source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameKey
GameKeys are expansion modules made by Jakks Pacific for the purpose of adding games to GameKey-ready entries in their Plug It In & Play TV Games product line. History The GameKey was first announced at the 2005 International Toy Fair, and the first products were released in July 2005. GameKeys were mainly marketed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographic%20optimization
Lexicographic optimization is a kind of Multi-objective optimization. In general, multi-objective optimization deals with optimization problems with two or more objective functions to be optimized simultaneously. Often, the different objectives can be ranked in order of importance to the decision-maker, so that objecti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenome-wide%20association%20study
In genetics and genetic epidemiology, a phenome-wide association study, abbreviated PheWAS, is a study design in which the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms or other types of DNA variants is tested across a large number of different phenotypes. The aim of PheWAS studies (or PheWASs) is to examine the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduccia%E2%80%93Mattheyses%20algorithm
A classical approach to solve the Hypergraph bipartitioning problem is an iterative heuristic by Charles Fiduccia and Robert Mattheyses. This heuristic is commonly called the FM algorithm. Introduction FM algorithm is a linear time heuristic for improving network partitions. New features to K-L heuristic: Aims at re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyDLP
MyDLP is a data loss prevention solution originally available released as free and open source software. Supported data inspection channels include web, mail, instant messaging, file transfer to removable storage devices and printers. The MyDLP development project originally made its source code available under the ter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-signal%20model
Small-signal modeling is a common analysis technique in electronics engineering used to approximate the behavior of electronic circuits containing nonlinear devices with linear equations. It is applicable to electronic circuits in which the AC signals (i.e., the time-varying currents and voltages in the circuit) are s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Network%20Control%20Program
The IBM Network Control Program, or NCP, was software that ran on a 37xx communications controller and managed communication with remote devices. NCP provided services comparable to the data link layer and Network Layer functions in the OSI model of a Wide area network. Overview The original IBM Network Control Progra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%20nutrition%20in%20the%20arbuscular%20mycorrhizal%20system
Nitrogen nutrition in the arbuscular mycorrhizal system refers to... Role of nitrogen Nitrogen is a vital macronutrient for plants, necessary for the biosynthesis of many basic cellular components, such as DNA, RNA and proteins. Nitrogen is obtained by plants through roots from inorganic or organic sources, such as am...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbon%E2%80%93human%20last%20common%20ancestor
The phylogenetic split of the superfamily Hominoidea (apes) into the Hylobatidae (gibbons) and Hominidae (great apes) families (also dubbed "gibbon–human last common ancestor", GHLCA) is dated to the early Miocene, roughly . Hylobatidae has four gibbon genera (Hylobates with 9 species, Hoolock with 3 species, Nomascus...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary%20Diploma%20of%20the%20Verkhovna%20Rada%20of%20Ukraine
The Honorary Diploma of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is an award of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine for significant contribution to any sphere of life, outstanding socio-political activities, services to the Ukrainian people in promoting and strengthening Ukraine as a democratic, social, legal state, imple...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20provincial%20flags%20of%20Spain
This is a list of flags of provinces of Spain. The flags are listed per autonomous community. The list also discusses coat of arms as most flags feature them. Andalusia Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Basque Country Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castilla-La Mancha Catalonia Extremadura Galicia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammatone%20filter
A gammatone filter is a linear filter described by an impulse response that is the product of a gamma distribution and sinusoidal tone. It is a widely used model of auditory filters in the auditory system. A gammatone response was originally proposed in 1972 as a description of revcor functions measured in the cochlea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typing%20environment
In type theory a typing environment (or typing context) represents the association between variable names and data types. More formally an environment is a set or ordered list of pairs , usually written as , where is a variable and its type. The judgement is read as " has type in context ". For each function ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum%20jelly
Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin, or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties. Vaseline has been a well-known American brand of petroleum ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipodophyllotoxin
Epipodophyllotoxins are substances naturally occurring in the root of American Mayapple plant (Podophyllum peltatum). Some epipodophyllotoxin derivatives are currently used in the treatment of cancer. These include etoposide and teniposide. They act as anti-cancer drugs by inhibiting topoisomerase II. See also Podoph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okumura%20model
The Okumura model is a radio propagation model that was built using the data collected in the city of Tokyo, Japan. The model is ideal for using in cities with many urban structures but not many tall blocking structures. The model served as a base for the Hata model. Okumura model was built into three modes. The ones ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells%20score%20%28pulmonary%20embolism%29
