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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMP%20reductase | GMP reductase (Guanosine 5'-monophosphate oxidoreductase ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible and NADPH-dependent reductive deamination of GMP into IMP.
NADPH + guanosine 5-phosphate = NADP+ + inosine 5-phosphate + NH3
By converting guanosine nucleotides to inosine nucleotides, which serve as precursors to both adenosine (A) and G nucleotides, it helps maintains intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides. GMP can be broken down (catabolized) by other enzymes, but GMPR catalyzes the only recognized route for converting GMP to AMP (indirectly, through the IMP intermediate). Whereas the conversion of GMP to IMP involves a single enzyme, GMPR, the conversion of IMP to GMP involves two enzymes. First, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the conversion of IMP to XMP; then GMP synthetase (GMPS) catalyzes the conversion of XMP to GMP. These two pathways are inversely regulated, with conditions favoring IMPDH expression decreasing GMPR expression. In melanocytic cells, GMP reductase gene expression may be regulated by MITF. It is activated by GTP and inhibited by xanthosine 5'-monophosphate (XMP).
The amino acid sequence that makes up the GMP reductase is similar across organisms. In humans, there are hGMPR1 and hGMPR2, 2 GMP reductases that are different in their amino acid sequence (90% of the sequence is conserved) but has the same function overall. Although hGMPR1 and hGMPR2 do not have an identical amino acid sequence, they have similar kinetic p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20decision%20tree | An alternating decision tree (ADTree) is a machine learning method for classification. It generalizes decision trees and has connections to boosting.
An ADTree consists of an alternation of decision nodes, which specify a predicate condition, and prediction nodes, which contain a single number. An instance is classified by an ADTree by following all paths for which all decision nodes are true, and summing any prediction nodes that are traversed.
History
ADTrees were introduced by Yoav Freund and Llew Mason. However, the algorithm as presented had several typographical errors. Clarifications and optimizations were later presented by Bernhard Pfahringer, Geoffrey Holmes and Richard Kirkby. Implementations are available in Weka and JBoost.
Motivation
Original boosting algorithms typically used either decision stumps
or decision trees as weak hypotheses. As an example, boosting decision stumps creates
a set of weighted decision stumps (where
is the number of boosting iterations), which then vote on the final classification according to their weights. Individual decision stumps are weighted according to their ability to classify the data.
Boosting a simple learner results in an unstructured set of hypotheses, making it difficult to infer correlations between attributes. Alternating decision trees introduce structure to the set of hypotheses by requiring that they build off a hypothesis that was produced in an earlier iteration. The resulting set of hypotheses can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylosuccinate | Adenylosuccinate is an intermediate in the interconversion of purine nucleotides inosine monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The enzyme adenylosuccinate synthase carries out the reaction by the addition of aspartate to IMP and requires the input of energy from a phosphoanhydride bond in the form of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). GTP is used instead of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), so the reaction is not dependent on its products.
See also
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
Purine nucleotide cycle
References
Nucleotides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylosuccinate%20synthase | In molecular biology, adenylosuccinate synthase (or adenylosuccinate synthetase) () is an enzyme that plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, by catalysing the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and aspartic acid to guanosine diphosphate (GDP), phosphate and N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP. Adenylosuccinate synthetase has been characterised from various sources ranging from Escherichia coli (gene purA) to vertebrate tissues. In vertebrates, two isozymes are present: one involved in purine biosynthesis and the other in the purine nucleotide cycle.
Structure
The crystal structure of adenylosuccinate synthetase from E. coli reveals that the dominant structural element of each monomer of the homodimer is a central beta-sheet of 10 strands. The first nine strands of the sheet are mutually parallel with right-handed crossover connections between the strands. The 10th strand is antiparallel with respect to the first nine strands. In addition, the enzyme has two antiparallel beta-sheets, composed of two strands and three strands each, 11 alpha-helices and two short 310-helices. Further, it has been suggested that the similarities in the GTP-binding domains of the synthetase and the p21ras protein are an example of convergent evolution of two distinct families of GTP-binding proteins. Structures of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Triticum aestivum and Arabidopsis thaliana when compared with the known structures from E. coli reve |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylosuccinate%20lyase | Adenylosuccinate lyase (or adenylosuccinase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADSL gene.
Adenylosuccinate lyase converts adenylosuccinate to AMP and fumarate as part of the purine nucleotide cycle. ASL catalyzes two reactions in the purine biosynthetic pathway that makes AMP; ASL cleaves adenylosuccinate into AMP and fumarate, and cleaves SAICAR into AICAR and fumarate.
Adenylosuccinate lyase is part of the β-elimination superfamily of enzymes and it proceeds through an E1cb reaction mechanism. The enzyme is a homotetramer with three domains in each monomer and four active sites per homotetramer.
Point mutations in adenylosuccinate that cause lowered enzymatic activity cause clinical symptoms that mark the condition adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency.
This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.
Function
Adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) is an enzyme that catalyzes two reactions in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. In both reactions it uses an E1cb elimination reaction mechanism to cleave fumarate off of the substrate. In the first reaction, ASL converts 5-aminoimidazole- (N-succinylocarboxamide) ribotide (SAICAR) to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and fumarate. AICAR proceeds through three more reactions before it becomes adenylosuccinate (also called succinyladenosine monophosphate or SAMP), which ASL then splits into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and fumarate. ASL is important to cells not only because of its invol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoribosylamine | Phosphoribosylamine (PRA) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from PRA.
It is the product of the enzyme amidophosphoribosyltransferase which attaches ammonia from glutamine to phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) at its anomeric carbon:
+ → + + PPi
The biosynthesis pathway next combines PRA with glycine in a process driven by ATP giving glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR). The enzyme phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase catalyses the reaction forming an amide bond:
+ + ATP → + ADP + Pi
See also
5-Aminoimidazole ribotide
Purine metabolism
References
Organophosphates
Amino sugars |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidophosphoribosyltransferase | Amidophosphoribosyltransferase (ATase), also known as glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (GPAT), is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) into 5-phosphoribosyl-1-amine (PRA), using the amine group from a glutamine side-chain. This is the committing step in de novo purine synthesis. In humans it is encoded by the PPAT (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase) gene. ATase is a member of the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Structure and function
The enzyme consists of two domains: a glutaminase domain that produces ammonia from glutamine by hydrolysis and a phosphoribosyltransferase domain that binds the ammonia to ribose-5-phosphate. Coordination between the two active sites of enzyme give it special complexity.
The glutaminase domain is homologous to other N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases such as carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPSase). Nine invariant residues among the sequences of all Ntn amidotransferases play key catalytic, substrate binding or structural roles. A terminal cysteine residue acts as the nucleophile in the first part of the reaction, analogous to the cysteine of a catalytic triad. The free N terminus acts as a base to activate the nucleophile and protonate the leaving group in the hydrolytic reaction, in this case ammonia. Another key aspect of the catalytic site is an oxyanion hole which catalyzes the reaction intermediate, as shown in the mechan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraburkholderia%20phymatum | Paraburkholderia phymatum is a species of bacteria that is capable of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with the legumes Machaerium lunatum and Mimosa pudica. Recently, the genome (8.67 Mbp long) was sequenced. It consists of two chromosomes (3.49 and 2.7 Mbp), a megaplasmid (1.9 Mbp), and a plasmid hosting the symbiotic functions (0.56 Mbp).
References
phymatum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiazofurin | Tiazofurin is a drug which acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase. Tiazofurin and its analogues were under investigation for potential use in the treatment of cancer, though side effects such as pleuropericarditis and a flu-like syndrome precluded further development. They also show antiviral effects and may be reevaluated as potential options in the treatment of newly emerging viral diseases.
References
Carboxamides
Ribosides
Thiazoles
Experimental cancer drugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraburkholderia%20xenovorans | Paraburkholderia xenovorans is a species of bacteria.
Genomics
The genome of Paraburkholderia xenovorans (LB400) is one of the largest bacterial genomes completely sequenced to date. The recent genomic studies of this organism have helped expand understanding of bacterial catabolism, noncatabolic physiological adaptation to organic compounds, and the evolution of large bacterial genomes. The metabolic pathways from phylogenetically diverse isolates are very similar with respect to overall organization. As originally noted in pseudomonads, a large number of "peripheral aromatic" pathways funnel a range of natural and xenobiotic compounds into a restricted number of "central aromatic" pathways. These pathways are genetically organized in genus-specific fashions. Comparative genomic studies reveal that some pathways are more widespread than initially thought. Functional genomic studies have established that even organisms harboring high numbers of homologous enzymes seem to contain few examples of true redundancy. Analyses have indicated that recent genetic flux appears to have played a more significant role in the evolution of some large genomes, such as Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, than in others. However, the emerging trend is that the large gene repertoires of potent pollutant degraders such as B. xenovorans LB400 have evolved principally through more ancient processes. That this is true in such phylogenetically diverse species is remarkable and further suggests the ancie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%20change | C change is a waterproof and windproof temperature adaptive material developed and produced by Schoeller Textiles.
The material contains a membrane layer which is set to a predetermined temperature range. Once the climate inside the garment warms (due to physical exertion or higher ambient temperatures), the polymer membrane structure opens up to allow water vapour to escape through the membrane. As the temperature falls, the membrane closes to its original structure, preserving body heat. This is inspired by pine cones which open and close in response to changes in ambient temperature, and can be regarded as an example of biomimicry.
The fabric won the 2006 Frost & Sullivan Award for Product Innovation of the Year.
References
External links
Schoeller textiles home page
Technical fabrics
Brand name materials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker%20for%20activation%20of%20T%20cells | The Linker for activation of T cells, also known as linker of activated T cells or LAT, is a protein involved in the T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction pathway which in humans is encoded by the LAT gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Function
The LAT protein encoded by the gene of the same name, plays a key role in the diversification of T cell signaling pathways following activation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction pathway, which is first catalyzed by TCR binding to MHC class II. LAT is a transmembrane protein localizes to lipid rafts (also known as glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains or GEMs) and acts as a docking site for SH2 domain-containing proteins. Upon phosphorylation, this protein recruits multiple adaptor proteins and downstream signaling molecules into multimolecular signaling complexes located near the site of TCR engagement. In mouse thymocytes, lack of functional LAT or the inability for LAT to be phosphorylated leads to complete lack of T cell development. Moreover, mutation and deletion of LAT hampers overall TCR mediated T cell response.
Signaling Pathway
Prior to phosphorylation of LAT, the TCR signal transduction pathway is initiated by a TCR interacting with peptide bound MHC, and immediately leads to the activation of LCK and Fyn, which are members of the Src family of kinases. Activated LCK subsequently phosphorylates the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornillo%20event | A tornillo event is a low-frequency seismic event associated with volcanoes. The term, which means "screw" in Spanish, was coined in the mid-1990s at the Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Pasto (OVSP) in Pasto, Colombia to describe seismic events seen at the Galeras volcano.
A tornillo has the following characteristics that distinguish it from other seismic events:
very limited distribution of frequencies (monochromatic)
a long coda that decays slowly
small amplitude
Like volcanic tremor, tornillos are thought to be caused by magma moving at depth.
References
Tornillo-type seismic signals at Galeras volcano, Colombia, 1992−1993
External links
Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Pasto - INGEOMINAS
Seismology
Volcanology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemibagrus%20wyckii | Hemibagrus wyckii is a species of catfish (order Siluriformes) of the family Bagridae. It is occasionally called the crystal-eyed catfish or black devil catfish.
