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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GcvB%20RNA
The gcvB RNA gene encodes a small non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of a number of amino acid transport systems as well as amino acid biosynthetic genes. The GcvB gene is found in enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli. GcvB regulates genes by acting as an antisense binding partner of the mRNAs for each regu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlmS%20glucosamine-6-phosphate%20activated%20ribozyme
The glucosamine-6-phosphate riboswitch ribozyme ( glmS ribozyme) is an RNA structure that resides in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA transcript of the glmS gene. This RNA regulates the glmS gene by responding to concentrations of a specific metabolite, glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P), in addition to catal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine%20riboswitch
The bacterial glycine riboswitch is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains with similar structures in tandem. The aptamers were originally thought to cooperatively bind glycine to regulate the expression of downstream genes. In...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-103/107%20microRNA%20precursor
The miR-103 microRNA precursor (homologous to miR-107), is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. miR-103 and miR-107 have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in human. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy%20RNA%20localisation%20element%20%28HLE%29
The hairy localisation element (HLE) is an RNA element found in the 3' UTR of the hairy gene. HLE contains two stem-loops. HLE is essential for the mediation of apical localisation and the two stem-loop structures act to allow the recognition of hairy mRNA by the localisation machinery. HLE is found in Drosophila speci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20shock%20protein%2070%20%28Hsp70%29%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element that allows cap independent translation during conditions such as heat shock and stress. It has been shown that the 216 nucleotide long 5' UTR contains internal ribosome entry site activity. References External links Cis-regul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucor%20hiemalis
Mucor hiemalis is among the zygosporic fungi found in unspoiled foods. It has different industrial importance as biotransforming agents of pharmacological and chemical compounds. Morphology and cell structure Mucor hiemalis grows in expanding gray colonies. It grows branched sporangiophores that yielding yellow to da...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20C%20stem-loop%20IV
The Hepatitis C stem-loop IV is part of a putative RNA element found in the NS5B coding region. This element along with stem-loop VII, is important (but not essential) for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown. See also Hepatitis C alternative reading frame stem-loop Hepatitis C viru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20C%20virus%203%27X%20element
The hepatitis C virus 3′X element is an RNA element which contains three stem-loop structures that are essential for replication. See also Hepatitis C alternative reading frame stem-loop Hepatitis C stem-loop IV Hepatitis C virus stem-loop VII Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cis-acting replication element (CRE) Referenc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20C%20virus%20cis-acting%20replication%20element
The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Mutations in this family have been found to cause a blockage in RNA replication and it is thought that both the primary sequence and the structure of this elem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20C%20virus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site
The Hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site, or HCV IRES, is an RNA structure within the 5'UTR of the HCV genome that mediates cap-independent translation initiation. Protein translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs occurs by a cap-dependent mechanism and requires association of Met-tRNAiMet, several eukaryotic ini...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20C%20virus%20stem-loop%20VII
Hepatitis C virus stem-loop VII is a regulatory element found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, NS5B. Similarly to stem-loop IV, the stem-loop structure is important (but not essential) for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown. See also Hepatitis C altern...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20delta%20virus%20ribozyme
The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme is a non-coding RNA found in the hepatitis delta virus that is necessary for viral replication and is the only known human virus that utilizes ribozyme activity to infect its host. The ribozyme acts to process the RNA transcripts to unit lengths in a self-cleavage reaction durin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-192/215%20microRNA%20precursor
The miR-192 microRNA precursor (homologous to miR-215), is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. miR-192 and miR-215 have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in mouse and human. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20E%20virus%20cis-reactive%20element
The hepatitis E virus cis-reactive element is an RNA element that is believed to be essential for "some step in gene expression". The mutation of this element resulted in hepatitis E strains which were unable to infect rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). References External links Cis-regulatory RNA elements Hepevir...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HgcC%20family%20RNA
HgcC is a small non coding RNA (ncRNA). It is the functional product of a gene which is not translated into protein. This ncRNA gene was originally identified by computationally searching the genome of the thermophilic archea Methanococcus jannaschii for non-coding regions of high guanine-cytosine (GC) content. The o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HgcE%20RNA
