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10.1177/2041669520913052 | 75,929,217 | Crowding has become a hot topic in vision research, and some fundamentals are now widely agreed upon. For the classical crowding task, one would likely agree with the following statements. (1) Bouma’s law can be stated, succinctly and unequivocally, as saying that critical distance for crowding is about half the target... | 10.1038/s44159-022-00097-1 | This paper is a comprehensive review of crowding, including biological mechanisms, common measurements and behavioural impacts |
10.1038/s41598-019-56238-9 | 38,130,942 | Abstract Objects in a scene can be distinct from one another along a multitude of visual attributes, such as color and shape, and the more distinct an object is from its surroundings, the easier it is to find it. However, exactly how this distinctiveness advantage arises in vision is not well understood. Here we studie... | 10.1038/s44159-022-00097-1 | This paper identifies the mathematical law by which colour and shape differences between targets and distractors are combined to determine the overall speed at which parallel search unfolds |
10.1039/c9sc05746c | 27,056,718 | Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This Perspective provides a general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists. | 10.1038/s43586-021-00044-z | This article presents an excellent recent overall review of biocatalysis |
10.1039/d0cs00440e | 123,016,854 | Biocatalytic methods for selective C–H oxyfunctionalization reactions are rapidly emerging and hold significant potential to streamline complex molecule synthesis. This review highlights key advances in this area developed within the past decade. | 10.1038/s43586-021-00044-z | This article presents an excellent review on the current state of the art of C–H oxyfunctionalizations of organic molecules using biocatalysis |
10.1002/anie.201913203 | 62,268,466 | Abstract Microfluidic droplet sorting enables the high‐throughput screening and selection of water‐in‐oil microreactors at speeds and volumes unparalleled by traditional well‐plate approaches. Most such systems sort using fluorescent reporters on modified substrates or reactions that are rarely industrially relevant. W... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00044-z | This article applies droplet sorting as one of the most successful methods for ultra-high-throughput screening of enzyme libraries |
10.1146/annurev.biochem.052308.105824 | 123,140,825 | The development of new orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs has led to the addition of approximately 70 unnatural amino acids (UAAs) to the genetic codes of Escherichia coli, yeast, and mammalian cells. These UAAs represent a wide range of structures and functions not found in the canonical 20 amino acids an... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00044-z | This article reviews the methods to expand the genetic code for the introduction of non-natural amino acids into proteins |
10.1126/science.1140414 | 83,544,708 | Coherently moving flocks of birds, beasts, or bacteria are examples of living matter with spontaneous orientational order. How do these systems differ from thermal equilibrium systems with such liquid crystalline order? Working with a fluidized monolayer of macroscopic rods in the nematic liquid crystalline phase, we f... | 10.1038/s42254-022-00445-3 | Also see Supporting Information of this reference, page 4, same issue. |
10.1088/2515-7620/ab5e21 | 20,705,182 | Abstract The low-lying and populous Vietnamese Mekong delta is rapidly losing elevation due to accelerating subsidence rates, primarily caused by increasing groundwater extraction. This strongly increases the delta’s vulnerability to flooding, salinization, coastal erosion and, ultimately, threatens its nearly 18 milli... | 10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x | Modelling approach to capture uncertainty of future human-induced subsidence and its effect on RSL rise using extraction scenarios. |
10.1111/bre.12314 | 81,358,673 | Abstract To date, quantification of individual components that contribute to shallow and deep‐seated subsidence in passive margin deltas worldwide has proven problematic. A new, regional gridded chronostratigraphic dataset for the Lower Mississippi Delta region, derived from 80,928 well reports across the northern Gulf... | 10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x | An assessment of long-term subsidence patterns and rates based on an unprecedented analysis of >80,000 industry wells. |
10.5194/os-15-61-2019 | 117,706,019 | Abstract. Although tide gauges are the primary source of data used to calculate multi-decadal- to century-scale rates of relative sea-level change, we question the usefulness of tide-gauge data in rapidly subsiding low-elevation coastal zones (LECZs). Tide gauges measure relative sea-level rise (RSLR) with respect to t... | 10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x | Presents an alternative approach to tide gauges to more accurately determine the rate of RSL rise in coastal wetlands. |
10.5194/hess-2-159-1998 | 35,910,987 | Abstract. A one-dimensional model is used to investigate the relationship between land subsidence and compaction of basin sediments in response to sediment loading. Analysis of the model equations and numerical experiments demonstrate quasi-linear systems behaviour and show that rates of land subsidence due to compacti... | 10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x | Applied a 1D model to investigate the compaction of basin sediments in response to sediment loading. |
10.1029/2020gl087807 | 123,491,961 | Abstract Estimates of flood susceptibility and land loss in the world's coastal regions depend on our knowledge of sea level rise (SLR) from increases in ocean mass and volume, as well as knowledge of vertical land motion. Conventional approaches to the latter include tide‐gauge and Global Positioning System (GPS) meas... | 10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x | Use GPS interferometric reflectometry to estimate shallow sediment compaction rates in the Mississippi Delta and the North Sea’s eastern margin. |
10.1126/sciadv.aba4551 | 81,876,384 | Coastal vertical land motion affects projections of sea-level rise, and subsidence exacerbates flooding hazards. Along the ~1350-km California coastline, records of high-resolution vertical land motion rates are scarce due to sparse instrumentation, and hazards to coastal communities are underestimated. Here, we consid... | 10.1038/s43017-020-00115-x | Obtains the first high-resolution map of VLM along California’s coast by combining InSAR and GNSS data. |
