" – 4:09
"Forever" – 3:56
"In Awe" – 4:38
"Lift Me Up" – 3:32
"Coming Back" – 2:04
"Always" – 4:29
"You Know" – 12:52
Features hidden track "I'm a Punker" at 10:00
Personnel
Revive members
Tyler Hall – guitars: acoustic, lead
Dave Hanbury – vocals
Mike TenKate – drums
Rich Thompson – bass guitar
Production details
Producer – Phil Gaudion
Recorded at Rangemaster (David Carr's Studio, Melbourne), overdubs/mixes (Wyong, New South Wales)
Mastering – Crystal Mastering Studios (Melbourne), Sony Music Studios (Sydney)
Re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Pachard | Henri Pachard, Jackson St. Louis and Crystal Blue were the pseudonyms of the American film director Ron Sullivan (June 4, 1939 – September 27, 2008).
In the late 1960s, using his real name, Sullivan directed a number of sex-and-sadism Sexploitation films for the then-thriving 42nd Street grindhouse market. Working for Sam Lake Enterprises in New York, he directed his first film, Lust Weekend (1967). This was followed by The Bizarre Ones (1967), Scare Their Pants Off (1968), and This Sporting House, with future adult star Jennifer Welles, in 1969.
In the 1980s he adopted the alias "Henri Pachard". From then until his death in 2008, he produced and directed dozens of mainstream pornographic films, including The Devil in Miss Jones 2 and Blame it on Ginger, starring Ginger Lynn.
He also made numerous bondage-discipline features, particularly for the long-running Dresden Diary series, and many spanking fetish videos such as Blazing Bottoms and Smarty Pants! (both for LBO Entertainment).
In addition to directing, he also acted in small character roles in adult films, most notably, Glen and Glenda (1994), a pornographic spoof of Ed Wood's 1953 movie Glen or Glenda.
In May 2008 it was reported that Sullivan/Pachard was gravely ill from cancer, with an open call to others in the industry to employ his wife Deloras as a cameraman or as a film editor to help offset his medical expenses.
He died at his home on September 27, 2008, after a three-year battle with cancer.
Awards
1979 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20gene | Language gene may refer to:
FOXP2, a protein found in mammals
PCDH11Y, a gene unique to human males |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloclasty | Haloclasty (also called salt weathering) is a type of physical weathering caused by the growth and thermal expansion of salt crystals. The process is first started when saline water seeps into cracks and evaporates depositing salt crystals. When the rocks are then heated, the crystals will expand putting pressure on the surrounding rock which will over time splinter the stone into fragments.
Salt crystallization may also take place when solutions decompose rocks (for example, limestone, chalk, or sandstone) to form salt solutions of sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, or calcium carbonate, from which water evaporates to form their respective salt crystals.
The salts which have proved most effective in disintegrating rocks are sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and calcium chloride. Some of these salts can expand up to three times or more in volume.
It is normally associated with arid climates where strong heating causes strong evaporation and therefore salt crystallization. It is also common along coasts. An example of salt weathering can be seen in the honeycombed stones in sea walls.
See also
References
F.J.P.M. Kwaad (1970). "http://www.kwaad.net/Salt-weathering.html Experiments on the granular disintegration of granite by salt action]". Accessed October 12, 2007.
Weathering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumb%20extensors | In anatomy, the thumb extensors are:
extensor pollicis longus muscle
extensor pollicis brevis muscle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative%20proteomics | Quantitative proteomics is an analytical chemistry technique for determining the amount of proteins in a sample. The methods for protein identification are identical to those used in general (i.e. qualitative) proteomics, but include quantification as an additional dimension. Rather than just providing lists of proteins identified in a certain sample, quantitative proteomics yields information about the physiological differences between two biological samples. For example, this approach can be used to compare samples from healthy and diseased patients. Quantitative proteomics is mainly performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), preparative one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, or mass spectrometry (MS). However, a recent developed method of quantitative dot blot (QDB) analysis is able to measure both the absolute and relative quantity of an individual proteins in the sample in high throughput format, thus open a new direction for proteomic research. In contrast to 2-DE, which requires MS for the downstream protein identification, MS technology can identify and quantify the changes.
Quantification using spectrophotometry
The concentration of a certain protein in a sample may be determined using spectrophotometric procedures. The concentration of a protein can be determined by measuring the OD at 280 nm on a spectrophotometer, which can be used with a standard curve assay to quantify the presence of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. However, this method |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20New%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20Terms%20Ancient%20and%20Modern%20of%20the%20Canting%20Crew | A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew is a dictionary of English cant and slang by a compiler known only by the initials B. E., first published in London c. 1698. With over 4,000 entries, it was the most extensive dictionary of non-standard English in its time, until it was superseded in 1785 by Francis Grose's Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. B. E.'s New Dictionary was used as a source by many subsequent dictionaries.
Its full title is A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew, in its several tribes, of gypsies, beggers, thieves, cheats, &c. with an addition of some proverbs, phrases, figurative speeches, &c.
See also
Cant (language)
Notes
References
External links
Digital version of the 1899 edition @ Internet Archive
English dictionaries
1698 books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20Like%20We%20Never%20Said%20Goodbye | "It's Like We Never Said Goodbye" is a song written by Roger Greenaway and Geoff Stephens, and recorded by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. It was released in February 1980 as the second single from the album Miss the Mississippi. The song was number one for one week and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the charts.
Historic week
The song was part of a historic week on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in the week it reached number one, April 19, 1980. That week, all of the top five positions were held by female singers.
The Top 5 from that week was:
"It's Like We Never Said Goodbye" by Crystal Gayle
"A Lesson in Leavin'" by Dottie West
"Are You on the Road to Lovin' Me Again" by Debby Boone
"Beneath Still Waters" by Emmylou Harris
"Two Story House" by Tammy Wynette (duet with George Jones)
Personnel
Gene Chrisman – drums
Spady Brannan – bass guitar
Bobby Wood – keyboards
Chris Leuzinger – guitars
Billy Puett, Denis Solee – saxophone
Roger Bissell, Dennis Good, Rex Peer, Terry Williams – trombone
Crystal Gayle, Garth Fundis, Allen Reynolds - backing vocals
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Bibliography
Whitburn, Joel, "Top Country Songs: 1944-2005," 2006, Record Research,
1980 singles
Crystal Gayle songs
Songs written by Roger Greenaway
Songs written by Geoff Stephens
Song recordings produced by Allen Reynolds
Columbia Records singles
1979 songs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B48 | HLA-B48 (B48) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*48 gene products. B48 is most common along the West Pacific Rim, Americas indigenous peoples and Northern Eurasians. B*4801 is part of a group of alleles including B*4201 that share Intron 1 sequence with B*0702, which is common over Western and Central Asia, and has a distribution indicating an early and long presence in Eurasian humans. A*48 appears to be the result of a recombination event that occurred early in the settlement history of Central Asia that then spread eastward into the NW Pacific rim and the New World. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)
Serotype
Alleles
Haplotypes
There is a known haplotype that covers a distance from South America to Siberia
A*2402 : C*08 : B*4801 : DRB1*08 : DQA1*0401 : DQB1*0402
and maybe indicative of recent long range migration. This haplotype is found
in Peru, Mexico, Eskimos. The A*2402 : C*0801 : B*4801 sub-component is also
found in Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Indigenous Taiwanese, Northern Philippines, Japanese, Orochon, Tibetans. The A-Cw-B component of the haplotype appears to have been conserved, however, equilibration of linkage to DR-DQ is more evident in Asian and Native American populations. The Cw*0803 allelic variant of this haplotype is found in Japan, Eskimos, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans and Oaxacans. The oddity of the distribution is that, other than the Manchu of Northern China, the Chinese populati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edingtonite | Edingtonite is a white, gray, brown, colorless, pink or yellow zeolite mineral. Its chemical formula is BaAl2Si3O10·4H2O. It has varieties with tetragonal, orthorhombic or triclinic crystals.
The mineral occurs within cavities in nepheline syenites, carbonatites, in
hydrothermal veins and various mafic rocks. It occurs associated with thomsonite, analcime, natrolite, harmotome, brewsterite, prehnite and calcite.
The mineral was first reported by and named for Scottish mineral collector James Edington (1787–1844). Other sources (including the mineralogist Haidinger) credit Scottish geologist and mineralogist Thomas Edington (1814-1859). However, as the mineral was named in 1825, the former accreditation must be the true one.
References
External links
Edingtonite structure
Zeolites |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuzu | Zuzu is an administrative ward in the Dodoma Urban district of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 7,048 people in the ward, from 6,485 in 2012.
References
Wards of Dodoma Region |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectin | Tectin may refer to:
Tectin (drug) - for treatment of pain
Tectin (secretion) - a proteinaceous substance secreted by protists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortgrass%20prairie | The shortgrass prairie is an ecosystem located in the Great Plains of North America. The two most dominant grasses in the shortgrass prairie are blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) and buffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides), the two less dominant grasses in the prairie are greasegrass (Tridens flavus) and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula). The prairie was formerly maintained by grazing pressure of American bison, which is the keystone species. Due to its semiarid climate, the shortgrass prairie receives on average less precipitation than that of the tall and mixed grass prairies to the east.
The prairie includes lands to the west as far as the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains and extends east as far as Nebraska and north into Saskatchewan. The prairie stretches through parts of Alberta, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Kansas, and passes south through the high plains of Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico.
History
The shortgrass prairie has a long human history. The Kiowa, Comanche, and Arapahoe peoples occupied the land, hunting bison and pronghorn. Seasonally, these tribes would stage hunts in the adjacent mountains such as the Rocky Mountains. To manage the prairie these tribes and their predecessors likely used fire. They would create fuel breaks, a gap in vegetation or other combustible material that acts as a barrier to slow or stop the progress of a brushfire or wildfire. A firebreak may occur naturally in areas without vegetation or o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectin%20%28secretion%29 | Tectin is an organic substance secreted by certain ciliates. Tectin may form an adhesive stalk, disc or other sticky secretion. Tectin may also form a gelatinous envelope or membrane enclosing some ciliates as a protective capsule or lorica. Tectin is also called pseudochitin. Granules or rods (called protrichocysts) in the pellicle of some ciliates are also thought to be involved in tectin secretion.
See also
Chitin
Conchiolin
Sporopollenin
References
Ciliate biology
Biomolecules |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20molecular%20variance | Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), is a statistical model for the molecular algorithm in a single species, typically biological. The name and model are inspired by ANOVA. The method was developed by Laurent Excoffier, Peter Smouse and Joseph Quattro at Rutgers University in 1992.
Since developing AMOVA, Excoffier has written a program for running such analyses. This program, which runs on Windows, is called Arlequin and is freely available on Excoffier's website. There are also implementations in R language in the ade4 and the pegas packages, both available on CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network). Another implementation is in Info-Gen, which also runs on Windows. The student version is free and fully functional. Native language of the application is Spanish but an English version is also available.
An additional free statistical package, GenAlEx, is geared toward teaching as well as research and allows for complex genetic analyses to be employed and compared within the commonly used Microsoft Excel interface. This software allows for calculation of analyses such as AMOVA, as well as comparisons with other types of closely related statistics including F-statistics and Shannon's index, and more.
References
External links
Arlequin 3 website
Online AMOVA Calculation for Y-STR Data
Info-Gen website
GenAIEx website
Population genetics
Molecular biology
Analysis of variance |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20Railways%20locomotive%20numbering%20and%20classification | This page explains the numbering and classification schemes for locomotives employed by the Japanese Government Railways, the Japanese National Railways and the Japan Railways Group.
Steam locomotives
Pre-nationalization
Prior to the nationalization of Japanese railways in 1906 and 1907, the government-run railways had numbered their steam locomotives only with serial numbers without consideration of the types of the locomotives. From the beginning of the Kobe–Osaka railway in 1874, they allocated odd numbers to locomotives in Tokyo area and even numbers to locomotives in Kobe area, but this custom was not maintained after the completion of railway between Tokyo and Kobe in 1889. Later, some locomotives, such as Classes A8 and B6 and rack railway locomotives, were renumbered to make groups for easy recognition of classes.
Classes were introduced by Francis H. Trevithick (1850–1931), a grandson of Richard Trevithick, employed by the government of Japan for supervision of rolling stock management. He classified the locomotives with one Latin letter (A through Z), which was then expanded to use two letters (AB, AC, AD, and so on).