The HgcE RNA (also known as Pf3 RNA) gene is a non-coding RNA that was identified computationally and experimentally verified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles. The genes in the screen were named hgcA through hgcG ("high GC"). The HgcE has been renamed as Pf3 and identified as an H/ACA snoRNA that is suggested to target 23...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HgcF%20RNA
The HgcF RNA gene is a non-coding RNA identified computationally and experimentally verified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles. The genes were named hgcA through hgcG ("high GC"). It was later identified as Pab35 H/ACA snoRNA with rRNA targets. See also HgcC family RNA HgcE RNA HgcG RNA SscA RNA References External link...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-8/mir-141/mir-200%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-8 microRNA precursor (homologous to miR-141, miR-200, miR-236), is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. miR-8 in Drosophila melanogaster is expressed from the 3' arm of related precursor hairpins (represented here), along with miR-200, miR-236, miR-429 and human and mouse homolog miR-141. Me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-9/mir-79%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-9 microRNA (homologous to miR-79), is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. The mature ~21nt miRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme. The dominant mature miRNA sequence is processed from the 5' arm of the mir-9 precursor, and from the 3' arm of the mir-79 pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrrB/RsmZ%20RNA%20family
The PrrB/RsmZ RNA family are a group of related non-coding RNA molecules found in bacteria. PrrB RNA is able to phenotypically complement gacS and gacA mutants and is itself regulated by the GacS-GacA two-component signal transduction system. Inactivation of the prrB gene in Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 resulted in a s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrococcus%20C/D%20box%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA
In molecular biology, Pyrococcus C/D box small nucleolar RNA are non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules identified in the archaeal genus Pyrococcus which function in the modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell, which i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SraC/RyeA%20RNA
The SraC/RyeA RNA is a non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during two large scale screens for RNAs. The function of this RNA is currently unknown. This RNA overlaps the SdsR/RyeB RNA on the opposite strand suggesting that the two RNAs may act in a concerted manner. References External links Non-coding ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OmrA-B%20RNA
The OmrA-B RNA gene family (also known as SraE RNA, RygA and RygB and OmrA and OmrB) is a pair of homologous OmpR-regulated small non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during two large-scale screens. OmrA-B is highly abundant in stationary phase, but low levels could be detected in exponentially growing cells a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake%20H/ACA%20box%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA
In molecular biology, Snake H/ACA box small nucleolar RNA refers to a number of very closely related non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes identified in snakes which have been predicted to be small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). This type of ncRNA is involved in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs and are often referred to as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious%20bronchitis%20virus%20D-RNA
The Infectious bronchitis virus D-RNA is an RNA element known as defective RNA or D-RNA. This element is thought to be essential for viral replication and efficient packaging of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) particles. Coronavirus D-RNA like that of IBV, are produced during high multiplicity of infection and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion%20sequence%20IS1222%20ribosomal%20frameshifting%20element
The Insertion sequence IS1222 ribosomal frameshifting element is an RNA element found in the insertion sequence IS222. The ribosomal frameshifting element stimulates frameshifting which is known to be required for transposition. References External links Cis-regulatory RNA elements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like%20growth%20factor%20II%20IRES
The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) internal ribosome entry site IRES is found in the 5' UTR of IGF-II leader 2 mRNA. This RNA element allows cap-independent translation of the mRNA and it is thought that this family may facilitate a continuous IGF-II production in rapidly dividing cells during development. Ribo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%20response%20element
In molecular biology, the iron response element or iron-responsive element (IRE) is a short conserved stem-loop which is bound by iron response proteins (IRPs, also named IRE-BP or IRBP). The IRE is found in UTRs (untranslated regions) of various mRNAs whose products are involved in iron metabolism. For example, the m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS061%20RNA
The ISO61 (IsrA) RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA that is found between the abgR and ydaL genes in Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. It was discovered using a computational screen of the E. coli genome. Subsequent characterisation of ISO61 region has revealed that the reverse strand is actually a CsrA binding n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS102%20RNA
The IS102 RNA is a non-coding RNA that is found in bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. The RNA is 208 nucleotides in length and found between the yeeP and flu genes. This RNA was identified in a computational screen of E. coli. The function of this RNA is unknown. See also IS061 RNA IS128 RNA Re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymovirus/pomovirus%20tRNA-like%203%27%20UTR%20element
