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56f6fa48711bf01900a448b3
Classical_music
Baroque instruments included some instruments from the earlier periods (e.g., the hurdy-gurdy and recorder) and a number of new instruments (e.g, the cello, contrabass and fortepiano). Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet. The key Baroque instruments for strings ...
What happened to the shawn and the wooden cornet during the Baroque period?
{ "text": [ "fell into disuse" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }
56f6fa48711bf01900a448b4
Classical_music
Baroque instruments included some instruments from the earlier periods (e.g., the hurdy-gurdy and recorder) and a number of new instruments (e.g, the cello, contrabass and fortepiano). Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet. The key Baroque instruments for strings ...
The timpani ans castanets are what type of instrument?
{ "text": [ "Percussion" ], "answer_start": [ 835 ] }
56f6fa48711bf01900a448b5
Classical_music
Baroque instruments included some instruments from the earlier periods (e.g., the hurdy-gurdy and recorder) and a number of new instruments (e.g, the cello, contrabass and fortepiano). Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet. The key Baroque instruments for strings ...
The serpent is what type of instrument?
{ "text": [ "Brass" ], "answer_start": [ 593 ] }
56f6fa48711bf01900a448b6
Classical_music
Baroque instruments included some instruments from the earlier periods (e.g., the hurdy-gurdy and recorder) and a number of new instruments (e.g, the cello, contrabass and fortepiano). Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet. The key Baroque instruments for strings ...
Which string instrument often played the basso continuo parts?
{ "text": [ "theorbo" ], "answer_start": [ 394 ] }
56f6fb773d8e2e1400e37308
Classical_music
One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could ...
What was less standardized during the Baroque era?
{ "text": [ "the types of instruments used in ensembles" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
56f6fb773d8e2e1400e37309
Classical_music
One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could ...
Two violins, a viola, and a cello make up what type of group?
{ "text": [ "a classical era string quartet" ], "answer_start": [ 170 ] }
56f6fb773d8e2e1400e3730a
Classical_music
One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could ...
Keyboard instruments included the pip organ, harpsichord and what other instrument?
{ "text": [ "clavichord" ], "answer_start": [ 418 ] }
56f6fb773d8e2e1400e3730b
Classical_music
One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could ...
What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period?
{ "text": [ "a lute" ], "answer_start": [ 478 ] }
56f6fc16711bf01900a448ce
Classical_music
The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.
From the 1750's to the early 1830's is the era of Mozart and what other composer?
{ "text": [ "Haydn" ], "answer_start": [ 229 ] }
56f6fc16711bf01900a448cf
Classical_music
The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.
Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?
{ "text": [ "the early 1830s" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
56f6fc16711bf01900a448d0
Classical_music
The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.
The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era?
{ "text": [ "the Medieval era" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
56f6fe26711bf01900a448d4
Classical_music
Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ...
Classical musicians continued to use many instruments from what era?
{ "text": [ "Baroque" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
56f6fe26711bf01900a448d5
Classical_music
Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ...
The theorbo and what other Baroque instrument fell into disuse?
{ "text": [ "rackett" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }
56f6fe26711bf01900a448d6
Classical_music
Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ...
The Baroque violin became what modern instrument?
{ "text": [ "the violin" ], "answer_start": [ 368 ] }
56f6fe26711bf01900a448d7
Classical_music
Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ...
What did the Baroque trumpet become?
{ "text": [ "the regular valved trumpet" ], "answer_start": [ 469 ] }
56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731a
Classical_music
The Classical era stringed instruments were the four instruments which form the string section of the orchestra: the violin, viola, cello and contrabass. Woodwinds included the basset clarinet, basset horn, clarinette d'amour, the Classical clarinet, the chalumeau, the flute, oboe and bassoon. Keyboard instruments incl...
The violin, cello, contrabass and what other instrument form the string section of the orchestra?
{ "text": [ "viola" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731b
Classical_music
The Classical era stringed instruments were the four instruments which form the string section of the orchestra: the violin, viola, cello and contrabass. Woodwinds included the basset clarinet, basset horn, clarinette d'amour, the Classical clarinet, the chalumeau, the flute, oboe and bassoon. Keyboard instruments incl...