Distribution
This species originates in Asia from Thailand to Indonesia. It is known from the Mekong and Chao Phraya drainages in central Indochina. It is also known from the Batang Hari and Musi River drainages in Sumatra, the Pahang River and Perak River drainage in Peninsular Malaysia, the Citarum drainage in Java, and the Baram, Rejang, Kapuas, and Barito River drainages in Borneo.
Appearance and anatomy
Hemibagrus wyckii are black with a few white markings on the caudal and dorsal fins, and the eyes are sky blue. They reach about 71 centimetres (28 in) SL. The head is extremely depressed and broad. The caudal fin is dark grey. The dorsal fin spine has 10–12 serrations on the posterior edge.
Hemibagrus wyckii bears a resemblance to H. wyckioides, however H. wyckioides lacks serrations on the dorsal fin spine, has a shorter dorsal fin base, and shorter maxillary barbels.
Ecology
Hemibagrus wyckii appears to be restricted in the middle reaches of the large rivers it inhabits. This species feeds on insects, prawns and fishes. These fish are aggressive and can attack animals of their own size; they have been claimed to be the "only freshwater fish unafraid of man".
Relationship to humans
This fish is marketed fresh as a food fish. Hemibagrus are aquacultured in Asian countries.
Hemibagrus wyckii and Hemibagrus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoddard%20engine | Elliott J. Stoddard invented and patented two versions of the Stoddard engine, the first in 1919 and the second in 1933. The general engine classification is an external combustion engine with valves and single-phase gaseous working fluid (i.e. a "hot air engine"). The internal working fluid was originally air, although in modern versions, other gases such as helium or hydrogen may be used.
One potential thermodynamic advantage of using valves is to minimize the adverse effects of "unswept volume" in the heat exchangers (sometimes called "dead volume"), which is known to reduce engine efficiency and power output in the valveless Stirling engine.
The 1919 Stoddard engine
The generalized thermodynamic processes of the 1919 Stoddard cycle are:
Adiabatic compression
Isobaric heat-addition
Adiabatic expansion
Isobaric heat-removal
The engine design in the patent was using a scotch yoke.
The 1933 Stoddard engine
In the 1933 design, Stoddard reduced the internal volume of the heat exchangers maintaining the same generalized thermodynamic processes as the 1919 cycle.
Gallery
References
External links
Hot air engines
Piston engines
Cooling technology
Cryogenics
Heat pumps
Thermodynamic cycles
1919 introductions
1933 introductions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microlift%20glider | A microlift glider is a recreational glider that is able to exploit microlift, which is lift weaker than a conventional glider would require to stay airborne.
Classification
The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Gliding Commission's Sporting Code defines the classes for gliding competitions and records. One of the classes is the ultralight glider. These are defined as gliders with a take-off mass not exceeding 220 kg (486 lb). Examples of these are the Apis and Silent 2. Microlift gliders are a sub-type of the ultralight class, further defined by a wing loading that does not exceed 18 kg/m2 (3.69 lb/ft2).These definitions were adopted for inclusion in the Sporting Code, Section 3, Gliding, effective on October 1, 2004.
World records for the ultralight class have been recognized by the FAI but there are no World Championships for these types at present. For world records microlift gliders are classed with the other ultralight gliders and/or hang gliders.
The FAI has produced a loaded weight versus wing loading diagram defining the different domains for glider classes.
Characteristics
In addition to the traditional forms of lift used in the sport of gliding, microlift gliding also aims to exploit non-traditional sources of weak lift. In typical conditions, conventional sailplanes may be unable to exploit weak vertical movements of air. However a microlift glider that is specifically designed to have a very low rate of sink and a very small circling radius, may be able |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Frequency%20Internet%20Protocol | High Frequency Internet Protocol (HFIP or HF-IP) is usually associated with Automatic Link Establishment and HF radio data communications. HFIP provides protocol layers enabling internet file transfer, chat, web and email. HFIP commonly uses ionospheric propagation of radio waves to form a wide area network that can span thousands of kilometers. HF transceivers in HFIP service typically run 20 to 150 watts for portable or mobile units, up to approximately 2000 watts transmitter output for high power base stations with HFIP servers.
STANAG 5066 is a common HFIP standard.
An amateur radio HFIP network called HFLINK uses Automatic Link Establishment for initiating data communications, with ARQ 8FSK frequency-shift keying and PSK phase-shift keying signals.
References
Internet protocols
Amateur radio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclepore%20filter | A nuclepore filter (brand name Nuclepore from Whatman, part of GE Healthcare) is a kind of filter in which holes a few micrometres in size have been created in a plastic (e.g. polycarbonate) membrane. These filters are generally created by exposing the membrane to radiation that weakens the plastic and creates specific areas that can be removed by dousing the membrane in acid (or other chemicals). The technique and patent were developed by Robert L. Fleischer, P. Buford Price, and Robert M. Walker as an outgrowth of their research on radiation effects in solids, with a special focus on materials exposed to energetic particles in space. The technique allows for creating uniform holes of any desired diameter to allow even a virus to be filtered.
The most common use of Nuclepore filters is in microbiology where they are used to trap cells while removing all other fluids and smaller particles, e.g. for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Because the filters have a flat surface, the cells are trapped on top of the filter and remain visible, unlike other types of filters where the cells may be trapped inside the filter.
See also
Ion track.
Footnotes
Filters
Membrane technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meusnier%27s%20theorem | In differential geometry, Meusnier's theorem states that all curves on a surface passing through a given point p and having the same tangent line at p also have the same normal curvature at p and their osculating circles form a sphere. The theorem was first announced by Jean Baptiste Meusnier in 1776, but not published until 1785.
At least prior to 1912, several writers in English were in the habit of calling the result Meunier's theorem, although there is no evidence that Meusnier himself ever spelt his name in this way.
This alternative spelling of Meusnier's name also appears on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
References
Further references
Meusnier's theorem Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute for Applied Geometry
Meusnier's theorem in Springer Online
Theorems in differential geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappataci%20fever | Pappataci fever (also known as Phlebotomus fever and, somewhat confusingly, sandfly fever and three-day fever) is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus. It occurs in subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. The name, pappataci fever, comes from the Italian word for sandfly; it is the union of the words pappa (usually this is used as a generic name for food, but in this case it is a verb meaning "eating") and taci (silent), distinguishing these insects from blood-feeding mosquitoes, which produce a typical noise while flying.
Signs and symptoms
A few days after the infective bite, a feeling of lassitude, abdominal distress and chills develop followed by fever of , severe frontal headaches, muscle and joint aches, flushing of the face and a fast heart rate. After two days the fever begins to subside and the temperature returns to normal. Fatigue, a slow heart rate and low blood pressure may persist from a few days to several weeks but complete recovery is the rule.
Cause
Three serotypes of Phlebovirus are known as the causative agents: Naples virus, Sicilian virus and Toscana virus.
Diagnosis
Although commercial tests are not readily available, diagnosis can be confirmed by serology-based assays or quantitative PCR by laboratories that have developed assays to perform such identification.
Prevention
Prevention of sandfly bites, and control of sandflies and their breeding grounds with insecticides are the principal method |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efts | Efts are newts in their terrestrial juvenile stage.
EFTS, EFTs and similar may refer to:
EFTS, a measure of student numbers
EF-Ts, a biological protein
Elementary Flying Training School, a type of Royal Air Force school in the UK
Electronic funds transfers (EFTs), in banking
Emotional Freedom Techniques, in alternative medicine
See also
EFT (disambiguation), for the singular |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl%20Vandekerckhove | Joël Vandekerckhove is a Belgian molecular biologist and professor at the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium). He is head of the VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, UGent.
His research department works on functional proteomics: development and applications, molecular cell biology and biochemistry of the actin cytoskeleton, cell biology and biochemistry of the actin cytoskeleton, cytokine signalling, and molecular and metabolic signalling.
Research at the department lead to the university spin off biotech company Peakadilly.
Sources
Department of Medical Protein Research
Proteomics and Bioinformatics Group
Joël Vandekerckhove
Belgian molecular biologists
Flemish scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus%20%28video%20game%29 | Nautilus is a video game for the Atari 8-bit family of home computers created by Mike Potter and published by Synapse Software in 1982. The players control a submarine, the Nautilus, or a destroyer, the Colossus, attempting to either destroy or rebuild an underwater city. The game the first to feature a "split screen" display to allow both players to move at the same time.
Gameplay
Nautilus starts with player one in control of the submarine, visible in the lower pane of the split-screen display. The joystick allows the player to move left and right or rise and sink. The player can shoot their Thunderbolt torpedoes to the right or left in the direction of travel. The primary task for the player is to move into location beside the various underwater buildings and destroy them with their torpedoes in order to expose their energy core, which can be picked up by moving over it. The player wins the level by collecting all of the cores.
Player two, or the computer player in a single-player game, controls the destroyer, visible in the upper pane. The ship's primary task is to ferry repair crews from the right side of the map back to the left, dropping them into an elevator that takes them to the bottom of the ocean. From there they quickly move back towards the right through a tube on the ocean floor, instantly repairing the buildings directly above them as they pass. The destroyer also drops depth charges and Barracuda missiles that attack the submarine. The missiles track the su |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compartment | Compartment may refer to:
Biology
Compartment (anatomy), a space of connective tissue between muscles
Compartment (chemistry), in which different parts of the same protein molecule serve different functions
Compartment (development), fields of cells of distinct cell lineage, cell affinity, and genetic identity
Compartment (pharmacokinetics), a defined and distinct volume of body fluids
Cellular compartment, a closed part within a cell, surrounded by a membrane
Other uses
Compartment coach, a railway car divided into separate areas or compartments, with no means of moving between them
Compartment (ship), subdivision of the space within a ship
Compartment (heraldry), the part of a coat of arms design which appears immediately below the shield
Multi-compartment model, a type of mathematical model
"Compartments", a song and album by José Feliciano
Hidden compartment
See also
Compartmentalization (disambiguation)
Apartment
Division (disambiguation)
Section (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20participants%20in%20the%20Evolving%20Genes%20and%20Proteins%20symposium | This is a list of scientists who participated in the 1964 Evolving Genes and Proteins symposium, a landmark event in the history of molecular evolution. The symposium, supported by the National Science Foundation, took place on September 17 and September 18, 1964 at the Institute of Microbiology of Rutgers University. A summary of the proceedings was published in Science, and the full proceedings were edited by Vernon Bryson and Henry J. Vogel and published in 1965.
References
Biology-related lists
Evolution
History of evolutionary biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorokhod%27s%20theorem | Skorokhod's theorem may refer to:
Skorokhod's embedding theorem
Skorokhod's representation theorem
See also
List of things named after Anatoliy Skorokhod |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20rider%20classification | Young rider classification () is a cycling jersey competition in multi-day stage race events, such as the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and many others, which awards the current leader by overall time for riders below the age of twenty-six years (or twenty-three years) depending on the race rules. At the Tour Down Under recipients are aged under twenty-six. Recipients are commonly known as the Best young rider.
In stage racing, the fastest overall time of all riders below the age limit is awarded the cycling jersey, often the jersey color is white, in the same fashion the fastest time of all riders (regardless of age) is awarded in the general classification.
If the best young rider is also the leader of the general classification, points classification or mountains classification, then the rider wears the most prestigious jersey and the next young rider in the classification not holding a more prestigious jersey will wear the young rider jersey. Article 2.6.018 of the UCI regulations on road cycling states:
"On the basis of the classifications, only 4 leader’s jerseys of the race can be issued in events of the UCI WorldTour and continental circuits of classes HC and 1 for the men elite and under 23, and a maximum of 6 jerseys in other events. Only the leader's jersey for the individual general classification by time is compulsory.
The leader of each classification, except the team classification, shall be required to wear the corresponding distinctive jersey.