The Wells score is a clinical prediction rule used to classify patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE) into risk groups by quantifying the pre-test probability. It is different than Well's score for DVT (deep vein thrombosis). It was originally described by Well's et al. in 1998, using their experience fr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versatile%20Video%20Coding
Versatile Video Coding (VVC), also known as H.266, ISO/IEC 23090-3, and MPEG-I Part 3, is a video compression standard finalized on 6 July 2020, by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET), a joint video expert team of the VCEG working group of ITU-T Study Group 16 and the MPEG working group of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29. It is th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russula%20aeruginea
Russula aeruginea, also known as the grass-green russula, the tacky green russula, or the green russula, is an edible Russula mushroom. Widely distributed in northern temperate regions, it is usually found under birch, mostly in pine forests. The very poisonous death cap can have a similar appearance, especially from a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced%20Mitigation%20Experience%20Toolkit
Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) is a freeware security toolkit for Microsoft Windows, developed by Microsoft. It provides a unified interface to enable and fine-tune Windows security features. It can be used as an extra layer of defense against malware attacks, after the firewall and before antivirus soft...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unary%20coding
Unary coding, or the unary numeral system and also sometimes called thermometer code, is an entropy encoding that represents a natural number, n, with a code of length n + 1 ( or n ), usually n ones followed by a zero (if natural number is understood as non-negative integer) or with n − 1 ones followed by a zero (if n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen%20Moser
Jürgen Kurt Moser (July 4, 1928 – December 17, 1999) was a German-American mathematician, honored for work spanning over four decades, including Hamiltonian dynamical systems and partial differential equations. Life Moser's mother Ilse Strehlke was a niece of the violinist and composer Louis Spohr. His father was the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20lamella
The middle lamella is a layer that cements together the primary cell walls of two adjoining plant cells. It is the first formed layer to be deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into middle lamella or lamellum. The middle lamella is made up of calcium...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit%20instrument
In astronomy, a transit instrument is a small telescope with extremely precisely graduated mount used for the precise observation of star positions. They were previously widely used in astronomical observatories and naval observatories to measure star positions in order to compile nautical almanacs for use by mariners...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20%28physics%29
In physics, action is a scalar quantity that describes how the energy of a physical system has changed over time (its dynamics). Action is significant because the equations of motion of a system can be derived through the principle of stationary action. In the simple case of a single particle moving with a constant ve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombyx%20mori
The domestic silk moth (Bombyx mori) is an insect from the moth family Bombycidae. It is the closest relative of Bombyx mandarina, the wild silk moth. The silkworm is the larva (or caterpillar) of a silk moth. The silkworm is of particular economic value, being a primary producer of silk. A silkworm's preferred food is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nupapillomavirus
Nupapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. Humans serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Nupapillomavirus 1. Diseases associated with this genus include: facial warts. It has also been detected in some skin carcinomas and premalignant keratoses. Structure Viruses ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desperate%20Dan
Desperate Dan is a wild west character in the now-defunct Scottish comic magazine The Dandy. He made his appearance in the first issue which was dated 4 December 1937 and became the magazine's mascot. He is apparently the world's strongest man, able to lift a cow with one hand. The pillow of his (reinforced) bed is fil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%20hypothesis
In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is the conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part . Many consider it to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics. It is of great interest in number theory because it implies result...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.37
T.37 is an ITU standard which deals with sending fax messages using email. It is also referred to as "Internet fax" or "Store-forward-fax". A fax machine supporting T.37 will send a fax to an email address by converting the document to a TIFF-F image, attaching it to an email (using the MIME format), and sending the d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corners%20theorem
In arithmetic combinatorics, the corners theorem states that for every , for large enough , any set of at least points in the grid contains a corner, i.e., a triple of points of the form with . It was first proved by Miklós Ajtai and Endre Szemerédi in 1974 using Szemerédi's theorem. In 2003, József Solymosi gave a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrst-Plattner%20Rule
The Fürst-Plattner rule (also known as the trans-diaxial effect) describes the stereoselective addition of nucleophiles to cyclohexene derivatives. Introduction Cyclohexene derivatives, such as imines, epoxides, and halonium ions, react with nucleophiles in a stereoselective fashion, affording trans-diaxial addition p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Louis%20Lagrange
Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangia or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier; 25 January 1736 – 10 April 1813), also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia, was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer, later naturalized French. He made significant contributions to the fields of a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative%20Study%20on%20the%20Genetics%20of%20Alcoholism
The Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) is an eleven-center research project in the United States designed to understand the genetic basis of alcoholism. Research is conducted at University of Connecticut, Indiana University, University of Iowa, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Washington Universi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmic%20contact
An ohmic contact is a non-rectifying electrical junction: a junction between two conductors that has a linear current–voltage (I–V) curve as with Ohm's law. Low-resistance ohmic contacts are used to allow charge to flow easily in both directions between the two conductors, without blocking due to rectification or exces...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Indian%20Stammering%20Association
The Indian Stammering Association (TISA) is a public charitable trust and self-help movement for people in India who stammer. In India a person who stammers (PWS) faces stigma at home and in public, as often parents chide their children publicly, and social acceptance is not high. Background An estimated 11 to 12 mill...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20animals%20by%20number%20of%20neurons
The following are two lists of animals ordered by the size of their nervous system. The first list shows number of neurons in their entire nervous system, indicating their overall neural complexity. The second list shows the number of neurons in the structure that has been found to be representative of animal intelli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection%20%28algebraic%20framework%29
Geometry of quantum systems (e.g., noncommutative geometry and supergeometry) is mainly phrased in algebraic terms of modules and algebras. Connections on modules are generalization of a linear connection on a smooth vector bundle written as a Koszul connection on the -module of sections of . Commutative algebra Le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-function%20structure
A multi-function material is a composite material. The traditional approach to the development of structures is to address the load-carrying function and other functional requirements separately. Recently, however, there has been increased interest in the development of load-bearing materials and structures which have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyelectrolyte%20adsorption
Adsorption of polyelectrolytes on solid substrates is a surface phenomenon where long-chained polymer molecules with charged groups (dubbed polyelectrolytes) bind to a surface that is charged in the opposite polarity. On the molecular level, the polymers do not actually bond to the surface, but tend to "stick" to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%E2%80%93industrial%20complex
Animal–industrial complex (AIC) is a concept used by activists and scholars to describe what they contend is the systematic and institutionalized exploitation of animals. It includes every economic activity involving animals, such as the food industry (e.g., meat, dairy, poultry, apiculture), animal testing (e.g., acad...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20bracket
In mathematics and classical mechanics, the Poisson bracket is an important binary operation in Hamiltonian mechanics, playing a central role in Hamilton's equations of motion, which govern the time evolution of a Hamiltonian dynamical system. The Poisson bracket also distinguishes a certain class of coordinate transfo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangprinter
Hangprinter is an open-source fused deposition modeling delta 3D printer notable for its unique frameless design. It was created by Torbjørn Ludvigsen. The Hangprinter uses relatively low cost parts and can be constructed for around US$250. The printer is part of the RepRap project, meaning many of the parts of the pri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20ball
A root ball is the mass of roots and growing media at the base of a plant such as trees, shrubs, and other perennials and annual plants. The appearance and structure of the root ball will be largely dependent on the method of growing used in the production of the plant. The root ball of a container plant will be differ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20space%20enumeration
In computer science, state space enumeration are methods that consider each reachable program state to determine whether a program satisfies a given property. As programs increase in size and complexity, the state space grows exponentially. The state space used by these methods can be reduced by maintaining only the pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Tesla%20coil
Nikola Tesla patented the Tesla coil circuit on April 25, 1891. and first publicly demonstrated it May 20, 1891 in his lecture "Experiments with Alternate Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination" before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers at Columbia Colleg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SigmaTel
SigmaTel, Inc., was an American system-on-a-chip (SoC), electronics and software company headquartered in Austin, Texas, that designed AV media player/recorder SoCs, reference circuit boards, SoC software development kits built around a custom cooperative kernel and all SoC device drivers including USB mass storage and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NimbleX
NimbleX is a small Slackware-based Linux distribution optimized to run from a CD, USB drive or a network environment. NimbleX has been praised for how fast it boots, as well as for its small disk footprint, which is considered surprising for a distribution using KDE as desktop environment. NimbleX was also remarked for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawkers
Tawkers is a Saas application, which allows publishers to create and distribute branded text message conversations live or after the fact. The application is created for various devices, but was originally launched as an iPhone app and has become a set of content tools for brand marketers and publishers. Tawkers is own...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior%20atlantooccipital%20membrane
