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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilation%20error | Compilation error or compile error refers to a state when a compiler fails to compile a piece of computer program source code, either due to errors in the code, or, more unusually, due to errors in the compiler itself. A compilation error message often helps programmers debugging the source code. Although the definitions of compilation and interpretation can be vague, generally compilation errors only refer to static compilation and not dynamic compilation. However, dynamic compilation can still technically have compilation errors, although many programmers and sources may identify them as run-time errors. Most just-in-time compilers, such as the Javascript V8 engine, ambiguously refer to compilation errors as syntax errors since they check for them at run time.
Examples
Common C++ compilation errors
Undeclared identifier, e.g.:
doy.cpp: In function `int main()':
doy.cpp:25: `DayOfYear' undeclared (first use this function)
This means that the variable "DayOfYear" is trying to be used before being declared.
Common function undeclared, e.g.:
xyz.cpp: In function `int main()': xyz.cpp:6: `cout' undeclared (first use this function)
This means that the programmer most likely forgot to include iostream.
Parse error, e.g.:
somefile.cpp:24: parse error before `something'
This could mean that a semi-colon is missing at the end of the previous statement.
Internal Compiler Errors
An internal compiler error (commonly abbreviated as ICE) is an error that occurs not due to err |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20notation | Cell notation or cell representation in chemistry is a shorthand method of expressing a reaction in an electrochemical cell.
In cell notation, the two half-cells are described by writing the formula of each individual chemical species involved in the redox reaction across the cell, with all other common ions and inert substances being ignored. Each species is separated by a vertical bar, with the species in each half-cell grouped together, and the two half-cells separated by two bars or slashes representing a salt bridge (which generally contains an electrolyte solution such as potassium nitrate or sodium chloride that is left unwritten). It is common practice to represent the anode to the left of the double bar and the cathode to the right, and to put aqueous species closest to the double bar.
Cell notation may be used to represent other information that is not essential to the reaction but still useful to include. For example, the electrode's species may be marked by a degree symbol. The standard abbreviations for the phases of each species are often included as subscripts, in a manner similar to the notation in chemical equations. Sometimes, the initial concentrations of dissolved species may be written to the right in parentheses (see example below).
Some examples of this notation are:
This means that the left electrode (anode) is made of zinc, while the other one (right, cathode) is composed of a silver wire covered by a silver chloride layer which is not soluble. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghul%20language | Aghul is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Aghuls in southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan. It is spoken by about 29,300 people (2010 census).
Classification
Aghul belongs to the Eastern Samur group of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family.
Geographic distribution
In 2002, Aghul was spoken by 28,300 people in Russia, mainly in Southern Dagestan, as well as 32 people in Azerbaijan.
Related languages
There are nine languages in the Lezgian language family, namely: Aghul, Tabasaran, Rutul, Lezgian, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi.
Phonology
Aghul has contrastive epiglottal consonants.
Aghul makes, like many Northeast Caucasian languages, a distinction between tense consonants with concomitant length and weak consonants. The tense consonants are characterized by the intensiveness (tension) of articulation, which naturally leads to a lengthening of the consonant so they are traditionally transcribed with the length diacritic. The gemination of the consonant itself does not create its tension, but morphologically tense consonants often derive from adjoining two single weak consonants. Some Aghul dialects have an especially large number of permitted initial tense consonants.
Vowels
Consonants
The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by the source.
Alphabet
Grammar
Case
There are four core cases: absolutive, ergative, genitive, and dative, as well as a large series of location cases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosteum | The endosteum (: endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.
This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in less cortical thickness.
The outer surface of a bone is lined by a thin layer of connective tissue that is very similar in morphology and function to endosteum. It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface. During bone growth, the width of the bone increases as osteoblasts lay new bone tissue at the periosteum. To prevent the bone from becoming unnecessarily thick, osteoclasts resorb the bone from the endosteal side.
Additional images
References
External links
– "Bone, structure (LM, High)"
Image at dal.ca
Musculoskeletal system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20%22Skip%22%20Brandon | Harry B. "Skip" Brandon (born November 2, 1941) founded Smith Brandon International, Inc. with Gene M. Smith in 1996. Smith Brandon International is a boutique corporate investigations and risk consulting firm based in Washington, D.C. Brandon is currently company COO. He is a former deputy assistant director of national security and counterterrorism for the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He retired from the FBI in 1993 after 23 years.
Early life and education
Brandon is a native of Kansas. In 1964, he received his B.A. in History from the University of New Mexico. Following graduation, Brandon entered the United States Navy, where he served as a Commissioned Officer for six years, including a tour of duty in Vietnam as a Navy lieutenant on a swift boat.
In 1970, Brandon earned a Master of Arts in International Relations from the University of Texas at Austin.
Professional career
With the FBI
In 1970, Brandon was appointed an FBI Special Agent. His first assignment was in Norfolk, Virginia, and then to Hartford, Connecticut. In 1975, he was transferred to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where he specialized in Cuban espionage.
In 1977, Brandon returned to Washington, D.C. to serve in the FBI Headquarters Intelligence Division. In 1982, he moved to the Madison, Wisconsin Resident Agency to serve as supervisory special agent until 1984.
Following a year at the National War College, he returned to Puerto Rico as assistant special agent in charge of the San Juan Division. He later |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram%20van%20Leer | Bram van Leer is Arthur B. Modine Emeritus Professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor. He specializes in Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), fluid dynamics, and numerical analysis. His most influential work lies in CFD, a field he helped modernize from 1970 onwards. An appraisal of his early work has been given by C. Hirsch (1979)
An astrophysicist by education, van Leer made lasting contributions to CFD in his five-part article series “Towards the Ultimate Conservative Difference Scheme (1972-1979),” where he extended Godunov's finite-volume scheme to the second order (MUSCL). Also in the series, he developed non-oscillatory interpolation using limiters, an approximate Riemann solver, and discontinuous-Galerkin schemes for unsteady advection. Since joining the University of Michigan's Aerospace Engineering Department (1986), he has worked on convergence acceleration by local preconditioning and multigrid relaxation for Euler and Navier-Stokes problems, unsteady adaptive grids, space-environment modeling, atmospheric flow modeling, extended hydrodynamics for rarefied flows, and discontinuous-Galerkin methods. He retired in 2012, forced to give up research because of progressive blindness.
Throughout his career, van Leer's work has had interdisciplinary characteristic. Starting from astrophysics, he first made an impact on weapons research, followed by aeronautics, then space-weather modeling, atmospheric modeling, surface-water modeling a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simhah%20ben%20Samuel%20of%20Vitry | Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry (; died 1105) was a French Talmudist of the 11th and 12th centuries, pupil of Rashi, and the compiler of Machzor Vitry. He lived in Vitry-le-François.
Machzor Vitry
Machzor Vitry contains decisions and rules concerning religious practise, besides responsa by Rashi and other authorities, both contemporary and earlier. The work is cited as early as the 12th century in Jacob Tam's Sefer ha-Yashar (No. 620) as having been compiled by Simchah; and the sources from which the compiler took his material—the Seder Rav Amram, the Halachot Gedolot, and others—also are mentioned. Isaac ben Samuel, a grandson of Simchah, also refers to Machzor Vitry compiled by his grandfather.
Various additions were afterward made to this machzor, a large proportion of which, designated by the letter (= "tosafot"), are by Isaac ben Dorbolo. The latter often appends his name to such additions; and in one place he says plainly: "These explanations were added by me, Isaac b. Dorbolo; but the following is from the Machzor of R. Simchah of Vitry himself". Other additions are by Abraham ben Nathan, author of Ha-Manhig, and are designated by the letters , his initials.
Extant manuscripts of the Machzor
Several manuscripts of Machzor Vitry are extant, the oldest of which, according to Abraham Berliner is from Isaac Samuel Reggio, currently in the Jewish Theological Seminary of America library (NY JTS 8092). It contains Machzor Vitry proper without any additions. A second manuscri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/SPG-53 | The AN/SPG-53 was a United States Navy Gun Fire-control radar (International Telecommunication Union classification: radiolocation land station in the radiolocation service), used in conjunction with the Mark 68 gun fire-control system.
It was used with the 5"/54 caliber Mark 42 gun system aboard s, , , and s and s of the US Navy, as well as Australian s and Spanish s.
See also
List of radars
References
External links
GlobalSecurity.org
Mk 68 GFCS
Sea radars
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajaram%20Nityananda | Rajaram Nityananda (born 1948) is an Indian physicist who works on Solid State Physics, Liquid Crystals, Astronomical Optics, Image Processing, & Gravitational Dynamics. He currently works as professor at Azim Premji University Bengaluru. He was formerly the Director of the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics and also Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences in Hyderabad. He served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2015 to 2017. He also serves as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy, published by the Indian Academy of Sciences. He also serves as the chief editor for Resonance Journal for Science Education published by Indian Academy of Sciences. He is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli and Chennai Mathematical Institute. He is currently serving as a faculty member at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune. Previously he worked at Raman Research Institute from 1975 to 2000.
References
External links
Rajaram Nityananda's articles on INSPIRE-HEP
1948 births
Indian astrophysicists
Living people
Bangalore University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moco | Moco may refer to:
Biochemistry
Molybdenum cofactor, any of a number of biochemical cofactors
MOCOS, molybdenum cofactor sulfurase
Moco RNA motif, a conserved RNA structure presumed to be a riboswitch that binds molybdenum cofactor
Moco-II RNA motif, a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics
Business
Moelis & Company, a global independent investment bank (referred to colloquially as MoCo)
Mozilla Corporation
Nissan Moco, marketed name for the Suzuki MR Wagon in Japan
Geography
Montgomery County, Maryland, nicknamed "MoCo"
Mount Moco, the tallest mountain in Angola
People
Chilala Moco (born 1977), an Angolan photographer
Marcolino Moco (born 1953), the Prime Minister of Angola from 1992 to 1996
Didi Mocó, stage name of Brazilian comedian Renato Aragão (born 1935)
Miss Moço, Canadian drag queen
"Moco", stage name of Julian Villarreal from the Mexican band and record producer (Celso Piña) (Banda Machos) (Tigrillos) El Gran Silencio
Moco, the fictional drug lord in the 1992 film El Mariachi portrayed by Peter Marquardt
Moco, a character in the anime Dragon Quest
Zoology
Mocó (Kerodon rupestris), also known as the rock cavy, a Brazilian rodent
Oligosoma moco, or Moko skink, a species of skink endemic to New Zealand
See also
Loco moco, a traditional meal in Hawaiian cuisine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Antoine | Jacques Antoine (14 March 1924 – 14 September 2012) was a French creator and producer of game shows. His most famous creations include Treasure Hunt, Interceptor, Fort Boyard, and The Crystal Maze.
Personal life
Jacques Antoine was born 14 March 1924 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, a suburb to the west of Paris. His father was writer and director André-Paul Antoine, and his grandfather was theatre director André Antoine.
Career
At the age of 24, Jacques Antoine made his first steps in radio with Pierre Bellemare. From the 1950s to 1990s, he created and produced many programs, including more than 150 television and radio games among the most famous in French-speaking countries, such as La Tête et les Jambes, Le Schmilblick, Les Jeux de 20 heures, La Chasse aux trésors, L'Académie des neuf, Tournez manège, and Fort Boyard.
Death and legacy
Antoine died on 14 September 2012 of cardiac arrest.
The French host of Fort Boyard Olivier Minne announced on Twitter "Jacques Antoine has left us. The father of Fort Boyard was the greatest TV game creator. I'm very sad. Thinking of him."
Rémy Pflimlin, president of France Télévisions spoke of him as "one of the iconic group who contributed to the creation and production of the first televised games".
TV host Pierre Bellemare described Jacques as "the most innovative man we have had in this profession since the war".
Credits
À pied, à cheval et en voiture (1957) (screenplay) (story)
Yeux de l'amour, Les (1959) (novel "Une Histoire Vraie")
V |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen%2C%20type%20III%2C%20alpha%201 | Type III Collagen is a homotrimer, or a protein composed of three identical peptide chains (monomers), each called an alpha 1 chain of type III collagen. Formally, the monomers are called collagen type III, alpha-1 chain and in humans are encoded by the gene. Type III collagen is one of the fibrillar collagens whose proteins have a long, inflexible, triple-helical domain.
Protein structure and function
Type III collagen is synthesized by cells as a pre-procollagen.
