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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoidea | The Majoidea are a superfamily of crabs which includes the various spider crabs.
Taxonomy
In "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" De Grave and colleagues divided Majoidea into six families:
Family Epialtidae
Subfamily Epialtinae
Subfamily Pisinae
Subfamily Pliosomatinae
Subfamily Tychiinae
Family Hymenosomatidae
Family Inachidae
Family Inachoididae
Family Majidae
Subfamily Eurynolambrinae
Subfamily Majinae
Subfamily Micromaiinae
Subfamily Mithracinae
Subfamily Planoterginae
Family Oregoniidae
The classification has since been revised, with subfamilies Epialtinae and Mithracinae being elevated to families and Hymenosomatidae being moved to its own superfamily. The family composition according to the World Register of Marine Species is as follows:
family Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838
family Inachidae MacLeay, 1838
family Inachoididae Dana, 1851
family Macrocheiridae Dana, 1851
family Majidae Samouelle, 1819 – "true" spider crabs
family Mithracidae Balss, 1929
family Oregoniidae Garth, 1958
family Priscinachidae Breton, 2009
Notable species within the superfamily include:
Japanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi), the largest living species of crab, found on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
Libinia emarginata, the portly spider crab, a species of crab found in estuarine habitats on the east coast of North America.
Hyas, a genus of spider crabs, including the great spider crab (Hyas araneus), found in the Atlantic and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroplumidae | Retroplumidae is a family of heterotrematan crabs, placed in their own (monotypic) superfamily, Retroplumoidea.
Classification
Eight genera are recognised, of which all but two are only known from fossils:
Archaeopus † Rathbun, 1908
Bathypluma de Saint Laurent, 1989
Costacopluma † Collins & Morris, 1975
Cristipluma † Bishop, 1983a
Loerentheya † Lőrenthey, in Lőrenthey & Beurlen, 1929
Loerenthopluma † Beschin, Busulini, De Angeli & Tessier, 1996
Retrocypoda † Vía, 1959
Retropluma Gill, 1894
Ten species in two genera survive in the deep sea of the Indo-Pacific region:
Bathypluma chuni (Doflein, 1904)
Bathypluma forficula De Saint Laurent, 1989
Bathypluma spinifer De Saint Laurent, 1989
Retropluma denticulata Rathbun, 1932
Retropluma quadrata De Saint Laurent, 1989
Retropluma notopus (Alcock & Anderson, 1894)
Retropluma planiforma Kensley, 1969
Retropluma plumosa Tesch, 1918
Retropluma serenei De Saint Laurent, 1989
Retropluma solomonensis McLay, 2006
Fossil specimens ascribed to the Retroplumidae are known from the Late Cretaceous onwards, with Archaeopus antennatus in Coniacian–Maastrichtian rocks in California and Archaeopus ezoensis from Turonian–Maastrichtian rocks from Japan.
References
Crabs
Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
Decapod families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycodnaviridae | Phycodnaviridae is a family of large (100–560 kb) double-stranded DNA viruses that infect marine or freshwater eukaryotic algae. Viruses within this family have a similar morphology, with an icosahedral capsid (polyhedron with 20 faces). As of 2014, there were 33 species in this family, divided among 6 genera. This family belongs to a super-group of large viruses known as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. Evidence was published in 2014 suggesting that specific strains of Phycodnaviridae might infect humans rather than just algal species, as was previously believed. Most genera under this family enter the host cell by cell receptor endocytosis and replicate in the nucleus. Phycodnaviridae play important ecological roles by regulating the growth and productivity of their algal hosts. Algal species such Heterosigma akashiwo and the genus Chrysochromulina can form dense blooms which can be damaging to fisheries, resulting in losses in the aquaculture industry. Heterosigma akashiwo virus (HaV) has been suggested for use as a microbial agent to prevent the recurrence of toxic red tides produced by this algal species. Phycodnaviridae cause death and lysis of freshwater and marine algal species, liberating organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus into the water, providing nutrients for the microbial loop.
Taxonomy
Group: double-stranded DNA
The taxonomy of this family was initially based on host range: chloroviruses infect chlorella-like green algae from freshwaters; whereas, mem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE1 | Phosphodiesterase 1, PDE1, EC 3.1.4.1, systematic name oligonucleotide 5-nucleotidohydrolase) is a phosphodiesterase enzyme also known as calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. It is one of the 11 families of phosphodiesterase (PDE1-PDE11). Phosphodiesterase 1 has three subtypes, PDE1A, PDE1B and PDE1C which divide further into various isoforms. The various isoforms exhibit different affinities for cAMP and cGMP.
Discovery
The existence of the Ca2+-stimulated Phosphodiesterase 1 was first demonstrated by Cheung (1970), Kakiuchi and Yamazaki (1970) as a result of their research on bovine brain and rat brain respectively. It has since been found to be widely distributed in various mammalian tissues as well as in other eukaryotes. It is now one of the most intensively studied member of the PDE superfamily of enzymes, which today represents 11 gene families, and the best characterized one as well.
Further research in the field along with increased availability of monoclonal antibodies has shown that various phosphodiesterase 1 isoenzymes exist and have been identified and purified. It is now known that phosphodiesterase 1 exists as tissue specific isozymes.
Structure
The phosphodiesterase 1 isozyme family belongs to a Class I enzymes, which includes all vertebrate phosphodiesterases and some yeast enzymes. Class I enzymes all have a catalytic core of at least 250 amino acids whereas Class II enzymes lack such a common feature.
Usually vertebrate PDEs are dimer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roton%20%28disambiguation%29 | Roton is the name of
Roton, an excitation in superfluid Helium-4
Roton (label), a Romanian record label
Roton, the design for a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle designed by Gary Hudson that was developed at Rotary Rocket
Roton, a toy rotary vehicle. Released as part of the 1980s He-man and the Masters of the Universe toy-line by Mattel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20Reference%20Bureau | The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) is a private, nonprofit organization specializing in collecting and supplying statistics necessary for research and/or academic purposes focused on the environment, and health and structure of populations. The PRB works in the United States and internationally with a wide range of partners in the government, nonprofit, research, business, and philanthropy sectors.
History
In the early 1930s, the Population Reference Bureau (PRB) shared office space with the Population Association of America, which was created in May 1931 in New York City. This association focuses its work around many aspects, such as reproductive health and fertility, children and families, global health, urbanization, and more.
Funding and partners
The PRB receives support from a number of foundations, non-governmental organizations, and government agencies. Examples of such funding include the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the United States Census Bureau, and the World Health Organization.
The PRB partners with about 80 other organizations all around the world, in countries like Sudan, Egypt, and Uganda, to name a few. These partners vary in foci and location, ranging from renowned research institutions such as the International Center for Research on Women to public education institutions such as the University of South Florida.
Capabilities
The Population Reference Bureau has many capabilities in providing infor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%E2%80%9334%20Serie%20A | The 1933–34 Serie A season was won by Juventus.
Teams
Livorno and Brescia had been promoted from Serie B.
Events
A temporary relegation spot was added to reduce the league.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio – La Storia 1898–2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
Italy 1933/34 – All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1933–34 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase%202 | The PDE2 (phosphodiesterase 2) enzyme is one of 21 different phosphodiesterases (PDE) found in mammals. These different PDEs can be subdivided to 11 families (PDE1 – PDE11). The different PDEs of the same family are functionally related despite the fact that their amino acid sequences show considerable divergence. The PDEs have different substrate specificities. Some are cAMP selective hydrolases (PDE 4, -7 and -8), others are cGMP selective hydrolases (PDE 5, -6 and -9) and the rest can hydrolyse both cAMP and cGMP (PDE1, -2, -3, -10 and -11).
There is only one gene family coding for the PDE2, which is the PDE2A. Three splice variants have been found, the PDE2A1, PDE2A2 and PDE2A3 (PDE2A2 has only been found in rats). PDE2A1 is cytosolic whereas -A2 and -A3 are membrane bound. It has been suggested that different localization of PDE2A2 and -A3 is due to a unique N-terminal sequence, which is absent in PDE2A1. Despite the PDE2A splice variants being different, there is no known differences in their kinetic behavior.
Crystal structure
The crystal structure of the active site of the PDE2 enzyme has been reported. Even though amino acid sequences, for members of the PDE family show considerable difference (25-35% identity), the overall folding, functional and structural elements of the active sites are very similar. The active site is formed by residues that are highly conserved among all PDEs. The binding pocket contains metal ion (zinc and magnesium) binding sites. The two |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934%E2%80%9335%20Serie%20A | The 1934–35 Serie A season was won by Juventus.
Teams
Sampierdarenese had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1934–35 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935%E2%80%9336%20Serie%20A | The 1935–36 Serie A season was won by Bologna.
Teams
Genova 1893 and Bari had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1935–36 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%9337%20Serie%20A | The 1936–37 Serie A season was won by Bologna.
Teams
Lucchese and Novara had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Note: Genova qualified as Coppa Italia winners.
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1936–37 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonofibril | Tonofibrils are cytoplasmic protein structures in epithelial tissues that converge at desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. They consist of fine fibrils in epithelial cells that are anchored to the cytoskeleton. They were discovered by Rudolf Heidenhain, and first described in detail by Louis-Antoine Ranvier in 1897.
Composition
Tonofilaments are keratin intermediate filaments that makes up tonofibrils in the epithelial tissue. In epithelial cells, tonofilaments loop through desmosomes. Electron microscopy has advanced now to illustrate the tonofilaments more clearly.
The protein filaggrin is believed to be synthesized as a giant precursor protein, profilaggrin (>400 kDA in humans). When filaggrin binds to keratin intermediate filaments, the keratin aggregates into macrofibrils.
References
External links
Diagram at ultrakohl.com
Keratins
Cytoskeleton |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rellich%E2%80%93Kondrachov%20theorem | In mathematics, the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem is a compact embedding theorem concerning Sobolev spaces. It is named after the Austrian-German mathematician Franz Rellich and the Russian mathematician Vladimir Iosifovich Kondrashov. Rellich proved the L2 theorem and Kondrashov the Lp theorem.
Statement of the theorem
Let Ω ⊆ Rn be an open, bounded Lipschitz domain, and let 1 ≤ p < n. Set
Then the Sobolev space W1,p(Ω; R) is continuously embedded in the Lp space Lp∗(Ω; R) and is compactly embedded in Lq(Ω; R) for every 1 ≤ q < p∗. In symbols,
and
Kondrachov embedding theorem
On a compact manifold with boundary, the Kondrachov embedding theorem states that if and then the Sobolev embedding
is completely continuous (compact).
Consequences
Since an embedding is compact if and only if the inclusion (identity) operator is a compact operator, the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem implies that any uniformly bounded sequence in W1,p(Ω; R) has a subsequence that converges in Lq(Ω; R). Stated in this form, in the past the result was sometimes referred to as the Rellich–Kondrachov selection theorem, since one "selects" a convergent subsequence. (However, today the customary name is "compactness theorem", whereas "selection theorem" has a precise and quite different meaning, referring to set-valued functions).
The Rellich–Kondrachov theorem may be used to prove the Poincaré inequality, which states that for u ∈ W1,p(Ω; R) (where Ω satisfies the same hypotheses as above),
for some |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath%20transmitter | Goliath transmitter was a very low frequency (VLF) transmitter for communicating with submarines, built by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine navy near Kalbe an der Milde in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, which was in service from 1943 to 1945. It was capable of transmission power of between 100 and 1000 kW and was the most powerful transmitter of its time.
History
Submarines are shielded by conducting seawater from ordinary radio communication frequencies, but radio waves in the very low frequency (VLF) band from 3 to 30 kHz can penetrate seawater to depths of about 50 feet, allowing submarines to receive communications without surfacing and becoming vulnerable to detection. From 1943 to the end of World War II, Goliath was the main radio transmitter for German submarine radio communications, operating on frequencies between 15 and 25 kHz with a main working frequency of 16.55 kHz. Transmitting up to 1000 kilowatts of power, Goliath's transmissions could be received worldwide including submerged submarines in the Caribbean, but had difficulty penetrating Norwegian fjords.