10.1121/1.3623753 | 123,315,228 | This study investigated whether speech produced in spontaneous interactions when addressing a talker experiencing actual challenging conditions differs in acoustic-phonetic characteristics from speech produced (a) with communicative intent under more ideal conditions and (b) without communicative intent under imaginary... | 10.1038/s44159-021-00008-w | This innovative study manipulates the acoustic environment of talker and listener separately, demonstrating the importance of communicative intent on speech adjustments |
10.1523/jneurosci.23-12-05258.2003 | 81,798,224 | Successful communication between two people depends first on the recognition of the intention to communicate. Such intentions may be conveyed by signals directed at the self, such as calling a person's name or making eye contact. In this study we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that the perception of ... | 10.1038/s44159-021-00008-w | This work is one of the few functional MRI studies to examine social signals across different modalities, showing common activation in the prefrontal cortex for different communicative signals |
10.1038/srep39419 | 17,696,914 | Abstract Animal vocal communication is often diverse and structured. Yet, the information concealed in animal vocalizations remains elusive. Several studies have shown that animal calls convey information about their emitter and the context. Often, these studies focus on specific types of calls, as it is rarely possibl... | 10.1038/s44159-021-00008-w | This paper shows how large datasets and machine learning approaches can help us understand the social meanings of animal communications |
10.1007/s10919-019-00320-3 | 124,551,875 | Abstract Conversation between two people involves subtle nonverbal coordination in addition to speech. However, the precise parameters and timing of this coordination remain unclear, which limits our ability to theorize about the neural and cognitive mechanisms of social coordination. In particular, it is unclear if co... | 10.1038/s44159-021-00008-w | This study of head nodding behaviour in conversation identifies two different types of nods using motion capture |
10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00201 | 75,842,640 | Purpose This article describes patterns of speech modifications produced by talkers as a function of the degree of hearing impairment of communication partners during naturalistic conversations in noise. An explanation of observed speech modifications is proposed in terms of a generalization of the concept of effort. T... | 10.1038/s44159-021-00008-w | This study shows how talkers spontaneously modify their speech according to the acoustic environment and their partner’s hearing ability |
10.1073/pnas.0903616106 | 103,653,798 | Informal verbal interaction is the core matrix for human social life. A mechanism for coordinating this basic mode of interaction is a system of turn-taking that regulates who is to speak and when. Yet relatively little is known about how this system varies across cultures. The anthropological literature reports signif... | 10.1038/s44159-021-00008-w | This cross-linguistic study of question–answer pairs in spontaneous conversation shows the speed and accuracy with which people take turns |
10.1111/imr.12342 | 18,260,778 | Summary Monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy is currently experiencing an unprecedented amount of success, delivering blockbuster sales for the pharmaceutical industry. Having experienced several false dawns and overcoming technical issues which limited progress, we are now entering a golden period where mAbs are be... | 10.1038/s43018-022-00350-9 | This review presents the importance of Fcγ receptors in immunotherapy |
10.1038/s41598-018-38321-9 | 60,894,880 | Abstract Reproducible animal models to recapitulate the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are urgently required to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of liver injury and to explore novel therapeutic options. Current guidelines recommend life-style interventions as first-line therapy ... | 10.1038/s42255-020-00277-4 | Preclinical study showing that exercise protects against diet-induced NAFLD in mice and improves liver-specific metabolic and inflammatory alterations |
10.1002/anie.201700580 | 26,888,975 | Abstract Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can be electrochemically reduced to useful products such as ethylene and ethanol on copper electrocatalysts. The process is yet to be optimized and the exact mechanism and the corresponding reaction intermediates are under debate or unknown. In particular, it has been hypothe... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0235-5 | The first spectroscopic observation of a hydrogenated CO dimer Intermediate (*OCCOH) on Cu(100) during CO reduction using operando IR spectroscopy |
10.1126/science.aas9100 | 20,663,588 | A very basic pathway from CO 2 to ethylene Ethylene is an important commodity chemical for plastics. It is considered a tractable target for synthesizing renewably from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The challenge is that the performance of the copper electrocatalysts used for this conversion under the required basic reaction... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0235-5 | Ethylene was selectively produced with 70% FE at −0.55 V versus RHE in a flow cell with GDE configuration and highly alkaline electrolyte |
10.1002/anie.201802083 | 100,407,559 | Abstract In situ and operando spectroscopic and microscopic methods were used to gain insight into the correlation between the structure, chemical state, and reactivity of size‐ and shape‐controlled ligand‐free Cu nanocubes during CO 2 electroreduction (CO 2 RR). Dynamic changes in the morphology and composition of Cu ... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0235-5 | Dynamic changes of morphological and chemical states of Cu nanocubes during CO 2 RR were monitored using operando EC-AFM and EXAFS and correlated to the activity and selectivity |
10.1073/pnas.1708380114 | 41,243,460 | A three-component system of Janus dendrimers (JDs) including hydrogenated, fluorinated, and hybrid hydrogenated–fluorinated JDs are reported to coassemble by film hydration at specific ratios into an unprecedented class of supramolecular Janus particles (JPs) denoted Janus dendrimersomes (JDSs). They consist of a dumbb... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0235-5 | The interface between Cu + and Cu 0 species significantly improves the kinetics and thermodynamics of both CO 2 activation, and CO dimerization |
