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in this work, we investigate the properties of young giant planet spectra in the optical and suggest that future space-based direct imaging missions should be considering young planets as a valuable and informative science case. while young planets are dimmer in the optical than in the infrared, they can still be brigh... | prospects for directly imaging young giant planets at optical wavelengths |
in this study, the vacuum desalination technology coupled with a heat pump was investigated. two vacuum humidification-dehumidification desalination systems were experimented. the proposed systems involved the over-atmospheric and atmospheric pressure dehumidification operations denoted by processes 1 and 2, respective... | performance evaluation of a heat pump-driven vacuum humidification-dehumidification desalination system |
the power‑conversion efficiency of solar cells (scs) is reduced at high temperatures. a radiative cooling process can be implemented to overcome this issue. the radiative cooler (rc) presents considerable potential in the design of an ideal broadband emitter, which emits heat through the entire atmospheric transmittanc... | determining the effectiveness of radiative cooler‑integrated solar cells |
passive daytime radiative cooling (pdrc) is a promising alternative to current compression-based cooling systems, which can directly radiate energy into outer space with a high thermal emittance (εbarlwir) in the long-wavelength infrared atmospheric transmission window. it's critical to enhance solar reflectance (rbars... | colored passive daytime radiative cooling coatings based on dielectric and plasmonic spheres |
this manuscript presents a study of oceanic diurnal warm layers (dwls) in kilometer-scale global coupled simulations and their impact on atmospheric convection in the tropics. with the implementation of thin vertical levels in the ocean, dwls are directly resolved, and sea surface temperature (sst) fluctuations of up t... | impact of diurnal warm layers on atmospheric convection |
radiative coupling of objects with outer space, through the atmospheric spectral transparency window, allows passive cooling below ambient temperature. such passively created cold sinks can be used for converting ambient heat into other useful forms of energy. using this approach, conversion of ambient heat to electric... | thermal gradients integrated on-chip by passive radiative cooling of silicon nitride nanomechanical resonators |
spectral radiation buoys and ice mass balance buoys were deployed on first-year ice near the north pole in april 2012 and 2013, collecting in-band (350-800 nm) solar radiation and ice and snow mass balance data over the complete summer melt seasons. with complementary european era-interim reanalysis, national centers f... | atmospheric conditions in the central arctic ocean through the melt seasons of 2012 and 2013: impact on surface conditions and solar energy deposition into the ice-ocean system |
the electron transport layer (etl) plays a crucial role for efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (pscs). as a promising low‑temperature etl, tin oxide still requires complicated surface chemical decoration or heat‑treatments to further passivate the defects and adjust band energy level to improve the opto... | electrochemical reduction and ion injection of annealing‑free sno2 for high performance perovskite solar cells |
solar selective absorbers (ssas) possess high sunlight absorption (300–2500 nm) and low infrared thermal radiative losses (2.5–25 μm), which are undoubtedly the best choice for photothermal conversion process, and ssas have been widely used in concentrating solar power, solar water heating, and solar drying. recently, ... | solar selective absorber for emerging sustainable applications |
aerosols are ubiquitous in planetary atmospheres in the solar system. however, radiative forcing on jupiter has traditionally been attributed to solar heating and infrared cooling of gaseous constituents only, while the significance of aerosol radiative effects has been a long-standing controversy. here we show, based ... | aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of jupiter |
seeley and wordsworth (2021) showed that in small-domain cloud-resolving simulations the pattern of precipitation transforms in extremely hot climates ($\ge$ 320 k) from quasi-steady to organized episodic deluges, with outbursts of heavy rain alternating with several dry days. they proposed a mechanism for this transit... | critical role of vertical radiative cooling contrast in triggering episodic deluges in small-domain hothouse climates |
spatially resolved multi-wavelength centimeter continuum observations of cool evolved stars can not only constrain the morphology of the radio emitting regions, but can also directly probe the mean gas temperature at various depths of the star's extended atmosphere. here, we use the very large array (vla) in the a conf... | temporal evolution of the size and temperature of betelgeuse's extended atmosphere |