The flute, oboe and bassoon are all what type of instrument?
{ "text": [ "Woodwinds" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }
56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731c
Classical_music
The Classical era stringed instruments were the four instruments which form the string section of the orchestra: the violin, viola, cello and contrabass. Woodwinds included the basset clarinet, basset horn, clarinette d'amour, the Classical clarinet, the chalumeau, the flute, oboe and bassoon. Keyboard instruments incl...
What instrument fell out of use after the 1760s?
{ "text": [ "the harpsichord" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731d
Classical_music
The Classical era stringed instruments were the four instruments which form the string section of the orchestra: the violin, viola, cello and contrabass. Woodwinds included the basset clarinet, basset horn, clarinette d'amour, the Classical clarinet, the chalumeau, the flute, oboe and bassoon. Keyboard instruments incl...
What instrument was the precursor of the tuba?
{ "text": [ "the ophicleide" ], "answer_start": [ 538 ] }
56f7227a711bf01900a449c2
Classical_music
The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included ...
To whom is the "standard complement" attributed to?
{ "text": [ "Beethoven" ], "answer_start": [ 136 ] }
56f7227a711bf01900a449c3
Classical_music
The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included ...
PIccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finales of what piece by Beethoven?
{ "text": [ "Symphony No. 5" ], "answer_start": [ 739 ] }
56f7227a711bf01900a449c4
Classical_music
The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included ...
How long was symphonic instrumentation faithful to Beethoven's after he died?
{ "text": [ "several decades" ], "answer_start": [ 1173 ] }
56f7227a711bf01900a449c5
Classical_music
The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included ...
What did Beethoven expand in his Symphonies, 3, 5, 6 and 9?
{ "text": [ "timbral \"palette\"" ], "answer_start": [ 447 ] }
56f7227a711bf01900a449c6
Classical_music
The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included ...
A Piccolo and trombones provides the illusion of storm and what in Beethoven's Sixth Symphony?
{ "text": [ "sunshine" ], "answer_start": [ 815 ] }
56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37386
Classical_music
In the Romantic era, the modern piano, with a more powerful, sustained tone and a wider range took over from the more delicate-sounding fortepiano. In the orchestra, the existing Classical instruments and sections were retained (string section, woodwinds, brass and percussion), but these sections were typically expande...
What instrument did the modern piano take over for in the Romantic era?
{ "text": [ "fortepiano" ], "answer_start": [ 136 ] }
56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37387
Classical_music
In the Romantic era, the modern piano, with a more powerful, sustained tone and a wider range took over from the more delicate-sounding fortepiano. In the orchestra, the existing Classical instruments and sections were retained (string section, woodwinds, brass and percussion), but these sections were typically expande...
How many double bass players were typically used in the Baroque orchestra?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 406 ] }
56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37388
Classical_music
In the Romantic era, the modern piano, with a more powerful, sustained tone and a wider range took over from the more delicate-sounding fortepiano. In the orchestra, the existing Classical instruments and sections were retained (string section, woodwinds, brass and percussion), but these sections were typically expande...
What wasn't rich enough for many Romantic composers?
{ "text": [ "the standard orchestral palette" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37389
Classical_music
In the Romantic era, the modern piano, with a more powerful, sustained tone and a wider range took over from the more delicate-sounding fortepiano. In the orchestra, the existing Classical instruments and sections were retained (string section, woodwinds, brass and percussion), but these sections were typically expande...
Classical sections were expanded in the Romantic era for a fuller and bigger what?
{ "text": [ "sound" ], "answer_start": [ 347 ] }
56f7236e3d8e2e1400e3738a
Classical_music
In the Romantic era, the modern piano, with a more powerful, sustained tone and a wider range took over from the more delicate-sounding fortepiano. In the orchestra, the existing Classical instruments and sections were retained (string section, woodwinds, brass and percussion), but these sections were typically expande...