Technical characteristics
Goliath used three umbrella antennas, which were arranged radially around three 210 metre tall guyed steel tube masts and were insulated against ground. At their edges these antennas were mounted on grounded 170 metre tall guyed lattice steel masts. Three of these masts carried two umbrella antennas to comprise 15 lattice steel masts.
Legacy of Goliath after 1945
Shortly after World Wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune%20regulator | The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIRE gene. It is a 13kb gene on chromosome 21q22.3 that has 545 amino acids. AIRE is a transcription factor expressed in the medulla (inner part) of the thymus. It is part of the mechanism which eliminates self-reactive T cells that would cause autoimmune disease. It exposes T cells to normal, healthy proteins from all parts of the body, and T cells that react to those proteins are destroyed.
Each T cell recognizes a specific antigen when it is presented in complex with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule by an antigen presenting cell. This recognition is accomplished by the T cell receptors expressed on the cell surface. T cells receptors are generated by randomly shuffled gene segments which results in a highly diverse population of T cells—each with a unique antigen specificity. Subsequently, T cells with receptors that recognize the body's own proteins need to be eliminated while still in the thymus. Through the action of AIRE, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) express major proteins from elsewhere in the body (so called "tissue-restricted antigens" - TRA) and T cells that respond to those proteins are eliminated through cell death (apoptosis). Thus AIRE drives negative selection of self-recognizing T cells. When AIRE is defective, T cells that recognize antigens normally produced by the body can exit the thymus and enter circulation. This can result in a variety of autoim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Education%20Sciences | The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) is the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education. IES' stated mission is to provide scientific evidence on which to ground education practice and policy and to share this information in formats that are useful and accessible to educators, parents, policymakers, researchers, and the public. It was created as part of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002.
The first director of IES was Grover Whitehurst, who was appointed in November 2002 and served for six years. Mark Schneider is currently the Director of IES.
Divisions
IES is divided into four major research and statistics centers:
National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE)—NCEE conducts large-scale evaluations and provides research-based technical assistance and information about high-quality research to educators and policymakers in a variety of different formats. NCEE's work includes evaluations of education programs and practices supported by federal funds; the Regional Educational Laboratory Program; the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC); the What Works Clearinghouse; and the National Library of Education. Matthew Soldner is the Commissioner of NCEE.
National Center for Education Research (NCER)—NCER supports research to improve student outcomes and education quality in the United States and pursue workable solutions to the challenges faced by educators and the educatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIP%20%28protein%29 | CLIP or Class II-associated invariant chain peptide is the part of the invariant chain (Ii) that binds to the peptide binding groove of MHC class II and remains there until the MHC receptor is fully assembled. CLIP is one of the most prevalent self peptides found in the thymic cortex of most antigen-presenting cells. The purpose of CLIP is to prevent the degradation of MHC II dimers before antigenic peptides bind, and to prevent autoimmunity.
During MHC II assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum, the invariant chain polypeptide complexes with MHC II heterodimers. In a late endosome/early lysosome, cathepsin S cleaves the invariant chain, leaving CLIP bound to the MHC II complex. In the presence of antigenic peptide fragments, HLA-DM partially binds to the MHC II peptide binding groove and acts as a catalyst, releasing CLIP and allowing peptides to bind. Antigenic peptides have a high affinity for the MHC II groove, and are readily exchanged for CLIP. This occurs in most cells expressing MHC II–however, in B cells, HLA-DO functions as the accessory protein. Both HLA-DM and HLA-DO interact with each other to act as chaperone proteins and prevent the denaturing of MHC II. MHC II with bound antigen is then transported to the plasma membrane for presentation.
CLIP also can affect the differentiation of T cells. MHC II + CLIP complexes are upregulated on maturing dendritic cells, which activate and differentiate T cells into Thelper (Th) and Tcytotoxic (Tc) cells. Th cells can pol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%2C%20Alberta | Cayley is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within the Foothills County. It is also recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada.
Cayley is approximately south of Calgary, south of High River and west of Highway 2 on Range Road 290 (former designated as Highway 2A). It is located within Census Division No. 6.
History
The community was named for the Hon. Hugh St. Quentin Cayley, a barrister and the publisher of the Calgary Herald in 1884, who also represented Calgary in the Northwest Territories legislature from 1886 to 1894. The hamlet originally contained at least seven grain elevators; all have been demolished. Cayley is also home to a Hutterite colony and a colony school; in 2001, two Cayley Colony girls were the first students from an Alberta colony school to write provincial diploma exams and graduate from high school.
Incorporation history
Previously incorporated as a village on August 4, 1904, Cayley dissolved to hamlet status on June 1, 1996.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Cayley had a population of 414 living in 166 of its 170 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 377. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Cayley had a population of 340 living in 143 of its 143 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 265. With a land area of , it had |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%20abundance%20curve | A rank abundance curve or Whittaker plot is a chart used by ecologists to display relative species abundance, a component of biodiversity. It can also be used to visualize species richness and species evenness. It overcomes the shortcomings of biodiversity indices that cannot display the relative role different variables played in their calculation.
The curve is a 2D chart with relative abundance on the Y-axis and the abundance rank on the X-axis.
X-axis: The abundance rank. The most abundant species is given rank 1, the second most abundant is 2 and so on.
Y-axis: The relative abundance. Usually measured on a log scale, this is a measure of a species abundance (e.g., the number of individuals) relative to the abundance of other species.
Interpreting a rank abundance curve
The rank abundance curve visually depicts both species richness and species evenness. Species richness can be viewed as the number of different species on the chart i.e., how many species were ranked. Species evenness is reflected in the slope of the line that fits the graph (assuming a linear, i.e. logarithmic series, relationship). A steep gradient indicates low evenness as the high-ranking species have much higher abundances than the low-ranking species. A shallow gradient indicates high evenness as the abundances of different species are similar.
Quantitative comparison of rank abundance curves
Quantitative comparison of rank abundance curves of different communities can be done using RADanalysis p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20tensor | In mathematics, a Killing tensor or Killing tensor field is a generalization of a Killing vector, for symmetric tensor fields instead of just vector fields. It is a concept in pseudo-Riemannian geometry, and is mainly used in the theory of general relativity. Killing tensors satisfy an equation similar to Killing's equation for Killing vectors. Like Killing vectors, every Killing tensor corresponds to a quantity which is conserved along geodesics. However, unlike Killing vectors, which are associated with symmetries (isometries) of a manifold, Killing tensors generally lack such a direct geometric interpretation. Killing tensors are named after Wilhelm Killing.
Definition and properties
In the following definition, parentheses around tensor indices are notation for symmetrization. For example:
Definition
A Killing tensor is a tensor field (of some order m) on a (pseudo)-Riemannian manifold which is symmetric (that is, ) and satisfies:
This equation is a generalization of Killing's equation for Killing vectors:
Properties
Killing vectors are a special case of Killing tensors. Another simple example of a Killing tensor is the metric tensor itself. A linear combination of Killing tensors is a Killing tensor. A symmetric product of Killing tensors is also a Killing tensor; that is, if and are Killing tensors, then is a Killing tensor too.
Every Killing tensor corresponds to a constant of motion on geodesics. More specifically, for every geodesic with tangent vector , the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propyphenazone | Propyphenazone (known as isopropylantipyrine in Japan) is a derivative of phenazone with similar analgesic and antipyretic effects. Originally patented in 1931, propyphenazone is marketed as a combination formulation with paracetamol and caffeine for treatment of primary headache disorder.
Serious adverse events
Case reports have described acute inferior-wall myocardial infarctions characterized by low atrial rhythms (Kounis syndrome) secondary to propyphenazone use.
Excerpt from WHO comments
Banned
Sri Lanka
Malaysia
Thailand
See also
Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine
References
Analgesics
Antipyretics
Pyrazolones
Isopropyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coray%2C%20Finist%C3%A8re | Coray (; ) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.
It lies on the river Odet.
Geography
Climate
Coray has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Coray is . The average annual rainfall is with January as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Coray was on 9 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 2 January 1997.
Population
Inhabitants of Coray are called in French Corayens.
Map
See also
Communes of the Finistère department
References
External links
Official website
Mayors of Finistère Association
Communes of Finistère |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Myanmar | Islam is a minority religion in Myanmar, practised by about 2.1% of the population, according to the 2014 Myanmar official statistics.
History
In the early Bagan era (AD 652-660), Arab Muslim merchants landed at ports such as Thaton and Martaban. Arab Muslim ships sailed from Madagascar to China, often going in and out of Burma. Arab travellers visited the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal south of Burma.
The first Muslims had landed in Myanmar (Burma's) Ayeyarwady River delta, on the Tanintharyi coast and in Rakhine in the 9th century, prior to the establishment of the first Burmese empire in 1055 AD by King Anawrahta of Bagan. The sea posts of Burma such as Kyaukpyu, Bassein, Syriam, Martaban, Mergui, etc. are rife with the legendary accounts of early shipwrecks in their neighbourhood: of Kular shipwrecked sailors, traders and soldiers. At first Muslims arrived on the Arakan coast and moved into the upward hinterland to Maungdaw. The time when the Muslims arrived in Burma and in Arakan and Maungdaw is uncertain.
These early Muslim settlements and the propagation of Islam were documented by Arab, Persian, European and Chinese travelers of the 9th century. Burmese Muslims are the descendants of Muslim peoples who settled and intermarried with the local Burmese ethnic groups. Muslims arrived in Burma as traders or settlers, military personnel, and prisoners of war, refugees, and as victims of slavery. However, many early Muslims also as saying goes held positions of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius%20Chapman | Mr Cornelius Chapman is a cult poet, songsmith, writer and performer who found fame through the much celebrated "The Gentleman's Club" radio show on London's Resonance FM and later via his numerous recordings for Xfm and Virgin Radio DJ Christian O'Connell.
Although The Gentleman's Club members went their separate ways back in 2004, Cornelius continues to write and record via his website at www.corneliuschapman.com.
Highlights of Cornelius' back catalogue include:
- 21st Century Diaries: A continuous quest to lead the gentlemanly lifestyle in modern times.
- Mr Tweed: Cornelius' first endeavour into the world of Children's story telling.
- Memoirs: Finally, the Chapman memoirs (or at least volume I) are available as read by the great man
- Biscuits at Balmoral: A compilation of the greatest tunes from Cornelius including "Let's Win it for the Queen" and "Cup of Tea"
In 2006 Cornelius finally succumbed to the lure of technology and abandoned the quill in favour of his Blog, also available from www.corneliuschapman.com.
English male comedians
English radio presenters
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland%20JX-8P | Roland JX-8P is a 61-key, velocity- and aftertouch-sensitive, six-note polyphonic, fully analog synthesizer released by Roland in 1985. In a time of rising popularity of digital frequency modulation synthesizers, such as Yamaha DX7, JX-8P was marketed as the best of both worlds: while it was possible to create classic analog synth sounds, several new modulation parameters and redesigned hardware enabled it to produce certain types of sounds associated with FM synthesis, such as metallic percussive sounds. Likewise, traditional hands-on controls were replaced with a Yamaha DX7-style interface with membrane buttons and one "edit" slider.
The forerunners to the JX-8P were the JX-3P and the rack MKS-30. JX-8P was among the last true analog synthesizers produced by Roland in the 1980s, with Alpha Juno 1/2 synths, racks MKS-50 and MKS-70, and finally the JX-10.
Factory presets on the JX-8P were created by Eric Persing and Dan DeSouza.
One of the JX-8P's best known uses is in the opening brass fanfare of Europe's 1986 hit "The Final Countdown", layered with a preset patch on a Yamaha TX816W.
Features and programming
Though the JX-8P is relatively complex, it may appear otherwise for its lack of traditional synthesizer controls. It features two DCOs per voice, two software-generated (and relatively soft) ADSR envelopes, high- and low-pass filters, two types of (fixed-rate) chorus effect, three different sync modes, etc. Additionally, it offers two "polyphonic" play modes, two "un |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osazone | Osazone are a class of carbohydrate derivatives found in organic chemistry formed when reducing sugars are reacted with excess of phenylhydrazine at boiling temperatures.