If a ride |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tunnel%20of%20Love | The Tunnel of Love is a 1958 American romantic comedy film directed by Gene Kelly and starring Doris Day and Richard Widmark. The film follows a married suburban couple who want a child but are unable to conceive. After adopting a child, they find the baby looks suspiciously like the adoptive father (Widmark). It is based on the 1957 hit Broadway play by Peter De Vries and Joseph Fields, which in turn was based on De Vries' 1954 novel. The Tunnel of Love is the first film directed by Kelly in which he did not also appear. Day received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her performance.
The film was a box office disappointment, which Kelly attributed to audiences not accepting Widmark in a comedic role.
Plot
In Westport, Connecticut, Augie and Isolde Poole celebrate their fifth wedding anniversary by turning in an application to the Rock-a-Bye adoption agency. Encouraged by their friends and next-door neighbors, Dick and Alice Pepper, who have three children and another due, Isolde, who has been unsuccessful in her attempts to become pregnant, is determined that she and Augie will eventually be parents. While awaiting news of the application to the agency, Isolde decides that she and Augie should continue to try to have a baby on their own, and she enthusiastically follows all the latest advice by pregnancy experts.
Although exhausted by Isolde's resolve, Augie worries about having a child while they are living of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino%20logic | Domino logic is a CMOS-based evolution of the dynamic logic techniques based on either PMOS or NMOS transistors. It allows a rail-to-rail logic swing. It was developed to speed up circuits, solving the premature cascade problem, typically by inserting small and fast pFETs between domino stages to constrain the interstage cascade velocity to a curtailed maximum—a curtailed deterministic maximum—without requiring other circuit design interlocks.
Terminology
The term derives from the fact that in domino logic (cascade structure consisting of several stages), each stage ripples the next stage for evaluation, similar to dominoes falling one after the other.
Dynamic logic drawbacks
In dynamic logic, a problem arises when cascading one gate to the next. The precharge "1" state of the first gate may cause the second gate to discharge prematurely, before the first gate has reached its correct state. This uses up the "precharge" of the second gate, which cannot be restored until the next clock cycle, so there is no recovery from this error.
In order to cascade dynamic logic gates, one solution is domino logic, which inserts an ordinary static inverter between stages. While this might seem to defeat the point of dynamic logic, since the inverter has a pFET (one of the main goals of dynamic logic is to avoid pFETs where possible, due to speed), there are two reasons it works well. First, there is no fan-out to multiple pFETs; the dynamic gate connects to exactly one inverter, so t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Takeover%20%28film%29 | The Takeover is a 1995 action film directed by Troy Cook and starring Billy Drago and Nick Mancuso as rival drug lords. David Amos and Gene Mitchell play good-guys who try to intervene in the turf war.
Cast
Billy Drago as Daniel Stein
John Savage as Greg
Nick Mancuso as Anthony Vilachi
Eric Da Re as Venokur
Cali Timmins as Kathy
David Amos as Jonathan Fitzsimmons
Gene Mitchell as Mickey Lane
Tony Longo as Waldo
Anita Barone as Cindy Lane
Manu Tupou as Manu
Greg Lewis as Vic
Sam Scarber as D.E. Moore
James A. Donzell as Steins Associate
Arlene Rodriguez as Brandi
Subsequent arrest and convictions
In 2000 co-producer Michael Woods and co-star David Amos would be arrested for the 1989 murder of Horace McKenna. McKenna was a partner of Woods in two strip clubs in Los Angeles, The Bare Elegance and The New Jet Strip. After the film was made the detectives started to question associates of the two when it was realized that much of the plot of the film was based around the murder of McKenna.
During the 2001 trial Amos would give testimony against Woods in exchange for a lighter sentence.
References
External links
1996 films
1990s action films
American independent films
1995 independent films
1995 films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor-hom%20adjunction | In mathematics, the tensor-hom adjunction is that the tensor product and hom-functor form an adjoint pair:
This is made more precise below. The order of terms in the phrase "tensor-hom adjunction" reflects their relationship: tensor is the left adjoint, while hom is the right adjoint.
General statement
Say R and S are (possibly noncommutative) rings, and consider the right module categories (an analogous statement holds for left modules):
Fix an -bimodule and define functors and as follows:
Then is left adjoint to . This means there is a natural isomorphism
This is actually an isomorphism of abelian groups. More precisely, if is an -bimodule and is a -bimodule, then this is an isomorphism of -bimodules. This is one of the motivating examples of the structure in a closed bicategory.
Counit and unit
Like all adjunctions, the tensor-hom adjunction can be described by its counit and unit natural transformations. Using the notation from the previous section, the counit
has components
given by evaluation: For
The components of the unit
are defined as follows: For in ,
is a right -module homomorphism given by
The counit and unit equations can now be explicitly verified. For in ,
is given on simple tensors of by
Likewise,
For in ,
is a right -module homomorphism defined by
and therefore
The Ext and Tor functors
The Hom functor commutes with arbitrary limits, while the tensor product functor commutes with arbitrary colimits that exist in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising%20and%20lowering%20indices | In mathematics and mathematical physics, raising and lowering indices are operations on tensors which change their type. Raising and lowering indices are a form of index manipulation in tensor expressions.
Vectors, covectors and the metric
Mathematical formulation
Mathematically vectors are elements of a vector space over a field , and for use in physics is usually defined with or . Concretely, if the dimension of is finite, then, after making a choice of basis, we can view such vector spaces as or .
The dual space is the space of linear functionals mapping . Concretely, in matrix notation these can be thought of as row vectors, which give a number when applied to column vectors. We denote this by , so that is a linear map .
Then under a choice of basis , we can view vectors as an vector with components (vectors are taken by convention to have indices up). This picks out a choice of basis for , defined by the set of relations .
For applications, raising and lowering is done using a structure known as the (pseudo-)metric tensor (the 'pseudo-' refers to the fact we allow the metric to be indefinite). Formally, this is a non-degenerate, symmetric bilinear form
In this basis, it has components , and can be viewed as a symmetric matrix in with these components. The inverse metric exists due to non-degeneracy and is denoted , and as a matrix is the inverse to .
Raising and lowering vectors and covectors
Raising and lowering is then done in coordinates. Given |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbein%2C%20Saskatchewan | Holbein is an organized hamlet in Saskatchewan that lies within the Rural Municipality of Shellbrook No. 493.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Holbein had a population of 122 living in 48 of its 54 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 109. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
External links
Holbein, Saskatchewan Community Profile
Designated places in Saskatchewan
Organized hamlets in Saskatchewan
Shellbrook No. 493, Saskatchewan
Division No. 16, Saskatchewan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20probability | In immunology, surface probability is the amount of reflection of an antigen's secondary or tertiary structure to the outside of the molecule.
A greater surface probability means that an antigen is more likely to be immunogenic (i.e. induce the formation of antibodies).
References
Immunology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenylamine | Triphenylamine is an organic compound with formula (C6H5)3N. In contrast to most amines, triphenylamine is nonbasic. At room temperature it appears as a colorless crystalline solid, with monoclinic structure. It is well miscible in diethyl ether and benzene, but it is practically insoluble in water, and partially in ethanol. Its derivatives have useful properties in electrical conductivity and electroluminescence, and they are used in OLEDs as hole-transporters.
Triphenylamine can be prepared by arylation of diphenylamine.
Chemical properties
Triphenylamine has three aromatic groups directly linked to the central nitrogen atom. Each aromatic group acts as an electron attractor, directing the electron cloud of the lone pair of nitrogen towards it. With the delocalization of the nitrogen lone pair, a partial positive charge is conferred to nitrogen, counterbalanced by the partial negative charge localized on the aromatic groups. This arrangement prevents nitrogen protonation, a key mechanism for providing basicity to a solution.
From this characteristic, moreover, it follows that the three N-C bonds all lie on the same plane and that they are located at 120° from each other, which is not the case with aliphatic amines and ammonia, where the orbitals of nitrogen are arranged in a tetrahedron. Due to steric hindrance, the phenyl groups are not on the same plane defined by the three N-C bonds, but are twisted, giving the molecule its characteristic "propeller-like" shape.
See |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIRAP | TIRAP (TIR domain containing adaptor protein) is an adapter molecule associated with toll-like receptors. The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described.
See also
Myd88
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busemann%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Busemann's theorem is a theorem in Euclidean geometry and geometric tomography. It was first proved by Herbert Busemann in 1949 and was motivated by his theory of area in Finsler spaces.
Statement of the theorem
Let K be a convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn containing the origin in its interior. Let S be an (n − 2)-dimensional linear subspace of Rn. For each unit vector θ in S⊥, the orthogonal complement of S, let Sθ denote the (n − 1)-dimensional hyperplane containing θ and S. Define r(θ) to be the (n − 1)-dimensional volume of K ∩ Sθ. Let C be the curve {θr(θ)} in S⊥. Then C forms the boundary of a convex body in S⊥.
See also
Brunn–Minkowski inequality
Prékopa–Leindler inequality
References
Euclidean geometry
Geometric inequalities
Theorems in convex geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like%20receptor%207 | Toll-like receptor 7, also known as TLR7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR7 gene. Orthologs are found in mammals and birds. It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and detects single stranded RNA.
Function
The TLR family plays an important role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung, placenta, and spleen, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR8, on the human X chromosome.
TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNA in endosomes, which is a common feature of viral genomes which are internalised by macrophages and dendritic cells. TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNA of viruses such as HIV and HCV. TLR7 can recognize GU-rich single-stranded RNA. However, the presence of GU-rich sequences in the single-stranded RNA is not sufficient to stimulate TLR7.
Clinical significance
TLR7 has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as lupus as well as in the regulation of antiviral immunity. Although not yet fully elucidated, using an unbiased genome-scale screen with short hairpin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like%20receptor%205 | Toll-like receptor 5, also known as TLR5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TLR5 gene. It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. TLR5 is known to recognize bacterial flagellin from invading mobile bacteria. It has been shown to be involved in the onset of many diseases, which includes Inflammatory bowel disease. Recent studies have also shown that malfunctioning of TLR5 is likely related to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone loss. Abnormal TLR5 functioning is related to the onset of gastric, cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers.
Function
The TLR family plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. TLR5 is expressed on both immune and non-immune cells. TLR5 recognizes bacterial flagellin, a principal component of bacterial flagella and a virulence factor. The activation of this receptor mobilizes the nuclear factor NF-κB and stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
TLR5 recognizes flagellin, which is the protein monomer that makes up the filament of bacterial flagella, found on nearly all motile bacteria. There are highly conserv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like%20receptor%204 | Toll-like receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR4 gene. TLR4 is a transmembrane protein, member of the toll-like receptor family, which belongs to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family. Its activation leads to an intracellular signaling pathway NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine production which is responsible for activating the innate immune system.
TLR4 expressing cells are myeloid (erythrocytes, granulocytes, macrophages) rather than lymphoid (T-cells, B-cells, NK cells). Most myeloid cells also express high levels of CD14, which facilitates activation of TLR4 by LPS.
It is most well known for recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component present in many Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Neisseria spp.) and selected Gram-positive bacteria. Its ligands also include several viral proteins, polysaccharide, and a variety of endogenous proteins such as low-density lipoprotein, beta-defensins, and heat shock protein. Palmitic acid and lauric acid are also TLR4 agonists, and chronic inflammatory responses via cytokine release can result from high dietary intake of these nutrients. However, unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids serve as TLR4 antagonists and can negate the inflammation caused by a high-fat diet.
TLR4 has also been designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284). The molecular weight of TLR4 is approximately 95 kDa.
