answer string | choices dict | id string | kind string | lang string | question string | steps list | subject string | text string | topic string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(D) Phospholipids; phospholipid bilayers form every cell membrane. | {
"A": "Proteins only",
"B": "Cellulose",
"C": "Starch",
"D": "Phospholipids"
} | bio_1201 | multiple_choice | en | Which molecules form the cell membrane? | [
"Eliminate lone proteins.",
"Eliminate plant polymers.",
"Choose phospholipids."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Membranes tile phospholipids.
Steps:
1. Eliminate lone proteins.
2. Eliminate plant polymers.
3. Choose phospholipids.
Answer: (D) | cell_biology |
(B) Replication; DNA replication copies the genome before division. | {
"A": "Transcription",
"B": "Replication",
"C": "Translation",
"D": "Mutation"
} | bio_1202 | multiple_choice | en | Which process copies DNA before division? | [
"Eliminate RNA making.",
"Spot genome copying.",
"Choose replication."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Replication copies genomes.
Steps:
1. Eliminate RNA making.
2. Spot genome copying.
3. Choose replication.
Answer: (B) | genetics |
(A) Differential survival and reproduction; fitter variants leave more offspring over generations. | {
"A": "Differential survival and reproduction",
"B": "Random mating",
"C": "Acquired inheritance",
"D": "Perfect design"
} | bio_1203 | multiple_choice | en | Which best describes natural selection? | [
"Eliminate random mating.",
"Spot unequal breeding.",
"Choose differential survival."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Selection breeds unequals.
Steps:
1. Eliminate random mating.
2. Spot unequal breeding.
3. Choose differential survival.
Answer: (A) | evolution |
(C) Termites; termites digest dead wood with gut microbes. | {
"A": "Bees",
"B": "Butterflies",
"C": "Termites",
"D": "Ants"
} | bio_1204 | multiple_choice | en | Which organisms eat dead wood? | [
"Eliminate nectar feeders.",
"Spot wood digesters.",
"Choose termites."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Termites chew dead wood.
Steps:
1. Eliminate nectar feeders.
2. Spot wood digesters.
3. Choose termites.
Answer: (C) | ecology |
(C) Pravá komora; pumpuje odkysličenou krev do plic. | {
"A": "Levá komora",
"B": "Levá síň",
"C": "Pravá komora",
"D": "Pravá síň"
} | bio_1205 | multiple_choice | cs | Která část srdce pumpuje krev do plic? | [
"Vylučte tělní stranu.",
"Přiřaďte plíce pravé komoře.",
"Zvolte pravou komoru."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Do plic pumpuje pravá komora.
Steps:
1. Vylučte tělní stranu.
2. Přiřaďte plíce pravé komoře.
3. Zvolte pravou komoru.
Answer: (C) | physiology |
(A) Orange juice; citrus juice is acidic with pH around 3. | {
"A": "Orange juice",
"B": "Distilled water",
"C": "Baking soda solution",
"D": "Ammonia"
} | bio_1206 | multiple_choice | en | Which drink is acidic? | [
"Eliminate neutral water.",
"Eliminate basic cleaners.",
"Choose orange juice."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Orange juice runs acidic.
Steps:
1. Eliminate neutral water.
2. Eliminate basic cleaners.
3. Choose orange juice.
Answer: (A) | biochemistry |
About 1/4, i.e. 25 percent; 2 µm of the 8 µm nucleus gives the share. | null | bio_1207 | worked_example | en | A nucleolus is 2 µm wide in an 8 µm nucleus. What fraction of nucleus width is it? | [
"Divide 2 / 8 = 1/4.",
"Convert to 25 percent.",
"Recompute: 8 / 4 = 2."
] | biology | Answer: 1/4, i.e. 25 percent.
Steps:
1. Divide 2 / 8 = 1/4.
2. Convert to 25 percent.
3. Recompute: 8 / 4 = 2. | cell_biology |
The probability is 1/2, i.e. 50 percent; Yy x yy yields Yy and yy equally. | null | bio_1208 | worked_example | en | For the cross Yy x yy, calculate the probability of Yy offspring. | [
"List offspring: Yy or yy.",
"Note equal 1/2 chances.",
"Conclude 1/2 = 50 percent.",
"Recompute: 1/2 + 1/2 = 1."
] | biology | Answer: 1/2, i.e. 50 percent.
Steps:
1. List offspring: Yy or yy.
2. Note equal 1/2 chances.
3. Conclude 1/2 = 50 percent.
4. Recompute: 1/2 + 1/2 = 1. | genetics |
27 aa individuals; q squared of 0.09 times 300 gives the expected count. | null | bio_1209 | worked_example | en | In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium q=0.3 in 300 diploid individuals. How many aa individuals are expected? | [
"Square q: 0.3 x 0.3 = 0.09.",
"Multiply 0.09 x 300 = 27.",
"Recompute: 27/300 = 0.09."
] | biology | Answer: 27 aa individuals.
Steps:
1. Square q: 0.3 x 0.3 = 0.09.
2. Multiply 0.09 x 300 = 27.
3. Recompute: 27/300 = 0.09. | evolution |
Ve vinici roste asi 12000 keřů; plocha krát hustota dá celkový počet. | null | bio_1210 | worked_example | cs | Vinice má 4 hektary a hustota je 3000 keřů na hektar. Vypočítejte počet keřů. | [
"Vynásobte 4 x 3000 = 12000.",
"Přepočítejte: 12000 / 4 = 3000.",
"Uveďte asi 12000 keřů."
] | biology | Answer: Asi 12000 keřů.
Steps:
1. Vynásobte 4 x 3000 = 12000.
2. Přepočítejte: 12000 / 4 = 3000.
3. Uveďte asi 12000 keřů. | ecology |
1 liter of sweat; 0.5 liters hourly over 2 hours sums the loss. | null | bio_1211 | worked_example | en | An athlete sweats 0.5 L per hour for 2 hours. Calculate total sweat. | [
"Multiply 0.5 x 2 = 1.",
"Recompute: 1 / 2 = 0.5.",
"Report 1 L."
] | biology | Answer: 1 L.
Steps:
1. Multiply 0.5 x 2 = 1.
2. Recompute: 1 / 2 = 0.5.
3. Report 1 L. | physiology |
Chromium boosts insulin signaling so cells absorb glucose properly; shortage impairs sugar control. | null | bio_1212 | concept | en | Explain the role of chromium in glucose metabolism. | [
"Boost insulin signals.",
"Absorb glucose well.",
"Falter sugar without it."