Formation
Osazone formation was developed by Emil Fischer, who used the reaction as a test to identify monosaccharides.
The formation of a pair of hydrazone functionalities involves both oxidation and condensation reactions. Since the reaction requires a free carbonyl group, only "reducing sugars" participate. Sucrose, which is nonreducing, does not form an osazone.
Appearance
Osazones are highly coloured and crystalline compounds. Osazones are readily distinguished.
Maltosazone (from maltose) forms petal-shaped crystals.
Lactosazone (from lactose) forms powder puff-shaped crystals.
Galactosazone (from galactose) forms rhombic-plate shaped crystals.
Glucosazone (from glucose, fructose or mannose) forms broomstick or needle-shaped crystals.
Historic references
References
Carbohydrates
Hydrazones
Emil Fischer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagnation%20enthalpy | In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the stagnation enthalpy of a fluid is the static enthalpy of the fluid at a stagnation point. The stagnation enthalpy is also called total enthalpy. At a point where the flow does not stagnate, it corresponds to the static enthalpy of the fluid at that point assuming it was brought to rest from velocity isentropically. That means all the kinetic energy was converted to internal energy without losses and is added to the local static enthalpy. When the potential energy of the fluid is negligible, the mass-specific stagnation enthalpy represents the total energy of a flowing fluid stream per unit mass.
Stagnation enthalpy, or total enthalpy, is the sum of the static enthalpy (associated with the temperature and static pressure at that point) plus the enthalpy associated with the dynamic pressure, or velocity. This can be expressed in a formula in various ways. Often it is expressed in specific quantities, where specific means mass-specific, to get an intensive quantity:
where:
mass-specific total enthalpy, in [J/kg]
mass-specific static enthalpy, in [J/kg]
fluid velocity at the point of interest, in [m/s]
mass-specific kinetic energy, in [J/kg]
The volume-specific version of this equation (in units of energy per volume, [J/m^3] is obtained by multiplying the equation with the fluid density :
where:
volume-specific total enthalpy, in [J/m^3]
volume-specific static enthalpy, in [J/m^3]
fluid velocity at the point of interest, in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20Frequency%20Modulation | Audio Frequency Modulation (AFM) is an audio recording standard used by Betamax and VHS Hi-Fi stereo, 8mm and Hi8 video systems. AFM is mono on 8mm systems and stereo on Hi8.
References
Video storage |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20finite%20automaton | In quantum computing, quantum finite automata (QFA) or quantum state machines are a quantum analog of probabilistic automata or a Markov decision process. They provide a mathematical abstraction of real-world quantum computers. Several types of automata may be defined, including measure-once and measure-many automata. Quantum finite automata can also be understood as the quantization of subshifts of finite type, or as a quantization of Markov chains. QFAs are, in turn, special cases of geometric finite automata or topological finite automata.
The automata work by receiving a finite-length string of letters from a finite alphabet , and assigning to each such string a probability indicating the probability of the automaton being in an accept state; that is, indicating whether the automaton accepted or rejected the string.
The languages accepted by QFAs are not the regular languages of deterministic finite automata, nor are they the stochastic languages of probabilistic finite automata. Study of these quantum languages remains an active area of research.
Informal description
There is a simple, intuitive way of understanding quantum finite automata. One begins with a graph-theoretic interpretation of deterministic finite automata (DFA). A DFA can be represented as a directed graph, with states as nodes in the graph, and arrows representing state transitions. Each arrow is labelled with a possible input symbol, so that, given a specific state and an input symbol, the arrow |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20W.%20Swetnam | Thomas W. Swetnam (born 1955) is Regents' Professor Emeritus of Dendrochronology at the University of Arizona, studying disturbances of forest ecosystems across temporal and spatial scales. He served as the Director of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research from 2000 to 2015.
Education
Swetnam received his bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from the University of New Mexico and subsequently received his master's and PhD from the University of Arizona in watershed management and dendrochronology.
Recognition
He received the A.E. Douglass award from the University of Arizona, the W.S. Cooper award from the Ecological Society of America (with Julio Betancourt) and the Henry Cowles award from the American Association of Geographers (with James H. Speer). He was elected a Fellow of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in 2015. He received the Harold C. Fritts Lifetime Achievement Award from the Tree-Ring Society in 2016. He received the Harold Biswell Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Association for Fire Ecology in 2016.
Advisor
He has served on the following advisory and editorial boards:
Board of trustees, Valles Caldera National Preserve (2000-2004); Arizona Forest Health Advisory Council (2003-2006); Arizona Climate Change Advisory Group (2005-2006); associate editor, International Journal of Wildland Fire, (1993–present); editor, Tree-Ring Research (2000-2001); associate editor, Ecoscience (1994-1998); associate editor, Canadian Jour |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citylink | Citylink or City Link may refer to:
In transport:
CityLink, a system of tollways, tunnels and bridges in Melbourne, Australia
Maryland Transit Administration, a system of high-frequency bus routes serving Baltimore, Maryland U.S.
City Link (company), previously Initial City Link, a former courier company in the United Kingdom
Central Citylink, a defunct train service brand used by Central Trains in England
Finney County Transit, whose fixed-route buses operate under City Link branding
Greater Peoria Mass Transit District also goes by CityLink
Stadler Citylink, a series of tram-trains
Bus & coach services:
Scottish Citylink, intercity coach operator in Scotland
Irish Citylink, intercity coach operator in the Republic of Ireland
Citylink Edmond, a bus system in Edmond, Oklahoma
Citylink (Idaho), a bus system in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Greater Peoria Mass Transit District, an Illinois bus system that uses the name CityLink
CityLink, a bus route operated by Bluestar (bus company) in southern England
Citylink Coach Services, a bus company in the Philippines
Airlines:
CTK – CiTylinK, an airline in Ghana
Alberta Citylink, an airline in Alberta, Canada
Citilink Airlines, an airline in Indonesia
In telecommunications:
Citylink, a consortium to finance the Connect Project radio system on the London Underground
CityLink Limited, a broadband company in New Zealand
In buildings:
CityLink Mall, a shopping mall in Singapore
Citylink Plaza, an office building in Hong Ko |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstorm | A superstorm is a large, unusually occurring, destructive storm without another distinct meteorological classification, such as hurricane or blizzard.
Origin and usage
Before the early 1990s, the phrases "storm of the century" or "perfect storm" were generally used to describe unusually large or destructive storms. The term "superstorm" was employed in 1993 by the National Weather Service to describe a Nor'easter in March of that year. The term is most frequently used to describe a weather pattern that is as destructive as a hurricane, but which exhibits the cold-weather patterns of a winter storm.
Examples
Hurricane Patricia, strongest tropical cyclone by wind speed, with sustained winds at least 20 mph faster than its runner-up.
Great Gale of 1880, northwest United States.
North Sea flood of 1953, A powerful system that triggered severe flooding in the British Isles and Netherlands.
Columbus Day Storm of 1962, Pacific Northwest windstorm.
Great Storm of 1975, central and southeast United States.
Braer Storm of January 1993, North Atlantic.
1993 Storm of the Century, eastern North America.
Hanukkah Eve windstorm of 2006, Pacific Northwest windstorm.
Great Coastal Gale of 2007, a series of three powerful Pacific Northwest storms.
January 2008 North American storm complex, Pacific extratropical cyclone over North America.
October 2009 North American storm complex, extratropical cyclone over western North America.
January 2010 North American winter storms, a gro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Claxton%20Shield | Results and statistics for the 2004 Claxton Shield
Ladder
Championship series
23 January 2004 - Semi Final 1 - Western Australia Vs Queensland Rams
24 January 2004 - Semi Final 2 - South Australia Vs New South Wales Patriots
24 January 2004 - Grand Final - New South Wales Patriots Vs Queensland Rams
*Box Score
Award winners
Top Stats
All-Star Team
External links
Official 2004 Claxton Shield Website
Claxton Shield
Claxton Shield
Claxton Shield
January 2004 sports events in Australia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography%20functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging | EEG-fMRI (short for EEG-correlated fMRI or electroencephalography-correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging) is a multimodal neuroimaging technique whereby EEG and fMRI data are recorded synchronously for the study of electrical brain activity in correlation with haemodynamic changes in brain during the electrical activity, be it normal function or associated with disorders.
Principle
Scalp EEG reflects the brain's electrical activity, and in particular post-synaptic potentials (see Inhibitory postsynaptic current and Excitatory postsynaptic potential) in the cerebral cortex, whereas fMRI is capable of detecting haemodynamic changes throughout the brain through the BOLD effect. EEG-fMRI therefore allows measuring both neuronal and haemodynamic activity which comprise two important components of the neurovascular coupling mechanism.
Methodology
The simultaneous acquisition of EEG and fMRI data of sufficient quality requires solutions to problems linked to potential health risks (due to currents induced by the MR image forming process in the circuits created by the subject and EEG recording system) and EEG and fMRI data quality. There are two degrees of integration of the data acquisition, reflecting technical limitations associated with the interference between the EEG and MR instruments. These are: interleaved acquisitions, in which each acquisition modality is interrupted in turn (periodically) to allow data of adequate quality to be recorded by the other modality; |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20cell%20structure%20%28telecommunications%29 | For telephone services to mobile phones, Hierarchical cell structure ("HCS") used in mobile telecommunication means the splitting of cells. This type of cell structure allows the network to effectively use the geographical area and serve an increasing population.
Mechanism
The large cell (called a "macro cell") is rearranged to include small cells in it called micro and pico cells. The cricket stadium/exhibition ground can be a micro cell and a multi storied building can be a pico cell within the large cell. The micro/pico cell is allocated the radio spectrum to serve the increased population. The User Equipments (UEs) going out of the pico/micro cells are allowed to reselect the larger cell.
The HCS cells are given priorities from 0-7 where 0 is the lowest priority and 7 the highest. The cells close to the serving cell are given highest priority. The mobiles in high mobility prioritise to reselect to the lower priority cells to avoid continuous reselections.
Microcells can add localized capacity within Macro cell.
References
External links
Phone Signal Booster
Mobile telecommunications |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectometry | Dialectometry is the quantitative and computational branch of dialectology, the study of dialect. This sub-field of linguistics studies language variation using the methods of statistics; it arose in the 1970s and 80s as a result of seminal work by J. Séguy and Hans Goebl.
The research concentrates mainly on the regional distribution of dialect similarities, such as cores of dialect and overlapping zones, which can be labelled according to a more or less slight variance of dialect between bordering locations. However, analysis of dialect relationships cannot always be clearly depicted by cladistics, since there are often dialect continuum cases and also examples with elements of convergence, as well as division.
Language atlases serve as an empirical database which document the dialect profile of a large number of locations in detail. Different well-known numerical classification methodologies are used to abstract and visualise a basic pattern from the immense amount of data found in the language atlases.
Not one solid classification can be expected to result from the calculations; rather, different aspects of the basic pattern being searched for can be discovered by using the different methodologies. Principally speaking, there is more interest in the diversity of the taxometric methodologies, the results and the linguistic interpretations which can be made from them.
References
Further reading
Bauer, Roland. 2002-2003. Dolomitenladinische Ähnlichkeitsprofile aus dem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron%20%28disambiguation%29 | Neuron is one of the primary cell types in the nervous system.
Neuron may also refer to:
Artificial neuron is the basic unit in an artificial neural network
Neuron (synthesizer) is an electronic musical instrument
The Dassault nEUROn is a planned stealth unmanned combat air vehicle designed by a consortium of European countries
Neuron (journal) is a scientific journal publishing scholarly neuroscience articles
Neuron (software) is a simulation environment used in computational neuroscience for modeling individual neurons and networks of neurons
"Neurons", a song by Avey Tare from 7s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20N.%20Hatsopoulos | George Nicholas Hatsopoulos (January 7, 1927 – September 20, 2018) was a Greek American mechanical engineer noted for his work in thermodynamics and for having founded Thermo Electron.
