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10.1073/pnas.0802812105 | 39,948,698 | The great mass extinctions of the fossil record were a major creative force that provided entirely new kinds of opportunities for the subsequent explosive evolution and diversification of surviving clades. Today, the synergistic effects of human impacts are laying the groundwork for a comparably great Anthropocene mass... | 10.1038/nature16160 | A compelling case for ecological rarity in resetting ecosystems in the brave new oceans of the Anthropocene |
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00933.x | 83,357,363 | Abstract The recent mass mortality of Caribbean reef corals dramatically altered reef community structure and begs the question of the past stability and persistence of coral assemblages before human disturbance began. We report within habitat stability in coral community composition in the Pleistocene fossil record of... | 10.1038/nature16160 | An elegant examination of resilience and collapse in coral reef communities, and an example of the potential of the fossil record to inform questions of conservation biology |
10.1116/1.3274060 | 98,762,364 | The surface interactions of exploring cyprids of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides were studied in situ using imaging surface plasmon resonance. It was demonstrated how the deposition of a proteinaceous adhesive could be followed in real time as the cyprids explored and temporarily attached to a surface. Furthermore,... | 10.1038/ncomms1251 | Novel application of iSPR to study the deposition of adhesive 'footprints' of barnacle larvae as they explore surfaces with different physico-chemical properties, in situ and in real time |
10.1098/rsif.2009.0127 | 64,122,727 | Barnacles are a major biofouler of man-made underwater structures. Prior to settlement, cypris larvae explore surfaces by reversible attachment effected by a ‘temporary adhesive’. During this exploratory behaviour, cyprids deposit proteinaceous ‘footprints’ of a putatively adhesive material. In this study, footprints d... | 10.1038/ncomms1251 | First application of AFM to study the mechanical properties of the temporary footprint adhesive deposited by barnacle larvae as they explore surfaces |
10.1126/science.1120972 | 82,369,498 | Mice experiencing repeated aggression develop a long-lasting aversion to social contact, which can be normalized by chronic, but not acute, administration of antidepressant. Using viral-mediated, mesolimbic dopamine pathway–specific knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we showed that BDNF is required ... | 10.1038/nature07455 | By using the social-defeat model, this paper characterizes the potent, pro-depressant effects of BDNF in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which is opposite to the well-described antidepressant-like effects of BDNF in hippocampal circuits. |
10.1126/science.1144400 | 58,357,525 | The hippocampus is one of several brain areas thought to play a central role in affective behaviors, but the underlying local network dynamics are not understood. We used quantitative voltage-sensitive dye imaging to probe hippocampal dynamics with millisecond resolution in brain slices after bidirectional modulation o... | 10.1038/nature07455 | This study uses quantitative voltage-sensitive dye imaging to explore the contribution of antidepressant-induced neurogenesis to local hippocampal network dynamics. |
10.1038/jcbfm.2009.259 | 20,261,680 | Recently, a universal, simple, and fail-safe mechanism has been proposed by which cerebral blood flow (CBF) might be coupled to oxygen metabolism during neuronal activation without the need for any tissue-based mechanism. According to this concept, vasodilation occurs by local erythrocytic release of nitric oxide or AT... | 10.1038/nature09613 | Challenges brain slice data showing that high [O 2 ] converts dilations seen at physiological [O 2 ] into constrictions. |
10.1073/pnas.0909711107 | 19,187,830 | The purpose of this study was to investigate activation-induced hypermetabolism and hyperemia by using a multifrequency (4, 8, and 16 Hz) reversing-checkerboard visual stimulation paradigm. Specifically, we sought to ( i ) quantify the relative contributions of the oxidative and nonoxidative metabolic pathways in meeti... | 10.1038/nature09613 | Important quantification of the relative magnitudes of stimulus-induced changes in blood flow, O 2 use and ATP generation. |
10.1038/jcbfm.2009.73 | 60,135,324 | Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is associated with a dramatic failure of brain ion homeostasis and increased energy metabolism. There is strong clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that CSD is the mechanism of migraine, and involved in progressive neuronal injury in stroke and head trauma. Here we tested t... | 10.1038/nature09613 | Quantifies changes in energy use, blood flow and neurovascular coupling after spreading depression. |
10.1073/pnas.0708823105 | 121,861,517 | The increase in blood flow evoked by synaptic activity is essential for normal brain function and underlies functional brain imaging signals. Nitric oxide, a vasodilator released by NMDA receptor activation, is critical for the flow increase, but the factors linking NMDA receptor activity to nitric oxide-dependent hype... | 10.1038/nature09613 | Suggests that tPA, as used clinically to clear clots from blocked vessels, has a role in neurovascular coupling. |
10.1186/1752-0509-4-35 | 102,722,054 | Abstract Background There have been several methods developed for the prediction of synthetic metabolic pathways leading to the production of desired chemicals. In these approaches, novel pathways were predicted based on chemical structure changes, enzymatic information, and/or reaction mechanisms, but the approaches g... | 10.1038/nchembio.970 | This study reports development of a prediction tool for evaluating new synthetic pathways for the production of alcohols, 3-hydroxypropanoate and butyryl-CoA. |
10.1073/pnas.1006138107 | 83,248,282 | A common strategy of metabolic engineering is to increase the endogenous supply of precursor metabolites to improve pathway productivity. The ability to further enhance heterologous production of a desired compound may be limited by the inherent capacity of the imported pathway to accommodate high precursor supply. Her... | 10.1038/nchembio.970 | This study optimizes geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase and levopimaradiene synthase by enzyme evolution and active site mutations, respectively, for the overproduction of levopimaradiene in E. coli |