The anterior atlantooccipital membrane (anterior atlantooccipital ligament) is a broad, dense membrane extending between the anterior margin of the foramen magnum (superiorly), and (the superior margin of) the anterior arch of atlas (inferiorly). The membrane helps limit excessive movement at the atlanto-occipital joi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20finite%20operator
In mathematics, a linear operator is called locally finite if the space is the union of a family of finite-dimensional -invariant subspaces. In other words, there exists a family of linear subspaces of , such that we have the following: Each is finite-dimensional. An equivalent condition only requires to b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CALHM1
Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel and a voltage-gated ATP channel that in humans is encoded by the CALHM1 gene. Function Central nervous system CALHM1 was identified by a tissue-specific gene expression profiling approach that screened for genes locate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throat%20culture
A throat culture is a laboratory diagnostic test that evaluates for the presence of a bacterial or fungal infection in the throat. A sample from the throat is collected by swabbing the throat and placing the sample into a special cup (culture) that allows infections to grow. If an organism grows, the culture is positiv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Mobile%20Radio%20Service
The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile FM UHF radio service designed for short-range two-way voice communication and authorized under part 95 of the US FCC code. It requires a license in the United States, but some GMRS compatible equipment can be used license-free in Canada. The US GMRS license is i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20H.%20Smith%20%28mathematician%29
John Howard Smith is an American mathematician and retired professor of mathematics at Boston College. He received his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963, under the supervision of Kenkichi Iwasawa. In voting theory, he is known for the Smith set, the smallest nonempty set of candidates such th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20base
A negative base (or negative radix) may be used to construct a non-standard positional numeral system. Like other place-value systems, each position holds multiples of the appropriate power of the system's base; but that base is negative—that is to say, the base is equal to for some natural number (). Negative-base...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20wave%20tube
An acoustic duct or plane wave tube is a test facility used in acoustics. Anechoic chambers are typically subject to a low frequency limit, governed by the length of the sound absorbing wedges employed to prevent reflections within the chamber. Test and measurement microphone calibration services are often required to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logjam%20%28computer%20security%29
Logjam is a security vulnerability in systems that use Diffie–Hellman key exchange with the same prime number. It was discovered by a team of computer scientists and publicly reported on May 20, 2015. The discoverers were able to demonstrate their attack on 512-bit (US export-grade) DH systems. They estimated that a st...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20of%20human%20intelligence
The evolution of human intelligence is closely tied to the evolution of the human brain and to the origin of language. The timeline of human evolution spans approximately seven million years, from the separation of the genus Pan until the emergence of behavioral modernity by 50,000 years ago. The first three million ye...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr%20effect
The Bohr effect is a phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr. Hemoglobin's oxygen binding affinity (see oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve) is inversely related both to acidity and to the concentration of carbon dioxide. That is, the Bohr effect refers to the shift in the oxygen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room%20modes
Room modes are the collection of resonances that exist in a room when the room is excited by an acoustic source such as a loudspeaker. Most rooms have their fundamental resonances in the 20 Hz to 200 Hz region, each frequency being related to one or more of the room's dimensions or a divisor thereof. These resonances a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20address%20space%20operating%20system
In computer science, a single address space operating system (or SASOS) is an operating system that provides only one globally shared address space for all processes. In a single address space operating system, numerically identical (virtual memory) logical addresses in different processes all refer to exactly the same...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreaming%20in%20Code
Dreaming in Code: Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, and One Quest for Transcendent Software is a (2007) Random House literary nonfiction book by Salon.com editor and journalist Scott Rosenberg. It documents the workers of Mitch Kapor's Open Source Applications Foundation as they struggled with collaborat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20rogue%20waves
This list of rogue waves compiles incidents of known and likely rogue waves – also known as freak waves, monster waves, killer waves, and extreme waves. These are dangerous and rare ocean surface waves that unexpectedly reach at least twice the height of the tallest waves around them, and are often described by witness...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20q-Hermite%20polynomials
In mathematics, the continuous q-Hermite polynomials are a family of basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the basic Askey scheme. give a detailed list of their properties. Definition The polynomials are given in terms of basic hypergeometric functions by Recurrence and difference relations with the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical%20Science%20International
Anatomical Science International is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers gross, histologic, cellular, molecular, biochemical, physiological and behavioral studies of humans and experimental animals. It is the official publication of the Japanese Association of Anatomists (formerly known as Kaibogaku Zasshi). Ac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondements%20de%20la%20G%C3%A9ometrie%20Alg%C3%A9brique