] | biology | Answer: Chromium aids insulin action.
Steps:
1. Boost insulin signals.
2. Absorb glucose well.
3. Falter sugar without it. | biochemistry |
Misplaced spindles stall division until the apparatus centers correctly for equal cleavage. | null | bio_1213 | concept | en | Explain the spindle position checkpoint. | [
"Sense off-center spindles.",
"Stall division waiting.",
"Cleave equal centered."
] | biology | Answer: Cells center spindles first.
Steps:
1. Sense off-center spindles.
2. Stall division waiting.
3. Cleave equal centered. | cell_biology |
Shattered fragments stitch into brand-new giant chromosomes that drive aggressive cancers. | null | bio_1214 | concept | en | Explain neochromosomes in cancer. | [
"Shatter chromosomes apart.",
"Stitch giants anew.",
"Drive cancers aggressive."
] | biology | Answer: Neochromosomes rebuild giant.
Steps:
1. Shatter chromosomes apart.
2. Stitch giants anew.
3. Drive cancers aggressive. | genetics |
Obojživelníci vzešli z ryb s plícemi: končetiny jim otevřely souš, ale rozmnožování váže k vodě. | null | bio_1215 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete evoluci obojživelníků. | [
"Vyjděte z ryb s plícemi.",
"Získejte končetiny.",
"Množte se stále ve vodě."
] | biology | Answer: Obojživelníci stojí mezi vodou a souší.
Steps:
1. Vyjděte z ryb s plícemi.
2. Získejte končetiny.
3. Množte se stále ve vodě. | evolution |
Europe's last primeval lowland shelters bison, wolves, and ancient oaks in undisturbed cycles. | null | bio_1216 | concept | en | Describe the Białowieża Forest ecosystem. | [
"Shelter bison primeval.",
"Cycle oaks ancient.",
"Leave woods undisturbed."
] | biology | Answer: Białowieża keeps primeval woods.
Steps:
1. Shelter bison primeval.
2. Cycle oaks ancient.
3. Leave woods undisturbed. | ecology |
The cecum ferments fiber with resident bacteria and feeds the appendix its backup cultures. | null | bio_1217 | concept | en | Explain the function of the cecum. | [
"Pool fiber inside.",
"Ferment with bacteria.",
"Feed appendix backups."
] | biology | Answer: The cecum ferments fiber.
Steps:
1. Pool fiber inside.
2. Ferment with bacteria.
3. Feed appendix backups. | physiology |
Branched sugar chains tether cellulose fibers into flexible yet strong plant walls. | null | bio_1218 | concept | en | Describe the structure of hemicellulose. | [
"Branch sugar chains.",
"Tether cellulose fibers.",
"Flex walls strong."
] | biology | Answer: Hemicellulose lashes walls.
Steps:
1. Branch sugar chains.
2. Tether cellulose fibers.
3. Flex walls strong. | biochemistry |
Freed E2F switches on replication genes that copy DNA and build S-phase machinery. | null | bio_1219 | concept | en | Explain E2F transcription factors. | [
"Free E2F from Rb.",
"Switch replication genes.",
"Build S-phase works."
] | biology | Answer: E2F launches copying genes.
Steps:
1. Free E2F from Rb.
2. Switch replication genes.
3. Build S-phase works. | cell_biology |
RNA je jednovláknová molekula přepisující geny; mRNA nese předpis, tRNA aminokyseliny a rRNA staví ribozomy. | null | bio_1220 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete, co je to RNA. | [
"Definujte jednovlákno.",
"Rozlište mRNA a tRNA.",
"Uveďte rRNA v ribozomech."
] | biology | Answer: RNA přepisuje a doručuje geny.
Steps:
1. Definujte jednovlákno.
2. Rozlište mRNA a tRNA.
3. Uveďte rRNA v ribozomech. | genetics |
(B) Cenozoic; mammals radiated through the Cenozoic era after the dinosaurs. | {
"A": "Mesozoic",
"B": "Cenozoic",
"C": "Paleozoic",
"D": "Precambrian"
} | bio_1221 | multiple_choice | en | Which era is the age of mammals? | [
"Eliminate dinosaur era.",
"Spot mammal radiation.",
"Choose Cenozoic."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Mammals own Cenozoic.
Steps:
1. Eliminate dinosaur era.
2. Spot mammal radiation.
3. Choose Cenozoic.
Answer: (B) | evolution |
(D) Whale; whales breathe air and nurse young unlike fish. | {
"A": "Shark",
"B": "Tuna",
"C": "Salmon",
"D": "Whale"
} | bio_1222 | multiple_choice | en | Which is a marine mammal? | [
"Eliminate gilled fish.",
"Spot air breather.",
"Choose whale."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Whales nurse at sea.
Steps:
1. Eliminate gilled fish.
2. Spot air breather.
3. Choose whale.
Answer: (D) | ecology |
(A) Skull; the skull encases and shields the brain. | {
"A": "Skull",
"B": "Femur",
"C": "Rib",
"D": "Pelvis"
} | bio_1223 | multiple_choice | en | Which bone protects the brain? | [
"Eliminate limb bones.",
"Spot head case.",
"Choose skull."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Skulls guard brains.
Steps:
1. Eliminate limb bones.
2. Spot head case.
3. Choose skull.
Answer: (A) | physiology |
(C) C; vitamin C scavenges free radicals as an antioxidant. | {
"A": "D",
"B": "K",
"C": "C",
"D": "B12"
} | bio_1224 | multiple_choice | en | Which vitamin is an antioxidant? | [
"Eliminate bone vitamins.",
"Spot radical scavenger.",
"Choose C."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Vitamin C calms radicals.
Steps:
1. Eliminate bone vitamins.
2. Spot radical scavenger.
3. Choose C.
Answer: (C) | biochemistry |
(A) Hladké ER; hladké endoplazmatické retikulum vyrábí lipidy a steroidy. | {
"A": "Hladké ER",
"B": "Drsné ER",
"C": "Lyzozom",
"D": "Vakuola"
} | bio_1225 | multiple_choice | cs | Která organela skládá tuky? | [
"Vylučte výrobce bílkovin.",
"Přiřaďte lipidy hladkému ER.",
"Zvolte hladké ER."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Tuky skládá hladké ER.