how much wind energy does the atmosphere generate, and how much of it can at best be used as renewable energy? this review aims to give first-order estimates and sensitivities to answer these questions that are consistent with those obtained from numerical simulation models. the first part describes how thermodynamics ... | physical limits of wind energy within the atmosphere and its use as renewable energy: from the theoretical basis to practical implications', 'physical limits of wind energy within the atmosphere and its use as renewable energy: from the theoretical basis to practical implications |
the sun is earth's primary source of energy. in this paper, we compare the magnitude of the sun to all other external (to the atmosphere) energy sources. these external sources were previously identified in sellers (1965) here, we quantify and update them. these external sources provide a total energy to the earth that... | where does earth's atmosphere get its energy? |
the impact of heatwaves (hws) on urban heat island (uhi) is a contentious topic with contradictory research findings. a comprehensive understanding of the response of urban and rural areas to hws, considering the underlying cause of surface energy budget changes, remains elusive. this study attempts to address this gap... | understanding the impact of heatwave on urban heat in greater sydney: temporal surface energy budget change with land types |
aerosols with different vertical distribution and various optical properties induce diverse heating rates and thereby affecting convective boundary layer (cbl) development. our results showed consistent cbl-suppression of aerosols during daytime with numerical experiments, in which aerosols were specified at different ... | aerosols consistently suppress the convective boundary layer development |
renewable power generation from wind and solar energy is strongly dependent on the weather. to plan future sustainable energy systems that are robust to weather variability, a better understanding of why and when periods of low wind and solar power output occur is valuable. we call such periods of low wind speed and in... | meteorological conditions during periods of low wind speed and insolation in germany: the role of weather regimes |
physically-based models are a powerful tool to help understand interactions of vegetation, atmospheric dynamics, and hydrology, and to test hypotheses regarding the effects of land cover, management, hydrometeorology, and climate variability on ecosystem processes. the purpose of this paper is to evaluate recent modifi... | modeling temperature and humidity profiles within forest canopies |
differential solar heating drives a global multiscale atmospheric overturning that has remained elusive due to the lack of accurate estimates of vertical motions at/below the mesoscale (<1,000 km). here we compare the atmospheric overturning in the newest-generation (era5) and the previous-generation (era-interim) r... | significant contribution of mesoscale overturning to tropical mass and energy transport revealed by the era5 reanalysis |
a detailed examination is made in both observations and the community earth system model (cesm) of relationships among top-of-atmosphere radiation, water vapor, temperatures, and precipitation for 2000-2014 to assess the origins of radiative perturbations and climate feedbacks empirically. the 30-member large ensemble ... | relationships among top-of-atmosphere radiation and atmospheric state variables in observations and cesm |
the first observations of smoke-induced density currents originating from large wildfires are presented. using a novel mobile doppler lidar and additional in situ measurements, we document a deep (~ 2 km) smoke-filled density current that propagates more than 25 km at speeds up to 4.5 m s-1 near a large forest fire in ... | cold smoke: smoke-induced density currents cause unexpected smoke transport near large wildfires |
complex models of the atmosphere show that increased carbon dioxide (co2) concentrations, while warming the surface and troposphere, lead to lower temperatures in the stratosphere and mesosphere. this cooling, which is often referred to as "stratospheric cooling", is evident also in observations and considered to be on... | why co2 cools the middle atmosphere - a consolidating model perspective |
we analyze long-term aerosol and precipitable water vapour (pwv) properties at two high-altitude sites (nainital and hanle) over the central himalayan and western trans-himalayan region from 2008 to 2018. first-time assessment of the seasonality and variation in combined aerosol and water vapour radiative effects are a... | water vapour characteristics and radiative effects at high-altitude himalayan sites |
the excess depletion of carbon‑rich fossil fuels and agroforest biomass resources has aggravated the energy crisis and environmental pollution, causing increased co2 emissions. accordingly, the goal of "peak co2 emissions and carbon neutrality" is proposed to alleviate global warming. co2‑to‑fuel conversion is consider... | recent progress in materials exploration for thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, and integrated photothermocatalytic co2‑to‑fuel conversion |
there is a strong interaction between the urban atmospheric canopy layer and the building energy balance. the urban atmospheric conditions affect the heat transfer through exterior walls, the long-wave heat transfer between the building surfaces and the surroundings, the short-wave solar heat gains, and the heat transp... | building indoor model in palm-4u: indoor climate, energy demand, and the interaction between buildings and the urban microclimate |