Early life
Hatsopoulos was born in Athens, Greece in 1927 and is related to the former rector of the Athens Polytechnic School, Nicolas Kitsikis. He attended Athens Polytechnic before entering MIT, where he received his Bachelor and Master of Science (1950), Mechanical Engineer (1954), and Doctorate of Science (1956).
Hatsopoulos-Keenan reformulation of thermodynamics
In 1965, he and Joseph Keenan published their textbook Principles of General Thermodynamics, which restates the second law of thermodynamics in terms of the existence of stable equilibrium states. Their formulation of the second law of thermodynamics states that:
The Hatsopoulos-Keenan statement of the Second Law entails the Clausius, Kelvin-Planck, and Carathéodory statements of the Second Law, and has provided a basis to extend the traditional definition of entropy to the non-equilibrium domain.
In 1976, Hatsopoulos also contributed to a formulation of a unified theory of mechanics and thermodynamics, arguably a precursor of the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics.
Academic and industry leader
While at MIT, Hatsopoulos was head of the engineering division of Matrad Corporation of New York. Matrad Corporation and MIT also provided financial support for his doctoral thesis The Thermo-Electron Engine. Matrad Corporation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%27s%20equation | Black's Equation is a mathematical model for the mean time to failure (MTTF) of a semiconductor circuit due to electromigration: a phenomenon of molecular rearrangement (movement) in the solid phase caused by an electromagnetic field.
The equation is:
is a constant
is the current density
is a model parameter
is the activation energy
is Boltzmann's constant
is the absolute temperature in K
The model is abstract, not based on a specific physical model, but flexibly describes the failure rate dependence on the temperature, the electrical stress, and the specific technology and materials. More adequately described as descriptive than prescriptive, the values for A, n, and Q are found by fitting the model to experimental data.
The model's value is that it maps experimental data taken at elevated temperature and electrical stress levels in short periods of time to expected component failure rates under actual operating conditions. Experimental data is obtained by running a combination of high temperature operating life (HTOL), electrical, and any other relevant operating environment variables.
References
Electronic design automation
Electronics concepts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Woman%20in%20Me | The Woman in Me may refer to:
The Woman in Me (album), a 1995 album by Shania Twain
The Woman in Me (memoir), a memoir by American singer Britney Spears
"The Woman in Me" (Crystal Gayle song), 1981
"The Woman in Me" (Donna Summer song), 1982, covered by Heart in 1994
"The Woman in Me (Needs the Man in You)", a song from Shania Twain
See also
Woman in Me, a 1997 album by Louise, or its title track
"Woman in Me", a song by Jessica Simpson featuring Destiny's Child from the album Sweet Kisses, 1999 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20density | The potential density of a fluid parcel at pressure is the density that the parcel would acquire if adiabatically brought to a reference pressure , often 1 bar (100 kPa). Whereas density changes with changing pressure, potential density of a fluid parcel is conserved as the pressure experienced by the parcel changes (provided no mixing with other parcels or net heat flux occurs). The concept is used in oceanography and (to a lesser extent) atmospheric science.
Potential density is a dynamically important property: for static stability potential density must decrease upward. If it doesn't, a fluid parcel displaced upward finds itself lighter than its neighbors, and continues to move upward; similarly, a fluid parcel displaced downward would be heavier than its neighbors. This is true even if the density of the fluid decreases upward. In stable conditions (potential density decreasing upward) motion along surfaces of constant potential density (isopycnals) is energetically favored over flow across these surfaces (diapycnal flow), so most of the motion within a 3-D geophysical fluid takes place along these 2-D surfaces.
In oceanography, the symbol is used to denote potential density, with the reference pressure taken to be the pressure at the ocean surface. The corresponding potential density anomaly is denoted by kg/m3. Because the compressibility of seawater varies with salinity and temperature, the reference pressure must be chosen to be near the actual pressure to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20echo | In magnetic resonance, a spin echo or Hahn echo is the refocusing of spin magnetisation by a pulse of resonant electromagnetic radiation. Modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make use of this effect.
The NMR signal observed following an initial excitation pulse decays with time due to both spin relaxation and any inhomogeneous effects which cause spins in the sample to precess at different rates. The first of these, relaxation, leads to an irreversible loss of magnetisation. But the inhomogeneous dephasing can be removed by applying a 180° inversion pulse that inverts the magnetisation vectors. Examples of inhomogeneous effects include a magnetic field gradient and a distribution of chemical shifts. If the inversion pulse is applied after a period t of dephasing, the inhomogeneous evolution will rephase to form an echo at time 2t. In simple cases, the intensity of the echo relative to the initial signal is given by e–2t/T2 where T2 is the time constant for spin–spin relaxation. The echo time (TE) is the time between the excitation pulse and the peak of the signal.
Echo phenomena are important features of coherent spectroscopy which have been used in fields other than magnetic resonance including laser spectroscopy and neutron scattering.
History
Echoes were first detected in nuclear magnetic resonance by Erwin Hahn in 1950, and spin echoes are sometimes referred to as Hahn echoes. In nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resona |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Armstrong%20%28footballer%29 | Steven Craig Armstrong (born 23 May 1975) is an English former professional footballer, manager and academy recruitment manager Premier League side Crystal Palace.
As a player, he was a defender and midfielder from 1992 to 2012 and represented Nottingham Forest, Burnley, Bristol Rovers, Gillingham, Watford, Huddersfield Town, Sheffield Wednesday, Grimsby Town, Bradford City, Cheltenham Town, Burton Albion, Kidderminster Harriers, Mansfield Town, Forest Green Rovers, Boston United and Hucknall Town. In 2011, he briefly held the position of player-manager of Eastwood Town and later had a spell as manager of Quorn.
Playing career
Nottingham Forest
Born in South Shields, Armstrong started his career at Nottingham Forest in graduating from their youth system in 1992. Lack of first team action meant in December 1994 he moved on loan to Burnley. He made his debut for the Lancashire club in the 5–1 win over Southend United on 31 December 1994, playing in place of the injured Chris Vinnicombe. Armstrong appeared in three more league matches for Burnley before being recalled by Forest. In January 1996, he joined Bristol Rovers on another loan deal, again making four appearances. However, he was recalled a month later to play a further nine matches at Twerton Park. In October 1996, Armstrong was loaned to Gillingham for whom he played 13 matches as a defensive midfielder. In January 1997, he was loaned to Watford for a month, but his loan deal was cut short through injury. However, h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2200-meter%20band | The 2200-meter or 136 kHz band is the lowest frequency band in which amateur radio operators are licensed to transmit. It was formally allocated to amateurs at the 2007 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07). The band is available on a secondary basis in all ITU regions with the limitation that amateur stations have maximum radiated power of 1 watt effective isotropic radiated power.
The 2200-meter band is within the low frequency (LF) band, just below the 153–279 kHz longwave broadcast band.
History
The International Telecommunication Union's 2007 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07) in Geneva agreed a secondary allocation of 135.7–137.8 kHz to the Amateur Service on Friday 9 November 2007. Prior to the ITU formal allocation some countries did have access or predecessors. For example, in the UK, operation on the even lower frequency of 73 kHz had been allowed from 1996 until 2003. A small number of countries also have limited license-exempt use (LowFER).
International frequency allocation
A number of European countries have already allocated the 135.7–137.8 kHz band to amateur radio use based on CEPT / ERC Recommendation 62-01 E ("Use of the band 135.7–137.8 kHz by the Amateur Service", Mainz 1997). The allocation is on a secondary basis, with a maximum ERP of 1 W. Otherwise the band 130–148.5 kHz is allocated on a primary base to the Maritime Mobile Service and the Fixed Service. The main users are naval one-way transmissions and radio-location systems.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammotoxin | Grammotoxin is a toxin in the venom of the tarantula Grammostola spatulata. It is a protein toxin that inhibits P-, Q- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca 2+ channels) in neurons. Grammotoxin is also known as omega-grammotoxin SIA.
Chemistry
Grammotoxin is a 36 amino acid protein toxin, with the sequence Asp-Cys-Val-Arg-Phe-Trp-Gly-Lys-Cys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Ser-Asp-Cys-Cys-Pro-His-Leu-Ala-Cys-Lys-Ser-Lys-Trp-Pro-Arg-Asn-Ile-Cys-Val-Trp-Asp-Gly-Ser-Val (DCVRFWGKCSQTSDCCPHLACKSKWPRNICVWDGSV), and disulfide bridges between Cys2-Cys16, Cys9-Cys21 and Cys15-Cys30.
It forms an inhibitor cystine knot motif, common in spider toxins.
Its chemical formula is: C177H268N52O50S6
Grammotoxin can be purified from Grammostola spatulata venom by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.
Mode of action
The toxin binding site on the channels has high affinity for the toxins when they are closed and low affinity when channels are activated. As a result, the toxin preferentially binds to the closed channels. It binds at a region which contains the voltage-sensing domains. When bound, the toxin makes it more difficult for channels to be opened by depolarization, so much larger depolarizations are required for channel activation. Grammotoxin also binds to potassium channels but with lower affinity than to the calcium channels.
References
Neurotoxins
Ion channel toxins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupts%20in%2065xx%20processors | The 65xx family of microprocessors, consisting of the MOS Technology 6502 and its derivatives, the WDC 65C02, WDC 65C802 and WDC 65C816, and CSG 65CE02, all handle interrupts in a similar fashion. There are three hardware interrupt signals common to all 65xx processors and one software interrupt, the instruction. The WDC 65C816 adds a fourth hardware interrupt—, useful for implementing virtual memory architectures—and the software interrupt instruction (also present in the 65C802), intended for use in a system with a coprocessor of some type (e.g., a floating point processor).
Interrupt types
The hardware interrupt signals are all active low, and are as follows:
RESETa reset signal, level-triggered
NMIa non-maskable interrupt, edge-triggered
IRQa maskable interrupt, level-triggered
ABORTa special-purpose, non-maskable interrupt (65C816 only, see below), level-triggered
The detection of a signal causes the processor to enter a system initialization period of six clock cycles, after which it sets the interrupt request disable flag in the status register and loads the program counter with the values stored at the processor initialization vector (–) before commencing execution. If operating in native mode, the 65C816/65C802 are switched back to emulation mode and stay there until returned to native mode under software control.
The detection of an or signal, as well as the execution of a instruction, will cause the same overall sequence of events, which are, in order: |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisspeptin | Kisspeptins (including kisspeptin-54 (KP-54), formerly known as metastin) are proteins encoded by the KISS1 gene in humans. Kisspeptins are ligands of the G-protein coupled receptor, GPR54. Kiss1 was originally identified as a human metastasis suppressor gene that has the ability to suppress melanoma and breast cancer metastasis. Kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role in initiating secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at puberty, the extent of which is an area of ongoing research. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is released from the hypothalamus to act on the anterior pituitary triggering the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). These gonadotropic hormones lead to sexual maturation and gametogenesis. Disrupting GPR54 signaling can cause hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in rodents and humans. The Kiss1 gene is located on chromosome 1. It is transcribed in the brain, adrenal gland, and pancreas.
History
In 1996, Danny Welch's lab in Hershey, Pennsylvania, isolated a cDNA from a cancer cell that was not able to undergo metastasis after the human chromosome 6 was added to the cell. This gene was named KISS1 because of the location of where it was discovered (Hershey, Pennsylvania, home of Hershey's Kisses). Introduction of this chromosome into the once active cancer cell inhibited it from spreading and the cDNA responsible was taken from that cell. The fact that KISS1 was responsible for this was proved when it w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPG | IPG may refer to:
Immobilized pH gradient, a method used in isoelectric focusing
Impedance phlebography, a medical test
Implanted pulse generator (neurostimulator), a battery-powered device designed to deliver electrical stimulation to the brain
Independent Publishers Group, a book distributor
Interactive program guide, another name for an electronic program guide, a graphical user interface for cable TV boxes, satellite TV boxes, VCRs, DVRs and televisions which displays programming information
Internet Press Guild an invitation-only group of journalists, editors and industry analysts
Interpacket gap (interframe gap), a networking term describing a part of total latency on a link
The Interpublic Group of Companies, a marketing and communications group
Intertape Polymer Group, a packaging products manufacturer
IPG Photonics, a fiber laser manufacturer
iPod games file extension |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamed%20Behdad | Hamed Behdad (; born November 17, 1973) is an Iranian actor and singer. He has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, a Hafez Award, an Iran Cinema Celebration Award and two Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Awards. He has won the Golden Goblet Award for Best Actor at the 2019 Shanghai International Film Festival for his role in Castle of Dreams (2019).