10.1126/science.1191652 | 123,164,311 | Toward Microbial Taxol Taxol, a minor chemical constituent of yew tree bark, has provided a potent cancer treatment. Production methods presently rely on plant cell cultures. Ajikumar et al. (p. 70 ; see the Perspective by Liu and Khosla ) engineered Escherichia coli cells to produce a key taxol precursor, in which the... | 10.1038/nchembio.970 | A multivariate-modular approach for optimizing metabolic fluxes via the methylerythritol-phosphate and terpenoid-forming pathways for enhanced production of a taxol precursor. |
10.1126/science.1083440 | 20,715,485 | Metal-organic framework-5 (MOF-5) of composition Zn 4 O(BDC) 3 (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with a cubic three-dimensional extended porous structure adsorbed hydrogen up to 4.5 weight percent (17.2 hydrogen molecules per formula unit) at 78 kelvin and 1.0 weight percent at room temperature and pressure of 20 bar. I... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.59 | This is the pioneering work in which MOFs were first used as an efficient physisorbent for storing H2. |
10.1073/pnas.0702737104 | 83,405,079 | The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the largest human contributor to human-induced climate change, is increasing rapidly. Three processes contribute to this rapid increase. Two of these processes concern emissions. Recent growth of the world economy combined with an increase in its carbon intensity h... | 10.1038/ncomms6282 | One of the first analyses suggesting the decline in efficiency of natural CO 2 sinks in removing atmospheric CO 2 |
10.5194/essd-6-235-2014 | 61,431,846 | Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data s... | 10.1038/ncomms6282 | The most comprehensive and methdologically detailed assessment of the global carbon sources and sinks from human activities and their mass conservation balance |
10.1017/cbo9781107415416 | 62,593,213 | This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atm... | 10.1038/ncomms6282 | A comprehensive assessment of the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) potential including both supply and demand |
10.1126/science.1152747 | 20,629,086 | Increasing energy use, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from fossil fuels make switching to low-carbon fuels a high priority. Biofuels are a potential low-carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or... | 10.1038/ncomms6282 | Reveals that climate benefits decline or disappear for decades to over a century when using bioenergy crops that replace native ecosystems |
10.1073/pnas.1100480108 | 41,670,591 | A central challenge for sustainability is how to preserve forest ecosystems and the services that they provide us while enhancing food production. This challenge for developing countries confronts the force of economic globalization, which seeks cropland that is shrinking in availability and triggers deforestation. Fou... | 10.1038/ncomms6282 | Provides a global analysis of land use change drivers and shows how globalization can be used to improve land use efficiency and sustainability |
10.1126/science.3103217 | 20,482,366 | An accelerated rate of glucose transport is among the most characteristic biochemical markers of cellular transformation. To study the molecular mechanism by which transporter activity is altered, cultured rodent fibroblasts transfected with activated myc , ras , or src oncogenes were used. In myc -transfected cells, t... | 10.1038/nature22379 | This paper reports the first link between oncogenic Ras and Src variants and increased glucose transporter expression, providing a molecular association between cellular transformation and enhanced glucose uptake |
10.1091/mbc.01-12-0584 | 61,677,276 | In multicellular organisms, constituent cells depend on extracellular signals for growth, proliferation, and survival. When cells are withdrawn from growth factors, they undergo apoptosis. Expression of constitutively active forms of the serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB can prevent apoptosis upon growth factor withdrawa... | 10.1038/nature22379 | This paper shows that Akt promotes survival of mammalian cells in part by maintaining plasma membrane presentation of a variety of nutrient transporters and endocytic receptors of nutrient carriers |
10.1083/jcb.200703099 | 18,025,212 | The idea that conversion of glucose to ATP is an attractive target for cancer therapy has been supported in part by the observation that glucose deprivation induces apoptosis in rodent cells transduced with the proto-oncogene MYC, but not in the parental line. Here, we found that depletion of glucose killed normal huma... | 10.1038/nature22379 | This paper is one of the first studies to demonstrate both the importance of glutamine for cell survival and the role of Myc overexpression in causing cellular glutamine addiction |
10.1161/circresaha.116.302953 | 82,333,650 | Formation of arterial vasculature, here termed arteriogenesis, is a central process in embryonic vascular development as well as in adult tissues. Although the process of capillary formation, angiogenesis, is relatively well understood, much remains to be learned about arteriogenesis. Recent discoveries point to the ke... | 10.1038/ncomms14361 | Wnt, Notch and VEGF signaling promote arterial endothelial cell identity; however, the molecular role(s) of each pathway, and their interactions, during phenotypic specialization is not clear |
10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-3127 | 122,984,059 | Abstract Activated fibroblasts are associated with many different tumors. Myofibroblasts, activated fibroblasts, and perivascular mesenchymal cells such as pericytes play a role in cancer progression. Many studies suggest that myofibroblasts facilitate tumor growth and cancer progression. The source for myofibroblasts ... | 10.1038/ncomms14361 | This study explains the role of EndMT in cancer pathogenesis |
10.1083/jcb.200707031 | 122,989,472 | Endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) proteins function in multivesicular body biogenesis and viral budding. They are recruited from the cytoplasm to the membrane, where they assemble into large complexes. We used “deep-etch” electron microscopy to examine polymers formed by the ESCRT-III pro... | 10.1038/nature07961 | By using deep-etch electron microscopy of the plasma membrane of cells overexpressing ESCRT subunits, this paper provides spectacular images suggesting that membrane deformation is driven by circular arrays of Vps32 multimers. |