The signal peptide is cleaved off producing a procollagen molecule. Three identical type III procollagen chains come together at the carboxy-terminal ends, and the structure is stabilized by the formation of disulphide bonds. Each individual chain folds into left-handed helix and the three chains are then wrapped together into a right-handed superhelix, the triple helix. Prior to assembling the super-helix, each monomer is subjected to a number of post-translational modifications that occur while the monomer is being translated. First, on the order of 145 prolyl residues of the 239 in the triple-helical domain are hydroxylated to 4-hydroxyproline by prolyl-4-hydroxylase. Second, some of the lysine residues are hydroxylated or glycosylated, and some lysine as well as hydroxylysine residues undergo oxidative deamination catalysed by lysyl oxidase. Other post-translational modifications occur after the triple helix is formed. The large globular domains from both ends of the molecule are removed by C- and amino( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR%20315 | The NCR 315 Data Processing System, released in January 1962 by NCR, is a second-generation computer. All printed circuit boards use resistor–transistor logic (RTL) to create the various logic elements. It uses 12-bit slab memory structure using magnetic-core memory. The instructions can use a memory slab as either two 6-bit alphanumeric characters or as three 4-bit BCD digits. Basic memory is 5000 "slabs" (10,000 characters or 15,000 decimal digits) of handmade core memory, which is expandable to a maximum of 40,000 slabs (80,000 characters or 120,000 decimal digits) in four refrigerator-size cabinets. The main processor includes three cabinets and a console section that houses the power supply, keyboard, output writer (an IBM electric typewriter), and a panel with lights that indicate the current status of the program counter, registers, arithmetic accumulator, and system errors. Input/Output is by direct parallel connections to each type of peripheral through a two-cable bundle with 1-inch-thick cables. Some devices like magnetic tape and the CRAM are daisy-chained to allow multiple drives to be connected.
The central processor (315 Data Processor) weighed about .
Later models in this series include the 315-100 and the 315-RMC (Rod Memory Computer).
Memory organization
The addressable unit of memory on the NCR 315 series is a "slab", short for "syllable", consisting of 12 data bits and a parity bit. Its size falls between a byte and a typical word (hence the name, 'sy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20Nass | Clifford Ivar Nass (April 3, 1958 – November 2, 2013) was a professor of communication at Stanford University, co-creator of The Media Equation theory, and a renowned authority on human-computer interaction (HCI). He was also known for his work on individual differences associated with media multitasking. Nass was the Thomas M. Storke Professor at Stanford and held courtesy appointments in Computer Science, Education, Law, and Sociology. He was also affiliated with the programs in Symbolic Systems and Science, Technology, and Society.
Nass was the director of the Communication between Humans and Interactive Media (CHIMe) Lab, co-director of Kozmetsky Global Collaboratory (KGC) and its Real-time Venture Design Laboratory (ReVeL), and a co-founder of TeachAids.
Early life and education
Nass was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and raised in Teaneck, the son of Florence and Jules Nass. His parents formed New Jersey's first Mothers Against Drunk Driving chapter after Nass's older brother was killed by a drunk driver in 1981.
Nass graduated cum laude with an A.B. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1981 after completing a senior thesis, titled "PASCGRAF and the Haloed line effect", under the supervision of Arthur Appel. He then conducted research in the areas of computer graphics, data structures and database design for IBM and Intel before returning to Princeton to pursue graduate studies. He received a Ph.D. in sociology from Princeton in 1986 after completing a doctor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gismondine | Gismondine is a mineral with the chemical formula CaAl2Si2O8·4(H2O). It is a zeolite or hydrated alumino-silicate. It forms colorless, bipyramidal crystals of orthorhombic symmetry.
Gismondine was named for Italian mineralogist Carlo Giuseppe Gismondi (1762–1824). It has been found in Iceland, Ireland, and Italy.
References
Encyclopædia Britannica online entry
Gismondine data at webmineral.com
External links
Structure type GIS
Zeolites
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucryptite | Eucryptite is a lithium bearing aluminium silicate mineral with formula LiAlSiO4. It crystallizes in the trigonal - rhombohedral crystal system. It typically occurs as granular to massive in form and may pseudomorphically replace spodumene. It has a brittle to conchoidal fracture and indistinct cleavage. It is transparent to translucent and varies from colorless to white to brown. It has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 and a specific gravity of 2.67. Optically it is uniaxial positive with refractive index values of nω = 1.570 - 1.573 and nε = 1.583 - 1.587.
Its typical occurrence is in lithium-rich pegmatites in association with albite, spodumene, petalite, amblygonite, lepidolite and quartz.
It occurs as a secondary alteration product of spodumene. It was first described in 1880 for an occurrence at its type locality, Branchville, Connecticut. Its name was from the Greek for well concealed, for its typical occurrence embedded in albite.
References
Nesosilicates
Lithium minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 148 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshko%20number | In fluid mechanics, the Roshko number (Ro) is a dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms. It is named after the American Professor of Aeronautics Anatol Roshko. It is defined as
where
St is the dimensionless Strouhal number;
Re is the Reynolds number;
U is mean stream velocity;
f is the frequency of vortex shedding;
L is the characteristic length (for example hydraulic diameter);
ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid.
Correlations
Roshko determined the correlation below from experiments on the flow of air around circular cylinders over range Re=50 to Re=2000:
valid over [ 50 <= Re < 200]
valid over [200 <= Re < 2000]
Ormières and Provansal investigated vortex shedding in the wake of a sphere and found a relationship between Re and Ro in the range 280 < Re < 360.
Notes
References
Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Fluid dynamics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Hot%20Sauce | Crystal Hot Sauce is a brand of Louisiana hot sauce produced by family-owned Baumer Foods since 1923. of Crystal Hot Sauce are shipped per year to 75 countries. The sauce is reddish orange with medium heat, and has been described as having "a more prominent dark chile flavor, and a slightly subdued vinegar profile" when compared to Tabasco, another brand of Louisiana-style hot sauce.
History
Originally based in New Orleans, Crystal was famous for its lighted sign featuring a chef stirring a pot of hot sauce with steam from the factory venting out through the pot. The sign was a New Orleans landmark on Tulane Avenue in Mid-City, visible from Interstate 10. The preserves advertised on the sign were found in U.S military rations during World War II, but are no longer produced.
Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the city in 2005, damaged much of Baumer Foods' New Orleans plant, including the sign. Following the storm, the company moved its plant to Reserve, in St. John the Baptist Parish, located up the Mississippi River from New Orleans. The iconic sign was replicated and placed atop a new apartment building, built on the same site as the old factory. As of April 2021, the company maintains its head office in Metairie, a suburb of New Orleans.
The green wrapper that sealed the bottle had the word Crystal written on it previously; after Hurricane Katrina the writing no longer appeared on the label.
Currently, the dark green over-wrap says both "Crystal" and "Louisiana" in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TreePeople | TreePeople is an educational and training environmental advocacy organization based in Los Angeles, California. The TreePeople organization advocates and works to support sustainable urban ecosystems in the Greater Los Angeles area through education, volunteer community-based action, and advocacy.
Organization history
TreePeople was founded in Los Angeles in 1973 by an 18-year-old activist Andy Lipkis. Lipkis and a group of other teenagers began planting trees three years prior at summer camp in the San Bernardino Mountains. Lipkis heard that smog from Los Angeles was drifting up to the mountains and killing the forest. He rallied his fellow campers, tore up a parking lot, and planted smog-tolerant trees.
Lipkis served as president of TreePeople for many years and still serves as a Board Member. Cindy Montañez became the Chief Executive Officer in 2016. The organization works with thousands of members and volunteers and more than 50 staff members, operating out of the Center for Community Forestry located with-in 45-acre Coldwater Canyon Park.
The TreePeople organization focuses on increasing Greater Los Angeles' urban forest by supporting people in planting and caring for trees at homes, on school yards, and in neighborhoods. It also supports volunteers in restoring damaged local forest ecosystems in the Santa Monica Mountains, San Gabriel Mountains and San Bernardino Mountains.
Beyond planting and caring for trees, TreePeople works to promote urban watershed managemen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal%20analysis | Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties of systems in the frequency domain. It consists of mechanically exciting a studied component in such a way to target the modeshapes of the structure, and recording the vibration data with a network of sensors. Examples would include measuring the vibration of a car's body when it is attached to a shaker, or the noise pattern in a room when excited by a loudspeaker.
Modern day experimental modal analysis systems are composed of 1) sensors such as transducers (typically accelerometers, load cells), or non contact via a Laser vibrometer, or stereophotogrammetric cameras 2) data acquisition system and an analog-to-digital converter front end (to digitize analog instrumentation signals) and 3) host PC (personal computer) to view the data and analyze it.
Classically this was done with a SIMO (single-input, multiple-output) approach, that is, one excitation point, and then the response is measured at many other points. In the past a hammer survey, using a fixed accelerometer and a roving hammer as excitation, gave a MISO (multiple-input, single-output) analysis, which is mathematically identical to SIMO, due to the principle of reciprocity. In recent years MIMO (multi-input, multiple-output) have become more practical, where partial coherence analysis identifies which part of the response comes from which excitation source. Using multiple shakers leads to a uniform distribution of the energy over the entire structure and a bet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22%20nm%20process | The 22 nm node is the process step following 32 nm in CMOS MOSFET semiconductor device fabrication. The typical half-pitch (i.e., half the distance between identical features in an array) for a memory cell using the process is around 22 nm. It was first demonstrated by semiconductor companies for use in RAM memory in 2008. In 2010, Toshiba began shipping 24 nm flash memory chips, and Samsung Electronics began mass-producing 20 nm flash memory chips. The first consumer-level CPU deliveries using a 22 nm process started in April 2012 with the Intel Ivy Bridge processors.
The ITRS 2006 Front End Process Update indicates that equivalent physical oxide thickness will not scale below 0.5 nm (about twice the diameter of a silicon atom), which is the expected value at the 22 nm node. This is an indication that CMOS scaling in this area has reached a wall at this point, possibly disturbing Moore's law.
The 20-nanometre node is an intermediate half-node die shrink based on the 22-nanometre process.
TSMC began mass production of 20nm nodes in 2014. The 22 nm process was superseded by commercial 14 nm FinFET technology in 2014.
Technology demos
On August 18, 2008, AMD, Freescale, IBM, STMicroelectronics, Toshiba, and the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE) announced that they jointly developed and manufactured a 22 nm SRAM cell, built on a traditional six-transistor design on a 300 mm wafer, which had a memory cell size of just 0.1 μm2. The cell was printed using imme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20library%20ratings | There are several national systems for assessing, evaluating, or otherwise rating the quality of public libraries.
United States
Basic library statistics (not rankings) were initially maintained by the National Center for Educational Statistics; that body continues to collect data for academic libraries, but administration of the Public Libraries Survey and the State Library Agencies Survey was transferred to the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) in October 2007. IMLS continues to conduct public library surveys as well as distribute historical data from surveys back to 1988.
The Library Data Archives includes longitudinal data sets.
HAPLR and subsequent debate
The system that would become Hennen's American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR) was first published in the January 1999 issue of American Libraries prepared by Thomas J. Hennen Jr., Director of Waukesha County Federated Library System in Wisconsin. Libraries were ranked on 15 measures with comparisons in broad population categories. HAPLR was updated annually through 2010 and was the focus of widespread professional debate in the field of librarianship.
Oregon State Librarian Jim Scheppke noted that the statistics that HAPLR relies on are misleading because they rely too much on output measures, such as circulation, funding, etc. and not on input measures, such as open hours and patron satisfaction. "To give HAPLR some credit, collectively, the libraries in the top half of the list are definitely bette |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-T%27s%20Rap%20School | Ice-T's Rap School is a reality television show on VH1. It is a spin-off of the British reality show Gene Simmons' Rock School, which also aired on VH1.
In Rap School, rapper/actor Ice-T teaches eight teens from York Preparatory School in New York City how to become a real hip-hop group called the "York Prep Crew" ("Y.P. Crew" for short). Each week, Ice-T gives them assignments and they compete for an imitation gold chain with a microphone on it. On the season finale, the group performed as an opening act for Public Enemy.
Cast and characters
(nicknames were given by Ice-T himself)
Episodes
The Gold Mic
Guest stars
References
External links
Ice-T's Rap School on The Futon Critic.com
2006 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American reality television series
VH1 original programming
Television series by Banijay
African-American reality television series
English-language television shows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Herzenberg | Leonard Arthur "Len" Herzenberg (November 5, 1931 – October 27, 2013) was an immunologist, geneticist and professor at Stanford University. His contributions to the development of cell biology made it possible to sort viable cells by their specific properties.
Education
Herzenberg was born in New York City, U.S.A. He received his bachelor's degree in 1952 from Brooklyn College in biology and chemistry. In 1955, he received his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in biochemistry with a specialization in immunology for studies on cytochrome in Neurospora.
Career
After school he was a postdoctoral fellow at the American Cancer Society, working in France at the Pasteur Institute. He returned to the United States in 1957 and worked for the National Institutes of Health as an officer in the Public Health Service department. He started working at Stanford in 1959. He eventually earned the title Professor of Genetics.
In 1970 Herzenberg developed the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) which revolutionized immunology and cancer biology, and is the basis for purification of adult stem cells.
During a sabbatical in the laboratory of Cesar Milstein between 1976 and 1977, Herzenberg coined the term hybridoma for hybrid cells that result from the fusion of B cells and myeloma cells.
