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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal%20synthesis | Hydrothermal synthesis includes the various techniques of crystallizing substances from high-temperature aqueous solutions at high vapor pressures; also termed "hydrothermal method". The term "hydrothermal" is of geologic origin. Geochemists and mineralogists have studied hydrothermal phase equilibria since the beginning of the twentieth century. George W. Morey at the Carnegie Institution and later, Percy W. Bridgman at Harvard University did much of the work to lay the foundations necessary to containment of reactive media in the temperature and pressure range where most of the hydrothermal work is conducted.
Hydrothermal synthesis can be defined as a method of synthesis of single crystals that depends on the solubility of minerals in hot water under high pressure. The crystal growth is performed in an apparatus consisting of a steel pressure vessel called an autoclave, in which a nutrient is supplied along with water. A temperature gradient is maintained between the opposite ends of the growth chamber. At the hotter end the nutrient solute dissolves, while at the cooler end it is deposited on a seed crystal, growing the desired crystal.
Advantages of the hydrothermal method over other types of crystal growth include the ability to create crystalline phases which are not stable at the melting point. Also, materials which have a high vapour pressure near their melting points can be grown by the hydrothermal method. The method is also particularly suitable for the growth o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlobalStem | GlobalStem, Inc. is a biotechnology company based in Rockville, Maryland.
GlobalStem is a provider of laboratory products and services for the stem cell research community. The company is based in Rockville, Maryland and serves an international base of academic, private industry and government customers. The company was founded in 2006 by a team of stem cell researchers who desired to bring to market better quality and more standardized research tools. GlobalStem is engaged in collaborative and strategic partnerships with a number of major companies in the stem cell research field, and is a leading resource center to foster the advancement of human embryonic stem cell research.
Globalstem, Inc. was acquired by Molecular Transfer, Inc. in 2009. In 2015, the newly organized company was rebranded as MTI-GlobalStem.
MTI-GlobalStem was subsequently acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific in late 2016.
Products
Fully characterized Stem cells
ES-qualified Mouse Feeder Cells and Human Feeder Cells
Proprietary growth media for ES culture
ES-qualified Fetal Bovine Serum and Medium Supplements
iPSC- human induced pluripotent stem cells and culture reagents
Transfection and Protein production Tools
Characterization services
References
External links
Official website
Biotechnology companies of the United States
Companies based in Gaithersburg, Maryland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresia%2C%20Chile | Fresia () is a city and commune in Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos Region, Chile.
Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Fresia spans an area of and has 12,804 inhabitants (6,580 men and 6,224 women). Of these, 6,144 (48%) lived in urban areas and 6,660 (52%) in rural areas. The population fell by 1.6% (209 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.
Administration
As a commune, Fresia is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Bernardo Espinoza Villalobos (PS).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Fresia is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Fidel Espinoza (PS) and Carlos Recondo (UDI) as part of the 56th electoral district, together with Puyehue, Río Negro, Purranque, Puerto Octay, Frutillar, Llanquihue, Puerto Varas and Los Muermos. The commune is represented in the Senate by Camilo Escalona Medina (PS) and Carlos Kuschel Silva (RN) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region).
References
External links
Municipality of Fresia
Populated places in Llanquihue Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householder%20operator | In linear algebra, the Householder operator is defined as follows. Let be a finite-dimensional inner product space with inner product and unit vector . Then
is defined by
This operator reflects the vector across a plane given by the normal vector .
It is also common to choose a non-unit vector , and normalize it directly in the Householder operator's expression:
Properties
The Householder operator satisfies the following properties:
It is linear; if is a vector space over a field , then
It is self-adjoint.
If , then it is orthogonal; otherwise, if , then it is unitary.
Special cases
Over a real or complex vector space, the Householder operator is also known as the Householder transformation.
References
Numerical linear algebra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ronnie%20Barker%20Playhouse | The Ronnie Barker Playhouse was a series of six comedy half hours showcasing the talents of Ronnie Barker. All were broadcast by Associated-Rediffusion in 1968.
The series was written by Brian Cooke, Hugh Leonard, Johnnie Mortimer and Alun Owen. The executive producer was David Frost, while the producers were Stella Richman and actress Stella Tanner. All the episodes were directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg.
This series features the first appearance of Barker's character Lost Rustless who features in the episode "Ah! There You Are". The character would go onto appear in subsequent shows Hark at Barker and His Lordship Entertains. Another episode "The Incredible Mister Tanner" written by Brian Cooke and Johnnie Mortimer, would go on to be commissioned for a series with Brian Murphy taking over the title role, which ran for one series in 1981.
Archive status
Of the six shows only Tennyson and The Fastest Guy In Finchley are missing from the archives, after the rediscovery of the other four episodes at the BFI in 2012.
Episode list
References
External links
The Ronnie Barker Playhouse at British Comedy Guide
The Ronnie Barker Playhouse at BFI Database
1968 British television series debuts
1968 British television series endings
1960s British anthology television series
ITV comedy
1960s British comedy television series
English-language television shows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/8 | PL/8 (or PL.8), is a dialect of PL/I developed by IBM Research in the 1970s by compiler group, under Martin Hopkins, within a major research program that led to the IBM RISC architecture. It was so-called because it was about 80% of PL/I. Written in PL/I and bootstrapped via the PL/I Optimizing compiler, it was an alternative to PL/S for system programming, compiling initially to an intermediate machine-independent language with symbolic registers and machine-like operations. It applied machine-independent program optimization techniques to this intermediate language to produce exceptionally good object code. The intermediate language was mapped by the back-end to the target machine's register architecture and instruction set. Back-ends were written for IBM 801, S/370, Motorola 68000, and POWER/PowerPC. A version was used on IBM mainframes as a development tool for software that was being designed for the IBM AS/400, as well as to write the "i370" internal code for the "Capitol" chipset used in the IBM 9377 processor and some ES/9370 models and the millicode for S/390 and z/Architecture processors.
References
PL/I programming language family |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izod%20Lacoste | Izod Lacoste is a brand name of sportswear that was licensed to Izod by Lacoste from 1952-1993.
History of the partnership
In 1953, David Crystal, the owner of Izod and Haymaker, bought 50% of the rights to market Lacoste in America. The "Izod" and "Haymaker" brands were already established there. "Lacoste" was added to enhance the brands' prestige and introduce the name to American markets. The resulting union of the two companies was the piqué polo/tennis shirt. When the shirts began to sell well, Crystal decided to keep the combined names. The brand hit its peak popularity in the late '70s and early '80s when the "preppy" look became mainstream, with many nationwide department stores featuring separate "Izod/Lacoste" shops, with jackets, sweaters, and a wide variety of other apparel. During this period, annual sales reached $150 million for the shirts alone.
Decline
The "preppy" trend cooled in the late 1980s and the brand became overexposed. The market was also saturated with knock-off replicas. The name was split in the early 1990s when Crystal sought to expand company sales. Lacoste moved upmarket in an attempt to recapture its "elite" status. Meanwhile, Izod was reintroduced as midrange apparel. While this tactic worked for a short period, it could not support Crystal's company, which was heavily in debt due to poor investments in other brands such as Salty Dog and Gant. The marketing license was ended in the mid-1990s after his company became too financially burden |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight%20word | High frequency sight words (also known simply as sight words) are commonly used words that young children are encouraged to memorize as a whole by sight, so that they can automatically recognize these words in print without having to use any strategies to decode. Sight words were introduced after whole language (a similar method) fell out of favor with the education establishment.
The term sight words is often confused with sight vocabulary, which is defined as each person's own vocabulary that the person recognizes from memory without the need to decode for understanding.
However, some researchers say that two of the most significant problems with sight words are: (1) memorizing sight words is labour intensive, requiring on average about 35 trials per word, and (2) teachers who withhold phonics instruction and instead rely on teaching sight words are making it harder for children to "gain basic word-recognition skills" that are critically needed by the end of grade three and can be used over a lifetime of reading.
Rationale
Sight words account for a large percentage (up to 75%) of the words used in beginning children's print materials. The advantage for children being able to recognize sight words automatically is that a beginning reader will be able to identify the majority of words in a beginning text before they even attempt to read it; therefore, allowing the child to concentrate on meaning and comprehension as they read without having to stop and decode every single |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrodifference%20equation | In mathematics, an integrodifference equation is a recurrence relation on a function space, of the following form:
where is a sequence in the function space and is the domain of those functions. In most applications, for any , is a probability density function on . Note that in the definition above, can be vector valued, in which case each element of has a scalar valued integrodifference equation associated with it. Integrodifference equations are widely used in mathematical biology, especially theoretical ecology, to model the dispersal and growth of populations. In this case, is the population size or density at location at time , describes the local population growth at location and , is the probability of moving from point to point , often referred to as the dispersal kernel. Integrodifference equations are most commonly used to describe univoltine populations, including, but not limited to, many arthropod, and annual plant species. However, multivoltine populations can also be modeled with integrodifference equations, as long as the organism has non-overlapping generations. In this case, is not measured in years, but rather the time increment between broods.
Convolution kernels and invasion speeds
In one spatial dimension, the dispersal kernel often depends only on the distance between the source and the destination, and can be
written as . In this case, some natural conditions on f and k imply that there is a well-defined
spreading speed for waves of in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmpliChip%20CYP450%20Test | AmpliChip CYP450 Test is a clinical test from Roche. The test aims to find the specific gene types (a genotype) of the patient that will determine how he or she metabolizes certain medicines, therefore guides the doctors to prescribe medicine for best effectiveness and least side effects.
The AmpliChip CYP450 Test uses micro array technology from Affymetrix (GeneChip) to determine the genotype of the patient in terms of two cytochrome P450 enzymes: 2D6 and 2C19.
2D6 and 2C19 variability
CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 belong to the Cytochrome P450 oxidase family. CYP2D6 has over 90 variants, 2C19 has mainly three. They are responsible for the majority of the inter-individual variability in the ability to metabolize drugs.
There are four phenotypes of CYP2D6: Poor Metabolizer (PM), Intermediate Metabolizer (IM), Extensive (normal) Metabolizer (EM) and Ultrarapid Metabolizer (UM). For CYP2C19, there are only two phenotypes: PM and EM. If a substrate of the enzyme is given to the patient as a medication, and if the patient has reduced CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 activity, the patient will have elevated drug concentration in their body, and therefore severe side effects may occur. On the other hand, for the UM patient, the drug concentration might be too low to have a therapeutic effect. So testing the phenotype of the patient is important to help determine the optimum dosage of the drug.
How it works
The test analyzes the DNA of a patient to determine the genotype, and prediction of the ph |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%20Kovalevski | Anton Volodymyrovych Kovalevski (; born 9 March 1985 in Kiev) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater. He won medals at the Crystal Skate of Romania, Golden Spin of Zagreb, Ice Challenge, and Ondrej Nepela Memorial, and is a four-time (2006–07, 2009–10) Ukrainian national champion. He decided to take a break from competitive skating after the 2010-11 season.
Programs
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
References
External links
Ukrainian male single skaters
Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters for Ukraine
Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
1985 births
Living people
Figure skaters from Kyiv
Competitors at the 2003 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 2005 Winter Universiade |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola%2068HC08 | The 68HC08 (HC08 in short) is a broad family of 8-bit microcontrollers originally from Motorola Semiconductor, later from Freescale Semiconductor.
HC08's are fully code-compatible with their predecessors, the Motorola 68HC05. Like all Motorola processors that share lineage from the 6800, they use the von Neumann architecture as well as memory-mapped I/O. This family has five CPU registers that are not part of the memory. One 8-bit accumulator A, a 16-bit index register H:X, a 16-bit stack pointer SP, a 16-bit program counter PC, and an 8-bit condition code register CCR. Some instructions refer to the different bytes in the H:X index register independently.
Among the HC08's there are dozens of processor families, each targeted to different embedded applications. Features and capabilities vary widely, from 8 to 64-pin processors, from LIN connectivity to USB 1.1. A typical and general purpose device from the HC08 family of units is the microcontroller M68HC908GP32.
