answer string | choices dict | id string | kind string | lang string | question string | steps list | subject string | text string | topic string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(B) Hemoglobin; iron-rich hemoglobin reddens blood and carries oxygen. | {
"A": "Keratin",
"B": "Hemoglobin",
"C": "Collagen",
"D": "Insulin"
} | bio_1301 | multiple_choice | en | Which protein makes blood red? | [
"Eliminate skin proteins.",
"Spot iron pigment.",
"Choose hemoglobin."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Hemoglobin reddens blood.
Steps:
1. Eliminate skin proteins.
2. Spot iron pigment.
3. Choose hemoglobin.
Answer: (B) | physiology |
(D) Fluoride; fluoride hardens enamel against decay. | {
"A": "Iron",
"B": "Zinc",
"C": "Iodine",
"D": "Fluoride"
} | bio_1302 | multiple_choice | en | Which mineral strengthens teeth? | [
"Eliminate blood mineral.",
"Spot enamel guard.",
"Choose fluoride."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Fluoride armors teeth.
Steps:
1. Eliminate blood mineral.
2. Spot enamel guard.
3. Choose fluoride.
Answer: (D) | biochemistry |
(A) Lysosome; lysosomes digest engulfed bacteria with acid enzymes. | {
"A": "Lysosome",
"B": "Ribosome",
"C": "Nucleolus",
"D": "Centriole"
} | bio_1303 | multiple_choice | en | Which organelle digests bacteria? | [
"Eliminate builders.",
"Spot acid digesters.",
"Choose lysosome."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Lysosomes eat bacteria.
Steps:
1. Eliminate builders.
2. Spot acid digesters.
3. Choose lysosome.
Answer: (A) | cell_biology |
(C) aa; purebred recessive means two identical recessive alleles. | {
"A": "AA",
"B": "Aa",
"C": "aa",
"D": "AaBb"
} | bio_1304 | multiple_choice | en | Which genotype is purebred recessive? | [
"Eliminate dominant pairs.",
"Spot double recessive.",
"Choose aa."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Purebred recessive is aa.
Steps:
1. Eliminate dominant pairs.
2. Spot double recessive.
3. Choose aa.
Answer: (C) | genetics |
(D) Kenozoikum; je současnou nejmladší érou. | {
"A": "Paleozoikum",
"B": "Mezozoikum",
"C": "Proterozoikum",
"D": "Kenozoikum"
} | bio_1305 | multiple_choice | cs | Která éra je nejmladší? | [
"Vylučte staré éry.",
"Přiřaďte současnost kenozoiku.",
"Zvolte kenozoikum."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Nejmladší je kenozoikum.
Steps:
1. Vylučte staré éry.
2. Přiřaďte současnost kenozoiku.
3. Zvolte kenozoikum.
Answer: (D) | evolution |
(B) Hedgehogs; hedgehogs sleep through winter in hibernation. | {
"A": "Swallows",
"B": "Hedgehogs",
"C": "Sparrows",
"D": "Robins"
} | bio_1306 | multiple_choice | en | Which animals hibernate? | [
"Eliminate migrants.",
"Spot winter sleepers.",
"Choose hedgehogs."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Hedgehogs winter asleep.
Steps:
1. Eliminate migrants.
2. Spot winter sleepers.
3. Choose hedgehogs.
Answer: (B) | ecology |
0.05 percent daily; 50 of 100,000 hairs gives the shedding share. | null | bio_1307 | worked_example | en | The scalp has 100,000 hairs and loses 50 daily. Calculate the daily percent lost. | [
"Divide 50 / 100000 = 0.0005.",
"Convert to 0.05 percent.",
"Recompute: 100000 x 0.0005 = 50."
] | biology | Answer: 0.05 percent.
Steps:
1. Divide 50 / 100000 = 0.0005.
2. Convert to 0.05 percent.
3. Recompute: 100000 x 0.0005 = 50. | physiology |
10 grams of lactose; 200 mL at 5 g per 100 mL gives the sugar. | null | bio_1308 | worked_example | en | Milk holds 5 g of lactose per 100 mL. How many grams are in 200 mL? | [
"Rate: 5/100 = 0.05.",
"Multiply 200 x 0.05 = 10.",
"Recompute: 10/200 = 0.05."
] | biology | Answer: 10 g of lactose.
Steps:
1. Rate: 5/100 = 0.05.
2. Multiply 200 x 0.05 = 10.
3. Recompute: 10/200 = 0.05. | biochemistry |
About 1/40, i.e. 2.5 percent; 500 nm of the 20,000 nm cell gives the share. | null | bio_1309 | worked_example | en | A peroxisome is 500 nm wide in a 20 µm liver cell. What fraction of cell width is it? | [
"Convert 20 µm = 20000 nm.",
"Divide 500 / 20000 = 1/40.",
"Convert to 2.5 percent.",
"Recompute: 20000 / 40 = 500."
] | biology | Answer: 1/40, i.e. 2.5 percent.
Steps:
1. Convert 20 µm = 20000 nm.
2. Divide 500 / 20000 = 1/40.
3. Convert to 2.5 percent.
4. Recompute: 20000 / 40 = 500. | cell_biology |
Pravděpodobnost je 1/4, tedy 25 procent; P(Aa) krát P(Bb) dá dvojitého heterozygota. | null | bio_1310 | worked_example | cs | Při křížení AaBb x AaBb vypočítejte pravděpodobnost potomka s genotypem AaBb. | [
"Určete P(Aa) = 1/2 a P(Bb) = 1/2.",
"Vynásobte 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4.",
"Převeďte na 25 procent.",
"Přepočítejte: 1/4 x 16 = 4 ze 16."
] | biology | Answer: 1/4, tedy 25 procent.
Steps:
1. Určete P(Aa) = 1/2 a P(Bb) = 1/2.
2. Vynásobte 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4.
3. Převeďte na 25 procent.
4. Přepočítejte: 1/4 x 16 = 4 ze 16. | genetics |
16 aa individuals; q squared of 0.04 times 400 gives the expected count. | null | bio_1311 | worked_example | en | In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium q=0.2 in 400 diploid individuals. How many aa individuals are expected? | [
"Square q: 0.2 x 0.2 = 0.04.",
"Multiply 0.04 x 400 = 16.",
"Recompute: 16/400 = 0.04."
] | biology | Answer: 16 aa individuals.