cadmium sulphide (cds) thin films have been grown on corning glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique under base pressure 2 × 105 mbar. in this study we investigate the influence of cadmium chloride (cdcl2) heat treatment and argon and oxygen (ar + o2) annealing on the structural, morphological optical and elec... | influence of (ar\u2009\u2009+\u2009\u2009o2) atmosphere and cdcl2 coating heat treatment on physical properties of cds thin film for solar cell applications |
hydrogen and helium demix when sufficiently cool, and this bears on the evolution of all giant planets at large separations at or below roughly a jupiter mass. we model the thermal evolution of jupiter, including its evolving helium distribution following results of ab initio simulations for helium immiscibility in met... | bayesian evolution models for jupiter with helium rain and double-diffusive convection |
the growing trend toward urbanisation and the increasingly frequent occurrence of extreme weather events emphasise the need for further monitoring and understanding of weather in cities. in order to gain information on these intra-urban weather patterns, dense high-quality atmospheric measurements are needed. crowdsour... | quality control and correction method for air temperature data from a citizen science weather station network in leuven, belgium |
we evaluate the community atmosphere model version 5 (cam5) with a higher-order turbulence closure scheme, named cloud layers unified by binomials (clubb), and a multiscale modeling framework, referred to as the "superparameterization" (sp) with two different microphysics configurations to investigate their influences ... | influence of superparameterization and a higher-order turbulence closure on rainfall bias over amazonia in community atmosphere model version 5 |
the characteristics of the vertical and temporal structure of the coastal atmospheric boundary layer are variable for different sites and are often not well known. continuous monitoring of the atmospheric boundary layer was carried out close to the tyrrhenian sea, near tarquinia (italy), in 2015–2017. a ground-based re... | turbulence, low-level jets, and waves in the tyrrhenian coastal zone as shown by sodar |
as an indicative parameter that represents the ability of the earth's surface to reflect solar radiation, albedo determines the allocation of solar energy between the earth's surface and the atmosphere, which plays an important role in both global and local climate change. urbanization is a complicated progress that gr... | assessing the impacts of urbanization on albedo in jing-jin-ji region of china |
the transitory nature of the atmospheric boundary layer (abl) a few hours before and after the time of sunset has been studied comprehensively over a tropical station, gadanki (13.45° n, 79.18° e), using a suite of in situ and remote sensing devices. this study addresses the following fundamental and important issues r... | a comprehensive investigation on afternoon transition of the atmospheric boundary layer over a tropical rural site |
active satellite sensors, such as cloud-aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observation (calipso) and cloudsat, provide cloud properties that are not available from passive sensors, such as moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (modis). while active sensors provide vertical profiles of clouds, their... | improving the modelling of short-wave radiation through the use of a 3d scene construction algorithm |
we review the current understanding of the upper atmospheres of uranus and neptune, and explore the upcoming opportunities available to study these exciting planets. the ice giants are the least understood planets in the solar system, having been only visited by a single spacecraft, in 1986 and 1989, respectively. the ... | the upper atmospheres of uranus and neptune |
in june and july 2011 the rpas (remotely piloted aircraft system) sumo (small unmanned meteorological observer) performed a total number of 299 scientific flights during the bllast (boundary layer late afternoon and sunset turbulence) campaign in southern france. three different types of missions were performed: vertic... | exploring the potential of the rpa system sumo for multipurpose boundary-layer missions during the bllast campaign |
based on the monthly outputs of the couple model intercomparison project phase 5 (cmip5), the present study examines the contributions of direct and indirect effects of co2 to the response of the sensible heat (sh) over the tibetan plateau (tp). under global warming, the tp sh features an uniform increase during novemb... | the co2-induced sensible heat changes over the tibetan plateau from november to april |
aims: we present the size, shape, and flux densities at millimeter continuum wavelengths, based on alma science verification observations in band 3 (~94.6 ghz) and band 6 (~228.7 ghz), from the binary mira a (o ceti) and mira b.methods: the mira ab system was observed with alma at a spatial resolution down to ~25 mas. ... | resolving the stellar activity of the mira ab binary with alma |