The Freescale RS08 core is a simplified, "reduced-resource" version of the HC08.
The Freescale HCS08 core is the next generation of the same processors.
External links
M68HC08 Family Reference Manual - archive.org
HC08 Processor Families
Helium Open-Source RTOS for HCS08 MCUs
Digital Core Design 68HC08 - HDL IP Core
Win/Linux/DOS-based freeware macro cross-assembler (ASM8)
Example assembly language code written for ASM8
Educational material for the HC08
Motorola microcontrollers
Freescale Semicond |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydromethanopterin | Tetrahydromethanopterin (THMPT, ) is a coenzyme in methanogenesis. It is the carrier of the C1 group as it is reduced to the methyl level, before transferring to the coenzyme M.
Tetrahydrosarcinapterin (THSPT, ) is a modified form of THMPT, wherein a glutamyl group linked to the 2-hydroxyglutaric acid terminus.
THMPT is the main platform for C1 transformations
N-Formylmethanofuran donates the C1 group to the N5 site of the pterin to give the formyl- THMPT. The formyl group subsequently condenses intramolecularly to give methenyl- , which is then reduced to methylene- THMPT. Methylene- MPT is subsequently converted, using coenzyme F420 as the electron source, to methyl- THMPT, catalyzed by F420-dependent methylene-THMPT reductase. Methyl- THMPT is the methyl donor to coenzyme M, a conversion mediated by methyl-THMPT:coenzyme M methyltransferase.
Comparison with tetrahydrofolic acid
THMPT is related to the better known tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA, ). The most important difference between THMPT and THFA is that THFA has an electron-withdrawing carbonyl group on the phenyl ring. As a consequence, methenyl- THMPT is more difficult to reduce than methenyl- THFA. Reduction is effected by a so-called iron-sulfur cluster free hydrogenase. The cumbersome name distinguishes this hydrogenase from the so-called Fe-only hydrogenases that do contain Fe-S cluster.
References
Coenzymes
Pteridines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme%20M | Coenzyme M is a coenzyme required for methyl-transfer reactions in the metabolism of archaeal methanogens, and in the metabolism of other substrates in bacteria. It is also a necessary cofactor in the metabolic pathway of alkene-oxidizing bacteria. CoM helps eliminate the toxic epoxides formed from the oxidation of alkenes such as propylene. The structure of this coenzyme was discovered by CD Taylor and RS Wolfe in 1974 while they were studying methanogenesis, the process by which carbon dioxide is transformed into methane in some anaerobic bacteria. The coenzyme is an anion with the formula . It is named 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate and abbreviated HS–CoM. The cation is unimportant, but the sodium salt is most available. Mercaptoethanesulfonate contains both a thiol, which is the main site of reactivity, and a sulfonate group, which confers solubility in aqueous media.
Biochemical role
Methanogenesis
The coenzyme is the C1 donor in methanogenesis. It is converted to methyl-coenzyme M thioether, the thioether , in the penultimate step to methane formation. Methyl-coenzyme M reacts with coenzyme B, 7-thioheptanoylthreoninephosphate, to give a heterodisulfide, releasing methane:
CH3–S–CoM + HS–CoB → CH4 + CoB–S–S–CoM
This induction is catalyzed by the enzyme methyl-coenzyme M reductase, which restricts cofactor F430 as the prosthetic group.
Alkene metabolism
Coenzyme M is also used to make acetoacetate from CO2 and propylene or ethylene in aerobic bacteria. Specifically |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme%20B | Coenzyme B is a coenzyme required for redox reactions in methanogens. The full chemical name of coenzyme B is 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreoninephosphate. The molecule contains a thiol, which is its principal site of reaction.
Coenzyme B reacts with 2-methylthioethanesulfonate (methyl-Coenzyme M, abbreviated ), to release methane in methanogenesis:
+ HS–CoB → + CoB–S–S–CoM
This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase, which contains cofactor F430 as the prosthetic group.
A related conversion that utilizes both HS-CoB and HS-CoM is the reduction of fumarate to succinate, catalyzed by fumarate reductase:
HS–CoM + HS–CoB + − → − + CoB–S–S–CoM
Importance of Coenzyme B in Methanogenesis
Coenzyme B is an important component in the terminal step of methane biogenesis. It acts as a two electron-donor to reduce coenzyme M (methyl-coenzyme) into two molecules a methane and a heterodisulfide. Two separate experiment that were performed, one with coenzyme B and other without coenzyme B, indicated that using coenzyme B before the formation of the methane molecule, results in a more efficient and consistent bond cleavage.
References
Coenzymes
Thiols
Carboxamides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence%20in%20measure | Convergence in measure is either of two distinct mathematical concepts both of which generalize
the concept of convergence in probability.
Definitions
Let be measurable functions on a measure space . The sequence is said to converge globally in measure to if for every ,
,
and to converge locally in measure to if for every and every with
,
.
On a finite measure space, both notions are equivalent. Otherwise, convergence in measure can refer to either global convergence in measure or local convergence in measure, depending on the author.
Properties
Throughout, f and fn (n N) are measurable functions X → R.
Global convergence in measure implies local convergence in measure. The converse, however, is false; i.e., local convergence in measure is strictly weaker than global convergence in measure, in general.
If, however, or, more generally, if f and all the fn vanish outside some set of finite measure, then the distinction between local and global convergence in measure disappears.
If μ is σ-finite and (fn) converges (locally or globally) to f in measure, there is a subsequence converging to f almost everywhere. The assumption of σ-finiteness is not necessary in the case of global convergence in measure.
If μ is σ-finite, (fn) converges to f locally in measure if and only if every subsequence has in turn a subsequence that converges to f almost everywhere.
In particular, if (fn) converges to f almost everywhere, then (fn) converges to f locally in measure. Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula | Copula may refer to:
Copula (linguistics), a word used to link subject and predicate
Copula (music), a type of polyphonic texture similar to organum
Copula (probability theory), a function linking marginal variables into a multivariate distribution
Copula (cnidarian), a genus of box jellyfish
Beatmania IIDX 23: Copula, a video game
See also
Copula linguae, an embryonic structure of the tongue
Copulas in signal processing
Copulation (zoology)
Cupola, an architectural term
Cupola furnace, a foundry device
Cupula (disambiguation)
Cupule (disambiguation)
Indo-European copula
Romance copula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lango%20language%20%28South%20Sudan%29 | Lango (or Langgo) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by an estimated 38,000 people in South Sudan.
Classification
Lango/Lokwa is listed as a member of the Eastern Nilotic branch of Nilotic, in the Eastern Sudanic sub-grouping of Nilo-Saharan. Within Eastern Nilotic, Lango/Lokwa is considered part of the Lotuko language group, in the Lotuko-Maa branch of Teso-Lotuko-Maa (also referred to as the non-Bari languages). Other members of the Lotuko language group include Lotuko, Lopit, Dongotono and Lokoya, all spoken in nearby regions of in South Sudan.
There has been virtually no description of the Lango language, and its relationship to other languages in the Lotuko cluster is unclear, as are the relationships between different dialects of Lango. Lokwa dialects is not listed in the Ethnologue. However, it is also noted that "It is uncertain whether or not the Lokwa dialect is separate language".
Geographic distribution
The Lango language is spoken by the Lango people, who live in mountainous areas of Ikotos County in Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan. According to the Ethnologue, the Lorwama variety is spoken in Losite payam, Lofos and Lotome; the Logir variety is spoken in Ikotos and Lomohidong payams, Kidepo and Ludwera; the Logire (Imatong) variety is spoken in Ikotos payam between Ikotos and Chukudum; the Lokwaa variety is spoken in Kikire and Ikotos, and the Ketebo variety is spoken in Losite payam, Bira.
Grammar
Limited data is available on the Lango language, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment%20transport | Sediment transport is the movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained. Sediment transport occurs in natural systems where the particles are clastic rocks (sand, gravel, boulders, etc.), mud, or clay; the fluid is air, water, or ice; and the force of gravity acts to move the particles along the sloping surface on which they are resting. Sediment transport due to fluid motion occurs in rivers, oceans, lakes, seas, and other bodies of water due to currents and tides. Transport is also caused by glaciers as they flow, and on terrestrial surfaces under the influence of wind. Sediment transport due only to gravity can occur on sloping surfaces in general, including hillslopes, scarps, cliffs, and the continental shelf—continental slope boundary.
Sediment transport is important in the fields of sedimentary geology, geomorphology, civil engineering, hydraulic engineering and environmental engineering (see applications, below). Knowledge of sediment transport is most often used to determine whether erosion or deposition will occur, the magnitude of this erosion or deposition, and the time and distance over which it will occur.
Mechanisms
Aeolian
Aeolian or eolian (depending on the parsing of æ) is the term for sediment transport by wind. This process results in the formation of ripples and sand dunes. Typically, the size of the transported sediment is fine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidome |
The lipidome refers to the totality of lipids in cells. Lipids are one of the four major molecular components of biological organisms, along with proteins, sugars and nucleic acids. Lipidome is a term coined in the context of omics in modern biology, within the field of lipidomics. It can be studied using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics as well as traditional lab-based methods. The lipidome of a cell can be subdivided into the membrane-lipidome and mediator-lipidome.
The first cell lipidome to be published was that of a mouse macrophage in 2010. The lipidome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been characterised with an estimated 95% coverage; studies of the human lipidome are ongoing. For example, the human plasma lipidome consist of almost 600 distinct molecular species. Research suggests that the lipidome of an individual may be able to indicate cancer risks associated with dietary fats, particularly breast cancer.
See also
Genome
Proteome
Glycome
References
Further reading
External links
Lipidomics gateway
Lipids
Membrane biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORFeome | In, molecular genetics, an ORFeome refers to the complete set of open reading frames (ORFs) in a genome. The term may also be used to describe a set of cloned ORFs. ORFs correspond to the protein coding sequences (CDS) of genes. ORFs can be found in genome sequences by computer programs such as GENSCAN and then amplified by PCR. While this is relatively trivial in bacteria the problem is non-trivial in eukaryotic genomes because of the presence of introns and exons as well as splice variants.
Use in research
The usage of complete ORFeomes reflects a new trend in biology that can be succinctly summarized as omics. ORFeomes are used for the study of protein-protein interactions, protein microarrays, the study of antigens, and other fields of study.
Cloned ORFeomes
Complete ORF sets have been cloned for a number of organisms including Brucella melitensis,
Chlamydia pneumoniae,
Escherichia coli,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Staphylococcus aureus
and human herpesviruses
A partial human ORFeome has also been produced.
References
Molecular genetics
Genomics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechome | Speechome in linguistics is different from other common biological -omes such as genome, proteome, and expressome in that it is not biological. However, speechome reflects the omics trend in biology and science in general.
The totality of human speech components such as phoneme which is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language.
Academic researchers in speech and hearing science and machine-produced speech from Massachusetts, according to a CNN news story from March 2011, used complex recording devices and microphones to record every aspect of the evolution of their son's speech over the time span of three years; with the use of complex algorithms this enabled them to trace the development and context of individual words and phrases across that time.
See also
Human Speechome Project
References
Linguistic units |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20G%C3%A5rding | Lars Gårding (7 March 1919 – 7 July 2014) was a Swedish mathematician. He made notable contributions to the study of partial differential equations and partial differential operators. He was a professor of mathematics at Lund University in Sweden 1952–1984. Together with Marcel Riesz, he was a thesis advisor for Lars Hörmander.
Biography
Gårding was born in Hedemora, Sweden but grew up in Motala, where his father was an engineer at the plant. He began to study mathematics in Lund in 1937 with the first intention of becoming an actuary.
His doctorate thesis, which was written under supervision of Marcel Riesz, was first on group representations in 1944, but in the following years he changed his research focus to the theory of partial differential equations. He held the professorship of mathematics at Lund University from 1952 until retirement in 1984.
