source
stringlengths
31
168
text
stringlengths
51
3k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%27s%20equation
In mathematics, Fisher's equation (named after statistician and biologist Ronald Fisher) also known as the Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov equation (named after Andrey Kolmogorov, Ivan Petrovsky, and Nikolai Piskunov), KPP equation or Fisher–KPP equation is the partial differential equation:It is a kind of reaction–diffu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian%20tensor
In geometry and linear algebra, a Cartesian tensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components. Converting a tensor's components from one such basis to another is done through an orthogonal transformation. The most familiar coordinate systems are the two-dimensional a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverman%E2%80%93Toeplitz%20theorem
In mathematics, the Silverman–Toeplitz theorem, first proved by Otto Toeplitz, is a result in summability theory characterizing matrix summability methods that are regular. A regular matrix summability method is a matrix transformation of a convergent sequence which preserves the limit. An infinite matrix with comple...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Williams%20%28American%20football%29
Warren Williams Jr. (born July 29, 1965) is a former professional American football running back. He played college football at the University of Miami. College statistics 1984: 29 carries for 140 yards. 13 catches for 154 yards and 1 touchdown. 1985: 89 carries for 522 yards and 4 touchdowns. 14 catches for 131 yards...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial%20experiment
In statistics, a full factorial experiment is an experiment whose design consists of two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or "levels", and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. A full factorial design may also be called a fully crossed des...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinn
Chinn is a surname, originating both in England and among overseas Chinese communities. Origins and statistics As an English surname, it originated as a nickname for people with prominent chins, from Middle English or . It is also a spelling, based on the pronunciation in some varieties of Chinese including Hakka, of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclass%20%28set%20theory%29
In set theory and its applications throughout mathematics, a subclass is a class contained in some other class in the same way that a subset is a set contained in some other set. That is, given classes A and B, A is a subclass of B if and only if every member of A is also a member of B. If A and B are sets, then of co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-dual%20space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, the beta-dual or -dual is a certain linear subspace of the algebraic dual of a sequence space. Definition Given a sequence space the -dual of is defined as If is an FK-space then each in defines a continuous linear form on Examples Properties The beta-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijection%2C%20injection%20and%20surjection
In mathematics, injections, surjections, and bijections are classes of functions distinguished by the manner in which arguments (input expressions from the domain) and images (output expressions from the codomain) are related or mapped to each other. A function maps elements from its domain to elements in its codomain...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyration
In geometry, a gyration is a rotation in a discrete subgroup of symmetries of the Euclidean plane such that the subgroup does not also contain a reflection symmetry whose axis passes through the center of rotational symmetry. In the orbifold corresponding to the subgroup, a gyration corresponds to a rotation point that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEPA
Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) is a stochastic process algebra designed for modelling computer and communication systems introduced by Jane Hillston in the 1990s. The language extends classical process algebras such as Milner's CCS and Hoare's CSP by introducing probabilistic branching and timing of tran...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric%20derivative
In calculus, a parametric derivative is a derivative of a dependent variable with respect to another dependent variable that is taken when both variables depend on an independent third variable, usually thought of as "time" (that is, when the dependent variables are x and y and are given by parametric equations in t). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential-algebraic%20system%20of%20equations
In electrical engineering, a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAE) is a system of equations that either contains differential equations and algebraic equations, or is equivalent to such a system. In mathematics these are examples of differential algebraic varieties and correspond to ideals in differential po...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact%20Equation
In mathematics, the term exact equation can refer either of the following: Exact differential equation Exact differential form
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakayama%27s%20lemma
In mathematics, more specifically abstract algebra and commutative algebra, Nakayama's lemma — also known as the Krull–Azumaya theorem — governs the interaction between the Jacobson radical of a ring (typically a commutative ring) and its finitely generated modules. Informally, the lemma immediately gives a precise se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20block%20%28disambiguation%29
City block may refer to: City block, an area of a city surrounded by streets City Block (Judge Dredd), a part of the fictional universe recounted in the Judge Dredd comix Taxicab geometry or city block distance, a special case of the Minkowski distance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teichm%C3%BCller%20space
In mathematics, the Teichmüller space of a (real) topological (or differential) surface is a space that parametrizes complex structures on up to the action of homeomorphisms that are isotopic to the identity homeomorphism. Teichmüller spaces are named after Oswald Teichmüller. Each point in a Teichmüller space may...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesz%E2%80%93Fischer%20theorem
In mathematics, the Riesz–Fischer theorem in real analysis is any of a number of closely related results concerning the properties of the space L2 of square integrable functions. The theorem was proven independently in 1907 by Frigyes Riesz and Ernst Sigismund Fischer. For many authors, the Riesz–Fischer theorem refe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobi%C5%84ski%27s%20formula