a simulation tool which utilizes parallel processing is developed to describe molecular kinetics in 2d, single- and multi-component atmospheres on callisto. this expands on our previous study on the role of collisions in 1d atmospheres on callisto composed of radiolytic products (carberry mogan et al., 2020) by impleme... | a tenuous, collisional atmosphere on callisto |
various proxies suggest a nearly in-phase variation of monsoons with local summer insolation. oceanic proxies of monsoons document a more complex response. climate model simulations also indicate that the response is different over land and ocean. here using a transient simulation by a climate model over the last 22,00... | different precipitation response over land and ocean to orbital and greenhouse gas forcing |
this paper presents a new thermal stress index for dairy cows in inter-tropical regions, with special mention to the semi-arid ones. holstein cows were measured for rectal temperature ( t r), respiratory rate ( f r) and rates of heat exchange by convection ( c), radiation ( r), skin surface evaporation ( e s) and respi... | index of thermal stress for cows (itsc) under high solar radiation in tropical environments |
silver antimony sulfide (agsbs2) has attracted great interest as a photovoltaic absorber, attributed to its suitable energy gap, large absorption coefficient, and being of relatively earth-abundant elements. however, the applications of agsbs2 are very limited due to the immaturity of the fabrication technology. a nove... | thin-film solar cells using a selenized silver antimony sulfide absorber prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition |
for passive radiative cooling applications, all-day harvested cold energy is an essential performance indicator concerning its long-term and continuous operation. to this end, high mid-infrared emissivity of emitter surface is a key parameter for steadily boosting the net cooling power regardless of the time-varying en... | all-day radiative cooling using a grating-patterned pdms film emitter |
relationships between seasonal climate, land cover and surface energy exchange in tropical montane cloud forest environments are poorly understood. the goal of this study was to investigate the seasonality of flux partitioning in lower montane cloud forest (lmcf), shaded coffee (co) and sugarcane (su) in central veracr... | surface energy exchange in a tropical montane cloud forest environment: flux partitioning, and seasonal and land cover-related variations |
the use of renewable energy to convert carbon dioxide (co2) into higher-value products can help meet the demand for fuels and chemicals while reducing co2 emissions. solar-enhanced microwave plasma (semp) co2 conversion aims to combine the scalability and sustainability of solar thermochemical methods with the high eff... | computational modeling of co2 conversion by a solar-enhanced microwave plasma reactor |
we have successfully incorporated a 3-dimensional sub-grid terrain solar radiative effect (3d stsre) parameterization scheme into a convection-permitting weather research and forecasting model (wrf_cpm) in this study. impacts of 3d stsre scheme on the ability of wrf_cpm in forecasting the precipitation in summer over t... | the forecast skill of the summer precipitation over tibetan plateau improved by the adoption of a 3d sub-grid terrain solar radiative effect scheme in a convection-permitting model |
temperature regulation of photovoltaic modules is crucial for improving their efficiency. nowadays, radiative cooling is a widely adopted passive thermal management technique for photovoltaic systems. heat pipe and radiative cooling are two primary passive photovoltaic cooling methods employed in photovoltaic-thermoele... | thermal management of photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator hybrid system using radiative cooling and heat pipe |
surface heating occurs over the streamline of the antarctic circumpolar current (acc) and balances the heat transport associated with the global meridional overturning circulation. with a combination of ocean assimilation model output, objectively analyzed products, and atmospheric reanalysis, this paper investigates t... | explaining the zonal asymmetry in the air-sea net heat flux climatology over the antarctic circumpolar current |
daily, global wide angle imaging of mars clouds in marci (mars color imager, (malin et al., 2008)) ultraviolet and visible bands reveals the spatial/seasonal distributions and physical characteristics of perihelion cloud trails (pct); a class of high altitude (40-50 km), horizontally extended (200-1000 km, trending w t... | mars perihelion cloud trails as revealed by marci: mesoscale topographically focused updrafts and gravity wave forcing of high altitude clouds |
black carbon (bc) aerosols influence precipitation through a range of processes. the climate response to the presence of bc is however highly dependent on its vertical distribution. here, we analyze the changes in the energy budget and precipitation impacts of adding a layer of bc at a range of altitudes in two indepen... | black carbon and precipitation: an energetics perspective |
accurate quantification of evapotranspiration (et, consumptive water use) from planting through harvest is critical for managing limited water resources for crop irrigation. our objective was to develop and apply a land-crop surface residual energy balance (eb) method for quantifying et and to estimate et of corn (zea ... | application of an energy balance method for estimating evapotranspiration in cropping systems |