10.1126/science.1165322 | 123,100,539 | Archaea are prokaryotic organisms that lack endomembrane structures. However, a number of hyperthermophilic members of the Kingdom Crenarchaea , including members of the Sulfolobus genus, encode homologs of the eukaryotic endosomal sorting system components Vps4 and ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for tra... | 10.1038/nature07961 | This paper shows that ESCRT-III and Vps4 function in cell division in the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius |
10.1242/dev.02654 | 67,564,675 | Recently, an alternative route to the proteasomal protein-degradation pathway was discovered that specifically targets transmembrane proteins marked with a single ubiquitin to the endosomal multivesicular body (MVB) and,subsequently, to the vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (animals), where they are degraded by proteases. Vp... | 10.1038/nature07961 | This is the first demonstration that ESCRT proteins are involved in cytokinesis. |
10.1126/science.1143422 | 29,187,631 | During cytokinesis, as dividing animal cells pull apart into two daughter cells, the final stage, termed abscission, requires breakage of the midbody, a thin membranous stalk connecting the daughter cells. This membrane fission event topologically resembles the budding of viruses, such as HIV-1, from infected cells. We... | 10.1038/nature07961 | This paper provides the first demonstration that ESCRT proteins are involved in mammalian cytokinesis and identifies CEP55 as a key recruiter of ESCRTs to the midbody. |
10.1073/pnas.97.12.6298 | 41,284,447 | De novo protein design provides an attractive approach for the construction of models to probe the features required for function of complex metalloproteins. The metal-binding sites of many metalloproteins lie between multiple elements of secondary structure, inviting a retrostructural approach to constructing minimal ... | 10.1038/nature08304 | This paper reports the use of a novel method to design functional metalloproteins that do not contain haem. |
10.1073/pnas.0737308100 | 123,303,107 | To probe the role of copper and protons in heme-copper oxidase (HCO), we have performed kinetic studies on an engineered heme-copper center in sperm whale myoglobin (Leu-29 → His/Phe-43 → His, called Cu B Mb) that closely mimics the heme-copper center in HCO. In the absence of metal ions, the engineered Cu B center in ... | 10.1038/nature08304 | This paper presents a good illustration of the role of secondary coordination spheres, such as proton networks, in metalloprotein design. |
10.1073/pnas.96.3.899 | 58,874,960 | The recent expression of an azurin mutant where the blue type 1 copper site is replaced by the purple Cu A site of Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c oxidase has yielded an optimal system for examining the unique electron mediation properties of the binuclear Cu A center, because both type 1 and Cu A centers are pla... | 10.1038/nature08304 | This paper presents an excellent demonstration of the power of metalloprotein design to place two metal-binding sites into the same protein scaffold for direct comparison of functional properties. |
10.1002/aenm.201600218 | 19,857,102 | Batteries for high temperature applications capable of withstanding over 60 °C are still dominated by primary cells. Conventional rechargeable energy storage technologies which have exceptional performance at ambient temperatures employ volatile electrolytes and soft separators, resulting in catastrophic failure under ... | 10.1038/nenergy.2017.108 | This work demonstrates that ionic liquids can allow Li-ion batteries to operate from room temperature to at least 150 °C, with relatively high coulombic efficiencies. |
10.1126/science.1251102 | 62,662,273 | T Cells for Epithelial Tumors Malignant tumors harbor genetic alterations. Recently, adoptive T cell therapies have taken advantage of this: T cells specific for mutations in tumors are infused into patients to generate an antitumor immune response. Although therapeutic benefit has been seen for melanomas, effectivenes... | 10.1038/nature21349 | This paper shows that adoptive T-cell therapy using T cells specific for a single mutant neoantigen can lead to evidence of therapeutic benefit. |
10.1126/science.1240527 | 83,476,534 | The Microbiota Makes for Good Therapy The gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of some cancers, such as colorectal cancer, but—given the important role our intestinal habitants play in metabolism—they may also modulate the efficacy of certain cancer therapeutics. Iida et al. (p. 967 ) evaluated the imp... | 10.1038/nature21349 | Together with ref. 111 this paper demonstrates that the response to chemotherapy in mice is linked to the presence of a functional gut microbiome. |
10.1126/science.aac4255 | 20,795,570 | Gut microbes affect immunotherapy The unleashing of antitumor T cell responses has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. Although these therapies can cause dramatic tumor regressions in some patients, many patients inexplicably see no benefit. Mice have been used in two studies to investigate what might be happenin... | 10.1038/nature21349 | Together with ref. 112 this paper demonstrates that the response to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy are linked to the gut microbiome. |
10.1073/pnas.88.6.2083 | 42,613,696 | The cerebral cortex is divisible into a number of cytoarchitectonic areas, but developmental mechanisms that regulate their number and size remain unknown. Here we provide evidence that reducing the population of selected thalamic fibers projecting into the primary visual cortex (area 17) of monkeys during midgestation... | 10.1038/ncomms16042 | This article provides the first description of a cytoarchitecturally abnormal area following lesions to the sense organs (enucleation) in monkeys |
10.1126/science.179.4071.395 | 104,288,701 | In mouse somatosensory cortex there are discrete cytoarchitectonic units, called "barrels." Each barrel is related to one sensory vibrissa on the muzzle. Individual vibrissae were carefully injured at birth; 12 to 43 days later, the corresponding barrels proved to be absent. Evidently the sensory periphery has an impor... | 10.1038/ncomms16042 | This article first showed that removing whiskers during development leads to disappearance of corresponding barrels in the primary somatosensory cortex in mice |
