source stringlengths 32 209 | text stringlengths 18 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20of%20subspace%20theorem | In mathematics, the quotient of subspace theorem is an important property of finite-dimensional normed spaces, discovered by Vitali Milman.
Let (X, ||·||) be an N-dimensional normed space. There exist subspaces Z ⊂ Y ⊂ X such that the following holds:
The quotient space E = Y / Z is of dimension dim E ≥ c N, where c > 0 is a universal constant.
The induced norm || · || on E, defined by
is uniformly isomorphic to Euclidean. That is, there exists a positive quadratic form ("Euclidean structure") Q on E, such that
for
with K > 1 a universal constant.
The statement is relative easy to prove by induction on the dimension of Z (even for Y=Z, X=0, c=1) with a K that depends only on N; the point of the theorem is that K is independent of N.
In fact, the constant c can be made arbitrarily close to 1, at the expense of the
constant K becoming large. The original proof allowed
Notes
References
Banach spaces
Asymptotic geometric analysis
Theorems in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dini%27s%20theorem | In the mathematical field of analysis, Dini's theorem says that if a monotone sequence of continuous functions converges pointwise on a compact space and if the limit function is also continuous, then the convergence is uniform.
Formal statement
If is a compact topological space, and is a monotonically increasing sequence (meaning for all and ) of continuous real-valued functions on which converges pointwise to a continuous function , then the convergence is uniform. The same conclusion holds if is monotonically decreasing instead of increasing. The theorem is named after Ulisse Dini.
This is one of the few situations in mathematics where pointwise convergence implies uniform convergence; the key is the greater control implied by the monotonicity. The limit function must be continuous, since a uniform limit of continuous functions is necessarily continuous. The continuity of the limit function cannot be inferred from the other hypothesis (consider in .)
Proof
Let be given. For each , let , and let be the set of those such that . Each is continuous, and so each is open (because each is the preimage of the open set under , a continuous function). Since is monotonically increasing, is monotonically decreasing, it follows that the sequence is ascending (i.e. for all ). Since converges pointwise to , it follows that the collection is an open cover of . By compactness, there is a finite subcover, and since are ascending the largest of these is a cover to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20conjugate%20root%20theorem | In mathematics, the complex conjugate root theorem states that if P is a polynomial in one variable with real coefficients, and a + bi is a root of P with a and b real numbers, then its complex conjugate a − bi is also a root of P.
It follows from this (and the fundamental theorem of algebra) that, if the degree of a real polynomial is odd, it must have at least one real root. That fact can also be proved by using the intermediate value theorem.
Examples and consequences
The polynomial x2 + 1 = 0 has roots ± i.
Any real square matrix of odd degree has at least one real eigenvalue. For example, if the matrix is orthogonal, then 1 or −1 is an eigenvalue.
The polynomial
has roots
and thus can be factored as
In computing the product of the last two factors, the imaginary parts cancel, and we get
The non-real factors come in pairs which when multiplied give quadratic polynomials with real coefficients. Since every polynomial with complex coefficients can be factored into 1st-degree factors (that is one way of stating the fundamental theorem of algebra), it follows that every polynomial with real coefficients can be factored into factors of degree no higher than 2: just 1st-degree and quadratic factors.
If the roots are and , they form a quadratic
.
If the third root is , this becomes
.
Corollary on odd-degree polynomials
It follows from the present theorem and the fundamental theorem of algebra that if the degree of a real polynomial is odd, it must have at |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-threshold%20CMOS | Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) is a variation of CMOS chip technology which has transistors with multiple threshold voltages (Vth) in order to optimize delay or power. The Vth of a MOSFET is the gate voltage where an inversion layer forms at the interface between the insulating layer (oxide) and the substrate (body) of the transistor. Low Vth devices switch faster, and are therefore useful on critical delay paths to minimize clock periods. The penalty is that low Vth devices have substantially higher static leakage power. High Vth devices are used on non-critical paths to reduce static leakage power without incurring a delay penalty. Typical high Vth devices reduce static leakage by 10 times compared with low Vth devices.
One method of creating devices with multiple threshold voltages is to apply different bias voltages (Vb) to the base or bulk terminal of the transistors. Other methods involve adjusting the gate oxide thickness, gate oxide dielectric constant (material type), or dopant concentration in the channel region beneath the gate oxide.
A common method of fabricating multi-threshold CMOS involves simply adding additional photolithography and ion implantation steps. For a given fabrication process, the Vth is adjusted by altering the concentration of dopant atoms in the channel region beneath the gate oxide. Typically, the concentration is adjusted by ion implantation method. For example, photolithography methods are applied to cover all devices except the p-MOSFETs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Riesz%20extension%20theorem | The M. Riesz extension theorem is a theorem in mathematics, proved by Marcel Riesz during his study of the problem of moments.
Formulation
Let be a real vector space, be a vector subspace, and be a convex cone.
A linear functional is called -positive, if it takes only non-negative values on the cone :
A linear functional is called a -positive extension of , if it is identical to in the domain of , and also returns a value of at least 0 for all points in the cone :
In general, a -positive linear functional on cannot be extended to a -positive linear functional on . Already in two dimensions one obtains a counterexample. Let and be the -axis. The positive functional can not be extended to a positive functional on .
However, the extension exists under the additional assumption that namely for every there exists an such that
Proof
The proof is similar to the proof of the Hahn–Banach theorem (see also below).
By transfinite induction or Zorn's lemma it is sufficient to consider the case dim .
Choose any . Set
We will prove below that . For now, choose any satisfying , and set , , and then extend to all of by linearity. We need to show that is -positive. Suppose . Then either , or or for some and . If , then . In the first remaining case , and so
by definition. Thus
In the second case, , and so similarly
by definition and so
In all cases, , and so is -positive.
We now prove that . Notice by assumption there exists at least one for which , and so |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Jack%20%28film%29 | Big Jack is a 1949 American Western film starring Wallace Beery, Richard Conte and Marjorie Main. The movie was directed by Richard Thorpe, and the screenplay was written by Gene Fowler and Otto Eis from the novel by Robert Thoeren. The picture is a comedy-drama, set on the American frontier in the early 1800s, about outlaws who befriend a young doctor in legal trouble for acquiring corpses for anatomical research.
This was Wallace Beery's final film, believed to be his 230th. He died on April 15, 1949, at age 64, three days after this movie's release. Also the final film to have a musical score by Herbert Stothart, who had died two months before the film's release.
Plot
Cast
Wallace Beery as Big Jack Horner
Richard Conte as Dr. Alexander Meade
Marjorie Main as Flapjack Kate
Edward Arnold as Mayor Mahoney
Vanessa Brown as Patricia Mahoney
Clinton Sundberg as C. Petronius Smith
Charles Dingle as Mathias Taylor
Clem Bevans as Saltlick Joe
Jack Lambert as Bud Valentine
Will Wright as Will Farnsworth
William Phillips as Toddy
Syd Saylor as Pokey
Andy Clyde as Putt Clegghorn
Richard Alexander as Bandit (uncredited)
Reception
According to MGM records the film earned $759,000 in the US and Canada and $156,000 elsewhere, resulting in a $291,000 loss.
See also
The other six Wallace Beery and Marjorie Main films:
Wyoming (1940)
Barnacle Bill (1941)
Jackass Mail (1942)
The Bugle Sounds (1942)
Rationing (1944)
Bad Bascomb (1946)
References
External links
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical%20Fluid%20Dynamics%20Laboratory%20Coupled%20Model | Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model (GFDL CM2.5) is a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) developed at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in the United States. It is one of the leading climate models used in the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, along with models developed at the Max Planck Institute for Climate Research, the Hadley Centre and the National Center for Atmospheric Research.
Composition
Atmosphere
The atmospheric component of the CM2.X models employs a 24-level atmosphere with horizontal resolution of 2° in east–west and 2.5° in north–south directions. This resolution is sufficient to resolve the large mid-latitude cyclones responsible for weather variability. It is too coarse, however, to resolve processes such as hurricanes or intense thunderstorm outbreaks. The atmosphere includes a representation of radiative fluxes, mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer, representations of the impacts of stratus and cumulus clouds, a scheme for representing drag on upper level winds caused by gravity waves, changes in the spatial distribution of ozone and the ability to represent the impact of multiple greenhouse gases.
Ocean
The ocean component is a 50-level ocean, run at a resolution of 1° in the east–west direction and varying in the north–south direction from 1 degree in the polar regions to 1/3 of a degree along the equator. This resolution is sufficient to resolve the equatorial current system, but is too |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyllysine | Methyllysine is derivative of the amino acid residue lysine where the sidechain ammonium group has been methylated one or more times.
Such methylated lysines play an important role in epigenetics; the methylation of specific lysines of certain histones in a nucleosome alters the binding of the surrounding DNA to those histones, which in turn affects the expression of genes on that DNA. The binding is affected because the effective radius of the positive charge is increased (methyl groups are larger than the hydrogen atoms they replace), reducing the strongest potential electrostatic attraction with the negatively charged DNA.
It is thought that the methylation of lysine (and arginine) on histone tails does not directly affect their binding to DNA. Rather, such methyl marks recruit other proteins that modulate chromatin structure.
In Protein Data Bank files, methylated lysines are indicated by the MLY or MLZ acronyms.
References
Alpha-Amino acids
Basic amino acids
Diamines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyllysine | Acetyllysine (or acetylated lysine) is an acetyl-derivative of the amino acid lysine. There are multiple forms of acetyllysine: this article is about N-ε-acetyl-L-lysine; the other form is N-α-acetyl-L-lysine.
In proteins, the acetylation of lysine residues is an important mechanism of epigenetics. It functions by regulating the binding of histones to DNA in nucleosomes and thereby controlling the expression of genes on that DNA. Non-histone proteins are acetylated as well. Unlike the functionally similar methyllysine, acetyllysine does not carry a positive charge on its side chain.
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) catalyze the addition of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA onto certain lysine residues of histones and non-histone proteins. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from acetylated lysines.
Acetyllysine can be synthesized from lysine by the selective acetylation of the terminal amine group.
References
Alpha-Amino acids
Acetamides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDiarmid%27s%20inequality | In probability theory and theoretical computer science, McDiarmid's inequality is a concentration inequality which bounds the deviation between the sampled value and the expected value of certain functions when they are evaluated on independent random variables. McDiarmid's inequality applies to functions that satisfy a bounded differences property, meaning that replacing a single argument to the function while leaving all other arguments unchanged cannot cause too large of a change in the value of the function.
Statement
A function satisfies the bounded differences property if substituting the value of the th coordinate changes the value of by at most . More formally, if there are constants such that for all , and all ,
Extensions
Unbalanced distributions
A stronger bound may be given when the arguments to the function are sampled from unbalanced distributions, such that resampling a single argument rarely causes a large change to the function value.
This may be used to characterize, for example, the value of a function on graphs when evaluated on sparse random graphs and hypergraphs, since in a sparse random graph, it is much more likely for any particular edge to be missing than to be present.
Differences bounded with high probability
McDiarmid's inequality may be extended to the case where the function being analyzed does not strictly satisfy the bounded differences property, but large differences remain very rare.