10.1038/ncomms13869 | 100,685,147 | Abstract Electroreduction of carbon dioxide into higher-energy liquid fuels and chemicals is a promising but challenging renewable energy conversion technology. Among the electrocatalysts screened so far for carbon dioxide reduction, which includes metals, alloys, organometallics, layered materials and carbon nanostruc... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0235-5 | The N-doped graphene quantum dots showed a high total CO 2 RR FE of up to 90%, with the C 2 and C 3 product distribution and production rate comparable to those obtained with copper nanoparticle-based electrocatalysts |
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa995 | 41,757,383 | Abstract Aims Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates atherosclerosis and greatly increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events for many years, in particular, strokes and MIs. Because B cell-derived autoantibodies produced in response to MI also persist for years, we investigated the role of B cells in adaptive ... | 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1 | Mouse study demonstrating the role of GC B cells and antibodies in accelerated atherosclerosis post-MI, with potential implications for secondary prevention. |
10.3389/fcell.2023.1117368 | 138,260,452 | Two pairs of biological systems acting over long distances have recently been defined as major participants in the regulation of physiological and pathological tissue reactions: i) the nervous and vascular systems form various blood-brain barriers and control axon growth and angiogenesis; and ii) the nervous and immune... | 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1 | Detailed description of neuro–immune–vascular interactions in the adventitia and outer media of large arteries, establishing an artery–brain crosstalk and the impact thereof on maintenance of artery tertiary lymphoid organs and the progression of atherosclerosis. |
10.1093/eurheartj/ehz516 | 61,222,594 | Abstract Aims A persistent cardiac T-cell response initiated by myocardial infarction is linked to subsequent adverse ventricular remodelling and progression of heart failure. No data exist on T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire changes in combination with phenotypic characterization of T cells in ischaemic failing human ... | 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1 | Bulk TCR sequencing on heart-infiltrating T cells reveals TCR clonotypes shared between ischemic failing hearts of several patients, with a dominance of CD4 + TH1 cells and cytotoxic CD8 + T cells |
10.1038/s41467-021-21737-9 | 104,105,386 | Abstract Acute myocardial infarction is a common condition responsible for heart failure and sudden death. Here, we show that following acute myocardial infarction in mice, CD8 + T lymphocytes are recruited and activated in the ischemic heart tissue and release Granzyme B, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, adverse ve... | 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1 | Evidence for a deleterious role of CD8 + T cells following acute MI in mice and pigs through the production of granzyme B, with circulating levels of the latter being predictive of 1-year mortality in people with acute MI |
10.1038/s41467-018-04908-z | 102,293,808 | Abstract Cardiomyocyte proliferation stops at birth when the heart is no longer exposed to maternal blood and, likewise, to regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are expanded to promote maternal tolerance towards the fetus. Here, we report a role of Tregs in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. Treg-conditioned medium prom... | 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1 | Evidence for a role of T reg cells in promoting fetal and maternal cardiomyocyte proliferation after MI in mice, with a significant impact on infarct size and cardiac contractility |
10.1093/cvr/cvab113 | 82,752,804 | Abstract Aims In pre-clinical models of acute myocardial infarction (MI), mature B cells mobilize inflammatory monocytes into the heart, leading to increased infarct size and deterioration of cardiac function, whilst anti-CD20 antibody-mediated depletion of B cells limits myocardial injury and improves cardiac function... | 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1 | Treatment with rituximab is safe when given in the acute ST-elevation MI setting and substantially alters circulating B cell subsets |
10.1126/science.289.5485.1743 | 104,279,717 | Freeze and breakup dates of ice on lakes and rivers provide consistent evidence of later freezing and earlier breakup around the Northern Hemisphere from 1846 to 1995. Over these 150 years, changes in freeze dates averaged 5.8 days per 100 years later, and changes in breakup dates averaged 6.5 days per 100 years earlie... | 10.1038/s43017-020-0067-5 | Analyzed ice-cover trends from lakes and rivers around the Northern Hemisphere using over 100 years of data |
10.1029/2010gl045059 | 62,446,181 | Surface temperatures were extracted from nighttime thermal infrared imagery of 167 large inland water bodies distributed worldwide beginning in 1985 for the months July through September and January through March. Results indicate that the mean nighttime surface water temperature has been rapidly warming for the period... | 10.1038/s43017-020-0067-5 | First worldwide study of surface-temperature trends in the largest lakes of the world |
10.1002/qj.2508 | 62,235,434 | The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) are diagonal bands of precipitation that extend from the Equator southeastward into the Southern Hemisphere over the western Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, respectively. With mean precipitation rates over 5 mm day −1 , they are a major c... | 10.1038/s43017-020-0078-2 | Develops a conceptual framework for the diagonal SPCZ based on triggering of convection by Rossby waves |
10.1175/2007jcli1656.1 | 101,064,047 | Abstract The nature of the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) is addressed by focusing on the dry (and cool) zone bounded by it and the coast of South America through numerical experiments. As shown in a companion paper, this dry zone is due, to a large extent, to orographically forced subsidence. Here it is shown t... | 10.1038/s43017-020-0078-2 | Along with its companion paper, outlines the importance of the eastern Pacific dry zone for the formation of the SPCZ |
10.1186/s40249-022-00981-1 | 143,059,382 | Abstract Background Substantial research is underway to develop next-generation interventions that address current malaria control challenges. As there is limited testing in their early development, it is difficult to predefine intervention properties such as efficacy that achieve target health goals, and therefore cha... | 10.1038/s43856-023-00274-0 | This publication describes a modeling and machine learning approach to identify optimal properties for five different interventions that achieve specified health goals that can be used for our framework |