10.1126/science.1232806 | 45,492,858 | Studies of area patterning of the neocortex have focused on primary areas, concluding that the primary visual area, V1, is specified by transcription factors (TFs) expressed by progenitors. Mechanisms that determine higher-order visual areas (V HO ) and distinguish them from V1 are unknown. We demonstrated a requiremen... | 10.1038/ncomms16042 | This article shows that thalamocortical input is necessary for the differentation of the primary visual cortex |
10.1126/science.1064252 | 4,579,897 | A classic model proposes that the mammalian neocortex is divided into areas early in neurogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms that generate the area map have been elusive. Here we provide evidence that FGF8 regulates development of the map from a source in the anterior telencephalon. Using electroporation-mediated ge... | 10.1038/ncomms16042 | This article reveals that exogenous expression of FGF8 leads to constitution of an additional primary somatosensory area which develops along a corresponding molecular gradient |
10.1126/science.1259657 | 103,749,897 | Evolution of Ebola virus over time The high rate of mortality in the current Ebola epidemic has made it difficult for researchers to collect samples of the virus and study its evolution. Gire et al. describe Ebola epidemiology on the basis of 99 whole-genome sequences, including samples from 78 affected individuals. Th... | 10.1038/nature19790 | Obtained the first large-scale, near-real-time EBOV genomic data from 78 patients in Sierra Leone, which provided critical insights into virus spread during the early stages of the epidemic. |
10.1126/sciadv.1600378 | 30,024,760 | On 29 June 2015, Liberia’s respite from Ebola virus disease (EVD) was interrupted for the second time by a renewed outbreak (“flare-up”) of seven confirmed cases. We demonstrate that, similar to the March 2015 flare-up associated with sexual transmission, this new flare-up was a reemergence of a Liberian transmission c... | 10.1038/nature19790 | Using EBOV sequencing from seven EVD cases collected during a ‘flare-up’ in Liberia, this study investigates how these cases were linked to individuals who had survived EVD and carried the virus as a persistent asymptomatic infection. |
10.1002/anie.200300626 | 20,432,229 | Abstract In contrast to target‐oriented synthesis (TOS) and medicinal or combinatorial chemistry, which aim to access precise or dense regions of chemistry space, diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) populates chemical space broadly with small‐molecules having diverse structures. The goals of DOS include the development ... | 10.1038/ncomms1081 | A seminal introduction to diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and a discussion of various planning strategies in DOS |
10.1002/anie.200703073 | 20,712,635 | Abstract The development of effective small‐molecule probes and drugs entails at least three stages: 1) a discovery phase, often requiring the synthesis and screening of candidate compounds, 2) an optimization phase, requiring the synthesis and analysis of structural variants, 3) and a manufacturing phase, requiring th... | 10.1038/ncomms1081 | A useful introduction to the build-couple-pair strategy, a common strategic feature in many DOS pathways |
10.1073/pnas.1423555112 | 39,970,400 | The monoterpene indole alkaloids are a large group of plant-derived specialized metabolites, many of which have valuable pharmaceutical or biological activity. There are ∼3,000 monoterpene indole alkaloids produced by thousands of plant species in numerous families. The diverse chemical structures found in this metabol... | 10.1038/nchembio.2308 | The first de novo microbial production of a monoterpene indole alkaloid, strictosidine, from a simple carbon source. |
10.1126/science.aac9373 | 104,265,158 | Toward opioids without poppy fields Producing opioids without having to depend on field-grown poppies would be of great benefit. Synthetic production could potentially produce more-effective drugs with fewer side effects. Now, Galanie et al. have engineered yeast to produce the opioid compounds thebaine and hydrocodone... | 10.1038/nchembio.2308 | The first de novo production of opioids in yeast with the production of thebaine and the semisynthetic drug hydrocodone from a simple carbon source. |
10.1038/ncomms10390 | 83,422,485 | Abstract Opiates such as morphine and codeine are mainly obtained by extraction from opium poppies. Fermentative opiate production in microbes has also been investigated, and complete biosynthesis of opiates from a simple carbon source has recently been accomplished in yeast. Here we demonstrate that Escherichia coli s... | 10.1038/nchembio.2308 | The first total biosynthesis of opioids in E. coli with the production of thebaine and the semisynthetic drug hydrocodone from a simple carbon source. |
10.1126/science.1242345 | 39,669,204 | Organofluorines represent a rapidly expanding proportion of molecules that are used in pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, agrochemicals, and materials. Despite the prevalence of fluorine in synthetic compounds, the known biological scope is limited to a single pathway that produces fluoroacetate. Here, we demonstrate that t... | 10.1038/nchembio.2308 | Successful enzymatic conversion of fluoroacetate to fluoromalonyl-CoA, and use of it as an extender molecule to site selectively incorporate fluorine into polyketides. |
10.1126/science.275.5307.1793 | 100,548,456 | The “Spanish” influenza pandemic killed at least 20 million people in 1918–1919, making it the worst infectious pandemic in history. Understanding the origins of the 1918 virus and the basis for its exceptional virulence may aid in the prediction of future influenza pandemics. RNA from a victim of the 1918 pandemic was... | 10.1038/nature08157 | This is an important paper that describes the deciphering of the genomic sequence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. |
10.1073/pnas.96.16.9345 | 20,431,822 | We describe a new reverse-genetics system that allows one to efficiently generate influenza A viruses entirely from cloned cDNAs. Human embryonic kidney cells (293T) were transfected with eight plasmids, each encoding a viral RNA of the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) or A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, flanked by the human RNA polymerase I pr... | 10.1038/nature08157 | This paper describes the artificial generation of influenza viruses, a breakthrough technology that allows the molecular characterization of influenza viruses and the generation of influenza virus vaccines. |