There exist stronger refinements to this anal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudghene%20Ben%20Ali%20Lotfi%20Airport | Boudghene Ben Ali Lotfi Airport () is an airport located 5 km north of Béchar, a city in the Béchar Province of Algeria.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
See also
List of airports in Algeria
Béchar Ouakda aerodrome
Benali Boudghene
References
External links
Airports in Algeria
Buildings and structures in Béchar Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicolumn%20countercurrent%20solvent%20gradient%20purification | Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is a form of chromatography that is used to separate or purify biomolecules from complex mixtures. It was developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich by Aumann and Morbidelli. The process consists of two to six chromatographic columns which are connected to one another in such a way that as the mixture moves through the columns the compound is purified into several fractions.
Overview
The MCSGP process consists of several, at least two, chromatographic columns which are switched in position opposite to the flow direction. Most of the columns are equipped with a gradient pump to adjust the modifier concentration at the column inlet. Some columns are connected directly, so that non pure product streams are internally recycled. Other columns are short circuited, so that they operate in pure batch mode. The system is split into several sections, from which every section performs a tasks analogous to the tasks of a batch purification. These tasks are loading the feed, running the gradient elution, recycling of weakly adsorbing site fractions, fractionation of the purified product, recycling of strongly adsorbing site fractions, cleaning the column from strongly adsorbing impurities, cleaning in place and re-equilibration of the column to start the next purification run. All of the tasks mentioned here are carried out at the same time in one unit. Recycling of non-pure side fractions is performed in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20imaging | Functional imaging (or physiological imaging) is a medical imaging technique of detecting or measuring changes in metabolism, blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
As opposed to structural imaging, functional imaging centers on revealing physiological activities within a certain tissue or organ by employing medical image modalities that very often use tracers or probes to reflect spatial distribution of them within the body. These tracers are often analogous to some chemical compounds, like glucose, within the body. To achieve this, isotopes are used because they have similar chemical and biological characteristics. By appropriate proportionality, the nuclear medicine physicians can determine the real intensity of certain substances within the body to evaluate the risk or danger of developing some diseases.
Modalities
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Fludeoxyglucose for Glucose metabolism
O-15 as a flow tracer
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
BOLD
Diffusion MRI
Perfusion (blood flow)
Arterial spin labeling MRI
Blood volume
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI
Functional photoacoustic microscopy (fPAM)
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI)
Optical imaging
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
See also
Biomedical engineering
Medical imaging
PET-CT
Radiology
Functional neuroimaging
References
External links
Scholarpedia Functional imaging
Medi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandant%20Ferradj%20Airport | Commandant Ferradj Airport is an airport in Tindouf, Algeria .
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
OurAirports - Tindouf
Airports in Algeria
Buildings and structures in Tindouf Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timimoun%20Airport | Timimoun Airport is an airport serving Timimoun, a town in the Adrar Province of Algeria . The airport is in the desert southeast of the town.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
See also
Transport in Algeria
List of airports in Algeria
References
External links
Airports in Algeria
Buildings and structures in Adrar Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galust%20Petrosyan | Galust Petrosyan (, born on 5 September 1981) is a retired Armenian football forward. He was a member of the Armenia national football team, with 7 caps and 1 goal scored.
National team statistics
References
External links
Living people
1981 births
Footballers from Yerevan
Armenian men's footballers
Armenia men's international footballers
Armenian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Moldova
Expatriate men's footballers in Belarus
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Armenian Premier League players
FC Ararat Yerevan players
FC Pyunik players
FC Zimbru Chișinău players
FC Smorgon players
Sanati Kaveh Tehran F.C. players
Mes Sarcheshme players
Ulisses FC players
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20FA%20Cup%20final | The 1990 FA Cup final was a football match played to determine to winners of the 1989–90 FA Cup. It was contested by Manchester United and Crystal Palace at Wembley Stadium, London, England. The match finished 3–3 after extra time. Bryan Robson and Mark Hughes (2) scored for Manchester United; Gary O'Reilly and Ian Wright (2) for Palace. Wright had only just recently returned from a broken leg that kept him out of the semi-final.
In the replay, Manchester United won 1–0 with a goal from Lee Martin – only the second goal he would score for the club. It saw them match Aston Villa and Tottenham Hotspur's record of seven FA Cup triumphs. In contrast, this was the first time Crystal Palace had appeared in an FA Cup final, and they had just completed their first season back in the top flight after nearly a decade away.
Summary
This was the first FA Cup final to be played in front of an all-seater crowd, as Wembley's remaining standing areas had been converted to all-seater in the autumn of 1989.
The month before the final, UEFA had announced that the ban on English clubs in European competitions would be lifted for the 1990–91 season, provided that England fans behaved well at that summer's World Cup. England fans duly behaved well at the tournament, and this gave the green light to Manchester United to compete in the 1990–91 European Cup Winners' Cup, which they ultimately won. It also proved to be the turning point in Manchester United's history after a few lean seasons; over |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2CA | {{Infobox radio station
| name = 2CA
| logo = 2CA logo.png
| city = Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
| area = Canberra RA1 ()
| branding =
| frequency =
| translator =
| repeater =
| airdate =
| format = Classic hits, oldies
| language = English
| power = 5,000 watts
| erp =
| haat =
| class =
| facility_id =
| coordinates =
| callsign_meaning = 2 - NSWC - CanberraA - CanberrA| former_callsigns =
| former_frequencies = 1050 kHz (1931-1978)
| affiliations =
| owner = Capital Radio Network Pty Ltd (50%)Grant Broadcasters Pty Ltd (50%)
| licensee = Radio Canberra Pty Ltd
| sister_stations = 2CC
| webcast =
| website =
}}2CA' is an Australian commercial radio station on the AM band serving Canberra. It is jointly owned by the Capital Radio Network and Grant Broadcasters. The station broadcasts on AM Stereo 1053 kHz and on DAB.
2CA was Canberra's first radio station, commencing in 1931 on 1050 kHz, changing to 1053 in 1978. The station plays a variety of hits from the 1960s to the 1980s in its current "Forever Classic" format.
History
1930s
Albert John "Jack" Ryan was an AIF veteran and former signaller during the first World War. In the late 1920s "Jack" relocated to Canberra, setting up an electrical repair shop in the Canberra suburb of Kingston. He was soon operating an experimental wireless telegraphy station (Callsign: VK2LE) communicating with other such stations throughout Australia and the Pacific. In early 1930 he upgraded his equipment to wireles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning%20%28disambiguation%29 | Pruning is the practice of removing unwanted portions from a plant.
Pruning may also refer to:
Synaptic pruning, the reformation of neural structure by pruning "excess" neurons or neural clusters
Decision tree pruning, a method of simplification of a decision tree
Pruning (morphology), a technique used in digital image processing based on mathematical morphology
Pruning (viticulture), how pruning is used in vine training systems
Pruning (vascular), in prenatal development, the disappearance of blood vessels which are no longer needed
Pruning (microeconomics), the removal of "excess" items from a budget
Pruning (maceration), in dermatology, the softening, whitening, and wrinkling of skin that is soaked in water
Retinal vessels pruning, the disappearance of the ends of the small vessels in the area affected (as in case of retinal venous occlusion) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic%20pruning | Synaptic pruning, a phase in the development of the nervous system, is the process of synapse elimination that occurs between early childhood and the onset of puberty in many mammals, including humans. Pruning starts near the time of birth and continues into the late-20s. During pruning, both the axon and dendrite decay and die off. It was traditionally considered to be complete by the time of sexual maturation, but this was discounted by MRI studies.
The infant brain will increase in size by a factor of up to 5 by adulthood, reaching a final size of approximately 86 (± 8) billion neurons. Two factors contribute to this growth: the growth of synaptic connections between neurons and the myelination of nerve fibers; the total number of neurons, however, remains the same. After adolescence, the volume of the synaptic connections decreases again due to synaptic pruning.
Pruning is influenced by environmental factors and is widely thought to represent learning.
Variations
Regulatory pruning
At birth, the neurons in the visual and motor cortices have connections to the superior colliculus, spinal cord, and pons. The neurons in each cortex are selectively pruned, leaving connections that are made with the functionally appropriate processing centers. Therefore, the neurons in the visual cortex prune the synapses with neurons in the spinal cord, and the motor cortex severs connections with the superior colliculus. This variation of pruning is known as large-scaled stereotyped axo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar%20gas%20equation | The alveolar gas equation is the method for calculating partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (PAO2). The equation is used in assessing if the lungs are properly transferring oxygen into the blood. The alveolar air equation is not widely used in clinical medicine, probably because of the complicated appearance of its classic forms.
The partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the pulmonary alveoli is required to calculate both the alveolar-arterial gradient of oxygen and the amount of right-to-left cardiac shunt, which are both clinically useful quantities. However, it is not practical to take a sample of gas from the alveoli in order to directly measure the partial pressure of oxygen. The alveolar gas equation allows the calculation of the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen from data that is practically measurable. It was first characterized in 1946.
Assumptions
The equation relies on the following assumptions:
Inspired gas contains no carbon dioxide (CO2)
Nitrogen (and any other gases except oxygen) in the inspired gas are in equilibrium with their dissolved states in the blood
Inspired and alveolar gases obey the ideal gas law
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the alveolar gas is in equilibrium with the arterial blood i.e. that the alveolar and arterial partial pressures are equal
The alveolar gas is saturated with water
Equation
If is small, or more specifically if then the equation can be simplified to:
where:
Sample Values given for air at sea level at 37 °C.
Doubling w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation%20%28population%20genetics%29 | In population genetics, fixation is the change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene (allele) in a given population to a situation where only one of the alleles remains. That is, the allele becomes fixed.
In the absence of mutation or heterozygote advantage, any allele must eventually be lost completely from the population or fixed (permanently established at 100% frequency in the population). Whether a gene will ultimately be lost or fixed is dependent on selection coefficients and chance fluctuations in allelic proportions. Fixation can refer to a gene in general or particular nucleotide position in the DNA chain (locus).
In the process of substitution, a previously non-existent allele arises by mutation and undergoes fixation by spreading through the population by random genetic drift or positive selection. Once the frequency of the allele is at 100%, i.e. being the only gene variant present in any member, it is said to be "fixed" in the population.
Similarly, genetic differences between taxa are said to have been fixed in each species.
History
The earliest mention of gene fixation in published works was found in Motoo Kimura's 1962 paper "On Probability of Fixation of Mutant Genes in a Population". In the paper, Kimura uses mathematical techniques to determine the probability of fixation of mutant genes in a population. He showed that the probability of fixation depends on the initial frequency of the allele and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luschka%27s%20crypts | The Luschka's crypts are mucous membrane indentations of the inner wall of the gall bladder. They are named after german anatomist Dr. Hubert Von Luschka.
See also
Foramina of Luschka
Luschka's joints
Ducts of Luschka
References
Hepatology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ena/Vasp%20homology%20proteins | ENA/VASP homology proteins or EVH proteins are a family of closely related proteins involved in cell motility in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. EVH proteins are modular proteins that are involved in actin polymerization, as well as interactions with other proteins. Within the cell, Ena/VASP proteins are found at the leading edge of Lamellipodia and at the tips of filopodia. Ena, the founding member of the family was discovered in a drosophila genetic screen for mutations that act as dominant suppressors of the abl non receptor tyrosine kinase. Invertebrate animals have one Ena homologue, whereas mammals have three, named Mena, VASP, and Evl.
Ena/VASP proteins promote the spatially regulated actin polymerization required for efficient chemotaxis in response to attractive and repulsive guidance cues. Mice lacking functional copies of all three family members display pleiotropic phenotypes including exencephaly, edema, failures in neurite formation, and embryonic lethality.