Steps:
1. Vylučte výrobce bílkovin.
2. Přiřaďte lipidy hladkému ER.
3. Zvolte hladké ER.
Answer: (A) | cell_biology |
(D) 1:1:1:1; the dihybrid test cross yields all four combos equally. | {
"A": "9:3:3:1",
"B": "3:1",
"C": "1:2:1",
"D": "1:1:1:1"
} | bio_1226 | multiple_choice | en | Which ratio shows a test cross of AaBb? | [
"Eliminate self-cross ratios.",
"Spot equal fourths.",
"Choose 1:1:1:1."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Test crosses quarter evenly.
Steps:
1. Eliminate self-cross ratios.
2. Spot equal fourths.
3. Choose 1:1:1:1.
Answer: (D) | genetics |
The response is 2 cm; heritability 0.5 times the 4 cm selection difference gives the gain. | null | bio_1227 | worked_example | en | Tail heritability is 0.5 and the selection difference is 4 cm. Predict the response to selection. | [
"Multiply R = 0.5 x 4 = 2 cm.",
"Recompute: 2 / 4 = 0.5.",
"Report 2 cm."
] | biology | Answer: 2 cm.
Steps:
1. Multiply R = 0.5 x 4 = 2 cm.
2. Recompute: 2 / 4 = 0.5.
3. Report 2 cm. | evolution |
100 lizards bask; 50 hectares times 2 lizards each gives the desert. | null | bio_1228 | worked_example | en | A desert covers 50 hectares with 2 lizards per hectare. Calculate the lizards. | [
"Multiply 50 x 2 = 100.",
"Recompute: 100 / 50 = 2.",
"Report 100 lizards."
] | biology | Answer: 100 lizards.
Steps:
1. Multiply 50 x 2 = 100.
2. Recompute: 100 / 50 = 2.
3. Report 100 lizards. | ecology |
0.5 liters lost; 50 mL per minute over 10 minutes sums the bleed. | null | bio_1229 | worked_example | en | A wound bleeds 50 mL per minute for 10 minutes. Calculate blood loss in liters. | [
"Multiply 50 x 10 = 500 mL.",
"Convert to 0.5 L.",
"Recompute: 0.5 x 1000 / 10 = 50."
] | biology | Answer: 0.5 L.
Steps:
1. Multiply 50 x 10 = 500 mL.
2. Convert to 0.5 L.
3. Recompute: 0.5 x 1000 / 10 = 50. | physiology |
30 gramů bílkovin; 250 gramů tvarohu krát 12 procent dá bílkovinnou část. | null | bio_1230 | worked_example | cs | Tvaroh obsahuje 12 procent bílkovin. Kolik gramů bílkovin je ve 250 g tvarohu? | [
"Převeďte 12 procent = 0,12.",
"Vynásobte 250 x 0,12 = 30.",
"Přepočítejte: 30 / 250 = 0,12."
] | biology | Answer: 30 g bílkovin.
Steps:
1. Převeďte 12 procent = 0,12.
2. Vynásobte 250 x 0,12 = 30.
3. Přepočítejte: 30 / 250 = 0,12. | biochemistry |
About 1/100, i.e. 1 percent; 200 nm of the 20,000 nm cell gives the share. | null | bio_1231 | worked_example | en | A centriole is 200 nm long in a 20 µm cell. What fraction of cell length is it? | [
"Convert 20 µm = 20000 nm.",
"Divide 200 / 20000 = 1/100.",
"Convert to 1 percent.",
"Recompute: 20000 / 100 = 200."
] | biology | Answer: 1/100, i.e. 1 percent.
Steps:
1. Convert 20 µm = 20000 nm.
2. Divide 200 / 20000 = 1/100.
3. Convert to 1 percent.
4. Recompute: 20000 / 100 = 200. | cell_biology |
Submicroscopic swaps hide from karyotypes and surface only through sequencing or FISH probes. | null | bio_1232 | concept | en | Explain cryptic translocations. | [
"Swap pieces tiny.",
"Hide from microscopes.",
"Surface by sequencing."
] | biology | Answer: Cryptic swaps hide small.
Steps:
1. Swap pieces tiny.
2. Hide from microscopes.
3. Surface by sequencing. | genetics |
Males guarding eggs and tadpole-toting frogs evolved where waters teem with hungry predators. | null | bio_1233 | concept | en | Explain parental care in amphibians. | [
"Guard eggs male.",
"Tote tadpoles safe.",
"Dodge hungry waters."
] | biology | Answer: Amphibians guard wet young.
Steps:
1. Guard eggs male.
2. Tote tadpoles safe.
3. Dodge hungry waters. | evolution |
Island reefs shelter turtles and groupers between mangroves and the Gulf Stream's rush. | null | bio_1234 | concept | en | Describe the Florida Keys reef ecosystem. | [
"Reef island chains.",
"Shelter turtles, groupers.",
"Rush Gulf Stream past."
] | biology | Answer: Keys reef island seas.
Steps:
1. Reef island chains.
2. Shelter turtles, groupers.
3. Rush Gulf Stream past. | ecology |
Slepé střevo kvasí vlákninu s bakteriemi a zásobuje přívěsek záložními kulturami. | null | bio_1235 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete funkci slepého střeva. | [
"Shromážděte vlákninu.",
"Kvaste s bakteriemi.",
"Zásobujte přívěsek."
] | biology | Answer: Slepé střevo kvasí vlákninu.
Steps:
1. Shromážděte vlákninu.
2. Kvaste s bakteriemi.
3. Zásobujte přívěsek. | physiology |
Galacturonic chains gel fruit walls and jam, dissolving as enzymes ripen each bite. | null | bio_1236 | concept | en | Describe the structure of pectin. | [
"Chain galacturonics.",
"Gel fruit walls.",
"Dissolve ripening soft."
] | biology | Answer: Pectin gels fruit firm.
Steps:
1. Chain galacturonics.
2. Gel fruit walls.
3. Dissolve ripening soft. | biochemistry |
Severe damage makes p53 trigger Bax and caspases that dismantle the cell from within. | null | bio_1237 | concept | en | Explain p53 in apoptosis. | [
"Sense severe damage.",
"Trigger Bax, caspases.",
"Dismantle cell within."
] | biology | Answer: p53 orders cell suicide.