10.1126/science.1119392 | 62,427,515 | The pandemic influenza virus of 1918–1919 killed an estimated 20 to 50 million people worldwide. With the recent availability of the complete 1918 influenza virus coding sequence, we used reverse genetics to generate an influenza virus bearing all eight gene segments of the pandemic virus to study the properties associ... | 10.1038/nature08157 | This is a pivotal paper that describes the re-creation of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. |
10.1126/science.289.5481.930 | 107,281,314 | Spin structures of nanoscale magnetic dots are the subject of increasing scientific effort, as the confinement of spins imposed by the geometrical restrictions makes these structures comparable to some internal characteristic length scales of the magnet. For a vortex (a ferromagnetic dot with a curling magnetic structu... | 10.1038/ncomms15756 | This paper describes the experimental observation of vortices in dots |
10.1126/science.aaa1442 | 104,096,701 | The formation of soap bubbles from thin films is accompanied by topological transitions. Here we show how a magnetic topological structure, a skyrmion bubble, can be generated in a solid-state system in a similar manner. Using an inhomogeneous in-plane current in a system with broken inversion symmetry, we experimental... | 10.1038/ncomms15756 | This article demonstrates injection and motion of skyrmionic bubbles at room temperature |
10.1126/science.287.5457.1466 | 19,212,511 | All computers process information electronically. A processing method based on magnetism is reported here, in which networks of interacting submicrometer magnetic dots are used to perform logic operations and propagate information at room temperature. The logic states are signaled by the magnetization direction of the ... | 10.1038/ncomms15756 | This paper shows transport of magnetic information in isolated dots for nanomagnetic logic applications |
10.1126/science.1145799 | 83,549,444 | Recent developments in the controlled movement of domain walls in magnetic nanowires by short pulses of spin-polarized current give promise of a nonvolatile memory device with the high performance and reliability of conventional solid-state memory but at the low cost of conventional magnetic disk drive storage. The rac... | 10.1038/ncomms15756 | A review of the development of racetrack memory, including the proposal of a vertical racetrack |
10.1126/science.1108813 | 82,279,293 | “Spintronics,” in which both the spin and charge of electrons are used for logic and memory operations, promises an alternate route to traditional semiconductor electronics. A complete logic architecture can be constructed, which uses planar magnetic wires that are less than a micrometer in width. Logical NOT, logical ... | 10.1038/ncomms15756 | This paper demonstrates domain wall logic based on magnetic nanowires |
10.1038/ncomms8612 | 124,262,269 | Abstract X-ray tomography is a well-established technique to characterize 3D structures in material sciences and biology; its magnetic analogue—magnetic X-ray tomography—is yet to be developed. Here we demonstrate the visualization and reconstruction of magnetic domain structures in a 3D curved magnetic thin films with... | 10.1038/ncomms15756 | This work demonstrates three-dimensonal magnetic vectorial tomography using X-ray microscopy |
10.1159/000078209 | 121,957,465 | The reconstruction of genetic networks in mammalian systems is one of the primary goals in biological research, especially as such reconstructions relate to elucidating not only common, polygenic human diseases, but living systems more generally. Here we propose a novel gene network reconstruction algorithm, derived fr... | 10.1038/nature07633 | This paper was the first to integrate expression QTL data and phenotypic correlation data into causal modelling, as well as to describe the crucial role of genetic perturbations in anchoring causal links in the Bayesian network context. |
10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-141029 | 104,382,182 | Within the precise cosmological framework provided by the Λ-cold dark matter model and standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the chemical evolution of the pregalactic gas can now be followed with accuracy limited only by the uncertainties on the reaction rates. Starting during the recombination era, the formation of the f... | 10.1038/nature07990 | Assembled modern versions of the relevant molecular cooling rates in primordial gas. |
10.1126/science.1063991 | 83,497,311 | We describe results from a fully self-consistent three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation of the formation of one of the first stars in the Universe. In current models of structure formation, dark matter initially dominates, and pregalactic objects form because of gravitational instability from small initial density... | 10.1038/nature07990 | The first simulation to connect cosmological initial conditions with the formation of a single population III star within a minihalo. |
10.1126/science.1160259 | 62,053,862 | The nature of the first generation of stars in the universe remains largely unknown. Observations imply the existence of massive primordial stars early in the history of the universe, and the standard theory for the growth of cosmic structure predicts that structures grow hierarchically through gravitational instabilit... | 10.1038/nature07990 | The first fully self-consistent simulation of primordial protostar formation, reaching the largest dynamic range achieved so far. |
10.1126/science.1249749 | 103,889,229 | Problems making proteins kills nerve cells Neurodegeneration is associated with a variety of different diseases, but its cellular roots are often obscure. Ishimura et al. find that mutant mice whose brain cells start to die rapidly soon after birth have lost the function of two vital cellular components (see the Perspe... | 10.1038/nature19947 | This paper and ref. 41 identify mutations in mice that increase miscoding during translation and result in neurodegenerative phenotypes. |
10.1126/science.1259724 | 123,032,147 | In Eukarya, stalled translation induces 40 S dissociation and recruitment of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC) to the 60 S subunit, which mediates nascent chain degradation. Here we report cryo–electron microscopy structures revealing that the RQC components Rqc2p (YPL009C/Tae2) and Ltn1p (YMR247C/Rkr1) bind t... | 10.1038/nature19947 | Refs 55, 57 and 59 identify the mechanism of RQC-mediated CAT-tail formation and demonstrate that defective tail formation suppresses the protein aggregation that results from RQC events. |