Steps:
1. Square q: 0.2 x 0.2 = 0.04.
2. Multiply 0.04 x 400 = 16.
3. Recompute: 16/400 = 0.04. | evolution |
The landlocked sea shelters sturgeons and seals amid oil rigs and falling water levels. | null | bio_1312 | concept | en | Describe the Caspian Sea ecosystem. | [
"Lock seas landward.",
"Shelter sturgeons, seals.",
"Fall waters lower."
] | biology | Answer: Caspian shelters inland seas.
Steps:
1. Lock seas landward.
2. Shelter sturgeons, seals.
3. Fall waters lower. | ecology |
The putamen tunes habitual movements, wearing down in Parkinson's shuffling gait. | null | bio_1313 | concept | en | Explain the putamen in movement. | [
"Tune habits moving.",
"Smooth gait steady.",
"Wear Parkinson's down."
] | biology | Answer: Putamen habits motion.
Steps:
1. Tune habits moving.
2. Smooth gait steady.
3. Wear Parkinson's down. | physiology |
Mannose chains glue plant walls and feed gut bacteria as soluble fiber. | null | bio_1314 | concept | en | Describe the structure of mannans. | [
"Chain mannose long.",
"Glue walls firm.",
"Feed gut flora."
] | biology | Answer: Mannans glue, feed.
Steps:
1. Chain mannose long.
2. Glue walls firm.
3. Feed gut flora. | biochemistry |
Dělící vřeténko z mikrotubulů rozváží chromozomy k pólům a řídí jejich rozchod. | null | bio_1315 | concept | cs | Popište dělící vřeténko. | [
"Popište svazek mikrotubulů.",
"Zachytěte chromozomy.",
"Rozvezte je k pólům."
] | biology | Answer: Vřeténko rozváží chromozomy.
Steps:
1. Popište svazek mikrotubulů.
2. Zachytěte chromozomy.
3. Rozvezte je k pólům. | cell_biology |
Mirror-image arms around two centromeres tear each division and cause severe syndromes. | null | bio_1316 | concept | en | Explain isodicentric chromosomes. | [
"Mirror arms doubled.",
"Center dicentrics two.",
"Tear divisions severe."
] | biology | Answer: Isodicentrics tear doubled.
Steps:
1. Mirror arms doubled.
2. Center dicentrics two.
3. Tear divisions severe. | genetics |
Lungfish burrow into mud cocoons and breathe air through dry seasons without water. | null | bio_1317 | concept | en | Explain estivation in lungfish. | [
"Burrow mud cocoons.",
"Breathe air dry.",
"Wait rains return."
] | biology | Answer: Lungfish cocoon through drought.
Steps:
1. Burrow mud cocoons.
2. Breathe air dry.
3. Wait rains return. | evolution |
Soviet irrigation drained a sea into desert, salting soils and beaching fishing fleets. | null | bio_1318 | concept | en | Explain the Aral Sea disaster. | [
"Divert rivers dry.",
"Shrink seas desert.",
"Salt soils, beach fleets."
] | biology | Answer: Aral drained to desert.
Steps:
1. Divert rivers dry.
2. Shrink seas desert.
3. Salt soils, beach fleets. | ecology |
The globus pallidus brakes unwanted motion, overactive in Parkinson's rigidity. | null | bio_1319 | concept | en | Explain the globus pallidus. | [
"Brake motion unwanted.",
"Tune muscle tone.",
"Freeze Parkinson's rigid."
] | biology | Answer: Pallidus brakes motion.
Steps:
1. Brake motion unwanted.
2. Tune muscle tone.
3. Freeze Parkinson's rigid. | physiology |
Kvašení rozkládá cukry bez kyslíku na alkohol nebo kyselinu mléčnou a uvolňuje energii. | null | bio_1320 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete, co je to kvašení. | [
"Rozložte cukry bez kyslíku.",
"Vytvořte alkohol či kyselinu.",
"Uvolněte energii."
] | biology | Answer: Kvašení kvasí cukry bez vzduchu.
Steps:
1. Rozložte cukry bez kyslíku.
2. Vytvořte alkohol či kyselinu.
3. Uvolněte energii. | biochemistry |
(B) Golgi apparatus; the Golgi modifies, sorts, and ships proteins. | {
"A": "Ribosome",
"B": "Golgi apparatus",
"C": "Lysosome",
"D": "Vacuole"
} | bio_1321 | multiple_choice | en | Which organelle modifies proteins? | [
"Eliminate builders.",
"Spot modifier shipper.",
"Choose Golgi apparatus."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Golgi refines proteins.
Steps:
1. Eliminate builders.
2. Spot modifier shipper.
3. Choose Golgi apparatus.
Answer: (B) | cell_biology |
(D) Translation; ribosomes translate mRNA into protein chains. | {
"A": "Transcription",
"B": "Replication",
"C": "Mutation",
"D": "Translation"
} | bio_1322 | multiple_choice | en | Which process builds proteins from mRNA? | [
"Eliminate DNA copying.",
"Spot ribosome building.",
"Choose translation."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Translation builds proteins.
Steps:
1. Eliminate DNA copying.
2. Spot ribosome building.
3. Choose translation.
Answer: (D) | genetics |
(A) Bacteria; bacteria-like cells preceded all other groups by billions of years. | {
"A": "Bacteria",
"B": "Fish",
"C": "Reptiles",
"D": "Mammals"
} | bio_1323 | multiple_choice | en | Which group evolved first? | [
"Eliminate latecomers.",
"Spot ancient microbes.",
"Choose bacteria."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Bacteria came first.
Steps:
1. Eliminate latecomers.
2. Spot ancient microbes.
3. Choose bacteria.
Answer: (A) | evolution |
(C) Cane toad in Australia; introduced toads poisoned native predators and spread unchecked. | {
"A": "Oak in England",
"B": "Panda in China",
"C": "Cane toad in Australia",
"D": "Lion in Africa"
} | bio_1324 | multiple_choice | en | Which is an invasive species? | [
"Eliminate native ranges.",
"Spot introduced pest.",
"Choose cane toad."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Cane toads invade Australia.
Steps:
1. Eliminate native ranges.
2. Spot introduced pest.
3. Choose cane toad.
Answer: (C) | ecology |
(B) Srdeční sval; pracuje bez únavy celý život. | {
"A": "Biceps",
"B": "Srdeční sval",
"C": "Bránice",
"D": "Žvýkací sval"
} | bio_1325 | multiple_choice | cs | Který sval nikdy neunaví? | [
"Vylučte kosterní svaly.",
"Přiřaďte vytrvalost srdci.",
"Zvolte srdeční sval."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Srdce neunaví nikdy.