Steps:
1. Sense severe damage.
2. Trigger Bax, caspases.
3. Dismantle cell within. | cell_biology |
Balanced swaps trade equal pieces with no loss while unbalanced ones delete or duplicate genes. | null | bio_1238 | concept | en | Distinguish balanced from unbalanced rearrangements. | [
"Swap pieces equal.",
"Balance genes kept.",
"Unbalance losses, gains."
] | biology | Answer: Balanced swaps keep all.
Steps:
1. Swap pieces equal.
2. Balance genes kept.
3. Unbalance losses, gains. | genetics |
Salmon hatch in rivers, fatten at sea, and climb home to spawn, trading travel for rich feeding. | null | bio_1239 | concept | en | Explain diadromous life in salmon. | [
"Hatch rivers fresh.",
"Fatten seas rich.",
"Climb home spawning."
] | biology | Answer: Salmon commute seas, rivers.
Steps:
1. Hatch rivers fresh.
2. Fatten seas rich.
3. Climb home spawning. | evolution |
Rostliny dýchají průduchy: přijímají kyslík, uvolňují oxid uhličitý a v noci jen dýchají. | null | bio_1240 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete dýchání rostlin. | [
"Otevřete průduchy.",
"Přijměte kyslík.",
"Uvolněte oxid uhličitý."
] | biology | Answer: Rostliny dýchají průduchy.
Steps:
1. Otevřete průduchy.
2. Přijměte kyslík.
3. Uvolněte oxid uhličitý. | ecology |
(C) Ball-and-socket; shoulders and hips swivel freely in ball-and-socket joints. | {
"A": "Hinge",
"B": "Pivot",
"C": "Ball-and-socket",
"D": "Gliding"
} | bio_1241 | multiple_choice | en | Which joint moves freely in all directions? | [
"Eliminate one-way hinges.",
"Spot swiveling sockets.",
"Choose ball-and-socket."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Sockets swivel free.
Steps:
1. Eliminate one-way hinges.
2. Spot swiveling sockets.
3. Choose ball-and-socket.
Answer: (C) | physiology |
(A) Antacid; antacids neutralize excess stomach acid. | {
"A": "Antacid",
"B": "Vinegar",
"C": "Orange juice",
"D": "Cola"
} | bio_1242 | multiple_choice | en | Which substance neutralizes stomach acid? | [
"Eliminate acids.",
"Spot base remedy.",
"Choose antacid."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Antacids calm acid.
Steps:
1. Eliminate acids.
2. Spot base remedy.
3. Choose antacid.
Answer: (A) | biochemistry |
(D) Plasmodesma; plasmodesmata channel plant cells together through walls. | {
"A": "Tight junction",
"B": "Desmosome",
"C": "Gap junction",
"D": "Plasmodesma"
} | bio_1243 | multiple_choice | en | Which structure links cells in plant tissues? | [
"Eliminate animal seals.",
"Spot wall channels.",
"Choose plasmodesma."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Plasmodesmata bridge walls.
Steps:
1. Eliminate animal seals.
2. Spot wall channels.
3. Choose plasmodesma.
Answer: (D) | cell_biology |
(B) AB; only AB recipients tolerate both A and B antigens. | {
"A": "O",
"B": "AB",
"C": "A",
"D": "B"
} | bio_1244 | multiple_choice | en | Which blood group can receive AB blood? | [
"Eliminate bare recipients.",
"Spot double tolerance.",
"Choose AB."
] | biology | Answer: (B) AB accepts AB.
Steps:
1. Eliminate bare recipients.
2. Spot double tolerance.
3. Choose AB.
Answer: (B) | genetics |
(B) Mezozoikum; dinosauři vládli mezozoiku před 250 až 66 miliony let. | {
"A": "Kenozoikum",
"B": "Mezozoikum",
"C": "Paleozoikum",
"D": "Proterozoikum"
} | bio_1245 | multiple_choice | cs | Která éra je érou dinosaurů? | [
"Vylučte éru savců.",
"Přiřaďte dinosaury mezozoiku.",
"Zvolte mezozoikum."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Dinosauři patří mezozoiku.
Steps:
1. Vylučte éru savců.
2. Přiřaďte dinosaury mezozoiku.
3. Zvolte mezozoikum.
Answer: (B) | evolution |
(A) Clownfish; clownfish shelter among anemones on coral reefs. | {
"A": "Clownfish",
"B": "Penguins",
"C": "Polar bears",
"D": "Wolves"
} | bio_1246 | multiple_choice | en | Which animals live in coral reefs? | [
"Eliminate cold lands.",
"Spot reef dwellers.",
"Choose clownfish."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Clownfish haunt reefs.
Steps:
1. Eliminate cold lands.
2. Spot reef dwellers.
3. Choose clownfish.
Answer: (A) | ecology |
About 27 percent; 70 of 260 square meters compares lung to court. | null | bio_1247 | worked_example | en | Lung surface is 70 m² and a tennis court is 260 m². Calculate the percent ratio. | [
"Divide 70 / 260 = 0.269.",
"Convert to about 27 percent.",
"Recompute: 260 x 0.269 = 70."
] | biology | Answer: About 27 percent.
Steps:
1. Divide 70 / 260 = 0.269.
2. Convert to about 27 percent.
3. Recompute: 260 x 0.269 = 70. | physiology |
8 grams of fat; 10 grams at 80 percent fat gives the content. | null | bio_1248 | worked_example | en | Butter weighs 10 g with 80 percent fat. Calculate fat grams. | [
"Convert 80 percent = 0.8.",
"Multiply 10 x 0.8 = 8.",
"Recompute: 8/10 = 0.8."
] | biology | Answer: 8 g of fat.
Steps:
1. Convert 80 percent = 0.8.
2. Multiply 10 x 0.8 = 8.
3. Recompute: 8/10 = 0.8. | biochemistry |
About 1/25, i.e. 4 percent; 1 µm of the 25 µm cell gives the share. | null | bio_1249 | worked_example | en | A Golgi stack is 1 µm wide in a 25 µm cell. What fraction of cell width is it? | [
"Divide 1 / 25 = 1/25.",
"Convert to 4 percent.",
"Recompute: 25 / 25 = 1."
] | biology | Answer: 1/25, i.e. 4 percent.