Later, this simple method was revised to use one letter and one or two digit numerals with consideration of locomotive types. The meanings of the letters were as follows:
A – Tank locomotives with two driving axles (A1–A10)
B – Tank locomotives with three driving axles (B1–B7)
C – Tank locomotives for rack railway (C1–C3)
D – Tender locomotives |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20Paul%20Meloche | Dr. Henry Paul Meloche (November 1929 – August 1999) was a noted research biochemist who specialized in the field of enzyme stereochemistry.
He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Detroit and graduated from Michigan State University in 1956 with a Masters and PhD in Chemistry. He was a researcher at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia (There he worked alongside Nobel Prize–winning scientists Irwin Rose, Baruch S. Blumberg.) and Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute in Miami.
In his career, he published 52 peer-reviewed articles, according to Web of Science. The most cited was
Meloche HP. "Bromopyruvate inactivation of 2-keto-3-deoxy-phosphogluconic aldolase. I. Kinetic Evidence for Active Site specificity" in Biochemistry 6 (8): 2273 1967, cited 211 times
1929 births
1999 deaths
20th-century American biochemists
University of Detroit Mercy alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Fox Chase Cancer Center people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B47 | HLA-B47 (B47) is an HLA–B serotype. The serotype identifies the HLA-B*47 gene products (B*4701, B*4702, B*4703) . Comparison of B47 nucleotide sequence with other HLA-B sequences shows a segment of 228 bp identical with B44 in the alpha 1 domain and a segment of 218 bp identical with B27 in the alpha 2 domain, but only a 91 bp segment of identity with B13 in the alpha 1 domain. The complex pattern of substitutions and their degree of divergence indicate that HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 alleles are not related by a simple mutational event. B47 is linked to (close to on the chromosome) a gene that causes adrenal deficiency. B47 is generally low in frequency and with highest known frequencies in Central and Western Africa. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)
Serotype
Serotyping for B47 is poor and typing is best performed with SSP-PCR or gene sequencing.
Disease Associations
B47 is linked to Adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The gene is located close to B47 between and locus.
B*4701 frequencies
References
4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20frequency | In advertising, the effective frequency is the number of times a person must be exposed to an advertising message before a response is made and before exposure is considered wasteful.
The subject on effective frequency is quite controversial. Many people have their own definition on what this phrase means. There are also numerous studies with their own theories or models as to what the correct number is for effective frequency.
Various meanings
There are several definitions of effective frequency. The following are some key examples:
Advertising Glossary defines effective frequency as "Exposures to an advertising message required to achieve effective communication. Generally expressed as a range below which the exposure is inadequate and above which the exposure is considered wastage."
Business Dictionary defines it as "Advertising, the theory that a consumer has to be exposed to an ad at least three times within a purchasing cycle (time between two consecutive purchases) to buy that product."
Marketing Power defines it as "An advertiser's determination of the optimum number of exposure opportunities required to effectively convey the advertising message to the desired audience or target market."
John Philip Jones says, "Effective frequency can mean that a single advertising exposure is able to influence the purchase of a brand. However, as all experienced advertising people know, the phrase was really coined to communicate the idea that there must be enough concentr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetyltalosaminuronic%20acid | N-Acetyltalosaminuronic acid is a uronic acid. It is a component of pseudopeptidoglycan, a structural polymer found in the cell walls in some types of Archaea.
Amino sugars
Sugar acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trendalyzer | Trendalyzer is an information visualization software for animation of statistics that was initially developed by Hans Rosling's Gapminder Foundation in Sweden. In March 2007 it was acquired by Google Inc. The current beta version is a Flash application that is preloaded with statistical and historical data about the development of the countries of the world.
The information visualization technique used by Trendalyzer is an interactive bubble chart. By default it shows five variables: Two numeric variables on the X and Y axes, bubble size and colour, and a time variable that may be manipulated with a slider. The software uses brushing and linking techniques for displaying the numeric value of a highlighted country.
Components of the Trendalyzer software, particularly the Flash-based Motion Chart gadget, have become available for public use as part of the Google Visualizations API (see ).
Similar projects
Trend Compass (flash)
Eurostat explorer (flash)
References
External links
The Gapminder World, using Trendalyzer to display various statistics about the world's countries. A tab allows access to a download package
Make Your Data Tell a Story: "Reports, tables, charts and dashboards all deliver information, but information alone isn't understanding"
FAQ: How do I use Gapminder graphics in my presentation?: Implement Gapminder graphs in your presentation using Gapminder Tools Offline.
Webpage with Installation package for 2007 version
Example for visualization of e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Fluoro-AMT | 5-Fluoro-α-methyltryptamine (5-Fluoro-αMT, 5F-AMT), also known as PAL-544, is a putative stimulant, entactogen, and psychedelic tryptamine derivative related to α-methyltryptamine (αMT). It has been found to act as a well-balanced serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent, a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, and a potent and specific MAO-A inhibitor. which suggests that 5-fluoro-αMT could be an active psychedelic in humans, although it is not known to have been tested in humans and could be dangerous due to its strong inhibition of MAO-A.
See also
5-Chloro-αMT
5-Fluoro-AET
5-Fluoro-DMT
6-Fluoro-AMT
7-Chloro-AMT
7-Methyl-αET
Flucindole
5-API (PAL-571)
References
Further reading
Entactogens and empathogens
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Fluoroarenes
Psychedelic tryptamines
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents
Stimulants |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n%20Spitzm%C3%BCller | István Spitzmüller (born 14 May 1986) is a Hungarian football midfielder who plays for DEAC.
Club statistics
Updated to games played as of 23 November 2014.
Sources
Profile on hlsz.hu
Profile on dvsc.hu
References
1986 births
People from Hajdúnánás
Footballers from Hajdú-Bihar County
Living people
Hungarian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Debreceni VSC players
Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC players
Békéscsaba 1912 Előre footballers
Debreceni EAC (football) players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Nemzeti Bajnokság II players
Nemzeti Bajnokság III players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final%20Fantasy%20Crystal%20Chronicles%3A%20My%20Life%20as%20a%20King | Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King is a video game developed for the WiiWare service of the Wii console by Square Enix. Square Enix decided to make a game for the WiiWare service that would be high profile, and it was decided that the game would be a simulation game and, later in development, a Final Fantasy title.
The game is a city-building game set in the world of the action RPG Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles and is the third title in the series of the same name. Following the events of the first Crystal Chronicles game, the son of a king who lost his kingdom during that game establishes a new one and sets about creating a peaceful and prosperous land.
A WiiWare launch title in all regions, it was released on March 25, 2008 in Japan, May 12 in North America, and May 20 in Europe. Reviews of the game were generally favorable, and it has been seen as one of the most innovative games released on the WiiWare service. A follow-up, Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a Darklord, was released in 2009, and is a tower defense game that was also met with positive reviews.
Gameplay
My Life as a King takes place after the events of Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles, in a remote area of the peaceful world where the miasma that ravaged the land has now cleared. As kingdoms rebuild, the new king of a realm somewhere, having lost his father's old realm to the Dark Lord, now tries to revive his kingdom through a mysterious power called "Architek" that he rece |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20inclusion | In mathematics, differential inclusions are a generalization of the concept of ordinary differential equation of the form
where F is a multivalued map, i.e. F(t, x) is a set rather than a single point in . Differential inclusions arise in many situations including differential variational inequalities, projected dynamical systems, Moreau's sweeping process, linear and nonlinear complementarity dynamical systems, discontinuous ordinary differential equations, switching dynamical systems, and fuzzy set arithmetic.
For example, the basic rule for Coulomb friction is that the friction force has magnitude μN in the direction opposite to the direction of slip, where N is the normal force and μ is a constant (the friction coefficient). However, if the slip is zero, the friction force can be any force in the correct plane with magnitude smaller than or equal to μN. Thus, writing the friction force as a function of position and velocity leads to a set-valued function.
In differential inclusion, we not only take a set-valued map at the right hand side but also we can take a subset of a Euclidean space for some as following way. Let and Our main purpose is to find a function satisfying the differential inclusion a.e. in where is an open bounded set.
Theory
Existence theory usually assumes that F(t, x) is an upper hemicontinuous function of x, measurable in t, and that F(t, x) is a closed, convex set for all t and x.
Existence of solutions for the initial value problem
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20botany | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to botany:
Botany – biological discipline which involves the study of plants.
Core concepts of botany
Bud
Cell wall
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Flora
Flower
Fruit
Forest
Leaf
Meristem
Photosynthesis
Plant
Plant cell
Pollen
Seed
Seedling
Spore
Tree
Vine
Wood
Subdisciplines of botany
Branches of botany
Agronomy
Bryology (mosses and liverworts)
Dendrology (woody plants)
Ethnobotany
Lichenology (lichens)
Mycology (fungi)
Paleobotany
Palynology (spores and pollen)
Phycology (algae)
Phytosociology
Plant anatomy
Plant ecology
Plant evolution
Plant morphology
Plant pathology
Plant physiology
Plant taxonomy
Pteridology (ferns)
History of botany
History of botany
History of plant systematics
Kinds of plants
Major plant groups
Algae
Cyanobacteria
Brown algae
Charophyta
Chlorophyta
Desmid
Diatom
Red algae
Green algae
Bryophytes
Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)
Bryophyta (mosses)
Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
Pteridophytes
Lycopodiophyta (club mosses)
Pteridophyta (ferns & horsetails)
Rhyniophyta (early plants)
Gymnosperms
Pteridospermatophyta (seed "ferns")
Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Gnetophyta
Pinophyta (conifers)
Angiosperms
Dicotyledon
Asteraceae (sunflower family)
Cactaceae (cactus family)
Fabaceae (legume family)
Lamiaceae (mint family)
Rosaceae (rose family)
Monocotyledon
Araceae (arum family)
Arecaceae (palm family)
Iridaceae (iris family)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATILDA | Mesa Associates' Tactical Integrated Light-Force Deployment Assembly (MATILDA) is a remote controlled surveillance and reconnaissance robot created and designed by the Mesa Robotics Corporation. It is available in many different models such as the Urban Warrior, Block II, and Scout, which feature different combinations of components for increased utility. These options include a sensor mount, manipulator arm, weapon mount, fiber optic reel, remote trailer release, and disrupter mount. When purchased the basic system includes the platform, the control unit, and battery charger.
History
One key focus that MATILDA designers had was on function over mobility by identifying specific UGV applications that they wanted it to have, including target surveillance, explosive device neutralisation, material pickup and transport, weapon transport and firing, and law enforcement. Another key focus was on low cost. In order to achieve their vision, they refined platform weight ratios until they achieved a design that fit both key focuses. The designers also had specific obstacles that they wanted their robot to be able to overcome, such as stair climbing, payload transporting, great battery life, tunnel navigation, video camera, and manipulator arm capabilities. In order to make the assembly applicable to national defense, the designers built different models of the MATILDA. This was to make sure the robot helps each form of security's specific needs. The designers also wanted to let the a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20savanna%20climate | Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories Aw (for a dry "winter") and As (for a dry "summer"). The driest month has less than of precipitation and also less than mm of precipitation.
This latter fact is in a direct contrast to a tropical monsoon climate, whose driest month sees less than of precipitation but has more than of precipitation. In essence, a tropical savanna climate tends to either see less overall rainfall than a tropical monsoon climate or have more pronounced dry season(s).
In tropical savanna climates, the dry season can become severe, and often drought conditions prevail during the course of the year. Tropical savanna climates often feature tree-studded grasslands due to its dryness, rather than thick jungle. It is this widespread occurrence of tall, coarse grass (called savanna) which has led to Aw and As climates often being referred to as the tropical savanna. However, there is some doubt whether tropical grasslands are climatically induced. Additionally, pure savannas, without trees, are the exception rather than the rule.
Versions
There are generally four types of tropical savanna climates:
Distinct wet and dry seasons of relatively equal duration. Most of the region's annual rainfall is experienced during the wet season and very little precipitation falls during the dry season.
A lengthy dry season and a relatively short wet season. Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20%28computing%29 | In computing, entropy is the randomness collected by an operating system or application for use in cryptography or other uses that require random data. This randomness is often collected from hardware sources (variance in fan noise or HDD), either pre-existing ones such as mouse movements or specially provided randomness generators. A lack of entropy can have a negative impact on performance and security.