10.1126/science.1142210 | 81,920,557 | Aneuploidy is a condition frequently found in tumor cells, but its effect on cellular physiology is not known. We have characterized one aspect of aneuploidy: the gain of extra chromosomes. We created a collection of haploid yeast strains that each bear an extra copy of one or more of almost all of the yeast chromosome... | 10.1038/nature19947 | This study provided the first systematic analysis of both the effects of aneuploidy of intact chromosomes in yeast and the effects of an increased chromosome copy number on cell fitness. |
10.1101/gad.207407.112 | 39,945,396 | Gains or losses of entire chromosomes lead to aneuploidy, a condition tolerated poorly in all eukaryotes analyzed to date. How aneuploidy affects organismal and cellular physiology is poorly understood. We found that aneuploid budding yeast cells are under proteotoxic stress. Aneuploid strains are prone to aggregation ... | 10.1038/nature19947 | This paper reveals that aneuploidy in yeast generates proteotoxic stress, which affects the ability of yeast to properly fold proteins that are already prone to misfolding. |
10.1101/gad.269118.115 | 100,372,802 | An unbalanced karyotype, a condition known as aneuploidy, has a profound impact on cellular physiology and is a hallmark of cancer. Aneuploid cells experience a number of stresses that are caused by aneuploidy-induced proteomic changes. How the aneuploidy-associated stresses affect cells and whether cells respond to th... | 10.1038/nature19947 | This paper demonstrates that autophagy is induced rapidly after chromosome mis-segregation in mammalian cells and that undigested proteins accumulate in lysosomes after delivery by autophagosomes. |
10.1126/science.2414845 | 122,472,346 | A crucial event in the hearing process is the transduction of mechanical stimuli into electrical signals by hair cells, the sensory receptors of the internal ear. Stimulation results in the rapid opening of ionic channels in the mechanically sensitive organelles of these cells, their hair bundles. These transduction ch... | 10.1038/ncomms1533 | This classical review outlines much of the pioneering work on hair cell MET and the exquisite sensitivity of the hair cell |
10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2171 | 102,020,385 | Mechanoelectrical transducer currents in turtle auditory hair cells adapted to maintained stimuli via a Ca 2+ -dependent mechanism characterized by two time constants of ∼1 and 15 ms. The time course of adaptation slowed as the stimulus intensity was raised because of an increased prominence of the second component. Th... | 10.1038/ncomms1533 | This is the first paper to suggest two distinct components to adapation |
10.1126/science.1152509 | 83,558,445 | Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2°C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century... | 10.1038/nature22901 | A foundational paper that identifies both increases in temperature and ocean acidification as future threats to coral reefs. |
10.1126/science.1204794 | 104,336,324 | Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual mass bleaching events, carbonate dissolution, and insufficient time for substantial evolutionary responses. Emerging evidence for variability... | 10.1038/nature22901 | This study identifies variable responses of reef corals to temperature increases and ocean acidification, which highlights the potential for alternative future trajectories for coral reefs. |
10.1126/science.1217255 | 61,799,616 | The United Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro in June is an important opportunity to improve the institutional framework for sustainable development. | 10.1038/nature22901 | A key paper that emphasizes the need for governance approaches to changes that occur in response to human impacts on the environment. |
10.1029/2002jd002670 | 83,529,523 | We present the Met Office Hadley Centre's sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) data set, HadISST1, and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of... | 10.1038/nature22901 | A foundational study that establishes the main physical characteristics of global climate change. |
10.1002/eji.1830230749 | 4,704,031 | Abstract The induction of anti‐influenza cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo by immunizing mice with liposomes containing messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is described. NP mRNA, obtained by in vitro transcription, was encapsulated into simple cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine/phospha... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.56 | This paper is one of the earliest studies using liposome-entrapped mRNA for an influenza vaccine. |
10.1038/ncomms14630 | 83,405,393 | Abstract Monoclonal antibodies are one of the fastest growing classes of pharmaceutical products, however, their potential is limited by the high cost of development and manufacturing. Here we present a safe and cost-effective platform for in vivo expression of therapeutic antibodies using nucleoside-modified mRNA. To ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.56 | Describes protection against HIV-1 challenge in mice using lipid nanoparticles carrying mRNA encoding HIV-specific antibodies. |
10.1002/anie.201610209 | 62,285,863 | Abstract CRISPR/Cas is a revolutionary gene editing technology with wide‐ranging utility. The safe, non‐viral delivery of CRISPR/Cas components would greatly improve future therapeutic utility. We report the synthesis and development of zwitterionic amino lipids (ZALs) that are uniquely able to (co)deliver long RNAs in... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.56 | Reports the non-viral, systemic delivery of CRISPR RNAs for gene editing in mice. |
10.1126/science.1140735 | 20,473,551 | Of all types of DNA damage, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose the greatest challenge to cells. One might have, therefore, anticipated that a sizable number of DNA DSBs would be incompatible with cell proliferation. Yet recent experimental findings suggest that, in both precancerous lesions and cancers, activated onc... | 10.1038/nature10760 | References 18 and 19 describes how oncogenes are able to induce the DDR early in oncogenesis. |