The tymoviruses/pomovirusesfamily tRNA-like 3' UTR element is an RNA element found in the 3' UTR of some viruses. This element acts in conjunction with UPSK RNA and a 5'-cap to enhance translation. The secondary structure of this RNA element is a cloverleaf that resembles tRNA. References External links Cis-regul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS128%20RNA
The IS128 RNA is a non-coding RNA found in bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. The RNA is 209 nucleotides in length. It is found between the sseA and sseB genes. The IS128 RNA was initially identified in a computational screen of the E. coli genome. The function of this RNA is unknown. See also I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi%27s%20sarcoma-associated%20herpesvirus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29
This family represents the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) present in the vCyclin gene. The vCyclin and vFLIP coding sequences are present on a bicistronic transcript and it is thought the IRES may initiate translation of vFLIP from this bicistronic transcript. Refere...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine%20operon%20leader
The Leucine operon leader is an RNA element found upstream of the first gene in the Leucine biosynthetic operon. The leader sequence can assume two different secondary structures known as the terminator and the anti-terminator structure. The leader also codes for very short peptide sequence that is rich in leucine amin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-myc%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29
The L-myc internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element present in the 5' UTR of the mRNA of L-myc that allows cap-independent translation. L-myc undergoes translation via the internal ribosome entry site and bypasses the typical eukaryotic cap-dependent translation pathway [1]. The myc family of genes when ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteovirus%20cap-independent%20translation%20element
The Barley yellow dwarf virus-like cap-independent translation element (BTE) is an RNA element found in the 3' UTR of some luteoviruses. This element mediates translation of genomic RNA and subgenomic RNA1 (sgRNA1). BTEs have a consensus sequence, GGAUCCUGGGAAACAGG, embedded in series of three to six stem-loops that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YdaO/yuaA%20leader
The YdaO/YuaA leader (now called the cyclic di-AMP riboswitch) is a conserved RNA structure found upstream of the ydaO and yuaA genes in Bacillus subtilis and related genes in other bacteria. Its secondary structure and gene associations were predicted by bioinformatics. These RNAs function as riboswitches, and sense ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine%20riboswitch
The Lysine riboswitch is a metabolite binding RNA element found within certain messenger RNAs that serve as a precision sensor for the amino acid lysine. Allosteric rearrangement of mRNA structure is mediated by ligand binding, and this results in modulation of gene expression. Lysine riboswitch are most abundant in Ba...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicC%20RNA
The MicC non-coding RNA (previously known as IS063 ) is located between the ompN and ydbK genes in E. coli. This Hfq-associated RNA is thought to be a regulator of the expression level of the OmpC porin protein, with a 5′ region of 22 nucleotides potentially forming an antisense interaction with the ompC mRNA. Along w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicF%20RNA
The micF RNA is a non-coding RNA stress response gene found in Escherichia coli and related bacteria that post-transcriptionally controls expression of the outer membrane porin gene ompF. The micF gene encodes a non-translated 93 nucleotide antisense RNA that binds its target ompF mRNA and regulates ompF expression by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-101%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
miR-101 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression. Expression of miR-101 has been validated in both human (MI0000103, MI0000739) and mouse (MI0000148). This microRNA appears to be specific to the vertebrates and has now been predicted or confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-10%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The mir-10 microRNA precursor is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. It is part of an RNA gene family which contains mir-10, mir-51, mir-57, mir-99 and mir-100. mir-10, mir-99 and mir-100 have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of species. (MIPF0000033, MIPF0000025) mi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-124%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-124 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that has been identified in flies (MI0000373), nematode worms (MI0000302), mouse (MI0000150) and human (MI0000443). The mature ~21 nucleotide microRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme, and in this case originates from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20296A/B
In molecular biology, snoRNAs HBII-296A and B belong to the C/D family of snoRNAs. They are close paralogues sharing the same host gene (FLJ10534) and are predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the large 28S rRNA at position G4588. References External links Small nuclear RNA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-129%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-129 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. This microRNA was first experimentally characterised in mouse and homologues have since been discovered in several other species, such as humans, rats and zebrafish. The mature sequence is excised by the Dicer enzyme from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-130%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
In molecular biology, miR-130 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression. This microRNA has been identified in mouse (MI0000156, MI0000408), and in human (MI0000448, MI0000748). miR-130 appears to be vertebrate-specific miRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-133%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