Linux kernel
The Linux kernel generates entropy from keyboard timings, mouse movements, and integrated drive electronics (IDE) timings and makes the random character data available to other operating system processes through the special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom. This capability was introduced in Linux version 1.3.30.
There are some Linux kernel patches allowing one to use more entropy sources. The audio_entropyd project, which is included in some operating systems such as Fedora, allows audio data to be used as an entropy source. Also available are video_entropyd, which calculates random data from a video-source and entropybroker, which includes these three and can be used to distribute the entropy data to systems not capable of running any of these (e.g. virtual machines). Furthermore, one can use the HAVEGE algorithm through haveged to pool entropy. In some systems, network interrupts can be used as an entropy source as well.
OpenBSD kernel
OpenBSD has integrated cryptography as one of its main goals and has always worked on increasing its entropy for en |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy%20friction%20factor%20formulae | In fluid dynamics, the Darcy friction factor formulae are equations that allow the calculation of the Darcy friction factor, a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of friction losses in pipe flow as well as open-channel flow.
The Darcy friction factor is also known as the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, resistance coefficient or simply friction factor; by definition it is four times larger than the Fanning friction factor.
Notation
In this article, the following conventions and definitions are to be understood:
The Reynolds number Re is taken to be Re = V D / ν, where V is the mean velocity of fluid flow, D is the pipe diameter, and where ν is the kinematic viscosity μ / ρ, with μ the fluid's Dynamic viscosity, and ρ the fluid's density.
The pipe's relative roughness ε / D, where ε is the pipe's effective roughness height and D the pipe (inside) diameter.
f stands for the Darcy friction factor. Its value depends on the flow's Reynolds number Re and on the pipe's relative roughness ε / D.
The log function is understood to be base-10 (as is customary in engineering fields): if x = log(y), then y = 10x.
The ln function is understood to be base-e: if x = ln(y), then y = ex.
Flow regime
Which friction factor formula may be applicable depends upon the type of flow that exists:
Laminar flow
Transition between laminar and turbulent flow
Fully turbulent flow in smooth conduits
Fully turbulent flow in rough conduits
Free surface flo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inprocomm | Inprocomm, Inc. (), formerly Integrated Programmable Communications, Inc., was a wireless semiconductor design firm, based in Taiwan. The company originally focused on producing IEEE 802.11b, g and a/g chips before beginning to branch out to other portable devices. It was acquired by MediaTek, Inc. in early 2005.
Products
Inprocomm produced seven wireless chip designs in total, along with accompanying reference designs for PCI, mini-PCI and CardBus. IPN2120 and IPN2220 are the most common; in particular, D-Link used an IPN2220 chip in their DI-624M router, and Linksys used the IPN2120 in some of their PCI cards (such as the WMP11 version 4) and mini-PCI cards. Linksys mini-PCI cards with IPN2220 can be found in some of the 2004 laptop models, such as the TravelMate 2300 and Aspire 1520 series from Acer, and the Packard Bell EasyNote A5560. Inprocomm chips have also been used in Buffalo and Toshiba products.
References
External links
Inprocomm website (from Wayback Machine, as of 2005-04-06)
List of products using the Inprocomm chipsets
Technology companies established in 2003
Technology companies disestablished in 2005
Fabless semiconductor companies
Semiconductor companies of Taiwan
2003 establishments in Taiwan
2005 disestablishments in Taiwan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B46 | HLA-B46 (B46) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the gene products of HLA-B*4601 allele.
B*4601 resulted from a rare, interlocus, gene conversion between B62, probably B*1501, and a HLA-C allele. B*4601 is the most common HLA-B allele that does not have an origin within Africa, and estimated 400 million people in Eastern Asia carry a B46 allele. When found B*4601 segregates with only 2 HLA-Cw alleles, A limited number of HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 alleles suggesting that the allele recently expanded from a limited sized group within SE Asia. Extremely low frequencies outside of Eastern Asia are indicators of a recent expansion of B46 from a recently small population. The frequency distribution suggests the ancestral B46 population was in SE China, or, potentially Burma (Myanmar or Laos, untested). B46 in Asia correlates with wet-rice farming. The exceptions are notable, it has been found in the Nivkhi on north-eastern Sakalin Island, the Ainu, and the Nivkhi-related (genetically) Tlinglet population of Alaska at trace levels.
Serotype
The serotyping is poor for B*4601 and it is preferable to use SSP-PCR. B*46:01 is one of the four B alleles that reacts with neither Bw4 nor Bw6. The others are B*18:06, B*55:03 and B*73:01.
B*4601 Allele Frequencies
A2-Cw11(1)-B46
This haplotype is unique in several regards, first and most importantly the B46 serotype is not from Africa, this distinguishes it from every other known B serotype. It is the result of a recombination event |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroneurogram | An electroneurogram is a method used to visualize directly recorded electrical activity of neurons in the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) or the peripheral nervous system (nerves, ganglions). The acronym ENG is often used. An electroneurogram is similar to an electromyogram (EMG), but the latter is used to visualize muscular activity. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a particular type of electroneurogram in which several electrodes are placed around the head and the general activity of the brain is recorded, without having very high resolution to distinguish between the activity of different groups of neurons.
An electroneurogram is usually obtained by placing an electrode in the neural tissue. The electrical activity generated by neurons is recorded by the electrode and transmitted to an acquisition system, which usually allows to visualize the activity of the neuron. Each vertical line in an electroneurogram represents one neuronal action potential. Depending on the precision of the electrode used to record neural activity, an electroneurogram can contain the activity of a single neuron to thousands of neurons. Researchers adapt the precision of their electrode to either focus on the activity of a single neuron or the general activity of a group of neurons, both strategies having their advantages.
External links
An example of a neural recording
Electrophysiology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo-like%20kinase | Polo-like kinases (Plks) are regulatory serine/threonin kinases of the cell cycle involved in mitotic entry, mitotic exit, spindle formation, cytokinesis, and meiosis. Only one Plk is found in the genomes of the fly Drosophila melanogaster (Polo), budding yeast (Cdc5) and fission yeast (Plo1). Vertebrates and other animals, however, have many Plk family members including Plk1 (Xenopus Plx1), Plk2/Snk (Xenopus Plx2), Plk3/Prk/FnK (Xenopus Plx3), Plk4/Sak and Plk5. Of the vertebrate Plk family members, the mammalian Plk1 has been most extensively studied. During mitosis and cytokinesis, Plks associate with several structures including the centrosome, kinetochores, and the central spindle.
Structure
The catalytic serine/threonine kinase domain of Plk is at the N-terminus of the polo-like kinase protein. A regulatory domain containing two signature motifs, known as polo box domains, is located at the C-terminus. The polo-box domain (PBD) helps with specificity of substrate and localizes Plk to specific mitotic structures during mitosis. These include the centrosomes in early M phase, the spindle midzone in early and late anaphase and the midbody during cytokinesis.
Regulation
Plks are controlled at the level of protein synthesis and degradation, by the action of upstream kinases and phosphatases, and by localization to specific subcellular structures. Plks are activated by phosphorylation within a short region of the catalytic domain called the T-loop (or activation loop), with |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20Shepparton | ABC Shepparton (call sign: 3GVR) is an ABC Local Radio station based in Shepparton, Victoria, Australia, broadcasting on 97.7 MHz, the frequency formerly occupied by ABC Goulburn Murray in circa 2006. The station features a local breakfast show hosted by Nic Healey between 6:30am and 9:00am each weekday.
Shepparton
Radio stations in Victoria (state)
Shepparton |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioretention | Bioretention is the process in which contaminants and sedimentation are removed from stormwater runoff. The main objective of the bioretention cell is to attenuate peak runoff as well as to remove stormwater runoff pollutants.
Construction of a bioretention area
Stormwater is firstly directed into the designed treatment area, which conventionally consists of a sand bed (which serves as a transition to the actual soil), a filter media layer (which consists of layered materials of various composition), and plants atop the filter media. Various soil amendment such as water treatment residue (WTR), Coconut husk, biochar etc have been proposed over the years. These materials were reported to have enhanced performance in terms of pollutant removal. Runoff passes first over or through a sand bed, which slows the runoff's velocity, distributes it evenly along the length of the ponding area, which consists of a surface organic layer and/or groundcover and the underlying planting soil. Stored water in the bioretention area planting soil exfiltrates over a period of days into the underlying soils.
Filtration
Each of the components of the bioretention area is designed to perform a specific function. The grass buffer strip reduces incoming runoff velocity and filters particulates from the runoff. The sand bed also reduces the velocity, filters particulates, and spreads flow over the length of the bioretention area. Aeration and drainage of the planting soil are provided by the deep |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetorheological%20damper | A magnetorheological damper or magnetorheological shock absorber is a damper filled with magnetorheological fluid, which is controlled by a magnetic field, usually using an electromagnet. This allows the damping characteristics of the shock absorber to be continuously controlled by varying the power of the electromagnet. Fluid viscosity increases within the damper as electromagnet intensity increases. This type of shock absorber has several applications, most notably in semi-active vehicle suspensions which may adapt to road conditions, as they are monitored through sensors in the vehicle, and in prosthetic limbs.
Types
Mono tube
Twin tube
Double-ended MR damper
VIP MR damper
Commercial applications
Many applications have been proposed using magnetorheological (MR) dampers. While vehicle applications are the most common use of MR dampers, useful medical applications have risen as well, including implants and rehabilitation methods. Since MR dampers are not yet perfect, they are limited in terms of application. Disadvantages do exist when using a large scale MR damper, for example, particle settling within the carrier fluid may occur that inhibits some possible application.
History
The technology was originally developed by General Motors Delphi Automotive Division based in the USA and then developed further by BeijingWest Industries in China after BeijingWest Industries bought the technology from General Motors. BeijingWest Industries has subsequently introduced improvemen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjer%20recursion | The Panjer recursion is an algorithm to compute the probability distribution approximation of a compound random variable
where both and are random variables and of special types. In more general cases the distribution of S is a compound distribution. The recursion for the special cases considered was introduced in a paper by Harry Panjer (Distinguished Emeritus Professor, University of Waterloo). It is heavily used in actuarial science (see also systemic risk).
Preliminaries
We are interested in the compound random variable where and fulfill the following preconditions.
Claim size distribution
We assume the to be i.i.d. and independent of . Furthermore the have to be distributed on a lattice with latticewidth .
In actuarial practice, is obtained by discretisation of the claim density function (upper, lower...).
Claim number distribution
The number of claims N is a random variable, which is said to have a "claim number distribution", and which can take values 0, 1, 2, .... etc.. For the "Panjer recursion", the probability distribution of N has to be a member of the Panjer class, otherwise known as the (a,b,0) class of distributions. This class consists of all counting random variables which fulfill the following relation:
for some and which fulfill . The initial value is determined such that
The Panjer recursion makes use of this iterative relationship to specify a recursive way of constructing the probability distribution of S. In the following d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroitinase%20treatment | Chondroitinase treatment is a treatment of proteoglycans, a protein in the fluid among cells where (among other things) they affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase treatment has been shown to allow adults vision to be restored as far as ocular dominance is concerned. Moreover, there is some evidence that Chondroitinase could be used for the treatment of spinal injuries.
In addition, the enzyme that is used in the chondroitinase treatment, chondroitinase ABC, derives from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris. In recent years, pre-clinical research involving the chondroitinase ABC enzyme has been mainly directed towards utilizing it as a way of treating spinal cord injuries in test animals using viral vectors. In general, the way chondroitinase ABC works in vivo is it cleaves off the side chains of molecules known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are over produced by glial cells in the central nervous system when a spinal injury occurs. When chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are bonded to their side chains called chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans, these molecules are known to prevent neural restoration to the damaged region of the central nervous system because they form glial scar tissue which inhibits both neuroplasticity and repair of damaged axons. However, when the side chains of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are cleaved by chondroitinase ABC, this promotes the damaged region of the CNS to recover from the spinal cord |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10 | ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. Work on ICD-10 began in 1983, became endorsed by the Forty-third World Health Assembly in 1990, and was first used by member states in 1994. It was replaced by ICD-11 on January 1, 2022.