Early life
Hamed Behdad was born on 17 November 1973 in Mashhad, Iran. He has lived his childhood and youth in Mashhad, Tehran, and Nishabur in a row.
Behdad has returned to his hometown, Mashhad, again with his family when he was a high school freshman. He holds a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts Acting from Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran.
Career
Behdad was first introduced to Iran's Cinema with the movie, End of Game. He was then, nominated for Crystal Simorgh in the Fajr Film Festival for the Best First Actor for this movie.
In continue, he has been performing many memorable strong supporting roles in Iran's Cinema.
Behdad played as an Iraqi army officer in the movie Third Day in 2006. In this role, he is falling in love with an Iranian girl who lived in Khoramshahr, where it was in the siege of Iraq at that time. He again, for the second time, was nominated for Crystal Simorgh award in 25th Fajr Film Festival. He played his role in this movie that impressive that it drew a lot of attention from everyone of the contemporaneous filmmakers and critics.
Behdad's success in movie No |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostatic%20plasticity | In neuroscience, homeostatic plasticity refers to the capacity of neurons to regulate their own excitability relative to network activity. The term homeostatic plasticity derives from two opposing concepts: 'homeostatic' (a product of the Greek words for 'same' and 'state' or 'condition') and plasticity (or 'change'), thus homeostatic plasticity means "staying the same through change".
Comparison with Hebbian plasticity
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a means of maintaining the synaptic basis for learning, respiration, and locomotion, in contrast to the Hebbian plasticity associated with learning and memory. Although Hebbian forms of plasticity, such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression occur rapidly, homeostatic plasticity (which relies on protein synthesis) can take hours or days. TNF-α and microRNAs are important mediators of homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
Homeostatic plasticity is thought to balance Hebbian plasticity by modulating the activity of the synapse or the properties of ion channels. Homeostatic plasticity in neocortical circuits has been studied in depth by Gina G. Turrigiano and Sacha Nelson of Brandeis University, who first observed compensatory changes in excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) after chronic activity manipulations.
Mechanism
Synaptic scaling has been proposed as a potential mechanism of homeostatic plasticity. Homeostatic plasticity can be used to describe a process that maintains the stability of neuronal functi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Markov%20chain | In mathematics, the quantum Markov chain is a reformulation of the ideas of a classical Markov chain, replacing the classical definitions of probability with quantum probability.
Introduction
Very roughly, the theory of a quantum Markov chain resembles that of a measure-many automaton, with some important substitutions: the initial state is to be replaced by a density matrix, and the projection operators are to be replaced by positive operator valued measures.
Formal statement
More precisely, a quantum Markov chain is a pair with a density matrix and a quantum channel such that
is a completely positive trace-preserving map, and a C*-algebra of bounded operators. The pair must obey the quantum Markov condition, that
for all .
See also
Quantum walk
References
Gudder, Stanley. "Quantum Markov chains." Journal of Mathematical Physics 49.7 (2008): 072105.
Exotic probabilities
Quantum information science
Markov models |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lund%20v.%20Commonwealth | Lund v. Commonwealth (Va. 1977) 232 S.E.2d 745 is a Supreme Court of Virginia case involving theft of services.
Facts
Charles Walter Lund was a statistics graduate student at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. While working on his Ph.D. research in the 1970s, Lund utilized the resources of Virginia Tech's computer lab.
The workings of the lab were complex. The computers were leased from IBM computers and the cost was distributed through various departments that used the computer facilities. Student who wished to use the computers were required to obtain the approval of the department head. Access keys were required to gain access to the lab, and a key was required to use PO boxes used to receive materials printed out on the computers. The student would ask for an item to be printed. The department would print the item and it would be placed in the PO box for retrieval. If the printed projects were too large to fit in the PO box a note would be placed there instead so the student could pick it up at the computer center main window.
Lund was put under surveillance on October 12, 1974, because departments were noticing unauthorized charges being made to their accounts. When asked about his activities on the computers, Lund initially denied any use of the computers. Later he admitted that he had been using it and turned over seven PO box keys to the investigator. Mr. Lund claimed that other students had given him those keys. Upon searching Lund's apart |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C4%B1yaman%20Airport | Adıyaman Airport is an airport located at Adıyaman, Adıyaman Province, Turkey.
Airlines and destinations
Traffic Statistics
(*)Source: DHMI.gov.tr
The airport was closed for runway works for part of 2011.
References
External links
Airports in Turkey
Buildings and structures in Adıyaman Province
Transport in Adıyaman Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20214 | The Bell 214 is a medium-lift helicopter derived from Bell Helicopter's ubiquitous UH-1 Huey series. The Bell 214ST shares the same model number, but is a larger, much-modified twin-engine derivative.
Design and development
The original development of the Model 214 was announced by Bell in 1970 under the name "Huey Plus". The first prototype was based on a Bell 205 airframe equipped with a Lycoming T53-L-702 engine of 1,900 shp.
The first Bell 214A demonstration prototype followed and was evaluated in Iran during field exercises with the Imperial Iranian Armed Forces. The trial was judged successful and an order for 287 214A helicopters followed. The intention was that these aircraft would be constructed by Bell in their Dallas-Fort Worth facility and that a further 50 214As and 350 Bell 214ST helicopters would then be built in Iran. In the event, 296 214A and 39 214C variants were delivered, before the Iranian Revolution in 1979 ended the plans for Iranian production.
Similar in size and appearance to the Bell 205 and Bell 212, the Bell 214 uses a single, more powerful Lycoming LTC4B-8 engine (2,930 shp; 2,185 kW) and upgraded rotor system, giving it a high lifting capacity and good performance at high temperatures and high altitudes. It can be identified by the single large exhaust duct and wide chord rotor blades without stabilizer bars.
Bell offered the Bell 214B "BigLifter" for civil use. It received certification in 1976. The 214B was produced until 1981. Powered |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient%20enhanced%20NMR%20spectroscopy | Gradient enhanced NMR is a method for obtaining high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra without the need for phase cycling. Gradient methodology is used extensively for two purposes, either rephasing (selection) or dephasing (elimination) of a particular magnetization transfer pathway. It includes the application of magnetic field gradient pulses to select specific coherences. By using actively shielded gradients, a gradient pulse is applied during the evolution period of the selected coherence to dephase the transverse magnetization and another gradient pulse refocuses the desired coherences remaining during the acquisition period.
Advantages
Significant reduction in measuring time
Reduced T1 artifacts
Elimination of phase cycling and difference methods
Possibility for three and four-quantum editing
The ability to detect resonances at the same chemical shift as a strong solvent resonance
Drawbacks
A need for field-frequency-lock blanking during long runs.
Examples
Selection of transverse magnetization (Ix, Sx, Iy etc.):
(+)gradient 180°(x) (+)gradient
Suppression of transverse magnetization (Ix, Sx, Iy etc.):
(+)gradient 180°(x) (-)gradient
References
*Ralph E. Hurd, Gradient-Enhanced Spectroscopy, Journal of magnetic resonance. 87, 422-428 (1990)
Nuclear magnetic resonance |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Squire%27s%20Crystal | The Squire's Crystal is a novel by Jacqueline Rayner, featuring Bernice Summerfield, a character from the spin-off media based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
External links
Big Finish Productions - Bernice Summerfield: The Squire's Crystal
2001 British novels
Bernice Summerfield novels
British science fiction novels
Novels by Jacqueline Rayner |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded%20bed%20adsorption | Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a preparative chromatographic technique which makes processing of viscous and particulate liquids possible.
Principle
The protein binding principles in EBA are the same as in classical column chromatography and the common ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and affinity chromatography ligands can be used. After the adsorption step is complete, the fluidized bed is washed to flush out any remaining particulates. Elution of the adsorbed proteins was commonly performed with the eluent flow in the reverse direction; that is, as a conventional packed bed, in order to recover the adsorbed solutes in a smaller volume of eluent. However, a new generation of EBA columns has been developed, which maintain the bed in the expanded state during this phase, producing high-purity, high yields of e.g. MAbs [monoclonal antibodies] in even smaller volumes of eluent. Process duration at manufacturing scale has also been cut considerably (under 7 hours in some cases).
EBA may be considered to combine both the "Removal of Insolubles" and the "Isolation" steps of the 4-step downstream processing heuristic. The major limitations associated with EBA technology is biomass interactions and aggregations onto adsorbent during processing.
Where classical column chromatography uses a solid phase made by a packed bed, EBA uses particles in a fluidized state, ideally expanded by a factor of 2. Expanded bed adsorption is, however, different from fluidised bed chromatogra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsed%20field%20gradient | A pulsed field gradient is a short, timed pulse with spatial-dependent field intensity. Any gradient is identified by four characteristics: axis, strength, shape and duration.
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) techniques are key to magnetic resonance imaging, spatially selective spectroscopy and studies of diffusion via diffusion ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY). PFG techniques are widely used as an alternative to phase cycling in modern NMR spectroscopy.
Common field gradients in NMR
The effect of a uniform magnetic field gradient in the z-direction on spin I, is considered to be a rotation around z-axis by an angle = γIGz; where Gz is the gradient magnitude (along the z-direction) and γI is the gyromagnetic ratio of spin I. It introduces a phase factor to the magnetizations:
Φ (z,τ) = (γI)(Gz)(τ)
The time duration τ is in the order of milliseconds.
See also
Gradient enhanced NMR spectroscopy
References
Nuclear magnetic resonance |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rprop | Rprop, short for resilient backpropagation, is a learning heuristic for supervised learning in feedforward artificial neural networks. This is a first-order optimization algorithm. This algorithm was created by Martin Riedmiller and Heinrich Braun in 1992.
Similarly to the Manhattan update rule, Rprop takes into account only the sign of the partial derivative over all patterns (not the magnitude), and acts independently on each "weight". For each weight, if there was a sign change of the partial derivative of the total error function compared to the last iteration, the update value for that weight is multiplied by a factor η−, where η− < 1. If the last iteration produced the same sign, the update value is multiplied by a factor of η+, where η+ > 1. The update values are calculated for each weight in the above manner, and finally each weight is changed by its own update value, in the opposite direction of that weight's partial derivative, so as to minimise the total error function. η+ is empirically set to 1.2 and η− to 0.5.
Rprop can result in very large weight increments or decrements if the gradients are large, which is a problem when using mini-batches as opposed to full batches. RMSprop addresses this problem by keeping the moving average of the squared gradients for each weight and dividing the gradient by the square root of the mean square.
RPROP is a batch update algorithm. Next to the cascade correlation algorithm and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, Rprop is o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeu%20%28footballer%29 | Romeu Pereira dos Santos (born 13 February 1985), known as Romeu, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who last played as a defensive midfielder for Greek club Levadiakos.
Career statistics
(correct as of 1 October 2013)
Honours
Club
Fluminense
Copa do Brasil: 2007
External links
CBF
sambafoot
zerozero.pt
1985 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Fluminense FC players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
Levadiakos F.C. players
Panthrakikos F.C. players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Super League Greece players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Footballers from Bahia
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benshaw | Benshaw is a company that specializes in solid state reduced voltage electric motor controls, motor protection and variable frequency drives. Benshaw manufactures and engineers motor controls from 208 V through 15 kV, with horsepower ranges from fractional to .
History
Benshaw was incorporated in 1974 as a small sideline for four men: Bob Schaltenbrand, Rich Benko, Pramodh Nijawan and Louis Posa. The name "Benshaw" came from Benko and Schaltenbrand. The men planned to work part-time until the company was able to financially support each of them. During its early years, most of the company's efforts were in panel manufacturing and sub-assembly. After a time, the men parted ways following different career paths. Benshaw Inc. was left to Bob Schaltenbrand alone.