A sub-domain of EVH is the EVH1 domain.
VASP
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) 45-residue-long tetramerization protein domain which regulates actin dynamics in the cytoskeleton. This is vital for processes such as cell adhesion and cell migration.
Function
Ena/VASP proteins are actin cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. Ena/VASP proteins are often found in dynamic actin structures like filopodia and lamellipodia, but the precise function in their formation is controversial. Ena/VASP prote |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Helvetia%20Cup | The 2005 Helvetia Cup or 2005 European B Team Championships in badminton was held from January 19 to January 23 in Agros, Cyprus.
Final classification table
References
External links
Complete results in Badminton.de
Helvetia Cup
Helvetia Cup
Helvetia Cup
Badminton tournaments in Cyprus
B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%2CN%2CN-TMT | 5,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (5,N,N-TMT; 5-TMT) is a tryptamine derivative that is a psychedelic drug. It was first made in 1958 by Edwin H. P. Young. In animal experiments it was found to be in between DMT and 5-MeO-DMT in potency which would suggest an active dosage for humans in the 20–60 mg range. Human psychoactivity for this compound has been claimed in reports on websites such as Erowid but has not been independently confirmed.
Legal Status
United States
5,N,N-TMT is not scheduled at the federal level in the United States, but it could be considered an analog of 5-MeO-DMT, in which case, sales or possession intended for human consumption could be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act.
See also
2,N,N-TMT
7,N,N-TMT
5-Chloro-DMT
5-Ethyl-DMT
References
Psychedelic tryptamines
Dimethylamino compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2CN%2CN-TMT | 2,N,N-trimethyltryptamine, 2,N,N-TMT, or 2-Me-DMT is a tryptamine derivative that is a psychedelic drug. It was invented by Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book TiHKAL (#34). It is claimed to show psychoactive effects at a dosage of 50–100 mg orally, but these are relatively mild compared to other similar drugs, suggesting that while the 2-methyl group has blocked the binding of metabolic enzymes, it is also interfering with binding to the 5HT2A receptor target that mediates the hallucinogenic effects of these drugs.
Legal status
Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 2-Me-DMT as a hazardous substance, on May 15, 2019.
See also
5,N,N-TMT
7,N,N-TMT
References
External links
2-Me-DMT entry in TiHKAL • info
Psychedelic tryptamines
Dimethylamino compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%2CN-Dimethyl-N-isopropyltryptamine | 5,N-Dimethyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-Me-MiPT) is a tryptamine derivative that is thought to be a psychedelic drug. It was first made in 1989. In vitro binding experiments on brain homogenates showed it to have serotonin receptor binding affinity between that of MiPT and 5-MeO-MiPT, both of which are known to be active psychedelics in humans.
References
Psychedelic tryptamines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimastat | Marimastat was a proposed antineoplastic drug developed by British Biotech. It acted as a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor.
Marimastat performed poorly in clinical trials, and development was terminated. This may be, however, a result of targeting cancer at too late of a stage. This is supported by the fact that MMP inhibitors have more recently been shown in animal models to be more effective in earlier stages of cancers. (Effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on multistage carcinogenesis in mice. Science 284, 808-812. Bergers, G., Javaherian, K., Lo, K.-M., Folkman, J., and Hanahan, D. (1999)).
See also
Batimastat
References
Experimental cancer drugs
Hydroxamic acids
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermolysin | Thermolysin (, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus neutral proteinase, thermoase, thermoase Y10, TLN) is a thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme produced by the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus thermoproteolyticus. It requires one zinc ion for enzyme activity and four calcium ions for structural stability. Thermolysin specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds containing hydrophobic amino acids. However thermolysin is also widely used for peptide bond formation through the reverse reaction of hydrolysis. Thermolysin is the most stable member of a family of metalloproteinases produced by various Bacillus species. These enzymes are also termed 'neutral' proteinases or thermolysin -like proteinases (TLPs).
Synthesis
Like all bacterial extracellular proteases thermolysin is first synthesised by the bacterium as a pre-proenzyme. Thermolysin is synthesized as a pre-proenzyme consisting of a signal peptide 28 amino acids long, a pro-peptide 204 amino acids long and the mature enzyme itself 316 amino acids in length. The signal peptide acts as a signal for translocation of pre-prothermolysin to the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. In the periplasm pre-prothermolysin is then processed into prothermolysin by a signal peptidase. The prosequence then acts as a molecular chaperone and leads to autocleavage of the peptide bond linking pro and mature sequences. The mature protein is then secreted into the extracellular medium.
Structure
Thermolysin has a molecular weight of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazonov%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Sazonov's theorem, named after Vyacheslav Vasilievich Sazonov (), is a theorem in functional analysis.
It states that a bounded linear operator between two Hilbert spaces is γ-radonifying if it is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator. The result is also important in the study of stochastic processes and the Malliavin calculus, since results concerning probability measures on infinite-dimensional spaces are of central importance in these fields. Sazonov's theorem also has a converse: if the map is not Hilbert–Schmidt, then it is not γ-radonifying.
Statement of the theorem
Let G and H be two Hilbert spaces and let T : G → H be a bounded operator from G to H. Recall that T is said to be γ-radonifying if the push forward of the canonical Gaussian cylinder set measure on G is a bona fide measure on H. Recall also that T is said to be a Hilbert–Schmidt operator if there is an orthonormal basis } of G such that
Then Sazonov's theorem is that T is γ-radonifying if it is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator.
The proof uses Prokhorov's theorem.
Remarks
The canonical Gaussian cylinder set measure on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space can never be a bona fide measure; equivalently, the identity function on such a space cannot be γ-radonifying.
See also
References
Stochastic processes
Theorems in functional analysis
Theorems in measure theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Dundee%20United%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | This page details Dundee United records.
Player records
Appearances
Most international appearances: Maurice Malpas (55 for Scotland)
Most League appearances: Maurice Malpas (617, 1981–2000)
Youngest player: Chris Mochrie, aged 16 years and 27 days (against Greenock Morton in the Scottish Championship on 4 May 2019)
Oldest player: Jimmy Brownlie, aged 40 years and eight months (against Hearts at Tynecastle in February 1926, as an emergency goalkeeper)
All-time appearances
As of 1 January 2007 (Competitive matches only, includes appearances as substitute):
Goalscorers
Most League goals: Peter McKay (158 during 1947–1954)
Most League goals in one season: Johnny Coyle (43 in 1955–56)
Youngest scorer: David Goodwillie, aged 16 years and 11 months (against Hibernian)
All-time goalscorers
As of 1 January 2007 (Competitive matches only, includes appearances as substitute):
Club records
Scores
Biggest win: 14–0 v Nithsdale Wanderers, Scottish Cup 1st Round, 17 January 1931
Biggest league win: 12–1 v East Stirlingshire, Scottish Football League Division Two, 13 April 1936
Worst defeat: 1–12 v Motherwell, Scottish Football League Division Two, 23 January 1954
Goals
Most league goals: 108 during 1935–36 in Division Two (3.2 per match)
Fewest league goals: 21 during 1911–12 in Division Two (0.95 per match)
Fastest goals: Finn Dossing, after 14 seconds into the Division One match against Hamilton Academical at Tannadice on 16 October 1965 and Johnny Russell, also after 14 second |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GURPS%20Bestiary | GURPS Bestiary is a source book for the GURPS role-playing game system containing information and statistics of animals. It also contains information animal player character templates, and tips for fitting animals into adventures. The first edition was published in 1988.
Contents
The GURPS Bestiary contains over 200 creatures to populate the various worlds of the GURPS universe. The book classifies creatures by terrain type, and deals with normal animals, legendary beasts, and otherworld creatures. The book also contains GM commentaries on handling animal encounters, hunting and trapping, animals as companions, and how to create new animals.
This supplement describes several hundred animals and monsters, mostly organized by habitat (e.g., arctic, desert, forest, jungle, swamp and subterranean) plus dinosaurs, domestic animals, otherworldly creatures, and "loathsome crawlers"; the book also includes rules and guidelines for game-mastering animals, animal companions, and hunting.
GURPS Bestiary is a universal sourcebook for GURPS that is intended to be usable in many different settings.
Publication history
The 1st edition of the GURPS Bestiary was written by Steffan O'Sullivan, with a cover by Ken Kelly and illustrations by Dan Carroll, and was first published by Steve Jackson Games in 1988 as a 112-page book.
The 2nd edition of GURPS Bestiary was updated by Chris McCubbin and Bob Schroeck, and had rules for were-creatures that wound up in GURPS Shapeshifters (2003). McCub |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20free%20field | In probability theory and statistical mechanics, the Gaussian free field (GFF) is a Gaussian random field, a central model of random surfaces (random height functions). gives a mathematical survey of the Gaussian free field.
The discrete version can be defined on any graph, usually a lattice in d-dimensional Euclidean space. The continuum version is defined on Rd or on a bounded subdomain of Rd. It can be thought of as a natural generalization of one-dimensional Brownian motion to d time (but still one space) dimensions: it is a random (generalized) function from Rd to R. In particular, the one-dimensional continuum GFF is just the standard one-dimensional Brownian motion or Brownian bridge on an interval.
In the theory of random surfaces, it is also called the harmonic crystal. It is also the starting point for many constructions in quantum field theory, where it is called the Euclidean bosonic massless free field. A key property of the 2-dimensional GFF is conformal invariance, which relates it in several ways to the Schramm–Loewner evolution, see and .
Similarly to Brownian motion, which is the scaling limit of a wide range of discrete random walk models (see Donsker's theorem), the continuum GFF is the scaling limit of not only the discrete GFF on lattices, but of many random height function models, such as the height function of uniform random planar domino tilings, see . The planar GFF is also the limit of the fluctuations of the characteristic polynomial of a rand |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah%27s%203rd%20State%20Senate%20district | The 3rd Utah Senate District is located in Salt Lake County and includes Utah House Districts 31, 33, 35, 37, 40, 43, 44 and 47. The current State Senator representing the 3rd district is Gene Davis. Davis was first elected to the Utah Senate in 1998, and won his most recent re-election in 2018 with 70% of the vote.
Previous Utah State Senators (District 3)
Election results
2006 General Election
See also
Gene Davis
Utah Democratic Party
Utah Republican Party
Utah Senate
References
External links
Utah Senate District Profiles
Official Biography of Gene Davis
03
Salt Lake County, Utah |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20survival%20curve | A cell survival curve is a curve used in radiobiology. It depicts the relationship between the fraction of cells retaining their reproductive integrity and the absorbed dose of radiation. Conventionally, the surviving fraction is depicted on a logarithmic scale, and is plotted on the y-axis against dose on the x-axis.
The linear quadratic model is now most often used to describe the cell survival curve, assuming that there are two mechanisms to cell death by radiation: A single lethal event or an accumulation of harmful but non-lethal events. Cell survival fractions are exponential functions with a dose-dependent term in the exponent due to the Poisson statistics underlying the stochastic process. Whereas single lethal events lead to an exponent that is linearly related to dose, the survival fraction function for a two-stage mechanism carries an exponent proportional to the square of dose. The coefficients must be inferred from measured data, such as the Hiroshima Leukemia data. With higher orders being of lesser importance and the total survival fraction being the product of the two functions, the model is aptly called linear-quadratic.