10.1007/s00401-020-02189-9 | 42,617,404 | Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease and a leading cause for disability in young adults. Despite significant advances in immunotherapies in recent years, disease progression still cannot be prevented. Remyelination, meaning the formation of new myelin sheaths after a demyelinating... | 10.1038/s42003-022-04248-1 | This paper identified oligodendrocyte lineage cell responses associated with remyelination failure in multiple sclerosis lesions at different stages of damage and repair, identifying oligodendrocyte loss as a feature of poor remyelination in chronic lesions |
10.1073/pnas.2025813118 | 134,969,478 | Significance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that represents one of the most frequent causes of irreversible disability in young adults. Treatment options to halt disability are limited. We discovered that T helper (Th)17 cells in contact with oligodendrocytes produce higher levels... | 10.1038/s42003-022-04248-1 | This study demonstrated that direct contact between Th17 T lymphocytes and oligodendrocytes induces oligodendrocyte stress, reduces myelinaton, and increases cell death |
10.1093/brain/awac075 | 128,105,161 | Abstract Early multiple sclerosis lesions feature relative preservation of oligodendrocyte cell bodies with dying back retraction of their myelinating processes. Cell loss occurs with disease progression. Putative injury mediators include metabolic stress (low glucose/nutrient), pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon γ... | 10.1038/s42003-022-04248-1 | This study identified the stress responses in primary human oligodendrocytes following exposure to injury mediators, revealing mechanisms by which oligodendrocyte process retraction (and therefore demyelination) may occur |
10.1101/2022.02.16.480718 | 126,651,863 | ABSTRACT Myelin sheaths in the CNS are generated by the tips of oligodendrocyte processes, which wrap axons to accelerate action potential conduction, provide metabolic support and control excitability. Here we identify a distinct mode of myelination, conserved between zebrafish, mouse and human, in which oligodendrocy... | 10.1038/s42003-022-04248-1 | This study revealed anovel mechanism of myelination of distal axons by oligodendrocytes, by creatingbridges between myelin internodes; these are particularly vulnerable todegeneration with ageing relative to internodes stemming from theoligodendrocyte cell body |
10.1038/s41467-018-06106-3 | 82,725,456 | Abstract Hydrogenases with Ni- and/or Fe-based active sites are highly active hydrogen oxidation catalysts with activities similar to those of noble metal catalysts. However, the activity is connected to a sensitivity towards high-potential deactivation and oxygen damage. Here we report a fully protected polymer multil... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0381-9 | Protection of air-sensitive hydrogenase by an enzymatic O 2 scavenging system embedded in a polymer multilayer structure on the electrode |
10.1038/s41467-018-07137-6 | 101,575,842 | Abstract Hydrogen is one of the most promising alternatives for fossil fuels. However, the power output of hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells is often restricted by mass transport limitations of the substrate. Here, we present a dual-gas breathing H 2 /air biofuel cell that overcomes these limitations. The cell is equipped wit... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0381-9 | First dual-gas diffusion H 2 /air biofuel cell containing an O 2 -protected redox polymer/hydrogenase bioanode |
10.1002/adfm.201504020 | 39,474,035 | In a quest to fabricate novel solar energy materials, the high quantum efficiency and long charge separated states of photosynthetic pigment‐proteins are being exploited through their direct incorporation in bioelectronic devices. In this work, a biohybrid photocathode comprised of bacterial reaction center‐light harve... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0381-9 | Introduction of nanoporous silver electrodes for enhanced photocurrent with reaction centre based biophotocathodes |
10.1039/c6ee01363e | 20,725,774 | A rational approach for a photosystem II-based electrode assembly is described, integrating redox polymers with high surface area hierarchically structured electrodes. | 10.1038/s41929-019-0381-9 | Combination of hierarchical structured transparent electrodes and redox polymers ensure benchmark photocurrents for PSII based biophotoanodes |
10.1002/anie.200805748 | 62,051,713 | Abstract Plug and play : Photoinduced electron transfer occurs from photoexcited P700 in photosystem I (PSI) to a gold surface (see picture). A novel molecular connector system is used, in which an artificial molecular wire, which is assembled on the gold surface, was plugged into PSI by reconstitution. Analysis of the... | 10.1038/s41929-019-0381-9 | Extraction of electrons from intermediate co-factors by reconstitution of PSI with an artificial molecular wire |
10.1126/science.1212222 | 125,310,565 | Getting Wetter Faster Theoretical projections, based on the relationship between temperature and the amount of water vapor the atmosphere can hold, suggest that global warming should intensify the strength of the atmospheric water cycle by about twice the rate as the thermodynamics and climate models predict. Durack et... | 10.1038/s43017-021-00192-6 | Demonstrates the intensification of the water cycle in the second half of the twentieth century based on ocean salinities in observations and climate model simulations |
10.1126/science.aaa4521 | 125,308,941 | Looking for the missing heat Global warming apparently slowed, or even stopped, during the first decade of the 21st century. This pause is commonly called the “hiatus.” We know, however, that Earth's climate system is accumulating excess solar energy owing to the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Where, t... | 10.1038/s43017-021-00192-6 | Demonstrates redistribution of upper ocean heat content between the Pacific and Indian oceans from observations during the global warming hiatus (1993–2012) |
10.1002/2016gl072494 | 69,673,861 | Abstract A proxy of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport, developed using in situ hydrographic measurements along with assimilations, shows a significant strengthening trend during the past decade. This trend is due to a freshening and subsequent increase in the halosteric component of the ITF transport associate... | 10.1038/s43017-021-00192-6 | Demonstrates how observed rainfall changes over the Maritime Continent contributed to an intensification of the Indonesian throughflow transport since the early 2000s |