Personal life
Herzenberg and his wife, Leonore Herzenberg, ran the Herzenberg Laboratory at Stanford together until his death. Their daughter, Jana Herzen, is a singer-songwriter and t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordero | Cordero is Spanish and Italian last name origin. The name means "young lamb", per the Latin cordarius (a derivative of cordus, meaning ‘young’, ‘new’). It may be an occupational name for a shepherd, or a nickname meaning "lamb".
People with the surname
Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (1925–2017), Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
Angel Cordero Jr. (born 1942), Puerto Rican jockey
Atilano Cordero Badillo (born 1943), Puerto Rican entrepreneur and supermarket owner
Chad Cordero (born 1982), American professional baseball player
Desirée Cordero Ferrer (born 1993), Spanish model, Miss Spain 2014
Eugene Cordero, American actor
Federico A. Cordero (1928–2012), Puerto Rican classical guitarist
Franchy Cordero (born 1994), Dominican baseball player
Francisco Cordero (born 1975), Dominican professional baseball player
Georgina Febres-Cordero (1861–1925), Venezuelan nun
Gilda Cordero-Fernando (1930–2020), Filipina writer and publisher
Joaquín Cordero (1923–2013), Mexican actor
Jorge Cordero (musician) (born 1952), Cuban singer, guitarist and percussionist
Jorge Cordero (footballer) (born 1962), Peruvian footballer
Juan Cordero (1822–1884), Mexican painter and muralist
Juan César Cordero Dávila (1904–1965), Puerto Rican Major General in the US Army
León Febres Cordero (1931–2008), President of Ecuador 1984–1988
Luca Cordero di Montezemolo (born 1947), Italian businessman, Chairman of Ferrari
Luis Cordero Crespo (1833–1912), President of Ecuador 189 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Ranch | Buffalo Ranch was a tourist attraction which was operated on in what is today Newport Beach, California by Gene Clark of the Irvine Company and the grandson of the famous Indian chief Geronimo. It was the first outside business to be allowed onto land owned by The Irvine Company. The ranch began with a herd of 72 buffalo, and this number quickly grew. Several Indian families from Kansas were invited to live in the area and work at the Ranch to add to its authenticity and present various tribal dances for the tourists. Bison Road, which exists today as a connection between Jamboree and MacArthur roads in Newport Beach, was originally created as an access road to Buffalo Ranch.
As Urbanus Square
In late 1959/early 1960, Buffalo Ranch was shut down due to rising land costs. At the same time, a nearby site had been chosen for the University of California, Irvine campus, and the Irvine Company had hired the campus' architect, William Pereira, to plan the city of Irvine around it. Pereira, who considered himself a "barn freak" and enjoyed renovating them, took the vacant Buffalo Ranch barn and converted it into his on-site planning office. As the project grew, Pereira added additional buildings to the site, which he renamed "Urbanus Square." It was here that much of the cities of Irvine and Newport Beach were planned, as well as many of Pereira's projects outside the Los Angeles area (such as the Geisel Library in San Diego).
Later existence
Bonita Canyon, which lies within the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20spatial%20automaton | In automata theory (a subfield of computer science), continuous spatial automata, unlike cellular automata, have a continuum of locations, while the state of a location still is any of a finite number of real numbers. Time can also be continuous, and in this case the state evolves according to differential equations.
One important example is reaction–diffusion textures, differential equations proposed by Alan Turing to explain how chemical reactions could create the stripes on zebras and spots on leopards. When these are approximated by CA, such CAs often yield similar patterns. Another important example is neural fields, which are the continuum limit of neural networks where average firing rates evolve based on integro-differential equations. Such models demonstrate spatiotemporal pattern formation, localized states and travelling waves. They have been used as models for cortical memory states and visual hallucinations.
MacLennan considers continuous spatial automata as a model of computation, and demonstrated that they can implement Turing-universality.
See also
Analog computer
Coupled map lattice
References
Cellular automata |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function%20for%20the%20three-variable%20Laplace%20equation | In physics, the Green's function (or fundamental solution) for Laplace's equation in three variables is used to describe the response of a particular type of physical system to a point source. In particular, this Green's function arises in systems that can be described by Poisson's equation, a partial differential equation (PDE) of the form
where is the Laplace operator in , is the source term of the system, and is the solution to the equation. Because is a linear differential operator, the solution to a general system of this type can be written as an integral over a distribution of source given by :
where the Green's function for Laplace's equation in three variables describes the response of the system at the point to a point source located at :
and the point source is given by , the Dirac delta function.
Motivation
One physical system of this type is a charge distribution in electrostatics. In such a system, the electric field is expressed as the negative gradient of the electric potential, and Gauss's law in differential form applies:
Combining these expressions gives us Poisson's equation:
We can find the solution to this equation for an arbitrary charge distribution by temporarily considering the distribution created by a point charge located at :
In this case,
which shows that for will give the response of the system to the point charge . Therefore, from the discussion above, if we can find the Green's function of this operator, we can find to be
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker%27s%20Delight | Hacker's Delight is a software algorithm book by Henry S. Warren, Jr. first published in 2002. It presents fast bit-level and low-level arithmetic algorithms for common tasks such as counting bits or improving speed of division by using multiplication.
Background
The author, an IBM researcher working on systems ranging from the IBM 704 to the PowerPC, collected what he called "programming tricks" over the course of his career. These tricks concern efficient low-level manipulation of bit strings and numbers. According to the book's foreword by Guy L. Steele, the target audience includes compiler writers and people writing high-performance code.
Summary
Programming examples are written in C and assembler for a RISC architecture similar, but not identical to PowerPC. Algorithms are given as formulas for any number of bits, the examples usually for 32 bits.
Apart from the introduction, chapters are independent of each other, each focusing on a particular subject. Many algorithms in the book depend on two's complement integer numbers.
The subject matter of the second edition of the book includes algorithms for
Basic algorithms for manipulating individual bits, formulas for identities, inequalities, overflow detection for arithmetic operations and shifts
Rounding up and down to a multiple of a known power of 2, the next power of 2 and for detecting if an operation crossed a power-of-2 boundary
Checking bounds
Counting total, leading and trailing zeros
Searching for bit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thralls%20%28film%29 | Thralls (also known as Blood Angels in Canada) is a 2005 direct-to-video comedy horror film directed by Ron Oliver and starring Lorenzo Lamas, Leah Cairns, Siri Baruc, Crystal Lowe, Lisa Marie Caruk, Sonya Salomaa, and Moneca Delain. It was written by Lisa Morton and Brett Thompson.
Plot
The plot focuses on six women known as thralls, half-vampires who lack the ability to fly or turn their victims. The thralls are joined by Ashley (Baruc), the sister of one of the thralls, and together they attempt to escape from the control of Mr. Jones (Lamas), a centuries-old vampire with a henchman named Rennie. Leslie opens a dance club in Iowa, while waiting the arrival of her sister Ashley, who grew up in an abusive household. Her father dies of a heart attack, causing Ashley to live with her sister.
Leslie saves Ashley from a group of muggers, and drains one of them of his blood. At the club, a Transvestite threatens to expose the girls for what they really are. Ashley learns that Leslie and her friends are half-vampire. She thanks them for saving her life when she almost fell over a rail. They stole the Necronomicon to defeat Jones, who plans on taking over the world by unleashing Belial, a demon. It is said the Belial tried to make vampires in his own image, but it resulted in making them look human. It is also said that the ritual will begin on the winter solstice, which is the longest night of the year.
Ashley falls for Jim, a local who didn't believe her at first, while his |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Hazell | Tony Hazell (born 19 September 1947 in High Wycombe) is an English former footballer who made 564 appearances in the Football League playing as a defender for Queens Park Rangers, Millwall, Crystal Palace and Charlton Athletic.
Hazell joined Queens Park Rangers as a 15-year-old, and made his professional debut in October 1964 against Gillingham. He was a member of the 1966–67 side that won both the Third Division Championship and the League Cup, defeating West Bromwich Albion 3–2 at Wembley Stadium.
Hazell played 369 League games for QPR before transferring to Millwall in 1974, where he played 153 League games. He later had a short spell at Crystal Palace and a little longer with Charlton Athletic before retiring.
Following his retirement from football, Hazell worked as a technician for British Telecom.
References
1947 births
Living people
Footballers from High Wycombe
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players
British Telecom people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropsy%20in%20fish | Dropsy is a condition in fish caused by the buildup of fluid inside the body cavity or tissues. As a symptom rather than a disease in its own right, it can indicate a number of underlying diseases, including bacterial infections, parasitic infections, or liver dysfunction.
Causes
The symptoms collectively known as “dropsy” may be caused by a multitude of reasons. Poor water quality, viral infections, sudden changes in water conditions and a prolonged period of stress that may compromise the fish’s immune system may all trigger said symptoms.
Symptoms
The following symptoms may be observed:
Swelling of the abdomen
Eyes that are beginning to swell and bulge
Scales that starting to point outward instead of lying flush with their body giving a "pinecone" appearance
A loss of color in their gills
Clamping of the fins
A curve developing in their spine
Pale feces
Swelling near their anus
A loss of appetite
A lack of energy and movement
Treatment
Because dropsy is a symptom of an illness, its cause may or may not be contagious. However, it is standard practice to quarantine sick fish to prevent spreading the underlying cause to the other fish in the tank community in case the disease causing dropsy is contagious. However, this quarantine is only effective when the disease is caught early.
Traditionally, when fish would exhibit dropsy, it was advised to “destroy” it. However recently, it is recommended to “bathe” the fish in water that has aquarium or epsom salts dissolved in it, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre%20Chorin | Alexandre Joel Chorin (born 25 June 1938) is an American mathematician known for his contributions to computational fluid mechanics, turbulence, and computational statistical mechanics.
Chorin's work involves developing methods for solving physics and fluid mechanics problems computationally. His early work introduced several widely used numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, including the method of artificial compressibility, the projection method, and vortex methods. He has made numerous contributions to turbulence theory. In recent years he has been developing methods for prediction in the face of uncertainty and for filtering and data assimilation.
Career
Chorin is a University Professor at the University of California, a Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley and a Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Chorin received the Ing. Dipl. Physics degree from the EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) in 1961, an M.S. in Mathematics from New York University in 1964, and a PhD in Mathematics from New York University in 1966.
Chorin is widely recognized for his mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, many of whom have become nationally and internationally recognized scientists in their own right. In 2008 he was honored with the Sarlo mentoring award by the University of California, Berkeley.
Awards
Chorin's awards include the National Academy Award in Applied Mathematics and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HindIII | HindIII (pronounced "Hin D Three") is a type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease restriction enzyme isolated from Haemophilus influenzae that cleaves the DNA palindromic sequence AAGCTT in the presence of the cofactor Mg2+ via hydrolysis.
The cleavage of this sequence between the AA's results in 5' overhangs on the DNA called sticky ends:
5'-A |A G C T T-3'
3'-T T C G A| A-5'
Restriction endonucleases are used as defense mechanisms in prokaryotic organisms in the restriction modification system. Their primary function is to protect the host genome against invasion by foreign DNA, primarily bacteriophage DNA. There is also evidence that suggests the restriction enzymes may act alongside modification enzymes as selfish elements, or may be involved in genetic recombination and transposition.
Enzyme Structure
The structure of HindIII is complex, and consists of a homodimer. Like other type II restriction endonucleases, it is believed to contain a common structural core comprising four β-sheets and a single α-helix. Each subunit contains 300 amino acids and the predicted molecular mass is 34,950 Da. Despite the importance of this enzyme in molecular biology and DNA technology, little information is available concerning the mechanism of DNA recognition and phosphodiester bond cleavage. However, it is believed that HindIII utilizes a common mechanism of recognition and catalysis of DNA found in other type II enzymes such as EcoRI, BamHI, and BglII. These |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMRIB%20Software%20Library | The FMRIB Software Library, abbreviated FSL, is a software library containing image analysis and statistical tools for functional, structural and diffusion MRI brain imaging data.
FSL is available as both precompiled binaries and source code for Apple and PC (Linux) computers. It is freely available for non-commercial use.
FSL Functionality
History and development
FSL is written mainly by members of the FMRIB (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain) Analysis Group, Oxford
University, UK. The first release of FSL was in 2000; there has been
approximately one major new release each year to date. The FMRIB
Analysis Group is primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust and the UK EPSRC and
MRC Research Councils.
See also
AFNI
FreeSurfer
SPM
Neuroimaging
External links
FSL website
FMRIB Analysis Group
References
Computing in medical imaging
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging software
Organisations associated with the University of Oxford
Wellcome Trust
Organizations established in 2012
2012 establishments in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DP | HLA-DP is a protein/peptide-antigen receptor and graft-versus-host disease antigen that is composed of 2 subunits, DPα and DPβ. DPα and DPβ are encoded by two loci, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, that are found in the MHC Class II (or HLA-D) region in the Human Leukocyte Antigen complex on human chromosome 6 (see protein boxes on right for links).