Steps:
1. Divide 1 / 25 = 1/25.
2. Convert to 4 percent.
3. Recompute: 25 / 25 = 1. | cell_biology |
Pravděpodobnost je 1/4, tedy 25 procent; čtverec Zz x Zz dá jedno zz ze čtyř. | null | bio_1250 | worked_example | cs | Při křížení Zz x Zz vypočítejte pravděpodobnost potomka s genotypem zz. | [
"Sestavte čtverec: ZZ, Zz, Zz, zz.",
"Spočítejte zz: 1 ze 4.",
"Převeďte na 1/4 = 25 procent.",
"Přepočítejte: 1/4 + 1/2 + 1/4 = 1."
] | biology | Answer: 1/4, tedy 25 procent.
Steps:
1. Sestavte čtverec: ZZ, Zz, Zz, zz.
2. Spočítejte zz: 1 ze 4.
3. Převeďte na 1/4 = 25 procent.
4. Přepočítejte: 1/4 + 1/2 + 1/4 = 1. | genetics |
96 AA individuals; p squared of 0.64 times 150 gives the expected count. | null | bio_1251 | worked_example | en | In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p=0.8 in 150 diploid individuals. How many AA individuals are expected? | [
"Square p: 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64.",
"Multiply 0.64 x 150 = 96.",
"Recompute: 96/150 = 0.64."
] | biology | Answer: 96 AA individuals.
Steps:
1. Square p: 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64.
2. Multiply 0.64 x 150 = 96.
3. Recompute: 96/150 = 0.64. | evolution |
The warm current ferries heat, larvae, and turtles northward, greening Europe's climate. | null | bio_1252 | concept | en | Explain Gulf Stream ecosystem effects. | [
"Ferry heat northward.",
"Carry larvae, turtles.",
"Green Europe's shores."
] | biology | Answer: Gulf Stream warms eastward.
Steps:
1. Ferry heat northward.
2. Carry larvae, turtles.
3. Green Europe's shores. | ecology |
The fornix arches memories from hippocampus to mammillary bodies for lasting storage. | null | bio_1253 | concept | en | Explain the fornix in memory. | [
"Arch fibers onward.",
"Carry memories out.",
"Store them lasting."
] | biology | Answer: Fornix bridges memories.
Steps:
1. Arch fibers onward.
2. Carry memories out.
3. Store them lasting. | physiology |
Lipid A anchored sugars armor gram-negative walls and trigger fierce immune alarms. | null | bio_1254 | concept | en | Describe lipopolysaccharides. | [
"Anchor lipid A.",
"Armor walls sugared.",
"Alarm immunity fierce."
] | biology | Answer: LPS armors, alarms.
Steps:
1. Anchor lipid A.
2. Armor walls sugared.
3. Alarm immunity fierce. | biochemistry |
Centriola je váleček z mikrotubulů; organizuje dělící vřeténko a staví řasinky a bičíky. | null | bio_1255 | concept | cs | Popište centriolu a její funkci. | [
"Popište váleček z mikrotubulů.",
"Organizujte vřeténko.",
"Stavte řasinky a bičíky."
] | biology | Answer: Centriola řídí vřeténko.
Steps:
1. Popište váleček z mikrotubulů.
2. Organizujte vřeténko.
3. Stavte řasinky a bičíky. | cell_biology |
A cut-pasted segment lands inside another chromosome, duplicating genes at the seam. | null | bio_1256 | concept | en | Explain insertional translocations. | [
"Cut segment free.",
"Paste inside another.",
"Duplicate seam genes."
] | biology | Answer: Insertions paste genes within.
Steps:
1. Cut segment free.
2. Paste inside another.
3. Duplicate seam genes. | genetics |
Cuckoos dodge parenting costs by duping hosts whose defenses escalate egg mimicry. | null | bio_1257 | concept | en | Explain brood parasitism in cuckoos. | [
"Dupe hosts broody.",
"Dodge parenting costs.",
"Escalate egg mimicry."
] | biology | Answer: Cuckoos outsource parenting.
Steps:
1. Dupe hosts broody.
2. Dodge parenting costs.
3. Escalate egg mimicry. | evolution |
Cold currents well nutrients that feed anchovies, penguins, and seals off southwest Africa. | null | bio_1258 | concept | en | Describe the Benguela upwelling ecosystem. | [
"Well nutrients cold.",
"Feed anchovies dense.",
"Shelter penguins, seals."
] | biology | Answer: Benguela wells life cold.
Steps:
1. Well nutrients cold.
2. Feed anchovies dense.
3. Shelter penguins, seals. | ecology |
The hippocampus encodes new memories and maps spaces, failing first in Alzheimer's disease. | null | bio_1259 | concept | en | Explain the hippocampus in memory. | [
"Encode memories new.",
"Map spaces traveled.",
"Fail Alzheimer's first."
] | biology | Answer: Hippocampus maps memories.
Steps:
1. Encode memories new.
2. Map spaces traveled.
3. Fail Alzheimer's first. | physiology |
Buněčné dýchání mění glukózu s kyslíkem na ATP; probíhá v cytoplazmě a mitochondriích. | null | bio_1260 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete, co je to dýchání buněk. | [
"Definujte spalování glukózy.",
"Uvolněte energii do ATP.",
"Umístěte je do mitochondrií."
] | biology | Answer: Dýchání buněk vyrábí ATP.
Steps:
1. Definujte spalování glukózy.
2. Uvolněte energii do ATP.
3. Umístěte je do mitochondrií. | biochemistry |
(C) Mitochondrion; mitochondria earn the powerhouse name by making ATP. | {
"A": "Nucleus",
"B": "Ribosome",
"C": "Mitochondrion",
"D": "Chloroplast"
} | bio_1261 | multiple_choice | en | Which organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell? | [
"Eliminate control center.",
"Spot ATP maker.",
"Choose mitochondrion."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Mitochondria power cells.
Steps:
1. Eliminate control center.
2. Spot ATP maker.
3. Choose mitochondrion.
Answer: (C) | cell_biology |
(A) Transcription; transcription copies DNA into mRNA. | {
"A": "Transcription",
"B": "Replication",
"C": "Translation",
"D": "Mutation"
} | bio_1262 | multiple_choice | en | Which process makes mRNA from DNA? | [
"Eliminate genome copying.",
"Spot RNA copying.",
"Choose transcription."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Transcription writes mRNA.
Steps:
1. Eliminate genome copying.
2. Spot RNA copying.
3. Choose transcription.
Answer: (A) | genetics |
(D) Cenozoic; the Cenozoic is the current, youngest era. | {
"A": "Paleozoic",
"B": "Mesozoic",
"C": "Precambrian",
"D": "Cenozoic"
} | bio_1263 | multiple_choice | en | Which is the youngest era? | [
"Eliminate ancient spans.",
"Spot current era.",
"Choose Cenozoic."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Cenozoic runs now.
Steps:
1. Eliminate ancient spans.
2. Spot current era.
3. Choose Cenozoic.
Answer: (D) | evolution |
(B) Owl; owls hunt at night with silent wings and sharp hearing. | {
"A": "Eagle",
"B": "Owl",
"C": "Sparrow",
"D": "Hawk"
} | bio_1264 | multiple_choice | en | Which is a nocturnal animal? | [
"Eliminate day hunters.",
"Spot night hunter.",
"Choose owl."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Owls own the night.
Steps:
1. Eliminate day hunters.
2. Spot night hunter.
3. Choose owl.
Answer: (B) | ecology |
(A) Lebka; pevné kosti chrání mozek před nárazem. | {
"A": "Lebka",
"B": "Stehenní kost",
"C": "Žebro",
"D": "Pánev"
} | bio_1265 | multiple_choice | cs | Která kost chrání mozek? | [
"Vylučte končetiny.",
"Přiřaďte ochranu lebce.",
"Zvolte lebku."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Mozek chrání lebka.
Steps:
1. Vylučte končetiny.
2. Přiřaďte ochranu lebce.
3. Zvolte lebku.
Answer: (A) | physiology |
(C) Baking soda solution; sodium bicarbonate solutions are mildly basic. | {
"A": "Orange juice",
"B": "Cola",
"C": "Baking soda solution",
"D": "Vinegar"
} | bio_1266 | multiple_choice | en | Which drink is basic? | [
"Eliminate citrus acids.",
"Spot bicarbonate base.",
"Choose baking soda solution."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Baking soda runs basic.
Steps:
1. Eliminate citrus acids.
2. Spot bicarbonate base.
3. Choose baking soda solution.
Answer: (C) | biochemistry |
About 1/2, i.e. 50 percent; 15 µm of the 30 µm cell gives the share. | null | bio_1267 | worked_example | en | A vacuole is 15 µm wide in a 30 µm cell. What fraction of cell width is it? | [
"Divide 15 / 30 = 1/2.",
"Convert to 50 percent.",
"Recompute: 30 / 2 = 15."
] | biology | Answer: 1/2, i.e. 50 percent.
Steps:
1. Divide 15 / 30 = 1/2.
2. Convert to 50 percent.
3. Recompute: 30 / 2 = 15. | cell_biology |
The probability is 1/16, i.e. 6.25 percent; P(AA) times P(BB) gives the double homozygote. | null | bio_1268 | worked_example | en | For the cross AaBb x AaBb, calculate the probability of AABB offspring. | [
"P(AA) = 1/4 and P(BB) = 1/4.",
"Multiply 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/16.",
"Convert to 6.25 percent.",
"Recompute: 1/16 x 16 = 1 of 16."
] | biology | Answer: 1/16, i.e. 6.25 percent.
Steps:
1. P(AA) = 1/4 and P(BB) = 1/4.
2. Multiply 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/16.
3. Convert to 6.25 percent.
4. Recompute: 1/16 x 16 = 1 of 16. | genetics |
150 AA individuals; p squared of 0.25 times 600 gives the expected count. | null | bio_1269 | worked_example | en | In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p=0.5 in 600 diploid individuals. How many AA individuals are expected? | [
"Square p: 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25.",
"Multiply 0.25 x 600 = 150.",
"Recompute: 150/600 = 0.25."
] | biology | Answer: 150 AA individuals.
Steps:
1. Square p: 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25.
2. Multiply 0.25 x 600 = 150.
3. Recompute: 150/600 = 0.25. | evolution |
Ve chmelnici roste asi 15000 rostlin; plocha krát hustota dá celkový počet. | null | bio_1270 | worked_example | cs | Chmelnice má 6 hektarů a hustota je 2500 rostlin na hektar. Vypočítejte počet rostlin. | [
"Vynásobte 6 x 2500 = 15000.",
"Přepočítejte: 15000 / 6 = 2500.",
"Uveďte asi 15000 rostlin."
] | biology | Answer: Asi 15000 rostlin.
Steps:
1. Vynásobte 6 x 2500 = 15000.
2. Přepočítejte: 15000 / 6 = 2500.
3. Uveďte asi 15000 rostlin. | ecology |
3 mm per month; 0.1 mm daily over 30 days gives monthly growth. | null | bio_1271 | worked_example | en | Fingernails grow 0.1 mm per day. Calculate monthly growth in mm. | [
"Multiply 0.1 x 30 = 3.",
"Recompute: 3 / 30 = 0.1.",
"Report 3 mm."
] | biology | Answer: 3 mm per month.
Steps:
1. Multiply 0.1 x 30 = 3.
2. Recompute: 3 / 30 = 0.1.
3. Report 3 mm. | physiology |
Nickel centers urease, which splits urea into ammonia in plants and microbes. | null | bio_1272 | concept | en | Explain the role of nickel in enzymes. | [
"Center nickel in urease.",
"Split urea to ammonia.",
"Feed plants nitrogen."
] | biology | Answer: Nickel cracks urea open.
Steps:
1. Center nickel in urease.
2. Split urea to ammonia.
3. Feed plants nitrogen. | biochemistry |
Lingering chromatin in the cleavage furrow delays the final cut until the bridge clears. | null | bio_1273 | concept | en | Explain the abscission checkpoint. | [
"Sense bridge chromatin.",
"Delay final cut.",
"Clear bridge, then split."
] | biology | Answer: Cells wait to cut clean.
Steps:
1. Sense bridge chromatin.
2. Delay final cut.
3. Clear bridge, then split. | cell_biology |
One donor segment lands on many recipient chromosomes in unstable tumor genomes. | null | bio_1274 | concept | en | Explain jumping translocations. | [
"Copy one donor piece.",
"Paste it many places.",
"Destabilize tumor genomes."
] | biology | Answer: Jumping pieces land widely.