Function
TLR4 is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period%20%28gene%29 | Period (per) is a gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Oscillations in levels of both per transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the Drosophila biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per0) the period of the circadian rhythm.
Discovery
The period gene and three mutants (perS, perL, and per0) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971. The perS, perL, and per0 mutations were found to not complement each other, so it was concluded that the three phenotypes were due to mutations in the same gene. The discovery of mutants that altered the period of circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity (perS and perL) indicated the role of the per gene in the clock itself and not an output pathway. The period gene was first sequenced in 1984 by Michael Rosbash and colleagues. In 1998, it was discovered that per produces two transcripts (differing only by the alternative splicing of a single untranslated intron) which both encode the PER protein.
Function
Circadian clock
In Drosophila, per mRNA levels oscillate with a period of approximately 24 hours, peaking during the early subjective night. The per product PER also oscillates with a nearly 24-hour period, peaking about six hour |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitale%27s%20random%20Brunn%E2%80%93Minkowski%20inequality | In mathematics, Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is a theorem due to Richard Vitale that generalizes the classical Brunn–Minkowski inequality for compact subsets of n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn to random compact sets.
Statement of the inequality
Let X be a random compact set in Rn; that is, a Borel–measurable function from some probability space (Ω, Σ, Pr) to the space of non-empty, compact subsets of Rn equipped with the Hausdorff metric. A random vector V : Ω → Rn is called a selection of X if Pr(V ∈ X) = 1. If K is a non-empty, compact subset of Rn, let
and define the set-valued expectation E[X] of X to be
Note that E[X] is a subset of Rn. In this notation, Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is that, for any random compact set X with ,
where "" denotes n-dimensional Lebesgue measure.
Relationship to the Brunn–Minkowski inequality
If X takes the values (non-empty, compact sets) K and L with probabilities 1 − λ and λ respectively, then Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is simply the original Brunn–Minkowski inequality for compact sets.
References
Probabilistic inequalities
Theorems in measure theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIITA | CIITA is a human gene which encodes a protein called the class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator. Mutations in this gene are responsible for the bare lymphocyte syndrome in which the immune system is severely compromised and cannot effectively fight infection. Chromosomal rearrangement of CIITA is involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma.
Function
CIITA mRNA can only be detected in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system class II-positive cell lines and tissues. This highly restricted tissue distribution suggests that expression of HLA class II genes is to a large extent under the control of CIITA. However, CIITA does not appear to directly bind to DNA. Instead CIITA functions through activation of the transcription factor RFX5. Hence CIITA is classified as a transcriptional coactivator.
The CIITA protein contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain, 4 LRRs (leucine-rich repeats) and a GTP binding domain. The protein uses GTP binding to facilitate its own transport into the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the protein acts as a positive regulator of class II major histocompatibility complex gene transcription, and is often referred to as the "master control factor" for the expression of these genes.
CIITA expression is induced by interferon gamma, possibly assisted by other signals. MHC II expression in intestinal epithelial cells is upregulated under inflammation.
Interactions
CIITA has been shown |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20genomics | Synthetic genomics is a nascent field of synthetic biology that uses aspects of genetic modification on pre-existing life forms, or artificial gene synthesis to create new DNA or entire lifeforms.
Overview
Synthetic genomics is unlike genetic modification in the sense that it does not use naturally occurring genes in its life forms. It may make use of custom designed base pair series, though in a more expanded and presently unrealized sense synthetic genomics could utilize genetic codes that are not composed of the two base pairs of DNA that are currently used by life.
The development of synthetic genomics is related to certain recent technical abilities and technologies in the field of genetics. The ability to construct long base pair chains cheaply and accurately on a large scale has allowed researchers to perform experiments on genomes that do not exist in nature. Coupled with the developments in protein folding models and decreasing computational costs the field of synthetic genomics is beginning to enter a productive stage of vitality.
History
Researchers were able to create a synthetic organism for the first time in 2010. This breakthrough was undertaken by Synthetic Genomics, Inc., which continues to specialize in the research and commercialization of custom designed genomes. It was accomplished by synthesizing a 600 kbp genome (resembling that of Mycoplasma genitalium, save the insertion of a few watermarks) via the Gibson Assembly method and Transformation Associ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylenedioxybutylamphetamine | Methylenedioxybutylamphetamine (MDBU or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-butylamphetamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is also the N-butyl derivative of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). MDBU was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 40 mg, and the duration unknown. MDBU produces few to no effects. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MDBU.
See also
Phenethylamine
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants
MDA
References
Substituted amphetamines
Benzodioxoles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylenedioxybenzylamphetamine | Methylenedioxybenzylamphetamine, abbreviated MDBZ, and systematically named 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-benzylamphetamine, is a psychedelic drug. It is the N-benzyl derivative of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). MDBZ was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved), the minimum dosage is listed as 150 mg, and the duration unknown. Very few data exist about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MDBZ.
In an episode of the British spoof documentary TV show Brass Eye, David Amess MP was fooled into recording a warning against a fictitious new drug called "cake". When asked a parliamentary question about it, the Home Office incorrectly assumed Amess was referring to MDBZ.
Legality
United Kingdom
MDBZ is a Class A drug in the Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act.
See also
Benzphetamine
Benzylone
Phenethylamine
References
External links
MDBZ entry in PiHKAL
MDBZ entry in PiHKAL • info
Substituted amphetamines
Benzodioxoles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylenedioxycyclopropylmethylamphetamine | MDCPM, or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-cyclopropylmethylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is the N-cyclopropylmethyl derivative of MDMA. MDCPM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin; it is also one of the compounds delineated in a patent by Horrom in 1972. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved), the minimum dosage is listed as 10 mg, and the duration unknown. MDCPM produces few to no effects. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MDCPM.
Legality
United Kingdom
This substance is a Class A drug in the Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act.
See also
Phenethylamine
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants
MDA
References
External links
MDCPM entry in PiHKAL
MDCPM entry in PiHKAL • info
Substituted amphetamines
Benzodioxoles
Cyclopropanes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEC4C | CLEC4C is a membrane protein of plasmacytoid dendritic cells used as a marker for this kind of cells and denoted as CD303 in the nomenclature of the Cluster of differentiation.
References
External links
C-type lectins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynucleotide%20phosphorylase | Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) is a bifunctional enzyme with a phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity and a 3'-terminal oligonucleotide polymerase activity. That is, it dismantles the RNA chain starting at the 3' end and working toward the 5' end. It also synthesizes long, highly heteropolymeric tails in vivo. It accounts for all of the observed residual polyadenylation in strains of Escherichia coli missing the normal polyadenylation enzyme. Discovered by Marianne Grunberg-Manago working in Severo Ochoa's lab in 1955, the RNA-polymerization activity of PNPase was initially believed to be responsible for DNA-dependent synthesis of messenger RNA, a notion that got disproved by the late 1950s.
It is involved in mRNA processing and degradation in bacteria, plants, and animals.
In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the gene. In its active form, the protein forms a ring structure consisting of three PNPase molecules. Each PNPase molecule consists of two RNase PH domains, an S1 RNA binding domain and a K-homology domain. The protein is present in bacteria and in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of some eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes and archaea, a structurally and evolutionary related complex exists, called the exosome complex.
The same abbreviation (PNPase) is also used for another, otherwise unrelated enzyme, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of PNPT1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Ukraine |
Ukrainian Premier League
As of the end of the 2020–21 season, unless stated otherwise.
Team records
Titles
Most League titles:
16, Dynamo Kyiv
Most consecutive League titles:
9, Dynamo Kyiv (1992–93 – 2000–01)
Biggest title-winning margin:
23 points, 2019–20; Shakhtar Donetsk (82 points) over Dynamo Kyiv (59 points).
Smallest title-winning margin:
0 points:
1992–93, Dynamo Kyiv and Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk both finished on 44 points, but Dynamo Kyiv won the title with a superior goal difference: (+45) over (+31);
2005–06, Shakhtar Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv both finished on 75 points, but Shakhtar won the title by winning the golden match.
Winning a title with most remaining games:
5 games, Shakhtar Donetsk (2019–20)
Wins
Most wins in a season: 27, Dynamo Kyiv (1999–2000)
26 games: 23, Dynamo Kyiv (2015–16)
28 games: 21, Shakhtar Donetsk (2013–14)
30 games: 27, Dynamo Kyiv (1999–2000)
32 games: 26, Shakhtar Donetsk (2019–20)
34 games: 25, Dynamo Kyiv (1994–95)
Fewest wins in a season: 0, Zirka Kirovohrad (1999–2000)
26 games: 2, Nyva Ternopil (2000–01)
28 games: 2, Metalurh Zaporizhzhia and Tavriya Simferopol (2013–14)
30 games: 0, Zirka Kirovohrad (1999–2000)
32 games: 2, Karpaty Lviv (2019–20)
34 games: 4, Zorya Luhansk (1995–96)
Losses
Most losses in a season: 26, Zorya Luhansk (1995–96)
26 games: 21, Nyva Ternopil (2000–01)
28 games: 22, Tavriya Simferopol (2013–14)
30 games: 22, SC Mykolaiv (1998–99)
32 games: 24, Volyn Lutsk (2016–17)
34 games: 26, Zorya Luhansk (1995– |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion%20%28cell%29 | In cellular biology, inclusions are diverse intracellular non-living substances (ergastic substances) that are not bound by membranes. Inclusions are stored nutrients/deutoplasmic substances, secretory products, and pigment granules. Examples of inclusions are glycogen granules in the liver and muscle cells, lipid droplets in fat cells, pigment granules in certain cells of skin and hair, and crystals of various types. Cytoplasmic inclusions are an example of a biomolecular condensate arising by liquid-solid, liquid-gel or liquid-liquid phase separation.
These structures were first observed by O. F. Müller in 1786.
Examples
Glycogen: Glycogen is the most common form of glucose in animals and is especially abundant in cells of muscles, and liver. It appears in electron micrograph as clusters, or a rosette of beta particles that resemble ribosomes, located near the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Glycogen is an important energy source of the cell; therefore, it will be available on demand. The enzymes responsible for glycogenolysis degrade glycogen into individual molecules of glucose and can be utilized by multiple organs of the body.
Lipids: Lipids are triglycerides in storage form is the common form of inclusions, not only are stored in specialized cells (adipocytes) but also are located as individuals droplets in various cell type especially hepatocytes. These are fluid at body temperature and appear in living cells as refractile spherical droplets. Lipid yields more th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalenderhane%20Mosque | Kalenderhane Mosque () is a former Eastern Orthodox church in Istanbul, converted into a mosque by the Ottomans. With high probability the church was originally dedicated to the Theotokos Kyriotissa. The building is sometimes referred to as Kalender Haneh Jamissi and St. Mary Diaconissa. This building represents one among the few extant examples of a Byzantine church with domed Greek cross plan.
Location
The mosque is located in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey, in the picturesque neighborhood of Vefa, and lies immediately to the south of the easternmost extant section of the aqueduct of Valens, and less than one km to the southeast of the Vefa Kilise Mosque.
History
The first building on this site was a Roman bath, followed by a sixth-century (the dating was based on precise coin finds in stratigraphic excavation) hall church with an apse laying up against the Aqueduct of Valens. Later – possibly in the seventh century – a much larger church was built to the south of the first church. A third church, which reused the sanctuary and the apse (later destroyed by the Ottomans) of the second one, can be dated to the end of the twelfth century, during the late Comnenian period. It may date to between 1197 and 1204, since Constantine Stilbes alluded to its destruction in a fire in 1197. The church was surrounded by monastery buildings, which disappeared totally during the Ottoman period. After the Latin conquest of Constantinople, the building was used by the Crusaders as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20vegetation%20class | An ecological vegetation class (EVC) is a component of the vegetation classification system developed and used by the state of Victoria, Australia, since 1994, for mapping floristic biodiversity. Ecological vegetation classes are groupings of vegetation communities based on floristic, structural, and ecological features. The Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning has defined all of the EVCs within Victoria.