Less is known about HLA-DP relative to HLA-DQ and HLA-DR but the sequencing of DP types and determination of more frequent haplotypes has progressed greatly within the last few years.
Structure, Functions, Genetics
Structure
HLA-DP is an αβ-heterodimer cell-surface receptor. Each DP subunit (α-subunit, β-subunit) is composed of a α-helical N-terminal domain, an IgG-like β-sheet, a membrane spanning domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The α-helical domain forms the sides of the peptide binding groove. The β-sheet regions form the base of the binding groove and the bulk of the molecule as well as the inter-subunit (non-covalent) binding region.
Function
The name 'HLA-DP' originally describes a transplantation antigen of MHC class II category of the major histocompatibility complex of humans, however this antigen is an artifact of the era of organ transplantation. HLA DP functions as a cell surface receptor for foreign or self antigens. The immune system surveys antigens for foreign pathogens when presented by MHC receptors (like HLA-DP). The MHC Class II antigens are found on antigen presenting cells (APC)(macrophages, dendritic cells, and B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote%20%28disambiguation%29 | A zygote is a fertilized biological cell.
Zygote may also refer to:
Zygote (album), the first solo album from John Popper
Zygote (software), a software component of the Android operating system
Zygote Media Group, a high-end 3D rendering and animation software company
Zygote in My Coffee, an underground magazine in the United States published 2003–2010
Zygote (2017), a short SF/horror movie created by Oats Studios |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Davis%20%28North%20Carolina%20politician%29 | Donald Gene Davis (born August 29, 1971) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for North Carolina's 1st congressional district since 2023.
A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the 5th district in the North Carolina Senate from 2013 to 2023. Davis was first elected to the post in 2008, representing Pitt, Wayne, and Greene counties. He was defeated for reelection in 2010, but ran and won a Senate seat for the newly redrawn 5th district in the 2012 election.
Early life and education
Davis was born in the town of Snow Hill. In 1989, he graduated from McArthur High School in Irving, Texas. He earned a Bachelor of Science in social sciences from the United States Air Force Academy. Davis earned a Master of Science in Administration degree with a concentration in general administration from Central Michigan University and a Master of Arts in sociology degree with a concentration in social issues in regional development from East Carolina University. He also earned a Doctor of Education in educational leadership with a concentration in higher education administration from East Carolina University. Davis has completed courses in the Commissioned Lay Minister Program through the New Hope Presbytery, Presbyterian Church United States of America.
Early political career
Elected mayor of Snow Hill in 2001, Davis also chaired North Carolina's 1st congressional district Democratic Party. He filed to run for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 1st d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole%20King | Nicole King (born 1970) is an American biologist and faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley in molecular and cell biology and integrative biology. She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2005. She has been an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) since 2013.
King studies the evolution of multicellularity and choanoflagellates. The goal of her work is to reconstruct how multicellular animals evolved from single-cell organisms.
Professional contributions
King identified choanoflagellates as key organisms to answer questions about the origin of multicellularity. Prior to her work, it was unclear whether choanoflagellates or fungi were the closest outgroup to multicellular animals (also called "metazoans"). King's comparative genomics work in collaboration with Sean Carroll helped to elucidate the evolutionary "tree of life." In addition, work by King and colleagues showed that choanoflagellates possess several protein-coding genes that are highly related to protein-coding genes in animals at the base of the metazoan tree, such as sponges, cnidarians, and ctenophores.
More recent work by King demonstrates that molecules thought to underpin the transition to multicellarity also exist in choanoflagellates and therefore were present in the single-celled and colonial ancestors of animals. For example, one of the most abundant and important cell adhesion molecules in the animal kingdom, cadherin, exists in choanoflagellates. In animals, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportioning%20valve | A proportioning valve is a valve that relies on the laws of fluid pressure to distribute input forces to one or more output lines. A proportioning valve can increase or decrease forces for each output, depending on the cross-sectional surface areas of those output lines.
A simple example is an input tube with cross-sectional area A entering a chamber. Leading out of the chamber are two more tubes, one with cross-sectional area 3A and the other with area A/2. If a force F is applied to the fluid in the input tube, the pressure in that tube will be F/A. Utilizing pressure laws, we find that each output tube will see the same pressure. This means the output tube with area 3A will yield a force of 3F, and the output tube with area A/2 will yield a force of F/2. Thus, if you apply a 10-pound force to the input, you will get forces of 30 lbf and 5 lbf, respectively, from the outputs. If you apply a 10-newton force to the input, you will get forces of 30 N and 5 N, respectively, from the outputs
Proportioning valves are frequently used in cars to reduce the brake fluid pressure to the rear brakes. In cars with disc brakes on the front and drum brakes on the back, more pressure is needed for the disc brakes in the front. The proportioning valve prevents the rear brakes from engaging before the front brakes during panic stops.
See also
Pressure regulator
Electronic brakeforce distribution
References
Fundamentals of Automotive Technology: Principles and Practice. Jones & Ba |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20III | Band III is the name of the range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 174 to 240 megahertz (MHz). It is primarily used for radio and television broadcasting. It is also called high-band VHF, in contrast to Bands I and II.
Broadcast Television
North America
The band is subdivided into seven channels for television broadcasting, each occupying 6 MHz.
Europe
European Band III allocations vary from country to country, with channel widths of 7 or 8 MHz.
The standard channel allocations for European countries that use System B with 7 MHz channel spacing are as follows:
The Irish (8 MHz) system is shown below.
Oceania
Australia has allocated 8 channels in Band III for digital television, each with 7 MHz bandwidth.
Russia and other former members of OIRT
Russian analog television is transmitted using System D with 8 MHz channel bandwidth.
Radio
The band came into use for radio broadcasting at the turn of the 21st century and is used for Digital Audio Broadcasting.
It is subdivided into a number of frequency blocks:
Worldwide usage
Europe
In the UK and part of Ireland, Band III was originally used for monochrome 405-line television; however, this was discontinued by the mid-1980s. Other European countries (including Ireland) continued to use Band III for analogue 625-line colour television.
Digital television in the DVB-T standard can be used in conjunction with VHF Band III and is used as such in som |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20II | Band II is the range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 87.5 to 108.0 megahertz (MHz).
Radio
Band II is primarily used worldwide for FM radio broadcasting.
Broadcast television
Usage in Russia and in other former members of OIRT
In the former Soviet Union and other countries-members of OIRT, frequencies from 76 MHz to 100 MHz were designated for broadcast television usage. Considering 8 MHz channel bandwidth used by the Russian analog television system (System D), the following television channels had been defined:
Broadcast television channels 1 and 2 are assigned to VHF I band, channels 6 to 12 are assigned to VHF III band.
Starting from the early 1990s, frequencies previously allotted to television channels 4 and 5 have been re-allocated for FM radio, thereby harmonizing it with the Western allocation for FM radio service.
References
Radio spectrum
Broadcast engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval%20scheduling | Interval scheduling is a class of problems in computer science, particularly in the area of algorithm design. The problems consider a set of tasks. Each task is represented by an interval describing the time in which it needs to be processed by some machine (or, equivalently, scheduled on some resource). For instance, task A might run from 2:00 to 5:00, task B might run from 4:00 to 10:00 and task C might run from 9:00 to 11:00. A subset of intervals is compatible if no two intervals overlap on the machine/resource. For example, the subset {A,C} is compatible, as is the subset {B}; but neither {A,B} nor {B,C} are compatible subsets, because the corresponding intervals within each subset overlap.
The interval scheduling maximization problem (ISMP) is to find a largest compatible set, i.e., a set of non-overlapping intervals of maximum size. The goal here is to execute as many tasks as possible, that is, to maximize the throughput. It is equivalent to finding a maximum independent set in an interval graph.
A generalization of the problem considers machines/resources. Here the goal is to find compatible subsets whose union is the largest.
In an upgraded version of the problem, the intervals are partitioned into groups. A subset of intervals is compatible if no two intervals overlap, and moreover, no two intervals belong to the same group (i.e., the subset contains at most a single representative of each group). Each group of intervals corresponds to a single task, and repre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20I | Band I is a range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The first time there was defined "for simplicity" in Annex 1 of "Final acts of the European Broadcasting Conference in the VHF and UHF bands - Stockholm, 1961". Band I ranges from 47 to 68 MHz for the European Broadcasting Area, and from 54 to 88 MHz for the Americas and it is primarily used for television broadcasting in compliance with ITU Radio Regulations (article 1.38). With the transition to digital TV, most Band I transmitters have already been switched off.
Television broadcasting usage
Channel spacings vary from country to country, with spacings of 6, 7 and 8 MHz being common.
In the UK, Band I was originally used by the BBC for monochrome 405-line television; likewise, the French former 455-line (1937-1939) then 441-line (1943-1956) transmitter on the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and some stations of the French monochrome 819-line system used Band I. Both 405-line and 819-line systems were discontinued in the mid-1980s. Other European countries used Band I for 625-line analogue television, first in monochrome and later in colour.
This was being gradually phased out with the introduction of digital television in the DVB-T standard, which is not defined for VHF Band I, though some older receivers and some modulators do support it.
In the United States, use of this band is for analog NTSC (ended June 12, 2009) and digital ATSC (current). Digital television |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20and%20New%20Zealand%20television%20frequencies | Television frequency allocation has evolved since the start of television in Australia in 1956, and later in New Zealand in 1960. There was no coordination between the national spectrum management authorities in either country to establish the frequency allocations. The management of the spectrum in both countries is largely the product of their economical and political situation. New Zealand didn't start to develop television service until 1965 due to World War 2 and its economic harm in the country's economy.
The demand and planning for television in Australia intensified after WW2, with the Chifley government first favouring the existing British model (state monopoly) in 1948, and New Zealand used a similar model during the introduction of television in the 1960s. Private broadcasting did not come to the country until the 1980s, but there was no spectrum expansion to cope with the new arrangement.
History
Australia
Australian television broadcasting commenced in 1956 in Melbourne and Sydney to coincide with the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Three stations commenced operations on a ten-channel spectrum arrangement: the ABC operating in the VHF low band (VHF Ch 2), and the commercial stations operating in the VHF high band (VHF Ch 7 & 9). At the outset, commercial stations were independently owned, but due to economic forces network affiliations were soon established.
This pattern of television spectrum allocation was replicated in most of the state capital cities over the sub |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Everett%20Just | Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941) was a pioneering biologist, academic and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. In his work within marine biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.
Early life and education
Born to Charles Jr. and Mary Matthews Just on August 14, 1883, Just was one of five children. His father and grandfather, Charles Sr., were builders. When Just was four years old, both his father and grandfather died (the former of alcoholism). Just's mother became the sole supporter of Just, his younger brother, and his younger sister. Mary Matthews Just taught at an African-American school in Charleston to support her family. During the summer, she worked in the phosphate mines on James Island. Noticing that there was much vacant land near the island, Mary persuaded several black families to move there to farm. The town they founded, now incorporated in the West Ashley area of Charleston, was eventually named Maryville in her honor.
When Just was young, he became severely sick for six weeks with typhoid. Once the fever passed, he had a hard time recuperating, and his memory had been greatly affected. He had previously learned to read and write, but now had to relearn. His mother had been very sympathetic in teaching him, but after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version%20space%20learning | Version space learning is a logical approach to machine learning, specifically binary classification. Version space learning algorithms search a predefined space of hypotheses, viewed as a set of logical sentences. Formally, the hypothesis space is a disjunction
(i.e., either hypothesis 1 is true, or hypothesis 2, or any subset of the hypotheses 1 through ). A version space learning algorithm is presented with examples, which it will use to restrict its hypothesis space; for each example , the hypotheses that are inconsistent with are removed from the space. This iterative refining of the hypothesis space is called the candidate elimination algorithm, the hypothesis space maintained inside the algorithm its version space.
The version space algorithm
In settings where there is a generality-ordering on hypotheses, it is possible to represent the version space by two sets of hypotheses: (1) the most specific consistent hypotheses, and (2) the most general consistent hypotheses, where "consistent" indicates agreement with observed data.
The most specific hypotheses (i.e., the specific boundary SB) cover the observed positive training examples, and as little of the remaining feature space as possible. These hypotheses, if reduced any further, exclude a positive training example, and hence become inconsistent. These minimal hypotheses essentially constitute a (pessimistic) claim that the true concept is defined just by the positive data already observed: Thus, if a novel (nev |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSAP | BSAP may refer to:
B-cell-specific activator protein
Baltic Sea Action Plan, Helsinki Committee
Basic Strategic Art Program
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
British Society of Animal Science, formerly British Society of Animal Production
British South Africa Police
Bristol Standard Asynchronous Protocol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanischer%20Lloyd | The Germanischer Lloyd SE was a classification society based in the city of Hamburg, Germany. It ceased to exist as an independent entity in September 2013 as a result of its merger with Norway's DNV (Det Norske Veritas) to become DNV GL.