His interest was not limited to mathematics, but also in art, literature and music. He played the violin and the piano. Further, he published a book on bird songs and calls in 1987, a result of his interest in bird watching.
Gårding was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1953.
Gårding died on 7 July 2014, aged 95.
Selected works
Books
1977. Encounter with Mathematics, 1st Edition.
2013. Encounter with Mathematics, softcover reprint of the 1st 1977 edition. Springer
Articles
References
External links
1919 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Swedish mathematicians
People connected to Lund Universi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement%20field%20%28mechanics%29 | In mechanics, a displacement field is the assignment of displacement vectors for all points in a region or body that are displaced from one state to another. A displacement vector specifies the position of a point or a particle in reference to an origin or to a previous position. For example, a displacement field may be used to describe the effects of deformation on a solid body.
Formulation
Before considering displacement, the state before deformation must be defined. It is a state in which the coordinates of all points are known and described by the function:
where
is a placement vector
are all the points of the body
are all the points in the space in which the body is present
Most often it is a state of the body in which no forces are applied.
Then given any other state of this body in which coordinates of all its points are described as the displacement field is the difference between two body states:
where is a displacement field, which for each point of the body specifies a displacement vector.
Decomposition
The displacement of a body has two components: a rigid-body displacement and a deformation.
A rigid-body displacement consists of a simultaneous translation and rotation of the body without changing its shape or size.
Deformation implies the change in shape and/or size of the body from an initial or undeformed configuration to a current or deformed configuration (Figure 1).
A change in the configuration of a continuum body can be described by a disp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Crystal%20Palace | New York Crystal Palace was an exhibition building constructed for the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City in 1853, which was under the presidency of the mayor Jacob Aaron Westervelt. The building stood on a site behind the Croton Distributing Reservoir in what is now Bryant Park.
Use in the exhibition
New York City's 1853 Exhibition was held on a site behind the Croton Distributing Reservoir, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues on 42nd Street, in what is today Bryant Park in the borough of Manhattan. The New York Crystal Palace was designed by Georg Carstensen and German architect Charles Gildemeister, and was directly inspired by The Crystal Palace built in London's Hyde Park to house The Great Exhibition of 1851. The New York Crystal Palace had the shape of a Greek cross, and was crowned by a dome in diameter. Like the Crystal Palace of London, it was constructed from iron and glass. Construction was handled by engineer Christian Edward Detmold. Horatio Allen was the consulting engineer, and Edmund Hurry the consulting architect.
President Franklin Pierce spoke at the dedication on July 14, 1853. Theodore Sedgwick was the first president of the Crystal Palace Association. After a year, he was succeeded by Phineas T. Barnum who put together a reinauguration in May 1854 when Henry Ward Beecher and Elihu Burritt were the featured orators. This revived interest in the Palace, but by the end of 1856 it was a dead property.
Elisha Otis demonstrated the sa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoav%20Freund |
Yoav Freund (; born 1961) is an Israeli professor of computer science at the University of California San Diego who mainly works on machine learning, probability theory and related fields and applications.
He is best known for his work on the AdaBoost algorithm, an ensemble learning algorithm which is used to combine many "weak" learning machines to create a more robust one. He and Robert Schapire received the Gödel prize in 2003 for their joint work on AdaBoost.
He is an alumnus of the prestigious Talpiot program of the Israeli army.
Selected works
References
External links
Freund's homepage at UCSD
Living people
American computer scientists
Gödel Prize laureates
University of California, San Diego faculty
University of California, Santa Cruz alumni
1961 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDDG | KDDG (105.5 FM, "BOB-FM") is a commercial radio station in St. Cloud, Minnesota, airing a classic country music format. The station is owned by Lucas Carpenter, through licensee Crystal Media Group, LLC, along with sister station KASM.
History
In March 2006, KDDG changed from oldies as "Fun Lovin 105.5" to a country format, simulcasting KLCI 106.1 "Bob 106", in Elk River, Minnesota. The station previously aired a satellite-fed Alternative Rock format as "105.5 The Edge."
The KDDG call sign was previously used for KRBI-FM in Mankato, Minnesota.
Former logo
External links
Radio stations in St. Cloud, Minnesota
Classic country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2006 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarate%20reductase | Fumarate reductase is the enzyme that converts fumarate to succinate, and is important in microbial metabolism as a part of anaerobic respiration. The catalyzed reaction is:
succinate + acceptor <=> fumarate + reduced acceptor
Fumarate reductases can be divided into two classes depending on the electron acceptor:
Fumarate reductase (NADH) ()
The enzyme is monomeric and soluble, and can reduce fumarate independently from the electron transport chain. Fumarate reductase is absent from all mammalian cells.
Fumarate reductase (quinol) ()
The membrane-bound enzyme covalently linked to flavin cofactors, which is composed of 3 or 4 subunits, transfers electrons from a quinol to fumarate. This class of enzyme is thus involved in the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
References
External links
EC 1.3 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e%20Baud | The Musée Baud is a music-box museum in the Swiss village of L'Auberson in the Jura Mountains in the canton of Vaud.
The museum houses one of the largest collections of music boxes, automatons, musical clocks, and gramophones. It includes unusual examples of singing birds and animated figures.
History
The three Baud brothers were raised in a half-country, half-craft environment, Frédy born in 1915, Robert in 1917 and Auguste in 1924. They joined forces in 1946 and continued to run the small estate until 1956 and to restore the old music rooms.
On October 2, 1955, an old dream became reality with the opening of the museum. The current owners took over in 1995 and prevented the heritage from being dispersed around the world four decades later.
See also
List of music museums
References
External links
Official site
Museums in the canton of Vaud
Music museums in Switzerland
Musical instrument museums
Amusement museums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS-VDSL | The Full Service-VDSL Committee (FS-VDSL) was founded in July 2000 with the aim of rapidly specifying a low cost, high capability end-to-end multi-service network based on VDSL Frequency Band Plan 998 which can be quickly and economically deployed to enable customers, focusing principally on consumer market, to benefit from competition. It was a non-profit international organization based in Switzerland.
FS-VDSL was closed, according to its statutes, after 3 years of activity. Its specifications, downstreamed to ITU-T Study Group 16 became international standards as Recommendations H.610 and H.611.
At closing time, FS-VDSL was composed of 106 members, including Telcos, Telecommunication manufacturers, chip manufacturers, service providers.
Specifications
The FS-VDSL Specifications are composed of 5 parts :
Operator Requirements Specification (Defining services requirements and infrastructure deployment issues. Protecting digital content is also addressed.)
Architecture (SA) Specification (Defining end-to-end platform architecture and protocols)
Customer Premises Equipment Specification - CPE - (Defining customer equipment configurations and connectivity functions.)
Physical Layer Specification for Interoperable VDSL Systems (Promoting VDSL transceiver interoperability)
Operations, Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning Specification (Defining the operational aspects for economic deployment of VDSL platforms)
FS-VDSL and ITU-T
The Full Service VDSL Specifications were p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trygve%20Nygaard | Trygve Nygaard (born 19 August 1975) is a retired Norwegian footballer.
External links
100% Fotball (Norwegian Premier League statistics)
nifs.no Profile
1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Haugesund
Footballers from Rogaland
FK Haugesund players
Viking FK players
Norwegian men's footballers
SK Vard Haugesund players
Eliteserien players
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabellaria | Tabellaria is a genus of freshwater diatoms (Bacillariophyta). They are cuboid in shape, and the frustules (siliceous cell walls) are attached at the corners so that the colonies assume a zigzag shape.
Further reading
References
External links
Protist Images Database:Tabellaria - Micrographs of Tabellaria species, but with only T. fenestrata identified to the species level
- Tabellaria at algaebase.org
Diatom genera
Fragilariophyceae
Cuboids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%20or%20Die%20%28film%29 | March or Die is a 1977 British war drama film directed by Dick Richards and starring Gene Hackman, Terence Hill, Catherine Deneuve, Max von Sydow and Sir Ian Holm.
The film celebrates the 1920s French Foreign Legion. Foreign Legion Major Foster (Hackman), a war-weary American haunted by his memories of the recently ended Great War, is assigned to protect a group of archaeologists at a dig site in Erfoud in Morocco from Bedouin revolutionaries led by El-Krim (based on Moroccan revolutionary Abd el-Krim).
The song "Plaisir d'amour", a tune about lost love and regret, is played repeatedly throughout the story as the film's theme song.
Plot
Soon after the Great War, Major William Foster (Gene Hackman), an American commander in the French Foreign Legion, suffers the haunting memories of leading an army of more than 8,000 men and watching them slowly get whittled down to just 200. He has become an alcoholic as a result, and his only friend is his faithful Sergeant, Triand (Rufus).
Foster arrives in Paris to assume a new command: taking the Legion to Rif in Morocco to re-establish French authority, as the Bedouin and Berber tribes have begun to revolt against French rule. Foster is also ordered to escort archaeologists from the Louvre, who are uncovering an ancient city near Erfoud, buried by a sandstorm 3,000 years ago. The site is the final resting place of a Berber saint known to the French as "The Angel of the Desert". Foster was specifically chosen for the assignment as he |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace%20class%20%28United%20States%29 | The United States airspace system's classification scheme is intended to maximize pilot flexibility within acceptable levels of risk appropriate to the type of operation and traffic density within that class of airspace – in particular to provide separation and active control in areas of dense or high-speed flight operations.
The Albert Roper (1919-10-13 The Paris Convention) implementation of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) airspace classes defines classes A through G (with the exception of class F which is not used in the United States). The other U.S. implementations are described below. The United States also defines categories of airspace that may overlap with classes of airspace. Classes of airspace are mutually exclusive. Thus, airspace can be "class E" and "restricted" at the same time, but it cannot be both "class E" and "class B" at the same location and at the same time.
Note: All airspace classes except class G require air traffic control (ATC) clearance for instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.
Airspace classes
In the U.S., airspace is categorized as regulatory and non-regulatory. Within these categories exist: controlled (classes A, B, C, D, and E) and uncontrolled (class G) airspace, based on which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights and some VFR flights. Class F is not used in the U.S. Besides controlled and uncontrolled airspace, other types of airspace include "special use" and "other airspace".
Class A
Class A a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine-protein%20kinase%20SYK | Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK, also known as spleen tyrosine kinase, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the SYK gene.
Function
SYK, along with ZAP70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases. These cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinases share a characteristic dual SH2 domain separated by a linker domain. However, activation of SYK relies less on phosphorylation by Src family kinases than ZAP70. SYK and ZAP70 share a common evolutionary origin and split from a common ancestor in the jawed vertebrates.
While Syk and ZAP70 are primarily expressed in hematopoietic tissues, a variety of tissues express Syk. Within B and T cells, respectively, Syk and ZAP70 transmit signals from the B-cell receptor and T-cell receptor. Syk plays a similar role in transmitting signals from a variety of cell surface receptors including CD74, Fc receptor, and integrins.
Function during development
Mice that lack Syk completely (Syk−/−, Syk-knockout) die during embryonic development around midgestation. They show severe defects in the development of the lymphatic system. Normally, the lymphatic system and the blood system are strictly separated from each other. However, in Syk deficient mice the lymphatics and the blood vessels form abnormal shunts, leading to leakage of blood into the lymphatic system. The reason for this phenotype was identified by a genetic fate mapping approach, showing that Syk is expressed in myeloid cells which orchestrate the proper separation of lympha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fantastic%20Expedition%20of%20Dillard%20%26%20Clark | The Fantastic Expedition of Dillard & Clark is a country rock album by Dillard & Clark. The album was recorded in 1968, shortly after Gene Clark departed the Byrds for the second time, and Doug Dillard left the Dillards. The album is hailed by critics and musicians as a unique masterpiece at the intersection of country rock and Americana.