See also
Dose fractionation
Dose–response relationship
Chronic radiation syndrome
External links
Curves
Radiobiology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THC-O-phosphate | THC-O-phosphate is a water-soluble organophosphate ester derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which functions as a metabolic prodrug for THC itself. It was invented in 1978 in an attempt to get around the poor water solubility of THC and make it easier to inject for the purposes of animal research into its pharmacology and mechanism of action. The main disadvantage of THC phosphate ester is the slow rate of hydrolysis of the ester link, resulting in delayed onset of action and lower potency than the parent drug. Pharmacologically, it is comparable to the action of psilocybin as a metabolic prodrug for psilocin.
THC phosphate ester is made by reacting THC with phosphoryl chloride using pyridine as a solvent, following by quenching with water to produce THC phosphate ester. In the original research the less active but more stable isomer Δ8-THC was used, but the same reaction scheme could be used to make the phosphate ester of the more active isomer Δ9-THC.
See also
THC-O-acetate
THC hemisuccinate
THC morpholinylbutyrate
References
Benzochromenes
Cannabinoids
Phosphate esters
Prodrugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%E2%80%93Motzkin%20elimination | Fourier–Motzkin elimination, also known as the FME method, is a mathematical algorithm for eliminating variables from a system of linear inequalities. It can output real solutions.
The algorithm is named after Joseph Fourier who proposed the method in 1826 and Theodore Motzkin who re-discovered it in 1936.
Elimination
The elimination of a set of variables, say V, from a system of relations (here linear inequalities) refers to the creation of another system of the same sort, but without the variables in V, such that both systems have the same solutions over the remaining variables.
If all variables are eliminated from a system of linear inequalities, then one obtains a system of constant inequalities. It is then trivial to decide whether the resulting system is true or false. It is true if and only if the original system has solutions. As a consequence, elimination of all variables can be used to detect whether a system of inequalities has solutions or not.
Consider a system of inequalities with variables to , with the variable to be eliminated. The linear inequalities in the system can be grouped into three classes depending on the sign (positive, negative or null) of the coefficient for .
those inequalities that are of the form ; denote these by , for ranging from 1 to where is the number of such inequalities;
those inequalities that are of the form ; denote these by , for ranging from 1 to where is the number of such inequalities;
those inequalities in whi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductase | A reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes a reduction reaction.
Examples
5α-Reductase
5β-Reductase
Dihydrofolate reductase
HMG-CoA reductase
Methemoglobin reductase
Ribonucleotide reductase
Thioredoxin reductase
E. coli nitroreductase
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
See also
Oxidase
Oxidoreductase
References
Oxidoreductases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMH | RMH can refer to:
Response modulation hypothesis, suggesting that psychopathy is an attention disorder
Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
Riyadh Military Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Ronald McDonald House, place to stay for families with hospitalized children
Roh Moo-Hyun, the former president of South Korea (9/1/1946 - 5/23/2009) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20adaptation | Gaussian adaptation (GA), also called normal or natural adaptation (NA) is an evolutionary algorithm designed for the maximization of manufacturing yield due to statistical deviation of component values of signal processing systems. In short, GA is a stochastic adaptive process where a number of samples of an n-dimensional vector x[xT = (x1, x2, ..., xn)] are taken from a multivariate Gaussian distribution, N(m, M), having mean m and moment matrix M. The samples are tested for fail or pass. The first- and second-order moments of the Gaussian restricted to the pass samples are m* and M*.
The outcome of x as a pass sample is determined by a function s(x), 0 < s(x) < q ≤ 1, such that s(x) is the probability that x will be selected as a pass sample. The average probability of finding pass samples (yield) is
Then the theorem of GA states:
For any s(x) and for any value of P < q, there always exist a Gaussian p. d. f. [ probability density function ] that is adapted for maximum dispersion. The necessary conditions for a local optimum are m = m* and M proportional to M*. The dual problem is also solved: P is maximized while keeping the dispersion constant (Kjellström, 1991).
Proofs of the theorem may be found in the papers by Kjellström, 1970, and Kjellström & Taxén, 1981.
Since dispersion is defined as the exponential of entropy/disorder/average information it immediately follows that the theorem is valid also for those concepts. Altogether, this means that Gaussian adaptation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape%20parameter | In probability theory and statistics, a shape parameter (also known as form parameter) is a kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions
that is neither a location parameter nor a scale parameter (nor a function of these, such as a rate parameter). Such a parameter must affect the shape of a distribution rather than simply shifting it (as a location parameter does) or stretching/shrinking it (as a scale parameter does).
For example, "peakedness" refers to how round the main peak is.
Estimation
Many estimators measure location or scale; however, estimators for shape parameters also exist. Most simply, they can be estimated in terms of the higher moments, using the method of moments, as in the skewness (3rd moment) or kurtosis (4th moment), if the higher moments are defined and finite. Estimators of shape often involve higher-order statistics (non-linear functions of the data), as in the higher moments, but linear estimators also exist, such as the L-moments. Maximum likelihood estimation can also be used.
Examples
The following continuous probability distributions have a shape parameter:
Beta distribution
Burr distribution
Dagum distribution
Erlang distribution
ExGaussian distribution
Exponential power distribution
Fréchet distribution
Gamma distribution
Generalized extreme value distribution
Log-logistic distribution
Log-t distribution
Inverse-gamma distribution
Inverse Gaussian distribution
Pareto distribution
Pearson distr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyula%20O.%20H.%20Katona | Gyula O. H. Katona (born 16 March 1941 in Budapest) is a Hungarian mathematician known for his work in combinatorial set theory, and especially for the Kruskal–Katona theorem and his beautiful and elegant proof of the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem in which he discovered a new method, now called Katona's cycle method. Since then, this method has become a powerful tool in proving many interesting results in extremal set theory. He is affiliated with the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Katona was secretary-general of the János Bolyai Mathematical Society from 1990 to 1996. In 1966 and 1968 he won the Grünwald Prize, awarded by the Bolyai Society to outstanding young mathematicians, he was awarded the Alfréd Rényi Prize of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1975, and the same academy awarded him the Prize of the Academy in 1989. In 2011 the Alfréd Rényi Institute, the János Bolyai Society and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences organized a conference in honor of Katona's 70th birthday.
Gyula O.H. Katona is the father of Gyula Y. Katona, another Hungarian mathematician with similar research interests to those of his father.
References
External links
Katona's web site
Katona on IMDB, appearing as himself in N is a Number
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
20th-century Hungarian mathematicians
Combinatorialists
1941 births
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptosphaeria%20maculans | Leptosphaeria maculans (anamorph Phoma lingam) is a fungal pathogen of the phylum Ascomycota that is the causal agent of blackleg disease on Brassica crops. Its genome has been sequenced, and L. maculans is a well-studied model phytopathogenic fungus. Symptoms of blackleg generally include basal stem cankers, small grey lesions on leaves, and root rot. The major yield loss is due to stem canker. The fungus is dispersed by the wind as ascospores or rain splash in the case of the conidia. L. maculans grows best in wet conditions and a temperature range of 5–20 degrees Celsius. Rotation of crops, removal of stubble, application of fungicide, and crop resistance are all used to manage blackleg. The fungus is an important pathogen of Brassica napus (canola) crops.
Host and symptoms
Leptosphaeria maculans causes phoma stem canker or blackleg. Symptoms generally include basal stem cankers, small grey oval lesions on the leaf tissue and root rot (as the fungus can directly penetrate roots). L. maculans infects a wide variety of Brassica crops including cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus). L. maculans is especially virulent on Brassica napus. The first dramatic epidemic of L. maculans occurred in Wisconsin on cabbage. The disease is diagnosed by the presence of small black pycnidia which occur on the edge of the leaf lesions. The presence of these pycnidia allow for this disease to be distinguished from Alternaria brassicae, another foliar pathogen with sim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/47%20mm%20APX%20anti-tank%20gun | The 47 mm APX anti-tank gun was a French anti-tank gun that saw service in the first years of the Second World War.
Development
In the 1930s the French Army sought a replacement for the derivatives of the 75 mm mle 1897 field gun it used as an anti-tank gun. The soixante-quinze was an effective anti-tank gun but was heavy and much harder to conceal than the newer, small, high-velocity, small calibre anti-tank weapons. The chosen weapon was a design of the state-owned arsenal Atelier de Construction de Puteaux workshop (abbreviated to APX) located in Puteaux, Paris, and was named the canon de 47 mm semi-automatique mle 1937. A similar model designated the canon de 47 mm semi-automatique mle 1939 was also produced. Both were efficient weapons, especially given the thin armour of contemporary German tanks. The gun could pierce at or at . Unfortunately for France, the 47mm SA mle 1937 and 47mm SA mle 1939 were still rare weapons at the time of the Battle of France.
Foreign use
Examples captured by the German forces were used under the name 4.7 cm Pak 181(f) for the mle 1937 and 4.7 cm Pak 183(f) for the mle 1939. The guns were used in Atlantic Wall fortifications and armed a number of their Panzerjäger self-propelled tank destroyers.
4.7 cm Pak 181(f) oder 183(f) auf PzJäg Lorraine Schlepper (f) - mounted on a French Lorraine 37L tracked artillery tractor chassis
4.7 cm Pak(f) auf Panzerspähwagen P204(f) - mounted on a French Panhard 178 armored car chassis
4.7 cm P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersolvus | In hypersolvus granites, as used by Tuttle and Bowen in 1958, crystallization at relatively low water pressures results in the formation of a single feldspar as opposed to subsolvus granites in which two distinct types of feldspar are present.
The distinctive character of feldspar in hypersolvus granite is to present exsolution textures. That is because the high temperature feldspar was ternary (i.e. contained comparable parts of the Ca, Na, K components) and was later dissociated during the cooling phase into K-rich parts and Na-Ca-rich parts, within the initial crystal. The resulting texture is referred to as perthitic.
References
Igneous petrology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsolvus | In subsolvus or two feldspar granites crystallisation occurs at high water pressures resulting in the formation of two types of feldspar as opposed to hypersolvus granites in which crystallization at relatively low water pressures results in the formation of a single feldspar variety.
Quoting Tuttle and Bowen in 1958 (abstract, page 3): ″A classification of salic rocks based on the nature of the alkali feldspar is proposed. The classification has two major divisions: (1) subsolidus, and (2) hypersolvus, depending on the whereabouts of the soda feldspar. In the hypersolvus rocks all the soda feldspar is or was in solid solution in the potash feldspar whereas in the subsolvus rocks the plagioclase is present as discrete grains. The two major divisions are further subdivided according to the nature of the alkali feldspar modification.″ Note that here the word "subsolidus" unfortunately looks like a misprint and probably has to be replaced by "subsolvus".
The two types of feldspar are usually:
plagioclase: a member of the anorthite-albite series (CaAl2Si2O8-NaAlSi3O8)
alkali feldspar: a member of the orthoclase-albite series (KAlSi3O8-NaAlSi3O8).
In fact ternary feldspars (comprising albite+orthoclase+anorthite) are believed to have been present in the high temperature state of the rock before cooling. Because Na and K are extremely mobile by solid-state diffusion, cooling gives rise to multiple forms of unmixing products, e.g. various kinds of perthite. "Due to slow reactio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBCH-scale%20%28citrus%29 | The BBCH-scale for citrus is a classification system used in biology to describe the phenological development of citrus plants using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of citrus plants are:
References
BBCH-scale |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gullstrand%E2%80%93Painlev%C3%A9%20coordinates | Gullstrand–Painlevé coordinates are a particular set of coordinates for the Schwarzschild metric – a solution to the Einstein field equations which describes a black hole. The ingoing coordinates are such that the time coordinate follows the proper time of a free-falling observer who starts from far away at zero velocity, and the spatial slices are flat. There is no coordinate singularity at the Schwarzschild radius (event horizon). The outgoing ones are simply the time reverse of ingoing coordinates (the time is the proper time along outgoing particles that reach infinity with zero velocity).