What is a celestes?
{ "text": [ "a bell-like keyboard instrument" ], "answer_start": [ 770 ] }
56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37390
Classical_music
Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as R...
When do saxophones first appear in scores?
{ "text": [ "the late 19th century" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37391
Classical_music
Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as R...
Saxophone was featured as a solo instrument in what Sergei Rachmaninoff piece?
{ "text": [ "Symphonic Dances" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37392
Classical_music
Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as R...
How is the saxophone features in Ravel's Bolero?
{ "text": [ "as a member of the orchestral ensemble" ], "answer_start": [ 407 ] }
56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37393
Classical_music
Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as R...
The euphonium usually played parts marked as what?
{ "text": [ "\"tenor tuba\"" ], "answer_start": [ 549 ] }
56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37394
Classical_music
Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as R...
Who wrote The Planets?
{ "text": [ "Gustav Holst" ], "answer_start": [ 573 ] }
56f72650711bf01900a449ea
Classical_music
The Wagner tuba, a modified member of the horn family, appears in Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and several other works by Strauss, Béla Bartók, and others; it has a prominent role in Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E Major. Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debus...
What is the name of the modified member of the horn family appearing in several works by Strauss?
{ "text": [ "The Wagner tuba" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f72650711bf01900a449eb
Classical_music
The Wagner tuba, a modified member of the horn family, appears in Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and several other works by Strauss, Béla Bartók, and others; it has a prominent role in Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E Major. Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debus...
Which symphony of Anton Bruckner's does the Wagner tuba have a prominent role in?
{ "text": [ "Symphony No. 7 in E Major" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
56f72650711bf01900a449ec
Classical_music
The Wagner tuba, a modified member of the horn family, appears in Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and several other works by Strauss, Béla Bartók, and others; it has a prominent role in Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E Major. Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debus...
Who wrote the ballet Swan Lake?
{ "text": [ "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }
56f72650711bf01900a449ed
Classical_music
The Wagner tuba, a modified member of the horn family, appears in Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and several other works by Strauss, Béla Bartók, and others; it has a prominent role in Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E Major. Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debus...
What will orchestras use to augment their regular rosters?
{ "text": [ "freelance musicians" ], "answer_start": [ 557 ] }
56f72650711bf01900a449ee
Classical_music
The Wagner tuba, a modified member of the horn family, appears in Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and several other works by Strauss, Béla Bartók, and others; it has a prominent role in Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E Major. Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debus...
What Debussy piece features a cornet?
{ "text": [ "La Mer" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
56f728d6711bf01900a449fe
Classical_music
Electric instruments such as the electric guitar, the electric bass and the ondes Martenot appear occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniq...
What type of instrument appears occasionally in the 20th and 21st century styles of classical music?
{ "text": [ "Electric" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f728d6711bf01900a449ff
Classical_music
Electric instruments such as the electric guitar, the electric bass and the ondes Martenot appear occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniq...
What type of musicians besides classical have experimented with electronic instruments?
{ "text": [ "popular" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
56f728d6711bf01900a44a00
Classical_music
Electric instruments such as the electric guitar, the electric bass and the ondes Martenot appear occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniq...
What type of instrument is the gamelan?
{ "text": [ "electronic" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
56f729923d8e2e1400e373b6
Classical_music
Many instruments today associated with popular music filled important roles in early classical music, such as bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies, and some woodwind instruments. On the other hand, instruments such as the acoustic guitar, once associated mainly with popular music, gained prominence in classical music in t...
In what did the bagpipe fill an important role?
{ "text": [ "early classical music," ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
56f729923d8e2e1400e373b7
Classical_music
Many instruments today associated with popular music filled important roles in early classical music, such as bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies, and some woodwind instruments. On the other hand, instruments such as the acoustic guitar, once associated mainly with popular music, gained prominence in classical music in t...
What instrument gained prominence in the 19th and 20th century?