Background
Clark's debut solo album, Gene Clark with the Gosdin Brothers, had been a commercial failure. After the dismissal of David Crosby from the Byrds, Clark had rejoined his previous band, but after performing only three shows, he left the tour due to his anxieties and fear of flying. He then signed with A&M Records and began sessions for his debut album on his new label with instrumentalist Douglas Dillard. Bernie Leadon co-wrote six of the songs and also performed on the album. Due to Clark's refusal to tour, a short series of shows at The Troubadour in L.A. was the only promotion for the album and, as a result, it too was a commercial failure.
Reception
Music critic Matthew Greenwald, writing for Allmusic, called the album "perhaps [Clark's] most brilliant recording... Graceful, spellbinding, and tasteful all at the same time. Absolutely essential."
Track listing
Side One:
"Out on the Side" (Gene Clark) – 3:49
"She Darked the Sun" (Clark, Bernie Leadon) – 3:10
"Don't Come Rollin'" (Clark, Doug Dillard, Leadon) – 2:54
"Train Leaves Here This Morning" (Clark, Leadon) – 3:49
Side Two:
"With Care from Someone" (Clark, Dillard, Leado |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafel%20equation | The Tafel equation is an equation in electrochemical kinetics relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential. The Tafel equation was first deduced experimentally and was later shown to have a theoretical justification. The equation is named after Swiss chemist Julius Tafel." It describes how the electrical current through an electrode depends on the voltage difference between the electrode and the bulk electrolyte for a simple, unimolecular redox reaction ".
Where an electrochemical reaction occurs in two half reactions on separate electrodes, the Tafel equation is applied to each electrode separately. On a single electrode the Tafel equation can be stated as:
where
the plus sign under the exponent refers to an anodic reaction, and a minus sign to a cathodic reaction,
: overpotential, V
: "Tafel slope", V
: current density, A/m2
: "exchange current density", A/m2.
A verification plus further explanation for this equation can be found here. The Tafel equation is an approximation of the Butler-Volmer equation in the case of . "[ The Tafel equation ] assumes that the concentrations at the electrode are practically equal to the concentrations in the bulk electrolyte, allowing the current to be expressed as a function of potential only. In other words, it assumes that the electrode mass transfer rate is much greater than the reaction rate, and that the reaction is dominated by the slower chemical reaction rate ". Also, at a given electrode the Ta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%208000 | The IBM 8000 series was a proposed transistor-based successor to the IBM 7000 series. Important engineers on the project included Fred Brooks and Gerry Blaauw. The project plan for the 8000 series was presented by Fred Brooks in January 1961. Despite some technical successes, the project became a political football, amid IBM's search for a unified product line. The project was canceled in 1961 by Bob Evans, supplanted by the successful System/360 series.
The 8000 project may have seen the first use of the term "architecture" in relation to computers.
Problems
Pugh cites a number of reasons for the cancellation of the 8000 line.
Because more integrated technology was not yet available the system was to have been built using discrete transistor (SMS) components.
The proposed systems would have been incompatible with IBM's existing successful 1400 series systems.
The proposed instruction set was too complex.
The systems offered inadequate floating point performance, bolstered only by add-on processors.
8000 components
Unlike System/360, which offered a series of processors with a common architecture, the 8000 was designed with a single main processor to which external components could be added to increase performance.
The components identified were:
8103 Processor
8104 Processor
8106 Processor
8108 High Speed Floating Point Unit
8112 High Speed Floating Point Unit
8103
The 8103 was proposed as a low-end processor "to relieve the larger systems of the series from t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillard%20%26%20Clark | Dillard & Clark was a country rock duo which featured ex-Byrds member Gene Clark and bluegrass banjo player Doug Dillard.
History
The group was formed in 1968, shortly after Clark departed the Byrds and Dillard left the Dillards. It was considered part of the Southern California country-rock scene in the late 1960s, along with Poco, the Flying Burrito Brothers, Linda Ronstadt, Michael Nesmith and the First National Band, Rick Nelson & The Stone Canyon Band, and the latter-day Byrds.
Its first album The Fantastic Expedition of Dillard & Clark was released in 1968 on A&M. Recording personnel included Clark (lead vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica), Dillard (banjo, fiddle, guitar), Bernie Leadon (vocals, lead guitar, bass, banjo), David Jackson (bass), Don Beck (mandolin, resonator guitar), with guests Chris Hillman (mandolin), Byron Berline (fiddle), and Andy Belling (harpsichord). Most of the songs were written by Clark, Dillard, and Leadon. Drummer Michael Clarke assisted with a few early live performances.
The album is praised by connoisseurs for its iconic quality and innovative character, at the intersection of country rock and americana.
The band's only other album, Through the Morning, Through the Night, was released in 1969. Donna Washburn (guitar, vocals) joined the group, and Bernie Leadon departed to co-found the Eagles (in 1971). The new lineup included Clark, Dillard, Washburn (guitar/vocals), Berline, Jackson, and Jon Corneal (drums). Leadon, Hillman, and Snea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Connell | Albert Gene Anthony Connell (born May 13, 1974) is a former American football wide receiver who played for the Washington Redskins and the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League, and for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League.
College career
He played college football at Trinity Valley Community College in Athens, Texas for two years, and was a member of the 1994 Junior College National Championship team. He was teammates with Al Harris of the Packers, Matt Bryant of the Buccaneers, coach Frank Induisi of St Thomas Aquinas High School, and coach Mark Sartain of East Texas Baptist University. He then went on to play two years at Texas A&M University. In the Aggies' game against Colorado on September 28, 1996, he had 18 receptions.
Professional career
Connell was drafted in the fourth round of the 1997 NFL Draft, the 115th overall pick. The 6'2", 190-pound receiver played in five games in his first season with the Washington Redskins. He had nine receptions for 138 yards and two touchdowns. In 1998, he played in fourteen games and had 28 receptions for 451 yards and two touchdowns. In 1999, he played in fifteen games and had 62 receptions for 1,132 yards and a career-high seven touchdowns. In 2000, he played in 13 games and had 39 receptions for 762 yards and three touchdowns.
In the spring of 2001, the New Orleans Saints signed him to a five-year, $13 million contract that included a $2.5 million signing bonus. In 2001, he played 12 game |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MODELLER | Modeller, often stylized as MODELLER, is a computer program used for homology modeling to produce models of protein tertiary structures and quaternary structures (rarer). It implements a method inspired by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (protein NMR), termed satisfaction of spatial restraints, by which a set of geometrical criteria are used to create a probability density function for the location of each atom in the protein. The method relies on an input sequence alignment between the target amino acid sequence to be modeled and a template protein which structure has been solved.
The program also incorporates limited functions for ab initio structure prediction of loop regions of proteins, which are often highly variable even among homologous proteins and thus difficult to predict by homology modeling.
Modeller was originally written and is currently maintained by Andrej Sali at the University of California, San Francisco. It runs on the operating systems Unix, Linux, macOS, and Windows. It is freeware for academic use. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and commercial versions are distributed by Accelrys. The ModWeb comparative protein structure modeling webserver is based on Modeller and other tools for automatic protein structure modeling, with an option to deposit the resulting models into ModBase. Due to Modeller's popularity, several third party GUIs for MODELLER are available:
EasyModeller is freeware and is one of the earliest third party GUIs f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixmaster%20universe | The Mixmaster universe (named after Sunbeam Mixmaster, a brand of Sunbeam Products electric kitchen mixer) is a solution to Einstein field equations of general relativity studied by Charles Misner in an effort to better understand the dynamics of the early universe. He hoped to solve the horizon problem in a natural way by showing that the early universe underwent an oscillatory, chaotic epoch.
Discussion
The model is similar to the closed Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe, in that spatial slices are positively curved and are topologically three-spheres . However, in the FRW universe, the can only expand or contract: the only dynamical parameter is overall size of the , parameterized by the scale factor . In the Mixmaster universe, the can expand or contract, but also distort anisotropically. Its evolution is described by a scale factor as well as by two shape parameters . Values of the shape parameters describe distortions of the that preserve its volume and also maintain a constant Ricci curvature scalar. Therefore, as the three parameters assume different values, homogeneity but not isotropy is preserved.
The model has a rich dynamical structure. Misner showed that the shape parameters act like the coordinates of a point mass moving in a triangular potential with steeply rising walls with friction. By studying the motion of this point, Misner showed that the physical universe would expand in some directions and contract in others, with the directions of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFAP | AFAP may refer to:
Actin filament-associated protein
Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis
Australian Federation of Air Pilots
Internet slang for as far as possible
Artillery fired atomic projectile, a type of tactical nuclear weapon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paterius | Paterius (died 606) was a bishop of Brescia. He is known as a compiler, in particular of works of Pope Gregory I, for whom he had worked as a notary.
His sole surviving work is the Liber testimoniorum veteris testamenti, an anthology of Gregory's works of biblical exegesis, arranged in the order of the biblical passages discussed. The work survives in over 120 complete or partial manuscripts.
Notes
References
6th-century births
606 deaths
Bishops of Brescia
6th-century historians
7th-century Italian bishops
6th-century writers in Latin
6th-century Italian writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindel%C3%B6f%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Lindelöf's theorem is a result in complex analysis named after the Finnish mathematician Ernst Leonard Lindelöf. It states that a holomorphic function on a half-strip in the complex plane that is bounded on the boundary of the strip and does not grow "too fast" in the unbounded direction of the strip must remain bounded on the whole strip. The result is useful in the study of the Riemann zeta function, and is a special case of the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle. Also, see Hadamard three-lines theorem.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a half-strip in the complex plane:
Suppose that is holomorphic (i.e. analytic) on and that there are constants
, , and such that
and
Then is bounded by on all of :
Proof
Fix a point inside . Choose , an integer and large enough such that
. Applying maximum modulus principle to the function and
the rectangular area we obtain , that is, . Letting yields
as required.
References
Theorems in complex analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymers%20%26%20Cell | Biopolymers and Cell (Biopolym. Cell) is a scientific journal issued by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU.
It was established in January 1985, and its ISSN numbers are for the print version and for the online version.
The journal publishes original contributions in molecular biology and related areas:
Structure and function of biopolymers in different cells at different conditions;
Genome regulation;
Molecular mechanisms of differentiation;
Oncogenesis;
Cell-virus interaction;
Biotechnology;
Bioorganic chemistry;
Drug design;
Biology of peptides, nucleoside derivatives and modified oligonucleotides
Biopolym. Cell is issued bimonthly, with one volume per year. All articles have digital object identifiers (DOI).
The format of Biopolym. Cell corresponds to international standards. The journal provides rapid free open access to publications.
Since 2014 the articles are published in English.
Biopolymers and Cell is indexed and/or abstracted in: Scopus, SJR, Index Copernicus, BIOSIS Previews, elibrary.ru, Medical Journal Links, referative journals "Dzherelo" (Ukraine) and VINITI Database RAS, EBSCO, HINARI, Russian index of scientific citations. This journal has been included in the HAC of Ukraine (Higher Attestation (Certification) Commission) list according to following subjects (topics): biology, chemistry
Editor-in-chief:
Prof. Gennady Kh. Matsuka, the founder of Biopolymers and Cell was a di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Design%20of%20an%20Optimizing%20Compiler | The Design of an Optimizing Compiler (Elsevier Science Ltd, 1980, ), by William Wulf, Richard K. Johnson, Charles B. Weinstock, Steven O. Hobbs, and Charles M. Geschke, was published in 1975 by Elsevier. It describes the BLISS optimizing compiler for the PDP-11, written at Carnegie Mellon University in the early 1970s. The compiler ran on a PDP-10 and was one of the first to produce well-optimized code for a minicomputer. Because of its elegant design and the quality of the generated code, the compiler and book remain classics in the compiler field.
Although the original book has been out of print for many years, a print on demand version remains available from University Microfilms International.
Reception
Software: Practice and Experience said compiling experts would benefit the most with The Design of an Optimizing Compiler.