An EVC consists of one or a number of floristic communities that appear to be associated with a recognisable environmental niche, and which can be characterised by a number of their adaptive responses to ecological processes that operate at the landscape scale level. Each ecological vegetation class is described through a combination of its floristic, life-form, and reproductive strategy profiles, and through an inferred fidelity to particular environmental attributes.
Although there are more than 300 individual EVCs, some can be grouped together to form a bioregion, which is a geographical approach to classifying the environment using a climate, geomorphology, geology, soils and vegetation. There are 28 bioregions across Victoria. Each EVC within a biogregion can be assigned a conservation status , to indicate its degree of alteration since European settlement in Australia. To assist with the assessment of an EVC within a bioregion, benchmarks have been established to ensure that assessments are carried out in a standard fashion across Victoria.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASGT | ASGT may refer to:
American Society of Gene Therapy
Acting Sergeant |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knudsen%20cell | In crystal growth, a Knudsen cell is an effusion evaporator source for relatively low partial pressure elementary sources (e.g. Ga, Al, Hg, As). Because it is easy to control the temperature of the evaporating material in Knudsen cells, they are commonly used in molecular-beam epitaxy.
Development
The Knudsen effusion cell was developed by Martin Knudsen (1871–1949). A typical Knudsen cell contains a crucible (made of pyrolytic boron nitride, quartz, tungsten or graphite), heating filaments (often made of metal tantalum), water cooling system, heat shields, and an orifice shutter.
Vapor pressure measurement
The Knudsen cell is used to measure the vapor pressures of a solid with very low vapor pressure. Such a solid forms a vapor at low pressure by sublimation. The vapor slowly effuses through the pinhole, and the loss of mass is proportional to the vapor pressure and can be used to determine this pressure. The heat of sublimation can also be determined by measuring the vapor pressure as a function of temperature, using the Clausius–Clapeyron relation.
References
Crystallography
Semiconductor growth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magic%20Crystal | The Magic Crystal (; released in the Philippines as Fight to Win) is a 1986 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Wong Jing. The film stars Andy Lau, Max Mok and Cynthia Rothrock.
Plot
An important piece of document to be presented as evidence in court the next day against triad boss has been stolen from the Hong Kong police. Due to the time constraints, Sergeant Shek of the Special Duty Unit employs mercenary Andy Lo , known as the "Eagle Hunter", to retrieve it. Andy breaks into the triad boss's mansion where he fights his henchmen and tricks the triad boss into opening his safe where the document is hidden.
Later, Andy receives a letter from his archaeologist friend, Shum Kwan, where he discovered a mysterious artifact in Greece and wants Andy to examine it with him, but also warns him to be cautious as Shum is being tailed by international spies. Andy arrives in Greece with his nephew, Ban-ban, and assistant, Snooker. While Andy was sightseeing at the Parthenon with Ban-ban and Snooker, he bumps into Shum. Shum is ambushed and chased down by KGB thugs posing as Interpol agents. Andy, along with actual agents Cindy Morgan and Billy give chase and beat up the thugs while Shum escapes. Afterwards, Cindy and her partner reveals to Andy that they know of his identity as the Eagle Hunter and informs him of Shum's situation of being hunted by the KGB and persuades him to cooperate with them to help his friend.
Shum arrives at the hotel where Andy was residing but gets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine%20dehydratase | Serine dehydratase or L-serine ammonia lyase (SDH) is in the β-family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes. SDH is found widely in nature, but its structure and properties vary among species. SDH is found in yeast, bacteria, and the cytoplasm of mammalian hepatocytes. SDH catalyzes the deamination of L-serine to yield pyruvate, with the release of ammonia.
This enzyme has one substrate, L-serine, and two products, pyruvate and NH3, and uses one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). The enzyme's main role is in gluconeogenesis in the liver's cytoplasm.
Nomenclature
Serine Dehydratase is also known as:
L-serine ammonia-lyase
Serine deaminase
L-hydroxyaminoacid dehydratase
L-serine deaminase
L-serine dehydratase
L-serine hydro-lyase
Structure
The holoenzyme SDH contains 319 residues, one PLP cofactor molecule. The overall fold of the monomer is very similar to that of other PLP-dependent enzymes of the Beta-family. The enzyme contains a large catalytic domain that binds PLP and a small domain. The domains are linked by two residues 32-35 and 138-146, with the internal gap created being the space for the active site
Cofactor Binding
The PLP cofactor is positioned in between the Beta-strands 7 and 10 of the large domain and lies on the large internal gap made between small and large domain. The cofactor is covalently bonded through a Schiff base linkage to Lys41. The cofactor is sandwiched between the side chain of Phe40 and the main chain of Ala222. Each of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-serine%20dehydratase | L-serine dehydratase may refer to:
Serine dehydratase, an enzyme
Threonine ammonia-lyase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20resistance-associated%20macrophage%20protein%202 | Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (NRAMP 2), also known as divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and divalent cation transporter 1 (DCT1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC11A2 (solute carrier family 11, member 2) gene. DMT1 represents a large family of orthologous metal ion transporter proteins that are highly conserved from bacteria to humans.
As its name suggests, DMT1 binds a variety of divalent metals including cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), and zinc (Zn2+,); however, it is best known for its role in transporting ferrous iron (Fe2+). DMT1 expression is regulated by body iron stores to maintain iron homeostasis. DMT1 is also important in the absorption and transport of manganese (Mn2+). In the digestive tract, it is located on the apical membrane of enterocytes, where it carries out H+-coupled transport of divalent metal cations from the intestinal lumen into the cell.
Function
Iron is not only essential for the human body, it is required for all organisms in order for them to be able to grow. Iron also participates in many metabolic pathways. Iron deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia thus iron regulation is very crucial in the human body.
In mammals
The process of iron transportation consists of iron being reduced by ferrireductases that are present on the cell surface or by dietary reductants such as ascorbate (Vitamin C). Once the Fe3+ has been reduced to Fe2+, the DMT1 transporter protein transports the Fe2+ ions into the c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissible%20heuristic | In computer science, specifically in algorithms related to pathfinding, a heuristic function is said to be admissible if it never overestimates the cost of reaching the goal, i.e. the cost it estimates to reach the goal is not higher than the lowest possible cost from the current point in the path.
It is related to the concept of consistent heuristics. While all consistent heuristics are admissible, not all admissible heuristics are consistent.
Search algorithms
An admissible heuristic is used to estimate the cost of reaching the goal state in an informed search algorithm. In order for a heuristic
to be admissible to the search problem, the estimated cost must always be lower than or equal to the actual cost of reaching the goal state.
The search algorithm uses the admissible heuristic to find an estimated
optimal path to the goal state from the current node.
For example, in A* search the evaluation function (where
is the current node) is:
where
= the evaluation function.
= the cost from the start node to the current node
= estimated cost from current node to goal.
is calculated using the heuristic
function. With a non-admissible heuristic, the A* algorithm could
overlook the optimal solution to a search problem due to an
overestimation in .
Formulation
is a node
is a heuristic
is cost indicated by to reach a goal from
is the optimal cost to reach a goal from
is admissible if,
Construction
An admissible heuristic can be derived from a relaxed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier%20P%C3%A1ez | Javier Marcelo Páez (born September 23, 1975 in Merlo) is an Argentine football defender.
References
Javier Páez – Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
Profile and statistics of Javier Páez on One.co.il
1975 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Deportivo Español footballers
Talleres de Córdoba footballers
Club Olimpo footballers
S.D. Quito footballers
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Atlético Tucumán footballers
Chacarita Juniors footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Israeli Premier League players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry%20and%20Bedworth%20urban%20area | The Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area or Coventry Built-up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 359,252 at the 2011 census, which made it the 16th largest conurbation in England and Wales by population. It is also one of the most densely populated. In the 2021 census the population of the urban area was recorded at 389,603.
Details
The largest settlement is Coventry (population 352,900) which is within the West Midlands County. Bedworth (population 30,648) and Binley Woods (population 2,665) are the other main parts of the conurbation and both lie in the county Warwickshire in the districts of Nuneaton and Bedworth and the Borough of Rugby respectively. There are no other towns in the conurbation.
There is a very small amount of green belt between the Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area and the Nuneaton Urban Area in the north -- however with the development of industrial and retail units in south Nuneaton, the two conurbations are virtually connected -- and also between Coventry and Kenilworth. A larger area of green belt exists between Coventry and the Greater West Midlands Urban Area which extends to about 5 miles.
References
Urban areas of England
Geography of the West Midlands (county)
Coventry
Geography of Warwickshire
Bedworth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuto | Livonir Ruschel, simply known as Tuto (born 2 July 1979 in Dionísio Cerqueira) is a Brazilian professional footballer.
Club statistics
External links
Player profile and statistics of Livonir Ruschel on One.co.il
1979 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League (1992–1998) players
Israeli Premier League players
Kawasaki Frontale players
FC Tokyo players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Omiya Ardija players
Shonan Bellmare players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
Associação Chapecoense de Futebol players
Beitar Jerusalem F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%20Gonz%C3%A1lez%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201976%29 | Cristian Mario González Aidinovich (born December 19, 1976) is an Uruguayan retired football player.
External links
Profile and statistics of Cristian Gonzalez on One.co.il
Profile at tenfieldigital
1976 births
Living people
Uruguayan men's footballers
Uruguay men's international footballers
Uruguayan Primera División players
Segunda División players
Israeli Premier League players
Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo) players
Defensor Sporting players
Peñarol players
UD Las Palmas players
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. players
F.C. Ashdod players
Club Atlético River Plate (Montevideo) players
Beitar Jerusalem F.C. players
Club Plaza Colonia de Deportes players
Deportivo Maldonado players
El Tanque Sisley players
Sud América players
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Canelones Department |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20End%2C%20Seattle | The South End (Soufend) is a group of neighborhoods in the southeast of Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. The definition is a bit fluid, but has traditionally included the area south of the Central District, and east of Interstate 5: Rainier Valley, Columbia City, Rainier Beach, Seward Park, Mount Baker, and Beacon Hill. Sometimes its definition is extended to Skyway and Bryn Mawr in unincorporated King County, though these are not technically in the city. Other definitions have included northern parts of Renton and Tukwila, though most Seattleites, especially those from the South End, would consider this usage incorrect. Often the term "South End" is used colloquially to include neighboring portions of South King County, by people living in those areas, due to that area's location in reference to Seattle proper.
The South End has traditionally been a diverse neighborhood with a mix of Caucasian, African American, Latino and Asian communities. It is currently going through a period of redevelopment and gentrification, and was a target of former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels's action agenda and Sound Transit's Link light rail. There is a high school sports rivalry between the South End's high schools Rainier Beach and Franklin and the Central District's Garfield. Today the neighborhood has a population of 84,180 and is 34% Asian, 27% White or Caucasian, 23% Black or African-American, 8% Hispanic and 5% other races or of mixed race.
Notes
External links
Elizabeth Rhodes, Sitting pre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic%20equation | In a physical (and especially geophysical) simulation context, a diagnostic equation (or diagnostic model) is an equation (or model) that links the values of these variables simultaneously, either because the equation (or model) is time-independent, or because the variables all refer to the values they have at the identical time. This is by opposition to a prognostic equation.