The solution was proposed independently by Paul Painlevé in 1921 and Allvar Gullstrand in 1922. It was not explicitly shown until 1933 in Lemaître's paper
that these solutions were simply coordinate transformations of the usual Schwarzschild solution, although Einstein immediately believed that to be true.
Derivation
The derivation of GP coordinates requires defining the following coordinate systems and understanding how data measured for events in one coordinate system is interpreted in another coordinate system.
Convention: The units for the variables are all geometrized. Time and mass have units in meters. The speed of light in flat spacetime has a value of 1. The gravitational constant has a value of 1.
The metric is expressed in the +−−− sign convention.
Schwarzschild coordinates
A Schwarzschild observer is a far observer or a bookkeeper. He does not directly make measu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxamide | Oxamide is the organic compound with the formula . This white crystalline solid is soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in water and insoluble in diethyl ether. Oxamide is the diamide derived from oxalic acid, and the hydrate of cyanogen.
Preparation
Oxamide is produced from hydrogen cyanide, which is oxidized to cyanogen, which is then hydrolyzed.
It can also be prepared from formamide by glow-discharge electrolysis.
Application
The main application is as a substitute for urea in fertilizers. Oxamide hydrolyzes (releases ammonia) very slowly, which is sometimes preferred vs the quick release by urea.
It is used as a stabilizer for nitrocellulose preparations. It also finds use in APCP rocket motors as a high performance burn rate suppressant. The use of oxamide in concentrations of 1-3 wt% has shown to slow the linear burn rate while having minimal impact on propellant specific impulse.
N,N'-substituted oxamides are supporting ligands for the copper-catalyzed amination and amidation of aryl halides in (Ullmann-Goldberg reaction), including relatively unreactive aryl chloride substrates.
Reactions
It dehydrates above 350 °C releasing cyanogen. Oxamide derivatives form self-assembled monolayers consisting of a hydrogen bonded network.
References
Carboxamides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedway%20Grand%20Prix%20of%20Austria | The Speedway Grand Prix of Austria was a speedway event that was a part of the Speedway Grand Prix Series.
Previous winners
Classification
See also
Sport in Austria
References
Austria
Grand Prix |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20hydroxide%20oxide | Aluminium hydroxide oxide or aluminium oxyhydroxide, AlO(OH) is found as one of two well defined crystalline phases, which are also known as the minerals boehmite and diaspore. The minerals are important constituents of the aluminium ore, bauxite.
List of related compounds and minerals
The aluminium oxides, oxide hydroxides, and hydroxides can be summarized as follows:
aluminium oxides
corundum ()
aluminium oxide hydroxides
diaspore (α-AlO(OH))
boehmite or böhmite (γ-AlO(OH))
akdalaite () (once believed to be ), also called tohdite
aluminium hydroxides
gibbsite (often designated as γ-, but sometimes as α-, sometimes called hydrargillite or hydrargyllite)
bayerite (designated often as α- but sometimes as β-)
doyleite
nordstrandite
References
Aluminium compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachelomonas | Trachelomonas is a genus of swimming, free-living euglenoids characterized by the presence of a shell-like covering called a lorica. Details of lorica structure determine the classification of distinct species in the genus. The lorica can exist in spherical, elliptical, cylindrical, and pyriform (pear-shaped) forms. The lorica surface can be smooth, punctuate or striate and range from hyaline, to yellow, or brown. These colors are due to the accumulation of ferric hydroxide and manganic oxide deposited with the mucilage and minerals that comprise the lorica. In Trachelomonas, the presence of a lorica obscures cytoplasmic details of the underlying cell. In each Trachelomonas cell, there is a gap at the apex of the lorica from which the flagellum protrudes. Thickening around this gap results in a rim-like or collar-like appearance. During asexual reproduction, the nucleus divides yielding two daughter cells one of which exits through the opening in the lorica. This new cell then synthesizes its own new lorica.
History of knowledge
Trachelomonas was first described by C. G. Ehrenberg in 1834. Its separation from the genus Strombomonas occurred in 2008 with the discovery of five subclades within Trachelomonas through nuclear SSU and LSU rDNA analyses.
Habitat and ecology
Trachelomonas is a common, cosmopolitan genus found in acidic to neutral fresh water (pH 4.5-7), often in habitats rich in iron and manganese, and pools rich in organic matter such as peat. These euglenoids hav |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat%20notation | A "hat" (circumflex (ˆ)), placed over a symbol is a mathematical notation with various uses.
Estimated value
In statistics, a circumflex (ˆ), called a "hat", is used to denote an estimator or an estimated value. For example, in the context of errors and residuals, the "hat" over the letter indicates an observable estimate (the residuals) of an unobservable quantity called (the statistical errors).
Another example of the hat operator denoting an estimator occurs in simple linear regression. Assuming a model of , with observations of independent variable data and dependent variable data , the estimated model is of the form where is commonly minimized via least squares by finding optimal values of and for the observed data.
Hat matrix
In statistics, the hat matrix H projects the observed values y of response variable to the predicted values ŷ:
Cross product
In screw theory, one use of the hat operator is to represent the cross product operation. Since the cross product is a linear transformation, it can be represented as a matrix. The hat operator takes a vector and transforms it into its equivalent matrix.
For example, in three dimensions,
Unit vector
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in (pronounced "v-hat").
Fourier transform
The Fourier transform of a function is traditionally denoted by .
See also
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Tome | Norman Tome (born 20 March 1973) is an Australian soccer player who represented Australia at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.
External links
Career Statistics at OzFootball
1973 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic soccer players for Australia
Bonnyrigg White Eagles FC players
Sydney Olympic FC players
Marconi Stallions FC players
Men's association football forwards
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Schweninger | Ernst Schweninger (15 June 1850 – 13 January 1924) was a German physician and naturopath who developed the Schweninger method, a reduction of obesity by the restriction of fluids in the diet.
Biography
He was born on 15 June 1850 in Freystadt, Upper Palatinate. He studied medicine at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich where he received his M.D. in 1870. His appointment to a chair at Berlin in 1884 against the wishes of the medical faculty was largely due to his successful treatment of Otto von Bismarck for obesity. His method was a modification of the method developed by William Banting. He published Dem Andenken Bismarcks in 1899. He retired to private life in Munich in 1905. He died there on 13 January 1924.
Schweninger rejected orthodox medicine and embraced naturopathy. He established the first nature cure hospital in Berlin. He was considered to have a doubtful reputation and was distrusted by those in the medical community.
See also
Georg Richard Lewin
References
External links
1850 births
1924 deaths
19th-century German physicians
Naturopaths
People from Neumarkt (district) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-protein | Self-protein refers to all proteins endogenously produced by DNA-level transcription and translation within an organism of interest. This does not include proteins synthesized due to viral infection, but may include those synthesized by commensal bacteria within the intestines. Proteins that are not created within the body of the organism of interest, but nevertheless enter through the bloodstream, a breach in the skin, or a mucous membrane, may be designated as “non-self” and subsequently targeted and attacked by the immune system. Tolerance to self-protein is crucial for overall wellbeing; when the body erroneously identifies self-proteins as “non-self”, the subsequent immune response against endogenous proteins may lead to the development of an autoimmune disease.
Examples
Of note, the list provided above is not exhaustive; the list does not mention all possible proteins targeted by the provided autoimmune diseases.
Identification by the immune system
Autoimmune responses and diseases are primarily instigated by T lymphocytes that are incorrectly screened for reactivity to self-protein during cell development.
During T-cell development, early T-cell progenitors first move via chemokine gradients from the bone marrow into the thymus, where T-cell receptors are randomly rearranged at the gene level to allow for T-cell receptor generation. These T-cells have the potential to bind to anything, including self-proteins.
The immune system must differentiate the T-cells tha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20operators | Mathematical operator can refer to:
Operator (mathematics), a concept in mapping vector spaces
Operation (mathematics), the basic symbols for addition, multiplication etc.
Mathematical Operators (Unicode block), containing characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20Device%20C%20Compiler | The Small Device C Compiler (SDCC) is a free-software, partially retargetable C compiler for 8-bit microcontrollers. It is distributed under the GNU General Public License. The package also contains an assembler, linker, simulator and debugger. As of March 2007, SDCC is the only open-source C compiler for Intel 8051-compatible microcontrollers.
In 2011 the compiler was downloaded on average more than 200 times per day.
Supported hosts
Sources, documentation, and binaries are available for Linux (32-bit and 64-bit), macOS (PPC and 64-bit), and Windows (32-bit and 64-bit).
Supported targets
The following include binary compatible derivatives:
Intel 8031, 8032, 8051, 8052; Maxim/Dallas DS80C390; C8051
Motorola/Freescale/NXP 68HC08 and 68HCS08
Padauk PDK14 and PDK15
Sharp SM83, the CPU found in the Nintendo Game Boy LR35902 SoC
STMicroelectronics STM8
Zilog Z80, Z180, eZ80 in Z80 mode; Rabbit Semiconductor 2000, 2000A, 3000, 3000A, 4000; Toshiba TLCS-90; Z80N (ZX Spectrum Next processor).
Work in progress:
Microchip PIC16 and PIC18.
Padauk PDK13.
MOS Technology 6502
Obsolete:
AVR microcontrollers use to be a supported target, but was made obsolete by avr-gcc in 2010 (SDCC 3.0.0).
See also
Z88DK - C compiler for Z80-based systems
cc65 - C compiler for 6502/65C02 systems
References
External links
SDCC homepage
Sandeep Dutta - Anatomy of a Compiler. A Retargetable ANSI-C Compiler. "Circuit Cellar", issue 121, August 2000, page 35
SDCC Open Knowledge Resource
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Moe%20%28ice%20hockey%29 | Eric Moe (born March 6, 1988, in Timrå, Sweden) is a defenceman playing for Leksands IF hockey team in the Swedish second league, HockeyAllsvenskan.
Career statistics
International play
Played for Sweden in:
2006 World U18 Championships
2008 World Junior Championships (silver medal)
International statistics
External links
References
1988 births
Leksands IF players
Living people
Swedish ice hockey defencemen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zyad%20Chaabo | Zyad Barakat Chaabo (; born 1 January 1979) is a Syrian former footballer who played as a striker.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Syria's goal tally first.
Honours
Hutteen
Syrian Cup: 2000–01
Al-Jaish
Syrian Premier League: 2001–02, 2002–03
Syrian Cup: 2001–02, 2003–04
AFC Cup: 2004
Al-Karamah
Syrian Premier League: 2007–08
Syrian Cup: 2007–08
Syria
Nehru Cup runner-up: 2007
West Asian Games runner-up: 2005
Individual
Best Syrian Footballer: 2003
Syrian Premier League top scorer: 2002–03
Nehru Cup top scorer: 2007
References
External links
Profile at syrialivesport.com
1979 births
Living people
People from Latakia
Men's association football forwards
Syrian men's footballers
Syria men's international footballers
Taliya SC players
Al-Karamah SC players
Persepolis F.C. players
Al-Jaish SC (Syria) players
Hutteen SC players
Syrian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Iran
Syrian Premier League players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mika%20Niskanen | Mika Niskanen (born July 24, 1973 in Helsinki, Finland) is a professional ice hockey defenceman, currently with Ilves in the Finnish elite league SM-liiga.