Bob Schaltenbrand worked for a number of companies, but was unfulfilled and had ideas of his own. In 1979 Bob and Sandy Schaltenbrand were approached by Saftronics Ltd. in Canada to start Saftronics Inc. in the United States. The Schaltenbrands would own 40% of the company and operate the motor control manufacturing company in the United States. Within a year, the operation was moved out of their home and a couple of employees were hired. Operational and technical problems arose which ended the Schaltenbrand-Saftronics business relationship.
In 1983 Bob Schaltenbrand revitalized Benshaw, Inc. as a manufacturer of solid state motor controls.
After developing a strong business relationship with Ron Vines in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generating%20function%20%28physics%29 | In physics, and more specifically in Hamiltonian mechanics, a generating function is, loosely, a function whose partial derivatives generate the differential equations that determine a system's dynamics. Common examples are the partition function of statistical mechanics, the Hamiltonian, and the function which acts as a bridge between two sets of canonical variables when performing a canonical transformation.
In canonical transformations
There are four basic generating functions, summarized by the following table:
Example
Sometimes a given Hamiltonian can be turned into one that looks like the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, which is
For example, with the Hamiltonian
where p is the generalized momentum and q is the generalized coordinate, a good canonical transformation to choose would be
This turns the Hamiltonian into
which is in the form of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian.
The generating function F for this transformation is of the third kind,
To find F explicitly, use the equation for its derivative from the table above,
and substitute the expression for P from equation (), expressed in terms of p and Q:
Integrating this with respect to Q results in an equation for the generating function of the transformation given by equation ():
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|
|}
To confirm that this is the correct generating function, verify that it matches ():
See also
Hamilton–Jacobi equation
Poisson bracket
References
Further reading
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be-Bop-a-Lula | "Be-Bop-a-Lula" is a rockabilly song first recorded in 1956 by Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps.
Origins of the song
The writing of the song is credited to Gene Vincent and his manager, Bill "Sheriff Tex" Davis. Evidently the song originated in 1955, when Vincent was recuperating from a motorcycle accident at the US Naval Hospital in Portsmouth, Virginia. There, he met Donald Graves, who supposedly wrote the words to the song while Vincent wrote the tune. The song came to the attention of Davis, who allegedly bought out Graves' rights to the song for some $50 (sources vary as to the exact amount), and had himself credited as the lyric writer. Davis claimed that he wrote the song with Gene Vincent after listening to the song "Don't Bring Lulu". Vincent himself sometimes claimed that he wrote the words inspired by the comic strip, "Little Lulu": "I come in dead drunk and stumble over the bed. And me and Don Graves were looking at this bloody book; it was called Little Lulu. And I said, "Hell, man, it's 'Be-Bop-a-Lulu.' And he said, 'Yeah, man, swinging.' And we wrote this song."
The phrase "Be-Bop-a-Lula" is similar to "Be-Baba-Leba", the title of a No. 3 R&B chart hit for Helen Humes in 1945, which became a bigger hit when recorded by Lionel Hampton as "Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop." This phrase, or something very similar, was widely used in jazz circles in the 1940s, giving its name to the bebop style, and possibly being ultimately derived from the shout of "Arriba! Arriba!" used by Lat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern%20search | Pattern search may refer to:
Pattern search (optimization)
Pattern recognition (computing)
Pattern recognition (psychology)
Pattern mining
String searching algorithm
Fuzzy string searching
Bitap algorithm
K-optimal pattern discovery
Nearest neighbor search
Eyeball search |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerized%20classification%20test | A computerized classification test (CCT) refers to, as its name would suggest, a Performance Appraisal System that is administered by computer for the purpose of classifying examinees. The most common CCT is a mastery test where the test classifies examinees as "Pass" or "Fail," but the term also includes tests that classify examinees into more than two categories. While the term may generally be considered to refer to all computer-administered tests for classification, it is usually used to refer to tests that are interactively administered or of variable-length, similar to computerized adaptive testing (CAT). Like CAT, variable-length CCTs can accomplish the goal of the test (accurate classification) with a fraction of the number of items used in a conventional fixed-form test.
A CCT requires several components:
An item bank calibrated with a psychometric model selected by the test designer
A starting point
An item selection algorithm
A termination criterion and scoring procedure
The starting point is not a topic of contention; research on CCT primarily investigates the application of different methods for the other three components. Note: The termination criterion and scoring procedure are separate in CAT, but the same in CCT because the test is terminated when a classification is made. Therefore, there are five components that must be specified to design a CAT.
An introduction to CCT is found in Thompson (2007) and a book by Parshall, Spray, Kalohn and Davey |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush%20discharge | A brush discharge is an electrical disruptive discharge similar to a corona discharge that takes place at an electrode with a high voltage applied to it, embedded in a nonconducting fluid, usually air. It is characterized by numerous luminous writhing sparks, plasma streamers composed of ionized air molecules, which repeatedly strike out from the electrode into the air, often with a crackling sound. The streamers spread out in a fan shape, giving it the appearance of a "brush".
Corona and brush discharges are sometimes called one-electrode discharges because they occur in the vicinity of a single electrode, and don't extend as far as the electrode carrying opposite polarity voltage in the circuit, as an electric arc (a two-electrode discharge) does.
Corona discharge — occurs at sharp points and edges (radius < 1 mm). It is a uniform ionization (glow discharge) visible as a dim stationary blue glow, fading out as it extends from the conductor.
Brush discharge — occurs at a curved electrode (radius between 5 and 50 mm) in the vicinity of a flat electrode. It consists of a short ionization channel which breaks up into a fan of multiple moving streamers which strike toward the other electrode. If the electrode is too sharp, a corona discharge will usually occur instead of a brush discharge.
Arc or spark discharge — A "two electrode" discharge that occurs when an ionized channel extends all the way from one electrode to the other. This allows a large current to flow, relea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAP | DNAP may refer to:
DNA polymerase, a class of enzymes
DnaP, a bacterial DNA replication enzyme
Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice, an academic degree
Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific, a subsidiary of Dyno Nobel
DNA Plant Technology (stock exchange abbreviation: DNAP), an American company
Deutschnational Arbeiterband, one of the a Weimar political parties |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Alembert%E2%80%93Euler%20condition | In mathematics and physics, especially the study of mechanics and fluid dynamics, the d'Alembert-Euler condition is a requirement that the streaklines of a flow are irrotational. Let x = x(X,t) be the coordinates of the point x into which X is carried at time t by a (fluid) flow. Let be the second material derivative of x. Then the d'Alembert-Euler condition is:
The d'Alembert-Euler condition is named for Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Leonhard Euler who independently first described its use in the mid-18th century. It is not to be confused with the Cauchy–Riemann conditions.
References
See sections 45–48.
d'Alembert–Euler conditions on the Springer Encyclopedia of Mathematics
Fluid mechanics
Mechanical engineering
Vector calculus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic%20cascade | Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems, occurring when a trophic level in a food web is suppressed. For example, a top-down cascade will occur if predators are effective enough in predation to reduce the abundance, or alter the behavior of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation (or herbivory if the intermediate trophic level is a herbivore).
The trophic cascade is an ecological concept which has stimulated new research in many areas of ecology. For example, it can be important for understanding the knock-on effects of removing top predators from food webs, as humans have done in many places through hunting and fishing.
A top-down cascade is a trophic cascade where the top consumer/predator controls the primary consumer population. In turn, the primary producer population thrives. The removal of the top predator can alter the food web dynamics. In this case, the primary consumers would overpopulate and exploit the primary producers. Eventually there would not be enough primary producers to sustain the consumer population. Top-down food web stability depends on competition and predation in the higher trophic levels. Invasive species can also alter this cascade by removing or becoming a top predator. This interaction may not always be negative. Studies have shown that certain invasive species have begun to shift cascades; and as a consequence, ecosystem degradation has been repaired.
For exampl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapley%E2%80%93Sawyer%20Concentration%20Class | The Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is a classification system on a scale of one to twelve using Roman numerals for globular clusters according to their concentration. The most highly concentrated clusters such as M75 are classified as Class I, with successively diminishing concentrations ranging to Class XII, such as Palomar 12. (The class is sometimes given with numbers [Class 1–12] rather than with Roman numerals.)
History
From 1927–1929, Harlow Shapley and Helen Sawyer Hogg began categorizing clusters according to the degree of concentration the system has toward the core using this scale. This became known as the Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class.
Classes
References
Astronomical classification systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamline%20diffusion | Streamline diffusion, given an advection-diffusion equation, refers to all diffusion going on along the advection direction.
References
Diffusion |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%20columns | Anal columns (Columns of Morgagni or less commonly Morgagni's columns) are a number of vertical folds, produced by an infolding of the mucous membrane and some of the muscular tissue in the upper half of the lumen of the anal canal. They are named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni, who has several other eponyms named after him.
References
External links
— "The Female Pelvis: The Rectum"
()
Digestive system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85smund%20Fr%C3%A6gdegjevar | Åsmund Frægdegjevar is a medieval Norwegian legend and ballad (classification: TSB E 145) with several variations all detailing the adventures of a hero by the same name who is hired by the king to rescue a princess. It is based on a fornaldarsaga.
Summary
The story starts as many fairytales do: the fair princess has been captured and imprisoned in a faraway castle, and the King commissions a hero, in this case Åsmund, to rescue her. He and his brothers take the King's flagship Ormin Lange to the castle of the ogre Skomegyvri, where the princess is imprisoned. However, his brothers will not enter with him, so he goes alone.
He finds the princess with relative ease walking through the castle, and immediately falls in love with her. But she is under a spell of the ogre, and believing that Skomegyvri is her mother, will not leave with him. He then takes her by force.
On his way out, the ogre appears. They fight a long battle both physically and with curses and spells, but Åsmund eventually kills Skomegyvri. The princess being free from the spell, they plunder the castle and return home with all the ogre's treasure.
Parallels
The ballad tells a similar story to an Icelandic saga (Ásmundar saga flagðagæfu, extant only as the fragmentary Ásmundar rímur flagðagæfu), where the hero is known as Ásmundur Flagðagæfa.
Recordings
Åsmund Frægdegjevar by Lumsk is a concept album based on the ballad.
Jan Inge Rasmussen recount the ballad in his version of the song "Åsmund Frægdegjæva" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20delay%20diversity | Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) is a diversity scheme used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems, transforming spatial diversity into frequency diversity and thus avoiding intersymbol interference.
CDD was introduced in 2001 and can gain frequency diversity at the receiver without changing the SISO receiver structure.
The idea of CDD for OFDM had previously also been submitted as a patent application in September 2000.
References
Louay M.A. Jalloul and Sam. P. Alex, "Evaluation Methodology and Performance of an IEEE 802.16e System", Presented to the IEEE Communications and Signal Processing Society, Orange County Joint Chapter (ComSig), December 7, 2006. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20110414143801/http://chapters.comsoc.org/comsig/meet.html
A. Dammann and S. Kaiser. Performance of low complex antenna diversity techniques for mobile OFDM systems. In Proceedings 3rd International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum & Related Topics (MC-SS 2001), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, pages 53–64, Sept. 2001. .
P. Larsson, US-6842487 B1, WO/2002/025857, "Cyclic Delay Diversity for Mitigating ISI in OFDM systems", filed 22 September 2000 First filed patent application, PCT Biblio. data from WIPO.
See also
OFDM
diversity scheme
Radio resource management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested%20sampling%20algorithm | The nested sampling algorithm is a computational approach to the Bayesian statistics problems of comparing models and generating samples from posterior distributions. It was developed in 2004 by physicist John Skilling.
Background
Bayes' theorem can be applied to a pair of competing models and for data , one of which may be true (though which one is unknown) but which both cannot be true simultaneously. The posterior probability for may be calculated as:
The prior probabilities and are already known, as they are chosen by the researcher ahead of time. However, the remaining Bayes factor is not so easy to evaluate, since in general it requires marginalizing nuisance parameters. Generally, has a set of parameters that can be grouped together and called , and has its own vector of parameters that may be of different dimensionality, but is still termed . The marginalization for is
and likewise for . This integral is often analytically intractable, and in these cases it is necessary to employ a numerical algorithm to find an approximation. The nested sampling algorithm was developed by John Skilling specifically to approximate these marginalization integrals, and it has the added benefit of generating samples from the posterior distribution . It is an alternative to methods from the Bayesian literature such as bridge sampling and defensive importance sampling.