{ "text": [ "the acoustic guitar" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
56f729923d8e2e1400e373b8
Classical_music
Many instruments today associated with popular music filled important roles in early classical music, such as bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies, and some woodwind instruments. On the other hand, instruments such as the acoustic guitar, once associated mainly with popular music, gained prominence in classical music in t...
Vihuelas and hurdy-gurdies are currently associated with what type of music?
{ "text": [ "popular" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
56f72a10711bf01900a44a16
Classical_music
While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament.
What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?
{ "text": [ "equal temperament" ], "answer_start": [ 6 ] }
56f72a10711bf01900a44a17
Classical_music
While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament.
When did equal temperament become accepted as the dominant musical temperament?
{ "text": [ "the 18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }
56f72a10711bf01900a44a18
Classical_music
While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament.
What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in?
{ "text": [ "meantone temperament" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c6
Classical_music
Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual ...
What have classical trained performers done extensively?
{ "text": [ "studied classical music" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c7
Classical_music
Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual ...
What does a B.mus. or M.mus. degree include?
{ "text": [ "individual lessons from professors" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c8
Classical_music
Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual ...
To what level is training for classical music often required?
{ "text": [ "postgraduate" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
56f72b71711bf01900a44a26
Classical_music
Performance of classical music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given co...
Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of reading?
{ "text": [ "sight-reading" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
56f72b71711bf01900a44a27
Classical_music
Performance of classical music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given co...
Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of principles?
{ "text": [ "harmonic" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
56f72b71711bf01900a44a28
Classical_music
Performance of classical music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given co...
Familiarty with the style expected for any given composer is required for what kind of performance?
{ "text": [ "classical music" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
56f72c443d8e2e1400e373cc
Classical_music
Some "popular" genre musicians have had significant classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as thos...
What brothers have had significant classical training?
{ "text": [ "Van Halen brothers" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
56f72c443d8e2e1400e373cd
Classical_music
Some "popular" genre musicians have had significant classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as thos...
Billy Joel and Elton John have both had what type of training?
{ "text": [ "classical" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }
56f72c443d8e2e1400e373ce
Classical_music
Some "popular" genre musicians have had significant classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as thos...
Rock and pop musicians may have degrees in what type of music?
{ "text": [ "commercial" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373dc
Classical_music
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than th...
What gender of musician has historically made up a large amount of professional orchestras?
{ "text": [ "male" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373dd
Classical_music
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than th...
Women were first hired in professional orchestras for what position?
{ "text": [ "harpist" ], "answer_start": [ 199 ] }
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373de
Classical_music
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than th...
What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women?
{ "text": [ "1997" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373df
Classical_music
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than th...
Which major orchestra was the last to appoint a woman to a permanent position?
{ "text": [ "the Berlin Philharmonic" ], "answer_start": [ 468 ] }
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373e0
Classical_music
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than th...
Who was the principal flute for the Vienna Philharmonic in 1996?
{ "text": [ "Dieter Flury" ], "answer_start": [ 562 ] }
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f0
Classical_music
In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an ex...
In what year did the Vienna Philharmonic face protests in the US?
{ "text": [ "1997" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f1
Classical_music
In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an ex...
Who was the first woman admitted to the Vienna Philharmonic?
{ "text": [ "Anna Lelkes" ], "answer_start": [ 399 ] }
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f2
Classical_music
In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an ex...
What instrument did Anna Lelkes play?
{ "text": [ "harp" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f3
Classical_music
In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an ex...
How many female members were part of the Vienna Philharmonic in 2013?
{ "text": [ "six" ], "answer_start": [ 455 ] }
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f4
Classical_music
In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an ex...
Who was the Vienna Philharmonic's first female concertmaster?
{ "text": [ "Albena Danailova" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a40
Classical_music
In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led b...
The National Symphony Orchestra is led by what gender of violinist?
{ "text": [ "female" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a41
Classical_music
In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led b...
The double bass, brass and percussion sections are predominately what gender?
{ "text": [ "male" ], "answer_start": [ 437 ] }
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a42
Classical_music
In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led b...
What type of audition are expected to eliminator gender or racial prejudice?