10.1038/s41467-019-10109-z | 20,811,770 | Abstract The Maritime Continent (MC) is a low-latitude chokepoint of the world oceans with the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) linking the Indo-Pacific oceans, influencing global ocean circulation, climate, and biogeochemistry. While previous studies suggested that South-China-Sea freshwaters north of the MC intruding the... | 10.1038/s43017-021-00192-6 | Using in situ and remotely sensed observations, demonstrates the importance of local contributions to the Maritime Continent freshwater balance on seasonal timescales and their implications for Indonesian throughflow transport |
10.1016/s1754-3207(08)60009-7 | 77,751,294 | The mechanisms behind the wide individual variability in pain experience and relief are an area of intense research activity. Predicting individual clinical pain and the responsiveness to analgesics should increase the efficacy and tolerability of analgesic treatments, and improve the overall treatment outcome. Several... | 10.1038/s41598-022-04831-w | Proceedings of the Third Asia Pacific Symposium on Pain Control. |
10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.01010.x | 125,062,268 | Summary We demonstrate simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object. Subject to the assumptions explicitly stated in the derivation, the algorithm solves the twin‐image problem of in‐line holography and is capable of analysing data obtained using X‐ray microscopy, el... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00015-4 | This paper describes the most widely used phase retrieval method in propagation-based phase contrast CT, implying that 3D volumes of phase can be reconstructed from a single radiograph per angle, thus allowing for rapid and practicable imaging |
10.1186/s12915-020-0753-2 | 20,339,138 | Abstract Recent developments within micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging have combined to extend our capacity to image tissue in three (3D) and four (4D) dimensions at micron and sub-micron spatial resolutions, opening the way for virtual histology, live cell imaging, subcellular imaging and correlative microscopy. ... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00015-4 | This paper presents an introduction to the possibilities offered by X-ray CT in the life sciences |
10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045833 | 124,233,696 | Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a region beset with challenges, not least its ability to feed itself. Low agricultural productivity, exploding populations, and escalating urbanization have led to declining per capita food availability. In order to reverse this trend, crop production systems must intensify, which brings wit... | 10.1038/s43016-023-00718-9 | A review article that provides an overview of the effect of plant-parasitic nematodes on food security scenarios in sub-Saharan Africa. |
10.1177/0030727020918388 | 81,269,702 | Lack of good-quality planting materials has been identified as the most severe problem militating against increased agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and beyond. However, investment of research efforts and resources in addressing this menace will only be feasible and worthwhile if attendant economic... | 10.1038/s43016-023-00718-9 | A research article demonstrating the financial impacts of yam production in key yam-producing countries; that is, sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. |
10.1098/rspa.1954.0186 | 82,328,065 | Dispersions of solid spherical grains of diameter D = 0.13cm were sheared in Newtonian fluids of varying viscosity (water and a glycerine-water-alcohol mixture) in the annular space between two concentric drums. The density σ of the grains was balanced against the density ρ of the fluid, giving a condition of no differ... | 10.1038/s42254-019-0111-x | Pioneering experimental paper on the rheology of granular suspensions and their connection to geophysical flows |
10.1029/2012jf002352 | 20,448,239 | We provide a probabilistic definition of the bed load sediment flux. In treating particle positions and motions as stochastic quantities, a flux form of the Master equation (a general expression of conservation) reveals that the volumetric flux involves an advective part equal to the product of an average particle velo... | 10.1038/s42254-019-0111-x | Formulation of a formal statistical mechanics framework for sediment transport |
10.1098/rsta.2012.0352 | 17,399,624 | Pattern formation is a natural property of nonlinear and non-equilibrium dynamical systems. Geophysical examples of such systems span practically all observable length scales, from rhythmic banding of chemical species within a single mineral crystal, to the morphology of cusps and spits along hundreds of kilometres of ... | 10.1038/s42254-019-0111-x | Lead article for a special issue that summarizes the principles of non-equilibrium pattern formation, with many illustrative examples provided. |
10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140452 | 18,093,149 | Since the 1970s, theories of deformation and failure of amorphous, solidlike materials have started with models in which stress-driven, molecular rearrangements occur at localized flow defects via shear transformations. This picture is the basis for the modern theory of shear transformation zones (STZs), which is the f... | 10.1038/s42254-019-0111-x | Review of the concepts and applicability of shear transformation zones |
10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104045 | 62,291,241 | When a system jams, it undergoes a transition from a flowing to a rigid state. Despite this important change in the dynamics, the internal structure of the system remains disordered in the solid as well as the fluid phase. In this way jamming is quite different from crystallization, the other common way in which a flui... | 10.1038/s42254-019-0111-x | A summary of the idealized framework by which disordered materials gain rigidity |
10.1084/jem.20151448 | 62,312,021 | Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play an important role in many immune processes, including control of infections, inflammation, and tissue repair. To date, little is known about the metabolism of ILC and whether these cells can metabolically adapt in response to environmental signals. Here we show that type 2 innate lympho... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00685-8 | This paper determined that ILC2s robustly utilize fatty acid metabolism for IL-13 production during helminth infection |
10.1038/s41590-021-01043-8 | 130,279,360 | Abstract Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent innate homologs of type 2 helper T cells (T H 2) that participate in immune defense and tissue homeostasis through production of type 2 cytokines. While T lymphocytes metabolically adapt to microenvironmental changes, knowledge of human ILC2 metabolism is limited... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00685-8 | This paper details how human ILC2s exhibit differential dependence of OXPHOS and mTOR signaling for proliferation and cytokine production, respectively. |