References
External links
The Design of an Optimizing Compiler - Online version at CMU
Computer programming books
Compilers
1975 non-fiction books
Elsevier books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry%20element | In chemistry and crystallography, a symmetry element is a point, line, or plane about which symmetry operations can take place. In particular, a symmetry element can be a mirror plane, an axis of rotation (either proper and improper), or a center of inversion. For an object such as a molecule or a crystal, a symmetry element corresponds to a set of symmetry operations, which are the rigid transformations employing the symmetry element that leave the object unchanged. The set containing these operations form one of the symmetry groups of the object. The elements of this symmetry group should not be confused with the "symmetry element" itself. Loosely, a symmetry element is the geometric set of fixed points of a symmetry operation. For example, for rotation about an axis, the points on the axis do not move and in a reflection the points that remain unchanged make up a plane of symmetry.
Identity
The identity symmetry element is found in all objects and is denoted E. It corresponds to an operation of doing nothing to the object. Because every molecule is indistinguishable from itself if nothing is done to it, every object possesses at least the identity element. An object having no symmetry elements other than E is called asymmetric. Such an object is necessarily chiral.
Mirror planes
Mirror planes are denoted by σ. In a molecule that also has an axis of symmetry, a mirror plane that includes the axis is called a vertical mirror plane and is labeled σ , while one perpendicul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20knapsack%20problem | In theoretical computer science, the continuous knapsack problem (also known as the fractional knapsack problem) is an algorithmic problem in combinatorial optimization in which the goal is to fill a container (the "knapsack") with fractional amounts of different materials chosen to maximize the value of the selected materials. It resembles the classic knapsack problem, in which the items to be placed in the container are indivisible; however, the continuous knapsack problem may be solved in polynomial time whereas the classic knapsack problem is NP-hard. It is a classic example of how a seemingly small change in the formulation of a problem can have a large impact on its computational complexity.
Problem definition
An instance of either the continuous or classic knapsack problems may be specified by the numerical capacity of the knapsack, together with a collection of materials, each of which has two numbers associated with it: the weight of material that is available to be selected and the total value of that material. The goal is to choose an amount of each material, subject to the capacity constraint
and maximizing the total benefit
In the classic knapsack problem, each of the amounts must be either zero or ; the continuous knapsack problem differs by allowing to range continuously from zero to .
Some formulations of this problem rescale the variables to be in the range from 0 to 1. In this case the capacity constraint becomes
and the goal is to maximize the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Jaco | William "Bus" H. Jaco (born July 14, 1940 in Grafton, West Virginia) is an American mathematician who is known for his role in the Jaco–Shalen–Johannson decomposition theorem and efficient triangulations of 3-manifolds. He retired from Oklahoma State University in 2021 as Regents Professor Emeritus and appointed Adjunct Professor at Rice University in 2021.
Education and career
Jaco received a B.A from the Fairmont State College and an M.A. from Pennsylvania State University. He completed his Ph.D. in 1968 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
He held faculty positions at the University of Michigan and Rice University before joining the faculty at Oklahoma State University as Head of the Mathematics Dept. from 1982–87 and again served as head from 2011–2018. He has been a member of the Institute for Advanced Study, (IAS) the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), and the American Institute of Mathematics (AIM).
He served as the Executive Director of the American Mathematical Society (AMS), the Chair-elect, Chair, and Retiring Chair of the Mathematics Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as a member of the Advisory Board of the American Institute of Mathematics, as a member of the Board of Mathematical Sciences at the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences, as a member of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics. He was an elected member of the Board of Trustees of the American Mathematical Society serving as the C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotopic%20expression | Allotopic expression (AE) refers to expression of genes in the cell nucleus that normally are expressed only from the mitochondrial genome. Biomedically engineered AE has been suggested as a possible future tool in gene therapy of certain mitochondria-related diseases, however this view is controversial. While this type of expression has been successfully carried out in yeast, the results in mammals have been conflicting.
Evolution
In the cells of extant organisms, the vast majority of the proteins present in the mitochondria are coded for by nuclear DNA. Those genes are thought to have transferred to the eukaryotic nucleus during evolution, suggesting that genes transferred not only survived but are expressed in the cell nucleus.
Use in therapy
In 2014, Gensight Biologics began a clinical program of allotopic expressing the MT-ND4 gene in the nucleus as therapies for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. In 2020, Gensight released Phase III clinical trial results, which showed a notable improvements against the normal progression of the disease but statistical insignificance in all areas. The company suspected the outcome was due to the transferal of viral vector DNA from the treated eye to the untreated eye of each patient, and thus a full control group trial in which the control group have no exposure to the drug may be needed if requested by the Food and Drug Administration.
Gensight plans to initiate pre-clinical studies of allotopic expressing the MT-ND1 gene after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallampati%20score | In anesthesia, the Mallampati score or Mallampati classification, named after the Indian anaesthesiologist Seshagiri Mallampati, is used to predict the ease of endotracheal intubation. The test comprises a visual assessment of the distance from the tongue base to the roof of the mouth, and therefore the amount of space in which there is to work. It is an indirect way of assessing how difficult an intubation will be; this is more definitively scored using the Cormack–Lehane classification system, which describes what is actually seen using direct laryngoscopy during the intubation process itself. A high Mallampati score (class 3 or 4) is associated with more difficult intubation as well as a higher incidence of sleep apnea.
Technique
The score is assessed by asking the patient, in a sitting posture, to open their mouth and to protrude the tongue as much as possible. The anatomy of the oral cavity is visualized; specifically, the assessor notes whether the base of the uvula, faucial pillars (the arches in front of and behind the tonsils) and soft palate are visible. Scoring is generally done without phonation. Depending on whether the tongue is maximally protruded and/or the patient asked to phonate, the scoring may vary.
Modified Mallampati Scoring:
Class I: Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible.
Class II: Soft palate, major part of uvula, fauces visible.
Class III: Soft palate, base of uvula visible.
Class IV: Only hard palate visible.
Original Mallampati Scorin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nash%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Nash's theorem may refer to one of the following:
the Nash embedding theorems in differential geometry
Nash's theorem on the existence of Nash equilibria in game theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20men%27s%20national%20soccer%20team%20records%20and%20statistics | This is a comprehensive list of the United States national soccer team's competitive, individual, team, and head-to-head records.
Individual records
Player records
.
Players in bold are still active for selection for the national team.
Coaching records
Most coaching appearances
Bruce Arena: 148
Team records
Biggest victory
8–0 vs. Barbados, June 15, 2008
Competition records
The U.S. regularly competes at the FIFA World Cup, the CONCACAF Gold Cup, and the Summer Olympics. The U.S. has also played in the FIFA Confederations Cup, Copa América by invitation, as well as several minor tournaments.
The best result for the United States in a World Cup tournament came in 1930 when the team reached the semi-finals. The team was composed of six naturalized internationals, five of them from Scotland and one from England. The best result in the modern era is the 2002 World Cup, when the U.S. reached the quarter-finals. The worst world Cup tournament results in the modern era were group stage eliminations in 1990, 1998, and 2006, although the country failed to even qualify for the final tournament in 2018.
In the Confederations Cup, the United States finished in third place in both 1992 and 1999, and were runner-up in 2009. The United States appeared in their first intercontinental tournament final at the 2009 Confederations Cup. In the semi-finals, the United States upset top ranked Spain 2–0, to advance to the final. In the final, the United States lost 3–2 to Brazil after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOF | GOF may refer to:
Gain-of-function, a property of a genetic mutation that changes the gene product such that its effect gets stronger (enhanced activation) or even is superseded by a different and abnormal function
Galaxy on Fire, a video game series
Gamers Outreach Foundation, an American philanthropic organization
Gamo-Gofa-Dawro language, native to Ethiopia
Gang of Four (disambiguation)
General Operations Force, of the Malaysian police
Golf Street railway station, in Angus, Scotland
Goodness of fit
Grand Orient de France, a Masonic organization in France
Gulf of Finland
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, a 2000 novel by J. K. Rowling
See also
An Gof, a Cornish militant organization |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosh | Dosh or DOSH may refer to:
Mary Lucy Dosh (1839-1861), American Roman Catholic nun and nurse
Dosh (musician) (born 1972), American musician
Dosh (album)
Deoxysarpagine hydroxylase, an enzyme
Kariel Gardosh (1921–2000), Israeli cartoonist and illustrator
Money: a UK slang term
California Occupational Safety and Health Administration, sometimes known as the Division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)
See also
Nirdoshi (disambiguation)
Doshi, an Indian surname |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%20theorem | Poincaré theorem may refer to:
Poincaré conjecture, on homeomorphisms to the sphere;
Poincaré recurrence theorem, on sufficient conditions for recurrence to take place in dynamical systems;
Poincaré-Bendixson theorem, on the existence of attractors for two-dimensional dynamical systems;
Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem, concerning lie algebras and their universal envelopes;
Poincaré lemma. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offense%20efficiency%20rating | In basketball statistics, Offensive Efficiency Rating (OER) is the average number of points scored by a basketball player per shot taken.
This includes missed field goals as well as free throws. The statistic stems from the previously created Player Efficiency Rating (PER). The per-minute rating was created by John Hollinger. Hollinger states, "The PER sums up all a player's positive accomplishments, subtracts the negative accomplishments, and returns a per-minute rating of a player's performance."
References
Basketball terminology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor%20base | In computational number theory, a factor base is a small set of prime numbers commonly used as a mathematical tool in algorithms involving extensive sieving for potential factors of a given integer.
Usage in factoring algorithms
A factor base is a relatively small set of distinct prime numbers P, sometimes together with -1. Say we want to factorize an integer n. We generate, in some way, a large number of integer pairs (x, y) for which , , and can be completely factorized over the chosen factor base—that is, all their prime factors are in P.
In practice, several integers x are found such that has all of its prime factors in the pre-chosen factor base. We represent each expression as a vector of a matrix with integer entries being the exponents of factors in the factor base. Linear combinations of the rows corresponds to multiplication of these expressions. A linear dependence relation mod 2 among the rows leads to a desired congruence . This essentially reformulates the problem into a system of linear equations, which can be solved using numerous methods such as Gaussian elimination; in practice advanced methods like the block Lanczos algorithm are used, that take advantage of certain properties of the system.
This congruence may generate the trivial ; in this case we try to find another suitable congruence. If repeated attempts to factor fail we can try again using a different factor base.
Algorithms
Factor bases are used in, for example, Dixon's factorization, the qu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMDR%20%28AM%29 | WMDR (1340 AM) is an American radio station licensed to Augusta, Maine. It is owned by Light of Life Ministries and carries religious children's programming.
History
The 1340 frequency was previously known as WFAU; in 1994, its call letters and nostalgia format moved to 1280 AM, while 1340 became religious station WMDR. (The 1280 frequency became WJYE in 2014 and WHTP in 2020.) In May 1998, WMDR changed formats to a religious children's format, changing to Southern Gospel in late 2005, with the children's format moving to WMDR-FM. In March 2007, AM 1340 once again flipped formats with its FM counterpart, inheriting the Contemporary Christian format.
In 2009 the children's format was moved to an on demand section of their website and 1340 changed to a Christian-based talk radio station.
Sometime in early 2017, WMDR returned to airing a religious children's format, now branded as "The Arrow".
Translators
In addition to the main station, WMDR is relayed by two FM translators.
External links
Zap on Demand
Moody Radio affiliate stations
Radio stations established in 1946
Companies based in Augusta, Maine
1946 establishments in Maine
MDR (AM) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiocruz%20Genome%20Comparison%20Project | The Fiocruz Genome Comparison Project is a collaborative effort involving Brazil's Oswaldo Cruz Institute and IBM's World Community Grid, designed to produce a database comparing the genes from many genomes with each other using SSEARCH. The program SSEARCH performs a rigorous Smith–Waterman alignment between a protein sequence and another protein sequence, a protein database, a DNA or a DNA library.
The nature of the computation in the project allows it to easily take advantage of volunteer computing. This, along with the likely humanitarian benefits of the research, has led the World Community Grid (a volunteer computing grid that uses idle computer clock time) to run the Fiocruz project. All products are in the public domain by contract with WCG.