While WHO manages and publishes the base version of the ICD, several member states have modified it to better suit their needs. In the base classification, the code set allows for more than 14,000 different codes and permits the tracking of many new diagnoses compared to the preceding ICD-9. Through the use of optional sub-classifications, ICD-10 allows for specificity regarding the cause, manifestation, location, severity, and type of injury or disease. The adapted versions may differ in a number of ways, and some national editions have expanded the code set even further; with some going so far as to add procedure codes. ICD-10-CM, for example, has over 70,000 codes.
The WHO provides detailed information regarding the ICD via its website – including an ICD-10 online browser and ICD training materials. The online training includes a support forum, a self-learning tool and user guide.
Chapters
The following table lists the chapter number (using Roman numer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBSCAN | Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is a data clustering algorithm proposed by Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander and Xiaowei Xu in 1996.
It is a density-based clustering non-parametric algorithm: given a set of points in some space, it groups together points that are closely packed together (points with many nearby neighbors), marking as outliers points that lie alone in low-density regions (whose nearest neighbors are too far away).
DBSCAN is one of the most common, and most commonly cited, clustering algorithms.
In 2014, the algorithm was awarded the test of time award (an award given to algorithms which have received substantial attention in theory and practice) at the leading data mining conference, ACM SIGKDD. , the follow-up paper "DBSCAN Revisited, Revisited: Why and How You Should (Still) Use DBSCAN" appears in the list of the 8 most downloaded articles of the prestigious ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) journal.
The popular follow-up HDBSCAN* was initially published by Ricardo J. G. Campello, David Moulavi, and Jörg Sander in 2013, then expanded upon with Arthur Zimek in 2015. It revises some of the original decisions such as the border points and produces a hierarchical instead of a flat result.
History
In 1972, Robert F. Ling published a closely related algorithm in "The Theory and Construction of k-Clusters" in The Computer Journal with an estimated runtime complexity of O(n³). DBSCAN has a worst-case of O |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Glider%20mode | Night Glider mode (or "XVV Night Glider mode") is one of the procedures for orienting the solar arrays on the International Space Station.
Normally the photovoltaic solar arrays of the space station track the sun. However, one of the main causes of orbital decay on the space station is that the area of the solar arrays, brushing against the thin residual atmosphere at orbital altitude, results in a small amount of aerodynamic drag. The drag can be lowered by orienting the solar arrays in "sun slicer" mode, where they fly edge-on to the orbital direction, rather than tracking the sun, however, this orientation reduces the power produced. The "night glider" mode is a hybrid orientation, where the solar arrays track the sun during the period when the space station is illuminated, are rotated edge-on to the orbital direction when it enters in the Earth's shadow, and then are returned to their tracking position when the station re-enters sunlight. This reduces the average drag on the station's solar arrays by about 30 percent, with no reduction in power.
Use of night-glider mode had been proposed at NASA Lewis early in the space station's history, but was only implemented in 2003, after the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, when the ability of the Space Shuttle to bring propellant to the station for orbital maintenance was removed while the Space Shuttle program went through a period of redesign. The implementation of drag-reducing flight modes of the space station resulted i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SP3 | SP3 may refer to:
sp3 hybrids, a type of orbital hybridisation
Sp3 transcription factor, a protein and the gene which encodes it
Savoia-Pomilio SP.3, a reconnaissance and bomber aircraft built in Italy
, an armed motorboat
1971 SP3 or 3922 Heather, a main-belt asteroid discovered on September 26, 1971
1984 SP3 or 3155 Lee, a main-belt asteroid discovered on September 28, 1984
SP3, a model of steam toy made by British manufacturer Mamod
Service pack 3, for computer software
Socket SP3, a CPU socket for AMD processors
SP3, a sink in the Sima Pumacocha, a cave in Peru
Surface Pro 3, a 2-in-1 personal computer by Microsoft |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leithiinae | Leithiinae is a subfamily of dormice. It is named after the Leithia, an extinct genus of giant dormouse from the Pleistocene of Sicily.
Classification
Subfamily Leithiinae
Genus Chaetocauda
Chinese dormouse, Chaetocauda sichuanensis
Genus Dryomys
Woolly dormouse, Dryomys laniger
Balochistan forest dormouse, Dryomys niethammeri
Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula
Genus Eliomys, garden dormice
Asian garden dormouse, Eliomys melanurus
Maghreb garden dormouse, Eliomys munbyanus
Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus
Genus Hypnomys† (Balearic dormouse)
Hypnomys morphaeus†
Hypnomys mahonensis†
Genus Leithia†
Genus Muscardinus
Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius
Genus Myomimus, mouse-tailed dormice
Masked mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus personatus
Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi
Setzer's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus setzeri
Genus Selevinia
Desert dormouse, Selevinia betpakdalaensis
References
Holden, M. E.. 2005. Family Gliridae. pp. 819–841 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Dormice
Mammal subfamilies
Taxa named by Richard Lydekker |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEAD2 | TEAD2 (ETF, ETEF-1, TEF-4), together with TEAD1, defines a novel family of transcription factors, the TEAD family, highly conserved through evolution.
TEAD proteins were notably found in Drosophila (Scalloped), C. elegans (egl -44), S. cerevisiae and A. nidulans.
TEAD2 has been less studied than TEAD1 but a few studies revealed its role during development.
Function
TEAD2 is a member of the mammalian TEAD transcription factor family (initially named the transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF) family), which contain the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain. Members of the family in mammals are TEAD1, TEAD2, TEAD3, TEAD4.
Tissue distribution
TEAD2 is selectively expressed in a subset of embryonic tissues including the cerebellum, testis, and distal portions of the forelimb and hindlimb buds, as well as the tail bud, but it is essentially absent from adult tissues. TEAD2 has also been shown to be expressed very early during development, i.e. from the 2-cell stage.
TEAD orthologs
TEAD proteins are found in many organisms under different names, assuming different functions.
For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae TEC-1 regulates the transposable element TY1 and is involved in pseudohyphale growth (the elongated shape that yeasts take when grown in nutrient-poor conditions).
In Aspergillus nidulans, the TEA domain protein ABAA regulates the differentiation of conidiophores.
In drosophila the transcription factor Scalloped is involved in the development of the wing disc, survival and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucal | Glucal is the glycal formed from glucose. It is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of oligosaccharides.
Glucal and its derivatives can be converted to other chemically useful sugars using the Ferrier rearrangement.
References
Monosaccharides
Oxygen heterocycles
Heterocyclic compounds with 1 ring |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20diffraction%20imaging | Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a "lensless" technique for 2D or 3D reconstruction of the image of nanoscale structures such as nanotubes, nanocrystals, porous nanocrystalline layers, defects, potentially proteins, and more. In CDI, a highly coherent beam of X-rays, electrons or other wavelike particle or photon is incident on an object.
The beam scattered by the object produces a diffraction pattern downstream which is then collected by a detector. This recorded pattern is then used to reconstruct an image via an iterative feedback algorithm. Effectively, the objective lens in a typical microscope is replaced with software to convert from the reciprocal space diffraction pattern into a real space image. The advantage in using no lenses is that the final image is aberration–free and so resolution is only diffraction and dose limited (dependent on wavelength, aperture size and exposure). Applying a simple inverse Fourier transform to information with only intensities is insufficient for creating an image from the diffraction pattern due to the missing phase information. This is called the phase problem.
Imaging process
The overall imaging process can be broken down in four simple steps:
1. Coherent beam scatters from sample
2. Modulus of Fourier transform measured
3. Computational algorithms used to retrieve phases
4. Image recovered by Inverse Fourier transform
In CDI, the objective lens used in a traditional microscope is replaced with computational algorith |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagetech%20Solutions | VillageTech Solutions
began with EcoSystems (Nepal) in 1996, to improve living standards for rural people by creating affordable energy and transport products. VTS creates inexpensive technology by focusing creative talent on problems ignored by commercial investors because the solutions are intentionally easily copied, and the markets are distorted by conflicting cultures, governments, subsidies and real conflict.
The VTS mission is to apply simple, locally appropriate technology to problems in education, transportation, health and economic development.
VTS is the American non-profit offshoot of EcoSystems Pvt Ltd in Nepal, founded by David and Haydi Sowerwine in 1996 to provide ‘energy and transport solutions’ in Nepal where they lived for 14 years. In that time EcoSystems built 38 “WireBridges” across Himalayan rivers to connect villagers with medical care, schools and trade. Since 1998 the bridges have moved an estimated 3.5 million passengers without harm.
In 2009 the Sowerwines launched a successor WireBridge builder in Kathmandu, the locally owned and operated: VillageSolutions Pvt. Ltd.
VTS won the esteemed Tech Museum Award in 2003.
Rural Education
VillageTech Solutions is developing Looma for use in rural schools in Nepal and elsewhere.
Looma is an affordable, battery-powered (12V, 55W) audiovisual
device that brings a large library of content and enhanced learning
media tools to village schools that have never seen electricity,
computers, or in some ca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20second%20harmonic%20generation | Surface second harmonic generation is a method for probing interfaces in atomic and molecular systems. In second harmonic generation (SHG), the light frequency is doubled, essentially converting two photons of the original beam of energy E into a single photon of energy 2E as it interacts with noncentrosymmetric media. Surface second harmonic generation is a special case of SHG where the second beam is generated because of a break of symmetry caused by an interface. Since centrosymmetric symmetry in centrosymmetric media is only disrupted in the first (occasionally second and third) atomic or molecular layer of a system, properties of the second harmonic signal then provide information about the surface atomic or molecular layers only. Surface SHG is possible even for materials which do not exhibit SHG in the bulk. Although in many situations the dominant second harmonic signal arises from the broken symmetry at the surface, the signal in fact always has contributions from both the surface and bulk. Thus, the most sensitive experiments typically involve modification of a surface and study of the subsequent modification of the harmonic generation properties.
History
Second harmonic generation from a surface was first observed by Terhune, Maker, and Savage at the Ford Motor Company in 1962,
one year after Franken et al. first discovered second harmonic generation in bulk crystals. Prior to Terhune's discovery, it was believed that crystals could only exhibit second harmo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isofoton | Founded in 1981 Isofoton was a Spanish leading manufacturer of photovoltaic cells and modules that had its HQ in Málaga and a distribution network present in over 60 countries. It started as a spin-off of the pioneering research programme of the Institute of Solar Energy of the Technical University of Madrid (IES-UPM) in the field of silicon bifacial solar cells, today a mainstream solar cell technology. In fact, it was the very first factory in the world to mass produce, market and install this type of solar cell technology. By 1987 it abandoned manufacturing of bifacials and transitioned to conventional monofacial solar cells, still, it forged ahead successfully and from 2000 to 2005 it ranked among the top 10 PV manufacturers in the world. At its peak, by 2007, Isofoton employed 1142 people, produced 103MW and had an annual turnover of 414 million euros. In 2014 it filed for bankruptcy, as happened with almost all of the European and US PV manufacturers operating at the time, mainly due to the price pressure of a new wave of Chinese manufacturers.
History
Isofoton was founded in 1981 as a spin-off of a university research project on the development of bifacial solar cells led by Professor Antonio Luque, director of the Institute of Solar Energy of the Technical University of Madrid. This research project had started around 1975 and had investigated, patented and produced different bifacial solar cell architectures. The best performing of these, an npp+ structure, was sele |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sod%20shock%20tube | The Sod shock tube problem, named after Gary A. Sod, is a common test for the accuracy of computational fluid codes, like Riemann solvers, and was heavily investigated by Sod in 1978.
The test consists of a one-dimensional Riemann problem with the following parameters, for left and right states of an ideal gas.
,
where
is the density
is the pressure
is the velocity
The time evolution of this problem can be described by solving the Euler equations,
which leads to three characteristics, describing the propagation speed of the
various regions of the system. Namely the rarefaction wave, the contact discontinuity and
the shock discontinuity.
If this is solved numerically, one can test against the analytical solution,
and get information how well a code captures and resolves shocks and contact discontinuities
and reproduce the correct density profile of the rarefaction wave.
Analytic derivation
NOTE: The equations provided below are only correct when rarefaction takes place on left side of domain and shock happens on right side of domain.
The different states of the solution are separated by the time evolution of the
three characteristics of the system, which is due to the finite speed
of information propagation. Two of them are equal to the speed
of sound of the left and right states
where is the adiabatic gamma.