Steps:
1. Vylučte kosterní svaly.
2. Přiřaďte vytrvalost srdci.
3. Zvolte srdeční sval.
Answer: (B) | physiology |
(D) Chicken; poultry meat packs complete protein. | {
"A": "Apples",
"B": "Rice",
"C": "Potatoes",
"D": "Chicken"
} | bio_1326 | multiple_choice | en | Which foods are rich in protein? | [
"Eliminate fruits.",
"Eliminate starches.",
"Choose chicken."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Chicken packs protein.
Steps:
1. Eliminate fruits.
2. Eliminate starches.
3. Choose chicken.
Answer: (D) | biochemistry |
About 1/8, i.e. 12.5 percent; 5 µm of the 40 µm cell gives the share. | null | bio_1327 | worked_example | en | A chloroplast is 5 µm wide in a 40 µm cell. What fraction of cell width is it? | [
"Divide 5 / 40 = 1/8.",
"Convert to 12.5 percent.",
"Recompute: 40 / 8 = 5."
] | biology | Answer: 1/8, i.e. 12.5 percent.
Steps:
1. Divide 5 / 40 = 1/8.
2. Convert to 12.5 percent.
3. Recompute: 40 / 8 = 5. | cell_biology |
The probability is 1/32, i.e. 3.125 percent; P(AA) times P(Bb) times P(cc) gives the genotype. | null | bio_1328 | worked_example | en | For the cross AaBbCc x AaBbCc, calculate the probability of AABbcc offspring. | [
"P(AA)=1/4, P(Bb)=1/2, P(cc)=1/4.",
"Multiply 1/4 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/32.",
"Convert to 3.125 percent.",
"Recompute: 1/32 x 64 = 2 of 64."
] | biology | Answer: 1/32, i.e. 3.125 percent.
Steps:
1. P(AA)=1/4, P(Bb)=1/2, P(cc)=1/4.
2. Multiply 1/4 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/32.
3. Convert to 3.125 percent.
4. Recompute: 1/32 x 64 = 2 of 64. | genetics |
252 aa individuals; q squared of 0.36 times 700 gives the expected count. | null | bio_1329 | worked_example | en | In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium q=0.6 in 700 diploid individuals. How many aa individuals are expected? | [
"Square q: 0.6 x 0.6 = 0.36.",
"Multiply 0.36 x 700 = 252.",
"Recompute: 252/700 = 0.36."
] | biology | Answer: 252 aa individuals.
Steps:
1. Square q: 0.6 x 0.6 = 0.36.
2. Multiply 0.36 x 700 = 252.
3. Recompute: 252/700 = 0.36. | evolution |
V rybníce žije asi 630 candátů; plocha krát hustota dá celkový počet. | null | bio_1330 | worked_example | cs | Rybník má 7 hektarů a hustota je 90 candátů na hektar. Vypočítejte počet candátů. | [
"Vynásobte 7 x 90 = 630.",
"Přepočítejte: 630 / 7 = 90.",
"Uveďte asi 630 candátů."
] | biology | Answer: Asi 630 candátů.
Steps:
1. Vynásobte 7 x 90 = 630.
2. Přepočítejte: 630 / 7 = 90.
3. Uveďte asi 630 candátů. | ecology |
1440 seconds, i.e. 24 minutes; 14,400 blinks times 0.1 seconds gives daily blink time. | null | bio_1331 | worked_example | en | Eyes blink 14,400 times daily at 0.1 s each. Calculate daily blink seconds. | [
"Multiply 14400 x 0.1 = 1440 s.",
"Convert to 24 minutes.",
"Recompute: 1440 / 0.1 = 14400."
] | biology | Answer: 1440 s, i.e. 24 min.
Steps:
1. Multiply 14400 x 0.1 = 1440 s.
2. Convert to 24 minutes.
3. Recompute: 1440 / 0.1 = 14400. | physiology |
Vanadium centers haloperoxidases in algae that make defensive halogen compounds. | null | bio_1332 | concept | en | Explain the role of vanadium in enzymes. | [
"Center vanadium in peroxidase.",
"Halogenate defenses.",
"Guard algae chemical."
] | biology | Answer: Vanadium arms algal defense.
Steps:
1. Center vanadium in peroxidase.
2. Halogenate defenses.
3. Guard algae chemical. | biochemistry |
Stalled forks activate ATR-CHK1 to pause origin firing and protect forks until damage clears. | null | bio_1333 | concept | en | Explain the DNA replication checkpoint. | [
"Stall forks damaged.",
"Pause origins firing.",
"Protect forks till clear."
] | biology | Answer: Replication pauses for repairs.
Steps:
1. Stall forks damaged.
2. Pause origins firing.
3. Protect forks till clear. | cell_biology |
Chromosome ends fuse to foreign telomeres, capping breaks but scrambling terminal genes. | null | bio_1334 | concept | en | Explain telomeric translocations. | [
"Break ends raw.",
"Fuse foreign telomeres.",
"Scramble terminal genes."
] | biology | Answer: Ends fuse, genes scramble.
Steps:
1. Break ends raw.
2. Fuse foreign telomeres.
3. Scramble terminal genes. | genetics |
Hmyz vzešel z korýšům podobných předků: křídla, kutikula a proměna mu otevřely souš i vzduch. | null | bio_1335 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete evoluci hmyzu. | [
"Vyjděte z členovců.",
"Získejte křídla a kutikulu.",
"Ovládněte souš i vzduch."
] | biology | Answer: Hmyz dobyl svět křídly.
Steps:
1. Vyjděte z členovců.
2. Získejte křídla a kutikulu.
3. Ovládněte souš i vzduch. | evolution |
Hungary's great plain pastures grey cattle and sheep beneath skies of cranes and bustards. | null | bio_1336 | concept | en | Describe the Hortobágy Puszta ecosystem. | [
"Pasture plains vast.",
"Graze grey cattle.",
"Fly cranes above."
] | biology | Answer: Puszta pastures endless sky.
Steps:
1. Pasture plains vast.
2. Graze grey cattle.
3. Fly cranes above. | ecology |
The jejunum absorbs sugars, amino acids, and fats through dense villi into blood and lymph. | null | bio_1337 | concept | en | Explain the function of the jejunum. | [
"Fold villi dense.",
"Absorb sugars, fats.",
"Feed blood, lymph."
] | biology | Answer: Jejunum drinks nutrients.
Steps:
1. Fold villi dense.
2. Absorb sugars, fats.
3. Feed blood, lymph. | physiology |
Glucose chains with xylose branches glue cellulose in growing plant walls. | null | bio_1338 | concept | en | Describe the structure of xyloglucan. | [
"Chain glucose long.",
"Branch xylose off.",
"Glue growing walls."
] | biology | Answer: Xyloglucan glues young walls.
Steps:
1. Chain glucose long.
2. Branch xylose off.
3. Glue growing walls. | biochemistry |
MYT1 phosphorylates CDKs to hold mitosis back until membranes and Golgi divide ready. | null | bio_1339 | concept | en | Explain MYT1 kinase. | [
"Mark CDKs waiting.",
"Hold mitosis back.",
"Release membranes ready."
] | biology | Answer: MYT1 delays mitosis ready.
Steps:
1. Mark CDKs waiting.
2. Hold mitosis back.
3. Release membranes ready. | cell_biology |
Krevní skupiny AB0 určují alely IA, IB a i; IA a IB jsou dominantní vůči i a mezi sebou kodominantní. | null | bio_1340 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete, jak se dědí krevní skupiny. | [
"Vyjmenujte alely IA, IB, i.",
"Přiřaďte dominance.",
"Zkombinujte genotypy skupin."
] | biology | Answer: Krevní skupiny míchají tři alely.
Steps:
1. Vyjmenujte alely IA, IB, i.
2. Přiřaďte dominance.
3. Zkombinujte genotypy skupin. | genetics |
(A) Cretaceous; the Cretaceous extinction 66 million years ago ended the dinosaurs. | {
"A": "Cretaceous",
"B": "Permian",
"C": "Triassic",
"D": "Devonian"
} | bio_1341 | multiple_choice | en | Which mass extinction killed the dinosaurs? | [
"Eliminate older dyings.",
"Spot 66 Mya impact.",
"Choose Cretaceous."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Cretaceous felled dinosaurs.
Steps:
1. Eliminate older dyings.
2. Spot 66 Mya impact.
3. Choose Cretaceous.
Answer: (A) | evolution |
(C) Solar; sunlight renews daily unlike fossil fuels. | {
"A": "Coal",
"B": "Oil",
"C": "Solar",
"D": "Gas"
} | bio_1342 | multiple_choice | en | Which is a renewable energy source? | [
"Eliminate fossil fuels.",
"Spot daily renewal.",
"Choose solar."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Solar renews daily.
Steps:
1. Eliminate fossil fuels.
2. Spot daily renewal.
3. Choose solar.
Answer: (C) | ecology |
(D) Cones; cone cells in the retina detect color. | {
"A": "Lens",
"B": "Pupil",
"C": "Iris",
"D": "Cones"
} | bio_1343 | multiple_choice | en | Which part of the eye senses color? | [
"Eliminate optics.",
"Spot color sensors.",
"Choose cones."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Cones paint color.
Steps:
1. Eliminate optics.
2. Spot color sensors.
3. Choose cones.
Answer: (D) | physiology |
(B) Iron; iron shortage starves hemoglobin and causes anemia. | {
"A": "Vitamin C",
"B": "Iron",
"C": "Calcium",
"D": "Zinc"
} | bio_1344 | multiple_choice | en | Which nutrient deficiency causes anemia? | [
"Eliminate bone minerals.",
"Spot hemoglobin lack.",
"Choose iron."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Anemia lacks iron.
Steps:
1. Eliminate bone minerals.
2. Spot hemoglobin lack.
3. Choose iron.
Answer: (B) | biochemistry |
(D) Lyzozom; lyzozomy tráví pohlcené bakterie kyselými enzymy. | {
"A": "Ribozom",
"B": "Jádro",
"C": "Centriola",
"D": "Lyzozom"
} | bio_1345 | multiple_choice | cs | Která organela tráví bakterie? | [
"Vylučte stavitele.",
"Přiřaďte trávení lyzozomu.",
"Zvolte lyzozom."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Bakterie tráví lyzozomy.
Steps:
1. Vylučte stavitele.
2. Přiřaďte trávení lyzozomu.
3. Zvolte lyzozom.
Answer: (D) | cell_biology |
(C) AA; purebred dominant means two identical dominant alleles. | {
"A": "aa",
"B": "Aa",
"C": "AA",
"D": "AaBb"
} | bio_1346 | multiple_choice | en | Which genotype is purebred dominant? | [
"Eliminate recessive pairs.",
"Spot double dominant.",
"Choose AA."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Purebred dominant is AA.
Steps:
1. Eliminate recessive pairs.
2. Spot double dominant.
3. Choose AA.
Answer: (C) | genetics |
The response is 1.8 mm; heritability 0.9 times the 2 mm selection difference gives the gain. | null | bio_1347 | worked_example | en | Bill heritability is 0.9 and the selection difference is 2 mm. Predict the response to selection. | [
"Multiply R = 0.9 x 2 = 1.8 mm.",
"Recompute: 1.8 / 2 = 0.9.",
"Report 1.8 mm."
] | biology | Answer: 1.8 mm.
Steps:
1. Multiply R = 0.9 x 2 = 1.8 mm.
2. Recompute: 1.8 / 2 = 0.9.
3. Report 1.8 mm. | evolution |
12,500 vines grow; 5 hectares times 2500 vines each gives the vineyard. | null | bio_1348 | worked_example | en | A vineyard covers 5 hectares with 2500 vines per hectare. Calculate the vines. | [
"Multiply 5 x 2500 = 12500.",
"Recompute: 12500 / 5 = 2500.",
"Report 12500 vines."
] | biology | Answer: 12500 vines.
Steps:
1. Multiply 5 x 2500 = 12500.
2. Recompute: 12500 / 5 = 2500.
3. Report 12500 vines. | ecology |
About 0.21 percent; 150 g of the 70,000 g body is spleen. | null | bio_1349 | worked_example | en | The spleen weighs 150 g in a 70 kg body. Calculate the spleen percent. | [
"Convert 70 kg = 70000 g.",
"Divide 150 / 70000 = 0.00214.",
"Convert to about 0.21 percent.",
"Recompute: 70000 x 0.00214 = 150."
] | biology | Answer: About 0.21 percent.
Steps:
1. Convert 70 kg = 70000 g.
2. Divide 150 / 70000 = 0.00214.
3. Convert to about 0.21 percent.
4. Recompute: 70000 x 0.00214 = 150. | physiology |
16 gramů tuku; 20 gramů másla krát 80 procent dá tučnou část. | null | bio_1350 | worked_example | cs | Máslo obsahuje 80 procent tuku. Kolik gramů tuku je ve 20 g másla? | [
"Převeďte 80 procent = 0,8.",
"Vynásobte 20 x 0,8 = 16.",
"Přepočítejte: 16 / 20 = 0,8."
] | biology | Answer: 16 g tuku.
Steps:
1. Převeďte 80 procent = 0,8.
2. Vynásobte 20 x 0,8 = 16.
3. Přepočítejte: 16 / 20 = 0,8. | biochemistry |
3 times smaller; 3 µm divided by 1 µm gives the ratio. | null | bio_1351 | worked_example | en | A mitochondrion is 1 µm long in a 3 µm bacterium-sized cell. How many times smaller is it? | [
"Divide 3 / 1 = 3.",
"Recompute: 3 x 1 = 3.",
"Report 3 times."
] | biology | Answer: 3 times smaller.
Steps:
1. Divide 3 / 1 = 3.
2. Recompute: 3 x 1 = 3.
3. Report 3 times. | cell_biology |
Broken pieces keeping centromeres segregate on while their lost arms delete genes. | null | bio_1352 | concept | en | Explain centric fragments. | [
"Break arms away.",
"Keep centromere grip.",
"Delete lost genes."
] | biology | Answer: Centric pieces persist partial.
Steps:
1. Break arms away.
2. Keep centromere grip.
3. Delete lost genes. | genetics |
Female choice sculpted capes, wires, and dances that handicap males yet win mates. | null | bio_1353 | concept | en | Explain display in birds of paradise. | [
"Choose females picky.",
"Sculpt capes, dances.",
"Handicap males winning."
] | biology | Answer: Choosy hens sculpt dancers.
Steps:
1. Choose females picky.
2. Sculpt capes, dances.
3. Handicap males winning. | evolution |
Tenfold salt bars fish and plants, leaving only microbes thriving in buoyant brine. | null | bio_1354 | concept | en | Describe the Dead Sea ecosystem. | [
"Salt waters tenfold.",
"Bar fish, plants.",
"Float microbes buoyant."
] | biology | Answer: Dead Sea salts life out.
Steps:
1. Salt waters tenfold.
2. Bar fish, plants.
3. Float microbes buoyant. | ecology |
Lačník vstřebává cukry, aminokyseliny a tuky hustými klky do krve a mízy. | null | bio_1355 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete funkci lačníku. | [
"Rozložte klky hustě.",
"Vstřebejte živiny.",
"Naplňte krev a mízu."
] | biology | Answer: Lačník saje živiny.
Steps:
1. Rozložte klky hustě.
2. Vstřebejte živiny.
3. Naplňte krev a mízu. | physiology |
Mannose backbones with galactose branches thicken seeds and ice cream alike. | null | bio_1356 | concept | en | Describe the structure of galactomannan. | [
"Backbone mannose chains.",
"Branch galactose off.",
"Thicken seeds, cream."
] | biology | Answer: Galactomannan thickens smooth.
Steps:
1. Backbone mannose chains.
2. Branch galactose off.
3. Thicken seeds, cream. | biochemistry |
PLK4 seeds exactly one new centriole per old one, blocking extra spindle poles. | null | bio_1357 | concept | en | Explain PLK4 in centriole duplication. | [
"Seed centrioles singly.",
"Block extra poles.",
"Duplicate once only."
] | biology | Answer: PLK4 counts centrioles one.
Steps:
1. Seed centrioles singly.
2. Block extra poles.
3. Duplicate once only. | cell_biology |
Kinetochores assemble on bare DNA without alpha satellites, rescuing broken chromosomes. | null | bio_1358 | concept | en | Explain neocentromeres. | [
"Lose old centromere.",
"Assemble kinetochore anew.",
"Rescue broken pieces."
] | biology | Answer: Neocentromeres seed rescue grips.
Steps:
1. Lose old centromere.
2. Assemble kinetochore anew.
3. Rescue broken pieces. | genetics |
Otters crack shellfish with stone anvils, a skill mothers teach pups for rich calories. | null | bio_1359 | concept | en | Explain tool use in sea otters. | [
"Crack shells stoned.",
"Teach pups skilled.",
"Eat riches earned."
] | biology | Answer: Otters hammer seafood.
Steps:
1. Crack shells stoned.
2. Teach pups skilled.
3. Eat riches earned. | evolution |
Mokřady čistí vodu, tlumí povodně, ukládají uhlík a hostí obojživelníky a ptáky. | null | bio_1360 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete význam mokřadů. | [
"Čistěte vodu.",
"Tlumte povodně.",
"Hostěte ptáky."
] | biology | Answer: Mokřady čistí a chrání.
Steps:
1. Čistěte vodu.
2. Tlumte povodně.
3. Hostěte ptáky. | ecology |
(D) AB; group AB accepts all blood types without clumping. | {
"A": "O",
"B": "A",
"C": "B",
"D": "AB"
} | bio_1361 | multiple_choice | en | Which blood type is the universal recipient? | [
"Eliminate bare groups.",
"Spot full tolerance.",
"Choose AB."
] | biology | Answer: (D) AB receives all.
Steps:
1. Eliminate bare groups.
2. Spot full tolerance.
3. Choose AB.
Answer: (D) | physiology |
(B) Cellulose; cellulose fiber keeps digestion moving. | {
"A": "Sugar",
"B": "Cellulose",
"C": "Starch",
"D": "Glucose"
} | bio_1362 | multiple_choice | en | Which fiber helps digestion? | [
"Eliminate sweet sugars.",
"Spot moving fiber.",
"Choose cellulose."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Cellulose moves guts.
Steps:
1. Eliminate sweet sugars.
2. Spot moving fiber.
3. Choose cellulose.
Answer: (B) | biochemistry |
(A) Amyloplast; amyloplasts stock starch in roots and seeds. | {
"A": "Amyloplast",
"B": "Mitochondrion",
"C": "Nucleus",
"D": "Ribosome"
} | bio_1363 | multiple_choice | en | Which organelle stores starch in plants? | [
"Eliminate burners.",
"Spot starch stockers.",
"Choose amyloplast."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Amyloplasts stock starch.