Description
The problem is that a very large information body (structural, functional, cross-references, etc.) is attached to protein database entries. Once entered the information is rarely updated or corrected. This annotation of predicted protein function is often incomplete, uses non-standard nomenclature or can be incorrect when cross referenced from previous sometimes incorrectly annotated sequences. Additionally, many proteins composed of several structural and/or functional domains are overlooked by automated systems. The comparative information today is huge when compared to the early days of genomics. A single error is compounded and then made complex.
The Genome Comparison Project performs a complete pairwise compari |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20carrier%20control | Dynamic carrier control (DCC) is a method of reducing power consumption in radio transmitters during periods of low audio activity or silence. It is a type of Modulation-Dependent Carrier Level control, or MDCL. All modern high-power (>50 kW) shortwave radio transmitters incorporate DCC of some kind, as well as some mediumwave (MW) transmitters.
DCC causes the carrier wave level to be automatically reduced when the audio is very weak or no audio is present. During periods of silence (no audio), the carrier power is reduced by 50%, so the 250 kW transmitter is putting out a carrier of 125 kW during audio pauses. This carrier power reduction saves electricity.
History
This amplitude modulation (and vestigial SSB modulation) energy-saving mode was devised in the late 1930s. The system was originally referred to as the Hapsburg Carrier System. DCC was not implemented in transmitter designs until the 1980s, because of some of the complexities of the control circuit.
DCC's development is linked to NATO nations trying to save energy as a result of the ripple effects of OPEC related oil supply crises.
DCC is still an option on all shortwave transmitters sold on the open market today, since it is almost universally mandated by the purchasers of shortwave transmitters.
Eastern European manufacturers of shortwave transmitters tended not to adopt DCC because Russia in particular had no energy crises, due to its abundant supply of oil.
MDCL methods
There are two types of Modulati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM%20broadcasting%20in%20Japan | The frequency modulation radio broadcast band in Japan is 76-95 MHz. The 90-108 MHz section was used for television for VHF channels 1, 2 and 3 until the analog shutdown occurred on July 24, 2011. The narrowness of the Japanese band (19 MHz compared to slightly more than 20 MHz for the CCIR band; until the mid-2010s, it was a 14 MHz band) limits the number of FM stations that can be accommodated on the dial.
In late 2013, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications published a report proposing the expansion of the FM band to 95 MHz; at the time, the Japanese FM band was from 76-90 MHz. Many stations that had been previously only available on the AM band were issued preliminary licenses to broadcast from 90-95 MHz. The first station to go on air in the expanded band was Nankai Broadcasting, which began test broadcasts on 91.7 FM on November 3, 2014.
Receiver issues
Many Japanese radios are designed to be capable of receiving both the Japanese FM band and the CCIR FM band, so that the same model can be sold within Japan or exported. The radio may cover 76 to 108 MHz, the frequency coverage may be selectable by the user, or during assembly the radio may be set to operate on one band by means of a specially-placed diode or other internal component.
Conventional analog-tuned (dial & pointer) radios may be marked with "TV Sound" in the 90-108 section. If these radios were sold in the US, for example, the 76-88 section would be marked TV sound for VHF channels 5 and 6, wi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20income%20in%20the%20United%20States | Personal income is an individual's total earnings from wages, investment interest, and other sources. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported a median weekly personal income of $1,037 for full-time workers in the United States in Q1 2022. For the year 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the median annual earnings for all workers (aged 15 and over) was $41,535; and more specifically estimates that median annual earnings for those who worked full-time, year round, was $56,287.
Income patterns are evident on the basis of age, sex, ethnicity and educational characteristics. In 2005 roughly half of all those with graduate degrees were among the nation's top 15% of income earners. Among different demographics (gender, marital status, ethnicity) for those over the age of 18, median personal income ranged from $3,317 for an unemployed, married Asian American female to $55,935 for a full-time, year-round employed Asian American male. According to the US Census, men tended to have higher income than women, while Asians and Whites earned more than African Americans and Hispanics.
Income statistics
In the United States the most widely cited personal income statistics are the Bureau of Economic Analysis's personal income and the Census Bureau's per capita money income. The two statistics spring from different traditions of measurement—personal income from national economic accounts and money income from household surveys. BEA's statistics relate personal income to measures of p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxase | A relaxase is a single-strand DNA transesterase enzyme produced by some prokaryotes and viruses. Relaxases are responsible for site- and strand-specific nicks in unwound double-stranded DNA . Known relaxases belong to the rolling circle replication (RCR) initiator superfamily of enzymes and fall into two broad classes: replicative (Rep) and mobilization (Mob). The nicks produced by Rep relaxases initiate plasmid or virus RCR. Mob relaxases nick at origin of transfer (oriT) to initiate the process of DNA mobilization and transfer known as bacterial conjugation. Relaxases are so named because the single-stranded DNA nick that they catalyze lead to relaxation of helical tension.
Structure and mechanism
Known relaxases are metal ion dependent tyrosine transesterases. This means that they use a metal ion to aid the transfer of an ester bond from the DNA phosphodiester backbone to a catalytic tyrosine side chain, resulting in a long-lived covalent phosphotyrosine intermediate that essentially unified the nicked DNA strand and the enzyme as one molecule. Preliminary reports of relaxase inhibition by small molecules that mimic intermediates of this reaction were first reported in 2007. Such inhibition has implications related to preventing the propagation of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings.
The first relaxase x-ray crystal and NMR structures – of Rep relaxases from tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and adeno associated virus serotype 5 (AAV-5) – were solved in 2002. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20equation | Language equations are mathematical statements that resemble numerical equations, but the variables assume values of formal languages rather than numbers. Instead of arithmetic operations in numerical equations, the variables are joined by language operations. Among the most common operations on two languages A and B are the set union A ∪ B, the set intersection A ∩ B, and the concatenation A⋅B. Finally, as an operation taking a single operand, the set A* denotes the Kleene star of the language A. Therefore language equations can be used to represent formal grammars, since the languages generated by the grammar must be the solution of a system of language equations.
Language equations and context-free grammars
Ginsburg and Rice
gave an alternative definition of context-free grammars by language equations. To every context-free grammar , is associated a system of equations in variables . Each variable is an unknown language over and is defined by the equation where , ..., are all productions for . Ginsburg and Rice used a fixed-point iteration argument to show that a solution always exists, and proved that i.e. any other solution must be a of this one.
For example, the grammar
corresponds to the equation system
which has as solution every superset of .
Language equations with added intersection analogously correspond to conjunctive grammars.
Language equations and finite automata
Brzozowski and Leiss studied left language equations where every concatenation is w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic-controlled%20release%20oral%20delivery%20system | The osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) is an advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system in the form of a rigid tablet with a semi-permeable outer membrane and one or more small laser drilled holes in it. As the tablet passes through the body, water is absorbed through the semipermeable membrane via osmosis, and the resulting osmotic pressure is used to push the active drug through the laser drilled opening(s) in the tablet and into the gastrointestinal tract. OROS is a trademarked name owned by ALZA Corporation, which pioneered the use of osmotic pumps for oral drug delivery.
Rationale
Pros and cons
Osmotic release systems have a number of major advantages over other controlled-release mechanisms. They are significantly less affected by factors such as pH, food intake, GI motility, and differing intestinal environments. Using an osmotic pump to deliver drugs has additional inherent advantages regarding control over drug delivery rates. This allows for much more precise drug delivery over an extended period of time, which results in much more predictable pharmacokinetics. However, osmotic release systems are relatively complicated, somewhat difficult to manufacture, and may cause irritation or even blockage of the GI tract due to prolonged release of irritating drugs from the non-deformable tablet.
Oral osmotic release systems
Single-layer
The Elementary Osmotic Pump (EOP) was developed by ALZA in 1974, and was the first practical example o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-metal | A half-metal is any substance that acts as a conductor to electrons of one spin orientation, but as an insulator or semiconductor to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are oxides, sulfides, or Heusler alloys. Types of half-metallic compounds theoretically predicted so far include some Heusler alloys, such as Co2FeSi, NiMnSb, and PtMnSb; some Si-containing half–Heusler alloys with Curie temperatures over 600K, such as NiCrSi and PdCrSi; some transition-metal oxides, including rutile structured CrO2; some perovskites, such as LaMnO3 and SeMnO3; and a few more simply structured zincblende(ZB) compounds, including CrAs and superlattices. NiMnSb and CrO2 have been experimentally determined to be half-metals at very low temperatures.
In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results in conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is.
Half-metals were first described in 1983, as an explanation for the electrical properties of manganese-based Heusler alloys.
Some notable half-metals are chromium(IV) oxide, magnetite, and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSMO), as well as chromium arsenide. Half-m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even%E2%80%93odd%20rule | The even–odd rule is an algorithm implemented in vector-based graphic software, like the PostScript language and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), which determines how a graphical shape with more than one closed outline will be filled. Unlike the nonzero-rule algorithm, this algorithm will alternatively color and leave uncolored shapes defined by nested closed paths irrespective of their winding.
The SVG defines the even–odd rule by saying:
The rule can be seen in effect in many vector graphic programs (such as Freehand or Illustrator), where a crossing of an outline with itself causes shapes to fill in strange ways.
On a simple curve, the even–odd rule reduces to a decision algorithm for the point in polygon problem.
The SVG computer graphics vector standard may be configured to use the even–odd rule when drawing polygons, though it uses the non-zero rule by default.
Implementation
Below is a partial example implementation in Python:
def is_point_in_path(x: int, y: int, poly) -> bool:
# Determine if the point is on the path, corner, or boundary of the polygon
#
# Args:
# x -- The x coordinates of point.
# y -- The y coordinates of point.
# poly -- a list of tuples [(x, y), (x, y), ...]
#
# Returns:
# True if the point is in the path or is a corner or on the boundary
num = len(poly)
j = num - 1
c = False
for i in range(num):
if (x == poly[i][0]) and (y == poly[i][1]):
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Beckett%20%28statistician%29 | James Beckett III is an American statistician, author, editor, and publisher. His publications are well known in the hobby of sports card collecting.
Beckett earned a Ph.D. degree in statistics at Southern Methodist University in 1975 and then joined the faculty of Bowling Green State University as an associate professor. While at Bowling Green, Beckett began preparing baseball card price guides, which he offered free upon request.
Beckett price guides rely upon information from sellers throughout the United States, who supply information on customer interest and sales of products. Price guides typically carry two value labels, one based upon a high value, the other denoting low values. As the condition of collectibles is important in ascertaining their value, Beckett price guides also typically include a series of definitions for estimating condition.
In November 1984, Beckett began publishing Beckett Baseball Card Monthly. (Rival publication Tuff Stuff was also founded that year.) Beckett Baseball Card Monthly grew in popularity and became the basis for the success of Beckett Media, now based in Dallas, Texas. Beckett Publications produces price guides for a variety of sports collectibles (Beckett's Football, Basketball, and Hockey guides would start in the early 1990s, with Beckett's monthly Racing Guide following in 1996). Market values for non-sports card collectibles such as Pokémon Cards and related products are also tracked. Beckett retains a position as Senior Ad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem%20model | An ecosystem model is an abstract, usually mathematical, representation of an ecological system (ranging in scale from an individual population, to an ecological community, or even an entire biome), which is studied to better understand the real system.
Using data gathered from the field, ecological relationships—such as the relation of sunlight and water availability to photosynthetic rate, or that between predator and prey populations—are derived, and these are combined to form ecosystem models. These model systems are then studied in order to make predictions about the dynamics of the real system. Often, the study of inaccuracies in the model (when compared to empirical observations) will lead to the generation of hypotheses about possible ecological relations that are not yet known or well understood. Models enable researchers to simulate large-scale experiments that would be too costly or unethical to perform on a real ecosystem. They also enable the simulation of ecological processes over very long periods of time (i.e. simulating a process that takes centuries in reality, can be done in a matter of minutes in a computer model).