10.1126/science.1063127 | 20,697,945 | Chromatin, the physiological template of all eukaryotic genetic information, is subject to a diverse array of posttranslational modifications that largely impinge on histone amino termini, thereby regulating access to the underlying DNA. Distinct histone amino-terminal modifications can generate synergistic or antagoni... | 10.1038/nchembio.2576 | This manuscript describes the 'histone code', a complex set of PTMs that govern gene transcription. |
10.1073/pnas.0401918101 | 62,481,817 | It is now widely accepted that skin sensitivity will be very important for future robots used by humans in daily life for housekeeping and entertainment purposes. Despite this fact, relatively little progress has been made in the field of pressure recognition compared to the areas of sight and voice recognition, mainly... | 10.1038/nature21004 | This paper reports that an artificial electronic skin has been made using flexible multipoint sensors with an active matrix circuit. |
10.1126/science.1260318 | 62,592,701 | Mechanically soft neural implants When implanting a material into the body, not only does it need the right functional properties, but it also needs to have mechanical properties that match the native tissue or organ. If the material is too soft, it will be mechanically degraded, and if it is too hard it may get covere... | 10.1038/nature21004 | This study expands the stability and clinical benefits of flexible electronics by creating an 'e-dura' that uses stretchable electrodes and microfluidic channels for controllable drug delivery. |
10.1126/science.aaa9306 | 83,411,505 | Sensing the force digitally Our skin provides us with a flexible waterproof barrier, but it also contains a sensor array that feels the world around us. This array provides feedback and helps us to avoid a hot object or increase the strength of our grip on an object that may be slipping away. Tee et al. describe an app... | 10.1038/nature21004 | By mimicking the characteristics of animal skin and nerve cells, this study integrates ultrasensitive pressure sensors with organic transistor circuits to stimulate mouse brain. |
10.1126/science.1206157 | 125,313,963 | Electronic systems with physical properties matched to the human epidermis can be used in clinical monitoring. | 10.1038/nature21004 | This study integrates inorganic electronic elements into an ultrathin, low-modulus device that conforms to the surface of skin, leading to monitoring of vital information without the need for adhesives. |
10.1126/science.1092734 | 20,783,647 | The tumor suppressor p53 exerts its anti-neoplastic activity primarily through the induction of apoptosis. We found that cytosolic localization of endogenous wild-type or trans-activation–deficient p53 was necessary and sufficient for apoptosis. p53 directly activated the proapoptotic Bcl-2protein Bax in the absence of... | 10.1038/nature07986 | This work characterizes protein–protein interactions between p53 and pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins as the mechanism through which p53 can trigger the formation of supramolecular, protein-permeable conduits in the outer mitochondrial membrane. |
10.1073/pnas.0600889103 | 79,424,867 | The tumor suppressor p53 can trigger cell death independently of its transcriptional activity through subcellular translocation and activation of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. The regulation of such activity of endogenous p53 in response to stress remains largely unknown. Here we show that nuclear, activated FOXO3... | 10.1038/nature07986 | This study establishes a role for the transcription factor Foxo3a in accumulation and function of cytosolic p53. |
10.1073/pnas.0712038105 | 20,871,475 | Humans have evolved intimate symbiotic relationships with a consortium of gut microbes (microbiome) and individual variations in the microbiome influence host health, may be implicated in disease etiology, and affect drug metabolism, toxicity, and efficacy. However, the molecular basis of these microbe–host interaction... | 10.1038/nature11708 | This article reports the first demonstration of statistical cross-omics integration to unravel gut-microbe–host metabolic interactions. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3004244 | 41,677,720 | Abnormal microbial-host metabolic interactions underlying disease provide new targets for therapeutic intervention. | 10.1038/nature11708 | This article provides a comprehensive discussion of major gut-microbe–host metabolic interactions and possible therapeutic interventional strategies. |
10.1126/science.1224686 | 80,597,894 | Exploring our gut microbial communities with new tools is allowing us to revisit old questions; to develop new concepts about our evolution, postnatal development, systems physiology, individuality, and definitions of health; and to further delineate the impact of our changing life-styles. It is also allowing us to env... | 10.1038/nature11708 | This article provides an overview of the importance of the gut microbiome in the aetiopathogenesis of diverse non-infectious diseases. |
10.1128/jb.104.1.313-322.1970 | 41,564,347 | In bioluminescent bacteria growing in shake flasks, the enzyme luciferase has been shown to be synthesized in a relatively short burst during the period of exponential growth. The luciferase gene appears to be completely inactive in a freshly inoculated culture; the pulse of preferential luciferase synthesis which occu... | 10.1038/nature24624 | This paper showed that the sudden increase of bioluminescence by mid-logarithmic Vibrio fischeri and Vibrio harveyi cultures required transcription and a self-produced factor, and this phenomenon was referred to as autoinduction. |
10.1073/pnas.1421211111 | 5,716,463 | Significance Bacteria commonly reside in vivo as communities comprised of small, densely packed aggregates. Aggregates display important phenotypes, including enhanced antibiotic resistance, and recent evidence suggests that chemical interactions between aggregates are critical in human-associated microbial communities... | 10.1038/nature24624 | This paper provided the first assessment of the calling distance of AHL signals produced by P. aeruginosa aggregates. |
10.1128/jb.178.22.6618-6622.1996 | 17,573,665 | Acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) play a widespread role in intercellular communication among bacteria. The Australian macroalga Delisea pulchra produces secondary metabolites which have structural similarities to AHL molecules. We report here that these metabolites inhibited AHL-controlled processes in prokaryotes. ... | 10.1038/nature24624 | This paper describes the discovery of a class of compounds produced by the Australian macroalga Delisea pulchra that inhibit QS-controlled processes. |