The first one is the position of the beginning of the rarefaction wave while
the other is the velocity of the propagation of the shock.
Defining:
,
The stat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20Dourandi | Dennis Dourandi (born February 8, 1983) is a Cameroonian footballer who currently plays as a striker for Université FC de Ngaoundéré.
External links
Profile
2. Bundesliga statistics
Living people
1983 births
Étoile Sportive du Sahel players
Újpest FC players
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
Cameroonian men's footballers
S.C. Olhanense players
Unisport FC de Bafang players
Men's association football forwards
Cameroonian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URA3 | URA3 is a gene on chromosome V in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Its systematic name is YEL021W. URA3 is often used in yeast research as a "marker gene", that is, a gene to label chromosomes or plasmids. URA3 encodes Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase), which is an enzyme that catalyzes one reaction in the synthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides (a component of RNA).
Use in yeast research
Loss of ODCase activity leads to a lack of cell growth unless uracil or uridine is added to the media. The presence of the URA3 gene in yeast restores ODCase activity, facilitating growth on media not supplemented with uracil or uridine, thereby allowing selection for yeast carrying the gene. In contrast, if 5-FOA (5-Fluoroorotic acid) is added to the media, the active ODCase will convert 5-FOA into the toxic compound (a suicide inhibitor) 5-fluorouracil causing cell death, which allows for selection against yeast carrying the gene.
Since URA3 allows for both positive and negative selection, it has been developed as a genetic marker for DNA transformations and other genetic techniques in bacteria and many fungal species. It is one of the most important genetic markers in yeast genetic modification. While URA3 is a powerful selectable marker, it has a high background. This background is because cells that pick up mutations in URA3 may also grow on 5-FOA. Colonies should be verified by a second assay such as PCR to confirm the desired strain has been created.
References
Exter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophin%201 | Atrophin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATN1 gene. The encoded protein includes a serine repeat and a region of alternating acidic and basic amino acids, as well as the variable glutamine repeat. The function of Atrophin-1 has not yet been determined. There is evidence provided by studies of Atrophin-1 in animals to suggest it acts as a transcriptional co-repressor. Atrophin-1 can be found in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of neurons. It is expressed in nervous tissue.
Function
The function of Atrophin-1 has not been defined yet. It is widely hypothesized that Atrophin-1 functions as a transcriptional co-repressor. A transcriptional co-repressor is a protein that indirectly suppresses the activity of specific genes by interacting with DNA-binding proteins.
Clinical significance
The ATN1 gene has a segment of DNA called the CAG trinucleotide repeat. It is made up of cytosine, adenine, and guanine. The number of CAG repeats in the ATN1 gene in a healthy person will range from six to thirty-five repeats. CAG repeats that exceed thirty-five can cause a gain-of-function mutation in ATN1. Studies have supported the idea that mutated Atrophin-1 gathers in neurons and disrupts cell function. The sequence of the ATN1 gene contains a nuclear localizing signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES). It has been shown that a mutation of the NES in ATN1 can change where ATN1 localizes, and can cause aggregation to occur in the nucleus. This can lead to a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioversity%20International | Bioversity International is a global research-for-development organization that delivers scientific evidence, management practices and policy options to use and safeguard agricultural biodiversity to attain global food- and nutrition security, working with partners in low-income countries in different regions where agricultural biodiversity can contribute to improved nutrition, resilience, productivity and climate change adaptation.
Bioversity International is a member of the CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future.
The organization is highly decentralized, with about 300 staff working around the world with regional offices located in Central and South America, West and Central Africa, East and Southern Africa, Central and South Asia, and South-east Asia. In the summer of 2021 headquarters was moved to the Aventine Hill near the FAO in Rome, Italy,
In 2019, Bioversity International joined with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (as the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT) to "deliver research-based solutions that harness agricultural biodiversity and sustainably transform food systems to improve people’s lives".
Background
Bioversity International is a research-for-development organization focused on safeguarding and using agricultural biodiversity to help meet challenges such as adaptation to climate change and increased sustainable production.
The organization takes the view that diversity offers opportunities not only th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI%20contrast%20agent | MRI contrast agents are contrast agents used to improve the visibility of internal body structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The most commonly used compounds for contrast enhancement are gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Such MRI contrast agents shorten the relaxation times of nuclei within body tissues following oral or intravenous administration.
Theory of operation
In MRI scanners, sections of the body are exposed to a strong magnetic field causing primarily the hydrogen nuclei ("spins") of water in tissues to be polarized in the direction of the magnetic field. An intense radiofrequency pulse is applied that tips the magnetization generated by the hydrogen nuclei in the direction of the receiver coil where the spin polarization can be detected. Random molecular rotational oscillations matching the resonance frequency of the nuclear spins provide the "relaxation" mechanisms that bring the net magnetization back to its equilibrium position in alignment with the applied magnetic field. The magnitude of the spin polarization detected by the receiver is used to form the MR image but decays with a characteristic time constant known as the T1 relaxation time. Water protons in different tissues have different T1 values, which is one of the main sources of contrast in MR images. A contrast agent usually shortens, but in some instances increases, the value of T1 of nearby water protons thereby altering the contrast in the image.
Most clinically used MRI contra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20Delion | Gilles Delion (born 5 August 1966) is a French former road bicycle racer. His greatest achievements include winning the Giro di Lombardia in 1990 and the young rider classification in the 1990 Tour de France.
Early in his career, Delion was seen as a great promise, but Delion ended his career in 1996, saying that at that point doping was widespread in the cycling peloton, and that all French teams were involved. Willy Voet wrote in his book "Massacre à la chaîne" that Delion was against doping, and that other cyclists ridiculed Delion for that.
Major results
1988
3rd Overall Ronde de l'Isard
3rd Grand Prix des Amériques
1989
1st Gran Premio di Lugano
2nd Overall Tour de Romandie
2nd Giro di Lombardia
3rd GP Ouest–France
7th Giro dell'Emilia
7th Milano–Torino
1990
1st Young rider classification, Tour de France
1st Giro di Lombardia
2nd Overall Critérium International
1st Stage 2
2nd Giro dell'Emilia
2nd Giro del Lazio
3rd Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
3rd Milan–San Remo
3rd Milano–Torino
5th UCI Road World Cup
9th Züri-Metzgete
1991
4th Wincanton Classic
9th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
1992
1st Classique des Alpes
1st Stage 7 Tour de France
3rd Grand Prix La Marseillaise
4th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
1993
Mi-Août Bretonne
1st Stages 3 & 8
3rd Overall Tour du Limousin
5th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
10th Giro dell'Emilia
1994
1st Grand Prix de Rennes
1st Grand Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise
2nd Overall Tour de l'Ain
1st Stage 2
References
Extern |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulence%20%28disambiguation%29 | Turbulence is a phenomenon involving the irregular motion of air and fluids, studied in fluid dynamics.
Turbulence may also refer to:
Physics and technology
Clear-air turbulence, a high-altitude aviation hazard
Wake turbulence, forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air
Wave turbulence, a set of waves deviated far from thermal equilibrium
Movies and TV
Turbulence (U.S. film series)
Turbulence (1997 film), a 1997 action film
Turbulence 2: Fear of Flying (1999 film) direct-to-video action film
Turbulence 3: Heavy Metal (2001 film) direct-to-video action film
Turbulence (2000 film), a 2000 Brazilian film
Turbulence (2011 film), a 2011 British film
Turbulence (2016), Lifetime Movie Network television film
"Turbulence" (CSI: NY episode)
"Turbulence" (Smallville episode), a season 8 episode of Smallville
Literature
Turbulence (novel), a 2005 children's book by Jan Mark
Turbulence, a 2010 superhero novel by Samit Basu
Turbulence, a novel by Giles Foden
Music
Turbulence (musician) (born 1980), Jamaican reggae musician
Turbulence (Aviator album)
Turbulence (Steve Howe album)
"Turbulence", a song from Warren Zevon's 1989 album, Transverse City
Turbulence, a 2007 album by Monoral
"Turbulence", a single from Bowling for Soup's 2011 album, Fishin' for Woos
"Turbulence" (song), a 2011 song by Laidback Luke, Steve Aoki, and Lil Jon
Other uses
Turbulence.org, an arts organization
Turbulence (NSA), a surveillance and cyberwarfare system
Turbulence, a 2005 proposed roller co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoretic%20light%20scattering | Electrophoretic light scattering (also known as laser Doppler electrophoresis and phase analysis light scattering ) is based on dynamic light scattering. The frequency shift or phase shift of an incident laser beam depends on the dispersed particles mobility. With dynamic light scattering, Brownian motion causes particle motion. With electrophoretic light scattering, oscillating electric field performs this function.
The method is used for measuring electrophoretic mobility, from which zeta potential can then be calculated. Instruments for applying the method are commercially available from several manufacturers. The last set of calculations requires information on viscosity and dielectric permittivity of the dispersion medium; appropriate electrophoresis theory is also required. Sample dilution is often necessary to eliminate multiple scattering of the incident laser beam and/or particle interactions.
Instrumentation
A laser beam passes through the electrophoresis cell, irradiates the particles dispersed in it, and is scattered by the particles. The scattered light is detected by a photo-multiplier after passing through two pinholes. There are two types of optical systems: heterodyne and fringe.
Ware and Flygare developed a heterodyne-type ELS instrument, that was the first instrument of this type. In a fringe optics ELS instrument, a laser beam is divided into two beams. Those cross inside the electrophresis cell at a fixed angle to produce a fringe pattern. The scatter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic%20eigenvalue%20problem | In mathematics, the quadratic eigenvalue problem (QEP), is to find scalar eigenvalues , left eigenvectors and right eigenvectors such that
where , with matrix coefficients and we require that , (so that we have a nonzero leading coefficient). There are eigenvalues that may be infinite or finite, and possibly zero. This is a special case of a nonlinear eigenproblem. is also known as a quadratic polynomial matrix.
Spectral theory
A QEP is said to be regular if identically. The coefficient of the term in is , implying that the QEP is regular if is nonsingular.
Eigenvalues at infinity and eigenvalues at 0 may be exchanged by considering the reversed polynomial, . As there are eigenvectors in a dimensional space, the eigenvectors cannot be orthogonal. It is possible to have the same eigenvector attached to different eigenvalues.
Applications
Systems of differential equations
Quadratic eigenvalue problems arise naturally in the solution of systems of second order linear differential equations without forcing:
Where , and . If all quadratic eigenvalues of are distinct, then the solution can be written in terms of the quadratic eigenvalues and right quadratic eigenvectors as
Where are the quadratic eigenvalues, are the right quadratic eigenvectors, and is a parameter vector determined from the initial conditions on and .
Stability theory for linear systems can now be applied, as the behavior of a solution depends explicitly on the (quadratic) eigenvalues.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffery%20Taubenberger | Jeffery K. Taubenberger (born 1961 in Landstuhl, Germany) is an American virologist. With Ann Reid, he was the first to sequence the genome of the influenza virus which caused the 1918 pandemic of Spanish flu. He is Chief of the Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Taubenberger's laboratory studies a number of viruses, including influenza A viruses (IAVs), which are the pathogens that cause yearly flu epidemics and have caused periodic pandemics, such as the 1968 outbreak that killed an estimated one million people. His research aims to inform public health strategies on several important aspects of flu: seasonal flu; avian flu, which circulates among birds and has infected humans in the past; swine flu, which circulates among pigs and has infected humans in the past; and pandemic flu, which can arise from numerous sources and spread quickly because humans have little to no immunity to it.
Training
Taubenberger was born in Germany, the third son of an Army officer. When he was nine he moved to a suburb of Washington, D.C., with his parents after his father was posted at the Pentagon. He completed a combined M.D. (1986) and Ph.D. (1987) at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond in a course designed for students who wanted to follow a career in medical research. For his thesis he studied how stem cells of the bone marrow differentiate into the m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump%20diffusion | Jump diffusion is a stochastic process that involves jumps and diffusion. It has important applications in magnetic reconnection, coronal mass ejections, condensed matter physics, option pricing, and pattern theory and computational vision.
In physics
In crystals, atomic diffusion typically consists of jumps between vacant lattice sites. On time and length scales that average over many single jumps, the net motion of the jumping atoms can be described as regular diffusion.