Ecosystem models have applications in a wide variety of disciplines, such as natural resource management, ecotoxicology and environmental health, agriculture, and wildlife conservation. Ecological modelling has even been applied to archaeology with varying degrees of success, for example, combining with archaeological models to explain the div |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%20test | In statistics, a rank test is any test involving ranks. Examples include:
Wilcoxon signed-rank test
Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance
Mann–Whitney U (special case)
Page's trend test
Friedman test
Rank products |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protofection | Protofection is a protein-mediated transfection of foreign mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the mitochondria of cells in a tissue to supplement or replace the native mitochondrial DNA already present. The complete mtDNA genome or just fragments of mtDNA generated by polymerase chain reaction can be transferred into the target mitochondria through the technique.
Scientists have hypothesized for the last couple of decades that protofection can be beneficial for patients with mitochondrial diseases. This technique is a recent development and is continuously being improved. As mitochondrial DNA becomes progressively more damaged with age, this may provide a method of at least partially rejuvenating mitochondria in old tissue, restoring them to their original, youthful function.
Method
Protofection is a developing technique and is continuously being improved. A specific protein transduction system has been created that is complexed with mtDNA, which enables the mtDNA to move across the targeted cell's membrane and specifically target mitochondria. The transduction system used consists of a protein transduction domain, mitochondrial localization sequences, and mitochondrial transcription factor A. Each of these play a specific role in protofection:
A protein transduction domain is needed because they are small regions of proteins that can cross the cell membrane of cells, independently.
A specific mitochondrial localization sequences is used for protofection because it permit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial%20Records%20%281920%29 | Imperial Records, the second United Kingdom-based label of that name, went into business in 1920. It was owned by the Crystalate Gramophone Record Manufacturing Company Ltd. of Tonbridge, Kent, England. The company's main recording studio was in London. Most Imperial issues were recorded by the company, but some issues from masters leased from other companies in continental Europe and from the United States' Banner Records which also appeared on Imperial.
Most Imperial recordings were of popular songs, music hall tunes, and dance music of the time. The label went out of business in February 1934.
A history of Imperial Records, together with a listing of known records issued by the label, is published by the CLPGS in their Reference Series of books.
See also
List of record labels
Imperial Records
References
British record labels
Record labels established in 1920
Record labels disestablished in 1934 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidyne%20engine | A Fluidyne engine is an alpha or gamma type Stirling engine with one or more liquid pistons. It contains a working gas (often air), and either two liquid pistons or one liquid piston and a displacer.
The engine was invented in 1969. The engine was patented in 1973 by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
Engine operation
Working gas in the engine is heated, and this causes it to expand and push on the water column. This expansion cools the air which contracts, at the same time being pushed back by the weight of the displaced water column. The cycle then repeats.
The U-tube version has no moving parts in the engine other than the water and air, although there are two check valves in the pump. This engine operates at a natural resonance cycle that is "tuned" by adjusting the geometry, generally with a "tuning tube" of water.
Engine as a pump
In the classic configuration, the work produced via the water pistons is integrated with a water pump. The simple pump is external to the engine, and consists of two check valves, one on the intake and one on the outlet. In the engine, the loop of oscillating liquid can be thought of as acting as a displacer piston. The liquid in the single tube extending to the pump acts as the power piston. Traditionally the pump is open to the atmosphere, and the hydraulic head is small, so that the absolute engine pressure is close to atmospheric pressure.
Demonstration video
The videos show operation of a U-tube type model Fluidyne engin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing%20performance | Computing performance can mean:
Algorithmic efficiency (software)
Computer performance (hardware) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCAN-TV | WCAN-TV (channel 25) was a television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, which operated from 1953 to 1955. It was the second television station and first ultra high frequency (UHF) outlet in Milwaukee and was owned by Midwest Broadcasting Company. Affiliated with CBS throughout its history, it shut down when the network bought its primary competitor, WOKY-TV (channel 19), taking with it the CBS affiliation; Poller sold the physical plant to CBS, while the WCAN-TV construction permit remained active and in force until 1969.
Establishment
After the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted its freeze on television station assignments in 1952, it opened up new channels in the UHF band, among them channels 19, 25, and 31 for Milwaukee. Radio station WCAN (1250 AM) originally had filed for channel 12, a very high frequency (VHF) assignment, but it opted to withdraw from that contest and apply from channel 25 because three other groups also sought channel 12. They were not alone in doing so. WFOX (860 AM) also applied for channel 12 and switched its application to channel 25 in the same week, setting up a potential comparative hearing. A third applicant, Harry Balaban's Northwestern Television Company, also filed for the channel but later amended its application to specify channel 19.
When WFOX then decided to go after channel 19, incorrectly believing that the recent award to the corporate owners of WOKY (920 AM) of a permit for a station in Madison disqualifie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uteroglobin | Uteroglobin, or blastokinin, also known as secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCGB1A1 gene.
SCGB1A1 is the founding member of the secretoglobin family of small, secreted, disulfide-bridged dimeric proteins found only in mammals. This antiparallel disulfide linked homodimeric protein is multifunctional and found in various tissues in various names such as: uteroglobin (UG, UGB), uteroglobin-like antigen (UGL), blastokinin, club-cell secretory protein (CCSP), Clara-cell 16 kD protein (17 in rat/mice), club-cell-specific 10 kD protein (CC10), human protein 1, urine protein 1 (UP-1), polychlorinated biphenyl-binding protein (PCB-BP), human club cell phospholipid-binding protein (hCCPBP), secretoglobin 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1).
This protein is specifically expressed in club cells in the lungs.
Function
The precise physiological role of uteroglobin is not yet known. Putative functions are:
Immunomodulation
Progesterone binding: weak in some animals, especially weak in humans. (Note: UGB is itself progesterone induced gene in the endometrium in Lagomorphs)
Inhibits phospholipase A2 in vitro
Binds phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol
Binds to fibronectin: The uteroglobulin knockout mice on the inbred C57Bl6 strain develop Goodpasture's syndrome like glomerulopathy due to fibronectin binding of IgA which might potentially be prevented by uteroglobin replacement. However contrary to the animal model claims, human genetic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20program | In mathematics, a bilinear program is a nonlinear optimization problem whose objective or constraint functions are bilinear. An example is the pooling problem.
References
Bilinear program at the Mathematical Programming Glossary.
Mathematical optimization |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol%207%20alpha-hydroxylase | Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene which has an important role in cholesterol metabolism. It is a cytochrome P450 enzyme, which belongs to the oxidoreductase class, and converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol, the first and rate limiting step in bile acid synthesis.
The inhibition of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) represses bile acid biosynthesis.
Evolution
Sequence comparisons indicated a huge similarity between cytochromes P450 identified in man and bacteria, and suggested that the superfamily cytochrome P450 first originated from a common ancestral gene some three billion years ago.
The superfamily cytochrome P450 was named in 1961, because of the 450-nm spectral peak pigment that cytochrome P450 has when reduced and bound to carbon monoxide. In the early 1960s, P450 was thought to be one enzyme, and by the mid 1960s it was associated with drug and steroid metabolism.
However, the membrane-associated and hydrophobic nature of the enzyme system impeded purification, and the number of proteins involved could not be accurately counted. Advances in mRNA purification in the early 1980s allowed to isolate the first cDNA encoding a complete cytochrome P450 (CYP) protein, and thereafter, results of many cloning studies have revealed a large number of different enzymes.
Advances in molecular biology and genomics facilitated the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM%20transmitter | FM transmitter may refer to:
A transmitter sending out a frequency modulated signal
A personal FM transmitter, a very short range device to enable the listening of music from a music device through the speakers of a regular FM radio. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Kerrins | Pat Kerrins (born 13 September 1936 in Fulham, London) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League as an outside left for Queens Park Rangers, Crystal Palace and Southend United.
Kerrins came through the youth ranks at Queens Park Rangers, turned professional in December 1953 and made his debut in February 1954 in a goalless draw against Exeter City. He went on to play 146 league games for Rangers, scoring 30 league goals, then transferred to Crystal Palace in 1960 and later had spells at Southend United and non-league Romford.
References
1936 births
Living people
Footballers from Fulham
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Romford F.C. players
English Football League players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretoglobin | Secretoglobins (SCGBs) are a family of small, alpha-helical, disulfide linked, dimeric proteins found only in mammals. This family was formerly known as the Uteroglobin/Clara cell 10-kDa family, after the two aliases of its founding member Uteroglobin.
Structure and function
The proteins are mostly alpha-helical, and the dimer is formed in an antiparallel way. The dimer interface features a cavity formed across the two monomers, which can accommodate small to medium sized ligands like steroids and phospholipids. The binding and release may be coupled with the redox state of the cystines, i.e. the presence of these disulfide bonds.
Many have regulatory functions.
Classification
The family was classified by sequence homology into 6 subfamilies in 2006. The human and mouse genomes only contain the first three families, per an 2011 update. Not every family is monophyletic.
Rat prostatein (rat prostatic steroid binding protein) is a three component, tetrameric protein complex built from three lipophilin-like genes in groups 2 and 3. Some sources describe it as the ortholog of lipophilin.
Extra subfamilies
Subfamilies 4 and 6 were originally described as found in human and mice, but they are now treated as duplicates of existing groups. Subfamily 5 is found in neither to begin with.
Subfamily 4 formerly included what is now known as group 1B and 2B as group 4A. Pairs of 1B/2B (ABP) genes are arranged head-to-head on the chromosome into "modules" that have been independent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma%20test | Gamma test may refer to:
Gamma test (statistics)
An alternate name for "release candidate" in the software release life cycle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliettite | Aliettite is a complex phyllosilicate mineral of the smectite group with a formula of (Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O) or .
It is a soft, colorless to pale yellow or green earthy mineral which crystallizes in the monoclinic system as minute tabular to platy crystals.
It was first described in 1968 for an occurrence in Monte Chiaro, Albareto, Parma Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy and named for the Italian mineralogist Andrea Alietti (born 1923).
It occurs in serpentinized ophiolites and their residual soil. It also occurs in altered dolomite. Associated minerals include talc, chlorite, serpentine and calcite. In addition to the type locality in Italy it has been reported from Kinshasa, Katanga; the Chelyabinsk Oblast of the southern Urals and the Turii alkaline Massif of the Kola Peninsula in Russia; the Zirabulak Mountains of Uzbekistan; and the Goldstrike Mine of Eureka County, Nevada, US.
References
Smectite group
Hexagonal minerals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameghinite | Ameghinite, Na[H4B3O7] or NaB3O3(OH)4, is a mineral found in Argentina. It is a soft mineral with a Mohs hardness of 2–3. Ameghinite has a monoclinic crystal system.
It was first described in 1967 for an occurrence in the Tincalayu Mine, Salar Del Hombre Muerto, Salta, Argentina. It was named for Argentine geologist brothers, Carlos Ameghino (1865–1936) and Florentino Ameghino (1854–1911).
References
Nesoborates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Minerals described in 1967 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20NP-completeness | In computational complexity, an NP-complete (or NP-hard) problem is weakly NP-complete (or weakly NP-hard) if there is an algorithm for the problem whose running time is polynomial in the dimension of the problem and the magnitudes of the data involved (provided these are given as integers), rather than the base-two logarithms of their magnitudes. Such algorithms are technically exponential functions of their input size and are therefore not considered polynomial.
For example, the NP-hard knapsack problem can be solved by a dynamic programming algorithm requiring a number of steps polynomial in the size of the knapsack and the number of items (assuming that all data are scaled to be integers); however, the runtime of this algorithm is exponential time since the input sizes of the objects and knapsack are logarithmic in their magnitudes. However, as Garey and Johnson (1979) observed, “A pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm … will display 'exponential behavior' only when confronted with instances containing 'exponentially large' numbers, [which] might be rare for the application we are interested in. If so, this type of algorithm might serve our purposes almost as well as a polynomial time algorithm.” Another example for a weakly NP-complete problem is the subset sum problem.