Before the merger, as a technical supervisory organization, Germanischer Lloyd conducted safety surveys on more than 7,000 ships with over 100 Mio GT. Its technical and engineering services also included the mitigation of risks and assurance of technical compliance for oil, gas, and industrial installations, as well as wind energy parks.
History
On 16 March 1867, a group of 600 shipowners, shipbuilders and insurers met in the big hall of the Hamburg Stock Exchange on the occasion of the founding convention of Germanischer Lloyd. On behalf of the founding committee, the merchant and shipowner August Behn signed the statute of the young institution. The founding committee consisted of representatives of shipowners J. C. Godeffroy & Sohn, A. J. Schön & Co., A. J. Hertz & Söhne, as well as R. M. Sloman. The new society was founded as a non-profit association based in Hamburg.
The reason for forming a German classification society was to achieve transparency. Merchants, shipowners, and insurers used to get little information about the state of a ship. As an independent classification society, Germanischer Lloyd was created to evaluate the quality of ships and deliver the results to shipowners, merchants, and insurers.
First classification |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beckman%E2%80%93Quarles%20theorem | In geometry, the Beckman–Quarles theorem states that if a transformation of the Euclidean plane or a higher-dimensional Euclidean space preserves unit distances, then it preserves all Euclidean distances. Equivalently, every homomorphism from the unit distance graph of the plane to itself must be an isometry of the plane. The theorem is named after Frank S. Beckman and Donald A. Quarles Jr., who published this result in 1953; it was later rediscovered by other authors and re-proved in multiple ways. Analogous theorems for rational subsets of Euclidean spaces, or for non-Euclidean geometry, are also known.
Statement and proof idea
Formally, the result is as follows. Let be a function or multivalued function from a -dimensional Euclidean space to itself, and suppose that, for every pair of points and that are at unit distance from each other, every pair of images and are also at unit distance from each other. Then must be an isometry: it is a one-to-one function that preserves distances between all pairs of
One way of rephrasing the Beckman–Quarles theorem involves graph homomorphisms, mappings between undirected graphs that take vertices to vertices and edges to edges. For the unit distance graph whose vertices are all of the points in the plane, with an edge between any two points at unit distance, a homomorphism from this graph to itself is the same thing as a unit-distance-preserving transformation of the plane. Thus, the Beckman–Quarles theorem states that the onl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie%20Ridge%20High%20School | Prairie Ridge High School, often referred to as "PR," is the newest public high school in Community High School District 155 in Crystal Lake, Illinois, United States. The other three high school in the area include Crystal Lake Central, Crystal Lake South, and Cary-Grove. Prairie Ridge High school opened in 1997 to address the overpopulation of the three area high schools.
In addition to Crystal Lake's areas with the 60012 zip code, Prairie Ridge also accepts students from the Northern and Eastern areas of Crystal Lake with the 60014 zipcode, along with Prairie Grove, Oakwood Hills, Burtons Bridge, Ridgefield, and small portions of McHenry, Cary, and Bull Valley. Prior to opening its doors, the first graduating class of students was allowed to vote on the name, colors, and song for the new high school. The district approved the name, and Prairie Ridge was born. As of the 2017–2018 school year, Prairie Ridge is the smallest high school in District 155.
Academics
The four-year graduation rate of Prairie Ridge for the 2020-21 school year was 98%, which is above the district average of 96% and the state average of 88%. For the 2018 graduating class, 80% of 362 students continued their education into either a community college or a 4-year university, and the most popular choices are McHenry County College (97), Iowa State University (12), Illinois State University (10), University of Iowa (10), and University of Illinois (9).
Prairie Ridge offers over 200 courses including Adv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lake%20Central%20High%20School | Crystal Lake Central High School, often referred to as "Central" or "CLC," is the oldest of the three high schools in Crystal Lake, Illinois, United States.
History
Crystal Lake Central High School opened its doors in 1924 as Crystal Lake Community High School. It was enlarged in 1928 with the first addition, with a second addition including the "Fieldhouse" completed in 1953. Another addition was completed to the west-end of the building in the 1964–1965 school year. Prior to its creation, area high school students attend Union School beginning in 1884. Crystal Lake Community (and Union School before it) served students in grades 9–12 from Crystal Lake, Cary, and the surrounding areas of McHenry County. Students in the first graduating class at Crystal Lake Community (Class of 1924) began their school year at Union School and moved to the new high school building just one month before graduation. Prior to relocating, the school was part of the Union School campus located at what is now Husmann Elementary School. The school was renamed as Crystal Lake Central in 1978 when Crystal Lake South opened, reaching an approximate maximum student population of 2100 in 1978. Crystal Lake Central once was the least populated of Community High School District 155's four high schools, as well as the oldest, however, as of the 2015–2016 school year, it is the second smallest, with Prairie Ridge High School having a smaller population size.
Athletics
Its mascot is the Tiger, with school |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20D%20class%20%281874%29 | NZR D class steam tank locomotives operated on New Zealand's national railway network. The first entered service in 1874 all had been withdrawn by the end of 1927, which allowed the D classification to be used again in 1929.
Introduction
The boiler and cylinders were the same as the slightly earlier C class, but its driving wheels had a larger diameter and it was aesthetically different from the C. The class was ordered in a number of batches: eight from Neilson and Company in 1874, five from Dübs and Company and four from Neilson in 1878, seven from Neilson in 1880, ten from Scott Brothers in 1887, and the final D from Scott Brothers in 1890. The order with Scott Brothers, placed in 1884, was the first large-scale construction of locomotives in New Zealand.
Names
Four of the 1874 locomotives were named:
D 143: Trout
D 144: Kingfisher
D 169: Possum
D 240: Snapper
Operation
The class was not particularly powerful and was employed on light duties, sometimes achieving speeds of 72.4 km/h (45 mph) on a level grade. They often saw service on commuter trains between Christchurch and Lyttelton until superior locomotives took their place, and they were utilised at other major locations on the South Island's east coast. In the North Island, D 137 was used in 1905 as part of a "railcar" trial service between Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt, hauling a carriage that seated 24 first class passengers, 48 second class passengers, and had a guard's compartment. It was inspired by lo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOAA | MOAA may refer to:
Military Officers Association of America
Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoid%20receptor | Retinoid receptors are nuclear receptors (a class of proteins) that bind to retinoids. When bound to a retinoid, they act as transcription factors, altering the expression of genes with corresponding response elements. Significant age-related declines in the levels of retinoid receptors in the forebrains of rats have been reversed by supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which can restore neurogenesis.
Subtypes include:
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs)
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs)
RAR-related orphan receptors (RORs)
References
Intracellular receptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1%20Botanical%20Garden | The José Celestino Mutis botanical garden is Colombia's biggest botanical garden. It serves both as a recreation and research center with an emphasis on Andean and Páramo ecosystems. The garden is located in Bogotá and features plants from every Colombian altitude, climate and region. It was founded in 1955, in honor of botanist and astronomer José Celestino Mutis.
The municipally owned park is famous nationwide and is a member of the internationally known BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conservation International). The garden has an artificial waterfall and labs for studying plants and flowers. It also has public services such as a library and a tourist information desk. The garden is the only one in the nation specialized in preserving and collecting Andean species of flowers. Its 19.5 acres are full with collections of plants grouped by their original ecosystem.
Among other curiosities, the park includes a sun clock, a palmetum, an orchid collection, and a wide variety of Amazon flowers.
History
Jose Celestino Mutis was born in Spain in the city of Cadiz in 1732. He graduated in medicine from the University of Seville. In 1783, Under the rule of Charles III of Spain, he headed the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada. The expedition was the most important scientific collaboration of the 18th century where over 6,600 new species of flora were discovered and described. Although most of his research was not published and most of the time never completed, he remains as one of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier%20%28UML%29 | A classifier is a category of Unified Modeling Language (UML) elements that have some common features, such as attributes or methods.
Overview
A classifier is an abstract metaclass classification concept that serves as a mechanism to show interfaces, classes, datatypes and components.
A classifier describes a set of instances that have common behavioral and structural features (operations and attributes, respectively).
A classifier is a namespace whose members can specify a generalization hierarchy by referencing its general classifiers.
A classifier is a type and can own generalizations, thereby making it possible to define generalization relationships to other classifiers.
A classifier is a redefinable element, as it is possible to redefine nested classifiers.
All objects that can have instances are classifiers.
Important aspects
A classifier defines a namespace.
A classifier contains a set of features.
A classifier is generalizable.
Types of UML classifiers
Class
Component
Datatype
Interface
Node
Signal
Subsystem
Use Case
Predefined UML classifiers
Actor
Association
Class
Component
Datatype
Interface
Node
Signal
Subsystem
Use Case
References
Unified Modeling Language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium%20cadmium%20bromide | Caesium cadmium bromide (Cs Cd Br3) is a synthetic crystalline material. It belongs to the AMX3 group (where A = alkali metal, M = bivalent metal, X = halogen ion). Unlike most other bromides, CsCdBr3 is non-hygroscopic, giving it applications as an efficient upconversion material in solar cells. As a single crystal structure doped with rare-earth ions, it can be also used as active laser medium. It is highly transparent in the visible and infrared regions and can be used as a nonlinear optical crystal.
Caesium cadmium bromide with the formula Cs2CdBr4 has also been synthesized.
References
Metal halides
Caesium compounds
Cadmium compounds
Bromides
Crystals
Laser gain media |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Louis | Gene Louis (also known as Gene Bullets) is a vocalist, front-man of hard rock band Bullets and Octane, and former vocalist in Sex N Violence. He also has a solo project, releasing under his own name.
History
Louis was raised in St. Louis, Missouri and taught to play drums by his jazz drummer father. Louis moved to Orange County, California with long-time friend and bassist Brent Clawson to start Bullets and Octane in 1998. Louis remained the band's drummer until the original lead singer quit and Louis stepped up to the mic, being replaced on drums by local punk rocker, Ty Smith, while James Daniel would later join on guitar.
Career
Bullets and Octane released their debut album The Revelry through the Criterion Records imprint in 2004. The album was produced by ex Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke, who now forms part of Rock Star Supernova. Their second album, In the Mouth of the Young was released in 2006 after the band moved to RCA Records. This record was produced by Helmet frontman Page Hamilton.
The band have opened for Avenged Sevenfold and CKY, and played on the Family Values Tour 2006, in company of Korn, Flyleaf and Deftones. They toured with Unwritten Law, Zebrahead, and Social Distortion and recently finished a UK tour with The Knives.
In December 2007, Gene announced on his MySpace that he is to release 52 songs (one for each week) in 2008, where he plays every instrument. Gene insisted, however, that this did not mean the end of Bullets and Octane. He was a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNCC%20%28AM%29 | WNCC was a commercial AM radio station, licensed to the Borough of Northern Cambria, Pennsylvania. WNCC operated on a federally assigned frequency of 950 kHz with a maximum power output of 500 Watts.
History
WNCC first signed on the air back in 1950, licensed to the coal-mining community of Barnesboro (which would later merge with Spangler to form Northern Cambria) and like many small stations of its day, served the local area with a combination of local news, sports, and music. The station first operated from the American Legion post in Barnesboro and under the ownership of North Cambria Broadcasters, Inc. William Thomas served as the station's first general manager.
The station first changed hands in January 1960 when it was sold to WNCC Inc., a company headed by J. Howard Bair. Studios were then moved to 803 Maple Avenue. Ownership changed again on December 26, 1975, when the station was purchased by Bland Group, Inc., a company headed by William Bland. Bland brought major market radio know-how to Barnesboro. He had been successful in radio sales at KQV in Pittsburgh and at WLS in Chicago. Bland had also done well as a disc jockey in the 1960s, working on Mexican Radio at XEMO in Tijuana and, most notably, at WPOP in Hartford, Connecticut.
Bland's strategy for the Barnesboro station included terms like "Serving Coal Country" and "Your Radio Station, WNCC." With a strong focus on local news and information, the top 40 records being spun by "The Real" Johnny Dial |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction%20to%20entropy | In thermodynamics, entropy is a numerical quantity that shows that many physical processes can go in only one direction in time. For example, cream and coffee can be mixed together, but cannot be "unmixed"; a piece of wood can be burned, but cannot be "unburned". The word 'entropy' has entered popular usage to refer a lack of order or predictability, or of a gradual decline into disorder. A more physical interpretation of thermodynamic entropy refers to spread of energy or matter, or to extent and diversity of microscopic motion.
If a movie that shows coffee being mixed or wood being burned is played in reverse, it would depict processes impossible in reality. Mixing coffee and burning wood are "irreversible". Irreversibility is described by a law of nature known as the second law of thermodynamics, which states that in an isolated system (a system not connected to any other system) which is undergoing change, entropy increases over time.