absorption coefficient of water vapor proposed to be responsible for an increase in temperature in the troposphere layer with altitude less than 10 km is systematically presented in this work. since global warming plays an important role in affecting the human life, a confirmative and detailed study of global warming i... | absorption coefficient of water vapor across atmospheric troposphere layer |
in this study, we analyze various sources of cape in the environment and their contributions to its time tendency that will complement forecast models and operational analyses that are relatively temporally (∼1 h) coarse. as a case study, the relative roles of direct insolation and near-surface moisture advection in th... | factors affecting the rapid recovery of cape on 31 march 2016 during vortex-southeast |
in this paper, we study the physical justification and experimental possibility of stimulating convection in the atmosphere to create artificial convective clouds and precipitation. a prerequisite for creation of artificial convective clouds is the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere; this is an encouraging facto... | investigating the feasibility of artificial convective cloud creation |
ellerman bombs (ebs) are tiny brightenings often observed near sunspots. the most impressive characteristic of eb spectra is the two emission bumps in both wings of the hα and ca ii 8542å lines. high-resolution spectral data of three small ebs were obtained on 2013 june 6 with the largest solar telescope, the 1.6 m new... | diagnostics of ellerman bombs with high-resolution spectral data |
this study partitions the observed decadal evolution of surface temperature and surface temperature differences between two decades (early 2000s and early 1980s) over the east asian continent into components associated with individual radiative and non-radiative (dynamical) processes in the context of the coupled atmos... | a process-based decomposition of decadal-scale surface temperature evolutions over east asia |
delhi experiences frequent dust storms during the pre-monsoon season. we studied one such event that occurred on may 30th, 2014 at new delhi to understand the changes in the optical properties of aerosols. the present study utilizes the aerosol optical depth (aod) from the ground and satellite measurements along with r... | aerosol optical properties over delhi during a dust event in summer 2014: plausible implications |
previous studies demonstrate that recent global warming hiatuses are associated with an ongoing cooling in the eastern pacific. however, the possible driver for this cooling remains vigorously debated. present theories can be generally categorized into three different frameworks, the most prevailing theory considering ... | an ongoing cooling in the eastern pacific linked to eastward migrations of the southeast pacific subtropical anticyclone |
rice is distributed worldwide; thus, quantitative analyses of water and heat fluxes between the land and air in paddy fields are vital for understanding basin-scale water cycles. in this study, eddy covariance and meteorological gradient systems on a 20-meter flux tower in the jianghan plain, yangtze river basin, china... | comparing the eddy covariance and gradient methods for measuring water and heat fluxes in paddy fields |
rapid changes in solar radiative forcing influence heat, scalar and momentum fluxes and thereby shift the trajectory of near-surface atmospheric transitions. surface fluxes are difficult to obtain during atmospheric transitions by either bulk or eddy-covariance methods because both techniques assume quasi-stationarity ... | rapid resolution of the atmospheric response to the 2017 total solar eclipse |
this work theoretically demonstrates a quasi-periodic selective multilayer emitter for sub-ambient daytime radiative cooling. in the design process, by inserting well-defined materials with different refractive-index profiles in suitable layers, there are absorption bands at different regions and the absorption bands a... | quasi-periodic selective multilayer emitter for sub-ambient daytime radiative cooling |
surface-based measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) radiative fluxes using thermopile radiometers are made regularly around the globe for scientific and operational environmental monitoring. the occurrence of ice on sensor windows in cold environments - whether snow, rime, or frost - is a ... | the de-icing comparison experiment (d-ice): a study of broadband radiometric measurements under icing conditions in the arctic |
a numerical modeling sensitivity study is carried out within the labrador sea by varying the atmospheric conditions. from forcing nemo simulations with five atmospheric products commonly used in ocean modeling (dfs5.2, era interim, cgrf, era5, and jra55 do), we calculate the air-sea heat fluxes that occur over the labr... | impact of different atmospheric forcing sets on modeling labrador sea water production |