The related term strongly NP-complete (or unary NP-complete) refers to those problems that remain NP-complete even if the data are encoded in unary, that is, if the data are "small" relative to the overall i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermosynthesis | Thermosynthesis is a theoretical mechanism proposed by Anthonie Muller for biological use of the free energy in a temperature gradient to drive energetically uphill anabolic reactions. It makes use of this thermal gradient, or the dissipative structure of convection in this gradient, to drive a microscopic heat engine that performs condensation reactions. Thus negative entropy is generated. The components of the biological thermosynthesis machinery concern progenitors of today's ATP synthase, which functions according to the binding change mechanism, driven by chemiosmosis. Resembling primitive free energy generating physico-chemical processes based on temperature-dependent adsorption to inorganic materials such as clay, this simple type of energy conversion is proposed to have sustained the origin of life, including the emergence of the RNA World. For this RNA World it gives a model that describes the stepwise acquisition of the set of transfer RNAs that sustains the Genetic code. The phylogenetic tree of extant transfer RNAs is consistent with the idea.
Thermosynthesis may still occur in some terrestrial
and extraterrestrial environments. However, no organisms are known at present that use thermosynthesis as a source of energy, although it is possible that it might occur in extraterrestrial environments where no light is available, such as on the subsurface ocean that may exist on the moon Europa. Thermosynthesis also permits a simple model for the origin of photosynthesi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation%20in%20Papua%20New%20Guinea | Papua New Guinea together with the West Papua region of Indonesia (New Guinea) make up a major tropical wilderness area that still contains 5% of the original and untouched tropical high-biodiversity terrestrial ecosystems. PNG in itself contains over 5% of the world's biodiversity in less than 1% of the world's total land area. The flora of New Guinea is unique because it has two sources of origin; the Gondwana flora from the south and flora with Asian origin from the west. As a result, New Guinea shares major family and genera with Australia and the East Asia, but is rich in local endemic species. The endemicity is a result of mountainous isolation, topographic and soil habitat heterogeneity, high forest disturbance rates and abundant aseasonal rainfall year round. PNG boasts some 15–21,000 higher plants, 3,000 species of orchids, 800 species of coral, 600 species of fish, 250 species of mammals and 760 species of birds and 8 species of tree-kangaroos out of which 84 genera of animals are endemic. Ecosystems range from lowland forests to montane forests, alpine flora down to coastal areas which contains some of the most extensive pristine mangrove areas in the world. Much of this biodiversity has remained intact for thousands of years because the ruggedness of the terrain made the interior lands inaccessible; furthermore low population density and restrictions on the effectiveness of traditional tools, ensured that these biodiversity was never overexploited.
Biodiversity v |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad%C3%ADlson%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201977%29 | José Jadílson dos Santos Silva (born December 4, 1977 in Maceió, Alagoas), most commonly known as Jadílson, is a Brazilian football defender.
Club statistics
Honours
Goiás
Campeonato Goiano: 2006
São Paulo
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2007
Cruzeiro
Campeonato Mineiro: 2008
Personal Honours
Brazilian Silver Ball (Placar) - Best Left Back: 2005
References
External links
globoesporte.globo.com
CBF
sambafoot
saopaulofc.net
1977 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
J1 League players
Clube de Regatas Brasil players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) players
Guarani FC players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
Fluminense FC players
Paraná Clube players
Goiás Esporte Clube players
São Paulo FC players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
Grêmio Barueri Futebol players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Maceió |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocaryum%20aculeatissimum | Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (syn. Astrocaryum ayri Mart., Toxophoenix aculeatissima Schott) is a palm native to Atlantic Coast restingas vegetation, which is an ecosystem of Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil. This plant has a commercial value because it has useful fibers which may be used to make production of brooms.
The trunk of the tree is covered by rings of very sharp spines, believed by some biologists to have evolved as protection against the extinct Megatherium Giant Ground Sloth.
External links
Astrocaryum aculeatissimum photos
aculeatissimum
Endemic flora of Brazil
Flora of the Atlantic Forest
Trees of Brazil
Fiber plants
Medicinal plants of South America
Least concern plants
Least concern biota of South America |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFRO-FM | WFRO-FM is a commercial FM radio station, licensed to the Sandusky county seat of Fremont, Ohio. The station operates at the federally assigned frequency of 99.1 MHz, and is owned by BAS Broadcasting.
History
WFRO had for much of its existence, been a combination AM and FM station, with the FM first going on the air in 1946, and the AM (at 900 kHz) coming on the air three years later. Both stations simulcast each other for a portion of the broadcast day, breaking away for separate programming during the midday hours, with the AM concentrating more on information and talk, and the FM for music.
For many years, WFRO AM broadcast a full-service MOR format heavy on local news and information; WFRO-FM played beautiful music during non-simulcast dayparts. AM 900's directional signal allowed WFRO programming to be heard clearly throughout much of southeastern Michigan (including the metropolitan Detroit area) and southwestern Ontario in addition to Ohio's North Coast region. By the 1990s, WFRO and WFRO-FM were simulcasting each other for most of the broadcast day, and WFRO's music format had evolved into a more contemporary mix of AC and adult-appeal CHR hits, but the full-service emphasis remained.
The station was founded by Wolfe Broadcasting Company, which controlled the station until 2001, when both stations were sold separately to different owners.
BAS Broadcasting purchased WFRO-FM, while ABC/Disney purchased the license to WFRO/900, but not to run it as a separate entit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%AA%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201986%29 | Alexandre Luiz Fernandes (born 21 January 1986), commonly known as Alê, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for CA Juventus.
Club statistics
Honours
São Paulo
Campeonato Paulista: 2005
Copa Libertadores: 2005
Campeonato Brasileiro: 2006
Contract
Atlético Mineiro: 14 September 2010 to 14 September 2014
Americana Futebol Ltda.: 2 May 2011 to 31 December 2011 (on loan)
External links
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
São Paulo FC players
Clube Atlético Juventus players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Esporte Clube Santo André players
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Clube Atlético Mineiro players
Avaí FC players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Rio Claro Futebol Clube players
J2 League players
Cerezo Osaka players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A2199%20road | The A2199 is an urban A-road in south London. It runs from the A215 Norwood Road, in the centre of Herne Hill, to the A212 Crystal Palace Parade.
Route
Herne Hill
The A2199 commences its journey on the A215 Norwood Road, opposite Brockwell Park. Starting as Croxted Road, it heads south, forming a boundary between the London Borough of Lambeth, to the west, and the London Borough of Southwark, to the east. In this section, Lambeth is the dominant borough.
It immediately comes under a bridge, carrying the Sutton Loop Line, between the stations of Herne Hill and Tulse Hill and then afterwards bending to the right. We pass a petrol garage, quickly followed by passing under another bridge, this time the Caterham Line, between the stations of North Dulwich and Tulse Hill, before the road comes to a crossroads with Turney Road. It continues straight, eventually arriving to a junction with the A205 Thurlow Park Road (South Circular Road), near to West Dulwich Station.
West Dulwich
Here the road continues straight, with Southwark winning the battle, and stays dominant for the rest of the route. The road passes blocks of flats, until it reaches a parade of shops, in the centre of West Dulwich. Here, it reaches a junction, with Park Hall Road, where it continues straight, changing its name to South Croxted Road. It follows this Victorian terraced street until a couple of bends, which takes it to a large roundabout.
Arterial route
It is the main north–south arterial road for West |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A234%20road | The A234 is an A road between Crystal Palace and Beckenham in London, England.
Route
It starts as Crystal Palace Park Road near the top of Sydenham Hill. Running down on the North side of Crystal Palace Park it passes under two viaducts for the railway lines between London Bridge and East Croydon and Crystal Palace. It then enters Penge as Penge High Street before crossing the A213. It then passes underneath Tramlink, before finishing at Beckenham town centre.
External links
SABRE Roads by Ten – A234
Roads in England
Streets in the London Borough of Bromley |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A212%20road | The A212 is an A road in South London, linking Lewisham to Croydon.
Route
It runs southwest from the South Circular at Catford, going through Sydenham, Norwood and Crystal Palace before heading south to Croydon. It then turns east to terminate at the A2022 road in Forestdale.
Vicar's Oak
The junction with the A214 at Crystal Palace is the meeting point of four London Boroughs – London Borough of Bromley, London Borough of Croydon, London Borough of Lambeth and London Borough of Southwark. The Vicar's Oak, a tree which stood here from the 16th century was once the traditional marker of this boundary.
References
Roads in England
Streets in the London Borough of Croydon
Streets in the London Borough of Lewisham
Streets in the London Borough of Southwark |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragel | Ragel is a finite-state machine compiler and a parser generator. Initially Ragel supported output for C, C++ and Assembly source code, and was expanded to support several other languages including Objective C, D, Go, Ruby, and Java. Additional language support is also in development. It supports the generation of table or control flow driven state machines from regular expressions and/or state charts and can also build lexical analysers via the longest-match method. Ragel specifically targets text parsing and input validation.
Overview
Ragel supports the generation of table or control flow driven state machines from regular expressions and/or state charts and can also build lexical analysers via the longest-match method.
A unique feature of Ragel is that user actions can be associated with arbitrary state machine transitions using operators that are integrated into the regular expressions. Ragel also supports visualization of the generated machine via graphviz.
The above graph represents a state-machine that takes user input as a series of bytes representing ASCII characters and control codes. 48..57 is equivalent to the regular expression [0-9] (i.e. any digit), so only sequences beginning with a digit can be recognised. If 10 (line feed) is encountered, we're done. 46 is the decimal point ('.'), 43 and 45 are positive and negative signs ('+', '-') and 69/101 is uppercase/lowercase 'e' (to indicate a number in scientific format). As such it will recognize the following p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viropexis | Viropexis is the process by which different classes of viruses—particularly picornaviruses and papovaviruses—enter the host cell in which they will be able to replicate. The hydrophobic structures of the capsid proteins may be exposed after viral binding to the cell (see viral attachment protein). These structures help the virion or the viral genome slip through the membrane. It can be juxtaposed with viral endocytosis, which is receptor mediated, and doesn't involve direct penetration of the virion.
See also
Sources
Virology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatolysis | Pneumatolysis is an obsolete geologic term for magma emitting gasses that alter surrounding rock or crystallize minerals. Pneumatolysis is now considered a type of hydrothermal interaction.
See also
Metasomatism
References
Further reading
Philip Lake and R. H. Rastall. A textbook of geology (1920). 3rd ed. Edward Arnold: London. pp. 251-255 describes pneumatolysis, especially in granites.
McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of the Geological Sciences. Second edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987. p. 518
External links
Igneous petrology
Metamorphic petrology
Obsolete geology theories
Geological processes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CapZ | CapZ, also known as CAPZ, CAZ1 and CAPPA1, is a capping protein that caps the barbed end of actin filaments in muscle cells.
Structure
CapZ is a heterodimeric molecule, made up of an α and β subunit. The α and β subunits are similar in structure. Each subunit is divided into three domains and a shared C-terminal extension. Helix 1-3 is an N-terminal that is composed of three antiparallel helices that are arranged in an up, down, up pattern. Helix 4 is a C-terminal made up of an antiparallel β sheet which is composed of five β strands. On one side of the C-terminal, there is a shorter N-terminal helix and a long C-terminal helix. This long C-terminal helix makes up helix 5. The final helix, helix 6 differs in the α and β subunits. The β subunit is longer than the α subunit.
Function
Actin stabilisation
The main function of CapZ is to cap the barbed (plus) end of actin filaments in muscle cells. It is located in the Z band of the muscle sarcomere. This protein helps to stabilize the actin filaments protecting it from assembly and disassembly. The activity regulation of this protein can be done by other regulatory proteins that bind to the actin filaments blocking the CapZ, hence allowing assembly.
Cell signalling
CapZ is known to play a role in cell signaling, as it regulates PKC activity in cardiac cells.
Cell movement
CapZ plays a role in cell movement (cell crawling) by controlling the lengths of the microfilaments. When CapZ is inhibited by regulating factors, mic |
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