{ "text": [ "'blind' auditions" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a43
Classical_music
In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led b...
In what section of the New York Philharmonic do women outnumber men?
{ "text": [ "violin" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37402
Classical_music
Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classical music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like t...
Works of classical repertoire exhibit what in their use of orchestration and harmony, and form?
{ "text": [ "complexity" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37403
Classical_music
Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classical music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like t...
What is usually written in song forms?
{ "text": [ "popular styles" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }
56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37404
Classical_music
Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classical music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like t...
The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms?
{ "text": [ "sophisticated" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741c
Classical_music
Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi...
What are self-contained pieces in longer works called?
{ "text": [ "movements" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741d
Classical_music
Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi...
How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741e
Classical_music
Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi...
What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?
{ "text": [ "slow" ], "answer_start": [ 268 ] }
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741f
Classical_music
Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi...
A movement broken up further is called what?
{ "text": [ "sections" ], "answer_start": [ 422 ] }
56f730d43d8e2e1400e37420
Classical_music
Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi...
The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what?
{ "text": [ "Allegro" ], "answer_start": [ 324 ] }
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37430
Classical_music
The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been rec...
What period was from 500-1400?
{ "text": [ "Medieval" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37431
Classical_music
The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been rec...
What years dictate the Baroque period?
{ "text": [ "1600–1750" ], "answer_start": [ 212 ] }
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37432
Classical_music
The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been rec...
How have periods been reckoned Since 1900?
{ "text": [ "by calendar century" ], "answer_start": [ 331 ] }
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37433
Classical_music
The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been rec...
What era has the 21st century has been characterized by?
{ "text": [ "the contemporary/postmodern musical era" ], "answer_start": [ 743 ] }
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37434
Classical_music
The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been rec...
The years 1804-1910 marked what era?
{ "text": [ "Romantic" ], "answer_start": [ 250 ] }
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5a
Classical_music
The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is consi...
What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?
{ "text": [ "Haydn" ], "answer_start": [ 390 ] }
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5b
Classical_music
The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is consi...
Haydn is classified as typical of what era?
{ "text": [ "Classical" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5c
Classical_music
The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is consi...
Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?
{ "text": [ "Beethoven" ], "answer_start": [ 448 ] }
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5d
Classical_music
The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is consi...
Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue?
{ "text": [ "Brahms" ], "answer_start": [ 520 ] }
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5e
Classical_music
The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is consi...
Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what?
{ "text": [ "era" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37474
Classical_music
The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era.
A Contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era is described with what prefix?
{ "text": [ "neo" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37475
Classical_music
The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era.
What century were Neoclassical compositions written in?
{ "text": [ "20th-century" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37476
Classical_music
The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era.
Who wrote Pulcinella?
{ "text": [ "Stravinsky's" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37477
Classical_music
The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era.
What era is Pulcinella similar to?
{ "text": [ "Classical" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
56f738413d8e2e1400e37490
Classical_music
Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development ...
When does the Egyptian orchestra date to?
{ "text": [ "2695 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 176 ] }
56f738413d8e2e1400e37491
Classical_music
Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development ...
Who suggested that Western classical music is rooted to ancient Egyptian art music?
{ "text": [ "Burgh" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f738413d8e2e1400e37492
Classical_music
Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development ...
What music followed ancient Egyptian art music?
{ "text": [ "early Christian liturgical music," ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
56f738413d8e2e1400e37493
Classical_music
Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development ...
Which ancient society developed individual tones and scales?
{ "text": [ "ancient Greeks" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
56f738413d8e2e1400e37494
Classical_music
Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development ...
Who helped codify musical notation?
{ "text": [ "Pythagoras" ], "answer_start": [ 414 ] }
56f73beaaef2371900625a2b
Classical_music
The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more c...
The Medieval period begins with the fall of what city?
{ "text": [ "Rome" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }
56f73beaaef2371900625a2c
Classical_music
The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more c...
What can Plainsong or Gregorian chant also be called?
{ "text": [ "Monophonic chant" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }