source_doi stringlengths 13 57 | source_mag_paper_id int64 490k 157M | source_abstract stringlengths 8 10.7k | target_doi stringlengths 14 27 | target_summary stringlengths 42 889 |
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10.1146/annurev.biophys.36.040306.132643 | 20,391,379 | The lipid bilayer component of biological membranes is important for the distribution, organization, and function of bilayer-spanning proteins. This regulation is due to both specific lipid-protein interactions and general bilayer-protein interactions, which modulate the energetics and kinetics of protein conformationa... | 10.1038/nature08147 | This useful review provides a variety of examples of the connection between the lipid environment and the function of membrane-bound proteins. |
10.1073/pnas.0307332101 | 41,760,634 | A biological membrane is conceptualized as a system in which membrane proteins are naturally matched to the equilibrium thickness of the lipid bilayer. Cholesterol, in addition to lipid composition, has been suggested to be a major regulator of bilayer thickness in vivo because measurements in vitro have shown that cho... | 10.1038/nature08147 | This experimental tour de force shows that protein content modulates bilayer thickness across different organellar membranes by the hydrophobic mismatch principle. |
10.1063/1.1736034 | 83,501,761 | In order to find an upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of p-n junction solar energy converters, a limiting efficiency, called the detailed balance limit of efficiency, has been calculated for an ideal case in which the only recombination mechanism of hole-electron pairs is radiative as required by the principle... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.43 | This is the classic paper on the theoretical thermodynamic efficiency limit in solar cells. |
10.1126/science.270.5243.1789 | 41,744,691 | The carrier collection efficiency (η c ) and energy conversion efficiency (η e ) of polymer photovoltaic cells were improved by blending of the semiconducting polymer with C 60 or its functionalized derivatives. Composite films of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) and fullerenes exh... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.43 | This paper is the starting point of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. |
10.1063/1.2212270 | 83,389,360 | We investigate the effect of interfacial buffer layers—vanadium oxide (V2O5) and cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3)—on the performance of polymer solar cells based on regioregular poly-(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C60 butyric acid methyl ester blend. The polarity of solar cells can be controlled by the relative positions... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.43 | Early report on polymer solar cells with an inverted configuration using interface layers to modify the work function of the electrode. |
10.1063/1.3556619 | 19,568,107 | Models of insulating interfaces between (100)GaAs and HfO2, Gd2O3, and Al2O3 are constructed and used to host various interfacial defects to see which give rise to gap states. The antibonding state of As–As dimers is found to lie in the upper band gap and is identified as a possible major source of the interface gap st... | 10.1038/nature10677 | This paper provides density-functional theory calculations of interface defect states between high- κ oxides and GaAs, InAs and InP that are consistent with experimental observation. |
10.1149/1.3122119 | 103,301,613 | High-performance inversion-type enhancement-mode (E-mode) n-channel MOSFETs on In-rich InGaAs using ALD Al2O3 as high-k gate dielectrics are demonstrated. The maximum drain current, peak transconductance, and the effective electron velocity of 1.0 A/mm, 0.43 S/mm and 1.0x107 cm/s at drain voltage of 2.0 V are achieved ... | 10.1038/nature10677 | This paper reports significant improvements in ALD oxide InGaAs MOSFET transistor characteristics as the InAs mole fraction in the channel is increased. |
10.1063/1.3013572 | 37,260,520 | We report a sharp reduction in the resistivity of Ohmic contacts using in situ deposition of molybdenum (Mo) contacts onto n-type In0.53Ga0.47As grown on InP. The contacts were formed by evaporating Mo onto the wafer using an electron beam evaporator connected to a molecular beam epitaxy chamber under ultrahigh vacuum.... | 10.1038/nature10677 | This paper reports Mo/n+–InGaAs ohmic contacts with contact resistance comparable to state-of-the-art silicon technology. |
10.1073/pnas.1321652111 | 102,629,563 | Significance Research into microalgae as a feedstock for biofuels continues to increase because of the inherent potential advantages it holds over traditional terrestrial feedstocks. However, the true near-term large-scale productivity of microalgae remains uncertain. This study integrates a large-scale, outdoor growth... | 10.1038/ncomms12699 | This paper uses a species specific growth model involving 21 inputs combined with meteorological data from over 4000 locations around the world to determine the global productivity potential for Nannochloropsis |
10.1063/1.4771990 | 7,456,667 | In this work, cultivation of photosynthetic microbes in surface plasmon enhanced evanescent fields is demonstrated. Proliferation of Synechococcus elongatus was obtained on gold surfaces excited with surface plasmons. Excitation over three days resulted in 10 μm thick biofilms with maximum cell volume density of 20% vo... | 10.1038/ncomms12699 | This paper demonstrates the possibility to drive photosynthesis by coupling light from plasmon enhanced evanescent fields directly into the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria |
10.1126/science.aad3317 | 125,081,095 | Using light in the darkness Solid-state devices can efficiently capture solar energy to produce chemicals and fuels from carbon dioxide. Yet biology has already developed a high-specificity, low-cost system to do just that through photosynthesis. Sakimoto et al. developed a biological-inorganic hybrid that combines the... | 10.1038/ncomms12699 | This paper demonstrates a proof-of-concept for photo-sensitizing non-photosynthetic bacteria by growing cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on their surfaces which enable them to utilize light as an energy source for acetic acid synthesis |
10.1126/science.1148666 | 40,294,015 | Dwarf galaxies pose substantial challenges for cosmological models. In particular, current models predict a dark-matter density that is divergent at the center, which is in sharp contrast with observations that indicate a core of roughly constant density. Energy feedback, from supernova explosions and stellar winds, ha... | 10.1038/nature12953 | These authors presented the first self-consistent simulations in which galaxies lost their central cusps due to supernova feedback. |
10.1126/science.1162494 | 83,432,639 | Pluripotent stem cells have been generated from mouse and human somatic cells by viral expression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. A major limitation of this technology is the use of potentially harmful genome-integrating viruses. We generated mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fib... | 10.1038/nature08180 | This paper is the first demonstration of integration-free iPS cell generation. |
10.1126/science.1198469 | 83,477,215 | Bacteria of the genus Clostridium promote the induction of suppressor T cells in the colons of mice. | 10.1038/nature10209 | This study demonstrates that Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa affect the adaptive immune system by inducing a TGF-β-rich milieu and promoting differentiation of anti-inflammatory T reg cells. |
10.1084/jem.20110132 | 59,405,782 | Stem cell niches are defined as the cellular and molecular microenvironments that regulate stem cell function together with stem cell autonomous mechanisms. This includes control of the balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, as well as the engagement of specific programs in response to stress. I... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.91 | This paper provides a good review of the cellular constituents of the bone marrow niche. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3002614 | 125,017,353 | A multifunctional fibronectin fragment enhances the regenerative effects of growth factors in vivo in animal models of chronic wounds and critical-size bone defects. | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.91 | This paper demonstrates the engineering of materials for synergistic integrin and GF signalling through the use of recombinant fragments of fibronectin. |
10.1126/sciadv.1600188 | 41,072,922 | Growth factors (GFs) are powerful signaling molecules with the potential to drive regenerative strategies, including bone repair and vascularization. However, GFs are typically delivered in soluble format at supraphysiological doses because of rapid clearance and limited therapeutic impact. These high doses have seriou... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.91 | This paper demonstrates a simple engineering approach for synergistic integrin and GF signalling. |
10.1126/science.1247663 | 41,502,617 | Toward Successful Tissue Repair The therapeutic use of growth factors in tissue regeneration has suffered from safety and efficacy issues. Reasoning that the unmet potential may be because of nonphysiological delivery, Martino et al. (p. 885 ) engineered growth factors to bind strongly to extracellular matrix proteins.... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.91 | This paper shows that GFs have better potential when bound to the ECM than when administered as soluble factors. |
10.1155/2014/807159 | 99,776,297 | Solar energy has become one of the most promising renewable energies and is the most widely used nowadays. In order to achieve an optimum performance, both photovoltaic and solar thermal applications are required to track the position of the sun throughout the day and year in the most effective way possible to avoid a ... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.18 | This study shows ray-trace simulation of beam steering with a rotating prism array. |
10.1073/pnas.0902080106 | 20,343,392 | Understanding the ecological impacts of climate change is a crucial challenge of the twenty-first century. There is a clear lack of general rules regarding the impacts of global warming on biota. Here, we present a metaanalysis of the effect of climate change on body size of ectothermic aquatic organisms (bacteria, phy... | 10.1038/nclimate1259 | One of the first papers to suggest a link between climate warming and reduced body size. |
10.1126/science.1061967 | 83,409,705 | We derive a general model, based on principles of biochemical kinetics and allometry, that characterizes the effects of temperature and body mass on metabolic rate. The model fits metabolic rates of microbes, ectotherms, endotherms (including those in hibernation), and plants in temperatures ranging from 0° to 40°C. Ma... | 10.1038/nclimate1259 | A comprehensive presentation of the link between temperature and metabolism, central to size reductions in ectotherms. |
10.1146/annurev.biophys.050708.133637 | 58,419,659 | We argue that the mechanical control of proteins—the notion of controlling chemical reactions and processes by mechanics—is conceptually interesting. We give a brief review of the main accomplishments so far, leading to our present approach of using DNA molecular springs to exert controlled stresses on proteins. Our fo... | 10.1038/nature08912 | This review discusses how the elastic energy of the DNA spring can induce a conformational change in a protein through the construction of a novel protein-DNA chimaera. |
10.1126/science.1138527 | 61,024,053 | Multiple unrelated polymer systems have evolved to partition DNA molecules between daughter cells at division. To better understand polymer-driven DNA segregation, we reconstituted the three-component segregation system of the R1 plasmid from purified components. We found that the ParR/ parC complex can construct a sim... | 10.1038/nature08912 | This paper shows that prokaryotic DNA segregation can be reconstituted in vitro with defined components. The mechanism of segregation is polymer growth at the sites of contact with the DNA. |
10.1182/blood-2009-10-249540 | 20,616,719 | Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of innate and acquired immunity. The maturation of DCs is directed by signal transduction events downstream of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors. Here, we demonstrate that, in mouse DCs, TLR agonists stimulate a profound metabolic transi... | 10.1038/nature11862 | This paper describes for the first time how lipopolysaccharide induces aerobic glycolysis in dendritic cells. |
10.4049/jimmunol.1003613 | 103,776,805 | Abstract Stimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes can differentiate into effector T cell (Teff) or inducible regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets with specific immunological roles. We show that Teff and Treg require distinct metabolic programs to support these functions. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells expressed high surface levels of the g... | 10.1038/nature11862 | This paper gives the first detailed description of the metabolic features of effector and regulatory T cells. |
10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.566 | 61,035,828 | Abstract Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, is a Th1-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. AMP-activated protein kinase was reported recently to have anti-inflammatory activities by negatively regulating NF-κB signaling. In this study, we investigat... | 10.1038/nature11862 | This is the first report to give a detailed account of the anti-inflammatory effects of the AMPK activator AICA riboside. |
10.1126/science.1215327 | 83,184,192 | An Aspirin a Day? The protein kinase AMPK (adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase) directly monitors cellular energy stores as reflected by changes in cellular concentrations of AMP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Through phosphorylation of its targets, it helps to control meta... | 10.1038/nature11862 | This paper describes how salicylates might mediate their anti-inflammatory effects through AMPK activation. |
10.1126/science.1228604 | 41,659,027 | Perovskite Photovoltaics For many types of low-cost solar cells, including those using dye-sensitized titania, performance is limited by low open-circuit voltages. Lee et al. (p. 643 , published online 4 October; see the Perspective by Norris and Aydil ) have developed a solid-state cell in which structured films of ti... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.149 | This work was the first study of a solid-state perovskite-halide solar cell without an electrically active mesoporous anode showing that perovskite-halides can also support charge transport. |
10.1063/1.4864778 | 125,123,789 | Thin-film solar cells based on Methylammonium triiodideplumbate (CH3NH3PbI3) halide perovskites have recently shown remarkable performance. First-principle calculations show that CH3NH3PbI3 has unusual defect physics: (i) Different from common p-type thin-film solar cell absorbers, it exhibits flexible conductivity fro... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.149 | The first study of the energetics of native point defects in CH3NH3PbI3 leading to the suggestion that highly detrimental defects would be difficult to form in this perovskite. |
10.1002/anie.201500014 | 62,230,413 | Abstract The success of perovskite solar cells has sparked enormous excitement in the photovoltaic community not only because of unexpectedly high efficiencies but also because of the future potential ascribed to such crystalline absorber materials. Far from being exhaustively studied in terms of solid‐state properties... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.149 | The first study that was able to separate the contributions of electronic and ionic species to conduction in CH3NH3PbI3 and show that halogen point defects were the dominant species in ionic conduction. |
10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115623 | 20,680,567 | The faithful execution of biological processes requires a precise and carefully orchestrated set of steps that depend on the proper spatial and temporal expression of genes. Here we review the various classes of transcriptional regulatory elements (core promoters, proximal promoters, distal enhancers, silencers, insula... | 10.1038/nature08451 | This paper is a comprehensive overview of functional classes of gene regulatory sequence, including many disease-relevant examples identified through gene-centric studies. |
10.1242/dev.01613 | 82,403,956 | Mutations in a conserved non-coding region in intron 5 of the Lmbr1 locus, which is 1 Mb away from the sonic hedgehog(Shh) coding sequence, are responsible for mouse and human preaxial polydactyly with mirror-image digit duplications. In the mouse mutants,ectopic Shh expression is observed in the anterior mesenchyme of... | 10.1038/nature08451 | This paper shows that deletion of the distant-acting limb enhancer of the Shh gene in mice causes severe limb truncation, providing a model example of the requirement for enhancers in mammalian development. |
10.1073/pnas.1304208111 | 78,861,390 | Understanding a planet’s atmosphere is a necessary condition for understanding not only the planet itself, but also its formation, structure, evolution, and habitability. This requirement puts a premium on obtaining spectra and developing credible interpretative tools with which to retrieve vital planetary information.... | 10.1038/nature13782 | This paper provides an unvarnished appraisal of current state-of-the-art exoplanet atmosphere characterization. |
10.1126/science.1166585 | 104,254,315 | Direct imaging of exoplanetary systems is a powerful technique that can reveal Jupiter-like planets in wide orbits, can enable detailed characterization of planetary atmospheres, and is a key step toward imaging Earth-like planets. Imaging detections are challenging because of the combined effect of small angular separ... | 10.1038/nature13782 | This paper represents the coming of age of the direct, high-contrast imaging technique of exoplanet discovery and characterization. |
10.1126/science.270.5235.467 | 20,781,825 | A high-capacity system was developed to monitor the expression of many genes in parallel. Microarrays prepared by high-speed robotic printing of complementary DNAs on glass were used for quantitative expression measurements of the corresponding genes. Because of the small format and high density of the arrays, hybridiz... | 10.1038/nature08605 | This study demonstrated the use of microarray analysis for profiling gene expression patterns. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aac6522 | 125,110,107 | Magnetic nanoparticles predict the efficacy of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in vivo, helping select for tumors more responsive to nanomedicine. | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.24 | This study demonstrates the use of a clinically used nanoparticle formulation as a probe to accurately predict tumour accumulation and treatment efficacy of a range of nanotherapeutics. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6086 | 20,787,832 | An implantable ultrasound device safely disrupts the blood-brain barrier in glioblastoma patients. | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.24 | A first-in-human trial showing initial successes on disrupting the blood–brain barrier with ultrasound. |
10.1126/science.206.4418.515 | 108,217,183 | The first broad program of scientific shallow drilling on the U.S. Atlantic continental shelf has delineated rocks of Pleistocene to Late Cretaceous age, including phosphoritic Miocene strata, widespread Eocene carbonate deposits that serve as reflective seismic markers, and several regional unconformities. Two sites, ... | 10.1038/nature12858 | This is the seminal paper that demonstrated the widespread occurrence of low-salinity groundwater below the continental shelf of the eastern United States. |
10.1029/2000wr900243 | 41,019,051 | Analytical methods and numerical experiments are used to study salinization of groundwater in response to sea level rise. The system that is studied involves a saturated porous medium with an inclined upper surface. The upper surface is progressively inundated during sea level rise to simulate transgression, the landwa... | 10.1038/nature12858 | This was the first study to evaluate the modes of salinization of continental shelf aquifers during sea-level rise. |
10.1038/ncomms10842 | 38,325,982 | Abstract Biased agonism describes the ability of ligands to stabilize different conformations of a GPCR linked to distinct functional outcomes and offers the prospect of designing pathway-specific drugs that avoid on-target side effects. This mechanism is usually inferred from pharmacological data with the assumption t... | 10.1038/nchembio.2431 | The first study to explicitly address the role of drug–receptor and receptor-signaling kinetics in biased agonism. |
10.1126/science.1232808 | 83,319,172 | Dissecting Serotonin Receptors Serotonin receptors are the targets for many widely used drugs prescribed to treat ailments from depression to obesity and migraine headaches (see the Perspective by Palczewski and Kiser ). C. Wang et al. (p. 610 , published online 21 March) and Wacker et al. (p. 615 , published online 21... | 10.1038/nchembio.2431 | The first study to provide high-resolution structural insights into the molecular mechanism of (long) agonist residence time and its implications for bias. |
10.1073/pnas.0906541106 | 61,867,507 | Although long regarded as a conduit for the degradation or recycling of cell surface receptors, the endosomal system is also an essential site of signal transduction. Activated receptors accumulate in endosomes, and certain signaling components are exclusively localized to endosomes. Receptors can continue to transmit ... | 10.1038/nchembio.2431 | One of the first studies to identify a new paradigm involving GPCR signaling that is internalized into endosomes. |
10.1126/science.212.4491.163 | 59,703,492 | As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies. Saturn's atmosphere has numerous, low-contrast, discrete cloud features and a pattern of circulation significantly different from that of Jupiter. Titan is shrou... | 10.1038/nature09215 | This instalment of Voyager ’s mind-bending ‘30-day’ reports that followed each planetary fly-by displayed Saturn’s surprisingly complex rings, described Titan’s atmosphere, and argued that some small satellites had been disrupted several times. |
10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105545 | 62,387,255 | Recent studies suggest the existence of a global atmospheric teleconnection of extratropical cooling to the tropical rainfall climate, mediated through the development of a thermal contrast between the hemispheres—an interhemispheric thermal gradient. This teleconnection has been largely motivated by studies that show ... | 10.1038/nature13636 | This paper reviews evidence for the dependence of the ITCZ position on the interhemispheric temperature contrast. |
10.1175/2009jas2924.1 | 20,861,369 | Abstract The response of tropical precipitation to extratropical thermal forcing is reexamined using an idealized moist atmospheric GCM that has no water vapor or cloud feedbacks, simplifying the analysis while retaining the aquaplanet configuration coupled to a slab ocean from the authors’ previous study. As in earlie... | 10.1038/nature13636 | This paper imposes cross-equatorial ocean energy transport in an idealized general circulation model and, following ref. 21, interprets ITCZ response through the atmosphere–ocean energy balance. |
10.1073/pnas.0509057102 | 109,172,754 | The Sahel, the transition zone between the Saharan desert and the rainforests of Central Africa and the Guinean Coast, experienced a severe drying trend from the 1950s to the 1980s, from which there has been partial recovery. Continuation of either the drying trend or the more recent ameliorating trend would have far-r... | 10.1038/nature13636 | This paper presents an overview of the mid-20th century Sahel drought, including its causes and predictions for the future. |
10.1126/science.1106296 | 41,724,294 | A 5-year-resolution absolute-dated oxygen isotope record from Dongge Cave, southern China, provides a continuous history of the Asian monsoon over the past 9000 years. Although the record broadly follows summer insolation, it is punctuated by eight weak monsoon events lasting ∼1 to 5 centuries. One correlates with the ... | 10.1038/nature13636 | This paper shows that Asian monsoon rainfall weakened over the past 8 kyr. |
10.1128/mcb.10.1.28 | 124,973,708 | The mouse H19 gene was identified as an abundant hepatic fetal-specific mRNA under the transcriptional control of a trans-acting locus termed raf. The protein this gene encoded was not apparent from an analysis of its nucleotide sequence, since the mRNA contained multiple translation termination signals in all three re... | 10.1038/nature10887 | This paper was the first report of a large ncRNA showing that the H19 transcript lacked conserved ORFs and did not make a protein product in vivo |
10.1126/science.1192002 | 62,245,632 | A Lot of HOTAIR The roles of several classes of small (<50 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs are beginning to be defined in molecular detail, whereas the function of most of the long (∼200+ nucleotides), intergenic noncoding (linc)RNAs found in most eukaryotic genomes remains something of a mystery. The HOTAIR lincRNA, wh... | 10.1038/nature10887 | This paper identified multiple protein-interaction domains within HOTAIR that together allowed it to carry out its function, which demonstrated that a large ncRNA can act as a molecular scaffold. |
10.1073/pnas.0403641101 | 20,033,175 | In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , distinct regions of the 1.2-kb telomerase RNA (TLC1) bind to the catalytic subunit Est2p and to accessory proteins. In particular, a bulged stem structure binds the essential regulatory subunit Est1p. We now show that the Est1p-binding domain of the RNA can be moved to three dist... | 10.1038/nature10887 | This paper demonstrated that telomerase RNA can bridge proteins by showing that protein interaction domains can be swapped and spacer regions deleted with minimal impact on the function of the RNA. |
10.1126/science.1245711 | 20,805,627 | Graphene oxide membranes allow only very small hydrated molecules and ions to pass with an accelerated transport rate. [Also see Perspective by Mi ] | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.18 | This is an experimental demonstration of molecular sieving through graphene oxide laminates, albeit with a size cut-off that is too large for desalination. |
10.1126/science.1090031 | 59,503,335 | Unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum cause trans-autophosphorylation of the bifunctional transmembrane kinase Ire1, which induces its endoribonuclease activity. The endoribonuclease initiates nonconventional splicing of HAC1 messenger RNAto trigger the unfolded-protein response (UPR). We explored the role of ... | 10.1038/nchembio.1664 | The first demonstration of the allosteric relationship between the kinase and RNase domains of IRE1. The authors found that an ATP-competitive inhibitor is able to activate IRE1's RNase domain in the absence of autophosphorylation. |
10.1073/pnas.1105564108 | 19,196,643 | As a key regulator of the unfolded protein response, the transcription factor XBP1 activates genes in protein secretory pathways and is required for the development of certain secretory cells. To elucidate the function of XBP1 in pancreatic β-cells, we generated β-cell-specific XBP1 mutant mice. Xbp1 f/f ;RIP-cre mice ... | 10.1038/nchembio.1664 | This manuscript showed that Xbp1 gene deletion in β cells of the endocrine pancreas caused compensatory IRE1α hyperactivation, leading to endonucleolytic decay of a number of ER-localized mRNAs that are normally needed to maintain β cell–differentiated identity and the ability to process and secrete insulin. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3006767 | 107,327,716 | Pharmacological inhibition of PERK, the key kinase of the unfolded protein response that mediates translational shutdown, restores protein synthesis in prion-infected mice, thus preventing neurodegeneration and clinical disease. | 10.1038/nchembio.1664 | This work showed that prion protein replication hyperactivates the UPR, leading to neuronal death. PERK inhibitors attenuated translational shutdown and reduced clinical prion disease in rodents. |
10.1261/rna.034207.112 | 40,130,801 | The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of Escherichia coli contains 24 methylated residues. A set of 22 methyltransferases responsible for modification of 23 residues has been described previously. Herein we report the identification of the yhiR gene as encoding the enzyme that modifies the 23S rRNA nucleotide A2030, the last methyl... | 10.1038/nchembio.2569 | With the work in ref. 6 , the list of E. coli rRNA methyltransferases is completed. It allows conducting a comprehensive analysis of the entire rRNA methylation system in the most studied model organism. |
10.1126/science.1212642 | 19,683,684 | A close-up view of the ribosome’s 79 proteins and 5500 RNA nucleotides. | 10.1038/nchembio.2569 | The study in ref. 20 reports the first crystal structure of the 80S ribosome from yeast S. cerevisiae |
10.1126/science.aal2415 | 40,626,851 | The yeast mitoribosome Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles that produce ATP, the energy source of the cell. They have dedicated ribosomes (mitoribosomes) that encode some of the membrane proteins that are essential to ATP production. Desai et al. present a high-resolution structure of the 75-component yeast mitoribo... | 10.1038/nchembio.2569 | The first two cryo-EM structures of the complete ribosomes from human and yeast mitochondria are reported in refs. 23 and 24, respectively. |
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06485.x | 100,314,278 | Summary While the general blueprint of ribosome biogenesis is evolutionarily conserved, most details have diverged considerably. A striking exception to this divergence is the universally conserved KsgA/Dim1p enzyme family, which modifies two adjacent adenosines in the terminal helix of small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRN... | 10.1038/nchembio.2569 | The study in ref. 56 reports the first evidence of the second function of KsgA methyltransferase as ribosome assembly factor. |
10.1073/pnas.1003988107 | 83,493,825 | Type 2 immunity is a stereotyped host response to allergens and parasitic helminths that is sustained in large part by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Recent advances have called attention to the contributions by innate cells in initiating adaptive immunity, including a novel lineage-negative population of cells that sec... | 10.1038/nature14189 | This article and refs 8 and 9 provide three seminal reports identifying murine ILC2s that produce type 2 cytokines and contribute to anti-helminth immunity and type 2 inflammation. |
10.1126/science.1222551 | 62,632,553 | Protecting Against a Barrier Breach In order to coexist peacefully, a “firewall” exists that keeps the commensal bacteria that reside in our intestines and associated lymphoid tissue contained. Several diseases and infections, however, lead to a breach in this barrier, which leads to chronic inflammation and pathology.... | 10.1038/nature14189 | This report identifies a crucial role for ILC3s in regulating host–microbiota interactions. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3004812 | 125,078,991 | The pro-resolving mediator lipoxin A 4 regulates natural killer cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells in severe asthma. | 10.1038/nature14189 | This is one of the only reports to describe a factor or pathway that limits ILC2 function. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3004140 | 79,685,549 | Daclizumab inhibition of inflammation in human autoimmunity is associated with blockade of lymphoid tissue inducer cell development. | 10.1038/nature14189 | This paper identifies that targeting pathways that regulate ILCs, such as IL-2 signalling, can be efficacious in treating diseases associated with aberrant ILC responses. |
10.1126/science.2218526 | 81,298,187 | Since 1979, a continuing study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, separated in infancy and reared apart, has subjected more than 100 sets of reared-apart twins or triplets to a week of intensive psychological and physiological assessment. Like the prior, smaller studies of monozygotic twins reared apart, about 70% of ... | 10.1038/nature09230 | This landmark study in human research challenges ideas about the importance of environment on several physical and psychological traits, which were investigated in pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins who had been reared apart and together. |