Jump diffusion can be studied on a microscopic scale by inelastic neutron scattering and by Mößbauer spectroscopy. Closed expressions for the autocorrelation function have been derived for several jump(-diffusion) models:
Singwi, Sjölander 1960: alternation between oscillatory motion and directed motion
Chudley, Elliott 1961: jumps on a lattice
Sears 1966, 1967: jump diffusion of rotational degrees of freedom
Hall, Ross 1981: jump diffusion within a restricted volume
In economics and finance
In option pricing, a jump-diffusion model is a form of mixture model, mixing a jump process and a diffusion process. Jump-diffusion models have been introduced by Robert C. Merton as an extension of jump models. Due to their computational tractability, the special case of a basic affine jump diffusion is popular for some credit risk and short-rate models.
In pattern theory, computer vision, and medical imaging
In pattern theory and computational vision in medical imaging, jump-diffusion processes were first |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehomogeneous%20vector%20space | In mathematics, a prehomogeneous vector space (PVS) is a finite-dimensional vector space V together with a subgroup G of the general linear group GL(V) such that G has an open dense orbit in V. Prehomogeneous vector spaces were introduced by Mikio Sato in 1970 and have many applications in geometry, number theory and analysis, as well as representation theory. The irreducible PVS were classified by Sato and Tatsuo Kimura in 1977, up to a transformation known as "castling". They are subdivided into two types, according to whether the semisimple part of G acts prehomogeneously or not. If it doesn't then there is a homogeneous polynomial on V which is invariant under the semisimple part of G.
Setting
In the setting of Sato, G is an algebraic group and V is a rational representation of G which has a (nonempty) open orbit in the Zariski topology. However, PVS can also be studied from the point of view of Lie theory: for instance, in Knapp (2002), G is a complex Lie group and V is a holomorphic representation of G with an open dense orbit. The two approaches are essentially the same, and the theory has validity over the real numbers. We assume, for simplicity of notation, that the action of G on V is a faithful representation. We can then identify G with its image in GL(V), although in practice it is sometimes convenient to let G be a covering group.
Although prehomogeneous vector spaces do not necessarily decompose into direct sums of irreducibles, it is natural to study the ir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle%20cell%20lymphoma | Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprising about 6% of cases. It is named for the mantle zone of the lymph nodes where it develops. The term 'mantle cell lymphoma' was first adopted by Raffeld and Jaffe in 1991.
MCL is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma, due to CD5 positive antigen-naive pregerminal center B-cell within the mantle zone that surrounds normal germinal center follicles. MCL cells generally over-express cyclin D1 due to the t(11:14) translocation, a chromosomal translocation in the DNA.
Signs and symptoms
People with mantle cell lymphoma typically present with symptoms later in life, with a median age of onset between 60 and 70 years of age. In Western countries MCL accounts for around 7% of adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, with between 4 to 8 per cases per million diagnosed each year. The incidence of MCL increases with age. In the United States, the median age for its diagnosis is 68 years. Three-quarters of patients are men. In addition, patients are more likely to be Caucasian.
People commonly present with a non-localizing lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes) with B symptoms including fevers, chills and night sweats sometimes being present. 80% of patients present with stage 3 or 4 disease (advanced disease) at the time of diagnosis, with involvement of the bone marrow, liver or gastrointestinal tract. 25% of patients present with a bulky lymphadenopathy characterized by lymph nodes greater than 10 cm in size. Other patients |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLUX | KLUX (branded as "Good Company 89.5") is a radio station serving the Corpus Christi area of Texas with a secular, light adult music format. It broadcasts on FM frequency 89.5 MHz and is under ownership of the Diocesan Telecommunications Corporation, which is in turn part of the Diocese of Corpus Christi.
KLUX also broadcasts Relevant Radio on an HD Radio subchannel.
History
In February 1984, the Diocese of Corpus Christi received construction permits to build new radio stations on 89.5 MHz in Robstown and 88.1 MHz in Laredo, which was then part of the diocese. The names KLUX, with meaning "light" in Latin, and KHOY, with meaning "today" in Spanish, were chosen for the new stations. KLUX was also to be known as the "Light of the Coastal Bend". The radio stations project represented part of an ambitious media project for the diocese, known as the Catholic Communications Network, which also included the planned establishment of a television station in Laredo; the diocese already produced television programs for air on public-access cable channels and commercial stations. An $860,000 grant from the John G. and Maria Stella Kenedy Foundation supported their establishment.
KLUX began broadcasting on March 13, 1985, with a formal dedication ceremony being held at the studios in Robstown in late May. The format consisted of blocks of easy listening music—the diocese hired a company to screen out songs with suggestive or degrading lyrics—as well as religious music at specific tim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Libert%C3%A9 | Liberté was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the mid-1900s. She was the lead ship of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Liberté carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Liberté was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service, rendering her obsolescent.
On entering service, Liberté was assigned to the 2nd Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She immediately began the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. In September 1909, the ships of the 2nd Division crossed the Atlantic to the United States to represent France at the Hudson–Fulton Celebration.
Libertés active career was cut short on 25 September 1911 when a fire broke out in one of the ship's propellant magazines and led to a detonation of the charges stored there, destroying the ship in a tremendous explosion that killed 286 of her crew. The blast also damaged several other vessels and killed crewmen on six neighboring ships. An investigation revealed that the standard French propellant, Poudre B, was p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillating%20U-tube | The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the density of liquids and gases based on an electronic measurement of the frequency of oscillation, from which the density value is calculated. This measuring principle is based on the Mass-Spring Model.
The sample is filled into a container with oscillation capacity. The eigenfrequency of this container is influenced by the sample's mass. This container with oscillation capacity is a hollow, U-shaped glass tube (oscillating U-tube) which is electronically excited into undamped oscillation. The two branches of the U-shaped oscillator function as its spring elements.
The direction of oscillation is normal to the level of the two branches. The oscillator's eigenfrequency is only influenced by the part of the sample that is actually involved in the oscillation. The volume involved in the oscillation is limited by the stationary oscillation knots at the bearing points of the oscillator. If the oscillator is at least filled up to its bearing points, the same precisely defined volume always participates in the oscillation, thus the measured value of the sample's mass can be used to calculate its density.
Overfilling the oscillator beyond the bearing points is irrelevant to the measurement. For this reason the oscillator can also be employed to measure the density of sample media that flow through the tube (Continuous Measurement).
In modern digital density meters, Piezo elements are used to excite the U-tube whereby optical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic%20Stem%20Cell%20Research%20Oversight%20Committees | The National Academies called for the establishment of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight (ESCRO) Committees in its 2005 Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research to manage the ethical and legal concerns in human embryonic stem cell research. Because of the complexity and novelty of many of the issues involved in that research, the Guidelines committee believes that all research institutions engaged in human embryonic stem cell research should create and maintain these committees at the local level.
The composition and responsibilities of ESCRO committees was further clarified in the Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, released in February 2007.
Organization
The National Academies' Guidelines make clear that activities related to human embryonic stem cell research should be overseen by an ESCRO committee. Those committees could be internal to a single institution or established jointly with one or more other institutions. Alternatively, an institution may have its proposals reviewed by an ESCRO committee of another institution or by an independent ESCRO committee. Many of these changes are discussed in the 2007 Amendments.
Composition
The composition of ESCRO committees was specified to include representatives of the public and people with expertise in developmental biology, stem cell research, molecular biology, assisted reproduction, and ethical and legal issues in human embryonic stem cell research.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Justice | Justice was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the early 1900s. She was the second member of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Justice carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Justice was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service, rendering her obsolescent.
On entering service, Justice became the flagship of the 2nd Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She immediately began the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. In September 1909, the ships of the 2nd Division crossed the Atlantic to the United States to represent France at the Hudson–Fulton Celebration. She collided with her sister ship twice, the first in December 1913 and the second in August 1914, though she was not badly damaged in either accident.
Following the outbreak of war in July 1914, Justice was used to escort troopship convoys carrying elements of the French Army from French North Africa to face the Germans invading northern France. She thereafter steamed to contain the Austro-Hungarian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9 | Vérité was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the mid-1900s. She was the second member of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Vérité carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Vérité was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service and rendered her obsolescent.
Even before being commissioned into service with the fleet, Vérité carried President Armand Fallières on a tour of the Baltic Sea in 1908. After formally entering service, Vérité was assigned to the 2nd Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She then embarked on the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. In September 1909, the ships of the 2nd Division crossed the Atlantic to the United States to represent France at the Hudson–Fulton Celebration.
Following the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, Justice was used to escort troopship convoys carrying elements of the French Army from French North Africa to face the Germans invading northern France. She thereafter steamed to contain the Austro-Hungarian Navy i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20D%C3%A9mocratie | Démocratie was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the mid-1900s. She was the fourth member of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Démocratie carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Démocratie was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service, rendering her obsolescent.
On entering service, Démocratie joined the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She immediately began the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. Following the outbreak of war in July 1914, Démocratie was used to escort troopship convoys carrying elements of the French Army from French North Africa to face the Germans invading northern France. She thereafter steamed to contain the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the Adriatic Sea, taking part in the minor Battle of Antivari in August. The increasing threat of Austro-Hungarian U-boats and the unwillingness of the Austro-Hungarian fleet to engage in battle led to a period of monotonous patrols that ended with Italy's entry into the war on the side of France, which allowed t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6dra%20Cell%20Tofte | Södra Cell Tofte is a pulp mill located at Tofte in Buskerud, Norway.
The plant dates back to 1897 when Tofte Cellulosefabrik was founded at the initiative of industrialist Anthon B. Nilsen.
The raw material used at the plant is from eucalyptus, pine and spruce. The plant received about 25% of all Norwegian timber.
Tofte Industrier was formed in 1983 to operate the plant and produce chemical paper pulp. In 1989 Tofte Industrier was merged into Norske Skog. The plant was owned by the Swedish company Södra Skogsägarna from 2000 when it bought the plant and changed its name to Södra Cell Tofte.
In 2013, it was announced that the plant would be shut down due to lack of profit. In July 2013 it was announced that the decision to close the plant was definite after several attempts to sell it had failed.
In May 2014, Statkraft and Södra Cell signed a letter of intent to form a company with the goal of establishing future biofuel production based on forest raw material. Under the agreement, Statkraft will acquire Södra Cell Tofte AS, which owns the industrial site of the former Tofte cellulose plant.
References
Pulp and paper mills in Norway
Manufacturing companies of Norway
Companies based in Buskerud
Manufacturing companies established in 1897
Norske Skog
1897 establishments in Norway
Hurum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lommel%20function | The Lommel differential equation, named after Eugen von Lommel, is an inhomogeneous form of the Bessel differential equation:
Solutions are given by the Lommel functions sμ,ν(z) and Sμ,ν(z), introduced by ,
where Jν(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind and Yν(z) a Bessel function of the second kind.
See also
Anger function
Lommel polynomial
Struve function
Weber function
References
External links
Weisstein, Eric W. "Lommel Differential Equation." From MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Lommel Function." From MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource.
Special functions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%20%28computational%20geometry%29 | In computational geometry, the bin is a data structure that allows efficient region queries. Each time a data point falls into a bin, the frequency of that bin is increased by one.
For example, if there are some axis-aligned rectangles on a 2D plane, the structure can answer the question, "Given a query rectangle, what are the rectangles intersecting it?" In the example in the top figure, A, B, C, D, E and F are existing rectangles, so the query with the rectangle Q should return C, D, E and F, if we define all rectangles as closed intervals.
The data structure partitions a region of the 2D plane into uniform-sized bins. The bounding box of the bins encloses all candidate rectangles to be queried. All the bins are arranged in a 2D array. All the candidates are represented also as 2D arrays. The size of a candidate's array is the number of bins it intersects.
For example, in the top figure, candidate B has 6 elements arranged in a 3 row by 2 column array because it intersects 6 bins in such an arrangement. Each bin contains the head of a singly linked list. If a candidate intersects a bin, it is chained to the bin's linked list. Each element in a candidate's array is a link node in the corresponding bin's linked list.