mir-133 is a type of non-coding RNA called a microRNA that was first experimentally characterised in mice. Homologues have since been discovered in several other species including invertebrates such as the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Each species often encodes multiple microRNAs with identical or similar mature s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-135%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-135 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression. It has been shown to be expressed in human, mouse and rat. miR-135 has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species (MIPF0000028). Precursor microRNAs are ~70 nucleotides in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-156%20microRNA%20precursor
MicroRNA (miRNA) precursor miR156 is a family of plant non-coding RNA. This microRNA has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a range of plant species (MIPF0000008). Animal miRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20F1/F2/snoR5a
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA F1/F2/snoR5a refers to a group of related non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules which function in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are modifying RNAs and usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-15%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-15 microRNA precursor family is made up of small non-coding RNA genes that regulate gene expression. The family includes the related mir-15a and mir-15b sequences, as well as miR-16-1, miR-16-2, miR-195 and miR-497. These six highly conserved miRNAs are clustered on three separate chromosomes. In humans miR-15a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-166%20microRNA%20precursor
The plant mir-166 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA gene. This microRNA (miRNA) has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of plant species. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product. In this...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-16%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-16 microRNA precursor family is a group of related small non-coding RNA genes that regulates gene expression. miR-16, miR-15, mir-195 and miR-497 are related microRNA precursor sequences from the mir-15 gene family (). This microRNA family appears to be vertebrate specific and its members have been predicted or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-17%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-17 microRNA precursor family are a group of related small non-coding RNA genes called microRNAs that regulate gene expression. The microRNA precursor miR-17 family, includes miR-20a/b, miR-93, and miR-106a/b. With the exception of miR-93, these microRNAs are produced from several microRNA gene clusters, which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-181%20microRNA%20precursor
In molecular biology miR-181 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precurs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-194%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
In molecular biology, miR-194 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA gene that regulated gene expression. Its expression has been verified in mouse (MI0000236, MI0000733) and in human (MI0000488, MI0000732). mir-194 appears to be a vertebrate-specific miRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-196%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
miR-196 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that has been shown to be expressed in humans (MI0000238, MI0000279) and mice (MI0000552, MI0000553). miR-196 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species (MIPF0000031). In many sp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-199%20microRNA%20precursor
The miR-199 microRNA precursor is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. miR-199 genes have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in mouse, human and a further 21 other species. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20psi18S-841/snoR66
In molecular biology, the psi18S-841 is a member of the H/ACA class of snoRNA. This family is responsible for guiding the modification of uridine 841 in Drosophila 18S rRNA to pseudouridine. References External links Small nuclear RNA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-1%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-1 microRNA precursor is a small micro RNA that regulates its target protein's expression in the cell. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give products at ~22 nucleotides. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 3' arm of the precurs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-218%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
miR-218 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression by antisense binding. miR-218 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted and experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species. The extents of the hairpin precursors are not known. In this ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-24%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-24 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a mature ~22 nucleotide product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 3' arm of the precursor. The m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-26%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
Origins The miR-26 microRNA is a small non-coding RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression. The miR-26 family is composed of miR-26a-1, miR-26a-2 and miR-26b located in chromosomes 3, 12 and 2, respectively. Pre-miR-26 with stem-loop structure is processed into mature miR-26 by a series of enzymes of intra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-29%20microRNA%20precursor
The miR-29 microRNA precursor, or pre-miRNA, is a small RNA molecule in the shape of a stem-loop or hairpin. Each arm of the hairpin can be processed into one member of a closely related family of short non-coding RNAs that are involved in regulating gene expression. The processed, or "mature" products of the precursor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20R105/R108