In combinatorial mathematics, Dobiński's formula states that the n-th Bell number Bn (i.e., the number of partitions of a set of size n) equals where denotes Euler's number. The formula is named after G. Dobiński, who published it in 1877. Probabilistic content In the setting of probability theory, Dobiński's formu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAL%20%28programming%20language%29
CAL, short for Conversational Algebraic Language, was a programming language and system designed and developed by Butler Lampson at Berkeley in 1967 for the SDS 940 mainframe computer. CAL is a version of the seminal JOSS language with several cleanups and new features to take advantage of the SDS platform. The Berkel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20Boolean%20algebra
In mathematics, a complete Boolean algebra is a Boolean algebra in which every subset has a supremum (least upper bound). Complete Boolean algebras are used to construct Boolean-valued models of set theory in the theory of forcing. Every Boolean algebra A has an essentially unique completion, which is a complete Bool...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20closed
In mathematics a p-group is called power closed if for every section of the product of powers is again a th power. Regular p-groups are an example of power closed groups. On the other hand, powerful p-groups, for which the product of powers is again a th power are not power closed, as this property does not hold ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Mises%20distribution
In probability theory and directional statistics, the von Mises distribution (also known as the circular normal distribution or Tikhonov distribution) is a continuous probability distribution on the circle. It is a close approximation to the wrapped normal distribution, which is the circular analogue of the normal dist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerful%20p-group
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, especially in the study of p-groups and pro-p-groups, the concept of powerful p-groups plays an important role. They were introduced in , where a number of applications are given, including results on Schur multipliers. Powerful p-groups are used in the study of automorph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan%27s%20equivalence%20method
In mathematics, Cartan's equivalence method is a technique in differential geometry for determining whether two geometrical structures are the same up to a diffeomorphism. For example, if M and N are two Riemannian manifolds with metrics g and h, respectively, when is there a diffeomorphism such that ? Although th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike%20rate
Strike rate refers to two different statistics in the sport of cricket. Batting strike rate is a measure of how quickly a batter achieves the primary goal of batting, namely scoring runs, measured in runs per 100 balls; higher is better. Bowling strike rate is a measure of how quickly a bowler achieves the primary goal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-p%20group
In mathematics, a pro-p group (for some prime number p) is a profinite group such that for any open normal subgroup the quotient group is a p-group. Note that, as profinite groups are compact, the open subgroups are exactly the closed subgroups of finite index, so that the discrete quotient group is always finite. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality%20of%20the%20District%20of%20East%20Hants
East Hants, officially named the Municipality of the District of East Hants, is a district municipality in Hants County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district. With its administrative seat in Elmsdale, the district municipality occupies the eastern half of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%20distribution
In probability theory, the Rice distribution or Rician distribution (or, less commonly, Ricean distribution) is the probability distribution of the magnitude of a circularly-symmetric bivariate normal random variable, possibly with non-zero mean (noncentral). It was named after Stephen O. Rice (1907–1986). Characteriz...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Woit
Peter Woit (; born September 11, 1957) is an American theoretical physicist. He is a senior lecturer in the Mathematics department at Columbia University. Woit, a critic of string theory, has published a book Not Even Wrong (2006) and writes a blog of the same name. Career Woit graduated in 1979 from Harvard Univers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20bridge
A Brownian bridge is a continuous-time stochastic process B(t) whose probability distribution is the conditional probability distribution of a standard Wiener process W(t) (a mathematical model of Brownian motion) subject to the condition (when standardized) that W(T) = 0, so that the process is pinned to the same valu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20compact%20quantum%20group
In mathematics and theoretical physics, a locally compact quantum group is a relatively new C*-algebraic approach toward quantum groups that generalizes the Kac algebra, compact-quantum-group and Hopf-algebra approaches. Earlier attempts at a unifying definition of quantum groups using, for example, multiplicative unit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Hellaby
Charles William Hellaby is a South African mathematician who is an associate professor of applied mathematics at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, working in the field of cosmology. He is a member of the International Astronomical Union and a member of the Baháʼí Faith. Life Hellaby was born to Rev. William ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi%20Cremona
Antonio Luigi Gaudenzio Giuseppe Cremona (7 December 1830 – 10 June 1903) was an Italian mathematician. His life was devoted to the study of geometry and reforming advanced mathematical teaching in Italy. He worked on algebraic curves and algebraic surfaces, particularly through his paper Introduzione ad una teoria geo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUP
Sup or SUP may refer to: Saskatchewan United Party, a political party in Saskatchewan Supremum or sup, in mathematics, the least upper bound Societas unius personae, proposed EU type of single-person company SUP Media or Sup Fabrik, a Russian internet company Sailors' Union of the Pacific Scottish Unionist Party...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20mathematics
Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BCE until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, and Varāhamihira. The decimal number system in use today was f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0.999...