Steps:
1. Copy one donor piece.
2. Paste it many places.
3. Destabilize tumor genomes. | genetics |
Ryby se vyvinuly z bezlebečných strunatců: čelisti, ploutve a šupiny jim otevřely moře i řeky. | null | bio_1275 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete evoluci ryb. | [
"Vyjděte ze strunatců.",
"Získejte čelisti a ploutve.",
"Ovládněte vody."
] | biology | Answer: Ryby dobyly vody čelistmi.
Steps:
1. Vyjděte ze strunatců.
2. Získejte čelisti a ploutve.
3. Ovládněte vody. | evolution |
Europe's longest sand spit dunes shelter elk, boar, and migrating birds between lagoon and sea. | null | bio_1276 | concept | en | Describe the Curonian Spit ecosystem. | [
"Dune sands longest.",
"Shelter elk, boar.",
"Funnel migrants through."
] | biology | Answer: Curonian dunes funnel migrants.
Steps:
1. Dune sands longest.
2. Shelter elk, boar.
3. Funnel migrants through. | ecology |
The duodenum mixes chyme with bile and pancreatic juices, digesting fats, proteins, and starches at once. | null | bio_1277 | concept | en | Explain the function of the duodenum. | [
"Receive acidic chyme.",
"Mix bile, juices.",
"Digest all groups."
] | biology | Answer: Duodenum digests everything.
Steps:
1. Receive acidic chyme.
2. Mix bile, juices.
3. Digest all groups. | physiology |
Xylose backbones with arabinose branches bind water in cereal walls and dough. | null | bio_1278 | concept | en | Describe the structure of arabinoxylan. | [
"Backbone xylose chains.",
"Branch arabinose off.",
"Bind water in dough."
] | biology | Answer: Arabinoxylan thirsts in grain.
Steps:
1. Backbone xylose chains.
2. Branch arabinose off.
3. Bind water in dough. | biochemistry |
CDC25 strips inhibitory phosphates from CDKs, firing the engines that drive mitosis. | null | bio_1279 | concept | en | Explain CDC25 phosphatases. | [
"Mark CDKs inhibited.",
"Strip phosphates off.",
"Fire mitosis onward."
] | biology | Answer: CDC25 fires CDK engines.
Steps:
1. Mark CDKs inhibited.
2. Strip phosphates off.
3. Fire mitosis onward. | cell_biology |
Gen se přepíše do mRNA, ta se přeloží na ribozomu a vzniklá bílkovina plní svou funkci. | null | bio_1280 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete, jak gen řídí tvorbu bílkoviny. | [
"Přepište gen do mRNA.",
"Přeložte ji na ribozomu.",
"Vypusťte bílkovinu do práce."
] | biology | Answer: Gen píše předpis, ribozom staví.
Steps:
1. Přepište gen do mRNA.
2. Přeložte ji na ribozomu.
3. Vypusťte bílkovinu do práce. | genetics |
(D) Precambrian; the vast Precambrian spans life's first three billion years. | {
"A": "Cenozoic",
"B": "Mesozoic",
"C": "Paleozoic",
"D": "Precambrian"
} | bio_1281 | multiple_choice | en | Which is the oldest era? | [
"Eliminate recent eras.",
"Spot three-billion span.",
"Choose Precambrian."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Precambrian spans oldest.
Steps:
1. Eliminate recent eras.
2. Spot three-billion span.
3. Choose Precambrian.
Answer: (D) | evolution |
(B) Eagle; eagles hunt by day with keen distance vision. | {
"A": "Owl",
"B": "Eagle",
"C": "Bat",
"D": "Moth"
} | bio_1282 | multiple_choice | en | Which is a diurnal animal? | [
"Eliminate night fliers.",
"Spot day hunter.",
"Choose eagle."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Eagles own the day.
Steps:
1. Eliminate night fliers.
2. Spot day hunter.
3. Choose eagle.
Answer: (B) | ecology |
(A) Heart; the muscular heart pumps blood around the body. | {
"A": "Heart",
"B": "Liver",
"C": "Kidney",
"D": "Lung"
} | bio_1283 | multiple_choice | en | Which organ pumps blood? | [
"Eliminate filters.",
"Spot muscle pump.",
"Choose heart."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Hearts pump blood.
Steps:
1. Eliminate filters.
2. Spot muscle pump.
3. Choose heart.
Answer: (A) | physiology |
(D) Vitamin C; scurvy strikes when vitamin C runs out. | {
"A": "Protein",
"B": "Fat",
"C": "Iron",
"D": "Vitamin C"
} | bio_1284 | multiple_choice | en | Which nutrient is missing in scurvy? | [
"Eliminate macros.",
"Spot sailor cure.",
"Choose vitamin C."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Scurvy lacks C.
Steps:
1. Eliminate macros.
2. Spot sailor cure.
3. Choose vitamin C.
Answer: (D) | biochemistry |
(C) Hladké ER; v hladkém endoplazmatickém retikulu se tvoří lipidy. | {
"A": "Drsné ER",
"B": "Lyzozom",
"C": "Hladké ER",
"D": "Vakuola"
} | bio_1285 | multiple_choice | cs | Která organela vyrábí lipidy? | [
"Vylučte výrobce bílkovin.",
"Přiřaďte lipidy hladkému ER.",
"Zvolte hladké ER."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Lipidy vyrábí hladké ER.
Steps:
1. Vylučte výrobce bílkovin.
2. Přiřaďte lipidy hladkému ER.
3. Zvolte hladké ER.
Answer: (C) | cell_biology |
(A) TT x tt; every child gets T from the TT parent and grows tall. | {
"A": "TT x tt",
"B": "Tt x Tt",
"C": "Tt x tt",
"D": "tt x tt"
} | bio_1286 | multiple_choice | en | Which cross yields all tall peas? | [
"Eliminate short makers.",
"Spot universal T.",
"Choose TT x tt."
] | biology | Answer: (A) TT x tt stands all tall.
Steps:
1. Eliminate short makers.
2. Spot universal T.
3. Choose TT x tt.
Answer: (A) | genetics |
The response is 3 mm; heritability 0.3 times the 10 mm selection difference gives the gain. | null | bio_1287 | worked_example | en | Wing heritability is 0.3 and the selection difference is 10 mm. Predict the response to selection. | [
"Multiply R = 0.3 x 10 = 3 mm.",
"Recompute: 3 / 10 = 0.3.",
"Report 3 mm."
] | biology | Answer: 3 mm.