For instance, the so-called ideal gas law (PV = nRT) of classical thermodynamics relates the state variables of that gas, all estimated at the same time. It is understood that the values of any one of these variables can change in time, but the relation between these variables will remain valid at each and every particular instant, which implies that one variable cannot change its value without the value of another variable also being affected.
References
James R. Holton (2004) An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Academic Press, International Geophysics Series Volume 88, Fourth Edition, 535 p., , .
External links
Amsglossary.allenpress.com
Atmospheric dynamics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prognostic%20equation | Prognostic equation - in the context of physical (and especially geophysical) simulation, a prognostic equation predicts the value of variables for some time in the future on the basis of the values at the current or previous times.
For instance, the well-known Navier-Stokes equations that describe the time evolution of a fluid are prognostic equations that predict the future distribution of velocities in that fluid on the basis of current fields such as the pressure gradient.
See also
diagnostic equation
References
James R. Holton (2004) An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Academic Press, International Geophysics Series Volume 88, Fourth Edition, 535 p., , .
See also
http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Prognostic_equation
Atmospheric dynamics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsity | Intrinsity was a privately held Austin, Texas based fabless semiconductor company; it was founded in 1997 as EVSX on the remnants of Exponential Technology and changed its name to Intrinsity in 2000. It had around 100 employees and supplied tools and services for highly efficient semiconductor logic design, enabling high performance microprocessors with fewer transistors and low power consumption. The acquisition of the firm by Apple Inc. was confirmed on April 27, 2010.
Products
Intrinsity's main selling point was its Fast14 technology, a set of design tools implemented in custom EDA software, for using dynamic logic and novel signal encodings to permit greater processor speeds in a given process than naive static design can offer.
Concepts used in Fast14 are described in a white paper: and include the use of multi-phase clocks so that synchronisation is not required at every cycle boundary (that is, a pipelined design does not require latches at every clock cycle); 1-of-N encoding where a signal with N states is carried as a voltage on one of N wires with the other N-1 grounded, rather than being carried on log(N) wires which can be in arbitrary states; and a variety of sophisticated routing algorithms including ones which permute the order of the wires in a bundle carrying a 1-of-N signal in such a way as to reduce noise exposure, and ones which allow complicated gates to 'borrow' delay from simple ones to allow a shorter clock cycle than a more pessimistic design appro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversed%20electrodialysis | Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is the salinity gradient energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. A method of utilizing the energy produced by this process by means of a heat engine was invented by Prof. Sidney Loeb in 1977 at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
--United States Patent US4171409
In reverse electrodialysis a salt solution and fresh water are let through a stack of alternating cation and anion exchange membranes. The chemical potential difference between salt and fresh water generates a voltage over each membrane and the total potential of the system is the sum of the potential differences over all membranes. The process works through difference in ion concentration instead of an electric field, which has implications for the type of membrane needed.
In RED, as in a fuel cell, the cells are stacked. A module with a capacity of 250 kW has the size of a shipping container.
In the Netherlands, for example, more than 3,300 m3 fresh water runs into the sea per second on average. The membrane halves the pressure differences which results in a water column of approximately 135 meters. The energy potential is therefore e=mgΔh=3.3*106 kg/s*10 m/s2*135 meters ca.= 4.5*109 Joule per second, Power=4.5 gigawatts.
Development
In 2006 a 50 kW plant was located at a coastal test site in Harlingen, the Netherlands, the focus being on prevention of biofouling of the anode, cathode, and membranes and increasing the mem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifi202 | Ifi202 is a mouse gene (encodes for the p202 protein). Increased expression levels of the Ifi202 mRNA and nuclear localization of p202 protein in immune cells are associated with the development of autoimmunity in certain strains of mice. Therefore, the gene has been implicated in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease responsible for attacking many types of organs. Ifi202 gene encodes for p202 protein, which belongs to the p200-protein family. The IFI family of genes is inducible by type 1 interferon and interferon gamma.
The relationship between increased ifi202 expression and SLE was first suggested by Rozzo et al. in 2001. It was discovered due to the over-expression of p202 in splenic B cells of mice showing similar symptoms as lupus. Currently the prototypical mouse model for SLE is (NZWxNZB)F1, which is short for the first generation offspring of New Zealand Black and New Zealand White mice. The overproduction of p202 seems to lead to the suppression of p53 protein, which is a regulatory protein in the process of apoptosis. This is hypothesized to contribute to some of the symptoms of SLE.
The p202 protein has the following structure
A 52kDa nuclear phosphoprotein
Humans have an ifi202 and ifi204 similar gene known as ifi16. They share some similarities in the amino acid sequence.
Ifi202 is known to be regulated by IL-6. The binding of IL-6 to its receptors leads to the activation STAT3 (Signal Transducer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propensity%20probability | The propensity theory of probability is a probability interpretation in which the probability is thought of as a physical propensity, disposition, or tendency of a given type of situation to yield an outcome of a certain kind, or to yield a long-run relative frequency of such an outcome.
Propensities are not relative frequencies, but purported causes of the observed stable relative frequencies. Propensities are invoked to explain why repeating a certain kind of experiment will generate a given outcome type at a persistent rate. Stable long-run frequencies are a manifestation of invariant single-case probabilities. Frequentists are unable to take this approach, since relative frequencies do not exist for single tosses of a coin, but only for large ensembles or collectives. These single-case probabilities are known as propensities or chances.
In addition to explaining the emergence of stable relative frequencies, the idea of propensity is motivated by the desire to make sense of single-case probability attributions in quantum mechanics, such as the probability of decay of a particular atom at a particular moment.
History
A propensity theory of probability was given by Charles Sanders Peirce.
Karl Popper
A later propensity theory was proposed by philosopher Karl Popper, who had only slight acquaintance with the writings of Charles S. Peirce, however. Popper noted that the outcome of a physical experiment is produced by a certain set of "generating conditions". When we |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav1.9 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Nav1.9}}
Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type XI, alpha subunit also known as SCN11A or Nav1.9 is a voltage-gated sodium ion channel protein which is encoded by the SCN11A gene on chromosome 3 in humans. Like Nav1.7 and Nav1.8, Nav1.9 plays a role in pain perception. This channel is largely expressed in small-diameter nociceptors of the dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglion neurons, but is also found in intrinsic myenteric neurons.
Function
Voltage-gated sodium channels are membrane protein complexes that play a fundamental role in the rising phase of the action potential in most excitable cells. Alpha subunits, such as SCN11A, mediate voltage-dependent gating and conductance, while auxiliary beta subunits regulate the kinetic properties of the channel and facilitate membrane localization of the complex. Aberrant expression patterns or mutations of alpha subunits underlie a number of disorders. Each alpha subunit consists of 4 domains connected by 3 intracellular loops; each domain consists of 6 transmembrane segments and intra- and extracellular linkers. The 4th transmembrane segment of each domain is the voltage-sensing region of the channel. Following depolarization of the cell, voltage-gated sodium channels become inactivated through a change in conformation in which the 4th segments in each domain move into the pore region in response to the highly positive voltage expressed at the peak of the action potential. This effectively blocks the Na+ po |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake%20forecasting | Earthquake forecasting is a branch of the science of seismology concerned with the probabilistic assessment of general earthquake seismic hazard, including the frequency and magnitude of damaging earthquakes in a given area over years or decades. While forecasting is usually considered to be a type of prediction, earthquake forecasting is often differentiated from earthquake prediction, whose goal is the specification of the time, location, and magnitude of future earthquakes with sufficient precision that a warning can be issued. Both forecasting and prediction of earthquakes are distinguished from earthquake warning systems, which, upon detection of an earthquake, provide a real-time warning to regions that might be affected.
In the 1970s, scientists were optimistic that a practical method for predicting earthquakes would soon be found, but by the 1990s continuing failure led many to question whether it was even possible. Demonstrably successful predictions of large earthquakes have not occurred, and the few claims of success are controversial. Consequently, many scientific and government resources have been used for probabilistic seismic hazard estimates rather than prediction of individual earthquakes. Such estimates are used to establish building codes, insurance rate structures, awareness and preparedness programs, and public policy related to seismic events. In addition to regional earthquake forecasts, such seismic hazard calculations can take factors such as local g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20power%20in%20Germany | Solar power accounted for an estimated 8.2 per cent of electricity in Germany in 2019, which was almost exclusively from photovoltaics (PV).
About 1.5 million photovoltaic systems were installed around the country in 2014, ranging from small rooftop systems, to medium commercial and large utility-scale solar parks. Germany's largest solar farms are located in Meuro, Neuhardenberg, and Templin with capacities over 100 MW.
Germany has been among the world's top PV installer for several years, with total installed capacity amounting to 67.3 gigawatts (GW) by the end of 2022. Germany's 807 watts of solar PV per capita (2022) is the third highest in the world, behind only Australia and the Netherlands.
It's estimated that by 2017 over 70% of the country's jobs in the solar industry have been lost in the solar sector in recent years. Proponents from the PV industry blame the lack of governmental commitment, while others point out the financial burden associated with the fast-paced roll-out of photovoltaics, rendering the transition to renewable energies unsustainable in their view.
Germany's official governmental goal is to continuously increase renewables' contribution to the country's overall electricity consumption. Long-term targets are 80% renewable electricity by 2030 and full decarbonization before 2040.
The country is increasingly producing more electricity at specific times with high solar irradiation than it needs, driving down spot-market prices and exporting its su |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Cohen%20%28British%20biochemist%29 | Sir Philip Cohen (born 22 July 1945) is a British researcher, academic and Royal Medal winner based at the Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences at the University of Dundee.
During the 1990s he was the world's third most cited professor (and the second most cited in the fields of biology and biochemistry) and has been described by Professor Garry Taylor of the University of St Andrews as "one of the world’s top scientists". and by Professor Sir Peter Downes as "arguably the UK's leading biochemist and an iconic figure in UK science".
As of 2008 he has written over 470 peer-reviewed papers and given over 250 invited lectures in 33 countries, and has been repeatedly linked to a move of biotechnology companies to Dundee and the economic regeneration that came with it, to the point where 15% of the local economy is derived from biotech companies and their employees. His work has also seen Dundee attracting some of the world's best scientists, with over 1% of the world's most cited scientists residing in Dundee and fundraising of more than £35 million over the last 10 years to help attract them.
Early life and career
He was born in Middlesex, and after leaving Hendon County Grammar School he attended University College London, where he was awarded a BSc in 1966 with first class honours and a PhD in 1969 under Michael Rosemeyer.
After leaving UCL he spent two years at the University of Washington doing postgraduate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3WBC | 3WBC FM is a local radio station in Melbourne, Australia with a frequency of 94.1 MHz. The station is operated under licence by
Whitehorse-Boroondara Community FM Radio Incorporated. It often involves local school students in its programs and is developing a larger audience. Discussion topics include current events such as global warming.
Since November 2007, 3WBC has broadcast from studios in the Box Hill town hall, located in Box Hill, a suburb of Melbourne.
History
The Inner Eastern suburban area (that being the area comprising the then cities of Box Hill, Camberwell, Hawthorn and Kew or the cities of Boroondara and Whitehorse) was without a local radio service at the time of the formation and development of the suburban community radio groups such as SCB, ECB, VYV, MDR, etc.
The Inner Eastern municipal areas lacked local service and were designated by the then ABA as a potential new area prior to licensing of the first group of Sub-Metropolitan stations offered to Southern Community Broadcasters as an addition to its licence area.
Southern Community Broadcasters - after AGMs and resolutions had after an initial interest in the addition of the area to its own, had rejected the proposal - claiming the Inner East was not an area that shared the Bayside / Inner South identity.