Career statistics
Awards
Elitserien playoff winner with HV71 in 2004.
References
External links
1973 births
Espoo Blues players
Finnish ice hockey defencemen
HIFK (ice hockey) players
HV71 players
Ilves players
KalPa players
Living people
Lahti Pelicans players
Timrå IK players
Ice hockey people from Helsinki |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimmo%20Lotvonen | Kimmo Lotvonen (born January 11, 1976 in Oulu, Finland) is a defenceman for the Leksands IF hockey team in the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan league.
Career statistics
References
External links
1976 births
Finnish ice hockey defencemen
Oulun Kärpät players
Living people
Leksands IF players
Lukko players
Timrå IK players
Ice hockey people from Oulu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri%20Kokko%20%28ice%20hockey%29 | Petri Kokko (born February 1, 1975 in Oulu, Finland) is a professional ice hockey defenceman playing for the HC Energie Karlovy Vary hockey team.
Career statistics
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Ice hockey people from Oulu
Finnish ice hockey defencemen
Ilves players
SaiPa players
Timrå IK players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gene%20Krupa%20Story | The Gene Krupa Story (also known as Drum Crazy) is a 1959 biopic of American drummer and bandleader Gene Krupa. The conflict in the film centers on Krupa's rise to success and his corresponding use of marijuana.
Plot synopsis
The young Gene Krupa brings home a set of drums and puts them in the family room. His mother and three of his brothers stand by as his father makes it clear, as he has many times before, that he abhors the idea of Gene playing jazz drums. He says, "I have been too easy on my baby son," and insists that Gene be "somebody fine...a priest, maybe". Gene is about to graduate high school and does not want to study in a seminary; he says he doesn't know why, but he has to be a drummer. His father orders him to get rid of the drum set. Gene says he can't and his father reacts by busting the tom-toms and the balance of the set. Gene says he will find a way to keep getting drums no matter how often his father busts them, that he has an opportunity to play with a group of guys, for money.
During rehearsals for some of his initial club performances, Krupa meets a girl named Ethel, who is immediately struck by his drumming. At a swim party, the two have a long conversation about many things. Ethel confides that, after graduation, she wants to go to New York City to study and write music. The two begin to fall in love.
When he gets home, Gene finds that his father has died. Feeling obligated, he goes to study for the priesthood, but at the seminary he feels lost a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARC | PARC or Parc may refer to:
Biology
PARC (gene), a eukaryotic gene/protein
parC, a bacterial gene coding for subunit A of topoisomerase IV
Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, a former name for the protein CCL18
Clubs
Pays d'Aix Rugby Club, former name of the French rugby union club now known as Provence Rugby
Entertainment
Parc, an alias of the Swedish trance artist Jezper Söderlund
Parc (film), a 2008 film
Organizations
PARC (company), the Palo Alto Research Center (formerly Xerox PARC)
PARC Management, a theme park and entertainment venue operator
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
Photography and the Archive Research Centre, an organisation within University of the Arts London
Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, an organization initiated by the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory devoted to conservation of amphibians and reptiles
Portland Anarchist Road Care, a road maintenance organization based in Portland, Oregon
President's Appalachian Regional Commission, a predecessor of the Appalachian Regional Commission
Places
Parc, New York, a census-designated place named for the Plattsburgh Airbase Redevelopment Corporation
Parc, Penrhyndeudraeth, a ruined mansion once owned by the Anwyl of Tywyn Family of Gwynedd, Wales
Parc (HM Prison), a prison in South Wales
Arctic Village Airport (ICAO: PARC), an airport in Arctic Village, Alaska
Other
Parco (disambiguation)
See also
Parc station (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20ecosystem | In ecology, urban ecosystems are considered a ecosystem functional group within the intensive land-use biome. They are structurally complex ecosystems with highly heterogeneous and dynamic spatial structure that is created and maintained by humans. They include cities, smaller settlements and industrial areas, that are made up of diverse patch types (e.g. buildings, paved surfaces, transport infrastructure, parks and gardens, refuse areas). Urban ecosystems rely on large subsidies of imported water, nutrients, food and other resources. Compared to other natural and artificial ecosystems human population density is high, and their interaction with the different patch types produces emergent properties and complex feedbacks among ecosystem components.
In socioecology, urban areas are considered part of a broader social-ecological system in which urban landscapes and urban human communities interact with other landscape elements. Urbanization has large impacts on human and environmental health, and the study of urban ecosystems has led to proposals for sustainable urban designs and approaches to development of city fringe areas that can help reduce negative impact on surrounding environments and promote human well-being.
Urban ecosystem research
Urban ecology is a relatively new field. Because of this, the research that has been done in this field has yet to become extensive. While there is still plenty of time for growth in the research of this field, there are some key issu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi%20Yoeli | Rafi Yoeli is an Israeli pilot, inventor, designer of two proposed flying cars (Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk, Tactical Robotics Cormorant), and CEO of Urban Aeronautics Ltd., which he founded in Yavne, Israel in 2000.
Early life and education
Yoeli was born in Tel Aviv, circa 1950, and later served as a reserve officer in the Israeli Air Force. He attended Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.
Career
Following his Israeli Air Force service, Yoeli joined Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd., then was with Boeing in Seattle for 18 months. In 1989, Yoeli founded Aero Design & Development Ltd (AD&D, Ltd.), acting as managing director. In 2001, he started his own company in Israel, Urban Aeronautics, to develop "robots and flying machines."
During the 2000s and 2010s, Yoeli designed and tested the Tactical Robotics Cormorant, formerly AirMule or Mule, a flying car unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), built by Tactical Robotics Ltd., another subsidiary of Urban Aeronautics Ltd.
Designer
Yoeli envisioned a hovering vehicle similar to helicopters, but with rotors below the cockpit and passenger seating above it. He developed a plan for a flying rescue vehicle that, while still able to hover, would not have the restrictions that helicopters have, due to rotors, enabling his flying car to work in crowded terrains as in a city or urban area, where rescue would normally be much harder or impossible. Though initially designing a flying car modeled after a sports car; Yoeli realized that a car |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20T-M184 | Haplogroup T-M184, also known as Haplogroup T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The unique-event polymorphism that defines this clade is the single-nucleotide polymorphism known as M184.
T-M184 is unusual in that it is both geographically widespread and relatively rare. T1 (T-L206) – the numerically dominant primary branch of T-M184 – appears to have originated in Western Asia, and possibly spread from there into East Africa, South Asia, Europe and adjoining regions. T1* may have expanded with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture (PPNB).
Subclades of T-M70 appear to have been present in Europe since the Neolithic with Neolithic Farmers and the later dispersal of Jews from the Near East. Finally, the moderately high frequency (∼18%) of T1b* chromosomes in the Lemba of southern Africa supports the hypothesis of a Near Eastern, but not necessarily a Jewish, origin for their paternal line.
Structure
Subclade structure of Haplogroup T (M184).
T1 (L206)
T1a (M70/Page46/PF5662)
T1a1 (L162/Page21, L454)
T1a1a (L208/Page2)
T1a1a1 (CTS11451)
T1a1a2 (Y16897)
T1a1a2a (Z19963)
T1a2 (L131)
T1a2a (PH141/Y13244)
T1a2b (L446)
T1a3 (FGC1350/Y11151 )
T1a3a (Y11675/Z9798)
T1a3b (FGC1340/Y8614)
T2 (PH110)
Distribution
Overview
As a primary branch of haplogroup LT (a.k.a. K1), the basal, undivergent haplogroup T* currently has the alternate phylogenetic name of K1b and is a sibling of haplogroup L* (a.k.a. K1a). (Before 2008, haplogroup T and its subclades were known as haplogroup K |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langbeinite | Langbeinite is a potassium magnesium sulfate mineral with the chemical formula K2Mg2(SO4)3. Langbeinite crystallizes in the isometric-tetartoidal (cubic) system as transparent colorless or white with pale tints of yellow to green and violet crystalline masses. It has a vitreous luster. The Mohs hardness is 3.5 to 4 and the specific gravity is 2.83. The crystals are piezoelectric.
The mineral is an ore of potassium and occurs in marine evaporite deposits in association with carnallite, halite, and sylvite.
It was first described in 1891 for an occurrence in Wilhelmshall, Halberstadt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and named for A. Langbein of Leopoldshall, Germany.
Langbeinite gives its name to the langbeinites, a family of substances with the same cubic structure, a tetrahedral anion, and large and small cations.
Related substances include hydrated salts leonite (K2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O) and picromerite (K2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O).
References
Sulfate minerals
Evaporite
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 198
Minerals described in 1891 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Palm%20Island%20death%20in%20custody | The 2004 Palm Island death in custody incident relates to the death of an Aboriginal resident of Palm Island, Cameron Doomadgee (also known as "Mulrunji") on Friday, 19 November 2004 in a police cell. The death of Mulrunji led to civic disturbances on the island and a legal, political and media sensation that continued for fourteen years.
The Attorney-General of Queensland, Kerry Shine, indicted an Australian police officer for a criminal trial for the first time since the public prosecutor's office was established. The officer, Senior Sergeant Chris Hurley, who was charged for a death in custody, was acquitted by the jury in June 2007. Hurley medically retired from the Gold Coast station of the Queensland Police in 2017 following a string of charges while serving as a police officer including assault and dangerous driving.
Police raids and behaviour following the community riot were found to have breached the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, with a record class action settlement of million awarded to victims in May 2018.
Two legal questions arose from the death; firstly, whether the taking into custody of Mulrunji was lawful, and secondly, whether the injuries that led to his death were illegally caused by the arresting officer.
Politically, this event raised questions relating to the federal government's 1987–1991 Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody and whether its recommendations to prevent deaths in custody had been implemented by the government.
The d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beira%20Airport | Beira Airport is an airport in Beira, Mozambique . It has 3 asphalt runways.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Airports in Mozambique
Buildings and structures in Beira, Mozambique
Buildings and structures in Sofala Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nampula%20Airport | Nampula Airport is an airport in Nampula, Mozambique . In the northeastern part of Mozambique, with two paved runways.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Mozambique Airport Authority
Airports in Mozambique
Buildings and structures in Nampula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemba%20Airport%20%28Mozambique%29 | Pemba Airport is a small international airport in Pemba, Mozambique.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Statistics
References
Airports in Mozambique
Buildings and structures in Cabo Delgado Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiuser%20detection | Multiuser detection deals with demodulation of the mutually interfering digital streams of information that occur in areas such as wireless communications, high-speed data transmission, DSL, satellite communication, digital television, and magnetic recording. It is also being currently investigated for demodulation in low-power inter-chip and intra-chip communication. Multiuser detection encompasses both receiver technologies devoted to joint detection of all the interfering signals or to single-user receivers which are interested in recovering only one user but are robustified against multiuser interference and not just background noise.
Mutual interference is unavoidable in modern spectrally efficient wireless systems: even when using orthogonal multiplexing systems such as TDMA, synchronous CDMA or OFDMA, multiuser interference originates from channel distortion and from out-of-cell interference. In addition, in multi-antenna (MIMO) systems, the digitally modulated streams emanating from different antennas interfere at the receiver, and the MIMO receiver uses multiuser detection techniques to separate them. By exploiting the structure of the interfering signals, multiuser detection can increase spectral efficiency, receiver sensitivity, and the number of users the system can sustain.