Steps:
1. Eliminate burners.
2. Spot starch stockers.
3. Choose amyloplast.
Answer: (A) | cell_biology |
(C) Turner syndrome; a single X with no second sex chromosome causes Turner syndrome. | {
"A": "Normal female",
"B": "Normal male",
"C": "Turner syndrome",
"D": "Klinefelter syndrome"
} | bio_1364 | multiple_choice | en | Which condition has XO genotype? | [
"Eliminate normal pairs.",
"Spot lone X.",
"Choose Turner syndrome."
] | biology | Answer: (C) XO means Turner.
Steps:
1. Eliminate normal pairs.
2. Spot lone X.
3. Choose Turner syndrome.
Answer: (C) | genetics |
(A) Dopad planetky; před 66 miliony let zatemněl oblohu a ochladil planetu. | {
"A": "Dopad planetky",
"B": "Doba ledová",
"C": "Sopky samotné",
"D": "Nemoc"
} | bio_1365 | multiple_choice | cs | Která událost vyhubila dinosaury? | [
"Vylučte pomalé příčiny.",
"Přiřaďte náraz planetce.",
"Zvolte dopad planetky."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Dinosaury smetla planetka.
Steps:
1. Vylučte pomalé příčiny.
2. Přiřaďte náraz planetce.
3. Zvolte dopad planetky.
Answer: (A) | evolution |
(D) Tundra; tundra endures the coldest year-round temperatures of vegetated biomes. | {
"A": "Desert",
"B": "Savanna",
"C": "Taiga",
"D": "Tundra"
} | bio_1366 | multiple_choice | en | Which biome is the coldest? | [
"Eliminate hot lands.",
"Spot frozen ground.",
"Choose tundra."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Tundra freezes hardest.
Steps:
1. Eliminate hot lands.
2. Spot frozen ground.
3. Choose tundra.
Answer: (D) | ecology |
About 0.14 percent; 100 g of the 70,000 g body is pancreas. | null | bio_1367 | worked_example | en | The pancreas weighs 100 g in a 70 kg body. Calculate the pancreas percent. | [
"Convert 70 kg = 70000 g.",
"Divide 100 / 70000 = 0.00143.",
"Convert to about 0.14 percent.",
"Recompute: 70000 x 0.00143 = 100."
] | biology | Answer: About 0.14 percent.
Steps:
1. Convert 70 kg = 70000 g.
2. Divide 100 / 70000 = 0.00143.
3. Convert to about 0.14 percent.
4. Recompute: 70000 x 0.00143 = 100. | physiology |
2.5 grams of fat; 5 grams at 50 percent fat gives the content. | null | bio_1368 | worked_example | en | An almond weighs 5 g with 50 percent fat. Calculate fat grams. | [
"Convert 50 percent = 0.5.",
"Multiply 5 x 0.5 = 2.5.",
"Recompute: 2.5/5 = 0.5."
] | biology | Answer: 2.5 g of fat.
Steps:
1. Convert 50 percent = 0.5.
2. Multiply 5 x 0.5 = 2.5.
3. Recompute: 2.5/5 = 0.5. | biochemistry |
About 1/5, i.e. 20 percent; 10 µm of the 50 µm cell gives the share. | null | bio_1369 | worked_example | en | A chloroplast is 10 µm wide in a 50 µm leaf cell. What fraction of cell width is it? | [
"Divide 10 / 50 = 1/5.",
"Convert to 20 percent.",
"Recompute: 50 / 5 = 10."
] | biology | Answer: 1/5, i.e. 20 percent.
Steps:
1. Divide 10 / 50 = 1/5.
2. Convert to 20 percent.
3. Recompute: 50 / 5 = 10. | cell_biology |
Pravděpodobnost je 1/8, tedy 12,5 procenta; tři nezávislé poloviny se násobí. | null | bio_1370 | worked_example | cs | Při křížení DdEeFf x DdEeFf vypočítejte pravděpodobnost potomka s genotypem DdEeFf. | [
"Určete P(Dd) = P(Ee) = P(Ff) = 1/2.",
"Vynásobte 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8.",
"Převeďte na 12,5 procenta.",
"Přepočítejte: 1/8 x 64 = 8 z 64."
] | biology | Answer: 1/8, tedy 12,5 procenta.
Steps:
1. Určete P(Dd) = P(Ee) = P(Ff) = 1/2.
2. Vynásobte 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8.
3. Převeďte na 12,5 procenta.
4. Přepočítejte: 1/8 x 64 = 8 z 64. | genetics |
126 AA individuals; p squared of 0.36 times 350 gives the expected count. | null | bio_1371 | worked_example | en | In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p=0.6 in 350 diploid individuals. How many AA individuals are expected? | [
"Square p: 0.6 x 0.6 = 0.36.",
"Multiply 0.36 x 350 = 126.",
"Recompute: 126/350 = 0.36."
] | biology | Answer: 126 AA individuals.
Steps:
1. Square p: 0.6 x 0.6 = 0.36.
2. Multiply 0.36 x 350 = 126.
3. Recompute: 126/350 = 0.36. | evolution |
Brine ten times seawater shelters only shrimp and flies that feed millions of birds. | null | bio_1372 | concept | en | Describe the Great Salt Lake ecosystem. | [
"Salt brine tenfold.",
"Shelter shrimp, flies.",
"Feed birds millions."
] | biology | Answer: Salt lake feeds millions.
Steps:
1. Salt brine tenfold.
2. Shelter shrimp, flies.
3. Feed birds millions. | ecology |
The caudate steers goal-directed movement and learning, withering in Huntington's disease. | null | bio_1373 | concept | en | Explain the caudate nucleus. | [
"Steer goals moving.",
"Learn habits new.",
"Wither Huntington's down."
] | biology | Answer: Caudate aims movement.
Steps:
1. Steer goals moving.
2. Learn habits new.
3. Wither Huntington's down. | physiology |
Fructose chains stock energy in chicory roots and feed gut flora as prebiotics. | null | bio_1374 | concept | en | Describe the structure of inulin. | [
"Chain fructose long.",
"Stock roots full.",
"Feed flora prebiotic."
] | biology | Answer: Inulin stocks root sugar.
Steps:
1. Chain fructose long.
2. Stock roots full.
3. Feed flora prebiotic. | biochemistry |
Jaderný pór je kanál v jaderném obalu; propouští RNA ven a bílkoviny dovnitř. | null | bio_1375 | concept | cs | Popište jaderný pór. | [
"Popište kanál v obalu.",
"Vypusťte RNA ven.",
"Vpustěte bílkoviny dovnitř."