Operations
Query
From the query rectangle Q, we can find out which bin its lower-left corner intersects efficiently by simply subtracting the bin's bounding box's lower-left corner from the lower-left corner of Q and dividing the result by the width and he |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20G.%20Bailey | Dr. Charles Gene Bailey has been the Faculty Manager of WMUL, Marshall University's student operated radio station, since 1985. He is also a professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communications, specializing in Radio and Television Production and Management. Dr. Bailey was raised in Proctor Bottom, Logan County, West Virginia, where, as a child, he listened to Cleveland Browns games on the radio and dreamed of becoming a broadcaster. He graduated from Man High School in 1970, and seldom missed Man Hillbilly football games (wherever in the state they were played) for the next thirty years.
His father owned a trucking company that hauled coal for local coal mines. For a time Bailey himself worked for his father's company before obtaining a master's degree from Marshall University in 1985. He subsequently accepted the position of faculty manager with WMUL, which at that time had won 3 awards in broadcasting championships. After 25 years of Bailey's leadership, WMUL has now won over 2252 awards for broadcasting excellence, and he has guided hundreds of young broadcasters into careers in mass communications. Shortly after becoming WMUL's faculty manager Bailey purchased a 1987 red and white Ford Bronco, which he still drives.
He has been awarded the Distinguished Four-Year Broadcast Adviser Award (1995), The John Marshall Award for Extraordinary Service to West Virginia Higher Education (2000), and Significant Impact Award (also 2000) from the West Virginia Asso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20George%20theorem | The Henry George theorem states that under certain conditions, aggregate spending by government on public goods will increase aggregate rent based on land value (land rent) more than that amount, with the benefit of the last marginal investment equaling its cost. The theory is named for 19th century U.S. political economist and activist Henry George.
Theory
This general relationship, first noted by the French physiocrats in the 18th century, is one basis for advocating the collection of a tax based on land rents to help defray the cost of public investment that helps create land values. Henry George popularized this method of raising public revenue in his works (especially in Progress and Poverty), which launched the 'single tax' movement.
In 1977, Joseph Stiglitz showed that under certain conditions, beneficial investments in public goods will increase aggregate land rents by at least as much as the investments' cost. This proposition was dubbed the "Henry George theorem", as it characterizes a situation where Henry George's 'single tax' on land values, is not only efficient, it is also the only tax necessary to finance public expenditures. Henry George had famously advocated for the replacement of all other taxes with a land value tax, arguing that as the location value of land was improved by public works, its economic rent was the most logical source of public revenue.
Subsequent studies generalized the principle and found that the theorem holds even after relaxing a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20gas%20automaton | Lattice gas automata (LGCA), or lattice gas cellular automata, are a type of cellular automaton used to simulate fluid flows, pioneered by Hardy–Pomeau–de Pazzis and Frisch–Hasslacher–Pomeau. They were the precursor to the lattice Boltzmann methods. From lattice gas automata, it is possible to derive the macroscopic Navier–Stokes equations. Interest in lattice gas automaton methods levelled off in the early 1990s, as the interest in the lattice Boltzmann started to rise. However, an LGCA variant, termed BIO-LGCA, is still widely used to model collective migration in biology.
Basic principles
As a cellular automaton, these models comprise a lattice, where the sites on the lattice can take a certain number of different states. In lattice gas, the various states are particles with certain velocities. Evolution of the simulation is done in discrete time steps. After each time step, the state at a given site can be determined by the state of the site itself and neighboring sites, before the time step.
The state at each site is purely boolean. At a given site, there either is or is not a particle moving in each direction.
At each time step, two processes are carried out, propagation and collision.
In the propagation step, each particle will move to a neighboring site determined by the velocity that particle had. Barring any collisions, a particle with an upwards velocity will after the time step maintain that velocity, but be moved to the neighboring site above the original sit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlov%20block%20allocator | The Orlov block allocator is an algorithm to define where a particular file will reside on a given file system (blockwise), so as to speed up disk operations.
Etymology
The scheme is named after its creator Grigoriy Orlov, who first posted, in 2000, a brief description and implementation for OpenBSD of the technique, which was later used in the BSD Fast Filesystem kernel variants.
Background
The performance of a file system is dependent on many things; one of the crucial factors is just how that filesystem lays out files on the disk. In general, it is best to keep related items together. The Linux ext2 and ext3 filesystems, for instance, have tried to spread directories on the cylinders of the disk. Imagine setting up a system with users' home directories in /home: if all the first-level directories within /home (i.e. the home directories for numerous users) are placed next to each other, there may be no space left for the contents of those directories. User files thus end up being placed far from the directories that contain them, and performance suffers.
Spreading directories on the disc allows files in the same directory to remain more or less contiguous as their number and/or size grows, but there are some situations where this causes excessive spreading of the data on the disk's surface.
How it works
Essentially, the Orlov algorithm tries to distribute "top-level" directories on the assumption that each is unrelated to the others. Directories created in the root d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307%20Real%20Madrid%20CF%20season | The 2006–07 season was Real Madrid CF's 76th season in La Liga. This article lists all matches that the club played in the 2006–07 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players.
Season summary
The summer of 2006 saw Real choose a new and returning coach, Fabio Capello coming from Juventus in the wake of Calciopoli.
Capello brought several recent and previous Juventus players with him to the club, but not all of them made a huge impact, the team instead relying on the goals of Ruud van Nistelrooy for the whole season.
Real returned to domestic league glory after a 3–1 victory against Mallorca in the last game of the season, but the club surprisingly sacked Capello shortly after winning the La Liga title after Capello refused to field David Beckham and Ronaldo as well as his defensive tactics. He was replaced by a surprise candidate Bernd Schuster from Getafe for the following season.
On the other hand, Real Madrid suffered painful exits in the Round of 16 of the Copa del Rey against Real Betis as well as in the UEFA Champions League against Bayern Munich in the Round of 16.
Players
Transfers
Real Madrid 2006-07 – first team shirt numbers
In
|}
Total spending: €100,500,000
Club
Technical staff
Kit
|
|
|
Other information
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
La Liga
League table
Matches
Results summary
Results by round
Points evolution
Source: LPF
Position evolution
Source: LPF
Copa del Rey
Round of 32
Round of 16
Champions League
Grou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lieutenant%20%28musical%29 | The Lieutenant is a rock opera with book, music and lyrics by Gene Curty, Nitra Scharfman and Chuck Strand. The musical concerns the court martial of Lieutenant William Calley during the Vietnam War and ran on Broadway in 1975.
Production
The original production of The Lieutenant, directed by William Martin and choreographed by Dennis Dennehy opened on Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre on March 9, 1975, and closed on March 16, 1975, after nine performances and seven previews. The cast featured Eddie Mekka and was produced by Joseph S. Kutrzeba and Spofford J. Beadle.
The Lieutenant was nominated for four Tony Awards including Best Musical, Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical, Tony Award for Best Original Score and Best Actor in a Musical.
The Lieutenant was originally produced by Queens Playhouse, (Flushing Meadows, New York) in 1974 by Joseph S. Kutrzeba, who started the Playhouse. Alan Eichler was the press representative.
Producer and Holocaust survivor Joseph Kutrzeba said of the reason he decided to produce The Lieutenant was "The show meant a lot to me on human values. I think the theme is one of cardinal importance to our times: The concept of obedience versus exercising one's own conscience." The Philadelphia Inquirer September 3, 1974
In 1994 an adaptation of The Lieutenant was performed under the title "...One of the Good Guys" by Israeli actor Meir Vardi and David Bolander at the Sanford Meisner Theatre in New York City.
A 2018 revival of the show is in pre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropipe | A micropipe, also called a micropore, microtube, capillary defect or pinhole defect, is a crystallographic defect in a single crystal substrate. Minimizing the presence of micropipes is important in semiconductor manufacturing, as their presence on a wafer can result in the failure of integrated circuits made from that wafer.
Micropipes are also relevant to makers of silicon carbide (SiC) substrates, used in a variety of industries such as power semiconductor devices for vehicles and high frequency communication devices; during the production of these materials, the crystal undergoes internal and external stresses causing growth of defects, or dislocations, within the atomic lattice.
A screw dislocation is a common dislocation that transforms successive atomic planes within a crystal lattice into the shape of a helix. Once a screw dislocation propagates through the bulk of a sample during the wafer growth process, a micropipe is formed.
Micropipes and screw dislocations in epitaxial layers are normally derived from the substrates on which the epitaxy is performed. Micropipes are considered to be empty-core screw dislocations with large strain energy (i.e. they have large Burgers vector); they follow the growth direction (c-axis) in silicon carbide boules and substrates propagating into the deposited epitaxial layers.
Factors which influence formation of micropipes (and other defects) are such growth parameters as temperature, supersaturation, vapor phase stoichiometry, i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty%20in%20Colombia |
Poverty statistics
In 2017, the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) reported that 26.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, of which 7.4% in "extreme poverty". The multidimensional poverty rate stands at 17.0% of the population.
Unemployment
The average national unemployment rate in 2017 was 9.4%, although the informality is the biggest problem facing the labour market (the income of formal workers climbed 24.8% in 5 years while labor incomes of informal workers rose only 9%).
Inequality
According to the World Bank, Colombia's Gini coefficient (a measurement of inequality in wealth distribution) was 0.587 in 2000 and 0.535 in 2013, ranking alongside Chile, Panama, Brazil and Honduras as the most unequal Latin American countries in terms of wealth distribution.
Related issues
Literacy
In 2015, a total of 94.58% of the population aged 15 and older were recorded as literate, including 98.53% of those aged 15–24.
Malnutrition
In 2010, 3.4% of the children under 5 years old in Colombia suffer from global malnutrition (deficiency of weight for age) and up to 13% suffer from chronic malnutrition (deficiency of height for age). The situation is worse for the indigenous peoples of Colombia, who in the same indicators recorded rates of 7.5% and 29.5% respectively.
Social strata in Colombia
Colombia's social strata have been divided as follows and have been extensively used by the government as a reference to develop social welfare program |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20capacitance | Differential capacitance in physics, electronics, and electrochemistry is a measure of the voltage-dependent capacitance of a nonlinear capacitor, such as an electrical double layer or a semiconductor diode. It is defined as the derivative of charge with respect to potential.
Description
In electrochemistry differential capacitance is a parameter introduced for characterizing electrical double layers:
where σ is surface charge and ψ is electric surface potential.
Capacitance is usually defined as the stored charge between two conducting surfaces separated by a dielectric divided by the voltage between the surfaces. Another definition is the rate of change of the stored charge or surface charge (σ) divided by the rate of change of the voltage between the surfaces or the electric surface potential (ψ). The latter is called the "differential capacitance," but usually the stored charge is directly proportional to the voltage, making the capacitances given by the two definitions equal.
This type of differential capacitance may be called "parallel plate capacitance," after the usual form of the capacitor. However, the term is meaningful when applied to any two conducting bodies such as spheres, and not necessarily ones of the same size, for example, the elevated terminals of a Tesla wireless system and the earth. These are widely spaced insulated conducting bodies positioned over a spherically conducting ground plane.
"The differential capacitance between the spheres is obta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20optimization | Search optimization may refer to:
Local search (optimization), a heuristic method for solving computationally hard optimization problems
Location search optimization (LSO), improving the visibility of a website through location-enabled devices
Search and optimization, searches that begin with some form of a guess and then refine the guess incrementally
Search engine optimization, the process of improving the online visibility of a website
Search link optimization (SLO), a process by which internal and external incoming links are optimized for search engine algorithms
See also
Pattern search (optimization), a family of numerical optimization methods that does not require a gradient |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20Tales%20Zoological%20Park | Cat Tales Wildlife Center formerly Cat Tales Zoological Park is a USDA Licensed - Class C - Exhibitor (all zoos fall under this classification) that helps rescue and protect big cats and Northwest wildlife. It is located in Mead, Washington. As the need for forever homes constantly changes 2020 increased the sanctuary count to twenty one various felines, including bobcat, lynx, puma, lion, Siberian tiger, Bengal tiger, and white tiger. Along with two black bears, and twelve various canines, including arctic fox, red fox, coyote, and wolfdog.
Cat Tales was founded in 1990 by Mike and Debbie Wyche and incorporated on July 27, 1991, as a 501(c)3 non-profit charity. Cat Tales Wildlife Academy is the sanctuary's vocational and zoological technology school, licensed by the Workforce Training and Education Board. Cat Tales is the only zoo in Spokane County. They are home to many animals that have troubled pasts and have been rescued from difficult situations or private owners, often placed at Cat Tales as a final home and safe sanctuary. Through outreach to the community via fairs, expos, classroom visits and otherwise, it is one of Cat Tales primary stated goals that they wish to educate the public about wildlife close to home and far away; their plights and need for support in the wild.