10.1126/science.1250169 | 104,058,397 | When mounted on the skin, modern sensors, circuits, radios, and power supply systems have the potential to provide clinical-quality health monitoring capabilities for continuous use, beyond the confines of traditional hospital or laboratory facilities. The most well-developed component technologies are, however, broadl... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.16 | A seminal paper that reports the development of soft microfluidics and applications in flexible sensors. |
10.1073/pnas.1100356108 | 41,544,877 | Although microfluidics has shown exciting potential, its broad applications are significantly limited by drawbacks of the materials used to make them. In this work, we present a convenient strategy for fabricating whole-Teflon microfluidic chips with integrated valves that show outstanding inertness to various chemical... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.16 | The first report on methods that can be used to fabricate microfluidic devices made entirely of thermoplastic materials. |
10.1002/anie.201504382 | 62,217,504 | Abstract The advent of soft lithography allowed for an unprecedented expansion in the field of microfluidics. However, the vast majority of PDMS microfluidic devices are still made with extensive manual labor, are tethered to bulky control systems, and have cumbersome user interfaces, which all render commercialization... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.16 | A critical review on the adoption of the 3D printing strategy for the fabrication of microfluidic devices. |
10.1073/pnas.0810903105 | 123,013,328 | This article describes a method for fabricating 3D microfluidic devices by stacking layers of patterned paper and double-sided adhesive tape. Paper-based 3D microfluidic devices have capabilities in microfluidics that are difficult to achieve using conventional open-channel microsystems made from glass or polymers. In ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.16 | One of the first demonstrations of disposable paper-based microfluidic devices. |
10.1126/science.aac9582 | 38,379,738 | Crystal nuclei beaten to the punch Amorphous nanoparticles often dissolve more rapidly than their crystalline counterparts, which can be useful in applications such as drug delivery. Amstad et al. made amorphous nanoparticles from organic and inorganic compounds—even table salt—using droplets of dissolved compounds cre... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.16 | The fabrication of nanoparticles using a microfluidic nebulator featuring a multistage supersonic spray-drying process. |
10.1073/pnas.1509224112 | 38,341,499 | Mixing of complex fluids at low Reynolds number is fundamental for a broad range of applications, including materials assembly, microfluidics, and biomedical devices. Of these materials, yield stress fluids (and gels) pose the most significant challenges, especially when they must be mixed in low volumes over short tim... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.16 | Design of a microfluidic printhead containing an embedded impeller that actively mixes multiple fluids for printing gradient structures. |
10.1126/science.2646716 | 39,318,821 | Primary and secondary protium-to-tritium (H/T) and deuterium-to-tritium (D/T) kinetic isotope effects for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) at 25 degrees Celsius have been determined. Previous studies showed that this reaction is nearly or fully rate limited... | 10.1038/nchembio.204 | This was the first clear demonstration of significant room temperature tunneling in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
10.1073/pnas.0710643105 | 40,346,978 | This study examines the impact of a series of mutations at position 553 on the kinetic and structural properties of soybean lipoxygenase-1 (SLO-1). The previously uncharacterized mutants reported herein are I553L, I553V, and I553G. High-resolution x-ray studies of these mutants, together with the earlier studied I553A,... | 10.1038/nchembio.204 | A distal mutation in SLO produced temperature-dependent KIEs. X-ray structures of the mutant enzymes showed no changes, implying that dynamical changes are required to account for the kinetic behavior |
10.1098/rstb.2006.1871 | 60,476,395 | Residues M42 and G121 of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase ( ec DHFR) are on opposite sides of the catalytic centre (15 and 19 Å away from it, respectively). Theoretical studies have suggested that these distal residues might be part of a dynamics network coupled to the reaction catalysed at the active site. The... | 10.1038/nchembio.204 | A distal mutation in DHFR led to temperature-dependent KIEs. This was surprising because of the distance between a relatively conservative M-W mutation and the active site of the enzyme |
10.1038/ncomms12081 | 122,429,665 | Abstract Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria supplies critical bioavailable nitrogen to marine ecosystems worldwide; however, field and lab data have demonstrated it to be limited by iron, phosphorus and/or CO 2 . To address unknown future interactions among these factors, we grew the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Tric... | 10.1038/nclimate3147 | Examines the unique physiologies and proteomes of iron and phosphorus co-limited Trichodesmium and their interactions with adaptation to high CO 2 |
10.5194/bg-6-3131-2009 | 58,613,372 | Abstract. Iron availability and temperature are important limiting factors for the biota in many areas of the world ocean, and both have been predicted to change in future climate scenarios. However, the impacts of combined changes in these two key factors on microbial trophic dynamics and nutrient cycling are unknown.... | 10.1038/nclimate3147 | Demonstrates the markedly nonlinear responses of a Ross Sea diatom community to the interactive effects of iron and warming. |
10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1475 | 57,498,534 | We examined effects of light intensity, photoperiod, and temperature on iron uptake rates, cellular iron : carbon (Fe : C) ratios, chlorophyll a , and specific growth rate in the coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana . Decreasing any of these variables decreased growth and increased the cellular Fe : C ratio needed t... | 10.1038/nclimate3147 | Shows that diatom iron use efficiency increases as a function of temperature and light. |
10.1038/ncomms8777 | 103,771,480 | Abstract Establishing the appropriate theoretical framework for unconventional superconductivity in the iron-based materials requires correct understanding of both the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces. This fundamental issue becomes especially relevant with the discovery of the iron chalcoge... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.17 | Angle-resolved photoemission measurements provide evidence for strong and orbital-selective electron correlations in iron chalcogenides. |