] | biology | Answer: Pór střeží bránu jádra.
Steps:
1. Popište kanál v obalu.
2. Vypusťte RNA ven.
3. Vpusťte bílkoviny dovnitř. | cell_biology |
Centromeres slide to new DNA addresses over millions of years without moving any genes. | null | bio_1376 | concept | en | Explain evolutionary new centromeres. | [
"Slide centromeres over.",
"Keep genes unmoved.",
"Fix them millions-long."
] | biology | Answer: Centromeres wander slowly.
Steps:
1. Slide centromeres over.
2. Keep genes unmoved.
3. Fix them millions-long. | genetics |
Surfing wakes and tossing seaweed rehearses hunting and bonds pods socially. | null | bio_1377 | concept | en | Explain play in dolphins. | [
"Surf wakes joyful.",
"Toss seaweed round.",
"Bond pods playful."
] | biology | Answer: Dolphins play to bond.
Steps:
1. Surf wakes joyful.
2. Toss seaweed round.
3. Bond pods playful. | evolution |
Farm runoff filled a desert sink with a salty sea that now shrinks into toxic dust. | null | bio_1378 | concept | en | Describe the Salton Sea ecosystem. | [
"Fill sink farming.",
"Salt seas inland.",
"Shrink dust toxic."
] | biology | Answer: Salton Sea dries toxic.
Steps:
1. Fill sink farming.
2. Salt seas inland.
3. Shrink dust toxic. | ecology |
The subthalamic nucleus brakes movement circuits, the deep-brain target calming Parkinson's tremor. | null | bio_1379 | concept | en | Explain the subthalamic nucleus. | [
"Brake circuits moving.",
"Target brains deep.",
"Calm tremors down."
] | biology | Answer: Subthalamus brakes tremor.
Steps:
1. Brake circuits moving.
2. Target brains deep.
3. Calm tremors down. | physiology |
Trávení rozkládá potravu na živiny: mechanicky žvýkáním a chemicky enzymy od úst po střeva. | null | bio_1380 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete, co je to trávení. | [
"Rozmělněte potravu.",
"Rozložte ji enzymy.",
"Vstřebejte živiny."
] | biology | Answer: Trávení mění jídlo v živiny.
Steps:
1. Rozmělněte potravu.
2. Rozložte ji enzymy.
3. Vstřebejte živiny. | biochemistry |
(C) Golgi apparatus; the Golgi packages proteins into vesicles for export. | {
"A": "Ribosome",
"B": "Lysosome",
"C": "Golgi apparatus",
"D": "Vacuole"
} | bio_1381 | multiple_choice | en | Which organelle packages proteins for export? | [
"Eliminate builders.",
"Spot packaging shipper.",
"Choose Golgi apparatus."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Golgi packs exports.
Steps:
1. Eliminate builders.
2. Spot packaging shipper.
3. Choose Golgi apparatus.
Answer: (C) | cell_biology |
(A) mRNA; ribosomes translate mRNA sequences into proteins. | {
"A": "mRNA",
"B": "DNA",
"C": "ATP",
"D": "Starch"
} | bio_1382 | multiple_choice | en | Which molecule is translated into protein? | [
"Eliminate archives.",
"Spot translated code.",
"Choose mRNA."
] | biology | Answer: (A) mRNA becomes protein.
Steps:
1. Eliminate archives.
2. Spot translated code.
3. Choose mRNA.
Answer: (A) | genetics |
(D) Coelacanth; coelacanths survive nearly unchanged from ancient fossils. | {
"A": "Dodo",
"B": "Mammoth",
"C": "Dinosaur",
"D": "Coelacanth"
} | bio_1383 | multiple_choice | en | Which of these is a living fossil? | [
"Eliminate extinct icons.",
"Spot surviving ancient.",
"Choose coelacanth."
] | biology | Answer: (D) Coelacanths outlived time.
Steps:
1. Eliminate extinct icons.
2. Spot surviving ancient.
3. Choose coelacanth.
Answer: (D) | evolution |
(B) Fungus; fungi rot fallen wood into soil. | {
"A": "Grass",
"B": "Fungus",
"C": "Rabbit",
"D": "Hawk"
} | bio_1384 | multiple_choice | en | Which is a decomposer of wood? | [
"Eliminate growers.",
"Spot wood rotter.",
"Choose fungus."
] | biology | Answer: (B) Fungi rot wood.
Steps:
1. Eliminate growers.
2. Spot wood rotter.
3. Choose fungus.
Answer: (B) | ecology |
(C) Čípky; čípky sítnice rozlišují barvy. | {
"A": "Čočka",
"B": "Duhovka",
"C": "Čípky",
"D": "Sklivec"
} | bio_1385 | multiple_choice | cs | Která část oka vnímá barvy? | [
"Vylučte optiku a clonu.",
"Přiřaďte barvy čípkům.",
"Zvolte čípky."
] | biology | Answer: (C) Barvy vnímají čípky.
Steps:
1. Vylučte optiku a clonu.
2. Přiřaďte barvy čípkům.
3. Zvolte čípky.
Answer: (C) | physiology |
(A) Vegetables; vegetables supply fiber that aids digestion. | {
"A": "Vegetables",
"B": "Meat",
"C": "Fish",
"D": "Eggs"
} | bio_1386 | multiple_choice | en | Which foods are rich in fiber? | [
"Eliminate animal foods.",
"Spot plant fiber.",
"Choose vegetables."
] | biology | Answer: (A) Vegetables fiber guts.
Steps:
1. Eliminate animal foods.
2. Spot plant fiber.
3. Choose vegetables.
Answer: (A) | biochemistry |
5 times larger; 10 µm divided by 2 µm gives the ratio. | null | bio_1387 | worked_example | en | A nucleus is 10 µm wide and a bacterium is 2 µm wide. How many times larger is the nucleus? | [
"Divide 10 / 2 = 5.",
"Recompute: 5 x 2 = 10.",
"Report 5 times."
] | biology | Answer: 5 times larger.
Steps:
1. Divide 10 / 2 = 5.
2. Recompute: 5 x 2 = 10.
3. Report 5 times. | cell_biology |
The probability is 1/32, i.e. 3.125 percent; P(Dd) times P(EE) times P(ff) gives the genotype. | null | bio_1388 | worked_example | en | For the cross DdEeFf x DdEeFf, calculate the probability of DdEEff offspring. | [
"P(Dd)=1/2, P(EE)=1/4, P(ff)=1/4.",
"Multiply 1/2 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/32.",
"Convert to 3.125 percent.",
"Recompute: 1/32 x 64 = 2 of 64."