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA R105/R108 refers to a group of related non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules which function in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are modifying RNAs and usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major si...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-30%20microRNA%20precursor
miR-30 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression. Animal microRNAs are transcribed as pri-miRNA (primary miRNA) of varying length which in turns are processed in the nucleus by Drosha into ~70 nucleotide stem-loop precursor called pre-miRNA (precursor miRNA) and subsequently processed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-34%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-34 microRNA precursor family are non-coding RNA molecules that, in mammals, give rise to three major mature miRNAs. The miR-34 family members were discovered computationally and later verified experimentally. The precursor miRNA stem-loop is processed in the cytoplasm of the cell, with the predominant miR-34 ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-395%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
mir-395 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that was identified in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa computationally and was later experimentally verified. mir-395 is thought to target mRNAs coding for ATP sulphurylases. The mature sequence is excised from the 3' arm of the hairpin. miR-395 is upregulated i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20R11/Z151
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z151 (homologous to R11) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-92%20microRNA%20precursor%20family
The miR-92 microRNAs are short single stranded non-protein coding RNA fragments initially discovered incorporated into an RNP complex with a proposed role of processing RNA molecules and further RNP assembly. Mir-92 has been mapped to the human genome as part of a larger cluster at chromosome 13q31.3, where it is 22 nu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20R30/Z108
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA R30/Z108 (snoR30) is a C/D box small nucleolar RNA that acts as a methylation guide for 18S ribosomal RNA in plants. References External links Small nuclear RNA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20R32/R81/Z41
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z41 (homologous to R32 and R81) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnt%20IRES
The Mnt internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element. Mnt is a transcriptional repressor related to the Myc/Mad family of transcription factors. It is thought that this IRES allows efficient Mnt synthesis when cap-dependent translation initiation is reduced. See also N-myc IRES Tobamovirus IRES TrkB IRES Re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanos%203%E2%80%B2%20UTR%20translation%20control%20element
Nanos 3′ UTR translation control element is a cis-regulatory element in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the messenger RNA which encodes the Nanos protein. The Nanos protein in Drosophila is required for correct morphogenesis (anterior/posterior patterning) in the Drosophila embryo. Translation of the Nanos mRNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-myc%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29
The N-myc internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element found in the n-myc gene. The myc family of genes when expressed are known to be involved in the control of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. n-myc mRNA has an alternative method of translation via an internal ribosome entry site where ribosomes a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20RNase%20P
In molecular biology, nuclear ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ubiquitous endoribonuclease, found in archaea, bacteria and eukarya as well as chloroplasts and mitochondria. Its best characterised enzyme activity is the generation of mature 5′-ends of tRNAs by cleaving the 5′-leader elements of precursor-tRNAs. Cellular RN...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OxyS%20RNA
OxyS RNA is a small non-coding RNA which is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. This RNA acts as a global regulator to activate or repress the expression of as many as 40 genes, by an antisense mechanism, including the fhlA-encoded transcriptional activator and the rpoS-encoded sigma(s) subunit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20R44/J54/Z268%20family
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA R44/J54/Z268 refers to a group of related non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules which function in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are modifying RNAs and are usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P27%20cis-regulatory%20element
The p27 cis-regulatory element is a structured G/C rich RNA element which is involved in controlling cell cycle regulated translation of the p27kip protein in human cells. The p27kip1 protein is involved in cell cycle regulation and belongs to the Cip/Kip family of cyclin dependent kinase(CDK)inhibitors. These inhibi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29
This family represents the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the pestiviruses. The pestivirus IRES allows cap and end-independent translation of mRNA in the host cell. The IRES achieves this by mediating the internal initiation of translation by recruiting a ribosomal 43S pre-initiation complex directly to the ini...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus%20internal%20ribosome%20entry%20site%20%28IRES%29
This family represents the Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element present in their 5' untranslated region. These elements were discovered in picornaviruses. They are cis-acting RNA sequences that adopt diverse three-dimensional structures, recruit the translation machinery and that often operate in as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20R71
In molecular biology, small nucleolar RNA R71 (also known as snoRNA R71) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid%20RNAIII