Entropy does not increase indefinitely. A body of matter and radiation eventually will reach an unchanging state, with no detectable flows, and is then said to be in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermodynamic entropy has a definite value for such a body and is at its maximum value. When bodies of matter or radiation, initially in their own states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, are brought together so as to intimately interact and reach a new joint equilibrium, then their total entropy increases. For example, a glass of war |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20sine%20theorem | In optics, the optical sine theorem states that the products of the index, height, and sine of the slope angle of a ray in object space and its corresponding ray in image space are equal. That is:
External links
http://physics.tamuk.edu/~suson/html/4323/aberatn.html#Optical%20Sine
Sine theorem
Physics theorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OKATO | Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative Division (), or OKATO (), also called All-Russian classification on units of administrative and territorial distribution in English, is one of several Russian national registers. OKATO's purpose is organization of information about structure of the administrative divisions of the federal subjects of Russia.
The document assigns numeric codes to each administrative division of the country, which are hierarchically structured from the federal subject level down to selsoviet level; an expanded version also includes listings of individual inhabited localities within each administrative division.
OKATO is used for statistical and tax purposes. It was adopted on July 31, 1995, replacing SOATO (Designation System of Objects of Administrative Division of the Union of SSR and the Union Republics, as well as Inhabited Localities). It went into effect on January 1, 1997 and as of 2014 underwent 243 revisions. The compilation and maintenance of the OKATO data are the responsibility of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat).
See also
Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China (:zh:中华人民共和国行政区划代码), a somewhat similar system used in the PRC (only down to the county level).
OKTMO, Russian Classification on Territories of Municipal Division
References
External links
Political divisions of Russia
Geocodes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD278 | Inducible T-cell costimulator is an immune checkpoint protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOS gene.
CD278 or ICOS (Inducible T-cell COStimulator) is a CD28-superfamily costimulatory molecule that is expressed on activated T cells. It is thought to be important for Th2 cells in particular.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CD28 and CTLA-4 cell-surface receptor family. It forms homodimers and plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, immune responses and regulation of cell proliferation.
Knockout phenotype
Compared to wild-type naïve T cells, ICOS-/- T cells activated with plate-bound anti-CD3 have reduced proliferation and IL-2 secretion. The defect in proliferation can be rescued by addition of IL-2 to the culture, suggesting the proliferative defect is due either to ICOS-mediated IL-2 secretion or the activation of similar signaling pathways between ICOS and IL-2. In terms of Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion, ICOS-/- CD4+ T cell activated in vitro reduced IL-4 secretion, while maintaining similar IFN-g secretion. Similarly, CD4+ T cells purified from ICOS-/- mice immunized with the protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in alum or complete Freund's Adjuvant have attenuated IL-4 secretion, but similar IFN-g and IL-5 secretion when recalled with KLH.
These data are similar to an airway hypersensitivity model showing similar IL-5 secretion, but reduced IL-4 secretion in response to sensitization with Ova protein, indicating a defect in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20resonance | A Fermi resonance is the shifting of the energies and intensities of absorption bands in an infrared or Raman spectrum. It is a consequence of quantum-mechanical wavefunction mixing. The phenomenon was explained by the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi.
Selection rules and occurrence
Two conditions must be satisfied for the occurrence of Fermi resonance:
The two vibrational modes of a molecule transform according to the same irreducible representation in their molecular point group. In other words, the two vibrations must have the same symmetries (Mulliken symbols).
The transitions coincidentally have very similar energies.
Fermi resonance most often occurs between fundamental and overtone excitations, if they are nearly coincident in energy.
Fermi resonance leads to two effects. First, the high-energy mode shifts to higher energy, and the low-energy mode shifts to still lower energy. Second, the weaker mode gains intensity (becomes more allowed), and the more intense band decreases in intensity. The two transitions are describable as a linear combination of the parent modes. Fermi resonance does not lead to additional bands in the spectrum, but rather shifts in bands that would otherwise exist.
Examples
Ketones
High-resolution IR spectra of most ketones reveal that the "carbonyl band" is split into a doublet. The peak separation is usually only a few cm−1. This splitting arises from the mixing of νCO and the overtone of HCH bending modes.
CO2
In CO2, the bending vibrat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Census Division No. 4 is a Statistics Canada statistical division that comprises the areas of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador called St. George's. It covers a land area of 7087.65 km² and had a population of 20,387 at the 2016 census.
Towns
Cape St. George
Gallants
Kippens
Lourdes
Port au Port East
Port au Port West-Aguathuna-Felix Cove
St. George's
Stephenville
Stephenville Crossing
Unorganized subdivisions
Subdivision A (including Codroy, Cape Anguille, Doyles, South Branch)
Subdivision B (including Highlands, Jeffrey’s, Robinsons)
Subdivision C (including St. Teresa, Flat Bay, Barachois Brook)
Subdivision D (including Fox Island River)
Subdivision E (including Mainland)
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Division No. 4 had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
Sources
004 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Swedlow | Jason Swedlow is an American-born cell biologist and light microscopist who is Professor of Quantitative Cell Biology at the School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland. He is a co-founder of the Open Microscopy Environment and Glencoe Software. In 2021, he joined Wellcome Leap as a Program Director.
Education and career
Prof. Swedlow received a B.A. in Chemistry from Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1982. He then earned a Ph.D. in Biophysics from UCSF in 1994, under the direction of Dr. David Agard and Dr. John Sedat. After a postdoctoral fellowship with Dr Tim Mitchison at UCSF and then Harvard Medical School, Dr Swedlow established his own laboratory in 1998 at the Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, as a Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellow. He was awarded a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in 2002 and named Professor of Quantitative Cell Biology in 2007. From 2021-2024, he has a part-time secondment as a Program Director at Wellcome Leap, running the Delta Tissue Program. He was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2012 and appointed an Honorary OBE in 2021.
Research
Prof. Swedlow's research focuses on mechanisms and regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division
and the development of software tools for accessing, processing, sharing and publishing large scientific image datasets. He leads OME, an international consortium that develops and releases open source software for biologic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate%E2%80%93aspartate%20shuttle | The malate–aspartate shuttle (sometimes simply the malate shuttle) is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis across the semipermeable inner membrane of the mitochondrion for oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes. These electrons enter the electron transport chain of the mitochondria via reduction equivalents to generate ATP. The shuttle system is required because the mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NADH, the primary reducing equivalent of the electron transport chain. To circumvent this, malate carries the reducing equivalents across the membrane.
Components
The shuttle consists of four protein parts:
malate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space.
aspartate aminotransferase in the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space.
malate-alpha-ketoglutarate antiporter in the inner membrane.
glutamate-aspartate antiporter in the inner membrane.
Mechanism
The primary enzyme in the malate–aspartate shuttle is malate dehydrogenase. Malate dehydrogenase is present in two forms in the shuttle system: mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. The two malate dehydrogenases are differentiated by their location and structure, and catalyze their reactions in opposite directions in this process.
First, in the cytosol, malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction of oxaloacetate and NADH to produce malate and NAD+. In this process, two electrons generated from NADH, and an accompany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA-12 | The alphanumeric designation CA-12, CA 12 or CA12 may refer to:
CA12, the carbonic anhydrase 12 enzyme and the gene that encodes it
California's 12th congressional district
California State Route 12, a highway in California
CAC Boomerang, a WWII fighter aircraft manufactured by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation in Australia
Comp Air 12, a civil utility aircraft manufactured by Comp Air Inc. in the USA
USS North Carolina (ACR-12), an early 20th-century U.S. Navy armoured cruiser, later renamed USS Charlotte (CA-12) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20of%20Cantus | The Crystal of Cantus is a Big Finish Productions audio drama featuring Lisa Bowerman as Bernice Summerfield, a character from the spin-off media based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
Plot
Bernice, Jason and Irving Braxiatel visit the planet of Cantus to locate its fabled Crystal. There, they unearth what seems to be a tomb of Cybermen. When even that isn't what it first appears to be, Bernice discovers that she can no longer trust one of her oldest friends.
Cast
Bernice Summerfield — Lisa Bowerman
Jason Kane — Stephen Fewell
Ronan McGinley — Nicholas Briggs
Irving Braxiatel — Miles Richardson
Joseph — Steven Wickham
Peter Summerfield — Thomas Grant
Parasiel — Paul Bryant
Commander Hallan — Michael Cuckson
Babs — Katarina Olsson
Jack — Toby Longworth
Thesanius — Gary Russell
Cassus — Joseph Lidster
Trivia
This story features a return to the Garazone Bazaar, first heard in the Doctor Who audio adventure Sword of Orion.
It's suggested that the Pandora creature is still trapped inside Irving Braxiatel's head which may explain his behaviour.
The story features the culmination of events leading back to The Mirror Effect.
It's implied that the Crystal of Cantus is actually from the Coronet of Rassilon.
External links
Big Finish Productions - Professor Bernice Summerfield: The Crystal of Cantus
Bernice Summerfield audio plays
Cybermen audio plays
Fiction set in the 27th century |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Subdivision%20B%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Division No. 4, Subd. B is an unorganized subdivision on St. George's Bay on the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is in Division No. 4.
According to the 2016 Statistics Canada Census:
Population: 1174
% Change (2011 to 2016): -9.6%
Dwellings: 948
Area: 1847.38 km2
Density: 0.6 people/km2
Division No. 4, Subd. B includes the unincorporated communities of
Cartyville
Heatherton
Highlands
Jeffrey's
Loch Leven
McKay's
Robinsons
St. Fintan's
St. David's
References
Newfoundland and Labrador subdivisions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone%20likelihood%20ratio | A monotonic likelihood ratio in distributions and
The ratio of the density functions above is monotone in the parameter , so satisfies the monotone likelihood ratio property.
In statistics, the monotone likelihood ratio property is a property of the ratio of two probability density functions (PDFs). Formally, distributions ƒ(x) and g(x) bear the property if
that is, if the ratio is nondecreasing in the argument .
If the functions are first-differentiable, the property may sometimes be stated
For two distributions that satisfy the definition with respect to some argument x, we say they "have the MLRP in x." For a family of distributions that all satisfy the definition with respect to some statistic T(X), we say they "have the MLR in T(X)."
Intuition
The MLRP is used to represent a data-generating process that enjoys a straightforward relationship between the magnitude of some observed variable and the distribution it draws from. If satisfies the MLRP with respect to , the higher the observed value , the more likely it was drawn from distribution rather than . As usual for monotonic relationships, the likelihood ratio's monotonicity comes in handy in statistics, particularly when using maximum-likelihood estimation. Also, distribution families with MLR have a number of well-behaved stochastic properties, such as first-order stochastic dominance and increasing hazard ratios. Unfortunately, as is also usual, the strength of this assumption comes at the price of rea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairine | Kairine is a derivative of tetrahydroquinoline which was first described by Wilhelm Fischer in 1883. Its name comes from the Greek kairos, meaning "the right time". It is an antipyretic, formerly used against typhoid fever, but now largely obsolete due to severe side effects. Both kairine and its N-ethyl homolog show similar antipyretic activity.
See also
8-Hydroxyquinoline
References
Nitrogen heterocycles
Antipyretics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20No.%204%2C%20Subdivision%20C%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Division No. 4, Subd. C is an unorganized subdivision on St. George's Bay on the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is in Division No. 4.
According to the 2016 Statistics Canada Census:
Population: 747
% Change (2011 to 2016): 2.6
Dwellings: 490
Area: 2378.34 km2
Density: 0.3 people/km2
Division No. 4, Subd. C includes the unincorporated communities of
Barachois Brook
Flat Bay
Mattis Point
St. Teresa
References
Newfoundland and Labrador subdivisions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrowing | Narrowing may refer to:
Narrowing (computer science), a type of algorithm for solving equations between symbolic expressions
Narrowing of algebraic value sets, a method for the elimination of values from a solution set which are inconsistent with the equations being solved
Narrowing (historical linguistics), a type of semantic change
Collisional narrowing of a spectral line due to collisions of the emitting species
Motional narrowing of a resonant frequency due to the inhomogeneity of the system averaging out over time
Perceptual narrowing, a process in brain development
Q-based narrowing, a concept in pragmatics
Stenosis, the narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ
See also
Narrow (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artesunate%20suppositories | Artesunate suppositories are used for the treatment of malaria. Artesunate is an antimalarial water-soluble derivative of dihydroartemisinin. Artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Artemisia annua, a Chinese traditional medicine. These suppositories are given rectally due to the risk of death from severe malaria, as described below.
The risk of death from severe malaria is largely dependent on the time lag between the onset of symptoms and treatment. Rapid access and administration of effective treatment is therefore essential. For many patients, readily available oral drugs cannot be taken because of their symptoms (e.g., vomiting, convulsions, coma), and hospitals providing alternative, non-oral treatment are often inaccessible. The drug artesunate, given in rectal suppository form, provides a potential solution to this problem: it can be made available in remote areas and thus can be given at the onset of symptoms.