the migrating diurnal tide (dw1) presents a unique latitudinal structure in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere. in this paper, the physical mechanisms that govern its seasonal variation are examined in these three regions using the 31.5-year (1979–2010) output from the extended canadian middle atmosph... | on the roles of advection and solar heating in seasonal variation of the migrating diurnal tide in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere |
an intensive winter campaign was organized for measuring the surface air pollutants in southeastern europe. for a three months period, the gas concentrations of nox, so2, co, o3, and ch4 as well as meteorological parameters were simultaneously sampled to evaluate the variations and characteristic reactions between the ... | wintertime variations of gaseous atmospheric constituents in bucharest peri-urban area |
absorption coefficient affected by carbon dioxide concentration and optical path length responsible for temperature or global warming across the troposphere layer, which is less than the altitude of 10 km in the atmosphere, is systematically presented in this work. solar irradiation within a short wavelength range can ... | absorption coefficient of carbon dioxide across atmospheric troposphere layer |
melting probes as vehicles to explore terrestrial ice sheets have been designed and applied successfully since the early 1960's. later on, in the 1990's, various proposals were made to apply such probes also as a means to explore ice sheets on other bodies of the solar system, e.g. jupiter's icy satellite europa or the... | melting probes revisited - ice penetration experiments under mars surface pressure conditions |
despite a continuous increase in well-mixed greenhouse gases, the global-mean surface temperature has shown a quasi-stabilization since 1998. this muted warming has been linked to the combined effects of internal climate variability and external forcing. the latter includes the impact of recent increase in the volcanic... | quantifying the impact of early 21st century volcanic eruptions on global-mean surface temperature |
aims: we investigate possible driving mechanisms of volcanic activity on rocky super-earths with masses exceeding 3-4 m⊕. due to high gravity and pressures in the mantles of these planets, melting in deep mantle layers can be suppressed, even if the energy release due to tidal heating and radioactive decay is substanti... | electromagnetic induction heating as a driver of volcanic activity on massive rocky planets |
photovoltaic module temperature is a detrimental parameter influencing the energy yield and the durability of photovoltaic systems. among the passive strategies to reduce the operating temperature of solar cells, radiative cooling is receiving a lot of attention, as an effective mean to passively evacuate heat in syste... | enhanced thermal performance of photovoltaic panels based on glass surface texturization |
solar radiation modification has been suggested as a backup option to reduce anthropogenic warming. marine cloud brightening (mcb) and ocean albedo modification (oam) are two proposed approaches to intentionally reflect sunlight back to space over oceanic regions. using the ncar community earth system model, we compare... | climate more responsive to marine cloud brightening than ocean albedo modification: a model study |
the implementation of inexpensive and reliable energy storage technologies is crucial for the decarbonisation of energy intensive industry branches and energy supply. sensible thermal energy storage (tes) in molten salts is a key technology for storage of heat in the scale of gigawatt hours but currently limited to ope... | solar salt - pushing an old material for energy storage to a new limit |
we report an efficiency-enhanced solar methane reforming reactor design, featuring cutoff wavelength coating over quartz window for incident solar energy, a compound parabolic concentrator (cpc) device for thermochemical performance enhancement and reticulated porous ceramics (rpc) structure of ni/ceo2-zro2 used as the... | a solar methane reforming reactor design with enhanced efficiency |
climate change requires us to extract hundreds of gigatonnes of co2 from the atmosphere over the next few decades. this requires we develop and scale up viable technologies to sequester co2 from the highly dilute atmospheric concentrations. co2 gas freezes at -78.5 °c and thus, in principle, can be separated from air, ... | optimisation of vortex tubes and the potential for use in atmospheric separation |
glacier mass balance models are needed at sites with scarce long-term observations to reconstruct past glacier mass balance and assess its sensitivity to future climate change. in this study, north american regional reanalysis (narr) data were used to force a physically based, distributed glacier mass balance model of ... | modelling glacier mass balance and climate sensitivity in the context of sparse observations: application to saskatchewan glacier, western canada |
the feedbacks of vegetation growth to climate are very important and exhibit large differences, depending on seasons and characteristics of plants and climate. through two simulations, this work investigated these differences among the influences of the seasonal growth of different vegetation on surface energy budgets ... | influences of the seasonal growth of vegetation on surface energy budgets over middle to high latitudes |