] | biology | Answer: 1/32, i.e. 3.125 percent.
Steps:
1. P(Dd)=1/2, P(EE)=1/4, P(ff)=1/4.
2. Multiply 1/2 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/32.
3. Convert to 3.125 percent.
4. Recompute: 1/32 x 64 = 2 of 64. | genetics |
36 AA individuals; p squared of 0.09 times 400 gives the expected count. | null | bio_1389 | worked_example | en | In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p=0.3 in 400 diploid individuals. How many AA individuals are expected? | [
"Square p: 0.3 x 0.3 = 0.09.",
"Multiply 0.09 x 400 = 36.",
"Recompute: 36/400 = 0.09."
] | biology | Answer: 36 AA individuals.
Steps:
1. Square p: 0.3 x 0.3 = 0.09.
2. Multiply 0.09 x 400 = 36.
3. Recompute: 36/400 = 0.09. | evolution |
V lomu žije asi 1080 ještěrek; plocha krát hustota dá celkový počet. | null | bio_1390 | worked_example | cs | Lom má 9 hektarů a hustota je 120 ještěrek na hektar. Vypočítejte počet ještěrek. | [
"Vynásobte 9 x 120 = 1080.",
"Přepočítejte: 1080 / 9 = 120.",
"Uveďte asi 1080 ještěrek."
] | biology | Answer: Asi 1080 ještěrek.
Steps:
1. Vynásobte 9 x 120 = 1080.
2. Přepočítejte: 1080 / 9 = 120.
3. Uveďte asi 1080 ještěrek. | ecology |
600 eyelashes in total; 150 per lid over 4 lids gives the fringe. | null | bio_1391 | worked_example | en | Each eyelid has 150 lashes. Calculate total lashes on 4 lids. | [
"Multiply 150 x 4 = 600.",
"Recompute: 600 / 4 = 150.",
"Report 600 lashes."
] | biology | Answer: 600 lashes.
Steps:
1. Multiply 150 x 4 = 600.
2. Recompute: 600 / 4 = 150.
3. Report 600 lashes. | physiology |
Boron crosslinks pectin in plant walls; shortage cracks stems and kills growing tips. | null | bio_1392 | concept | en | Explain the role of boron in plant walls. | [
"Crosslink pectin firm.",
"Stiffen growing walls.",
"Crack tips without it."
] | biology | Answer: Boron braces plant walls.
Steps:
1. Crosslink pectin firm.
2. Stiffen growing walls.
3. Crack tips without it. | biochemistry |
Mitotic cells delay anaphase and cluster breaks until division ends and repairs resume. | null | bio_1393 | concept | en | Explain the DNA damage response in mitosis. | [
"Sense breaks mid-division.",
"Delay anaphase waiting.",
"Cluster breaks till done."
] | biology | Answer: Mitosis parks broken DNA.
Steps:
1. Sense breaks mid-division.
2. Delay anaphase waiting.
3. Cluster breaks till done. | cell_biology |
Sisters swap matching segments during replication, harmlessly unless exchanges mark repair overload. | null | bio_1394 | concept | en | Explain sister chromatid exchanges. | [
"Swap sisters matched.",
"Resolve replication stalls.",
"Mark overload frequent."
] | biology | Answer: Sisters trade segments safe.
Steps:
1. Swap sisters matched.
2. Resolve replication stalls.
3. Mark overload frequent. | genetics |
Rostliny vzešly ze zelených řas: kořeny, cévní svazky a semena jim otevřely souš. | null | bio_1395 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete evoluci rostlin. | [
"Vyjděte ze zelených řas.",
"Získejte kořeny a cévy.",
"Rozmnožte se semeny."
] | biology | Answer: Rostliny zakořenily na souši.
Steps:
1. Vyjděte ze zelených řas.
2. Získejte kořeny a cévy.
3. Rozmnožte se semeny. | evolution |
Canals braid alder forests where otters, cranes, and pickles share the flooded woods. | null | bio_1396 | concept | en | Describe the Spreewald forest ecosystem. | [
"Braid canals wooded.",
"Shelter otters, cranes.",
"Flood forests yearly."
] | biology | Answer: Spreewald floats forest canals.
Steps:
1. Braid canals wooded.
2. Shelter otters, cranes.
3. Flood forests yearly. | ecology |
The ileum absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts with its Peyer's-patch-guarded walls. | null | bio_1397 | concept | en | Explain the function of the ileum. | [
"Absorb B12 here.",
"Reclaim bile salts.",
"Guard walls patched."
] | biology | Answer: Ileum reclaims B12, bile.
Steps:
1. Absorb B12 here.
2. Reclaim bile salts.
3. Guard walls patched. | physiology |
Rhamnose-galacturonic backbones branch pectin gels that soften ripening fruit. | null | bio_1398 | concept | en | Describe the structure of rhamnogalacturonan. | [
"Backbone rhamnose-acid.",
"Branch gels pectin.",
"Soften fruit ripe."
] | biology | Answer: Rhamnogalacturonan softens fruit.
Steps:
1. Backbone rhamnose-acid.
2. Branch gels pectin.
3. Soften fruit ripe. | biochemistry |
MPS1 arms the spindle checkpoint by recruiting MAD and BUB proteins to bare kinetochores. | null | bio_1399 | concept | en | Explain MPS1 kinase. | [
"Sense bare kinetochores.",
"Recruit MAD, BUB.",
"Arm checkpoint waiting."
] | biology | Answer: MPS1 sounds spindle alarm.
Steps:
1. Sense bare kinetochores.
2. Recruit MAD, BUB.
3. Arm checkpoint waiting. | cell_biology |
Zákon o segregaci říká, že se alely při tvorbě gamet rozcházejí a potomek dostane po jedné od každého rodiče. | null | bio_1400 | concept | cs | Vysvětlete Mendelův zákon o segregaci. | [
"Definujte rozchod alel.",
"Rozdělte je do gamet.",
"Spojte je v potomkovi."
] | biology | Answer: Segregace dělí alely do gamet.
Steps:
1. Definujte rozchod alel.
2. Rozdělte je do gamet.
3. Spojte je v potomkovi. | genetics |
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