10.1084/jem.20180549 | 103,705,944 | Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are the innate counterparts of Th17 that require the transcription factor RORγt for development and contribute to the defense against pathogens through IL-22 and IL-17 secretion. Proliferation and effector functions of Th17 require a specific mTOR-dependent metabolic program that u... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00685-8 | This paper determined that ILC3s rely on mTORC1 signaling, activation of HIF1α, and mROS production to support optimal responses during an enteric infection. |
10.1084/jem.20210909 | 133,239,888 | Gut innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) show remarkable phenotypic diversity, yet microenvironmental factors that drive this plasticity are incompletely understood. The balance between NKp46+, IL-22–producing, group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) and interferon (IFN)-γ–producing group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) contributes to gut homeostasis. The gut mu... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00685-8 | This paper identifies that intracellular metabolic networks, such as those driven by HIF1α and glycolysis, shape the plasticity ILC3 subsets |
10.1609/aaai.v31i1.10641 | 131,172,503 | We give an overview of SAT Competition 2016, the 2016 edition of thefamous competition for Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers with over 20 years of history. A key aim is to point out ``what's hot'' in SAT competitions in 2016, i.e., new developments in thecompetition series, including new competition tracks and new s... | 10.1038/s41598-022-11687-7 | (Affiliated with the 19th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing) |
10.1073/pnas.1006652108 | 62,588,156 | Recent advances in the understanding of reactivity trends for chemistry at transition-metal surfaces have enabled in silico design of heterogeneous catalysts in a few cases. The current status of the field is discussed with an emphasis on the role of coupling theory and experiment and future challenges. | 10.1038/s43588-022-00287-0 | A review article that presents the role of QM calculations in catalysis research. |
10.1126/science.aar6611 | 83,479,435 | Transforming nitrogen without carbon How much carbon does it take to make nitric acid? The counterintuitive answer nowadays is quite a lot. Nitric acid is manufactured by ammonia oxidation, and all the hydrogen to make ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process comes from methane. That's without even accounting for the fossil... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00053-y | This review covers the thermochemistry of all nitrogen-transformation reactions and the challenges and opportunities associated with these reactions in overcoming reliance on fossil fuels |
10.1002/cssc.201500322 | 41,519,409 | Abstract The electrochemical production of NH 3 under ambient conditions represents an attractive prospect for sustainable agriculture, but electrocatalysts that selectively reduce N 2 to NH 3 remain elusive. In this work, we present insights from DFT calculations that describe limitations on the low‐temperature electr... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00053-y | This paper presents insights from DFT calculations that describe limitations on the low-temperature electrocatalytic production of NH 3 from dinitrogen |
10.1038/s41467-020-19130-z | 20,740,835 | Abstract Ammonia is of emerging interest as a liquefied, renewable-energy-sourced energy carrier for global use in the future. Electrochemical reduction of N 2 (NRR) is widely recognised as an alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch production process for ammonia. However, though the challenges of NRR experiments ha... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00053-y | This perspective assesses a wide range of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reports identifying false positives and providing an experimental protocol for ensuring rigorous ammonia quantification in upcoming works |
10.1002/anie.201103657 | 20,606,328 | Abstract Liquid hydrocarbon fuels play an essential part in the global energy chain, owing to their high energy density and easy transportability. Olefins play a similar role in the production of consumer goods. In a post‐oil society, fuel and olefin production will rely on alternative carbon sources, such as biomass, ... | 10.1038/s41929-018-0078-5 | A methanol-to-hydrocarbons review dedicated to mechanism understanding and describing main parameters affecting selectivty to hydrocarbons |
10.1002/anie.201608643 | 122,518,855 | Abstract Methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) catalysis is a very active field of research because there is a wide variety of sometimes conflicting mechanistic proposals. An example is the ongoing discussion on the initial C−C bond formation from methanol during the induction period of the MTO process. By employing a combination o... | 10.1038/s41929-018-0078-5 | An in-depth mechanistic investigation providing spectroscopic evidence in support of the Koch-carbonylation mechanism of the methanol-to-hydrocarbon reaction |
10.1002/anie.201606099 | 19,450,607 | Abstract Understanding the formation of carbon deposits in zeolites is vital to developing new, superior materials for various applications, including oil and gas conversion processes. Herein, atom probe tomography (APT) has been used to spatially resolve the 3D compositional changes at the sub‐nm length scale in a sin... | 10.1038/s41929-018-0078-5 | In this article, atom probe tomography was used to spatially resolve the 3D compositional changes at the sub-nm length scale in a partially deactivated single zeolite ZSM-5 crystal after the methanol-to-hydrocarbon reaction |
10.1126/science.1197294 | 20,423,393 | Laser pulses are used to enable coherent transport between the copper oxide planes of a cuprate superconductor. | 10.1038/s42005-020-00447-6 | Discovery of light-induced superconductivity by resonantly driving a phonon mode in a charge-ordered cuprate. |
10.1126/sciadv.aax3346 | 83,171,525 | Charge order is universal among high- T c cuprates, but its relation to superconductivity is unclear. While static order competes with superconductivity, dynamic order may be favorable and even contribute to Cooper pairing. Using time-resolved resonant soft x-ray scattering at a free-electron laser, we show that the ch... | 10.1038/s42005-020-00447-6 | Observation of diffusive charge order dynamics in a cuprate superconductor with soft X-ray trRIXS. |