the solar assisted air source heat pump (saashp) system is widely used for campus water heating owing to its cost-effectiveness and cleanliness. in the current design process of the saashp system, the solar collector area is determined by the solar fraction (f). however, it is difficult to design a cost-optimal f that ... | solar assisted air source heat pump systems for campus water heating in china: economic optimization of solar fraction design |
polar mesospheric clouds (pmcs) are known to be influenced by changes in water vapor and temperature in the cold summertime mesopause. solar variability of these constituents has been held responsible for 11-year and 27-day variability of pmc activity, although the detailed mechanisms are not yet understood. it is also... | solar-induced 27-day variations of mesospheric temperature and water vapor from the aim sofie experiment: drivers of polar mesospheric cloud variability |
the study investigates the influence of near-surface atmospheric parameters on land surface processes at the land–atmosphere interface through the offline simulation of the 2d noah land surface model-based high-resolution land data assimilation system (hrldas). the hrldas is used to conduct sensitive experiments by int... | sensitivity of land surface processes and its variation during contrasting seasons over india |
climate change is particularly strong in greenland, primarily as a result of changes in the transport of heat and moisture from lower latitudes. the atmospheric structures involved influence the surface mass balance (smb) of the greenland ice sheet (gris), and their patterns are largely explained by climate oscillation... | the impact of climate oscillations on the surface energy budget over the greenland ice sheet in a changing climate |
near-surface soil hydro-thermodynamics plays an important role in heat and water transfer between land and atmosphere. however, it is difficult to quantify these processes in field campaigns, such as movement of liquid water and water vapor. this has affected determination of ground heat flux, a key component of surfac... | ground heat flux determination based on near-surface soil hydro-thermodynamics |
the radiative effect of black carbon aerosol (bc) on a squall line case in north china is studied with the weather research and forecasting model. before the initiation of the squall line, the surface-emitted bc is mixed only in the boundary layer (bl). bc is then transported from the bl into the free troposphere by th... | radiative effect of black carbon aerosol on a squall line case in north china |
the impact of the cloud convective layer of the atmosphere of venus on the global circulation remains unclear. the recent observations of gravity waves at the top of the cloud by the venus express mission provided some answers. these waves are not resolved at the scale of global circulation models (gcm); therefore, we ... | three-dimensional turbulence-resolving modeling of the venusian cloud layer and induced gravity waves |
quasi-decadal variation in various pacific regions has been recognized for decades but its spatial-temporal characteristics and generation mechanisms remain poorly understood. here we show that the sea surface temperature (sst) in the equatorial central pacific (ecp) exhibits a prominent 11-year periodicity since 1951 ... | emerging pacific quasi-decadal oscillation over the past 70 years |
jupiter's atmosphere features a variety of clouds that are formed from the interplay of chemistry and atmospheric dynamics, from the deep red color of the great red spot to the high altitude white ammonia clouds present in the zones (bright bands in jupiter's atmosphere). beneath these upper level clouds, water condens... | a new convective parameterization applied to jupiter: implications for water abundance near the 24°n region |
molten salts with high thermal conductivity play a key role to achieve a high thermal energy transfer efficiency during heat charging and discharging processes in a high-temperature concentrating solar energy system. in this work, a novel highly thermal conductive composite phase change material (cpcm) was designed by ... | enhanced thermal conductivity of ternary carbonate salt phase change material with mg particles for solar thermal energy storage |
in the present study, the northward-propagating intraseasonal oscillations (isos) over the south china sea (scs) during the summer monsoon season are divided into two types. one is the northward propagation of isos confined in the scs (defined as p1-iso), another for isos moving from the scs to southern china (sc) defi... | how can 30-60-day iso move from the south china sea to southern china? |
higher operating temperatures increase efficiency of the concentrating solar power plants but promote faster corrosion of the pipes and vessels made of hastelloy or stainless steel materials for the molten-salt mixtures. hastelloys c-276 and c-22 and stainless steel 304 coupons evaluated in the present study in a eutec... | vapor pressure and corrosivity of ternary metal-chloride molten-salt based heat transfer fluids for use in concentrating solar power systems |
this paper reports on temporal and spatial variability of local climate and outdoor human thermal comfort within the rotterdam agglomeration. we analyse three years of meteorological observations (2010-2012) from a monitoring network. focus is on the atmospheric urban heat island (uhi); the difference in air temperatur... | temporal and spatial variability of urban heat island and thermal comfort within the rotterdam agglomeration |