In mathematics, 0.999... (also written as 0., 0. or 0.(9)) is a notation for the repeating decimal consisting of an unending sequence of 9s after the decimal point. This repeating decimal is a numeral that represents the smallest number no less than every number in the sequence (0.9, 0.99, 0.999, ...); that is, the sup...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picard%20group
In mathematics, the Picard group of a ringed space X, denoted by Pic(X), is the group of isomorphism classes of invertible sheaves (or line bundles) on X, with the group operation being tensor product. This construction is a global version of the construction of the divisor class group, or ideal class group, and is muc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s%20theorem%20on%20sums%20of%20two%20squares
In additive number theory, Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares states that an odd prime p can be expressed as: with x and y integers, if and only if The prime numbers for which this is true are called Pythagorean primes. For example, the primes 5, 13, 17, 29, 37 and 41 are all congruent to 1 modulo 4, and they ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedman%E2%80%93Diaconis%20rule
In statistics, the Freedman–Diaconis rule can be used to select the width of the bins to be used in a histogram. It is named after David A. Freedman and Persi Diaconis. For a set of empirical measurements sampled from some probability distribution, the Freedman-Diaconis rule is designed roughly to minimize the integr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyck%20language
In the theory of formal languages of computer science, mathematics, and linguistics, a Dyck word is a balanced string of brackets. The set of Dyck words forms a Dyck language. The simplest, D1, use just two matching brackets, e.g. ( and ). Dyck words and language are named after the mathematician Walther von Dyck. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20form
In mathematics, a volume form or top-dimensional form is a differential form of degree equal to the differentiable manifold dimension. Thus on a manifold of dimension , a volume form is an -form. It is an element of the space of sections of the line bundle , denoted as . A manifold admits a nowhere-vanishing volume ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautological%20one-form
In mathematics, the tautological one-form is a special 1-form defined on the cotangent bundle of a manifold In physics, it is used to create a correspondence between the velocity of a point in a mechanical system and its momentum, thus providing a bridge between Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics (on the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rademacher%20distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the Rademacher distribution (which is named after Hans Rademacher) is a discrete probability distribution where a random variate X has a 50% chance of being +1 and a 50% chance of being -1. A series (that is, a sum) of Rademacher distributed variables can be regarded as a simple ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20manifold
In topology, a graph manifold (in German: Graphenmannigfaltigkeit) is a 3-manifold which is obtained by gluing some circle bundles. They were discovered and classified by the German topologist Friedhelm Waldhausen in 1967. This definition allows a very convenient combinatorial description as a graph whose vertices are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20function
In mathematics, omega function refers to a function using the Greek letter omega, written ω or Ω. (big omega) may refer to: The lower bound in Big O notation, , meaning that the function dominates in some limit The prime omega function , giving the total number of prime factors of , counting them with their mult...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%20Song
Su Song (, 1020–1101), courtesy name Zirong (), was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman. Excelling in a variety of fields, he was accomplished in mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, horology, pharmacology, mineralogy, metallurgy, zoology, botany, mechanical engineering, hydraulic engineering, civil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocomputation
Geocomputation (sometimes GeoComputation) is a field of study at the intersection of geography and computation. See also Geoinformatics Geomathematics Geographic information system Bibliography Openshaw, S., and R. J. Abrahart. (1996). “Geocomputation.” In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on GeoComput...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium%20Prize
Millennium Prize may refer to: Millennium Prize Problems of Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Technology Prize of Finland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20code
In coding theory, the dual code of a linear code is the linear code defined by where is a scalar product. In linear algebra terms, the dual code is the annihilator of C with respect to the bilinear form . The dimension of C and its dual always add up to the length n: A generator matrix for the dual code is the par...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Rademacher
Hans Adolph Rademacher (; 3 April 1892 – 7 February 1969) was a German-born American mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis and number theory. Biography Rademacher received his Ph.D. in 1916 from Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Constantin Carathéodory supervised his dissertation. In 1919, he became...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical%20ring
In mathematics, the pluricanonical ring of an algebraic variety V (which is nonsingular), or of a complex manifold, is the graded ring of sections of powers of the canonical bundle K. Its nth graded component (for ) is: that is, the space of sections of the n-th tensor product Kn of the canonical bundle K. The 0th ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaira%20dimension
In algebraic geometry, the Kodaira dimension κ(X) measures the size of the canonical model of a projective variety X. Igor Shafarevich in a seminar introduced an important numerical invariant of surfaces with the notation κ. Shigeru Iitaka extended it and defined the Kodaira dimension for higher dimensional varieties ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20quadratic%20form
In mathematics, a binary quadratic form is a quadratic homogeneous polynomial in two variables where a, b, c are the coefficients. When the coefficients can be arbitrary complex numbers, most results are not specific to the case of two variables, so they are described in quadratic form. A quadratic form with integ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit
Implicit may refer to: Mathematics Implicit function Implicit function theorem Implicit curve Implicit surface Implicit differential equation Other uses Implicit assumption, in logic Implicit-association test, in social psychology Implicit bit, in floating-point arithmetic Implicit learning, in learning psyc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobweb%20plot
A cobweb plot, or Verhulst diagram is a visual tool used in the dynamical systems field of mathematics to investigate the qualitative behaviour of one-dimensional iterated functions, such as the logistic map. Using a cobweb plot, it is possible to infer the long term status of an initial condition under repeated applic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey%20of%20Activities%20of%20Young%20People
The Survey of Activities of Young People (SAYP) is a national household-based survey of work-related activities among South African children, conducted for the first time in 1999 by Statistics South Africa. The official results were released in October 2002, and provides a national, quantitative picture. It also gives...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20ring
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the zero ring or trivial ring is the unique ring (up to isomorphism) consisting of one element. (Less commonly, the term "zero ring" is used to refer to any rng of square zero, i.e., a rng in which for all x and y. This article refers to the one-element ring.) In the category...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoexponential%20distribution
In probability theory the hypoexponential distribution or the generalized Erlang distribution is a continuous distribution, that has found use in the same fields as the Erlang distribution, such as queueing theory, teletraffic engineering and more generally in stochastic processes. It is called the hypoexponetial distr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Dawid
Alexander Philip Dawid (pronounced 'David'; born 1 February 1946) is Emeritus Professor of Statistics of the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge. He is a leading proponent of Bayesian statistics. Education Dawid was educated at the City of London School, Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Darw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ron%E2%80%93Severi%20group
In algebraic geometry, the Néron–Severi group of a variety is the group of divisors modulo algebraic equivalence; in other words it is the group of components of the Picard scheme of a variety. Its rank is called the Picard number. It is named after Francesco Severi and André Néron. Definition In the cases of most i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False%20statement
A false statement is a statement that is not true. Although the word fallacy is sometimes used as a synonym for false statement, that is not how the word is used in philosophy, mathematics, logic and most formal contexts. A false statement does not need to be a lie. A lie is a statement that is known to be untrue and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection
Connection may refer to: Mathematics Connection (algebraic framework) Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold Connection (affine bundle) Connection (composite bundle) Connection (fibred manifold) Connection (principal bundle), gives the deri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming%20bound
In mathematics and computer science, in the field of coding theory, the Hamming bound is a limit on the parameters of an arbitrary block code: it is also known as the sphere-packing bound or the volume bound from an interpretation in terms of packing balls in the Hamming metric into the space of all possible words. It...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian%20foliation
In mathematics, a Lagrangian foliation or polarization is a foliation of a symplectic manifold, whose leaves are Lagrangian submanifolds. It is one of the steps involved in the geometric quantization of a square-integrable functions on a symplectic manifold. References Kenji FUKAYA, Floer homology of Lagrangian Folia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freudenthal%20suspension%20theorem
In mathematics, and specifically in the field of homotopy theory, the Freudenthal suspension theorem is the fundamental result leading to the concept of stabilization of homotopy groups and ultimately to stable homotopy theory. It explains the behavior of simultaneously taking suspensions and increasing the index of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor%20theorem
In algebra, the factor theorem connects polynomial factors with polynomial roots. Specifically, if is a polynomial, then is a factor of if and only if (that is, is a root of the polynomial). The theorem is a special case of the polynomial remainder theorem. The theorem results from basic properties of addition an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO3
CO3 or Co3 may refer to: Carbon trioxide Carbonate MT-CO3 A postcode district in Colchester, UK Conway group Co3 in mathematics Co3, Australian contemporary dance company listed in Australian contemporary dance Company 3 Colorado's 3rd congressional district