Because of the mistaken belief in some quarters of the spread spectrum community that little could be gained from receivers more sophisticated than the single-user matched filter, multiuser |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quelimane%20Airport | Quelimane Airport is an airport in Quelimane, Mozambique .
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
Accidents and incidents
On 23 February 1944 a Lockheed L-14 CR-AAV of DETA - Direcção de Exploração de Transportes Aéreos crashed on takeoff at Quelimane Airport, killing all 13 on board.
On 21 April 1988, Douglas C-47A N47FE of African Air Carriers was damaged beyond economic repair in a take-off accident. Both crew were killed, one other person on board was seriously injured. The aircraft may have been shot down.
On 27 March 1983 a Boeing 737-200 C9-BAB LAM Mozambique Airlines had an Undercarriage failure after landing some 400 metres (1,300 ft) short of the runway at Quelimane Airport. All 110 on board survived.
References
Airports in Mozambique
Buildings and structures in Zambezia Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin%20Airport | Benin Airport is an airport serving Benin City, the capital of Edo State in Nigeria. The runway is in the middle of the city.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
See also
Transport in Nigeria
List of airports in Nigeria
List of the busiest airports in Africa
References
External links
SkyVector Aeronautical Charts
OurAirports - Benin
Airports in Nigeria
Benin City |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSR2 | TSR2 may refer to:
the TSR2 (gene), a human gene encoding a protein involved in ribosome biogenesis
the BAC TSR-2, British Aircraft Corporation Tactical Strike/Reconnaissance 2
the former name of RTS Deux, a public television channel in Switzerland owned by Radio Télévision Suisse |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICSD | ICSD may refer to:
Interfaith Center for Sustainable Development
Inorganic Crystal Structure Database
International Central Securities Depository
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Ithaca City School District
International Committee of Sports for the Deaf |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20kinematics | In robot kinematics, forward kinematics refers to the use of the kinematic equations of a robot to compute the position of the end-effector from specified values for the joint parameters.
The kinematics equations of the robot are used in robotics, computer games, and animation. The reverse process, that computes the joint parameters that achieve a specified position of the end-effector, is known as inverse kinematics.
Kinematics equations
The kinematics equations for the series chain of a robot are obtained using a rigid transformation [Z] to characterize the relative movement allowed at each joint and separate rigid transformation [X] to define the dimensions of each link. The result is a sequence of rigid transformations alternating joint and link transformations from the base of the chain to its end link, which is equated to the specified position for the end link,
where [T] is the transformation locating the end-link. These equations are called the kinematics equations of the serial chain.
Link transformations
In 1955, Jacques Denavit and Richard Hartenberg introduced a convention for the definition of the joint matrices [Z] and link matrices [X] to standardize the coordinate frame for spatial linkages. This convention positions the joint frame so that it consists of a screw displacement along the Z-axis
and it positions the link frame so it consists of a screw displacement along the X-axis,
Using this notation, each transformation-link goes along a serial chai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Knutson | Thomas R. Knutson is a climate modeller at the US Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). His research covers hurricane activity, the link between climate change and hurricane incidence and intensity, and climate change detection and attribution.
Biography
He served as a contributing author on working group 1 of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. He is an Associate Editor of the American Meteorological Society's Journal of Climate. He has published in Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal of Climate, Tropical Cyclone Research and Review, Tellus A and the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
In 2004, Knutson published a paper suggesting that increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide would lead to more intense hurricanes. This finding was subsequently supported by independent research. Knutson was invited to discuss his thesis on Ron Reagan's MSNBC talk show, but the invitation was withdrawn after the White House intervened.
Selected works
References
External links
GFDL home page
biographical sketch
Donaghy, T., et al. (2007) "Atmosphere of Pressure" a report of the Government Accountability Project (Cambridge, Mass.: UCS Publications), page 30
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration personnel
American climatologists
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change contribu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective%20adsorption | In surface science, selective adsorption is the effect when minima associated with bound-state resonances occur in specular intensity in atom-surface scattering.
In crystal growth, selective adsorption refers to the phenomenon where adsorbing molecules attach preferentially to certain crystal faces.
An example of selective adsorption can be demonstrated in the growth of Rochelle salt crystals. If copper ions are added to solution during the growth process, some crystal faces will slow down as copper apparently becomes a barrier to adsorption. However, by then adding sodium hydroxide to the solution, the preferred crystal faces will change once again.
Discovery
Pronounced intensity minima were first observed in 1930 by Theodor Estermann, Otto Frisch, and Otto Stern, during a series of gas-surface interaction experiments attempting to demonstrate the wave nature of atoms and molecules. The phenomenon has been explained in 1936 by John Lennard-Jones and Devonshire in terms of resonant transitions to bound surface states.
Significance
The selective adsorption binding energies can supply information on the gas-surface interaction potentials by yielding the vibrational energy spectrum of the gas atom bound to the surface. Starting from the 1970s, it has been extensively studied, both theoretically and experimentally. Energy levels measured with this technique are available for many systems.
References
Surface science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Swindon%20Town%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | This page details Swindon Town Football Club records.
Player records
Appearances
Youngest first-team player – Paul Rideout, 16 years 107 days (v. Hull City, 29 November 1980)
Most appearances
As of 1 February 2007. (Former players only, competitive matches only, includes appearances as substitute):
Goalscorers
Most goals in a season – 48, Harry Morris (1926–27)
Most League goals in a season – 47, Harry Morris, (1926–27)
Most goals in a single match – 5
Harry Morris (v. Queens Park Rangers, Third Division South, 18 December 1926)
Harry Morris (v. Norwich City, Third Division South, 26 April 1930)
Keith East (v. Mansfield Town, Third Division, 20 November 1965)
Most goals in the League – 216, Harry Morris
Top scorers
As of 18 November 2006 (competitive matches only):
Club records
Wins
Most League wins in a season – 32 in 46 matches, Fourth Division, 1985–86
Fewest League wins in a season –
0 in 16 matches, Western League, 1901–02
2 in 16 matches, Western League, 1900–01
2 in 30 matches, Southern League First Division, 1901–02
Defeats
Most League defeats in a season – 26 in 46 matches, First Division, 1999–2000
Fewest League defeats in a season –
2 in 8 matches, Western League, 1898–99
4 in 46 matches, Second Division, 1995–96
Goals
Most League goals scored in a season – 100 in 42 matches, Third Division South, 1926–27
Fewest League goals scored in a season –
7 in 6 matches, Western League, 1899–1900
17 in 30 matches, Southern League First Division, 1901–02
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain-induced%20barrier%20lowering | Drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) is a short-channel effect in MOSFETs referring originally to a reduction of threshold voltage of the transistor at higher drain voltages.
In a classic planar field-effect transistor with a long channel, the bottleneck in channel formation occurs far enough from the drain contact that it is electrostatically shielded from the drain by the combination of the substrate and gate, and so classically the threshold voltage was independent of drain voltage.
In short-channel devices this is no longer true: The drain is close enough to gate the channel, and so a high drain voltage can open the bottleneck and turn on the transistor prematurely.
The origin of the threshold decrease can be understood as a consequence of charge neutrality: the Yau charge-sharing model.
The combined charge in the depletion region of the device and that in the channel of the device is balanced by three electrode charges: the gate, the source and the drain. As drain voltage is increased, the depletion region of the p-n junction between the drain and body increases in size and extends under the gate, so the drain assumes a greater portion of the burden of balancing depletion region charge, leaving a smaller burden for the gate. As a result, the charge present on the gate retains charge balance by attracting more carriers into the channel, an effect equivalent to lowering the threshold voltage of the device.
In effect, the channel becomes more attractive for electrons. I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative%20variation | An index of qualitative variation (IQV) is a measure of statistical dispersion in nominal distributions. There are a variety of these, but they have been relatively little-studied in the statistics literature. The simplest is the variation ratio, while more complex indices include the information entropy.
Properties
There are several types of indices used for the analysis of nominal data. Several are standard statistics that are used elsewhere - range, standard deviation, variance, mean deviation, coefficient of variation, median absolute deviation, interquartile range and quartile deviation.
In addition to these several statistics have been developed with nominal data in mind. A number have been summarized and devised by Wilcox , , who requires the following standardization properties to be satisfied:
Variation varies between 0 and 1.
Variation is 0 if and only if all cases belong to a single category.
Variation is 1 if and only if cases are evenly divided across all categories.
In particular, the value of these standardized indices does not depend on the number of categories or number of samples.
For any index, the closer to uniform the distribution, the larger the variance, and the larger the differences in frequencies across categories, the smaller the variance.
Indices of qualitative variation are then analogous to information entropy, which is minimized when all cases belong to a single category and maximized in a uniform distribution. Indeed, information entro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviation%20%28statistics%29 | In mathematics and statistics, deviation is a measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean. The sign of the deviation reports the direction of that difference (the deviation is positive when the observed value exceeds the reference value). The magnitude of the value indicates the size of the difference.
Types
A deviation that is a difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity of interest (where true value denotes the Expected Value, such as the population mean) is an error.
A deviation that is the difference between the observed value and an estimate of the true value (e.g. the sample mean; the Expected Value of a sample can be used as an estimate of the Expected Value of the population) is a residual. These concepts are applicable for data at the interval and ratio levels of measurement.
Unsigned or absolute deviation
In statistics, the absolute deviation of an element of a data set is the absolute difference between that element and a given point. Typically the deviation is reckoned from the central value, being construed as some type of average, most often the median or sometimes the mean of the data set:
where
Di is the absolute deviation,
xi is the data element,
m(X) is the chosen measure of central tendency of the data set—sometimes the mean (), but most often the median.
Measures
Mean signed deviation
For an unbiased estimator, the average of the signed deviations acr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20T.%20Sampson | Henry Thomas Sampson Jr. (April 22, 1934 – June 4, 2015) was an American engineer, inventor and film historian who created the gamma-electric cell in 1972 — a device with the main goal of generating auxiliary power from the shielding of a nuclear reactor. He wrote wrote Blacks in Black and White: A Source Book on Black Films, The Ghost Walks: A Chronological History of Blacks in Show Business, 1865-1910, and the two volume Singin' on the Ether Waves: a Chronological History of African Americans in Radio and Television Programming, 1925–1955.
Early life
Henry Thomas Sampson was born on April 22, 1934, in Jackson, Mississippi, to Henry T. Sampson Sr. and Esther B. (Ellis) Sampson. He graduated from Jackson's Lanier High School in 1951. He then attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, before transferring to Purdue University, where he became a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity. He received a Bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Purdue University in 1956. He graduated with an MS degree in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1961. Sampson also received an MS in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1965, and his PhD in 1967. He was the first African American to earn a PhD. in nuclear engineering in the United States.{{}}
Early career
He was a member of the United States Navy from 1962 until 1964. Sampson was employed as a
chemical at the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake U.S. Naval Weapons Center, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univariate%20distribution | In statistics, a univariate distribution is a probability distribution of only one random variable. This is in contrast to a multivariate distribution, the probability distribution of a random vector (consisting of multiple random variables).
Examples
One of the simplest examples of a discrete univariate distribution is the discrete uniform distribution, where all elements of a finite set are equally likely. It is the probability model for the outcomes of tossing a fair coin, rolling a fair die, etc. The univariate continuous uniform distribution on an interval [a, b] has the property that all sub-intervals of the same length are equally likely.
Other examples of discrete univariate distributions include the binomial, geometric, negative binomial, and Poisson distributions. At least 750 univariate discrete distributions have been reported in the literature.
Examples of commonly applied continuous univariate distributions include the normal distribution, Student's t distribution, chisquare distribution, F distribution, exponential and gamma distributions.
See also
Univariate
Bivariate distribution
List of probability distributions
References
Further reading
Types of probability distributions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Fullmer | Don Fullmer (February 21, 1939 – January 28, 2012) was an American professional boxer and a brother of the former world middleweight champion Gene Fullmer. Eight years younger than his more famous brother, Don followed Gene into the gym in West Jordan, Utah, to learn how to box. He fought as an amateur for four years and did not lose in sixty-five fights. Another brother, Jay, was also active in boxing.
Boxing career
Don turned professional in 1957 as a middleweight and beat some top contenders during his early career, such as Rocky Fumerelle, Rocky Rivero, and Joe DeNucci. However, he also lost to some good fighters, such as former champions Terry Downes, Dick Tiger, José Torres and Emile Griffith, as well as Joey Archer.
In 1964 he beat Jimmy Ellis, who later went on to win the World Boxing Association version of the heavyweight championship. The win against Ellis began a winning streak for Fullmer and he went on to defeat Griffith and Archer in rematches. This streak ended when he lost to Nino Benvenuti in Rome in 1966. Benvenuti went on to win the middleweight title, and after Fullmer beat Carl "Bobo" Olson he fought a rematch with Benvenuti for the title in 1968. He knocked the Italian down but lost a fifteen-round unanimous decision. While never a recognized world champion, Fullmer did win a bout billed as for the "World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship" when he defeated Joe Hopkins in 1967. This title was the precursor to the current super middleweight champ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruppeiner%20geometry | Ruppeiner geometry is thermodynamic geometry (a type of information geometry) using the language of Riemannian geometry to study thermodynamics. George Ruppeiner proposed it in 1979. He claimed that thermodynamic systems can be represented by Riemannian geometry, and that statistical properties can be derived from the model.
This geometrical model is based on the inclusion of the theory of fluctuations into the axioms of equilibrium thermodynamics, namely, there exist equilibrium states which can be represented by points on two-dimensional surface (manifold) and the distance between these equilibrium states is related to the fluctuation between them. This concept is associated to probabilities, i.e. the less probable a fluctuation between states, the further apart they are. This can be recognized if one considers the metric tensor gij in the distance formula (line element) between the two equilibrium states
where the matrix of coefficients gij is the symmetric metric tensor which is called a Ruppeiner metric, defined as a negative Hessian of the entropy function
where U is the internal energy (mass) of the system and Na refers to the extensive parameters of the system. Mathematically, the Ruppeiner geometry is one particular type of information geometry and it is similar to the Fisher-Rao metric used in mathematical statistics.
The Ruppeiner metric can be understood as the thermodynamic limit (large systems limit) of the more general Fisher information metric. For small s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20C%20inhibitor | Protein C inhibitor (PCI, SERPINA5) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that limits the activity of protein C (an anticoagulant).
An N-terminal fragment of PCI is a possible serum biomarker for prostate cancer.
Protein C inhibitor is activated by heparin against thrombin.
Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is serine protease inhibitor of serpin type that is found in most tissues and fluids, including blood plasma, seminal plasma and urine of human. It is a 52kD glycoprotein and belongs to serine protease inhibitor ( Serpin) super family of protein. In the beginning protein C Inhibitor (PCI) was identified as an inhibitor of activated protein C (APC), it is currently clear that this inhibitor has an expansive specificity, inhibiting several blood coagulation enzymes counting thrombin and factor Xa.
Isolation
In the beginning, protein C inhibitor(PCI) was originally identified in human plasma by Griffin and Marlar and first isolation was performed by Suzuki et al. Protein C inhibitor (PCI) can be isolated from human plasma using an ordinary chromatographic procedure consisting of barium citrate adsorption, polyethylene glycol fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, dextran sulfate-agarose chromatography, gel filtration on ACA-44, and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography.
Structure
The structure (primary structure) of protein C inhibitor was deduced from its cDNA nucleotide sequence. The human Protein C inhibitor have 19 amino acid signal peptide. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamalysin | Adamalysin (, Crotalus adamanteus metalloendopeptidase, proteinase I and II, Crotalus adamanteus venom proteinase II, adamalysin II) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Cleavage of Phe1-Val, His5-Leu, His10-Leu, Ala14-Leu, Leu15-Tyr, and Tyr16-Leu of insulin B chain
This enzyme is present in the venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus).
See also
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase
References
External links
EC 3.4.24 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allysine | Allysine is a derivative of lysine that features a formyl group in place of the terminal amine. The free amino acid does not exist, but the allysine residue does. It is produced by aerobic oxidation of lysine residues by the enzyme lysyl oxidase. The transformation is an example of a post-translational modification. The semialdehyde form exists in equilibrium with a cyclic derivative.
Allysine is involved in the production of elastin and collagen. Increased allysine concentration in tissues has been correlated to the presence of fibrosis.
Allysine residues react with sodium 2-naphthol-6-sulfonate to produce a fluorescent bis-naphtol-allysine product. In another assay, allysine-containing proteins are reduced with sodium borohydride to give a peptide containing the 6-hydroxynorleucine (6-hydroxy-2-aminocaproic acid) residue, which (unlike allysine) is stable to proteolysis.
Further reading
See also
Saccharopine
References
Alpha-Amino acids
Aldehydes
Aldehydic acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isodesmosine | Isodesmosine is a lysine derivative found in elastin. Isodesmosine is an isomeric pyridinium-based amino acid resulting from the condensation of four lysine residues between elastin proteins by lysyl-oxidase. These represent ideal biomarkers for monitoring elastin turnover because these special cross-links are only found in mature elastin in mammals.
See also
Desmosine
References
Alpha-Amino acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azaz | Azaz () is a city in northwest Syria, roughly north-northwest of Aleppo. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 in the 2004 census. , its inhabitants were almost entirely Sunni Muslims, mostly Arabs but also some Kurds and Turkmen.
It is historically significant as the site of the Battle of Azaz between the Crusader States and the Seljuk Turks on June 11, 1125. It is close to a Syria–Turkey border crossing, which enters Turkey at Öncüpınar, south of the city of Kilis. It is the capital of the Syrian Interim Government.
History
The city was known in ancient times with different names: in Hurrian as Azazuwa, in Medieval Greek as Αζάζιον (Azázion), in Old Aramaic as Ḥzz (later evolved in Neo-Assyrian as Ḫazazu).
Early Islamic period
In excavations of the site of Tell Azaz, considerable quantities of ceramics from the early and middle Islamic periods were found. Despite the importance of Azaz as indicated by archaeological finds, the settlement was rarely mentioned in Islamic texts prior to the 12th century. However, a visit to the town by the Muslim musician Ishaq al-Mawsili (767–850) gives some indication of Azaz's importance during Abbasid rule. The Hamdanids of Aleppo (945–1002) built a brick citadel at Azaz. It was a square fortress with two enclosures, situated atop a tell.
On 10 August 1030, Tubbal near Azaz became the scene of a humiliating defeat of the Byzantine emperor Romanos III at the hands of the Mirdasids. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMELY | Amelogenin, Y isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELY gene. AMELY is located on the Y chromosome and encodes a form of amelogenin. Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in biomineralization during tooth enamel development.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the related AMELX gene on the X chromosome cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta.
References
External links
Further reading
Genes on human chromosome Y
Genetics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%20Crystal%20Palace | At Crystal Palace is the second studio album by the band Erase Errata, released in 2003.
Track listing
"Driving Test – 1:39
"Ca. Viewing" – 2:53
"Go to Sleep" – 1:56
"Retreat! The Most Familiar" – 2:25
"Surprise, It's Easter" – 1:33
"Let's Be Active C/O Club Hott" – 2:52
"Flippy Flop" – :56
"Owls" – 2:20
"Ease on Over" – 1:52
"The White Horse Is Bucking" – 1:20
"A Thief Detests the Criminal, Elements of the Ruling Class" – 2:11
"Harvester" – 1:22
"Matter No Medley" – 4:07
Personnel
Jenny Hoyston - Vocals, Trumpet
Ellie Erickson - Bass
Bianca Sparta - Drums
Sara Jaffe - Guitar
Maya - Recorder
References
2003 albums
Erase Errata albums
Queercore albums
Blast First albums
Avant-pop albums
No wave albums
Punk rock albums by American artists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ghost%20towns%20in%20California | This is an incomplete list of ghost towns on California.
Classification
Barren site
Sites no longer in existence
Sites that have been destroyed
Covered with water
Reverted to pasture
May have a few difficult to find foundations/footings at most
Neglected site
Only rubble left
Roofless building ruins
Buildings or houses still standing, but majority are roofless
Abandoned site
Building or houses still standing
Buildings and houses all abandoned
No population, except caretaker
Site no longer in existence except for one or two buildings, for example old church, grocery store
Semi abandoned site
Building or houses still standing
Buildings and houses largely abandoned
few residents
many abandoned buildings
Small population
Historic community
Building or houses still standing
Still a busy community
Smaller than its boom years
Population has decreased dramatically, to one fifth or less.
List
Fresno
Gallery
References
Calif
Ghost town
Tourist attractions in California
Ghost towns in California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ghost%20towns%20in%20Texas |
Classification
Barren site
Sites no longer in existence
Sites that have been destroyed
Submerged
Reverted to pasture
May have a few difficult-to-find foundations/footings at most
Neglected site
Only rubble left
All buildings uninhabited
Roofless building ruins
Some buildings or houses still standing
Abandoned site
Buildings or houses still standing
Buildings and houses all abandoned
No population, except caretaker
Site no longer in existence except for one or two buildings (for example old church, grocery store)
Semi-abandoned site
Building or houses still standing
Buildings and houses largely abandoned
Fewer than 50 residents
Many abandoned buildings
Small population
Historic community
Building or houses still standing
Still a busy community
Smaller than its boom years
Population has decreased dramatically, to one fifth or less
May now be census designated place
May have been Absorbed by extant entity
List
Images
References
Additional sourcing
Texas – GhostTowns.com
Texas Ghost Towns
Texas Escapes online magazine
Ghost Towns of Texas. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. Google Books. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
External links
Texas
Ghost towns
Ghost towns in Texas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novikov%27s%20condition | In probability theory, Novikov's condition is the sufficient condition for a stochastic process which takes the form of the Radon–Nikodym derivative in Girsanov's theorem to be a martingale. If satisfied together with other conditions, Girsanov's theorem may be applied to a Brownian motion stochastic process to change from the original measure to the new measure defined by the Radon–Nikodym derivative.
This condition was suggested and proved by Alexander Novikov. There are other results which may be used to show that the Radon–Nikodym derivative is a martingale, such as the more general criterion Kazamaki's condition, however Novikov's condition is the most well-known result.
Assume that
is a real valued adapted process on the probability space and is an adapted Brownian motion:
If the condition
is fulfilled then the process
is a martingale under the probability measure and the filtration . Here denotes the Doléans-Dade exponential.
References
External links
Martingale theory |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.