Artesunate is one of a number of artemisinin derivatives discovered and developed by Chinese scientists and registered in China since the 1980s. Since the 1990s, UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) have supported studies to assess the properties of the drug. There were already indications that artesunate, given rectally, was effective in severe malaria. Significant work with artemisinin suppositories in severe malaria was conducted in Viet Nam in the early 1990s, and clinical trials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy%20protein | Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans are processed into three kinds of high protein commercial products: soy flour, concentrates, and isolates. Soy protein isolate has been used since 1959 in foods for its functional properties.
Soy protein is generally regarded as being concentrated in protein bodies, which are estimated to contain at least 60–70% of the total soybean protein. Upon germination of the soybean, the protein will be digested, and the released amino acids will be transported to locations of seedling growth. Soybeans contain a small but newly very significant 2S Albumin storage protein. Legume proteins, such as soy and pulses, belong to the globulin family of seed storage proteins called legumin and vicilins, or in the case of soybeans, glycinin and beta-conglycinin. Soybeans also contain biologically active or metabolic proteins, such as enzymes, trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinins, and cysteine proteases very similar to papain. The soy cotyledon storage proteins, important for human nutrition, can be extracted most efficiently by water, water plus dilute alkali (pH 7–9), or aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (0.5–2 M ≈ 30-120 g/L) from dehulled and defatted soybeans that have undergone only a minimal heat treatment so the protein is close to being native or undenatured.
History
Soy protein has been available since 1936 for its functional proper |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastard%20%28typeface%29 | Bastard is a blackletter typeface designed by Jonathan Barnbrook in 1990. The name derives from a typographic classification known as Bastarda. The Bastard face is an exploration of the blackletter face (the earliest types, similar to those made by Gutenberg, and based upon monastic script) with a simple kit of parts. The face is available in three weights: Spindly Bastard, Fat Bastard, and Even Fatter Bastard.
While the angular terminals suggest the nib of a pen, the typeface was drawn electronically and avoids curved strokes. The c. 1865 typeface Fletcher is similar in its purely geometric construction.
References
Bain, Peter and Paul Shaw. Blackletter: Type and National Identity. Princeton Architectural Press: 1998. .
Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. .
Macmillan, Neil. An A–Z of Type Designers. Yale University Press: 2006. .
External links
Website of Barnbrook Design
Blackletter typefaces
Typefaces with text figures
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1990
Typefaces designed by Jonathan Barnbrook |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20dimension | In mathematics the term Hilbert dimension may refer to:
Hilbert space dimension
Hilbert dimension in ring theory, see Hilbert's basis theorem
See also
Hilbert series and Hilbert polynomial |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Tottenham%20Hotspur%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | Tottenham Hotspur are an English association football club based in Tottenham, London. They are among the most successful clubs in English football, with 26 league and cup victories.
Club records
Record wins
Record win: 13–2 v Crewe Alexandra, FA Cup, 3 February 1960
Record league victory: 9–0 v Bristol Rovers, Division 2, 22 October 1977
Record Premier League victory: 9–1 v Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009
Most league goals scored: 10–4 v Everton, 11 October 1958.
Record cup victory: 13–2 v Crewe Alexandra, FA Cup, 3 February 1960
Record home win: 13–2 v Crewe Alexandra, FA Cup, 3 February 1960
Record UEFA Cup win: 9–0 v Keflavík (Iceland) 28 September 1971 (aggregate 15–1, including 1–6 win away on 14 September 1971)
Record away wins:
7–0 v Tranmere Rovers, FA Cup, 4 January 2019
6–0 v Drogheda United, UEFA Cup, 14 September 1983
6–0 v Oldham Athletic, Football League Cup, 23 September 2004
7–1 v Hull City, Premier League, 21 May 2017.
Record defeats
Record defeat: 0–8 v 1. FC Köln, UEFA Intertoto Cup, 22 July 1995
Record Champions League defeat: 2–7 v Bayern Munich, 1 October 2019
Most league goals conceded: 2–8 v Derby County, Division 1, 16 October 1976
Record league defeat: 0–7 v Liverpool, Division 1, 2 September 1978
Record Premier League defeat:
1–7 v Newcastle United, 28 December 1996
0–6 v Sheffield United, 2 March 1993
0–6 v Manchester City, 24 November 2013
Record cup defeat: 1–6 v Newcastle United, FA Cup, 23 December 1999
Record home defeat: 0–6
v S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culdocentesis | Culdocentesis is a medical procedure involving the extraction of fluid from the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) posterior to the vagina through a needle. It can be one diagnostic technique used in identifying pelvic inflammatory disease (in which case purulent fluid will be extracted) and ruptured ectopic pregnancies that cause hemoperitoneum.
In the procedure, the rectouterine pouch is often reached through the posterior fornix of the vagina. The process of creating the hole is called colpotomy if a scalpel incision is made to drain the fluid rather than using a needle.
See also
Amniocentesis
Colposcopy
Culdoscopy
References
External links
"Culdocentesis and colpotomy" at World Health Organization
Female genital procedures |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20rearrangement | Tree rearrangements are deterministic algorithms devoted to search for optimal phylogenetic tree structure. They can be applied to any set of data that are naturally arranged into a tree, but have most applications in computational phylogenetics, especially in maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood searches of phylogenetic trees, which seek to identify one among many possible trees that best explains the evolutionary history of a particular gene or species.
Basic tree rearrangements
The simplest tree-rearrangement, known as nearest-neighbor interchange, exchanges the connectivity of four subtrees within the main tree. Because there are three possible ways of connecting four subtrees, and one is the original connectivity, each interchange creates two new trees. Exhaustively searching the possible nearest-neighbors for each possible set of subtrees is the slowest but most optimizing way of performing this search. An alternative, more wide-ranging search, subtree pruning and regrafting (SPR), selects and removes a subtree from the main tree and reinserts it elsewhere on the main tree to create a new node. Finally, tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) detaches a subtree from the main tree at an interior node and then attempts all possible connections between edges of the two trees thus created. The increasing complexity of the tree rearrangement technique correlates with increasing computational time required for the search, although not necessarily with their performance.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20Area%20Segway%20Enthusiasts%20Group | The Bay Area Segway Enthusiasts Group held its first meeting on September 20, 2003, at the California FIRST Robotics Competition. The group was formed to increase knowledge and public acceptance of the Segway Human Transporter and to provide a resource to local owners and enthusiasts for information and group events. Not only was it one of the first Segway Enthusiasts Groups but it has become the largest and one of the most active. They are based in the San Francisco Bay Area.
In July 2004 members of the Bay Area SEG started playing Segway Polo. Group members have played around the United States and in New Zealand. Other teams are forming around the world.
Some notable members of Bay Area SEG are Steve Wozniak, Victor Miller and Amy Tan.
External links
Organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area
2003 establishments in California
Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area
Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCF%20complex | Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (or SCF complex) is a multi-protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes the ubiquitination of proteins destined for 26S proteasomal degradation. Along with the anaphase-promoting complex, SCF has important roles in the ubiquitination of proteins involved in the cell cycle. The SCF complex also marks various other cellular proteins for destruction.
Core components
SCF contains a variable F-box protein and three core subunits:
F-box protein (FBP) – FBP contributes to the substrate specificity of the SCF complex by first aggregating to target proteins independently of the complex. Each FBP (e.g. Skp2) may recognize several different substrates in a manner that is dependent on post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation. FBP then binds to Skp1 of the SCF complex using an F-box motif, bringing the target protein into proximity with the functional E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. FBP is also essential in regulating SCF activity during the course of the cell cycle. SCF levels are thought to remain constant throughout the cell-cycle. Instead, FBP affinity for protein substrates is regulated through cyclin-CDK-mediated phosphorylation of target proteins.
Skp1 – Skp1 is an adaptor protein that is essential for the recognition and binding of F-box proteins.
Cullin (CUL1) – Cullin forms the major structural scaffold of the SCF complex and links the skp1 domain to the Rbx1 domain. Different combinations of Culli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobin | Hydrophobins are a group of small (~100 amino acids) cysteine-rich proteins that were discovered in filamentous fungi that are lichenized or not. Later similar proteins were also found in Bacteria. Hydrophobins are known for their ability to form a hydrophobic (water-repellent) coating on the surface of an object. They were first discovered and separated in Schizophyllum commune in 1991. Based on differences in hydropathy patterns and biophysical properties, they can be divided into two categories: class I and class II. Hydrophobins can self-assemble into a monolayer on hydrophilic:hydrophobic interfaces such as a water:air interface. Class I monolayer contains the same core structure as amyloid fibrils, and is positive to Congo red and thioflavin T. The monolayer formed by class I hydrophobins has a highly ordered structure, and can only be dissociated by concentrated trifluoroacetate or formic acid. Monolayer assembly involves large structural rearrangements with respect to the monomer.
Fungi make complex aerial structures and spores even in aqueous environments.
Hydrophobins have been identified in lichens as well as non-lichenized ascomycetes and basidiomycetes; whether they exist in other groups is not known. Hydrophobins are generally found on the outer surface of conidia and of the hyphal wall, and may be involved in mediating contact and communication between the fungus and its environment. Some family members contain multiple copies of the domain.
Hydrophobins ha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20power%20station | Solar power station may refer to:
Concentrated solar power
Photovoltaic power station
Space-based solar power
See also
List of solar thermal power stations
List of photovoltaic power stations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chelsea%20Symphony | The Chelsea Symphony is an orchestra noted for its uniquely fluid hierarchy. Based in New York City, The Chelsea Symphony's members rotate as the ensemble’s own conductors, composers, and soloists. Each season, every conductor conducts a complete symphonic program with the group; each composer has a new work performed by the full orchestra; and every soloist performs a featured piece with the entire ensemble. The Chelsea Symphony gives most of its concerts at the German Church of St. Paul's.
Founding and First Concerts
Founded in November 2005 by Miguel Campos Neto and Yaniv Segal, the orchestra was originally called The City Orchestra of New York, but later changed its name to The Chelsea Symphony after establishing itself as the resident orchestra of Chelsea, Manhattan. The orchestra gave its first concert (as The City Orchestra of New York) on May 20, 2006, at the German Church of St. Paul's. The concert featured conductors Ankush Bahl, Miguel Campos Neto, Avlana Eisenberg, Geoffrey Robson, and Yaniv Segal; soloists Greg Giannascoli (Marimba) and Michael Ludwig (Violin); and composer Aaron Dai.
The orchestra gave its first concerts as The Chelsea Symphony on September 9 and 10, 2006, at St. Peter's Church - Chelsea and the German Church of St. Paul's, respectively. The concert cycle featured conductors Geoffrey Robson and Ben Rous; soloists Adam Hollander (Oboe) and Hugo Moreno (Trumpet); and composer Ryan Chase.
External links
The Chelsea Symphony's website
St. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20diffusion | Spin diffusion describes a situation wherein the individual nuclear spins undergo continuous exchange of energy. This permits polarization differences within the sample to be reduced on a timescale much shorter than relaxation effects.
Spin diffusion is a process by which magnetization can be exchanged spontaneously between spins. The process is driven by dipolar coupling, and is therefore related to internuclear distances. Spin diffusion has been used to study many structural problems in the past, ranging from domain sizes in polymers and disorder in glassy materials to high-resolution crystal structure determination of small molecules and proteins.
In solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, spin diffusion plays a major role in Cross Polarization (CP) experiments. As mentioned before, by transferring the magnetization (and thus the population) from nuclei with different values for the spin-lattice relaxation (T1), the overall time for the experiment is reduced. Is a very common practice when the sample contains hydrogen. Another desirable effect is that the signal to noise ratio (S/N) is increased until a theoretical factor γA/γB, being γ the gyromagnetic ratio.
Notes
Quantum field theory
Nuclear magnetic resonance |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Palace%20%28High%20Level%29%20railway%20station | Crystal Palace (High Level) was a railway station in South London. It was one of two stations built to serve the new site of the Great Exhibition building, the Crystal Palace, when it was moved from Hyde Park to Sydenham Hill after 1851. It was the terminus of the Crystal Palace and South London Junction Railway (CPSLJR), which was later absorbed by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR). The station closed permanently in 1954.
History
Origins
In 1860 the LCDR had a route from to Victoria via the existing Crystal Palace station (later known as "Low Level"), but this was owned and operated by the rival London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR). To capture traffic from the LBSCR the LCDR promoted the CPSLJR to construct a branch from on the South London Line via Nunhead to a new terminal station above the Crystal Palace park.
The line, and the terminus only, opened on 1 August 1865. It was on the southern boundary of the Hamlet of Dulwich division of the ancient Civil Parish of Camberwell St. Giles.