Steps:
1. Multiply R = 0.3 x 10 = 3 mm.
2. Recompute: 3 / 10 = 0.3.
3. Report 3 mm. | evolution |
1200 trees stand; 3 hectares times 400 trees each gives the orchard. | null | bio_1288 | worked_example | en | An orchard covers 3 hectares with 400 trees per hectare. Calculate the trees. | [
"Multiply 3 x 400 = 1200.",
"Recompute: 1200 / 3 = 400.",
"Report 1200 trees."
] | biology | Answer: 1200 trees.
Steps:
1. Multiply 3 x 400 = 1200.
2. Recompute: 1200 / 3 = 400.
3. Report 1200 trees. | ecology |
12 mm per year; 1 mm monthly over 12 months gives yearly growth. | null | bio_1289 | worked_example | en | Toenails grow 1 mm per month. Calculate yearly growth in mm. | [
"Multiply 1 x 12 = 12.",
"Recompute: 12 / 12 = 1.",
"Report 12 mm."
] | biology | Answer: 12 mm per year.
Steps:
1. Multiply 1 x 12 = 12.
2. Recompute: 12 / 12 = 1.
3. Report 12 mm. | physiology |
60 gramů tuku; 200 gramů sýra krát 30 procent dá tučnou část. | null | bio_1290 | worked_example | cs | Sýr obsahuje 30 procent tuku. Kolik gramů tuku je ve 200 g sýra? | [
"Převeďte 30 procent = 0,3.",
"Vynásobte 200 x 0,3 = 60.",
"Přepočítejte: 60 / 200 = 0,3."
] | biology | Answer: 60 g tuku.
Steps:
1. Převeďte 30 procent = 0,3.
2. Vynásobte 200 x 0,3 = 60.
3. Přepočítejte: 60 / 200 = 0,3. | biochemistry |
About 1/50, i.e. 2 percent; 500 nm of the 25,000 nm cell gives the share. | null | bio_1291 | worked_example | en | A lysosome is 500 nm wide in a 25 µm cell. What fraction of cell width is it? | [
"Convert 25 µm = 25000 nm.",
"Divide 500 / 25000 = 1/50.",
"Convert to 2 percent.",
"Recompute: 25000 / 50 = 500."
] | biology | Answer: 1/50, i.e. 2 percent.
Steps:
1. Convert 25 µm = 25000 nm.
2. Divide 500 / 25000 = 1/50.
3. Convert to 2 percent.
4. Recompute: 25000 / 50 = 500. | cell_biology |
Whole chromosome arms trade places between nonhomologs, reshuffling gene neighborhoods at once. | null | bio_1292 | concept | en | Explain whole-arm translocations. | [
"Break near centromeres.",
"Trade whole arms.",
"Reshuffle neighborhoods."
] | biology | Answer: Whole arms trade places.
Steps:
1. Break near centromeres.
2. Trade whole arms.
3. Reshuffle neighborhoods. | genetics |
Nest guarding and live birth evolved in crocodiles and some lizards where eggs face hungry jaws. | null | bio_1293 | concept | en | Explain parental care in reptiles. | [
"Guard nests fiercely.",
"Bear live young.",
"Dodge hungry jaws."
] | biology | Answer: Reptiles guard scaly young.
Steps:
1. Guard nests fiercely.
2. Bear live young.
3. Dodge hungry jaws. | evolution |
Anoxia below 150 meters leaves only surface waters alive with anchovies and dolphins. | null | bio_1294 | concept | en | Describe the Black Sea ecosystem. | [
"Stratify seas still.",
"Kill deeps anoxic.",
"Float life shallow."
] | biology | Answer: Black Sea lives shallow.
Steps:
1. Stratify seas still.
2. Kill deeps anoxic.
3. Float life shallow. | ecology |
Dvanáctník mísí tráveninu se žlučí a šťávami slinivky a tráví tuky, bílkoviny i škroby. | null | bio_1295 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete funkci dvanáctníku. | [
"Přijměte kyselou tráveninu.",
"Přimíchejte žluč a šťávy.",
"Strávte všechny živiny."
] | biology | Answer: Dvanáctník tráví vše najednou.
Steps:
1. Přijměte kyselou tráveninu.
2. Přimíchejte žluč a šťávy.
3. Strávte všechny živiny. | physiology |
Mixed-linkage glucose chains thicken oat walls and lower blood cholesterol when eaten. | null | bio_1296 | concept | en | Describe the structure of beta-glucans. | [
"Link glucose mixed.",
"Thicken oat walls.",
"Lower cholesterol eaten."
] | biology | Answer: Beta-glucans thicken oats.
Steps:
1. Link glucose mixed.
2. Thicken oat walls.
3. Lower cholesterol eaten. | biochemistry |
WEE1 adds inhibitory phosphates that hold CDKs back until the cell grows ready. | null | bio_1297 | concept | en | Explain WEE1 kinase. | [
"Mark CDKs early.",
"Hold them phosphorylated.",
"Release them grown."
] | biology | Answer: WEE1 brakes young CDKs.
Steps:
1. Mark CDKs early.
2. Hold them phosphorylated.
3. Release them grown. | cell_biology |
Rearranged chromosomes earn der labels tracing each translocation partner and breakpoint. | null | bio_1298 | concept | en | Explain derivative chromosomes. | [
"Rearrange chromosomes.",
"Label them der.",
"Trace partners, breaks."
] | biology | Answer: Der labels trace rearrangements.
Steps:
1. Rearrange chromosomes.
2. Label them der.
3. Trace partners, breaks. | genetics |
Hummingbirds drop into nightly torpor, burning a fraction of daytime fuel to survive cold nights. | null | bio_1299 | concept | en | Explain torpor in hummingbirds. | [
"Burn days furious.",
"Drop nights torpid.",
"Save fuel till dawn."
] | biology | Answer: Hummers idle nights cold.
Steps:
1. Burn days furious.
2. Drop nights torpid.
3. Save fuel till dawn. | evolution |
Lesy čistí vzduch, zadržují vodu, ukládají uhlík a hostí většinu suchozemských druhů. | null | bio_1300 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete význam lesů. | [
"Čistěte vzduch.",
"Zadržujte vodu.",
"Hostěte druhy."
] | biology | Answer: Lesy drží život souše.
Steps:
1. Čistěte vzduch.
2. Zadržujte vodu.
3. Hostěte druhy. | ecology |
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