This left options open for a local community radio service to cover the Inner eastern suburbs of Melbourne
When a 5-watt transmitter was first installed on top of the water tower at the corner of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VS%20ribozyme | The Varkud satellite (VS) ribozyme is an RNA enzyme that carries out the cleavage of a phosphodiester bond.
Introduction
Varkud satellite (VS) ribozyme is the largest known nucleolytic ribozyme and found to be embedded in VS RNA. VS RNA is a long non-coding RNA exists as a satellite RNA and is found in mitochondria of Varkud-1C and few other strains of Neurospora. VS ribozyme contains features of both catalytic RNAs and group 1 introns. VS ribozyme has both cleavage and ligation activity and can perform both cleavage and ligation reactions efficiently in the absence of proteins. VS ribozyme undergo horizontal gene transfer with other Neurospora strains. VS ribozymes have nothing in common with other nucleolytic ribozymes.
VS RNA has a unique primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. The secondary structure of the VS ribozyme consists of six helical domains (Figure 1). Stem loop I forms the substrate domain while stem-loop II-VI forms the catalytic domain. When these 2 domains are synthesized in vitro separately, they can perform the self-cleavage reaction by trans-acting The substrate binds into a cleft which is made by two helices. The likely active site of the ribozyme is a very important nucleotide A756. The A730 loop and A756 nucleotide are critical to its function since they participate in the phosphoric transfer chemistry activity of the ribozyme
The Origin
VS RNA is transcribed as a multimeric transcript from VS DNA. VS DNA contains a region coding reverse transcr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse%20into%20Space | Mouse into Space is a Tom and Jerry animated short film released on April 13, 1962 (copyrighted 1961). It was the fifth of the thirteen cartoons in the series to be directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L. Snyder in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
Plot
The short begins with Jerry reading a magazine, in which they announce "that life is much better in space for a mouse" and Tom stealthily places a revolver to Jerry's head and shoots, but Jerry reacts quickly and avoids his death. He gets angry and continues reading, but Tom plants a bomb that Jerry pushes out just before it explodes.
Jerry reads that there are no cats in space, so he packs up to head off to space. A sad Tom tries to convince him to stay putting a hammer, a revolver, and even a bomb on his head, but Jerry ruthlessly ignores him and leaves home, saddening Tom. Jerry enlists as an astro-mouse, and after passing the test he proceeds to the rocket ship. Tom falls into depression and drinks alcohol on an evening walk, and in his intoxicated state, he sleeps in a tube that was actually the gasoline hose of a rocket. By night, a fuel truck arrives and a man resembling Tom’s owner from Down and Outing and High Steaks gets down to connect the hose to the fuel tank of the truck and turns the crank, releasing gasoline into the hose. Tom wakes up from the noise but unfortunately, the gasoline has already drowned him so he tries to swim above, but moments later the astronaut hits the launch button, igniting the gasoline |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Israel | This page details football records in Israel.
National team
See Israel national football team records.
League
Records in this section refer to Palestine League from its founding in 1931 to 1947, Israeli League from 1949 to 1950, Liga Alef from 1951 to 1955, Liga Leumit from 1955 to 1999 and to the Premier League since the 1999 season.
Titles
Most League titles: 23, Maccabi Tel Aviv (1936, 1937, 1941–42, 1946–47, 1949–50, 1951–52, 1953–54, 1955–56, 1957–58, 1966–68, 1969–70, 1971–72, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2002–03, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20)
Most consecutive League titles: 5, Hapoel Petah Tikva (1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63)
Top-flight Appearances
Most appearances: 70 seasons, Maccabi Tel Aviv (1949–present)
Most consecutive seasons in top-flight: 70 seasons, Maccabi Tel Aviv (1949–present)
Unbeaten runs
Longest unbeaten League run: 48, Maccabi Haifa (Liga Leumit, between 3 April 1993 and 10 October 1994)
Points
Most points in a season:
2 points for a win: 47, Maccabi Netanya (Liga Leumit, 1970–71)
3 points for a win: 95, Maccabi Haifa (Liga Leumit, 1993–94)
Fewest points in a season
2 points for a win: 0, Maccabi Nes Tziona (Israeli League, 1949–50)
3 points for a win: 10, joint record:
Beitar Netanya (Liga Leumit, 1986–87)
Maccabi Jaffa (Liga Leumit, 1998–99)
Team
Most top-flight goals scored in a season: 103, Maccabi Tel Aviv (Israeli League, 1949–50)
Promotion and change in position
Highest finish by a promoted |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinned-array%20curse | The thinned-array curse (sometimes, sparse-array curse) is a theorem in electromagnetic theory of antennas. It states that a transmitting antenna which is synthesized from a coherent phased array of smaller antenna apertures that are spaced apart will have a smaller minimum beam spot size, but the amount of power that is beamed into this main lobe is reduced by an exactly proportional amount, so that the total power density in the beam is constant.
The origin of the term is not clear. Robert L. Forward cites use of the term in unpublished Hughes Research Laboratories reports dating from 1976.
Example
Consider a number of small sub-apertures that are mutually adjacent to one another, so that they form a filled aperture array. Suppose that they are in orbit, beaming microwaves at a spot on the ground. Now, suppose you hold constant the number of sub-apertures and the power emitted by each, but separate the sub-apertures (while keeping them mutually phased) so as to synthesize a larger aperture. The spot size on the ground is reduced in size proportionally to the diameter of the synthesized array (and hence the area is reduced proportionally to the diameter of the synthesized array squared), but the power density at the ground is unchanged.
Thus:
The array is radiating the same amount of power (since each individual sub-aperture making the array radiates a constant amount of power whether or not it is adjacent the next aperture).
It has the same power per unit area |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASB%20133 | Launched prior to the millennium, (and subsequently amended) FAS 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provided an "integrated accounting framework for derivative instruments and hedging activities."
FAS 133 Overview
Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, commonly known as FAS 133, is an accounting standard issued in June 1998 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) that requires companies to measure all assets and liabilities on their balance sheet at “fair value”. This standard was created in response to significant hedging losses involving derivatives years ago and the attempt to control and manage corporate hedging as risk management not earnings management.
All derivatives within the scope of FAS133 must be recorded at fair value as an asset or liability. Hedge accounting may be applied if there is hedge documentation and gains and losses in the value of the derivative with gains and losses in the value of the underlying transaction.
To be designated and qualify for FAS 133 hedge accounting, a commodity (hedged item) and its hedging instrument must have a correlation ratio between 80% and 125%, and the reporting enterprise must have hedge documentation in place at the inception of the hedge. If these criteria are not met, hedge accounting cannot be applied. The non-applicability of hedge accounting can lead to significant volatility in corporate earning |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Conservation%20and%20Development%20Project | Integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) are biodiversity conservation projects with rural development components. This is an approach that aspires to combine social development with conservation goals(Hughes and Flintan 2001). These projects look to deal with biodiversity conservation objectives through the use of socio-economic investment tools. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) first introduced ICDPs in the mid 1980s. They wanted to attend to some of the problems associated with the “fines and fences” (nonparticipatory) approach to conservation (4-Abdoulaye Ndiaye 2001).
ICDPs under WWF
The Wildlands & Human Needs Program was initiated in 1985 by WWF and incorporated19 ICDPs in 12 countries in Africa and South America. They wanted to improve the quality of life of rural people through projects that integrated the management of natural resources with economic development. Today there are around 300 ICDPs (1-Hughes and Flintan 2001).
Various names of ICDPs
ICDPs have many different names like “People-Centered Conservation and Development”, “Eco-development”, “grassroots conservation”, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) and community wildlife management (CWM).
All of which were created by the conservation organizations, rather than the indigenous people (2-Chapin 2004).
Characteristics of ICDPs
Biodiversity conservation is the primary goal, but ICDPs also like to deal with the social and economic requirements of communities who might |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy-junction%20transistor | The germanium alloy-junction transistor, or alloy transistor, was an early type of bipolar junction transistor, developed at General Electric and RCA in 1951 as an improvement over the earlier grown-junction transistor.
The usual construction of an alloy-junction transistor is a germanium crystal forming the base, with emitter and collector alloy beads fused on opposite sides. Indium and antimony were commonly used to form the alloy junctions on a bar of N-type germanium. The collector junction pellet would be about 50 mils (thousandths of an inch) in diameter, and the emitter pellet about 20 mils. The base region would be on the order of 1 mil (0.001 inches, 25 μm) thick. There were several types of improved alloy-junction transistors developed over the years that they were manufactured.
All types of alloy-junction transistors became obsolete in the early 1960s, with the introduction of the planar transistor which could be mass-produced easily while alloy-junction transistors had to be made individually. The first germanium planar transistors had much worse characteristics than alloy-junction germanium transistors of the period, but they cost much less, and the characteristics of planar transistors improved very rapidly, quickly exceeding those of all earlier germanium transistors.
Micro-alloy transistor
The micro-alloy transistor (MAT) was developed by Philco as an improved type of alloy-junction transistor, it offered much higher speed.
It is constructed of a semic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglutinin | Conglutinin is a collectin protein.
External links
Collectins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant%20protein%20D | Surfactant protein D, also known as SP-D, is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of proteins called collectin. In humans, SP-D is encoded by the SFTPD gene and is part of the innate immune system. Each SP-D subunit is composed of an N-terminal domain, a collagenous region, a nucleating neck region, and a C-terminal lectin domain. Three of these subunits assemble to form a homotrimer, which further assemble into a tetrameric complex.
Interactions
Surfactant protein D has been shown to interact with DMBT1, and hemagglutinin of influenza A virus. Post-translational modification of SP-D i.e. S-nitrosylation switches its function.
See also
pulmonary surfactant
References
Further reading
External links
Collectins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant%20protein%20A | Surfactant protein A is an innate immune system collectin. It is water-soluble and has collagen-like domains similar to SP-D. It is part of the innate immune system and is used to opsonize bacterial cells in the alveoli marking them for phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. SP-A may also play a role in negative feedback limiting the secretion of pulmonary surfactant. SP-A is not required for pulmonary surfactant to function but does confer immune effects to the organism.
During parturition
The role of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in childbirth is indicated in studies with mice. Mice which gestate for 19 days typically show signs of SP-A in amniotic fluid at around 16 days. If SP-A is injected into the uterus at 15 days, mice typically deliver early. Inversely, an SP-A inhibitor injection causes notable delays in birth.
The presence of surfactant protein A seemed to trigger an inflammatory response in the uterus of the mice, but later studies found an anti-inflammatory response in humans. In fact, the level of SP-A in a human uterus typically decreases during labor.
Immune functions
Research on SP-A has been done mainly in rodents including mice and rats. This research has shown that mice deficient in SP-A are more susceptible to infections from group B Streptoccoal organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and likely other organisms. The immune functions of SP-A are time, temperature, and concentration dependant.
Location
SP-A is found in the pulmonary surfactant in lungs. SP-A a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant%20protein%20B | Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a deep breath out. It rearranges lipid molecules in the fluid lining the lung so that tiny air sacs in the lung, called alveoli, can more easily inflate.
Gene
SP-B is encoded by SFTPB, a single, 11425 nucleotide long gene on chromosome 2. Mutations in this gene are the basis for several of the lung conditions mentioned above. Both frameshift mutations and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found correlated to a variety of lung conditions. A frame shift mutation responsible for congenital alveolar proteinosis (CAP) was identified by Kattan et al. Many SNP's have been identified in relation to lung conditions. They have been correlated to severe influenza, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation necessity, and more.