Here is a simple version of the nested sampling algorithm, followed by a description of how it compute |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber%20Mirghorbani | Seyed Saber Mirghorbani (, born September 17, 1983, in Babolsar, Iran) is an Iranian football player.
Club career
Club career statistics
Assist Goals
International career
Saber Mirghorbani was called up to the Iran national football team in June 2007 for the West Asian Football Federation Championship 2007. He made his debut for Iran in a match vs Palestine.
References
External links
Iranian men's footballers
Iran men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Sanat Mes Kerman F.C. players
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
People from Babolsar
1983 births
Living people
PAS Hamedan F.C. players
Fajr Sepasi Shiraz F.C. players
Saipa F.C. players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Azadegan League players
Footballers from Mazandaran province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HaeIII | HaeIII is one of many restriction enzymes (endonucleases) a type of prokaryotic DNA that protects organisms from unknown, foreign DNA. It is a restriction enzyme used in molecular biology laboratories. It was the third endonuclease to be isolated from the Haemophilus aegyptius bacteria. The enzyme's recognition site—the place where it cuts DNA molecules—is the GGCC nucleotide sequence which means it cleaves DNA at the site 5′-GG/CC-3. The recognition site is usually around 4-8 bps.This enzyme's gene has been sequenced and cloned. This is done to make DNA fragments in blunt ends. HaeIII is not effective for single stranded DNA cleavage.
Properties
HaeIII has a molecular weight of 37126. After a 2-10-fold of HaeIII takes place, there is overdigestion of a DNA substrate. This results in 100% being cut, more than 50% of fragments being ligated, and more than 95% being recut. Heat inactivation comes at about 80 °C for 20 minutes. The locus of the HaeIII enzyme is on AF05137, and is linear with 957 base pairs.
History
HaeIII along with other restriction enzymes were discovered in 1970 by Werner Arber and Matthew Meselson. The HaeIII methyltransferase also known as MTase gene from Haemophilus aegyptius (recognition sequence: 5′-GGCC-3′) was made into Escherichia coli (E.coli) in the plasmid vector pBR322. The gene was extracted from a single EcoRI fragment and a single HindIII enzyme fragment. Clones carrying additional adjacent fragments were found to code for the HaeIII restrict |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk%20%28magazine%29 | Risk magazine provides news and analysis covering the financial industry, with a particular focus on risk management, derivatives and complex finance. It includes articles and papers on credit risk, market risk, risk systems, swap option pricing, derivatives risk and pricing, regulation and asset management. Articles include news, features, comment, analysis and mathematical papers. Risk has a tradition of covers featuring pieces of abstract modern art.
The magazine was founded by Peter Field in 1987. It was owned by Risk Waters Group, then acquired by Incisive Media, and is now owned by Infopro Digital. Editors include: Helen Bartholomew, Philip Alexander, Lukas Becker, Rob Mannix, Tom Osborn and Mauro Cesa, with Kris Devasabai as editor-in-chief. The editorial director is Duncan Wood.
Risk magazine has a sister publication – Asia Risk – focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.
Risk also runs industry-specific events, including the annual Risk awards, and has an extensive global conferences and training program. In 2003, Risk magazine launched a financial risk management website that provides news updates as a digital subscription.
The final print edition of Risk magazine was published in June 2022. The magazine now exists in digital form, via website and app.
Risk.net
Risk.net is a news and analysis website covering the financial industry, with a particular focus on regulation, derivatives, risk management asset management and commodities. Risk.net publishes on widely re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subacute%20thyroiditis | Subacute thyroiditis refers to a temporal classification of the different forms of thyroiditis based on onset of symptoms. The temporal classification of thyroiditis includes presentation of symptoms in an acute, subacute, or chronic manner. There are also other classification systems for thyroiditis based on factors such as clinical symptoms and underlying etiology.
Broadly, there are three categories of thyroiditis that can present in a subacute fashion, including subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis, and drug-induced thyroiditis. In all three categories, there is inflammation of the thyroid gland causing damage to the thyroid follicular cells which produce and secrete thyroid hormone. This often results in three phases of thyroid dysfunction beginning with initial thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism before resolution back to normal thyroid function. In the thyrotoxic stage, individuals usually complain of fever, myalgia, and may have associated anterior neck pain among other symptoms. In the hypothyroid stage, they may be asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms. In most cases, the thyroid dysfunction is transient and people recover with symptomatic treatment.
Etiology
Among the different classification systems for thyroiditis, the onset of symptoms can be used to classify thyroiditis as acute, subacute, or chronic. The three types of thyroiditis that can occur in a subacute manner include subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, subacut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%27s%20Makin%27%20Changes%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Best%20of%20Tesla | Time's Makin' Changes – The Best of Tesla is the first greatest hits album for the rock band Tesla. It includes songs from their first four studio albums, Mechanical Resonance, The Great Radio Controversy, Psychotic Supper, and Bust a Nut, as well as their first live album, Five Man Acoustical Jam as well as one new song, "Steppin' Over".
Track listing
"Modern Day Cowboy" – 5:18 (From Mechanical Resonance)
"Gettin' Better" – 3:20 (From Mechanical Resonance)
"Little Suzi" – 4:02 (From Mechanical Resonance)
"Heaven's Trail (No Way Out)" – 4:33 (From The Great Radio Controversy)
"The Way It Is" – 5:09 (From The Great Radio Controversy)
"Love Song" – 5:21 (From The Great Radio Controversy)
"Signs" – 3:14 (Live) (From Five Man Acoustical Jam)
"Paradise" – 5:09 (Live) (From Five Man Acoustical Jam)
"Edison's Medicine" – 4:48 (From Psychotic Supper)
"Song & Emotion" – 5:55 (From Psychotic Supper)
"What You Give" – 7:18 (From Psychotic Supper)
"Mama's Fool" – 6:11 (From Bust a Nut)
"A lot to Lose" – 5:11 (From Bust a Nut)
"Steppin' Over" (Hannon, Keith, Luccketta, Wheat) – 4:22 (Previously unreleased)
"Changes" – 5:03 (From Mechanical Resonance)
Charts
Album
Singles
Certifications
References
1995 greatest hits albums
Geffen Records compilation albums
Tesla (band) compilation albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fab%C3%A3o%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201976%29 | José Fábio Alves Azevedo (born June 15, 1976 in Vera Cruz), or simply Fabão, is a Brazilian centre back currently playing for Sobradinho.
Club statistics
Honors
Club
FIFA Club World Cup: 2005
Copa Libertadores: 2005
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2006
J. League: 2007
Individual
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year: 2006
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Paraná Clube players
Esporte Clube Bahia players
CR Flamengo footballers
Real Betis players
Córdoba CF players
Goiás Esporte Clube players
São Paulo FC players
Kashima Antlers players
Santos FC players
Guarani FC players
Henan F.C. players
Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto) players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Segunda División players
J1 League players
Copa Libertadores-winning players
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in China
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Chinese Super League players
People from Vera Cruz, Bahia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20Resonance%20%28album%29 | Mechanical Resonance is the debut studio album by the American hard rock band Tesla. It was released on December 8, 1986, by Geffen Records.
The album peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard 200 on April 3, 1987, and was certified platinum by the RIAA on October 5, 1989.
Track listing
Personnel
Band members
Jeff Keith – lead vocals
Frank Hannon – acoustic & electric guitars, keyboards, mandolin, backing vocals
Tommy Skeoch – acoustic & electric guitars, backing vocals
Brian Wheat – bass, backing vocals
Troy Luccketta – drums, percussion
Production
Steve Thompson – producer
Michael Barbiero – producer, engineer
Michael Beyer – engineer and mixing on "Little Suzi" acoustic intro
George Marino – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Singles
Certifications
Accolades
See also
List of glam metal albums and songs
References
1986 debut albums
Tesla (band) albums
Geffen Records albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ppc64 | ppc64 is an identifier commonly used within the Linux, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and LLVM open-source software communities to refer to the target architecture for applications optimized for 64-bit big-endian PowerPC and Power ISA processors.
ppc64le is a pure little-endian mode that has been introduced with the POWER8 as the prime target for technologies provided by the OpenPOWER Foundation, aiming at enabling porting of the x86 Linux-based software with minimal effort.
Details
These two identifiers are frequently used when compiling source code to identify the target architecture.
64-bit Power and PowerPC processors are the following:
PowerPC 620
RS64 – Apache, RS64-II Northstar, RS64-III Pulsar/IStar, and RS64-IV SStar
POWER3 and POWER3-II
POWER4 and POWER4+
PowerPC 970, 970FX, 970MP and 970GX
POWER5 and POWER5+
PPE in Cell BE, PowerXCell 8i and Xenon.
PWRficient
POWER6 and POWER6+
POWER7 and POWER7+
A2, A2I (used in the Blue Gene/Q) and A2O
PowerPC e5500 core based
PowerPC e6500 core based
POWER8 – P8-6c Murano, P8-12c Turismo and Venice, P8E (with NVLink) and CP1
POWER9 – P9C Cumulus, P9N Nimbus and P9 AIO Axone
Power10
Microwatt, open source soft core
Chiselwatt, open source soft core
Defunct 64-bit PowerPC processors are the Motorola G5 and PowerPC e700.
References
External links
Linux Standard Base Specification for the PPC64 Architecture 2.1, 2003
Computer-related introductions in 1997
64-bit computers
PowerPC microprocessors
Instructi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential%20probability%20ratio%20test | The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is a specific sequential hypothesis test, developed by Abraham Wald and later proven to be optimal by Wald and Jacob Wolfowitz. Neyman and Pearson's 1933 result inspired Wald to reformulate it as a sequential analysis problem. The Neyman-Pearson lemma, by contrast, offers a rule of thumb for when all the data is collected (and its likelihood ratio known).
While originally developed for use in quality control studies in the realm of manufacturing, SPRT has been formulated for use in the computerized testing of human examinees as a termination criterion.
Theory
As in classical hypothesis testing, SPRT starts with a pair of hypotheses, say and for the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis respectively. They must be specified as follows:
The next step is to calculate the cumulative sum of the log-likelihood ratio, , as new data arrive: with , then, for =1,2,...,
The stopping rule is a simple thresholding scheme:
: continue monitoring (critical inequality)
: Accept
: Accept
where and () depend on the desired type I and type II errors, and . They may be chosen as follows:
and
In other words, and must be decided beforehand in order to set the thresholds appropriately. The numerical value will depend on the application. The reason for being only an approximation is that, in the discrete case, the signal may cross the threshold between samples. Thus, depending on the penalty of making an error and the sampling fre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUN%20buffer | NUN buffer is a solution that makes it possible to purify proteins located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Although other procedures are available they result in loss of albumin D-box binding protein (DBP) which is unwanted if nuclear signal pathways are to be investigated. Therefore, a new extraction procedure was developed in 1993 to increase recovery of nonhistone proteins using a (NUN) solution containing 0.3 M NaCl, 1 M urea, and 1% nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40, which destabilize salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, respectively; resulting in a disruption of interaction between proteins and DNA. By incubating nuclei in NUN buffer and centrifuging the solution, the supernatant will therefore contain nuclear proteins.
NUN buffer contains: HEPES [pH 7.6], Urea, NaCl, DDT, PIC 1 & 2, 1.1% NP-40, Sodium orthovanadate, β-glycerol phosphate and water.
References
Cell biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive%20medicine | Predictive medicine is a field of medicine that entails predicting the probability of disease and instituting preventive measures in order to either prevent the disease altogether or significantly decrease its impact upon the patient (such as by preventing mortality or limiting morbidity).