10.1073/pnas.0407076101 | 104,440,848 | New therapeutic targets for noncognitive reductions in energy intake, absorption, or storage are crucial given the worldwide epidemic of obesity. The gut microbial community (microbiota) is essential for processing dietary polysaccharides. We found that conventionalization of adult germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice with a no... | 10.1038/nature11552 | This article reports a link between the gut microbiota and adiposity. |
10.1073/pnas.1005963107 | 83,539,810 | Gut microbial composition depends on different dietary habits just as health depends on microbial metabolism, but the association of microbiota with different diets in human populations has not yet been shown. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of European children (EU) and that of children from a rural Afr... | 10.1038/nature11552 | This article demonstrates the affect of diet in shaping the gut microbiota. |
10.2337/db06-1491 | 62,303,607 | Diabetes and obesity are two metabolic diseases characterized by insulin resistance and a low-grade inflammation. Seeking an inflammatory factor causative of the onset of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes, we have identified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a triggering factor. We found that normal endotox... | 10.1038/nature11552 | This paper reports that endotoxin is sufficient to alter metabolic inflammation and insulin sensitivity. |
10.1126/science.1183218 | 62,130,764 | DNA-less Evolution Prions are proteinaceous infectious elements involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including scrapie in sheep and so-called mad cow disease in cattle. Now Li et al. (p. 869 , published online 31 December) show that, when propagated in tissue culture cells, cloned prion populations beco... | 10.1038/nature20415 | An important study of prions in cell culture showing that biologically 'cloned' populations of prions gradually become heterogeneous by accumulating 'mutants', with selection pressure resulting in the emergence of different mutants in the evolving population. |
10.1098/rsob.160035 | 59,411,874 | Mammalian prions are hypothesized to be fibrillar or amyloid forms of prion protein (PrP), but structures observed to date have not been definitively correlated with infectivity and the three-dimensional structure of infectious prions has remained obscure. Recently, we developed novel methods to obtain exceptionally pu... | 10.1038/nature20415 | Precise cell-culture-based prion infectivity assays were used to define the physical relationship between PrP rods and prion infectivity, and electron tomography was used to define their architecture. |
10.1126/science.1194516 | 80,294,455 | Infectious Amyloid? Patients with Alzheimer's disease have characteristic lesions in the brains associated with masses of polymerized protein called β-amyloid. Recently, evidence from mouse models of Alzheimer's disease shows that brain extracts containing β-amyloid can “infect” otherwise healthy animals when injected ... | 10.1038/nature20415 | Provides evidence to show that amyloid-β seeds can be transported from the abdomen to induce amyloid-β deposition in the CNS in a mouse model. |
10.1126/science.1246501 | 125,166,115 | Graphene and related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems showcase several key properties that can address emerging energy needs, in particular for the ever growing market of portable and wearable energy conversion and storage devices. Graphene’s flexibility, large surface area, and chemical stability, combined ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.33 | A comprehensive review describing the physics and chemistry of graphene, and outlining the most promising results and applications achieved so far. |
10.1126/science.1194372 | 41,542,633 | Extending the Capability of Supercapacitors Supercapacitors have porous electrodes that can store more charge per volume in electrical double layers than conventional parallel plate capacitors. However, the porous electrodes cause poor performance in filter circuits that eliminate residual alternating current ripple fr... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.33 | The first study on using graphene EDL capacitors for AC (120 Hz) line-filtering using vertically oriented graphene sheets grown directly on a nickel substrate. |
10.1126/science.1200770 | 41,526,379 | Activated microwave-exfoliated graphite oxide combined with an ionic liquid can be used to make an enhanced capacitor. | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.33 | This study describes a novel strategy for boosting the energy density of graphene supercapacitors via chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide. This leads to porous carbons with surface areas in excess of 3,000 m 2 g −1 featured with improved specific capacitance and reduced resistance. |
10.1126/science.7973629 | 125,074,660 | A simple technique has been devised that allows the direct synthesis of native backbone proteins of moderate size. Chemoselective reaction of two unprotected peptide segments gives an initial thioester-linked species. Spontaneous rearrangement of this transient intermediate yields a full-length product with a native pe... | 10.1038/nature10702 | Seminal paper describing the concept of native chemical ligation for protein synthesis. |
10.1126/science.1145295 | 4,581,889 | Given the widespread importance of amides in biochemical and chemical systems, an efficient synthesis that avoids wasteful use of stoichiometric coupling reagents or corrosive acidic and basic media is highly desirable. We report a reaction in which primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols ... | 10.1038/nature10702 | First report of the use of ruthenium catalysts for direct coupling of alcohols and amines for amide synthesis. |
10.1246/bcsj.62.524 | 21,832,642 | Abstract A new method for the preparation of pure polypeptides based on the minimun-protection strategy is described. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by a synthesis of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). Protected peptide segments of Z-[Arg(Tos)1, Asp(OcHex)3, Cys(Acm)5, Glu(OcHex)7]-BPTI(1–13), Boc-[Cys(Acm... | 10.1038/nature10702 | The early application of the ‘thioester ligation’ method for protein synthesis. |
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