Fondements de la Géometrie Algébrique (FGA) is a book that collected together seminar notes of Alexander Grothendieck. It is an important source for his pioneering work on scheme theory, which laid foundations for algebraic geometry in its modern technical developments. The title is a translation of the title of Andr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinomial%20triangle
The trinomial triangle is a variation of Pascal's triangle. The difference between the two is that an entry in the trinomial triangle is the sum of the three (rather than the two in Pascal's triangle) entries above it: The -th entry of the -th row is denoted by . Rows are counted starting from 0. The entries of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Union%20for%20Pure%20and%20Applied%20Biophysics
The International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) is an international non-governmental organization whose mission is to assist in the worldwide development of biophysics, to foster international cooperation in biophysics, and to help in the application of biophysics toward solving problems of concern to a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean-valued
Boolean-valued usually refers to: in most applied fields: something taking one of two values (example: True or False, On or Off, 1 or 0) referring to two-element Boolean algebra (the Boolean domain), e.g. Boolean-valued function or Boolean data type in mathematics: something taking values over an arbitrary, abstract ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Grid%20Forum
The Open Grid Forum (OGF) is a community of users, developers, and vendors for standardization of grid computing. It was formed in 2006 in a merger of the Global Grid Forum and the Enterprise Grid Alliance. The OGF models its process on the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and produces documents with many acro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leccinum%20vulpinum
Leccinum vulpinum, commonly known as the foxy bolete, is a bolete fungus in the genus Leccinum that is found in Europe. It was described as new to science by Roy Watling in 1961. An edible species, it grows in mycorrhizal association with species of pine and bearberry. See also List of Leccinum species
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility%20preservation
Fertility preservation is the effort to help cancer patients retain their fertility, or ability to procreate. Research into how cancer, ageing and other health conditions effect reproductive health and preservation options are growing. Specifically sparked in part by the increase in the survival rate of cancer patients...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20time
Local time is the time observed in a specific locality. There is no canonical definition. Originally it was mean solar time, but since the introduction of time zones it is generally the time as determined by the time zone in effect, with daylight saving time where and when applicable. In some places this is known as s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoatrophy
Lipoatrophy is the term describing the localized loss of fat tissue. This may occur as a result of subcutaneous injections of insulin in the treatment of diabetes, from the use of human growth hormone or from subcutaneous injections of copaxone used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. In the latter case, an inject...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20gravitational%20theory
In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass. There have been numerous theories of gravitation since ancient times. The first extant sources discussing such theories are found in ancient Greek philosophy. This work was furthered through the Middle A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%20value%20%28nuclear%20science%29
In nuclear physics and chemistry, the value for a reaction is the amount of energy absorbed or released during the nuclear reaction. The value relates to the enthalpy of a chemical reaction or the energy of radioactive decay products. It can be determined from the masses of reactants and products. values affect reac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrya%20chromapes
Harrya chromapes, commonly known as the yellowfoot bolete or the chrome-footed bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The bolete is found in eastern North America, Costa Rica, and eastern Asia, where it grows on the ground, in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous and coniferous trees. Fruit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended%20animation
Suspended animation is the temporary (short- or long-term) slowing or stopping of biological function so that physiological capabilities are preserved. It may be either hypometabolic or ametabolic in nature. It may be induced by either endogenous, natural or artificial biological, chemical or physical means. In its nat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EOS%20memory
EOS memory (for ECC on SIMMs) is an error-correcting memory system built into SIMMs, used to upgrade server-class computers without built-in ECC memory support. The EOS SIMM itself does the error checking, with reduced need for ECC memory modules and support. The technology was introduced by IBM in the mid-1990s.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20Burlington%2C%20Vermont
The flag of Burlington, Vermont was adopted by the Burlington city council on November 27, 2017 during the mayorship of Miro Weinberger. It is five horizontal, zig-zag stripes of blue, white, green, white, and blue. History 1990 flag In 1990, a group of students at Edmunds Middle School, led by eighth grader Cara W...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20form
In mathematics, a space form is a complete Riemannian manifold M of constant sectional curvature K. The three most fundamental examples are Euclidean n-space, the n-dimensional sphere, and hyperbolic space, although a space form need not be simply connected. Reduction to generalized crystallography The Killing–Hopf ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20modeling
Plasma modeling refers to solving equations of motion that describe the state of a plasma. It is generally coupled with Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields or Poisson's equation for electrostatic fields. There are several main types of plasma models: single particle, kinetic, fluid, hybrid kinetic/fluid, gyr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic%20algorithm