10.1126/science.1221713 | 82,693,066 | Lattice Trailing the Electrons Superconducting order recedes with decreased chemical doping in a typical iron-based superconductor family. Thus, the symmetry of the material is broken by almost simultaneous antiferromagnetic and structural phase transitions. However, some pnictides also exhibit an electronic nematic tr... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.17 | An experimental study of resistivity anisotropy in the presence of an uniaxial strain, demonstrating that the structural transition is driven by electronic nematicity. |
10.1073/pnas.0900886106 | 39,658,983 | Two major themes in the physics of condensed matter are quantum critical phenomena and unconventional superconductivity. These usually occur in the context of competing interactions in systems of strongly correlated electrons. All this interesting physics comes together in the behavior of the recently discovered iron p... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.17 | Theoretical proposal for quantum criticality in iron pnictides and for its realization by isoelectronic phosphorus for arsenic substitution in iron arsenides. |
10.5194/esd-5-117-2014 | 122,038,532 | Abstract. A primary goal of Earth system modelling is to improve understanding of the interactions and feedbacks between human decision making and biophysical processes. The nexus of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and the climate system is an important example. LULCC contributes to global and regional climate c... | 10.1038/nclimate2250 | This paper is the outcome of a community effort that brought together the natural, economic and social sciences to provide a review of the current state-of-the art of global land-use change modelling; the main challenges and ways forward to address them. |
10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x | 83,286,599 | This article presents an agentic theory of human development, adaptation, and change. The evolutionary emergence of advanced symbolizing capacity enabled humans to transcend the dictates of their immediate environment and made them unique in their power to shape their life circumstances and the courses their lives take... | 10.1038/nclimate2250 | The paper summarises the important properties of human agency, including core aspects related to planning, decision making and adaptation as fundamental, endogeneous traits of people within social systems. |
10.1142/s2010007817500099 | 102,324,240 | The social cost of carbon (SCC) is a monetary estimate of global climate change damages to society from an additional unit of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. SCCs are used to estimate the benefits of CO 2 reductions from policies. However, little is known about the modeling underlying the values or the implied societ... | 10.1038/nclimate3411 | An in-depth examination of the DICE, FUND and PAGE integrated assessment models used by the US Government to estimate the social cost of carbon with detailed decomposition and comparison of intermediate results. |
10.1073/pnas.1312330110 | 104,099,722 | The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project offers a framework to compare climate impact projections in different sectors and at different scales. Consistent climate and socio-economic input data provide the basis for a cross-sectoral integration of impact projections. The project is designed to enable quan... | 10.1038/nclimate3411 | Example of recent multisector coordinated modeling initiative using standardized scenarios and input assumptions. |
10.1257/jel.52.3.740 | 62,328,150 | A rapidly growing body of research applies panel methods to examine how temperature, precipitation, and windstorms influence economic outcomes. These studies focus on changes in weather realizations over time within a given spatial area and demonstrate impacts on agricultural output, industrial output, labor productivi... | 10.1038/nclimate3411 | Comprehensive review of the growing empirical literature on weather effects using panel data, with implications for economic research. |
10.1126/science.aal4369 | 83,493,888 | Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimat... | 10.1038/nclimate3411 | Recent multisector assessment of US climate damages at high spatial resolution of both physical and economic impacts, with a focus on empirical support for sectoral damage functions. |
10.1073/pnas.1503890112 | 39,058,746 | Most current cost−benefit analyses of climate change policies suggest an optimal global climate policy that is significantly less stringent than the level required to meet the internationally agreed 2 °C target. This is partly because the sum of estimated economic damage of climate change across various sectors, such a... | 10.1038/nclimate3411 | Example of recent advances using stochastic dynamic programming to model uncertain climate thresholds with an endogenous hazard rate and incorporate catastrophic uncertainty into IAMs. |
10.1073/pnas.1505728112 | 62,544,497 | Among the “beyond Li-ion” battery chemistries, nonaqueous Li–O 2 batteries have the highest theoretical specific energy and, as a result, have attracted significant research attention over the past decade. A critical scientific challenge facing nonaqueous Li–O 2 batteries is the electronically insulating nature of the ... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.128 | This paper, along with refs 21 and 22, demonstrated that the salt anion can promote a solution-based mechanism during discharge. |
10.1063/1.4773242 | 16,865,126 | We develop a density functional theory model for the electrochemical growth and dissolution of Li2O2 on various facets, terminations, and sites (terrace, steps, and kinks) of a Li2O2 surface. We argue that this is a reasonable model to describe discharge and charge of Li-O2 batteries over most of the discharge-charge c... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.128 | This paper provided theoretical evidence for low overpotentials for O2 evolution from Li2O2 surfaces. |
10.1002/aenm.201400867 | 104,120,281 | A new lithium‐ether‐derived chelate ionic liquid is synthesized to serve as an electrolyte for the Li‐O 2 battery that is stable to metallic lithium, and whose ethereal framework is much more inherently stable to superoxide‐initiated hydrogen abstraction than the simple glyme, dimethoxyethane (DME). Reactions of chemic... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.128 | A method of stabilizing ethers was presented by replacement of the reactive protons with methyl groups. |