10.1038/ncomms7708 | 83,397,062 | Abstract The strongest interaction between microscopic spins in magnetic materials is the exchange interaction J ex . Therefore, ultrafast control of J ex holds the promise to control spins on ultimately fast timescales. We demonstrate that time-periodic modulation of the electronic structure by electric fields can be ... | 10.1038/s42005-020-00447-6 | Theoretical proposal for the transient manipulation of the exchange interaction via Floquet engineering of the intermediate electronic state. |
10.1126/sciadv.aav4020 | 18,958,127 | Young’s archetypal double-slit experiment forms the basis for modern diffraction techniques: The elastic scattering of waves yields an interference pattern that captures the real-space structure. Here, we report on an inelastic incarnation of Young’s experiment and demonstrate that resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (... | 10.1038/s42005-020-00447-6 | Experimental observation of intermediate state interference in the RIXS spectrum of a dimerized oxide. |
10.1038/s42255-022-00528-6 | 136,289,751 | Abstract During starvation, mammalian brains can adapt their metabolism, switching from glucose to alternative peripheral fuel sources. In the Drosophila starved brain, memory formation is subject to adaptative plasticity, but whether this adaptive plasticity relies on metabolic adaptation remains unclear. Here we show... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00594-w | This paper shows that under starvation glia provide alternative fuel for neuronal metabolism and activity |
10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-104948 | 103,803,867 | The neural control of appetite is important for understanding motivated behavior as well as the present rising prevalence of obesity. Over the past several years, new tools for cell type-specific neuron activity monitoring and perturbation have enabled increasingly detailed analyses of the mechanisms underlying appetit... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00611-y | This review served as inspiration for dividing up the discrete phases of feeding into three acts |
10.1126/science.278.5335.135 | 82,799,344 | Expression of Agouti protein is normally limited to the skin where it affects pigmentation, but ubiquitous expression causes obesity. An expressed sequence tag was identified that encodes Agouti-related protein, whose RNA is normally expressed in the hypothalamus and whose levels were increased eightfold in ob/ob mice.... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00611-y | This is one of three studies that demonstrated the essential role of the melanocortin system on the control of energy balance |
10.7554/elife.07122 | 20,640,455 | Agouti-related-peptide (AgRP) neurons—interoceptive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC)—are both necessary and sufficient for driving feeding behavior. To better understand the functional roles of AgRP neurons, we performed optetrode electrophysiological recordings from AgRP neurons in awake, behav... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00611-y | This is one of three studies that demonstrated that activity of hypothalamic neurons are rapidly and robustly altered via anticipation of food consumption using in vivo electrophysiology |
10.1126/science.aax1184 | 62,211,943 | The current obesity epidemic is a major worldwide health concern. Despite the consensus that the brain regulates energy homeostasis, the neural adaptations governing obesity are unknown. Using a combination of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing and longitudinal in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we surveyed fu... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00611-y | This study performed longitudinal two-photon neural recordings to demonstrate how diet disrupts the function of an endogenous feeding suppression system to promote overeating and obesity |
10.1002/wnan.1639 | 37,861,902 | Abstract Among the preclinical molecular imaging approaches, lately fluorine ( 19 F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community, due to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19 F nucleus. Fluorine is an intrinsically sensitive nucl... | 10.1038/s44161-023-00216-y | A review article about 19 F MRI for the detection of inflammation. |
10.1038/s41467-021-26146-6 | 126,840,338 | Abstract Prediction of the transition from stable to acute coronary syndromes driven by vascular inflammation, thrombosis with subsequent microembolization, and vessel occlusion leading to irreversible myocardial damage is still an unsolved problem. Here, we introduce a multi-targeted and multi-color nanotracer platfor... | 10.1038/s44161-023-00216-y | This paper reports a multi-targeted 19 F MRI approach for the detection of multiple danger patterns. |
10.1007/s00395-022-00928-5 | 130,475,467 | Abstract Inflammatory cell infiltration is central to healing after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The relation of regional inflammation to edema, infarct size (IS), microvascular obstruction (MVO), intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH), and regional and global LV function is not clear. Here we noninvasively characteriz... | 10.1038/s44161-023-00216-y | This paper demonstrates the feasibility of 19 F MRI in the clinical setting. |
10.1126/science.1217423 | 60,123,902 | Dissecting Cooper Pairs Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is used in the study of the electronic structure of complex materials. Recently, time-resolved ARPES has become possible, where the state of the system is excited by a short “pump” pulse, and ARPES is performed using a second “probe” pulse applie... | 10.1038/s43586-022-00133-7 | This work utilizes TrARPES to study the ultrafast dynamics of a high- T c cuprate superconductor |
10.1002/ldr.3968 | 123,511,273 | Abstract Tillage erosion causes substantial soil redistribution that can exceed water erosion especially in hummocky landscapes under highly mechanized large field agriculture. Consequently, truncated soil profiles can be found on hill shoulders and top slopes, whereas colluvial material is accumulated at footslopes, i... | 10.1038/s43016-022-00534-7 | A paper that uses remote sensing to analyse the relationship between crop biomass and soil erosion patterns in the Uckermark |
10.1073/pnas.252644399 | 20,380,877 | A scheme enabling the complete sampling of multidimensional NMR domains within a single continuous acquisition is introduced and exemplified. Provided that an analyte's signal is sufficiently strong, the acquisition time of multidimensional NMR experiments can thus be shortened by orders of magnitude. This could enable... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00024-3 | This paper introduces the basic idea underlying the execution of 2D NMR acquisitions in a single shot by spatio-temporal encoding |