In computer science, a holographic algorithm is an algorithm that uses a holographic reduction. A holographic reduction is a constant-time reduction that maps solution fragments many-to-many such that the sum of the solution fragments remains unchanged. These concepts were introduced by Leslie Valiant, who called them ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOT
XOT (X.25 Over TCP) is a protocol developed by Cisco Systems that enables X.25 packets to be encapsulated and routed through TCP/IP connections instead of LAPB links. In 2012, X.25 tunnelled over TCP/IP using XOT was noted as by then being likely more common in actual use than physical X.25 over LAPB.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateman%20equation
In nuclear physics, the Bateman equation is a mathematical model describing abundances and activities in a decay chain as a function of time, based on the decay rates and initial abundances. The model was formulated by Ernest Rutherford in 1905 and the analytical solution was provided by Harry Bateman in 1910. If, at ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgaviridae
Virgaviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. The name of the family is derived from the Latin word virga (rod), as all viruses in this family are rod-shaped. There are currently 59 species in this family, divided among seven genera. Structure Viruses in Virgaviridae are non-e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing-point%20depression
Freezing-point depression is a drop in the maximum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance is added. Examples include adding salt into water (used in ice cream makers and for de-icing roads), alcohol in water, ethylene or propylene glycol in water (used ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScreenOS
ScreenOS is a real-time embedded operating system for the NetScreen range of hardware firewall devices from Juniper Networks. Features Beside transport level security ScreenOS also integrates these flow management applications: IP gateway VPN management – ICSA-certified IPSec IP packet inspection (low level) for p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20deprivation%20experiments
Language deprivation experiments have been claimed to have been attempted at least four times through history, isolating infants from the normal use of spoken or signed language in an attempt to discover the fundamental character of human nature or the origin of language. The American literary scholar Roger Shattuck c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifson%E2%80%93Roig%20model
In polymer science, the Lifson–Roig model is a helix-coil transition model applied to the alpha helix-random coil transition of polypeptides; it is a refinement of the Zimm–Bragg model that recognizes that a polypeptide alpha helix is only stabilized by a hydrogen bond only once three consecutive residues have adopted...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning%20cone
Spinning cone columns are used in a form of low temperature vacuum steam distillation to gently extract volatile chemicals from liquid foodstuffs while minimising the effect on the taste of the product. For instance, the columns can be used to remove some of the alcohol from wine, 'off' smells from cream, and to captur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QRpedia
QRpedia is a mobile Web-based system which uses QR codes to deliver Wikipedia articles to users, in their preferred language. A typical use is on museum labels, linking to Wikipedia articles about the exhibited object. QR codes can easily be generated to link directly to any Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), but the Q...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Gilbarg
David Gilbarg (17 September 1918, Boston, Massachusetts – 20 April 2001, Palo Alto, California) was an American mathematician, and a professor emeritus at Stanford University. He completed his Ph.D. at Indiana University in 1941; his dissertation, titled On the Structure of the group of p-adic l-units, was written und...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplesse
Simplesse is a multi-functional dairy ingredient made from whey protein concentrate used as a fat substitute in low-calorie foods. Originally brought to market in 1988, the manufacturer, CP Kelco (a former NutraSweet subsidiary), sells Simplesse to food processors as a "microparticulated whey protein concentrate" in dr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canned%20fish
Canned or tinned fish are food fish which have been processed, sealed in an airtight container such as a sealed tin can, and subjected to heat. Canning is a method of preserving food, and provides a typical shelf life ranging from one to five years. They are usually opened via a can opener, but sometimes have a pull-ta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellar%20hemisphere
The cerebellum consists of three parts, a median and two lateral, which are continuous with each other, and are substantially the same in structure. The median portion is constricted, and is called the vermis, from its annulated appearance which it owes to the transverse ridges and furrows upon it; the lateral expanded...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20and%20vibration%20on%20maritime%20vessels
Noise and vibration on maritime vessels are not the same but they have the same origin and come in many forms. The methods to handle the related problems are similar, to a certain level, where most shipboard noise problems are reduced by controlling vibration. Sources The main producers of mechanically created noise a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Committee%20on%20Taxonomy%20of%20Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses. The ICTV develops a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus taxon. The members of the Inte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savior%20sibling
A savior baby or savior sibling is a child who is conceived in order to provide a stem cell transplant to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease, such as cancer or Fanconi anemia, that can best be treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Introduction The savior sibling is conceived through in vitr...