Features
The station was designed by Charles Barry Jr. as a lavish red brick and buff terra cotta building. It was excavated into the ridge below Crystal Palace Parade, approached from the north through the Paxton Tunnel, requiring major engineering works. There were subway exits leading under Crystal Palace Parade into Crystal Palace Park, linking the station directly with the palace. The subway was a vaulted and tiled chamber resembling a Byzantine crypt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20National%20Scout%20Jamboree | The 1993 National Scout Jamboree was the 13th national Scout jamboree of the Boy Scouts of America and was held from August 4-10, 1993, at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia.
Statistics
This event was attended by 34,449 scouts.
List of sub-camps
The 1993 National Scout Jamboree was divided into four regional encampments which consisted of a total of 19 sub-camps. Each subcamp consisted of approximately 1300 participants each dispersed among 30-40 troops. Each troop occupied a campsite with dimensions of approximately X 90 feet. Each subcamp had a special patch depicting a historical flag.
Central region
Subcamp 1: Green Mountain
Subcamp 2: Rhode Island
Subcamp 3: Guilford Courthouse
Subcamp 4: French Fleur-de-lis
Western region
Subcamp 5: Union Jack
Subcamp 6: Grand Union
Subcamp 7: Fremont
Subcamp 8: Sons of Liberty
Subcamp 9: Gadsden
Southern region
Subcamp 15: Navy Jack
Subcamp 16: Serapis
Subcamp 17: Fort Moultrie
Subcamp 18: Lions & Castles
Subcamp 19: Commodore Perry
Northeast region
Subcamp 10: Bunker Hill
Subcamp 11: Bennington
Subcamp 12: Washington Cruisers
Subcamp 13: Phila, Light Horse
Subcamp 14: Taunton
Program
Jamboree attendees were able to participate in a number of activities. Singer Lee Greenwood and performance group Up With People performed at the opening ceremony, and singer Louise Mandrell performed at the closing ceremony. A list of the main activities is given below.
Action centers
"Action Alley"
Air-Rifle
Archery
"Bikathalon"
"Buckskin Games" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20terminal%20repeat | A long terminal repeat (LTR) is a pair of identical sequences of DNA, several hundred base pairs long, which occur in eukaryotic genomes on either end of a series of genes or pseudogenes that form a retrotransposon or an endogenous retrovirus or a retroviral provirus. All retroviral genomes are flanked by LTRs, while there are some retrotransposons without LTRs. Typically, an element flanked by a pair of LTRs will encode a reverse transcriptase and an integrase, allowing the element to be copied and inserted at a different location of the genome. Copies of such an LTR-flanked element can often be found hundreds or thousands of times in a genome. LTR retrotransposons comprise about 8% of the human genome.
The first LTR sequences were found by A.P. Czernilofsky and J. Shine in 1977 and 1980.
Transcription
The LTR-flanked sequences are partially transcribed into an RNA intermediate, followed by reverse transcription into complementary DNA (cDNA) and ultimately dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) with full LTRs. The LTRs then mediate integration of the DNA via an LTR specific integrase into another region of the host chromosome.
Retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) use this basic mechanism.
Dating retroviral insertions
As 5' and 3' LTRs are identical upon insertion, the difference between paired LTRs can be used to estimate the age of ancient retroviral insertions. This method of dating is used by paleovirologists, though it fails to take into account confoundin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational%20efficiency | In cell biology, translational efficiency or translation efficiency is the rate of mRNA translation into proteins within cells.
It has been measured in protein per mRNA per hour. Several RNA elements within mRNAs have been shown to affect the rate. These include miRNA and protein binding sites. RNA structure may also affect translational efficiency through the altered protein or microRNA binding.
See also
List of cis-regulatory RNA elements
Transterm
UTRdb
References
External links
Transterm database online
Cell biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenovirus%20E1B%20protein | Adenovirus E1B protein usually refers to one of two proteins transcribed from the E1B gene of the adenovirus: a 55kDa protein and a 19kDa protein. These two proteins are needed to block apoptosis in adenovirus-infected cells. E1B proteins work to prevent apoptosis that is induced by the small adenovirus E1A protein, which stabilizes p53, a tumor suppressor.
Functions
E1B-19k
E1B-19k blocks a p53-independent apoptosis mechanism. Without E1B-19k, degradation of both cellular and viral DNA occurs, in addition to premature host cell death during the lytic cycle, thus limiting viral replication.
E1B-19k mimics MCL1, which is a cellular antiapoptotic protein. In infected cells, the expression of E1A results in the degradation of MCL-1, which normally binds the propaptotic protein, BAK. BAK activation induces apoptosis by cooligomerizing with another proapoptotic protein, BAX. Together, BAK and BAX form pores in the mitochondrial membrane, releasing apoptogenic proteins like cytochrome c. This and other proteins released from the mitochondria lead to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and the resulting apoptotic program. However, in adenovirus-infected cells, activated BAK and BAX are sequestered by E1B-19k, preventing the pathway.
E1B-55k
E1B-55k blocks p53 from inhibiting cell cycling and stops it from inducing apoptosis. Observations show that E1b-55k inhibits activation by p53 by binding a repression domain to it, converting it from an activator to a repressor of p53-activ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Wiesenfeld | Kurt Wiesenfeld is an American physicist working primarily on non-linear dynamics. His works primarily concern stochastic resonance, spontaneous synchronization of coupled oscillators, and non-linear laser dynamics. Since 1987, he has been professor of physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
Life and work
Kurt Wiesenfeld received his Bachelor of Science in Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979, after which he moved to University of California, Berkeley and received his doctorate in 1985. From 1984 to 1985, he was a Lecturer and Research Scientist at the University of California at Santa Cruz.
In 1987, as a post-doctoral research scientist in the Solid State Theory Group of Brookhaven National Laboratory, he and another fellow post-doctoral scientist, Chao Tang, along with their mentor, Per Bak, presented new ideas in group organization with a concept they coined self-organized criticality in their paper in Physical Review Letters. The first discovered example of a dynamical system displaying such self-organized criticality was named after them as the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld "sandpile" model.
Wiesenfeld is currently a fellow of the American Physical Society, a member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), and a past member of the Executive Committee of the American Physical Society's Division of Biological Physics.
Selected publications
References
External links
Georgia Institute of Technology School of Physics
" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov%E2%80%93Bogolyubov%20theorem | In mathematics, the Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem (also known as the existence of invariant measures theorem) may refer to either of the two related fundamental theorems within the theory of dynamical systems. The theorems guarantee the existence of invariant measures for certain "nice" maps defined on "nice" spaces and were named after Russian-Ukrainian mathematicians and theoretical physicists Nikolay Krylov and Nikolay Bogolyubov who proved the theorems.
Formulation of the theorems
Invariant measures for a single map
Theorem (Krylov–Bogolyubov). Let (X, T) be a compact, metrizable topological space and F : X → X a continuous map. Then F admits an invariant Borel probability measure.
That is, if Borel(X) denotes the Borel σ-algebra generated by the collection T of open subsets of X, then there exists a probability measure μ : Borel(X) → [0, 1] such that for any subset A ∈ Borel(X),
In terms of the push forward, this states that
Invariant measures for a Markov process
Let X be a Polish space and let be the transition probabilities for a time-homogeneous Markov semigroup on X, i.e.
Theorem (Krylov–Bogolyubov). If there exists a point for which the family of probability measures { Pt(x, ·) | t > 0 } is uniformly tight and the semigroup (Pt) satisfies the Feller property, then there exists at least one invariant measure for (Pt), i.e. a probability measure μ on X such that
See also
For the 1st theorem: Ya. G. Sinai (Ed.) (1997): Dynamical Systems II. Ergodic Theory with A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble%20raft | A bubble raft is an array of bubbles. It demonstrates materials' microstructural and atomic length-scale behavior by modelling the {111} plane of a close-packed crystal. A material's observable and measurable mechanical properties strongly depend on its atomic and microstructural configuration and characteristics. This fact is intentionally ignored in continuum mechanics, which assumes a material to have no underlying microstructure and be uniform and semi-infinite throughout.
Bubble rafts assemble bubbles on a water surface, often with the help of amphiphilic soaps. These assembled bubbles act like atoms, diffusing, slipping, ripening, straining, and otherwise deforming in a way that models the behavior of the {111} plane of a close-packed crystal. The ideal (lowest energy) state of the assembly would undoubtedly be a perfectly regular single crystal, but just as in metals, the bubbles often form defects, grain boundaries, and multiple crystals.
History of bubble rafts
The concept of bubble raft modelling was first presented in 1947 by Nobel Laureate Sir William Lawrence Bragg and John Nye of Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory in Proceedings of the Royal Society A. Legend claims that Bragg conceived of bubble raft models while pouring oil into his lawn mower. He noticed that bubbles on the surface of the oil assembled into rafts resembling the {111} plane of close-packed crystals. Nye and Bragg later presented a method of generating and controlling bubbles on th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Pitot | Henri Pitot (; May 3, 1695 – December 27, 1771) was a French hydraulic engineer and the inventor of the pitot tube.
In a pitot tube, the height of the fluid column is proportional to the square of the velocity of the fluid at the depth of the inlet to the pitot tube. This relationship was discovered by Henri Pitot in 1732, when he was assigned the task of measuring the flow in the river Seine.
He rose to fame with the design of the Aqueduc de Saint-Clément near Montpellier (the construction lasted thirteen years), and the extension of Pont du Gard in Nîmes. In 1724, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and in 1740 a fellow of the Royal Society.
The Pitot theorem of plane geometry is named after him.
Rue Henri Pitot in Carcassonne is named after him.
Notes
References
External links
History of water distribution
1695 births
1771 deaths
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fluid dynamicists
Hydraulic engineers
18th-century French engineers
People from Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20and%20I%20%28Eddie%20Rabbitt%20and%20Crystal%20Gayle%20song%29 | "You and I" is a duet recorded by American country music artists Eddie Rabbitt and Crystal Gayle. It was written by Frank J. Myers, produced by David Malloy, and released in October 1982 as the first single from Rabbitt's eighth studio album Radio Romance (1982). "You and I" became a major country pop crossover hit for both artists.
Track listing
7" single
"You And I" – 3:58
"All My Life, All My Love" – 2:44
Critical reception
In 2005, the song was ranked number seven on CMT's 100 Greatest Duets in Country Music. Gayle performed the duet with Raul Malo of The Mavericks since Rabbitt had died of lung cancer in 1998.
"You and I" went to number one on the US Billboard Country chart for one week.
On the Billboard Hot 100, the song spent 29 weeks on the chart, peaking at number seven, and making it the 12th biggest song of the year.
Charts
In popular culture
The song was used for the 1984 wedding of Greg Nelson and Jenny Gardner on the American soap opera All My Children.
The US musical television series Glee covered this song in a mash-up with the Lady Gaga's same titled song in the third season episode "Mash Off" (2011). American sitcom 30 Rock covered the song when Jenna (Jane Krakowski) practised and sang it with contestant Brock (Tyler Merna) on the Live Results Show of America's Kidz Got Singing at the end of the sixth season episode, "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong, Part 2" (2012).
References
External links
1982 songs
1982 singles
Eddie Rabbitt songs
Crystal Gayle song |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-exact%20solutions%20in%20general%20relativity | Non-exact solutions in general relativity are solutions of Albert Einstein's field equations of general relativity which hold only approximately. These solutions are typically found by treating the gravitational field, , as a background space-time, , (which is usually an exact solution) plus some small perturbation, . Then one is able to solve the Einstein field equations as a series in , dropping higher order terms for simplicity.
A common example of this method results in the linearised Einstein field equations. In this case we expand the full space-time metric about the flat Minkowski metric, :
,
and dropping all terms which are of second or higher order in .
See also
Exact solutions in general relativity
Linearized gravity
Post-Newtonian expansion
Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism
Numerical relativity
References
General relativity |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Get%20Over%20You | "I'll Get Over You" is a song written by Richard Leigh, and recorded by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. It was released in March 1976 as the second single from the album Somebody Loves You. The song was Gayle's seventh chart hit and her first number-one country hit in 1976.
Background
In the mid-1970s, Gayle was trying to establish a recording career in country music. Gayle wanted to be on the level of her older sister Loretta Lynn. It was the help of her sister that helped produce Gayle's first single called "I've Cried the Blue Right Out of My Eyes."
However, it was the help of songwriter Richard Leigh who helped her gain control of her career. He wrote her first two big hits "Wrong Road Again" and "Somebody Loves You". In 1976, Gayle finally released "I'll Get Over You". The song became Gayle's first number-one hit, and the song made Gayle a household name.
That same year, "I'll Get Over You" was released on her 1976 album Somebody Loves You. "I'll Get Over You" remains as one of her best-known songs.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other versions
Two weeks before Crystal's version entered the Billboard Easy Listening chart in June 1976, a cover by actress Susan George hit the chart, peaking at No. 44.
References
External links
1976 singles
1975 songs
Crystal Gayle songs
Songs written by Richard Leigh (songwriter)
Song recordings produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records singles |
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