10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020208 | 20,379,395 | Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy is widely used in chemical and biochemical analyses. Multidimensional NMR is also witnessing increased use in quantitative and metabolic screening applications. Conventional 2D NMR experiments, however, are affected by inherently long acquisition duration... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00024-3 | This paper highlights various applications enabled by single-scan 2D NMR for chemical and biophysical scenarios |
10.1002/anie.201705506 | 62,032,646 | Abstract Nested NMR experiments combining up to five conventional NMR pulse sequences into one supersequence are introduced. The core 2D NMR techniques routinely employed in small molecule NMR spectroscopy, such as HSQC, HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY, TOCSY, and similar, can be recorded in a single measurement. In this way t... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00024-3 | This paper introduces the NOAH technique, and describes how various heteronuclear and homonuclear 2D NMR experiments can be combined into a supersequence by careful manipulation of magnetization pools |
10.1039/c8cc03296c | 83,009,006 | New NOAH supersequences (NMR by Ordered Acquisition using 1 H-detection) are introduced that allow fast structure elucidation of organic molecules from a single measurement. | 10.1038/s43586-021-00024-3 | This paper is the first demonstration of how parallelized NMR experiments can be combined with computer-assisted structural elucidation, allowing unknown molecular frameworks to be determined in a far shorter time than previously possible |
10.1002/cmr.a.20150 | 29,097,247 | Abstract Details on the implementation of the simultaneous evolution of multiple frequencies into the same time period of a NMR pulse sequence are introduced. Time‐shared (TS) versions of the most useful inverse 2D NMR experiments (TS‐HMBC, TS‐HSQC, TS‐HSQC‐TOCSY, and TS‐HSQMBC) are presented and illustrated for simult... | 10.1038/s43586-021-00024-3 | 36A This review on time-shared sequences with a focus on small-molecule applications goes into detail about sensitivity considerations as well as numerous experimental variants and improvements on the basic time-shared concept |
10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135032 | 125,145,549 | We present a review of the processes, morphology, and stratigraphy of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta (GBMD), including insights gained from detailed elevation data. The review shows that the GBMD is best characterized as a composite system, with different regions having morphologic and stratigraphic attributes of ... | 10.1038/s43017-021-00213-4 | This paper reviews the evolving processes, morphology and stratigraphy of the GBM delta, defining the delta as a complex composite system of both fluvial and tidal dominance |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748 | 125,309,689 | Cerebrospinal fluid flows through channels around brain blood vessels that are bounded by astrocytic endfeet, mediated by water transport through aquaporin-4. | 10.1038/s41598-022-19157-w | Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Section: Research Article |
10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125737 | 104,100,596 | The performance, field utility, and low cost of lateral flow assays (LFAs) have driven a tremendous shift in global health care practices by enabling diagnostic testing in previously unserved settings. This success has motivated the continued improvement of LFAs through increasingly sophisticated materials and reagents... | 10.1038/s44222-022-00007-3 | This review discusses the improvement of lateral flow test assay performance using computational modelling. |
10.1073/pnas.0707364105 | 40,968,070 | The dried raisin, the crushed soda can, and the collapsed bicycle inner tube exemplify the nonlinear mechanical response of naturally curved elastic surfaces with different intrinsic curvatures to a variety of different external loads. To understand the formation and evolution of these features in a minimal setting, we... | 10.1038/s42254-019-0063-1 | A detailed numerical study of the breakdown of mirror buckling in indented shells |
10.1073/pnas.1815507116 | 62,029,043 | The complex morphologies exhibited by spatially confined thin objects have long challenged human efforts to understand and manipulate them, from the representation of patterns in draped fabric in Renaissance art to current-day efforts to engineer flexible sensors that conform to the human body. We introduce a theoretic... | 10.1038/s42254-019-0063-1 | Discusses how a thin flat sheet can adopt a curved gross shape even in the absence of applied tension |
10.1126/science.aad5367 | 20,570,692 | An RNA methylase caught in the act RNA methylation is important in RNA function and in antibiotic resistance. The RNA methylase RlmN is a dual-specificity enzyme that can act on ribosomal and transfer RNA (tRNA). RlmN is a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme, which produces a protein/RNA cross-linked intermediate... | 10.1038/s41929-020-0448-7 | An elegant capture of an intermediate between a radical SAM and its tRNA substrate |
10.1126/science.aad8995 | 61,959,783 | A radical carboxyl migration The antibiotic nosiheptide, produced by Streptomyces actuosus , has high activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The enzymes involved in its biosynthesis include NosL, which cannibalizes tryptophan and forms a methylindolic acid precursor. Although NosL is included in a growing fami... | 10.1038/s41929-020-0448-7 | Trapping of an unexpected radical intermediate and its structural determination by EPR |
10.1039/c7np00058h | 59,202,467 | Electrons do not always go where you expect them to in the catalytic cycles of radical SAM enzymes. Herein, a number of examples are considered along with potential avenues for future investigation. | 10.1038/s41929-020-0448-7 | A nice review highlighting the role of the redox partner in the efficient catalysis performed by radical SAM enzymes |
10.1126/science.aao0157 | 62,246,308 | Protein backbone, broken and mended Small, posttranslationally modified peptides are produced by microorganisms as antimicrobial agents or to communicate with neighboring cells. Alterations to the peptide backbone can change the structure of peptides or introduce reactive chemical moieties. Morinaka et al. characterize... | 10.1038/s41929-020-0448-7 | An astonishing peptide modification performed by a radical SAM enzyme |
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