Plasmid RNAIII is a non-coding RNA found in bacterial plasmids including pIP501. RNAIII acts by transcriptional attenuation of the essential repR-mRNA. RNAIII is composed of four stem-loops with loops L3 and L4 that interact with the RNA target. References External links Non-coding RNA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20R64/Z200%20family
In molecular biology, R64/Z200 is a member of the C/D class of small nucleolar RNA which guide the site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNA. This family can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana (R64) and Oryza sativa (Z200). References External links Small nuclear RNA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pospiviroid%20RY%20motif%20stem%20loop
The Pospiviroid RY motif stem loop is an RNA element found in Pospiviroids such as potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). The RY nucleotide sequence motif (5'-ACAGG and CUCUUCC-5') in PSTVd, is thought to bind with the tomato protein Virp1. The exact function of this motif and the significance of Virp1 binding is unkno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20channel%20RNA%20editing%20signal
The potassium channel RNA editing signal is an RNA element found in human Kv1.1 and its homologues which directs the efficient modification of an adenosine to inosine by an adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR). The ADAR modification causes an isoleucine/valine recoding event which lies in the ion-conducting pore o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato%20virus%20X%20cis-acting%20regulatory%20element
The Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element is a cis-acting regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the Potato virus X genome. This element has been found to be required for minus strand RNA accumulation and is essential for efficient viral replication. See also Poxvirus AX element late mRNA cis-regulatory ele...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snoR31/Z110/Z27
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z110 (homologous to Z27 and R31) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrfA%20thermoregulator%20UTR
The PrfA thermoregulator UTR is an RNA thermometer found in the 5' UTR of the prfA gene. In Listeria monocytogenes, virulence genes are maximally expressed at 37 °C (human body temperature) but are almost silent at 30 °C. The genes are controlled by PrfA, a transcriptional activator whose expression is thermoregulated....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion%20pseudoknot
The prion pseudoknot is predicted RNA pseudoknot structure found in prion protein mRNA. It has been suggested that this element has a possible effect in prion protein translation. The human prion protein gene contains 5 copies of a 24 nucleotide repeat that contains this structure. The number of nucleotide repeats fou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrrF%20RNA
The PrrF RNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in iron homeostasis and are encoded by all Pseudomonas species. The PrrF RNAs are analogs of the RyhB RNA, which is encoded by enteric bacteria. Expression of the PrrF RNAs is repressed by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) when cells are grown in iron-replete conditions....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine%20riboswitch
A purine riboswitch is a sequence of ribonucleotides in certain messenger RNA (mRNA) that selectively binds to purine ligands via a natural aptamer domain. This binding causes a conformational change in the mRNA that can affect translation by revealing an expression platform for a downstream gene, or by forming a tran...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyrR%20binding%20site
The PyrR binding site is an RNA element that is found upstream of a variety of genes involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis and transport. The RNA structure permits binding of PyrR protein which regulates pyrimidine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. When the protein binds, a downstream terminator hairpin forms, repressi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Q%20RNA
Anti-Q RNA (formerly Qa RNA) is a small ncRNA from the conjugal plasmid pCF10 of Enterococcus faecalis. It is coded in cis to its regulatory target, prgQ, but can also act in trans. Anti-Q is known to interact with nascent prgQ transcripts to allow formation of an intrinsic terminator, or attenuator, thus preventing tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrr%20RNA
Introduction Qrr (Quorum regulatory RNA) is a small non-coding RNA that is thought to be involved in the regulation of quorum sensing in Vibrio species. The use of small RNAs for vital functions like metabolism, infection cycling, and stress response is ubiquitous among bacteria. Qrr operates as part of a negative f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib%20RNA
Sib RNA refers to a group of related non-coding RNA. They were originally named QUAD RNA after they were discovered as four repeat elements in Escherichia coli intergenic regions. The family was later renamed Sib (for short intergenic abundant sequences) when it was discovered that the number of repeats is variable in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R1162-like%20plasmid%20antisense%20RNA
R1162-like plasmid antisense RNA is a 75-base RNA molecule which negatively regulates the RepI region of the plasmid. The protein product of this gene region, along with another protein, controls the copy number of the 8.75kB R1162 plasmid. Experimental evidence has shown that in Escherichia coli, when levels of this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R2%20RNA%20element
The R2 RNA element is a non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposable element that inserts at a specific site in the 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of most insect genomes. In order to insert itself into the genome, retrotransposon encoded protein (R2) protein makes a specific nick in one of the DNA strands at th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snoR639/H1
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA snoR639 (also known as snoH1) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It ...