10.1063/1.3663385 | 62,543,927 | Non-aqueous Li-air or Li-O2 cells show considerable promise as a very high energy density battery couple. Such cells, however, show sudden death at capacities far below their theoretical capacity and this, among other problems, limits their practicality. In this paper, we show that this sudden death arises from limited... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.128 | This paper reported that Li2O2-induced cathode passivation limits Li–O2 battery capacity. |
10.1126/science.281.5373.108 | 62,272,789 | Mutations in the gene encoding the homeobox transcription factor NKX2-5 were found to cause nonsyndromic, human congenital heart disease. A dominant disease locus associated with cardiac malformations and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities was mapped to chromosome 5q35, where NKX2-5 , a Drosophila tinman homolog... | 10.1038/nature06801 | This paper describes the first single-gene defect identified in non-syndromic congenital heart disease and directly links an important developmental regulator to disease. |
10.1126/science.1169494 | 20,871,148 | We report a strategy to create photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)–based hydrogels through rapid polymerization of cytocompatible macromers for remote manipulation of gel properties in situ. Postgelation control of the gel properties was demonstrated to introduce temporal changes, creation of arbitrarily shaped featu... | 10.1038/nature08602 | This paper presents a powerful method of influencing stem-cell fate by locally manipulating the biochemical and biophysical properties of a 3D hydrogel matrix. |
10.1126/science.1130258 | 41,561,474 | We used nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation dispersion to characterize higher energy conformational substates of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. Each intermediate in the catalytic cycle samples low-lying excited states whose conformations resemble the ground-state structures of preceding and following inter... | 10.1038/nchembio.232 | This study suggests that every functional intermediate of dihydrofolate reductase fluctuates into a higher energy conformation that is structurally similar to the next and/or previous complex in the catalytic cycle |
10.1126/science.1157092 | 122,973,471 | Protein dynamics are essential for protein function, and yet it has been challenging to access the underlying atomic motions in solution on nanosecond-to-microsecond time scales. We present a structural ensemble of ubiquitin, refined against residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), comprising solution dynamics up to microsec... | 10.1038/nchembio.232 | This report presents an NMR-derived conformational ensemble of ubiquitin that encompasses all the crystallographically determined conformations of ubiquitin |
10.1126/science.1097064 | 40,757,976 | Interaction of regulatory DNA binding proteins with their target sites is usually preceded by binding to nonspecific DNA. This speeds up the search for the target site by several orders of magnitude. We report the solution structure and dynamics of the complex of a dimeric lac repressor DNA binding domain with nonspeci... | 10.1038/nchembio.232 | This study compares the structure and dynamics of the lac repressor headpiece when bound to cognate versus noncognate DNA, and demonstrates that the underlying energy landscapes are distinct |
10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00234.x | 107,957,245 | Abstract We show that Eddington-limited black hole luminosities can be sufficient to deplete a galaxy bulge of gas through radiation pressure, when the ionization state of the gas and the presence of dust are properly taken into account. Once feedback starts to be effective it can consistently drive all the gas out of ... | 10.1038/nature08135 | Assuming that the growth of the black hole is limited by radiation pressure feedback yields the observed relation M BH ∝ σ 4 |
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11939.x | 97,830,700 | Abstract By combining the REFLEX and NORAS cluster data sets with the NVSS radio catalogue, we obtain a sample of 145, z &lt; 0.3, X-ray-selected clusters brighter than 3 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 that show a central radio emission above 3 mJy. For virial masses Mvir≲ 1014.5 M⊙, 11 clusters out of 12 (corresponding to 9... | 10.1038/nature08135 | The entropy of the intracluster medium is higher in clusters with extended radio sources. |
10.1126/science.1133795 | 101,394,395 | Likelihood analyses of 1176 fossil assemblages of marine organisms from Phanerozoic (i.e., Cambrian to Recent) assemblages indicate a shift in typical relative-abundance distributions after the Paleozoic. Ecological theory associated with these abundance distributions implies that complex ecosystems are far more common... | 10.1038/nature16160 | A key example of the profound potential of mass extinctions to permanently shift the structure of ecosystems |
10.1126/science.1215855 | 103,536,357 | Environmental Determinism? Earth's millions of species influence a wide range of environmental processes, including elemental cycling, the stability of ecosystems, and the goods and services they provide. Naeem et al. (p. 1401 ) review recent advances in the young and evolving field of biodiversity and ecosystem functi... | 10.1038/nature16160 | A review of the multifarious impacts that a change in ecosystem structure can have on ecosystem function |
10.1126/science.1255641 | 83,032,084 | Marine animals are disappearing, too The loss of animal species in terrestrial environments has been well documented and is continuing. Loss of species in marine environments has been slower than in terrestrial systems, but appears to be increasing rapidly. McCauley et al. review the recent patterns of species decline ... | 10.1038/nature16160 | The proximate trigger for one of us (P.M.H.) to begin pondering the importance of rarity during events of geological proportion |
10.1073/pnas.102163299 | 61,883,269 | Because many survivors of mass extinctions do not participate in postrecovery diversifications, and therefore fall into a pattern that can be termed “Dead Clade Walking” (DCW), the effects of mass extinctions extend beyond the losses observed during the event itself. Analyses at two taxonomic levels provide a first-ord... | 10.1038/nature16160 | The first detailed documentation of the importance of delayed extinctions across mass extinction boundaries |
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