daily temperature oscillations can cause adsorption (and desorption) of atmospheric water vapor by soils. the resulting daily fluctuations in the amount of liquid water in the soil can be measured by high‑precision weighing lysimeters. we analyzed the data of a lysimeter in a sandy dune sediment in southern spain using... | analysis of water vapor adsorption in soils by means of a lysimeter and numerical modeling |
the sahara was significantly greener 11-5 kya and during multiple earlier interglacial periods. but the mechanisms related to the greening of the sahara remain uncertain as most climate models severely underestimate past wet conditions over north africa. the variations in the african monsoon related to the greening of ... | both differential and equatorial heating contributed to african monsoon variations during the mid-holocene |
net radiation is an essential forcing of climate in the lower layers of earth's atmosphere. in this paper, radiation balance is measured in clay soil and green grass, and is compared with three urban materials. these materials: asphalt, concrete and white painted elastomeric polystyrene roofing sheet are widely used in... | radiation balance of urban materials and their thermal impact in semi-desert region: mexicali, méxico study case |
the effect of atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (dbd) treatment on the properties of methylammonium lead iodide (ch3nh3pbi3, mapbi3) perovskite thin films is investigated. the in-situ dbd-treated mapbi3 perovskite thin films are then used as the absorber layers for planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (p... | in-situ atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma treated ch3nh3pbi3 for perovskite solar cells in regular architecture |
the possibility of liquid water on present-day mars has been debated for half a century. melting is physically difficult under martian environmental conditions, because with the total pressure of the atmosphere near the triple point pressure of water, evaporative cooling of ice is high near the melting point. here, a s... | mars: quantitative evaluation of crocus melting behind boulders |
atmospheric heat and moisture transfers from the north atlantic make the main contribution to the arctic warming in winter. the increase in transfer is associated with changes in atmospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere under the influence of the sea surface temperature (sst) in low latitudes, where the bulk ... | climate change in the arctic: causes and mechanisms |
drag forces, ion and viscous, are evaluated as modifiers of global wind and temperature structure in the upper thermosphere, shedding new light on their relative roles in neutral dynamics and energetics. exploiting the coupling of an ionosphere-thermosphere model, it is discovered that ion and viscous drag forces lead ... | new insights into the complex interplay between drag forces and its thermospheric consequences |
gravity waves (gws) play an important role in atmospheric dynamics. due to their short wavelengths, they must be parameterized in current weather and forecast models, which cannot resolve them explicitly. we are here the first to report the possibility and the implication of having an online gw parameterization in a li... | the interaction between gravity waves and solar tides in a linear tidal model with a 4-d ray-tracing gravity-wave parameterization |
we propose a revised chapman model for the ionosphere of mars by allowing for vertical variation of electron temperature. an approximate energy balance between solar euv heating and co2 collisional cooling is applied in the dayside martian ionosphere, analogous to the method recently proposed by withers et al. (2014). ... | the electron thermal structure in the dayside martian ionosphere implied by the mgs radio occultation data |
we examine 252 mars atmosphere and volatile evolution (maven) passes through the martian atmosphere for which the neutral gas and ion mass spectrometer (ngims) altitude-density profiles show perturbations with amplitudes larger than 40% of the background density that persist above the nominal exobase as defined here. t... | large amplitude perturbations in the martian exosphere seen in maven ngims data |
ground reaching solar radiation flux was simulated using a 1-dimensional radiative transfer (sbdart) and a 3-dimensional regional climate (regcm 4.4) model and their seasonality against simultaneous surface measurements carried out using a cnr4 net radiometer over a sub-himalayan foothill site of south-east asia was as... | assessment of 1d and 3d model simulated radiation flux based on surface measurements and estimation of aerosol forcing and their climatological aspects |
now venus is not very similar to a suitable place for living. it surface temperature exceeds 730 k, the pressure is 90 atmospheres, the cloud layer consists of sulfur dioxide, and the fog above cloud is a solution of sulfuric acid. but about 3 billion years ago, this planet among the earth-type planets within the solar... | where should one look for traces of life on venus? |
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