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20sheaf%20sequence
In mathematics, the exponential sheaf sequence is a fundamental short exact sequence of sheaves used in complex geometry. Let M be a complex manifold, and write OM for the sheaf of holomorphic functions on M. Let OM* be the subsheaf consisting of the non-vanishing holomorphic functions. These are both sheaves of abeli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20algebraic%20coding%20theory%20topics
This is a list of algebraic coding theory topics. Algebraic coding theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20geometry%20code
Algebraic geometry codes, often abbreviated AG codes, are a type of linear code that generalize Reed–Solomon codes. The Russian mathematician V. D. Goppa constructed these codes for the first time in 1982. History The name of these codes has evolved since the publication of Goppa's paper describing them. Historically...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20H.%20Schwartz
Richard H. Schwartz is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the College of Staten Island; president emeritus of the Jewish Vegetarians of North America (JVNA); and co-founder and coordinator of the Society of Ethical and Religious Vegetarians (SERV). He is best known as a Jewish vegetarian activist and advocate for a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20Industrial%20and%20Applied%20Mathematics
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shulba%20Sutras
The Shulva Sutras or Śulbasūtras (Sanskrit: शुल्बसूत्र; : "string, cord, rope") are sutra texts belonging to the Śrauta ritual and containing geometry related to fire-altar construction. Purpose and origins The Shulba Sutras are part of the larger corpus of texts called the Shrauta Sutras, considered to be appendic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta%20theorem
In geometry, Brahmagupta's theorem states that if a cyclic quadrilateral is orthodiagonal (that is, has perpendicular diagonals), then the perpendicular to a side from the point of intersection of the diagonals always bisects the opposite side. It is named after the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (598-668). More spe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%20quasiprobability%20distribution
The Wigner quasiprobability distribution (also called the Wigner function or the Wigner–Ville distribution, after Eugene Wigner and Jean-André Ville) is a quasiprobability distribution. It was introduced by Eugene Wigner in 1932 to study quantum corrections to classical statistical mechanics. The goal was to link the w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiregular%20space
A semiregular space is a topological space whose regular open sets (sets that equal the interiors of their closures) form a base for the topology. Examples and sufficient conditions Every regular space is semiregular, and every topological space may be embedded into a semiregular space. The space with the double or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20Experiences%20for%20Undergraduates
Research Experiences for Undergraduates (or REUs) are competitive summer research programs in the United States for undergraduates studying science, engineering, or mathematics. The programs are sponsored by the National Science Foundation, and are hosted in various universities. REUs tend to be specialized in a partic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon%20%28disambiguation%29
A polygon is a geometric figure. Polygon may also refer to: Mathematics and computing Simple polygon, a single contiguous closed region, the more common usage of "polygon" Star polygon, a star-like polygon Polygon (computer graphics), a representation of a polygon in computer graphics Companies Polygon (blockcha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvonimir%20Janko
Zvonimir Janko (26 July 1932 – 12 April 2022) was a Croatian mathematician who was the eponym of the Janko groups, sporadic simple groups in group theory. The first few sporadic simple groups were discovered by Émile Léonard Mathieu, which were then called the Mathieu groups. It was after 90 years of the discovery of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPRM
PPRM may refer to: Positive Polarity Reed-Muller: representation of a boolean function as a single algebraic sum (xor) of one or more conjunctions of one or more literals Greater Romania Party
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasy%20wrestling
Fantasy wrestling is an umbrella term representing the genre of role-playing and statistics-based games which are set in the world of professional wrestling. Several variants of fantasy wrestling exist which may be differentiated by the way they are transmitted (through websites, message boards, e-mail, postal mail, fa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebanski%20action
General relativity and supergravity in all dimensions meet each other at a common assumption: Any configuration space can be coordinatized by gauge fields , where the index is a Lie algebra index and is a spatial manifold index. Using these assumptions one can construct an effective field theory in low energies for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%20series%20theorem
In mathematics, the Riemann series theorem, also called the Riemann rearrangement theorem, named after 19th-century German mathematician Bernhard Riemann, says that if an infinite series of real numbers is conditionally convergent, then its terms can be arranged in a permutation so that the new series converges to an a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20stochastic%20processes%20topics
In the mathematics of probability, a stochastic process is a random function. In practical applications, the domain over which the function is defined is a time interval (time series) or a region of space (random field). Familiar examples of time series include stock market and exchange rate fluctuations, signals such...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20of%20a%20circle