As of September 2019, one of Cat Tales original founders, Mike Wyche died after a long illness. As of his passing the park is run by his wife and head teacher of the zoological education cente |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofrequency%20MASINT | Radiofrequency MASINT is one of the six major disciplines generally accepted to make up the field of Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), with due regard that the MASINT subdisciplines may overlap, and MASINT, in turn, is complementary to more traditional intelligence collection and analysis disciplines such as SIGINT and IMINT. MASINT encompasses intelligence gathering activities that bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the definitions of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), or Human Intelligence (HUMINT).
According to the United States Department of Defense, MASINT is technically derived intelligence (excluding traditional imagery IMINT and signals intelligence SIGINT) that – when collected, processed, and analyzed by dedicated MASINT systems – results in intelligence that detects, tracks, identifies, or describes the signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. MASINT was recognized as a formal intelligence discipline in 1986. See Measurement and Signature Intelligence for an overview of the discipline and its unifying principles. As with many branches of MASINT, specific techniques may overlap with the six major conceptual disciplines of MASINT defined by the Center for MASINT Studies and Research, which divides MASINT into Electro-optical, Nuclear, Geophysical, Radar, Materials, and Radiofrequency disciplines.
Disciplines
MASINT is made up of six major disciplines, but the dis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauze%20sponge | Gauze sponges are disposable medical supplies commonly used in medicine and surgery. They are ordinarily made of gauze and are used to absorb blood and other fluids as well as clean wounds. When used in surgery, they are called surgical sponges.
Common sizes include , , and .
The materials used in the manufacturing of gauze sponges for medical purposes include cotton and non-woven materials. In addition to its many sizes, plys, and fabrics, gauze sponges can also be sterile and non-sterile.
The open weave design of gauze sponges assists with the removal of dead tissue from the skin surface as well as vertically wick fluid from the wound onto any secondary dressing to assist with preventing maceration of skin tissue.
Surgical sponges left in body cavities after surgery may cause complications, and are a common sort of surgical error. For this reason, counting them as they are used and removed is a common checklist item. When non-radiopaque sponges are forgotten during surgeries, "Textiloma" or "gossypiboma" are formed. Some sponges include a radiopaque strip so that they can be located by X-ray.
References
Bibliography
"Surgical Sponges" in Colleen J. Rutherford, Surgical Equipment and Supplies, 2nd ed, 2016,
External links
First aid |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi%20Hyun | Choi Hyun (; born 7 November 1978) is a retired South Korean footballer who played as goalkeeper.
Club career
He formerly played for Jeju United, Busan IPark and Daejeon Citizen.
Career statistics
Club
External links
1978 births
Living people
Men's association football goalkeepers
South Korean men's footballers
Jeju United FC players
Gyeongnam FC players
Busan IPark players
Daejeon Hana Citizen players
K League 1 players
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for South Korea
Footballers from Busan
Chung-Ang University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea%20urban%20area | The Swansea Urban Area or Swansea Built-up Area is an area of land in south Wales, defined by the Office for National Statistics for population monitoring purposes. It is an urban conurbation and is not coterminous with the City and County of Swansea. It consists of the urban area centred on Swansea city centre; the Swansea Valley including Clydach, Ystradgynlais and Pontardawe; and includes Neath and Port Talbot which are outside the county boundaries, but excludes the urban area of Gorseinon within the county boundaries.
The total population of the area in 2011 was 300,352 making it the 3rd largest in Wales, the 24th largest conurbation in England and Wales and the 27th largest in the United Kingdom. This was an increase of 11% from the 2001 figure of 270,506. Most of the increase was due to Ystradgynlais, Gowerton, Upper Killay and Glais becoming part of the urban area.
Subdivisions
The ONS provides sub-division statistics for the Swansea Urban Area
Notes:
Gowerton was included under the Swansea subdivision for the 2001 census.
Ystradgynlais was not part of the Swansea urban area until the 2011 census
See also
List of conurbations in the United Kingdom
References
External links
ONS map, showing urban areas in part of South Wales
Office for National Statistics: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas
Geography of Swansea
Urban areas of Wales
Demographics of Wales |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Taste%20of%20Strawbs | A Taste of Strawbs is a box-set album by Strawbs. Instead of being a "best of" album, the compilers (Dave Cousins and Dick Greener) have attempted to present alternative versions of some well-known songs plus some previously unreleased material. Included are some very old songs by The Strawberry Hill Boys, with Dave Cousins, Tony Hooper and Ron Chesterman, also are some very interesting songs by Sandy Denny and The Strawbs, and outtakes from different periods of the band's career.
Track listing
CD 1 – Eyes Wide Open
"The Grey Hawk" (traditional) Strawberry Hill Boys live recording
"The Cruel Wars (Higher Germanie)" (traditional) Dave Cousins unreleased recording
"You Don't Think About Me" Strawberry Hill Boys demo
"Not All The Flowers Grow" (Dave Cousins) Dave Cousins demo
"You Keep Going Your Way" (Cousins) Strawberry Hill Boys demo
"Sail Away to the Sea" (Cousins) Sandy Denny and the Strawbs
"Nothing Else Will Do" (Cousins) Sandy Denny and the Strawbs
"Oh How She Changed" (Cousins, Tony Hooper) 2005 re-mix
"Or Am I Dreaming" (Cousins) 2005 re-mix
"All The Little Ladies" (Cousins, Hooper) Alternative mix with spoken word intro and outro
"Ah Me, Ah My" (Hooper) Alternate mix
"The Man Who Called Himself Jesus" (Cousins) Alternative mix
"The Battle" (Cousins) Live
"It's Just Love" (Dave Lambert) Unreleased Fire recording
"Another Day" (Cousins) Live
"Forever" (Cousins, Hooper) Dragonfly outtake
"Where am I"/"I'll Show You Where to Sleep" (Cousins) 1970 live track
"Canondale" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTPgammaS | GTPgammaS (GTPγS, guanosine 5'-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) is a non-hydrolyzable or slowly hydrolyzable G-protein-activating analog of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Many GTP binding proteins demonstrate activity when bound to GTP, and are inactivated via the hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond that links the γ-phosphate to the remainder of the nucleotide, leaving a bound guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and releasing an inorganic phosphate. This usually occurs rapidly, and the GTP-binding protein can then only be activated by exchanging the GDP for a new GTP molecule. The substitution of sulfur for one of the oxygens of the γ-phosphate of GTP creates a nucleotide that either cannot be hydrolyzed or is only slowly hydrolyzed. This prevents the GTP-binding proteins from being inactivated, and allows the cellular processes that they carry out when active to be more easily studied.
The consequences of the constitutive activation of GTP-binding proteins include stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation or elimination, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. The 35S labelled radioligand of the compound, 35SGTPγS, is used in autoradiography and G-protein binding studies.
References
Nucleotides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging | Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI, CMR), also known as cardiovascular MRI, is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology used for non-invasive assessment of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system. Conditions in which it is performed include congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies and valvular heart disease, diseases of the aorta such as dissection, aneurysm and coarctation, coronary heart disease. It can also be used to look at pulmonary veins. Patient information may be found here.
It is contraindicated if there are some implanted metal or electronic devices such as some intracerebral clips or claustrophobia. These can be looked up to see if they are MRI conditional. For pacemaker or defibrillator patients, almost all can be scanned but special protocols are needed.
Conventional MRI sequences are adapted for cardiac imaging by using ECG gating and high temporal resolution protocols. The development of cardiac MRI is an active field of research and continues to see a rapid expansion of new and emerging techniques.
Uses
Cardiovascular MRI is complementary to other imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, cardiac CT, and nuclear medicine. The technique has a key role in evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Its applications include assessment of myocardial ischemia and viability, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, iron overload, vascular diseases, and congenital heart disease. It is the reference standard for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%27s%20law%20of%20sound%20attenuation | In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity. It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate given by
where is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, is the sound's angular frequency, is the fluid density, and is the speed of sound in the medium.
The law and its derivation were published in 1845 by the Anglo-Irish physicist G. G. Stokes, who also developed Stokes's law for the friction force in fluid motion. A generalisation of Stokes attenuation taking into account the effect of thermal conductivity was proposed by the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1868.
Sound attenuation in fluids is also accompanied by acoustic dispersion, meaning that the different frequencies are propagating at different sound speeds.
Interpretation
Stokes's law of sound attenuation applies to sound propagation in an isotropic and homogeneous Newtonian medium. Consider a plane sinusoidal pressure wave that has amplitude at some point. After traveling a distance from that point, its amplitude will be
The parameter is a kind of attenuation constant, dimensionally the reciprocal of length.
In the International System of Units (SI), it is expressed in neper per meter or simply reciprocal of meter (m). That is, if = 1 m, the wave's amplitude decreases by a factor of for each meter traveled.
Importance of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychoric%20correlation | In statistics, polychoric correlation is a technique for estimating the correlation between two hypothesised normally distributed continuous latent variables, from two observed ordinal variables. Tetrachoric correlation is a special case of the polychoric correlation applicable when both observed variables are dichotomous. These names derive from the polychoric and tetrachoric series which are used for estimation of these correlations.
Applications and examples
This technique is frequently applied when analysing items on self-report instruments such as personality tests and surveys that often use rating scales with a small number of response options (e.g., strongly disagree to strongly agree). The smaller the number of response categories, the more a correlation between latent continuous variables will tend to be attenuated.
Lee, Poon & Bentler (1995) have recommended a two-step approach to factor analysis for assessing the factor structure of tests involving ordinally measured items. Kiwanuka and colleagues (2022) have also illustrated the application of polychoric correlations and polychoric confirmatory factor analysis in nursing science. This aims to reduce the effect of statistical artifacts, such as the number of response scales or skewness of variables leading to items grouping together in factors. In some disciplines, the statistical technique is rarely applied however, some scholars have demonstrated how it can be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20viscosity | Volume viscosity (also called bulk viscosity, or dilatational viscosity) is a material property relevant for characterizing fluid flow. Common symbols are or . It has dimensions (mass / (length × time)), and the corresponding SI unit is the pascal-second (Pa·s).
Like other material properties (e.g. density, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity) the value of volume viscosity is specific to each fluid and depends additionally on the fluid state, particularly its temperature and pressure. Physically, volume viscosity represents the irreversible resistance, over and above the reversible resistance caused by isentropic bulk modulus, to a compression or expansion of a fluid. At the molecular level, it stems from the finite time required for energy injected in the system to be distributed among the rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom of molecular motion.
Knowledge of the volume viscosity is important for understanding a variety of fluid phenomena, including sound attenuation in polyatomic gases (e.g. Stokes's law), propagation of shock waves, and dynamics of liquids containing gas bubbles. In many fluid dynamics problems, however, its effect can be neglected. For instance, it is 0 in a monatomic gas at low density, whereas in an incompressible flow the volume viscosity is superfluous since it does not appear in the equation of motion.
Volume viscosity was introduced in 1879 by Sir Horace Lamb in his famous work Hydrodynamics. Although relatively obscure in the sc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20method%20of%20data%20handling | Group method of data handling (GMDH) is a family of inductive algorithms for computer-based mathematical modeling of multi-parametric datasets that features fully automatic structural and parametric optimization of models.
GMDH is used in such fields as data mining, knowledge discovery, prediction, complex systems modeling, optimization and pattern recognition. GMDH algorithms are characterized by inductive procedure that performs sorting-out of gradually complicated polynomial models and selecting the best solution by means of the external criterion.
A GMDH model with multiple inputs and one output is a subset of components of the base function (1):
where fi are elementary functions dependent on different sets of inputs, ai are coefficients and m is the number of the base function components.
In order to find the best solution, GMDH algorithms consider various component subsets of the base function (1) called partial models. Coefficients of these models are estimated by the least squares method. GMDH algorithms gradually increase the number of partial model components and find a model structure with optimal complexity indicated by the minimum value of an external criterion. This process is called self-organization of models.
As the first base function used in GMDH, was the gradually complicated Kolmogorov–Gabor polynomial (2):
Usually more simple partial models with up to second degree functions are used.
The inductive algorithms are also known as polynomial n |
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