While different prediction methodologies exist, such as genomics, proteomics, and cytomics, the most fundamental way to predict future disease is based on genetics. Although proteomics and cytomics allow for the early detection of disease, much of the time those detect biological markers that exist because a disease process has already started. However, comprehensive genetic testing (such as through the use of DNA arrays or full genome sequencing) allows for the estimation of disease risk years to decades before any disease even exists, or even whether a healthy fetus is at higher risk for developing a disease in adolescence or adulthood. Individuals who are more susceptible to disease in the future can be offered lifestyle advice or medication with the aim of preventing the predicted illness.
Current genetic testing guidelines supported by the health care professionals discourage purely predictive genetic testing of minors until they are competent to understand the relevancy of genetic screening so as to allow them to participate in the decision about whether or not it is appropriate for them. Genetic screening of newborns and children in the field of predictive medicine is deemed appr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfinsen%27s%20dogma | Anfinsen's dogma, also known as the thermodynamic hypothesis, is a postulate in molecular biology. It states that, at least for a small globular protein in its standard physiological environment, the native structure is determined only by the protein's amino acid sequence. The dogma was championed by the Nobel Prize Laureate Christian B. Anfinsen from his research on the folding of ribonuclease A. The postulate amounts to saying that, at the environmental conditions (temperature, solvent concentration and composition, etc.) at which folding occurs, the native structure is a unique, stable and kinetically accessible minimum of the free energy. In other words, there are three conditions for formation of a unique protein structure:
Uniqueness – Requires that the sequence does not have any other configuration with a comparable free energy. Hence the free energy minimum must be unchallenged.
Stability – Small changes in the surrounding environment cannot give rise to changes in the minimum configuration. This can be pictured as a free energy surface that looks more like a funnel (with the native state in the bottom of it) rather than like a soup plate (with several closely related low-energy states); the free energy surface around the native state must be rather steep and high, in order to provide stability.
Kinetical accessibility – Means that the path in the free energy surface from the unfolded to the folded state must be reasonably smooth or, in other words, that the foldin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandetanib | Vandetanib, sold under the brand name Caprelsa, is an anti-cancer medication that is used for the treatment of certain tumours of the thyroid gland. It acts as a kinase inhibitor of a number of cell receptors, mainly the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the RET-tyrosine kinase. The drug was developed by AstraZeneca who later sold the rights to Sanofi in 2015.
Medical use
Vandetanib is used to treat medullary thyroid cancer in adults who are ineligible for surgery.
Contraindications
The V804M mutation in RET confers resistance to Vandetanib anti-RET activity.
In people with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, no dosage for vandetanib has been recommended, as its safety and efficacy has not been established yet. Vandetanib is contraindicated in people with congenital long QT syndrome.
Adverse effects
Very common (present in greater than 10% of people) adverse effects include colds, bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, decreased appetite, low calcium absorption, insomnia, depressed mood, Headache, tingling sensations, weird, painful sensations, dizziness, blurred vision, damage to the cornea, long QT syndrome, high blood pressure, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, sensitivity to sunlight, rash, acne, dry and itchy skin, nail disorders, protein in urine, kidney stones, weakness, fatigue, pain, and edema.
Common (present in between 1% and 10% of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20line | In mathematics, a complex line is a one-dimensional affine subspace of a vector space over the complex numbers. A common point of confusion is that while a complex line has dimension one over C (hence the term "line"), it has dimension two over the real numbers R, and is topologically equivalent to a real plane, not a real line.
The "complex plane" commonly refers to the graphical representation of the complex line on the real plane, and is thus generally synonymous with the complex line, and not a two-dimensional space over the complex numbers.
See also
Algebraic geometry
Complex vector
Riemann sphere
References
Geometry
Complex analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity%20theorem | In mathematics and statistics, the continuity theorem may refer to one of the following results:
the Lévy continuity theorem on random variables;
the Kolmogorov continuity theorem on stochastic processes.
See also
Continuity (disambiguation)
Continuous mapping theorem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf%20forest | Dwarf forest, elfin forest, or pygmy forest is an uncommon ecosystem featuring miniature trees, inhabited by small species of fauna such as rodents and lizards. They are usually located at high elevations, under conditions of sufficient air humidity but poor soil. There are two main dwarf forest ecosystem types, involving different species and environmental characteristics: coastal temperate and montane tropical regions. Temperate coastal dwarf forest is common for parts of Southern California. Montane tropical forests are found across tropical highlands of Central America, northern South America and Southeast Asia. There are also other isolated examples of dwarf forests scattered across the world, while the largest dwarf forest is found in the Philippines.
High-elevation tropical dwarf forest
High-elevation tropical locations in cloud forests contain mossy wet elfin forests due to high-elevation precipitation. These regions are characterized by low rainfall, with most of the water in the form of mist and fog. The water supplied is primarily available during the night, when clouds move from the ocean over the mountains, and are intercepted by the vegetation. During the day, water demands are increased as clouds rise over the mountain peaks without dissipating into available forms of precipitation.
The forests are characterized by small trees (5–8 m), with shallow root systems, and abundant epiphytes. The epiphytes make up a large portion of the canopy, with greater abundan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mighty%201090 | The Mighty 1090 is an on-air slogan for two AM radio stations broadcasting on the 1090 kHz frequency in North America:
KAAY, Little Rock, Arkansas, from the 1960s to mid-1980s
XEPRS-AM, a border blaster licensed to Rosarito, Baja California, Mexico but serving San Diego, California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPPX | DPPX can relate to
IBM DPPX, an operating system introduced by IBM, pre-installed on the IBM 8100 and later ported to the IBM ES/9370
dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPP6), a protein that is abbreviated either as DPPX or DPP6 (an alternative identifier is VF2)
dots per pixel (dppx), a unit for measuring pixel density on the web |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaches%27%20Trophy | The Coaches' Trophy (officially known as the AFCA National Championship Trophy and popularly as "the crystal football") is the trophy awarded annually by the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA) to the NCAA Division I FBS college football national champion as determined by the Coaches Poll. The trophy has been presented since 1986 and was contractually given to the winner of the BCS National Championship Game and its predecessors from 1992 to 2013. It will continue to be awarded to the No. 1 ranked team in the final poll of the season.
Patrick and Michael Gerrits came up with the idea for a college football trophy to be awarded to the AFCA national champions along with an academic scholarship award to a non-athlete. The intent was to honor the memory of the patriarch of the Gerrits family, Edward J. Gerrits. The trophy consists of a Waterford Crystal football affixed to an ebony base, and carries a value of over $30,000. The winning school retains permanent possession of the trophy, as a new one is awarded every year. The football portion of the trophy weighs approximately eight pounds and together with the stand, it weighs about and stands tall. It is handmade by master craftspeople at Waterford Crystal and reportedly takes nearly three months to complete.
The trophy has undergone several sponsorship changes over the years. It was sponsored by the Gerrits Foundation during the initial 1986 and 1987 seasons and, through the Gerrits' family Pepsi bottling busin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20system%20of%20soil%20classification | The Canadian System of Soil Classification is more closely related to the American system than any other, but they differ in several ways. The Canadian system is designed to cover only Canadian soils. The Canadian system dispenses with the sub-order hierarchical level. Solonetzic and Gleysolic soils are differentiated at the order level.
History
Before 1955, Canadian soil testing was based on systems of classification which were similar to methods being used in the United States. In 1955, a taxonomic system of soil classification specific to Canadian conditions was introduced. This system was designed to differentiate soils created by pedogenic processes in cool climatic environments.
Classification process
The land area of Canada (excluding inland waters) is approximately 9 180 000 km2, of which about 1 375 000 km2 (15%) is rock land. The remainder is classified according to the Canadian System of Soil Classification. This system differentiates soil types on the basis of measured properties of the profile and uses a hierarchical scheme to classify soils from general to specific. The most recent version of the classification system has five categories in its hierarchical structure. From general to specific, the major categories in this system are: Orders, Great Groups, Subgroups, Families, and Series.
Soil classes are defined as specifically as possible to permit uniformity of classification. Limits between classes are arbitrary as there are few sharp divisions of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leandro%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29 | Leandro Lessa Azevedo (born 13 August 1980), simply known as Leandro, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker.
Club statistics
Honours
Corinthians
Brazil Cup: 2002
Tournament Rio - São Paulo: 2002
Fluminense
Rio de Janeiro State League: 2005
São Paulo
Brazilian League: 2006, 2007
Grêmio
Rio Grande do Sul State League: 2010
Vasco da Gama
Brazil Cup: 2011
External links
globoesporte.globo.com
CBF
sambafoot
1980 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) players
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Goiás Esporte Clube players
Fluminense FC players
São Paulo FC players
Tokyo Verdy players
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
CR Vasco da Gama players
Fortaleza Esporte Clube players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Russian Premier League players
J1 League players
J2 League players
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Ribeirão Preto |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate%20t-distribution | In statistics, the multivariate t-distribution (or multivariate Student distribution) is a multivariate probability distribution. It is a generalization to random vectors of the Student's t-distribution, which is a distribution applicable to univariate random variables. While the case of a random matrix could be treated within this structure, the matrix t-distribution is distinct and makes particular use of the matrix structure.
Definition
One common method of construction of a multivariate t-distribution, for the case of dimensions, is based on the observation that if and are independent and distributed as and (i.e. multivariate normal and chi-squared distributions) respectively, the matrix is a p × p matrix, and is a constant vector then the random variable has the density
and is said to be distributed as a multivariate t-distribution with parameters . Note that is not the covariance matrix since the covariance is given by (for ).
The constructive definition of a multivariate t-distribution simultaneously serves as a sampling algorithm:
Generate and , independently.
Compute .
This formulation gives rise to the hierarchical representation of a multivariate t-distribution as a scale-mixture of normals: where indicates a gamma distribution with density proportional to , and conditionally follows .
In the special case , the distribution is a multivariate Cauchy distribution.
Derivation
There are in fact many candidates for the multivariate generalization o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatnagar%E2%80%93Gross%E2%80%93Krook%20operator | The Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook operator (abbreviated BGK operator) term refers to a collision operator used in the Boltzmann equation and in the lattice Boltzmann method, a computational fluid dynamics technique. It is given by the following formula:
where is a local equilibrium value for the population of particles in the direction of link The term is a relaxation time, and related to the viscosity.
The operator is named after Prabhu L. Bhatnagar, Eugene P. Gross, and Max Krook, the three scientists who introduced it in a paper in Physical Review in 1954.
References
Statistical mechanics
Computational fluid dynamics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola%20V535 | The V535 is a model of cell phone from Motorola. It has limited
Bluetooth capabilities and a 0.3 megapixel digital camera with 4X digital zoom and video capabilities.
Branded versions were released for Vodafone, T-Mobile and Orange called the V550, E550 and V545 respectively.
See also
Motorola
Cell Phones
References
Connecting a linux system to a Motorola V550 from LinuxPimp
Review with user comments from mobile-phones-uk.org.uk
A New Cell Phone
V550 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose%20intolerance | Sucrose intolerance or genetic sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (GSID) is the condition in which sucrase-isomaltase, an enzyme needed for proper metabolism of sucrose (sugar) and starch (e.g., grains), is not produced or the enzyme produced is either partially functional or non-functional in the small intestine. All GSID patients lack fully functional sucrase, while the isomaltase activity can vary from minimal functionality to almost normal activity. The presence of residual isomaltase activity may explain why some GSID patients are better able to tolerate starch in their diet than others with GSID.
Signs and symptoms
Abdominal cramps and bloating
Diarrhea and constipation
Vomiting
Hypoglycemia and headaches
Poor weight gain and growth
Upper respiratory tract and viral diseases
Anxiety and heart palpitations
Excess gas production
Cause
Sucrose intolerance can be caused by genetic mutations in which both parents must contain this gene for the child to carry the disease (so-called primary sucrose intolerance). Sucrose intolerance can also be caused by irritable bowel syndrome, aging, or small intestine disease (secondary sucrose intolerance). There are specific tests used to help determine if a person has sucrose intolerance. The most accurate test is the enzyme activity determination, which is done by biopsying the small intestine. This test is a diagnostic for GSID. Other tests which can aid in the diagnosis of GSID but which are not truly diagnostic for the disease are the |
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