Protein
Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is a small protein, weighing about 8 kDa. Proteins are composed of building blocks called amino acids, and SP-B is composed of 79 of them (Valine, alanine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and tryptophan being found in the highest levels). Nine of these carry with them a positive charge, and two carry a negative charge, leaving a protein with a net (total) charge of +7. In the body, two molecules of SP-B stick together and form what is called a homodimer. These are found embedded into membranes and other lipid structures, SP-B is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant%20protein%20C | Surfactant protein C (SP-C), is one of the pulmonary surfactant proteins. In humans this is encoded by the SFTPC gene.
It is a membrane protein.
Structure
SFTPC is a 197-residue protein made up of two halves: a unique N-terminal propeptide domain and a C-terminal BRICHOS domain. The around 100-aa long propeptide domain actually contains not only the cleaved part, but also the mature peptide. It can be further broken down into a 23-aa helical transmembrane propeptide proper, the mature secreted SP-C (24-58), and a linker (59-89) that connects to the BRICHOS domain.
The propeptide of pulmonary surfactant C has an N-terminal alpha-helical segment whose suggested function was stabilization of the protein structure, since the mature peptide can irreversibly transform from its native alpha-helical structure to beta-sheet aggregates and form amyloid fibrils. The correct intracellular trafficking of proSP-C has also been reported to depend on the propeptide.
The structure of the BRICHOS domain has been solved. Mutations in this domain also lead to amyloid fibrils made up of the mature peptide, suggesting a chaperone activity.
Clinical significance
Mutations are associated with surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 2.
Humans and animals born lacking SP-C tend to develop progressive interstitial lung disease.
Recombinant SP-C is used in Venticute, an artificial lung surfactant.
A process to mass-produce an analogue called rSP-C33Le by fusion with spidroin has been described. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectin-10 | Collectin-10, also known as collectin liver 1, is a collectin protein that in humans is encoded by the COLEC10 gene. Its structure is similar to mannan-binding lectin (MBL).
Collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) show very similar carbohydrate selectivity as MBL. Two other discovered collectins include collectin placenta 1 (CL-P1) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1). CL-L1's location found to be on chromosome 8 q23-24.1. Research concluded CL-L1 to be a serum protein.
References
External links
Collectins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-1%20receptor%20antagonist%20protein | The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RN) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RN gene.
IL-1RN was initially called the IL-1 inhibitor and was discovered separately in 1984 by two independent laboratories. IL-1RN is an agent that binds non-productively to the cell surface interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), the same receptor that binds interleukin 1 family (IL-1), preventing IL-1's from sending a signal to that cell.
Function
IL-1RA is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. IL1Ra is secreted by various types of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and adipocytes, and is a natural inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory effect of IL1β. This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. This gene and five other closely related cytokine genes form a gene cluster spanning approximately 400 kb on chromosome 2. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Clinical significance
A polymorphism of this gene is reported to be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and gastric cancer.
Mutations in the IL1RN gene results in a rare disease called deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist (DIRA). Variants of the IL1RN gene is also associated with risk of schizophrenia. Elevated levels of IL1RN has been found in serum of schizophrenia patient |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-18 | IL-18, IL 18 or IL18 may refer to:
Interleukin 18, a protein encoded in humans by the IL18 gene
Ilyushin Il-18, a Cold War–era Soviet airliner and military transport
Illinois's 18th congressional district, a defunct U.S. House district
Illinois Route 18, a rural east–west state road in central Illinois |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everglades%20virus | Everglades virus (EVEV) is an alphavirus included in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus complex. The virus circulates among rodents and vector mosquitoes and sometimes infects humans, causing a febrile illness with occasional neurological manifestations. Although it is said to be rare in humans it is still debated if this is the case because of the possibility of underdiagnosing as well as being a unrecognized cause of other illnesses. The virus is named after the Everglades, a region of subtropical wetlands in southern Florida. The virus is endemic to the U.S. state of Florida, where its geographic range mirrors that of the mosquito species Culex cedecei. Hispid cotton rat and cotton mouse are considered important reservoir hosts of Everglades virus. Most clinical cases of infection occur in and around the city of Miami. The abundance in clinical cases in certain parts of Florida comes from many factors such as population density and proximity to the hosts and their ecosystem.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of infection include:
Enlarged, tender lymph nodes
Fever
Headache
Malaise
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Transmission
The virus is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes of the genus Culex, specifically Culex cedecei.
References
Alphaviruses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%E2%80%9356%20Serie%20A | The 1955–56 Serie A season was won by Fiorentina.
Teams
Vicenza and Padova had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1955–56 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTAC%20Group | United Test and Assembly Center Ltd (Abbreviation: UTAC; ) is one of the largest providers of test and assembly services for a wide range of semiconductor devices, including memory, mixed-signal/RF and logic integrated circuits. Founded in 1997 by Inderjit Singh and commencing full operations in 1999, the company started out by acquiring the semiconductor test operations of Fujitsu Microelectronics Asia Pte. Ltd.
At the end of 2006, the company was ranked the fifth largest independent provider of semiconductor tests by Gartner Dataquest. Headquartered in Singapore, UTAC has manufacturing facilities in Singapore, Thailand, China, Indonesia and Malaysia with global sales offices located worldwide including the United States, Italy and Japan.
Significant milestones
In 2003, UTAC established its wholly owned Shanghai operations in Waigaoqiao - a free trade zone in Shanghai. It also formed an alliance with Amkor Technology Inc. in China, combining the strengths of both companies to create a powerful turnkey assembly and test supplier capable of supporting as well as Integrated Device Manufacturers looking to service their end customers in the China market. This partnership was further enhanced in 2007 when both companies announced that they had entered into a multi-year cross-licensing agreement under which Amkor would license its MicroLeadFrame patents to UTAC, and UTAC would license its QFN patents to Amkor. The agreement covers the license of intellectual property rights and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book%20of%20the%20Dean%20of%20Lismore | The Book of the Dean of Lismore () is a Scottish manuscript, compiled in eastern Perthshire in the first half of the 16th century. The chief compiler, after whom it is named, was James MacGregor (Seumas MacGriogair), vicar of Fortingall and titular Dean of Lismore Cathedral, although there are other probable scribes, including his brother Donnchadh and William Drummond (Uileam Druimeanach), curate of Fortingall. It is unrelated to the similarly named Book of Lismore, an Irish manuscript from the early 15th century.
The manuscript is primarily written in the "secretary hand" of Scotland, rather than the corra-litir style of hand-writing employed for written Gaelic in Ireland and Scotland. The orthography is the same kind used to write Lowland Scots, and was a common way of writing Scottish Gaelic in the Late Middle Ages.
Although the principal part of the manuscript's contents are in Gaelic, the manuscript as a whole is multilingual, and there are a significant number of texts written in Scots and Latin, including extracts from the Scots poets William Dunbar (d.1530) and Robert Henryson (d.1500), and there is a great deal of Gaelic-English diglossia throughout the manuscript. Many of the Gaelic texts are of Irish provenance, and in the case of bardic poetry, Irish poems outnumber Scottish poems 44 to 21.
The patrons of the manuscript appear to have been the Campbells of Glen Orchy, and the manuscript itself includes some of the poetry of Duncan Campbell (Donnchadh Caimbeul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20Lake%20%28Stradbroke%20Island%29 | Brown Lake (Bummeria) is a perched lake on North Stradbroke Island, in South-East Queensland, Australia. The ecosystem is an example of a coastal non-floodplain sand lake and is characterised by acidic water, nutrient-poor and sandy soil, shrub-like vegetation and wet heathland.
Brown Lake is of geographical significance, possessing ecological value. The geomorphology of the ecosystem is representative of the unique parabolic dune ridge systems that formed during the Pleistocene epoch. As a perched lake, the hydrological operations of Brown Lake are highly diverse and complex.
The lake is also of cultural significance to the Aboriginal population of North Stradbroke Island, the Quandamooka people, as they possess a spiritual and physical relationship with the ecosystem. The indigenous population care for and protect the landscape, sharing traditional environmental management knowledge.
Brown Lake’s cultural heritage and ecological value, along with the environmental damage associated with tourism, has led to increased conservation. The Queensland Government and the Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation (QYAC) have proposed an improved environmental management plan, combining traditional and contemporary management practices.
Geography
Brown Lake is 1 km in length and is located 4 km east of Dunwich, a small town on North Stradbroke Island. Brown Lake is in a subtropical climatic region; experiencing a wet season in the winter and a dry season in the summer. T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen%2C%20type%20XVII%2C%20alpha%201 | Collagen XVII, previously called BP180, is a transmembrane protein which plays a critical role in maintaining the linkage between the intracellular and the extracellular structural elements involved in epidermal adhesion, identified by Diaz and colleagues in 1990.
COL17A1 is the official name of the gene. It encodes the alpha chain of type XVII collagen. Collagen XVII is a transmembrane protein, like collagen XIII, XXIII and XXV. Collagen XVII is a structural component of hemidesmosomes, multiprotein complexes at the dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone that mediate adhesion of keratinocytes to the underlying membrane. It also appears to be a key protein in maintaining the integrity of the corneal epithelium. Mutations in this gene are associated with both generalized atrophic benign and junctional epidermolysis bullosa, as well as recurrent corneal erosions, and expression of this gene is abnormal in various cancers. Two homotrimeric forms of type XVII collagen exist. The full length form is the transmembrane protein. A soluble form, referred to as either ectodomain or LAD-1, is generated by proteolytic processing of the full length form.
Structure
Collagen XVII is a homotrimer of three alpha1(XVII)-chains and a transmembrane protein in type II orientation. Each 180 kD a-chain contains a globular intracellular domain of approximately 70 kDa, which interacts with beta4-integrin, plectin, and BP230 and is necessary for the stable attachment of hemidesmosomes to keratin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improved | Improved may refer to:
Improved clinch knot, a knot commonly used to secure a fishing line
Improved-definition television (IDTV)
Improved Touring, a category of classifications for cars in amateur road racing
Improved Orion, an American research rocket
LNWR Improved Precedent Class, a class of 2-4-0 steam locomotive originally designed for express passenger work
See also
Most Improved Player (disambiguation), a sports award
Past participle of Improvement |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20axis%20theorem | In geometry and linear algebra, a principal axis is a certain line in a Euclidean space associated with an ellipsoid or hyperboloid, generalizing the major and minor axes of an ellipse or hyperbola. The principal axis theorem states that the principal axes are perpendicular, and gives a constructive procedure for finding them.
Mathematically, the principal axis theorem is a generalization of the method of completing the square from elementary algebra. In linear algebra and functional analysis, the principal axis theorem is a geometrical counterpart of the spectral theorem. It has applications to the statistics of principal components analysis and the singular value decomposition. In physics, the theorem is fundamental to the studies of angular momentum and birefringence.
Motivation
The equations in the Cartesian plane R2:
define, respectively, an ellipse and a hyperbola. In each case, the x and y axes are the principal axes. This is easily seen, given that there are no cross-terms involving products xy in either expression. However, the situation is more complicated for equations like
Here some method is required to determine whether this is an ellipse or a hyperbola. The basic observation is that if, by completing the square, the quadratic expression can be reduced to a sum of two squares then the equation defines an ellipse, whereas if it reduces to a difference of two squares then the equation represents a hyperbola:
Thus, in our example expression, the problem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian%20Isra%C3%ABl | Sebastian Israël (, born 21 December 1977) is a former French-Israeli footballer.
External links
Profile and statistics of Sebastian Israël on One.co.il
1977 births
Living people
Israeli Jews
21st-century French Jews
Israeli men's footballers
French men's footballers
Jewish French sportspeople
Sektzia Ness Ziona F.C. players
Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C. players
Hapoel Marmorek F.C. players
Israeli Premier League players
Jewish men's footballers
Liga Leumit players
French emigrants to Israel
Men's association football midfielders |
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