In geometry, the area enclosed by a circle of radius is . Here the Greek letter represents the constant ratio of the circumference of any circle to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. One method of deriving this formula, which originated with Archimedes, involves viewing the circle as the limit of a sequen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott%E2%80%93Halberstam%20conjecture
In number theory, the Elliott–Halberstam conjecture is a conjecture about the distribution of prime numbers in arithmetic progressions. It has many applications in sieve theory. It is named for Peter D. T. A. Elliott and Heini Halberstam, who stated the conjecture in 1968. Stating the conjecture requires some notation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson%E2%80%93Schensted%20correspondence
In mathematics, the Robinson–Schensted correspondence is a bijective correspondence between permutations and pairs of standard Young tableaux of the same shape. It has various descriptions, all of which are of algorithmic nature, it has many remarkable properties, and it has applications in combinatorics and other area...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffreys%20prior
In Bayesian probability, the Jeffreys prior, named after Sir Harold Jeffreys, is a non-informative prior distribution for a parameter space; its density function is proportional to the square root of the determinant of the Fisher information matrix: It has the key feature that it is invariant under a change of coor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal%20bipyramidal%20molecular%20geometry
In chemistry, a trigonal bipyramid formation is a molecular geometry with one atom at the center and 5 more atoms at the corners of a triangular bipyramid. This is one geometry for which the bond angles surrounding the central atom are not identical (see also pentagonal bipyramid), because there is no geometrical arran...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%20distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the chi distribution is a continuous probability distribution over the non-negative real line. It is the distribution of the positive square root of a sum of squared independent Gaussian random variables. Equivalently, it is the distribution of the Euclidean distance between a mult...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation%20%28function%29
In mathematics, a transformation is a function f, usually with some geometrical underpinning, that maps a set X to itself, i.e. . Examples include linear transformations of vector spaces and geometric transformations, which include projective transformations, affine transformations, and specific affine transformations,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilho%20V%C3%A4is%C3%A4l%C3%A4
Vilho Väisälä (; September 28, 1889 – August 12, 1969) was a Finnish meteorologist and physicist, and founder of Vaisala Oyj. After graduation in mathematics in 1912, Väisälä worked for the Finnish Meteorological Institute in aerological measurements, specializing in the research of the higher troposphere. At the tim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20St%C3%B8rmer
Fredrik Carl Mülertz Størmer (3 September 1874 – 13 August 1957) was a Norwegian mathematician and astrophysicist. In mathematics, he is known for his work in number theory, including the calculation of and Størmer's theorem on consecutive smooth numbers. In physics, he is known for studying the movement of charged pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20composition%20%28computer%20science%29
In computer science, function composition is an act or mechanism to combine simple functions to build more complicated ones. Like the usual composition of functions in mathematics, the result of each function is passed as the argument of the next, and the result of the last one is the result of the whole. Programmers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%20differential%20equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation is called a Bernoulli differential equation if it is of the form where is a real number. Some authors allow any real , whereas others require that not be 0 or 1. The equation was first discussed in a work of 1695 by Jacob Bernoulli, after whom it is named. The ear...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugacy%20class%20sum
In abstract algebra, a conjugacy class sum, or simply class sum, is a function defined for each conjugacy class of a finite group G as the sum of the elements in that conjugacy class. The class sums of a group form a basis for the center of the associated group algebra. Definition Let G be a finite group, and let C1,....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnside%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Burnside's theorem in group theory states that if G is a finite group of order where p and q are prime numbers, and a and b are non-negative integers, then G is solvable. Hence each non-Abelian finite simple group has order divisible by at least three distinct primes. History The theorem was proved by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrating%20factor
In mathematics, an integrating factor is a function that is chosen to facilitate the solving of a given equation involving differentials. It is commonly used to solve ordinary differential equations, but is also used within multivariable calculus when multiplying through by an integrating factor allows an inexact diffe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei-Liang%20Chow
Chow Wei-Liang (; October 1, 1911, Shanghai – August 10, 1995, Baltimore) was a Chinese mathematician and stamp collector born in Shanghai, known for his work in algebraic geometry. Biography Chow was a student in the US, graduating from the University of Chicago in 1931. In 1932 he attended the University of Göttinge...